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diff --git a/42081-8.txt b/42081-8.txt deleted file mode 100644 index e64feb3..0000000 --- a/42081-8.txt +++ /dev/null @@ -1,15502 +0,0 @@ -The Project Gutenberg eBook, The Diary of John Evelyn, Volume II (of 2), -by John Evelyn, Edited by William Bray - - -This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with -almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or -re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included -with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org - - - - - -Title: The Diary of John Evelyn, Volume II (of 2) - - -Author: John Evelyn - -Editor: William Bray - -Release Date: February 12, 2013 [eBook #42081] - -Language: English - -Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1 - - -***START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE DIARY OF JOHN EVELYN, VOLUME -II (OF 2)*** - - -E-text prepared by Charlene Taylor, Marilynda Fraser-Cunliffe, Linda -Hamilton, and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team -(http://www.pgdp.net) from page images generously made available by -Internet Archive (http://archive.org) - - - -Note: Project Gutenberg also has an HTML version of this - file which includes the original illustrations. - See 42081-h.htm or 42081-h.zip: - (http://www.gutenberg.net/dirs/2/8/6/4/42081/42081-h/42081-h.htm) - or - (http://www.gutenberg.net/dirs/2/8/6/4/42081/42081-h.zip) - - - Images of the original pages are available through - Internet Archive. See - http://archive.org/details/diaryofjohnevely02eveliala - - - Project Gutenberg has the other volume (Volume I) of this work. - Volume I: see http://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/41218 - - -Transcriber's note: - - Page headers in the original text indicated the location of - the author. I have converted these to sidenotes. When the - location did not change over several pages, only one sidenote - was used. - - - - - -[Illustration: _THE DUKE OF BUCKINGHAM_ - -_From an old painting_] - - -THE DIARY OF JOHN EVELYN - -Edited from the Original Mss. by - -WILLIAM BRAY - -Fellow of the Antiquarian Society - -In Two Volumes - -VOL. II - -With a Biographical Introduction by the Editor - -And a Special Introduction by Richard Garnett, Ll.D. -of the British Museum - - - - - - - -M. Walter Dunne, Publisher -Washington & London - -Copyright, 1901, -by -Walter Dunne, -Publisher - - - - -ILLUSTRATIONS - - - CHARLES I. IN PRISON _Frontispiece_ - Photogravure after De La Roche. - - LORD WILLIAM RUSSELL TAKING LEAVE OF HIS CHILDREN, 1683 180 - Photogravure after a painting by Bridges. - - OLIVER CROMWELL DICTATING TO JOHN MILTON 284 - The letter to the Duke of Savoy to stop the persecution - of the Protestants of Piedmont, 1655. - Photogravure from an engraving by Sartain after Newenham. - - -VOLUME II. - - THE DUKE OF BUCKINGHAM _Frontispiece_ - From an old painting. - - NELL GWYNNE 64 - Photogravure after Sir Peter Lely. - - - - -VOLUME I. - -1620-1664 - - -VOLUME II. - -1665-1706 - - - - -THE DIARY OF JOHN EVELYN. - - -2d January, 1665. - -This day was published by me that part of "The Mystery of Jesuitism" -translated and collected by me, though without my name, containing the -Imaginary Heresy, with four letters and other pieces. - -4th January, 1665. I went in a coach, it being excessive sharp frost and -snow, toward Dover and other parts of Kent, to settle physicians, -chirurgeons, agents, marshals, and other officers in all the sea ports, -to take care of such as should be set on shore, wounded, sick, or -prisoners, in pursuance of our commission reaching from the North -Foreland, in Kent, to Portsmouth, in Hampshire. The rest of the ports in -England were allotted to the other Commissioners. That evening I came to -Rochester, where I delivered the Privy Council's letter to the Mayor to -receive orders from me. - -5th January, 1665. I arrived at Canterbury, and went to the cathedral, -exceedingly well repaired since his Majesty's return. - -6th January, 1665. To Dover, where Colonel Stroode, Lieutenant of the -Castle, having received the letter I brought him from the Duke of -Albemarle, made me lodge in it, and I was splendidly treated, assisting -me from place to place. Here I settled my first Deputy. The Mayor and -officers of the Customs were very civil to me. - -9th January, 1665. To Deal.--10th. To Sandwich, a pretty town, about two -miles from the sea. The Mayor and officers of the Customs were very -diligent to serve me. I visited the forts in the way, and returned that -night to Canterbury. - -11th January, 1665. To Rochester, when I took order to settle officers -at Chatham. - -12th January, 1665. To Gravesend, and returned home. A cold, busy, but -not unpleasant journey. - -[Sidenote: LONDON] - -25th January, 1665. This night being at Whitehall, his Majesty came to -me standing in the withdrawing-room, and gave me thanks for publishing -"The Mysteries of Jesuitism," which he said he had carried two days in -his pocket, read it, and encouraged me; at which I did not a little -wonder: I suppose Sir Robert Murray had given it to him. - -27th January, 1665. Dined at the Lord Chancellor's, who caused me after -dinner to sit two or three hours alone with him in his bedchamber. - -2d February, 1665. I saw a Masque performed at Court, by six gentlemen -and six ladies, surprising his Majesty, it being Candlemas day. - -8th February, Ash Wednesday, 1665. I visited our prisoners at Chelsea -College, and to examine how the marshal and sutlers behaved. These were -prisoners taken in the war; they only complained that their bread was -too fine. I dined at Sir Henry Herbert's, Master of the Revels. - -9th February, 1665. Dined at my Lord Treasurer's, the Earl of -Southampton, in Bloomsbury, where he was building a noble square or -piazza,[1] a little town; his own house stands too low, some noble -rooms, a pretty cedar chapel, a naked garden to the north, but good air. -I had much discourse with his Lordship, whom I found to be a person of -extraordinary parts, but a _valetudinarian_.--I went to St. James's -Park, where I saw various animals, and examined the throat of the -_Onocrotylus_, or pelican, a fowl between a stork and a swan; a -melancholy water-fowl, brought from Astrakhan by the Russian Ambassador; -it was diverting to see how he would toss up and turn a flat fish, -plaice, or flounder, to get it right into his gullet at its lower beak, -which, being filmy, stretches to a prodigious wideness when it devours a -great fish. Here was also a small water-fowl, not bigger than a moorhen, -that went almost quite erect, like the penguin of America; it would eat -as much fish as its whole body weighed; I never saw so unsatiable a -devourer, yet the body did not appear to swell the bigger. The solan -geese here are also great devourers, and are said soon to exhaust all -the fish in a pond. Here was a curious sort of poultry not much -exceeding the size of a tame pigeon, with legs so short as their crops -seemed to touch the earth; a milk-white raven; a stork, which was a -rarity at this season, seeing he was loose, and could fly loftily; two -Balearian cranes, one of which having had one of his legs broken and cut -off above the knee, had a wooden or boxen leg and thigh, with a joint so -accurately made that the creature could walk and use it as well as if it -had been natural; it was made by a soldier. The park was at this time -stored with numerous flocks of several sorts of ordinary and -extraordinary wild fowl, breeding about the Decoy, which for being near -so great a city, and among such a concourse of soldiers and people, is a -singular and diverting thing. There were also deer of several countries, -white; spotted like leopards; antelopes, an elk, red deer, roebucks, -stags, Guinea goats, Arabian sheep, etc. There were withy-pots, or -nests, for the wild fowl to lay their eggs in, a little above the -surface of the water. - - [Footnote 1: The Italians mean simply a square by their _piazzas_.] - -23d February, 1665. I was invited to a great feast at Mr. Rich's (a -relation of my wife's, now reader at Lincoln's Inn); where was the Duke -of Monmouth, the Archbishop of Canterbury, Bishops of London and -Winchester, the Speaker of the House of Commons, divers of the Judges, -and several other great men. - -24th February, 1665. Dr. Fell, Canon of Christ Church, preached before -the King, on 15 ch. Romans, v. 2, a very formal discourse, and in blank -verse, according to his manner; however, he is a good man.--Mr. Philips, -preceptor to my son, went to be with the Earl of Pembroke's son, my Lord -Herbert. - -[Sidenote: LONDON] - -2d March, 1665. I went with his Majesty into the lobby behind the House -of Lords, where I saw the King and the rest of the Lords robe -themselves, and got into the House of Lords in a corner near the -woolsack, on which the Lord Chancellor sits next below the throne: the -King sat in all the regalia, the crown-imperial on his head, the sceptre -and globe, etc. The Duke of Albemarle bore the sword, the Duke of -Ormond, the cap of dignity. The rest of the Lords robed in their -places:--a most splendid and august convention. Then came the Speaker -and the House of Commons, and at the bar made a speech, and afterward -presented several bills, a nod only passing them, the clerk saying, _Le -Roy le veult_, as to public bills, as to private, _Soit faite commeil -est desirè_. Then, his Majesty made a handsome but short speech, -commanding my Lord Privy Seal to prorogue the Parliament, which he did, -the Chancellor being ill and absent. I had not before seen this -ceremony. - -9th March, 1665. I went to receive the poor creatures that were saved -out of the London frigate, blown up by accident, with above 200 men. - -29th March, 1665. Went to Goring House, now Mr. Secretary Bennet's, -ill-built, but the place capable of being made a pretty villa. His -Majesty was now finishing the Decoy in the Park. - -2d April, 1665. Took order about some prisoners sent from Captain -Allen's ship, taken in the Solomon, viz, the brave men who defended her -so gallantly. - -5th April, 1665. Was a day of public humiliation and for success of this -terrible war, begun doubtless at secret instigation of the French to -weaken the States and Protestant interest. Prodigious preparations on -both sides. - -6th April, 1665. In the afternoon, I saw acted "_Mustapha_," a tragedy -written by the Earl of Orrery. - -11th April, 1665. To London, being now left the only Commissioner to -take all necessary orders how to exchange, remove, and keep prisoners, -dispose of hospitals, etc.; the rest of the Commissioners being gone to -their several districts, in expectation of a sudden engagement. - -19th April, 1665. Invited to a great dinner at the Trinity House, where -I had business with the Commissioners of the Navy, and to receive the -second £5,000, impressed for the service of the sick and wounded -prisoners. - -20th April, 1665. To Whitehall, to the King, who called me into his -bedchamber as he was dressing, to whom, I showed the letter written to -me from the Duke of York from the fleet, giving me notice of young -Evertzen, and some considerable commanders newly taken in fight with the -Dartmouth and Diamond frigates, whom he had sent me as prisoners at war; -I went to know of his Majesty how he would have me treat them, when he -commanded me to bring the young captain to him, and to take the word of -the Dutch Ambassador (who yet remained here) for the other, that he -should render himself to me whenever I called on him, and not stir -without leave. Upon which I desired more guards, the prison being -Chelsea House. I went also to Lord Arlington (the Secretary Bennet -lately made a Lord) about other business. Dined at my Lord Chancellor's; -none with him but Sir Sackville Crowe, formerly Ambassador at -Constantinople; we were very cheerful and merry. - -24th April, 1665. I presented young Captain Evertzen (eldest son of -Cornelius, Vice-Admiral of Zealand and nephew of John, now Admiral, a -most valiant person) to his Majesty in his bed-chamber. The King gave -him his hand to kiss, and restored him his liberty; asked many questions -concerning the fight (it being the first blood drawn), his Majesty -remembering the many civilities he had formerly received from his -relations abroad, who had now so much interest in that considerable -Province. Then, I was commanded to go with him to the Holland -Ambassador, where he was to stay for his passport, and I was to give him -fifty pieces in broad gold. Next day I had the Ambassador's parole for -the other Captain, taken in Captain Allen's fight before Calais. I gave -the King an account of what I had done, and afterward asked the same -favor for another Captain, which his Majesty gave me. - -28th April, 1665. I went to Tunbridge, to see a solemn exercise at the -free-school there. - -Having taken orders with my marshal about my prisoners, and with the -doctor and chirurgeon to attend the wounded enemies, and of our own men, -I went to London again, and visited my charge, several with legs and -arms off; miserable objects, God knows. - -16th May, 1665. To London, to consider of the poor orphans and widows -made by this bloody beginning, and whose husbands and relations perished -in the London frigate, of which there were fifty widows, and forty-five -of them with child. - -26th May, 1665. To treat with the Holland Ambassador at Chelsea, for -release of divers prisoners of war in Holland on exchange here. After -dinner, being called into the Council-Chamber at Whitehall, I gave his -Majesty an account of what I had done, informing him of the vast charge -upon us, now amounting to no less than £1,000 weekly. - -29th May, 1665. I went with my little boy to my district in Kent, to -make up accounts with my officers. Visited the Governor at Dover Castle, -where were some of my prisoners. - -3d June, 1665. In my return went to Gravesend; the fleets being just now -engaged, gave special orders for my officers to be ready to receive the -wounded and prisoners. - -[Sidenote: LONDON] - -5th June, 1665. To London, to speak with his Majesty and the Duke of -Albemarle for horse and foot guards for the prisoners at war, committed -more particularly to my charge by a commission apart. - -8th June, 1665. I went again to his Grace, thence to the Council, and -moved for another privy seal for £20,000, and that I might have the -disposal of the Savoy Hospital for the sick and wounded; all which was -granted. Hence to the Royal Society, to refresh among the philosophers. - -Came news of his highness's victory, which indeed might have been a -complete one, and at once ended the war, had it been pursued, but the -cowardice of some, or treachery, or both, frustrated that. We had, -however, bonfires, bells, and rejoicing in the city. Next day, the 9th, -I had instant orders to repair to the Downs, so as I got to Rochester -this evening. Next day I lay at Deal, where I found all in readiness: -but, the fleet being hindered by contrary winds, I came away on the -12th, and went to Dover, and returned to Deal; and on the 13th, hearing -the fleet was at Solbay, I went homeward, and lay at Chatham, and on the -14th, I got home. On the 15th, came the eldest son of the present -Secretary of State to the French King, with much other company, to dine -with me. After dinner, I went with him to London, to speak to my Lord -General for more guards, and gave his Majesty an account of my journey -to the coasts under my inspection. I also waited on his Royal Highness, -now come triumphant from the fleet, gotten into repair. See the whole -history of this conflict in my "History of the Dutch War." - -20th June, 1665. To London, and represented the state of the sick and -wounded to His Majesty in Council, for want of money, he ordered I -should apply to My Lord Treasurer and Chancellor of the Exchequer, upon -what funds to raise the money promised. We also presented to his Majesty -divers expedients for retrenchment of the charge. - -This evening making my court to the Duke, I spake to Monsieur -Comminges, the French Ambassador, and his Highness granted me six -prisoners, Embdeners, who were desirous to go to the Barbadoes with a -merchant. - -22d June, 1665. We waited on the Chancellor of the Exchequer, and got an -Order of Council for our money to be paid to the Treasurer of the Navy -for our Receivers. - -23d June, 1665. I dined with Sir Robert Paston, since Earl of Yarmouth, -and saw the Duke of Verneuille, base brother to the Queen-Mother, a -handsome old man, a great hunter. - -The Duke of York told us that, when we were in fight, his dog sought out -absolutely the very securest place in all the vessel.--In the afternoon, -I saw the pompous reception and audience of El Conde de Molino, the -Spanish Ambassador, in the Banqueting-house, both their Majesties -sitting together under the canopy of state. - -30th June, 1665. To Chatham; and, 1st July, to the fleet with Lord -Sandwich, now Admiral, with whom I went in a pinnace to the Buoy of the -Nore, where the whole fleet rode at anchor; went on board the Prince, of -ninety brass ordnance, haply the best ship in the world, both for -building and sailing; she had 700 men. They made a great huzza, or -shout, at our approach, three times. Here we dined with many noblemen, -gentlemen, and volunteers, served in plate and excellent meat of all -sorts. After dinner, came his Majesty, the Duke, and Prince Rupert. Here -I saw the King knight Captain Custance for behaving so bravely in the -late fight. It was surprising to behold the good order, decency, and -plenty of all things in a vessel so full of men. The ship received a -hundred cannon shot in her body. Then I went on board the Charles, to -which after a gun was shot off, came all the flag officers to his -Majesty, who there held a General Council, which determined that his -Royal Highness should adventure himself no more this summer. I came away -late, having seen the most glorious fleet that ever spread sails. We -returned in his Majesty's yacht with my Lord Sandwich and Mr. -Vice-Chamberlain, landing at Chatham on Sunday morning. - -5th July, 1665. I took order for 150 men, who had been recovered of -their wounds, to be carried on board the Clove Tree, Carolus Quintus, -and Zealand, ships that had been taken by us in the fight; and so -returned home. - -7th July, 1665. To London, to Sir William Coventry; and so to Sion, -where his Majesty sat at Council during the contagion: when business was -over, I viewed that seat belonging to the Earl of Northumberland, built -out of an old nunnery, of stone, and fair enough, but more celebrated -for the garden than it deserves; yet there is excellent wall-fruit, and -a pretty fountain; nothing else extraordinary. - -9th July, 1665. I went to Hampton-Court, where now the whole Court was, -to solicit for money; to carry intercepted letters; confer again with -Sir William Coventry, the Duke's secretary; and so home, having dined -with Mr. Secretary Morice. - -16th July, 1665. There died of the plague in London this week 1,100; and -in the week following, above 2,000. Two houses were shut up in our -parish. - -2d August, 1665. A solemn fast through England to deprecate God's -displeasure against the land by pestilence and war; our Doctor preaching -on 26 Levit. v. 41, 42, that the means to obtain remission of punishment -was not to repine at it; but humbly to submit to it. - -3d August, 1665. Came his Grace the Duke of Albemarle, Lord General of -all his Majesty's forces, to visit me, and carried me to dine with him. - -4th August, 1665. I went to Wotton with my Son and his tutor, Mr. Bohun, -Fellow of New College (recommended to me by Dr. Wilkins, and the -President of New College, Oxford), for fear of the pestilence, still -increasing in London and its environs. On my return, I called at -Durdans, where I found Dr. Wilkins, Sir William Petty, and Mr. Hooke, -contriving chariots, new rigging for ships, a wheel for one to run races -in, and other mechanical inventions; perhaps three such persons together -were not to be found elsewhere in Europe, for parts and ingenuity. - -8th August, 1665. I waited on the Duke of Albemarle, who was resolved to -stay at the Cock-pit, in St. James's Park. Died this week in London, -4,000. - -15th August, 1665. There perished this week 5,000. - -28th August, 1665. The contagion still increasing, and growing now all -about us, I sent my wife and whole family (two or three necessary -servants excepted) to my brother's at Wotton, being resolved to stay at -my house myself, and to look after my charge, trusting in the providence -and goodness of God. - -[Sidenote: CHATHAM] - -5th September, 1665. To Chatham, to inspect my charge, with £900 in my -coach. - -7th September, 1665. Came home, there perishing near 10,000 poor -creatures weekly; however, I went all along the city and suburbs from -Kent Street to St. James's, a dismal passage, and dangerous to see so -many coffins exposed in the streets, now thin of people; the shops shut -up, and all in mournful silence, not knowing whose turn might be next. I -went to the Duke of Albemarle for a pest-ship, to wait on our infected -men, who were not a few. - -14th September, 1665. I went to Wotton; and on 16th September, to visit -old Secretary Nicholas, being now at his new purchase of West Horsley, -once mortgaged to me by Lord Viscount Montague: a pretty dry seat on the -Down. Returned to Wotton. - -17th September, 1665. Receiving a letter from Lord Sandwich of a defeat -given to the Dutch, I was forced to travel all Sunday. I was exceedingly -perplexed to find that near 3,000 prisoners were sent to me to dispose -of, being more than I had places fit to receive and guard. - -25th September, 1665. My Lord Admiral being come from the fleet to -Greenwich, I went thence with him to the Cock-pit, to consult with the -Duke of Albemarle. I was peremptory that, unless we had £10,000 -immediately, the prisoners would starve, and it was proposed it should -be raised out of the East India prizes now taken by Lord Sandwich. They -being but two of the commission, and so not empowered to determine, sent -an express to his Majesty and Council, to know what they should do. In -the meantime, I had five vessels, with competent guards, to keep the -prisoners in for the present, to be placed as I should think best. After -dinner (which was at the General's) I went over to visit his Grace, the -Archbishop of Canterbury, at Lambeth. - -28th September, 1665. To the General again, to acquaint him of the -deplorable state of our men for want of provisions; returned with -orders. - -29th September, 1665. To Erith, to quicken the sale of the prizes lying -there, with order to the commissioner who lay on board till they should -be disposed of, £5,000 being proportioned for my quarter. Then I -delivered the Dutch Vice-Admiral, who was my prisoner, to Mr. Lo.... -[2]of the Marshalsea, he giving me bond in £500 to produce him at my -call. I exceedingly pitied this brave unhappy person, who had lost with -these prizes £40,000 after twenty years' negotiation [trading] in the -East Indies. I dined in one of these vessels, of 1,200 tons, full of -riches. - - [Footnote 2: Mr. Lowman.] - -1st October, 1665. This afternoon, while at evening prayers, tidings -were brought me of the birth of a daughter at Wotton, after six sons, in -the same chamber I had first taken breath in, and at the first day of -that month, as I was on the last, forty-five years before. - -4th October, 1665. The monthly fast. - -[Sidenote: LONDON] - -11th October, 1665. To London, and went through the whole city, having -occasion to alight out of the coach in several places about business of -money, when I was environed with multitudes of poor, pestiferous -creatures begging alms; the shops universally shut up, a dreadful -prospect! I dined with my Lord General; was to receive £10,000, and had -guards to convey both myself and it, and so returned home, through God's -infinite mercy. - -17th October, 1665. I went to Gravesend; next day to Chatham; thence to -Maidstone, in order to the march of 500 prisoners to Leeds Castle, which -I had hired of Lord Culpeper. I was earnestly desired by the learned Sir -Roger Twisden, and Deputy-Lieutenants, to spare Maidstone from -quartering any of my sick flock. Here, Sir Edward Brett sent me some -horse to bring up the rear. This country, from Rochester to Maidstone -and the Downs, is very agreeable for the prospect. - -21st October, 1665. I came from Gravesend, where Sir J. Griffith, the -Governor of the Fort, entertained me very handsomely. - -31st October, 1665. I was this day forty-five years of age wonderfully -preserved; for which I blessed God for his infinite goodness toward me. - -23d November, 1665. Went home, the contagion having now decreased -considerably. - -27th November, 1665. The Duke of Albemarle was going to Oxford, where -both Court and Parliament had been most part of the summer. There was no -small suspicion of my Lord Sandwich having permitted divers commanders, -who were at the taking of the East India prizes, to break bulk, and to -take to themselves jewels, silks, etc.: though I believe some whom I -could name filled their pockets, my Lord Sandwich himself had the least -share. However, he underwent the blame, and it created him enemies, and -prepossessed the Lord General, for he spoke to me of it with much zeal -and concern, and I believe laid load enough on Lord Sandwich at Oxford. - -8th December, 1665. To my Lord of Albemarle (now returned from Oxford), -who was declared General at Sea, to the no small mortification of that -excellent person, the Earl of Sandwich, whom the Duke of Albemarle not -only suspected faulty about the prizes, but less valiant; himself -imagining how easy a thing it were to confound the Hollanders, as well -now as heretofore he fought against them upon a more disloyal interest. - -25th December, 1665. Kept Christmas with my hospitable brother, at -Wotton. - -30th December, 1665. To Woodcot, where I supped at my Lady Mordaunt's at -Ashsted, where was a room hung with _pintado_, full of figures great and -small, prettily representing sundry trades and occupations of the -Indians, with their habits; here supped also Dr. Duke, a learned and -facetious gentleman. - -31st December, 1665. Now blessed be God for his extraordinary mercies -and preservation of me this year, when thousands, and ten thousands, -perished, and were swept away on each side of me, there dying in our -parish this year 406 of the pestilence! - -3d January, 1665-66. I supped in Nonesuch House,[3] whither the office -of the Exchequer was transferred during the plague, at my good friend -Mr. Packer's, and took an exact view of the plaster statues and -bass-relievos inserted between the timbers and puncheons of the outside -walls of the Court; which must needs have been the work of some -celebrated Italian. I much admired how they had lasted so well and -entire since the time of Henry VIII., exposed as they are to the air; -and pity it is they are not taken out and preserved in some dry place; a -gallery would become them. There are some mezzo-relievos as big as the -life; the story is of the Heathen Gods, emblems, compartments, etc. The -palace consists of two courts, of which the first is of stone, castle -like, by the Lord Lumleys (of whom it was purchased), the other of -timber, a Gothic fabric, but these walls incomparably beautiful. I -observed that the appearing timber-puncheons, entrelices, etc., were all -so covered with scales of slate, that it seemed carved in the wood and -painted, the slate fastened on the timber in pretty figures, that has, -like a coat of armor, preserved it from rotting. There stand in the -garden two handsome stone pyramids, and the avenue planted with rows of -fair elms, but the rest of these goodly trees, both of this and of -Worcester Park adjoining, were felled by those destructive and -avaricious rebels in the late war, which defaced one of the stateliest -seats his Majesty had. - - [Footnote 3: Of this famous summer residence of Queen Elizabeth not - a vestige remains.] - -12th January, 1666. After much, and indeed extraordinary mirth and -cheer, all my brothers, our wives, and children, being together, and -after much sorrow and trouble during this contagion, which separated our -families as well as others, I returned to my house, but my wife went -back to Wotton. I, not as yet willing to adventure her, the contagion, -though exceedingly abated, not as yet wholly extinguished among us. - -29th January, 1666. I went to wait on his Majesty, now returned from -Oxford to Hampton-Court, where the Duke of Albemarle presented me to -him; he ran toward me, and in a most gracious manner gave me his hand to -kiss, with many thanks for my care and faithfulness in his service in a -time of such great danger, when everybody fled their employments; he -told me he was much obliged to me, and said he was several times -concerned for me, and the peril I underwent, and did receive my service -most acceptably (though in truth I did but do my duty, and O that I had -performed it as I ought!). After this, his Majesty was pleased to talk -with me alone, near an hour, of several particulars of my employment, -and ordered me to attend him again on the Thursday following at -Whitehall. Then the Duke came toward me, and embraced me with much -kindness, telling me if he had thought my danger would have been so -great, he would not have suffered his Majesty to employ me in that -station. Then came to salute me my Lord of St. Albans, Lord Arlington, -Sir William Coventry, and several great persons; after which, I got -home, not being very well in health. - -The Court was now in deep mourning for the French Queen-Mother. - -[Sidenote: LONDON] - -2d February, 1666. To London; his Majesty now come to Whitehall, where I -heard and saw my Lord Mayor (and brethren) make his speech of welcome, -and the two Sheriffs were knighted. - -6th February, 1666. My wife and family returned to me from the country, -where they had been since August, by reason of the contagion, now almost -universally ceasing. Blessed be God for his infinite mercy in preserving -us! I, having gone through so much danger, and lost so many of my poor -officers, escaping still myself that I might live to recount and magnify -his goodness to me. - -8th February, 1666. I had another gracious reception by his Majesty, who -called me into his bed-chamber, to lay before and describe to him my -project of an Infirmary, which I read to him, who with great -approbation, recommended it to his Royal Highness. - -20th February, 1666. To the Commissioners of the Navy who, having seen -the project of the Infirmary, encouraged the work, and were very earnest -it should be set about immediately; but I saw no money, though a very -moderate expense would have saved thousands to his Majesty, and been -much more commodious for the cure and quartering of our sick and -wounded, than the dispersing them into private houses, where many more -chirurgeons and attendants were necessary, and the people tempted to -debauchery. - -21st February, 1666. Went to my Lord Treasurer for an assignment of -£40,000 upon the last two quarters for support of the next year's -charge. Next day, to Duke of Albemarle and Secretary of State, to desire -them to propose it to the Council. - -1st March, 1666. To London, and presented his Majesty my book intitled, -"The Pernicious Consequences of the new Heresy of the Jesuits against -Kings and States." - -7th March, 1666. Dr. Sancroft, since Archbishop of Canterbury, preached -before the King about the identity and immutability of God, on Psalm -cii. 27. - -13th March, 1666. To Chatham, to view a place designed for an -Infirmary. - -15th March, 1666. My charge now amounted to near £7,000 [weekly]. - -22d March, 1666. The Royal Society reassembled, after the dispersion -from the contagion. - -24th March, 1666. Sent £2,000 to Chatham. - -[Sidenote: LONDON] - -1st April, 1666. To London, to consult about ordering the natural -rarities belonging to the repository of the Royal Society; referred to a -Committee. - -10th April, 1666. Visited Sir William D'Oyly, surprised with a fit of -apoplexy, and in extreme danger. - -11th April, 1666. Dr. Bathurst preached before the King, from "I say -unto you all, watch"--a seasonable and most excellent discourse. When -his Majesty came from chapel, he called to me in the lobby, and told me -he must now have me sworn for a Justice of Peace (having long since made -me of the Commission); which I declined as inconsistent with the other -service I was engaged in, and humbly desired to be excused. After -dinner, waiting on him, I gave him the first notice of the Spaniards -referring the umpirage of the peace between them and Portugal to the -French King, which came to me in a letter from France before the -Secretaries of State had any news of it. After this, his Majesty again -asked me if I had found out any able person about our parts that might -supply my place of Justice of Peace (the office in the world I had most -industriously avoided, in regard of the perpetual trouble thereof in -these numerous parishes); on which I nominated one, whom the King -commanded me to give immediate notice of to my Lord Chancellor, and I -should be excused; for which I rendered his Majesty many thanks. From -thence, I went to the Royal Society, where I was chosen by twenty-seven -voices to be one of their Council for the ensuing year; but, upon my -earnest suit in respect of my other affairs, I got to be excused--and so -home. - -15th April, 1666. Our parish was now more infected with the plague than -ever, and so was all the country about, though almost quite ceased at -London. - -24th April, 1666. To London about our Mint-Commission, and sat in the -inner Court of Wards. - -8th May, 1666. To Queensborough, where finding the Richmond frigate, I -sailed to the buoy of the Nore to my Lord-General and Prince Rupert, -where was the Rendezvous of the most glorious fleet in the world, now -preparing to meet the Hollander. Went to visit my cousin, Hales, at a -sweetly-watered place at Chilston, near Bockton. The next morning, to -Leeds Castle, once a famous hold, now hired by me of my Lord Culpeper -for a prison. Here I flowed the dry moat, made a new drawbridge, brought -spring water into the court of the Castle to an old fountain, and took -order for the repairs. - -22d May, 1666. Waited on my Lord Chancellor at his new palace; and Lord -Berkeley's built next to it. - -24th May, 1666. Dined with Lord Cornbury, now made Lord Chamberlain to -the Queen; who kept a very honorable table. - -1st June, 1666. Being in my garden at 6 o'clock in the evening, and -hearing the great guns go thick off, I took horse and rode that night to -Rochester; thence next day toward the Downs and seacoast, but meeting -the Lieutenant of the Hampshire frigate, who told me what passed, or -rather what had not passed, I returned to London, there being no noise, -or appearance at Deal, or on that coast of any engagement. Recounting -this to his Majesty, whom I found at St. James's Park, impatiently -expecting, and knowing that Prince Rupert was loose about three at St. -Helen's Point at N. of the Isle of Wight, it greatly rejoiced him; but -he was astonished when I assured him they heard nothing of the guns in -the Downs, nor did the Lieutenant who landed there by five that morning. - -3d June, 1666. Whitsunday. After sermon came news that the Duke of -Albemarle was still in fight, and had been all Saturday, and that -Captain Harman's ship (the Henry) was like to be burnt. Then a letter -from Mr. Bertie that Prince Rupert was come up with his squadron -(according to my former advice of his being loose and in the way), and -put new courage into our fleet, now in a manner yielding ground; so that -now we were chasing the chasers; that the Duke of Albemarle was slightly -wounded, and the rest still in great danger. So, having been much -wearied with my journey, I slipped home, the guns still roaring very -fiercely. - -[Sidenote: LONDON] - -5th June, 1666. I went this morning to London, where came several -particulars of the fight. - -6th June, 1666. Came Sir Daniel Harvey from the General and related the -dreadful encounter, on which his Majesty commanded me to dispatch an -extraordinary physician and more chirurgeons. It was on the solemn -Fast-day when the news came; his Majesty being in the chapel made a -sudden stop to hear the relation, which being with much advantage on our -side, his Majesty commanded that public thanks should immediately be -given as for a victory. The Dean of the chapel going down to give notice -of it to the other Dean officiating; and notice was likewise sent to St. -Paul's and Westminster Abbey. But this was no sooner over, than news -came that our loss was very great both in ships and men; that the Prince -frigate was burnt, and as noble a vessel of ninety brass guns lost; and -the taking of Sir George Ayscue, and exceeding shattering of both -fleets; so as both being obstinate, both parted rather for want of -ammunition and tackle than courage; our General retreating like a lion; -which exceedingly abated of our former joy. There were, however, orders -given for bonfires and bells; but, God knows, it was rather a -deliverance than a triumph. So much it pleased God to humble our late -overconfidence that nothing could withstand the Duke of Albemarle, who, -in good truth, made too forward a reckoning of his success now, because -he had once beaten the Dutch in another quarrel; and being ambitious to -outdo the Earl of Sandwich, whom he had prejudicated as deficient in -courage. - -7th June, 1666. I sent more chirurgeons, linen, medicaments, etc., to -the several ports in my district. - -8th June, 1666. Dined with me Sir Alexander Fraser, prime physician to -his Majesty; afterward, went on board his Majesty's pleasure-boat, when -I saw the London frigate launched, a most stately ship, built by the -City to supply that which was burnt by accident some time since; the -King, Lord Mayor and Sheriffs, being there with great banquet. - -11th June, 1666. Trinity Monday, after a sermon, applied to the -remeeting of the Corporation of the Trinity-House, after the late raging -and wasting pestilence: I dined with them in their new room in Deptford, -the first time since it was rebuilt. - -15th June, 1666. I went to Chatham.--16th. In the Jemmy yacht (an -incomparable sailer) to sea, arrived by noon at the fleet at the Buoy at -the Nore, dined with Prince Rupert and the General. - -17th June, 1666. Came his Majesty, the Duke, and many Noblemen. After -Council, we went to prayers. My business being dispatched, I returned to -Chatham, having lain but one night in the Royal Charles; we had a -tempestuous sea. I went on shore at Sheerness, where they were building -an arsenal for the fleet, and designing a royal fort with a receptacle -for great ships to ride at anchor; but here I beheld the sad spectacle, -more than half that gallant bulwark of the kingdom miserably shattered, -hardly a vessel entire, but appearing rather so many wrecks and hulls, -so cruelly had the Dutch mangled us. The loss of the Prince, that -gallant vessel, had been a loss to be universally deplored, none knowing -for what reason we first engaged in this ungrateful war; we lost besides -nine or ten more, and near 600 men slain and 1,100 wounded, 2,000 -prisoners; to balance which, perhaps we might destroy eighteen or twenty -of the enemy's ships, and 700 or 800 poor men. - -18th June, 1666. Weary of this sad sight, I returned home. - -2d July, 1666. Came Sir John Duncomb and Mr. Thomas Chicheley, both -Privy Councillors and Commissioners of His Majesty's Ordnance, to visit -me, and let me know that his Majesty had in Council, nominated me to be -one of the Commissioners for regulating the farming and making of -saltpetre through the whole kingdom, and that we were to sit in the -Tower the next day. When they were gone, came to see me Sir John Cotton, -heir to the famous antiquary, Sir Robert Cotton: a pretended great -Grecian, but had by no means the parts, or genius of his grandfather. - -3d July, 1666. I went to sit with the Commissioners at the Tower, where -our commission being read, we made some progress in business, our -Secretary being Sir George Wharton, that famous mathematician who wrote -the yearly Almanac during his Majesty's troubles. Thence, to Painters' -Hall, to our other commission, and dined at my Lord Mayor's. - -4th July, 1666. The solemn Fast-day. Dr. Meggot preached an excellent -discourse before the King on the terrors of God's judgments. After -sermon, I waited on my Lord Archbishop of Canterbury and Bishop of -Winchester, where the Dean of Westminster spoke to me about putting into -my hands the disposal of fifty pounds, which the charitable people of -Oxford had sent to be distributed among the sick and wounded seamen -since the battle. Hence, I went to the Lord Chancellor's to joy him of -his Royal Highness's second son, now born at St. James's; and to desire -the use of the Star-chamber for our Commissioners to meet in, Painters' -Hall not being so convenient. - -12th July, 1666. We sat the first time in the Star-chamber. There was -now added to our commission Sir George Downing (one that had been a -great ... against his Majesty, but now insinuated into his favor; and, -from a pedagogue and fanatic preacher, not worth a groat, had become -excessively rich), to inspect the hospitals and treat about prisons. - -14th July, 1666. Sat at the Tower with Sir J. Duncomb and Lord Berkeley, -to sign deputations for undertakers to furnish their proportions of -saltpetre. - -[Sidenote: LONDON] - -17th July, 1666. To London, to prepare for the next engagement of the -fleets, now gotten to sea again. - -22d July, 1666. Our parish still infected with the contagion. - -25th July, 1666. The fleets engaged. I dined at Lord Berkeley's, at St. -James's, where dined my Lady Harrietta Hyde, Lord Arlington, and Sir -John Duncomb. - -29th July, 1666. The pestilence now fresh increasing in our parish, I -forbore going to church. In the afternoon came tidings of our victory -over the Dutch, sinking some, and driving others aground, and into their -ports. - -1st August, 1666. I went to Dr. Keffler, who married the daughter of the -famous chemist, Drebbell,[4] inventor of the bodied scarlet. I went to -see his iron ovens, made portable (formerly) for the Prince of Orange's -army: supped at the Rhenish Wine-House with divers Scots gentlemen. - - [Footnote 4: Cornelius Van Drebbell, born at Alkmaar, in Holland, in - 1572; but in the reign of Charles I. settled in London, where he - died in 1634. He was famous for other discoveries in science besides - that mentioned by Evelyn--the most important of which was the - thermometer. He also made improvements in microscopes and - telescopes; and though, like many of his scientific contemporaries, - something of an empiric, possessed a considerable knowledge of - chemistry and of different branches of natural philosophy.] - -6th August, 1666. Dined with Mr. Povey, and then went with him to see a -country house he had bought near Brentford; returning by Kensington; -which house stands to a very graceful avenue of trees, but it is an -ordinary building, especially one part. - -8th August, 1666. Dined at Sir Stephen Fox's with several friends and, -on the 10th, with Mr. Odart, Secretary of the Latin tongue. - -17th August, 1666. Dined with the Lord Chancellor, whom I entreated to -visit the Hospital of the Savoy, and reduce it (after the great abuse -that had been continued) to its original institution for the benefit of -the poor, which he promised to do. - -25th August, 1666. Waited on Sir William D'Oyly, now recovered, as it -were, miraculously. In the afternoon, visited the Savoy Hospital, where -I stayed to see the miserably dismembered and wounded men dressed, and -gave some necessary orders. Then to my Lord Chancellor, who had, with -the Bishop of London and others in the commission, chosen me one of the -three surveyors of the repairs of Paul's, and to consider of a model for -the new building, or, if it might be, repairing of the steeple, which -was most decayed. - -26th August, 1666. The contagion still continuing, we had the Church -service at home. - -27th August, 1666. I went to St. Paul's church, where, with Dr. Wren, -Mr. Pratt, Mr. May, Mr. Thomas Chicheley, Mr. Slingsby, the Bishop of -London, the Dean of St. Paul's, and several expert workmen, we went -about to survey the general decays of that ancient and venerable church, -and to set down in writing the particulars of what was fit to be done, -with the charge thereof, giving our opinion from article to article. -Finding the main building to recede outward it was the opinion of -Chicheley and Mr. Pratt that it had been so built _ab origine_ for an -effect in perspective, in regard of the height; but I was, with Dr. -Wren, quite of another judgment, and so we entered it; we plumbed the -uprights in several places. When we came to the steeple, it was -deliberated whether it were not well enough to repair it only on its old -foundation, with reservation to the four pillars; this Mr. Chicheley and -Mr. Pratt were also for, but we totally rejected it, and persisted that -it required a new foundation, not only in regard of the necessity, but -for that the shape of what stood was very mean, and we had a mind to -build it with a noble cupola, a form of church-building not as yet known -in England, but of wonderful grace. For this purpose, we offered to -bring in a plan and estimate, which after much contest, was at last -assented to, and that we should nominate a committee of able workmen to -examine the present foundation. This concluded, we drew all up in -writing, and so went with my Lord Bishop to the Dean's. - -28th August, 1666. Sat at the Star-chamber. Next day, to the Royal -Society, where one Mercator, an excellent mathematician, produced his -rare clock and new motion to perform the equations, and Mr. Rooke, his -new pendulum. - -[Sidenote: LONDON] - -2d September, 1666. This fatal night, about ten, began the deplorable -fire, near Fish street, in London. - -3d September, 1666. I had public prayers at home. The fire continuing, -after dinner, I took coach with my wife and son, and went to the -Bankside in Southwark, where we beheld that dismal spectacle, the whole -city in dreadful flames near the waterside; all the houses from the -Bridge, all Thames street, and upward toward Cheapside, down to the -Three Cranes, were now consumed; and so returned, exceedingly astonished -what would become of the rest. - -The fire having continued all this night (if I may call that night -which was light as day for ten miles round about, after a dreadful -manner), when conspiring with a fierce eastern wind in a very dry -season, I went on foot to the same place; and saw the whole south part -of the city burning from Cheapside to the Thames, and all along Cornhill -(for it likewise kindled back against the wind as well as forward), -Tower street, Fenchurch street, Gracious street, and so along to -Baynard's Castle, and was now taking hold of St. Paul's church, to which -the scaffolds contributed exceedingly. The conflagration was so -universal, and the people so astonished, that, from the beginning, I -know not by what despondency, or fate, they hardly stirred to quench it; -so that there was nothing heard, or seen, but crying out and -lamentation, running about like distracted creatures, without at all -attempting to save even their goods; such a strange consternation there -was upon them, so as it burned both in breadth and length, the churches, -public halls, Exchange, hospitals, monuments, and ornaments; leaping -after a prodigious manner, from house to house, and street to street, at -great distances one from the other. For the heat, with a long set of -fair and warm weather, had even ignited the air, and prepared the -materials to conceive the fire, which devoured, after an incredible -manner, houses, furniture, and every thing. Here, we saw the Thames -covered with goods floating, all the barges and boats laden with what -some had time and courage to save, as, on the other side, the carts, -etc., carrying out to the fields, which for many miles were strewn with -movables of all sorts, and tents erecting to shelter both people and -what goods they could get away. Oh, the miserable and calamitous -spectacle! such as haply the world had not seen since the foundation of -it, nor can be outdone till the universal conflagration thereof. All the -sky was of a fiery aspect, like the top of a burning oven, and the light -seen above forty miles round about for many nights. God grant mine eyes -may never behold the like, who now saw above 10,000 houses all in one -flame! The noise and cracking and thunder of the impetuous flames, the -shrieking of women and children, the hurry of people, the fall of -towers, houses, and churches, was like a hideous storm; and the air all -about so hot and inflamed, that at the last one was not able to approach -it, so that they were forced to stand still, and let the flames burn on, -which they did, for near two miles in length and one in breadth. The -clouds also of smoke were dismal, and reached, upon computation, near -fifty miles in length. Thus, I left it this afternoon burning, a -resemblance of Sodom, or the last day. It forcibly called to my mind -that passage--"_non enim hic habemus stabilem civitatem_"; the ruins -resembling the picture of Troy. London was, but is no more! Thus, I -returned. - -4th September, 1666. The burning still rages, and it is now gotten as -far as the Inner Temple. All Fleet street, the Old Bailey, Ludgate hill, -Warwick lane, Newgate, Paul's chain, Watling street, now flaming, and -most of it reduced to ashes; the stones of Paul's flew like grenados, -the melting lead running down the streets in a stream, and the very -pavements glowing with fiery redness, so as no horse, nor man, was able -to tread on them, and the demolition had stopped all the passages, so -that no help could be applied. The eastern wind still more impetuously -driving the flames forward. Nothing but the Almighty power of God was -able to stop them; for vain was the help of man. - -5th September, 1666. It crossed toward Whitehall; but oh! the confusion -there was then at that Court! It pleased his Majesty to command me, -among the rest, to look after the quenching of Fetter-lane end, to -preserve (if possible) that part of Holborn, while the rest of the -gentlemen took their several posts, some at one part, and some at -another (for now they began to bestir themselves, and not till now, who -hitherto had stood as men intoxicated, with their hands across), and -began to consider that nothing was likely to put a stop but the blowing -up of so many houses as might make a wider gap than any had yet been -made by the ordinary method of pulling them down with engines. This some -stout seamen proposed early enough to have saved near the whole city, -but this some tenacious and avaricious men, aldermen, etc., would not -permit, because their houses must have been of the first. It was, -therefore, now commended to be practiced; and my concern being -particularly for the Hospital of St. Bartholomew, near Smithfield, where -I had many wounded and sick men, made me the more diligent to promote -it; nor was my care for the Savoy less. It now pleased God, by abating -the wind, and by the industry of the people, when almost all was lost -infusing a new spirit into them, that the fury of it began sensibly to -abate about noon, so as it came no farther than the Temple westward, nor -than the entrance of Smithfield, north: but continued all this day and -night so impetuous toward Cripplegate and the Tower, as made us all -despair. It also broke out again in the temple; but the courage of the -multitude persisting, and many houses being blown up, such gaps and -desolations were soon made, as, with the former three days' consumption, -the back fire did not so vehemently urge upon the rest as formerly. -There was yet no standing near the burning and glowing ruins by near a -furlong's space. - -The coal and wood wharfs, and magazines of oil, rosin, etc., did -infinite mischief, so as the invective which a little before I had -dedicated to his Majesty and published,[5] giving warning what probably -might be the issue of suffering those shops to be in the city was looked -upon as a prophecy. - - [Footnote 5: The _Fumifugium_.] - -The poor inhabitants were dispersed about St. George's Fields, and -Moorfields, as far as Highgate, and several miles in circle, some under -tents, some under miserable huts and hovels, many without a rag, or any -necessary utensils, bed or board, who from delicateness, riches, and -easy accommodations in stately and well-furnished houses, were now -reduced to extreme misery and poverty. - -In this calamitous condition, I returned with a sad heart to my house, -blessing and adoring the distinguishing mercy of God to me and mine, -who, in the midst of all this ruin, was like Lot, in my little Zoar, -safe and sound. - -6th September, 1666. Thursday. I represented to his Majesty the case of -the French prisoners at war in my custody, and besought him that there -might be still the same care of watching at all places contiguous to -unseized houses. It is not indeed imaginable how extraordinary the -vigilance and activity of the King and the Duke was, even laboring in -person, and being present to command, order, reward, or encourage -workmen; by which he showed his affection to his people, and gained -theirs. Having, then, disposed of some under cure at the Savoy, I -returned to Whitehall, where I dined at Mr. Offley's, the groom-porter, -who was my relation. - -[Sidenote: LONDON] - -7th September, 1666. I went this morning on foot from Whitehall as far -as London Bridge, through the late Fleet street, Ludgate hill by St. -Paul's, Cheapside, Exchange, Bishops-gate, Aldersgate, and out to -Moorfields, thence through Cornhill, etc., with extraordinary -difficulty, clambering over heaps of yet smoking rubbish, and frequently -mistaking where I was; the ground under my feet so hot, that it even -burnt the soles of my shoes. In the meantime, his Majesty got to the -Tower by water, to demolish the houses about the graff, which, being -built entirely about it, had they taken fire and attacked the White -Tower, where the magazine of powder lay, would undoubtedly not only have -beaten down and destroyed all the bridge, but sunk and torn the vessels -in the river, and rendered the demolition beyond all expression for -several miles about the country. - -At my return, I was infinitely concerned to find that goodly Church, -St. Paul's--now a sad ruin, and that beautiful portico (for structure -comparable to any in Europe, as not long before repaired by the late -King) now rent in pieces, flakes of large stones split asunder, and -nothing remaining entire but the inscription in the architrave showing -by whom it was built, which had not one letter of it defaced! It was -astonishing to see what immense stones the heat had in a manner -calcined, so that all the ornaments, columns, friezes, capitals, and -projectures of massy Portland stone, flew off, even to the very roof, -where a sheet of lead covering a great space (no less than six acres by -measure) was totally melted. The ruins of the vaulted roof falling, -broke into St. Faith's, which being filled with the magazines of books -belonging to the Stationers, and carried thither for safety, they were -all consumed, burning for a week following. It is also observable that -the lead over the altar at the east end was untouched, and among the -divers monuments the body of one bishop remained entire. Thus lay in -ashes that most venerable church, one of the most ancient pieces of -early piety in the Christian world, besides near one hundred more. The -lead, ironwork, bells, plate, etc., melted, the exquisitely wrought -Mercers' Chapel, the sumptuous Exchange, the august fabric of Christ -Church, all the rest of the Companies' Halls, splendid buildings, -arches, entries, all in dust; the fountains dried up and ruined, while -the very waters remained boiling; the voragos of subterranean cellars, -wells, and dungeons, formerly warehouses, still burning in stench and -dark clouds of smoke; so that in five or six miles traversing about I -did not see one load of timber unconsumed, nor many stones but what were -calcined white as snow. - -The people, who now walked about the ruins, appeared like men in some -dismal desert, or rather, in some great city laid waste by a cruel -enemy; to which was added the stench that came from some poor creatures' -bodies, beds, and other combustible goods. Sir Thomas Gresham's statue, -though fallen from its niche in the Royal Exchange, remained entire, -when all those of the Kings since the Conquest were broken to pieces. -Also the standard in Cornhill, and Queen Elizabeth's effigies, with some -arms on Ludgate, continued with but little detriment, while the vast -iron chains of the city streets, hinges, bars, and gates of prisons, -were many of them melted and reduced to cinders by the vehement heat. -Nor was I yet able to pass through any of the narrow streets, but kept -the widest; the ground and air, smoke and fiery vapor, continued so -intense, that my hair was almost singed, and my feet insufferably -surbated. The by-lanes and narrow streets were quite filled up with -rubbish; nor could one have possibly known where he was, but by the -ruins of some Church, or Hall, that had some remarkable tower, or -pinnacle remaining. - -I then went towards Islington and Highgate, where one might have seen -200,000 people of all ranks and degrees dispersed, and lying along by -their heaps of what they could save from the fire, deploring their loss; -and, though ready to perish for hunger and destitution, yet not asking -one penny for relief, which to me appeared a stranger sight than any I -had yet beheld. His Majesty and Council indeed took all imaginable care -for their relief, by proclamation for the country to come in, and -refresh them with provisions. - -In the midst of all this calamity and confusion, there was, I know not -how, an alarm begun that the French and Dutch, with whom we were now in -hostility, were not only landed, but even entering the city. There was, -in truth, some days before, great suspicion of those two nations -joining; and now that they had been the occasion of firing the town. -This report did so terrify, that on a sudden there was such an uproar -and tumult that they ran from their goods, and, taking what weapons they -could come at, they could not be stopped from falling on some of those -nations whom they casually met, without sense or reason. The clamor and -peril grew so excessive, that it made the whole Court amazed, and they -did with infinite pains and great difficulty, reduce and appease the -people, sending troops of soldiers and guards, to cause them to retire -into the fields again, where they were watched all this night. I left -them pretty quiet, and came home sufficiently weary and broken. Their -spirits thus a little calmed, and the affright abated, they now began to -repair into the suburbs about the city, where such as had friends, or -opportunity, got shelter for the present to which his Majesty's -proclamation also invited them. - -Still, the plague continuing in our parish, I could not, without danger, -adventure to our church. - -10th September, 1666. I went again to the ruins; for it was now no -longer a city. - -13th September, 1666. I presented his Majesty with a survey of the -ruins, and a plot for a new city, with a discourse on it; whereupon, -after dinner, his Majesty sent for me into the Queen's bed-chamber, her -Majesty and the Duke only being present. They examined each particular, -and discoursed on them for near an hour, seeming to be extremely pleased -with what I had so early thought on. The Queen was now in her cavalier -riding-habit, hat and feather, and horseman's coat, going to take the -air. - -16th September, 1666. I went to Greenwich Church, where Mr. Plume -preached very well from this text: "Seeing, then, all these things shall -be dissolved," etc.: taking occasion from the late unparalleled -conflagration to remind us how we ought to walk more holy in all manner -of conversation. - -27th September, 1666. Dined at Sir William D'Oyly's, with that worthy -gentleman, Sir John Holland, of Suffolk. - -10th October, 1666. This day was ordered a general Fast through the -Nation, to humble us on the late dreadful conflagration, added to the -plague and war, the most dismal judgments that could be inflicted; but -which indeed we highly deserved for our prodigious ingratitude, burning -lusts, dissolute court, profane and abominable lives, under such -dispensations of God's continued favor in restoring Church, Prince, and -People from our late intestine calamities, of which we were altogether -unmindful, even to astonishment. This made me resolve to go to our -parish assembly, where our Doctor preached on Luke xix. 41: piously -applying it to the occasion. After which, was a collection for the -distressed losers in the late fire. - -18th October, 1666. To Court. It being the first time his Majesty put -himself solemnly into the Eastern fashion of vest, changing doublet, -stiff collar, bands and cloak, into a comely dress, after the Persian -mode, with girdles or straps, and shoestrings and garters into buckles, -of which some were set with precious stones[6] resolving never to alter -it, and to leave the French mode, which had hitherto obtained to our -great expense and reproach. Upon which, divers courtiers and gentlemen -gave his Majesty gold by way of wager that he would not persist in this -resolution. I had sometime before presented an invective against that -unconstancy, and our so much affecting the French fashion, to his -Majesty; in which I took occasion to describe the comeliness and -usefulness of the Persian clothing, in the very same manner his Majesty -now clad himself. This pamphlet I entitled "_Tyrannus, or the Mode_," -and gave it to the King to read. I do not impute to this discourse the -change which soon happened, but it was an identity that I could not but -take notice of. - - [Footnote 6: This costume was shortly after abandoned, and laid - aside; nor does any existing portrait exhibit the King so - accoutered.] - -This night was acted my Lord Broghill's tragedy, called "_Mustapha_," -before their Majesties at Court, at which I was present; very seldom -going to the public theatres for many reasons now, as they were abused -to an atheistical liberty; foul and indecent women now (and never till -now) permitted to appear and act, who inflaming several young noblemen -and gallants, became their misses, and to some, their wives. Witness the -Earl of Oxford, Sir R. Howard, Prince Rupert, the Earl of Dorset, and -another greater person than any of them, who fell into their snares, to -the reproach of their noble families, and ruin of both body and soul.[7] -I was invited by my Lord Chamberlain to see this tragedy, exceedingly -well written, though in my mind I did not approve of any such pastime in -a time of such judgments and calamities. - - [Footnote 7: Among the principal offenders here aimed at were Mrs. - Margaret Hughes, Mrs. Eleanor Gwynne, Mrs. Davenport, Mrs. Uphill, - Mrs. Davis, and Mrs. Knight. Mrs. Davenport (Roxolana) was "my Lord - Oxford's Miss;" Mrs. Uphill was the actress alluded to in connection - with Sir R. Howard; Mrs. Hughes ensnared Prince Rupert; and the last - of the "misses" referred to by Evelyn was Nell Gwynne.] - -21st October, 1666. This season, after so long and extraordinary a -drought in August and September, as if preparatory for the dreadful -fire, was so very wet and rainy as many feared an ensuing famine. - -28th October, 1666. The pestilence, through God's mercy, began now to -abate considerably in our town. - -[Sidenote: LONDON] - -30th October, 1666. To London to our office, and now had I on the vest -and surcoat, or tunic, as it was called, after his Majesty had brought -the whole court to it. It was a comely and manly habit, too good to -hold, it being impossible for us in good earnest to leave the Monsieurs' -vanities long. - -31st October, 1666. I heard the signal cause of my Lord Cleveland -pleaded before the House of Lords; and was this day forty-six years of -age, wonderfully protected by the mercies of God, for which I render him -immortal thanks. - -14th November, 1666. I went my winter circle through my district, -Rochester and other places, where I had men quartered, and in custody. - -15th November, 1666. To Leeds Castle. - -16th November, 1666. I mustered the prisoners, being about 600 Dutch and -French, ordered their proportion of bread to be augmented and provided -clothes and fuel. Monsieur Colbert, Ambassador at the Court of England, -this day sent money from his master, the French King, to every prisoner -of that nation under my guard. - -17th November, 1666. I returned to Chatham, my chariot overturning on -the steep of Bexley Hill, wounded me in two places on the head; my son, -Jack, being with me, was like to have been worse cut by the glass; but I -thank God we both escaped without much hurt, though not without -exceeding danger. - -18th November, 1666. At Rochester. - -19th November, 1666. Returned home. - -23d November, 1666. At London, I heard an extraordinary case before a -Committee of the whole House of Commons, in the Commons' House of -Parliament, between one Captain Taylor and my Lord Viscount Mordaunt, -where, after the lawyers had pleaded and the witnesses been examined, -such foul and dishonorable things were produced against his Lordship, of -tyranny during his government of Windsor Castle, of which he was -Constable, incontinence, and suborning witnesses (of which last, one Sir -Richard Breames was most concerned), that I was exceedingly interested -for his Lordship, who was my special friend, and husband of the most -virtuous lady in the world. We sat till near ten at night, and yet but -half the counsel had done on behalf of the plaintiff. The question then -was put for bringing in of lights to sit longer. This lasted so long -before it was determined, and raised such a confused noise among the -members, that a stranger would have been astonished at it. I admire that -there is not a rationale to regulate such trifling accidents, which -consume much time, and is a reproach to the gravity of so great an -assembly of sober men. - -27th November, 1666. Sir Hugh Pollard, Comptroller of the Household, -died at Whitehall, and his Majesty conferred the white staff on my -brother Commissioner for sick and wounded, Sir Thomas Clifford, a bold -young gentleman, of a small fortune in Devon, but advanced by Lord -Arlington, Secretary of State, to the great astonishment of all the -Court. This gentleman was somewhat related to me by the marriage of his -mother to my nearest kinsman, Gregory Coale, and was ever my noble -friend, a valiant and daring person, but by no means fit for a supple -and flattering courtier. - -28th November, 1666. Went to see Clarendon House, now almost finished, a -goodly pile to see, but had many defects as to the architecture, yet -placed most gracefully. After this, I waited on the Lord Chancellor, who -was now at Berkshire House, since the burning of London. - -2d December, 1666. Dined with me Monsieur Kiviet, a Dutch -gentleman-pensioner of Rotterdam, who came over for protection, being of -the Prince of Orange's party, now not welcome in Holland. The King -knighted him for some merit in the Prince's behalf. He should, if -caught, have been beheaded with Monsieur Buat, and was brother-in-law to -Van Tromp, the sea-general. With him came Mr. Gabriel Sylvius, and Mr. -Williamson, secretary to Lord Arlington; M. Kiviet came to examine -whether the soil about the river of Thames would be proper to make -clinker bricks, and to treat with me about some accommodation in order -to it. - -9th January, 1666-67. To the Royal Society, which since the sad -conflagration were invited by Mr. Howard to sit at Arundel-House in the -Strand, who at my instigation likewise bestowed on the Society that -noble library which his grandfather especially, and his ancestors had -collected. This gentleman had so little inclination to books, that it -was the preservation of them from embezzlement. - -24th January, 1667. Visited my Lord Clarendon, and presented my son, -John, to him, now preparing to go to Oxford, of which his Lordship was -Chancellor. This evening I heard rare Italian voices, two eunuchs and -one woman, in his Majesty's green chamber, next his cabinet. - -[Sidenote: LONDON] - -29th January, 1667. To London, in order to my son's Oxford journey, who, -being very early entered both in Latin and Greek, and prompt to learn -beyond most of his age, I was persuaded to trust him under the tutorage -of Mr. Bohun, Fellow of New College, who had been his preceptor in my -house some years before; but, at Oxford, under the inspection of Dr. -Bathurst, President of Trinity College, where I placed him, not as yet -thirteen years old. He was newly out of long coats.[8] - - [Footnote 8: In illustration of the garb which succeeded the "long - coats" out of which lads of twelve or thirteen were thus suffered to - emerge, it may be mentioned that there hung, some years ago, and - perhaps may hang still, upon the walls of the Swan Inn at - Leatherhead in Surrey, a picture of four children, dates of birth - between 1640 and 1650, of whom a lad of about the age of young - Evelyn is represented in a coat reaching to his ankles.] - -15th February, 1667. My little book, in answer to Sir George Mackenzie -on Solitude, was now published, entitled "Public Employment, and an -active Life with its Appanages, preferred to Solitude."[9] - - [Footnote 9: Reprinted in "Miscellaneous Writings," pp. 501-509. In - a letter to Cowley, 12th March, 1666, Evelyn apologises for having - written against that life which he had joined with Mr. Cowley in so - much admiring, assuring him he neither was nor could be serious in - avowing such a preference.] - -18th February, 1667. I was present at a magnificent ball, or masque, in -the theatre at the Court, where their Majesties and all the great lords -and ladies danced, infinitely gallant, the men in their richly -embroidered, most becoming vests. - -19th February, 1667. I saw a comedy acted at Court. In the afternoon, I -witnessed a wrestling match for £1,000 in St. James's Park, before his -Majesty, a vast assemblage of lords and other spectators, between the -western and northern men, Mr. Secretary Morice and Lord Gerard being the -judges. The western men won. Many great sums were betted. - -6th March, 1667. I proposed to my Lord Chancellor, Monsieur Kiviet's -undertaking to wharf the whole river of Thames, or quay, from the Temple -to the Tower, as far as the fire destroyed, with brick, without piles, -both lasting and ornamental.--Great frosts, snow and winds, prodigious -at the vernal equinox; indeed it had been a year of prodigies in this -nation, plague, war, fire, rain, tempest and comet. - -14th March, 1667. Saw "The Virgin Queen,"[10] a play written by Mr. -Dryden. - - [Footnote 10: The VIRGIN QUEEN which Evelyn saw was Dryden's MAIDEN - QUEEN. Pepys saw it on the night of its first production (twelve - days before Evelyn's visit); and was charmed by Nell Gwynne's - Florimell. "So great a performance of a comical part was never, I - believe, in the world before."] - -22d March, 1667. Dined at Mr. Secretary Morice's, who showed me his -library, which was a well chosen collection. This afternoon, I had -audience of his Majesty, concerning the proposal I had made of building -the quay. - -26th March, 1667. Sir John Kiviet dined with me. We went to search for -brick-earth, in order to a great undertaking. - -4th April, 1667. The cold so intense, that there was hardly a leaf on a -tree. - -18th April, 1667. I went to make court to the Duke and Duchess of -Newcastle, at their house in Clerkenwell, being newly come out of the -north. They received me with great kindness, and I was much pleased with -the extraordinary fanciful habit, garb, and discourse of the Duchess. - -22d April, 1667. Saw the sumptuous supper in the banqueting-house at -Whitehall, on the eve of St. George's day, where were all the companions -of the Order of the Garter. - -23d April, 1667. In the morning, his Majesty went to chapel with the -Knights of the Garter, all in their habits and robes, ushered by the -heralds; after the first service, they went in procession, the youngest -first, the Sovereign last, with the Prelate of the Order and Dean, who -had about his neck the book of the Statutes of the Order; and then the -Chancellor of the Order (old Sir Henry de Vic), who wore the purse about -his neck; then the Heralds and Garter King-at-Arms, Clarencieux, Black -Rod. But before the Prelate and Dean of Windsor went the gentlemen of -the chapel and choristers, singing as they marched; behind them two -doctors of music in damask robes; this procession was about the courts -at Whitehall. Then, returning to their stalls and seats in the chapel, -placed under each knight's coat-armor and titles, the second service -began. Then, the King offered at the altar, an anthem was sung; then, -the rest of the Knights offered, and lastly proceeded to the -banqueting-house to a great feast. The King sat on an elevated throne at -the upper end at a table alone; the Knights at a table on the right -hand, reaching all the length of the room; over against them a cupboard -of rich gilded plate; at the lower end, the music; on the balusters -above, wind music, trumpets, and kettle-drums. The King was served by -the lords and pensioners who brought up the dishes. About the middle of -the dinner, the Knights drank the King's health, then the King, theirs, -when the trumpets and music played and sounded, the guns going off at -the Tower. At the Banquet, came in the Queen, and stood by the King's -left hand, but did not sit. Then was the banqueting-stuff flung about -the room profusely. In truth, the crowd was so great, that though I -stayed all the supper the day before, I now stayed no longer than this -sport began, for fear of disorder. The cheer was extraordinary, each -Knight having forty dishes to his mess, piled up five or six high; the -room hung with the richest tapestry. - -25th April, 1667. Visited again the Duke of Newcastle, with whom I had -been acquainted long before in France, where the Duchess had obligation -to my wife's mother for her marriage there; she was sister to Lord -Lucas, and maid of honor then to the Queen-Mother; married in our chapel -at Paris. My wife being with me, the Duke and Duchess both would needs -bring her to the very Court. - -26th April, 1667. My Lord Chancellor showed me all his newly finished -and furnished palace and library; then, we went to take the air in -Hyde-Park. - -27th April, 1667. I had a great deal of discourse with his Majesty at -dinner. In the afternoon, I went again with my wife to the Duchess of -Newcastle, who received her in a kind of transport, suitable to her -extravagant humor and dress, which was very singular. - -8th May, 1667. Made up accounts with our Receiver, which amounted to -£33,936 1s. 4d. Dined at Lord Cornbury's, with Don Francisco de Melos, -Portugal Ambassador, and kindred to the Queen: Of the party were Mr. -Henry Jermyn and Sir Henry Capel. Afterward I went to Arundel House, to -salute Mr. Howard's sons, newly returned out of France. - -[Sidenote: LONDON] - -11th May, 1667. To London; dined with the Duke of Newcastle, and sat -discoursing with her Grace in her bedchamber after dinner, till my Lord -Marquis of Dorchester, with other company came in, when I went away. - -30th May, 1667. To London, to wait on the Duchess of Newcastle (who was -a mighty pretender to learning, poetry, and philosophy, and had in both -published divers books) to the Royal Society, whither she came in great -pomp, and being received by our Lord President at the door of our -meeting-room, the mace, etc., carried before him, had several -experiments shown to her. I conducted her Grace to her coach, and -returned home. - -1st June, 1667. I went to Greenwich, where his Majesty was trying divers -grenadoes shot out of cannon at the Castlehill, from the house in the -park; they broke not till they hit the mark, the forged ones broke not -at all, but the cast ones very well. The inventor was a German there -present. At the same time, a ring was shown to the King, pretended to be -a projection of mercury, and malleable, and said by the gentlemen to be -fixed by the juice of a plant. - -8th June, 1667. To London, alarmed by the Dutch, who were fallen on our -fleet at Chatham, by a most audacious enterprise, entering the very -river with part of their fleet, doing us not only disgrace, but -incredible mischief in burning several of our best men-of-war lying at -anchor and moored there, and all this through our unaccountable -negligence in not setting out our fleet in due time. This alarm caused -me, fearing the enemy might venture up the Thames even to London (which -they might have done with ease, and fired all the vessels in the river, -too), to send away my best goods, plate, etc., from my house to another -place. The alarm was so great that it put both country and city into -fear, panic, and consternation, such as I hope I shall never see more; -everybody was flying, none knew why or whither. Now, there were land -forces dispatched with the Duke of Albemarle, Lord Middleton, Prince -Rupert, and the Duke, to hinder the Dutch coming to Chatham, fortifying -Upnor Castle, and laying chains and bombs; but the resolute enemy broke -through all, and set fire on our ships, and retreated in spite, stopping -up the Thames, the rest of the fleet lying before the mouth of it. - -14th June, 1667. I went to see the work at Woolwich, a battery to -prevent them coming up to London, which Prince Rupert commanded, and -sunk some ships in the river. - -17th June, 1667. This night, about two o'clock, some chips and -combustible matter prepared for some fire-ships, taking flame in -Deptford-yard, made such a blaze, and caused such an uproar in the Tower -(it being given out that the Dutch fleet was come up, and had landed -their men and fired the Tower), as had liked to have done more mischief -before people would be persuaded to the contrary and believe the -accident. Everybody went to their arms. These were sad and troublesome -times. - -24th June, 1667. The Dutch fleet still continuing to stop up the river, -so as nothing could stir out or come in, I was before the Council, and -commanded by his Majesty to go with some others and search about the -environs of the city, now exceedingly distressed for want of fuel, -whether there could be any peat, or turf, found fit for use. The next -day, I went and discovered enough, and made my report that there might -be found a great deal; but nothing further was done in it. - -[Sidenote: CHATHAM] - -28th June, 1667. I went to Chatham, and thence to view not only what -mischief the Dutch had done; but how triumphantly their whole fleet lay -within the very mouth of the Thames, all from the North Foreland, -Margate, even to the buoy of the Nore--a dreadful spectacle as ever -Englishmen saw, and a dishonor never to be wiped off! Those who advised -his Majesty to prepare no fleet this spring deserved--I know -what--but[11]-- - - [Footnote 11: "The Parliament giving but weak supplies for the war, - the King, to save charges, is persuaded by the Chancellor, the Lord - Treasurer, Southampton, the Duke of Albemarle, and the other - ministers, to lay up the first and second-rate ships, and make only - a defensive war in the next campaign. The Duke of York opposed this, - but was overruled." Life of King James II., vol. i., p. 425.] - -Here in the river off Chatham, just before the town, lay the carcase of -the "London" (now the third time burnt), the "Royal Oak," the "James," -etc., yet smoking; and now, when the mischief was done, we were making -trifling forts on the brink of the river. Here were yet forces, both of -horse and foot, with General Middleton continually expecting the motions -of the enemy's fleet. I had much discourse with him, who was an -experienced commander, I told him I wondered the King did not fortify -Sheerness[12] and the Ferry; both abandoned. - - [Footnote 12: Since done. Evelyn's note.] - -2d July, 1667. Called upon my Lord Arlington, as from his Majesty, about -the new fuel. The occasion why I was mentioned, was from what I said in -my _Sylva_ three years before, about a sort of fuel for a need, which -obstructed a patent of Lord Carlingford, who had been seeking for it -himself; he was endeavoring to bring me into the project, and proffered -me a share. I met my Lord; and, on the 9th, by an order of Council, went -to my Lord Mayor, to be assisting. In the meantime they had made an -experiment of my receipt of _houllies_, which I mention in my book to be -made at Maestricht, with a mixture of charcoal dust and loam, and which -was tried with success at Gresham College (then being the exchange for -the meeting of the merchants since the fire) for everybody to see. This -done, I went to the Treasury for £12,000 for the sick and wounded yet on -my hands. - -Next day, we met again about the fuel at Sir J. Armourer's in the Mews. - -8th July, 1667. My Lord Brereton and others dined at my house, where I -showed them proof of my new fuel, which was very glowing, and without -smoke or ill smell. - -10th July, 1667. I went to see Sir Samuel Morland's inventions and -machines, arithmetical wheels, quench-fires, and new harp. - -17th July, 1667. The master of the mint and his lady, Mr. Williamson, -Sir Nicholas Armourer, Sir Edward Bowyer, Sir Anthony Auger, and other -friends dined with me. - -19th July, 1667. I went to Gravesend; the Dutch fleet still at anchor -before the river, where I saw five of his Majesty's men-at-war encounter -above twenty of the Dutch, in the bottom of the Hope, chasing them with -many broadsides given and returned toward the buoy of the Nore, where -the body of their fleet lay, which lasted till about midnight. One of -their ships was fired, supposed by themselves, she being run on ground. -Having seen this bold action, and their braving us so far up the river, -I went home the next day, not without indignation at our negligence, and -the nation's reproach. It is well known who of the Commissioners of the -Treasury gave advice that the charge of setting forth a fleet this year -might be spared, Sir W. C. (William Coventry) by name. - -1st August, 1667. I received the sad news of Abraham Cowley's death, -that incomparable poet and virtuous man, my very dear friend, and was -greatly deplored. - -[Sidenote: LONDON] - -3d August, 1667. Went to Mr. Cowley's funeral, whose corpse lay at -Wallingford House, and was thence conveyed to Westminster Abbey in a -hearse with six horses and all funeral decency, near a hundred coaches -of noblemen and persons of quality following; among these, all the wits -of the town, divers bishops and clergymen. He was interred next Geoffry -Chaucer, and near Spenser. A goodly monument is since erected to his -memory. - -Now did his Majesty again dine in the presence, in ancient state, with -music and all the court ceremonies, which had been interrupted since the -late war. - -8th August, 1667. Visited Mr. Oldenburg, a close prisoner in the Tower, -being suspected of writing intelligence. I had an order from Lord -Arlington, Secretary of State, which caused me to be admitted. This -gentleman was secretary to our Society, and I am confident will prove an -innocent person. - -15th August, 1667. Finished my account, amounting to £25,000. - -17th August, 1667. To the funeral of Mr. Farringdon, a relation of my -wife's. - -There was now a very gallant horse to be baited to death with dogs; but -he fought them all, so as the fiercest of them could not fasten on him, -till the men run him through with their swords. This wicked and -barbarous sport deserved to have been punished in the cruel contrivers -to get money, under pretense that the horse had killed a man, which was -false. I would not be persuaded to be a spectator. - -21st August, 1667. Saw the famous Italian puppet-play, for it was no -other. - -24th August, 1667. I was appointed, with the rest of my brother -commissioners, to put in execution an order of Council for freeing the -prisoners at war in my custody at Leeds Castle, and taking off his -Majesty's extraordinary charge, having called before us the French and -Dutch agents. The peace was now proclaimed, in the usual form, by the -heralds-at-arms. - -25th August, 1667. After evening service, I went to visit Mr. Vaughan, -who lay at Greenwich, a very wise and learned person, one of Mr. -Selden's executors and intimate friends. - -27th August, 1667. Visited the Lord Chancellor, to whom his Majesty had -sent for the seals a few days before; I found him in his bedchamber, -very sad. The Parliament had accused him, and he had enemies at Court, -especially the buffoons and ladies of pleasure, because he thwarted some -of them, and stood in their way; I could name some of the chief. The -truth is, he made few friends during his grandeur among the royal -sufferers, but advanced the old rebels. He was, however, though no -considerable lawyer, one who kept up the form and substance of things in -the Nation with more solemnity than some would have had. He was my -particular kind friend, on all occasions. The cabal, however, prevailed, -and that party in Parliament. Great division at Court concerning him, -and divers great persons interceding for him. - -28th August, 1667. I dined with my late Lord Chancellor, where also -dined Mr. Ashburnham, and Mr. W. Legge, of the bedchamber; his Lordship -pretty well in heart, though now many of his friends and sycophants -abandoned him. - -In the afternoon, to the Lords Commissioners for money, and thence to -the audience of a Russian Envoy in the Queen's presence-chamber, -introduced with much state, the soldiers, pensioners, and guards in -their order. His letters of credence brought by his secretary in a scarf -of sarsenet, their vests sumptuous, much embroidered with pearls. He -delivered his speech in the Russ language, but without the least action, -or motion, of his body, which was immediately interpreted aloud by a -German that spoke good English: half of it consisted in repetition of -the Czar's titles, which were very haughty and oriental: the substance -of the rest was, that he was only sent to see the King and Queen, and -know how they did, with much compliment and frothy language. Then, they -kissed their Majesties' hands, and went as they came; but their real -errand was to get money. - -29th August, 1667. We met at the Star-chamber about exchange and release -of prisoners. - -7th September, 1667. Came Sir John Kiviet, to article with me about his -brickwork. - -13th September, 1667. Between the hours of twelve and one, was born my -second daughter, who was afterward christened Elizabeth. - -[Sidenote: LONDON] - -19th September, 1667. To London, with Mr. Henry Howard, of Norfolk, of -whom I obtained the gift of his Arundelian marbles, those celebrated and -famous inscriptions, Greek and Latin, gathered with so much cost and -industry from Greece, by his illustrious grandfather, the magnificent -Earl of Arundel, my noble friend while he lived. When I saw these -precious monuments miserably neglected, and scattered up and down about -the garden, and other parts of Arundel House, and how exceedingly the -corrosive air of London impaired them, I procured him to bestow them on -the University of Oxford. This he was pleased to grant me; and now gave -me the key of the gallery, with leave to mark all those stones, urns, -altars, etc., and whatever I found had inscriptions on them, that were -not statues. This I did; and getting them removed and piled together, -with those which were incrusted in the garden walls, I sent immediately -letters to the Vice-Chancellor of what I had procured, and that if they -esteemed it a service to the University (of which I had been a member), -they should take order for their transportation. - -This done 21st, I accompanied Mr. Howard to his villa at Albury, where I -designed for him the plot of his canal and garden, with a crypt through -the hill. - -24th September, 1667. Returned to London, where I had orders to deliver -the possession of Chelsea College (used as my prison during the war with -Holland for such as were sent from the fleet to London) to our Society, -as a gift of his Majesty, our founder. - -8th October, 1667. Came to dine with me Dr. Bathurst, Dean of Wells, -President of Trinity College, sent by the Vice-Chancellor of Oxford, in -the name both of him and the whole University, to thank me for procuring -the inscriptions, and to receive my directions what was to be done to -show their gratitude to Mr. Howard. - -11th October, 1667. I went to see Lord Clarendon, late Lord Chancellor -and greatest officer in England, in continual apprehension what the -Parliament would determine concerning him. - -17th October, 1667. Came Dr. Barlow, Provost of Queen's College and -Protobibliothecus of the Bodleian library, to take order about the -transportation of the marbles. - -25th October, 1667. There were delivered to me two letters from the -Vice-Chancellor of Oxford, with the Decree of the Convocation, attested -by the Public Notary, ordering four Doctors of Divinity and Law to -acknowledge the obligation the University had to me for procuring the -_Marmora Arundeliana_, which was solemnly done by Dr. Barlow, Dr. -Jenkins, Judge of the Admiralty, Dr. Lloyd, and Obadiah Walker, of -University College, who having made a large compliment from the -University, delivered me the decree fairly written; - - _Gesta venerabili domo Convocationis Universitatis Oxon.; . . 17. - 1667. Quo die retulit ad Senatum Academicum Dominus - Vicecancellarius, quantum Universitas deberet singulari benevolentiĉ - Johannis Evelini Armigeri, qui pro eâ pietate quâ Almam Matrem - prosequitur non solum Suasu et Consilio apud inclytum Heroem - Henricum Howard, Ducis Norfolciĉ hĉredem, intercessit, et - Universitati pretiosissimum eruditĉ antiquitatis thesaurum Marmora - Arundeliana largiretur; sed egregium insuper in ijs colligendis - asservandisq; navavit operam: Quapropter unanimi suffragio - Venerabilis Domûs decretum est, at eidem publicĉ gratiĉ per - delegatos ad Honoratissimum Dominum Henricum Howard propediem - mittendos solemnitèr reddantur. - - Concordant superscripta cum originali collatione fâcta per me Ben. - Cooper, - - Notarium Publicum et Registarium Universitat Oxon._ - - "SIR: - - "We intend also a noble inscription, in which also honorable mention - shall be made of yourself; but Mr. Vice-Chancellor commands me to - tell you that that was not sufficient for your merits; but, that if - your occasions would permit you to come down at the Act (when we - intend a dedication of our new Theater), some other testimony should - be given both of your own worth and affection to this your old - mother; for we are all very sensible that this great addition of - learning and reputation to the University is due as well to your - industrious care for the University, and interest with my Lord - Howard, as to his great nobleness and generosity of spirit. - - "I am, Sir, your most humble servant, - - "OBADIAH WALKER, Univ. Coll." - -The Vice-Chancellor's letter to the same effect was too vainglorious to -insert, with divers copies of verses that were also sent me. Their -mentioning me in the inscription I totally declined, when I directed the -titles of Mr. Howard, now made Lord, upon his Ambassage to Morocco. - -These four doctors, having made me this compliment, desired me to carry -and introduce them to Mr. Howard, at Arundel House; which I did, Dr. -Barlow (Provost of Queen's) after a short speech, delivering a larger -letter of the University's thanks, which was written in Latin, -expressing the great sense they had of the honor done them. After this -compliment handsomely performed and as nobly received, Mr. Howard -accompanied the doctors to their coach. That evening I supped with them. - -26th October, 1667. My late Lord Chancellor was accused by Mr. Seymour -in the House of Commons; and, in the evening, I returned home. - -31st October, 1667. My birthday--blessed be God for all his mercies! I -made the Royal Society a present of the Table of Veins, Arteries, and -Nerves, which great curiosity I had caused to be made in Italy, out of -the natural human bodies, by a learned physician, and the help of -Veslingius (professor at Padua), from whence I brought them in 1646. For -this I received the public thanks of the Society; and they are hanging -up in their repository with an inscription. - -9th December, 1667. To visit the late Lord Chancellor.[13] I found him -in his garden at his new-built palace, sitting in his gout wheel-chair, -and seeing the gates setting up toward the north and the fields. He -looked and spake very disconsolately. After some while deploring his -condition to me, I took my leave. Next morning, I heard he was gone; -though I am persuaded that, had he gone sooner, though but to Cornbury, -and there lain quiet, it would have satisfied the Parliament. That which -exasperated them was his presuming to stay and contest the accusation as -long as it was possible: and they were on the point of sending him to -the Tower. - - [Footnote 13: This entry of the 9th December, 1667, is a mistake. - Evelyn could not have visited the "late Lord Chancellor" on that - day. Lord Clarendon fled on Saturday, the 29th of November, 1667, - and his letter resigning the Chancellorship of the University of - Oxford is dated from Calais on the 7th of December. That Evelyn's - book is not, in every respect, strictly a diary, is shown by this - and several similar passages already adverted to in the remarks - prefixed to the present edition. If the entry of the 18th of August, - 1683, is correct, the date of Evelyn's last visit to Lord Clarendon - was the 28th of November, 1667.] - -10th December, 1667. I went to the funeral of Mrs. Heath, wife of my -worthy friend and schoolfellow. - -[Sidenote: LONDON] - -21st December, 1667. I saw one Carr pilloried at Charing-cross for a -libel, which was burnt before him by the hangman. - -8th January, 1667-68. I saw deep and prodigious gaming at the -Groom-Porter's, vast heaps of gold squandered away in a vain and profuse -manner. This I looked on as a horrid vice, and unsuitable in a Christian -Court. - -9th January, 1668. Went to see the revels at the Middle Temple, which is -also an old riotous custom, and has relation neither to virtue nor -policy. - -10th January, 1668. To visit Mr. Povey, where were divers great Lords to -see his well-contrived cellar, and other elegancies. - -24th January, 1668. We went to stake out ground for building a college -for the Royal Society at Arundel-House, but did not finish it, which we -shall repent of. - -4th February, 1668. I saw the tragedy of "Horace" (written by the -VIRTUOUS Mrs. Philips) acted before their Majesties. Between each act a -masque and antique dance. The excessive gallantry of the ladies was -infinite, those especially on that ... Castlemaine, esteemed at £40,000 -and more, far outshining the Queen. - -15th February, 1668. I saw the audience of the Swedish Ambassador Count -Donna, in great state in the banqueting house. - -3d March, 1668. Was launched at Deptford, that goodly vessel, "The -Charles." I was near his Majesty. She is longer than the "Sovereign," -and carries 110 brass cannon; she was built by old Shish, a plain, -honest carpenter, master-builder of this dock, but one who can give very -little account of his art by discourse, and is hardly capable of -reading, yet of great ability in his calling. The family have been ship -carpenters in this yard above 300 years. - -12th March, 1668. Went to visit Sir John Cotton, who had me into his -library, full of good MSS., Greek and Latin, but most famous for those -of the Saxon and English antiquities, collected by his grandfather. - -2d April, 1668. To the Royal Society, where I subscribed 50,000 bricks, -toward building a college. Among other libertine libels, there was one -now printed and thrown about, a bold petition of the poor w----s to Lady -Castlemaine.[14] - - [Footnote 14: Evelyn has been supposed himself to have written this - piece.] - -[Sidenote: LONDON] - -9th April, 1668. To London, about finishing my grand account of the sick -and wounded, and prisoners at war, amounting to above £34,000. - -I heard Sir R. Howard impeach Sir William Penn, in the House of Lords, -for breaking bulk, and taking away rich goods out of the East India -prizes, formerly taken by Lord Sandwich. - -28th April, 1668. To London, about the purchase of Ravensbourne Mills, -and land around it, in Upper Deptford, of one Mr. Becher. - -30th April, 1668. We sealed the deeds in Sir Edward Thurland's chambers -in the Inner Temple. I pray God bless it to me, it being a dear -pennyworth; but the passion Sir R. Browne had for it, and that it was -contiguous to our other grounds, engaged me! - -13th May, 1668. Invited by that expert commander, Captain Cox, master of -the lately built "Charles II.," now the best vessel of the fleet, -designed for the Duke of York, I went to Erith, where we had a great -dinner. - -16th May, 1668. Sir Richard Edgecombe, of Mount Edgecombe, by Plymouth, -my relation, came to visit me; a very virtuous and worthy gentleman. - -19th June, 1668. To a new play with several of my relations, "The -Evening Lover," a foolish plot, and very profane; it afflicted me to see -how the stage was degenerated and polluted by the licentious times. - -2d July, 1668. Sir Samuel Tuke, Bart., and the lady he had married this -day, came and bedded at night at my house, many friends accompanying the -bride. - -23d July, 1668. At the Royal Society, were presented divers _glossa -petras_, and other natural curiosities, found in digging to build the -fort at Sheerness. They were just the same as they bring from Malta, -pretending them to be viper's teeth, whereas, in truth, they are of a -shark, as we found by comparing them with one in our repository. - -3d August, 1668. Mr. Bramstone (son to Judge B.), my old -fellow-traveler, now reader at the Middle Temple, invited me to his -feast, which was so very extravagant and great as the like had not been -seen at any time. There were the Duke of Ormond, Privy Seal, Bedford, -Belasis, Halifax, and a world more of Earls and Lords. - -14th August, 1668. His Majesty was pleased to grant me a lease of a slip -of ground out of Brick Close, to enlarge my fore-court, for which I now -gave him thanks; then, entering into other discourse, he talked to me of -a new varnish for ships, instead of pitch, and of the gilding with which -his new yacht was beautified. I showed his Majesty the perpetual motion -sent to me by Dr. Stokes, from Cologne; and then came in Monsieur -Colbert, the French Ambassador. - -19th August, 1668. I saw the magnificent entry of the French Ambassador -Colbert, received in the banqueting house. I had never seen a richer -coach than that which he came in to Whitehall. Standing by his Majesty -at dinner in the presence, there was of that rare fruit called the -king-pine, growing in Barbadoes and the West Indies; the first of them I -had ever seen. His Majesty having cut it up, was pleased to give me a -piece off his own plate to taste of; but, in my opinion, it falls short -of those ravishing varieties of deliciousness described in Captain -Ligon's history, and others; but possibly it might, or certainly was, -much impaired in coming so far; it has yet a grateful acidity, but -tastes more like the quince and melon than of any other fruit he -mentions. - -28th August, 1668. Published my book on "The Perfection of Painting," -dedicated to Mr. Howard. - -17th September, 1668. I entertained Signor Muccinigo, the Venetian -Ambassador, of one of the noblest families of the State, this being the -day of making his public entry, setting forth from my house with several -gentlemen of Venice and others in a very glorious train. He staid with -me till the Earl of Anglesea and Sir Charles Cotterell (master of the -ceremonies) came with the King's barge to carry him to the Tower, where -the guns were fired at his landing; he then entered his Majesty's coach, -followed by many others of the nobility. I accompanied him to his house, -where there was a most noble supper to all the company, of course. After -the extraordinary compliments to me and my wife, for the civilities he -received at my house, I took leave and returned. He is a very -accomplished person. He is since Ambassador at Rome. - -29th September, 1668. I had much discourse with Signor Pietro Cisij, a -Persian gentleman, about the affairs of Turkey, to my great -satisfaction. I went to see Sir Elias Leighton's project of a cart with -iron axletrees. - -8th November, 1668. Being at dinner, my sister Evelyn sent for me to -come up to London to my continuing sick brother. - -[Sidenote: LONDON] - -14th November, 1668. To London, invited to the consecration of that -excellent person, the Dean of Ripon, Dr. Wilkins, now made Bishop of -Chester; it was at Ely House, the Archbishop of Canterbury, Dr. Cosin, -Bishop of Durham, the Bishops of Ely, Salisbury, Rochester, and others -officiating. Dr. Tillotson preached. Then, we went to a sumptuous dinner -in the hall, where were the Duke of Buckingham, Judges, Secretaries of -State, Lord-Keeper, Council, Noblemen, and innumerable other company, -who were honorers of this incomparable man, universally beloved by all -who knew him. - -This being the Queen's birthday, great was the gallantry at Whitehall, -and the night celebrated with very fine fireworks. - -My poor brother continuing ill, I went not from him till the 17th, when, -dining at the Groom Porters, I heard Sir Edward Sutton play excellently -on the Irish harp; he performs genteelly, but not approaching my worthy -friend, Mr. Clark, a gentleman of Northumberland, who makes it execute -lute, viol, and all the harmony an instrument is capable of; pity it is -that it is not more in use; but, indeed, to play well, takes up the -whole man, as Mr. Clark has assured me, who, though a gentleman of -quality and parts, was yet brought up to that instrument from five years -old, as I remember he told me. - -25th November, 1668. I waited on Lord Sandwich, who presented me with a -Sembrador he brought out of Spain, showing me his two books of -observations made during his embassy and stay at Madrid, in which were -several rare things he promised to impart to me. - -27th November, 1668. I dined at my Lord Ashley's (since Earl of -Shaftesbury), when the match of my niece was proposed for his only son, -in which my assistance was desired for my Lord. - -28th November, 1668. Dr. Patrick preached at Convent Garden, on Acts -xvii. 31, the certainty of Christ's coming to judgment, it being Advent; -a most suitable discourse. - -19th December, 1668. I went to see the old play of "Cataline" acted, -having been now forgotten almost forty years. - -20th December, 1668. I dined with my Lord Cornbury, at Clarendon House, -now bravely furnished, especially with the pictures of most of our -ancient and modern wits, poets, philosophers, famous and learned -Englishmen; which collection of the Chancellor's I much commended, and -gave his Lordship a catalogue of more to be added. - -31st December, 1668. I entertained my kind neighbors, according to -custom, giving Almighty God thanks for his gracious mercies to me the -past year. - -1st January, 1669. Imploring his blessing for the year entering, I went -to church, where our Doctor preached on Psalm lxv. 12, apposite to the -season, and beginning a new year. - -3d January, 1669. About this time one of Sir William Penn's sons had -published a blasphemous book against the Deity of our Blessed Lord. - -29th January, 1669. I went to see a tall gigantic woman who measured 6 -feet 10 inches high, at 21 years old, born in the Low Countries. - -13th February, 1669. I presented his Majesty with my "History of the -Four Impostors;"[15] he told me of other like cheats. I gave my book to -Lord Arlington, to whom I dedicated it. It was now that he began to -tempt me about writing "The Dutch War." - - [Footnote 15: Reprinted in Evelyn's "Miscellaneous Writings."] - -15th February, 1669. Saw Mrs. Phillips' "Horace" acted again. - -18th February, 1669. To the Royal Society, when Signor Malpighi, an -Italian physician and anatomist, sent this learned body the incomparable -"History of the Silk-worm." - -1st March, 1669. Dined at Lord Arlington's at Goring House, with the -Bishop of Hereford. - -4th March, 1669. To the Council of the Royal Society, about disposing -my Lord Howard's library, now given to us. - -[Sidenote: LONDON] - -16th March, 1669. To London, to place Mr. Christopher Wase about my Lord -Arlington. - -18th March, 1669. I went with Lord Howard of Norfolk, to visit Sir -William Ducie at Charlton, where we dined; the servants made our -coachmen so drunk, that they both fell off their boxes on the heath, -where we were fain to leave them, and were driven to London by two -servants of my Lord's. This barbarous custom of making the masters -welcome by intoxicating the servants, had now the second time happened -to my coachmen. - -My son finally came from Oxford. - -2d April, 1669. Dined at Mr. Treasurer's, where was (with many noblemen) -Colonel Titus of the bedchamber, author of the famous piece against -Cromwell, "Killing no Murder." - -I now placed Mr. Wase with Mr. Williamson, Secretary to the Secretary of -State, and Clerk of the Papers. - -14th April, 1669. I dined with the Archbishop of Canterbury, at Lambeth, -and saw the library, which was not very considerable. - -19th May, 1669. At a Council of the Royal Society our grant was -finished, in which his Majesty gives us Chelsea College, and some land -about it. It was ordered that five should be a quorum for a Council. The -Vice-President was then sworn for the first time, and it was proposed -how we should receive the Prince of Tuscany, who desired to visit the -Society. - -20th May, 1669. This evening, at 10 o'clock, was born my third daughter, -who was baptized on the 25th by the name of Susannah. - -3d June, 1669. Went to take leave of Lord Howard, going Ambassador to -Morocco. Dined at Lord Arlington's, where were the Earl of Berkshire, -Lord Saint John, Sir Robert Howard, and Sir R. Holmes. - -10th June, 1669. Came my Lord Cornbury, Sir William Pulteney, and others -to visit me. I went this evening to London, to carry Mr. Pepys to my -brother Richard, now exceedingly afflicted with the stone, who had been -successfully cut, and carried the stone as big as a tennis ball to show -him, and encourage his resolution to go through the operation. - -30th June, 1669. My wife went a journey of pleasure down the river as -far as the sea, with Mrs. Howard and her daughter, the Maid of Honor, -and others, among whom that excellent creature, Mrs. Blagg.