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diff --git a/42039.txt b/42039.txt deleted file mode 100644 index 2ff2bc3..0000000 --- a/42039.txt +++ /dev/null @@ -1,3409 +0,0 @@ -Project Gutenberg's Notes and Queries, Number 137, June 12, 1852, by Various - -This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with -almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or -re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included -with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org - - -Title: Notes and Queries, Number 137, June 12, 1852 - A Medium of Inter-communication for Literary Men, Artists, - Antiquaries, Genealogists, etc - -Author: Various - -Release Date: February 7, 2013 [EBook #42039] - -Language: English - -Character set encoding: ASCII - -*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES AND QUERIES, JUNE 12, 1852 *** - - - - -Produced by Charlene Taylor, Jonathan Ingram, Keith Edkins -and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at -http://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images -generously made available by The Internet Archive/Canadian -Libraries) - - - - - -{553} - -NOTES AND QUERIES: - -A MEDIUM OF INTER-COMMUNICATION FOR LITERARY MEN, ARTISTS, ANTIQUARIES, -GENEALOGISTS, ETC. - -"When found, make a note of."--CAPTAIN CUTTLE. - - * * * * * - - -Vol. V.--No. 137.] -SATURDAY, JUNE 12. 1852 -[Price Fourpence. Stamped Edition 5d. - - * * * * * - - -CONTENTS. - - NOTES:-- Page - John Goodwin's Six Booksellers' Proctor nonsuited, by - James Crossley 553 - - Mr. Collier's Folio Shakspeare: A Passage in "As You Like - It," by Samuel Hickson 554 - - Notes on Books, No. III.--Laurence Humphrey, President of - Magdalen College, Oxford, and Dean of Winchester, by - S. W. Singer 554 - - Scoto-Gallicisms 555 - - On a Passage in "Cymbeline," Act IV. Sc. 2., by - S. W. Singer 556 - - Old Concert Bill, by Dr. E. F. Rimbault 556 - - Minor Notes:--Note for Mr. Worsaae--Singular Epitaph- - -Largesse--Brogue and Fetch--Taibhse--Derivation of - "Caul"--"Pandecte," an entire Copy of the Bible 557 - - QUERIES:-- - - Boy Bishop at Eton 557 - - "Speculum Christianorum multa bona continens," - W. Sparrow Simpson 558 - - Massacre of the Welsh Bards 558 - - Minor Queries:--Portrait of William Combe--"Quod non - fecerunt barbari," &c.--Lines on English History-- - Windows--Angel-beast; Cleek; Longtriloo--Royal Arms in - Churches--"Cease, rude Boreas"--Pictorial Proverbs-- - Inscription on George Inn, Wansted--Learned Man - referred to by Rogers--Mormonism and Spalding's - Romance--Carrs or Calves--Stoup--Casper Ziegler and - the Diaconate--Inscription at Persepolis--"I do not - know what the truth may be"--Twittens--Clapper Gate-- - Jemmy--Muffs worn by Gentlemen 558 - - REPLIES:-- - - St. Patrick, by D. Rock, &c. 561 - - Nashe's