[16] - - [Footnote 16: Afterward Mrs. Godolphin, whose life, written by - Evelyn, has been published under the auspices of the Bishop of - Oxford. The affecting circumstances of her death will be found - recorded on pp. 126-27 of the present volume.] - -7th July, 1669. I went toward Oxford; lay at Little Wycomb. - -[Sidenote: OXFORD] - -8th July, 1669. Oxford. - -9th July, 1669. In the morning was celebrated the Encĉnia of the New -Theater, so magnificently built by the munificence of Dr. Gilbert -Sheldon, Archbishop of Canterbury, in which was spent,£25,000, as Sir -Christopher Wren, the architect (as I remember), told me; and yet it was -never seen by the benefactor, my Lord Archbishop having told me that he -never did or ever would see it. It is, in truth, a fabric comparable to -any of this kind of former ages, and doubtless exceeding any of the -present, as this University does for colleges, libraries, schools, -students, and order, all the universities in the world. To the theater -is added the famous Sheldonian printing house. This being at the Act and -the first time of opening the Theater (Acts being formerly kept in St. -Mary's Church, which might be thought indecent, that being a place set -apart for the immediate worship of God, and was the inducement for -building this noble pile), it was now resolved to keep the present Act -in it, and celebrate its dedication with the greatest splendor and -formality that might be; and, therefore, drew a world of strangers, and -other company, to the University, from all parts of the nation. - -The Vice-Chancellor, Heads of Houses, and Doctors, being seated in -magisterial seats, the Vice-Chancellor's chair and desk, Proctors, etc., -covered with _brocatelle_ (a kind of brocade) and cloth of gold; the -University Registrar read the founder's grant and gift of it to the -University for their scholastic exercises upon these solemn occasions. -Then followed Dr. South, the University's orator, in an eloquent speech, -which was very long, and not without some malicious and indecent -reflections on the Royal Society, as underminers of the University; -which was very foolish and untrue, as well as unseasonable. But, to let -that pass from an ill-natured man, the rest was in praise of the -Archbishop and the ingenious architect. This ended, after loud music -from the corridor above, where an organ was placed, there followed -divers panegyric speeches, both in prose and verse, interchangeably -pronounced by the young students placed in the rostrums, in Pindarics, -Eclogues, Heroics, etc., mingled with excellent music, vocal and -instrumental, to entertain the ladies and the rest of the company. A -speech was then made in praise of academical learning. This lasted from -eleven in the morning till seven at night, which was concluded with -ringing of bells, and universal joy and feasting. - -10th July, 1669. The next day began the more solemn lectures in all the -faculties, which were performed in the several schools, where all the -Inceptor-Doctors did their exercises, the Professors having first ended -their reading. The assembly now returned to the Theater, where the -_Terrĉ filius_ (the _University Buffoon_) entertained the auditory with -a tedious, abusive, sarcastical rhapsody, most unbecoming the gravity of -the University, and that so grossly, that unless it be suppressed, it -will be of ill consequence, as I afterward plainly expressed my sense of -it both to the Vice-Chancellor and several Heads of Houses, who were -perfectly ashamed of it, and resolved to take care of it in future. The -old facetious way of rallying upon the questions was left off, falling -wholly upon persons, so that it was rather licentious lying and railing -than genuine and noble wit. In my life, I was never witness of so -shameful an entertainment. - -After this ribaldry, the Proctors made their speeches. Then began the -music art, vocal and instrumental, above in the balustrade corridor -opposite to the Vice-Chancellor's seat. Then Dr. Wallis, the -mathematical Professor, made his oration, and created one Doctor of -music according to the usual ceremonies of gown (which was of white -damask), cap, ring, kiss, etc. Next followed the disputations of the -Inceptor-Doctors in Medicine, the speech of their Professor, Dr. Hyde, -and so in course their respective creations. Then disputed the Inceptors -of Law, the speech of their Professor, and creation. Lastly, Inceptors -of Theology: Dr. Compton (brother of the Earl of Northampton) being -junior, began with great modesty and applause; so the rest. After which, -Dr. Tillotson, Dr. Sprat, etc., and then Dr. Allestree's speech, the -King's Professor, and their respective creations. Last of all, the -Vice-Chancellor, shutting up the whole in a panegyrical oration, -celebrating their benefactor and the rest, apposite to the occasion. - -Thus was the Theater dedicated by the scholastic exercises in all the -Faculties with great solemnity; and the night, as the former, -entertaining the new Doctor's friends in feasting and music. I was -invited by Dr. Barlow, the worthy and learned Professor of Queen's -College. - -11th July, 1669. The Act sermon was this forenoon preached by Dr. Hall, -in St. Mary's, in an honest, practical discourse against atheism. In the -afternoon, the church was so crowded, that, not coming early, I could -not approach to hear. - -12th July, 1669. Monday. Was held the Divinity Act in the Theater again, -when proceeded seventeen Doctors, in all Faculties some. - -13th July, 1669. I dined at the Vice-Chancellor's, and spent the -afternoon in seeing the rarities of the public libraries, and visiting -the noble marbles and inscriptions, now inserted in the walls that -compass the area of the Theater, which were 150 of the most ancient and -worthy treasures of that kind in the learned world. Now, observing that -people approach them too near, some idle persons began to scratch and -injure them, I advised that a hedge of holly should be planted at the -foot of the wall, to be kept breast-high only to protect them; which the -Vice-Chancellor promised to do the next season. - -14th July, 1669. Dr. Fell, Dean of Christ Church and Vice-Chancellor, -with Dr. Allestree, Professor, with beadles and maces before them, came -to visit me at my lodging. I went to visit Lord Howard's sons at -Magdalen College. - -15th July, 1669. Having two days before had notice that the University -intended me the honor of Doctorship, I was this morning attended by the -beadles belonging to the Law, who conducted me to the Theater, where I -found the Duke of Ormond (now Chancellor of the University) with the -Earl of Chesterfield and Mr. Spencer (brother to the late Earl of -Sunderland). Thence, we marched to the Convocation House, a convocation -having been called on purpose; here, being all of us robed in the porch, -in scarlet with caps and hoods, we were led in by the Professor of Laws, -and presented respectively by name, with a short eulogy, to the -Vice-Chancellor, who sat in the chair, with all the Doctors and Heads of -Houses and masters about the room, which was exceedingly full. Then, -began the Public Orator his speech, directed chiefly to the Duke of -Ormond, the Chancellor; but in which I had my compliment, in course. -This ended, we were called up, and created Doctors according to the -form, and seated by the Vice-Chancellor among the Doctors, on his right -hand; then, the Vice-Chancellor made a short speech, and so, saluting -our brother Doctors, the pageantry concluded, and the convocation was -dissolved. So formal a creation of honorary Doctors had seldom been -seen, that a convocation should be called on purpose, and speeches made -by the Orator; but they could do no less, their Chancellor being to -receive, or rather do them, this honor. I should have been made Doctor -with the rest at the public Act, but their expectation of their -Chancellor made them defer it. I was then led with my brother Doctors to -an extraordinary entertainment at Doctor Mewes's, head of St. John's -College, and, after abundance of feasting and compliments, having -visited the Vice-Chancellor and other Doctors, and given them thanks for -the honor done me, I went toward home the 16th, and got as far as -Windsor, and so to my house the next day. - -4th August, 1669. I was invited by Sir Henry Peckham to his reading -feast in the Middle Temple, a pompous entertainment, where were the -Archbishop of Canterbury, all the great Earls and Lords, etc. I had much -discourse with my Lord Winchelsea, a prodigious talker; and the Venetian -Ambassador. - -17th August, 1669. To London, spending almost the entire day in -surveying what progress was made in rebuilding the ruinous city, which -now began a little to revive after its sad calamity. - -20th August, 1669. I saw the splendid audience of the Danish Ambassador -in the Banqueting House at Whitehall. - -23d August, 1669. I went to visit my most excellent and worthy neighbor, -the Lord Bishop of Rochester, at Bromley, which he was now repairing, -after the delapidations of the late Rebellion. - -2d September, 1669. I was this day very ill of a pain in my limbs, which -continued most of this week, and was increased by a visit I made to my -old acquaintance, the Earl of Norwich, at his house in Epping Forest, -where are many good pictures put into the wainscot of the rooms, which -Mr. Baker, his Lordship's predecessor there, brought out of Spain; -especially the History of Joseph, a picture of the pious and learned -Picus Mirandula, and an incomparable one of old Breugel. The gardens -were well understood, I mean the _potager_. I returned late in the -evening, ferrying over the water at Greenwich. - -26th September, 1669. To church, to give God thanks for my recovery. - -3d October, 1669. I received the Blessed Eucharist, to my unspeakable -joy. - -21st October, 1669. To the Royal Society, meeting for the first time -after a long recess, during vacation, according to custom; where was -read a description of the prodigious eruption of Mount Etna; and our -English itinerant presented an account of his autumnal peregrination -about England, for which we hired him, bringing dried fowls, fish, -plants, animals, etc. - -26th October, 1669. My dear brother continued extremely full of pain, -the Lord be gracious to him! - -3d November, 1669. This being the day of meeting for the poor, we dined -neighborly together. - -26th November, 1669. I heard an excellent discourse by Dr. Patrick, on -the Resurrection, and afterward, visited the Countess of Kent, my -kinswoman. - -8th December, 1669. To London, upon the second edition of my "Sylva," -which I presented to the Royal Society. - -6th February, 1669-70. Dr. John Breton, Master of Emmanuel College, in -Cambridge (uncle to our vicar), preached on John i. 27; "whose -shoe-latchet I am not worthy to unloose," etc., describing the various -fashions of shoes, or sandals, worn by the Jews, and other nations: of -the ornaments of the feet: how great persons had servants that took them -off when they came to their houses, and bore them after them: by which -pointing the dignity of our Savior, when such a person as St. John -Baptist acknowledged his unworthiness even of that mean office. The -lawfulness, decentness, and necessity, of subordinate degrees and ranks -of men and servants, as well in the Church as State: against the late -levelers, and others of that dangerous rabble, who would have all alike. - -3d March, 1670. Finding my brother [Richard] in such exceeding torture, -and that he now began to fall into convulsion-fits, I solemnly set the -next day apart to beg of God to mitigate his sufferings, and prosper the -only means which yet remained for his recovery, he being not only much -wasted, but exceedingly and all along averse from being cut (for the -stone); but, when he at last consented, and it came to the operation, -and all things prepared, his spirit and resolution failed. - -[Sidenote: LONDON] - -6th March, 1670. Dr. Patrick preached in Covent Garden Church. I -participated of the Blessed Sacrament, recommending to God the -deplorable condition of my dear brother, who was almost in the last -agonies of death. I watched late with him this night. It pleased God to -deliver him out of this miserable life, toward five o'clock this Monday -morning, to my unspeakable grief. He was a brother whom I most dearly -loved, for his many virtues; but two years younger than myself, a sober, -prudent, worthy gentleman. He had married a great fortune, and left one -only daughter, and a noble seat at Woodcot, near Epsom. His body was -opened, and a stone taken out of his bladder, not much bigger than a -nutmeg. I returned home on the 8th, full of sadness, and to bemoan my -loss. - -20th March, 1670. A stranger preached at the Savoy French church; the -Liturgy of the Church of England being now used altogether, as -translated into French by Dr. Durell. - -21st March, 1670. We all accompanied the corpse of my dear brother to -Epsom Church, where he was decently interred in the chapel belonging to -Woodcot House. A great number of friends and gentlemen of the country -attended, about twenty coaches and six horses, and innumerable people. - -22d March, 1670. I went to Westminster, where in the House of Lords I -saw his Majesty sit on his throne, but without his robes, all the peers -sitting with their hats on; the business of the day being the divorce of -my Lord Ross. Such an occasion and sight had not been seen in England -since the time of Henry VIII.[17] - - [Footnote 17: Evelyn subjoins in a note: "When there was a project, - 1669, for getting a divorce for the King, to facilitate it there was - brought into the House of Lords a bill for dissolving the marriage - of Lord Ross, on account of adultery, and to give him leave to marry - again. This Bill, after great debates, passed by the plurality of - only two votes, and that by the great industry of the Lord's - friends, as well as the Duke's enemies, who carried it on chiefly in - hopes it might be a precedent and inducement for the King to enter - the more easily into their late proposals; nor were they a little - encouraged therein, when they saw the King countenance and drive on - the Bill in Lord Ross's favor. Of eighteen bishops that were in the - House, only two voted for the bill, of which one voted through age, - and one was reputed Socinian." The two bishops favorable to the bill - were Dr. Cosin, Bishop of Durham, and Dr. Wilkins, Bishop of - Chester.] - -5th May, 1670. To London, concerning the office of Latin Secretary to -his Majesty, a place of more honor and dignity than profit, the -reversion of which he had promised me. - -21st May, 1670. Came to visit me Mr. Henry Saville, and Sir Charles -Scarborough. - -26th May, 1670. Receiving a letter from Mr. Philip Howard, Lord Almoner -to the Queen, that Monsieur Evelin, first physician to Madame (who was -now come to Dover to visit the King her brother), was come to town, -greatly desirous to see me; but his stay so short, that he could not -come to me, I went with my brother to meet him at the Tower, where he -was seeing the magazines and other curiosities, having never before been -in England: we renewed our alliance and friendship, with much regret on -both sides that, he being to return toward Dover that evening, we could -not enjoy one another any longer. How this French family, Ivelin, of -Evelin, Normandy, a very ancient and noble house is grafted into our -pedigree, see in the collection brought from Paris, 1650. - -16th June, 1670. I went with some friends to the Bear Garden, where was -cock-fighting, dog-fighting, bear and bull-baiting, it being a famous -day for all these butcherly sports, or rather barbarous cruelties. The -bulls did exceedingly well, but the Irish wolf dog exceeded, which was a -tall greyhound, a stately creature indeed, who beat a cruel mastiff. One -of the bulls tossed a dog full into a lady's lap as she sat in one of -the boxes at a considerable height from the arena. Two poor dogs were -killed, and so all ended with the ape on horseback, and I most heartily -weary of the rude and dirty pastime, which I had not seen, I think, in -twenty years before. - -18th June, 1670. Dined at Goring House, whither my Lord Arlington -carried me from Whitehall with the Marquis of Worcester; there, we found -Lord Sandwich, Viscount Stafford,[18] the Lieutenant of the Tower, and -others. After dinner, my Lord communicated to me his Majesty's desire -that I would engage to write the history of our late war with the -Hollanders, which I had hitherto declined; this I found was ill taken, -and that I should disoblige his Majesty, who had made choice of me to do -him this service, and, if I would undertake it, I should have all the -assistance the Secretary's office and others could give me, with other -encouragements, which I could not decently refuse. - - [Footnote 18: Sir William Howard, created in November, 1640, - Viscount Stafford. In 1678, he was accused of complicity with the - Popish Plot, and upon trial by his Peers in Westminster Hall, was - found guilty, by a majority of twenty-four. He was beheaded, - December 29, 1680, on Tower Hill.] - -Lord Stafford rose from the table, in some disorder, because there were -roses stuck about the fruit when the dessert was set on the table; such -an antipathy, it seems, he had to them as once Lady Selenger also had, -and to that degree that, as Sir Kenelm Digby tells us, laying but a rose -upon her cheek when she was asleep, it raised a blister: but Sir Kenelm -was a teller of strange things. - -24th June, 1670. Came the Earl of Huntington and Countess, with the Lord -Sherard, to visit us. - -[Sidenote: LONDON] - -29th June, 1670. To London, in order to my niece's marriage, Mary, -daughter to my late brother Richard, of Woodcot, with the eldest son of -Mr. Attorney Montague, which was celebrated at Southampton-House chapel, -after which a magnificent entertainment, feast, and dancing, dinner and -supper, in the great room there; but the bride was bedded at my sister's -lodging, in Drury-Lane. - -6th July, 1670. Came to visit me Mr. Stanhope, gentleman-usher to her -Majesty, and uncle to the Earl of Chesterfield, a very fine man, with my -Lady Hutcheson. - -19th July, 1670. I accompanied my worthy friend, that excellent man, Sir -Robert Murray, with Mr. Slingsby, master of the mint, to see the -latter's seat and estate at Burrow-Green in Cambridgeshire, he desiring -our advice for placing a new house, which he was resolved to build. We -set out in a coach and six horses with him and his lady, dined about -midway at one Mr. Turner's, where we found a very noble dinner, venison, -music, and a circle of country ladies and their gallants. After dinner, -we proceeded, and came to Burrow-Green that night. This had been the -ancient seat of the Cheekes (whose daughter Mr. Slingsby married), -formerly tutor to King Henry VI. The old house large and ample, and -built for ancient hospitality, ready to fall down with age, placed in a -dirty hole, a stiff clay, no water, next an adjoining church-yard, and -with other inconveniences. We pitched on a spot of rising ground, -adorned with venerable woods, a dry and sweet prospect east and west, -and fit for a park, but no running water; at a mile distance from the -old house. - -20th July, 1670. We went to dine at Lord Allington's, who had newly -built a house of great cost, I believe a little less than £20,000. His -architect was Mr. Pratt. It is seated in a park, with a sweet prospect -and stately avenue; but water still defective; the house has also its -infirmities. Went back to Mr. Slingsby's. - -[Sidenote: NEWMARKET] - -22d July, 1670. We rode out to see the great mere, or level, of -recovered fen land, not far off. In the way, we met Lord Arlington going -to his house in Suffolk, accompanied with Count Ogniati, the Spanish -minister, and Sir Bernard Gascoigne; he was very importunate with me to -go with him to Euston, being but fifteen miles distant; but, in regard -of my company, I could not. So, passing through Newmarket, we alighted -to see his Majesty's house there, now new-building; the arches of the -cellars beneath are well turned by Mr. Samuel, the architect, the rest -mean enough, and hardly fit for a hunting house. Many of the rooms above -had the chimneys in the angles and corners, a mode now introduced by his -Majesty, which I do at no hand approve of. I predict it will spoil many -noble houses and rooms, if followed. It does only well in very small and -trifling rooms, but takes from the state of greater. Besides, this house -is placed in a dirty street, without any court or avenue, like a common -one, whereas it might and ought to have been built at either end of the -town, upon the very carpet where the sports are celebrated; but, it -being the purchase of an old wretched house of my Lord Thomond's, his -Majesty was persuaded to set it on that foundation, the most improper -imaginable for a house of sport and pleasure. - -We went to see the stables and fine horses, of which many were here kept -at a vast expense, with all the art and tenderness imaginable. - -Being arrived at some meres, we found Lord Wotton and Sir John Kiviet -about their draining engines, having, it seems, undertaken to do wonders -on a vast piece of marsh-ground they had hired of Sir Thomas Chicheley -(master of the ordnance). They much pleased themselves with the hopes of -a rich harvest of hemp and coleseed, which was the crop expected. - -Here we visited the engines and mills both for wind and water, draining -it through two rivers or graffs, cut by hand, and capable of carrying -considerable barges, which went thwart one the other, discharging the -water into the sea. Such this spot had been the former winter; it was -astonishing to see it now dry, and so rich that weeds grew on the banks, -almost as high as a man and horse. Here, my Lord and his partner had -built two or three rooms, with Flanders white bricks, very hard. One of -the great engines was in the kitchen, where I saw the fish swim up, even -to the very chimney hearth, by a small cut through the room, and running -within a foot of the very fire. - -Having, after dinner, ridden about that vast level, pestered with heat -and swarms of gnats, we returned over Newmarket Heath, the way being -mostly a sweet turf and down, like Salisbury Plain, the jockeys -breathing their fine barbs and racers and giving them their heats. - -23d July, 1670. We returned from Burrow Green to London, staying some -time at Audley End to see that fine palace. It is indeed a cheerful -piece of Gothic building, or rather _antico moderno_, but placed in an -obscure bottom. The cellars and galleries are very stately. It has a -river by it, a pretty avenue of limes, and in a park. - -This is in Saffron Walden parish, famous for that useful plant, with -which all the country is covered. - -[Sidenote: LONDON] - -Dining at Bishop Stortford, we came late to London. - -5th August, 1670. There was sent me by a neighbor a servant maid, who, -in the last month, as she was sitting before her mistress at work, felt -a stroke on her arm a little above the wrist for some height, the smart -of which, as if struck by another hand, caused her to hold her arm -awhile till somewhat mitigated; but it put her into a kind of -convulsion, or rather hysteric fit. A gentleman coming casually in, -looking on her arm, found that part powdered with red crosses, set in -most exact and wonderful order, neither swelled nor depressed, about -this shape, - - x - x x - x x x - x x - x - -not seeming to be any way made by artifice, of a reddish color, not so -red as blood, the skin over them smooth, the rest of the arm livid and -of a mortified hue, with certain prints, as it were, of the stroke of -fingers. This had happened three several times in July, at about ten -days' interval, the crosses beginning to wear out, but the successive -ones set in other different, yet uniform order. The maid seemed very -modest, and came from London to Deptford with her mistress, to avoid the -discourse and importunity of curious people. She made no gain by it, -pretended no religious fancies; but seemed to be a plain, ordinary, -silent, working wench, somewhat fat, short, and high-colored. She told -me divers divines and physicians had seen her, but were unsatisfied; -that she had taken some remedies against her fits, but they did her no -good; she had never before had any fits; once since, she seemed in her -sleep to hear one say to her that she should tamper no more with them, -nor trouble herself with anything that happened, but put her trust in -the merits of Christ only. - -This is the substance of what she told me, and what I saw and curiously -examined. I was formerly acquainted with the impostorious nuns of -Loudun, in France, which made such noise among the Papists; I therefore -thought this worth the notice. I remember Monsieur Monconys[19] (that -curious traveler and a Roman Catholic) was by no means satisfied with -the _stigmata_ of those nuns, because they were so shy of letting him -scrape the letters, which were Jesus, Maria, Joseph (as I think), -observing they began to scale off with it, whereas this poor wench was -willing to submit to any trial; so that I profess I know not what to -think of it, nor dare I pronounce it anything supernatural. - - [Footnote 19: Balthasar de Monconys, a Frenchman, celebrated for his - travels in the East, which he published in three volumes. His object - was to discover vestiges of the philosophy of Trismegistus and - Zoroaster; in which, it is hardly necessary to add, he was not very - successful.] - -20th August, 1670. At Windsor I supped with the Duke of Monmouth; and, -the next day, invited by Lord Arlington, dined with the same Duke and -divers Lords. After dinner my Lord and I had a conference of more than -an hour alone in his bedchamber, to engage me in the History. I showed -him something that I had drawn up, to his great satisfaction, and he -desired me to show it to the Treasurer. - -28th August, 1670. One of the Canons preached; then followed the -offering of the Knights of the Order, according to custom; first the -poor Knights, in procession, then, the Canons in their formalities, the -Dean and Chancellor, then his Majesty (the Sovereign), the Duke of York, -Prince Rupert; and, lastly, the Earl of Oxford, being all the Knights -that were then at Court. - -I dined with the Treasurer, and consulted with him what pieces I was to -add; in the afternoon the King took me aside into the balcony over the -terrace, extremely pleased with what had been told him I had begun, in -order to his commands, and enjoining me to proceed vigorously in it. He -told me he had ordered the Secretaries of State to give me all necessary -assistance of papers and particulars relating to it and enjoining me to -make it a LITTLE KEEN, for that the Hollanders had very unhandsomely -abused him in their pictures, books, and libels. - -Windsor was now going to be repaired, being exceedingly ragged and -ruinous. Prince Rupert, the Constable, had begun to trim up the keep or -high round Tower, and handsomely adorned his hall with furniture of -arms, which was very singular, by so disposing the pikes, muskets, -pistols, bandoleers, holsters, drums, back, breast, and headpieces, as -was very extraordinary. Thus, those huge steep stairs ascending to it -had the walls invested with this martial furniture, all new and bright, -so disposing the bandoleers, holsters, and drums, as to represent -festoons, and that without any confusion, trophy-like. From the hall we -went into his bedchamber, and ample rooms hung with tapestry, curious -and effeminate pictures, so extremely different from the other, which -presented nothing but war and horror. - -The King passed most of his time in hunting the stag, and walking in the -park, which he was now planting with rows of trees. - -13th September, 1670. To visit Sir Richard Lashford, my kinsman, and Mr. -Charles Howard, at his extraordinary garden, at Deepden. - -15th September, 1670. I went to visit Mr. Arthur Onslow, at West -Clandon, a pretty dry seat on the Downs, where we dined in his great -room. - -17th September, 1670. To visit Mr. Hussey, who, being near Wotton, lives -in a sweet valley, deliciously watered. - -23d September, 1670. To Albury, to see how that garden proceeded, which -I found exactly done to the design and plot I had made, with the crypta -through the mountain in the park, thirty perches in length. Such a -Pausilippe[20] is nowhere in England. The canal was now digging, and the -vineyard planted. - - [Footnote 20: A word adopted by Evelyn for a subterranean passage, - from the famous grot of Pausilippo, at Naples.] - -14th October, 1670. I spent the whole afternoon in private with the -Treasurer who put into my hands those secret pieces and transactions -concerning the Dutch war, and particularly the expedition of Bergen, in -which he had himself the chief part, and gave me instructions, till the -King arriving from Newmarket, we both went up into his bedchamber. - -21st October, 1670. Dined with the Treasurer; and, after dinner, we -were shut up together. I received other [further] advices, and ten paper -books of dispatches and treaties; to return which again I gave a note -under my hand to Mr. Joseph Williamson, Master of the Paper office. - -31st October, 1670. I was this morning fifty years of age; the Lord -teach me to number my days so as to apply them to his glory! Amen. - -4th November, 1670. Saw the Prince of Orange, newly come to see the -King, his uncle; he has a manly, courageous, wise countenance, -resembling his mother and the Duke of Gloucester, both deceased. - -I now also saw that famous beauty, but in my opinion of a childish, -simple, and baby face, Mademoiselle Querouaille,[21] lately Maid of -Honor to Madame, and now to be so to the Queen. - - [Footnote 21: Henrietta, the King's sister, married to Philip, Duke - of Orleans, was then on a visit here. Madame Querouaille came over - in her train, on purpose to entice Charles into an union with Louis - XIV.; a design which unhappily succeeded but too well. She became - the King's mistress, was made Duchess of Portsmouth, and was his - favorite till his death.] - -23d November, 1670. Dined with the Earl of Arlington, where was the -Venetian Ambassador, of whom I now took solemn leave, now on his return. -There were also Lords Howard, Wharton, Windsor, and divers other great -persons. - -24th November, 1670. I dined with the Treasurer, where was the Earl of -Rochester, a very profane wit. - -[Sidenote: LONDON] - -15th December, 1670. It was the thickest and darkest fog on the Thames -that was ever known in the memory of man, and I happened to be in the -very midst of it. I supped with Monsieur Zulestein, late Governor to the -late Prince of Orange. - -10th January, 1670-71. Mr. Bohun, my son's tutor, had been five years in -my house, and now Bachelor of Laws, and Fellow of New College, went from -me to Oxford to reside there, having well and faithfully performed his -charge. - -18th January, 1671. This day I first acquainted his Majesty with that -incomparable young man, Gibbon,[22] whom I had lately met with in an -obscure place by mere accident, as I was walking near a poor solitary -thatched house, in a field in our parish, near Sayes Court. I found him -shut in; but looking in at the window, I perceived him carving that -large cartoon, or crucifix, of Tintoretto, a copy of which I had myself -brought from Venice, where the original painting remains. I asked if I -might enter; he opened the door civilly to me, and I saw him about such -a work as for the curiosity of handling, drawing, and studious -exactness, I never had before seen in all my travels. I questioned him -why he worked in such an obscure and lonesome place; he told me it was -that he might apply himself to his profession without interruption, and -wondered not a little how I found him out. I asked if he was unwilling -to be made known to some great man, for that I believed it might turn to -his profit; he answered, he was yet but a beginner, but would not be -sorry to sell off that piece; on demanding the price, he said £100. In -good earnest, the very frame was worth the money, there being nothing in -nature so tender and delicate as the flowers and festoons about it, and -yet the work was very strong; in the piece was more than one hundred -figures of men, etc. I found he was likewise musical, and very civil, -sober, and discreet in his discourse. There was only an old woman in the -house. So, desiring leave to visit him sometimes, I went away. - - [Footnote 22: Better known by the name of Grinling Gibbon; - celebrated for his exquisite carving. Some of his most astonishing - work is at Chatsworth and at Petworth.] - -Of this young artist, together with my manner of finding him out, I -acquainted the King, and begged that he would give me leave to bring him -and his work to Whitehall, for that I would adventure my reputation with -his Majesty that he had never seen anything approach it, and that he -would be exceedingly pleased, and employ him. The King said he would -himself go see him. This was the first notice his Majesty ever had of -Mr. Gibbon. - -20th January, 1671. The King came to me in the Queen's withdrawing-room -from the circle of ladies, to talk with me as to what advance I had made -in the Dutch History. I dined with the Treasurer, and afterward we went -to the Secretary's Office, where we conferred about divers particulars. - -21st January, 1671. I was directed to go to Sir George Downing, who -having been a public minister in Holland, at the beginning of the war, -was to give me light in some material passages. - -This year the weather was so wet, stormy, and unseasonable, as had not -been known in many years. - -9th February, 1671. I saw the great ball danced by the Queen and -distinguished ladies at Whitehall Theater. Next day; was acted there the -famous play, called, "The Siege of Granada," two days acted -successively; there were indeed very glorious scenes and perspectives, -the work of Mr. Streeter, who well understands it.[23] - - [Footnote 23: Evelyn here refers to Dryden's "Conquest of Granada".] - -19th February, 1671. This day dined with me Mr. Surveyor, Dr. -Christopher Wren, and Mr. Pepys, Clerk of the Acts, two extraordinary, -ingenious, and knowing persons, and other friends. I carried them to see -the piece of carving which I had recommended to the King. - -25th February, 1671. Came to visit me one of the Lords Commissioners of -Scotland for the Union. - -28th February, 1671. The Treasurer acquainted me that his Majesty was -graciously pleased to nominate me one of the Council of Foreign -Plantations, and give me a salary of £500 per annum, to encourage me. - -29th February, 1671. I went to thank the Treasurer, who was my great -friend and loved me; I dined with him and much company, and went thence -to my Lord Arlington, Secretary of State, in whose favor I likewise was -upon many occasions, though I cultivated neither of their friendships by -any mean submissions. I kissed his Majesty's hand, on his making me one -of the new-established Council. - -[Sidenote: LONDON] - -1st March, 1671. I caused Mr. Gibbon to bring to Whitehall his -excellent piece of carving, where being come, I advertised his Majesty, -who asked me where it was; I told him in Sir Richard Browne's (my -father-in-law) chamber, and that if it pleased his Majesty to appoint -whither it should be brought, being large and though of wood, heavy, I -would take care for it. "No," says the King, "show me the way, I'll go -to Sir Richard's chamber," which he immediately did, walking along the -entries after me; as far as the ewry, till he came up into the room, -where I also lay. No sooner was he entered and cast his eyes on the -work, but he was astonished at the curiosity of it; and having -considered it a long time, and discoursed with Mr. Gibbon, whom I -brought to kiss his hand, he commanded it should be immediately carried -to the Queen's side to show her. It was carried up into her bedchamber, -where she and the King looked on and admired it again; the King, being -called away, left us with the Queen, believing she would have bought it, -it being a crucifix; but, when his Majesty was gone, a French peddling -woman, one Madame de Boord, who used to bring petticoats and fans, and -baubles, out of France to the ladies, began to find fault with several -things in the work, which she understood no more than an ass, or a -monkey, so as in a kind of indignation, I caused the person who brought -it to carry it back to the chamber, finding the Queen so much governed -by an ignorant Frenchwoman, and this incomparable artist had his labor -only for his pains, which not a little displeased me; and he was fain to -send it down to his cottage again; he not long after sold it for £80, -though well worth £100, without the frame, to Sir George Viner. - -His Majesty's Surveyor, Mr. Wren, faithfully promised me to employ -him.[24] I having also bespoke his Majesty for his work at Windsor, -which my friend, Mr. May, the architect there, was going to alter, and -repair universally; for, on the next day, I had a fair opportunity of -talking to his Majesty about it, in the lobby next the Queen's side, -where I presented him with some sheets of my history. I thence walked -with him through St. James's Park to the garden, where I both saw and -heard a very familiar discourse between ... and Mrs. Nelly,[25] as they -called an impudent comedian, she looking out of her garden on a terrace -at the top of the wall, and ... standing on the green walk under it. I -was heartily sorry at this scene. Thence the King walked to the Duchess -of Cleveland, another lady of pleasure, and curse of our nation. - - [Footnote 24: The carving in the choir, etc., of St. Paul's - Cathedral was executed by Gibbon.] - - [Footnote 25: Nell Gwynne: there can be no doubt as to the name with - which we are to fill up these blanks. This familiar interview of - Nelly and the King has afforded a subject for painters.] - -5th March, 1671. I dined at Greenwich, to take leave of Sir Thomas -Linch, going Governor of Jamaica. - -10th March, 1671. To London, about passing my patent as one of the -standing Council for Plantations, a considerable honor, the others in -the Council being chiefly noblemen and officers of state. - -[Illustration: _NELL GWYNNE_ - -_Photogravure after Sir Peter Lely_] - -2d April, 1671. To Sir Thomas Clifford, the Treasurer, to condole with -him on the loss of his eldest son, who died at Florence. - -2d May, 1671. The French King, being now with a great army of 28,000 men -about Dunkirk, divers of the grandees of that Court, and a vast number -of gentlemen and cadets, in fantastical habits, came flocking over to -see our Court and compliment his Majesty. I was present, when they first -were conducted into the Queen's withdrawing-room, where saluted their -Majesties the Dukes of Guise, Longueville, and many others of the first -rank. - -10th May, 1671. Dined at Mr. Treasurer's,[26] in company with Monsieur -De Grammont and several French noblemen, and one Blood, that impudent, -bold fellow who had not long before attempted to steal the imperial -crown itself out of the Tower, pretending only curiosity of seeing the -regalia there, when, stabbing the keeper, though not mortally, he boldly -went away with it through all the guards, taken only by the accident of -his horse falling down. How he came to be pardoned, and even received -into favor, not only after this, but several other exploits almost as -daring both in Ireland and here, I could never come to understand. Some -believed he became a spy of several parties, being well with the -sectaries and enthusiasts, and did his Majesty services that way, which -none alive could do so well as he; but it was certainly the boldest -attempt, so the only treason of this sort that was ever pardoned. This -man had not only a daring but a villanous, unmerciful look, a false -countenance, but very well-spoken and dangerously insinuating. - - [Footnote 26: This entry of 10th May, 1671, so far as it relates to - Blood, and the stealing of the crown, etc., is a mistake. Blood - stole the crown on the 9th of May, 1671--the very day before; and - the "not long before" of Evelyn, and the circumstance of his being - "pardoned," which Evelyn also mentions, can hardly be said to relate - to only the day before.] - -11th May, 1671. I went to Eltham, to sit as one of the commissioners -about the subsidy now given by Parliament to his Majesty. - -17th May, 1671. Dined at Mr. Treasurer's [Sir Thomas Clifford] with -the Earl of Arlington, Carlingford, Lord Arundel of Wardour, Lord -Almoner to the Queen, a French Count and two abbots, with several more -of French nobility; and now by something I had lately observed of Mr. -Treasurer's conversation on occasion, I suspected him a little warping -to Rome. - -25th May, 1671. I dined at a feast made for me and my wife by the -Trinity Company, for our passing a fine of the land which Sir R. Browne, -my wife's father, freely gave to found and build their college, or -almshouses on, at Deptford, it being my wife's after her father's -decease. It was a good and charitable work and gift, but would have been -better bestowed on the poor of that parish, than on the seamen's widows, -the Trinity Company being very rich, and the rest of the poor of the -parish exceedingly indigent. - -[Sidenote: LONDON] - -26th May, 1671. The Earl of Bristol's house in Queen's Street -[Lincoln's Inn Fields] was taken for the Commissioners of Trade and -Plantations, and furnished with rich hangings of the King's. It -consisted of seven rooms on a floor, with a long gallery, gardens, etc. -This day we met the Duke of Buckingham, Earl of Lauderdale, Lord -Culpeper, Sir George Carteret, Vice-Chamberlain, and myself, had the -oaths given us by the Earl of Sandwich, our President. It was to advise -and counsel his Majesty, to the best of our abilities, for the -well-governing of his Foreign Plantations, etc., the form very little -differing from that given to the Privy Council. We then took our places -at the Board in the Council-Chamber, a very large room furnished with -atlases, maps, charts, globes, etc. Then came the Lord Keeper, Sir -Orlando Bridgeman, Earl of Arlington, Secretary of State, Lord Ashley, -Mr. Treasurer, Sir John Trevor, the other Secretary, Sir John Duncomb, -Lord Allington, Mr. Grey, son to the Lord Grey, Mr. Henry Broncher, Sir -Humphrey Winch, Sir John Finch, Mr. Waller, and Colonel Titus, of the -bedchamber, with Mr. Slingsby, Secretary to the Council, and two Clerks -of the Council, who had all been sworn some days before. Being all set, -our Patent was read, and then the additional Patent, in which was -recited this new establishment; then, was delivered to each a copy of -the Patent, and of instructions: after which, we proceeded to business. - -The first thing we did was, to settle the form of a circular letter to -the Governors of all his Majesty's Plantations and Territories in the -West Indies and Islands thereof, to give them notice to whom they should -apply themselves on all occasions, and to render us an account of their -present state and government; but, what we most insisted on was, to know -the condition of New England, which appearing to be very independent as -to their regard to Old England, or his Majesty, rich and strong as they -now were, there were great debates in what style to write to them; for -the condition of that Colony was such, that they were able to contest -with all other Plantations about them, and there was fear of their -breaking from all dependence on this nation; his Majesty, therefore, -commended this affair more expressly. We, therefore, thought fit, in the -first place, to acquaint ourselves as well as we could of the state of -that place, by some whom we heard of that were newly come from thence, -and to be informed of their present posture and condition; some of our -Council were for sending them a menacing letter, which those who better -understood the peevish and touchy humor of that Colony, were utterly -against. - -A letter was then read from Sir Thomas Modiford, Governor of Jamaica; -and then the Council broke up. - -Having brought an action against one Cocke, for money which he had -received for me, it had been referred to an arbitration by the -recommendation of that excellent good man, the Chief-Justice Hale,[27] -but, this not succeeding, I went to advise with that famous lawyer, Mr. -Jones, of Gray's Inn, and, 27th of May, had a trial before Lord Chief -Justice Hale; and, after the lawyers had wrangled sufficiently, it was -referred to a new arbitration. This was the very first suit at law that -ever I had with any creature, and oh, that it might be the last! - - [Footnote 27: Sir Matthew Hale, so famous as one of the justices of - the bench in Cromwell's time. After the Restoration, he became Chief - Baron of the Exchequer; then Chief Justice of the King's Bench, and - died in 1676. The author of numerous works, not only on professional - subjects, but on mathematics and philosophy.] - -1st June, 1671. An installation at Windsor. - -6th June, 1671. I went to Council, where was produced a most exact and -ample information of the state of Jamaica, and of the best expedients as -to New England, on which there was a long debate; but at length it was -concluded that, if any, it should be only a conciliating paper at first, -or civil letter, till we had better information of the present face of -things, since we understood they were a people almost upon the very -brink of renouncing any dependence on the Crown. - -19th June, 1671. To a splendid dinner at the great room in Deptford -Trinity House, Sir Thomas Allen chosen Master, and succeeding the Earl -of Craven. - -[Sidenote: LONDON] - -20th June, 1671. To carry Colonel Middleton to Whitehall, to my Lord -Sandwich, our President, for some information which he was able to give -of the state of the Colony in New England. - -21st June, 1671. To Council again, when one Colonel Cartwright, a -Nottinghamshire man, (formerly in commission with Colonel Nicholls) gave -us a considerable relation of that country; on which the Council -concluded that in the first place a letter of amnesty should be -dispatched. - -24th June, 1671. Constantine Huygens, Signor of Zuylichem, that -excellent learned man, poet, and musician, now near eighty years of age, -a vigorous, brisk man,[28] came to take leave of me before his return -into Holland with the Prince, whose Secretary he was. - - [Footnote 28: He died in 1687, at the great age of 90 years and 6 - months. Constantine and his son, Christian Huygens, were both - eminent for scientific knowledge and classical attainments; - Christian, particularly so; for he was the inventor of the pendulum, - made an improvement in the air-pump, first discovered the ring and - one of the satellites of Saturn, and ascertained the laws of - collision of elastic bodies. He died in 1695. Constantine, the - father, was a person of influence and distinction in Holland, and - held the post of secretary to the Prince of Orange.] - -26th June, 1671. To Council, where Lord Arlington acquainted us that it -was his Majesty's proposal we should, every one of us, contribute £20 -toward building a Council chamber and conveniences somewhere in -Whitehall, that his Majesty might come and sit among us, and hear our -debates; the money we laid out to be reimbursed out of the contingent -moneys already set apart for us, viz, £1,000 yearly. To this we -unanimously consented. There came an uncertain bruit from Barbadoes of -some disorder there. On my return home I stepped in at the theater to -see the new machines for the intended scenes, which were indeed very -costly and magnificent. - -29th June, 1671. To Council, where were letters from Sir Thomas -Modiford, of the expedition and exploit of Colonel Morgan, and others of -Jamaica, on the Spanish Continent at Panama. - -4th July, 1671. To Council, where we drew up and agreed to a letter to -be sent to New England, and made some proposal to Mr. Gorges, for his -interest in a plantation there. - -24th July, 1671. To Council. Mr. Surveyor brought us a plot for the -building of our Council chamber, to be erected at the end of the Privy -garden, in Whitehall. - -3d August, 1671. A full appearance at the Council. The matter in debate -was, whether we should send a deputy to New England, requiring them of -the Massachusetts to restore such to their limits and respective -possessions, as had petitioned the Council; this to be the open -commission only; but, in truth, with secret instructions to inform us of -the condition of those Colonies, and whether they were of such power, as -to be able to resist his Majesty and declare for themselves as -independent of the Crown, which we were told, and which of late years -made them refractory. Colonel Middleton, being called in, assured us -they might be curbed by a few of his Majesty's first-rate frigates, to -spoil their trade with the islands; but, though my Lord President was -not satisfied, the rest were, and we did resolve to advise his Majesty -to send Commissioners with a formal commission for adjusting boundaries, -etc., with some other instructions. - -19th August, 1671. To Council. The letters of Sir Thomas Modiford were -read, giving relation of the exploit at Panama, which was very brave; -they took, burned, and pillaged the town of vast treasures, but the best -of the booty had been shipped off, and lay at anchor in the South Sea, -so that, after our men had ranged the country sixty miles about, they -went back to Nombre de Dios, and embarked for Jamaica. Such an action -had not been done since the famous Drake. - -I dined at the Hamburg Resident's, and, after dinner, went to the -christening of Sir Samuel Tuke's son, Charles, at Somerset House, by a -Popish priest, and many odd ceremonies. The godfathers were the King, -and Lord Arundel of Wardour, and godmother, the Countess of Huntingdon. - -[Sidenote: LONDON] - -29th August, 1671. To London, with some more papers of my progress in -the Dutch War, delivered to the Treasurer. - -1st September, 1671. Dined with the Treasurer, in company with my Lord -Arlington, Halifax, and Sir Thomas Strickland; and next day, went home, -being the anniversary of the late dreadful fire of London. - -13th September, 1671. This night fell a dreadful tempest. - -15th September, 1671. In the afternoon at Council, where letters were -read from Sir Charles Wheeler, concerning his resigning his government -of St. Christopher's. - -21st September, 1671. I dined in the city, at the fraternity feast in -Ironmongers' Hall, where the four stewards chose their successors for -the next year, with a solemn procession, garlands about their heads, and -music playing before them; so, coming up to the upper tables where the -gentlemen sat, they drank to the new stewards; and so we parted. - -22d September, 1671. I dined at the Treasurer's, where I had discourse -with Sir Henry Jones (now come over to raise a regiment of horse), -concerning the French conquests in Lorraine; he told me the King sold -all things to the soldiers, even to a handful of hay. - -Lord Sunderland was now nominated Ambassador to Spain. - -After dinner, the Treasurer carried me to Lincoln's Inn, to one of the -Parliament Clerks, to obtain of him, that I might carry home and peruse, -some of the Journals, which were, accordingly, delivered to me to -examine about the late Dutch War. Returning home, I went on shore to see -the Custom House, now newly rebuilt since the dreadful conflagration. - -[Sidenote: LONDON] - -9th and 10th October, 1671. I went, after evening service, to London, -in order to a journey of refreshment with Mr. Treasurer, to Newmarket, -where the King then was, in his coach with six brave horses, which we -changed thrice, first, at Bishop-Stortford, and last, at Chesterford; -so, by night, we got to Newmarket, where Mr. Henry Jermain (nephew to -the Earl of St. Alban) lodged me very civilly. We proceeded immediately -to Court, the King and all the English gallants being there at their -autumnal sports. Supped at the Lord Chamberlain's; and, the next day, -after dinner, I was on the heath, where I saw the great match run -between Woodcock and Flatfoot, belonging to the King, and to Mr. Eliot, -of the bedchamber, many thousands being spectators; a more signal race -had not been run for many years. - -This over, I went that night with Mr. Treasurer to Euston, a palace of -Lord Arlington's, where we found Monsieur Colbert (the French -Ambassador), and the famous new French Maid of Honor, Mademoiselle -Querouaille, now coming to be in great favor with the King. Here was -also the Countess of Sunderland, and several lords and ladies, who -lodged in the house. - -During my stay here with Lord Arlington, near a fortnight, his Majesty -came almost every second day with the Duke, who commonly returned to -Newmarket, but the King often lay here, during which time I had twice -the honor to sit at dinner with him, with all freedom. It was -universally reported that the fair lady ----, was bedded one of these -nights, and the stocking flung, after the manner of a married bride; I -acknowledge she was for the most part in her undress all day, and that -there was fondness and toying with that young wanton; nay, it was said, -I was at the former ceremony; but it is utterly false; I neither saw nor -heard of any such thing while I was there, though I had been in her -chamber, and all over that apartment late enough, and was myself -observing all passages with much curiosity. However, it was with -confidence believed she was first made _a Miss_, as they called these -unhappy creatures, with solemnity at this time. - -On Sunday, a young Cambridge divine preached an excellent sermon in the -chapel, the King and the Duke of York being present. - -16th October, 1671. Came all the great men from Newmarket, and other -parts both of Suffolk and Norfolk, to make their court, the whole house -filled from one end to the other with lords, ladies, and gallants; there -was such a furnished table, as I had seldom seen, nor anything more -splendid and free, so that for fifteen days there were entertained at -least 200 people, and half as many horses, besides servants and guards, -at infinite expense. - -In the morning, we went hunting and hawking; in the afternoon, till -almost morning, to cards and dice, yet I must say without noise, -swearing, quarrel, or confusion of any sort. I, who was no gamester, had -often discourse with the French Ambassador, Colbert, and went sometimes -abroad on horseback with the ladies to take the air, and now and then to -hunting; thus idly passing the time, but not without more often recess -to my pretty apartment, where I was quite out of all this hurry, and had -leisure when I would, to converse with books, for there is no man more -hospitably easy to be withal than my Lord Arlington, of whose particular -friendship and kindness I had ever a more than ordinary share. His house -is a very noble pile, consisting of four pavilions after the French, -beside a body of a large house, and, though not built altogether, but -formed of additions to an old house (purchased by his Lordship of one -Sir T. Rookwood) yet with a vast expense made not only capable and -roomsome, but very magnificent and commodious, as well within as -without, nor less splendidly furnished. The staircase is very elegant, -the garden handsome, the canal beautiful, but the soil dry, barren, and -miserably sandy, which flies in drifts as the wind sits. Here my Lord -was pleased to advise with me about ordering his plantations of firs, -elms, limes, etc., up his park, and in all other places and avenues. I -persuaded him to bring his park so near as to comprehend his house -within it; which he resolved upon, it being now near a mile to it. The -water furnishing the fountains, is raised by a pretty engine, or very -slight plain wheels, which likewise serve to grind his corn, from a -small cascade of the canal, the invention of Sir Samuel Morland. In my -Lord's house, and especially above the staircase, in the great hall and -some of the chambers and rooms of state, are paintings in fresco by -Signor Verrio, being the first work which he did in England. - -[Sidenote: NORWICH] - -17th October, 1671. My Lord Henry Howard coming this night to visit my -Lord Chamberlain, and staying a day, would needs have me go with him to -Norwich, promising to convey me back, after a day or two; this, as I -could not refuse, I was not hard to be pursuaded to, having a desire to -see that famous scholar and physician, Dr. T. Browne, author of the -"_Religio Medici_" and "Vulgar Errors," now lately knighted. Thither, -then, went my Lord and I alone, in his flying chariot with six horses; -and by the way, discoursing with me of several of his concerns, he -acquainted me of his going to marry his eldest son to one of the King's -natural daughters, by the Duchess of Cleveland; by which he reckoned he -should come into mighty favor. He also told me that, though he kept that -idle creature, Mrs. B----, and would leave £200 a year to the son he had -by her, he would never marry her, and that the King himself had -cautioned him against it. All the world knows how he kept his promise, -and I was sorry at heart to hear what now he confessed to me; and that a -person and a family which I so much honored for the sake of that noble -and illustrious friend of mine, his grandfather, should dishonor and -pollute them both with those base and vicious courses he of late had -taken since the death of Sir Samuel Tuke, and that of his own virtuous -lady (my Lady Anne Somerset, sister to the Marquis); who, while they -lived, preserved this gentleman by their example and advice from those -many extravagances that impaired both his fortune and reputation. - -Being come to the Ducal palace, my Lord made very much of me; but I had -little rest, so exceedingly desirous he was to show me the contrivance -he had made for the entertainment of their Majesties, and the whole -Court not long before, and which, though much of it was but temporary, -apparently framed of boards only, was yet standing. As to the palace, it -is an old wretched building, and that part of it newly built of brick, -is very ill understood; so as I was of the opinion it had been much -better to have demolished all, and set it up in a better place, than to -proceed any further; for it stands in the very market-place, and, though -near a river, yet a very narrow muddy one, without any extent. - -Next morning, I went to see Sir Thomas Browne (with whom I had some -time corresponded by letter, though I had never seen him before); his -whole house and garden being a paradise and cabinet of rarities; and -that of the best collection, especially medals, books, plants, and -natural things. Among other curiosities, Sir Thomas had a collection of -the eggs of all the fowl and birds he could procure, that country -(especially the promontory of Norfolk) being frequented, as he said, by -several kinds which seldom or never go further into the land, as cranes, -storks, eagles, and variety of water fowl. He led me to see all the -remarkable places of this ancient city, being one of the largest, and -certainly, after London, one of the noblest of England, for its -venerable cathedral, number of stately churches, cleanness of the -streets, and buildings of flint so exquisitely headed and squared, as I -was much astonished at; but he told me they had lost the art of squaring -the flints, in which they so much excelled, and of which the churches, -best houses, and walls, are built. The Castle is an antique extent of -ground, which now they call Marsfield, and would have been a fitting -area to have placed the Ducal palace in. The suburbs are large, the -prospects sweet, with other amenities, not omitting the flower gardens, -in which all the inhabitants excel. The fabric of stuffs brings a vast -trade to this populous town. - -Being returned to my Lord's, who had been with me all this morning, he -advised with me concerning a plot to rebuild his house, having already, -as he said, erected a front next the street, and a left wing, and now -resolving to set up another wing and pavilion next the garden, and to -convert the bowling green into stables. My advice was, to desist from -all, and to meditate wholly on rebuilding a handsome palace at Arundel -House, in the Strand, before he proceeded further here, and then to -place this in the Castle, that ground belonging to his Lordship. - -I observed that most of the church yards (though some of them large -enough) were filled up with earth, or rather the congestion of dead -bodies one upon another, for want of earth, even to the very top of the -walls, and some above the walls, so as the churches seemed to be built -in pits. - -18th October, 1671. I returned to Euston, in Lord Henry Howard's coach, -leaving him at Norwich, in company with a very ingenious gentleman, Mr. -White, whose father and mother (daughter to the late Lord Treasurer -Weston, Earl of Portland) I knew at Rome, where this gentleman was born, -and where his parents lived and died with much reputation, during their -banishment in our civil broils. - -21st October, 1671. Quitting Euston, I lodged this night at Newmarket, -where I found the jolly blades racing, dancing, feasting, and reveling; -more resembling a luxurious and abandoned rout, than a Christian Court. -The Duke of Buckingham was now in mighty favor, and had with him that -impudent woman, the Countess of Shrewsbury, with his band of fiddlers, -etc. - -Next morning, in company with Sir Bernard Gascoyne, and Lord Hawley, I -came in the Treasurer's coach to Bishop Stortford, where he gave us a -noble supper. The following day, to London, and so home. - -14th November, 1671. To Council, where Sir Charles Wheeler, late -Governor of the Leeward Islands, having been complained of for many -indiscreet managements, it was resolved, on scanning many of the -particulars, to advise his Majesty to remove him; and consult what was -to be done, to prevent these inconveniences he had brought things to. -This business staid me in London almost a week, being in Council, or -Committee, every morning till the 25th. - -27th November, 1671. We ordered that a proclamation should be presented -to his Majesty to sign, against what Sir Charles Wheeler had done in St. -Christopher's since the war, on the articles of peace at Breda. He was -shortly afterward recalled. - -6th December, 1671. Came to visit me Sir William Haywood, a great -pretender to English antiquities. - -14th December, 1671. Went to see the Duke of Buckingham's ridiculous -farce and rhapsody, called the "The Recital,"[29] buffooning all plays, -yet profane enough. - - [Footnote 29: The well-known play of "The Rehearsal" is meant.] - -23d December, 1671. The Councillors of the Board of Trade dined together -at the Cock, in Suffolk street. - -12th January, 1671-72. His Majesty renewed us our lease of Sayes Court -pastures for ninety-nine years, but ought, according to his solemn -promise[30] (as I hope he will still perform), have passed them to us in -fee-farm. - - [Footnote 30: The King's engagement, under his hand, is now at - Wotton.] - -[Sidenote: LONDON] - -23d January, 1672. To London, in order to Sir Richard Browne, my -father-in-law, resigning his place as Clerk of the Council to Joseph -Williamson, Esq., who was admitted, and was knighted. This place his -Majesty had promised to give me many years before; but, upon -consideration of the renewal of our lease and other reasons, I chose to -part with it to Sir Joseph, who gave us and the rest of his brother -clerks a handsome supper at his house; and, after supper, a concert of -music. - -3d February, 1672. An extraordinary snow; part of the week was taken up -in consulting about the commission of prisoners of war, and instructions -to our officers, in order to a second war with the Hollanders, his -Majesty having made choice of the former commissioners, and myself among -them. - -11th February, 1672. In the afternoon, that famous proselyte, Monsieur -Brevall, preached at the Abbey, in English, extremely well and with much -eloquence. He had been a Capuchin, but much better learned than most of -that order. - -12th February, 1672. At the Council, we entered on inquiries about -improving the plantations by silks, galls, flax, senna, etc., and -considered how nutmegs and cinnamon might be obtained and brought to -Jamaica, that soil and climate promising success. Dr. Worsley being -called in, spoke many considerable things to encourage it. We took order -to send to the plantations, that none of their ships should adventure -homeward single, but stay for company and convoys. We also deliberated -on some fit person to go as commissioner to inspect their actions in New -England, and, from time to time, report how that people stood affected. -In future, to meet at Whitehall. - -20th February, 1672. Dr. Parr, of Camberwell, preached a most pathetic -funeral discourse and panegyric at the interment of our late pastor, Dr. -Breton (who died on the 18th), on "Happy is the servant whom, when his -Lord cometh," etc. This good man, among other expressions, professed -that he had never been so touched and concerned at any loss as at this, -unless at that of King Charles our martyr, and Archbishop Usher, whose -chaplain he had been. Dr. Breton had preached on the 28th and 30th of -January: on the Friday, having fasted all day, making his provisionary -sermon for the Sunday following, he went well to bed; but was taken -suddenly ill and expired before help could come to him. - -Never had a parish a greater loss, not only as he was an excellent -preacher, and fitted for our great and vulgar auditory, but for his -excellent life and charity, his meekness and obliging nature, -industrious, helpful, and full of good works. He left near £400 to the -poor in his will, and that what children of his should die in their -minority, their portion should be so employed, I lost in particular a -special friend, and one that had an extraordinary love for me and mine. - -[Sidenote: LONDON] - -25th February, 1672. To London, to speak with the Bishop, and Sir John -Cutler, our patron, to present Mr. Frampton (afterward Bishop of -Gloucester). - -1st March, 1672. A full Council of Plantations, on the danger of the -Leeward Islands, threatened by the French, who had taken some of our -ships, and began to interrupt our trade. Also in debate, whether the new -Governor of St. Christopher should be subordinate to the Governor of -Barbadoes. The debate was serious and long. - -12th March, 1672. Now was the first blow given by us to the Dutch convoy -of the Smyrna fleet, by Sir Robert Holmes and Lord Ossory, in which we -received little save blows, and a worthy reproach for attacking our -neighbors ere any war was proclaimed, and then pretending the occasion -to be, that some time before, the Merlin yacht chancing to sail through -the whole Dutch fleet, their Admiral did not strike to that trifling -vessel. Surely, this was a quarrel slenderly grounded, and not becoming -Christian neighbors. We are likely to thrive, accordingly. Lord Ossory -several times deplored to me his being engaged in it; he had more -justice and honor than in the least to approve of it, though he had been -over-persuaded to the expedition. There is no doubt but we should have -surprised this exceeding rich fleet, had not the avarice and ambition of -Holmes and Spragge separated themselves, and willfully divided our -fleet, on presumption that either of them was strong enough to deal with -the Dutch convoy without joining and mutual help; but they so warmly -plied our divided fleets, that while in conflict the merchants sailed -away, and got safe into Holland. - -A few days before this, the Treasurer of the Household, Sir Thomas -Clifford, hinted to me, as a confidant, that his Majesty would SHUT UP -THE EXCHEQUER (and, accordingly, his Majesty made use of infinite -treasure there, to prepare for an intended rupture); but, says he, it -will soon be open again, and everybody satisfied; for this bold man, who -had been the sole adviser of the King to invade that sacred stock -(though some pretend it was Lord Ashley's counsel, then Chancellor of -the Exchequer), was so over-confident of the success of this unworthy -design against the Smyrna merchants, as to put his Majesty on an action -which not only lost the hearts of his subjects, and ruined many widows -and orphans, whose stocks were lent him, but the reputation of his -Exchequer forever, it being before in such credit, that he might have -commanded half the wealth of the nation. - -The credit of this bank being thus broken, did exceedingly discontent -the people, and never did his Majesty's affairs prosper to any purpose -after it, for as it did not supply the expense of the meditated war, so -it melted away, I know not how. - -To this succeeded the King's declaration for an universal toleration; -Papists and swarms of Sectaries, now boldly showing themselves in their -public meetings. This was imputed to the same council, Clifford warping -to Rome as was believed, nor was Lord Arlington clear of suspicion, to -gratify that party, but as since it has proved, and was then evidently -foreseen, to the extreme weakening of the Church of England and its -Episcopal Government, as it was projected. I speak not this as my own -sense, but what was the discourse and thoughts of others, who were -lookers-on; for I think there might be some relaxations without the -least prejudice to the present establishment, discreetly limited, but to -let go the reins in this manner, and then to imagine they could take -them up again as easily, was a false policy, and greatly destructive. -The truth is, our Bishops slipped the occasion; for, had they held a -steady hand upon his Majesty's restoration, as they might easily have -done, the Church of England had emerged and flourished, without -interruption; but they were then remiss, and covetous after advantages -of another kind while his Majesty suffered them to come into a harvest, -with which, without any injustice he might have remunerated innumerable -gallant gentlemen for their services who had ruined themselves in the -late rebellion. - -21st March, 1672. I visited the coasts in my district of Kent, and -divers wounded and languishing poor men, that had been in the Smyrna -conflict. I went over to see the new-begun Fort of Tilbury; a royal -work, indeed, and such as will one day bridle a great city to the -purpose, before they are aware. - -23d March, 1672. Captain Cox, one of the Commissioners of the Navy, -furnishing me with a yatch, I sailed to Sheerness to see that fort also, -now newly finished; several places on both sides the Swale and Medway to -Gillingham and Upnore, being also provided with redoubts and batteries -to secure the station of our men-of-war at Chatham, and shut the door -when the steeds were stolen. - -24th March, 1672. I saw the chirurgeon cut off the leg of a wounded -sailor, the stout and gallant man enduring it with incredible patience, -without being bound to his chair, as usual on such painful occasions. I -had hardly courage enough to be present. Not being cut off high enough -the gangrene prevailed, and the second operation cost the poor creature -his life. - -Lord! what miseries are mortal men subject to, and what confusion and -mischief do the avarice, anger, and ambition of Princes, cause in the -world! - -25th March, 1672. I proceeded to Canterbury, Dover, Deal, the Isle of -Thanet, by Sandwich, and so to Margate. Here we had abundance of -miserably wounded men, his Majesty sending his chief chirurgeon, -Sergeant Knight, to meet me, and Dr. Waldrond had attended me all the -journey. Having taken order for the accommodation of the wounded, I came -back through a country the best cultivated of any that in my life I had -anywhere seen, every field lying as even as a bowling-green, and the -fences, plantations, and husbandry, in such admirable order, as -infinitely delighted me, after the sad and afflicting spectacles and -objects I was come from. Observing almost every tall tree to have a -weathercock on the top bough, and some trees half-a-dozen, I learned -that, on a certain holyday, the farmers feast their servants; at which -solemnity, they set up these cocks, in a kind of triumph. - -[Sidenote: ROCHESTER] - -Being come back toward Rochester, I went to take order respecting the -building a strong and high wall about a house I had hired of a -gentleman, at a place called Hartlip, for a prison, paying £50 yearly -rent. Here I settled a Provost-Marshal and other officers, returning by -Feversham. On the 30th heard a sermon in Rochester cathedral, and so got -to Sayes Court on the first of April. - -4th April, 1672. I went to see the fopperies of the Papists at -Somerset-House and York-House, where now the French Ambassador had -caused to be represented our Blessed Savior at the Pascal Supper with -his disciples, in figures and puppets made as big as the life, of -wax-work, curiously clad and sitting round a large table, the room nobly -hung, and shining with innumerable lamps and candles: this was exposed -to all the world; all the city came to see it. Such liberty had the -Roman Catholics at this time obtained. - -16th April, 1672. Sat in Council, preparing Lord Willoughby's commission -and instructions as Governor of Barbadoes and the Caribbee Islands. - -17th April, 1672. Sat on business in the Star Chamber. - -19th April, 1672. At Council, preparing instructions for Colonel -Stapleton, now to go Governor of St. Christopher's, and heard the -complaints of the Jamaica merchants against the Spaniards, for hindering -them from cutting logwood on the mainland, where they have no pretense. - -21st April, 1672. To my Lord of Canterbury, to entreat him to engage Sir -John Cutler, the patron, to provide us a grave and learned man, in -opposition to a novice. - -30th April, 1672. Congratulated Mr. Treasurer Clifford's new honor, -being made a Baron. - -2d May, 1672. My son, John, was specially admitted of the Middle Temple -by Sir Francis North, his Majesty's Solicitor-General, and since -Chancellor. I pray God bless this beginning, my intention being that he -should seriously apply himself to the study of the law. - -10th May, 1672. I was ordered, by letter from the Council, to repair -forthwith to his Majesty, whom I found in the Pall-Mall, in St. James's -Park, where his Majesty coming to me from the company, commanded me to -go immediately to the seacoast, and to observe the motion of the Dutch -fleet and ours, the Duke and so many of the flower of our nation being -now under sail, coming from Portsmouth, through the Downs, where it was -believed there might be an encounter. - -11th May, 1672. Went to Chatham. 12th. Heard a sermon in Rochester -Cathedral. - -13th May, 1672. To Canterbury; visited Dr. Bargrave, my old -fellow-traveler in Italy, and great virtuoso. - -14th May, 1672. To Dover; but the fleet did not appear till the 16th, -when the Duke of York with his and the French squadron, in all 170 ships -(of which above 100 were men-of-war), sailed by, after the Dutch, who -were newly withdrawn. Such a gallant and formidable navy never, I think, -spread sail upon the seas. It was a goodly yet terrible sight, to behold -them as I did, passing eastward by the straits between Dover and Calais -in a glorious day. The wind was yet so high, that I could not well go -aboard, and they were soon got out of sight. The next day, having -visited our prisoners and the Castle, and saluted the Governor, I took -horse for Margate. Here, from the North Foreland Lighthouse top (which -is a pharos, built of brick, and having on the top a cradle of iron, in -which a man attends a great sea-coal fire all the year long, when the -nights are dark, for the safeguard of sailors), we could see our fleet -as they lay at anchor. The next morning, they weighed, and sailed out of -sight to the N. E. - -[Sidenote: MARGATE] - -19th May, 1672. Went to Margate; and, the following day, was carried to -see a gallant widow, brought up a farmeress, and I think of gigantic -race, rich, comely, and exceedingly industrious. She put me in mind of -Deborah and Abigail, her house was so plentifully stored with all manner -of country provisions, all of her own growth, and all her conveniences -so substantial, neat, and well understood; she herself so jolly and -hospitable; and her land so trim and rarely husbanded, that it struck me -with admiration at her economy. - -This town much consists of brewers of a certain heady ale, and they deal -much in malt, etc. For the rest, it is raggedly built, and has an ill -haven, with a small fort of little concernment, nor is the island well -disciplined; but as to the husbandry and rural part, far exceeding any -part of England for the accurate culture of their ground, in which they -exceed, even to curiosity and emulation. - -We passed by Rickborough, and in sight of Reculvers, and so through a -sweet garden, as it were, to Canterbury. - -24th May, 1672. To London and gave his Majesty an account of my journey, -and that I had put all things in readiness upon all events, and so -returned home sufficiently wearied. - -31st May, 1672. I received another command to repair to the seaside; so -I went to Rochester, where I found many wounded, sick, and prisoners, -newly put on shore after the engagement on the 28th, in which the Earl -of Sandwich, that incomparable person and my particular friend, and -divers more whom I loved, were lost. My Lord (who was Admiral of the -Blue) was in the "Prince," which was burnt, one of the best men-of-war -that ever spread canvas on the sea. There were lost with this brave man, -a son of Sir Charles Cotterell (Master of the Ceremonies), and a son of -Sir Charles Harbord (his Majesty's Surveyor-General), two valiant and -most accomplished youths, full of virtue and courage, who might have -saved themselves; but chose to perish with my Lord, whom they honored -and loved above their own lives. - -Here, I cannot but make some reflections on things past. It was not -above a day or two that going to Whitehall to take leave of his -Lordship, who had his lodgings in the Privy-Garden, shaking me by the -hand he bid me good-by, and said he thought he would see me no more, and -I saw, to my thinking, something boding in his countenance: "No," says -he, "they will not have me live. Had I lost a fleet (meaning on his -return from Bergen when he took the East India prize) I should have -fared better; but, be as it pleases God--I must do something, I know not -what, to save my reputation." Something to this effect, he had hinted to -me; thus I took my leave. I well remember that the Duke of Albemarle, -and my now Lord Clifford, had, I know not why, no great opinion of his -courage, because, in former conflicts, being an able and experienced -seaman (which neither of them were), he always brought off his Majesty's -ships without loss, though not without as many marks of true courage as -the stoutest of them; and I am a witness that, in the late war, his own -ship was pierced like a colander. But the business was, he was utterly -against this war from the beginning, and abhorred the attacking of the -Smyrna fleet; he did not favor the heady expedition of Clifford at -Bergen, nor was he so furious and confident as was the Duke of -Albemarle, who believed he could vanquish the Hollanders with one -squadron. My Lord Sandwich was prudent as well as valiant, and always -governed his affairs with success and little loss; he was for -deliberation and reason, they for action and slaughter without either; -and for this, whispered as if my Lord Sandwich was not so gallant, -because he was not so rash, and knew how fatal it was to lose a fleet, -such as was that under his conduct, and for which these very persons -would have censured him on the other side. This it was, I am confident, -grieved him, and made him enter like a lion, and fight like one too, in -the midst of the hottest service, where the stoutest of the rest seeing -him engaged, and so many ships upon him, dared not, or would not, come -to his succor, as some of them, whom I know, might have done. Thus, this -gallant person perished, to gratify the pride and envy of some I named. - -Deplorable was the loss of one of the best accomplished persons, not -only of this nation, but of any other. He was learned in sea affairs, in -politics, in mathematics, and in music: he had been on divers embassies, -was of a sweet and obliging temper, sober, chaste, very ingenious, a -true nobleman, an ornament to the Court and his Prince; nor has he left -any behind him who approach his many virtues. - -He had, I confess, served the tyrant Cromwell, when a young man, but it -was without malice, as a soldier of fortune; and he readily submitted, -and that with joy, bringing an entire fleet with him from the Sound, at -the first tidings of his Majesty's restoration. I verily believe him as -faithful a subject as any that were not his friends. I am yet heartily -grieved at this mighty loss, nor do I call it to my thoughts without -emotion. - -[Sidenote: ROCHESTER] - -2d June, 1672. Trinity Sunday, I passed at Rochester; and, on the 5th, -there was buried in the Cathedral Monsieur Rabiniére, Rear Admiral of -the French squadron, a gallant person, who died of the wounds he -received in the fight. This ceremony lay on me, which I performed with -all the decency I could, inviting the Mayor and Aldermen to come in -their formalities. Sir Jonas Atkins was there with his guards; and the -Dean and Prebendaries: one of his countrymen pronouncing a funeral -oration at the brink of his grave, which I caused to be dug in the -choir. This is more at large described in the "Gazette" of that day; -Colonel Reymes, my colleague in commission, assisting, who was so kind -as to accompany me from London, though it was not his district; for -indeed the stress of both these wars lay more on me by far than on any -of my brethren, who had little to do in theirs. I went to see Upnore -Castle, which I found pretty well defended, but of no great moment. - -Next day I sailed to the fleet, now riding at the buoy of the "Nore," -where I met his Majesty, the Duke, Lord Arlington, and all the great -men, in the "Charles," lying miserably shattered; but the miss of Lord -Sandwich redoubled the loss to me, and showed the folly of hazarding so -brave a fleet, and losing so many good men, for no provocation but that -the Hollanders exceeded us in industry, and in all things but envy. - -At Sheerness, I gave his Majesty and his Royal Highness an account of my -charge, and returned to Queenborough; next day dined at Major Dorel's, -Governor of Sheerness; thence, to Rochester; and the following day, -home. - -12th June, 1672. To London to his Majesty, to solicit for money for the -sick and wounded, which he promised me. - -19th June, 1672. To London again, to solicit the same. - -21st June, 1672. At a Council of Plantations. Most of this week busied -with the sick and wounded. - -3d July, 1672. To Lord Sandwich's funeral, which was by water to -Westminster, in solemn pomp. - -31st July, 1672. I entertained the Maids of Honor (among whom there was -one I infinitely esteemed for her many and extraordinary virtues[31]) at -a comedy this afternoon, and so went home. - - [Footnote 31: Mrs. Blagg whom Evelyn never tires of instancing and - characterizing as a rare example of piety and virtue, in so rare a - wit, beauty, and perfection, in a licentious court, and depraved - age. She was afterward married to Mr. Godolphin, and her life, - written by Evelyn, has been edited and published by the Bishop of - Oxford.] - -1st August, 1672. I was at the betrothal of Lord Arlington's only -daughter (a sweet child if ever there was any[32]) to the Duke of -Grafton, the King's natural son by the Duchess of Cleveland; the -Archbishop of Canterbury officiating, the King and the grandees being -present. I had a favor given me by my Lady; but took no great joy at the -thing for many reasons. - - [Footnote 32: She was then only fifteen years old.] - -18th August, 1672. Sir James Hayes, Secretary to Prince Rupert, dined -with me; after dinner I was sent to Gravesend to dispose of no fewer -than 800 sick men. That night I got to the fleet at the buoy of the -"Nore," where I spoke with the King and the Duke; and, after dinner next -day, returned to Gravesend. - -1st September, 1672. I spent this week in soliciting for moneys, and in -reading to my Lord Clifford my papers relating to the first Holland war. -Now, our Council of Plantations met at Lord Shaftesbury's (Chancellor of -the Exchequer) to read and reform the draft of our new Patent, joining -the Council of Trade to our political capacities. After this, I returned -home, in order to another excursion to the seaside, to get as many as -possible of the men who were recovered on board the fleet. - -8th September, 1672. I lay at Gravesend, thence to Rochester, returning -on the 11th. - -15th September, 1672. Dr. Duport, Greek Professor of Cambridge, preached -before the King, on 1 Timothy vi. 6. No great preacher, but a very -worthy and learned man. - -25th September, 1672. I dined at Lord John Berkeley's, newly arrived -out of Ireland, where he had been Deputy; it was in his new house, or -rather palace; for I am assured it stood him in near £30,000. It was -very well built, and has many noble rooms, but they are not very -convenient, consisting but of one _Corps de Logis_; they are all rooms -of state, without closets. The staircase is of cedar, the furniture is -princely: the kitchen and stables are ill placed, and the corridor -worse, having no report to the wings they join to. For the rest, the -fore-court is noble, so are the stables; and, above all, the gardens, -which are incomparable by reason of the inequality of the ground, and a -pretty piscina. The holly hedges on the terrace I advised the planting -of. The porticos are in imitation of a house described by Palladio; but -it happens to be the worst in his book, though my good friend, Mr. Hugh -May, his Lordship's architect, effected it. - -[Sidenote: LONDON] - -26th September, 1672. I carried with me to dinner my Lord H. Howard (now -to be made Earl of Norwich and Earl Marshal of England) to Sir Robert -Clayton's, now Sheriff of London, at his new house, where we had a great -feast; it is built indeed for a great magistrate, at excessive cost. The -cedar dining room is painted with the history of the Giants' War, -incomparably done by Mr. Streeter, but the figures are too near the eye. - -6th October, 1672. Dr. Thistlethwaite preached at Whitehall on Rev. v. -2,--a young, but good preacher. I received the blessed Communion, Dr. -Blandford, Bishop of Worcester, and Dean of the Chapel, officiating. -Dined at my Lord Clifford's, with Lord Mulgrave, Sir Gilbert Talbot, and -Sir Robert Holmes. - -8th October, 1672. I took leave of my Lady Sunderland, who was going to -Paris to my Lord, now ambassador there. She made me stay to dinner at -Leicester House, and afterward sent for Richardson, the famous -fire-eater. He devoured brimstone on glowing coals before us, chewing -and swallowing them; he melted a beer-glass and ate it quite up; then, -taking a live coal on his tongue, he put on it a raw oyster, the coal -was blown on with bellows till it flamed and sparkled in his mouth, and -so remained till the oyster gaped and was quite boiled. Then, he melted -pitch and wax with sulphur, which he drank down as it flamed; I saw it -flaming in his mouth a good while; he also took up a thick piece of -iron, such as laundresses use to put in their smoothing boxes, when it -was fiery hot, held it between his teeth, then in his hand, and threw it -about like a stone; but this, I observed, he cared not to hold very -long; then he stood on a small pot, and, bending his body, took a -glowing iron with his mouth from between his feet, without touching the -pot, or ground, with his hands; with divers other prodigious feats. - -13th October, 1672. After sermon (being summoned before), I went to my -Lord Keeper's, Sir Orlando Bridgeman, at Essex House, where our new -patent was opened and read, constituting us that were of the Council of -Plantations, to be now of the Council of Trade also, both united. After -the patent was read, we all took our oaths, and departed. - -24th October, 1672. Met in Council, the Earl of Shaftesbury, now our -president, swearing our secretary and his clerks, which was Mr. Locke, -an excellent learned gentleman, and student of Christ Church, Mr. Lloyd, -and Mr. Frowde. We dispatched a letter to Sir Thomas Linch, Governor of -Jamaica, giving him notice of a design of the Dutch on that island. - -27th October, 1672. I went to hear that famous preacher, Dr. Frampton, -at St. Giles's, on Psalm xxxix. 6. This divine had been twice at -Jerusalem, and was not only a very pious and holy man, but excellent in -the pulpit for the moving affections. - -8th November, 1672. At Council, we debated the business of the consulate -of Leghorn. I was of the committee with Sir Humphry Winch, the chairman, -to examine the laws of his Majesty's several plantations and colonies in -the West Indies, etc. - -15th November, 1672. Many merchants were summoned about the consulate of -Venice; which caused great disputes; the most considerable thought it -useless. This being the Queen-Consort's birthday, there was an -extraordinary appearance of gallantry, and a ball danced at Court. - -30th November, 1672. I was chosen secretary to the Royal Society. - -21st December, 1672. Settled the consulate of Venice. - -[Sidenote: LONDON] - -1st January, 1672-73. After public prayers in the chapel at Whitehall, -when I gave God solemn thanks for all his mercies to me the year past, -and my humble supplications to him for his blessing the year now -entering, I returned home, having my poor deceased servant (Adams) to -bury, who died of pleurisy. - -3d January, 1673. My son now published his version of "_Raptinus -Hortorum_." - -28th January, 1673. Visited Don Francisco de Melos, the Portugal -Ambassador, who showed me his curious collection of books and pictures. -He was a person of good parts, and a virtuous man. - -6th February, 1673. To Council about reforming an abuse of the dyers -with _saundus_, and other false drugs; examined divers of that trade. - -23d February, 1673. The Bishop of Chichester preached before the King -on Coloss. ii. 14, 15, admirably well, as he can do nothing but what is -well. - -5th March, 1673. Our new vicar, Mr. Holden, preached in Whitehall -chapel, on Psalm iv. 6, 7. This gentleman is a very excellent and -universal scholar, a good and wise man; but he had not the popular way -of preaching, nor is in any measure fit for our plain and vulgar -auditory, as his predecessor was. There was, however, no comparison -between their parts for profound learning. But time and experience may -form him to a more practical way than that he is in of University -lectures and erudition; which is now universally left off for what is -much more profitable. - -15th March, 1673. I heard the speech made to the Lords in their House by -Sir Samuel Tuke, in behalf of the Papists, to take off the penal laws; -and then dined with Colonel Norwood. - -16th March, 1673. Dr. Pearson, Bishop of Chester, preached on Hebrews -ix. 14; a most incomparable sermon from one of the most learned divines -of our nation. I dined at my Lord Arlington's with the Duke and Duchess -of Monmouth; she is one of the wisest and craftiest of her sex, and has -much wit. Here was also the learned Isaac Vossius. - -During Lent there is constantly the most excellent preaching by the most -eminent bishops and divines of the nation. - -26th March, 1673. I was sworn a younger brother of the Trinity House, -with my most worthy and long-acquainted noble friend, Lord Ossory -(eldest son to the Duke of Ormond), Sir Richard Browne, my -father-in-law, being now Master of that Society; after which there was a -great collation. - -29th March, 1673. I carried my son to the Bishop of Chichester, that -learned and pious man, Dr. Peter Gunning, to be instructed by him before -he received the Holy Sacrament, when he gave him most excellent advice, -which I pray God may influence and remain with him as long as he lives; -and O that I had been so blessed and instructed, when first I was -admitted to that sacred ordinance! - -30th March, 1673. Easter day. Myself and son received the blessed -Communion, it being his first time, and with that whole week's more -extraordinary preparation. I beseech God to make him a sincere and good -Christian, while I endeavor to instill into him the fear and love of -God, and discharge the duty of a father. - -At the sermon _coram Rege_, preached by Dr. Sparrow, Bishop of Exeter, -to a most crowded auditory; I stayed to see whether, according to -custom, the Duke of York received the Communion with the King; but he -did not, to the amazement of everybody. This being the second year he -had forborne, and put it off, and within a day of the Parliament -sitting, who had lately made so severe an Act against the increase of -Popery, gave exceeding grief and scandal to the whole nation, that the -heir of it, and the son of a martyr for the Protestant religion, should -apostatize. What the consequence of this will be, God only knows, and -wise men dread. - -11th April, 1673. I dined with the plenipotentiaries designed for the -treaty of Nimeguen. - -17th April, 1673. I carried Lady Tuke to thank the Countess of Arlington -for speaking to his Majesty in her behalf, for being one of the Queen -Consort's women. She carried us up into her new dressing room at Goring -House, where was a bed, two glasses, silver jars, and vases, cabinets, -and other so rich furniture as I had seldom seen; to this excess of -superfluity were we now arrived and that not only at Court, but almost -universally, even to wantonness and profusion. - -Dr. Compton, brother to the Earl of Northampton, preached on 1 Corinth. -v. 11-16, showing the Church's power in ordaining things indifferent; -this worthy person's talent is not preaching, but he is likely to make a -grave and serious good man. - -I saw her Majesty's rich toilet in her dressing room, being all of massy -gold, presented to her by the King, valued at £4,000. - -26th April, 1673. Dr. Lamplugh preached at St. Martin's the Holy -Sacrament following, which I partook of, upon obligation of the late Act -of Parliament, enjoining everybody in office, civil or military, under -penalty of £500, to receive it within one month before two authentic -witnesses; being engrossed on parchment, to be afterward produced in the -Court of Chancery, or some other Court of Record; which I did at the -Chancery bar, as being one of the Council of Plantations and Trade; -taking then also the oath of allegiance and supremacy, signing the -clause in the said Act against Transubstantiation. - -25th May, 1673. My son was made a younger brother of the Trinity House. -The new master was Sir J. Smith, one of the Commissioners of the Navy, a -stout seaman, who had interposed and saved the Duke from perishing by a -fire ship in the late war. - -28th May, 1673. I carried one Withers, an ingenious shipwright, to the -King to show him some new method of building. - -29th May, 1673. I saw the Italian comedy at the Court, this afternoon. - -10th June, 1673. Came to visit and dine with me my Lord Viscount -Cornbury and his Lady; Lady Frances Hyde, sister to the Duchess of York; -and Mrs. Dorothy Howard, maid of Honor. We went, after dinner, to see -the formal and formidable camp on Blackheath, raised to invade Holland; -or, as others suspected for another design. Thence, to the Italian -glass-house at Greenwich, where glass was blown of finer metal than that -of Murano, at Venice. - -13th June, 1673. Came to visit us, with other ladies of rank, Mrs. -Sedley,[33] daughter to Sir Charles, who was none of the most virtuous, -but a wit. - - [Footnote 33: The Duke of York's mistress, afterward created by him - Countess of Dorchester.] - -19th June, 1673. Congratulated the new Lord Treasurer, Sir Thomas -Osborne, a gentleman with whom I had been intimately acquainted at -Paris, and who was every day at my father-in-law's house and table -there; on which account I was too confident of succeeding in his favor, -as I had done in his predecessor's; but such a friend shall I never -find, and I neglected my time, far from believing that my Lord Clifford -would have so rashly laid down his staff, as he did, to the amazement of -all the world, when it came to the test of his receiving the Communion, -which I am confident he forbore more from some promise he had entered -into to gratify the Duke, than from any prejudice to the Protestant -religion, though I found him wavering a pretty while. - -[Sidenote: LONDON] - -23d June, 1673. To London, to accompany our Council who went in a body -to congratulate the new Lord Treasurer, no friend to it because promoted -by my Lord Arlington, whom he hated. - -26th June, 1673. Came visitors from Court to dine with me and see the -army still remaining encamped on Blackheath. - -[Sidenote: LONDON] - -6th July, 1673. This evening I went to the funeral of my dear and -excellent friend, that good man and accomplished gentleman, Sir Robert -Murray, Secretary of Scotland. He was buried by order of his Majesty in -Westminster Abbey. - -25th July, 1673. I went to Tunbridge Wells, to visit my Lord Clifford, -late Lord Treasurer, who was there to divert his mind more than his -body; it was believed that he had so engaged himself to the Duke, that -rather than take the Test, without which he was not capable of holding -any office, he would resign that great and honorable station. This, I am -confident, grieved him to the heart, and at last broke it; for, though -he carried with him music, and people to divert him, and, when I came to -see him, lodged me in his own apartment, and would not let me go from -him, I found he was struggling in his mind; and being of a rough and -ambitious nature, he could not long brook the necessity he had brought -on himself, of submission to this conjuncture. Besides, he saw the Dutch -war, which was made much by his advice, as well as the shutting up of -the Exchequer, very unprosperous. These things his high spirit could not -support. Having stayed here two or three days, I obtained leave of my -Lord to return. - -In my way, I saw my Lord of Dorset's house at Knowle, near Sevenoaks, a -great old-fashioned house. - -30th July, 1673. To Council, where the business of transporting wool was -brought before us. - -31st July, 1673. I went to see the pictures of all the judges and -eminent men of the Long Robe, newly painted by Mr. Wright, and set up in -Guildhall, costing the city £1,000. Most of them are very like the -persons they represent, though I never took Wright to be any -considerable artist. - -13th August, 1673. I rode to Durdans, where I dined at my Lord -Berkeley's of Berkeley Castle, my old and noble friend, it being his -wedding anniversary, where I found the Duchess of Albemarle, and other -company, and returned home on that evening late. - -15th August, 1673. Came to visit me my Lord Chancellor, the Earl of -Shaftesbury. - -[Sidenote: LONDON] - -18th August, 1673. My Lord Clifford, being about this time returned -from Tunbridge, and preparing for Devonshire, I went to take my leave of -him at Wallingford House; he was packing up pictures, most of which were -of hunting wild beasts and vast pieces of bull-baiting, bear-baiting, -etc. I found him in his study, and restored to him several papers of -state, and others of importance, which he had furnished me with, on -engaging me to write the "History of the Holland War," with other -private letters of his acknowledgments to my Lord Arlington, who from a -private gentleman of a very noble family, but inconsiderable fortune, -had advanced him from almost nothing. The first thing was his being in -Parliament, then knighted, then made one of the Commissioners of sick -and wounded, on which occasion we sat long together; then, on the death -of Hugh Pollard, he was made Comptroller of the Household and Privy -Councillor, yet still my brother Commissioner; after the death of Lord -Fitz-Harding, Treasurer of the Household, he, by letters to Lord -Arlington, which that Lord showed me, begged of his Lordship to obtain -it for him as the very height of his ambition. These were written with -such submissions and professions of his patronage, as I had never seen -any more acknowledging. The Earl of Southampton then dying, he was made -one of the Commissioners of the Treasury. His Majesty inclining to put -it into one hand, my Lord Clifford, under pretense of making all his -interest for his patron, my Lord Arlington, cut the grass under his -feet, and procured it for himself, assuring the King that Lord Arlington -did not desire it. Indeed, my Lord Arlington protested to me that his -confidence in Lord Clifford made him so remiss and his affection to him -was so particular, that he was absolutely minded to devolve it on Lord -Clifford, all the world knowing how he himself affected ease and quiet, -now growing into years, yet little thinking of this go-by. This was the -great ingratitude Lord Clifford showed, keeping my Lord Arlington in -ignorance, continually assuring him he was pursuing his interest, which -was the Duke's into whose great favor Lord Clifford was now gotten; but -which certainly cost him the loss of all, namely, his going so -irrevocably far in his interest. - -For the rest, my Lord Clifford was a valiant, incorrupt gentleman, -ambitious, not covetous; generous, passionate, a most constant, sincere -friend, to me in particular, so as when he laid down his office, I was -at the end of all my hopes and endeavors. These were not for high -matters, but to obtain what his Majesty was really indebted to my -father-in-law, which was the utmost of my ambition, and which I had -undoubtedly obtained, if this friend had stood. Sir Thomas Osborn, who -succeeded him, though much more obliged to my father-in-law and his -family, and my long and old acquaintance, being of a more haughty and -far less obliging nature, I could hope for little; a man of excellent -natural parts; but nothing of generous or grateful. - -Taking leave of my Lord Clifford, he wrung me by the hand, and, looking -earnestly on me, bid me God-b'ye, adding, "Mr. Evelyn, I shall never see -thee more." "No!" said I, "my Lord, what's the meaning of this? I hope I -shall see you often, and as great a person again." "No, Mr. Evelyn, do -not expect it, I will never see this place, this city, or Court again," -or words of this sound. In this manner, not without almost mutual tears, -I parted from him; nor was it long after, but the news was that he was -dead, and I have heard from some who I believe knew, he made himself -away, after an extraordinary melancholy. This is not confidently -affirmed, but a servant who lived in the house, and afterward with Sir -Robert Clayton, Lord Mayor, did, as well as others, report it, and when -I hinted some such thing to Mr. Prideaux, one of his trustees, he was -not willing to enter into that discourse. - -It was reported with these particulars, that, causing his servant to -leave him unusually one morning, locking himself in, he strangled -himself with his cravat upon the bed-tester; his servant, not liking the -manner of dismissing him, and looking through the keyhole (as I -remember), and seeing his master hanging, broke in before he was quite -dead, and taking him down, vomiting a great deal of blood, he was heard -to utter these words: "Well; let men say what they will, there is a God, -a just God above"; after which he spoke no more. This, if true, is -dismal. Really, he was the chief occasion of the Dutch war, and of all -that blood which was lost at Bergen in attacking the Smyrna fleet, and -that whole quarrel. - -This leads me to call to mind what my Lord Chancellor Shaftesbury -affirmed, not to me only, but to all my brethren the Council of Foreign -Plantations, when not long after, this accident being mentioned as we -were one day sitting in Council, his Lordship told us this remarkable -passage: that, being one day discoursing with him when he was only Sir -Thomas Clifford, speaking of men's advancement to great charges in the -nation, "Well," says he, "my Lord, I shall be one of the greatest men in -England. Don't impute what I say either to fancy, or vanity; I am -certain that I shall be a mighty man; but it will not last long; I shall -not hold it, but die a bloody death." "What," says my Lord, "your -horoscope tells you so?" "No matter for that, it will be as I tell you." -"Well," says my Lord Chancellor Shaftesbury, "if I were of that opinion, -I either would not be a great man, but decline preferment, or prevent my -danger." - -This my Lord affirmed in my hearing before several gentlemen and -noblemen sitting in council at Whitehall. And I the rather am confident -of it, remembering what Sir Edward Walker (Garter King-at-Arms) had -likewise affirmed to me a long time before, even when he was first made -a Lord; that carrying his pedigree to Lord Clifford on his being created -a peer, and, finding him busy, he bade him go into his study and divert -himself there till he was at leisure to discourse with him about some -things relating to his family; there lay, said Sir Edward, on his table, -his horoscope and nativity calculated, with some writing under it, where -he read that he should be advanced to the highest degree in the state -that could be conferred upon him, but that he should not long enjoy it, -but should die, or expressions to that sense; and I think, (but cannot -confidently say) a bloody death. This Sir Edward affirmed both to me and -Sir Richard Browne; nor could I forbear to note this extraordinary -passage in these memoirs. - -14th September, 1673. Dr. Creighton, son to the late eloquent Bishop of -Bath and Wells, preached to the Household on Isaiah, lvii. 8. - -15th September, 1673. I procured £4,000 of the Lords of the Treasury, -and rectified divers matters about the sick and wounded. - -16th September, 1673. To Council, about choosing a new Secretary. - -17th September, 1673. I went with some friends to visit Mr. Bernard -Grenville, at Abs Court in Surrey; an old house in a pretty park. - -23d September, 1673. I went to see Paradise, a room in Hatton Garden -furnished with a representation of all sorts of animals handsomely -painted on boards or cloth, and so cut out and made to stand, move, fly, -crawl, roar, and make their several cries. The man who showed it, made -us laugh heartily at his formal poetry. - -15th October, 1673. To Council, and swore in Mr. Locke, secretary, Dr. -Worsley being dead. - -27th October, 1673. To Council, about sending succors to recover New -York: and then we read the commission and instructions to Sir Jonathan -Atkins, the new Governor of Barbadoes. - -5th November, 1673. This night the youths of the city burned the Pope in -effigy, after they had made procession with it in great triumph, they -being displeased at the Duke for altering his religion and marrying an -Italian lady. - -30th November, 1673. On St. Andrew's day I first saw the new Duchess of -York, and the Duchess of Modena, her mother. - -[Sidenote: LONDON] - -1st December, 1673. To Gresham College, whither the city had invited the -Royal Society by many of their chief aldermen and magistrates, who gave -us a collation, to welcome us to our first place of assembly, from -whence we had been driven to give place to the City, on their making it -their Exchange on the dreadful conflagration, till their new Exchange -was finished, which it now was. The Society having till now been -entertained and having met at Arundel House. - -2d December, 1673. I dined with some friends, and visited the sick; -thence, to an almshouse, where was prayers and relief, some very ill and -miserable. It was one of the best days I ever spent in my life. - -3d December, 1673. There was at dinner my Lord Lockhart, designed -Ambassador for France, a gallant and sober person. - -9th December, 1673. I saw again the Italian Duchess and her brother, the -Prince Reynaldo. - -20th December, 1673. I had some discourse with certain strangers, not -unlearned, who had been born not far from Old Nineveh; they assured me -of the ruins being still extant, and vast and wonderful were the -buildings, vaults, pillars, and magnificent fragments;[34] but they -could say little of the Tower of Babel that satisfied me. But the -description of the amenity and fragrancy of the country for health and -cheerfulness, delighted me; so sensibly they spoke of the excellent air -and climate in respect of our cloudy and splenetic country. - - [Footnote 34: The remarkable discoveries of Mr. Layard give now a - curious interest to this notice by Evelyn.] - -24th December, 1673. Visited the prisoners at Ludgate, taking orders -about the releasing of some. - -30th December, 1673. I gave Almighty God thanks for his infinite -goodness to me the year past, and begged his mercy and protection the -year following; afterward, invited my neighbors to spend the day with -me. - -5th January, 1673-74. I saw an Italian opera in music, the first that -had been in England of this kind. - -9th January, 1674. Sent for by his Majesty to write something against -the Hollanders about the duty of the Flag and Fishery. Returned with -some papers. - -25th March, 1674. I dined at Knightsbridge, with the Bishops of -Salisbury, Chester, and Lincoln, my old friends. - -29th May, 1674. His Majesty's birthday and Restoration. Mr. Demalhoy, -Roger L'Estrange, and several of my friends, came to dine with me on the -happy occasion. - -27th June, 1674. Mr. Dryden, the famous poet and now laureate, came to -give me a visit. It was the anniversary of my marriage, and the first -day I went into my new little cell and cabinet, which I built below -toward the south court, at the east end of the parlor. - -9th July, 1674. Paid £360 for purchase of Dr. Jacombe's son's share in -the mill and land at Deptford, which I bought of the Beechers. - -22d July, 1674. I went to Windsor with my wife and son to see my -daughter Mary, who was there with my Lady Tuke and to do my duty to his -Majesty. Next day, to a great entertainment at Sir Robert Holmes's at -Cranbourne Lodge, in the Forest; there were his Majesty, the Queen, -Duke, Duchess, and all the Court. I returned in the evening with Sir -Joseph Williamson, now declared Secretary of State. He was son of a poor -clergyman somewhere in Cumberland, brought up at Queen's College, -Oxford, of which he came to be a fellow; then traveled with ... and -returning when the King was restored, was received as a clerk under Mr. -Secretary Nicholas. Sir Henry Bennett (now Lord Arlington) succeeding, -Williamson is transferred to him, who loving his ease more than business -(though sufficiently able had he applied himself to it) remitted all to -his man Williamson; and, in a short time, let him so into the secret of -affairs, that (as his Lordship himself told me) there was a kind of -necessity to advance him; and so, by his subtlety, dexterity, and -insinuation, he got now to be principal Secretary; absolutely Lord -Arlington's creature, and ungrateful enough. It has been the fate of -this obliging favorite to advance those who soon forgot their original. -Sir Joseph was a musician, could play at _Jeu de Goblets_, exceedingly -formal, a severe master to his servants, but so inward with my Lord -O'Brien, that after a few months of that gentleman's death, he married -his widow,[35] who, being sister and heir of the Duke of Richmond, -brought him a noble fortune. It was thought they lived not so kindly -after marriage as they did before. She was much censured for marrying so -meanly, being herself allied to the Royal family. - - [Footnote 35: Lady Catherine Stuart, sister and heir to Charles - Stuart, Duke of Richmond and Lennox, the husband of Mrs. Frances - Stuart, one of the most admired beauties of the Court, with whom - Charles II. was so deeply in love that he never forgave the Duke for - marrying her, having already, it is thought, formed some similar - intention himself. He took the first opportunity of sending the Duke - into an honorable exile, as Ambassador to Denmark, where he shortly - after died, leaving no issue by the Duchess.] - -[Sidenote: GROOMBRIDGE] - -6th August, 1674. I went to Groombridge, to see my old friend, Mr. -Packer; the house built within a moat, in a woody valley. The old house -had been the place of confinement of the Duke of Orleans, taken by one -Waller (whose house it then was) at the battle of Agincourt, now -demolished, and a new one built in its place, though a far better -situation had been on the south of the wood, on a graceful ascent. At -some small distance, is a large chapel, not long since built by Mr. -Packer's father, on a vow he made to do it on the return of King Charles -I. out of Spain, 1625, and dedicated to St. Charles, but what saint -there was then of that name I am to seek, for, being a Protestant, I -conceive it was not Borromeo. - -I went to see my farm at Ripe, near Lewes. - -19th August, 1674. His Majesty told me how exceedingly the Dutch were -displeased at my treatise of the "History of Commerce;" that the Holland -Ambassador had complained to him of what I had touched of the Flags and -Fishery, etc., and desired the book might be called in; while on the -other side, he assured me he was exceedingly pleased with what I had -done, and gave me many thanks. However, it being just upon conclusion of -the treaty of Breda (indeed it was designed to have been published some -months before and when we were at defiance), his Majesty told me he must -recall it formally; but gave order that what copies should be publicly -seized to pacify the Ambassador, should immediately be restored to the -printer, and that neither he nor the vender should be molested. The -truth is, that which touched the Hollander was much less than what the -King himself furnished me with, and obliged me to publish, having caused -it to be read to him before it went to press; but the error was, it -should have been published before the peace was proclaimed. The noise of -this book's suppression made it presently to be bought up, and turned -much to the stationer's advantage. It was no other than the preface -prepared to be prefixed to my "History of the Whole War;" which I now -pursued no further. - -[Sidenote: LONDON] - -21st August, 1674. In one of the meadows at the foot of the long -Terrace below the Castle [Windsor], works were thrown up to show the -King a representation of the city of Maestricht, newly taken by the -French. Bastians, bulwarks, ramparts, palisadoes, graffs, horn-works, -counter-scarps, etc., were constructed. It was attacked by the Duke of -Monmouth (newly come from the real siege) and the Duke of York, with a -little army, to show their skill in tactics. On Saturday night they made -their approaches, opened trenches, raised batteries, took the -counter-scarp and ravelin, after a stout defense; great guns fired on -both sides, grenadoes shot, mines sprung, parties sent out, attempts of -raising the siege, prisoners taken, parleys; and, in short, all the -circumstances of a formal siege, to appearance, and, what is most -strange all without disorder, or ill accident, to the great satisfaction -of a thousand spectators. Being night, it made a formidable show. The -siege being over, I went with Mr. Pepys back to London, where we arrived -about three in the morning. - -15th September, 1674. To Council, about fetching away the English left -at Surinam, etc., since our reconciliation with Holland. - -21st September, 1674. I went to see the great loss that Lord Arlington -had sustained by fire at Goring House, this night consumed to the -ground, with exceeding loss of hangings, plate, rare pictures, and -cabinets; hardly anything was saved of the best and most princely -furniture that any subject had in England. My lord and lady were both -absent at the Bath. - -6th October, 1674. The Lord Chief Baron Turner, and Sergeant Wild, -Recorder of London, came to visit me. - -20th October, 1674. At Lord Berkeley's, I discoursed with Sir Thomas -Modiford, late Governor of Jamaica, and with Colonel Morgan, who -undertook that gallant exploit from Nombre de Dios to Panama, on the -Continent of America; he told me 10,000 men would easily conquer all the -Spanish Indies, they were so secure. They took great booty, and much -greater had been taken, had they not been betrayed and so discovered -before their approach, by which the Spaniards had time to carry their -vast treasure on board ships that put off to sea in sight of our men, -who had no boats to follow. They set fire to Panama, and ravaged the -country sixty miles about. The Spaniards were so supine and unexercised, -that they were afraid to fire a great gun. - -31st October, 1674. My birthday, 54th year of my life. Blessed be God! -It was also preparation day for the Holy Sacrament, in which I -participated the next day, imploring God's protection for the year -following, and confirming my resolutions of a more holy life, even upon -the Holy Book. The Lord assist and be gracious unto me! Amen. - -15th November, 1674. The anniversary of my baptism: I first heard that -famous and excellent preacher, Dr. Burnet, author of the "History of the -Reformation" on Colossians iii. 10, with such flow of eloquence and -fullness of matter, as showed him to be a person o£ extraordinary parts. - -Being her Majesty's birthday, the Court was exceeding splendid in -clothes and jewels, to the height of excess. - -17th November, 1674. To Council, on the business of Surinam, where the -Dutch had detained some English in prison, ever since the first war, -1665. - -19th November, 1674. I heard that stupendous violin, Signor Nicholao -(with other rare musicians), whom I never heard mortal man exceed on -that instrument. He had a stroke so sweet, and made it speak like the -voice of a man, and, when he pleased, like a concert of several -instruments. He did wonders upon a note, and was an excellent composer. -Here was also that rare lutanist, Dr. Wallgrave; but nothing approached -the violin in Nicholao's hand. He played such ravishing things as -astonished us all. - -2d December, 1674. At Mr. Slingsby's, master of the mint, my worthy -friend, a great lover of music. Heard Signor Francisco on the -harpsichord, esteemed one of the most excellent masters in Europe on -that instrument; then, came Nicholao with his violin, and struck all -mute, but Mrs. Knight, who sung incomparably, and doubtless has the -greatest reach of any English woman; she had been lately roaming in -Italy, and was much improved in that quality. - -15th December, 1674. Saw a comedy at night, at Court, acted by the -ladies only, among them Lady Mary and Ann, his Royal Highness' two -daughters, and my dear friend Mrs. Blagg, who, having the principal -part, performed it to admiration. They were all covered with jewels. - -22d December, 1674. Was at the repetition of the "Pastoral," on which -occasion Mrs. Blagg had about her near £20,000 worth of jewels, of which -she lost one worth about £80, borrowed of the Countess of Suffolk. The -press was so great, that it is a wonder she lost no more. The Duke made -it good. - -20th January, 1674-75. Went to see Mr. Streeter, that excellent painter -of perspective and landscape, to comfort and encourage him to be cut for -the stone, with which that honest man was exceedingly afflicted. - -[Sidenote: LONDON] - -22d March, 1675. Supped at Sir William Petty's, with the Bishop of -Salisbury, and divers honorable persons. We had a noble entertainment in -a house gloriously furnished; the master and mistress of it were -extraordinary persons. Sir William was the son of a mean man somewhere -in Sussex, and sent from school to Oxford, where he studied Philosophy, -but was most eminent in Mathematics and Mechanics; proceeded Doctor of -Physic, and was grown famous, as for his learning so for his recovering -a poor wench that had been hanged for felony; and her body having been -begged (as the custom is) for the anatomy lecture, he bled her, put her -to bed to a warm woman, and, with spirits and other means, restored her -to life. The young scholars joined and made a little portion, and -married her to a man who had several children by her, she living fifteen -years after, as I have been assured. Sir William came from Oxford to be -tutor to a neighbor of mine; thence, when the rebels were dividing their -conquests in Ireland, he was employed by them to measure and set out the -land, which he did on an easy contract, so much per acre. This he -effected so exactly, that it not only furnished him with a great sum of -money; but enabled him to purchase an estate worth £4,000 a year. He -afterward married the daughter of Sir Hardress Waller; she was an -extraordinary wit as well as beauty, and a prudent woman. - -Sir William, among other inventions, was author of the double-bottomed -ship, which perished, and he was censured for rashness, being lost in -the Bay of Biscay in a storm, when, I think, fifteen other vessels -miscarried. This vessel was flat-bottomed, of exceeding use to put into -shallow ports, and ride over small depths of water. It consisted of two -distinct keels cramped together with huge timbers, etc., so as that a -violent stream ran between; it bore a monstrous broad sail, and he still -persists that it is practicable, and of exceeding use; and he has often -told me he would adventure himself in such another, could he procure -sailors, and his Majesty's permission to make a second Experiment; which -name the King gave the vessel at the launching. - -The Map of Ireland made by Sir William Petty is believed to be the most -exact that ever yet was made of any country. He did promise to publish -it; and I am told it has cost him near £1,000 to have it engraved at -Amsterdam. There is not a better Latin poet living, when he gives -himself that diversion; nor is his excellence less in Council and -prudent matters of state; but he is so exceedingly nice in sifting and -examining all possible contingencies, that he adventures at nothing -which is not demonstration. There was not in the whole world his equal -for a superintendent of manufacture and improvement of trade, or to -govern a plantation. If I were a Prince, I should make him my second -Counsellor, at least. There is nothing difficult to him. He is, besides, -courageous; on which account, I cannot but note a true story of him, -that when Sir Aleyn Brodrick sent him a challenge upon a difference -between them in Ireland, Sir William, though exceedingly purblind, -accepted the challenge, and it being his part to propound the weapon, -desired his antagonist to meet him with a hatchet, or axe, in a dark -cellar; which the other, of course, refused. - -Sir William was, with all this, facetious and of easy conversation, -friendly and courteous, and had such a faculty of imitating others, that -he would take a text and preach, now like a grave orthodox divine, then -falling into the Presbyterian way, then to the fanatical, the Quaker, -the monk and friar, the Popish priest, with such admirable action, and -alteration of voice and tone, as it was not possible to abstain from -wonder, and one would swear to hear several persons, or forbear to think -he was not in good earnest an enthusiast and almost beside himself; -then, he would fall out of it into a serious discourse; but it was very -rarely he would be prevailed on to oblige the company with this faculty, -and that only among most intimate friends. My Lord Duke of Ormond once -obtained it of him, and was almost ravished with admiration; but by and -by, he fell upon a serious reprimand of the faults and miscarriages of -some Princes and Governors, which, though he named none, did so sensibly -touch the Duke, who was then Lieutenant of Ireland, that he began to be -very uneasy, and wished the spirit laid which he had raised, for he was -neither able to endure such truths, nor could he but be delighted. At -last, he melted his discourse to a ridiculous subject, and came down -from the joint stool on which he had stood; but my lord would not have -him preach any more. He never could get favor at Court, because he -outwitted all the projectors that came near him. Having never known such -another genius, I cannot but mention these particulars, among a -multitude of others which I could produce. When I, who knew him in mean -circumstances, have been in his splendid palace, he would himself be in -admiration how he arrived at it; nor was it his value or inclination for -splendid furniture and the curiosities of the age, but his elegant lady -could endure nothing mean, or that was not magnificent. He was very -negligent himself, and rather so of his person, and of a philosophic -temper. "What a to-do is here!" would he say, "I can lie in straw with -as much satisfaction." - -He is author of the ingenious deductions from the bills of mortality, -which go under the name of Mr. Graunt; also of that useful discourse of -the manufacture of wool, and several others in the register of the Royal -Society. He was also author of that paraphrase on the 104th Psalm in -Latin verse, which goes about in MS., and is inimitable. In a word, -there is nothing impenetrable to him. - -26th March, 1675. Dr. Brideoak was elected Bishop of Chichester, on the -translation of Dr. Gunning to Ely. - -30th March, 1675. Dr. Allestree preached on Romans, vi. 3, the necessity -of those who are baptized to die to sin; a very excellent discourse from -an excellent preacher. - -25th April, 1675. Dr. Barrow, that excellent, pious, and most learned -man, divine, mathematician, poet, traveler, and most humble person, -preached at Whitehall to the household, on Luke xx. 27, of love and -charity to our neighbors. - -29th April, 1675. I read my first discourse, "Of Earth and Vegetation," -before the Royal Society as a lecture in course, after Sir Robert -Southwell had read his, the week before, "On Water." I was commanded by -our President and the suffrage of the Society, to print it. - -[Sidenote: LONDON] - -16th May, 1675. This day was my dear friend, Mrs. Blagg, married at the -Temple Church to my friend, Mr. Sidney Godolphin, Groom of the -Bedchamber to his Majesty. - -18th May, 1675. I went to visit one Mr. Bathurst, a Spanish merchant, my -neighbor. - -31st May, 1675. I went with Lord Ossory to Deptford, where we chose him -Master of the Trinity Company. - -2d June, 1675. I was at a conference of the Lords and Commons in the -Painted Chamber, on a difference about imprisoning some of their -members; and on the 3d, at another conference, when the Lords accused -the Commons for their transcendent misbehavior, breach of privilege, -Magna Charta, subversion of government, and other high, provoking, and -diminishing expressions, showing what duties and subjection they owed to -the Lords in Parliament, by record of Henry IV. This was likely to -create a notable disturbance. - -15th June, 1675. This afternoon came Monsieur Querouaille and his lady, -parents to the famous beauty and ... favorite at Court, to see Sir R. -Browne, with whom they were intimately acquainted in Bretagne, at the -time Sir Richard was sent to Brest to supervise his Majesty's sea -affairs, during the latter part of the King's banishment. This -gentleman's house was not a mile from Brest; Sir Richard made an -acquaintance there, and, being used very civilly, was obliged to return -it here, which we did. He seemed a soldierly person and a good fellow, -as the Bretons generally are; his lady had been very handsome, and -seemed a shrewd understanding woman. Conversing with him in our garden, -I found several words of the Breton language the same with our Welsh. -His daughter was now made Duchess of Portsmouth, and in the height of -favor; but he never made any use of it. - -27th June, 1675. At Ely House, I went to the consecration of my worthy -friend, the learned Dr. Barlow, Warden of Queen's College, Oxford, now -made Bishop of Lincoln. After it succeeded a magnificent feast, where -were the Duke of Ormond, Earl of Lauderdale, the Lord Treasurer, Lord -Keeper, etc. - -8th July, 1675. I went with Mrs. Howard and her two daughters toward -Northampton Assizes, about a trial at law, in which I was concerned for -them as a trustee. We lay this night at Henley-on-the Thames, at our -attorney, Mr. Stephens's, who entertained us very handsomely. Next day, -dining at Shotover, at Sir Timothy Tyrill's, a sweet place, we lay at -Oxford, where it was the time of the Act. Mr. Robert Spencer, uncle to -the Earl of Sunderland, and my old acquaintance in France, entertained -us at his apartment in Christ Church with exceeding generosity. - -[Sidenote: LONDON] - -10th July, 1675. The Vice Chancellor Dr. Bathurst (who had formerly -taken particular care of my son), President of Trinity College invited -me to dinner, and did me great honor all the time of my stay. The next -day, he invited me and all my company, though strangers to him, to a -very noble feast. I was at all the academic exercises.--Sunday, at St. -Mary's, preached a Fellow of Brasen-nose, not a little magnifying the -dignity of Churchmen. - -11th July, 1675. We heard the speeches, and saw the ceremony of creating -doctors in Divinity, Law and Physic. I had, early in the morning, heard -Dr. Morison, Botanic Professor, read on divers plants in the Physic -Garden; and saw that rare collection of natural curiosities of Dr. -Plot's, of Magdalen Hall, author of "The Natural History of -Oxfordshire," all of them collected in that shire, and indeed -extraordinary, that in one county there should be found such variety of -plants, shells, stones, minerals, marcasites, fowls, insects, models of -works, crystals, agates, and marbles. He was now intending to visit -Staffordshire, and, as he had of Oxfordshire, to give us the natural, -topical, political, and mechanical history. Pity it is that more of this -industrious man's genius were not employed so to describe every county -of England; it would be one of the most useful and illustrious works -that was ever produced in any age or nation. - -I visited also the Bodleian Library and my old friend, the learned -Obadiah Walker, head of University College, which he had now almost -rebuilt, or repaired. We then proceeded to Northampton, where we arrived -the next day. - -In this journey, went part of the way Mr. James Graham (since Privy -Purse to the Duke), a young gentleman exceedingly in love with Mrs. -Dorothy Howard, one of the maids of honor in our company. I could not -but pity them both, the mother not much favoring it. This lady was not -only a great beauty, but a most virtuous and excellent creature, and -worthy to have been wife to the best of men. My advice was required, and -I spoke to the advantage of the young gentleman, more out of pity than -that she deserved no better match; for, though he was a gentleman of -good family, yet there was great inequality. - -14th July, 1675. I went to see my Lord Sunderland's Seat at Althorpe, -four miles from the ragged town of Northampton (since burned, and well -rebuilt). It is placed in a pretty open bottom, very finely watered and -flanked with stately woods and groves in a park, with a canal, but the -water is not running, which is a defect. The house, a kind of modern -building, of freestone, within most nobly furnished; the apartments very -commodious, a gallery and noble hall; but the kitchen being in the body -of the house, and chapel too small, were defects. There is an old yet -honorable gatehouse standing awry, and out-housing mean, but designed to -be taken away. It was moated round, after the old manner, but it is now -dry, and turfed with a beautiful carpet. Above all, are admirable and -magnificent the several ample gardens furnished with the choicest fruit, -and exquisitely kept. Great plenty of oranges, and other curiosities. -The park full of fowl, especially herons, and from it a prospect to -Holmby House, which being demolished in the late civil wars, shows like -a Roman ruin shaded by the trees about it, a stately, solemn, and -pleasing view. - -15th July, 1675. Our cause was pleaded in behalf of the mother, Mrs. -Howard and her daughters, before Baron Thurland, who had formerly been -steward of Courts for me; we carried our cause, as there was reason, for -here was an impudent as well as disobedient son against his mother, by -instigation, doubtless, of his wife, one Mrs. Ogle (an ancient maid), -whom he had clandestinely married, and who brought him no fortune, he -being heir-apparent to the Earl of Berkshire. We lay at Brickhill, in -Bedfordshire, and came late the next day to our journey's end. - -This was a journey of adventures and knight-errantry. One of the lady's -servants being as desperately in love with Mrs. Howard's woman, as Mr. -Graham was with her daughter, and she riding on horseback behind his -rival, the amorous and jealous youth having a little drink in his pate, -had here killed himself had he not been prevented; for, alighting from -his horse, and drawing his sword, he endeavored twice or thrice to fall -on it, but was interrupted by our coachman, and a stranger passing by. -After this, running to his rival, and snatching his sword from his side -(for we had beaten his own out of his hand), and on the sudden pulling -down his mistress, would have run both of them through; we parted them, -not without some blood. This miserable creature poisoned himself for her -not many days after they came to London. - -[Sidenote: LONDON] - -19th July, 1675. The Lord Treasurer's Chaplain preached at Wallingford -House. - -9th August, 1675. Dr. Sprat, prebend of Westminster, and Chaplain to the -Duke of Buckingham, preached on the 3d Epistle of Jude, showing what the -primitive faith was, how near it and how excellent that of the Church of -England, also the danger of departing from it. - -27th August, 1675. I visited the Bishop of Rochester, at Bromley, and -dined at Sir Philip Warwick's, at Frogpoole [Frognall]. - -2d September, 1675. I went to see Dulwich College, being the pious -foundation of one Alleyn, a famous comedian, in King James's time. The -chapel is pretty, the rest of the hospital very ill contrived; it yet -maintains divers poor of both sexes. It is in a melancholy part of -Camberwell parish. I came back by certain medicinal Spa waters, at a -place called Sydenham Wells, in Lewisham parish, much frequented in -summer. - -10th September, 1675. I was casually shown the Duchess of Portsmouth's -splendid apartment at Whitehall, luxuriously furnished, and with ten -times the richness and glory beyond the Queen's; such massy pieces of -plate, whole tables, and stands of incredible value. - -29th September, 1675. I saw the Italian Scaramuccio act before the King -at Whitehall, people giving money to come in, which was very scandalous, -and never so before at Court diversions. Having seen him act before in -Italy, many years past, I was not averse from seeing the most excellent -of that kind of folly. - -14th October, 1675. Dined at Kensington with my old acquaintance, Mr. -Henshaw, newly returned from Denmark, where he had been left resident -after the death of the Duke of Richmond, who died there Ambassador. - -15th October, 1675. I got an extreme cold, such as was afterward so -epidemical, as not only to afflict us in this island, but was rife over -all Europe, like a plague. It was after an exceedingly dry summer and -autumn. - -I settled affairs, my son being to go into France with my Lord Berkeley, -designed Ambassador-extraordinary for France and Plenipotentiary for the -general treaty of peace at Nimeguen. - -24th October, 1675. Dined at Lord Chamberlain's with the Holland -Ambassador L. Duras, a valiant gentleman whom his Majesty made an -English Baron, of a cadet, and gave him his seat of Holmby, in -Northamptonshire. - -27th October, 1675. Lord Berkeley coming into Council, fell down in the -gallery at Whitehall, in a fit of apoplexy, and being carried into my -Lord Chamberlain's lodgings, several famous doctors were employed all -that night, and with much ado he was at last recovered to some sense, by -applying hot fire pans and spirit of amber to his head; but nothing was -found so effectual as cupping him on the shoulders. It was almost a -miraculous restoration. The next day he was carried to Berkeley House. -This stopped his journey for the present, and caused my stay in town. He -had put all his affairs and his whole estate in England into my hands -during his intended absence, which though I was very unfit to undertake, -in regard of many businesses which then took me up, yet, upon the great -importunity of my lady and Mr. Godolphin (to whom I could refuse -nothing) I did take it on me. It seems when he was Deputy in Ireland, -not long before, he had been much wronged by one he left in trust with -his affairs, and therefore wished for some unmercenary friend who would -take that trouble on him; this was to receive his rents, look after his -houses and tenants, solicit supplies from the Lord Treasurer, and -correspond weekly with him, more than enough to employ any drudge in -England; but what will not friendship and love make one do? - -31st October, 1675. Dined at my Lord Chamberlain's, with my son. There -were the learned Isaac Vossius, and Spanhemius, son of the famous man of -Heidelberg; nor was this gentleman less learned, being a general -scholar. Among other pieces, he was author of an excellent treatise on -Medals. - -10th November, 1675. Being the day appointed for my Lord Ambassador to -set out, I met them with my coach at New Cross. There were with him my -Lady his wife, and my dear friend, Mrs. Godolphin, who, out of an -extraordinary friendship, would needs accompany my lady to Paris, and -stay with her some time, which was the chief inducement for permitting -my son to travel, but I knew him safe under her inspection, and in -regard my Lord himself had promised to take him into his special favor, -he having intrusted all he had to my care. - -Thus we set out three coaches (besides mine), three wagons, and about -forty horses. It being late, and my Lord as yet but valetudinary, we got -but to Dartford, the first day, the next to Sittingbourne. - -At Rochester, the major, Mr. Cony, then an officer of mine for the sick -and wounded of that place, gave the ladies a handsome refreshment as we -came by his house. - -[Sidenote: DOVER] - -12th November, 1675. We came to Canterbury: and, next morning, to Dover. - -There was in my Lady Ambassadress's company my Lady Hamilton, a -sprightly young lady, much in the good graces of the family, wife of -that valiant and worthy gentleman, George Hamilton, not long after slain -in the wars. She had been a maid of honor to the Duchess, and now turned -Papist. - -14th November, 1675. Being Sunday, my Lord having before delivered to me -his letter of attorney, keys, seal, and his Will, we took a solemn leave -of one another upon the beach, the coaches carrying them into the sea to -the boats, which delivered them to Captain Gunman's yacht, the "Mary." -Being under sail, the castle gave them seventeen guns, which Captain -Gunman answered with eleven. Hence, I went to church, to beg a blessing -on their voyage. - -2d December, 1675. Being returned home, I visited Lady Mordaunt at -Parson's Green, my Lord, her son, being sick. This pious woman delivered -to me £100 to bestow as I thought fit for the release of poor prisoners, -and other charitable uses. - -21st December, 1675. Visited her Ladyship again, where I found the -Bishop of Winchester, whom I had long known in France; he invited me to -his house at Chelsea. - -23d December, 1675. Lady Sunderland gave me ten guineas, to bestow in -charities. - -20th February, 1675-76. Dr. Gunning, Bishop of Ely, preached before the -King from St. John xx. 21, 22, 23, chiefly against an anonymous book, -called "Naked Truth," a famous and popular treatise against the -corruption in the Clergy, but not sound as to its quotations, supposed -to have been the Bishop of Hereford's and was answered by Dr. Turner, it -endeavoring to prove an equality of order of Bishop and Presbyter. - -27th February, 1676. Dr. Pritchard, Bishop of Gloucester, preached at -Whitehall, on Isaiah v. 5, very allegorically, according to his manner, -yet very gravely and wittily. - -29th February, 1676. I dined with Mr. Povey, one of the Masters of -Requests, a nice contriver of all elegancies, and exceedingly formal. -Supped with Sir J. Williamson, where were of our Society Mr. Robert -Boyle, Sir Christopher Wren, Sir William Petty, Dr. Holden, subdean of -his Majesty's Chapel, Sir James Shaen, Dr. Whistler, and our Secretary, -Mr. Oldenburg. - -4th March, 1676. Sir Thomas Linch was returned from his government of -Jamaica. - -16th March, 1676. The Countess of Sunderland and I went by water to -Parson's Green, to visit my Lady Mordaunt, and to consult with her about -my Lord's monument. We returned by coach. - -19th March, 1676. Dr. Lloyd, late Curate of Deptford, but now Bishop of -Llandaff, preached before the King, on 1 Cor. xv. 57, that though sin -subjects us to death, yet through Christ we become his conquerors. - -23d March, 1676. To Twickenham Park, Lord Berkeley's country seat, to -examine how the bailiffs and servants ordered matters. - -24th March, 1676. Dr. Brideoake, Bishop of Chichester, preached a mean -discourse for a Bishop. I also heard Dr. Fleetwood, Bishop of Worcester, -on Matt. xxvi. 38, of the sorrows of Christ, a deadly sorrow caused by -our sins; he was no great preacher. - -30th March, 1676. Dining with my Lady Sunderland, I saw a fellow swallow -a knife, and divers great pebble stones, which would make a plain -rattling one against another. The knife was in a sheath of horn. - -Dr. North, son of my Lord North, preached before the King, on Isaiah -liii. 57, a very young but learned and excellent person. Note. This was -the first time the Duke appeared no more in chapel, to the infinite -grief and threatened ruin of this poor nation. - -2d April, 1676. I had now notice that my dear friend Mrs. Godolphin, was -returning from Paris. On the 6th, she arrived to my great joy, whom I -most heartily welcomed. - -28th April, 1676. My wife entertained her Majesty at Deptford, for which -the Queen gave me thanks in the withdrawing room at Whitehall. - -The University of Oxford presented me with the "_Marmora Oxoniensia -Arundeliana_"; the Bishop of Oxford writing to desire that I would -introduce Mr. Prideaux, the editor (a young man most learned in -antiquities) to the Duke of Norfolk, to present another dedicated to his -Grace, which I did, and we dined with the Duke at Arundel House, and -supped at the Bishop of Rochester's with Isaac Vossius. - -7th May, 1676. I spoke to the Duke of York about my Lord Berkeley's -going to Nimeguen. Thence, to the Queen's Council at Somerset House, -about Mrs. Godolphin's lease of Spalding, in Lincolnshire. - -11th May, 1676. I dined with Mr. Charleton, and went to see Mr. -Montague's new palace, near Bloomsbury, built by Mr. Hooke, of our -Society, after the French manner.[36] - - [Footnote 36: Now the British Museum.] - -13th May, 1676. Returned home, and found my son returned from France; -praised be God! - -22d May, 1676. Trinity Monday. A chaplain of my Lord Ossory's preached, -after which we took barge to Trinity House in London. Mr. Pepys -(Secretary of the Admiralty) succeeded my Lord as Master. - -[Sidenote: ENFIELD] - -2d June, 1676. I went with my Lord Chamberlain to see a garden, at -Enfield town; thence, to Mr. Secretary Coventry's lodge in the Chase. It -is a very pretty place, the house commodious, the gardens handsome, and -our entertainment very free, there being none but my Lord and myself. -That which I most wondered at was, that, in the compass of twenty-five -miles, yet within fourteen of London, there is not a house, barn, -church, or building, besides three lodges. To this Lodge are three great -ponds, and some few inclosures, the rest a solitary desert, yet stored -with no less than 3,000 deer. These are pretty retreats for gentlemen, -especially for those who are studious and lovers of privacy. - -We returned in the evening by Hampstead, to see Lord Wotton's house and -garden (Bellsize House), built with vast expense by Mr. O'Neale, an -Irish gentleman who married Lord Wotton's mother, Lady Stanhope. The -furniture is very particular for Indian cabinets, porcelain, and other -solid and noble movables. The gallery very fine, the gardens very large, -but ill kept, yet woody and chargeable. The soil a cold weeping clay, -not answering the expense. - -12th June, 1676. I went to see Sir Thomas Bond's new and fine house by -Peckham; it is on a flat, but has a fine garden and prospect through the -meadows to London. - -2d July, 1676. Dr. Castillion, Prebend of Canterbury, preached before -the King, on John xv. 22, at Whitehall. - -19th July, 1676. Went to the funeral of Sir William Sanderson, husband -to the Mother of the Maids, and author of two large but mean histories -of King James and King Charles I. He was buried at Westminster. - -1st August, 1676. In the afternoon, after prayers at St. James's Chapel, -was christened a daughter of Dr. Leake's, the Duke's Chaplain: -godmothers were Lady Mary, daughter of the Duke of York, and the Duchess -of Monmouth: godfather, the Earl of Bath. - -15th August, 1676. Came to dine with me my Lord Halifax, Sir Thomas -Meeres, one of the Commissioners of the Admiralty, Sir John Clayton, Mr. -Slingsby, Mr. Henshaw, and Mr. Bridgeman. - -25th August, 1676. Dined with Sir John Banks at his house in Lincoln's -Inn Fields, on recommending Mr. Upman to be tutor to his son going into -France. This Sir John Banks was a merchant of small beginning, but had -amassed £100,000. - -26th August, 1676. I dined at the Admiralty with Secretary Pepys, and -supped at the Lord Chamberlain's. Here was Captain Baker, who had been -lately on the attempt of the Northwest passage. He reported prodigious -depth of ice, blue as a sapphire, and as transparent. The thick mists -were their chief impediment, and cause of their return. - -2d September, 1676. I paid £1,700 to the Marquis de Sissac, which he had -lent to my Lord Berkeley, and which I heard the Marquis lost at play in -a night or two. - -The Dean of Chichester preached before the King, on Acts xxiv. 16; and -Dr. Crichton preached the second sermon before him on Psalm xc. 12, of -wisely numbering our days, and well employing our time. - -3d September, 1676. Dined at Captain Graham's, where I became acquainted -with Dr. Compton (brother to the Earl of Northampton), now Bishop of -London, and Mr. North, son to the Lord North, brother to the Lord -Chief-Justice and Clerk of the Closet, a most hopeful young man. The -Bishop had once been a soldier, had also traveled in Italy, and became a -most sober, grave, and excellent prelate. - -6th September, 1676. Supped at the Lord Chamberlain's, where also supped -the famous beauty and errant lady, the Duchess of Mazarine (all the -world knows her story), the Duke of Monmouth, Countess of Sussex (both -natural children of the King by the Duchess of Cleveland[37]), and the -Countess of Derby, a virtuous lady, daughter to my best friend, the Earl -of Ossory. - - [Footnote 37: Evelyn makes a slip here. The Duke of Monmouth's - mother was, it is well known, Lucy Walters, sometimes called Mrs. - Barlow, and heretofore mentioned in the "Diary." Nor is he more - correct as to the Countess of Sussex. Lady Anne Fitzroy, as she is - called in the Peerage books, was married to Lennard Dacre, Earl of - Sussex, by whom she left a daughter only, who succeeded on her - father's death to the Barony of Dacre. On the other hand, the Duke - of Southampton, the Duke of Grafton, and the Duke of Northumberland, - were all of them children of Charles II. by the Duchess of - Cleveland.] - -10th September, 1676. Dined with me Mr. Flamsted, the learned astrologer -and mathematician, whom his Majesty had established in the new -Observatory in Greenwich Park, furnished with the choicest instruments. -An honest, sincere man. - -12th September, 1676. To London, to take order about the building of a -house, or rather an apartment, which had all the conveniences of a -house, for my dear friend, Mr. Godolphin and lady, which I undertook to -contrive and survey, and employ workmen until it should be quite -finished; it being just over against his Majesty's wood-yard by the -Thames side, leading to Scotland Yard. - -19th September, 1676. To Lambeth, to that rare magazine of marble, to -take order for chimney-pieces, etc., for Mr. Godolphin's house. The -owner of the works had built for himself a pretty dwelling house; this -Dutchman had contracted with the Genoese for all their marble. We also -saw the Duke of Buckingham's glasswork, where they made huge vases of -metal as clear, ponderous, and thick as crystal; also looking-glasses -far larger and better than any that come from Venice. - -9th October, 1676. I went with Mrs. Godolphin and my wife to Blackwall, -to see some Indian curiosities; the streets being slippery, I fell -against a piece of timber with such violence that I could not speak nor -fetch my breath for some space; being carried into a house and let -blood, I was removed to the water-side and so home, where, after a day's -rest, I recovered. This being one of my greatest deliverances, the Lord -Jesus make me ever mindful and thankful! - -31st October, 1676. Being my birthday, and fifty-six years old, I spent -the morning in devotion and imploring God's protection, with solemn -thanksgiving for all his signal mercies to me, especially for that -escape which concerned me this month at Blackwall. Dined with Mrs. -Godolphin, and returned home through a prodigious and dangerous mist. - -9th November, 1676. Finished the lease of Spalding, for Mr. Godolphin. - -16th November, 1676. My son and I dining at my Lord Chamberlain's, he -showed us among others that incomparable piece of Raphael's, being a -Minister of State dictating to Guicciardini, the earnestness of whose -face looking up in expectation of what he was next to write, is so to -the life, and so natural, as I esteem it one of the choicest pieces of -that admirable artist. There was a woman's head of Leonardo da Vinci; a -Madonna of old Palma, and two of Vandyke's, of which one was his own -picture at length, when young, in a leaning posture; the other, an -eunuch, singing. Rare pieces indeed! - -4th December, 1676. I saw the great ball danced by all the gallants and -ladies at the Duchess of York's. - -10th December, 1676. There fell so deep a snow as hindered us from -church. - -[Sidenote: LONDON] - -12th December, 1676. To London, in so great a snow, as I remember not -to have seen the like. - -17th December, 1676. More snow falling, I was not able to get to church. - -8th February, 1676-77. I went to Roehampton, with my Lady Duchess of -Ormond. The garden and perspective is pretty, the prospect most -agreeable. - -15th May, 1677. Came the Earl of Peterborough, to desire me to be a -trustee for Lord Viscount Mordaunt and the Countess, for the sale of -certain lands set out by Act of Parliament, to pay debts. - -12th June, 1677. I went to London, to give the Lord Ambassador Berkeley -(now returned from the treaty at Nimeguen) an account of the great trust -reposed in me during his absence, I having received and remitted to him -no less than £20,000 to my no small trouble and loss of time, that -during his absence, and when the Lord Treasurer was no great friend [of -his] I yet procured him great sums, very often soliciting his Majesty in -his behalf; looking after the rest of his estates and concerns entirely, -without once accepting any kind of acknowledgment, purely upon the -request of my dear friend, Mr. Godolphin. I returned with abundance of -thanks and professions from my Lord Berkeley and my Lady. - -29th June, 1677. This business being now at an end, and myself delivered -from that intolerable servitude and correspondence, I had leisure to be -somewhat more at home and to myself. - -3d July, 1677. I sealed the deeds of sale of the manor of Blechingley to -Sir Robert Clayton, for payment of Lord Peterborough's debts, according -to the trust of the Act of Parliament. - -[Sidenote: WOTTON] - -16th July, 1677. I went to Wotton.--22d. Mr. Evans, curate of Abinger, -preached an excellent sermon on Matt. v. 12. In the afternoon, Mr. -Higham at Wotton catechised. - -26th July, 1677. I dined at Mr. Duncomb's, at Sheere, whose house stands -environed with very sweet and quick streams. - -29th July, 1677. Mr. Bohun, my Son's late tutor, preached at Abinger, on -Phil., iv. 8, very elegantly and practically. - -5th August, 1677. I went to visit my Lord Brounker, now taking the -waters at Dulwich. - -9th August, 1677. Dined at the Earl of Peterborough's the day after the -marriage of my Lord of Arundel to Lady Mary Mordaunt, daughter of the -Earl of Peterborough. - -28th August, 1677. To visit my Lord Chamberlain, in Suffolk; he sent his -coach and six to meet and bring me from St. Edmund's Bury to Euston. - -29th August, 1677. We hunted in the Park and killed a very fat buck. - -31st August, 1677. I went a hawking. - -4th September, 1677. I went to visit my Lord Crofts, now dying at St. -Edmunds Bury, and took the opportunity to see this ancient town, and the -remains of that famous monastery and abbey. There is little standing -entire, save the gatehouse; it has been a vast and magnificent Gothic -structure, and of great extent. The gates are wood, but quite plated -over with iron. There are also two stately churches, one especially. - -5th September, 1677. I went to Thetford, to the borough-town, where -stand the ruins of a religious house: there is a round mountain -artificially raised, either for some castle, or monument, which makes a -pretty landscape. As we went and returned, a tumbler showed his -extraordinary address in the Warren. I also saw the Decoy; much pleased -with the stratagem. - -7th September, 1677. There dined this day at my Lord's one Sir John -Gaudy, a very handsome person, but quite dumb, yet very intelligent by -signs, and a very fine painter; he was so civil and well bred, as it was -not possible to discern any imperfection in him. His lady and children -were also there, and he was at church in the morning with us. - -9th September, 1677. A stranger preached at Euston Church, and fell into -a handsome panegyric on my Lord's new building the church, which indeed -for its elegance and cheerfulness, is one of the prettiest country -churches in England. My Lord told me his heart smote him that, after he -had bestowed so much on his magnificent palace there, he should see -God's House in the ruin it lay in. He has also rebuilt the -parsonage-house, all of stone, very neat and ample. - -[Sidenote: EUSTON] - -10th September, 1677. To divert me, my Lord would needs carry me to see -Ipswich, when we dined with one Mr. Mann by the way, who was Recorder of -the town. There were in our company my Lord Huntingtower, son to the -Duchess of Lauderdale, Sir Edward Bacon, a learned gentleman of the -family of the great Chancellor Verulam, and Sir John Felton, with some -other knights and gentlemen. After dinner came the bailiff and -magistrates in their formalities with their maces to compliment my Lord, -and invite him to the town-house, where they presented us a collation of -dried sweetmeats and wine, the bells ringing, etc. Then, we went to see -the town, and first, the Lord Viscount Hereford's house, which stands in -a park near the town, like that at Brussels, in Flanders; the house not -great, yet pretty, especially the hall. The stews for fish succeeded one -another, and feed one the other, all paved at bottom. There is a good -picture of the blessed virgin in one of the parlors, seeming to be of -Holbein, or some good master. Then we saw the Haven, seven miles from -Harwich. The tide runs out every day, but the bedding being soft mud, it -is safe for shipping and a station. The trade of Ipswich is for the most -part Newcastle coals, with which they supply London; but it was formerly -a clothing town. There is not any beggar asks alms in the whole place, a -thing very extraordinary, so ordered by the prudence of the magistrates. -It has in it fourteen or fifteen beautiful churches: in a word, it is -for building, cleanness, and good order, one of the best towns in -England. Cardinal Wolsey was a butcher's son of Ipswich, but there is -little of that magnificent Prelate's foundation here, besides a school -and I think a library, which I did not see. His intentions were to build -some great thing. We returned late to Euston, having traveled about -fifty miles this day. - -Since first I was at this place, I found things exceedingly improved. -It is seated in a bottom between two graceful swellings, the main -building being now in the figure of a Greek II with four pavilions, two -at each corner, and a break in the front, railed and balustered at the -top, where I caused huge jars to be placed full of earth to keep them -steady upon their pedestals between the statues, which make as good a -show as if they were of stone, and, though the building be of brick, and -but two stories besides cellars and garrets covered with blue slate, yet -there is room enough for a full court, the offices and outhouses being -so ample and well disposed. The King's apartment is painted _à fresco_, -and magnificently furnished. There are many excellent pictures of the -great masters. The gallery is a pleasant, noble room; in the break, or -middle, is a billiard table, but the wainscot, being of fir, and -painted, does not please me so well as Spanish oak without paint. The -chapel is pretty, the porch descending to the gardens. The orange garden -is very fine, and leads into the greenhouse, at the end of which is a -hall to eat in, and the conservatory some hundred feet long, adorned -with maps, as the other side is with the heads of the Cĉsars, ill cut in -alabaster; above are several apartments for my Lord, Lady, and Duchess, -with kitchens and other offices below, in a lesser form; lodgings for -servants, all distinct for them to retire to when they please and would -be in private, and have no communication with the palace, which he tells -me he will wholly resign to his son-in-law and daughter, that charming -young creature. - -The canal running under my Lady's dressing room chamber window, is full -of carps and fowl, which come and are fed there. The cascade at the end -of the canal turns a cornmill that provides the family, and raises water -for the fountains and offices. To pass this canal into the opposite -meadows, Sir Samuel Morland has invented a screw bridge, which, being -turned with a key, lands you fifty feet distant at the entrance of an -ascending walk of trees, a mile in length,--as it is also on the front -into the park,--of four rows of ash trees, and reaches to the park pale, -which is nine miles in compass, and the best for riding and meeting the -game that I ever saw. There were now of red and fallow deer almost a -thousand, with good covert, but the soil barren and flying sand, in -which nothing will grow kindly. The tufts of fir, and much of the other -wood, were planted by my direction some years before. This seat is -admirably placed for field sports, hawking, hunting, or racing. The -mutton is small, but sweet. The stables hold thirty horses and four -coaches. The out-offices make two large quadrangles, so as servants -never lived with more ease and convenience; never master more civil. -Strangers are attended and accommodated as at their home, in pretty -apartments furnished with all manner of conveniences and privacy. - -There is a library full of excellent books; bathing rooms, elaboratory, -dispensary, a decoy, and places to keep and fat fowl in. He had now in -his new church (near the garden) built a dormitory, or vault, with -several repositories, in which to bury his family. - -In the expense of this pious structure, the church is most laudable, -most of the houses of God in this country resembling rather stables and -thatched cottages than temples in which to serve the Most High. He has -built a lodge in the park for the keeper, which is a neat dwelling, and -might become any gentleman. The same has he done for the parson, little -deserving it for murmuring that my Lord put him some time out of his -wretched hovel, while it was building. He has also erected a fair inn at -some distance from his palace, with a bridge of stone over a river near -it, and repaired all the tenants' houses, so as there is nothing but -neatness and accommodations about his estate, which I yet think is not -above £1,500 a year. I believe he had now in his family one hundred -domestic servants. - -His lady (being one of the Brederode's daughters, grandchild to a -natural son of Henry Frederick, Prince of Orange) is a good-natured and -obliging woman. They love fine things, and to live easily, pompously, -and hospitably; but, with so vast expense, as plunges my Lord into debts -exceedingly. My Lord himself is given into no expensive vice but -building, and to have all things rich, polite, and princely. He never -plays, but reads much, having the Latin, French, and Spanish tongues in -perfection. He has traveled much, and is the best bred and courtly -person his Majesty has about him, so as the public Ministers more -frequent him than any of the rest of the nobility. While he was -Secretary of State and Prime Minister, he had gotten vastly, but spent -it as hastily, even before he had established a fund to maintain his -greatness; and now beginning to decline in favor (the Duke being no -great friend of his), he knows not how to retrench. He was son of a -Doctor of Laws, whom I have seen, and, being sent from Westminster -School to Oxford, with intention to be a divine, and parson of -Arlington, a village near Brentford, when Master of Arts the Rebellion -falling out, he followed the King's Army, and receiving an HONORABLE -WOUND IN THE FACE, grew into favor, and was advanced from a mean -fortune, at his Majesty's Restoration, to be an Earl and Knight of the -Garter, Lord Chamberlain of the Household, and first favorite for a long -time, during which the King married his natural son, the Duke of -Grafton, to his only daughter and heiress, as before mentioned, worthy -for her beauty and virtue of the greatest prince in Christendom. My Lord -is, besides this, a prudent and understanding person in business, and -speaks well; unfortunate yet in those he has advanced, most of them -proving ungrateful. The many obligations and civilities I have received -from this noble gentleman, extracts from me this character, and I am -sorry he is in no better circumstances. - -Having now passed near three weeks at Euston, to my great satisfaction, -with much difficulty he suffered me to look homeward, being very earnest -with me to stay longer; and, to engage me, would himself have carried me -to Lynn-Regis, a town of important traffic, about twenty miles beyond, -which I had never seen; as also the Traveling Sands, about ten miles -wide of Euston, that have so damaged the country, rolling from place to -place, and, like the Sands in the Deserts of Lybia, quite overwhelmed -some gentlemen's whole estates, as the relation extant in print, and -brought to our Society, describes at large. - -13th September, 1677. My Lord's coach conveyed me to Bury, and thence -baiting at Newmarket, stepping in at Audley-End to see that house again, -I slept at Bishop-Stortford, and, the next day, home. I was accompanied -in my journey by Major Fairfax, of a younger house of the Lord Fairfax, -a soldier, a traveler, an excellent musician, a good-natured, well-bred -gentleman. - -18th September, 1677. I preferred Mr. Phillips (nephew of Milton) to the -service of my Lord Chamberlain, who wanted a scholar to read to and -entertain him sometimes. - -12th October, 1677. With Sir Robert Clayton to Marden, an estate he had -bought lately of my kinsman, Sir John Evelyn, of Godstone, in Surrey, -which from a despicable farmhouse Sir Robert had erected into a seat -with extraordinary expense. It is in such a solitude among hills, as, -being not above sixteen miles from London, seems almost incredible, the -ways up to it are so winding and intricate. The gardens are large, and -well-walled, and the husbandry part made very convenient and perfectly -understood. The barns, the stacks of corn, the stalls for cattle, pigeon -house, etc., of most laudable example. Innumerable are the plantations -of trees, especially walnuts. The orangery and gardens are very curious. -In the house are large and noble rooms. He and his lady (who is very -curious in distillery) entertained me three or four days very freely. I -earnestly suggested to him the repairing of an old desolate dilapidated -church, standing on the hill above the house, which I left him in good -disposition to do, and endow it better; there not being above four or -five houses in the parish, besides that of this prodigious rich -Scrivener. This place is exceedingly sharp in the winter, by reason of -the serpentining of the hills: and it wants running water; but the -solitude much pleased me. All the ground is so full of wild thyme, -marjoram, and other sweet plants, that it cannot be overstocked with -bees; I think he had near forty hives of that industrious insect. - -14th October, 1677. I went to church at Godstone, and to see old Sir -John Evelyn's DORMITORY, joining to the church, paved with marble, where -he and his Lady lie on a very stately monument at length; he in armor of -white marble. The inscription is only an account of his particular -branch of the family, on black marble. - -[Sidenote: LONDON] - -15th October, 1677. Returned to London; in the evening, I saw the Prince -of Orange, and supped with Lord Ossory. - -23d October, 1677. Saw again the Prince of Orange; his marriage with the -Lady Mary, eldest daughter to the Duke of York, by Mrs. Hyde, the late -Duchess, was now declared. - -11th November, 1677. I was all this week composing matters between old -Mrs. Howard and Sir Gabriel Sylvius, upon his long and earnest addresses -to Mrs. Anne, her second daughter, maid of honor to the Queen. My -friend, Mrs. Godolphin (who exceedingly loved the young lady) was most -industrious in it, out of pity to the languishing knight; so as though -there were great differences in their years, it was at last effected, -and they were married the 13th, in Henry VII.'s Chapel, by the Bishop of -Rochester, there being besides my wife and Mrs. Graham, her sister, Mrs. -Godolphin, and very few more. We dined at the old lady's, and supped at -Mr. Graham's at St. James's. - -15th November, 1677. The Queen's birthday, a great ball at Court, where -the Prince of Orange and his new Princess danced. - -19th November, 1677. They went away, and I saw embarked my Lady Sylvius, -who went into Holland with her husband, made Hoffmaester to the Prince, -a considerable employment. We parted with great sorrow, for the great -respect and honor I bore her, a most pious and virtuous lady. - -27th November, 1677. Dined at the Lord Treasurer's with Prince Rupert, -Viscount Falkenburg, Earl of Bath, Lord O'Brien, Sir John Lowther, Sir -Christopher Wren, Dr. Grew, and other learned men. - -30th November, 1677. Sir Joseph Williamson, Principal Secretary of -State, was chosen President of the Royal Society, after my Lord Viscount -Brouncker had possessed the chair now sixteen years successively, and -therefore now thought fit to CHANGE, that prescription might not -prejudice. - -4th December, 1677. Being the first day of his taking the chair, he gave -us a magnificent supper. - -20th December, 1677. Carried to my Lord Treasurer an account of the Earl -of Bristol's Library, at Wimbledon, which my Lord thought of purchasing, -till I acquainted him that it was a very broken collection, consisting -much in books of judicial astrology, romances, and trifles. - -25th December, 1677. I gave my son an office, with instructions how to -govern his youth; I pray God give him the grace to make a right use of -it! - -23d January, 1677-78. Dined with the Duke of Norfolk, being the first -time I had seen him since the death of his elder brother, who died at -Padua in Italy, where he had resided above thirty years. The Duke had -now newly declared his marriage to his concubine, whom he promised me he -never would marry. I went with him to see the Duke of Buckingham, thence -to my Lord Sunderland, now Secretary of State, to show him that rare -piece of Vosterman's (son of old Vosterman), which was a view, or -landscape of my Lord's palace, etc., at Althorpe in Northamptonshire. - -8th February, 1678. Supping at my Lord Chamberlain's I had a long -discourse with the Count de Castel Mellor, lately Prime Minister in -Portugal, who, taking part with his master, King Alphonso, was banished -by his brother, Don Pedro, now Regent; but had behaved himself so -uncorruptly in all his ministry that, though he was acquitted, and his -estate restored, yet would they not suffer him to return. He is a very -intelligent and worthy gentleman. - -18th February, 1678. My Lord Treasurer sent for me to accompany him to -Wimbledon, which he had lately purchased of the Earl of Bristol; so -breaking fast with him privately in his chamber, I accompanied him with -two of his daughters, my Lord Conway, and Sir Bernard Gascoyne; and, -having surveyed his gardens and alterations, returned late at night. - -[Sidenote: LONDON] - -22d February, 1678. Dr. Pierce preached at Whitehall, on 2 Thessalonians -iii. 6, against our late schismatics, in a rational discourse, but a -little over-sharp, and not at all proper for the auditory there. - -22d March, 1678. Dr. South preached _coram Rege_, an incomparable -discourse on this text, "A wounded spirit who can bear!" Note: Now was -our Communion table placed altarwise; the church steeple, clock, and -other reparations finished. - -16th April, 1678. I showed Don Emmanuel de Lyra (Portugal Ambassador) -and the Count de Castel Mellor, the Repository of the Royal Society, and -the College of Physicians. - -18th April, 1678. I went to see new Bedlam Hospital, magnificently -built, and most sweetly placed in Moorfields, since the dreadful fire in -London. - -28th June, 1678. I went to Windsor with my Lord Chamberlain (the castle -now repairing with exceeding cost) to see the rare work of Verrio, an -incomparable carving of Gibbons. - -29th June, 1678. Returned with my Lord by Hounslow Heath, where we saw -the newly raised army encamped, designed against France, in pretense, at -least; but which gave umbrage to the Parliament. His Majesty and a world -of company were in the field, and the whole army in battalia; a very -glorious sight. Now were brought into service a new sort of soldiers, -called GRENADIERS, who were dexterous in flinging hand grenades, -everyone having a pouch full; they had furred caps with coped crowns -like Janizaries, which made them look very fierce, and some had long -hoods hanging down behind, as we picture fools. Their clothing being -likewise piebald, yellow and red. - -8th July, 1678. Came to dine with me my Lord Longford, Treasurer of -Ireland, nephew to that learned gentleman, my Lord Aungier, with whom I -was long since acquainted; also the Lady Stidolph, and other company. - -19th July, 1678. The Earl of Ossory came to take his leave of me, going -into Holland to command the English forces. - -20th July, 1678. I went to the Tower to try a metal at the -Assay-master's, which only proved sulphur; then saw Monsieur Rotière, -that excellent graver belonging to the Mint, who emulates even the -ancients, in both metal and stone;[38] he was now molding a horse for -the King's statue, to be cast in silver, of a yard high. I dined with -Mr. Slingsby, Master of the Mint. - - [Footnote 38: Doubtless Philip Rotière, who introduced the figure of - Britannia into the coinage, taking for his model the King's - favorite, Frances Stewart, Duchess of Richmond.] - -23d July, 1678. Went to see Mr. Elias Ashmole's library and curiosities, -at Lambeth. He had divers MSS., but most of them astrological, to which -study he is addicted, though I believe not learned, but very -industrious, as his History of the order of the Garter proves. He showed -me a toad included in amber. The prospect from a turret is very fine, it -being so near London, and yet not discovering any house about the -country. The famous John Tradescant bequeathed his Repository to this -gentleman, who has given them to the University of Oxford, and erected a -lecture on them, over the laboratory, in imitation of the Royal Society. - -Mr. Godolphin was made master of the robes to the King. - -25th July, 1678. There was sent me £70; from whom I knew not, to be by -me distributed among poor people; I afterward found it was from that -dear friend (Mrs. Godolphin), who had frequently given me large sums to -bestow on charities. - -16th August, 1678. I went to Lady Mordaunt, who put £100 into my hand to -dispose of for pious uses, relief of prisoners, poor, etc. Many a sum -had she sent me on similar occasions; a blessed creature she was, and -one that loved and feared God exemplarily. - -[Sidenote: WEYBRIDGE] - -23d August, 1678. Upon Sir Robert Reading's importunity, I went to visit -the Duke of Norfolk, at his new palace at Weybridge, where he has laid -out in building near £10,000, on a copyhold, and in a miserable, barren, -sandy place by the street side; never in my life had I seen such expense -to so small purpose. The rooms are wainscotted, and some of them richly -pargeted with cedar, yew, cypress, etc. There are some good pictures, -especially that incomparable painting of Holbein's, where the Duke of -Norfolk, Charles Brandon and Henry VIII., are dancing with the three -ladies, with most amorous countenances, and sprightly motion exquisitely -expressed. It is a thousand pities (as I told my Lord of Arundel, his -son), that that jewel should be given away. - -24th August, 1678. I went to see my Lord of St. Alban's house, at -Byfleet, an old, large building. Thence, to the papermills, where I -found them making a coarse white paper. They cull the rags which are -linen for white paper, woolen for brown; then they stamp them in troughs -to a pap, with pestles, or hammers, like the powder mills, then put it -into a vessel of water, in which they dip a frame closely wired with -wire as small as a hair and as close as a weaver's reed; on this they -take up the pap, the superfluous water draining through the wire; this -they dexterously turning, shake out like a pancake on a smooth board -between two pieces of flannel, then press it between a great press, the -flannel sucking out the moisture; then, taking it out, they ply and dry -it on strings, as they dry linen in the laundry; then dip it in alum -water, lastly, polish and make it up in quires. They put some gum in the -water in which they macerate the rags. The mark we find on the sheets is -formed in the wire. - -25th August, 1678. After evening prayer, visited Mr. Sheldon (nephew to -the late Archbishop of Canterbury), and his pretty melancholy garden; I -took notice of the largest _arbor thuyris_ I had ever seen. The place is -finely watered, and there are many curiosities of India, shown in the -house. - -There was at Weybridge the Duchess of Norfolk, Lord Thomas Howard (a -worthy and virtuous gentleman, with whom my son was sometime bred in -Arundel House), who was newly come from Rome, where he had been some -time; also one of the Duke's daughters, by his first lady. My Lord -leading me about the house made no scruple of showing me all the hiding -places for the Popish priests, and where they said mass, for he was no -bigoted Papist. He told me he never trusted them with any secret, and -used Protestants only in all businesses of importance. - -I went this evening with my Lord Duke to Windsor, where was a -magnificent Court, it being the first time of his Majesty's removing -thither since it was repaired. - -27th August, 1678. I took leave of the Duke, and dined at Mr. Henry -Bruncker's, at the Abbey of Sheene, formerly a monastery of Carthusians, -there yet remaining one of their solitary cells with a cross. Within -this ample inclosure are several pretty villas and fine gardens of the -most excellent fruits, especially Sir William Temple's (lately -Ambassador into Holland), and the Lord Lisle's, son to the Earl of -Leicester, who has divers rare pictures, above all, that of Sir Brian -Tuke's, by Holbein. - -After dinner I walked to Ham, to see the house and garden of the Duke of -Lauderdale, which is indeed inferior to few of the best villas in Italy -itself; the house furnished like a great Prince's; the parterres, -flower-gardens, orangeries, groves, avenues, courts, statues, -perspectives, fountains, aviaries, and all this at the banks of the -sweetest river in the world, must needs be admirable. - -Hence, I went to my worthy friend, Sir Henry Capel [at Kew], brother to -the Earl of Essex; it is an old timber-house; but his garden has the -choicest fruit of any plantation in England, as he is the most -industrious and understanding in it. - -29th August, 1678. I was called to London to wait upon the Duke of -Norfolk, who having at my sole request bestowed the Arundelian Library -on the Royal Society; sent to me to take charge of the books, and remove -them, only stipulating that I would suffer the Herald's chief officer, -Sir William Dugdale, to have such of them as concerned heraldry and the -marshal's office, books of armory and genealogies, the Duke being Earl -Marshal of England. I procured for our Society, besides printed books, -near one hundred MSS. some in Greek of great concernment. The printed -books being of the oldest impressions, are not the less valuable; I -esteem them almost equal to MSS. Among them, are most of the Fathers, -printed at Basil, before the Jesuits abused them with their expurgatory -Indexes; there is a noble MS. of Vitruvius. Many of these books had been -presented by Popes, Cardinals, and great persons, to the Earls of -Arundel and Dukes of Norfolk; and the late magnificent Earl of Arundel -bought a noble library in Germany, which is in this collection. I should -not, for the honor I bear the family, have persuaded the Duke to part -with these, had I not seen how negligent he was of them, suffering the -priests and everybody to carry away and dispose of what they pleased; so -that abundance of rare things are irrecoverably gone. - -Having taken order here, I went to the Royal Society to give them an -account of what I had procured, that they might call a Council and -appoint a day to wait on the Duke to thank him for this munificent gift. - -[Sidenote: LONDON] - -3d September, 1678. I went to London, to dine with Mrs. Godolphin, and -found her in labor; she was brought to bed of a son, who was baptized in -the chamber, by the name of Francis, the susceptors being Sir William -Godolphin (head of the family), Mr. John Hervey, Treasurer to the Queen, -and Mrs. Boscawen, sister to Sir William and the father. - -8th September, 1678. While I was at church came a letter from Mr. -Godolphin, that my dear friend his lady was exceedingly ill, and -desiring my prayers and assistance. My wife and I took boat immediately, -and went to Whitehall, where, to my inexpressible sorrow, I found she -had been attacked with a new fever, then reigning this excessive hot -autumn, and which was so violent, that it was not thought she could last -many hours. - -9th September, 1678. She died in the 26th year of her age, to the -inexpressible affliction of her dear husband, and all her relations, but -of none in the world more than of myself, who lost the most excellent -and inestimable friend that ever lived. Never was a more virtuous and -inviolable friendship; never a more religious, discreet, and admirable -creature, beloved of all, admired of all, for all possible perfections -of her sex. She is gone to receive the reward of her signal charity, and -all other her Christian graces, too blessed a creature to converse with -mortals, fitted as she was, by a most holy life, to be received into the -mansions above. She was for wit, beauty, good nature, fidelity, -discretion, and all accomplishments, the most incomparable person. How -shall I ever repay the obligations to her for the infinite good offices -she did my soul by so often engaging me to make religion the terms and -tie of the friendship there was between us! She was the best wife, the -best mistress, the best friend, that ever husband had. But it is not -here that I pretend to give her character, HAVING DESIGNED TO CONSECRATE -HER WORTHY LIFE TO POSTERITY. - -Her husband, struck with unspeakable affliction, fell down as dead. The -King himself, and all the Court, expressed their sorrow. To the poor and -miserable, her loss was irreparable; for there was no degree but had -some obligation to her memory. So careful and provident was she to be -prepared for all possible accidents, that (as if she foresaw her end) -she received the heavenly viaticum but the Sunday before, after a most -solemn recollection. She put all her domestic concerns into the exactest -order, and left a letter directed to her husband, to be opened in case -she died in childbed, in which with the most pathetic and endearing -expressions of the most loyal and virtuous wife, she begs his kindness -to her memory might be continued by his care and esteem of those she -left behind, even to her domestic servants, to the meanest of which she -left considerable legacies, as well as to the poor. It was now seven -years since she was maid of honor to the Queen, that she regarded me as -a father, a brother, and what is more, a friend. We often prayed, -visited the sick and miserable, received, read, discoursed, and -communicated in all holy offices together. She was most dear to my wife, -and affectionate to my children. But she is gone! This only is my -comfort, that she is happy in Christ, and I shall shortly behold her -again. She desired to be buried in the dormitory of his family, near -three hundred miles from all her other friends. So afflicted was her -husband at this severe loss, that the entire care of her funeral was -committed to me. Having closed the eyes, and dropped a tear upon the -cheek of my dear departed friend, lovely even in death, I caused her -corpse to be embalmed and wrapped in lead, a plate of brass soldered -thereon, with an inscription, and other circumstances due to her worth, -with as much diligence and care as my grieved heart would permit me; I -then retired home for two days, which were spent in solitude and sad -reflection. - -17th September, 1678. She was, accordingly, carried to Godolphin, in -Cornwall, in a hearse with six horses, attended by two coaches of as -many, with about thirty of her relations and servants. There accompanied -the hearse her husband's brother, Sir William, two more of his brothers, -and three sisters; her husband was so overcome with grief, that he was -wholly unfit to travel so long a journey, till he was more composed. I -went as far as Hounslow with a sad heart; but was obliged to return upon -some indispensable affairs. The corpse was ordered to be taken out of -the hearse every night, and decently placed in the house, with tapers -about it, and her servants attending, to Cornwall; and then was -honorably interred in the parish church of Godolphin. This funeral cost -not much less than £1,000. - -With Mr. Godolphin, I looked over and sorted his lady's papers, most of -which consisted of Prayers, Meditations, Sermon-notes, Discourses, and -Collections on several religious subjects, and many of her own happy -composing, and so pertinently digested, as if she had been all her life -a student in divinity. We found a diary of her solemn resolutions, -tending to practical virtue, with letters from select friends, all put -into exact method. It astonished us to see what she had read and -written, her youth considered. - -[Sidenote: LONDON] - -1st October, 1678. The Parliament and the whole Nation were alarmed -about a conspiracy of some eminent Papists for the destruction of the -King and introduction of Popery, discovered by one Oates and Dr. -Tongue,[39] WHICH LAST I KNEW, BEING THE TRANSLATOR OF THE "Jesuits' -Morals"; I went to see and converse with him at Whitehall, with Mr. -Oates, one that was lately an apostate to the church of Rome, and now -returned again with this discovery. He seemed to be a bold man, and, in -my thoughts, furiously indiscreet; but everybody believed what he said; -and it quite changed the genius and motions of the Parliament, growing -now corrupt and interested with long sitting and court practices; but, -with all this, Popery would not go down. This discovery turned them all -as one man against it, and nothing was done but to find out the depth of -this. Oates was encouraged, and everything he affirmed taken for gospel; -the truth is, the Roman Catholics were exceedingly bold and busy -everywhere, since the Duke forbore to go any longer to the chapel. - - [Footnote 39: Ezrael Tonge was bred in University College, Oxford, - and being puritanically inclined, quitted the University; but in - 1648 returned, and was made a Fellow. He had the living of Pluckley, - in Kent, which he resigned in consequence of quarrels with his - parishioners and Quakers. In 1657, he was made fellow of the - newly-erected College at Durham, and that being dissolved in 1660, - he taught school at Islington. He then went with Colonel Edward - Harley to Dunkirk, and subsequently took a small living in - Herefordshire (Lentwardine); but quitted it for St. Mary Stayning, - in London, which, after the fire in 1666, was united to St. Michael, - Wood Street. These he held till his death, in 1680. He was a great - opponent of the Roman Catholics. Wood mentions several publications - of his, among which are, "The Jesuits Unmasked," 1678; "Jesuitical - Aphorisms," 1678; and "The Jesuits' Morals," 1680 (1670); the two - latter translated from the French. (Wood's "_Athenĉ, Oxon._" vol. - ii. p. 502.) Evelyn speaks of the last of these translations as - having been executed by his desire: and it figures in a notable - passage of Oates's testimony. Oates said, for example, "that Thomas - Whitbread, a priest, on 13th of June, 16 . . did tell the rector of - St. Omer's that a Minister of the Church of England had scandalously - put out the 'Jesuits' Morals' in English, and had endeavored to - render them odious, and had asked the Rector whether he thought - Oates might know him? and the Rector called, the deponent, who heard - these words as he stood at the chamber door, and when he went into - the chamber of the Provincial, he asked him 'If he knew the author - of the "Jesuits' Morals?"' deponent answered, 'His person, but not - his name.' Whitbread then demanded, whether he would undertake to - poison, or assassinate the author; which deponent undertook, having - £50 reward promised him, and appointed to return to England."] - -16th October, 1678. Mr. Godolphin requested me to continue the trust his -wife had reposed in me, in behalf of his little son, conjuring me to -transfer the friendship I had for his dear wife, on him and his. - -21st October, 1678. The murder of Sir Edmondbury Godfrey, found -strangled about this time, as was manifest, by the Papists, he being the -Justice of the Peace, and one who knew much of their practices, as -conversant with Coleman (a servant of the ... now accused), put the -whole nation into a new ferment against them. - -31st October, 1678. Being the 58th of my age, required my humble -addresses to Almighty God, and that he would take off his heavy hand, -still on my family; and restore comforts to us after the death of my -excellent friend. - -[Sidenote: LONDON] - -5th November, 1678. Dr. Tillotson preached before the Commons at St. -Margaret's. He said the Papists were now arrived at that impudence, as -to deny that there ever was any such as the gunpowder-conspiracy; but he -affirmed that he himself had several letters written by Sir Everard -Digby (one of the traitors), in which he gloried that he was to suffer -for it; and that it was so contrived, that of the Papists not above two -or three should have been blown up, and they, such as were not worth -saving. - -15th November, 1678. The Queen's birthday. I never saw the Court more -brave, nor the nation in more apprehension and consternation. Coleman -and one Staly had now been tried, condemned, and executed. On this, -Oates grew so presumptuous as to accuse the Queen of intending to poison -the King; which certainly that pious and virtuous lady abhorred the -thoughts of, and Oates's circumstances made it utterly unlikely in my -opinion. He probably thought to gratify some who would have been glad -his Majesty should have married a fruitful lady; but the King was too -kind a husband to let any of these make impression on him. However, -divers of the Popish peers were sent to the Tower, accused by Oates; and -all the Roman Catholic lords were by a new Act forever excluded the -Parliament; which was a mighty blow. The King's, Queen's, and Duke's -servants, were banished, and a test to be taken by everybody who -pretended to enjoy any office of public trust, and who would not be -suspected of Popery. I went with Sir William Godolphin, a member of the -Commons' House, to the Bishop of Ely (Dr. Peter Gunning), to be resolved -whether masses were idolatry, as the text expressed it, which was so -worded, that several good Protestants scrupled, and Sir William, though -a learned man and excellent divine himself, had some doubts about it. -The Bishop's opinion was that he might take it, though he wished it had -been otherwise worded in the text. - -15th January, 1678-79. I went with my Lady Sunderland to Chelsa, and -dined with the Countess of Bristol [her mother] in the great house, -formerly the Duke of Buckingham's, a spacious and excellent place for -the extent of ground and situation in a good air. The house is large but -ill-contrived, though my Lord of Bristol, who purchased it after he sold -Wimbledon to my Lord Treasurer, expended much money on it. There were -divers pictures of Titian and Vandyke, and some of Bassano, very -excellent, especially an Adonis and Venus, a Duke of Venice, a butcher -in his shambles selling meat to a Swiss; and of Vandyke, my Lord of -Bristol's picture, with the Earl of Bedford's at length, in the same -table. There was in the garden a rare collection of orange trees, of -which she was pleased to bestow some upon me. - -16th January, 1679. I supped this night with Mr. Secretary at one Mr. -Houblon's, a French merchant, who had his house furnished _en Prince_, -and gave us a splendid entertainment. - -25th January, 1679. The Long Parliament, which had sat ever since the -Restoration, was dissolved by persuasion of the Lord Treasurer, though -divers of them were believed to be his pensioner. At this, all the -politicians were at a stand, they being very eager in pursuit of the -late plot of the Papists. - -30th January, 1679. Dr. Cudworth preached before the King at Whitehall, -on 2 Timothy iii. 5, reckoning up the perils of the last times, in -which, among other wickedness, treasons should be one of the greatest, -applying it to the occasion, as committed under a form of reformation -and godliness; concluding that the prophecy did intend more particularly -the present age, as one of the last times; the sins there enumerated, -more abundantly reigning than ever. - -[Sidenote: LONDON] - -2d February, 1679. Dr. Durell, Dean of Windsor, preached to the -household at Whitehall, on 1 Cor. xvi. 22; he read the whole sermon out -of his notes, which I had never before seen a Frenchman do, he being of -Jersey, and bred at Paris. - -4th February, 1679. Dr. Pierce, Dean of Salisbury, preached on 1 John, -iv. 1, "Try the Spirits, there being so many delusory ones gone forth of -late into the world"; he inveighed against the pernicious doctrines of -Mr. Hobbes. - -My brother Evelyn, was now chosen Knight for the County of Surrey, -carrying it against my Lord Longford and Sir Adam Brown, of Bechworth -Castle. The country coming in to give him their suffrages were so many, -that I believe they ate and drank him out near £2,000, by a most -abominable custom. - -1st April, 1679. My friend, Mr. Godolphin, was now made one of the Lords -Commissioners of the Treasury, and of the Privy Council. - -4th April, 1679. The Bishop of Gloucester preached in a manner very like -Bishop Andrews, full of divisions, and scholastical, and that with much -quickness. The Holy Communion followed. - -20th April, 1679. EASTER DAY. Our vicar preached exceedingly well on 1 -Cor. v. 7. The Holy Communion followed, at which I and my daughter, Mary -(now about fourteen years old), received for the first time. The Lord -Jesus continue his grace unto her, and improve this blessed beginning! - -24th April, 1679. The Duke of York, voted against by the Commons for his -recusancy, went over to Flanders; which made much discourse. - -4th June, 1679. I dined with Mr. Pepys in the Tower, he having been -committed by the House of Commons for misdemeanors in the Admiralty when -he was secretary; I believe he was unjustly charged. Here I saluted my -Lords Stafford and Petre, who were committed for the Popish plot. - -7th June, 1679. I saw the magnificent cavalcade and entry of the -Portugal Ambassador. - -17th June, 1679. I was godfather to a son of Sir Christopher Wren, -surveyor of his Majesty's buildings, that most excellent and learned -person, with Sir William Fermor, and my Lady Viscountess Newport, wife -of the Treasurer of the Household. - -Thence to Chelsea, to Sir Stephen Fox, and my lady, in order to the -purchase of the Countess of Bristol's house there, which she desired me -to procure a chapman for. - -19th June, 1679. I dined at Sir Robert Clayton's with Sir Robert Viner, -the great banker. - -22d June, 1679. There were now divers Jesuits executed about the plot, -and a rebellion in Scotland of the fanatics, so that there was a sad -prospect of public affairs. - -25th June, 1679. The new Commissioners of the Admiralty came to visit -me, viz, Sir Henry Capell, brother to the Earl of Essex, Mr. Finch, -eldest son to the Lord Chancellor, Sir Humphry Winch, Sir Thomas Meeres, -Mr. Hales, with some of the Commissioners of the Navy. I went with them -to London. - -1st July, 1679. I dined at Sir William Godolphin's, and with that -learned gentleman went to take the air in Hyde Park, where was a -glorious _cortège_. - -3d July, 1679. Sending a piece of venison to Mr. Pepys, still a -prisoner, I went and dined with him. - -6th July, 1679. Now were there papers, speeches, and libels, publicly -cried in the streets against the Dukes of York and Lauderdale, etc., -obnoxious to the Parliament, with too much and indeed too shameful a -liberty; but the people and Parliament had gotten head by reason of the -vices of the great ones. - -[Sidenote: LONDON] - -There was now brought up to London a child, son of one Mr. Wotton, -formerly amanuensis to Dr. Andrews, Bishop of Winton, who both read and -perfectly understood Hebrew, Greek, Latin, Arabic, Syriac, and most of -the modern languages; disputed in divinity, law, and all the sciences; -was skillful in history, both ecclesiastical and profane; in politics; -in a word, so universally and solidly learned at eleven years of age, -that he was looked on as a miracle. Dr. Lloyd, one of the most deeply -learned divines of this nation in all sorts of literature, with Dr. -Burnet, who had severely examined him, came away astonished, and they -told me they did not believe there had the like appeared in the world. -He had only been instructed by his father, who being himself a learned -person, confessed that his son knew all that he himself knew. But, what -was more admirable than his vast memory, was his judgment and invention, -he being tried with divers hard questions, which required maturity of -thought and experience. He was also dexterous in chronology, -antiquities, mathematics. In sum, an _intellectus universalis_, beyond -all that we read of Picus Mirandula, and other precocious wits, and yet -withal a very humble child. - -14th July, 1679. I went to see how things stood at Parson's Green, my -Lady Viscountess Mordaunt (now sick in Paris, whither she went for -health) having made me a trustee for her children, an office I could not -refuse to this most excellent, pious, and virtuous lady, my long -acquaintance. - -15th July, 1679. I dined with Mr. Sidney Godolphin, now one of the Lords -Commissioners of the Treasury. - -18th July, 1679. I went early to the Old Bailey Sessions House, to the -famous trial of Sir George Wakeman, one of the Queen's physicians, and -three Benedictine monks; the first (whom I was well acquainted with, and -take to be a worthy gentleman abhorring such a fact), for intending to -poison the King; the others as accomplices to carry on the plot, to -subvert the government, and introduce Popery. The bench was crowded with -the judges, Lord Mayor justices, and innumerable spectators. The chief -accusers, Dr. Oates (as he called himself), and one Bedlow, a man of -inferior note. Their testimonies were not so pregnant, and I fear much -of it from hearsay, but swearing positively to some particulars, which -drew suspicion upon their truth; nor did circumstances so agree, as to -give either the bench or jury so entire satisfaction as was expected. -After, therefore, a long and tedious trial of nine hours, the jury -brought them in not guilty, to the extraordinary triumph of the Papists, -and without sufficient disadvantage and reflections on witnesses, -especially Oates and Bedlow. - -This was a happy day for the lords in the Tower, who, expecting their -trial, had this gone against the prisoners at the bar, would all have -been in the utmost hazard. For my part, I look on Oates as a vain, -insolent man, puffed up with the favor of the Commons for having -discovered something really true, more especially as detecting the -dangerous intrigue of Coleman, proved out of his own letters, and of a -general design which the Jesuited party of the Papists ever had and -still have, to ruin the Church of England; but that he was trusted with -those great secrets he pretended, or had any solid ground for what he -accused divers noblemen of, I have many reasons to induce my contrary -belief. That among so many commissions as he affirmed to have delivered -to them from P. Oliva[40] and the Pope,--he who made no scruple of -opening all other papers, letters, and secrets, should not only not open -any of those pretended commissions, but not so much as take any copy or -witness of any one of them, is almost miraculous. But the Commons (some -leading persons I mean of them) had so exalted him that they took all he -said for Gospel, and without more ado ruined all whom he named to be -conspirators; nor did he spare whoever came in his way. But, indeed, the -murder of Sir Edmundbury Godfrey, suspected to have been compassed by -the Jesuits' party for his intimacy with Coleman (a busy person whom I -also knew), and the fear they had that he was able to have discovered -things to their prejudice, did so exasperate not only the Commons, but -all the nation, that much of these sharpnesses against the more honest -Roman Catholics who lived peaceably, is to be imputed to that horrid -fact. - - [Footnote 40: Padrè Oliva, General of the Order of Jesuits.] - -The sessions ended, I dined or rather supped (so late it was) with the -judges in the large room annexed to the place, and so returned home. -Though it was not my custom or delight to be often present at any -capital trials, we having them commonly so exactly published by those -who take them in short-hand, yet I was inclined to be at this signal -one, that by the ocular view of the carriages and other circumstances of -the managers and parties concerned, I might inform myself, and regulate -my opinion of a cause that had so alarmed the whole nation. - -22d July, 1679. Dined at Clapham, at Sir D. Gauden's; went thence with -him to Windsor, to assist him in a business with his Majesty. I lay that -night at Eton College, the Provost's lodgings (Dr. Craddock), where I -was courteously entertained. - -[Sidenote: LONDON] - -23d July, 1679. To Court: after dinner, I visited that excellent -painter, Verrio, whose works in _fresco_ in the King's palace, at -Windsor, will celebrate his name as long as those walls last. He showed -us his pretty garden, choice flowers, and curiosities, he himself being -a skillful gardener. - -I went to Clifden, that stupendous natural rock, wood, and prospect, of -the Duke of Buckingham's, and buildings of extraordinary expense. The -grots in the chalky rocks are pretty: it is a romantic object, and the -place altogether answers the most poetical description that can be made -of solitude, precipice, prospect, or whatever can contribute to a thing -so very like their imaginations. The stand, somewhat like Frascati as to -its front, and on the platform is a circular view to the utmost verge of -the horizon, which, with the serpenting of the Thames, is admirable. The -staircase is for its materials singular; the cloisters, descents, -gardens, and avenue through the wood, august and stately; but the land -all about wretchedly barren, and producing nothing but fern. Indeed, as -I told his Majesty that evening (asking me how I liked Clifden) without -flattery, that it did not please me so well as Windsor for the prospect -and park, which is without compare; there being but one only opening, -and that narrow, which led one to any variety; whereas that of Windsor -is everywhere great and unconfined. - -Returning, I called at my cousin Evelyn's, who has a very pretty seat in -the forest, two miles by hither Clifden, on a flat, with gardens -exquisitely kept, though large, and the house a staunch good old -building, and what was singular, some of the rooms floored dove -tail-wise without a nail, exactly close. One of the closets is pargeted -with plain deal, set in diamond, exceeding staunch and pretty. - -7th August, 1679. Dined at the Sheriff's, when, the Company of Drapers -and their wives being invited, there was a sumptuous entertainment, -according to the forms of the city, with music, etc., comparable to any -prince's service in Europe. - -8th August, 1679. I went this morning to show my Lord Chamberlain, his -Lady, and the Duchess of Grafton, the incomparable work of Mr. Gibbon, -the carver, whom I first recommended to his Majesty, his house being -furnished like a cabinet, not only with his own work, but divers -excellent paintings of the best hands. Thence, to Sir Stephen Fox's, -where we spent the day. - -31st August, 1679. After evening service, to see a neighbor, one Mr. -Bohun, related to my son's late tutor of that name, a rich Spanish -merchant, living in a neat place, which he has adorned with many -curiosities, especially several carvings of Mr. Gibbons, and some -pictures by Streeter. - -13th September, 1679. To Windsor, to congratulate his Majesty on his -recovery; I kissed the Duke's hand, now lately returned from -Flanders[41] to visit his brother the King, on which there were various -bold and foolish discourses, the Duke of Monmouth being sent away. - - [Footnote 41: He returned the day before, the 12th of September. - This is another of the indications that the entries of this Diary - were not always made on the precise days they refer to.] - -19th September, 1679. My Lord Sunderland, one of the principal -Secretaries of State, invited me to dinner, where was the King's natural -son, the Earl of Plymouth, the Earl of Shrewsbury, Earl of Essex, Earl -of Mulgrave, Mr. Hyde, and Mr. Godolphin. After dinner I went to prayers -at Eton, and visited Mr. Henry Godolphin, fellow there, and Dr. -Craddock. - -25th September, 1679. Mr. Slingsby and Signor Verrio came to dine with -me, to whom I gave China oranges off my own trees, as good, I think, as -were ever eaten. - -6th October, 1679. A very wet and sickly season. - -23d October, 1679. Dined at my Lord Chamberlain's, the King being now -newly returned from his Newmarket recreations. - -4th November, 1679. Dined at the Lord Mayor's; and, in the evening, went -to the funeral of my pious, dear, and ancient learned friend, Dr. Jasper -Needham, who was buried at St. Bride's Church. He was a true and holy -Christian, and one who loved me with great affection. Dr. Dove preached -with an eulogy due to his memory. I lost in this person one of my -dearest remaining sincere friends. - -5th November, 1679. I was invited to dine at my Lord Teviotdale's, a -Scotch Earl, a learned and knowing nobleman. We afterward went to see -Mr. Montague's new palace near Bloomsbury, built by our curator, Mr. -Hooke, somewhat after the French; it was most nobly furnished, and a -fine, but too much exposed garden.[42] - - [Footnote 42: Now the British Museum.] - -[Sidenote: LONDON] - -6th November, 1679. Dined at the Countess of Sunderland's, and was this -evening at the remarriage of the Duchess of Grafton to the Duke (his -Majesty's natural son), she being now twelve years old. The ceremony was -performed in my Lord Chamberlain's (her father's) lodgings at Whitehall -by the Bishop of Rochester, his Majesty being present. A sudden and -unexpected thing, when everybody believed the first marriage would have -come to nothing; but, the measure being determined, I was privately -invited by my Lady, her mother, to be present. I confess I could give -her little joy, and so I plainly told her, but she said the King would -have it so, and there was no going back. This sweetest, most hopeful, -most beautiful, child, and most virtuous, too, was sacrificed to a boy -that had been rudely bred, without anything to encourage them but his -Majesty's pleasure. I pray God the sweet child find it to her advantage, -who, if my augury deceive me not, will in a few years be such a paragon -as were fit to make the wife of the greatest Prince in Europe! I staid -supper, where his Majesty sat between the Duchess of Cleveland (the -mother of the Duke of Grafton) and the sweet Duchess the bride; there -were several great persons and ladies, without pomp. My love to my Lord -Arlington's family, and the sweet child made me behold all this with -regret, though as the Duke of Grafton affects the sea, to which I find -his father intends to use him, he may emerge a plain, useful and robust -officer: and were he polished, a tolerable person; for he is exceedingly -handsome, by far surpassing any of the King's other natural issue. - -8th November, 1679. At Sir Stephen Fox's, and was agreeing for the -Countess of Bristol's house at Chelsea, within £500. - -18th November, 1679. I dined at my Lord Mayor's, being desired by the -Countess of Sunderland to carry her thither on a solemn day, that she -might see the pomp and ceremony of this Prince of Citizens, there never -having been any, who for the stateliness of his palace, prodigious -feasting, and magnificence, exceeded him. This Lord Mayor's acquaintance -had been from the time of his being apprentice to one Mr. Abbot, his -uncle, who being a scrivener, and an honest worthy man, one who was -condemned to die at the beginning of the troubles forty years past, as -concerned in the commission of array for King Charles I. had escaped -with his life; I often used his assistance in money matters. Robert -Clayton, then a boy, his nephew, became, after his uncle Abbot's death, -so prodigiously rich and opulent, that he was reckoned one of the -wealthiest citizens. He married a free-hearted woman, who became his -hospitable disposition; and having no children, with the accession of -his partner and fellow apprentice, who also left him his estate, he grew -excessively rich. He was a discreet magistrate, and though envied, I -think without much cause. Some believed him guilty of hard dealing, -especially with the Duke of Buckingham, much of whose estate he had -swallowed, but I never saw any ill by him, considering the trade he was -of. The reputation and known integrity of his uncle, Abbot, brought all -the royal party to him, by which he got not only great credit, but vast -wealth, so as he passed this office with infinite magnificence and -honor. - -20th November, 1679. I dined with Mr. Slingsby, Master of the Mint, with -my wife, invited to hear music, which was exquisitely performed by four -of the most renowned masters: Du Prue, a Frenchman, on the lute; Signor -Bartholomeo, an Italian, on the harpsichord; Nicholao on the violin; -but, above all, for its sweetness and novelty, the _viol d'amore_ of -five wire strings played on with a bow, being but an ordinary violin, -played on lyre-way, by a German. There was also a _flute douce_, now in -much request for accompanying the voice. Mr. Slingsby, whose son and -daughter played skillfully, had these meetings frequently in his house. - -21st November, 1679. I dined at my Lord Mayor's, to accompany my -worthiest and generous friend, the Earl of Ossory; it was on a Friday, a -private day, but the feast and entertainment might have become a King. -Such an hospitable costume and splendid magistrature does no city in the -world show, as I believe. - -23d November, 1679. Dr. Allestree preached before the household on St. -Luke xi. 2; Dr. Lloyd on Matt. xxiii. 20, before the King, showing with -how little reason the Papists applied those words of our blessed Savior -to maintain the pretended infallibility they boast of. I never heard a -more Christian and excellent discourse; yet were some offended that he -seemed to say the Church of Rome was a true church; but it was a -captious mistake; for he never affirmed anything that could be more to -their reproach, and that such was the present Church of Rome, showing -how much it had erred. There was not in this sermon so much as a shadow -for censure, no person of all the clergy having testified greater zeal -against the errors of the Papists than this pious and most learned -person. I dined at the Bishop of Rochester's, and then went to St. -Paul's to hear that great wit, Dr. Sprat, now newly succeeding Dr. -Outram, in the cure of St. Margaret's. His talent was a great memory, -never making use of notes, a readiness of expression in a most pure and -plain style of words, full of matter, easily delivered. - -26th November, 1679. I met the Earl of Clarendon with the rest of my -fellow executors of the Will of my late Lady Viscountess Mordaunt, -namely, Mr. Laurence Hyde, one of the Commissioners of the Treasury, and -lately Plenipotentiary-Ambassador at Nimeguen; Andrew Newport; and Sir -Charles Wheeler; to examine and audit and dispose of this year's account -of the estate of this excellent Lady, according to the direction of her -Will. - -27th November, 1679. I went to see Sir John Stonehouse, with whom I was -treating a marriage between my son and his daughter-in-law. - -28th November, 1679. Came over the Duke of Monmouth from Holland -unexpectedly to his Majesty; while the Duke of York was on his journey -to Scotland, whither the King sent him to reside and govern. The bells -and bonfires of the city at this arrival of the Duke of Monmouth -publishing their joy, to the no small regret of some at Court. This -Duke, whom for distinction they called the Protestant Duke (though the -son of an abandoned woman), the people made their idol. - -[Sidenote: LONDON] - -4th December, 1679. I dined, together with Lord Ossory and the Earl of -Chesterfield, at the Portugal Ambassador's, now newly come, at Cleveland -House, a noble palace, too good for that infamous.... The staircase is -sumptuous, and the gallery and garden; but, above all, the costly -furniture belonging to the Ambassador, especially the rich Japan -cabinets, of which I think there were a dozen. There was a billiard -table, with as many more hazards as ours commonly have; the game being -only to prosecute the ball till hazarded, without passing the port, or -touching the pin; if one miss hitting the ball every time, the game is -lost, or if hazarded. It is more difficult to hazard a ball, though so -many, than in our table, by reason the bound is made so exactly even, -and the edges not stuffed; the balls are also bigger, and they for the -most part use the sharp and small end of the billiard stick, which is -shod with brass, or silver. The entertainment was exceedingly civil; -but, besides a good olio, the dishes were trifling, hashed and condited -after their way, not at all fit for an English stomach, which is for -solid meat. There was yet good fowls, but roasted to coal, nor were the -sweetmeats good. - -30th December, 1679. I went to meet Sir John Stonehouse, and give him a -particular of the settlement on my son, who now made his addresses to -the young lady his daughter-in-law, daughter of Lady Stonehouse. - -25th January, 1679-80. Dr. Cave, author of "Primitive Christianity," -etc., a pious and learned man, preached at Whitehall to the household, -on James iii. 17, concerning the duty of grace and charity. - -30th January, 1680. I supped with Sir Stephen Fox, now made one of the -Lords Commissioners of the Treasury. - -19th February, 1680. The writings for the settling jointure and other -contracts of marriage of my son were finished and sealed. The lady was -to bring £5,000, in consideration of a settlement of £500 a year present -maintenance, which was likewise to be her jointure, and £500 a year -after mine and my wife's decease. But, with God's blessing, it will be -at the least £1,000 a year more in a few years. I pray God make him -worthy of it, and a comfort to his excellent mother, who deserves much -from him! - -21st February, 1680. SHROVE-TUESDAY. My son was married to Mrs. Martha -Spencer, daughter to my Lady Stonehouse by a former gentleman, at St. -Andrew's, Holborn, by our Vicar, borrowing the church of Dr. -Stillingfleet, Dean of St. Paul's, the present incumbent. We afterward -dined at a house in Holborn; and, after the solemnity and dancing was -done, they were bedded at Sir John Stonehouse's lodgings in Bow Street, -Convent Garden. - -26th February, 1680. To the Royal Society, where I met an Irish Bishop -with his Lady, who was daughter to my worthy and pious friend, Dr. -Jeremy Taylor, late Bishop of Down and Connor; they came to see the -Repository. She seemed to be a knowing woman, beyond the ordinary talent -of her sex. - -3d March, 1680. I dined at my Lord Mayor's, in order to the meeting of -my Lady Beckford, whose daughter (a rich heiress) I had recommended to -my brother of Wotton for his only son, she being the daughter of the -lady by Mr. Eversfield, a Sussex gentleman. - -16th March, 1680. To London, to receive £3,000 of my daughter-in-law's -portion, which was paid in gold. - -26th March, 1680. The Dean of Sarum preached on Jerem. xlv. 5, an hour -and a half from his common-place book, of kings and great men retiring -to private situations. Scarce anything of Scripture in it. - -[Sidenote: CASHIOBURY] - -18th April, 1680. On the earnest invitation of the Earl of Essex, I went -with him to his house at Cashiobury, in Hertfordshire. It was on Sunday, -but going early from his house in the square of St. James, we arrived by -ten o'clock; this he thought too late to go to church, and we had -prayers in his chapel. The house is new, a plain fabric, built by my -friend, Mr. Hugh May. There are divers fair and good rooms, and -excellent carving by Gibbons, especially the chimney-piece of the -library. There is in the porch, or entrance, a painting by Verrio, of -Apollo and the Liberal Arts. One room pargeted with yew, which I liked -well. Some of the chimney mantels are of Irish marble, brought by my -Lord from Ireland, when he was Lord-Lieutenant, and not much inferior to -Italian. The tympanum, or gable, at the front is a bass-relievo of Diana -hunting, cut in Portland stone, handsomely enough. I do not approve of -the middle doors being round: but, when the hall is finished as -designed, it being an oval with a cupola, together with the other wing, -it will be a very noble palace. The library is large, and very nobly -furnished, and all the books are richly bound and gilded; but there are -no MSS., except the Parliament Rolls and Journals, the transcribing and -binding of which cost him, as he assured me, £500. - -No man has been more industrious than this noble Lord in planting about -his seat, adorned with walks, ponds, and other rural elegancies; but the -soil is stony, churlish, and uneven, nor is the water near enough to the -house, though a very swift and clear stream runs within a flight-shot -from it in the valley, which may fitly be called Coldbrook, it being -indeed excessively cold, yet producing fair trouts. It is a pity the -house was not situated to more advantage: but it seems it was built just -where the old one was, which I believe he only meant to repair; this -leads men into irremediable errors, and saves but a little. - -The land about is exceedingly addicted to wood, but the coldness of the -place hinders the growth. Black cherry trees prosper even to -considerable timber, some being eighty feet long; they make also very -handsome avenues. There is a pretty oval at the end of a fair walk, set -about with treble rows of Spanish chestnut trees. - -The gardens are very rare, and cannot be otherwise, having so skillful -an artist to govern them as Mr. Cooke, who is, as to the mechanic part, -not ignorant in mathematics, and pretends to astrology. There is an -excellent collection of the choicest fruit. - -As for my Lord, he is a sober, wise, judicious, and pondering person, -not illiterate beyond the rate of most noblemen in this age, very well -versed in English history and affairs, industrious, frugal, methodical, -and every way accomplished. His Lady (being sister of the late Earl of -Northumberland) is a wise, yet somewhat melancholy woman, setting her -heart too much on the little lady, her daughter, of whom she is over -fond. They have a hopeful son at the Academy. - -My Lord was not long since come from his Lord-Lieutenancy of Ireland, -where he showed his abilities in administration and government, as well -as prudence in considerably augmenting his estate without reproach. He -had been Ambassador-extraordinary in Denmark, and, in a word, such a -person as became the son of that worthy hero his father to be, the late -Lord Capel, who lost his life for King Charles I. - -We spent our time in the mornings in walking, or riding, and contriving -[alterations], and the afternoons in the library, so as I passed my time -for three or four days with much satisfaction. He was pleased in -conversation to impart to me divers particulars of state, relating to -the present times. He being no great friend to the D---- was now laid -aside, his integrity and abilities being not so suitable in this -conjuncture. 21st. I returned to London. - -30th April, 1680. To a meeting of the executors of late Viscountess -Mordaunt's estate, to consider of the sale of Parson's Green, being in -treaty with Mr. Loftus, and to settle the half year's account. - -1st May, 1680. Was a meeting of the feoffees of the poor of our parish. -This year I would stand one of the collectors of their rents, to give -example to others. My son was added to the feoffees. - -This afternoon came to visit me Sir Edward Deering, of Surrendon, in -Kent, one of the Lords of the Treasury, with his daughter, married to my -worthy friend, Sir Robert Southwell, Clerk of the Council, now -Extraordinary-Envoy to the Duke of Brandenburgh, and other Princes in -Germany, as before he had been in Portugal, being a sober, wise, and -virtuous gentleman. - -13th May, 1680. I was at the funeral of old Mr. Shish, master-shipwright -of his Majesty's Yard here, an honest and remarkable man, and his death -a public loss, for his excellent success in building ships (though -altogether illiterate), and for breeding up so many of his children to -be able artists. I held up the pall with three knights, who did him that -honor, and he was worthy of it. It was the custom of this good man to -rise in the night, and to pray, kneeling in his own coffin, which he had -lying by him for many years. He was born that famous year, the -Gunpowder-plot, 1605. - -14th June, 1680. Came to dine with us the Countess of Clarendon, Dr. -Lloyd, Dean of Bangor (since Bishop of St. Asaph), Dr. Burnet, author of -the "History of the Reformation," and my old friend, Mr. Henshaw. After -dinner we all went to see the Observatory, and Mr. Flamsted, who showed -us divers rare instruments, especially the great quadrant. - -[Sidenote: WINDSOR] - -24th July, 1680. Went with my wife and daughter to Windsor, to see that -stately court, now near finished. There was erected in the court the -King on horseback, lately cast in copper, and set on a rich pedestal of -white marble, the work of Mr. Gibbons, at the expense of Toby Rustate, a -page of the back stairs, who by his wonderful frugality had arrived to a -great estate in money, and did many works of charity, as well as this of -gratitude to his master, which cost him £1,000. He is very simple, -ignorant, but honest and loyal creature. - -We all dined at the Countess of Sunderland's, afterward to see Signor -Verrio's garden, thence to Eton College, to salute the provost, and -heard a Latin speech of one of the alumni (it being at the election) and -were invited to supper; but took our leave, and got to London that night -in good time. - -[Sidenote: LONDON] - -26th July, 1680. My most noble and illustrious friend, the Earl of -Ossory, espying me this morning after sermon in the privy gallery, -calling to me, told me he was now going his journey (meaning to Tangier, -whither he was designed Governor, and General of the forces, to regain -the losses we had lately sustained from the Moors, when Inchiquin was -Governor). I asked if he would not call at my house (as he always did -whenever he went out of England on any exploit). He said he must embark -at Portsmouth, "wherefore let you and me dine together to-day; I am -quite alone, and have something to impart to you; I am not well, shall -be private, and desire your company." - -Being retired to his lodgings, and set down on a couch, he sent to his -secretary for the copy of a letter which he had written to Lord -Sunderland (Secretary of State), wishing me to read it; it was to take -notice how ill he resented it, that he should tell the King before Lord -Ossory's face, that Tangier was not to be kept, but would certainly be -lost, and yet added that it was fit Lord Ossory should be sent, that -they might give some account of it to the world, meaning (as supposed) -the next Parliament, when all such miscarriages would probably be -examined; this Lord Ossory took very ill of Lord Sunderland, and not -kindly of the King, who resolving to send him with an incompetent force, -seemed, as his Lordship took it, to be willing to cast him away, not -only on a hazardous adventure, but in most men's opinion, an -impossibility, seeing there was not to be above 300 or 400 horse, and -4,000 foot for the garrison and all, both to defend the town, form a -camp, repulse the enemy, and fortify what ground they should get in. -This touched my Lord deeply, that he should be so little considered as -to put him on a business in which he should probably not only lose his -reputation, but be charged with all the miscarriage and ill success; -whereas, at first they promised 6,000 foot and 600 horse effective. - -My Lord, being an exceedingly brave and valiant person, and who had so -approved himself in divers signal battles, both at sea and land; so -beloved and so esteemed by the people, as one they depended on, upon all -occasions worthy of such a captain;--he looked on this as too great an -indifference in his Majesty, after all his services, and the merits of -his father, the Duke of Ormond, and a design of some who envied his -virtue. It certainly took so deep root in his mind, that he who was the -most void of fear in the world (and assured me he would go to Tangier -with ten men if his Majesty commanded him) could not bear up against -this unkindness. Having disburdened himself of this to me after dinner, -he went with his Majesty to the sheriffs at a great supper in -Fishmongers' Hall; but finding himself ill, took his leave immediately -of his Majesty, and came back to his lodging. Not resting well this -night, he was persuaded to remove to Arlington House, for better -accommodation. His disorder turned to a malignant fever, which -increasing, after all that six of the most able physicians could do, he -became delirious, with intervals of sense, during which Dr. Lloyd (after -Bishop of St. Asaph) administered the Holy Sacrament, of which I also -participated. He died the Friday following, the 30th of July, to the -universal grief of all that knew or heard of his great worth, nor had -any a greater loss than myself. Oft would he say I was the oldest -acquaintance he had in England (when his father was in Ireland), it -being now of about thirty years, contracted abroad, when he rode in the -Academy in Paris, and when we were seldom asunder. - -His Majesty never lost a worthier subject, nor father a better or more -dutiful son; a loving, generous, good-natured, and perfectly obliging -friend; one who had done innumerable kindnesses to several before they -knew it; nor did he ever advance any that were not worthy; no one more -brave, more modest; none more humble, sober, and every way virtuous. -Unhappy England in this illustrious person's loss! Universal was the -mourning for him, and the eulogies on him; I stayed night and day by his -bedside to his last gasp, to close his dear eyes! O sad father, mother, -wife, and children! What shall I add? He deserved all that a sincere -friend, a brave soldier, a virtuous courtier, a loyal subject, an honest -man, a bountiful master, and good Christian, could deserve of his prince -and country. One thing more let me note, that he often expressed to me -the abhorrence he had of that base and unworthy action which he was put -upon, of engaging the Smyrna fleet in time of peace, in which though he -behaved himself like a great captain, yet he told me it was the only -blot in his life, and troubled him exceedingly. Though he was commanded, -and never examined further when he was so, yet he always spoke of it -with regret and detestation. The Countess was at the seat of her -daughter, the Countess of Derby, about 200 miles off. - -30th August, 1680. I went to visit a French gentleman, one Monsieur -Chardin, who having been thrice in the East Indies, Persia, and other -remote countries, came hither in our return ships from those parts, and -it being reported that he was a very curious and knowing man, I was -desired by the Royal Society to salute him in their name, and to invite -him to honor them with his company. Sir Joseph Hoskins and Sir -Christopher Wren accompanied me. We found him at his lodgings in his -eastern habit, a very handsome person, extremely affable, a modest, -well-bred man, not inclined to talk wonders. He spoke Latin, and -understood Greek, Arabic, and Persian, from eleven years' travels in -those parts, whither he went in search of jewels, and was become very -rich. He seemed about 36 years of age. After the usual civilities, we -asked some account of the extraordinary things he must have seen in -traveling over land to those places where few, if any, northern -Europeans used to go, as the Black and Caspian Sea, Mingrelia, Bagdad, -Nineveh, Persepolis, etc. He told us that the things most worthy of our -sight would be, the draughts he had caused to be made of some noble -ruins, etc.; for that, besides his own little talent that way, he had -carried two good painters with him, to draw landscapes, measure and -design the remains of the palace which Alexander burned in his frolic at -Persepolis, with divers temples, columns, relievos, and statues, yet -extant, which he affirmed to be sculpture far exceeding anything he had -observed either at Rome, in Greece, or in any other part of the world -where magnificence was in estimation. He said there was an inscription -in letters not intelligible, though entire. He was sorry he could not -gratify the curiosity of the Society at present, his things not being -yet out of the ship; but would wait on them with them on his return from -Paris, whither he was going the next day, but with intention to return -suddenly, and stay longer here, the persecution in France not suffering -Protestants, and he was one, to be quiet. - -He told us that Nineveh was a vast city, now all buried in her ruins, -the inhabitants building on the subterranean vaults, which were, as -appeared, the first stories of the old city, that there were frequently -found huge vases of fine earth, columns, and other antiquities; that the -straw which the Egyptians required of the Israelites, was not to burn, -or cover the rows of bricks as we use, but being chopped small to mingle -with the clay, which being dried in the sun (for they bake not in the -furnace) would else cleave asunder; that in Persia are yet a race of -Ignicolĉ, who worship the sun and the fire as Gods; that the women of -Georgia and Mingrelia were universally, and without any compare, the -most beautiful creatures for shape, features, and figure, in the world, -and therefore the Grand Seignor and Bashaws had had from thence most of -their wives and concubines; that there had within these hundred years -been Amazons among them, that is to say, a sort or race of valiant -women, given to war; that Persia was extremely fertile; he spoke also of -Japan and China, and of the many great errors of our late geographers, -as we suggested matter for discourse. We then took our leave, failing of -seeing his papers; but it was told us by others that indeed he dared not -open, or show them, till he had first showed them to the French King; -but of this he himself said nothing. - -[Sidenote: LONDON] - -2d September, 1680. I had an opportunity, his Majesty being still at -Windsor, of seeing his private library at Whitehall, at my full ease. I -went with expectation of finding some curiosities, but, though there -were about 1,000 volumes, there were few of importance which I had not -perused before. They consisted chiefly of such books as had from time to -time been dedicated, or presented to him; a few histories, some Travels -and French books, abundance of maps and sea charts, entertainments and -pomps, buildings and pieces relating to the navy, some mathematical -instruments; but what was most rare, were three or four Romish -breviaries, with a great deal of miniature and monkish painting and -gilding, one of which is most exquisitely done, both as to the figures, -grotesques, and compartments, to the utmost of that curious art. There -is another in which I find written by the hand of King Henry VII., his -giving it to his dear daughter, Margaret, afterward Queen of Scots, in -which he desires her to pray for his soul, subscribing his name at -length. There is also the process of the philosophers' great elixir, -represented in divers pieces of excellent miniature, but the discourse -is in high Dutch, a MS. There is another MS. in quarto, of above 300 -years old, in French, being an institution of physic, and in the -botanical part the plants are curiously painted in miniature; also a -folio MS. of good thickness, being the several exercises, as Themes, -Orations, Translations, etc., of King Edward VI., all written and -subscribed by his own hand, and with his name very legible, and divers -of the Greek interleaved and corrected after the manner of schoolboys' -exercises, and that exceedingly well and proper; with some epistles to -his preceptor, which show that young prince to have been extraordinarily -advanced in learning, and as Cardan, who had been in England affirmed, -stupendously knowing for his age. There is likewise his journal, no less -testifying his early ripeness and care about the affairs of state. - -There are besides many pompous volumes, some embossed with gold, and -intaglios on agates, medals, etc. I spent three or four entire days, -locked up, and alone, among these books and curiosities. In the rest of -the private lodgings contiguous to this, are divers of the best pictures -of the great masters, Raphael, Titian, etc., and in my esteem, above -all, the "_Noli me tangere_" of our blessed Savior to Mary Magdalen -after his Resurrection, of Hans Holbein; than which I never saw so much -reverence and kind of heavenly astonishment expressed in a picture. - -There are also divers curious clocks, watches, and pendules of exquisite -work, and other curiosities. An ancient woman who made these lodgings -clean, and had all the keys, let me in at pleasure for a small reward, -by means of a friend. - -6th September, 1680. I dined with Sir Stephen Fox, now one of the Lords -Commissioners of the Treasury. This gentleman came first a poor boy from -the choir of Salisbury, then he was taken notice of by Bishop Duppa, and -afterward waited on my Lord Percy (brother to Algernon, Earl of -Northumberland), who procured for him an inferior place among the clerks -of the kitchen and Greencloth side, where he was found so humble, -diligent, industrious, and prudent in his behavior, that his Majesty -being in exile, and Mr. Fox waiting, both the King and Lords about him -frequently employed him about their affairs, and trusted him both with -receiving and paying the little money they had. Returning with his -Majesty to England, after great want and great sufferings, his Majesty -found him so honest and industrious, and withal so capable and ready, -that, being advanced from clerk of the kitchen to that of the -Greencloth, he procured to be paymaster of the whole army, and by his -dexterity and punctual dealing he obtained such credit among the -bankers, that he was in a short time able to borrow vast sums of them -upon any exigence. The continual turning thus of money, and the -soldiers' moderate allowance to him for keeping touch with them, did so -enrich him, that he is believed to be worth at least £200,000, honestly -got and unenvied; which is next to a miracle. With all this he continues -as humble and ready to do a courtesy as ever he was. - -He is generous, and lives very honorably, of a sweet nature, -well-spoken, well-bred, and is so highly in his Majesty's esteem, and so -useful, that being long since made a knight, he is also advanced to be -one of the Lords Commissioners of the Treasury, and has the reversion of -the Cofferer's place after Harry Brouncker. He has married his eldest -daughter to my Lord Cornwallis, and gave her £12,000, and restored that -entangled family besides. He matched his son to Mrs. Trollop, who brings -with her (besides a great sum) near, if not altogether, £2,000 per -annum. Sir Stephen's lady (an excellent woman) is sister to Mr. Whittle, -one of the King's chirurgeons. In a word, never was man more fortunate -than Sir Stephen; he is a handsome person, virtuous, and very religious. - -23d September, 1680. Came to my house some German strangers and Signor -Pietro, a famous musician, who had been long in Sweden in Queen -Christina's Court; he sung admirably to a guitar, and had a perfect good -tenor and bass, and had set to Italian composure many of Abraham -Cowley's pieces which showed extremely well. He told me that in Sweden -the heat in some part of summer was as excessive as the cold in winter; -so cold, he affirmed, that the streets of all the towns are desolate, no -creatures stirring in them for many months, all the inhabitants retiring -to their stoves. He spoke high things of that romantic Queen's learning -and skill in languages, the majesty of her behavior, her exceeding wit, -and that the histories she had read of other countries, especially of -Italy and Rome, had made her despise her own. That the real occasion of -her resigning her crown was the nobleman's importuning her to marry, and -the promise which the Pope had made her of procuring her to be Queen of -Naples, which also caused her to change her religion; but she was -cheated by his crafty Holiness,[43] working on her ambition; that the -reason of her killing her secretary at Fontainebleau, was, his revealing -that intrigue with the Pope. But, after all this, I rather believe it -was her mad prodigality and extreme vanity, which had consumed those -vast treasures the great Adolphus, her father, had brought out of -Germany during his [campaigns] there and wonderful successes; and that, -if she had not voluntarily resigned, as foreseeing the event, the -Estates of her kingdom would have compelled her to do so. - - [Footnote 43: Pope Alexander VII., of the family of Chighi, at - Sienna.] - -[Sidenote: LONDON] - -30th October, 1680. I went to London to be private, my birthday being -the next day, and I now arrived at my sixtieth year; on which I began a -more solemn survey of my whole life, in order to the making and -confirming my peace with God, by an accurate scrutiny of all my actions -past, as far as I was able to call them to mind. How difficult and -uncertain, yet how necessary a work! The Lord be merciful to me, and -accept me! Who can tell how oft he offendeth? Teach me, therefore, so to -number my days, that I may apply my heart unto wisdom, and make my -calling and election sure. Amen, Lord Jesus! - -31st October, 1680. I spent this whole day in exercises. A stranger -preached at Whitehall[44] on Luke xvi. 30, 31. I then went to St. -Martin's, where the Bishop of St. Asaph preached on 1 Peter iii. 15; the -Holy Communion followed, at which I participated, humbly imploring God's -assistance in the great work I was entering into. In the afternoon, I -heard Dr. Sprat, at St. Margaret's, on Acts xvii. 11. - - [Footnote 44: Probably to the King's household, very early in the - morning, as the custom was.] - -I began and spent the whole week in examining my life, begging pardon -for my faults, assistance and blessing for the future, that I might, in -some sort, be prepared for the time that now drew near, and not have the -great work to begin, when one can work no longer. The Lord Jesus help -and assist me! I therefore stirred little abroad till the 5th of -November, when I heard Dr. Tenison, the now vicar of St. Martin's; Dr. -Lloyd, the former incumbent, being made Bishop of St. Asaph. - -7th November, 1680. I participated of the blessed Communion, finishing -and confirming my resolutions of giving myself up more entirely to God, -to whom I had now most solemnly devoted the rest of the poor remainder -of life in this world; the Lord enabling me, who am an unprofitable -servant, a miserable sinner, yet depending on his infinite goodness and -mercy accepting my endeavors. - -15th November, 1680. Came to dine with us Sir Richard Anderson, his -lady, son and wife, sister to my daughter-in-law. - -[Sidenote: LONDON] - -30th November, 1680. The anniversary election at the Royal Society -brought me to London, where was chosen President that excellent person -and great philosopher, Mr. Robert Boyle, who indeed ought to have been -the very first; but neither his infirmity nor his modesty could now any -longer excuse him. I desired I might for this year be left out of the -Council, by reason my dwelling was in the country. The Society according -to custom dined together. - -The signal day begun the trial (at which I was present) of my Lord -Viscount Stafford, (for conspiring the death of the King), second son to -my Lord Thomas Howard, Earl of Arundel and Surrey, Earl Marshal of -England, and grandfather to the present Duke of Norfolk, whom I so well -knew, and from which excellent person I received so many favors. It was -likewise his birthday, The trial was in Westminster Hall, before the -King, Lords, and Commons, just in the same manner as, forty years past, -the great and wise Earl of Strafford (there being but one letter -differing their names) received his trial for pretended ill government -in Ireland, in the very same place, this Lord Stafford's father being -then High Steward. The place of sitting was now exalted some -considerable height from the paved floor of the hall, with a stage of -boards. The throne, woolsacks for the Judges, long forms for the Peers, -chair for the Lord Steward, exactly ranged, as in the House of Lords. -The sides on both hands scaffolded to the very roof for the members of -the House of Commons. At the upper end, and on the right side of the -King's state, was a box for his Majesty, and on the left others for the -great ladies, and over head a gallery for ambassadors and public -ministers. At the lower end, or entrance, was a bar, and place for the -prisoner, the Lieutenant of the Tower of London, the ax-bearer and -guards, my Lord Stafford's two daughters, the Marchioness of Winchester -being one; there was likewise a box for my Lord to retire into. At the -right hand, in another box, somewhat higher, stood the witnesses; at the -left, the managers, in the name of the Commons of England, namely, -Serjeant Maynard (the great lawyer, the same who prosecuted the cause -against the Earl of Strafford forty years before, being now near eighty -years of age), Sir William Jones, late Attorney-General, Sir Francis -Winnington, a famous pleader, and Mr. Treby, now Recorder of London, not -appearing in their gowns as lawyers, but in their cloaks and swords, as -representing the Commons of England: to these were joined Mr. Hampden, -Dr. Sacheverell, Mr. Poule, Colonel Titus, Sir Thomas Lee, all gentlemen -of quality, and noted parliamentary men. The first two days, in which -were read the commission and impeachment, were but a tedious entrance -into matter of fact, at which I was but little present. But, on -Thursday, I was commodiously seated among the Commons, when the -witnesses were sworn and examined. The principal witnesses were Mr. -Oates (who called himself Dr.), Mr. Dugdale, and Turberville. Oates -swore that he delivered a commission to Viscount Stafford from the Pope, -to be Paymaster-General to an army intended to be raised; Dugdale, that -being at Lord Aston's, the prisoner dealt with him plainly to murder his -Majesty; and Turberville, that at Paris he also proposed the same to -him. - -3d December, 1680. The depositions of my Lord's witnesses were taken, to -invalidate the King's witnesses; they were very slight persons, but, -being fifteen or sixteen, they took up all that day, and in truth they -rather did my Lord more injury than service. - -4th December, 1680. Came other witnesses of the Commons to corroborate -the King's, some being Peers, some Commons, with others of good quality, -who took off all the former day's objections, and set the King's -witnesses _recti in curiâ_. - -6th December, 1680. Sir William Jones summed up the evidence; to him -succeeded all the rest of the managers, and then Mr. Henry Poule made a -vehement oration. After this my Lord, as on all occasions, and often -during the trial, spoke in his own defense, denying the charge -altogether, and that he had never seen Oates, or Turberville, at the -time and manner affirmed: in truth, their testimony did little weigh -with me; Dugdale's only seemed to press hardest, to which my Lord spoke -a great while, but confusedly, without any method. - -One thing my Lord said as to Oates, which I confess did exceedingly -affect me: That a person who during his depositions should so vauntingly -brag that though he went over to the Church of Rome, yet he was never a -Papist, nor of their religion, all the time that he seemed to apostatize -from the Protestant, but only as a spy; though he confessed he took -their sacrament; worshiped images, went through all their oaths and -discipline of their proselytes, swearing secrecy and to be faithful, but -with intent to come over again and betray them; that such a hypocrite, -that had so deeply prevaricated as even to turn idolater (for so we of -the Church of England termed it), attesting God so solemnly that he was -entirely theirs and devoted to their interest, and consequently (as he -pretended) trusted; I say, that the witness of such a profligate wretch -should be admitted against the life of a peer,--this my Lord looked upon -as a monstrous thing, and such as must needs redound to the dishonor of -our religion and nation. And verily I am of his Lordship's opinion: such -a man's testimony should not be taken against the life of a dog. But the -merit of something material which he discovered against Coleman, put him -in such esteem with the Parliament, that now, I fancy, he stuck at -nothing, and thought everybody was to take what he said for Gospel. The -consideration of this, and some other circumstances, began to stagger -me; particularly how it was possible that one who went among the Papists -on such a design, and pretended to be intrusted with so many letters and -commissions from the Pope and the party,--nay, and delivered them to so -many great persons,--should not reserve one of them to show, nor so much -as one copy of any commission, which he who had such dexterity in -opening letters might certainly have done, to the undeniable conviction -of those whom he accused; but, as I said, he gained credit on Coleman. -But, as to others whom he so madly flew upon, I am little inclined to -believe his testimony, he being so slight a person, so passionate, ill -bred, and of such impudent behavior; nor is it likely that such piercing -politicians as the Jesuits should trust him with so high and so -dangerous secrets. - -7th December, 1680. On Tuesday, I was again at the trial, when judgment -was demanded; and, after my Lord had spoken what he could in denying the -fact, the managers answering the objections, the Peers adjourned to -their House, and within two hours returned again. There was, in the -meantime, this question put to the judges, "whether there being but one -witness to any single crime, or act, it could amount to convict a man of -treason." They gave an unanimous opinion that in case of treason they -all were overt acts for though no man should be condemned by one witness -for any one act, yet for several acts to the same intent, it was valid; -which was my Lord's case. This being past, and the Peers in their seats -again, the Lord Chancellor Finch (this day the Lord High-Steward) -removing to the woolsack next his Majesty's state, after summoning the -Lieutenant of the Tower to bring forth his prisoner, and proclamation -made for silence, demanded of every Peer (who were in all eighty-six) -whether William, Lord Viscount Stafford, were guilty of the treason laid -to his charge, or not guilty. - -Then the Peer spoken to, standing up, and laying his right hand upon his -breast, said guilty, or not guilty, upon my honor, and then sat down, -the Lord Steward noting their suffrages as they answered upon a paper: -when all had done, the number of not guilty being but 31, the guilty 55; -and then, after proclamation for silence again, the Lord Steward -directing his speech to the prisoner, against whom the ax was turned -edgeways and not before, in aggravation of his crime, he being ennobled -by the King's father, and since received many favors from his present -Majesty: after enlarging on his offense, deploring first his own -unhappiness that he who had never condemned any man before should now be -necessitated to begin with him, he then pronounced sentence of death by -hanging, drawing, and quartering, according to form, with great -solemnity and dreadful gravity; and, after a short pause, told the -prisoner that he believed the Lords would intercede for the omission of -some circumstances of his sentence, beheading only excepted; and then -breaking his white staff, the Court was dissolved. My Lord Stafford -during all this latter part spoke but little, and only gave their -Lordships thanks after the sentence was pronounced; and indeed behaved -himself modestly, and as became him. - -It was observed that all his own relations of his name and family -condemned him, except his nephew, the Earl of Arundel, son to the Duke -of Norfolk. And it must be acknowledged that the whole trial was carried -on with exceeding gravity: so stately and august an appearance I had -never seen before; for, besides the innumerable spectators of gentlemen -and foreign ministers, who saw and heard all the proceedings, the -prisoner had the consciences of all the Commons of England for his -accusers, and all the Peers to be his judges and jury. He had likewise -the assistance of what counsel he would, to direct him in his plea, who -stood by him. And yet I can hardly think that a person of his age and -experience should engage men whom he never saw before (and one of them -that came to visit him as a stranger at Paris) POINT BLANK to murder the -King: God only, who searches hearts, can discover the truth. Lord -Stafford was not a man beloved especially of his own family. - -12th December, 1680. This evening, looking out of my chamber window -toward the west, I saw a meteor of an obscure bright color, very much in -shape like the blade of a sword, the rest of the sky very serene and -clear. What this may portend, God only knows; but such another -phenomenon I remember to have seen in 1640, about the trial of the great -Earl of Strafford, preceding our bloody Rebellion. I pray God avert his -judgments! We have had of late several comets, which though I believe -appear from natural causes, and of themselves operate not, yet I cannot -despise them. They may be warnings from God, as they commonly are -forerunners of his animadversions. After many days and nights of snow, -cloudy and dark weather, the comet was very much wasted. - -17th December, 1680. My daughter-in-law was brought to bed of a son, -christened Richard. - -22d December, 1680. A solemn public Fast that God would prevent all -Popish plots, avert his judgments, and give a blessing to the -proceedings of Parliament now assembled, and which struck at the -succession of the Duke of York. - -29th December, 1680. The Viscount Stafford was beheaded on Towerhill. - -10th February, 1680-81. I was at the wedding of my nephew, John Evelyn -of Wotton, married by the Bishop of Rochester at Westminster, in Henry -VII.'s chapel, to the daughter and heir of Mr. Eversfield, of Sussex, -her portion £8,000. The solemnity was kept with a few friends only at -Lady Beckford's, the lady's mother. - -8th March, 1681. Visited and dined at the Earl of Essex's, with whom I -spent most of the afternoon alone. Thence to my (yet living) godmother -and kinswoman, Mrs. Keightley, sister to Sir Thomas Evelyn and niece to -my father, being now eighty-six years of age, sprightly, and in perfect -health, her eyes serving her as well as ever, and of a comely -countenance, that one would not suppose her above fifty. - -27th March, 1681. The Parliament now convened at Oxford. Great -expectation of his Royal Highness's case as to the succession, against -which the House was set. - -An extraordinary sharp, cold spring, not yet a leaf on the trees, frost -and snow lying: while the whole nation was in the greatest ferment. - -11th April, 1681. I took my leave of Dr. Lloyd (Bishop of St. Asaph) at -his house in Leicester Fields, now going to reside in his diocese. - -12th April, 1681. I dined at Mr. Brisbane's, Secretary to the Admiralty, -a learned and industrious person, whither came Dr. Burnet, to thank me -for some papers I had contributed toward his excellent "History of the -Reformation." - -[Sidenote: LONDON] - -26th April, 1681. I dined at Don Pietro Ronquillo's, the Spanish -Ambassador, at Wild House, who used me with extraordinary civility. The -dinner was plentiful, half after the Spanish, half after the English -way. After dinner, he led me into his bedchamber, where we fell into a -long discourse concerning religion. Though he was a learned man in -politics, and an advocate, he was very ignorant in religion, and unable -to defend any point of controversy; he was, however, far from being -fierce. At parting, he earnestly wished me to apply humbly to the -blessed virgin to direct me, assuring me that he had known divers who -had been averse from the Roman Catholic religion, wonderfully -enlightened and convinced by her intercession. He importuned me to come -and visit him often. - -29th April, 1681. But one shower of rain all this month. - -5th May, 1681. Came to dine with me Sir William Fermor, of -Northamptonshire, and Sir Christopher Wren, his Majesty's architect and -surveyor, now building the Cathedral of St. Paul, and the column in -memory of the city's conflagration, and was in hand with the building of -fifty parish churches. A wonderful genius had this incomparable person. - -16th May, 1681. Came my Lady Sunderland, to desire that I would propose -a match to Sir Stephen Fox for her son, Lord Spencer, to marry Mrs. -Jane, Sir Stephen's daughter. I excused myself all I was able; for the -truth is, I was afraid he would prove an extravagant man: for, though a -youth of extraordinary parts, and had an excellent education to render -him a worthy man, yet his early inclinations to extravagance made me -apprehensive, that I should not serve Sir Stephen by proposing it, like -a friend; this being now his only daughter, well-bred, and likely to -receive a large share of her father's opulence. Lord Sunderland was much -sunk in his estate by gaming and other prodigalities, and was now no -longer Secretary of State, having fallen into displeasure of the King -for siding with the Commons about the succession; but which, I am -assured, he did not do out of his own inclination, or for the -preservation of the Protestant religion, but by mistaking the ability of -the party to carry it. However, so earnest and importunate was the -Countess, that I did mention it to Sir Stephen, who said it was too -great an honor, that his daughter was very young, as well as my Lord, -and he was resolved never to marry her without the parties' mutual -liking; with other objections which I neither would or could contradict. -He desired me to express to the Countess the great sense he had of the -honor done him, that his daughter and her son were too young, that he -would do nothing without her liking, which he did not think her capable -of expressing judiciously, till she was sixteen or seventeen years of -age, of which she now wanted four years, and that I would put it off as -civilly as I could. - -20th May, 1681. Our new curate preached, a pretty hopeful young man, yet -somewhat raw, newly come from college, full of Latin sentences, which in -time will wear off. He read prayers very well. - -25th May, 1681. There came to visit me Sir William Walter and Sir John -Elowes: and the next day, the Earl of Kildare, a young gentleman related -to my wife, and other company. There had scarce fallen any rain since -Christmas. - -2d June, 1681. I went to Hampton Court, when the Surrey gentlemen -presented their addresses to his Majesty, whose hand I kissed, -introduced by the Duke of Albemarle. Being at the Privy Council, I took -another occasion of discoursing with Sir Stephen Fox about his daughter -and to revive that business, and at least brought it to this: That in -case the young people liked one the other, after four years, he first -desiring to see a particular of my Lord's present estate if I could -transmit it to him privately, he would make her portion £14,000, though -to all appearance he might likely make it £50,000 as easily, his eldest -son having no child and growing very corpulent. - -12th June, 1681. It still continued so great a drought as had never been -known in England, and it was said to be universal. - -14th August, 1681. No sermon this afternoon, which I think did not -happen twice in this parish these thirty years; so gracious has God been -to it, and indeed to the whole nation: God grant that we abuse not this -great privilege either by our wantonness, schism, or unfaithfulness, -under such means as he has not favored any other nation under Heaven -besides! - -[Sidenote: WOTTON] - -23d August, 1681. I went to Wotton, and, on the following day, was -invited to Mr. Denzil Onslow's at his seat at Purford, where was much -company, and such an extraordinary feast, as I had hardly seen at any -country gentleman's table. What made it more remarkable was, that there -was not anything save what his estate about it did afford; as venison, -rabbits, hares, pheasants, partridges, pigeons, quails, poultry, all -sorts of fowl in season from his own decoy near his house, and all sorts -of fresh fish. After dinner we went to see sport at the decoy, where I -never saw so many herons. - -The seat stands on a flat, the ground pasture, rarely watered, and -exceedingly improved since Mr. Onslow bought it of Sir Robert Parkhurst, -who spent a fair estate. The house is timber, but commodious, and with -one ample dining-room, the hall adorned with paintings of fowl and -huntings, etc., the work of Mr. Barlow, who is excellent in this kind -from the life. - -30th August, 1681. From Wotton I went to see Mr. Hussey (at Sutton in -Shere), who has a very pretty seat well watered, near my brother's. He -is the neatest husband for curious ordering his domestic and field -accommodations, and what pertains to husbandry, that I have ever seen, -as to his granaries, tacklings, tools, and utensils, plows, carts, -stables, wood piles, wood houses, even to hen roosts and hog troughs. -Methought, I saw old Cato, or Varro, in him; all substantial, all in -exact order. The sole inconvenience he lies under, is the great quantity -of sand which the stream brings along with it, and fills his canals and -receptacles for fish too soon. The rest of my time of stay at Wotton was -spent in walking about the grounds and goodly woods, where I have in my -youth so often entertained my solitude; and so, on the 2d of September, -I once more returned to my home. - -6th September, 1681. Died my pretty grandchild, and was interred on the -8th [at Deptford]. - -14th September, 1681. Dined with Sir Stephen Fox, who proposed to me the -purchasing of Chelsea College, which his Majesty had sometime since -given to our Society, and would now purchase it again to build a -hospital; or infirmary for soldiers there, in which he desired my -assistance as one of the Council of the Royal Society. - -15th September, 1681. I had another opportunity of visiting his -Majesty's private library at Whitehall. - -To Sir Samuel Morland's, to see his house and mechanics. - -17th September, 1681. I went with Monsieur Faubert about taking the -Countess of Bristol's house for an academy, he being lately come from -Paris for his religion, and resolving to settle here. - -23d September, 1681. I went to see Sir Thomas Bond's fine house and -garden at Peckham. - -2d October, 1681. I went to Camberwell, where that good man Dr. Parr -(late chaplain to Archbishop Usher) preached on Acts xvi. 30. - -11th October, 1681. To Fulham, to visit the Bishop of London, in whose -garden I first saw the _Sedum arborescens_ in flower, which was -exceedingly beautiful. - -5th November, 1681. Dr. Hooper preached on Mark xii. 16, 17, before the -King, of the usurpation of the Church of Rome. This is one of the first -rank of pulpit men in the nation. - -15th November, 1681. I dined with the Earl of Essex who, after dinner -in his study, where we were alone, related to me how much he had been -scandalized and injured in the report of his being privy to the marriage -of his Lady's niece, the rich young widow of the late Lord Ogle, sole -daughter of the Earl of Northumberland; showing me a letter of Mr. -Thynn's, excusing himself for not communicating his marriage to his -Lordship. He acquainted me also with the whole story of that unfortunate -lady being betrayed by her grandmother, the Countess of Northumberland, -and Colonel Bret, for money; and that though, upon the importunity of -the Duke of Monmouth, he had delivered to the grandmother a particular -of the jointure which Mr. Thynn pretended he would settle on the lady, -yet he totally discouraged the proceeding as by no means a competent -match for one that both by birth and fortune might have pretended to the -greatest prince in Christendom; that he also proposed the Earl of -Kingston, or the Lord Cranburn, but was by no means for Mr. Thynn. - -[Sidenote: LONDON] - -19th November, 1681. I dined with my worthy friend, Mr. Erskine, Master -of the Charter House, uncle to the Duchess of Monmouth; a wise and -learned gentleman, fitter to have been a privy councillor and minister -of state than to have been laid aside. - -24th November, 1681. I was at the audience of the Russian Ambassador -before both their Majesties in the Banqueting House. The presents were -carried before him, held up by his followers in two ranks before the -King's State, and consisted of tapestry (one suite of which was -doubtlessly brought from France as being of that fabric, the Ambassador -having passed through that kingdom as he came out of Spain), a large -Persian carpet, furs of sable and ermine, etc.; but nothing was so -splendid and exotic as the Ambassador who came soon after the King's -restoration. This present Ambassador was exceedingly offended that his -coach was not permitted to come into the Court, till, being told that no -King's Ambassador did, he was pacified, yet requiring an attestation of -it under the hand of Sir Charles Cotterell, the Master of the -Ceremonies; being, it seems, afraid he should offend his Master, if he -omitted the least punctilio. It was reported he condemned his son to -lose his head for shaving off his beard, and putting himself in the -French mode at Paris, and that he would have executed it, had not the -French King interceded--but qy. of this. - -30th November, 1681. Sir Christopher Wren chosen President [of the Royal -Society], Mr. Austine, Secretary, with Dr. Plot, the ingenious author of -the "History of Oxfordshire." There was a most illustrious appearance. - -11th January, 1681-82. I saw the audience of the Morocco Ambassador, -his retinue not numerous. He was received in the Banqueting House, both -their Majesties being present. He came up to the throne without making -any sort of reverence, not bowing his head, or body. He spoke by a -renegado Englishman, for whose safe return there was a promise. They -were all clad in the Moorish habit, cassocks of colored cloth, or silk, -with buttons and loops, over this an _alhaga_, or white woolen mantle, -so large as to wrap both head and body, a sash, or small turban, -naked-legged and armed, but with leather socks like the Turks, rich -scymetar, and large calico sleeved shirts. The Ambassador had a string -of pearls oddly woven in his turban. I fancy the old Roman habit was -little different as to the mantle and naked limbs. He was a handsome -person, well featured, of a wise look, subtle, and extremely civil. -Their presents were lions and ostriches; their errand about a peace at -Tangier. But the concourse and tumult of the people was intolerable, so -as the officers could keep no order, which these strangers were -astonished at first, there being nothing so regular, exact, and -performed with such silence, as is on all these public occasions of -their country, and indeed over all the Turkish dominions. - -14th January, 1682. Dined at the Bishop of Rochester's, at the Abbey, it -being his marriage day, after twenty-four years. He related to me how he -had been treated by Sir William Temple, foreseeing that he might be a -delegate in the concern of my Lady Ogle now likely come in controversy -upon her marriage with Mr. Thynn; also how earnestly the late Earl of -Danby, Lord Treasurer, sought his friendship, and what plain and sincere -advice he gave him from time to time about his miscarriages and -partialities; particularly his outing Sir John Duncomb from being -Chancellor of the Exchequer, and Sir Stephen Fox, above all, from being -Paymaster of the Army. The Treasurer's excuse and reason was, that Fox's -credit was so over great with the bankers and monied men, that he could -procure none but by his means, "for that reason," replied the Bishop, "I -would have made him my friend, Sir Stephen being a person both honest -and of credit." He told him likewise of his stateliness and difficulty -of access, and several other miscarriages, and which indeed made him -hated. - -24th January, 1682. To the Royal Society, where at the Council we -passed a new law for the more accurate consideration of candidates, as -whether they would really be useful; also concerning the honorary -members, that none should be admitted but by diploma. - -[Sidenote: LONDON] - -This evening I was at the entertainment of the Morocco Ambassador at the -Duchess of Portsmouth's glorious apartments at Whitehall, where was a -great banquet of sweetmeats and music; but at which both the Ambassador -and his retinue behaved themselves with extraordinary moderation and -modesty, though placed about a long table, a lady between two Moors, and -among these were the King's natural children, namely, Lady Lichfield and -Sussex, the Duchess of Portsmouth, Nelly, etc., concubines, and cattle -of that sort, as splendid as jewels and excess of bravery could make -them; the Moors neither admiring nor seeming to regard anything, -furniture or the like, with any earnestness, and but decently tasting of -the banquet. They drank a little milk and water, but not a drop of wine; -they also drank of a sorbet and jacolatt;[45] did not look about, or -stare on the ladies, or express the least surprise, but with a courtly -negligence in pace, countenance, and whole behavior, answering only to -such questions as were asked with a great deal of wit and gallantry, and -so gravely took leave with this compliment, that God would bless the -Duchess of Portsmouth and the Prince, her son meaning the little Duke of -Richmond. The King came in at the latter end, just as the Ambassador was -going away. In this manner was this slave (for he was no more at home) -entertained by most of the nobility in town, and went often to Hyde Park -on horseback, where he and his retinue showed their extraordinary -activity in horsemanship, and flinging and catching their lances at full -speed; they rode very short, and could stand upright at full speed, -managing their spears with incredible agility. He went sometimes to the -theaters, where, upon any foolish or fantastical action, he could not -forbear laughing, but he endeavored to hide it with extraordinary -modesty and gravity. In a word, the Russian Ambassador, still at Court -behaved himself like a clown compared to this civil heathen. - - [Footnote 45: Sherbet and chocolate.] - -27th January, 1682. This evening, Sir Stephen Fox acquainted me again -with his Majesty's resolution of proceeding in the erection of a Royal -Hospital for emerited soldiers on that spot of ground which the Royal -Society had sold to his Majesty for £1,300, and that he would settle -£5,000 per annum on it, and build to the value of £20,000 for the relief -and reception of four companies, namely, 400 men, to be as in a college, -or monastery. I was therefore desired by Sir Stephen (who had not only -the whole managing of this, but was, as I perceived, himself to be a -grand benefactor, as well it became him who had gotten so vast an estate -by the soldiers) to assist him, and consult what method to cast it in, -as to the government. So, in his study we arranged the governor, -chaplain, steward, housekeeper, chirurgeon, cook, butler, gardener, -porter, and other officers, with their several salaries and -entertainments. I would needs have a library, and mentioned several -books, since some soldiers might possibly be studious, when they were at -leisure to recollect. Thus we made the first calculations, and set down -our thoughts to be considered and digested better, to show his Majesty -and the Archbishop. He also engaged me to consider of what laws and -orders were fit for the government, which was to be in every respect as -strict as in any religious convent. - -After supper, came in the famous treble, Mr. Abel, newly returned from -Italy; I never heard a more excellent voice; one would have sworn it had -been a woman's, it was so high, and so well and skillfully managed, -being accompanied by Signor Francesco on the harpsichord. - -28th January, 1682. Mr. Pepys, late Secretary to the Admiralty, showed -me a large folio containing the whole mechanic part and art of building -royal ships and men-of-war, made by Sir Anthony Dean, being so accurate -a piece from the very keel to the lead block, rigging, guns, victualing, -manning, and even to every individual pin and nail, in a method so -astonishing and curious, with a draught, both geometrical and in -perspective, and several sections, that I do not think the world can -show the like. I esteem this book as an extraordinary jewel. - -7th February, 1682. My daughter, Mary, began to learn music of Signor -Bartholomeo, and dancing of Monsieur Isaac, reputed the best masters. - -Having had several violent fits of an ague, recourse was had to bathing -my legs in milk up to the knees, made as hot as I could endure it: and -sitting so in it in a deep churn, or vessel, covered with blankets, and -drinking _carduus_ posset, then going to bed and sweating, I not only -missed that expected fit, but had no more, only continued weak, that I -could not go to church till Ash Wednesday, which I had not missed, I -think, so long in twenty years, so gracious had God been to me. - -After this warning and admonition, I now began to look over and -methodize all my writings, accounts, letters, papers; inventoried the -goods, and other articles of the house, and put things into the best -order I could, and made my will; that now, growing in years, I might -have none of these secular things and concerns to distract me, when it -should please Almighty God to call me from this transitory life. With -this, I prepared some special meditations and devotions for the time of -sickness. The Lord Jesus grant them to be salutary for my poor soul in -that day, that I may obtain mercy and acceptance! - -1st March, 1682. My second grandchild was born, and christened the next -day by our vicar at Sayes Court, by the name of John.[46] I beseech God -to bless him! - - [Footnote 46: Who became his successor, and was created a baronet in - 1713.] - -2d March, 1682. ASH WEDNESDAY. I went to church: our vicar preached on -Proverbs, showing what care and vigilance was required for the keeping -of the heart upright. The Holy Communion followed, on which I gave God -thanks for his gracious dealing with me in my late sickness, and -affording me this blessed opportunity of praising him in the -congregation, and receiving the cup of salvation with new and serious -resolutions. - -Came to see and congratulate my recovery, Sir John Lowther, Mr. Herbert, -Mr. Pepys, Sir Anthony Deane, and Mr. Hill. - -10th March, 1682. This day was executed Colonel Vrats, and some of his -accomplices, for the execrable murder of Mr. Thynn, set on by the -principal Koningsmark. He went to execution like an undaunted hero, as -one that had done a friendly office for that base coward, Count -Koningsmark, who had hopes to marry his widow, the rich Lady Ogle, and -was acquitted by a corrupt jury, and so got away. Vrats told a friend of -mine who accompanied him to the gallows, and gave him some advice that -he did not value dying of a rush, and hoped and believed God would deal -with him like a gentleman. Never man went, so unconcerned for his sad -fate. - -24th March, 1682. I went to see the corpse of that obstinate creature, -Colonel Vrats, the King permitting that his body should be transported -to his own country, he being of a good family, and one of the first -embalmed by a particular art, invented by one William Russell, a -coffin-maker, which preserved the body without disboweling, or to -appearance using any bituminous matter. The flesh was florid, soft, and -full, as if the person were only sleeping. He had now been dead near -fifteen days, and lay exposed in a very rich coffin lined with lead, too -magnificent for so daring and horrid a murderer. - -[Sidenote: LONDON] - -At the meeting of the Royal Society were exhibited some pieces of amber -sent by the Duke of Brandenburg, in one of which was a spider, in -another a gnat, both very entire. There was a discourse of the tingeing -of glass, especially with red, and the difficulty of finding any red -color effectual to penetrate glass, among the glass-painters; that the -most diaporous, as blue, yellow, etc., did not enter into the substance -of what was ordinarily painted, more than very shallow, unless -incorporated in the metal itself, other reds and whites not at all -beyond the superfices. - -5th April, 1682. To the Royal Society, where at a Council was regulated -what collections should be published monthly, as formerly the -transactions, which had of late been discontinued, but were now much -called for by the curious abroad and at home. - -12th April, 1682. I went this afternoon with several of the Royal -Society to a supper which was all dressed, both fish and flesh, in -Monsieur Papin's digestors, by which the hardest bones of beef itself, -and mutton, were made as soft as cheese, without water or other liquor, -and with less than eight ounces of coals, producing an incredible -quantity of gravy; and for close of all, a jelly made of the bones of -beef, the best for clearness and good relish, and the most delicious -that I had ever seen, or tasted. We ate pike and other fish, bones and -all, without impediment; but nothing exceeded the pigeons, which tasted -just as if baked in a pie, all these being stewed in their own juice, -without any addition of water save what swam about the digestor, as _in -balneo_; the natural juice of all these provisions acting on the grosser -substances, reduced the hardest bones to tenderness; but it is best -descanted with more particulars for extracting tinctures, preserving and -stewing fruit, and saving fuel, in Dr. Papin's book, published and -dedicated to our Society of which he is a member. He is since gone to -Venice with the late Resident here (and also a member of our Society), -who carried this excellent mechanic, philosopher, and physician, to set -up a philosophical meeting in that city. This philosophical supper -caused much mirth among us, and exceedingly pleased all the company. I -sent a glass of the jelly to my wife, to the reproach of all that the -ladies ever made of their best hartshorn.[47] - - [Footnote 47: Denys Papin, a French physician and mathematician, who - possessed so remarkable a knowledge of mathematics, that he very - nearly brought the invention of the steam engine into working order. - He assisted Mr. Boyle in his pneumatic experiments, and was - afterward mathematical professor at Marburg. He died in 1710.] - -The season was unusually wet, with rain and thunder. - -25th May, 1682. I was desired by Sir Stephen Fox and Sir Christopher -Wren to accompany them to Lambeth, with the plot and design of the -college to be built at Chelsea, to have the Archbishop's approbation. It -was a quadrangle of 200 feet square, after the dimensions of the larger -quadrangle at Christ church, Oxford, for the accommodation of 440 -persons, with governor and officers. This was agreed on. - -The Duke and Duchess of York were just now come to London, after his -escape and shipwreck, as he went by sea for Scotland. - -28th May, 1682. At the Rolls' chapel preached the famous Dr. Burnet on -2 Peter, i. 10, describing excellently well what was meant by election; -viz, not the effect of any irreversible decree, but so called because -they embraced the Gospel readily, by which they became elect, or -precious to God. It would be very needless to make our calling and -election sure, were they irreversible and what the rigid Presbyterians -pretend. In the afternoon, to St. Lawrence's church, a new and cheerful -pile. - -29th May, 1682. I gave notice to the Bishop of Rochester of what -Maimburg had published about the motives of the late Duchess of York's -perversion, in his "History of Calvinism;" and did myself write to the -Bishop of Winchester about it, who being concerned in it, I urged him to -set forth his vindication. - -31st May, 1682. The Morocco Ambassador being admitted an honorary member -of the Royal Society, and subscribing his name and titles in Arabic, I -was deputed by the Council to go and compliment him. - -19th June, 1682. The Bantam, or East India Ambassadors (at this time we -had in London the Russian, Moroccan, and Indian Ambassadors), being -invited to dine at Lord George Berkeley's (now Earl), I went to the -entertainment to contemplate the exotic guests. They were both very -hard-favored, and much resembling in countenance some sort of monkeys. -We ate at two tables, the Ambassadors and interpreter by themselves. -Their garments were rich Indian silks, flowered with gold, viz, a close -waistcoat to their knees, drawers, naked legs, and on their heads caps -made like fruit baskets. They wore poisoned daggers at their bosoms, the -hafts carved with some ugly serpents' or devils' heads, exceedingly -keen, and of Damascus metal. They wore no sword. The second Ambassador -(sent it seems to succeed in case the first should die by the way in so -tedious a journey), having been at Mecca, wore a Turkish or Arab sash, a -little part of the linen hanging down behind his neck, with some other -difference of habit, and was half a negro, bare legged and naked feet, -and deemed a very holy man. They sat cross-legged like Turks, and -sometimes in the posture of apes and monkeys; their nails and teeth as -black as jet, and shining, which being the effect, as to their teeth, of -perpetually chewing betel to preserve them from the toothache, much -raging in their country, is esteemed beautiful. - -The first ambassador was of an olive hue, a flat face, narrow eyes, -squat nose, and Moorish lips, no hair appeared; they wore several rings -of silver, gold and copper on their fingers, which was a token of -knighthood, or nobility. They were of Java Major, whose princes have -been turned Mahometans not above fifty years since; the inhabitants are -still pagans and idolaters. They seemed of a dull and heavy -constitution, not wondering at any thing they saw; but exceedingly -astonished how our law gave us propriety in our estates, and so thinking -we were all kings, for they could not be made to comprehend how subjects -could possess anything but at the pleasure of their Prince, they being -all slaves; they were pleased with the notion, and admired our -happiness. They were very sober, and I believe subtle in their way. -Their meat was cooked, carried up, and they attended by several fat -slaves, who had no covering save drawers, which appeared very uncouth -and loathsome. They ate their pilaw, and other spoon-meat, without -spoons, taking up their pottage in the hollow of their fingers, and very -dexterously flung it into their mouths without spilling a drop. - -17th July, 1682. Came to dine with me, the Duke of Grafton and the young -Earl of Ossory, son to my most dear deceased friend. - -30th July, 1682. Went to visit our good neighbor, Mr. Bohun, whose whole -house is a cabinet of all elegancies, especially Indian; in the hall are -contrivances of Japan screens, instead of wainscot; and there is an -excellent pendule clock inclosed in the curious flowerwork of Mr. -Gibbons, in the middle of the vestibule. The landscapes of the screens -represent the manner of living, and country of the Chinese. But, above -all, his lady's cabinet is adorned on the fret, ceiling, and -chimney-piece, with Mr. Gibbons's best carving. There are also some of -Streeter's best paintings, and many rich curiosities of gold and silver -as growing in the mines. The gardens are exactly kept, and the whole -place very agreeable and well watered. The owners are good neighbors, -and Mr. Bohun has also built and endowed a hospital for eight poor -people, with a pretty chapel, and every necessary accommodation. - -1st August, 1682. To the Bishop of London at Fulham, to review the -additions which Mr. Marshall had made to his curious book of flowers in -miniature, and collection of insects. - -4th August, 1682. With Sir Stephen Fox, to survey the foundations of the -Royal Hospital begun at Chelsea. - -[Sidenote: LONDON] - -9th August, 1682. The Council of the Royal Society had it recommended -to them to be trustees and visitors, or supervisors, of the Academy -which Monsieur Faubert did hope to procure to be built by subscription -of worthy gentlemen and noblemen, for the education of youth, and to -lessen the vast expense the nation is at yearly by sending children into -France to be taught military exercises. We thought to give him all the -encouragement our recommendation could procure. - -15th August, 1682. Came to visit me Dr. Rogers, an acquaintance of mine -long since at Padua. He was then Consul of the English nation, and -student in that University, where he proceeded Doctor in Physic; -presenting me now with the Latin oration he lately made upon the famous -Dr. Harvey's anniversary in the College of Physicians, at London. - -20th August, 1682. This night I saw another comet, near Cancer, very -bright, but the stream not so long as the former. - -29th August, 1682. Supped at Lord Clarendon's, with Lord Hyde, his -brother, now the great favorite, who invited himself to dine at my house -the Tuesday following. - -30th October, 1682. Being my birthday, and I now entering my great -climacterical of 63, after serious recollections of the years past, -giving Almighty God thanks for all his merciful preservations and -forbearance, begging pardon for my sins and unworthiness, and his -blessing on me the year entering, I went with my Lady Fox to survey her -building, and give some directions for the garden at Chiswick; the -architect is Mr. May,--somewhat heavy and thick, and not so well -understood: the garden much too narrow, the place without water, near a -highway, and near another great house of my Lord Burlington, little land -about it, so that I wonder at the expense; but women will have their -will. - -25th November, 1682. I was invited to dine with Monsieur Lionberg, the -Swedish Resident, who made a magnificent entertainment, it being the -birthday of his King. There dined the Duke of Albemarle, Duke of -Hamilton, Earl of Bath, Earl of Aylesbury, Lord Arran, Lord Castlehaven, -the son of him who was executed fifty years before, and several great -persons. I was exceedingly afraid of drinking (it being a Dutch feast), -but the Duke of Albemarle being that night to wait on his Majesty, -excess was prohibited; and, to prevent all, I stole away and left the -company as soon as we rose from table. - -[Sidenote: LONDON] - -28th November, 1682. I went to the Council of the Royal Society, for the -auditing the last year's account, where I was surprised with a fainting -fit that for a time took away my sight; but God being merciful to me, I -recovered it after a short repose. - -30th November, 1682. I was exceedingly endangered and importuned to -stand the election,[48] having so many voices, but by favor of my -friends, and regard of my remote dwelling, and now frequent infirmities, -I desired their suffrages might be transferred to Sir John Hoskins, one -of the Masters of Chancery; a most learned virtuoso as well as lawyer, -who accordingly was elected. - - [Footnote 48: For President of the Royal Society.] - -7th December, 1682. Went to congratulate Lord Hyde (the great favorite) -newly made Earl of Rochester, and lately marrying his eldest daughter to -the Earl of Ossory. - -18th December, 1682. I sold my East India adventure of £250 principal -for £750 to the Royal Society, after I had been in that company -twenty-five years, being extraordinarily advantageous, by the blessing -of God. - -23d January, 1682-83. Sir Francis North, son to the Lord North, and Lord -Chief Justice, being made Lord Keeper on the death of the Earl of -Nottingham, the Lord Chancellor, I went to congratulate him. He is a -most knowing, learned, and ingenious man, and, besides being an -excellent person, of an ingenious and sweet disposition, very skillful -in music, painting, the new philosophy, and politer studies. - -29th January, 1683. Supped at Sir Joseph Williamson's, where was a -select company of our Society, Sir William Petty, Dr. Gale (that learned -schoolmaster of St. Paul's), Dr. Whistler, Mr. Hill, etc. The -conversation was philosophical and cheerful, on divers considerable -questions proposed; as of the hereditary succession of the Roman -Emperors; the Pica mentioned in the preface to our Common Prayer, which -signifies only the Greek _Kalendarium_. These were mixed with lighter -subjects. - -2d February, 1683. I made my court at St. James's, when I saw the sea -charts of Captain Collins, which that industrious man now brought to -show the Duke, having taken all the coasting from the mouth of the -Thames, as far as Wales, and exactly measuring every creek, island, -rock, soundings, harbors, sands, and tides, intending next spring to -proceed till he had finished the whole island, and that measured by -chains and other instruments: a most exact and useful undertaking. He -affirmed, that of all the maps put out since, there are none extant so -true as those of Joseph Norden, who gave us the first in Queen -Elizabeth's time; all since him are erroneous. - -12th February, 1683. This morning I received the news of the death of my -father-in-law, Sir Richard Browne, Knt. and Bart., who died at my house -at Sayes Court this day at ten in the morning, after he had labored -under the gout and dropsy for nearly six months, in the 78th year of his -age. The funeral was solemnized on the 19th at Deptford, with as much -decency as the dignity of the person, and our relation to him, required; -there being invited the Bishop of Rochester, several noblemen, knights, -and all the fraternity of the Trinity Company, of which he had been -Master, and others of the country. The vicar preached a short but proper -discourse on Psalm xxxix. 10, on the frailty of our mortal condition, -concluding with an ample and well-deserved eulogy on the defunct, -relating to his honorable birth and ancestors, education, learning in -Greek and Latin, modern languages, travels, public employments, signal -loyalty, character abroad, and particularly the honor of supporting the -Church of England in its public worship during its persecution by the -late rebels' usurpation and regicide, by the suffrages of divers -Bishops, Doctors of the Church, and others, who found such an asylum in -his house and family at Paris, that in their disputes with the Papists -(then triumphing over it as utterly lost) they used to argue for its -visibility and existence from Sir R. Browne's chapel and assembly there. -Then he spoke of his great and loyal sufferings during thirteen years' -exile with his present Majesty, his return with him in the signal year -1660; his honorable employment at home, his timely recess to recollect -himself, his great age, infirmities, and death. - -He gave to the Trinity Corporation that land in Deptford on which are -built those almshouses for twenty-four widows of emerited seamen. He was -born the famous year of the Gunpowder Treason, in 1605, and being the -last [male] of his family, left my wife, his only daughter, heir. His -grandfather, Sir Richard Browne, was the great instrument under the -great Earl of Leicester (favorite to Queen Elizabeth) in his government -of the Netherland. He was Master of the Household to King James, and -Cofferer; I think was the first who regulated the compositions through -England for the King's household, provisions, progresses,[49] etc., -which was so high a service, and so grateful to the whole nation, that -he had acknowledgments and public thanks sent him from all the counties; -he died by the rupture of a vein in a vehement speech he made about the -compositions in a Parliament of King James. By his mother's side he was -a Gunson, Treasurer of the Navy in the reigns of Henry VIII., Queen -Mary, and Queen Elizabeth, and, as by his large pedigree appears, -related to divers of the English nobility. Thus ended this honorable -person, after so many changes and tossings to and fro, in the same house -where he was born. "Lord teach us so to number our days, that we may -apply our hearts unto wisdom!" - - [Footnote 49: Notice was taken of this in a previous passage of the - "Diary." The different counties were bound to supply provisions of - various kinds, and these were collected by officers called - purveyors, whose extortions often excited the attention of - Parliament.] - -By a special clause in his will, he ordered that his body should be -buried in the churchyard under the southeast window of the chancel, -adjoining to the burying places of his ancestors, since they came out of -Essex into Sayes Court, he being much offended at the novel custom of -burying everyone within the body of the church and chancel; that being a -favor heretofore granted to martyrs and great persons; this excess of -making churches charnel houses being of ill and irreverend example, and -prejudicial to the health of the living, besides the continual -disturbance of the pavement and seats, and several other indecencies. -Dr. Hall, the pious Bishop of Norwich, would also be so interred, as may -be read in his testament. - -16th March, 1683. I went to see Sir Josiah Child's prodigious cost in -planting walnut trees about his seat, and making fish ponds, many miles -in circuit, in Epping Forest, in a barren spot, as oftentimes these -suddenly monied men for the most part seat themselves. He from a -merchant's apprentice, and management of the East India Company's stock, -being arrived to an estate (it is said) of £200,000; and lately married -his daughter to the eldest son of the Duke of Beaufort, late Marquis of -Worcester, with £50,000 portional present, and various expectations. - -I dined at Mr. Houblon's, a rich and gentle French merchant, who was -building a house in the Forest, near Sir J. Child's, in a place where -the late Earl of Norwich dwelt some time, and which came from his lady, -the widow of Mr. Baker. It will be a pretty villa, about five miles from -Whitechapel. - -18th March, 1683. I went to hear Dr. Horneck preach at the Savoy Church, -on Phil. ii. 5. He was a German born, a most pathetic preacher, a person -of a saint-like life, and hath written an excellent treatise on -Consideration. - -20th March, 1683. Dined at Dr. Whistler's, at the Physicians' College, -with Sir Thomas Millington, both learned men; Dr. W. the most facetious -man in nature, and now Censor of the college. I was here consulted where -they should build their library; it is a pity this college is built so -near Newgate Prison, and in so obscure a hole, a fault in placing most -of our public buildings and churches in the city, through the avarice of -some few men, and his Majesty not overruling it, when it was in his -power after the dreadful conflagration. - -[Sidenote: LONDON] - -21st March, 1683. Dr. Tenison preached at Whitehall on 1 Cor. vi. 12; I -esteem him to be one of the most profitable preachers in the Church of -England, being also of a most holy conversation, very learned and -ingenious. The pains he takes and care of his parish will, I fear, wear -him out, which would be an inexpressible loss. - -24th March, 1683. I went to hear Dr. Charleton's lecture on the heart in -the Anatomy Theater at the Physicians' College. - -30th March, 1683. To London, in order to my passing the following week, -for the celebration of the Easter now approaching, there being in the -Holy Week so many eminent preachers officiating at the Court and other -places. - -[Sidenote: LONDON] - -6th April, 1683. GOOD FRIDAY. There was in the afternoon, according to -custom, a sermon before the King, at Whitehall; Dr. Sprat preached for -the Bishop of Rochester. - -17th April, 1683. I was at the launching of the last of the thirty ships -ordered to be newly built by Act of Parliament, named the "Neptune," a -second rate, one of the goodliest vessels of the whole navy, built by my -kind neighbor, young Mr. Shish, his Majesty's master shipwright of this -dock. - -1st May, 1683. I went to Blackheath, to see the new fair, being the -first procured by the Lord Dartmouth. This was the first day, pretended -for the sale of cattle, but I think in truth to enrich the new tavern at -the bowling-green, erected by Snape, his Majesty's farrier, a man full -of projects. There appeared nothing but an innumerable assembly of -drinking people from London, peddlars, etc., and I suppose it too near -London to be of any great use to the country. - -March was unusually hot and dry, and all April excessively wet. - -I planted all the out limits of the garden and long walks with -holly.[50] - - [Footnote 50: Evelyn adds a note: "400 feet in length, 9 feet high, - 5 in diameter, in my now ruined garden, thanks to the Czar of - Muscovy."--"_Sylva_," book ii. chap. vi.] - -9th May, 1683. Dined at Sir Gabriel Sylvius's and thence to visit the -Duke of Norfolk, to ask whether he would part with any of his cartoons -and other drawings of Raphael, and the great masters; he told me if he -might sell them all together he would, but that the late Sir Peter Lely -(our famous painter) had gotten some of his best. The person who desired -me to treat for them was Vander Douse, grandson to that great scholar, -contemporary and friend of Joseph Scaliger. - -16th May, 1683. Came to dinner and visited me Sir Richard Anderson, of -Pendley, and his lady, with whom I went to London. - -8th June, 1683. On my return home from the Royal Society, I found Mr. -Wilbraham, a young gentleman of Cheshire. - -11th June, 1683. The Lord Dartmouth was elected Master of the Trinity -House; son to George Legge, late Master of the Ordnance, and one of the -grooms of the bedchamber; a great favorite of the Duke's, an active and -understanding gentleman in sea affairs. - -13th June, 1683. To our Society, where we received the Count de -Zinzendorp, Ambassador from the Duke of Saxony, a fine young man; we -showed him divers experiments on the magnet, on which subject the -Society were upon. - -16th June, 1683. I went to Windsor, dining by the way at Chiswick, at -Sir Stephen Fox's, where I found Sir Robert Howard (that universal -pretender), and Signor Verrio, who brought his draught and designs for -the painting of the staircase of Sir Stephen's new house. - -That which was new at Windsor since I was last there, and was surprising -to me, was the incomparable fresco painting in St. George's Hall, -representing the legend of St. George, and triumph of the Black Prince, -and his reception by Edward III.; the volto, or roof, not totally -finished; then the Resurrection in the Chapel, where the figure of the -Ascension is, in my opinion, comparable to any paintings of the most -famous Roman masters; the Last Supper, also over the altar. I liked the -contrivance of the unseen organ behind the altar, nor less the -stupendous and beyond all description the incomparable carving of our -Gibbons, who is, without controversy, the greatest master both for -invention and rareness of work, that the world ever had in any age; nor -doubt I at all that he will prove as great a master in the statuary art. - -Verrio's invention is admirable, his ordnance full and flowing, antique -and heroical; his figures move; and, if the walls hold (which is the -only doubt by reason of the salts which in time and in this moist -climate prejudice), the work will preserve his name to ages. - -There was now the terrace brought almost round the old castle; the -grass made clean, even, and curiously turfed; the avenues to the new -park, and other walks, planted with elms and limes, and a pretty canal, -and receptacle for fowl; nor less observable and famous is the throwing -so huge a quantity of excellent water to the enormous height of the -castle, for the use of the whole house, by an extraordinary invention of -Sir Samuel Morland. - -17th June, 1683. I dined at the Earl of Sunderland's with the Earls of -Bath, Castlehaven, Lords Viscounts Falconberg, Falkland, Bishop of -London, the Grand Master of Malta, brother to the Duke de Vendôme (a -young wild spark), and Mr. Dryden, the poet. After evening prayer, I -walked in the park with my Lord Clarendon, where we fell into discourse -of the Bishop of Salisbury (Dr. Seth Ward), his subtlety, etc. Dr. -Durell, late Dean of Windsor, being dead, Dr. Turner, one of the Duke's -chaplains was made dean. - -I visited my Lady Arlington, groom of the stole to her Majesty, who -being hardly set down to supper, word was brought her that the Queen was -going into the park to walk, it being now near eleven at night; the -alarm caused the Countess to rise in all haste, and leave her supper to -us. - -By this one may take an estimate of the extreme slavery and subjection -that courtiers live in, who had not time to eat and drink at their -pleasure. It put me in mind of Horace's "Mouse," and to bless God for my -own private condition. - -Here was Monsieur de l'Angle, the famous minister of Charenton, lately -fled from the persecution in France, concerning the deplorable condition -of the Protestants there. - -[Sidenote: LONDON] - -18th June, 1683. I was present, and saw and heard the humble submission -and petition of the Lord Mayor, sheriffs, and aldermen, on behalf of the -city of London, on the _quo warranto_ against their charter which they -delivered to his Majesty in the presence chamber. It was delivered -kneeling, and then the King and Council went into the council chamber, -the mayor and his brethren attending still in the presence chamber. -After a short space they were called in, and my Lord Keeper made a -speech to them, exaggerating the disorderly and riotous behavior in the -late election, and polling for Papillon and Du Bois after the Common -hall had been formally dissolved: with other misdemeanors, libels on the -government, etc., by which they had incurred his Majesty's high -displeasure: and that but for this submission, and under such articles -as the King should require their obedience to, he would certainly enter -judgment against them, which hitherto he had suspended. The things -required were as follows: that they should neither elect mayor, -sheriffs, aldermen, recorder, common Serjeant town clerk, coroner, nor -steward of Southwark, without his Majesty's approbation; and that if -they presented any his Majesty did not like, they should proceed in -wonted manner to a second choice; if that was disapproved, his Majesty -to nominate them; and if within five days they thought good to assent to -this, all former miscarriages should be forgotten. And so they tamely -parted with their so ancient privileges after they had dined and been -treated by the King. This was a signal and most remarkable period. What -the consequences will prove, time will show. Divers of the old and most -learned lawyers and judges were of opinion that they could not forfeit -their charter, but might be personally punished for their misdemeanors; -but the plurality of the younger judges and rising men judged it -otherwise. - -The Popish Plot also, which had hitherto made such a noise, began now -sensibly to dwindle, through the folly, knavery, impudence, and -giddiness of Oates, so as the Papists began to hold up their heads -higher than ever, and those who had fled, flocked to London from abroad. -Such sudden changes and eager doings there had been without anything -steady or prudent, for these last seven years. - -19th June, 1683. I returned to town in a coach with the Earl of -Clarendon, when passing by the glorious palace of his father, built but -a few years before, which they were now demolishing, being sold to -certain undertakers, I turned my head the contrary way till the coach -had gone past it, lest I might minister occasion of speaking of it; -which must needs have grieved him, that in so short a time their pomp -was fallen. - -28th June, 1683. After the Popish Plot, there was now a new and (as -they called it) a Protestant Plot discovered, that certain Lords and -others should design the assassination of the King and the Duke as they -were to come from Newmarket, with a general rising of the nation, and -especially of the city of London, disaffected to the present Government. -Upon which were committed to the Tower, the Lord Russell, eldest son of -the Earl of Bedford, the Earl of Essex, Mr. Algernon Sidney, son to the -old Earl of Leicester, Mr. Trenchard, Hampden, Lord Howard of Escrick, -and others. A proclamation was issued against my Lord Grey, the Duke of -Monmouth, Sir Thomas Armstrong, and one Ferguson, who had escaped beyond -sea; of these some were said to be for killing the King, others for only -seizing on him, and persuading him to new counsels, on the pretense of -the danger of Popery, should the Duke live to succeed, who was now again -admitted to the councils and cabinet secrets. The Lords Essex and -Russell were much deplored, for believing they had any evil intention -against the King, or the Church; some thought they were cunningly drawn -in by their enemies for not approving some late counsels and management -relating to France, to Popery, to the persecution of the Dissenters, -etc. They were discovered by the Lord Howard of Escrick and some false -brethren of the club, and the design happily broken; had it taken -effect, it would, to all appearance, have exposed the Government to -unknown and dangerous events; which God avert! - -Was born my granddaughter at Sayes Court, and christened by the name of -Martha Maria, our Vicar officiating. I pray God bless her, and may she -choose the better part! - -[Sidenote: LONDON] - -13th July, 1683. As I was visiting Sir Thomas Yarborough and his Lady, -in Covent Garden, the astonishing news was brought to us of the Earl of -Essex having cut his throat, having been but three days a prisoner in -the Tower, and this happened on the very day and instant that Lord -Russell was on his trial, and had sentence of death. This accident -exceedingly amazed me, my Lord Essex being so well known by me to be a -person of such sober and religious deportment, so well at his ease, and -so much obliged to the King. It is certain the King and Duke were at the -Tower, and passed by his window about the same time this morning, when -my Lord asking for a razor, shut himself into a closet, and perpetrated -the horrid act. Yet it was wondered by some how it was possible he -should do it in the manner he was found, for the wound was so deep and -wide, that being cut through the gullet, windpipe, and both the -jugulars, it reached to the very vertebrĉ of the neck, so that the head -held to it by a very little skin as it were; the gapping too of the -razor, and cutting his own fingers, was a little strange; but more, that -having passed the jugulars he should have strength to proceed so far, -that an executioner could hardly have done more with an ax. There were -odd reflections upon it. - -The fatal news coming to Hicks's Hall upon the article of my Lord -Russell's trial, was said to have had no little influence on the Jury -and all the Bench to his prejudice. Others said that he had himself on -some occasions hinted that in case he should be in danger of having his -life taken from him by any public misfortune, those who thirsted for his -estate should miss of their aim; and that he should speak favorably of -that Earl of Northumberland,[51] and some others, who made away with -themselves; but these are discourses so unlike his sober and prudent -conversation that I have no inclination to credit them. What might -instigate him to this devilish act, I am not able to conjecture. My Lord -Clarendon, his brother-in-law, who was with him but the day before, -assured me he was then very cheerful, and declared it to be the effect -of his innocence and loyalty; and most believe that his Majesty had no -severe intentions against him, though he was altogether inexorable as to -Lord Russell and some of the rest. For my part, I believe the crafty and -ambitious Earl of Shaftesbury had brought them into some dislike of the -present carriage of matters at Court, not with any design of destroying -the monarchy (which Shaftesbury had in confidence and for unanswerable -reasons told me he would support to his last breath, as having seen and -felt the misery of being under mechanic tyranny), but perhaps of setting -up some other whom he might govern, and frame to his own platonic fancy, -without much regard to the religion established under the hierarchy, for -which he had no esteem; but when he perceived those whom he had engaged -to rise, fail of his expectations, and the day past, reproaching his -accomplices that a second day for an exploit of this nature was never -successful, he gave them the slip, and got into Holland, where the fox -died, three months before these unhappy Lords and others were discovered -or suspected. Every one deplored Essex and Russell, especially the last, -as being thought to have been drawn in on pretense only of endeavoring -to rescue the King from his present councilors, and secure religion from -Popery, and the nation from arbitrary government, now so much -apprehended; while the rest of those who were fled, especially Ferguson -and his gang, had doubtless some bloody design to get up a Commonwealth, -and turn all things topsy-turvy. Of the same tragical principles is -Sydney. - - [Footnote 51: Henry Percy, eighth Earl of Northumberland, shot - himself in the Tower, to which he had been committed on a charge of - high treason in June, 1585.] - -I had this day much discourse with Monsieur Pontaq, son to the famous -and wise prime President of Bordeaux. This gentleman was owner of that -excellent _vignoble_ of Pontaq and O'Brien, from whence come the -choicest of our Bordeaux wines; and I think I may truly say of him, what -was not so truly said of St. Paul, that much learning had made him mad. -He had studied well in philosophy, but chiefly the Rabbins, and was -exceedingly addicted to cabalistical fancies, an eternal hablador -[romancer], and half distracted by reading abundance of the extravagant -Eastern Jews. He spoke all languages, was very rich, had a handsome -person, and was well bred, about forty-five years of age. - -14th July, 1683. I visited Mr. Fraser, a learned Scotch gentleman, whom -I had formerly recommended to Lord Berkeley for the instruction and -government of his son, since dead at sea. He had now been in Holland at -the sale of the learned Heinsius's library, and showed me some very rare -and curious books, and some MSS., which he had purchased to good value. -There were three or four Herbals in miniature, accurately done, divers -Roman antiquities of Verona, and very many books of Aldus's impression. - -15th July, 1683. A stranger, an old man, preached on Jerem. vi. 8, the -not hearkening to instruction, portentous of desolation to a people; -much after Bishop Andrew's method, full of logical divisions, in short -and broken periods, and Latin sentences, now quite out of fashion in the -pulpit, which is grown into a far more profitable way, of plain and -practical discourses, of which sort this nation, or any other, never had -greater plenty or more profitable (I am confident); so much has it to -answer for thriving no better on it. - -The public was now in great consternation on the late plot and -conspiracy; his Majesty very melancholy, and not stirring without double -guards; all the avenues and private doors about Whitehall and the Park -shut up, few admitted to walk in it. The Papists, in the meantime, very -jocund; and indeed with reason, seeing their own plot brought to -nothing, and turned to ridicule, and now a conspiracy of Protestants, as -they called them. - -The Turks were likewise in hostility against the German Emperor, almost -masters of the Upper Hungary, and drawing toward Vienna. On the other -side, the French King (who it is believed brought in the infidels) -disturbing his Spanish and Dutch neighbors, having swallowed up almost -all Flanders, pursuing his ambition of a fifth universal monarchy; and -all this blood and disorder in Christendom had evidently its rise from -our defections at home, in a wanton peace, minding nothing but luxury, -ambition, and to procure money for our vices. To this add our irreligion -and atheism, great ingratitude, and self-interest; the apostacy of some, -and the suffering the French to grow so great, and the Hollanders so -weak. In a word, we were wanton, mad, and surfeiting with prosperity; -every moment unsettling the old foundations, and never constant to -anything. The Lord in mercy avert the sad omen, and that we do not -provoke him till he bear it no longer! - -This summer did we suffer twenty French men-of-war to pass our Channel -toward the Sound, to help the Danes against the Swedes, who had -abandoned the French interest, we not having ready sufficient to guard -our coasts, or take cognizance of what they did; though the nation never -had more, or a better navy, yet the sea had never so slender a fleet. - -19th July, 1683. George, Prince of Denmark, who had landed this day, -came to marry the Lady Anne, daughter to the Duke; so I returned home, -having seen the young gallant at dinner at Whitehall. - -20th July, 1683. Several of the conspirators of the lower form were -executed at Tyburn; and the next day, - -[Sidenote: LONDON] - -21st July, 1683. Lord Russell was beheaded in Lincoln's Inn Fields, the -executioner giving him three butcherly strokes. The speech he made, and -the paper which he gave the Sheriff declaring his innocence, the -nobleness of the family, the piety and worthiness of the unhappy -gentleman, wrought much pity, and occasioned various discourses on the -plot. - -25th July, 1683. I again saw Prince George of Denmark: he had the Danish -countenance, blonde, of few words, spoke French but ill, seemed somewhat -heavy, but reported to be valiant, and indeed he had bravely rescued and -brought off his brother, the King of Denmark, in a battle against the -Swedes, when both these Kings were engaged very smartly. - -28th July, 1683. He was married to the Lady Anne at Whitehall. Her Court -and household to be modeled as the Duke's, her father, had been, and -they to continue in England. - -1st August, 1683. Came to see me Mr. Flamsted, the famous astronomer, -from his Observatory at Greenwich, to draw the meridian from my pendule, -etc. - -2d August, 1683. The Countesses of Bristol and Sunderland, aunt and -cousin-german of the late Lord Russell, came to visit me, and condole -his sad fate. The next day, came Colonel Russell, uncle to the late Lord -Russell, and brother to the Earl of Bedford, and with him Mrs. -Middleton, that famous and indeed incomparable beauty, daughter to my -relation, Sir Robert Needham. - -19th August, 1683. I went to Bromley to visit our Bishop, and excellent -neighbor, and to congratulate his now being made Archbishop of York. On -the 28th, he came to take his leave of us, now preparing for his journey -and residence in his province. - -28th August, 1683. My sweet little grandchild, Martha Maria, died, and -on the 29th was buried in the parish church. - -2d September, 1683. This morning, was read in the church, after the -office was done, the Declaration setting forth the late conspiracy -against the King's person. - -3d September, 1683. I went to see what had been done by the Duke of -Beaufort on his lately purchased house at Chelsea, which I once had the -selling of for the Countess of Bristol, he had made great alterations, -but might have built a better house with the materials and the cost he -had been at. - -Saw the Countess of Monte Feltre, whose husband I had formerly known, -he was a subject of the Pope's, but becoming a Protestant he resided in -England, and married into the family of the Savilles, of Yorkshire. The -Count, her late husband, was a very learned gentleman, a great -politician, and a goodly man. She was accompanied by her sister, -exceedingly skilled in painting, nor did they spare for color on their -own faces. They had a great deal of wit. - -9th September, 1683. It being the day of public thanksgiving for his -Majesty's late preservation, the former Declaration was again read, and -there was an office used, composed for the occasion. A loyal sermon was -preached on the divine right of Kings, from Psalm cxliv. 10. "Thou hast -preserved David from the peril of the sword." - -15th September, 1683. Came to visit me the learned anatomist, Dr. -Tyson,[52] with some other Fellows of our Society. - - [Footnote 52: Doctor Edward Tyson, a learned physician, born at - Clevedon, Somersetshire, in 1649, who became reader of the - anatomical lecture in Surgeons' Hall, and physician to the hospitals - of Bethlehem and Bridewell, which offices he held at his death, Aug. - 1, 1708. He was an ingenious writer, and has left various Essays in - the Philosophical Transactions and Hook's Collections. He published - also "The Anatomy of a Porpoise Dissected at Gresham College," and - "The Anatomy of a Pigmy Compared with a Monkey, an Ape, and a Man," - 4to., 1698-99.] - -16th September, 1683. At the elegant villa and garden of Mr. Bohun, at -Lee. He showed me the zinnar tree, or platanus, and told me that since -they had planted this kind of tree about the city of Ispahan, in Persia, -the plague, which formerly much infested the place, had exceedingly -abated of its mortal effects, and rendered it very healthy. - -[Sidenote: LONDON] - -18th September, 1683. I went to London to visit the Duchess of Grafton, -now great with child, a most virtuous and beautiful lady. Dining with -her at my Lord Chamberlain's, met my Lord of St. Alban's, now grown so -blind, that he could not see to take his meat. He has lived a most easy -life, in plenty even abroad, while his Majesty was a sufferer; he has -lost immense sums at play, which yet, at about eighty years old, he -continues, having one that sits by him to name the spots on the cards. -He ate and drank with extraordinary appetite. He is a prudent old -courtier, and much enriched since his Majesty's return. - -After dinner, I walked to survey the sad demolition of Clarendon House, -that costly and only sumptuous palace of the late Lord Chancellor Hyde, -where I have often been so cheerful with him, and sometimes so sad: -happening to make him a visit but the day before he fled from the angry -Parliament, accusing him of maladministration, and being envious at his -grandeur, who from a private lawyer came to be father-in-law to the Duke -of York, and as some would suggest, designing his Majesty's marriage -with the Infanta of Portugal, not apt to breed. To this they imputed -much of our unhappiness; and that he, being sole minister and favorite -at his Majesty's restoration, neglected to gratify the King's suffering -party, preferring those who were the cause of our troubles. But perhaps -as many of these things were injuriously laid to his charge, so he kept -the government far steadier than it has proved since. I could name some -who I think contributed greatly to his ruin,--the buffoons and the -MISSIS, to whom he was an eye-sore. It is true he was of a jolly temper, -after the old English fashion; but France had now the ascendant, and we -were become quite another nation. The Chancellor gone, and dying in -exile, the Earl his successor sold that which cost £50,000 building, to -the young Duke of Albemarle for £25,000, to pay debts which how -contracted remains yet a mystery, his son being no way a prodigal. Some -imagine the Duchess his daughter had been chargeable to him. However it -were, this stately palace is decreed to ruin, to support the prodigious -waste the Duke of Albemarle had made of his estate, since the old man -died. He sold it to the highest bidder, and it fell to certain rich -bankers and mechanics, who gave for it and the ground about it, £35,000; -they design a new town, as it were, and a most magnificent piazza -[square]. It is said they have already materials toward it with what -they sold of the house alone, more worth than what they paid for it. See -the vicissitudes of earthly things! I was astonished at this demolition, -nor less at the little army of laborers and artificers leveling the -ground, laying foundations, and contriving great buildings at an expense -of £200,000, if they perfect their design. - -19th September, 1683. In my walks I stepped into a goldbeater's -workhouse, where he showed me the wonderful ductility of that spreading -and oily metal. He said it must be finer than the standard, such as was -old angel-gold, and that of such he had once to the value of £100 -stamped with the _agnus dei_, and coined at the time of the holy war; -which had been found in a ruined wall somewhere in the North, near to -Scotland, some of which he beat into leaves, and the rest sold to the -curiosi in antiquities and medals. - -23d September, 1683. We had now the welcome tidings of the King of -Poland raising the siege of Vienna, which had given terror to all -Europe, and utmost reproach to the French, who it is believed brought in -the Turks for diversion, that the French King might the more easily -swallow Flanders, and pursue his unjust conquest on the empire, while we -sat unconcerned and under a deadly charm from somebody. - -There was this day a collection for rebuilding Newmarket, consumed by an -accidental fire, which removing his Majesty thence sooner than was -intended, put by the assassins, who were disappointed of their -rendezvous and expectation by a wonderful providence. This made the King -more earnest to render Winchester the seat of his autumnal field -diversions for the future, designing a palace there, where the ancient -castle stood; infinitely indeed preferable to Newmarket for prospects, -air, pleasure, and provisions. The surveyor has already begun the -foundation for a palace, estimated to cost £35,000, and his Majesty is -purchasing ground about it to make a park, etc. - -[Sidenote: LONDON] - -4th October, 1683. I went to London, on receiving a note from the -Countess of Arlington, of some considerable charge or advantage I might -obtain by applying myself to his Majesty on this signal conjuncture of -his Majesty entering up judgment against the city charter; the proposal -made me I wholly declined, not being well satisfied with these violent -transactions, and not a little sorry that his Majesty was so often put -upon things of this nature against so great a city, the consequence -whereof may be so much to his prejudice; so I returned home. At this -time, the Lord Chief-Justice Pemberton was displaced. He was held to be -the most learned of the judges, and an honest man. Sir George Jeffreys -was advanced, reputed to be most ignorant, but most daring. Sir George -Treby, Recorder of London, was also put by, and one Genner, an obscure -lawyer, set in his place. Eight of the richest and chief aldermen were -removed and all the rest made only justices of the peace, and no more -wearing of gowns, or chains of gold; the Lord Mayor and two sheriffs -holding their places by new grants as _custodes_, at the King's -pleasure. The pomp and grandeur of the most august city in the world -thus changed face in a moment; which gave great occasion of discourse -and thoughts of hearts, what all this would end in. Prudent men were for -the old foundations. - -Following his Majesty this morning through the gallery, I went with the -few who attended him, into the Duchess of Portmouth's DRESSING ROOM -within her bedchamber, where she was in her morning loose garment, her -maids combing her, newly out of her bed, his Majesty and the gallants -standing about her; but that which engaged my curiosity, was the rich -and splendid furniture of this woman's apartment, now twice or thrice -pulled down and rebuilt to satisfy her prodigal and expensive pleasures, -while her Majesty's does not exceed some gentlemen's ladies in furniture -and accommodation. Here I saw the new fabric of French tapestry, for -design, tenderness of work, and incomparable imitation of the best -paintings, beyond anything I had ever beheld. Some pieces had -Versailles, St. Germains, and other palaces of the French King, with -huntings, figures, and landscapes, exotic fowls, and all to the life -rarely done. Then for Japan cabinets, screens, pendule clocks, great -vases of wrought plate, tables, stands, chimney-furniture, sconces, -branches, braseras, etc., all of massy silver and out of number, besides -some of her Majesty's best paintings. - -Surfeiting of this, I dined at Sir Stephen Fox's and went contented home -to my poor, but quiet villa. What contentment can there be in the riches -and splendor of this world, purchased with vice and dishonor? - -10th October, 1683. Visited the Duchess of Grafton, not yet brought to -bed, and dining with my Lord Chamberlain (her father), went with them to -see Montague House, a palace lately built by Lord Montague, who had -married the most beautiful Countess of Northumberland. It is a stately -and ample palace. Signor Verrio's fresco paintings, especially the -funeral pile of Dido, on the staircase, the labors of Hercules, fight -with the Centaurs, his effeminacy with Dejanira, and Apotheosis or -reception among the gods, on the walls and roof of the great room -above,--I think exceeds anything he has yet done, both for design, -coloring, and exuberance of invention, comparable to the greatest of the -old masters, or what they so celebrate at Rome. In the rest of the -chamber are some excellent paintings of Holbein, and other masters. The -garden is large, and in good air, but the fronts of the house not -answerable to the inside. The court at entry, and wings for offices seem -too near the street, and that so very narrow and meanly built, that the -corridor is not in proportion to the rest, to hide the court from being -overlooked by neighbors; all which might have been prevented, had they -placed the house further into the ground, of which there was enough to -spare. But on the whole it is a fine palace, built after the French -pavilion-way, by Mr. Hooke, the Curator of the Royal Society. There were -with us my Lady Scroope, the great wit, and Monsieur Chardine, the -celebrated traveler. - -13th October, 1683. Came to visit me my old and worthy friend, Mr. -Packer, bringing with him his nephew Berkeley, grandson to the honest -judge. A most ingenious, virtuous, and religious gentleman, seated near -Worcester, and very curious in gardening. - -17th October, 1683. I was at the court-leet of this manor, my Lord -Arlington his Majesty's High Steward. - -26th October, 1683. Came to visit and dine with me, Mr. Brisbane, -Secretary to the Admiralty, a learned and agreeable man. - -30th October, 1683. I went to Kew to visit Sir Henry Capell, brother to -the late Earl of Essex; but he being gone to Cashiobury, after I had -seen his garden and the alterations therein, I returned home. He had -repaired his house, roofed his hall with a kind of cupola, and in a -niche was an artificial fountain; but the room seems to me -over-melancholy, yet might be much improved by having the walls well -painted _á fresco_. The two green houses for oranges and myrtles, -communicating with the rooms below, are very well contrived. There is a -cupola made with pole-work between two elms at the end of a walk, which -being covered by plashing the trees to them, is very pretty; for the -rest there are too many fir trees in the garden. - -[Sidenote: LONDON] - -17th November, 1683. I took a house in Villiers Street, York Buildings, -for the winter, having many important concerns to dispatch, and for the -education of my daughters. - -23d November, 1683. The Duke of Monmouth, till now proclaimed traitor on -the pretended plot for which Lord Russell was lately beheaded, came this -evening to Whitehall and rendered himself, on which were various -discourses. - -26th November, 1683. I went to compliment the Duchess of Grafton, now -lying-in of her first child, a son, which she called for, that I might -see it. She was become more beautiful, if it were possible, than before, -and full of virtue and sweetness. She discoursed with me of many -particulars, with great prudence and gravity beyond her years. - -29th November, 1683. Mr. Forbes showed me the plot of the garden making -at Burleigh, at my Lord Exeter's, which I looked on as one of the most -noble that I had seen. - -The whole court and town in solemn mourning for the death of the King of -Portugal, her Majesty's brother. - -30th November, 1683. At the anniversary dinner of the Royal Society the -King sent us two does. Sir Cyril Wych was elected President. - -5th December, 1683. I was this day invited to a wedding of one Mrs. -Castle, to whom I had some obligation, and it was to her fifth husband, -a lieutenant-colonel of the city. She was the daughter of one Burton, a -broom-man, by his wife, who sold kitchen stuff in Kent Street, whom God -so blessed that the father became a very rich, and was a very honest -man; he was sheriff of Surrey, where I have sat on the bench with him. -Another of his daughters was married to Sir John Bowles; and this -daughter was a jolly friendly woman. There was at the wedding the Lord -Mayor, the Sheriff, several Aldermen and persons of quality; above all, -Sir George Jeffreys, newly made Lord Chief Justice of England, with Mr. -Justice Withings, danced with the bride, and were exceedingly merry. -These great men spent the rest of the afternoon, till eleven at night, -in drinking healths, taking tobacco, and talking much beneath the -gravity of judges, who had but a day or two before condemned Mr. -Algernon Sidney, who was executed the 7th on Tower Hill, on the single -witness of that monster of a man, Lord Howard of Escrick, and some -sheets of paper taken in Mr. Sidney's study, pretended to be written by -him, but not fully proved, nor the time when, but appearing to have been -written before his Majesty's Restoration, and then pardoned by the Act -of Oblivion; so that though Mr. Sidney was known to be a person -obstinately averse to government by a monarch (the subject of the paper -was in answer to one by Sir E. Filmer), yet it was thought he had very -hard measure. There is this yet observable, that he had been an -inveterate enemy to the last king, and in actual rebellion against him; -a man of great courage, great sense, great parts, which he showed both -at his trial and death; for, when he came on the scaffold, instead of a -speech, he told them only that he had made his peace with God, that he -came not thither to talk, but to die; put a paper into the sheriff's -hand, and another into a friend's; said one prayer as short as a grace, -laid down his neck, and bid the executioner do his office. - -The Duke of Monmouth, now having his pardon, refuses to acknowledge -there was any treasonable plot; for which he is banished Whitehall. This -is a great disappointment to some who had prosecuted Trenchard, Hampden, -etc., that for want of a second witness were come out of the Tower upon -their _habeas corpus_. - -The King had now augmented his guards with a new sort of dragoons, who -carried also grenades, and were habited after the Polish manner, with -long peaked caps, very fierce and fantastical. - -[Sidenote: LONDON] - -7th December, 1683. I went to the Tower, and visited the Earl of Danby, -the late Lord High Treasurer, who had been imprisoned four years: he -received me with great kindness. I dined with him, and stayed till -night. We had discourse of many things, his Lady railing sufficiently at -the keeping her husband so long in prison. Here I saluted the Lord -Dumblaine's wife, who before had been married to Emerton, and about whom -there was that scandalous business before the delegates. - -23d December, 1683. The smallpox very prevalent and mortal; the Thames -frozen. - -26th December, 1683. I dined at Lord Clarendon's, where I was to meet -that ingenious and learned gentleman, Sir George Wheeler, who has -published the excellent description of Africa and Greece, and who, being -a knight of a very fair estate and young, had now newly entered into -holy orders. - -27th December, 1683. I went to visit Sir John Chardin, a French -gentleman, who traveled three times by land into Persia, and had made -many curious researches in his travels, of which he was now setting -forth a relation. It being in England this year one of the severest -frosts that has happened of many years, he told me the cold in Persia -was much greater, the ice of an incredible thickness; that they had -little use of iron in all that country, it being so moist (though the -air admirably clear and healthy) that oil would not preserve it from -rusting, so that they had neither clocks nor watches; some padlocks they -had for doors and boxes. - -30th December, 1683. Dr. Sprat, now made Dean of Westminster, preached -to the King at Whitehall, on Matt. vi. 24. Recollecting the passages of -the past year, I gave God thanks for his mercies, praying his blessing -for the future. - -1st January, 1683-84. The weather continuing intolerably severe, streets -of booths were set up on the Thames; the air was so very cold and thick, -as of many years there had not been the like. The smallpox was very -mortal. - -2d January, 1684. I dined at Sir Stephen Fox's: after dinner came a -fellow who ate live charcoal, glowingly ignited, quenching them in his -mouth, and then champing and swallowing them down. There was a dog also -which seemed to do many rational actions. - -6th January, 1684. The river quite frozen. - -9th January, 1684. I went across the Thames on the ice, now become so -thick as to bear not only streets of booths, in which they roasted meat, -and had divers shops of wares, quite across as in a town, but coaches, -carts, and horses passed over. So I went from Westminster stairs to -Lambeth, and dined with the Archbishop: where I met my Lord Bruce, Sir -George Wheeler, Colonel Cooke, and several divines. After dinner and -discourse with his Grace till evening prayers, Sir George Wheeler and I -walked over the ice from Lambeth stairs to the Horse-ferry. - -10th January, 1684. I visited Sir Robert Reading, where after supper we -had music, but not comparable to that which Mrs. Bridgeman made us on -the guitar with such extraordinary skill and dexterity. - -16th January, 1684. The Thames was filled with people and tents selling -all sorts of wares as in the city. - -24th January, 1684. The frost continues more and more severe, the Thames -before London was still planted with booths in formal streets, all sorts -of trades and shops furnished, and full of commodities, even to a -printing press, where the people and ladies took a fancy to have their -names printed, and the day and year set down when printed on the Thames: -this humor took so universally, that it was estimated that the printer -gained £5 a day, for printing a line only, at sixpence a name, besides -what he got by ballads, etc. Coaches plied from Westminster to the -Temple, and from several other stairs to and fro, as in the streets, -sleds, sliding with skates, a bull-baiting, horse and coach-races, -puppet-plays and interludes, cooks, tippling, and other lewd places, so -that it seemed to be a bacchanalian triumph, or carnival on the water, -while it was a severe judgment on the land, the trees not only splitting -as if the lightning struck, but men and cattle perishing in divers -places, and the very seas so locked up with ice, that no vessels could -stir out or come in. The fowls, fish, and birds, and all our exotic -plants and greens, universally perishing. Many parks of deer were -destroyed, and all sorts of fuel so dear, that there were great -contributions to preserve the poor alive. Nor was this severe weather -much less intense in most parts of Europe, even as far as Spain and the -most southern tracts. London, by reason of the excessive coldness of the -air hindering the ascent of the smoke, was so filled with the fuliginous -steam of the sea-coal, that hardly could one see across the street, and -this filling the lungs with its gross particles, exceedingly obstructed -the breast, so as one could scarcely breathe. Here was no water to be -had from the pipes and engines, nor could the brewers and divers other -tradesmen work, and every moment was full of disastrous accidents. - -4th February, 1684. I went to Sayes Court to see how the frost had -dealt with my garden, where I found many of the greens and rare plants -utterly destroyed. The oranges and myrtles very sick, the rosemary and -laurels dead to all appearance, but the cypress likely to endure it. - -5th February, 1684. It began to thaw, but froze again. My coach crossed -from Lambeth, to the Horse-ferry at Milbank, Westminster. The booths -were almost all taken down; but there was first a map or landscape cut -in copper representing all the manner of the camp, and the several -actions, sports, and pastimes thereon, in memory of so signal a frost. - -7th February, 1684. I dined with my Lord Keeper, [North], and walking -alone with him some time in his gallery, we had discourse of music. He -told me he had been brought up to it from a child, so as to sing his -part at first sight. Then speaking of painting, of which he was also a -great lover, and other ingenious matters, he desired me to come oftener -to him. - -8th February, 1684. I went this evening to visit that great and knowing -virtuoso, Monsieur Justell. The weather was set in to an absolute thaw -and rain; but the Thames still frozen. - -10th February, 1684. After eight weeks missing the foreign posts, there -came abundance of intelligence from abroad. - -[Sidenote: LONDON] - -12th February, 1684. The Earl of Danby, late Lord-Treasurer, together -with the Roman Catholic Lords impeached of high treason in the Popish -Plot, had now their _habeas corpus_, and came out upon bail, after five -years' imprisonment in the Tower. Then were also tried and deeply fined -Mr. Hampden and others, for being supposed of the late plot, for which -Lord Russell and Colonel Sidney suffered; as also the person who went -about to prove that the Earl of Essex had his throat cut in the Tower by -others; likewise Mr. Johnson, the author of that famous piece called -Julian. - -15th February, 1684. News of the Prince of Orange having accused the -Deputies of Amsterdam of _crimen lĉsĉ Majestatis_, and being pensioners -to France. - -Dr. Tenison communicated to me his intention of erecting a library in -St. Martin's parish, for the public use, and desired my assistance, with -Sir Christopher Wren, about the placing and structure thereof, a worthy -and laudable design. He told me there were thirty or forty young men in -Orders in his parish, either governors to young gentlemen or chaplains -to noblemen, who being reproved by him on occasion for frequenting -taverns or coffeehouses, told him they would study or employ their time -better, if they had books. This put the pious Doctor on this design; and -indeed a great reproach it is that so great a city as London should not -have a public library becoming it. There ought to be one at St. Paul's; -the west end of that church (if ever finished) would be a convenient -place. - -23d February, 1684. I went to Sir John Chardin, who desired my -assistance for the engraving the plates, the translation, and printing -his History of that wonderful Persian Monument near Persepolis, and -other rare antiquities, which he had caused to be drawn from the -originals in his second journey into Persia, which we now concluded -upon. Afterward, I went with Sir Christopher Wren to Dr. Tenison, where -we made the drawing and estimate of the expense of the library, to be -begun this next spring near the Mews. - -Great expectation of the Prince of Orange's attempts in Holland to bring -those of Amsterdam to consent to the new levies, to which we were no -friends, by a pseudo-politic adherence to the French interest. - -26th February, 1684. Came to visit me Dr. Turner, our new Bishop of -Rochester. - -28th February, 1684. I dined at Lady Tuke's, where I heard Dr. Walgrave -(physician to the Duke and Duchess) play excellently on the lute. - -7th March, 1684. Dr. Meggot, Dean of Winchester, preached an -incomparable sermon (the King being now gone to Newmarket), on Heb. xii. -15, showing and pathetically pressing the care we ought to have lest we -come short of the grace of God. Afterward, I went to visit Dr. Tenison -at Kensington, whither he was retired to refresh, after he had been sick -of the smallpox. - -15th March, 1684. At Whitehall preached Mr. Henry Godolphin, a prebend -of St. Paul's, and brother to my dear friend Sydney, on Isaiah 1v. 7. I -dined at the Lord Keeper's, and brought him to Sir John Chardin, who -showed him his accurate drafts of his travels in Persia. - -28th March, 1684. There was so great a concourse of people with their -children to be touched for the Evil, that six or seven were crushed to -death by pressing at the chirurgeon's door for tickets. The weather -began to be more mild and tolerable; but there was not the least -appearance of any spring. - -30th March, 1684. Easter day. The Bishop of Rochester preached before -the King; after which his Majesty, accompanied with three of his natural -sons, the Dukes of Northumberland, Richmond, and St. Alban (sons of -Portsmouth, Cleveland, and Nelly), went up to the altar; the three boys -entering before the King within the rails, at the right hand, and three -bishops on the left: London (who officiated), Durham, and Rochester, -with the subdean, Dr. Holder. The King, kneeling before the altar, -making his offering, the Bishops first received, and then his Majesty; -after which he retired to a canopied seat on the right hand. Note, there -was perfume burned before the office began. I had received the Sacrament -at Whitehall early with the Lords and household, the Bishop of London -officiating. Then went to St. Martin's, where Dr. Tenison preached -(recovered from the smallpox); then went again to Whitehall as above. In -the afternoon, went to St. Martin's again. - -4th April, 1684. I returned home with my family to my house at Sayes -Court, after five months' residence in London; hardly the least -appearance of any spring. - -30th April, 1684. A letter of mine to the Royal Society concerning the -terrible effects of the past winter being read, they desired it might be -printed in the next part of their "Transactions." - -[Sidenote: SURREY] - -10th May, 1684. I went to visit my brother in Surrey. Called by the way -at Ashted, where Sir Robert Howard (Auditor of the Exchequer) -entertained me very civilly at his newly-built house, which stands in a -park on the Down, the avenue south; though down hill to the house, which -is not great, but with the outhouses very convenient. The staircase is -painted by Verrio with the story of Astrea; among other figures is the -picture of the painter himself, and not unlike him; the rest is well -done, only the columns did not at all please me; there is also Sir -Robert's own picture in an oval; the whole in _fresco_. The place has -this great defect, that there is no water but what is drawn up by horses -from a very deep well. - -11th May, 1684. Visited Mr. Higham, who was ill, and died three days -after. His grandfather and father (who christened me), with himself, had -now been rectors of this parish 101 years, viz, from May, 1583. - -12th May, 1684. I returned to London, where I found the Commissioners of -the Admiralty abolished, and the office of Admiral restored to the Duke, -as to the disposing and ordering all sea business; but his Majesty -signed all petitions, papers, warrants, and commissions, that the Duke, -not acting as admiral by commission or office, might not incur the -penalty of the late Act against Papists and Dissenters holding offices, -and refusing the oath and test. Every one was glad of this change, those -in the late Commission being utterly ignorant in their duty, to the -great damage of the Navy. - -The utter ruin of the Low Country was threatened by the siege of -Luxemburg, if not timely relieved, and by the obstinacy of the -Hollanders, who refused to assist the Prince of Orange, being corrupted -by the French. - -16th May, 1684. I received £600 of Sir Charles Bickerstaff for the fee -farm of Pilton, in Devon. - -26th May, 1684. Lord Dartmouth was chosen Master of the Trinity Company, -newly returned with the fleet from blowing up and demolishing Tangier. -In the sermon preached on this occasion, Dr. Can observed that, in the -27th chapter of the Acts of the Apostles, the casting anchor out of the -fore ship had been caviled at as betraying total ignorance: that it is -very true our seamen do not do so; but in the Mediterranean their ships -were built differently from ours, and to this day it was the practice to -do so there. - -Luxemburg was surrendered to the French, which makes them master of all -the Netherlands, gives them entrance into Germany, and a fair game for -universal monarchy; which that we should suffer, who only and easily -might have hindered, astonished all the world. Thus is the poor Prince -of Orange ruined, and this nation and all the Protestant interest in -Europe following, unless God in his infinite mercy, as by a miracle, -interpose, and our great ones alter their counsels. The French fleet -were now besieging Genoa, but after burning much of that beautiful city -with their bombs, went off with disgrace. - -11th June, 1684. My cousin, Verney, to whom a very great fortune was -fallen, came to take leave of us, going into the country; a very worthy -and virtuous young gentleman. - -12th June, 1684. I went to advise and give directions about the building -of two streets in Berkeley Garden, reserving the house and as much of -the garden as the breadth of the house. In the meantime, I could not but -deplore that sweet place (by far the most noble gardens, courts, and -accommodations, stately porticos, etc., anywhere about the town) should -be so much straitened and turned into tenements. But that magnificent -pile and gardens contiguous to it, built by the late Lord Chancellor -Clarendon, being all demolished, and designed for piazzas and buildings, -was some excuse for my Lady Berkeley's resolution of letting out her -ground also for so excessive a price as was offered, advancing near -£1,000 per annum in mere ground rents; to such a mad intemperance was -the age come of building about a city, by far too disproportionate -already to the nation:[53] I having in my time seen it almost as large -again as it was within my memory. - - [Footnote 53: What would Evelyn think if he could see what is now - called London?] - -22d June, 1684. Last Friday, Sir Thomas Armstrong was executed at Tyburn -for treason, without trial, having been outlawed and apprehended in -Holland, on the conspiracy of the Duke of Monmouth, Lord Russell, etc., -which gave occasion of discourse to people and lawyers, in regard it was -on an outlawry that judgment was given and execution.[54] - - [Footnote 54: When brought up for judgment, Armstrong insisted on - his right to a trial, the act giving that right to those who came in - within a year, and the year not having expired. Jefferies refused - it; and when Armstrong insisted that he asked nothing but law, - Jefferies told him he should have it to the full, and ordered his - execution in six days. When Jefferies went to the King at Windsor - soon after, the King took a ring from his finger and gave it to - Jefferies. BURNET, ii. 989.] - -[Sidenote: GREENWICH] - -2d July, 1684. I went to the Observatory at Greenwich, where Mr. -Flamsted took his observations of the eclipse of the sun, now almost -three parts obscured. - -There had been an excessively hot and dry spring, and such a drought -still continued as never was in my memory. - -13th July, 1684. Some small sprinkling of rain; the leaves dropping -from the trees as in autumn. - -25th July, 1684. I dined at Lord Falkland's, Treasurer of the Navy, -where after dinner we had rare music, there being among others, Signor -Pietro Reggio, and Signor John Baptist, both famous, one for his voice, -the other for playing on the harpsichord, few if any in Europe exceeding -him. There was also a Frenchman who sung an admirable bass. - -26th July, 1684. I returned home, where I found my Lord Chief Justice -[Jefferies], the Countess of Clarendon, and Lady Catherine Fitzgerald, -who dined with me. - -10th August, 1684. We had now rain after such a drought as no man in -England had known. - -24th August, 1684. Excessively hot. We had not had above one or two -considerable showers, and those storms, these eight or nine months. Many -trees died for the want of refreshment. - -31st August, 1684. Mr. Sidney Godolphin was made Baron Godolphin. - -26th September, 1684. The King being returned from Winchester, there was -a numerous Court at Whitehall. - -At this time the Earl of Rochester was removed from the Treasury to the -Presidentship of the Council; Lord Godolphin was made first Commissioner -of the Treasury in his place, Lord Middleton (a Scot) made Secretary of -State, in the room of Lord Godolphin. These alterations being very -unexpected and mysterious, gave great occasion of discourse. - -There was now an Ambassador from the King of Siam, in the East Indies, -to his Majesty. - -22d October, 1684. I went with Sir William Godolphin to see the -rhinoceros, or unicorn, being the first that I suppose was ever brought -into England. She belonged to some East India merchants, and was sold -(as I remember) for above £2,000. At the same time, I went to see a -crocodile, brought from some of the West India Islands, resembling the -Egyptian crocodile. - -24th October, 1684. I dined at Sir Stephen Fox's with the Duke of -Northumberland. He seemed to be a young gentleman of good capacity, well -bred, civil and modest: newly come from travel, and had made his -campaign at the siege of Luxemburg. Of all his Majesty's children (of -which he had now six Dukes) this seemed the most accomplished and worth -the owning. He is extraordinarily handsome and well shaped. What the -Dukes of Richmond and St. Alban's will prove, their youth does not yet -discover; they are very pretty boys. - -[Sidenote: LONDON] - -26th October, 1684. Dr. Goodman preached before the King on James ii. -12, concerning the law of liberty: an excellent discourse and in good -method. He is author of "The Prodigal Son," a treatise worth reading, -and another of the old religion. - -27th October, 1684. I visited the Lord Chamberlain, where dined the -BLACK BARON and Monsieur Flamerin, who had so long been banished from -France for a duel. - -28th October, 1684. I carried Lord Clarendon through the city amid all -the squibs and bacchanalia of the Lord Mayor's show, to the Royal -Society, where he was proposed a member; and then treated him at dinner. - -I went to St. Clement's, that prettily built and contrived church where -a young divine gave us an eloquent sermon on 1 Cor. vi. 20, inciting to -gratitude and glorifying God for the fabric of our bodies and the -dignity of our nature. - -2d November, 1684. A sudden change from temperate warm weather to an -excessive cold rain, frost, snow, and storm, such as had seldom been -known. This winter weather began as early and fierce as the past did -late; till about Christmas there then had been hardly any winter. - -4th November, 1684. Dr. Turner, now translated from Rochester to Ely -upon the death of Dr. Peter Gunning, preached before the King at -Whitehall on Romans iii. 8, a very excellent sermon, vindicating the -Church of England against the pernicious doctrines of the Church of -Rome. He challenged the producing but of five clergymen who forsook our -Church and went over to that of Rome, during all the troubles and -rebellion in England, which lasted near twenty years; and this was to my -certain observation a great truth. - -15th November, 1684. Being the Queen's birthday, there were fireworks -on the Thames before Whitehall, with pageants of castles, forts, and -other devices of girandolas, serpents, the King and Queen's arms and -mottoes, all represented in fire, such as had not been seen here. But -the most remarkable was the several fires and skirmishes in the very -water, which actually moved a long way, burning under the water, now and -then appearing above it, giving reports like muskets and cannon, with -grenades and innumerable other devices. It is said it cost £1,500. It -was concluded with a ball, where all the young ladies and gallants -danced in the great hall. The court had not been seen so brave and rich -in apparel since his Majesty's Restoration. - -30th November, 1684. In the morning, Dr. Fiennes, son of the Lord Say -and Seale, preached before the King on Joshua xxi. 11. - -3d December, 1684. I carried Mr. Justell and Mr. Slingsby (Master of the -Mint), to see Mr. Sheldon's collection of medals. The series of Popes -was rare, and so were several among the moderns, especially that of John -Huss's martyrdom at Constance; of the Roman Emperors, Consulars some -Greek, etc., in copper, gold, and silver; not many truly antique; a -medallion of Otho Paulus Ĉmilius, etc., ancient. They were held at a -price of £1,000; but not worth, I judge, above £200. - -7th December, 1684. I went to see the new church at St. James's, -elegantly built; the altar was especially adorned, the white marble -inclosure curiously and richly carved, the flowers and garlands about -the walls by Mr. Gibbons, in wood: a pelican with her young at her -breast; just over the altar in the carved compartment and border -environing the purple velvet fringed with I. H. S. richly embroidered, -and most noble plate, were given by Sir R. Geere, to the value (as was -said) of £200. There was no altar anywhere in England, nor has there -been any abroad, more handsomely adorned. - -17th December, 1684. Early in the morning I went into St. James's Park -to see three Turkish, or Asian horses, newly brought over, and now first -shown to his Majesty. There were four, but one of them died at sea, -being three weeks coming from Hamburg. They were taken from a Bashaw at -the siege of Vienna, at the late famous raising that leaguer. I never -beheld so delicate a creature as one of them was, of somewhat a bright -bay, two white feet, a blaze; such a head, eyes, ears, neck, breast, -belly, haunches, legs, pasterns, and feet, in all regards, beautiful, -and proportioned to admiration; spirited, proud, nimble, making halt, -turning with that swiftness, and in so small a compass, as was -admirable. With all this so gentle and tractable as called to mind what -I remember Busbequius, speaks of them, to the reproach of our grooms in -Europe, who bring up their horses so churlishly, as makes most of them -retain their ill habits. They trotted like does, as if they did not feel -the ground. Five hundred guineas was demanded for the first; 300 for the -second; and 200 for the third, which was brown. All of them were -choicely shaped, but the two last not altogether so perfect as the -first. - -It was judged by the spectators, among whom was the King, Prince of -Denmark, Duke of York, and several of the Court, noble persons skilled -in horses, especially Monsieur Faubert and his son (provost masters of -the Academy, and esteemed of the best in Europe), that there were never -seen any horses in these parts to be compared with them. Add to all -this, the furniture consisting of embroidery on the saddle, housings, -quiver, bow, arrows, scymitar, sword, mace, or battle-ax, _à la -Turcisq_; the Bashaw's velvet mantle furred with the most perfect ermine -I ever beheld; all which, ironwork in common furniture being here of -silver, curiously wrought and double gilt to an incredible value. Such -and so extraordinary was the embroidery, that I never saw anything -approaching it. The reins and headstall were of crimson silk, covered -with chains of silver gilt. There was also a Turkish royal standard of a -horse's tail, together with all sorts of other caparisons belonging to a -general's horse, by which one may estimate how gallantly and -magnificently those infidels appear in the field; for nothing could be -seen more glorious. The gentleman (a German) who rode the horse, was in -all this garb. They were shod with iron made round and closed at the -heel, with a hole in the middle about as wide as a shilling. The hoofs -most entire. - -18th December, 1684. I went with Lord Cornwallis to see the young -gallants do their exercise. Mr. Faubert having newly railed in a manage, -and fitted it for the academy. There were the Dukes of Norfolk and -Northumberland, Lord Newburgh, and a nephew of (Duras) Earl of -Feversham. The exercises were, 1, running at the ring; 2, flinging a -javelin at a Moor's head; 3, discharging a pistol at a mark; lastly -taking up a gauntlet with the point of a sword; all these performed in -full speed. The Duke of Northumberland hardly missed of succeeding in -every one, a dozen times, as I think. The Duke of Norfolk did exceeding -bravely. Lords Newburgh and Duras seemed nothing so dexterous. Here I -saw the difference of what the French call "_bel homme à cheval_," and -"_bon homme à cheval_"; the Duke of Norfolk being the first, that is -rather a fine person on a horse, the Duke of Northumberland being both -in perfection, namely, a graceful person and an excellent rider. But the -Duke of Norfolk told me he had not been at this exercise these twelve -years before. There were in the field the Prince of Denmark, and the -Lord Lansdowne, son of the Earl of Bath, who had been made a Count of -the Empire last summer for his service before Vienna. - -20th December, 1684. A villainous murder was perpetrated by Mr. St. -John, eldest son to Sir Walter St. John, a worthy gentleman, on a knight -of quality, in a tavern. The offender was sentenced and reprieved. So -many horrid murders and duels were committed about this time as were -never before heard of in England; which gave much cause of complaint and -murmurings. - -1st January, 1684-85. It proved so sharp weather, and so long and cruel -a frost, that the Thames was frozen across, but the frost was often -dissolved, and then froze again. - -11th January, 1685. A young man preached upon St. Luke xiii. 5, after -the Presbyterian tedious method and repetition. - -24th January, 1685. I dined at Lord Newport's, who had some excellent -pictures, especially that of Sir Thomas Hanmer, by Vandyke, one of the -best he ever painted; another of our English Dobson's painting; but, -above all, Christ in the Virgin's lap, by Poussin, an admirable piece; -with something of most other famous hands. - -25th January, 1685. Dr. Dove preached before the King. I saw this -evening such a scene of profuse gaming, and the King in the midst of his -three concubines, as I have never before seen--luxurious dallying and -profaneness. - -27th January, 1685. I dined at Lord Sunderland's, being invited to hear -that celebrated voice of Mr. Pordage, newly come from Rome; his singing -was after the Venetian recitative, as masterly as could be, and with an -excellent voice both treble and bass; Dr. Walgrave accompanied it with -his THEORBO LUTE, on which he performed beyond imagination, and is -doubtless one of the greatest masters in Europe on that charming -instrument. Pordage is a priest, as Mr. Bernard Howard told me in -private. - -There was in the room where we dined, and in his bedchamber, those -incomparable pieces of Columbus, a Flagellation, the Grammar school, the -Venus and Adonis of Titian; and of Vandyke's that picture of the late -Earl of Digby (father of the Countess of Sunderland), and Earl of -Bedford, Sir Kenelm Digby, and two ladies of incomparable performance; -besides that of Moses and the burning bush of Bassano, and several other -pieces of the best masters. A marble head of M. Brutus, etc. - -28th January, 1685. I was invited to my Lord Arundel's, of Wardour (now -newly released of his six years' confinement in the Tower on suspicion -of the plot called Oates's Plot), where after dinner the same Mr. -Pordage entertained us with his voice, that excellent and stupendous -artist, Signor John Baptist, playing to it on the harpsichord. My -daughter Mary being with us, she also sang to the great satisfaction of -both the masters, and a world of people of quality present. - -She did so also at my Lord Rochester's the evening following, where we -had the French boy so famed for his singing, and indeed he had a -delicate voice, and had been well taught. I also heard Mrs. Packer -(daughter to my old friend) sing before his Majesty and the Duke, -privately, that stupendous bass, Gosling, accompanying her, but hers was -so loud as took away much of the sweetness. Certainly never woman had a -stronger or better ear, could she possibly have governed it. She would -do rarely in a large church among the nuns. - -[Sidenote: LONDON] - -4th February, 1685. I went to London, hearing his Majesty had been the -Monday before (2d February) surprised in his bedchamber with an -apoplectic fit, so that if, by God's providence, Dr. King (that -excellent chirurgeon as well as physician) had not been accidentally -present to let him bleed (having his lancet in his pocket), his Majesty -had certainly died that moment; which might have been of direful -consequence, there being nobody else present with the King save this -Doctor and one more, as I am assured. It was a mark of the extraordinary -dexterity, resolution, and presence of mind in the Doctor, to let him -bleed in the very paroxysm, without staying the coming of other -physicians, which regularly should have been done, and for want of which -he must have a regular pardon, as they tell me. This rescued his Majesty -for the instant, but it was only a short reprieve. He still complained, -and was relapsing, often fainting, with sometimes epileptic symptoms, -till Wednesday, for which he was cupped, let bleed in both jugulars, and -both vomit and purges, which so relieved him, that on Thursday hopes of -recovery were signified in the public "Gazette," but that day about -noon, the physicians thought him feverish. This they seemed glad of, as -being more easily allayed and methodically dealt with than his former -fits; so as they prescribed the famous Jesuit's powder; but it made him -worse, and some very able doctors who were present did not think it a -fever, but the effect of his frequent bleeding and other sharp -operations used by them about his head, so that probably the powder -might stop the circulation, and renew his former fits, which now made -him very weak. Thus he passed Thursday night with great difficulty, when -complaining of a pain in his side, they drew twelve ounces more of blood -from him; this was by six in the morning on Friday, and it gave him -relief, but it did not continue, for being now in much pain, and -struggling for breath, he lay dozing, and, after some conflicts, the -physicians despairing of him, he gave up the ghost at half an hour after -eleven in the morning, being the sixth of February, 1685, in the 36th -year of his reign, and 54th of his age. - -Prayers were solemnly made in all the churches, especially in both the -Court Chapels, where the chaplains relieved one another every half -quarter of an hour from the time he began to be in danger till he -expired, according to the form prescribed in the Church offices. Those -who assisted his Majesty's devotions were, the Archbishop of Canterbury, -the Bishops of London, Durham, and Ely, but more especially Dr. Ken, the -Bishop of Bath and Wells.[55] It is said they exceedingly urged the -receiving Holy Sacrament, but his Majesty told them he would consider of -it, which he did so long till it was too late. Others whispered that the -Bishops and Lords, except the Earls of Bath and Feversham, being ordered -to withdraw the night before, Huddleston, the priest, had presumed to -administer the Popish offices. He gave his breeches and keys to the Duke -who was almost continually kneeling by his bedside, and in tears. He -also recommended to him the care of his natural children, all except the -Duke of Monmouth, now in Holland, and in his displeasure. He entreated -the Queen to pardon him (not without cause); who a little before had -sent a Bishop to excuse her not more frequently visiting him, in regard -of her excessive grief, and withal that his Majesty would forgive it if -at any time she had offended him. He spoke to the Duke to be kind to the -Duchess of Cleveland, and especially Portsmouth, and that Nelly might -not starve. - - [Footnote 55: The account given of this by Charles's brother and - successor, is, that when the King's life was wholly despaired of, - and it was time to prepare for another world, two Bishops came to do - their function, who reading the prayers appointed in the Common - Prayer Book on that occasion, when they came to the place where - usually they exhort a sick person to make a confession of his sins, - the Bishop of Bath and Wells, who was one of them, advertised him, - IT WAS NOT OF OBLIGATION; and after a short exhortation, asked him - if he was sorry for his sins? which the King saying he was, the - Bishop pronounced the absolution, and then, asked him if he pleased - to receive the Sacrament? to which the King made no reply; and being - pressed by the Bishop several times, gave no other answer but that - it was time enough, or that he would think of it. - - King James adds, that he stood all the while by the bedside, and - seeing the King would not receive the Sacrament from them, and - knowing his sentiments, he desired the company to stand a little - from the bed, and then asked the King whether he should send for a - priest, to which the King replied: "For God's sake, brother, do, and - lose no time." The Duke said he would bring one to him; but none - could be found except Father Huddleston, who had been so assistant - in the King's escape from Worcester; he was brought up a back - staircase, and the company were desired to withdraw, but he (the - Duke of York) not thinking fit that he should be left alone with the - King, desired the Earl of Bath, a Lord of the Bedchamber, and the - Earl of Feversham, Captain of the Guard, should stay; the rest being - gone, Father Huddleston was introduced, and administered the - Sacrament.--"Life of James II."] - -Thus died King Charles II., of a vigorous and robust constitution, and -in all appearance promising a long life. He was a prince of many -virtues, and many great imperfections; debonair, easy of access, not -bloody nor cruel; his countenance fierce, his voice great, proper of -person, every motion became him; a lover of the sea, and skillful in -shipping; not affecting other studies, yet he had a laboratory, and knew -of many empirical medicines, and the easier mechanical mathematics; he -loved planting and building, and brought in a politer way of living, -which passed to luxury and intolerable expense. He had a particular -talent in telling a story, and facetious passages, of which he had -innumerable; this made some buffoons and vicious wretches too -presumptuous and familiar, not worthy the favor they abused. He took -delight in having a number of little spaniels follow him and lie in his -bedchamber, where he often suffered the bitches to puppy and give suck, -which rendered it very offensive, and indeed made the whole court nasty -and stinking. He would doubtless have been an excellent prince, had he -been less addicted to women, who made him uneasy, and always in want to -supply their immeasurable profusion, to the detriment of many indigent -persons who had signally served both him and his father. He frequently -and easily changed favorites to his great prejudice. - -As to other public transactions, and unhappy miscarriages, 'tis not -here I intend to number them; but certainly never had King more glorious -opportunities to have made himself, his people, and all Europe happy, -and prevented innumerable mischiefs, had not his too easy nature -resigned him to be managed by crafty men, and some abandoned and profane -wretches who corrupted his otherwise sufficient parts, disciplined as he -had been by many afflictions during his banishment, which gave him much -experience and knowledge of men and things; but those wicked creatures -took him from off all application becoming so great a King. The history -of his reign will certainly be the most wonderful for the variety of -matter and accidents, above any extant in former ages: the sad tragical -death of his father, his banishment and hardships, his miraculous -restoration, conspiracies against him, parliaments, wars, plagues, -fires, comets, revolutions abroad happening in his time, with a thousand -other particulars. He was ever kind to me, and very gracious upon all -occasions, and therefore I cannot without ingratitude but deplore his -loss, which for many respects, as well as duty, I do with all my soul. - -His Majesty being dead, the Duke, now King James II., went immediately -to Council, and before entering into any business, passionately -declaring his sorrow, told their Lordships, that since the succession -had fallen to him, he would endeavor to follow the example of his -predecessor in his clemency and tenderness to his people; that, however -he had been misrepresented as affecting arbitrary power, they should -find the contrary; for that the laws of England had made the King as -great a monarch as he could desire; that he would endeavor to maintain -the Government both in Church and State, as by law established, its -principles being so firm for monarchy, and the members of it showing -themselves so good and loyal subjects;[56] and that, as he would never -depart from the just rights and prerogatives of the Crown, so he would -never invade any man's property; but as he had often adventured his life -in defense of the nation, so he would still proceed, and preserve it in -all its lawful rights and liberties. - - [Footnote 56: This is the substance (and very nearly the words - employed) of what is stated by King James II. in the MS. printed in - his life; but in that MS. are some words which Evelyn has omitted. - For example, after speaking of the members of the Church of England - as good and loyal subjects, the King adds, "AND THEREFORE I SHALL - ALWAYS TAKE CARE TO DEFEND AND SUPPORT IT." James then goes on to - say, that being desired by some present to allow copies to be taken, - he said he had not committed it to writing; on which Mr. Finch (then - Solicitor-General and afterward Earl of Aylesford) replied, that - what his Majesty had said had made so deep an impression on him, - that he believed he could repeat the very words, and if his Majesty - would permit him, he would write them down, which the King agreeing - to, he went to a table and wrote them down, and this being shown to - the King, he approved of it, and it was immediately published. The - King afterward proceeds to say: "No one can wonder that Mr. Finch - should word the speech as strong as he could in favor of the - Established Religion, nor that the King in such a hurry should pass - it over without reflection; for though his Majesty intended to - promise both security to their religion and protection to their - persons, he was afterward convinced it had been better expressed by - assuring them he never would endeavor to alter the Established - Religion, than that he would endeavor to preserve it, and that he - would rather support and defend the professors of it, than the - religion itself; they could not expect he should make a conscience - of supporting what in his conscience he thought erroneous: his - engaging not to molest the professors of it, nor to deprive them or - their successors of any spiritual dignity, revenue, or employment, - but to suffer the ecclesiastical affairs to go on in the track they - were in, was all they could wish or desire from a Prince of a - different persuasion; but having once approved that way of - expressing it which Mr. Finch had made choice of, he thought it - necessary not to vary from it in the declarations or speeches he - made afterward, not doubting but the world would understand it in - the meaning he intended.----'Tis true, afterward IT WAS pretended - he kept not up to this engagement; but had they deviated no further - from the duty and allegience which both nature and repeated oath - obliged them to, THAN HE DID FROM HIS WORD, they had still remained - as happy a people as they really were during his short reign in - England."--"Life of James II.," ii. 435. The words printed in small - caps in this extract are from the interlineations of the son of King - James II.] - -This being the substance of what he said, the Lords desired it might be -published, as containing matter of great satisfaction to a jealous -people upon this change, which his Majesty consented to. Then were the -Council sworn, and a Proclamation ordered to be published that all -officers should continue in their stations, that there might be no -failure of public justice, till his further pleasure should be known. -Then the King rose, the Lords accompanying him to his bedchamber, where, -while he reposed himself, tired indeed as he was with grief and -watching, they returned again into the Council chamber to take order for -the PROCLAIMING his Majesty, which (after some debate) they consented -should be in the very form his grandfather, King James I., was, after -the death of Queen Elizabeth; as likewise that the Lords, etc., should -proceed in their coaches through the city for the more solemnity of it. -Upon this was I, and several other gentlemen waiting in the Privy -gallery, admitted into the Council chamber to be witness of what was -resolved on. Thence with the Lords, Lord Marshal and Heralds, and other -Crown officers being ready, we first went to Whitehall gate, where the -Lords stood on foot bareheaded, while the Herald proclaimed his -Majesty's title to the Imperial Crown and succession according to the -form, the trumpets and kettledrums having first sounded three times, -which ended with the people's acclamations. Then a herald called the -Lords' coaches according to rank, myself accompanying the solemnity in -my Lord Cornwallis's coach, first to Temple Bar, where the Lord Mayor -and his brethren met us on horseback, in all their formalities, and -proclaimed the King; hence to the Exchange in Cornhill, and so we -returned in the order we set forth. Being come to Whitehall, we all went -and kissed the King and Queen's hands. He had been on the bed, but was -now risen and in his undress. The Queen was in bed in her apartment, but -put forth her hand, seeming to be much afflicted, as I believe she was, -having deported herself so decently upon all occasions since she came -into England, which made her universally beloved. - -Thus concluded this sad and not joyful day. - -I can never forget the inexpressible luxury and profaneness, gaming, and -all dissoluteness, and as it were total forgetfulness of God (it being -Sunday evening), which this day se'nnight I was witness of, the King -sitting and toying with his concubines, Portsmouth, Cleveland, and -Mazarin, etc., a French boy singing love songs[57] in that glorious -gallery, while about twenty of the great courtiers and other dissolute -persons were at Basset round a large table, a bank of at least 2,000 in -gold before them; upon which two gentlemen, who were with me, made -reflections with astonishment. Six days after, was all in the dust. - - [Footnote 57: _Ante_, p. 204.] - -It was enjoined that those who put on mourning should wear it as for a -father, in the most solemn manner. - -10th February, 1685. Being sent to by the Sheriff of the County to -appear and assist in proclaiming the King, I went the next day to -Bromley, where I met the Sheriff and the Commander of the Kentish Troop, -with an appearance, I suppose, of about 500 horse, and innumerable -people, two of his Majesty's trumpets, and a Sergeant with other -officers, who having drawn up the horse in a large field near the town, -marched thence, with swords drawn, to the market place, where, making a -ring, after sound of trumpets and silence made, the High Sheriff read -the proclaiming titles to his bailiff, who repeated them aloud, and -then, after many shouts of the people, his Majesty's health being drunk -in a flint glass of a yard long, by the Sheriff, Commander, Officers, -and chief gentlemen, they all dispersed, and I returned. - -13th February, 1685. I passed a fine on selling of Honson Grange in -Staffordshire, being about £20 per annum, which lying so great a -distance, I thought fit to part with it to one Burton, a farmer there. -It came to me as part of my daughter-in-law's portion, this being but a -fourth part of what was divided between the mother and three sisters. - -14th February, 1685. The King was this night very obscurely buried in a -vault under Henry VII.'s Chapel at Westminster, without any manner of -pomp, and soon forgotten after all this vanity, and the face of the -whole Court was exceedingly changed into a more solemn and moral -behavior; the new King affecting neither profaneness nor buffoonery. All -the great officers broke their staves over the grave, according to form. - -15th February, 1685. Dr. Tenison preached to the household. The second -sermon should have been before the King; but he, to the great grief of -his subjects, did now, for the first time, go to mass publicly in the -little Oratory at the Duke's lodgings, the doors being set wide open. - -16th February, 1685. I dined at Sir Robert Howard's, auditor of the -exchequer, a gentleman pretending to all manner of arts and sciences, -for which he had been the subject of comedy, under the name of Sir -Positive; not ill-natured, but insufferably boasting. He was son to the -late Earl of Berkshire. - -17th February, 1685. This morning his Majesty restored the staff and key -to Lord Arlington, Chamberlain; to Mr. Savell, Vice-chamberlain; to -Lords Newport and Maynard, Treasurer and Comptroller of the household. -Lord Godolphin made Chamberlain to the Queen; Lord Peterborough groom of -the stole, in place of the Earl of Bath; the Treasurer's staff to the -Earl of Rochester; and his brother, the Earl of Clarendon, Lord Privy -Seal, in the place of the Marquis of Halifax, who was made President of -the Council; the Secretaries of State remaining as before. - -19th February, 1685. The Lord Treasurer and the other new officers were -sworn at the Chancery Bar and the exchequer. - -The late King having the revenue of excise, customs, and other late -duties granted for his life only, they were now farmed and let to -several persons, upon an opinion that the late King might let them for -three years after his decease; some of the old commissioners refused to -act. The lease was made but the day before the King died;[58] the major -part of the Judges (but, as some think, not the best lawyers), -pronounced it legal, but four dissented. - - [Footnote 58: James, in his Life, makes no mention of this lease, - but only says HE continued to collect them, which conduct was not - blamed; but, on the contrary, he was thanked for it, in an address - from the Middle Temple, penned by Sir Bartholomew Shore, and - presented by Sir Humphrey Mackworth, carrying great authority with - it; nor did the Parliament find fault.] - -The clerk of the closet had shut up the late King's private oratory next -the Privy-chamber above, but the King caused it to be opened again, and -that prayers should be said as formerly. - -22d February, 1685. Several most useful tracts against Dissenters, -Papists and Fanatics, and resolutions of cases were now published by the -London divines. - -[Sidenote: LONDON] - -4th March, 1685. ASH WEDNESDAY. After evening prayers, I went to London. - -5th March, 1685. To my grief, I saw the new pulpit set up in the Popish -Oratory at Whitehall for the Lent preaching, mass being publicly said, -and the Romanists swarming at Court with greater confidence than had -ever been seen in England since the Reformation, so that everybody grew -jealous as to what this would tend. - -A Parliament was now summoned, and great industry used to obtain -elections which might promote the Court interest, most of the -corporations being now, by their new charters, empowered to make what -returns of members they pleased. - -There came over divers envoys and great persons to condole the death of -the late King, who were received by the Queen-Dowager on a bed of -mourning, the whole chamber, ceiling and floor, hung with black, and -tapers were lighted, so as nothing could be more lugubrious and solemn. -The Queen-Consort sat under a state on a black foot-cloth, to entertain -the circle (as the Queen used to do), and that very decently. - -6th March, 1685. Lent preachers continued as formerly in the Royal -Chapel. - -7th March, 1685. My daughter, Mary, was taken with smallpox, and there -soon was found no hope of her recovery. A great affliction to me: but -God's holy will be done! - -10th March, 1685. She received the blessed sacrament; after which, -disposing herself to suffer what God should determine to inflict, she -bore the remainder of her sickness with extraordinary patience and -piety, and more than ordinary resignation and blessed frame of mind. She -died the 14th, to our unspeakable sorrow and affliction, and not to -our's only, but that of all who knew her, who were many of the best -quality, greatest and most virtuous persons. The justness of her -stature, person, comeliness of countenance, gracefulness of motion, -unaffected, though more than ordinarily beautiful, were the least of her -ornaments compared with those of her mind. Of early piety, singularly -religious, spending a part of every day in private devotion, reading, -and other virtuous exercises; she had collected and written out many of -the most useful and judicious periods of the books she read in a kind of -common-place, as out of Dr. Hammond on the New Testament, and most of -the best practical treatises. She had read and digested a considerable -deal of history, and of places. The French tongue was as familiar to her -as English; she understood Italian, and was able to render a laudable -account of what she read and observed, to which assisted a most faithful -memory and discernment; and she did make very prudent and discreet -reflections upon what she had observed of the conversations among which -she had at any time been, which being continually of persons of the best -quality, she thereby improved. She had an excellent voice, to which she -played a thorough-bass on the harpsichord, in both which she arrived to -that perfection, that of the scholars of those two famous masters, -Signors Pietro and Bartholomeo, she was esteemed the best; for the -sweetness of her voice and management of it added such an agreeableness -to her countenance, without any constraint or concern, that when she -sung, it was as charming to the eye as to the ear; this I rather note, -because it was a universal remark, and for which so many noble and -judicious persons in music desired to hear her, the last being at Lord -Arundel's, at Wardour. - -What shall I say, or rather not say, of the cheerfulness and -agreeableness of her humor? condescending to the meanest servant in the -family, or others, she still kept up respect, without the least pride. -She would often read to them, examine, instruct, and pray with them if -they were sick, so as she was exceedingly beloved of everybody. Piety -was so prevalent an ingredient in her constitution (as I may say), that -even among equals and superiors she no sooner became intimately -acquainted, but she would endeavor to improve them, by insinuating -something religious, and that tended to bring them to a love of -devotion; she had one or two confidants with whom she used to pass whole -days in fasting, reading, and prayers, especially before the monthly -communion, and other solemn occasions. She abhorred flattery, and, -though she had abundance of wit, the raillery was so innocent and -ingenious that it was most agreeable; she sometimes would see a play, -but since the stage grew licentious, expressed herself weary of them, -and the time spent at the theater was an unaccountable vanity. She never -played at cards without extreme importunity and for the company; but -this was so very seldom, that I cannot number it among anything she -could name a fault. - -No one could read prose or verse better or with more judgment; and as -she read, so she wrote, not only most correct orthography, with that -maturity of judgment and exactness of the periods, choice of -expressions, and familiarity of style, that some letters of hers have -astonished me and others, to whom she has occasionally written. She had -a talent of rehearsing any comical part or poem, as to them she might be -decently free with; was more pleasing than heard on the theater; she -danced with the greatest grace I had ever seen, and so would her master -say, who was Monsieur Isaac; but she seldom showed that perfection, save -in the gracefulness of her carriage, which was with an air of sprightly -modesty not easily to be described. Nothing affected, but natural and -easy as well in her deportment as in her discourse, which was always -material, not trifling, and to which the extraordinary sweetness of her -tone, even in familiar speaking, was very charming. Nothing was so -pretty as her descending to play with little children, whom she would -caress and humor with great delight. But she most affected to be with -grave and sober men, of whom she might learn something, and improve -herself. I have been assisted by her in reading and praying by me; -comprehensive of uncommon notions, curious of knowing everything to some -excess, had I not sometimes repressed it. - -Nothing was so delightful to her as to go into my Study, where she would -willingly have spent whole days, for as I said she had read abundance of -history, and all the best poets, even Terence, Plautus, Homer, Virgil, -Horace, Ovid; all the best romancers and modern poems; she could compose -happily and put in pretty symbols, as in the "_Mundus Muliebris_," -wherein is an enumeration of the immense variety of the modes and -ornaments belonging to the sex. But all these are vain trifles to the -virtues which adorned her soul; she was sincerely religious, most -dutiful to her parents, whom she loved with an affection tempered with -great esteem, so as we were easy and free, and never were so well -pleased as when she was with us, nor needed we other conversation; she -was kind to her sisters, and was still improving them by her constant -course of piety. Oh, dear, sweet, and desirable child, how shall I part -with all this goodness and virtue without the bitterness of sorrow and -reluctancy of a tender parent! Thy affection, duty and love to me was -that of a friend as well as a child. Nor less dear to thy mother, whose -example and tender care of thee was unparalleled, nor was thy return to -her less conspicuous. Oh! how she mourns thy loss! how desolate hast -thou left us! To the grave shall we both carry thy memory! God alone (in -whose bosom thou art at rest and happy!) give us to resign thee and all -our contentments (for thou indeed wert all in this world) to his blessed -pleasure! Let him be glorified by our submission, and give us grace to -bless him for the graces he implanted in thee, thy virtuous life, pious -and holy death, which is indeed the only comfort of our souls, hastening -through the infinite love and mercy of the Lord Jesus to be shortly with -thee, dear child, and with thee and those blessed saints like thee, -glorify the Redeemer of the world to all eternity! Amen. - -It was in the 19th year of her age that this sickness happened to her. -An accident contributed to this disease; she had an apprehension of it -in particular, which struck her but two days before she came home, by an -imprudent gentlewoman whom she went with Lady Falkland to visit, who, -after they had been a good while in the house, told them she has a -servant sick of the smallpox (who indeed died the next day): this my -poor child acknowledged made an impression on her spirits. There were -four gentlemen of quality offering to treat with me about marriage, and -I freely gave her her own choice, knowing her discretion. She showed -great indifference to marrying at all, for truly, says she to her mother -(the other day), were I assured of your life and my dear father's, never -would I part from you; I love you and this home, where we serve God, -above all things, nor ever shall I be so happy; I know and consider the -vicissitudes of the world, I have some experience of its vanities, and -but for decency more than inclination, and that you judge it expedient -for me, I would not change my condition, but rather add the fortune you -design me to my sisters, and keep up the reputation of our family. This -was so discreetly and sincerely uttered that it could not but proceed -from an extraordinary child, and one who loved her parents beyond -example. - -At London, she took this fatal disease, and the occasion of her being -there was this: my Lord Viscount Falkland's Lady having been our -neighbor (as he was Treasurer of the Navy), she took so great an -affection to my daughter, that when they went back in the autumn to the -city, nothing would satisfy their incessant importunity but letting her -accompany my Lady, and staying some time with her; it was with the -greatest reluctance I complied. While she was there, my Lord being -musical, when I saw my Lady would not part with her till Christmas, I -was not unwilling she should improve the opportunity of learning of -Signor Pietro, who had an admirable way both of composure and teaching. -It was the end of February before I could prevail with my Lady to part -with her; but my Lord going into Oxfordshire to stand for Knight of the -Shire there, she expressed her wish to come home, being tired of the -vain and empty conversation of the town, the theaters, the court, and -trifling visits which consumed so much precious time, and made her -sometimes miss of that regular course of piety that gave her the -greatest satisfaction. She was weary of this life, and I think went not -thrice to Court all this time, except when her mother or I carried her. -She did not affect showing herself, she knew the Court well, and passed -one summer in it at Windsor with Lady Tuke, one of the Queen's women of -the bedchamber (a most virtuous relation of hers); she was not fond of -that glittering scene, now become abominably licentious, though there -was a design of Lady Rochester and Lady Clarendon to have made her a -maid of honor to the Queen as soon as there was a vacancy. But this she -did not set her heart upon, nor indeed on anything so much as the -service of God, a quiet and regular life, and how she might improve -herself in the most necessary accomplishments, and to which she was -arrived at so great a measure. - -This is the little history and imperfect character of my dear child, -whose piety, virtue, and incomparable endowments deserve a monument more -durable than brass and marble. Precious is the memorial of the just. -Much I could enlarge on every period of this hasty account, but that I -ease and discharge my overcoming passion for the present, so many things -worthy an excellent Christian and dutiful child crowding upon me. Never -can I say enough, oh dear, my dear child, whose memory is so precious to -me! - -This dear child was born at Wotton, in the same house and chamber in -which I first drew my breath, my wife having retired to my brother there -in the great sickness that year upon the first of that month, and the -very hour that I was born, upon the last: viz, October. - -[Sidenote: SAYES COURT] - -16th March, 1685. She was interred in the southeast end of the church at -Deptford, near her grandmother and several of my younger children and -relations. My desire was she should have been carried and laid among my -own parents and relations at Wotton, where I desire to be interred -myself, when God shall call me out of this uncertain transitory life, -but some circumstances did not permit it. Our vicar, Dr. Holden, -preached her funeral sermon on Phil. i. 21. "For to me to live is -Christ, and to die is gain," upon which he made an apposite discourse, -as those who heard it assured me (for grief suffered me not to be -present), concluding with a modest recital of her many virtues and -signal piety, so as to draw both tears and admiration from the hearers. -I was not altogether unwilling that something of this sort should be -spoken, for the edification and encouragement of other young people. - -Divers noble persons honored her funeral, some in person, others -sending their coaches, of which there were six or seven with six horses, -viz, the Countess of Sunderland, Earl of Clarendon, Lord Godolphin, Sir -Stephen Fox, Sir William Godolphin, Viscount Falkland, and others. There -were distributed among her friends about sixty rings. - -Thus lived, died, and was buried the joy of my life, and ornament of her -sex and of my poor family! God Almighty of his infinite mercy grant me -the grace thankfully to resign myself and all I have, or had, to his -divine pleasure, and in his good time, restoring health and comfort to -my family: "teach me so to number my days, that I may apply my heart to -wisdom," be prepared for my dissolution, and that into the hands of my -blessed Savior I may recommend my spirit! Amen! - -On looking into her closet, it is incredible what a number of -collections she had made from historians, poets, travelers, etc., but, -above all, devotions, contemplations, and resolutions on these -contemplations, found under her hand in a book most methodically -disposed; prayers, meditations, and devotions on particular occasions, -with many pretty letters to her confidants; one to a divine (not named) -to whom she writes that he would be her ghostly father, and would not -despise her for her many errors and the imperfections of her youth, but -beg of God to give her courage to acquaint him with all her faults, -imploring his assistance and spiritual directions. I well remember she -had often desired me to recommend her to such a person; but I did not -think fit to do it as yet, seeing her apt to be scrupulous, and knowing -the great innocency and integrity of her life. - -It is astonishing how one who had acquired such substantial and -practical knowledge in other ornamental parts of education, especially -music, both vocal and instrumental, in dancing, paying and receiving -visits, and necessary conversation, could accomplish half of what she -has left; but, as she never affected play or cards, which consume a -world of precious time, so she was in continual exercise, which yet -abated nothing of her most agreeable conversation. But she was a little -miracle while she lived, and so she died! - -26th March, 1685. I was invited to the funeral of Captain Gunman, that -excellent pilot and seaman, who had behaved himself so gallantly in the -Dutch war. He died of a gangrene, occasioned by his fall from the pier -of Calais. This was the Captain of the yacht carrying the Duke (now -King) to Scotland, and was accused for not giving timely warning when -she split on the sands, where so many perished; but I am most confident -he was no ways guilty, either of negligence, or design, as he made -appear not only at the examination of the matter of fact, but in the -vindication he showed me, and which must needs give any man of reason -satisfaction. He was a sober, frugal, cheerful, and temperate man; we -have few such seamen left. - -8th April, 1685. Being now somewhat composed after my great affliction, -I went to London to hear Dr. Tenison (it being on a Wednesday in Lent) -at Whitehall. I observed that though the King was not in his seat above -in the chapel, the Doctor made his three congees, which they were not -used to do when the late King was absent, making then one bowing only. I -asked the reason; it was said he had a special order so to do. The -Princess of Denmark was in the King's closet, but sat on the left hand -of the chair, the Clerk of the Closet standing by his Majesty's chair, -as if he had been present. - -I met the Queen Dowager going now first from Whitehall to dwell at -Somerset House. - -This day my brother of Wotton and Mr. Onslow were candidates for Surrey -against Sir Adam Brown and my cousin, Sir Edward Evelyn, and were -circumvented in their election by a trick of the Sheriff's, taking -advantage of my brother's party going out of the small village of -Leatherhead to seek shelter and lodging, the afternoon being -tempestuous, proceeding to the election when they were gone; they -expecting the next morning; whereas before and then they exceeded the -other party by many hundreds, as I am assured. The Duke of Norfolk led -Sir Edward Evelyn's and Sir Adam Brown's party. For this Parliament, -very mean and slight persons (some of them gentlemen's servants, clerks, -and persons neither of reputation nor interest) were set up; but the -country would choose my brother whether he would or no, and he missed it -by the trick above mentioned. Sir Adam Brown was so deaf, that he could -not hear one word. Sir Edward Evelyn was an honest gentleman, much in -favor with his Majesty. - -[Sidenote: LONDON] - -10th April, 1685. I went early to Whitehall to hear Dr. Tillotson, Dean -of Canterbury, preaching on Eccles. ix. 18. I returned in the evening, -and visited Lady Tuke, and found with her Sir George Wakeman, the -physician, whom I had seen tried and acquitted, among the plotters for -poisoning the late King, on the accusation of the famous Oates; and -surely I believed him guiltless. - -14th April, 1685. According to my custom, I went to London to pass the -holy week. - -17th April, 1685. GOOD FRIDAY. Dr. Tenison preached at the new church at -St. James, on 1 Cor. xvi. 22, upon the infinite love of God to us, which -he illustrated in many instances. The Holy Sacrament followed, at which -I participated. The Lord make me thankful! In the afternoon, Dr. Sprat, -Bishop of Rochester, preached in Whitehall chapel, the auditory very -full of Lords, the two Archbishops, and many others, now drawn to town -upon occasion of the coronation and ensuing Parliament. I supped with -the Countess of Sunderland and Lord Godolphin, and returned home. - -23d April, 1685. Was the coronation of the King and Queen. The solemnity -was magnificent as is set forth in print. The Bishop of Ely preached; -but, to the sorrow of the people, no Sacrament, as ought to have been. -However, the King begins his reign with great expectations, and hopes of -much reformation as to the late vices and profaneness of both Court and -country. Having been present at the late King's coronation, I was not -ambitious of seeing this ceremony. - -3d May, 1685. A young man preached, going chaplain with Sir J. Wiburn, -Governor of Bombay, in the East Indies. - -7th May, 1685. I was in Westminster Hall when Oates, who had made such -a stir in the kingdom, on his revealing a plot of the Papists, and -alarmed several Parliaments, and had occasioned the execution of divers -priests, noblemen, etc., was tried for perjury at the King's bench; but, -being very tedious, I did not endeavor to see the issue, considering -that it would be published. Abundance of Roman Catholics were in the -hall in expectation of the most grateful conviction and ruin of a person -who had been so obnoxious to them, and as I verily believe, had done -much mischief and great injury to several by his violent and -ill-grounded proceedings; while he was at first so unreasonably blown up -and encouraged, that his insolence was no longer sufferable. - -Mr. Roger L'Estrange (a gentleman whom I had long known, and a person of -excellent parts, abating some affectations) appearing first against the -Dissenters in several tracts, had now for some years turned his style -against those whom (by way of hateful distinction) they called Whigs and -Trimmers, under the title of "Observator," which came out three or four -days every week, in which sheets, under pretense to serve the Church of -England, he gave suspicion of gratifying another party, by several -passages which rather kept up animosities than appeased them, especially -now that nobody gave the least occasion.[59] - - [Footnote 59: In the first Dutch war, while Evelyn was one of the - Commissioners for sick and wounded, L'Estrange in his "Gazette" - mentioned the barbarous usage of the Dutch prisoners of war: - whereupon Evelyn wrote him a very spirited letter, desiring that the - Dutch Ambassador (who was then in England) and his friends would - visit the prisoners, and examine their provisions; and he required - L'Estrange to publish that vindication in his next number.] - -10th May, 1685. The Scots valuing themselves exceedingly to have been -the first Parliament called by his Majesty, gave the excise and customs -to him and his successors forever; the Duke of Queensberry making -eloquent speeches, and especially minding them of a speedy suppression -of those late desperate Field-Conventiclers who had done such unheard of -assassinations. In the meantime, elections for the ensuing Parliament in -England were thought to be very indirectly carried on in most places. -God grant a better issue of it than some expect! - -16th May, 1685. Oates was sentenced to be whipped and pilloried with the -utmost severity. - -21st May, 1685. I dined at my Lord Privy Seal's with Sir William -Dugdale, Garter King-at-Arms, author of the "MONASTICON" and other -learned works; he told me he was 82 years of age, and had his sight and -memory perfect. There was shown a draft of the exact shape and -dimensions of the crown the Queen had been crowned withal, together with -the jewels and pearls, their weight and value, which amounted to -£100,658 sterling, attested at the foot of the paper by the jeweler and -goldsmith who set them. - -22d May, 1685. In the morning, I went with a French gentleman, and my -Lord Privy Seal to the House of Lords, where we were placed by his -Lordship next the bar, just below the bishops, very commodiously both -for hearing and seeing. After a short space, came in the Queen and -Princess of Denmark, and stood next above the archbishops, at the side -of the House on the right hand of the throne. In the interim, divers of -the Lords, who had not finished before, took the test and usual oaths, -so that her Majesty, the Spanish and other Ambassadors, who stood behind -the throne, heard the Pope and the worship of the Virgin Mary, etc., -renounced very decently, as likewise the prayers which followed, -standing all the while. Then came in the King, the crown on his head, -and being seated, the Commons were introduced, and the House being full, -he drew forth a paper containing his speech, which he read distinctly -enough, to this effect: "That he resolved to call a Parliament from the -moment of his brother's decease, as the best means to settle all the -concerns of the nation, so as to be most easy and happy to himself and -his subjects; that he would confirm whatever he had said in his -declaration at the first Council concerning his opinion of the -principles of the Church of England, for their loyalty, and would defend -and support it, and preserve its government as by law now established; -that, as he would invade no man's property, so he would never depart -from his own prerogative; and, as he had ventured his life in defense of -the nation, so he would proceed to do still; that, having given this -assurance of his care of our religion (his word was YOUR religion) and -property (which he had not said by chance, but solemnly), so he doubted -not of suitable returns of his subjects' duty and kindness, especially -as to settling his revenue for life, for the many weighty necessities of -government, which he would not suffer to be precarious; that some might -possibly suggest that it were better to feed and supply him from time to -time only, out of their inclination to frequent Parliaments; but that -that would be a very improper method to take with him, since the best -way to engage him to meet oftener would be always to use him well, and -therefore he expected their compliance speedily, that this session being -but short, they might meet again to satisfaction." - -At every period of this, the House gave loud shouts. Then he acquainted -them with that morning's news of Argyle's being landed in the West -Highlands of Scotland from Holland, and the treasonous declaration he -had published, which he would communicate to them, and that he should -take the best care he could it should meet with the reward it deserved, -not questioning the Parliament's zeal and readiness to assist him as he -desired; at which there followed another "_Vive le Roi_," and so his -Majesty retired. - -So soon as the Commons were returned and had put themselves into a grand -committee, they immediately put the question, and unanimously voted the -revenue to his Majesty for life. Mr. Seymour made a bold speech against -many elections, and would have had those members who (he pretended) were -obnoxious, to withdraw, till they had cleared the matter of their being -legally returned; but no one seconded him. The truth is, there were many -of the new members whose elections and returns were universally -censured, many of them being persons of no condition, or interest, in -the nation, or places for which they served, especially in Devon, -Cornwall, Norfolk, etc., said to have been recommended by the Court, and -from the effect of the new charters changing the electors. It was -reported that Lord Bath carried down with him [into Cornwall] no fewer -than fifteen charters, so that some called him the Prince Elector: -whence Seymour told the House in his speech that if this was digested, -they might introduce what religion and laws they pleased, and that -though he never gave heed to the fears and jealousies of the people -before, he was now really apprehensive of Popery. By the printed list of -members of 505, there did not appear to be above 135 who had been in -former Parliaments, especially that lately held at Oxford. - -In the Lords' House, Lord Newport made an exception against two or three -young Peers, who wanted some months, and some only four or five days, of -being of age. - -The Popish Lords, who had been sometime before released from their -confinement about the plot, were now discharged of their impeachment, of -which I gave Lord Arundel of Wardour joy. - -Oates, who had but two days before been pilloried at several places and -whipped at the cart's tail from Newgate to Aldgate, was this day placed -on a sledge, being not able to go by reason of so late scourging, and -dragged from prison to Tyburn, and whipped again all the way, which some -thought to be severe and extraordinary; but, if he was guilty of the -perjuries, and so of the death of many innocents (as I fear he was), his -punishment was but what he deserved. I chanced to pass just as execution -was doing on him. A strange revolution! - -Note: there was no speech made by the Lord Keeper [Bridgman] after his -Majesty, as usual. - -It was whispered he would not be long in that situation, and many -believe the bold Chief Justice Jefferies, who was made Baron of Wem, in -Shropshire, and who went thorough stitch in that tribunal, stands fair -for that office. I gave him joy the morning before of his new honor, he -having always been very civil to me. - -24th May, 1685. We had hitherto not any rain for many months, so as the -caterpillars had already devoured all the winter fruit through the whole -land, and even killed several greater old trees. Such two winters and -summers I had never known. - -4th June, 1685. Came to visit and take leave of me Sir Gabriel Sylvius, -now going Envoy-extraordinary into Denmark, with his secretary and -chaplain, a Frenchman, who related the miserable persecution of the -Protestants in France; not above ten churches left them, and those also -threatened to be demolished; they were commanded to christen their -children within twenty-four hours after birth, or else a Popish priest -was to be called, and then the infant brought up in Popery. In some -places, they were thirty leagues from any minister, or opportunity of -worship. This persecution had displeased the most industrious part of -the nation, and dispersed those into Switzerland, Burgundy, Holland, -Germany, Denmark, England, and the Plantations. There were with Sir -Gabriel, his lady, Sir William Godolphin and sisters, and my Lord -Godolphin's little son, my charge. I brought them to the water side -where Sir Gabriel embarked, and the rest returned to London. - -14th June, 1685. There was now certain intelligence of the Duke of -Monmouth landing at Lyme, in Dorsetshire, and of his having set up his -standard as King of England. I pray God deliver us from the confusion -which these beginnings threaten! - -Such a dearth for want of rain was never in my memory. - -17th June, 1685. The Duke landed with but 150 men; but the whole kingdom -was alarmed, fearing that the disaffected would join them, many of the -trained bands flocking to him. At his landing, he published a -Declaration, charging his Majesty with usurpation and several horrid -crimes, on pretense of his own title, and offering to call a free -Parliament. This declaration was ordered to be burnt by the hangman, the -Duke proclaimed a traitor, and a reward of £5,000 to any who should kill -him. - -At this time, the words engraved on the monument in London, intimating -that the Papists fired the city, were erased and cut out. - -The exceeding drought still continues. - -18th June, 1685. I received a warrant to send out a horse with twelve -days' provisions, etc. - -28th June, 1685. We had now plentiful rain after two years' excessive -drought and severe winters. - -Argyle taken in Scotland, and executed, and his party dispersed. - -2d July, 1685. No considerable account of the troops sent against the -Duke, though great forces sent. There was a smart skirmish; but he would -not be provoked to come to an encounter, but still kept in the -fastnesses. - -Dangerfield whipped, like Oates, for perjury. - -8th July, 1685. Came news of Monmouth's utter defeat, and the next day -of his being taken by Sir William Portman and Lord Lumley with the -militia of their counties. It seems the Horse, commanded by Lord Grey, -being newly raised and undisciplined, were not to be brought in so short -a time to endure the fire, which exposed the Foot to the King's, so as -when Monmouth had led the Foot in great silence and order, thinking to -surprise Lieutenant-General Lord Feversham newly encamped, and given him -a smart charge, interchanging both great and small shot, the Horse, -breaking their own ranks, Monmouth gave it over, and fled with Grey, -leaving their party to be cut in pieces to the number of 2,000. The -whole number reported to be above 8,000; the King's but 2,700. The slain -were most of them MENDIP-MINERS, who did great execution with their -tools, and sold their lives very dearly, while their leaders flying were -pursued and taken the next morning, not far from one another. Monmouth -had gone sixteen miles on foot, changing his habit for a poor coat, and -was found by Lord Lumley in a dry ditch covered with fern-brakes, but -without sword, pistol, or any weapon, and so might have passed for some -countryman, his beard being grown so long and so gray as hardly to be -known, had not his George discovered him, which was found in his pocket. -It is said he trembled exceedingly all over, not able to speak. Grey was -taken not far from him. Most of his party were Anabaptists and poor -cloth workers of the country, no gentlemen of account being come in to -him. The arch-_boutefeu_, Ferguson, Matthews, etc., were not yet found. -The £5,000 to be given to whoever should bring Monmouth in, was to be -distributed among the militia by agreement between Sir William Portman -and Lord Lumley. The battle ended, some words, first in jest, then in -passion, passed between Sherrington Talbot (a worthy gentleman, son to -Sir John Talbot, and who had behaved himself very handsomely) and one -Captain Love, both commanders of the militia, as to whose soldiers -fought best, both drawing their swords and passing at one another. -Sherrington was wounded to death on the spot, to the great regret of -those who knew him. He was Sir John's only son. - -[Sidenote: LONDON] - -9th July, 1685. Just as I was coming into the lodgings at Whitehall, a -little before dinner, my Lord of Devonshire standing very near his -Majesty's bedchamber door in the lobby, came Colonel Culpeper, and in a -rude manner looking at my Lord in the face, asked whether this was a -time and place for excluders to appear; my Lord at first took little -notice of what he said, knowing him to be a hotheaded fellow, but he -reiterating it, my Lord asked Culpeper whether he meant him; he said -yes, he meant his Lordship. My Lord told him he was no excluder (as -indeed he was not); the other affirming it again, my Lord told him he -lied; on which Culpeper struck him a box on the ear, which my Lord -returned, and felled him. They were soon parted, Culpeper was seized, -and his Majesty, who was all the while in his bedchamber, ordered him to -be carried to the Greencloth officer, who sent him to the Marshalsea, as -he deserved. My Lord Devon had nothing said to him. - -I supped this night at Lambeth at my old friend's Mr. Elias Ashmole's, -with my Lady Clarendon, the Bishop of St. Asaph, and Dr. Tenison, when -we were treated at a great feast. - -10th July, 1685. The Count of Castel Mellor, that great favorite and -prime minister of Alphonso, late King of Portugal, after several years' -banishment, being now received to grace and called home by Don Pedro, -the present King, as having been found a person of the greatest -integrity after all his sufferings, desired me to spend part of this day -with him, and assist him in a collection of books and other curiosities, -which he would carry with him into Portugal. - -Mr. Hussey, a young gentleman who made love to my late dear child, but -whom she could not bring herself to answer in affection, died now of the -same cruel disease, for which I was extremely sorry, because he never -enjoyed himself after my daughter's decease, nor was I averse to the -match, could she have overcome her disinclination. - -[Sidenote: LONDON] - -15th July, 1685. I went to see Dr. Tenison's library [in St. Martin's]. - -Monmouth was this day brought to London and examined before the King, -to whom he made great submission, acknowledged his seduction by -Ferguson, the Scot, whom he named the bloody villain. He was sent to the -Tower, had an interview with his late Duchess, whom he received coldly, -having lived dishonestly with the Lady Henrietta Wentworth for two -years. He obstinately asserted his conversation with that debauched -woman to be no sin; whereupon, seeing he could not be persuaded to his -last breath, the divines who were sent to assist him thought not fit to -administer the Holy Communion to him. For the rest of his faults he -professed great sorrow, and so died without any apparent fear. He would -not make use of a cap or other circumstance, but lying down, bid the -fellow to do his office better than to the late Lord Russell, and gave -him gold; but the wretch made five chops before he had his head off; -which so incensed the people, that had he not been guarded and got away, -they would have torn him to pieces. - -The Duke made no speech on the scaffold (which was on Tower Hill), but -gave a paper containing not above five or six lines, for the King, in -which he disclaims all title to the Crown, acknowledges that the late -King, his father, had indeed told him he was but his base son, and so -desired his Majesty to be kind to his wife and children. This relation I -had from Dr. Tenison (Rector of St. Martin's), who, with the Bishops of -Ely and Bath and Wells, were sent to him by his Majesty, and were at the -execution. - -Thus ended this quondam Duke, darling of his father and the ladies, -being extremely handsome and adroit, an excellent soldier and dancer, a -favorite of the people, of an easy nature, debauched by lust; seduced by -crafty knaves, who would have set him up only to make a property, and -taken the opportunity of the King being of another religion, to gather a -party of discontented men. He failed and perished. - -He was a lovely person, had a virtuous and excellent lady that brought -him great riches, and a second dukedom in Scotland. He was Master of the -Horse, General of the King his father's army, Gentleman of the -Bedchamber, Knight of the Garter, Chancellor of Cambridge, in a word, -had accumulations without end. See what ambition and want of principles -brought him to! He was beheaded on Tuesday, 14th of July. His mother, -whose name was Barlow, daughter of some very mean creatures, was a -beautiful strumpet, whom I had often seen at Paris; she died miserably -without anything to bury her; yet this Perkin had been made to believe -that the King had married her, a monstrous and ridiculous forgery! And -to satisfy the world of the iniquity of the report, the King his father -(if his father he really was, for he most resembled one Sidney who was -familiar with his mother) publicly and most solemnly renounced it, to be -so entered in the Council Book some years since, with all the Privy -Councillors' attestation.[60] - - [Footnote 60: The "Life of James II." contains an account of the - circumstances of the Duke of Monmouth's birth, which may be given in - illustration of the statements of the text. Ross, tutor to the Duke - of Monmouth, is there said to have proposed to Bishop Cosins to sign - a certificate of the King's marriage to Mrs. Barlow, though her own - name was Walters: but this the Bishop refused. She was born of a - gentleman's family in Wales, but having little means and less grace, - came to London to make her fortune. Algernon Sydney, then a Colonel - in Cromwell's army, had agreed to give her fifty broad pieces (as he - told the Duke of York); but being ordered hastily away with his - regiment, he missed his bargain. She went into Holland, where she - fell into the hands of his brother, Colonel Robert Sydney, who kept - her for some time, till the King hearing of her, got her from him. - On which the Colonel was heard to say, Let who will have her, she is - already sped; and, after being with the King, she was so soon with - child, that the world had no cause to doubt whose child it was, and - the rather that when he grew to be a man, he very much resembled the - Colonel both in stature and countenance, even to a wart on his face. - However, the King owned the child. In the King's absence she behaved - so loosely, that on his return from his escape at Worcester he would - have no further commerce with her, and she became a common - prostitute at Paris.] - -Had it not pleased God to dissipate this attempt in the beginning, there -would in all appearance have gathered an irresistible force which would -have desperately proceeded to the ruin of the Church and Government; so -general was the discontent and expectation of the opportunity. For my -own part, I looked upon this deliverance as most signal. Such an -inundation of fanatics and men of impious principles must needs have -caused universal disorder, cruelty, injustice, rapine, sacrilege, and -confusion, an unavoidable civil war, and misery without end. Blessed be -God, the knot was happily broken, and a fair prospect of tranquillity -for the future, if we reform, be thankful, and make a right use of this -mercy! - -18th July, 1685. I went to see the muster of the six Scotch and English -regiments whom the Prince of Orange had lately sent to his Majesty out -of Holland upon this rebellion, but which were now returning, there -having been no occasion for their use. They were all excellently clad -and well disciplined, and were encamped on Blackheath with their tents: -the King and Queen came to see them exercise, and the manner of their -encampment, which was very neat and magnificent. - -By a gross mistake of the Secretary of his Majesty's Forces, it had -been ordered that they should be quartered in private houses, contrary -to an Act of Parliament, but, on my informing his Majesty timely of it, -it was prevented. - -The two horsemen which my son and myself sent into the county troops, -were now come home, after a month's being out to our great charge. - -20th July, 1685. The Trinity Company met this day, which should have -been on the Monday after Trinity, but was put off by reason of the Royal -Charter being so large, that it could not be ready before. Some -immunities were superadded. Mr. Pepys, Secretary to the Admiralty, was a -second time chosen Master. There were present the Duke of Grafton, Lord -Dartmouth, Master of the Ordnance, the Commissioners of the Navy, and -Brethren of the Corporation. We went to church, according to custom, and -then took barge to the Trinity House, in London, where we had a great -dinner, above eighty at one table. - -[Sidenote: CHELSEA] - -7th August, 1685. I went to see Mr. Watts, keeper of the Apothecaries' -garden of simples at Chelsea, where there is a collection of innumerable -rarities of that sort particularly, besides many rare annuals, the tree -bearing Jesuit's bark, which had done such wonders in quartan agues. -What was very ingenious was the subterranean heat, conveyed by a stove -under the conservatory, all vaulted with brick, so as he has the doors -and windows open in the hardest frosts, secluding only the snow. - -15th August, 1685. Came to visit us Mr. Boscawen, with my Lord -Godolphin's little son, with whose education hitherto his father had -intrusted me. - -27th August, 1685. My daughter Elizabeth died of the smallpox, soon -after having married a young man, nephew of Sir John Tippett, Surveyor -of the Navy, and one of the Commissioners. The 30th, she was buried in -the church at Deptford. Thus, in less than six months were we deprived -of two children for our unworthiness and causes best known to God, whom -I beseech from the bottom of my heart that he will give us grace to make -that right use of all these chastisements, that we may become better, -and entirely submit in all things to his infinitely wise disposal. Amen! - -3d September, 1685. Lord Clarendon (Lord Privy Seal) wrote to let me -know that the King being pleased to send him Lord-Lieutenant into -Ireland, was also pleased to nominate me one of the Commissioners to -execute the office of Privy Seal during his Lieutenancy there, it -behoving me to wait upon his Majesty to give him thanks for this great -honor. - -5th September, 1685. I accompanied his Lordship to Windsor (dining by -the way of Sir Henry Capel's at Kew), where his Majesty receiving me -with extraordinary kindness, I kissed his hand, I told him how sensible -I was of his Majesty's gracious favor to me, that I would endeavor to -serve him with all sincerity, diligence, and loyalty, not more out of my -duty than inclination. He said he doubted not of it, and was glad he had -the opportunity to show me the kindness he had for me. After this, came -abundance of great men to give me joy. - -6th September, 1685. SUNDAY. I went to prayer in the chapel, and heard -Dr. Standish. The second sermon was preached by Dr. Creighton, on 1 -Thess. iv. 11, persuading to unity and peace, and to be mindful of our -own business, according to the advice of the apostle. Then I went to -hear a Frenchman who preached before the King and Queen in that splendid -chapel next St. George's Hall. Their Majesties going to mass, I withdrew -to consider the stupendous painting of the Hall, which, both for the art -and invention, deserve the inscription in honor of the painter, Signor -Verrio. The history is Edward III. receiving the Black Prince, coming -toward him in a Roman triumph. The whole roof is the history of St. -George. The throne, the carvings, etc., are incomparable, and I think -equal to any, and in many circumstances exceeding any, I have seen -abroad. - -I dined at Lord Sunderland's, with (among others) Sir William Soames, -designed Ambassador to Constantinople. - -About 6 o'clock came Sir Dudley and his brother Roger North, and -brought the Great Seal from my Lord Keeper, who died the day before at -his house in Oxfordshire. The King went immediately to council; -everybody guessing who was most likely to succeed this great officer; -most believing it could be no other than my Lord Chief Justice -Jefferies, who had so vigorously prosecuted the late rebels, and was now -gone the Western Circuit, to punish the rest that were secured in -several counties, and was now near upon his return. I took my leave of -his Majesty, who spoke very graciously to me, and supping that night at -Sir Stephen Fox's, I promised to dine there the next day. - -15th September, 1685. I accompanied Mr. Pepys to Portsmouth, whither his -Majesty was going the first time since his coming to the Crown, to see -in what state the fortifications were. We took coach and six horses, -late after dinner, yet got to Bagshot that night. While supper was -making ready I went and made a visit to Mrs. Graham, some time maid of -honor to the Queen Dowager, now wife to James Graham, Esq., of the privy -purse to the King; her house being a walk in the forest, within a little -quarter of a mile from Bagshot town. Very importunate she was that I -would sup, and abide there that night; but, being obliged by my -companion, I returned to our inn, after she had shown me her house, -which was very commodious, and well furnished, as she was an excellent -housewife, a prudent and virtuous lady. There is a park full of red deer -about it. Her eldest son was now sick there of the smallpox, but in a -likely way of recovery, and other of her children run about, and among -the infected, which she said she let them do on purpose that they might -while young pass that fatal disease she fancied they were to undergo one -time or other, and that this would be the best: the severity of this -cruel distemper so lately in my poor family confirming much of what she -affirmed. - -[Sidenote: WINCHESTER] - -16th September, 1685. The next morning, setting out early, we arrived -soon enough at Winchester to wait on the King, who was lodged at the -Dean's (Dr. Meggot). I found very few with him besides my Lords -Feversham, Arran, Newport, and the Bishop of Bath and Wells. His Majesty -was discoursing with the bishops concerning miracles, and what strange -things the Saludadors[61] would do in Spain, as by creeping into heated -ovens without hurt, and that they had a black cross in the roof of their -mouths, but yet were commonly notorious and profane wretches; upon which -his Majesty further said, that he was so extremely difficult of -miracles, for fear of being imposed upon, that if he should chance to -see one himself, without some other witness, he should apprehend it a -delusion of his senses. Then they spoke of the boy who was pretended to -have a wanting leg restored him, so confidently asserted by Fr. de Santa -Clara and others. To all of which the Bishop added a great miracle -happening in Winchester to his certain knowledge, of a poor, miserably -sick and decrepit child (as I remember long kept unbaptized) who -immediately on his baptism, recovered; as also of the salutary effect of -King Charles his Majesty's father's blood, in healing one that was -blind. - - [Footnote 61: Evelyn subjoins this note:--"As to that of the - Saludador (of which likewise I remember Sir Arthur Hopton, formerly - as Ambassador at Madrid, had told me many like wonders), Mr. Pepys - passing through Spain, and being extremely inquisitive of the truth - of these pretended miracles of the Saludadors, found a very famous - one at last, to whom he offered a considerable reward if he would - make a trial of the oven, or any other thing of that kind, before - him; the fellow ingenuously told him, that finding he was a more - than ordinary curious person, he would not deceive him, and so - acknowledged that he could do none of the feats really, but that - what they pretended was all a cheat, which he would easily discover, - though the poor superstitious people were easily imposed upon; yet - have these impostors an allowance of the Bishops to practice their - jugglings. This Mr. Pepys affirmed to me; but said he, I did not - conceive it fit to interrupt his Majesty, who so solemnly told what - they pretended to do. - - J. E."] - -There was something said of the second sight happening to some persons, -especially Scotch; upon which his Majesty, and I think Lord Arran, told -us that Monsieur ... a French nobleman, lately here in England, seeing -the late Duke of Monmouth come into the playhouse at London, suddenly -cried out to somebody sitting in the same box, "_Voilà Monsieur comme il -entre sans tete!_" Afterward his Majesty spoke of some relics that had -effected strange cures, particularly a piece of our blessed Savior's -cross, that healed a gentleman's rotten nose by only touching. And -speaking of the golden cross and chain taken out of the coffin of St. -Edward the Confessor at Westminster, by one of the singing-men, who, as -the scaffolds were taken down after his Majesty's coronation, espying a -hole in the tomb, and something glisten, put his hand in, and brought it -to the dean, and he to the King; his Majesty began to put the Bishop in -mind how earnestly the late King (his brother) called upon him during -his agony, to take out what he had in his pocket. "I had thought," said -the King, "it had been for some keys, which might lead to some cabinet -that his Majesty would have me secure"; but, says he, "you will remember -that I found nothing in any of his pockets but a cross of gold, and a -few insignificant papers"; and thereupon he showed us the cross, and was -pleased to put it into my hand. It was of gold, about three inches long, -having on one side a crucifix enameled and embossed, the rest was graved -and garnished with goldsmiths' work, and two pretty broad table -amethysts (as I conceived), and at the bottom a pendant pearl; within -was enchased a little fragment, as was thought, of the true cross, and a -Latin inscription in gold and Roman letters. More company coming in, -this discourse ended. I may not forget a resolution which his Majesty -made, and had a little before entered upon it at the Council Board at -Windsor or Whitehall, that the negroes in the plantations should all be -baptized, exceedingly declaiming against that impiety of their masters -prohibiting it, out of a mistaken opinion that they would be _ipso -facto_ free; but his Majesty persists in his resolution to have them -christened, which piety the Bishop blessed him for. - -I went out to see the new palace the late King had begun, and brought -almost to the covering. It is placed on the side of the hill, where -formerly stood the old castle. It is a stately fabric, of three sides -and a corridor, all built of brick, and cornished, windows and columns -at the break and entrance of free-stone. It was intended for a -hunting-house when his Majesty should come to these parts, and has an -incomparable prospect. I believe there had already been £20,000 and more -expended; but his now Majesty did not seem to encourage the finishing it -at least for a while. - -Hence to see the Cathedral, a reverend pile, and in good repair. There -are still the coffins of the six Saxon Kings, whose bones had been -scattered by the sacrilegious rebels of 1641, in expectation, I suppose, -of finding some valuable relics, and afterward gathered up again and put -into new chests, which stand above the stalls of the choir. - -[Sidenote: PORTSMOUTH] - -17th September, 1685. Early next morning, we went to Portsmouth, -something before his Majesty arrived. We found all the road full of -people, the women in their best dress, in expectation of seeing the King -pass by, which he did, riding on horseback a good part of the way. The -Mayor and Aldermen with their mace, and in their formalities, were -standing at the entrance of the fort, a mile on this side of the town, -where the Mayor made a speech to the King, and then the guns of the fort -were fired, as were those of the garrison, as soon as the King was come -into Portsmouth. All the soldiers (near 3,000) were drawn up, and lining -the streets and platform to God's House (the name of the Governor's -residence), where, after he had viewed the new fortifications and -shipyard, his Majesty was entertained at a magnificent dinner by Sir ... -Slingsby, the Lieutenant Governor, all the gentlemen in his train -sitting down at table with him, which I also had done, had I not been -before engaged to Sir Robert Holmes, Governor of the Isle of Wight, to -dine with him at a private house, where likewise we had a very sumptuous -and plentiful repast of excellent venison, fowl, fish, and fruit. - -After dinner, I went to wait on his Majesty again, who was pulling on -his boots in the Town Hall adjoining the house where he dined, and then -having saluted some ladies, who came to kiss his hand, he took horse for -Winchester, whither he returned that night. This hall is artificially -hung round with arms of all sorts, like the hall and keep at Windsor. -Hence, to see the shipyard and dock, the fortifications, and other -things. - -Portsmouth, when finished, will be very strong, and a noble quay. There -were now thirty-two men-of-war in the harbor. I was invited by Sir R. -Beach, the Commissioner, where, after a great supper, Mr. Secretary and -myself lay that night, and the next morning set out for Guildford, where -we arrived in good hour, and so the day after to London. - -I had twice before been at Portsmouth, the Isle of Wight, etc., many -years since. I found this part of Hampshire bravely wooded, especially -about the house and estate of Colonel Norton, who though now in being, -having formerly made his peace by means of Colonel Legg, was formerly a -very fierce commander in the first Rebellion. His house is large, and -standing low, on the road from Winchester to Portsmouth. - -By what I observed in this journey, is that infinite industry, -sedulity, gravity, and great understanding and experience of affairs, in -his Majesty, that I cannot but predict much happiness to the nation, as -to its political government; and, if he so persist, there could be -nothing more desired to accomplish our prosperity, but that he was of -the national religion. - -30th September, 1685. Lord Clarendon's commission for Lieutenant of -Ireland was sealed this day. - -[Sidenote: LONDON] - -2d October, 1685. Having a letter sent me by Mr. Pepys with this -expression at the foot of it, "I have something to show you that I may -not have another time," and that I would not fail to dine with him. I -accordingly went. After dinner, he had me and Mr. Houblon (a rich and -considerable merchant, whose father had fled out of Flanders on the -persecution of the Duke of Alva) into a private room, and told us that -being lately alone with his Majesty, and upon some occasion of speaking -concerning my late Lord Arlington dying a Roman Catholic, who had all -along seemed to profess himself a Protestant, taken all the tests, etc., -till the day (I think) of his death, his Majesty said that as to his -inclinations he had known them long wavering, but from fear of losing -his places, he did not think it convenient to declare himself. There -are, says the King, those who believe the Church of Rome gives -dispensations for going to church, and many like things, but that is not -so; for if that might have been had, he himself had most reason to make -use of it. INDEED, he said, as to SOME MATRIMONIAL CASES, THERE ARE NOW -AND THEN DISPENSATIONS, but hardly in any cases else. - -This familiar discourse encouraged Mr. Pepys to beg of his Majesty, if -he might ask it without offense, and for that his Majesty could not but -observe how it was whispered among many whether his late Majesty had -been reconciled to the Church of Rome; he again humbly besought his -Majesty to pardon his presumption, if he had touched upon a thing which -did not befit him to look into. The King ingenuously told him that he -both was and died a Roman Catholic, and that he had not long since -declared that it was upon some politic and state reasons, best known to -himself (meaning the King his brother), but that he was of that -persuasion: he bid him follow him into his closet, where opening a -cabinet, he showed him two papers, containing about a quarter of a -sheet, on both sides written, in the late King's own hand, several -arguments opposite to the doctrine of the Church of England, charging -her with heresy, novelty, and the fanaticism of other Protestants, the -chief whereof was, as I remember, our refusing to acknowledge the -primacy and infallibility of the Church of Rome; how impossible it was -that so many ages should never dispute it, till of late; how unlikely -our Savior would leave his Church without a visible Head and guide to -resort to, during his absence; with the like usual topic; so well penned -as to the discourse as did by no means seem to me to have been put -together by the late King yet written all with his own hand, blotted and -interlined, so as, if indeed it was not given him by some priest, they -might be such arguments and reasons as had been inculcated from time to -time, and here recollected; and, in the conclusion, showing his looking -on the Protestant religion (and by name the Church of England) to be -without foundation, and consequently false and unsafe. When his Majesty -had shown him these originals, he was pleased to lend him the copies of -these two papers, attested at the bottom in four or five lines under his -own hand. - -These were the papers I saw and read. This nice and curious passage I -thought fit to set down. Though all the arguments and objections were -altogether weak, and have a thousand times been answered by our divines; -they are such as their priests insinuate among their proselytes, as if -nothing were Catholic but the Church of Rome, no salvation out of that, -no reformation sufferable, bottoming all their errors on St. Peter's -successors' unerring dictatorship, but proving nothing with any reason, -or taking notice of any objection which could be made against it. Here -all was taken for granted, and upon it a resolution and preference -implied. - -I was heartily sorry to see all this, though it was no other than was -to be suspected, by his late Majesty's too great indifference, neglect, -and course of life, that he had been perverted, and for secular respects -only professed to be of another belief, and thereby giving great -advantage to our adversaries, both the Court and generally the youth and -great persons of the nation becoming dissolute and highly profane. God -was incensed to make his reign very troublesome and unprosperous, by -wars, plagues, fires, loss of reputation by an universal neglect of the -public for the love of a voluptuous and sensual life, which a vicious -Court had brought into credit. I think of it with sorrow and pity, when -I consider how good and debonair a nature that unhappy Prince was; what -opportunities he had to have made himself the most renowned King that -ever swayed the British scepter, had he been firm to that Church for -which his martyred and blessed father suffered; and had he been grateful -to Almighty God, who so miraculously restored him, with so excellent a -religion; had he endeavored to own and propagate it as he should have -done, not only for the good of his kingdom, but of all the Reformed -Churches in christendom, now weakened and near ruined through our -remissness and suffering them to be supplanted, persecuted, and -destroyed, as in France, which we took no notice of. The consequence of -this, time will show, and I wish it may proceed no further. The -emissaries and instruments of the Church of Rome will never rest till -they have crushed the Church of England, as knowing that alone to be -able to cope with them, and that they can never answer her fairly, but -lie abundantly open to the irresistible force of her arguments, -antiquity and purity of her doctrine, so that albeit it may move God, -for the punishment of a nation so unworthy, to eclipse again the -profession of her here, and darkness and superstition prevail, I am most -confident the doctrine of the Church of England will never be -extinguished, but remain visible, if not eminent, to the consummation of -the world. I have innumerable reasons that confirm me in this opinion, -which I forbear to mention here. - -In the meantime, as to the discourse of his Majesty with Mr. Pepys, and -those papers, as I do exceedingly prefer his Majesty's free and -ingenuous profession of what his own religion is, beyond concealment -upon any politic accounts, so I think him of a most sincere and honest -nature, one on whose word one may rely, and that he makes a conscience -of what he promises, to perform it. In this confidence, I hope that the -Church of England may yet subsist, and when it shall please God to open -his eyes and turn his heart (for that is peculiarly in the Lord's hands) -to flourish also. In all events, whatever does become of the Church of -England, it is certainly, of all the Christian professions on the earth, -the most primitive, apostolical, and excellent. - -8th October, 1685. I had my picture drawn this week by the famous -Kneller. - -[Sidenote: LONDON] - -14th October, 1685. I went to London about finishing my lodgings at -Whitehall. - -15th October, 1685. Being the King's birthday, there was a solemn ball -at Court, and before it music of instruments and voices. I happened by -accident to stand the very next to the Queen and the King, who talked -with me about the music. - -18th October, 1685. The King was now building all that range from east -to west by the court and garden to the street, and making a new chapel -for the Queen, whose lodgings were to be in this new building, as also a -new Council chamber and offices next the south end of the banqueting -house. I returned home, next morning, to London. - -22d October, 1685. I accompanied my Lady Clarendon to her house at -Swallowfield, in Berks, dining by the way at Mr. Graham's lodge at -Bagshot; the house, newly repaired and capacious enough for a good -family, stands in a park. - -Hence, we went to Swallowfield; this house is after the ancient -building of honorable gentlemen's houses, when they kept up ancient -hospitality, but the gardens and waters as elegant as it is possible to -make a flat by art and industry, and no mean expense, my lady being so -extraordinarily skilled in the flowery part, and my lord in diligence of -planting; so that I have hardly seen a seat which shows more tokens of -it than what is to be found here, not only in the delicious and rarest -fruits of a garden, but in those innumerable timber trees in the ground -about the seat, to the greatest ornament and benefit of the place. There -is one orchard of 1,000 golden, and other cider pippins; walks and -groves of elms, limes, oaks, and other trees. The garden is so beset -with all manner of sweet shrubs, that it perfumes the air. The -distribution also of the quarters, walks, and parterres, is excellent. -The nurseries, kitchen-garden full of the most desirable plants; two -very noble orangeries well furnished: but, above all, the canal and fish -ponds, the one fed with a white, the other with a black running water, -fed by a quick and swift river, so well and plentifully stored with -fish, that for pike, carp, bream, and tench, I never saw anything -approaching it. We had at every meal carp and pike of a size fit for the -table of a Prince, and what added to the delight was, to see the -hundreds taken by the drag, out of which, the cook standing by, we -pointed out what we had most mind to, and had carp that would have been -worth at London twenty shillings a piece. The waters are flagged about -with _Calámus aromaticus_, with which my lady has hung a closet, that -retains the smell very perfectly. There is also a certain sweet willow -and other exotics: also a very fine bowling-green, meadow, pasture, and -wood; in a word, all that can render a country seat delightful. There is -besides a well-furnished library in the house. - -[Sidenote: LONDON] - -26th October, 1685. We returned to London, having been treated with all -sorts of cheer and noble freedom by that most religious and virtuous -lady. She was now preparing to go for Ireland with her husband, made -Lord Deputy, and went to this country house and ancient seat of her -father and family, to set things in order during her absence; but never -were good people and neighbors more concerned than all the country (the -poor especially) for the departure of this charitable woman; everyone -was in tears, and she as unwilling to part from them. There was among -them a maiden of primitive life, the daughter of a poor laboring man, -who had sustained her parents (some time since dead) by her labor, and -has for many years refused marriage, or to receive any assistance from -the parish, besides the little hermitage my lady gives her rent-free; -she lives on four pence a day, which she gets by spinning; says she -abounds and can give alms to others, living in great humility and -content, without any apparent affectation, or singularity; she is -continually working, praying, or reading, gives a good account of her -knowledge in religion, visits the sick; is not in the least given to -talk; very modest, of a simple not unseemingly behavior; of a comely -countenance, clad very plain, but clean and tight. In sum, she appears a -saint of an extraordinary sort, in so religious a life, as is seldom met -with in villages now-a-days. - -27th October, 1685. I was invited to dine at Sir Stephen Fox's with my -Lord Lieutenant, where was such a dinner for variety of all things as I -had seldom seen, and it was so for the trial of a master-cook whom Sir -Stephen had recommended to go with his Lordship into Ireland; there were -all the dainties not only of the season, but of what art could add, -venison, plain solid meat, fowl, baked and boiled meats, banquet -[dessert], in exceeding plenty, and exquisitely dressed. There also -dined my Lord Ossory and Lady (the Duke of Beaufort's daughter), my Lady -Treasurer, Lord Cornbury, and other visitors. - -28th October, 1685. At the Royal Society, an urn full of bones was -presented, dug up in a highway, while repairing it, in a field in -Camberwell, in Surrey; it was found entire with its cover, among many -others, believed to be truly Roman and ancient. - -Sir Richard Bulkeley described to us a model of a chariot he had -invented, which it was not possible to overthrow in whatever uneven way -it was drawn, giving us a wonderful relation of what it had performed in -that kind, for ease, expedition, and safety; there were some -inconveniences yet to be remedied--it would not contain more than one -person; was ready to take fire every ten miles; and being placed and -playing on no fewer than ten rollers, it made a most prodigious noise, -almost intolerable. A remedy was to be sought for these inconveniences. - -31st October, 1685. I dined at our great Lord Chancellor Jefferies', who -used me with much respect. This was the late Chief-Justice who had newly -been the Western Circuit to try the Monmouth conspirators, and had -formerly done such severe justice among the obnoxious in Westminster -Hall, for which his Majesty dignified him by creating him first a Baron, -and now Lord Chancellor. He had some years past been conversant in -Deptford; is of an assured and undaunted spirit, and has served the -Court interest on all the hardiest occasions; is of nature cruel, and a -slave of the Court. - -3d November, 1685. The French persecution of the Protestants raging -with the utmost barbarity, exceeded even what the very heathens used: -innumerable persons of the greatest birth and riches leaving all their -earthly substance, and hardly escaping with their lives, dispersed -through all the countries of Europe. The French tyrant abrogated the -Edict of Nantes which had been made in favor of them, and without any -cause; on a sudden demolishing all their churches, banishing, -imprisoning, and sending to the galleys all the ministers; plundering -the common people, and exposing them to all sorts of barbarous usage by -soldiers sent to ruin and prey on them; taking away their children; -forcing people to the Mass, and then executing them as relapsers; they -burnt their libraries, pillaged their goods, ate up their fields and -substance, banished or sent the people to the galleys, and seized on -their estates. There had now been numbered to pass through Geneva only -(and that by stealth, for all the usual passages were strictly guarded -by sea and land) 40,000 toward Switzerland. In Holland, Denmark, and all -about Germany, were dispersed some hundred thousands; besides those in -England, where, though multitudes of all degree sought for shelter and -welcome as distressed Christians and confessors, they found least -encouragement, by a fatality of the times we were fallen into, and the -uncharitable indifference of such as should have embraced them; and I -prey it be not laid to our charge. The famous Claude fled to Holland; -Allix and several more came to London, and persons of great estates came -over, who had forsaken all. France was almost dispeopled, the bankers so -broken, that the tyrant's revenue was exceedingly diminished, -manufactures ceased, and everybody there, save the Jesuits, abhorred -what was done, nor did the Papists themselves approve it. What the -further intention is, time will show; but doubtless portending some -revolution. - -I was shown the harangue which the Bishop of Valentia on Rhone made in -the name of the Clergy, celebrating the French King, as if he was a God, -for persecuting the poor Protestants, with this expression in it, "That -as his victory over heresy was greater than all the conquests of -Alexander and Cĉsar, it was but what was wished in England; and that God -seemed to raise the French King to this power and magnanimous action, -that he might be in capacity to assist in doing the same here." This -paragraph is very bold and remarkable; several reflecting on Archbishop -Usher's prophecy as now begun in France, and approaching the orthodox in -all other reformed churches. One thing was much taken notice of, that -the "Gazettes" which were still constantly printed twice a week, -informing us what was done all over Europe, never spoke of this -wonderful proceeding in France; nor was any relation of it published by -any, save what private letters and the persecuted fugitives brought. -Whence this silence, I list not to conjecture; but it appeared very -extraordinary in a Protestant country that we should know nothing of -what Protestants suffered, while great collections were made for them in -foreign places, more hospitable and Christian to appearance. - -[Sidenote: LONDON] - -5th November, 1685. It being an extraordinarily wet morning, and myself -indisposed by a very great rheum, I did not go to church, to my very -great sorrow, it being the first Gunpowder Conspiracy anniversary that -had been kept now these eighty years under a prince of the Roman -religion. Bonfires were forbidden on this day; what does this portend! - -9th November, 1685. Began the Parliament. The King in his speech -required continuance of a standing force instead of a militia, and -indemnity and dispensation to Popish officers from the Test; demands -very unexpected and unpleasing to the Commons. He also required a supply -of revenue, which they granted; but returned no thanks to the King for -his speech, till farther consideration. - -12th November, 1685. The Commons postponed finishing the bill for the -Supply, to consider the Test, and Popish officers; this was carried but -by one voice. - -14th November, 1685. I dined at Lambeth, my Lord Archbishop carrying me -with him in his barge; there were my Lord Deputy of Ireland, the Bishops -of Ely and St. Asaph, Dr. Sherlock, and other divines; Sir William -Hayward, Sir Paul Rycaut, etc. - -20th November, 1685. The Parliament was adjourned to February, several -both of Lords and Commons excepting against some passage of his -Majesty's speech relating to the Test, and continuance of Popish -officers in command. This was a great surprise in a Parliament which -people believed would have complied in all things. - -Popish pamphlets and pictures sold publicly; no books nor answers to -them appearing till long after. - -21st November, 1685. I resigned my trust for composing a difference -between Mr. Thynn and his wife. - -22d November, 1685. Hitherto was a very wet, warm season. - -4th December, 1685. Lord Sunderland was declared President of the -Council, and yet to hold his Secretary's place. The forces disposed into -several quarters through the kingdom are very insolent, on which are -great complaints. - -Lord Brandon, tried for the late conspiracy, was condemned and pardoned; -so was Lord Grey, his accuser and witness. - -Persecution in France raging, the French insolently visit our vessels, -and take away the fugitive Protestants; some escape in barrels. - -[Sidenote: GREENWICH] - -10th December, 1685. To Greenwich, being put into the new Commission of -Sewers. - -13th December, 1685. Dr. Patrick, Dean of Peterborough, preached at -Whitehall, before the Princess of Denmark, who, since his Majesty came -to the Crown, always sat in the King's closet, and had the same bowings -and ceremonies applied to the place where she was, as his Majesty had -when there in person. - -Dining at Mr. Pepys's, Dr. Slayer showed us an experiment of a wonderful -nature, pouring first a very cold liquor into a glass, and superfusing -on it another, to appearance cold and clear liquor also; it first -produced a white cloud, then boiling, divers coruscations and actual -flames of fire mingled with the liquor, which being a little shaken -together, fixed divers suns and stars of real fire, perfectly globular, -on the sides of the glass, and which there stuck like so many -constellations, burning most vehemently, and resembling stars and -heavenly bodies, and that for a long space. It seemed to exhibit a -theory of the eduction of light out of the chaos, and the fixing or -gathering of the universal light into luminous bodies. This matter, or -phosphorus, was made out of human blood and urine, elucidating the vital -flame, or heat in animal bodies. A very noble experiment! - -16th December, 1685. I accompanied my Lord-Lieutenant as far as St. -Alban's, there going out of town with him near 200 coaches of all the -great officers and nobility. The next morning taking leave, I returned -to London. - -18th December, 1685. I dined at the great entertainment his Majesty gave -the Venetian Ambassadors, Signors Zenno and Justiniani, accompanied with -ten more noble Venetians of their most illustrious families, Cornaro, -Maccenigo, etc., who came to congratulate their Majesties coming to the -Crown. The dinner was most magnificent and plentiful, at four tables, -with music, kettledrums, and trumpets, which sounded upon a whistle at -every health. The banquet [dessert] was twelve vast chargers piled up so -high that those who sat one against another could hardly see each other. -Of these sweetmeats, which doubtless were some days piling up in that -exquisite manner, the Ambassadors touched not, but leaving them to the -spectators who came out of curiosity to see the dinner, were exceedingly -pleased to see in what a moment of time all that curious work was -demolished, the comfitures voided, and the tables cleared. Thus his -Majesty entertained them three days, which (for the table only) cost him -£600, as the Clerk of the Greencloth (Sir William Boreman) assured me. -Dinner ended, I saw their procession, or cavalcade, to Whitehall, -innumerable coaches attending. The two Ambassadors had four coaches of -their own, and fifty footmen (as I remember), besides other equipage as -splendid as the occasion would permit, the Court being still in -mourning. Thence, I went to the audience which they had in the Queen's -presence chamber, the Banqueting House being full of goods and furniture -till the galleries on the garden-side, council chamber, and new chapel, -now in the building, were finished. They went to their audience in those -plain black gowns and caps which they constantly wear in the city of -Venice. I was invited to have accompanied the two Ambassadors in their -coach to supper that night, returning now to their own lodgings, as no -longer at the King's expense; but, being weary, I excused myself. - -19th December, 1685. My Lord Treasurer made me dine with him, where I -became acquainted with Monsieur Barillon, the French Ambassador, a -learned and crafty advocate. - -[Sidenote: LONDON] - -20th December, 1685. Dr. Turner, brother to the Bishop of Ely, and -sometime tutor to my son, preached at Whitehall on Mark viii. 38, -concerning the submission of Christians to their persecutors, in which -were some passages indiscreet enough, considering the time, and the rage -of the inhuman French tyrant against the poor Protestants. - -22d December, 1685. Our patent for executing the office of Privy Seal -during the absence of the Lord Lieutenant of Ireland, being this day -sealed by the Lord Chancellor, we went afterward to St. James, where the -Court then was on occasion of building at Whitehall; his Majesty -delivered the seal to my Lord Tiviot and myself, the other Commissioners -not being come, and then gave us his hand to kiss. There were the two -Venetian Ambassadors and a world of company; among the rest the first -Popish Nuncio that had been in England since the Reformation; so -wonderfully were things changed, to the universal jealousy. - -24th December, 1685. We were all three Commissioners sworn on our knees -by the Clerk of the Crown, before my Lord Chancellor, three several -oaths: allegiance, supremacy, and the oath belonging to the Lord Privy -Seal, which last we took standing. After this, the Lord Chancellor -invited us all to dinner, but it being Christmas eve we desired to be -excused, intending at three in the afternoon to seal divers things which -lay ready at the office; so attended by three of the Clerks of the -Signet, we met and sealed. Among other things was a pardon to West, who -being privy to the late conspiracy, had revealed the accomplices to save -his own neck. There were also another pardon and two indenizations; and -so agreeing to a fortnight's vacation, I returned home. - -31st December, 1685. Recollecting the passages of the year past, and -having made up accounts, humbly besought Almighty God to pardon those my -sins which had provoked him to discompose my sorrowful family; that he -would accept of our humiliation, and in his good time restore comfort to -it. I also blessed God for all his undeserved mercies and preservations, -begging the continuance of his grace and preservation. The winter had -hitherto been extraordinarily wet and mild. - -1st January, 1685-6. Imploring the continuance of God's providential -care for the year now entered, I went to the public devotions. The Dean -of the Chapel and Clerk of the Closet put out, viz, Bishop of London and -..., and Rochester and Durham put in their places; the former had -opposed the toleration intended, and shown a worthy zeal for the -reformed religion as established. - -6th January, 1686. I dined with the Archbishop of York, where was Peter -Walsh, that Romish priest so well known for his moderation, professing -the Church of England to be a true member of the Catholic Church. He is -used to go to our public prayers without scruple, and did not -acknowledge the Pope's infallibility, only primacy of order. - -19th January, 1686. Passed the Privy Seal, among others, the creation of -Mrs. Sedley (concubine to ----) Countess of Dorchester, which the Queen -took very grievously, so as for two dinners, standing near her, I -observed she hardly ate one morsel, nor spoke one word to the King, or -to any about her, though at other times she used to be extremely -pleasant, full of discourse and good humor. The Roman Catholics were -also very angry: because they had so long valued the sanctity of their -religion and proselytes. - -Dryden, the famous playwriter, and his two sons, and Mrs. Nelly (miss to -the late ----), were said to go to mass; such proselytes were no great -loss to the Church. - -This night was burnt to the ground my Lord Montague's palace in -Bloomsbury, than which for painting and furniture there was nothing more -glorious in England. This happened by the negligence of a servant -airing, as they call it, some of the goods by the fire in a moist -season; indeed, so wet and mild a season had scarce been seen in man's -memory. - -At this Seal there also passed the creation of Sir Henry Waldegrave to -be a Peer. He had married one of the King's natural daughters by Mrs. -Churchill. These two Seals my brother Commissioners passed in the -morning before I came to town, at which I was not displeased. We -likewise passed Privy Seals for £276,000 upon several accounts, -pensions, guards, wardrobes, privy purse, etc., besides divers pardons, -and one more which I must not forget (and which by Providence I was not -present at) one Mr. Lytcott to be Secretary to the Ambassador to Rome. -We being three Commissioners, any two were a quorum. - -[Sidenote: LONDON] - -21st January, 1686. I dined at my Lady Arlington's, Groom of the Stole -to the Queen Dowager, at Somerset House, where dined the Countesses of -Devonshire, Dover, etc.; in all eleven ladies of quality, no man but -myself being there. - -24th January, 1686. Unheard-of cruelties to the persecuted Protestants -of France, such as hardly any age has seen the like, even among the -Pagans. - -6th February, 1686. Being the day on which his Majesty began his reign, -by order of Council it was to be solemnized with a particular office and -sermon, which the Bishop of Ely preached at Whitehall on Numb. xi. 12; a -Court oration upon the regal office. It was much wondered at, that this -day, which was that of his late Majesty's death, should be kept as a -festival, and not the day of the present King's coronation. It is said -to have been formerly the custom, though not till now since the reign of -King James I. - -The Duchess of Monmouth, being in the same seat with me at church, -appeared with a very sad and afflicted countenance. - -8th February, 1686. I took the test in Westminster Hall, before the Lord -Chief Justice. I now came to lodge at Whitehall, in the Lord Privy -Seal's lodgings. - -12th February, 1686. My great cause was heard by my Lord Chancellor, who -granted me a rehearing. I had six eminent lawyers, my antagonist three, -whereof one was the smooth-tongued solicitor, whom my Lord Chancellor -reproved in great passion for a very small occasion. Blessed be God for -his great goodness to me this day! - -19th February, 1686. Many bloody and notorious duels were fought about -this time. The Duke of Grafton killed Mr. Stanley, brother to the Earl -of [Derby], indeed upon an almost insufferable provocation. It is to be -hoped that his Majesty will at last severely remedy this unchristian -custom. - -Lord Sunderland was now Secretary of State, President of the Council, -and Premier Minister. - -1st March, 1686. Came Sir Gilbert Gerrard to treat with me about his -son's marrying my daughter, Susanna. The father being obnoxious, and in -some suspicion and displeasure of the King, I would receive no proposal -till his Majesty had given me leave; which he was pleased to do; but, -after several meetings we broke off, on his not being willing to secure -anything competent for my daughter's children; besides that I found most -of his estate was in the coal-pits as far off as Newcastle, and on -leases from the Bishop of Durham, who had power to make concurrent -leases, with other difficulties. - -7th March, 1686. Dr. Frampton, Bishop of Gloucester, preached on Psalm -xliv. 17, 18, 19, showing the several afflictions of the Church of -Christ from the primitive to this day, applying exceedingly to the -present conjuncture, when many were wavering in their minds, and great -temptations appearing through the favor now found by the Papists, so as -the people were full of jealousies and discouragement. The Bishop -magnified the Church of England, exhorting to constancy and -perseverance. - -10th March, 1686. A Council of the Royal Society about disposing of Dr. -Ray's book of Fishes, which was printed at the expense of the Society. - -12th March, 1686. A docket was to be sealed, importing a lease of -twenty-one years to one Hall, who styled himself his Majesty's printer -(he lately turned Papist) for the printing missals, offices, lives of -saints, portals, primers, etc., books expressly forbidden to be printed -or sold, by divers Acts of Parliament; I refused to put my seal to it, -making my exceptions, so it was laid by. - -14th March, 1686. The Bishop of Bath and Wells preached on John vi. 17, -a most excellent and pathetic discourse: after he had recommended the -duty of fasting and other penitential duties, he exhorted to constancy -in the Protestant religion, detestation of the unheard-of cruelties of -the French, and stirring up to a liberal contribution. This sermon was -the more acceptable, as it was unexpected from a Bishop who had -undergone the censure of being inclined to Popery, the contrary whereof -no man could show more. This indeed did all our Bishops, to the -disabusing and reproach of all their delators: for none were more -zealous against Popery than they were. - -16th March, 1686. I was at a review of the army about London in Hyde -Park, about 6,000 horse and foot, in excellent order; his Majesty and -infinity of people being present. - -17th March, 1686. I went to my house in the country, refusing to be -present at what was to pass at the Privy Seal the next day. In the -morning Dr. Tenison preached an incomparable discourse at Whitehall, on -Timothy ii. 3, 4. - -24th March, 1686. Dr. Cradock (Provost of Eaton) preached at the same -place, on Psalm xlix. 13, showing the vanity of earthly enjoyments. - -28th March, 1686. Dr. White, Bishop of Peterborough, preached in a very -eloquent style, on Matthew xxvi. 29, submission to the will of God on -all accidents, and at all times. - -29th March, 1686. The Duke of Northumberland (a natural son of the late -King by the Duchess of Cleveland) marrying very meanly, with the help of -his brother Grafton, attempted in vain to spirit away his wife. - -A Brief was read in all churches for relieving the French Protestants, -who came here for protection from the unheard-of cruelties of the King. - -2d April, 1686. Sir Edward Hales, a Papist, made Governor of Dover -Castle. - -15th April, 1686. The Archbishop of York now died of the smallpox, aged -62, a corpulent man. He was my special loving friend, and while Bishop -of Rochester (from whence he was translated) my excellent neighbor. He -was an inexpressible loss to the whole church, and that Province -especially, being a learned, wise, stout, and most worthy prelate; I -look on this as a great stroke to the poor Church of England, now in -this defecting period. - -18th April, 1686. In the afternoon I went to Camberwell, to visit Dr. -Parr. After sermon, I accompanied him to his house, where he showed me -the Life and Letters of the late learned Primate of Armagh (Usher), and -among them that letter of Bishop Bramhall's to the Primate, giving -notice of the Popish practices to pervert this nation, by sending a -hundred priests into England, who were to conform themselves to all -sectaries and conditions for the more easily dispersing their doctrine -among us. This letter was the cause of the whole impression being -seized, upon pretense that it was a political or historical account of -things not relating to theology, though it had been licensed by the -Bishop; which plainly showed what an interest the Papists now had,--that -a Protestant book, containing the life and letters of so eminent a man, -was not to be published. There were also many letters to and from most -of the learned persons his correspondents in Europe. The book will, I -doubt not, struggle through this unjust impediment. - -Several Judges were put out, and new complying ones put in. - -25th April, 1686. This day was read in our church the Brief for a -collection for relief of the Protestant French so cruelly, barbarously, -and inhumanly oppressed without any thing being laid to their charge. It -had been long expected, and at last with difficulty procured to be -published, the interest of the French Ambassador obstructing it. - -5th May, 1686. There being a Seal, it was feared we should be required -to pass a docket dispensing with Dr. Obadiah Walker and four more, -whereof one was an apostate curate of Putney, the others officers of -University College, Oxford, who hold their masterships, fellowships, and -cures, and keep public schools, and enjoy all former emoluments, -notwithstanding they no more frequented or used the public forms of -prayers, or communion, with the Church of England, or took the Test or -oaths of allegiance and supremacy, contrary to twenty Acts of -Parliament; which dispensation being also contrary to his Majesty's own -gracious declaration at the beginning of his reign, gave umbrage (as -well it might) to every good Protestant; nor could we safely have passed -it under the Privy Seal, wherefore it was done by immediate warrant, -signed by Mr. Solicitor. - -This Walker was a learned person, of a monkish life, to whose tuition I -had more than thirty years since recommended the sons of my worthy -friend, Mr. Hyldyard, of Horsley in Surrey, believing him to be far from -what he proved--a hypocritical concealed Papist--by which he perverted -the eldest son of Mr. Hyldyard, Sir Edward Hale's eldest son, and -several more, to the great disturbance of the whole nation, as well as -of the University, as by his now public defection appeared. All engines -being now at work to bring in Popery, which God in mercy prevent! - -[Sidenote: LONDON] - -This day was burned in the old Exchange, by the common hangman, a -translation of a book written by the famous Monsieur Claude, relating -only matters of fact concerning the horrid massacres and barbarous -proceedings of the French King against his Protestant subjects, without -any refutation of any facts therein; so mighty a power and ascendant -here had the French Ambassador, who was doubtless in great indignation -at the pious and truly generous charity of all the nation, for the -relief of those miserable sufferers who came over for shelter. - -About this time also, the Duke of Savoy, instigated by the French King -to extirpate the Protestants of Piedmont, slew many thousands of those -innocent people, so that there seemed to be an universal design to -destroy all that would not go to mass, throughout Europe. _Quod Avertat -D. O. M.!_ No faith in Princes! - -12th May, 1686. I refused to put the Privy Seal to Doctor Walker's -license for printing and publishing divers Popish books, of which I -complained both to my Lord of Canterbury (with whom I went to advise in -the Council Chamber), and to my Lord Treasurer that evening at his -lodgings. My Lord of Canterbury's advice was, that I should follow my -own conscience therein; Mr. Treasurer's, that if in conscience I could -dispense with it, for any other hazard he believed there was none. -Notwithstanding this, I persisted in my refusal. - -29th May, 1686. There was no sermon on this anniversary, as there -usually had been ever since the reign of the present King. - -2d June, 1686. Such storms, rain, and foul weather, seldom known at this -time of the year. The camp at Hounslow Heath, from sickness and other -inconveniences of weather, forced to retire to quarters; the storms -being succeeded by excessive hot weather, many grew sick. Great feasting -there, especially in Lord Dunbarton's quarters. There were many -jealousies and discourses of what was the meaning of this encampment. - -A seal this day; mostly pardons and discharges of Knight Baronets' -fees, which having been passed over for so many years, did greatly -disoblige several families who had served his Majesty. Lord Tyrconnel -gone to Ireland, with great powers and commissions, giving as much cause -of talk as the camp, especially nineteen new Privy-Councillors and -Judges being now made, among which but three Protestants, and Tyrconnel -made General. - -New judges also here, among which was Milton, a Papist (brother to that -Milton who wrote for the Regicides), who presumed to take his place -without passing the Test. Scotland refused to grant liberty of mass to -the Papists there. - -The French persecution more inhuman than ever. The Protestants in Savoy -successfully resist the French dragoons sent to murder them. - -The King's chief physician in Scotland apostatizing from the Protestant -religion, does of his own accord publish his recantation at Edinburg. - -11th June, 1686. I went to see Middleton's receptacle of water at the -New River, and the New Spa Wells near. - -20th June, 1686. An extraordinary season of violent and sudden rain. The -camp still in tents. - -24th June, 1686. My Lord Treasurer settled my great business with Mr. -Pretyman, to which I hope God will at last give a prosperous issue. - -25th June, 1686. Now his Majesty, beginning with Dr. Sharp and Tully, -proceeded to silence and suspend divers excellent divines for preaching -against Popery. - -27th June, 1686. I had this day been married thirty-nine years--blessed -be God for all his mercies! - -The new very young Lord Chief-Justice Herbert declared on the bench, -that the government of England was entirely in the King; that the Crown -was absolute; that penal laws were powers lodged in the Crown to enable -the King to force the execution of the law, but were not bars to bind -the King's power; that he could pardon all offenses against the law, and -forgive the penalties, and why could he not dispense with them; by which -the Test was abolished? Everyone was astonished. Great jealousies as to -what would be the end of these proceedings. - -6th July, 1686. I supped with the Countess of Rochester, where was also -the Duchess of Buckingham and Madame de Governè, whose daughter was -married to the Marquis of Halifax's son. She made me a character of the -French King and Dauphin, and of the persecution; that they kept much of -the cruelties from the King's knowledge; that the Dauphin was so afraid -of his father, that he dared not let anything appear of his sentiments; -that he hated letters and priests, spent all his time in hunting, and -seemed to take no notice of what was passing. - -This lady was of a great family and fortune, and had fled hither for -refuge. - -8th July, 1686. I waited on the Archbishop at Lambeth, where I dined and -met the famous preacher and writer, Dr. Allix, doubtless a most -excellent and learned person. The Archbishop and he spoke Latin -together, and that very readily. - -11th July, 1686. Dr. Meggot, Dean of Winchester preached before the -household in St. George's Chapel at Windsor, the late King's glorious -chapel now seized on by the mass priests. Dr. Cartwright, Dean of Ripon, -preached before the great men of the Court in the same place. - -We had now the sad news of the Bishop of Oxford's death, an -extraordinary loss to the poor Church at this time. Many candidates for -his Bishopric and Deanery, Dr. Parker, South, Aldrich, etc. Dr. Walker -(now apostatizing) came to Court, and was doubtless very busy. - -13th July, 1686. Note, that standing by the Queen at basset (cards), I -observed that she was exceedingly concerned for the loss of £80; her -outward affability much changed to stateliness, since she has been -exalted. - -The season very rainy and inconvenient for the camps. His Majesty very -cheerful. - -14th July, 1686. Was sealed at our office the constitution of certain -commissioners to take upon them full power of all Ecclesiastical -affairs, in as unlimited a manner, or rather greater, than the late High -Commission-Court, abrogated by Parliament; for it had not only faculty -to inspect and visit all Bishops' dioceses, but to change what laws and -statutes they should think fit to alter among the colleges, though -founded by private men; to punish, suspend, fine, etc., give oaths and -call witnesses. The main drift was to suppress zealous preachers. In -sum, it was the whole power of a Vicar-General--note the consequence! Of -the clergy the commissioners were the Archbishop of Canterbury -[Sancroft], Bishop of Durham [Crewe], and Rochester [Sprat]; of the -Temporals, the Lord Treasurer, the Lord Chancellor [Jefferies] (who -alone was ever to be of the quorum), the Chief justice [Herbert], and -Lord President [Earl of Sunderland]. - -18th July, 1686. I went to see Sir John Chardin, at Greenwich. - -[Sidenote: LONDON] - -4th August, 1686. I dined at Signor Verrio's, the famous Italian -painter, now settled in his Majesty's garden at St. James's, which he -had made a very delicious paradise. - -8th August, 1686. Our vicar gone to dispose of his country living in -Rutlandshire, having St. Dunstan in the east given him by the Archbishop -of Canterbury. - -I went to visit the Marquis Ravigné, now my neighbor at Greenwich, -retired from the persecution in France. He was the deputy of all the -Protestants of that kingdom in the parliament of Paris, and several -times Ambassador in this and other Courts; a person of great learning -and experience. - -8th September, 1686. Dr. Compton, Bishop of London, was on Monday -suspended, on pretense of not silencing Dr. Sharp at St. Giles's, for -something of a sermon in which he zealously reproved the doctrine of the -Roman Catholics. The Bishop having consulted the civilians, they told -him he could not by any law proceed against Dr. Sharp without producing -witnesses, and impleaded according to form; but it was overruled by my -Lord Chancellor, and the Bishop sentenced without so much as being heard -to any purpose. This was thought a very extraordinary way of proceeding, -and was universally resented, and so much the rather for that two -Bishops, Durham and Rochester, sitting in the commission and giving -their suffrages the Archbishop of Canterbury refused to sit among them. -He was only suspended _ab officio_, and that was soon after taken off. -He was brother to the Earl of Northampton, had once been a soldier, had -traveled in Italy, but became a sober, grave, and excellent prelate. - -12th September, 1686. Buda now taken from the Turks; a form of -thanksgiving was ordered to be used in the (as yet remaining) Protestant -chapels and church of Whitehall and Windsor. - -The King of Denmark was besieging Hamburg, no doubt by the French -contrivance, to embroil the Protestant Princes in a new war, that -Holland, etc., being engaged, matter for new quarrel might arise: the -unheard-of persecution of the poor Protestants still raging more than -ever. - -22d September, 1686. The Danes retire from Hamburg, the Protestant -Princes appearing for their succor, and the Emperor sending his -minatories to the King of Denmark, and also requiring the restoration of -the Duke of Saxe Gotha. Thus it pleased God to defeat the French -designs, which were evidently to kindle a new war. - -14th October, 1686. His Majesty's birthday; I was at his rising in his -bedchamber, afterward in the park, where four companies of guards were -drawn up. The officers, etc., wonderfully rich and gallant; they did not -head their troops, but their next officers, the colonels being on -horseback by the King while they marched. The ladies not less splendid -at Court, where there was a ball at night; but small appearance of -quality. All the shops both in the city and suburbs were shut up, and -kept as solemnly as any holiday. Bonfires at night in Westminster, but -forbidden in the city. - -17th October, 1686. Dr. Patrick, Dean of Peterborough, preached at -Covent Garden Church on Ephes. v. 18, 19, showing the custom of the -primitive saints in serving God with hymns, and their frequent use of -them upon all occasions: touching the profane way of mirth and -intemperance of this ungodly age. Afterward I visited my Lord Chief -Justice of Ireland, with whom I had long and private discourse -concerning the miserable condition that kingdom was like to be in, if -Tyrconnel's counsel should prevail at Court. - -23d October, 1686. Went with the Countess of Sunderland to Cranbourne, -a lodge and walk of my Lord Godolphin's in Windsor park. There was one -room in the house spared in the pulling down the old one, because the -late Duchess of York was born in it; the rest was built and added to it -by Sir George Carteret, Treasurer of the Navy; and since, the whole was -purchased by my Lord Godolphin, who spoke to me to go see it, and advise -what trees were fit to be cut down to improve the dwelling, being -environed with old rotten pollards, which corrupt the air. It stands on -a knoll which though insensibly rising, gives it a prospect over the -Keep of Windsor, about three miles N. E. of it. The ground is clayey and -moist; the water stark naught; the park is pretty; the house tolerable, -and gardens convenient. After dinner, we came back to London, having two -coaches both going and coming, of six horses apiece, which we changed at -Hounslow. - -24th October, 1686. Dr. Warren preached before the Princess at -Whitehall, on 5th Matthew, of the blessedness of the pure in heart, most -elegantly describing the bliss of the beatifical vision. In the -afternoon, Sir George Wheeler, knight and baronet, preached on the 4th -Matt. upon the necessity of repentance, at St. Margaret's, an honest and -devout discourse, and pretty tolerably performed. This gentleman coming -from his travels out of Greece, fell in love with the daughter of Sir -Thomas Higgins, his Majesty's resident at Venice, niece to the Earl of -Bath, and married her. When they returned into England, being honored -with knighthood, he would needs turn preacher, and took orders. He -published a learned and ingenious book of his travels, and is a very -worthy person, a little formal and particular, but exceedingly devout. - -27th October, 1686. There was a triumphant show of the Lord Mayor both -by land and water, with much solemnity, when yet his power has been so -much diminished, by the loss of the city's former charter. - -[Sidenote: LONDON] - -5th November, 1686. I went to St. Martin's in the morning, where Dr. -Birch preached very boldly against the Papists, from John xvi. 2. In the -afternoon I heard Dr. Tillotson in Lincoln's Inn chapel, on the same -text, but more cautiously. - -16th November, 1686. I went with part of my family to pass the -melancholy winter in London at my son's house in Arundel Buildings. - -5th December, 1686. I dined at my Lady Arlington's, Groom of the Stole -to the Queen Dowager at Somerset House, where dined divers French -noblemen, driven out of their country by the persecution. - -16th December, 1686. I carried the Countess of Sunderland to see the -rarities of one Mr. Charlton in the Middle Temple, who showed us such a -collection as I had never seen in all my travels abroad either of -private gentlemen, or princes. It consisted of miniatures, drawings, -shells, insects, medals, natural things, animals (of which divers, I -think 100, were kept in glasses of spirits of wine), minerals, precious -stones, vessels, curiosities in amber, crystal, agate, etc.; all being -very perfect and rare of their kind, especially his books of birds, -fish, flowers, and shells, drawn and miniatured to the life. He told us -that one book stood him in £300; it was painted by that excellent -workman, whom the late Gaston, Duke of Orleans, employed. This -gentleman's whole collection, gathered by himself, traveling over most -parts of Europe, is estimated at £8,000. He appeared to be a modest and -obliging person.[62] - - [Footnote 62: This collection was afterward purchased by Sir Hans - Sloane, and now forms part o£ the British Museum.] - -[Sidenote: LONDON] - -29th December, 1686. I went to hear the music of the Italians in the -new chapel, now first opened publicly at Whitehall for the Popish -Service. Nothing can be finer than the magnificent marble work and -architecture at the end, where are four statues, representing St. John, -St. Peter, St. Paul, and the Church, in white marble, the work of Mr. -Gibbons, with all the carving and pillars of exquisite art and great -cost. The altar piece is the Salutation; the volto in _fresco_, the -Assumption of the blessed Virgin, according to their tradition, with our -blessed Savior, and a world of figures painted by Verrio. The throne -where the King and Queen sit is very glorious, in a closet above, just -opposite to the altar. Here we saw the Bishop in his mitre and rich -copes, with six or seven Jesuits and others in rich copes, sumptuously -habited, often taking off and putting on the Bishop's mitre, who sat in -a chair with arms pontifically, was adored and censed by three Jesuits -in their copes; then he went to the altar and made divers cringes, then -censing the images and glorious tabernacle placed on the altar, and now -and then changing place: the crosier, which was of silver, was put into -his hand with a world of mysterious ceremony, the music playing, with -singing. I could not have believed I should ever have seen such things -in the King of England's palace, after it had pleased God to enlighten -this nation; but our great sin has, for the present, eclipsed the -blessing, which I hope he will in mercy and his good time restore to its -purity. - -Little appearance of any winter as yet. - -1st January, 1686-87. Mr. Wake preached at St. Martin's on 1 Tim. iii. -16, concerning the mystery of godliness. He wrote excellently, in answer -to the Bishop of Meaux. - -3d January, 1687. A Seal to confirm a gift of £4,000 per annum for 99 -years to the Lord Treasurer out of the Post Office, and £1,700 per annum -for ever out of Lord Grey's estate. - -There was now another change of the great officers. The Treasury was put -into commission, two professed Papists among them, viz, Lords Bellasis -and Dover, joined with the old ones, Lord Godolphin, Sir Stephen Fox, -and Sir John Ernley. - -17th January, 1687. Much expectation of several great men declaring -themselves Papists. Lord Tyrconnel gone to succeed the Lord-Lieutenant -[Clarendon] in Ireland, to the astonishment of all sober men, and to the -evident ruin of the Protestants in that kingdom, as well as of its great -improvement going on. Much discourse that all the White Staff officers -and others should be dismissed for adhering to their religion. Popish -Justices of the Peace established in all counties, of the meanest of the -people; Judges ignorant of the law, and perverting it--so furiously do -the Jesuits drive, and even compel Princes to violent courses, and -destruction of an excellent government both in Church and State. God of -his infinite mercy open our eyes, and turn our hearts, and establish his -truth with peace! The Lord Jesus defend his little flock, and preserve -this threatened church and nation! - -24th January, 1687. I saw the Queen's new apartment at Whitehall, with -her new bed, the embroidery of which cost £3,000. The carving about the -chimney piece, by Gibbons, is incomparable. - -30th January, 1687. I heard the famous eunuch, Cifaccio, sing in the new -Popish chapel this afternoon; it was indeed very rare, and with great -skill. He came over from Rome, esteemed one of the best voices in Italy. -Much crowding--little devotion. - -27th February, 1687. Mr. Chetwin preached at Whitehall on Rom. i. 18, a -very quaint, neat discourse of Moral righteousness. - -2d March, 1687. Came out a proclamation for universal liberty of -conscience in Scotland, and depensation from all tests and laws to the -contrary, as also capacitating Papists to be chosen into all offices of -trust. The mystery operates. - -3d March, 1687. Dr. Meggott, Dean of Winchester, preached before the -Princess of Denmark, on Matt. xiv. 23. In the afternoon, I went out of -town to meet my Lord Clarendon, returning from Ireland. - -10th March, 1687. His Majesty sent for the Commissioners of the Privy -Seal this morning into his bedchamber, and told us that though he had -thought fit to dispose of the Seal into a single hand, yet he would so -provide for us, as it should appear how well he accepted our faithful -and loyal service with many gracious expressions to this effect; upon -which we delivered the Seal into his hands. It was by all the world both -hoped and expected, that he would have restored it to my Lord Clarendon; -but they were astonished to see it given to Lord Arundel, of Wardour, a -zealous Roman Catholic. Indeed it was very hard, and looked very -unkindly, his Majesty (as my Lord Clarendon protested to me, on my going -to visit him and long discoursing with him about the affairs of Ireland) -finding not the least failure of duty in him during his government of -that kingdom, so that his recall plainly appeared to be from the -stronger influence of the Papists, who now got all the preferments. - -Most of the great officers, both in the Court and country, Lords and -others, were dismissed, as they would not promise his Majesty their -consent to the repeal of the test and penal statutes against Popish -Recusants. To this end, most of the Parliament men were spoken to in his -Majesty's closet, and such as refused, if in any place of office or -trust, civil or military, were put out of their employments. This was a -time of great trial; but hardly one of them assented, which put the -Popish interest much backward. The English clergy everywhere preached -boldly against their superstition and errors, and were wonderfully -followed by the people. Not one considerable proselyte was made in all -this time. The party were exceedingly put to the worst by the preaching -and writing of the Protestants in many excellent treatises, evincing the -doctrine and discipline of the reformed religion, to the manifest -disadvantage of their adversaries. To this did not a little contribute -the sermon preached at Whitehall before the Princess of Denmark and a -great crowd of people, and at least thirty of the greatest nobility, by -Dr. Ken, Bishop of Bath and Wells, on John viii. 46 (the Gospel of the -day), describing through his whole discourse the blasphemies, perfidy, -wresting of Scripture, preference of tradition before it, spirit of -persecution, superstition, legends, and fables of the Scribes and -Pharisees, so that all the auditory understood his meaning of a parallel -between them and the Romish priests, and their new Trent religion. He -exhorted his audience to adhere to the written Word, and to persevere in -the Faith taught in the Church of England, whose doctrine for Catholic -and soundness he preferred to all the communities and churches of -Christians in the world; concluding with a kind of prophecy, that -whatever it suffered, it should after a short trial emerge to the -confusion of her adversaries and the glory of God. - -I went this evening to see the order of the boys and children at -Christ's Hospital. There were near 800 boys and girls so decently clad, -cleanly lodged, so wholesomely fed, so admirably taught, some the -mathematics, especially the forty of the late King's foundation, that I -was delighted to see the progress some little youths of thirteen or -fourteen years of age had made. I saw them at supper, visited their -dormitories, and much admired the order, economy, and excellent -government of this most charitable seminary. Some are taught for the -Universities, others designed for seamen, all for trades and callings. -The girls are instructed in all such work as becomes their sex and may -fit them for good wives, mistresses, and to be a blessing to their -generation. They sang a psalm before they sat down to supper in the -great Hall, to an organ which played all the time, with such cheerful -harmony, that it seemed to me a vision of angels. I came from the place -with infinite satisfaction, having never seen a more noble, pious, and -admirable charity. All these consisted of orphans only.[63] The -foundation was of that pious Prince King Edward VI., whose picture (held -to be an original of Holbein) is in the court where the Governors meet -to consult on the affairs of the Hospital, and his statue in white -marble stands in a niche of the wall below, as you go to the church, -which is a modern, noble, and ample fabric. This foundation has had, and -still has, many benefactors. - - [Footnote 63: This is by no means the case now.] - -16th March, 1687. I saw a trial of those devilish, murdering, mischief -doing engines called bombs, shot out of the mortar piece on Blackheath. -The distance that they are cast, the destruction they make where they -fall, is prodigious. - -20th March, 1687. The Bishop of Bath and Wells (Dr. Ken) preached at St. -Martin's to a crowd of people not to be expressed, nor the wonderful -eloquence of this admirable preacher; the text was Matt. xxvi. 36 to -verse 40, describing the bitterness of our Blessed Savior's agony, the -ardor of his love, the infinite obligations we have to imitate his -patience and resignation; the means by watching against temptations, and -over ourselves with fervent prayer to attain it, and the exceeding -reward in the end. Upon all which he made most pathetical discourses. -The Communion followed, at which I was participant. I afterward dined at -Dr. Tenison's with the Bishop and that young, most learned, pious, and -excellent preacher, Mr. Wake. In the afternoon, I went to hear Mr. Wake -at the newly built church of St. Anne, on Mark viii. 34, upon the -subject of taking up the cross, and strenuously behaving ourselves in -time of persecution, as this now threatened to be. - -His Majesty again prorogued the Parliament, foreseeing it would not -remit the laws against Papists, by the extraordinary zeal and bravery of -its members, and the free renunciation of the great officers both in -Court and state, who would not be prevailed with for any temporal -concern. - -25th March, 1687. GOOD FRIDAY. Dr. Tenison preached at St. Martin's on 1 -Peter ii. 24. During the service, a man came into near the middle of the -church, with his sword drawn, with several others in that posture; in -this jealous time it put the congregation into great confusion, but it -appeared to be one who fled for sanctuary, being pursued by bailiffs. - -8th April, 1687. I had a rehearing of my great cause at the Chancery in -Westminster Hall, having seven of the most learned Counsel, my adversary -five, among which were the Attorney General and late Solicitor Finch, -son to the Lord Chancellor Nottingham. The account was at last brought -to one article of the surcharge, and referred to a Master. The cause -lasted two hours and more. - -10th April, 1687. In the last week there was issued a Dispensation from -all obligations and tests, by which Dissenters and Papists especially -had public liberty of exercising their several ways of worship, without -incurring the penalty of the many Laws and Acts of Parliament to the -contrary. This was purely obtained by the Papists, thinking thereby to -ruin the Church of England, being now the only church which so admirably -and strenuously opposed their superstition. There was a wonderful -concourse of people at the Dissenters' meeting house in this parish, and -the parish church [Deptford] left exceedingly thin. What this will end -in, God Almighty only knows; but it looks like confusion, which I pray -God avert. - -[Sidenote: LONDON] - -11th April, 1687. To London about my suit, some terms of accommodation -being proposed. - -19th April, 1687. I heard the famous singer, Cifaccio, esteemed the best -in Europe. Indeed, his holding out and delicateness in extending and -loosing a note with incomparable softness and sweetness, was admirable; -for the rest I found him a mere wanton, effeminate child, very coy, and -proudly conceited, to my apprehension. He touched the harpsichord to his -voice rarely well. This was before a select number of particular persons -whom Mr. Pepys invited to his house; and this was obtained by particular -favor and much difficulty, the Signor much disdaining to show his talent -to any but princes. - -24th April, 1687. At Greenwich, at the conclusion of the Church service, -there was a French sermon preached after the use of the English Liturgy -translated into French, to a congregation of about 100 French refugees, -of whom Monsieur Ruvigny was the chief, and had obtained the use of the -church, after the parish service was ended. The preacher pathetically -exhorted to patience, constancy, and reliance on God amidst all their -sufferings, and the infinite rewards to come. - -2d May, 1687. I dined with Mynheer Diskvelts, the Holland Ambassador, a -prudent and worthy person. There dined Lord Middleton, principal -Secretary of State, Lord Pembroke, Lord Lumley, Lord Preston, Colonel -Fitzpatrick, and Sir John Chardin. After dinner, the Ambassador -discoursed of and deplored the stupid folly of our politics, in -suffering the French to take Luxemburg, it being a place of the most -concern to have been defended, for the interest not only of the -Netherlands, but of England. - -[Sidenote: LONDON] - -12th May, 1687. To London. Lord Sunderland being Lord President and -Secretary of State, was made Knight of the Garter and Prime favorite. -This day there was such a storm of wind as had seldom happened, being a -sort of hurricane. It kept the flood out of the Thames, so that people -went on foot over several places above bridge. Also an earthquake in -several places in England about the time of the storm. - -26th May, 1687. To London, about my agreement with Mr. Pretyman, after -my tedious suit. - -2d June, 1687. I went to London, it having pleased his Majesty to grant -me a Privy Seal for £6,000, for discharge of the debt I had been so many -years persecuted for, it being indeed for money drawn over by my -father-in-law, Sir R. Browne, during his residence in the Court of -France, and so with a much greater sum due to Sir Richard from his -Majesty; and now this part of the arrear being paid, there remains yet -due to me, as executor of Sir Richard, above £6,500 more; but this -determining an expensive Chancery suit has been so great a mercy and -providence to me (through the kindness and friendship to me of Lord -Godolphin, one of the Lords Commissioners of the Treasury,) that I do -acknowledge it with all imaginable thanks to my gracious God. - -6th June, 1687. I visited my Lady Pierpoint, daughter to Sir John -Evelyn, of Deane [in Wilts], now widow of Mr. Pierpoint, and mother of -the Earl of Kingston. She was now engaged in the marriage of my cousin, -Evelyn Pierpoint, her second son. - -There was about this time brought into the Downs a vast treasure, which -was sunk in a Spanish galleon about forty-five years ago, somewhere near -Hispaniola, or the Bahama islands, and was now weighed up by some -gentlemen, who were at the charge of divers, etc., to the enriching them -beyond all expectation. The Duke of Albemarle's share [Governor of -Jamaica] came to, I believe, £50,000. Some private gentlemen who -adventured £100, gained from £8,000 to £10,000. His Majesty's tenth was -£10,000. - -The Camp was now again pitched at Hounslow, the Commanders profusely -vying in the expense and magnificence of tents. - -12th June, 1687. Our Vicar preached on 2 Peter ii. 21, upon the danger -of relapsing into sin. After this, I went and heard M. Lamot, an -eloquent French preacher at Greenwich, on Prov. xxx. 8, 9, a consolatory -discourse to the poor and religious refugees who escaped out of France -in the cruel persecution. - -16th June, 1687. I went to Hampton Court to give his Majesty thanks for -his late gracious favor, though it was but granting what was due. While -I was in the Council Chamber, came in some persons, at the head of whom -was a formal man with a large roll of parchment in his hand, being an -ADDRESS (as he said, for he introduced it with a speech) of the people -of Coventry, giving his Majesty their great acknowledgments for his -granting a liberty of conscience; he added that this was not the -application of one party only, but the unanimous address of Church of -England men, Presbyterians, Independents, and Anabaptists, to show how -extensive his Majesty's grace was, as taking in all parties to his -indulgence and protection, which had removed all dissensions and -animosities, which would not only unite them in bonds of Christian -charity, but exceedingly encourage their future industry, to the -improvement of trade, and spreading his Majesty's glory throughout the -world; and that now he had given to God his empire, God would establish -his; with expressions of great loyalty and submission; and so he gave -the roll to the King, which being returned to him again, his Majesty -caused him to read. The address was short, but much to the substance of -the speech of their foreman, to whom the King, pulling off his hat, said -that what he had done in giving liberty of conscience, was, what was -ever his judgment ought to be done; and that, as he would preserve them -in their enjoyment of it during his reign, so he would endeavor to -settle it by law, that it should never be altered by his successors. -After this, he gave them his hand to kiss. It was reported the -subscribers were above 1,000. - -But this is not so remarkable as an address of the week before (as I was -assured by one present), of some of the FAMILY OF LOVE, His Majesty -asked them what this worship consisted in, and how many their party -might consist of; they told him their custom was to read the Scripture, -and then to preach; but did not give any further account, only said that -for the rest they were a sort of refined Quakers, but their number very -small, not consisting, as they said, of above threescore in all, and -those chiefly belonging to the Isle of Ely. - -18th June, 1687. I dined at Mr. Blathwaite's (two miles from Hampton). -This gentleman is Secretary of War, Clerk of the Council, etc., having -raised himself by his industry from very moderate circumstances. He is a -very proper, handsome person, very dexterous in business, and besides -all this, has married a great fortune. His income by the Army, Council, -and Secretary to the Committee of Foreign Plantations, brings him in -above £2,000 per annum. - -23d June, 1687. The Privy Seal for £6,000 was passed to me, so that this -tedious affair was dispatched. Hitherto, a very windy and tempestuous -summer. The French sermons to the refugees were continued at Greenwich -Church. - -[Sidenote: WOTTON] - -19th July, 1687. I went to Wotton. In the way, I dined at Ashted, with -my Lady Mordaunt. - -5th August, 1687. I went to see Albury, now purchased by Mr. Finch (the -King's Solicitor and son to the late Lord Chancellor); I found the -garden which I first designed for the Duke of Norfolk, nothing improved. - -15th August, 1687. I went to visit Lord Clarendon at Swallowfield, where -was my Lord Cornbury just arrived from Denmark, whither he had -accompanied the Prince of Denmark two months before, and now come back. -The miserable tyranny under which that nation lives, he related to us; -the King keeps them under an army of 40,000 men, all Germans, he not -daring to trust his own subjects. Notwithstanding this, the Danes are -exceedingly proud, the country very poor and miserable. - -22d August, 1687. Returned home to Sayes Court from Wotton, having been -five weeks absent with my brother and friends, who entertained us very -nobly. God be praised for his goodness, and this refreshment after my -many troubles, and let his mercy and providence ever preserve me. Amen. - -3d September, 1687. The Lord Mayor sent me an Officer with a staff, to -be one of the Governors of St. Thomas's Hospital. - -PERSECUTION RAGING IN FRANCE; divers churches there fired by lightning, -priests struck, consecrated hosts, etc., burnt and destroyed, both at -St. Malos and Paris, at the grand procession on Corpus Christi day. - -13th September, 1687. I went to Lambeth, and dined with the Archbishop. -After dinner, I retired into the library, which I found exceedingly -improved; there are also divers rare manuscripts in a room apart. - -6th October, 1687. I was godfather to Sir John Chardin's son, christened -at Greenwich Church, named John. The Earl of Bath and Countess of -Carlisle, the other sponsors. - -29th October, 1687. An Anabaptist, a very odd ignorant person, a -mechanic, I think, was Lord Mayor. The King and Queen, and Dadi, the -Pope's Nuncio, invited to a feast at Guildhall. A strange turn of -affairs, that those who scandalized the Church of England as favorers of -Popery, should publicly invite an emissary from Rome, one who -represented the very person of their Antichrist! - -10th December, 1687. My son was returned out of Devon, where he had been -on a commission from the Lords of the Treasury about a concealment of -land. - -20th December, 1687. I went with my Lord Chief-Justice Herbert, to see -his house at Walton-on-Thames: it is a barren place. To a very ordinary -house he had built a very handsome library, designing more building to -it than the place deserves, in my opinion. He desired my advice about -laying out his gardens, etc. The next day, we went to Weybridge, to see -some pictures of the Duchess of Norfolk's, particularly the statue, or -child in gremio, said to be of Michael Angelo; but there are reasons to -think it rather a copy, from some proportion in the figures ill taken. -It was now exposed to sale. - -12th January, 1687-88. Mr. Slingsby, Master of the Mint, being under -very deplorable circumstances on account of his creditors, and -especially the King, I did my endeavor with the Lords of the Treasury to -be favorable to him. - -My Lord Arran, eldest son to the Duke of Hamilton, being now married to -Lady Ann Spencer, eldest daughter of the Earl of Sunderland, Lord -President of the Council, I and my family had most glorious favors sent -us, the wedding being celebrated with extraordinary splendor. - -15th January, 1688. There was a solemn and particular office used at -our, and all the churches of London and ten miles round, for a -thanksgiving to God, for her Majesty being with child. - -22d January, 1688. This afternoon I went not to church, being employed -on a religious treatise I had undertaken. - -_Post annum 1588--1660--1688, Annus Mirabilis Tertius._[64] - - [Footnote 64: This seems to have been added after the page was - written.] - -30th January, 1688. Being the Martyrdom day of King Charles I., our -curate made a florid oration against the murder of that excellent -Prince, with an exhortation to obedience from the example of David; 1 -Samuel xxvi. 6. - -[Sidenote: LONDON] - -12th February, 1688. My daughter Evelyn going in the coach to visit in -the city, a jolt (the door being not fast shut) flung her quite out in -such manner, as the hind wheels passed over her a little above her -knees. Yet it pleased God, besides the bruises of the wheels, she had no -other harm. In two days she was able to walk, and soon after perfectly -well; through God Almighty's great mercy to an excellent wife and a most -dutiful and discreet daughter-in-law. - -17th February, 1688. I received the sad news of my niece Montague's -death at Woodcot on the 15th. - -15th March, 1688. I gave in my account about the sick and wounded, in -order to have my quietus. - -23d March, 1688. Dr. Parker, Bishop of Oxford, who so lately published -his extravagant treatise about transubstantiation, and for abrogating -the test and penal laws, died. He was esteemed a violent, passionate, -haughty man, but yet being pressed to declare for the Church of Rome, he -utterly refused it. A remarkable end! - -The French TYRANT now finding he could make no proselytes among those -Protestants of quality, and others, whom he had caused to be shut up in -dungeons, and confined to nunneries and monasteries, gave them, after so -long trial, a general releasement, and leave to go out of the kingdom, -but utterly taking their estates and their children; so that great -numbers came daily into England and other places, where they were -received and relieved with very considerate Christian charity. This -Providence and goodness of God to those who thus constantly held out, -did so work upon those miserable poor souls who, to avoid the -persecution, signed their renunciation, and to save their estates went -to mass, that reflecting on what they had done, they grew so affected in -their conscience, that not being able to support it, they in great -numbers through all the French provinces, acquainted the magistrates and -lieutenants that being sorry for their apostacy, they were resolved to -return to their old religion; that they would go no more to mass, but -peaceably assemble when they could, to beg pardon and worship God, but -so without weapons as not to give the least umbrage of rebellion or -sedition, imploring their pity and commiseration; and, accordingly, -meeting so from time to time, the dragoon-missioners, Popish officers -and priests, fell upon them, murdered and put them to death, whoever -they could lay hold on; they without the least resistance embraced -death, torture, or hanging, with singing psalms and praying for their -persecutors to the last breath, yet still continuing the former -assembling of themselves in desolate places, suffering with incredible -constancy, that through God's mercy they might obtain pardon for this -lapse. Such examples of Christian behavior have not been seen since the -primitive persecutions; and doubtless God will do some signal work in -the end, if we can with patience and resignation hold out, and depend on -his Providence. - -24th March, 1688. I went with Sir Charles Littleton to Sheen, a house -and estate given him by Lord Brounker; one who was ever noted for a -hard, covetous, vicious man; but for his worldly craft and skill in -gaming few exceeded him. Coming to die, he bequeathed all his land, -house, furniture, etc., to Sir Charles, to whom he had no manner of -relation, but an ancient friendship contracted at the famous siege of -Colchester, forty years before. It is a pretty place, with fine gardens, -and well planted, and given to one worthy of them, Sir Charles being an -honest gentleman and soldier. He is brother to Sir Henry Littleton of -Worcestershire, whose great estate he is likely to inherit, his brother -being without children. They are descendants of the great lawyer of that -name, and give the same arms and motto. He is married to one Mrs. -Temple, formerly maid of honor to the late Queen, a beautiful lady, and -he has many fine children, so that none envy his good fortune. - -After dinner, we went to see Sir William Temple's near to it; the -most remarkable things are his orangery and gardens, where the -wall-fruit-trees are most exquisitely nailed and trained, far better -than I ever noted. - -There are many good pictures, especially of Vandyke's, in both these -houses, and some few statues and small busts in the latter. - -From thence to Kew, to visit Sir Henry Capel's, whose orangery and -_myrtetum_ are most beautiful and perfectly well kept. He was contriving -very high palisadoes of reeds to shade his oranges during the summer, -and painting those reeds in oil. - -[Sidenote: LONDON] - -1st April, 1688. In the morning, the first sermon was by Dr. -Stillingfleet, Dean of St. Paul's (at Whitehall), on Luke x. 41, 42. The -Holy Communion followed, but was so interrupted by the rude breaking in -of multitudes zealous to hear the second sermon, to be preached by the -Bishop of Bath and Wells, that the latter part of that holy office could -hardly be heard, or the sacred elements be distributed without great -trouble. The Princess being come, he preached on Mich. vii. 8, 9, 10, -describing the calamity of the Reformed Church of Judah under the -Babylonian persecution, for her sins, and God's delivery of her on her -repentance; that as Judah emerged, so should the now Reformed Church, -whenever insulted and persecuted. He preached with his accustomed -action, zeal, and energy, so that people flocked from all quarters to -hear him. - -15th April, 1688. A dry, cold, backward spring; easterly winds. - -The persecution still raging in France, multitudes of Protestants, and -many very considerable and great persons flying hither, produced a -second general contribution, the Papists, by God's Providence, as yet -making small progress among us. - -29th April, 1688. The weather was, till now, so cold and sharp, by an -almost perpetual east wind, which had continued many months, that there -was little appearance of any spring, and yet the winter was very -favorable as to frost and snow. - -2d May, 1688. To London, about my petition for allowances upon the -account of Commissioner for Sick and Wounded in the former war with -Holland. - -8th May, 1688. His Majesty, alarmed by the great fleet of the Dutch -(while we had a very inconsiderable one), went down to Chatham; their -fleet was well prepared, and out, before we were in any readiness, or -had any considerable number to have encountered them, had there been -occasion, to the great reproach of the nation; while being in profound -peace, there was a mighty land army, which there was no need of, and no -force at sea, where only was the apprehension; but the army was -doubtless kept and increased, in order to bring in and countenance -Popery, the King beginning to discover his intention, by many instances -pursued by the Jesuits, against his first resolution to alter nothing in -the Church Establishment, so that it appeared there can be no reliance -on Popish promises. - -18th May, 1688. The King enjoining the ministers to read his -Declaration for giving liberty of conscience (as it was styled) in all -churches of England, this evening, six Bishops, Bath and Wells,[65] -Peterborough,[66] Ely,[67] Chichester,[68] St. Asaph,[69] and -Bristol,[70] in the name of all the rest of the Bishops, came to his -Majesty to petition him, that he would not impose the reading of it to -the several congregations within their dioceses; not that they were -averse to the publishing it for want of due tenderness toward -dissenters, in relation to whom they should be willing to come to such a -temper as should be thought fit, when that matter might be considered -and settled in Parliament and Convocation; but that, the Declaration -being founded on such a dispensing power as might at pleasure set aside -all laws ecclesiastical and civil, it appeared to them illegal, as it -had done to the Parliament in 1661 and 1672, and that it was a point of -such consequence, that they could not so far make themselves parties to -it, as the reading of it in church in time of divine service amounted -to. - - [Footnote 65: Thomas Ken.] - - [Footnote 66: Thomas White.] - - [Footnote 67: Francis Turner.] - - [Footnote 68: John Lake.] - - [Footnote 69: William Lloyd.] - - [Footnote 70: Sir John Trelawny, Bart.] - -The King was so far incensed at this address, that he with threatening -expressions commanded them to obey him in reading it at their perils, -and so dismissed them. - -[Sidenote: LONDON] - -20th May, 1688. I went to Whitehall Chapel, where, after the morning -lessons, the Declaration was read by one of the choir who used to read -the chapters. I hear it was in the Abbey Church, Westminster, but almost -universally forborne throughout all London: the consequences of which a -little time will show. - -25th May, 1688. All the discourse now was about the Bishops refusing to -read the injunction for the abolition of the Test, etc. It seems the -injunction came so crudely from the Secretary's office, that it was -neither sealed nor signed in form, nor had any lawyer been consulted, so -as the Bishops who took all imaginable advice, put the Court to great -difficulties how to proceed against them. Great were the consults, and a -proclamation was expected all this day; but nothing was done. The action -of the Bishops was universally applauded, and reconciled many adverse -parties, Papists only excepted, who were now exceedingly perplexed, and -violent courses were every moment expected. Report was, that the -Protestant secular Lords and Nobility would abet the Clergy. - -The Queen Dowager, hitherto bent on her return into Portugal, now on the -sudden, on allegation of a great debt owing her by his Majesty disabling -her, declares her resolution to stay. - -News arrived of the most prodigious earthquake that was almost ever -heard of, subverting the city of Lima and country in Peru, with a -dreadful inundation following it. - -8th June, 1688. This day, the Archbishop of Canterbury, with the -Bishops of Ely, Chichester, St. Asaph, Bristol, Peterborough, and Bath -and Wells, were sent from the Privy Council prisoners to the Tower, for -refusing to give bail for their appearance, on their not reading the -Declaration for liberty of conscience; they refused to give bail, as it -would have prejudiced their peerage. The concern of the people for them -was wonderful, infinite crowds on their knees begging their blessing, -and praying for them, as they passed out of the barge along the Tower -wharf. - -10th June, 1688. A YOUNG PRINCE born, which will cause disputes. - -About two o'clock, we heard the Tower ordnance discharged, and the bells -ring for the birth of a Prince of Wales. This was very surprising, it -having been universally given out that her Majesty did not look till the -next month. - -13th June, 1688. I went to the Tower to see the Bishops, visited the -Archbishop and the Bishops of Ely, St. Asaph, and Bath and Wells. - -14th June, 1688. Dined with the Lord Chancellor. - -15th June, 1688. Being the first day of term, the Bishops were brought -to Westminster on habeas corpus, when the indictment was read, and they -were called on to plead; their counsel objected that the warrant was -illegal; but, after long debate, it was overruled, and they pleaded. The -Court then offered to take bail for their appearance; but this they -refused, and at last were dismissed on their own recognizances to appear -that day fortnight; the Archbishop in £200, the Bishops in £100 each. - -17 June, 1688. Was a day of thanksgiving in London and ten miles about -for the young Prince's birth; a form of prayer made for the purpose by -the Bishop of Rochester. - -29th June, 1688. They appeared; the trial lasted from nine in the -morning to past six in the evening, when the jury retired to consider of -their verdict, and the Court adjourned to nine the next morning. The -jury were locked up till that time, eleven of them being for an -acquittal; but one (Arnold, a brewer) would not consent. At length he -agreed with the others. The Chief Justice, Wright, behaved with great -moderation and civility to the Bishops. Alibone, a Papist, was strongly -against them; but Holloway and Powell being of opinion in their favor, -they were acquitted. When this was heard, there was great rejoicing; and -there was a lane of people from the King's Bench to the water side, on -their knees, as the Bishops passed and repassed, to beg their blessing. -Bonfires were made that night, and bells rung, which was taken very ill -at Court, and an appearance of nearly sixty Earls and Lords, etc., on -the bench, did not a little comfort them; but indeed they were all along -full of comfort and cheerful. - -Note, they denied to pay the Lieutenant of the Tower (Hales, who used -them very surlily), any fees, alleging that none were due. - -The night was solemnized with bonfires, and other fireworks, etc. - -2d July, 1688. The two judges, Holloway and Powell, were displaced. - -3d July, 1688. I went with Dr. Godolphin and his brother Sir William to -St. Alban's, to see a library he would have bought of the widow of Dr. -Cartwright, late Archdeacon of St. Alban's, a very good collection of -books, especially in divinity; he was to give £300 for them. Having seen -the GREAT CHURCH, now newly repaired by a public contribution, we -returned home. - -8th July, 1688. One of the King's chaplains preached before the Princess -on Exodus xiv. 13, "Stand still, and behold the salvation of the Lord," -which he applied so boldly to the present conjuncture of the Church of -England, that more could scarce be said to encourage desponders. The -Popish priests were not able to carry their cause against their learned -adversaries, who confounded them both by their disputes and writings. - -12th July, 1688. The camp now began at Hounslow, but the nation was in -high discontent. - -Colonel Titus, Sir Henry Vane (son of him who was executed for his -treason), and some other of the Presbyterians and Independent party, -were sworn of the Privy Council, from hopes of thereby diverting that -party from going over to the Bishops and Church of England, which now -they began to do, foreseeing the design of the Papists to descend and -take in their most hateful of heretics (as they at other times expressed -them to be) to effect their own ends, now evident; the utter extirpation -of the Church of England first, and then the rest would follow. - -17th July, 1688. This night the fireworks were played off, that had been -prepared for the Queen's upsitting. We saw them to great advantage; they -were very fine, and cost some thousands of pounds, in the pyramids, -statues, etc., but were spent too soon for so long a preparation. - -26th July, 1688. I went to Lambeth to visit the Archbishop, whom I -found very cheerful. - -10th August, 1688. Dr. Tenison now told me there would suddenly be some -great thing discovered. This was the Prince of Orange intending to come -over. - -15th August, 1688. I went to Althorpe, in Northamptonshire, seventy -miles. A coach and four horses took up me and my son at Whitehall, and -carried us to Dunstable, where we arrived and dined at noon, and from -thence another coach and six horses carried us to Althorpe, four miles -beyond Northampton, where we arrived by seven o'clock that evening. Both -these coaches were hired for me by that noble Countess of Sunderland, -who invited me to her house at Althorpe, where she entertained me and my -son with very extraordinary kindness; I stayed till the Thursday. - -18th August, 1688. Dr. Jeffryes, the minister of Althorpe, who was my -Lord's chaplain when ambassador in France, preached the shortest -discourse I ever heard; but what was defective in the amplitude of his -sermon, he had supplied in the largeness and convenience of the -parsonage house, which the doctor (who had at least £600 a year in -spiritual advancement) had newly built, and made fit for a person of -quality to live in, with gardens and all accommodation according -therewith. - -My lady carried us to see Lord Northampton's Seat, a very strong, large -house, built with stone, not altogether modern. They were enlarging the -garden, in which was nothing extraordinary, except the iron gate opening -into the park, which indeed was very good work, wrought in flowers -painted with blue and gilded. There is a noble walk of elms toward the -front of the house by the bowling green. I was not in any room of the -house besides a lobby looking into the garden, where my Lord and his new -Countess (Sir Stephen Fox's daughter, whom I had known from a child) -entertained the Countess and her daughter the Countess of Arran (newly -married to the son of the Duke of Hamilton), with so little good grace, -and so dully, that our visit was very short, and so we returned to -Althorpe, twelve miles distant. - -[Sidenote: ALTHORPE] - -The house, or rather palace, at Althorpe, is a noble uniform pile in -form of a half H, built of brick and freestone, balustered and _à la -moderne_; the hall is well, the staircase excellent; the rooms of state, -galleries, offices and furniture, such as may become a great prince. It -is situated in the midst of a garden, exquisitely planted and kept, and -all this in a park walled in with hewn stone, planted with rows and -walks of trees, canals and fish ponds, and stored with game. And, what -is above all this, governed by a lady, who without any show of -solicitude, keeps everything in such admirable order, both within and -without, from the garret to the cellar, that I do not believe there is -any in this nation, or in any other, that exceeds her in such exact -order, without ostentation, but substantially great and noble. The -meanest servant is lodged so neat and cleanly; the service at the -several tables, the good order and decency--in a word, the entire -economy is perfectly becoming a wise and noble person. She is one who -for her distinguished esteem of me from a long and worthy friendship, I -must ever honor and celebrate. I wish from my soul the Lord, her husband -(whose parts and abilities are otherwise conspicuous), was as worthy of -her, as by a fatal apostasy and court-ambition he has made himself -unworthy! This is what she deplores, and it renders her as much -affliction as a lady of great soul and much prudence is capable of. The -Countess of Bristol, her mother, a grave and honorable lady, has the -comfort of seeing her daughter and grandchildren under the same economy, -especially Mr. Charles Spencer, a youth of extraordinary hopes, very -learned for his age, and ingenious, and under a governor of great worth. -Happy were it, could as much be said of the elder brother, the Lord -Spencer, who, rambling about the world, dishonors both his name and his -family, adding sorrow to sorrow to a mother, who has taken all -imaginable care of his education. There is a daughter very young married -to the Earl of Clancarty, who has a great and fair estate in Ireland, -but who yet gives no great presage of worth,--so universally -contaminated is the youth of this corrupt and abandoned age! But this is -again recompensed by my Lord Arran, a sober and worthy gentleman, who -has espoused the Lady Ann Spencer, a young lady of admirable -accomplishments and virtue. - -23d August, 1688. I left this noble place and conversation, my lady -having provided carriages to convey us back in the same manner as we -went, and a dinner being prepared at Dunstable against our arrival. -Northampton, having been lately burned and re-edified, is now become a -town that for the beauty of the buildings, especially the church and -townhouse, may compare with the neatest in Italy itself. - -Dr. Sprat, Bishop of Rochester, wrote a very honest and handsome letter -to the Commissioners Ecclesiastical, excusing himself from sitting any -longer among them, he by no means approving of their prosecuting the -Clergy who refused to read the Declaration for liberty of conscience, in -prejudice of the Church of England. - -The Dutch make extraordinary preparations both at sea and land, which -with no small progress Popery makes among us, puts us to many -difficulties. The Popish Irish soldiers commit many murders and insults; -the whole nation disaffected, and in apprehensions. - -After long trials of the doctors to bring up the little Prince of Wales -by hand (so many of her Majesty's children having died infants) not -succeeding, a country nurse, the wife of a tile maker, is taken to give -it suck. - -18th September, 1688. I went to London, where I found the Court in the -utmost consternation on report of the Prince of Orange's landing; which -put Whitehall into so panic a fear, that I could hardly believe it -possible to find such a change. - -Writs were issued in order to a Parliament, and a declaration to back -the good order of elections, with great professions of maintaining the -Church of England, but without giving any sort of satisfaction to the -people, who showed their high discontent at several things in the -Government. - -Earthquakes had utterly demolished the ancient Smyrna, and several other -places in Greece, Italy, and even in the Spanish Indies, forerunners of -greater calamities. God Almighty preserve his Church and all who put -themselves under the shadow of his wings, till these things be -overpassed. - -30th September, 1688. The Court in so extraordinary a consternation, on -assurance of the Prince of Orange's intention to land, that the writs -sent forth for a Parliament were recalled. - -[Sidenote: LONDON] - -7th October, 1688. Dr. Tenison preached at St. Martin's on 2 Tim. iii. -16, showing the Scriptures to be our only rule of faith, and its -perfection above all traditions. After which, near 1,000 devout persons -partook of the Communion. The sermon was chiefly occasioned by a Jesuit, -who in the Masshouse on the Sunday before had disparaged the Scripture -and railed at our translation, which some present contradicting, they -pulled him out of the pulpit, and treated him very coarsely, insomuch -that it was like to create a great disturbance in the city. - -Hourly expectation of the Prince of Orange's invasion heightened to that -degree, that his Majesty thought fit to abrogate the Commission for the -dispensing Power (but retaining his own right still to dispense with all -laws) and restore the ejected Fellows of Magdalen College, Oxford. In -the meantime, he called over 5,000 Irish, and 4,000 Scots, and continued -to remove Protestants and put in Papists at Portsmouth and other places -of trust, and retained the Jesuits about him, increasing the universal -discontent. It brought people to so desperate a pass, that they seemed -passionately to long for and desire the landing of that Prince, whom -they looked on to be their deliverer from Popish tyranny, praying -incessantly for an east wind, which was said to be the only hindrance of -his expedition with a numerous army ready to make a descent. To such a -strange temper, and unheard of in former times, was this poor nation -reduced, and of which I was an eyewitness. The apprehension was (and -with reason) that his Majesty's forces would neither at land nor sea -oppose them with that vigor requisite to repel invaders. - -The late imprisoned Bishops were now called to reconcile matters, and -the Jesuits hard at work to foment confusion among the Protestants by -their usual tricks. A letter was sent to the Archbishop of -Canterbury,[71] informing him, from good hands, of what was contriving -by them. A paper of what the Bishops advised his Majesty was published. -The Bishops were enjoined to prepare a form of prayer against the feared -invasion. A pardon published. Soldiers and mariners daily pressed. - - [Footnote 71: By Evelyn himself. The letter was as follows:-- - - "My Lord, The honor and reputation which your Grace's piety, - prudence, and signal courage, have justly merited and obtained, not - only from the sons of the Church of England, but even universally - from those Protestants among us who are Dissenters from her - discipline; God Almighty's Providence and blessing upon your Grace's - vigilancy and extraordinary endeavors will not suffer to be - diminished in this conjuncture. The conversation I now and then have - with some in place who have the opportunity of knowing what is doing - in the most secret recesses and cabals of our Church's adversaries, - obliges me to acquaint you, that the calling of your Grace and the - rest of the Lords Bishops to Court, and what has there of late been - required of you, is only to create a jealousy and suspicion among - well-meaning people of such compliances, as it is certain they have - no cause to apprehend. The plan of this and of all that which is to - follow of seeming favor thence, is wholly drawn by the Jesuits, who - are at this time more than ever busy to make divisions among us, all - other arts and mechanisms having hitherto failed them. They have, - with other things contrived that your Lordships the Bishops should - give his Majesty advice separately, without calling any of the rest - of the Peers, which, though maliciously suggested, spreads generally - about the town. I do not at all question but your Grace will - speedily prevent the operation of this venom, and that you will - think it highly necessary so to do, that your Grace is also enjoined - to compose a form of prayer, wherein the Prince of Orange is - expressly to be named the Invader: of this I presume not to say - anything; but for as much as in all the Declarations, etc., which - have hitherto been published in pretended favor of the Church of - England, there is not once the least mention of the REFORMED or - PROTESTANT RELIGION, but only of the CHURCH OF ENGLAND AS BY LAW - ESTABLISHED, which Church the Papists tell us is the CHURCH OF ROME, - which is (say they) the Catholic Church of England--that only is - established by Law; the Church of England in the REFORMED sense so - established, is but by an usurped authority. The antiquity of THAT - would by these words be explained, and utterly defeat this false and - subdolous construction, and take off all exceptions whatsoever; if, - in all extraordinary offices, upon these occasions, the words - REFORMED and PROTESTANT were added to that of the CHURCH OF ENGLAND - BY LAW ESTABLISHED. And whosoever threatens to invade or come - against us, to the prejudice of that Church, in God's name, be they - Dutch or Irish, let us heartily pray and fight against them. My - Lord, this is, I confess, a bold, but honest period; and, though I - am well assured that your Grace is perfectly acquainted with all - this before, and therefore may blame my impertinence, as that does - [Greek: allotrioepiskopein]; yet I am confident you will not reprove - the zeal of one who most humbly begs your Grace's pardon, with your - blessing. Lond., 10 Oct., 1688." (From a copy in Evelyn's - handwriting.) See _post_, p. 285.] - -14th October, 1688. The King's birthday. No guns from the Tower as -usual. The sun eclipsed at its rising. This day signal for the victory -of William the Conqueror against Harold, near Battel, in Sussex. The -wind, which had been hitherto west, was east all this day. Wonderful -expectation of the Dutch fleet. Public prayers ordered to be read in the -churches against invasion. - -28th October, 1688. A tumult in London on the rabble demolishing a -Popish chapel that had been set up in the city. - -29th October, 1688. Lady Sunderland acquainted me with his Majesty's -taking away the Seals from Lord Sunderland, and of her being with the -Queen to intercede for him. It is conceived that he had of late grown -remiss in pursuing the interest of the Jesuitical counsels; some -reported one thing, some another; but there was doubtless some secret -betrayed, which time may discover. - -There was a Council called, to which were summoned the Archbishop of -Canterbury, the Judges, the Lord Mayor, etc. The Queen Dowager, and all -the ladies and lords who were present at the Queen Consort's labor, were -to give their testimony upon oath of the Prince of Wales's birth, -recorded both at the Council Board and at the Chancery a day or two -after. This procedure was censured by some as below his Majesty to -condescend to, on the talk of the people. It was remarkable that on this -occasion the Archbishop, Marquis of Halifax, the Earls of Clarendon and -Nottingham, refused to sit at the Council table among Papists, and their -bold telling his Majesty that whatever was done while such sat among -them was unlawful and incurred _prĉmunire_;--at least, if what I heard -be true. - -30th October, 1688. I dined with Lord Preston, made Secretary of State, -in the place of the Earl of Sunderland. - -Visited Mr. Boyle, when came in the Duke of Hamilton and Earl of -Burlington. The Duke told us many particulars of Mary Queen of Scots, -and her amours with the Italian favorite, etc. - -31st October, 1688. My birthday, being the 68th year of my age. O -blessed Lord, grant that as I grow in years, so may I improve in grace! -Be thou my protector this following year, and preserve me and mine from -those dangers and great confusions that threaten a sad revolution to -this sinful nation! Defend thy church, our holy religion, and just laws, -disposing his Majesty to listen to sober and healing counsels, that if -it be thy blessed will, we may still enjoy that happy tranquility which -hitherto thou hast continued to us! Amen, Amen! - -1st November, 1688. Dined with Lord Preston, with other company, at Sir -Stephen Fox's. Continual alarms of the Prince of Orange, but no -certainty. Reports of his great losses of horse in the storm, but -without any assurance. A man was taken with divers papers and printed -manifestoes, and carried to Newgate, after examination at the Cabinet -Council. There was likewise a declaration of the States for satisfaction -of all public ministers at The Hague, except to the English and the -French. There was in that of the Prince's an expression, as if the Lords -both spiritual and temporal had invited him over, with a deduction of -the causes of his enterprise. This made his Majesty convene my Lord of -Canterbury and the other Bishops now in town, to give an account of what -was in the manifesto, and to enjoin them to clear themselves by some -public writing of this disloyal charge. - -2d November, 1688. It was now certainly reported by some who saw the -fleet, and the Prince embark, that they sailed from the Brill on -Wednesday morning, and that the Princess of Orange was there to take -leave of her husband. - -4th November, 1688. Fresh reports of the Prince being landed somewhere -about Portsmouth, or the Isle of Wight, whereas it was thought it would -have been northward. The Court in great hurry. - -[Sidenote: LONDON] - -5th November, 1688. I went to London; heard the news of the Prince -having landed at Torbay, coming with a fleet of near 700 sail, passing -through the Channel with so favorable a wind, that our navy could not -intercept, or molest them. This put the King and Court into great -consternation, they were now employed in forming an army to stop their -further progress, for they were got into Exeter, and the season and ways -very improper for his Majesty's forces to march so great a distance. - -The Archbishop of Canterbury and some few of the other Bishops and -Lords in London, were sent for to Whitehall, and required to set forth -their abhorrence of this invasion. They assured his Majesty that they -had never invited any of the Prince's party, or were in the least privy -to it, and would be ready to show all testimony of their loyalty; but, -as to a public declaration, being so few, they desired that his Majesty -would call the rest of their brethren and Peers, that they might consult -what was fit to be done on this occasion, not thinking it right to -publish anything without them, and till they had themselves seen the -Prince's manifesto, in which it was pretended he was invited in by the -Lords, spiritual and temporal. This did not please the King; so they -departed. - -A declaration was published, prohibiting all persons to see or read the -Prince's manifesto, in which was set forth at large the cause of his -expedition, as there had been one before from the States. - -These are the beginnings of sorrow, unless God in his mercy prevent it -by some happy reconciliation of all dissensions among us. This, in all -likelihood, nothing can effect except a free Parliament; but this we -cannot hope to see, while there are any forces on either side. I pray -God to protect and direct the King for the best and truest interest of -his people!--I saw his Majesty touch for the evil, Piten the Jesuit, and -Warner officiating. - -14th November, 1688. The Prince increases everyday in force. Several -Lords go in to him. Lord Cornbury carries some regiments, and marches to -Honiton, the Prince's headquarters. The city of London in disorder; the -rabble pulled down the nunnery newly bought by the Papists of Lord -Berkeley, at St. John's. The Queen prepares to go to Portsmouth for -safety, to attend the issue of this commotion, which has a dreadful -aspect. - -18th November, 1688. It was now a very hard frost. The King goes to -Salisbury to rendezvous the army, and return to London. Lord Delamere -appears for the Prince in Cheshire. The nobility meet in Yorkshire. The -Archbishop of Canterbury and some Bishops, and such Peers as were in -London, address his Majesty to call a Parliament. The King invites all -foreign nations to come over. The French take all the Palatinate, and -alarm the Germans more than ever. - -29th November, 1688. I went to the Royal Society. We adjourned the -election of a President to 23d of April, by reason of the public -commotions, yet dined together as of custom this day. - -2d December, 1688. Dr. Tenison preached at St. Martin's on Psalm xxxvi. -5, 6, 7, concerning Providence. I received the blessed Sacrament. -Afterward, visited my Lord Godolphin, then going with the Marquis of -Halifax and Earl of Nottingham as Commissioners to the Prince of Orange; -he told me they had little power. Plymouth declared for the Prince. -Bath, York, Hull, Bristol, and all the eminent nobility and persons of -quality through England, declare for the Protestant religion and laws, -and go to meet the Prince, who every day sets forth new Declarations -against the Papists. The great favorites at Court, Priests and Jesuits, -fly or abscond. Everything, till now concealed, flies abroad in public -print, and is cried about the streets. Expectation of the Prince coming -to Oxford. The Prince of Wales and great treasure sent privily to -Portsmouth, the Earl of Dover being Governor. Address from the Fleet not -grateful to his Majesty. The Papists in offices lay down their -commissions, and fly. Universal consternation among them; it looks like -a revolution. - -7th December, 1688. My son went toward Oxford. I returned home. - -9th December, 1688. Lord Sunderland meditates flight. The rabble -demolished all Popish chapels, and several Papist lords and gentlemen's -houses, especially that of the Spanish Ambassador, which they pillaged, -and burned his library. - -13th December, 1688. The King flies to sea, puts in at Faversham for -ballast; is rudely treated by the people; comes back to Whitehall. - -The Prince of Orange is advanced to Windsor, is invited by the King to -St. James's, the messenger sent was the Earl of Faversham, the General -of the Forces, who going without trumpet, or passport, is detained -prisoner by the Prince, who accepts the invitation, but requires his -Majesty to retire to some distant place, that his own guards may be -quartered about the palace and city. This is taken heinously and the -King goes privately to Rochester; is persuaded to come back; comes on -the Sunday; goes to mass, and dines in public, a Jesuit saying grace (I -was present). - -17th December, 1688. That night was a Council; his Majesty refuses to -assent to all the proposals; goes away again to Rochester. - -[Sidenote: LONDON] - -18th December, 1688. I saw the King take barge to Gravesend at twelve -o'clock--a sad sight! The Prince comes to St. James's, and fills -Whitehall with Dutch guards. A Council of Peers meet about an expedient -to call a Parliament; adjourn to the House of Lords. The Chancellor, -Earl of Peterborough, and divers others taken. The Earl of Sunderland -flies; Sir Edward Hale, Walker, and others, taken and secured. - -All the world go to see the Prince at St. James's, where there is a -great Court. There I saw him, and several of my acquaintance who came -over with him. He is very stately, serious and reserved. The English -soldiers sent out of town to disband them; not well pleased. - -24th December, 1688. The King passes into France, whither the Queen and -child were gone a few days before. - -26th December, 1688. The Peers and such Commoners as were members of the -Parliament at Oxford, being the last of Charles II. meeting, desire the -Prince of Orange to take on him the disposal of the public revenue till -a convention of Lords and Commons should meet in full body, appointed by -his circular letters to the shires and boroughs, 22d of January. I had -now quartered upon me a Lieutenant-Colonel and eight horses. - -30th December, 1688. This day prayers for the Prince of Wales were first -left off in our Church. - -7th January, 1688-89. A long frost and deep snow; the Thames almost -frozen over. - -15th January, 1689. I visited the Archbishop of Canterbury, where I -found the Bishops of St. Asaph, Ely, Bath and Wells, Peterborough, and -Chichester, the Earls of Aylesbury and Clarendon, Sir George Mackenzie, -Lord-Advocate of Scotland, and then came in a Scotch Archbishop, etc. -After prayers and dinner, divers serious matters were discoursed, -concerning the present state of the Public, and sorry I was to find -there was as yet no accord in the judgments of those of the Lords and -Commons who were to convene; some would have the Princess made Queen -without any more dispute, others were for a Regency; there was a Tory -party (then so called), who were for inviting his Majesty again upon -conditions; and there were Republicans who would make the Prince of -Orange like a Stadtholder. The Romanists were busy among these several -parties to bring them into confusion: most for ambition or other -interest, few for conscience and moderate resolutions. I found nothing -of all this in this assembly of Bishops, who were pleased to admit me -into their discourses; they were all for a Regency, thereby to salve -their oaths, and so all public matters to proceed in his Majesty's name, -by that to facilitate the calling of Parliament, according to the laws -in being. Such was the result of this meeting. - -My Lord of Canterbury gave me great thanks for the advertisement I sent -him in October, and assured me they took my counsel in that particular, -and that it came very seasonably. - -I found by the Lord-Advocate that the Bishops of Scotland (who were -indeed little worthy of that character, and had done much mischief in -that Church) were now coming about to the true interest, in this -conjuncture which threatened to abolish the whole hierarchy in that -kingdom; and therefore the Scottish Archbishop and Lord-Advocate -requested the Archbishop of Canterbury to use his best endeavors with -the Prince to maintain the Church there in the same state, as by law at -present settled. - -It now growing late, after some private discourse with his Grace, I took -my leave, most of the Lords being gone. - -The trial of the bishops was now printed. - -The great convention being assembled the day before, falling upon the -question about the government, resolved that King James having by the -advice of the Jesuits and other wicked persons endeavored to subvert the -laws of the Church and State, and deserted the kingdom, carrying away -the seals, etc., without any care for the management of the government, -had by demise abdicated himself and wholly vacated his right; they did -therefore desire the Lords' concurrence to their vote, to place the -crown on the next heir, the Prince of Orange, for his life, then to the -Princess, his wife, and if she died without issue, to the Princess of -Denmark, and she failing, to the heirs of the Prince, excluding forever -all possibility of admitting a Roman Catholic. - -[Sidenote: LONDON] - -27th January, 1689. I dined at the Admiralty, where was brought in a -child not twelve years old, the son of one Dr. Clench, of the most -prodigious maturity of knowledge, for I cannot call it altogether -memory, but something more extraordinary. Mr. Pepys and myself examined -him, not in any method, but with promiscuous questions, which required -judgment and discernment to answer so readily and pertinently. There was -not anything in chronology, history, geography, the several systems of -astronomy, courses of the stars, longitude, latitude, doctrine of the -spheres, courses and sources of rivers, creeks, harbors, eminent cities, -boundaries and bearings of countries, not only in Europe, but in any -other part of the earth, which he did not readily resolve and -demonstrate his knowledge of, readily drawing out with a pen anything he -would describe. He was able not only to repeat the most famous things -which are left us in any of the Greek or Roman histories, monarchies, -republics, wars, colonies, exploits by sea and land, but all the sacred -stories of the Old and New Testament; the succession of all the -monarchies, Babylonian, Persian, Greek, Roman, with all the lower -Emperors, Popes, Heresiarchs, and Councils, what they were called about, -what they determined, or in the controversy about Easter, the tenets of -the Gnostics, Sabellians, Arians, Nestorians; the difference between St. -Cyprian and Stephen about re-baptism, the schisms. We leaped from that -to other things totally different, to Olympic years, and synchronisms; -we asked him questions which could not be resolved without considerable -meditation and judgment, nay of some particulars of the Civil Laws, of -the Digest and Code. He gave a stupendous account of both natural and -moral philosophy, and even in metaphysics. - -Having thus exhausted ourselves rather than this wonderful child, or -angel rather, for he was as beautiful and lovely in countenance as in -knowledge, we concluded with asking him if, in all he had read or heard -of, he had ever met with anything which was like this expedition of the -Prince of Orange, with so small a force to obtain three great kingdoms -without any contest. After a little thought, he told us that he knew of -nothing which did more resemble it than the coming of Constantine the -Great out of Britain, through France and Italy, so tedious a march, to -meet Maxentius, whom he overthrew at Pons Milvius with very little -conflict, and at the very gates of Rome, which he entered and was -received with triumph, and obtained the empire, not of three kingdoms -only, but of all the then known world. He was perfect in the Latin -authors, spoke French naturally, and gave us a description of France, -Italy, Savoy, Spain, ancient and modernly divided; as also of ancient -Greece, Scythia, and northern countries and tracts: we left questioning -further. He did this without any set or formal repetitions, as one who -had learned things without book, but as if he minded other things, going -about the room, and toying with a parrot there, and as he was at dinner -(_tanquam aliua agens_, as it were) seeming to be full of play, of a -lively, sprightly temper, always smiling, and exceedingly pleasant, -without the least levity, rudeness, or childishness. - -His father assured us he never imposed anything to charge his memory by -causing him to get things by heart, not even the rules of grammar; but -his tutor (who was a Frenchman) read to him, first in French, then in -Latin; that he usually played among other boys four or five hours every -day, and that he was as earnest at his play as at his study. He was -perfect in arithmetic, and now newly entered into Greek. In sum -(_horresco referens_), I had read of divers forward and precocious -youths, and some I have known, but I never did either hear or read of -anything like to this sweet child, if it be right to call him child who -has more knowledge than most men in the world. I counseled his father -not to set his heart too much on this jewel, - - "_Immodicis brevis est ĉtas, et rara senectus,_" - -as I myself learned by sad experience in my most dear child Richard, -many years since, who, dying before he was six years old, was both in -shape and countenance and pregnancy of learning, next to a prodigy. - -29th January, 1689. The votes of the House of Commons being carried up -by Mr. Hampden, their chairman, to the Lords, I got a station by the -Prince's lodgings at the door of the lobby to the House, and heard much -of the debate, which lasted very long. Lord Derby was in the chair (for -the House was resolved into a grand committee of the whole House); after -all had spoken, it came to the question, which was carried by three -voices against a Regency, which 51 were for, 54 against; the minority -alleging the danger of dethroning Kings, and scrupling many passages and -expressions in the vote of the Commons, too long to set down -particularly. Some were for sending to his Majesty with conditions: -others that the King could do no wrong, and that the maladministration -was chargeable on his ministers. There were not more than eight or nine -bishops, and but two against the Regency; the archbishop was absent, and -the clergy now began to change their note, both in pulpit and discourse, -on their old passive obedience, so as people began to talk of the -bishops being cast out of the House. In short, things tended to -dissatisfaction on both sides; add to this, the morose temper of the -Prince of Orange, who showed little countenance to the noblemen and -others, who expected a more gracious and cheerful reception when they -made their court. The English army also was not so in order, and firm to -his interest, nor so weakened but that it might give interruption. -Ireland was in an ill posture as well as Scotland. Nothing was yet done -toward a settlement. God of his infinite mercy compose these things, -that we may be at last a Nation and a Church under some fixed and sober -establishment! - -30th January, 1689. The anniversary of King Charles I.'s MARTYRDOM; but -in all the public offices and pulpit prayers, the collects, and litany -for the King and Queen were curtailed and mutilated. Dr. Sharp preached -before the Commons, but was disliked, and not thanked for his sermon. - -31st January, 1689. At our church (the next day being appointed a -thanksgiving for deliverance by the Prince of Orange, with prayers -purposely composed), our lecturer preached in the afternoon a very -honest sermon, showing our duty to God for the many signal deliverances -of our Church, without touching on politics. - -6th February, 1689. The King's coronation day was ordered not to be -observed, as hitherto it had been. - -The Convention of the Lords and Commons now declare the Prince and -Princess of Orange King and Queen of England, France, and Ireland -(Scotland being an independent kingdom), the Prince and Princess being -to enjoy it jointly during their lives; but the executive authority to -be vested in the Prince during life, though all proceedings to run in -both names, and that it should descend to their issue, and for want of -such, to the Princess Anne of Denmark and her issue, and in want of -such, to the heirs of the body of the Prince, if he survive, and that -failing, to devolve to the Parliament, as they should think fit. These -produced a conference with the Lords, when also there was presented -heads of such new laws as were to be enacted. It is thought on these -conditions they will be proclaimed. - -There was much contest about the King's abdication, and whether he had -vacated the government. The Earl of Nottingham and about twenty Lords, -and many Bishops, entered their protests, but the concurrence was great -against them. - -The Princess hourly expected. Forces sending to Ireland, that kingdom -being in great danger by the Earl of Tyrconnel's army, and expectations -from France coming to assist them, but that King was busy in invading -Flanders, and encountering the German Princes. It is likely that this -will be the most remarkable summer for action, which has happened in -many years. - -[Sidenote: LONDON] - -21st February, 1689. Dr. Burnet preached at St. James's on the -obligation to walk worthy of God's particular and signal deliverance of -the nation and church. - -I saw the NEW QUEEN and KING proclaimed the very next day after her -coming to Whitehall, Wednesday, 13th February, with great acclamation -and general good reception. Bonfires, bells, guns, etc. It was believed -that both, especially the Princess, would have shown some (seeming) -reluctance at least, of assuming her father's crown, and made some -apology, testifying by her regret that he should by his mismanagement -necessitate the nation to so extraordinary a proceeding, which would -have shown very handsomely to the world, and according to the character -given of her piety; consonant also to her husband's first declaration, -that there was no intention of deposing the King, but of succoring the -nation; but nothing of all this appeared; she came into Whitehall -laughing and jolly, as to a wedding, so as to seem quite transported. -She rose early the next morning, and in her undress, as it was reported, -before her women were up, went about from room to room to see the -convenience of Whitehall; lay in the same bed and apartment where the -late Queen lay, and within a night or two sat down to play at basset, as -the Queen, her predecessor used to do. She smiled upon and talked to -everybody, so that no change seemed to have taken place at Court since -her last going away, save that infinite crowds of people thronged to see -her, and that she went to our prayers. This carriage was censured by -many. She seems to be of a good nature, and that she takes nothing to -heart: while the Prince, her husband, has a thoughtful countenance, is -wonderfully serious and silent, and seems to treat all persons alike -gravely, and to be very intent on affairs: Holland, Ireland, and France -calling for his care. - -Divers Bishops and Noblemen are not at all satisfied with this so sudden -assumption of the Crown, without any previous sending, and offering some -conditions to the absent King; or on his not returning, or not assenting -to those conditions, to have proclaimed him Regent; but the major part -of both Houses prevailed to make them King and Queen immediately, and a -crown was tempting. This was opposed and spoken against with such -vehemence by Lord Clarendon (her own uncle), that it put him by all -preferment, which must doubtless have been as great as could have been -given him. My Lord of Rochester, his brother, overshot himself, by the -same carriage and stiffness, which their friends thought they might have -well spared when they saw how it was like to be overruled, and that it -had been sufficient to have declared their dissent with less passion, -acquiescing in due time. - -The Archbishop of Canterbury and some of the rest, on scruple of -conscience and to salve the oaths they had taken, entered their protests -and hung off, especially the Archbishop, who had not all this while so -much as appeared out of Lambeth. This occasioned the wonder of many who -observed with what zeal they contributed to the Prince's expedition, and -all the while also rejecting any proposals of sending again to the -absent King; that they should now raise scruples, and such as created -much division among the people, greatly rejoicing the old courtiers, and -especially the Papists. - -Another objection was, the invalidity of what was done by a convention -only, and the as yet unabrogated laws; this drew them to make themselves -on the 22d [February] a Parliament, the new King passing the act with -the crown on his head. The lawyers disputed, but necessity prevailed, -the government requiring a speedy settlement. - -Innumerable were the crowds, who solicited for, and expected offices; -most of the old ones were turned out. Two or three white staves were -disposed of some days before, as Lord Steward, to the Earl of -Devonshire; Treasurer of the household, to Lord Newport; Lord -Chamberlain to the King, to my Lord of Dorset; but there were as yet -none in offices of the civil government save the Marquis of Halifax as -Privy Seal. A council of thirty was chosen, Lord Derby president, but -neither Chancellor nor Judges were yet declared, the new Great Seal not -yet finished. - -8th March, 1689. Dr. Tillotson, Dean of Canterbury, made an excellent -discourse on Matt. v. 44, exhorting to charity and forgiveness of -enemies; I suppose purposely, the new Parliament being furious about -impeaching those who were obnoxious, and as their custom has ever been, -going on violently, without reserve, or modification, while wise men -were of opinion the most notorious offenders being named and excepted, -an Act of Amnesty would be more seasonable, to pacify the minds of men -in so general a discontent of the nation, especially of those who did -not expect to see the government assumed without any regard to the -absent King, or proving a spontaneous abdication, or that the birth of -the Prince of Wales was an imposture; five of the Bishops also still -refusing to take the new oath. - -In the meantime, to gratify the people, the hearth-tax was remitted -forever; but what was intended to supply it, besides present great taxes -on land, is not named. - -The King abroad was now furnished by the French King with money and -officers for an expedition to Ireland. The great neglect in not more -timely preventing that from hence, and the disturbances in Scotland, -give apprehensions of great difficulties, before any settlement can be -perfected here, while the Parliament dispose of the great offices among -themselves. The Great Seal, Treasury and Admiralty put into commission -of many unexpected persons, to gratify the more; so that by the present -appearance of things (unless God Almighty graciously interpose and give -success in Ireland and settle Scotland) more trouble seems to threaten -the nation than could be expected. In the interim, the new King refers -all to the Parliament in the most popular manner, but is very slow in -providing against all these menaces, besides finding difficulties in -raising men to send abroad; the former army, which had never seen any -service hitherto, receiving their pay and passing their summer in an -idle scene of a camp at Hounslow, unwilling to engage, and many -disaffected, and scarce to be trusted. - -[Sidenote: LONDON] - -29th March, 1689. The new King much blamed for neglecting Ireland, now -likely to be ruined by the Lord Tyrconnel and his Popish party, too -strong for the Protestants. Wonderful uncertainty where King James was, -whether in France or Ireland. The Scots seem as yet to favor King -William, rejecting King James's letter to them, yet declaring nothing -positively. Soldiers in England discontented. Parliament preparing the -coronation oath. Presbyterians and Dissenters displeased at the vote for -preserving the Protestant religion as established by law, without -mentioning what they were to have as to indulgence. - -The Archbishop of Canterbury and four other Bishops refusing to come to -Parliament, it was deliberated whether they should incur _Prĉmunire_; -but it was thought fit to let this fall, and be connived at, for fear of -the people, to whom these Prelates were very dear, for the opposition -they had given to Popery. - -Court offices distributed among Parliament men. No considerable fleet as -yet sent forth. Things far from settled as was expected, by reason of -the slothful, sickly temper of the new King, and the Parliament's -unmindfulness of Ireland, which is likely to prove a sad omission. - -The Confederates beat the French out of the Palatinate, which they had -most barbarously ruined. - -11th April, 1689. I saw the procession to and from the Abbey Church of -Westminster, with the great feast in Westminster Hall, at the coronation -of King William and Queen Mary. What was different from former -coronations, was some alteration in the coronation oath. Dr. Burnet, now -made Bishop of Sarum, preached with great applause. The Parliament men -had scaffolds and places which took up the one whole side of the Hall. -When the King and Queen had dined, the ceremony of the Champion, and -other services by tenure were performed. The Parliament men were feasted -in the Exchequer chamber, and had each of them a gold medal given them, -worth five-and-forty shillings. On the one side were the effigies of the -King and Queen inclining one to the other; on the reverse was Jupiter -throwing a bolt at Phäeton the words, "_Ne totus absumatur_": which was -but dull, seeing they might have had out of the poet something as -apposite. The sculpture was very mean. - -Much of the splendor of the proceeding was abated by the absence of -divers who should have contributed to it, there being but five Bishops, -four Judges (no more being yet sworn), and several noblemen and great -ladies wanting; the feast, however, was magnificent. The next day the -House of Commons went and kissed their new Majesties' hands in the -Banqueting House. - -12th April, 1689. I went with the Bishop of St. Asaph to visit my Lord -of Canterbury at Lambeth, who had excused himself from officiating at -the coronation, which was performed by the Bishop of London, assisted by -the Archbishop of York. We had much private and free discourse with his -Grace concerning several things relating to the Church, there being now -a bill of comprehension to be brought from the Lords to the Commons. I -urged that when they went about to reform some particulars in the -Liturgy, Church discipline, Canons, etc., the baptizing in private -houses without necessity might be reformed, as likewise so frequent -burials in churches; the one proceeding much from the pride of women, -bringing that into custom which was only indulged in case of imminent -danger, and out of necessity during the rebellion, and persecution of -the clergy in our late civil wars; the other from the avarice of -ministers, who, in some opulent parishes, made almost as much of -permission to bury in the chancel and the church, as of their livings, -and were paid with considerable advantage and gifts for baptizing in -chambers. To this they heartily assented, and promised their endeavor to -get it reformed, utterly disliking both practices as novel and indecent. - -We discoursed likewise of the great disturbance and prejudice it might -cause, should the new oath, now on the anvil, be imposed on any, save -such as were in new office, without any retrospect to such as either had -no office, or had been long in office, who it was likely would have some -scruples about taking a new oath, having already sworn fidelity to the -government as established by law. This we all knew to be the case of my -Lord Archbishop of Canterbury, and some other persons who were not so -fully satisfied with the Convention making it an abdication of King -James, to whom they had sworn allegiance. - -King James was now certainly in Ireland with the Marshal d'Estrades, -whom he made a Privy Councillor; and who caused the King to remove the -Protestant Councillors, some whereof, it seems, had continued to sit, -telling him that the King of France, his master, would never assist him -if he did not immediately do it; by which it is apparent how the poor -Prince is managed by the French. - -Scotland declares for King William and Queen Mary, with the reasons of -their setting aside King James, not as abdicating, but forfeiting his -right by maladministration; they proceeded with much more caution and -prudence than we did, who precipitated all things to the great reproach -of the nation, all which had been managed by some crafty, ill-principled -men. The new Privy Council have a Republican spirit, manifestly -undermining all future succession of the Crown and prosperity of the -Church of England, which yet I hope they will not be able to accomplish -so soon as they expect, though they get into all places of trust and -profit. - -21st April, 1689. This was one of the most seasonable springs, free from -the usual sharp east winds that I have observed since the year 1660 (the -year of the Restoration), which was much such an one. - -[Sidenote: LONDON] - -26th April, 1689. I heard the lawyers plead before the Lords the writ -of error in the judgment of Oates, as to the charge against him of -perjury, which after debate they referred to the answer of Holloway, -etc., who were his judges. I then went with the Bishop of St. Asaph to -the Archbishop at Lambeth, where they entered into discourse concerning -the final destruction of Antichrist, both concluding that the third -trumpet and vial were now pouring out. My Lord St. Asaph considered the -killing of the two witnesses, to be the utter destruction of the -Cevennes Protestants by the French and Duke of Savoy, and the other the -Waldenses and Pyrenean Christians, who by all appearance from good -history had kept the primitive faith from the very Apostles' time till -now. The doubt his Grace suggested was, whether it could be made evident -that the present persecution had made so great a havoc of those faithful -people as of the other, and whether there were not yet some among them -in being who met together, it being stated from the text, Apoc. xi., -that they should both be slain together. They both much approved of Mr. -Mede's way of interpretation, and that he only failed in resolving too -hastily on the King of Sweden's (Gustavus Adolphus) success in Germany. -They agreed that it would be good to employ some intelligent French -minister to travel as far as the Pyrenees to understand the present -state of the Church there, it being a country where hardly anyone -travels. - -There now came certain news that King James had not only landed in -Ireland, but that he had surprised Londonderry, and was become master of -that kingdom, to the great shame of our government, who had been so -often solicited to provide against it by timely succor, and which they -might so easily have done. This is a terrible beginning of more -troubles, especially should an army come thence into Scotland, people -being generally disaffected here and everywhere else, so that the seamen -and landmen would scarce serve without compulsion. - -A new oath was now fabricating for all the clergy to take, of obedience -to the present Government, in abrogation of the former oaths of -allegiance, which it is foreseen many of the bishops and others of the -clergy will not take. The penalty is to be the loss of their dignity and -spiritual preferment. This is thought to have been driven on by the -Presbyterians, our new governors. God in mercy send us help, and direct -the counsels to his glory and good of his Church! - -Public matters went very ill in Ireland: confusion and dissensions among -ourselves, stupidity, inconstancy, emulation, the governors employing -unskillful men in greatest offices, no person of public spirit and -ability appearing,--threaten us with a very sad prospect of what may be -the conclusion, without God's infinite mercy. - -A fight by Admiral Herbert with the French, he imprudently setting on -them in a creek as they were landing men in Ireland, by which we came -off with great slaughter and little honor--so strangely negligent and -remiss were we in preparing a timely and sufficient fleet. The Scots -Commissioners offer the crown to the NEW KING AND QUEEN on -conditions.--Act of Poll-money came forth, sparing none.--Now appeared -the Act of Indulgence for the Dissenters, but not exempting them from -paying dues to the Church of England clergy, or serving in office -according to law, with several other clauses.--A most splendid embassy -from Holland to congratulate the King and Queen on their accession to -the crown. - -4th June, 1689. A solemn fast for success of the fleet, etc. - -6th June, 1689. I dined with the Bishop of Asaph; Monsieur Capellus, the -learned son of the most learned Ludovicus, presented to him his father's -works, not published till now. - -7th June, 1689. I visited the Archbishop of Canterbury, and stayed with -him till about seven o'clock. He read to me the Pope's excommunication -of the French King. - -9th June, 1689. Visited Dr. Burnet, now Bishop of Sarum; got him to let -Mr. Kneller draw his picture. - -16th June, 1689. King James's declaration was now dispersed, offering -pardon to all, if on his landing, or within twenty days after, they -should return to their obedience. - -Our fleet not yet at sea, through some prodigious sloth, and men minding -only their present interest; the French riding masters at sea, taking -many great prizes to our wonderful reproach. No certain news from -Ireland; various reports of Scotland; discontents at home. The King of -Denmark at last joins with the Confederates, and the two Northern Powers -are reconciled. The East India Company likely to be dissolved by -Parliament for many arbitrary actions. Oates acquitted of perjury, to -all honest men's admiration. - -20th June, 1689. News of A PLOT discovered, on which divers were sent to -the Tower and secured. - -23d June, 1689. An extraordinary drought, to the threatening of great -wants as to the fruits of the earth. - -8th July, 1689. I sat for my picture to Mr. Kneller, for Mr. Pepys, -late Secretary to the Admiralty, holding my "Sylva" in my right hand. It -was on his long and earnest request, and is placed in his library. -Kneller never painted in a more masterly manner. - -11th July, 1689. I dined at Lord Clarendon's, it being his lady's -wedding day, when about three in the afternoon there was an unusual and -violent storm of thunder, rain, and wind; many boats on the Thames were -overwhelmed, and such was the impetuosity of the wind as to carry up the -waves in pillars and spouts most dreadful to behold, rooting up trees -and ruining some houses. The Countess of Sunderland afterward told me -that it extended as far as Althorpe at the very time, which is seventy -miles from London. It did no harm at Deptford, but at Greenwich it did -much mischief. - -16th July, 1689. I went to Hampton Court about business, the Council -being there. A great apartment and spacious garden with fountains was -beginning in the park at the head of the canal. - -19th July, 1689. The Marshal de Schomberg went now as General toward -Ireland, to the relief of Londonderry. Our fleet lay before Brest. The -Confederates passing the Rhine, besiege Bonn and Mayence, to obtain a -passage into France. A great victory gotten by the Muscovites, taking -and burning Perecop. A new rebel against the Turks threatens the -destruction of that tyranny. All Europe in arms against France, and -hardly to be found in history so universal a face of war. - -The Convention (or Parliament as some called it) sitting, exempt the -Duke of Hanover from the succession to the crown, which they seem to -confine to the present new King, his wife, and Princess Anne of Denmark, -who is so monstrously swollen, that it is doubted whether her being -thought with child may prove a TYMPANY only, so that the unhappy family -of the Stuarts seems to be extinguishing; and then what government is -likely to be next set up is unknown, whether regal and by election, or -otherwise, the Republicans and Dissenters from the Church of England -evidently looking that way. - -The Scots have now again voted down Episcopacy there. Great discontents -through this nation at the slow proceedings of the King, and the -incompetent instruments and officers he advances to the greatest and -most necessary charges. - -23d August, 1689. Came to visit me Mr. Firmin. - -25th August, 1689. Hitherto it has been a most seasonable summer. -Londonderry relieved after a brave and wonderful holding out. - -21st September, 1689. I went to visit the Archbishop of Canterbury since -his suspension, and was received with great kindness. A dreadful fire -happened in Southwark. - -2d October, 1689. Came to visit us the Marquis de Ruvignè, and one -Monsieur le Coque, a French refugee, who left great riches for his -religion; a very learned, civil person; he married the sister of the -Duchess de la Force. Ottobone, a Venetian Cardinal, eighty years old, -made Pope.[72] - - [Footnote 72: Peter Otthobonus succeeded Innocent XI. as Pope in - 1689, by the title of Alexander VIII.] - -31st October, 1689. My birthday, being now sixty-nine years old. Blessed -Father, who hast prolonged my years to this great age, and given me to -see so great and wonderful revolutions, and preserved me amid them to -this moment, accept, I beseech thee, the continuance of my prayers and -thankful acknowledgments, and grant me grace to be working out my -salvation and redeeming the time, that thou mayst be glorified by me -here, and my immortal soul saved whenever thou shalt call for it, to -perpetuate thy praises to all eternity, in that heavenly kingdom where -there are no more changes or vicissitudes, but rest, and peace, and joy, -and consummate felicity, forever. Grant this, O heavenly Father, for the -sake of Jesus thine only Son and our Savior. Amen! - -5th November, 1689. The Bishop of St. Asaph, Lord Almoner, preached -before the King and Queen, the whole discourse being an historical -narrative of the Church of England's several deliverances, especially -that of this anniversary, signalized by being also the birthday of the -Prince of Orange, his marriage (which was on the 4th), and his landing -at Torbay this day. There was a splendid ball and other rejoicings. - -10th November, 1689. After a very wet season, the winter came on -severely. - -17th November, 1689. Much wet, without frost, yet the wind north and -easterly. A Convocation of the Clergy meet about a reformation of our -Liturgy, Canons, etc., obstructed by others of the clergy. - -[Sidenote: LONDON] - -27th November, 1689. I went to London with my family, to winter at Soho, -in the great square. - -11th January, 1689-90. This night there was a most extraordinary storm -of wind, accompanied with snow and sharp weather; it did great harm in -many places, blowing down houses, trees, etc., killing many people. It -began about two in the morning, and lasted till five, being a kind of -hurricane, which mariners observe have begun of late years to come -northward. This winter has been hitherto extremely wet, warm, and windy. - -12th January, 1690. There was read at St. Ann's Church an exhortatory -letter to the clergy of London from the Bishop, together with a Brief -for relieving the distressed Protestants, and Vaudois, who fled from the -persecution of the French and Duke of Savoy, to the Protestant Cantons -of Switzerland. - -The Parliament was unexpectedly prorogued to 2d of April to the -discontent and surprise of many members who, being exceedingly averse to -the settling of anything, proceeding with animosities, multiplying -exceptions against those whom they pronounced obnoxious, and producing -as universal a discontent against King William and themselves, as there -was before against King James. The new King resolved on an expedition -into Ireland in person. About 150 of the members who were of the more -royal party, meeting at a feast at the Apollo Tavern near St. Dunstan's, -sent some of their company to the King, to assure him of their service; -he returned his thanks, advising them to repair to their several -counties and preserve the peace during his absence, and assuring them -that he would be steady to his resolution of defending the Laws and -Religion established. The great Lord suspected to have counselled this -prorogation, universally denied it. However, it was believed the chief -adviser was the Marquis of Carmarthen, who now seemed to be most in -favor. - -2d February, 1690. The Parliament was dissolved by proclamation, and -another called to meet the 20th of March. This was a second surprise to -the former members; and now the Court party, or, as they call -themselves, Church of England, are making their interests in the -country. The Marquis of Halifax lays down his office of Privy Seal, and -pretends to retire. - -[Sidenote: LONDON] - -16th February, 1690. The Duchess of Monmouth's chaplain preached at St. -Martin's an excellent discourse exhorting to peace and sanctity, it -being now the time of very great division and dissension in the nation; -first, among the Churchmen, of whom the moderate and sober part were for -a speedy reformation of divers things, which it was thought might be -made in our Liturgy, for the inviting of Dissenters; others more stiff -and rigid, were for no condescension at all. Books and pamphlets were -published every day pro and con; the Convocation were forced for the -present to suspend any further progress. There was fierce and great -carousing about being elected in the new Parliament. The King persists -in his intention of going in person for Ireland, whither the French are -sending supplies to King James, and we, the Danish horse to Schomberg. - -19th February, 1690. I dined with the Marquis of Carmarthen (late Lord -Danby), where was Lieutenant-General Douglas, a very considerate and -sober commander, going for Ireland. He related to us the exceeding -neglect of the English soldiers, suffering severely for want of clothes -and necessaries this winter, exceedingly magnifying their courage and -bravery during all their hardships. There dined also Lord Lucas, -Lieutenant of the Tower, and the Bishop of St. Asaph. The Privy Seal was -again put in commission, Mr. Cheny (who married my kinswoman, Mrs. -Pierrepoint), Sir Thomas Knatchbull, and Sir P. W. Pultney. The -imprudence of both sexes was now become so great and universal, persons -of all ranks keeping their courtesans publicly, that the King had lately -directed a letter to the Bishops to order their clergy to preach against -that sin, swearing, etc., and to put the ecclesiastical laws in -execution without any indulgence. - -25th February, 1690. I went to Kensington, which King William had bought -of Lord Nottingham, and altered, but was yet a patched building, but -with the garden, however, it is a very sweet villa, having to it the -park and a straight new way through this park. - -7th March, 1690. I dined with Mr. Pepys, late Secretary to the -Admiralty, where was that excellent shipwright and seaman (for so he had -been, and also a Commission of the Navy), Sir Anthony Deane. Among other -discourse, and deploring the sad condition of our navy, as now governed -by inexperienced men since this Revolution, he mentioned what exceeding -advantage we of this nation had by being the first who built frigates, -the first of which ever built was that vessel which was afterward called -"The Constant Warwick," and was the work of Pett of Chatham, for a trial -of making a vessel that would sail swiftly; it was built with low decks, -the guns lying near the water, and was so light and swift of sailing, -that in a short time he told us she had, ere the Dutch war was ended, -taken as much money from privateers as would have laden her; and that -more such being built, did in a year or two scour the Channel from those -of Dunkirk and others which had exceedingly infested it. He added that -it would be the best and only infallible expedient to be masters of the -sea, and able to destroy the greatest navy of any enemy if, instead of -building huge great ships and second and third rates, they would leave -off building such high decks, which were for nothing but to gratify -gentlemen-commanders, who must have all their effeminate accommodations, -and for pomp; that it would be the ruin of our fleets, if such persons -were continued in command, they neither having experience nor being -capable of learning, because they would not submit to the fatigue and -inconvenience which those who were bred seamen would undergo, in those -so otherwise useful swift frigates. These being to encounter the -greatest ships would be able to protect, set on, and bring off, those -who should manage the fire ships, and the Prince who should first store -himself with numbers of such fire ships, would, through the help and -countenance of such frigates, be able to ruin the greatest force of such -vast ships as could be sent to sea, by the dexterity of working those -light, swift ships to guard the fire ships. He concluded there would -shortly be no other method of seafight; and that great ships and -men-of-war, however stored with guns and men, must submit to those who -should encounter them with far less number. He represented to us the -dreadful effect of these fire ships; that he continually observed in our -late maritime war with the Dutch that, when an enemy's fire ship -approached, the most valiant commander and common sailors were in such -consternation, that though then, of all times, there was most need of -the guns, bombs, etc., to keep the mischief off, they grew pale and -astonished, as if of a quite other mean soul, that they slunk about, -forsook their guns and work as if in despair, every one looking about to -see which way they might get out of their ship, though sure to be -drowned if they did so. This he said was likely to prove hereafter the -method of seafight, likely to be the misfortune of England if they -continued to put gentlemen-commanders over experienced seamen, on -account of their ignorance, effeminacy, and insolence. - -[Sidenote: LONDON] - -9th March, 1690. Preached at Whitehall Dr. Burnet, late Bishop of Sarum, -on Heb. iv. 13, anatomically describing the texture of the eye; and -that, as it received such innumerable sorts of spies through so very -small a passage to the brain, and that without the least confusion or -trouble, and accordingly judged and reflected on them; so God who made -this sensory, did with the greatest ease and at once see all that was -done through the vast universe, even to the very thought as well as -action. This similitude he continued with much perspicuity and aptness; -and applied it accordingly, for the admonishing us how uprightly we -ought to live and behave ourselves before such an all-seeing Deity; and -how we were to conceive of other his attributes, which we could have no -idea of than by comparing them by what we were able to conceive of the -nature and power of things, which were the objects of our senses; and -therefore it was that in Scripture we attribute those actions and -affections of God by the same of man, not as adequately or in any -proportion like them, but as the only expedient to make some resemblance -of his divine perfections; as when the Scripture says, "God will -remember the sins of the penitent no more:" not as if God could forget -anything, but as intimating he would pass by such penitents and receive -them to mercy. - -I dined at the Bishop of St. Asaph's, Almoner to the new Queen, with -the famous lawyer Sir George Mackenzie (late Lord Advocate of Scotland), -against whom both the Bishop and myself had written and published books, -but now most friendly reconciled.[73] He related to us many particulars -of Scotland, the present sad condition of it, the inveterate hatred -which the Presbyterians show to the family of the Stuarts, and the -exceeding tyranny of those bigots who acknowledge no superior on earth, -in civil or divine matters, maintaining that the people only have the -right of government; their implacable hatred to the Episcopal Order and -Church of England. He observed that the first Presbyterian dissents from -our discipline were introduced by the Jesuits' order, about the 20 of -Queen Elizabeth, a famous Jesuit among them feigning himself a -Protestant, and who was the first who began to pray extempore, and -brought in that which they since called, and are still so fond of, -praying by the Spirit. This Jesuit remained many years before he was -discovered, afterward died in Scotland, where he was buried at ... -having yet on his monument, "_Rosa inter spinas_." - - [Footnote 73: Sir George, as we have seen, had written in praise of - a Private Life, which Mr. Evelyn answered by a book in praise of - Public Life and Active Employment.] - -11th March, 1690. I went again to see Mr. Charlton's curiosities, both -of art and nature, and his full and rare collection of medals, which -taken altogether, in all kinds, is doubtless one of the most perfect -assemblages of rarities that can be any where seen. I much admired the -contortions of the Thea root, which was so perplexed, large, and -intricate, and withal hard as box, that it was wonderful to consider. -The French have landed in Ireland. - -16th March, 1690. A public fast. - -24th May, 1690. City charter restored. Divers exempted from pardon. - -4th June, 1690. King William set forth on his Irish expedition, leaving -the Queen Regent. - -10th June, 1690. Mr. Pepys read to me his Remonstrance, showing with -what malice and injustice he was suspected with Sir Anthony Deane about -the timber, of which the thirty ships were built by a late Act of -Parliament, with the exceeding danger which the fleet would shortly be -in, by reason of the tyranny and incompetency of those who now managed -the Admiralty and affairs of the Navy, of which he gave an accurate -state, and showed his great ability. - -18th June, 1690. Fast day. Visited the Bishop of St. Asaph; his -conversation was on the Vaudois in Savoy, who had been thought so near -destruction and final extirpation by the French, being totally given up -to slaughter, so that there were no hopes for them; but now it pleased -God that the Duke of Savoy, who had hitherto joined with the French in -their persecution, being now pressed by them to deliver up Saluzzo and -Turin as cautionary towns, on suspicion that he might at last come into -the Confederacy of the German Princes, did secretly concert measures -with, and afterward declared for, them. He then invited these poor -people from their dispersion among the mountains whither they had fled, -and restored them to their country, their dwellings, and the exercise of -their religion, and begged pardon for the ill usage they had received, -charging it on the cruelty of the French who forced him to it. These -being the remainder of those persecuted Christians which the Bishop of -St. Asaph had so long affirmed to be the two witnesses spoken of in the -Revelation, who should be killed and brought to life again, it was -looked on as an extraordinary thing that this prophesying Bishop should -persuade two fugitive ministers of the Vaudois to return to their -country, and furnish them with £20 toward their journey, at that very -time when nothing but universal destruction was to be expected, assuring -them and showing them from the Apocalypse, that their countrymen should -be returned safely to their country before they arrived. This happening -contrary to all expectation and appearance, did exceedingly credit the -Bishop's confidence how that prophecy of the witnesses should come to -pass, just at the time, and the very month, he had spoken of some years -before. - -I afterward went with him to Mr. Boyle and Lady Ranelagh his sister, to -whom he explained the necessity of it so fully, and so learnedly made -out, with what events were immediately to follow, viz, the French King's -ruin, the calling of the Jews to be near at hand, but that the Kingdom -of Antichrist would not yet be utterly destroyed till thirty years, when -Christ should begin the Millenium, not as personally and visibly -reigning on earth, but that the true religion and universal peace should -obtain through all the world. He showed how Mr. Brightman, Mr. Mede, and -other interpreters of these events failed, by mistaking and reckoning -the year as the Latins and others did, to consist of the present -calculation, so many days to the year, whereas the Apocalypse reckons -after the Persian account, as Daniel did, whose visions St. John all -along explains as meaning only the Christian Church. - -24th June, 1690. Dined with Mr. Pepys, who the next day was sent to the -Gatehouse,[74] and several great persons to the Tower, on suspicion of -being affected to King James; among them was the Earl of Clarendon, the -Queen's uncle. King William having vanquished King James in Ireland, -there was much public rejoicing. It seems the Irish in King James's army -would not stand, but the English-Irish and French made great resistance. -Schomberg was slain, and Dr. Walker, who so bravely defended -Londonderry. King William received a slight wound by the grazing of a -cannon bullet on his shoulder, which he endured with very little -interruption of his pursuit. Hamilton, who broke his word about -Tyrconnel, was taken. It is reported that King James is gone back to -France. Drogheda and Dublin surrendered, and if King William be -returning, we may say of him as Cĉsar said, "_Veni, vidi, vici_." But to -alloy much of this, the French fleet rides in our channel, ours not -daring to interpose, and the enemy threatening to land. - - [Footnote 74: Poor Pepys, as the reader knows, had already undergone - an imprisonment, with perhaps just as much reason as the present, on - the absurd accusation of having sent information to the French Court - of the state of the English Navy.] - -[Sidenote: LONDON] - -27th June, 1690. I went to visit some friends in the Tower, when asking -for Lord Clarendon, they by mistake directed me to the Earl of -Torrington, who about three days before had been sent for from the -fleet, and put into the Tower for cowardice and not fighting the French -fleet, which having beaten a squadron of the Hollanders, while -Torrington did nothing, did now ride masters of the sea, threatening a -descent. - -20th July, 1690. This afternoon a camp of about 4,000 men was begun to -be formed on Blackheath. - -30th July, 1690. I dined with Mr. Pepys, now suffered to return to his -house, on account of indisposition. - -1st August, 1690. The Duke of Grafton came to visit me, going to his -ship at the mouth of the river, in his way to Ireland (where he was -slain). - -3d August, 1690. The French landed some soldiers at Teignmouth, in -Devon, and burned some poor houses. The French fleet still hovering -about the western coast, and we having 300 sail of rich merchant-ships -in the bay of Plymouth, our fleet began to move toward them, under three -admirals. The country in the west all on their guard. A very -extraordinary fine season; but on the 12th was a very great storm of -thunder and lightning, and on the 15th the season much changed to wet -and cold. The militia and trained bands, horse and foot, which were up -through England, were dismissed. The French King having news that King -William was slain, and his army defeated in Ireland, caused such a -triumph at Paris, and all over France, as was never heard of; when, in -the midst of it, the unhappy King James being vanquished, by a speedy -flight and escape, himself brought the news of his own defeat. - -15th August, 1690. I was desired to be one of the bail of the Earl of -Clarendon, for his release from the Tower, with divers noblemen. The -Bishop of St. Asaph expounds his prophecies to me and Mr. Pepys, etc. -The troops from Blackheath march to Portsmouth. That sweet and hopeful -youth, Sir Charles Tuke, died of the wounds he received in the fight of -the Boyne, to the great sorrow of all his friends, being (I think) the -last male of that family, to which my wife is related. A more virtuous -young gentleman I never knew; he was learned for his age, having had the -advantage of the choicest breeding abroad, both as to arts and arms; he -had traveled much, but was so unhappy as to fall in the side of his -unfortunate King. - -The unseasonable and most tempestuous weather happening, the naval -expedition is hindered, and the extremity of wet causes the siege of -Limerick to be raised, King William returned to England. Lord Sidney -left Governor of what is conquered in Ireland, which is near three parts -[in four]. - -17th August, 1690. A public feast. An extraordinary sharp, cold, east -wind. - -12th October, 1690. The French General, with Tyrconnel and their -forces, gone back to France, beaten out by King William. Cork delivered -on discretion. The Duke of Grafton was there mortally wounded and dies. -Very great storms of wind. The 8th of this month Lord Spencer wrote me -word from Althorpe, that there happened an earthquake the day before in -the morning, which, though short, sensibly shook the house. The -"Gazette" acquainted us that the like happened at the same time, -half-past seven, at Barnstaple, Holyhead, and Dublin. We were not -sensible of it here. - -26th October, 1690. Kinsale at last surrendered, meantime King James's -party burn all the houses they have in their power, and among them that -stately palace of Lord Ossory's, which lately cost, as reported, -£40,000. By a disastrous accident, a third-rate ship, the Breda, blew up -and destroyed all on board; in it were twenty-five prisoners of war. She -was to have sailed for England the next day. - -3d November, 1690. Went to the Countess of Clancarty, to condole with -her concerning her debauched and dissolute son, who had done so much -mischief in Ireland, now taken and brought prisoner to the Tower. - -16th November, 1690. Exceeding great storms, yet a warm season. - -23d November, 1690. Carried Mr. Pepys's memorials to Lord Godolphin, now -resuming the commission of the Treasury, to the wonder of all his -friends. - -1st December, 1690. Having been chosen President of the Royal Society, I -desired to decline it, and with great difficulty devolved the election -on Sir Robert Southwell, Secretary of State to King William in Ireland. - -20th December, 1690. Dr. Hough, President of Magdalen College, Oxford, -who was displaced with several of the Fellows for not taking the oath -imposed by King James, now made a Bishop. Most of this month cold and -frost. One Johnson, a Knight, was executed at Tyburn for being an -accomplice with Campbell, brother to Lord Argyle, in stealing a young -heiress. - -4th January, 1690-91. This week a PLOT was discovered for a general -rising against the new Government, for which (Henry) Lord Clarendon and -others were sent to the Tower. The next day, I went to see Lord -Clarendon. The Bishop of Ely searched for. Trial of Lord Preston, as not -being an English Peer, hastened at the Old Bailey. - -[Sidenote: LONDON] - -18th January, 1691. Lord Preston condemned about a design to bring in -King James by the French. Ashton executed. The Bishop of Ely, Mr. -Graham, etc., absconded. - -13th March, 1691. I went to visit Monsieur Justell and the Library at -St. James's, in which that learned man had put the MSS. (which were in -good number) into excellent order, they having lain neglected for many -years. Divers medals had been stolen and embezzled. - -21st March, 1691. Dined at Sir William Fermor's, who showed me many good -pictures. After dinner, a French servant played rarely on the lute. Sir -William had now bought all the remaining statues collected with so much -expense by the famous Thomas, Earl of Arundel, and sent them to his seat -at Easton, near Towcester.[75] - - [Footnote 75: They are now at Oxford, having been presented to the - University in 1755 by Henrietta, Countess Dowager of Pomfret, widow - of Thomas, the first Earl.] - -25th March, 1691. Lord Sidney, principal Secretary of State, gave me a -letter to Lord Lucas, Lieutenant of the Tower, to permit me to visit -Lord Clarendon; which this day I did, and dined with him. - -[Sidenote: LONDON] - -10th April, 1691. This night, a sudden and terrible fire burned down all -the buildings over the stone gallery at Whitehall to the water side, -beginning at the apartment of the late Duchess of Portsmouth (which had -been pulled down and rebuilt no less than three times to please her), -and consuming other lodgings of such lewd creatures, who debauched both -King Charles II. and others, and were his destruction. - -The King returned out of Holland just as this accident -happened--Proclamation against the Papists, etc. - -16th April, 1691. I went to see Dr. Sloane's curiosities, being an -universal collection of the natural productions of Jamaica, consisting -of plants, fruits, corals, minerals, stones, earth, shells, animals, and -insects, collected with great judgment; several folios of dried plants, -and one which had about 80 several sorts of ferns, and another of -grasses; the Jamaica pepper, in branch, leaves, flower, fruit, etc. This -collection,[76] with his Journal and other philosophical and natural -discourses and observations, indeed very copious and extraordinary, -sufficient to furnish a history of that island, to which I encouraged -him. - - [Footnote 76: It now forms part of the collection in the British - Museum.] - -19th April, 1691. The Archbishop of Canterbury, and Bishops of Ely, Bath -and Wells, Peterborough, Gloucester, and the rest who would not take the -oaths to King William, were now displaced; and in their rooms, Dr. -Tillotson, Dean of St. Paul's, was made Archbishop: Patrick removed from -Chichester to Ely; Cumberland to Gloucester. - -22d April, 1691. I dined with Lord Clarendon in the Tower. - -24th April, 1691. I visited the Earl and Countess of Sunderland, now -come to kiss the King's hand after his return from Holland. This is a -mystery. The King preparing to return to the army. - -7th May, 1691. I went to visit the Archbishop of Canterbury [Sancroft] -yet at Lambeth. I found him alone, and discoursing of the times, -especially of the newly designed Bishops; he told me that by no canon or -divine law they could justify the removing of the present incumbents; -that Dr. Beveridge, designed Bishop of Bath and Wells, came to ask his -advice; that the Archbishop told him, though he should give it, he -believed he would not take it; the Doctor said he would; why then, says -the Archbishop, when they come to ask, say "_Nolo_," and say it from the -heart; there is nothing easier than to resolve yourself what is to be -done in the case: the Doctor seemed to deliberate. What he will do I -know not, but Bishop Ken, who is to be put out, is exceedingly beloved -in his diocese; and, if he and the rest should insist on it, and plead -their interest as freeholders, it is believed there would be difficulty -in their case, and it may endanger a schism and much disturbance, so as -wise men think it had been better to have let them alone, than to have -proceeded with this rigor to turn them out for refusing to swear against -their consciences. I asked at parting, when his Grace removed; he said -that he had not yet received any summons, but I found the house -altogether disfurnished and his books packed up. - -1st June, 1691. I went with my son, and brother-in-law, Glanville, and -his son, to Wotton, to solemnize the funeral of my nephew, which was -performed the next day very decently and orderly by the herald in the -afternoon, a very great appearance of the country being there. I was the -chief mourner; the pall was held by Sir Francis Vincent, Sir Richard -Onslow, Mr. Thomas Howard (son to Sir Robert, and Captain of the King's -Guard), Mr. Hyldiard, Mr. James, Mr. Herbert, nephew to Lord Herbert of -Cherbury, and cousin-german to my deceased nephew. He was laid in the -vault at Wotton Church, in the burying place of the family. A great -concourse of coaches and people accompanied the solemnity. - -[Sidenote: LONDON] - -10th June, 1691. I went to visit Lord Clarendon, still prisoner in the -Tower, though Lord Preston being pardoned was released. - -17th June, 1691. A fast. - -11th July, 1691. I dined with Mr. Pepys, where was Dr. Cumberland, the -new Bishop of Norwich,[77] Dr. Lloyd having been put out for not -acknowledging the Government. Cumberland is a very learned, excellent -man. Possession was now given to Dr. Tillotson, at Lambeth, by the -Sheriff; Archbishop Sancroft was gone, but had left his nephew to keep -possession; and he refusing to deliver it up on the Queen's message, was -dispossessed by the Sheriff, and imprisoned. This stout demeanor of the -few Bishops who refused to take the oaths to King William, animated a -great party to forsake the churches, so as to threaten a schism; though -those who looked further into the ancient practice, found that when (as -formerly) there were Bishops displaced on secular accounts, the people -never refused to acknowledge the new Bishops, provided they were not -heretics. The truth is, the whole clergy had till now stretched the duty -of passive obedience, so that the proceedings against these Bishops gave -no little occasion of exceptions; but this not amounting to heresy, -there was a necessity of receiving the new Bishops, to prevent a failure -of that order in the Church. I went to visit Lord Clarendon in the -Tower, but he was gone into the country for air by the Queen's -permission, under the care of his warden. - - [Footnote 77: A mistake. Dr. Cumberland was made Bishop of - Peterborough and Dr. John Moore succeeded Dr. Lloyd in the see of - Norwich.] - -18th July, 1691. To London to hear Mr. Stringfellow preach his first -sermon in the newly erected Church of Trinity, in Conduit Street; to -which I did recommend him to Dr. Tenison for the constant preacher and -lecturer. This Church, formerly built of timber on Hounslow-Heath by -King James for the mass priests, being begged by Dr. Tenison, rector of -St. Martin's, was set up by that public-minded, charitable, and pious -man near my son's dwelling in Dover Street, chiefly at the charge of the -Doctor. I know him to be an excellent preacher and a fit person. This -Church, though erected in St. Martin's, which is the Doctor's parish, he -was not only content, but was the sole industrious mover, that it should -be made a separate parish, in regard of the neighborhood having become -so populous. Wherefore to countenance and introduce the new minister, -and take possession of a gallery designed for my son's family, I went to -London, where, - -19th July, 1691. In the morning Dr. Tenison preached the first sermon, -taking his text from Psalm xxvi. 8. "Lord, I have loved the habitation -of thy house, and the place where thine honor dwelleth." In concluding, -he gave that this should be made a parish church so soon as the -Parliament sat, and was to be dedicated to the Holy Trinity, in honor of -the three undivided persons in the Deity; and he minded them to attend -to that faith of the church, now especially that Arianism, Socinianism, -and atheism began to spread among us. In the afternoon, Mr. Stringfellow -preached on Luke vii. 5. "The centurion who had built a synagogue." He -proceeded to the due praise of persons of such public spirit, and thence -to such a character of pious benefactors in the person of the generous -centurion, as was comprehensive of all the virtues of an accomplished -Christian, in a style so full, eloquent, and moving, that I never heard -a sermon more apposite to the occasion. He modestly insinuated the -obligation they had to that person who should be the author and promoter -of such public works for the benefit of mankind, especially to the -advantage of religion, such as building and endowing churches, -hospitals, libraries, schools, procuring the best editions of useful -books, by which he handsomely intimated who it was that had been so -exemplary for his benefaction to that place. Indeed, that excellent -person, Dr. Tenison, had also erected and furnished a public library [in -St. Martin's]; and set up two or three free schools at his own charges. -Besides this, he was of an exemplary, holy life, took great pains in -constantly preaching, and incessantly employing himself to promote the -service of God both in public and private. I never knew a man of a more -universal and generous spirit, with so much modesty, prudence, and -piety. - -The great victory of King William's army in Ireland was looked on as -decisive of that war. The French General, St. Ruth, who had been so -cruel to the poor Protestants in France, was slain, with divers of the -best commanders; nor was it cheap to us, having 1,000 killed, but of the -enemy 4,000 or 5,000. - -26th July, 1691. An extraordinary hot season, yet refreshed by some -thundershowers. - -28th July, 1691. I went to Wotton. - -2d August, 1691. No sermon in the church in the afternoon, and the -curacy ill-served. - -16th August, 1691. A sermon by the curate; an honest discourse, but read -without any spirit, or seeming concern; a great fault in the education -of young preachers. Great thunder and lightning on Thursday, but the -rain and wind very violent. Our fleet come in to lay up the great ships; -nothing done at sea, pretending that we cannot meet the French. - -13th September, 1691. A great storm at sea; we lost the "Coronation" and -"Harwich," above 600 men perishing. - -14th October, 1691. A most pleasing autumn. Our navy come in without -having performed anything, yet there has been great loss of ships by -negligence, and unskillful men governing the fleet and Navy board. - -7th November, 1691. I visited the Earl of Dover, who having made his -peace with the King, was now come home. The relation he gave of the -strength of the French King, and the difficulty of our forcing him to -fight, and any way making impression into France, was very wide from -what we fancied. - -8th to 30th November, 1691. An extraordinary dry and warm season, -without frost, and like a new spring; such as had not been known for -many years. Part of the King's house at Kensington was burned. - -6th December, 1691. Discourse of another PLOT, in which several great -persons were named, but believed to be a sham.--A proposal in the House -of Commons that every officer in the whole nation who received a salary -above £500 or otherwise by virtue of his office, should contribute it -wholly to the support of the war with France, and this upon their oath. - -25th December, 1691. My daughter-in-law was brought to bed of a -daughter. - -26th December, 1691. An exceedingly dry and calm winter; no rain for -many past months. - -28th December, 1691. Dined at Lambeth with the new Archbishop. Saw the -effect of my greenhouse furnace, set up by the Archbishop's son-in-law. - -30th December, 1691. I again saw Mr. Charlton's collection of spiders, -birds, scorpions, and other serpents, etc. - -1st January, 1691-92. This last week died that pious, admirable -Christian, excellent philosopher, and my worthy friend, Mr. Boyle, aged -about 65,--a great loss to all that knew him, and to the public. - -[Sidenote: LONDON] - -6th January, 1692. At the funeral of Mr. Boyle, at St. Martin's, Dr. -Burnet, Bishop of Salisbury, preached on Eccles. ii. 26. He concluded -with an eulogy due to the deceased, who made God and religion the scope -of all his excellent talents in the knowledge of nature, and who had -arrived to so high a degree in it, accompanied with such zeal and -extraordinary piety, which he showed in the whole course of his life, -particularly in his exemplary charity on all occasions,--that he gave -£1,000 yearly to the distressed refugees of France and Ireland; was at -the charge of translating the Scriptures into the Irish and Indian -tongues, and was now promoting a Turkish translation, as he had formerly -done of Grotius "on the Truth of the Christian Religion" into Arabic, -which he caused to be dispersed in the eastern countries; that he had -settled a fund for preachers who should preach expressly against -Atheists, Libertines, Socinians, and Jews; that he had in his will given -£8,000 to charitable uses; but that his private charities were -extraordinary. He dilated on his learning in Hebrew and Greek, his -reading of the fathers, and solid knowledge in theology, once -deliberating about taking Holy Orders, and that at the time of -restoration of King Charles II., when he might have made a great figure -in the nation as to secular honor and titles, his fear of not being able -to discharge so weighty a duty as the first, made him decline that, and -his humility the other. He spoke of his civility to strangers, the great -good which he did by his experience in medicine and chemistry, and to -what noble ends he applied himself to his darling studies; the works, -both pious and useful, which he published; the exact life he led, and -the happy end he made. Something was touched of his sister, the Lady -Ranelagh, who died but a few days before him. And truly all this was but -his due, without any grain of flattery. - -This week a most execrable murder was committed on Dr. Clench, father of -that extraordinary learned child whom I have before noticed. Under -pretense of carrying him in a coach to see a patient, they strangled him -in it; and, sending away the coachman under some pretense, they left his -dead body in the coach, and escaped in the dusk of the evening. - -12th January, 1692. My granddaughter was christened by Dr. Tenison, now -Bishop of Lincoln, in Trinity Church, being the first that was -christened there. She was named Jane. - -24th January, 1692. A frosty and dry season continued; many persons die -of apoplexy, more than usual. Lord Marlborough, Lieutenant-General of -the King's army in England, gentleman of the bedchamber, etc., dismissed -from all his charges, military and other, for his excessive taking of -bribes, covetousness, and extortion on all occasions from his inferior -officers. Note, this was the Lord who was entirely advanced by King -James, and was the first who betrayed and forsook his master. He was son -of Sir Winston Churchill of the Greencloth. - -7th February, 1692. An extraordinary snow fell in most parts. - -13th February, 1692. Mr. Boyle having made me one of the trustees for -his charitable bequests, I went to a meeting of the Bishop of Lincoln, -Sir Rob.... wood, and serjeant, Rotheram, to settle that clause in the -will which related to charitable uses, and especially the appointing and -electing a minister to preach one sermon the first Sunday in the month, -during the four summer months, expressly against Atheists, Deists, -Libertines, Jews, etc., without descending to any other controversy -whatever, for which £50 per annum is to be paid quarterly to the -preacher; and, at the end of three years, to proceed to a new election -of some other able divine, or to continue the same, as the trustees -should judge convenient. We made choice of one Mr. Bentley, chaplain to -the Bishop of Worcester (Dr. Stillingfleet). The first sermon was -appointed for the first Sunday in March, at St. Martin's; the second -Sunday in April, at Bow Church, and so alternately. - -28th February, 1692. Lord Marlborough having used words against the -King, and been discharged from all his great places, his wife was -forbidden the Court, and the Princess of Denmark was desired by the -Queen to dismiss her from her service; but she refusing to do so, goes -away from Court to Sion house. Divers new Lords made: Sir Henry Capel, -Sir William Fermor, etc. Change of Commissioners in the Treasury. The -Parliament adjourned, not well satisfied with affairs. The business of -the East India Company, which they would have reformed, let fall. The -Duke of Norfolk does not succeed in his endeavor to be divorced.[78] - - [Footnote 78: See _post_ pp. 351-52.] - -20th March, 1692. My son was made one of the Commissioners of the -Revenue and Treasury of Ireland, to which employment he had a mind, far -from my wishes. I visited the Earl of Peterborough, who showed me the -picture of the Prince of Wales, newly brought out of France, seeming in -my opinion very much to resemble the Queen his mother, and of a most -vivacious countenance. - -April, 1692. No spring yet appearing. The Queen Dowager went out of -England toward Portugal, as pretended, against the advice of all her -friends. - -4th April, 1692. Mr. Bentley preached Mr. Boyle's lecture at St. -Mary-le-Bow. So excellent a discourse against the Epicurean system is -not to be recapitulated in a few words. He came to me to ask whether I -thought it should be printed, or that there was anything in it which I -desired to be altered. I took this as a civility, and earnestly desired -it should be printed, as one of the most learned and convincing -discourses I had ever heard. - -6th April, 1692. A fast. King James sends a letter written and directed -by his own hand to several of the Privy Council, and one to his -daughter, the Queen Regent, informing them of the Queen being ready to -be brought to bed, and summoning them to be at the birth by the middle -of May, promising as from the French King, permission to come and return -in safety. - -24th April, 1692. Much apprehension of a French invasion, and of an -universal rising. Our fleet begins to join with the Dutch. Unkindness -between the Queen and her sister. Very cold and unseasonable weather, -scarce a leaf on the trees. - -[Sidenote: LONDON] - -5th May, 1692. Reports of an invasion were very hot, and alarmed the -city, Court, and people; nothing but securing suspected persons, sending -forces to the seaside, and hastening out the fleet. Continued discourse -of the French invasion, and of ours in France. The eastern wind so -constantly blowing, gave our fleet time to unite, which had been so -tardy in preparation, that, had not God thus wonderfully favored, the -enemy would in all probability have fallen upon us. Many daily secured, -and proclamations out for more conspirators. - -8th May, 1692. My kinsman, Sir Edward Evelyn, of Long Ditton, died -suddenly. - -12th May, 1692. A fast. - -13th May, 1692. I dined at my cousin Cheny's, son to my Lord Cheny, who -married my cousin Pierpoint. - -15th May, 1692. My niece, M. Evelyn, was now married to Sir Cyril Wyche, -Secretary of State for Ireland. After all our apprehensions of being -invaded, and doubts of our success by sea, it pleased God to give us a -great naval victory, to the utter ruin of the French fleet, their -admiral and all their best men-of-war, transport-ships, etc. - -29th May, 1692. Though this day was set apart expressly for celebrating -the memorable birth, return, and restoration of the late King Charles -II., there was no notice taken of it, nor any part of the office annexed -to the Common Prayer Book made use of, which I think was ill done, in -regard his restoration not only redeemed us from anarchy and confusion, -but restored the Church of England as it were miraculously. - -9th June, 1692. I went to Windsor to carry my grandson to Eton School, -where I met my Lady Stonehouse and other of my daughter-in-law's -relations, who came on purpose to see her before her journey into -Ireland. We went to see the castle, which we found furnished and very -neatly kept, as formerly, only that the arms in the guard chamber and -keep were removed and carried away. An exceeding great storm of wind and -rain, in some places stripping the trees of their fruit and leaves as if -it had been winter; and an extraordinary wet season, with great floods. - -23d July, 1692. I went with my wife, son, and daughter, to Eton, to see -my grandson, and thence to my Lord Godolphin's, at Cranburn, where we -lay, and were most honorably entertained. The next day to St. George's -Chapel, and returned to London late in the evening. - -25th July, 1692. To Mr. Hewer's at Clapham, where he has an excellent, -useful, and capacious house on the Common, built by Sir Den. Gauden, and -by him sold to Mr. Hewer, who got a very considerable estate in the -Navy, in which, from being Mr. Pepys's clerk, he came to be one of the -principal officers, but was put out of all employment on the Revolution, -as were all the best officers, on suspicion of being no friends to the -change; such were put in their places, as were most shamefully ignorant -and unfit. Mr. Hewer lives very handsomely and friendly to everybody. -Our fleet was now sailing on their long pretense of a descent on the -French coast; but, after having sailed one hundred leagues, returned, -the admiral and officers disagreeing as to the place where they were to -land, and the time of year being so far spent,--to the great dishonor of -those at the helm, who concerted their matters so indiscreetly, or, as -some thought, designedly. - -This whole summer was exceedingly wet and rainy, the like had not been -known since the year 1648; while in Ireland they had not known so great -a drought. - -26th July, 1692. I went to visit the Bishop of Lincoln, when, among -other things, he told me that one Dr. Chaplin, of University College in -Oxford, was the person who wrote the "Whole Duty of Man"; that he used -to read it to his pupil, and communicated it to Dr. Sterne, afterward -Archbishop of York, but would never suffer any of his pupils to have a -copy of it. - -9th August, 1692. A fast. Came the sad news of the hurricane and -earthquake, which has destroyed almost the whole Island of Jamaica, many -thousands having perished. - -11th August, 1692. My son, his wife, and little daughter, went for -Ireland, there to reside as one of the Commissioners of the Revenue. - -14th August, 1692. Still an exceedingly wet season. - -15th September, 1692. There happened an earthquake, which, though not so -great as to do any harm in England, was universal in all these parts of -Europe. It shook the house at Wotton, but was not perceived by any save -a servant or two, who were making my bed, and another in a garret. I and -the rest being at dinner below in the parlor, were not sensible of it. -The dreadful one in Jamaica this summer was profanely and ludicrously -represented in a puppet play, or some such lewd pastime, in the fair of -Southwark, which caused the Queen to put down that idle and vicious mock -show. - -1st October, 1692. This season was so exceedingly cold, by reason of a -long and tempestuous northeast wind, that this usually pleasant month -was very uncomfortable. No fruit ripened kindly. Harbord dies at -Belgrade; Lord Paget sent Ambassador in his room. - -6th November, 1692. There was a vestry called about repairing or new -building of the church [at Deptford], which I thought unseasonable in -regard of heavy taxes, and other improper circumstances, which I there -declared. - -10th November, 1692. A solemn Thanksgiving for our victory at sea, safe -return of the King, etc. - -20th November, 1692. Dr. Lancaster, the new Vicar of St. Martin's, -preached. - -A signal robbery in Hertfordshire of the tax money bringing out of the -north toward London. They were set upon by several desperate persons, -who dismounted and stopped all travelers on the road, and guarding them -in a field, when the exploit was done, and the treasure taken, they -killed all the horses of those whom they stayed, to hinder pursuit, -being sixteen horses. They then dismissed those that they had -dismounted. - -14th December, 1692. With much reluctance we gratified Sir J. -Rotherham, one of Mr. Boyle's trustees, by admitting the Bishop of Bath -and Wells to be lecturer for the next year, instead of Mr. Bentley, who -had so worthily acquitted himself. We intended to take him in again the -next year. - -[Sidenote: LONDON] - -January, 1692-93. Contest in Parliament about a self-denying Act, that -no Parliament man should have any office; it wanted only two or three -voices to have been carried. The Duke of Norfolk's bill for a divorce -thrown out, he having managed it very indiscreetly. The quarrel between -Admiral Russell and Lord Nottingham yet undetermined. - -4th February, 1693. After five days' trial and extraordinary contest, -the Lord Mohun was acquitted by the Lords of the murder of Montford, the -player, notwithstanding the judges, from the pregnant witnesses of the -fact, had declared him guilty; but whether in commiseration of his -youth, being not eighteen years old, though exceedingly dissolute, or -upon whatever other reason, the King himself present some part of the -trial, and satisfied, as they report, that he was culpable. 69 acquitted -him, only 14 condemned him. - -Unheard of stories of the universal increase of witches in New England; -men, women, and children, devoting themselves to the devil, so as to -threaten the subversion of the government.[79] At the same time there -was a conspiracy among the negroes in Barbadoes to murder all their -masters, discovered by overhearing a discourse of two of the slaves, and -so preventing the execution of the design. Hitherto an exceedingly mild -winter. France in the utmost misery and poverty for want of corn and -subsistence, while the ambitious King is intent to pursue his conquests -on the rest of his neighbors both by sea and land. Our Admiral, Russell, -laid aside for not pursuing the advantage he had obtained over the -French in the past summer; three others chosen in his place. Dr. Burnet, -Bishop of Salisbury's book burned by the hangman for an expression of -the King's title by conquest, on a complaint of Joseph How, a member of -Parliament, little better than a madman. - - [Footnote 79: Some account of these poor people is given in Bray and - Manning's "History of Surrey," ii. 714, from the papers of the Rev. - Mr. Miller, Vicar of Effingham, in that county, who was chaplain to - the King's forces in the colony from 1692 to 1695. Some of the - accused were convicted and executed; but Sir William Phipps, the - Governor, had the good sense to reprieve, and afterward pardon, - several; and the Queen approved his conduct.] - -19th February, 1693. The Bishop of Lincoln preached in the afternoon at -the Tabernacle near Golden Square, set up by him. Proposals of a -marriage between Mr. Draper and my daughter Susanna. Hitherto an -exceedingly warm winter, such as has seldom been known, and portending -an unprosperous spring as to the fruits of the earth; our climate -requires more cold and winterly weather. The dreadful and astonishing -earthquake swallowing up Catania, and other famous and ancient cities, -with more than 100,000 persons in Sicily, on 11th January last, came now -to be reported among us. - -26th February, 1693. An extraordinary deep snow, after almost no winter, -and a sudden gentle thaw. A deplorable earthquake at Malta, since that -of Sicily, nearly as great. - -19th March, 1693. A new Secretary of State, Sir John Trenchard; the -Attorney-General, Somers, made Lord-Keeper, a young lawyer of -extraordinary merit. King William goes toward Flanders; but returns, the -wind being contrary. - -31st March, 1693. I met the King going to Gravesend to embark in his -yacht for Holland. - -23d April, 1693. An extraordinary wet spring. - -27th April, 1693. My daughter Susanna was married to William Draper, -Esq., in the chapel of Ely House, by Dr. Tenison, Bishop of Lincoln -(since Archbishop). I gave her in portion £4,000, her jointure is £500 -per annum. I pray Almighty God to give his blessing to this marriage! -She is a good child, religious, discreet, ingenious, and qualified with -all the ornaments of her sex. She has a peculiar talent in design, as -painting in oil and miniature, and an extraordinary genius for whatever -hands can do with a needle. She has the French tongue, has read most of -the Greek and Roman authors and poets, using her talents with great -modesty; exquisitely shaped, and of an agreeable countenance. This -character is due to her, though coming from her father. Much of this -week spent in ceremonies, receiving visits and entertaining relations, -and a great part of the next in returning visits. - -11th May, 1693. We accompanied my daughter to her husband's house, -where with many of his and our relations we were magnificently treated. -There we left her in an apartment very richly adorned and furnished, and -I hope in as happy a condition as could be wished, and with the great -satisfaction of all our friends; for which God be praised! - -14th May, 1693. Nothing yet of action from abroad. Muttering of a design -to bring forces under color of an expected descent, to be a standing -army for other purposes. Talk of a declaration of the French King, -offering mighty advantages to the confederates, exclusive of King -William; and another of King James, with an universal pardon, and -referring the composing of all differences to a Parliament. These were -yet but discourses; but something is certainly under it. A declaration -or manifesto from King James, so written, that many thought it -reasonable, and much more to the purpose than any of his former. - -June, 1693. WHITSUNDAY. I went to my Lord Griffith's chapel; the common -church office was used for the King without naming the person, with some -other, apposite to the necessity and circumstances of the time. - -11th June, 1693. I dined at Sir William Godolphin's; and, after evening -prayer, visited the Duchess of Grafton. - -21st June, 1693. I saw a great auction of pictures in the Banqueting -house, Whitehall. They had been my Lord Melford's, now Ambassador from -King James at Rome, and engaged to his creditors here. Lord Mulgrave and -Sir Edward Seymour came to my house, and desired me to go with them to -the sale. Divers more of the great lords, etc., were there, and bought -pictures dear enough. There were some very excellent of Vandyke, Rubens, -and Bassan. Lord Godolphin bought the picture of the Boys, by Murillo -the Spaniard, for 80 guineas, dear enough; my nephew Glanville, the old -Earl of Arundel's head by Rubens, for £20. Growing late, I did not stay -till all were sold. - -24th June, 1693. A very wet hay harvest, and little summer as yet. - -9th July, 1693. Mr. Tippin, successor of Dr. Parr at Camberwell, -preached an excellent sermon. - -[Sidenote: LONDON] - -13th July, 1693. I saw the Queen's rare cabinets and collection of -china; which was wonderfully rich and plentiful, but especially a large -cabinet, looking-glass frame and stands, all of amber, much of it white, -with historical bas-reliefs and statues, with medals carved in them, -esteemed worth £4,000, sent by the Duke of Brandenburgh, whose country, -Prussia, abounds with amber, cast up by the sea; divers other China and -Indian cabinets, screens, and hangings. In her library were many books -in English, French, and Dutch, of all sorts; a cupboard of gold plate; a -cabinet of silver filagree, which I think was our Queen Mary's, and -which, in my opinion, should have been generously sent to her. - -18th July, 1693. I dined with Lord Mulgrave, with the Earl of -Devonshire, Mr. Hampden (a scholar and fine gentleman), Dr. Davenant, -Sir Henry Vane, and others, and saw and admired the Venus of Correggio, -which Lord Mulgrave had newly bought of Mr. Daun for £250; one of the -best paintings I ever saw. - -1st August, 1693. Lord Capel, Sir Cyril Wyche, and Mr. Duncomb, made -Lord Justices in Ireland; Lord Sydney recalled, and made Master of the -Ordnance. - -6th August, 1693. Very lovely harvest weather, and a wholesome season, -but no garden fruit. - -31st October, 1693. A very wet and uncomfortable season. - -12th November, 1693. Lord Nottingham resigned as Secretary of State; the -Commissioners of the Admiralty ousted, and Russell restored to his -office. The season continued very wet, as it had nearly all the summer, -if one might call it summer, in which there was no fruit, but corn was -very plentiful. - -14th November, 1693. In the lottery set up after the Venetian manner by -Mr. Neale, Sir R. Haddock, one of the Commissioners of the Navy, had the -greatest lot, £3,000; my coachman £40. - -17th November, 1693. Was the funeral of Captain Young, who died of the -stone and great age. I think he was the first who in the first war with -Cromwell against Spain, took the Governor of Havanna, and another rich -prize, and struck the first stroke against the Dutch fleet in the first -war with Holland in the time of the Rebellion; a sober man and an -excellent seaman. - -30th November, 1693. Much importuned to take the office of President of -the Royal Society, but I again declined it. Sir Robert Southwell was -continued. We all dined at Pontac's as usual. - -3d December, 1693. Mr. Bentley preached at the Tabernacle, near Golden -Square. I gave my voice for him to proceed on his former subject the -following year in Mr. Boyle's lecture, in which he had been interrupted -by the importunity of Sir J. Rotheram that the Bishop of Chichester[80] -might be chosen the year before, to the great dissatisfaction of the -Bishop of Lincoln and myself. We chose Mr. Bentley again. The Duchess of -Grafton's appeal to the House of Lords for the Prothonotary's place -given to the late Duke and to her son by King Charles II., now -challenged by the Lord Chief Justice. The judges were severely reproved -on something they said. - - [Footnote 80: A mistake for Bath and Wells. Bishop Kidder is - referred to.] - -10th December, 1693. A very great storm of thunder and lightning. - -1st January, 1693-94. Prince Lewis of Baden came to London, and was much -feasted. Danish ships arrested carrying corn and naval stores to France. - -11th January, 1694. Supped at Mr. Edward Sheldon's, where was Mr. -Dryden, the poet, who now intended to write no more plays, being intent -on his translation of Virgil. He read to us his prologue and epilogue to -his valedictory play now shortly to be acted. - -21st January, 1694. Lord Macclesfield, Lord Warrington, and Lord -Westmorland, all died within about one week. Several persons shot, -hanged, and made away with themselves. - -11th February, 1694. Now was the great trial of the appeal of Lord Bath -and Lord Montagu before the Lords, for the estate of the late Duke of -Albemarle. - -10th March, 1694. Mr. Stringfellow preached at Trinity parish, being -restored to that place, after the contest between the Queen and the -Bishop of London who had displaced him. - -22d March, 1694. Came the dismal news of the disaster befallen our -Turkey fleet by tempest, to the almost utter ruin of that trade, the -convoy of three or four men-of-war, and divers merchant ships, with all -their men and lading, having perished. - -[Sidenote: LONDON] - -25th March, 1694. Mr. Goode, minister of St. Martin's, preached; he was -likewise put in by the Queen, on the issue of her process with the -Bishop of London. - -30th March, 1694. I went to the Duke of Norfolk, to desire him to make -cousin Evelyn of Nutfield one of the Deputy-Lieutenants of Surrey, and -entreat him to dismiss my brother, now unable to serve by reason of age -and infirmity. The Duke granted the one, but would not suffer my brother -to resign his commission, desiring he should keep the honor of it during -his life, though he could not act. He professed great kindness to our -family. - -1st April, 1694. Dr. Sharp, Archbishop of York, preached in the -afternoon at the Tabernacle, by Soho. - -13th April, 1694. Mr. Bentley, our Boyle Lecturer, Chaplain to the -Bishop of Worcester, came to see me. - -15th April, 1694. One Mr. Stanhope preached a most excellent sermon. - -22d April, 1694. A fiery exhalation rising out of the sea, spread itself -in Montgomeryshire a furlong broad, and many miles in length, burning -all straw, hay, thatch, and grass, but doing no harm to trees, timber, -or any solid things, only firing barns, or thatched houses. It left such -a taint on the grass as to kill all the cattle that eat of it. I saw the -attestations in the hands of the sufferers. It lasted many months. "The -Berkeley Castle" sunk by the French coming from the East Indies, worth -£200,000. The French took our castle of Gamboo in Guinea, so that the -Africa Actions fell to £30, and the India to £80. Some regiments of -Highland Dragoons were on their march through England; they were of -large stature, well appointed and disciplined. One of them having -reproached a Dutchman for cowardice in our late fight, was attacked by -two Dutchmen, when with his sword he struck off the head of one, and -cleft the skull of the other down to his chin. - -A very young gentleman named Wilson, the younger son of one who had not -above £200 a year estate, lived in the garb and equipage of the richest -nobleman, for house, furniture, coaches, saddle horses, and kept a -table, and all things accordingly, redeemed his father's estate, and -gave portions to his sisters, being challenged by one Laws, a Scotchman, -was killed in a duel, not fairly. The quarrel arose from his taking away -his own sister from lodging in a house where this Laws had a mistress, -which the mistress of the house thinking a disparagement to it, and -losing by it, instigated Laws to this duel. He was taken and condemned -for murder. The mystery is how this so young a gentleman, very sober and -of good fame, could live in such an expensive manner; it could not be -discovered by all possible industry, or entreaty of his friends to make -him reveal it. It did not appear that he was kept by women, play, -coining, padding, or dealing in chemistry; but he would sometimes say -that if he should live ever so long, he had wherewith to maintain -himself in the same manner. He was very civil and well-natured, but of -no great force of understanding. This was a subject of much discourse. - -24th April, 1694. I went to visit Mr. Waller, an extraordinary young -gentleman of great accomplishments, skilled in mathematics, anatomy, -music, painting both in oil and miniature to great perfection, an -excellent botanist, a rare engraver on brass, writer in Latin, and a -poet; and with all this exceedingly modest. His house is an academy of -itself. I carried him to see Brompton Park [by Knightsbridge], where he -was in admiration at the store of rare plants, and the method he found -in that noble nursery, and how well it was cultivated. A public Bank of -£140,000, set up by Act of Parliament among other Acts, and Lotteries -for money to carry on the war. The whole month of April without rain. A -great rising of people in Buckinghamshire, on the declaration of a -famous preacher, till now reputed a sober and religious man, that our -Lord Christ appearing to him on the 16th of this month, told him he was -now come down, and would appear publicly at Pentecost, and gather all -the saints, Jews and Gentiles, and lead them to Jerusalem, and begin the -Millennium, and destroying and judging the wicked, deliver the -government of the world to the saints. Great multitudes followed this -preacher, divers of the most zealous brought their goods and -considerable sums of money, and began to live in imitation of the -primitive saints, minding no private concerns, continually dancing and -singing Hallelujah night and day. This brings to mind what I lately -happened to find in Alstedius, that the thousand years should begin this -very year 1694; it is in his "Encyclopĉdia Biblica." My copy of the book -printed near sixty years ago. - -[Sidenote: WOTTON] - -4th May, 1694. I went this day with my wife and four servants from Sayes -Court, removing much furniture of all sorts, books, pictures, hangings, -bedding, etc., to furnish the apartment my brother assigned me, and now, -after more than forty years, to spend the rest of my days with him at -Wotton, where I was born; leaving my house at Deptford full furnished, -and three servants, to my son-in-law Draper, to pass the summer in, and -such longer time as he should think fit to make use of it. - -6th May, 1694. This being the first Sunday in the month, the blessed -sacrament of the Lord's Supper ought to have been celebrated at Wotton -church, but in this parish it is exceedingly neglected, so that, unless -at the four great feasts, there is no communion hereabouts; which is a -great fault both in ministers and people. I have spoken to my brother, -who is the patron, to discourse the minister about it. Scarcely one -shower has fallen since the beginning of April. - -30th May, 1694. This week we had news of my Lord Tiviot having cut his -own throat, through what discontent not yet said. He had been, not many -years past, my colleague in the commission of the Privy Seal, in old -acquaintance, very soberly and religiously inclined. Lord, what are we -without thy continual grace! - -Lord Falkland, grandson to the learned Lord Falkland, Secretary of State -to King Charles I., and slain in his service, died now of the smallpox. -He was a pretty, brisk, understanding, industrious young gentleman; had -formerly been faulty, but now much reclaimed; had also the good luck to -marry a very great fortune, besides being entitled to a vast sum, his -share of the Spanish wreck, taken up at the expense of divers -adventurers. From a Scotch Viscount he was made an English Baron, -designed Ambassador for Holland; had been Treasurer of the Navy, and -advancing extremely in the new Court. All now gone in a moment, and I -think the title is extinct. I know not whether the estate devolves to my -cousin Carew. It was at my Lord Falkland's, whose lady importuned us to -let our daughter be with her some time, so that that dear child took the -same infection, which cost her valuable life. - -3d June, 1694. Mr. Edwards, minister of Denton, in Sussex, a living in -my brother's gift, came to see him. He had suffered much by a fire. -Seasonable showers. - -14th June, 1694. The public fast. Mr. Wotton, that extraordinary learned -young man, preached excellently. - -1st July, 1694. Mr. Duncomb, minister of Albury, preached at Wotton, a -very religious and exact discourse. - -The first great bank for a fund of money being now established by Act of -Parliament, was filled and completed to the sum of £120,000, and put -under the government of the most able and wealthy citizens of London. -All who adventured any sum had four per cent., so long as it lay in the -bank, and had power either to take it out at pleasure, or transfer it. -Glorious steady weather; corn and all fruits in extraordinary plenty -generally. - -13th July, 1694. Lord Berkeley burnt Dieppe and Havre de Grace with -bombs, in revenge for the defeat at Brest. This manner of destructive -war was begun by the French, is exceedingly ruinous, especially falling -on the poorer people, and does not seem to tend to make a more speedy -end of the war; but rather to exasperate and incite to revenge. Many -executed at London for clipping money, now done to that intolerable -extent, that there was hardly any money that was worth above half the -nominal value. - -4th August, 1694. I went to visit my cousin, George Evelyn of Nutfield, -where I found a family of ten children, five sons and five -daughters--all beautiful women grown, and extremely well-fashioned. All -painted in one piece, very well, by Mr. Lutterell, in crayon on copper, -and seeming to be as finely painted as the best miniature. They are the -children of two extraordinary beautiful wives. The boys were at school. - -5th August, 1694. Stormy and unseasonable wet weather this week. - -[Sidenote: LONDON] - -5th October, 1694. I went to St. Paul's to see the choir, now finished -as to the stone work, and the scaffold struck both without and within, -in that part. Some exceptions might perhaps be taken as to the placing -columns on pilasters at the east tribunal. As to the rest it is a piece -of architecture without reproach. The pulling out the forms, like -drawers, from under the stalls, is ingenious. I went also to see the -building beginning near St. Giles's, where seven streets make a star -from a Doric pillar placed in the middle of a circular area; said to be -built by Mr. Neale, introducer of the late lotteries, in imitation of -those at Venice, now set up here, for himself twice, and now one for the -State. - -28th October, 1694. Mr. Stringfellow preached at Trinity church. - -22d November, 1694. Visited the Bishop of Lincoln [Tenison] newly come -on the death of the Archbishop of Canterbury, who a few days before had -a paralytic stroke,--the same day and month that Archbishop Sancroft was -put out. A very sickly time, especially the smallpox, of which divers -considerable persons died. The State lottery[81] drawing, Mr. Cock, a -French refugee, and a President in the Parliament of Paris for the -Reformed, drew a lot of £1,000 per annum. - - [Footnote 81: State lotteries finally closed October 18, 1826.] - -29th November, 1694. I visited the Marquis of Normanby, and had much -discourse concerning King Charles II. being poisoned. Also concerning -the _quinquina_ which the physicians would not give to the King, at a -time when, in a dangerous ague, it was the only thing that could cure -him (out of envy because it had been brought into vogue by Mr. Tudor, an -apothecary), till Dr. Short, to whom the King sent to know his opinion -of it privately, he being reputed a Papist (but who was in truth a very -honest, good Christian), sent word to the King that it was the only -thing which could save his life, and then the King enjoined his -physicians to give it to him, which they did and he recovered. Being -asked by this Lord why they would not prescribe it, Dr. Lower said it -would spoil their practice, or some such expression, and at last -confessed it was a remedy fit only for kings. Exception was taken that -the late Archbishop did not cause any of his Chaplains to use any office -for the sick during his illness. - -9th December, 1694. I had news that my dear and worthy friend, Dr. -Tenison, Bishop of Lincoln, was made Archbishop of Canterbury, for which -I thank God and rejoice, he being most worthy of it, for his learning, -piety, and prudence. - -13th December, 1694. I went to London to congratulate him. He being my -proxy, gave my vote for Dr. Williams, to succeed Mr. Bentley in Mr. -Boyle's lectures. - -29th December, 1694. The smallpox increased exceedingly, and was very -mortal. The Queen died of it on the 28th. - -13th January, 1694-95. The Thames was frozen over. The deaths by -smallpox increased to five hundred more than in the preceding week. The -King and Princess Anne reconciled, and she was invited to keep her Court -at Whitehall, having hitherto lived privately at Berkeley House; she was -desired to take into her family divers servants of the late Queen; to -maintain them the King has assigned her £5,000 a quarter. - -20th January, 1695. The frost and continual snow have now lasted five -weeks. - -February, 1695. Lord Spencer married the Duke of Newcastle's daughter, -and our neighbor, Mr. Hussey, married a daughter of my cousin, George -Evelyn, of Nutfield. - -3d February, 1695. The long frost intermitted, but not gone. - -17th February, 1695. Called to London by Lord Godolphin, one of the -Lords of the Treasury, offering me the treasurership of the hospital -designed to be built at Greenwich for worn-out seamen. - -24th February, 1695. I saw the Queen lie in state. - -27th February, 1695. The Marquis of Normanby told me King Charles had a -design to buy all King Street, and build it nobly, it being the street -leading to Westminster. This might have been done for the expense of the -Queen's funeral, which was £50,000, against her desire. - -5th March, 1695. I went to see the ceremony. Never was so universal a -mourning; all the Parliament men had cloaks given them, and four hundred -poor women; all the streets hung and the middle of the street boarded -and covered with black cloth. There were all the nobility, mayor, -aldermen, judges, etc. - -8th March, 1695. I supped at the Bishop of Lichfield and Coventry's, -who related to me the pious behavior of the Queen in all her sickness, -which was admirable. She never inquired of what opinion persons were, -who were objects of charity; that, on opening a cabinet, a paper was -found wherein she had desired that her body might not be opened, or any -extraordinary expense at her funeral, whenever she should die. This -paper was not found in time to be observed. There were other excellent -things under her own hand, to the very least of her debts, which were -very small, and everything in that exact method, as seldom is found in -any private person. In sum, she was such an admirable woman, abating for -taking the Crown without a more due apology, as does, if possible, outdo -the renowned Queen Elizabeth. - -10th March, 1695. I dined at the Earl of Sunderland's with Lord Spencer. -My Lord showed me his library, now again improved by many books bought -at the sale of Sir Charles Scarborough, an eminent physician, which was -the very best collection, especially of mathematical books, that was I -believe in Europe, once designed for the King's Library at St. James's; -but the Queen dying, who was the great patroness of that design, it was -let fall, and the books were miserably dissipated. - -The new edition of Camden's "Britannia" was now published (by Bishop -Gibson), with great additions; those to Surrey were mine, so that I had -one presented to me. Dr. Gale showed me a MS. of some parts of the New -Testament in vulgar Latin, that had belonged to a monastery in the North -of Scotland, which he esteemed to be about eight hundred years old; -there were some considerable various readings observable, as in John i., -and genealogy of St. Luke. - -24th March, 1695. EASTER DAY. Mr. Duncomb, parson of this parish, -preached, which he hardly comes to above once a year though but seven or -eight miles off; a florid discourse, read out of his notes. The Holy -Sacrament followed, which he administered with very little reverence, -leaving out many prayers and exhortations; nor was there any oblation. -This ought to be reformed, but my good brother did not well consider -when he gave away this living and the next [Abinger]. - -March, 1695. The latter end of the month sharp and severely cold, with -much snow and hard frost; no appearance of spring. - -31st March, 1695. Mr. Lucas preached in the afternoon at Wotton. - -[Sidenote: LONDON] - -7th April, 1695. Lord Halifax died suddenly at London, the day his -daughter was married to the Earl of Nottingham's son at Burleigh. Lord -H. was a very rich man, very witty, and in his younger days somewhat -positive. - -14th April, 1695. After a most severe, cold, and snowy winter, without -almost any shower for many months, the wind continuing N. and E. and not -a leaf appearing; the weather and wind now changed, some showers fell, -and there was a remission of cold. - -21st April, 1695. The spring begins to appear, yet the trees hardly -leafed. Sir T. Cooke discovers what prodigious bribes have been given by -some of the East India Company out of the stock, which makes a great -clamor. Never were so many private bills passed for unsettling estates, -showing the wonderful prodigality and decay of families. - -5th May, 1695. I came to Deptford from Wotton, in order to the first -meeting of the Commissioners for endowing an hospital for seamen at -Greenwich; it was at the Guildhall, London. Present, the Archbishop of -Canterbury, Lord Keeper, Lord Privy Seal, Lord Godolphin, Duke of -Shrewsbury, Duke of Leeds, Earls of Dorset and Monmouth, Commissioners -of the Admiralty and Navy, Sir Robert Clayton, Sir Christopher Wren, and -several more. The Commission was read by Mr. Lowndes, Secretary to the -Lords of the Treasury, Surveyor-General. - -17th May, 1695. Second meeting of the Commissioners, and a committee -appointed to go to Greenwich to survey the place, I being one of them. - -21st May, 1695. We went to survey Greenwich, Sir Robert Clayton, Sir -Christopher Wren, Mr. Travers, the King's Surveyor, Captain Sanders, and -myself. - -24th May, 1695. We made report of the state of Greenwich house, and how -the standing part might be made serviceable at present for £6,000, and -what ground would be requisite for the whole design. My Lord Keeper -ordered me to prepare a book for subscriptions, and a preamble to it. - -31st May, 1695. Met again. Mr. Vanbrugh was made secretary to the -commission, by my nomination of him to the Lords, which was all done -that day. - -7th June, 1695. The commissioners met at Guildhall, when there were -scruples and contests of the Lord Mayor, who would not meet, not being -named as one of the quorum, so that a new commission was required, -though the Lord Keeper and the rest thought it too nice a punctilio. - -14th May, 1695. Met at Guildhall, but could do nothing for want of a -quorum. - -5th July, 1695. At Guildhall; account of subscriptions, about £7,000 or -£8,000. - -6th July, 1695. I dined at Lambeth, making my first visit to the -Archbishop, where there was much company, and great cheer. After prayers -in the evening, my Lord made me stay to show me his house, furniture, -and garden, which were all very fine, and far beyond the usual -Archbishops, not as affected by this, but being bought ready furnished -by his predecessor. We discoursed of several public matters, -particularly of the Princess of Denmark, who made so little figure. - -11th July, 1695. Met at Guildhall; not a full committee, so nothing -done. - -14th July, 1695. No sermon at church; but, after prayers, the names of -all the parishioners were read, in order to gathering the tax of 4s. for -marriages, burials, etc. A very imprudent tax, especially this reading -the names, so that most went out of the church. - -[Sidenote: WOTTON] - -19th July, 1695. I dined at Sir Purbeck Temple's, near Croydon; his lady -is aunt to my son-in-law, Draper; the house exactly furnished. Went -thence with my son and daughter to Wotton. At Wotton, Mr. Duncomb, -parson of Albury, preached excellently. - -28th July, 1695. A very wet season. - -11th August, 1695. The weather now so cold, that greater frosts were not -always seen in the midst of winter; this succeeded much wet, and set -harvest extremely back. - -25th September, 1695. Mr. Offley preached at Abinger; too much -controversy on a point of no consequence, for the country people here. -This was the first time I had heard him preach. Bombarding of Cadiz; a -cruel and brutish way of making war, first began by the French. The -season wet, great storms, unseasonable harvest weather. My good and -worthy friend, Captain Gifford, who that he might get some competence to -live decently, adventured all he had in a voyage of two years to the -East Indies, was, with another great ship, taken by some French -men-of-war, almost within sight of England, to the loss of near £70,000, -to my great sorrow, and pity of his wife, he being also a valiant and -industrious man. The losses of this sort to the nation have been -immense, and all through negligence, and little care to secure the same -near our own coasts; of infinitely more concern to the public than -spending their time in bombarding and ruining two or three paltry towns, -without any benefit, or weakening our enemies, who, though they began, -ought not to be imitated in an action totally averse to humanity, or -Christianity. - -29th September, 1695. Very cold weather. Sir Purbeck Temple, uncle to my -son Draper, died suddenly. A great funeral at Addiscombe. His lady being -own aunt to my son Draper, he hopes for a good fortune, there being no -heir. There had been a new meeting of the commissioners about Greenwich -hospital, on the new commission, where the Lord Mayor, etc. appeared, -but I was prevented by indisposition from attending. The weather very -sharp, winter approaching apace. The King went a progress into the -north, to show himself to the people against the elections, and was -everywhere complimented, except at Oxford, where it was not as he -expected, so that he hardly stopped an hour there, and having seen the -theater, did not receive the banquet proposed. I dined with Dr. Gale at -St. Paul's school, who showed me many curious passages out of some -ancient Platonists' MSS. concerning the Trinity, which this great and -learned person would publish, with many other rare things, if he was -encouraged, and eased of the burden of teaching. - -25th October, 1695. The Archbishop and myself went to Hammersmith, to -visit Sir Samuel Morland, who was entirely blind; a very mortifying -sight. He showed us his invention of writing, which was very ingenious; -also his wooden calendar, which instructed him all by feeling; and other -pretty and useful inventions of mills, pumps, etc., and the pump he had -erected that serves water to his garden, and to passengers, with an -inscription, and brings from a filthy part of the Thames near it a most -perfect and pure water. He had newly buried £200 worth of music books -six feet under ground, being, as he said, love songs and vanity. He -plays himself psalms and religious hymns on the theorbo. Very mild -weather the whole of October. - -[Sidenote: LONDON] - -10th November, 1695. Mr. Stanhope, Vicar of Lewisham, preached at -Whitehall. He is one of the most accomplished preachers I ever heard, -for matter, eloquence, action, voice, and I am told, of excellent -conversation. - -13th November, 1695. Famous fireworks and very chargeable, the King -being returned from his progress. He stayed seven or eight days at Lord -Sunderland's at Althorpe, where he was mightily entertained. These -fireworks were shown before Lord Romney, master of the ordnance, in St. -James's great square, where the King stood. - -17th November, 1695. I spoke to the Archbishop of Canterbury to interest -himself for restoring a room belonging to St. James's library, where the -books want place. - -21st November, 1695. I went to see Mr. Churchill's collection of -rarities. - -23d November, 1695. To Lambeth, to get Mr. Williams continued in Boyle's -lectures another year. Among others who dined there was Dr. Covel, the -great Oriental traveler. - -1st December, 1695. I dined at Lord Sunderland's, now the great favorite -and underhand politician, but not adventuring on any character, being -obnoxious to the people for having twice changed his religion. - -23d December, 1695. The Parliament wondrously intent on ways to reform -the coin; setting out a Proclamation prohibiting the currency of -half-crowns, etc., which made much confusion among the people. - -25th December, 1695. Hitherto mild, dark, misty, weather. Now snow and -frost. - -12th January, 1695-96. Great confusion and distraction by reason of the -clipped money, and the difficulty found in reforming it. - -2d February, 1696. An extraordinary wet season, though temperate as to -cold. The "Royal Sovereign" man-of-war burned at Chatham. It was built -in 1637, and having given occasion to the levy of ship money was perhaps -the cause of all the after troubles to this day. An earthquake in -Dorsetshire by Portland, or rather a sinking of the ground suddenly for -a large space, near the quarries of stone, hindering the conveyance of -that material for the finishing St. Paul's. - -23d February, 1696. They now began to coin new money. - -26th February, 1696. There was now a conspiracy of about thirty -knights, gentlemen, captains, many of them Irish and English Papists, -and Nonjurors or Jacobites (so called), to murder King William on the -first opportunity of his going either from Kensington, or to hunting, or -to the chapel; and upon signal of fire to be given from Dover Cliff to -Calais, an invasion was designed. In order to it there was a great army -in readiness, men-of-war and transports, to join a general insurrection -here, the Duke of Berwick having secretly come to London to head them, -King James attending at Calais with the French army. It was discovered -by some of their own party. £1,000 reward was offered to whoever could -apprehend any of the thirty named. Most of those who were engaged in it, -were taken and secured. The Parliament, city, and all the nation, -congratulate the discovery; and votes and resolutions were passed that, -if King William should ever be assassinated, it should be revenged on -the Papists and party through the nation; an Act of Association drawing -up to empower the Parliament to sit on any such accident, till the Crown -should be disposed of according to the late settlement at the -Revolution. All Papists, in the meantime, to be banished ten miles from -London. This put the nation into an incredible disturbance and general -animosity against the French King and King James. The militia of the -nation was raised, several regiments were sent for out of Flanders, and -all things put in a posture to encounter a descent. This was so timed by -the enemy, that while we were already much discontented by the greatness -of the taxes, and corruption of the money, etc., we had like to have had -very few men-of-war near our coasts; but so it pleased God that Admiral -Rooke wanting a wind to pursue his voyage to the Straits, that squadron, -with others at Portsmouth and other places, were still in the Channel, -and were soon brought up to join with the rest of the ships which could -be got together, so that there is hope this plot may be broken. I look -on it as a very great deliverance and prevention by the providence of -God. Though many did formerly pity King James's condition, this design -of assassination and bringing over a French army, alienated many o£ his -friends, and was likely to produce a more perfect establishment of King -William. - -1st March, 1696. The wind continuing N. and E. all this week, brought so -many of our men-of-war together that, though most of the French finding -their design detected and prevented, made a shift to get into Calais and -Dunkirk roads, we wanting fire-ships and bombs to disturb them; yet they -were so engaged among the sands and flats, that 'tis said they cut their -masts and flung their great guns overboard to lighten their vessels. We -are yet upon them. This deliverance is due solely to God. French were to -have invaded at once England, Scotland, and Ireland. - -8th March, 1696. Divers of the conspirators tried and condemned. - -Vesuvius breaking out, terrified Naples. Three of the unhappy wretches, -whereof one was a priest, were executed[82] for intending to assassinate -the King; they acknowledged their intention, but acquitted King James of -inciting them to it, and died very penitent. Divers more in danger, and -some very considerable persons. - - [Footnote 82: Robert Charnock, Edward King, and Thomas Keys.] - -Great frost and cold. - -[Sidenote: LONDON] - -6th April, 1696. I visited Mr. Graham in the Fleet. - -10th April, 1696. The quarters of Sir William Perkins and Sir John -Friend, lately executed on the plot, with Perkins's head, were set up at -Temple Bar, a dismal sight, which many pitied. I think there never was -such at Temple Bar till now, except once in the time of King Charles -II., namely, of Sir Thomas Armstrong.[83] - - [Footnote 83: He was concerned in the Rye-House plot, fled into - Holland, was given up, and executed in his own country, 1684. See p. - 198.] - -12th April, 1696. A very fine spring season. - -19th April, 1696. Great offense taken at the three ministers who -absolved Sir William Perkins and Friend at Tyburn. One of them (Snatt) -was a son of my old schoolmaster. This produced much altercation as to -the canonicalness of the action. - -21st April, 1696. We had a meeting at Guildhall of the grand committee -about settling the draught of Greenwich hospital. - -23d April, 1696. I went to Eton, and dined with Dr. Godolphin, the -provost. The schoolmaster assured me there had not been for twenty years -a more pregnant youth in that place than my grandson. I went to see the -King's House at Kensington. It is very noble, though not great. The -gallery furnished with the best pictures [from] all the houses, of -Titian, Raphael, Correggio, Holbein, Julio Romano, Bassan, Vandyke, -Tintoretto, and others; a great collection of porcelain; and a pretty -private library. The gardens about it very delicious. - -26th April, 1696. Dr. Sharp preached at the Temple. His prayer before -the sermon was one of the most excellent compositions I ever heard. - -28th April, 1696. The Venetian Ambassador made a stately entry with -fifty footmen, many on horseback, four rich coaches, and a numerous -train of gallants. More executions this week of the assassins. Oates -dedicated a most villainous, reviling book against King James, which he -presumed to present to King William, who could not but abhor it, -speaking so infamously and untruly of his late beloved Queen's own -father. - -2d May, 1696. I dined at Lambeth, being summoned to meet my co-trustees, -the Archbishop, Sir Henry Ashurst, and Mr. Serjeant Rotheram, to consult -about settling Mr. Boyle's lecture for a perpetuity; which we concluded -upon, by buying a rent charge of £50 per annum, with the stock in our -hands. - -6th May, 1696. I went to Lambeth, to meet at dinner the Countess of -Sunderland and divers ladies. We dined in the Archbishop's wife's -apartment with his Grace, and stayed late; yet I returned to Deptford at -night. - -13th May, 1696. I went to London to meet my son, newly come from -Ireland, indisposed. Money still continuing exceedingly scarce, so that -none was paid or received, but all was on trust, the mint not supplying -for common necessities. The Association with an oath required of all -lawyers and officers, on pain of _prĉmunire_, whereby men were obliged -to renounce King James as no rightful king, and to revenge King -William's death, if happening by assassination. This to be taken by all -the Counsel by a day limited, so that the Courts of Chancery and King's -Bench hardly heard any cause in Easter Term, so many crowded to take the -oath. This was censured as a very entangling contrivance of the -Parliament in expectation, that many in high office would lay down, and -others surrender. Many gentlemen taken up on suspicion of the late plot, -were now discharged out of prison. - -29th May, 1696. We settled divers offices, and other matters relating to -workmen, for the beginning of Greenwich hospital. - -[Sidenote: DEPTFORD] - -1st June, 1696. I went to Deptford to dispose of our goods, in order to -letting the house for three years to Vice Admiral Benbow, with condition -to keep up the garden. This was done soon after. - -4th June, 1696. A committee met at Whitehall about Greenwich Hospital, -at Sir Christopher Wren's, his Majesty's Surveyor-General. We made the -first agreement with divers workmen and for materials; and gave the -first order for proceeding on the foundation, and for weekly payments to -the workmen, and a general account to be monthly. - -11th June, 1696. Dined at Lord Pembroke's, Lord Privy Seal, a very -worthy gentleman. He showed me divers rare pictures of very many of the -old and best masters, especially one of M. Angelo of a man gathering -fruit to give to a woman, and a large book of the best drawings of the -old masters. Sir John Fenwick, one of the conspirators, was taken. Great -subscriptions in Scotland to their East India Company. Want of current -money to carry on the smallest concerns, even for daily provisions in -the markets. Guineas lowered to twenty-two shillings, and great sums -daily transported to Holland, where it yields more, with other treasure -sent to pay the armies, and nothing considerable coined of the new and -now only current stamp, cause such a scarcity that tumults are every day -feared, nobody paying or receiving money; so imprudent was the late -Parliament to condemn the old though clipped and corrupted, till they -had provided supplies. To this add the fraud of the bankers and -goldsmiths, who having gotten immense riches by extortion, keep up their -treasure in expectation of enhancing its value. Duncombe, not long since -a mean goldsmith, having made a purchase of the late Duke of -Buckingham's estate at nearly £90,000, and reputed to have nearly as -much in cash. Banks and lotteries every day set up. - -18th June, 1696. The famous trial between my Lord Bath and Lord Montague -for an estate of £11,000 a year, left by the Duke of Albemarle, wherein -on several trials had been spent,£20,000 between them. The Earl of Bath -was cast on evident forgery. - -20th June, 1696. I made my Lord Cheney a visit at Chelsea, and saw those -ingenious waterworks invented by Mr. Winstanley, wherein were some -things very surprising and extraordinary. - -21st June, 1696. An exceedingly rainy, cold, unseasonable summer, yet -the city was very healthy. - -25th June, 1696. A trial in the Common Pleas between the Lady Purbeck -Temple and Mr. Temple, a nephew of Sir Purbeck, concerning a deed set up -to take place of several wills. This deed was proved to be forged. The -cause went on my lady's side. This concerning my son-in-law, Draper, I -stayed almost all day at Court. A great supper was given to the jury, -being persons of the best condition in Buckinghamshire. - -30th June, 1696. I went with a select committee of the Commissioners for -Greenwich Hospital, and with Sir Christopher Wren, where with him I laid -the first stone of the intended foundation, precisely at five o'clock in -the evening, after we had dined together. Mr. Flamstead, the King's -Astronomical Professor, observing the punctual time by instruments. - -4th July, 1696. Note that my Lord Godolphin was the first of the -subscribers who paid any money to this noble fabric. - -7th July, 1696. A northern wind altering the weather with a continual -and impetuous rain of three days and nights changed it into perfect -winter. - -12th July, 1696. Very unseasonable and uncertain weather. - -26th July, 1696. So little money in the nation that Exchequer Tallies, -of which I had for £2,000 on the best fund in England, the Post Office, -nobody would take at 30 per cent discount. - -3d August, 1696. The Bank lending the £200,000 to pay the array in -Flanders, that had done nothing against the enemy, had so exhausted the -treasure of the nation, that one could not have borrowed money under 14 -or 15 per cent on bills, or on Exchequer Tallies under 30 per cent. -Reasonable good harvest weather. I went to Lambeth and dined with the -Archbishop, who had been at Court on the complaint against Dr. Thomas -Watson, Bishop of St. David's, who was suspended for simony. The -Archbishop told me how unsatisfied he was with the Canon law, and how -exceedingly unreasonable all their pleadings appeared to him. - -September, 1696. Fine seasonable weather, and a great harvest after a -cold, wet summer. Scarcity in Scotland. - -6th September, 1696. I went to congratulate the marriage of a daughter -of Mr. Boscawen to the son of Sir Philip Meadows; she is niece to my -Lord Godolphin, married at Lambeth by the Archbishop, 30th of August. -After above six months' stay in London about Greenwich Hospital, I -returned to Wotton. - -24th October, 1696. Unseasonable stormy weather, and an ill seedtime. - -November, 1696. Lord Godolphin retired from the Treasury, who was the -first Commissioner and most skillful manager of all. - -8th November, 1696. The first frost began fiercely, but lasted not long. -More plots talked of. Search for Jacobites so called. - -15th-23d November, 1696. Very stormy weather, rain, and inundations. - -13th December, 1696. Continuance of extreme frost and snow. - -17th January, 1696-7. The severe frost and weather relented, but again -froze with snow. Conspiracies continue against King William. Sir John -Fenwick was beheaded. - -7th February, 1697. Severe frost continued with snow. Soldiers in the -armies and garrison towns frozen to death on their posts. - - (Here a leaf of the MS. is lost.) - -17th August, 1697. I came to Wotton after three months' absence. - -September, 1697. Very bright weather, but with sharp east wind. My son -came from London in his melancholy indisposition. - -12th September, 1697. Mr. Duncombe, the rector, came and preached after -an absence of two years, though only living seven or eight miles off [at -Ashted]. Welcome tidings of the Peace. - -3d October, 1697. So great were the storms all this week, that near a -thousand people were lost going into the Texel. - -[Sidenote: LONDON] - -16th November, 1697. The King's entry very pompous; but is nothing -approaching that of King Charles II. - -2d December, 1697. Thanksgiving Day for the Peace, the King and a great -Court at Whitehall. The Bishop of Salisbury preached, or rather made a -florid panegyric, on 2 Chron. ix. 7, 8. The evening concluded with -fireworks and illuminations of great expense. - -5th December, 1697. Was the first Sunday that St. Paul's had had service -performed in it since it was burned in 1666. - -6th December, 1697. I went to Kensington with the Sheriff, Knights, and -chief gentlemen of Surrey, to present their address to the King. The -Duke of Norfolk promised to introduce it, but came so late, that it was -presented before be came. This insignificant ceremony was brought in in -Cromwell's time, and has ever since continued with offers of life and -fortune to whoever happened to have the power. I dined at Sir Richard -Onslow's, who treated almost all the gentlemen of Surrey. When we had -half dined, the Duke of Norfolk came in to make his excuse. - -12th December, 1697. At the Temple Church; it was very long before the -service began, staying for the Comptroller of the Inner Temple, where -was to be kept a riotous and reveling Christmas, according to custom. - -18th December, 1697. At Lambeth, to Dr. Bentley, about the Library at -St. James's. - -23d December, 1697. I returned to Wotton. - -1697-98. A great Christmas kept at Wotton, open house, much company. I -presented my book of Medals, etc., to divers noblemen, before I exposed -it to sale. - -2d January, 1698. Dr. Fulham, who lately married my niece, preached -against atheism, a very eloquent discourse, somewhat improper for most -of the audience at [Wotton], but fitted for some other place, and very -apposite to the profane temper of the age. - -[Sidenote: LONDON] - -5th January, 1698. Whitehall burned, nothing but walls and ruins left. - -30th January, 1698. The imprisonment of the great banker, Duncombe: -censured by Parliament; acquitted by the Lords; sent again to the Tower -by the Commons. - -The Czar of Muscovy being come to England, and having a mind to see the -building of ships, hired my house at Sayes Court, and made it his court -and palace, newly furnished for him by the King.[84] - - [Footnote 84: While the Czar was in his house. Evelyn's servant - writes to him: "There is a house full of people, and right nasty. - The Czar lies next your library, and dines in the parlor next your - study. He dines at ten o'clock and at six at night; is very seldom - at home a whole day; very often in the King's yard, or by water, - dressed in several dresses. The King is expected here this day; the - best parlor is pretty clean for him to be entertained in. The King - pays for all he has."] - -21st April, 1698. The Czar went from my house to return home. An -exceedingly sharp and cold season. - -8th May, 1698. An extraordinary great snow and frost, nipping the corn -and other fruits. Corn at nine shillings a bushel [£18 a load]. - -30th May, 1698. I dined at Mr. Pepys's, where I heard the rare voice of -Mr. Pule, who was lately come from Italy, reputed the most excellent -singer we had ever had. He sung several compositions of the late Dr. -Purcell. - -5th June, 1698. Dr. White, late Bishop of Norwich, who had been ejected -for not complying with Government, was buried in St. Gregory's -churchyard, or vault, at St. Paul's. His hearse was accompanied by two -non-juror bishops, Dr. Turner of Ely, and Dr. Lloyd, with forty other -non-juror clergymen, who would not stay the Office of the burial, -because the Dean of St. Paul's had appointed a conforming minister to -read the Office; at which all much wondered, there being nothing in that -Office which mentioned the present King. - -8th June, 1698. I went to congratulate the marriage of Mr. Godolphin -with the Earl of Marlborough's daughter. - -9th June, 1698. To Deptford, to see how miserably the Czar had left my -house, after three months making it his Court. I got Sir Christopher -Wren, the King's surveyor, and Mr. London, his gardener, to go and -estimate the repairs, for which they allowed £150 in their report to the -Lords of the Treasury. I then went to see the foundation of the Hall and -Chapel at Greenwich Hospital. - -6th August, 1698. I dined with Pepys, where was Captain Dampier,[85] who -had been a famous buccaneer, had brought hither the painted Prince Job, -and printed a relation of his very strange adventure, and his -observations. He was now going abroad again by the King's encouragement, -who furnished a ship of 290 tons. He seemed a more modest man than one -would imagine by the relation of the crew he had assorted with. He -brought a map of his observations of the course of the winds in the -South Sea, and assured us that the maps hitherto extant were all false -as to the Pacific Sea, which he makes on the south of the line, that on -the north end running by the coast of Peru being extremely tempestuous. - - [Footnote 85: The celebrated navigator, born in 1652, the time of - whose death is uncertain. His "Voyage Round the World" has gone - through many editions, and the substance of it has been transferred - to many collections of voyages.] - -25th September, 1698. Dr. Foy came to me to use my interest with Lord -Sunderland for his being made Professor of Physic at Oxford, in the -King's gift. I went also to the Archbishop in his behalf. - -7th December, 1698. Being one of the Council of the Royal Society, I was -named to be of the committee to wait on our new President, the Lord -Chancellor, our Secretary, Dr. Sloane, and Sir R. Southwell, last -Vice-President, carrying our book of statutes; the office of the -President being read, his Lordship subscribed his name, and took the -oaths according to our statutes as a Corporation for the improvement of -natural knowledge. Then his Lordship made a short compliment concerning -the honor the Society had done him, and how ready he would be to promote -so noble a design, and come himself among us, as often as the attendance -on the public would permit; and so we took our leave. - -18th December, 1698. Very warm, but exceedingly stormy. - -January, 1698-99. My cousin Pierrepoint died. She was daughter to Sir -John Evelyn, of Wilts, my father's nephew; she was widow to William -Pierrepoint, brother to the Marquis of Dorchester, and mother to Evelyn -Pierrepoint, Earl of Kingston; a most excellent and prudent lady. - -[Sidenote: LONDON] - -The House of Commons persist in refusing more than 7,000 men to be a -standing army, and no strangers to be in the number. This displeased the -Court party. Our county member, Sir R. Onslow, opposed it also; which -might reconcile him to the people, who began to suspect him. - -17th February, 1699. My grandson went to Oxford with Dr. Mander, the -Master of Baliol College, where he was entered a fellow-commoner. - -19th February, 1699. A most furious wind, such as has not happened for -many years, doing great damage to houses and trees, by the fall of which -several persons were killed. - -5th March, 1699. The old East India Company lost their business against -the new Company, by ten votes in Parliament, so many of their friends -being absent, going to see a tiger baited by dogs. - -The persecuted Vaudois, who were banished out of Savoy, were received by -the German Protestant Princes. - -24th March, 1699. My only remaining son died after a tedious languishing -sickness, contracted in Ireland, and increased here, to my exceeding -grief and affliction; leaving me one grandson, now at Oxford, whom I -pray God to prosper and be the support of the Wotton family. He was aged -forty-four years and about three months. He had been six years one of -the Commissioners of the Revenue in Ireland, with great ability and -reputation. - -26th March, 1699. After an extraordinary storm, there came up the Thames -a whale which was fifty-six feet long. Such, and a larger of the spout -kind, was killed there forty years ago (June 1658). That year died -Cromwell. - -30th March, 1699. My deceased son was buried in the vault at Wotton, -according to his desire. - -The Duke of Devon lost £1,900 at a horse race at Newmarket. - -The King preferring his young favorite Earl of Albemarle to be first -Commander of his Guard, the Duke of Ormond laid down his commission. -This of the Dutch Lord passing over his head, was exceedingly resented -by everybody. - -April, 1699. Lord Spencer purchased an incomparable library[86] of ... -wherein, among other rare books, were several that were printed at the -first invention of that wonderful art, as particularly "Tully's Offices, -etc." There was a Homer and a Suidas in a very good Greek character and -good paper, almost as ancient. This gentleman is a very fine scholar, -whom from a child I have known. His tutor was one Florival of Geneva. - - [Footnote 86: The foundation of the noble library now at Blenheim.] - -29th April, 1699. I dined with the Archbishop; but my business was to -get him to persuade the King to purchase the late Bishop of Worcester's -library, and build a place for his own library at St. James's, in the -Park, the present one being too small. - -3d May, 1699. At a meeting of the Royal Society I was nominated to be of -the committee to wait on the Lord Chancellor to move the King to -purchase the Bishop of Worcester's library (Dr. Edward Stillingfleet). - -4th May, 1699. The Court party have little influence in this Session. - -7th May, 1699. The Duke of Ormond restored to his commission. All -Lotteries, till now cheating the people, to be no longer permitted than -to Christmas, except that for the benefit of Greenwich Hospital. Mr. -Bridgman, chairman of the committee for that charitable work, died; a -great loss to it. He was Clerk of the Council, a very industrious, -useful man. I saw the library of Dr. John Moore,[87] Bishop of Norwich, -one of the best and most ample collection of all sorts of good books in -England, and he, one of the most learned men. - - [Footnote 87: Afterward Bishop of Ely. He died 31st of July, 1714. - King George I. purchased this library after the Bishop's death, for - £6,000, and presented it to the University of Cambridge, where it - now is.] - -11th June, 1699. After a long drought, we had a refreshing shower. The -day before, there was a dreadful fire at Rotherhithe, near the Thames -side, which burned divers ships, and consumed nearly three hundred -houses. Now died the famous Duchess of Mazarin; she had been the richest -lady in Europe. She was niece of Cardinal Mazarin, and was married to -the richest subject in Europe, as is said. She was born at Rome, -educated in France, and was an extraordinary beauty and wit but -dissolute and impatient of matrimonial restraint, so as to be abandoned -by her husband, and banished, when she came into England for shelter, -lived on a pension given her here, and is reported to have hastened her -death by intemperate drinking strong spirits. She has written her own -story and adventures, and so has her other extravagant sister, wife to -the noble family of Colonna. - -[Sidenote: LONDON] - -15th June, 1699. This week died Conyers Seymour, son of Sir Edward -Seymour, killed in a duel caused by a slight affront in St. James's -Park, given him by one who was envious of his gallantries; for he was a -vain, foppish young man, who made a great _éclât_ about town by his -splendid equipage and boundless expense. He was about twenty-three years -old; his brother, now at Oxford, inherited an estate of £7,000 a year, -which had fallen to him not two years before. - -19th June, 1699. My cousin, George Evelyn, of Nutfield, died suddenly. - -25th June, 1699. The heat has been so great, almost all this month, that -I do not remember to have felt much greater in Italy, and this after a -winter the wettest, though not the coldest, that I remember for fifty -years last past. - -28th June, 1699. Finding my occasions called me so often to London, I -took the remainder of the lease my son had in a house in Dover Street, -to which I now removed, not taking my goods from Wotton. - -23d July, 1699. Seasonable showers, after a continuance of excessive -drought and heat. - -August, 1699. I drank the Shooters' Hill waters. At Deptford, they had -been building a pretty new church. The Bishop of St. David's [Watson] -deprived for simony.[88] The city of Moscow burnt by the throwing of -squibs. - - [Footnote 88: _Ante_, p. 330.] - -3d September, 1699. There was in this week an eclipse of the sun, at -which many were frightened by the predictions of the astrologers. I -remember fifty years ago that many were so terrified by Lilly, that they -dared not go out of their houses. A strange earthquake at New Batavia, -in the East Indies. - -4th October, 1699. My worthy brother died at Wotton, in the 83d year of -his age, of perfect memory and understanding. He was religious, sober, -and temperate, and of so hospitable a nature, that no family in the -county maintained that ancient custom of keeping, as it were, open house -the whole year in the same manner, or gave more noble or free -entertainment to the county on all occasions, so that his house was -never free. There were sometimes twenty persons more than his family, -and some that stayed there all the summer, to his no small expense; by -this he gained the universal love of the county. He was born at Wotton, -went from the free school at Guildford to Trinity College, Oxford, -thence to the Middle Temple, as gentlemen of the best quality did, but -without intention to study the law as a profession. He married the -daughter of Colwall, of a worthy and ancient family in Leicestershire, -by whom he had one son; she dying in 1643, left George her son an -infant, who being educated liberally, after traveling abroad, returned -and married one Mrs. Gore, by whom he had several children, but only -three daughters survived. He was a young man of good understanding, but, -over-indulging his ease and pleasure, grew so very corpulent, contrary -to the constitution of the rest of his father's relations, that he died. -My brother afterward married a noble and honorable lady, relict of Sir -John Cotton, she being an Offley, a worthy and ancient Staffordshire -family, by whom he had several children of both sexes. This lady died, -leaving only two daughters and a son. The younger daughter died before -marriage; the other afterward married Sir Cyril Wych, a noble and -learned gentleman (son of Sir ---- Wych), who had been Ambassador at -Constantinople, and was afterward made one of the Lords Justices of -Ireland. Before this marriage, her only brother married the daughter of ----- Eversfield, of Sussex, of an honorable family, but left a widow -without any child living; he died about 1691, and his wife not many -years after, and my brother resettled the whole estate on me. His -sister, Wych, had a portion of £6,000, to which was added £300 more; the -three other daughters, with what I added, had about £5,000 each. My -brother died on the 5th of October, in a good old age and great -reputation, making his beloved daughter, Lady Wych, sole executrix, -leaving me only his library and some pictures of my father, mother, etc. -She buried him with extraordinary solemnity, rather as a nobleman than -as a private gentleman. There were, as I computed, above 2,000 persons -at the funeral, all the gentlemen of the county doing him the last -honors. I returned to London, till my lady should dispose of herself and -family. - -21st October, 1699. After an unusual warm and pleasant season, we were -surprised with a very sharp frost. I presented my "_Acetaria_," -dedicated to my Lord Chancellor, who returned me thanks in an -extraordinarily civil letter. - -15th November, 1699. There happened this week so thick a mist and fog, -that people lost their way in the streets, it being so intense that no -light of candles, or torches, yielded any (or but very little) -direction. I was in it, and in danger. Robberies were committed between -the very lights which were fixed between London and Kensington on both -sides, and while coaches and travelers were passing. It began about four -in the afternoon, and was quite gone by eight, without any wind to -disperse it. At the Thames, they beat drums to direct the watermen to -make the shore. - -19th November, 1699. At our chapel in the evening there was a sermon -preached by young Mr. Horneck, chaplain to Lord Guilford, whose lady's -funeral had been celebrated magnificently the Thursday before. A -panegyric was now pronounced, describing the extraordinary piety and -excellently employed life of this amiable young lady. She died in -childbed a few days before, to the excessive sorrow of her husband, who -ordered the preacher to declare that it was on her exemplary life, -exhortations and persuasion, that he totally changed the course of his -life, which was before in great danger of being perverted; following the -mode of this dissolute age. Her devotion, early piety, charity, -fastings, economy, disposition of her time in reading, praying, -recollections in her own handwriting of what she heard and read, and her -conversation were most exemplary. - -24th November, 1699. I signed Dr. Blackwell's election to be the next -year's Boyles Lecturer. - -Such horrible robberies and murders were committed, as had not been -known in this nation; atheism, profaneness, blasphemy, among all sorts, -portended some judgment if not amended; on which a society was set on -foot, who obliged themselves to endeavor the reforming of it, in London -and other places, and began to punish offenders and put the laws in more -strict execution; which God Almighty prosper! A gentle, calm, dry, -temperate weather all this season of the year, but now came sharp, hard -frost, and mist, but calm. - -3d December, 1699. Calm, bright, and warm as in the middle of April. So -continued on 21st of January. A great earthquake in Portugal. - -[Sidenote: LONDON] - -The Parliament reverses the prodigious donations of the Irish -forfeitures, which were intended to be set apart for discharging the -vast national debt. They called some great persons in the highest -offices in question for setting the Great Seal to the pardon of an -arch-pirate,[89] who had turned pirate again, and brought prizes into -the West Indies, suspected to be connived at on sharing the prey; but -the prevailing part in the House called Courtiers, out-voted the -complaints, not by being more in number, but by the country party being -negligent in attendance. - - [Footnote 89: Captain Kidd; he was hanged about two years afterward - with some of his accomplices. This was one of the charges brought by - the Commons against Lord Somers.] - -14th January, 1699-1700. Dr. Lancaster, Vicar of St. Martin's, dismissed -Mr. Stringfellow, who had been made the first preacher at our chapel by -the Bishop of Lincoln [Dr. Tenison, now Archbishop], while he held St. -Martin's by dispensation, and put in one Mr. Sandys, much against the -inclination of those who frequented the chapel. The Scotch book about -Darien was burned by the hangman by vote of Parliament.[90] - - [Footnote 90: The volume alluded to was "An Enquiry into the Causes - of the Miscarriage of the Scots Colony at Darien: Or an Answer to a - Libel," entitled "A Defense of the Scots abdicating Darien." See - Votes of the House of Commons, 15th January, 1699-1700.] - -21st January, 1700. Died the Duke of Beaufort, a person of great honor, -prudence, and estate. - -25th January, 1700. I went to Wotton, the first time after my brother's -funeral, to furnish the house with necessaries, Lady Wych and my nephew -Glanville, the executors having sold and disposed of what goods were -there of my brother's. The weather was now altering into sharp and hard -frost. - -[Sidenote: LONDON] - -One Stephens, who preached before the House of Commons on King Charles's -Martyrdom, told them that the observation of that day was not intended -out of any detestation of his murder, but to be a lesson to other Kings -and Rulers, how they ought to behave themselves toward their subjects, -lest they should come to the same end. This was so resented that, though -it was usual to desire these anniversary sermons to be printed, they -refused thanks to him, and ordered that in future no one should preach -before them, who was not either a Dean or a Doctor of Divinity. - -4th February, 1700. The Parliament voted against the Scots settling in -Darien as being prejudicial to our trade with Spain. They also voted -that the exorbitant number of attorneys be lessened (now indeed -swarming, and evidently causing lawsuits and disturbance, eating out the -estates of the people, provoking them to go to law). - -18th February, 1700. Mild and calm season, with gentle frost, and little -mizzling rain. The Vicar of St. Martin's frequently preached at Trinity -chapel in the afternoon. - -8th March, 1700. The season was like April for warmth and -mildness.--11th. On Wednesday, was a sermon at our chapel, to be -continued during Lent. - -13th March, 1700. I was at the funeral of my Lady Temple, who was buried -at Islington, brought from Addiscombe, near Croydon. She left my -son-in-law Draper (her nephew) the mansion house of Addiscombe, very -nobly and completely furnished, with the estate about it, with plate and -jewels, to the value in all of about £20,000. She was a very prudent -lady, gave many great legacies, with £500 to the poor of Islington, -where her husband, Sir Purbeck Temple, was buried, both dying without -issue. - -24th March, 1700. The season warm, gentle, and exceedingly pleasant. -Divers persons of quality entered into the Society for Reformation[91] -of Manners; and some lectures were set up, particularly in the city of -London. The most eminent of the clergy preached at Bow Church, after -reading a declaration set forth by the King to suppress the growing -wickedness; this began already to take some effect as to common -swearing, and oaths in the mouths of people of all ranks. - - [Footnote 91: _Ante_, p. 349.] - -25th March, 1700. Dr. Burnet preached to-day before the Lord Mayor and a -very great congregation, on Proverbs xxvii. 5, 6, "Open rebuke is better -than secret love; the wounds of a friend are better than the kisses of -an enemy." He made a very pathetic discourse concerning the necessity -and advantage of friendly correction. - -April, 1700. The Duke of Norfolk now succeeded in obtaining a divorce -from his wife by the Parliament for adultery with Sir John Germaine, a -Dutch gamester, of mean extraction, who had got much by gaming; the Duke -had leave to marry again, so that if he should have children, the -Dukedom will go from the late Lord Thomas's children, Papists indeed, -but very hopeful and virtuous gentlemen, as was their father. The now -Duke their uncle is a Protestant. - -The Parliament nominated fourteen persons to go into Ireland as -commissioners to dispose of the forfeited estates there, toward payment -of the debts incurred by the late war, but which the King had in great -measure given to some of his favorites of both sexes, Dutch and others -of little merit, and very unseasonably. That this might be done without -suspicion of interest in the Parliament, it was ordered that no member -of either House should be in the commission. The great contest between -the Lords and Commons concerning the Lords' power of amendments and -rejecting bills tacked to the money bill, carried for the Commons. -However, this tacking of bills is a novel practice, suffered by King -Charles II., who, being continually in want of money, let anything pass -rather than not have wherewith to feed his extravagance. This was -carried but by one voice in the Lords, all the Bishops following the -Court, save one; so that near sixty bills passed, to the great triumph -of the Commons and Country party, but high regret of the Court, and -those to whom the King had given large estates in Ireland. Pity it is, -that things should be brought to this extremity, the government of this -nation being so equally poised between King and subject; but we are -satisfied with nothing; and, while there is no perfection on this side -heaven, methinks both might be contented without straining things too -far. Among the rest, there passed a law as to Papists' estates, that if -one turned not Protestant before eighteen years of age, it should pass -to his next Protestant heir. This indeed seemed a hard law, but not only -the usage of the French King to his Protestant subjects, but the -indiscreet insolence of the Papists here, going in triumphant and public -processions with their Bishops, with banners and trumpets in divers -places (as is said) in the northern counties, has brought it on their -party. - -24th April, 1700. This week there was a great change of State officers. -The Duke of Shrewsbury resigned his Lord Chamberlainship to the Earl of -Jersey, the Duke's indisposition requiring his retreat. Mr. Vernon, -Secretary of State, was put out. The Seal was taken from the Lord -Chancellor Somers, though he had been acquitted by a great majority of -votes for what was charged against him in the House of Commons. This -being in term time, put some stop to business, many eminent lawyers -refusing to accept the office, considering the uncertainty of things in -this fluctuating conjuncture. It is certain that this Chancellor was a -most excellent lawyer, very learned in all polite literature, a superior -pen, master of a handsome style, and of easy conversation; but he is -said to make too much haste to be rich, as his predecessor, and most in -place in this age did, to a more prodigious excess than was ever known. -But the Commons had now so mortified the Court party, and property and -liberty were so much invaded in all the neighboring kingdoms, that their -jealousy made them cautious, and every day strengthened the law which -protected the people from tyranny. - -A most glorious spring, with hope of abundance of fruit of all kinds, -and a propitious year. - -10th May, 1700. The great trial between Sir Walter Clarges and Mr. -Sherwin concerning the legitimacy of the late Duke of Albemarle, on -which depended an estate of £1,500 a year; the verdict was given for Sir -Walter, 19th. Serjeant Wright at last accepted the Great Seal. - -[Sidenote: WOTTON] - -24th May, 1700. I went from Dover street to Wotton, for the rest of the -summer, and removed thither the rest of my goods from Sayes Court. - -2d June, 1700. A sweet season, with a mixture of refreshing showers. - -9th-16th June, 1700. In the afternoon, our clergyman had a catechism, -which was continued for some time. - -July, 1700. I was visited with illness, but it pleased God that I -recovered, for which praise be ascribed to him by me, and that he has -again so graciously advertised me of my duty to prepare for my latter -end, which at my great age, cannot be far off. - -The Duke of Gloucester, son of the Princess Anne of Denmark, died of the -smallpox. - -13th July, 1700. I went to Harden, which was originally a barren warren -bought by Sir Robert Clayton, who built there a pretty house, and made -such alteration by planting not only an infinite store of the best -fruit; but so changed the natural situation of the hill, valleys, and -solitary mountains about it, that it rather represented some foreign -country, which would produce spontaneously pines, firs, cypress, yew, -holly, and juniper; they were come to their perfect growth, with walks, -mazes, etc., among them, and were preserved with the utmost care, so -that I who had seen it some years before in its naked and barren -condition, was in admiration of it. The land was bought of Sir John -Evelyn, of Godstone, and was thus improved for pleasure and retirement -by the vast charge and industry of this opulent citizen. He and his lady -received us with great civility. The tombs in the church at Croydon of -Archbishops Grindal, Whitgift, and other Archbishops, are fine and -venerable; but none comparable to that of the late Archbishop Sheldon, -which, being all of white marble, and of a stately ordinance and -carvings, far surpassed the rest, and I judge could not cost less than -£700 or £800. - -20th September, 1700. I went to Beddington, the ancient seat of the -Carews, in my remembrance a noble old structure, capacious, and in form -of the buildings of the age of Henry VIII. and Queen Elizabeth, and -proper for the old English hospitality, but now decaying with the house -itself, heretofore adorned with ample gardens, and the first orange -trees[92] that had been seen in England, planted in the open ground, and -secured in winter only by a tabernacle of boards and stoves removable in -summer, that, standing 120 years, large and goodly trees, and laden with -fruit, were now in decay, as well as the grotto, fountains, cabinets, -and other curiosities in the house and abroad, it being now fallen to a -child under age, and only kept by a servant or two from utter -dilapidation. The estate and park about it also in decay. - - [Footnote 92: Oranges were eaten in this kingdom much earlier than - the time of King James I.] - -23d September, 1700. I went to visit Mr. Pepys at Clapham, where he has -a very noble and wonderfully well-furnished house, especially with -Indian and Chinese curiosities. The offices and gardens well -accommodated for pleasure and retirement. - -31st October, 1700. My birthday now completed the 80th year of my age. I -with my soul render thanks to God, who, of his infinite mercy, not only -brought me out of many troubles, but this year restored me to health, -after an ague and other infirmities of so great an age; my sight, -hearing, and other senses and faculties tolerable, which I implore him -to continue, with the pardon of my sins past, and grace to acknowledge -by my improvement of his goodness the ensuing year, if it be his -pleasure to protract my life, that I may be the better prepared for my -last day, through the infinite merits of my blessed Savior, the Lord -Jesus, Amen! - -5th November, 1700. Came the news of my dear grandson (the only male of -my family now remaining) being fallen ill of the smallpox at Oxford, -which after the dire effects of it in my family exceedingly afflicted -me; but so it pleased my most merciful God that being let blood at his -first complaint, and by the extraordinary care of Dr. Mander (Head of -the college and now Vice Chancellor), who caused him to be brought and -lodged in his own bed and bedchamber, with the advice of his physician -and care of his tutor, there were all fair hopes of his recovery, to our -infinite comfort. We had a letter every day either from the Vice -Chancellor himself, or his tutor. - -17th November, 1700. Assurance of his recovery by a letter from himself. - -[Sidenote: LONDON] - -There was a change of great officers at Court. Lord Godolphin returned -to his former station of first Commissioner of the Treasury; Sir Charles -Hedges, Secretary of State. - -30th November, 1700. At the Royal Society, Lord Somers, the late -Chancellor, was continued President. - -8th December, 1700. Great alterations of officers at Court, and -elsewhere,--Lord Chief Justice Treby died; he was a learned man in his -profession, of which we have now few, never fewer; the Chancery -requiring so little skill in deep law-learning, if the practicer can -talk eloquently in that Court; so that probably few care to study the -law to any purpose. Lord Marlborough Master of the Ordnance, in place of -Lord Romney made Groom of the Stole. The Earl of Rochester goes Lord -Lieutenant to Ireland. - -January, 1700-01. I finished the sale of North Stoake in Sussex to -Robert Michell, Esq., appointed by my brother to be sold for payment of -portions to my nieces, and other incumbrances on the estate. - -4th January, 1701. An exceeding deep snow, and melted away as suddenly. - -19th January, 1701. Severe frost, and such a tempest as threw down many -chimneys, and did great spoil at sea, and blew down above twenty trees -of mine at Wotton. - -9th February, 1701. The old Speaker laid aside, and Mr. Harley, an able -gentleman, chosen. Our countryman, Sir Richard Onslow, had a party for -him. - -27th February, 1701. By an order of the House of Commons, I laid before -the Speaker the state of what had been received and paid toward the -building of Greenwich Hospital. - -Mr. Wye, Rector of Wotton, died, a very worthy good man. I gave it to -Dr. Bohun, a learned person and excellent preacher, who had been my -son's tutor, and lived long in my family. - -18th March, 1701. I let Sayes Court to Lord Carmarthen, son to the Duke -of Leeds. 28th. I went to the funeral of my sister Draper, who was -buried at Edmonton in great state. Dr. Davenant displeased the clergy -now met in Convocation by a passage in his book, p. 40. - -April, 1701. A Dutch boy of about eight or nine years old was carried -about by his parents to show, who had about the iris of one eye the -letters of _Deus meus_, and of the other _Elohim_, in the Hebrew -character. How this was done by artifice none could imagine; his parents -affirming that he was so born. It did not prejudice his sight, and he -seemed to be a lively playing boy. Everybody went to see him; physicians -and philosophers examined it with great accuracy; some considered it as -artificial, others as almost supernatural. - -4th April, 1701. The Duke of Norfolk died of an apoplexy, and Mr. Thomas -Howard of complicated disease since his being cut for the stone; he was -one of the Tellers of the Exchequer. Mr. How made a Baron. - -May, 1701. Some Kentish men, delivering a petition to the House of -Commons, were imprisoned.[93] - - [Footnote 93: Justinian Champneys, Thomas Culpepper, William - Culpepper, William Hamilton, and David Polhill, gentlemen of - considerable property and family in the county. There is a very good - print of them in five ovals on one plate, engraved by R. White, in - 1701. They desired the Parliament to mind the public more, and their - private heats less. They were confined till the prorogation, and - were much visited. Burnet gives an account of them.] - -A great dearth, no considerable rain having fallen for some months. - -17th May, 1701. Very plentiful showers, the wind coming west and south. -The Bishops and Convocation at difference concerning the right of -calling the assembly and dissolving. Atterbury and Dr. Wake writing one -against the other. - -[Sidenote: LONDON] - -20th June, 1701. The Commons demanded a conference with the Lords on the -trial of Lord Somers, which the Lords refused, and proceeding on the -trial, the Commons would not attend, and he was acquitted. - -22d June, 1701. I went to congratulate the arrival of that worthy and -excellent person my Lord Galway, newly come out of Ireland, where he had -behaved himself so honestly, and to the exceeding satisfaction of the -people: but he was removed thence for being a Frenchman, though they had -not a more worthy, valiant, discreet, and trusty person in the two -kingdoms, on whom they could have relied for his conduct and fitness. He -was one who had deeply suffered, as well as the Marquis, his father, for -being Protestants. - -July, 1701. My Lord Treasurer made my grandson one of the Commissioners -of the prizes, salary £500 per annum. - -8th July, 1701. My grandson went to Sir Simon Harcourt, the -Solicitor-General, to Windsor, to wait on my Lord Treasurer. There had -been for some time a proposal of marrying my grandson to a daughter of -Mrs. Boscawen, sister of my Lord Treasurer, which was now far advanced. - -14th July, 1701. I subscribed toward rebuilding Oakwood Chapel, now, -after 200 years, almost fallen down. - -August, 1701. The weather changed from heat not much less than in Italy -or Spain for some few days, to wet, dripping, and cold, with -intermissions of fair. - -2d September, 1701. I went to Kensington, and saw the house, -plantations, and gardens, the work of Mr. Wise, who was there to receive -me. - -The death of King James, happening on the 15th of this month, N. S., -after two or three days' indisposition, put an end to that unhappy -Prince's troubles, after a short and unprosperous reign, indiscreetly -attempting to bring in Popery, and make himself absolute, in imitation -of the French, hurried on by the impatience of the Jesuits; which the -nation would not endure. - -Died the Earl of Bath, whose contest with Lord Montague about the Duke -of Albemarle's estate, claiming under a will supposed to have been -forged, is said to have been worth £10,000 to the lawyers. His eldest -son shot himself a few days after his father's death; for what cause is -not clear. He was a most hopeful young man, and had behaved so bravely -against the Turks at the siege of Vienna, that the Emperor made him a -Count of the Empire. It was falsely reported that Sir Edward Seymour was -dead, a great man; he had often been Speaker, Treasurer of the Navy, and -in many other lucrative offices. He was of a hasty spirit, not at all -sincere, but head of the party at any time prevailing in Parliament. - -29th September, 1701. I kept my first courts in Surrey, which took up -the whole week. My steward was Mr. Hervey, a Counsellor, Justice of -Peace, and Member of Parliament, and my neighbor. I gave him six -guineas, which was a guinea a day, and to Mr. Martin, his clerk, three -guineas. - -31st October, 1701. I was this day 81 complete, in tolerable health, -considering my great age. - -December, 1701. Great contentions about elections. I gave my vote and -interest to Sir R. Onslow and Mr. Weston. - -27th December, 1701. My grandson quitted Oxford. - -[Sidenote: LONDON] - -21st January, 1701-02. At the Royal Society there was read and approved -the delineation and description of my Tables of Veins and Arteries, by -Mr. Cooper, the chirurgeon, in order to their being engraved. - -8th March, 1702. The King had a fall from his horse, and broke his -collar bone, and having been much indisposed before, and aguish, with a -long cough and other weakness, died this Sunday morning, about four -o'clock. - -I carried my accounts of Greenwich Hospital to the Committee. - -12th April, 1702. My brother-in-law, Glanville, departed this life this -morning after a long languishing illness, leaving a son by my sister, -and two granddaughters. Our relation and friendship had been long and -great. He was a man of excellent parts. He died in the 84th year of his -age, and willed his body to be wrapped in lead and carried down to -Greenwich, put on board a ship, and buried in the sea, between Dover and -Calais, about the Goodwin sands; which was done on the Tuesday, or -Wednesday after. This occasioned much discourse, he having no relation -at all to the sea. He was a gentleman of an ancient family in -Devonshire, and married my sister Jane. By his prudent parsimony he much -improved his fortune. He had a place in the Alienation Office, and might -have been an extraordinary man, had he cultivated his parts. - -My steward at Wotton gave a very honest account of what he had laid out -on repairs, amounting to £1,900. - -3d May, 1702. The report of the committee sent to examine the state of -Greenwich hospital was delivered to the House of Commons, much to their -satisfaction. Lord Godolphin made Lord High Treasurer. - -Being elected a member of the Society lately incorporated for the -propagation of the Gospel in foreign parts, I subscribed £10 per annum -toward the carrying it on. We agreed that every missioner, besides the -£20 to set him forth, should have £50 per annum out of the stock of the -Corporation, till his settlement was worth to him £100 per annum. We -sent a young divine to New York. - -22d June, 1702. I dined at the Archbishop's with the newly made Bishop -of Carlisle, Dr. Nicolson, my worthy and learned correspondent. - -27th June, 1702. I went to Wotton with my family for the rest of the -summer, and my son-in-law, Draper, with his family, came to stay with -us, his house at Addiscombe being new-building, so that my family was -above thirty. Most of the new Parliament were chosen of Church of -England principles, against the peevish party. The Queen was -magnificently entertained at Oxford and all the towns she passed through -on her way to Bath. - -31st October, 1702. Arrived now to the 82d year of my age, having read -over all that passed since this day twelvemonth in these notes, I render -solemn thanks to the Lord, imploring the pardon of my past sins, and the -assistance of his grace; making new resolutions, and imploring that he -will continue his assistance, and prepare me for my blessed Savior's -coming, that I may obtain a comfortable departure, after so long a term -as has been hitherto indulged me. I find by many infirmities this year -(especially nephritic pains) that I much decline; and yet of his -infinite mercy retain my intellect and senses in great measure above -most of my age. I have this year repaired much of the mansion house and -several tenants' houses, and paid some of my debts and engagements. My -wife, children, and family in health: for all which I most sincerely -beseech Almighty God to accept of these my acknowledgments, and that if -it be his holy will to continue me yet longer, it may be to the praise -of his infinite grace, and salvation of my soul. Amen! - -8th November, 1702. My kinsman, John Evelyn, of Nutfield, a young and -very hopeful gentleman, and Member of Parliament, after having come to -Wotton to see me, about fifteen days past, went to London and there died -of the smallpox. He left a brother, a commander in the army in Holland, -to inherit a fair estate. - -Our affairs in so prosperous a condition both by sea and land, that -there has not been so great an union in Parliament, Court, and people, -in memory of man, which God in mercy make us thankful for, and continue! -The Bishop of Exeter preached before the Queen and both Houses of -Parliament at St. Paul's; they were wonderfully huzzaed in their -passage, and splendidly entertained in the city. - -December, 1702. The expectation now is, what treasure will be found on -breaking bulk of the galleon brought from Vigo by Sir George Rooke, -which being made up in an extraordinary manner in the hold, was not -begun to be opened till the fifth of this month, before two of the Privy -Council, two of the chief magistrates of the city, and the Lord -Treasurer. - -After the excess of honor conferred by the Queen on the Earl of -Marlborough, by making him a Knight of the Garter and a Duke, for the -success of but one campaign, that he should desire £5,000 a year to be -settled on him by Parliament out of the Post Office, was thought a bold -and unadvised request, as he had, besides his own considerable estate, -above £30,000 a year in places and employments, with £50,000 at -interest. He had married one daughter to the son of my Lord Treasurer -Godolphin, another to the Earl of Sunderland, and a third to the Earl of -Bridgewater. He is a very handsome person, well-spoken and affable, and -supports his want of acquired knowledge by keeping good company. - -January, 1702-03. News of Vice-Admiral Benbow's conflict with the French -fleet in the West Indies, in which he gallantly behaved himself, and was -wounded, and would have had extraordinary success, had not four of his -men-of-war stood spectators without coming to his assistance; for this, -two of their commanders were tried by a Council of War, and -executed;[94] a third was condemned to perpetual imprisonment, loss of -pay, and incapacity to serve in future. The fourth died. - - [Footnote 94: The Captains Kirby and Wade, having been tried and - condemned to die by a court-martial held on them in the West Indies, - were sent home in the "Bristol;" and, on its arrival at Portsmouth - were both shot on board, not being suffered to land on English - ground.] - -Sir Richard Onslow and Mr. Oglethorpe (son of the late Sir Theo. O.) -fought on occasion of some words which passed at a committee of the -House. Mr. Oglethorpe was disarmed. The Bill against occasional -conformity was lost by one vote. Corn and provisions so cheap that the -farmers are unable to pay their rents. - -[Sidenote: LONDON] - -February, 1703. A famous cause at the King's Bench between Mr. Fenwick -and his wife, which went for him with a great estate. The Duke of -Marlborough lost his only son at Cambridge by the smallpox. A great -earthquake at Rome, etc. A famous young woman, an Italian, was hired by -our comedians to sing on the stage, during so many plays, for which they -gave her £500; which part by her voice alone at the end of three scenes -she performed with such modesty and grace, and above all with such -skill, that there was never any who did anything comparable with their -voices. She was to go home to the Court of the King of Prussia, and I -believe carried with her out of this vain nation above £1,000, everybody -coveting to hear her at their private houses. - -26th May, 1703. This day died Mr. Samuel Pepys, a very worthy, -industrious and curious person, none in England exceeding him in -knowledge of the navy, in which he had passed through all the most -considerable offices, Clerk of the Acts and Secretary of the Admiralty, -all which he performed with great integrity. When King James II. went -out of England, he laid down his office, and would serve no more; but -withdrawing himself from all public affairs, he lived at Clapham with -his partner, Mr. Hewer, formerly his clerk, in a very noble house and -sweet place, where he enjoyed the fruit of his labors in great -prosperity. He was universally beloved, hospitable, generous, learned in -many things, skilled in music, a very great cherisher of learned men of -whom he had the conversation. His library and collection of other -curiosities were of the most considerable, the models of ships -especially. Besides what he published of an account of the navy, as he -found and left it, he had for divers years under his hand the History of -the Navy, or _Navalia_, as he called it; but how far advanced, and what -will follow of his, is left, I suppose, to his sister's son, Mr. -Jackson, a young gentleman, whom Mr. Pepys had educated in all sorts of -useful learning, sending him to travel abroad, from whence he returned -with extraordinary accomplishments, and worthy to be heir. Mr. Pepys had -been for near forty years so much my particular friend, that Mr. Jackson -sent me complete mourning, desiring me to be one to hold up the pall at -his magnificent obsequies; but my indisposition hindered me from doing -him this last office. - -13th June, 1703. Rains have been great and continual, and now, near -midsummer, cold and wet. - -11th July, 1703. I went to Addiscombe, sixteen miles from Wotton, to -see my son-in-law's new house, the outside, to the coving, being such -excellent brickwork, based with Portland stone, with the pilasters, -windows, and within, that I pronounced it in all the points of good and -solid architecture to be one of the very best gentlemen's houses in -Surrey, when finished. I returned to Wotton in the evening, though -weary. - -25th July, 1703. The last week in this month an uncommon long-continued -rain, and the Sunday following, thunder and lightning. - -12th August, 1703. The new Commission for Greenwich hospital was sealed -and opened, at which my son-in-law, Draper, was present, to whom I -resigned my office of Treasurer. From August 1696, there had been -expended in building £89,364 14s. 8d. - -31st October, 1703. This day, being eighty-three years of age, upon -examining what concerned me, more particularly the past year, with the -great mercies of God preserving me, and in the same measure making my -infirmities tolerable, I gave God most hearty and humble thanks, -beseeching him to confirm to me the pardon of my sins past, and to -prepare me for a better life by the virtue of his grace and mercy, for -the sake of my blessed Savior. - -21st November, 1703. The wet and uncomfortable weather staying us from -church this morning, our Doctor officiated in my family; at which were -present above twenty domestics. He made an excellent discourse on 1 Cor. -xv., v. 55, 56, of the vanity of this world and uncertainty of life, and -the inexpressible happiness and satisfaction of a holy life, with -pertinent inferences to prepare us for death and a future state. I gave -him thanks, and told him I took it kindly as my funeral sermon. - -[Sidenote: LONDON] - -26-7th November, 1703. The effects of the hurricane and tempest of -wind, rain, and lightning, through all the nation, especially London, -were very dismal. Many houses demolished, and people killed. As to my -own losses, the subversion of woods and timber, both ornamental and -valuable, through my whole estate, and about my house the woods crowning -the garden mount, the growing along the park meadow, the damage to my -own dwelling, farms, and outhouses, is almost tragical, not to be -paralleled, with anything happening in our age. I am not able to -describe it; but submit to the pleasure of Almighty God. - -7th December, 1703. I removed to Dover Street, where I found all well; -but houses, trees, garden, etc., at Sayes Court, suffered very much. - -31st December, 1703. I made up my accounts, paid wages, gave rewards and -New Year's gifts, according to custom. - -January, 1703-04. The King of Spain[95] landing at Portsmouth, came to -Windsor, where he was magnificently entertained by the Queen, and -behaved himself so nobly, that everybody was taken with his graceful -deportment. After two days, having presented the great ladies, and -others, with valuable jewels, he went back to Portsmouth, and -immediately embarked for Spain. - - [Footnote 95: Charles III., afterward Emperor of Germany, by the - title of Charles VI.] - -16th January, 1704. The Lord Treasurer gave my grandson the office of -Treasurer of the Stamp Duties, with a salary of £300 a year. - -30th January, 1704. The fast on the Martyrdom of King Charles I. was -observed with more than usual solemnity. - -May, 1704. Dr. Bathurst, President of Trinity College, Oxford, now -died,[96] I think the oldest acquaintance now left me in the world. He -was eighty-six years of age, stark blind, deaf, and memory lost, after -having been a person of admirable parts and learning. This is a serious -alarm to me. God grant that I may profit by it! He built a very handsome -chapel to the college, and his own tomb. He gave a legacy of money, and -a third part of his library, to his nephew, Dr. Bohun, who went hence to -his funeral. - - [Footnote 96: There is a very good Life of him, with his portrait - prefixed, by Thomas Warton, Fellow of Trinity College, and Poetry - Professor at Oxford.] - -[Sidenote: LONDON] - -7th September, 1704. This day was celebrated the thanksgiving for the -late great victory,[97] with the utmost pomp and splendor by the Queen, -Court, great Officers, Lords Mayor, Sheriffs, Companies, etc. The -streets were scaffolded from Temple Bar, where the Lord Mayor presented -her Majesty with a sword, which she returned. Every company was ranged -under its banners, the city militia without the rails, which were all -hung with cloth suitable to the color of the banner. The Lord Mayor, -Sheriffs, and Aldermen were in their scarlet robes, with caparisoned -horses; the Knight Marshal on horseback; the Foot-Guards; the Queen in a -rich coach with eight horses, none with her but the Duchess of -Marlborough in a very plain garment, the Queen full of jewels. Music and -trumpets at every city company. The great officers of the Crown, -Nobility, and Bishops, all in coaches with six horses, besides -innumerable servants, went to St. Paul's, where the Dean preached. After -this, the Queen went back in the same order to St. James's. The city -companies feasted all the Nobility and Bishops, and illuminated at -night. Music for the church and anthems composed by the best masters. -The day before was wet and stormy, but this was one of the most serene -and calm days that had been all the year. - - [Footnote 97: Over the French and Bavarians, at Blenheim, 13th - August, 1704.] - -October, 1704. The year has been very plentiful. - -31st October, 1704. Being my birthday and the 84th year of my life, -after particular reflections on my concerns and passages of the year, I -set some considerable time of this day apart, to recollect and examine -my state and condition, giving God thanks, and acknowledging his -infinite mercies to me and mine, begging his blessing, and imploring his -protection for the year following. - -December, 1704. Lord Clarendon presented me with the three volumes of -his father's "History of the Rebellion." - -My Lord of Canterbury wrote to me for suffrage for Mr. Clarke's -continuance this year in the Boyle Lecture, which I willingly gave for -his excellent performance of this year. - -9th February, 1704. I went to wait on my Lord Treasurer, where was the -victorious Duke of Marlborough, who came to me and took me by the hand -with extraordinary familiarity and civility, as formerly he was used to -do, without any alteration of his good-nature. He had a most rich George -in a sardonyx set with diamonds of very great value; for the rest, very -plain. I had not seen him for some years, and believed he might have -forgotten me. - -21st February, 1704. Remarkable fine weather. Agues and smallpox much in -every place. - -11th March, 1704. An exceedingly dry season. Great loss by fire, -burning the outhouses and famous stable of the Earl of Nottingham, at -Burleigh [Rutlandshire], full of rich goods and furniture, by the -carelessness of a servant. A little before, the same happened at Lord -Pembroke's, at Wilton. The old Countess of Northumberland, Dowager of -Algernon Percy, Admiral of the fleet to King Charles I., died in the 83d -year of her age. She was sister to the Earl of Suffolk, and left a great -estate, her jointure to descend to the Duke of Somerset. - -May, 1704. The Bailiff of Westminster hanged himself. He had an ill -report. - -On the death of the Emperor, there was no mourning worn at Court, -because there was none at the Imperial Court on the death of King -William. - -18th May, 1704. I went to see Sir John Chardin, at Turnham Green, the -gardens being very fine, and exceedingly well planted with fruit. - -20th May, 1704. Most extravagant expense to debauch and corrupt votes -for Parliament members. I sent my grandson with his party of my -freeholders to vote for Mr. Harvey, of Combe. - -4th January, 1704-05. I dined at Lambeth with the Archbishop of Dublin, -Dr. King, a sharp and ready man in politics, as well as very learned. - -June, 1705. The season very dry and hot. I went to see Dr. Dickinson the -famous chemist. We had long conversation about the philosopher's elixir, -which he believed attainable, and had seen projection himself by one who -went under the name of Mundanus, who sometimes came along among the -adepts, but was unknown as to his country, or abode; of this the doctor -had written a treatise in Latin, full of very astonishing relations. He -is a very learned person, formerly a Fellow of St. John's College, -Oxford, in which city he practiced physic, but has now altogether given -it over, and lives retired, being very old and infirm, yet continuing -chemistry. - -I went to Greenwich hospital, where they now began to take in wounded -and worn-out seamen, who are exceedingly well provided for. The -buildings now going on are very magnificent. - -[Sidenote: LONDON] - -October, 1705. Mr. Cowper made Lord Keeper. Observing how uncertain -great officers are of continuing long in their places, he would not -accept it, unless £2,000 a year were given him in reversion when he was -put out, in consideration of his loss of practice. His predecessors, how -little time soever they had the Seal, usually got £100,000 and made -themselves Barons. A new Secretary of State. Lord Abington, Lieutenant -of the Tower, displaced, and General Churchill, brother to the Duke of -Marlborough, put in. An indication of great unsteadiness somewhere, but -thus the crafty Whig party (as called) begin to change the face of the -Court, in opposition to the High Churchmen, which was another -distinction of a party from the Low Churchmen. The Parliament chose one -Mr. Smith, Speaker. There had never been so great an assembly of members -on the first day of sitting, being more than 450. The votes both of the -old, as well as the new, fell to those called Low Churchmen, contrary to -all expectation. - -31st October, 1705. I am this day arrived to the 85th year of my age. -Lord teach me so to number my days to come, that I may apply them to -wisdom! - -1st January, 1705-06. Making up my accounts for the past year, paid -bills, wages, and New Year's gifts, according to custom. Though much -indisposed and in so advanced a stage, I went to our chapel [in London] -to give God public thanks, beseeching Almighty God to assist me and my -family the ensuing year, if he should yet continue my pilgrimage here, -and bring me at last to a better life with him in his heavenly kingdom. -Divers of our friends and relations dined with us this day. - -27th January, 1706. My indisposition increasing, I was exceedingly ill -this whole week. - -3d February, 1706. Notes of the sermons at the chapel in the morning and -afternoon, written with his own hand, conclude this Diary.[98] - - [Footnote 98: Mr. Evelyn died on the 27th of this month.] - - -END OF THE DIARY. - - - - - * * * * * * - - - - -Transcriber's note: - -Footnotes have been moved below the paragraph to which they relate. - -Inconsistencies have been retained in spelling, hyphenation, formatting, -punctuation, and grammar, except where indicated in the list below: - - - "dilligent" changed to "diligent" on Page 1 - - "suprising" changed to "surprising" on Page 2 - - Period added after "1665" on Page 5 - - Period added after "ought!)" on Page 12 - - Semicolon changed to a period added after "1666" on - Page 13 - - Period added after "etc" on Page 26 - - "Luke, xix," changed to "Luke xix." on Page 26 - - Quote added after "Writings," in Footnote 9 - - "day's" changed to "days" in Footnote 10 - - "Fore-land" changed to "Foreland" on Page 34 - - Comma added after "August" on Page 36 - - Period changed to a comma after "received" on Page 40 - - Comma changed to a period after "1667" on Page 41 - - Comma added after "April" on Page 41 - - Period added after "years" on Page 45 - - Period changed to a comma after "September" on - Page 51 - - Period added after "1671" on Page 68 - - "rarites" changed to "rarities" on Page 72 - - Comma changed to a period added after "fowl" on - Page 73 - - Period added after "April" on Page 79 - - Period added after "home" on Page 83 - - Period added after "me" on Page 83 - - Period added after "1672" on Page 86 - - Comma removed after "Psalm" on Page 87 - - Period added after "design" on Page 89 - - Period added after "go-by" on Page 91 - - Closed paren changed to a comma after "Burnet" - on Page 98 - - "eloqence" changed to "eloquence" on Page 98 - - Comma removed after "Luke" on Page 102 - - Period added after "Dr" on Page 104 - - Period changed to a comma after "him" on Page 104 - - Period added after "1675" on Page 105 - - Period added after "London" on Page 106 - - "gentelman" changed to "gentleman" on Page 107 - - Comma added after "November" on Page 108 - - Comma added after "December" on Page 108 - - Period added after "xx" on Page 109 - - Comma removed after "Isaiah" on Page 109 - - Period added after "Mr" on Page 110 - - Period added after "manner" on Page 110 - - Period added after "chargeable" on Page 111 - - "Duke s" changed to "Duke's" on Page 111 - - Period added after "Mr" on Page 111 - - Period added after "large" on Page 119 - - Period added after "Queen" on Page 120 - - "Brounker" changed to "Brouncker" on Page 121 - - "exemplaily" changed to "exemplarily" on Page 124 - - Comma removed after "Europeans" on Page 147 - - Comma added after "Mingrelia" on Page 147 - - "day s" changed to "day's" on Page 154 - - Period added after "them" on Page 157 - - "at at" changed to "at" on Page 163 - - Period added after "Mr" on Page 166 - - "Archibishop s" changed to "Archibishop's" on - Page 168 - - Period added after "lute" on Page 195 - - Period added after "II" on Page 208 - - Comma changed to a period added after "1685" on - Page 212 - - Period added after "solemn" on Page 212 - - "ingenius" changed to "ingenious" on Page 214 - - "familar" changed to "familiar" on Page 214 - - Period added after "spirits" on Page 216 - - Period added after "family" on Page 216 - - Period removed after "Sir" on Page 220 - - Period added after "worship" on Pago 224 - - "pro ceeded" changed to "proceeded" on Page 229 - - Period added after "end" on Page 229 - - Semicolon changed to colon after "note" in - Footnote 61 - - Quote added after "but, says he," on page 234 - - Comma added after "February" on Page 248 - - "etc," changed to "etc." on Page 256 - - "minatures" changed to "miniatures" on Page 258 - - "minatured" changed to "miniatured" on Page 258 - - Period added after "St" on Page 262 - - Period added after "Mr" on Page 262 - - "Martin s" changed to "Martin's" on Page 262 - - Period added after "ended" on Page 263 - - Period added after "1687" on Page 263 - - "mal-administration" changed to "maladministration" - on Page 294 - - "Guatavus" changed to "Gustavus" on Page 295 - - Period added after "St" on Page 300 - - Comma added after "February" on Page 300 - - Period added after "£40,000" on Page 307 - - Period added after "season" on Page 307 - - Period added after "Bishop" on Page 307 - - Period added after "frost" on Page 307 - - Period added after "Tower" on Page 307 - - Period added after "years" on Page 308 - - Comma added after "July" on Page 311 - - Comma changed to a period added after "1693" on - Page 321 - - Period added after "Mr" on Page 337 - - "proemunire" changed to "prĉmunire" on Page 337 - - Period added after "1699" on Page 348 - - Period added after "Mr" on Page 355 - - "Norfold" changed to "Norfolk" on Page 356 - - - -***END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE DIARY OF JOHN EVELYN, VOLUME II -(OF 2)*** - - -******* This file should be named 42081-8.txt or 42081-8.zip ******* - - -This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: -http://www.gutenberg.org/dirs/4/2/0/8/42081 - 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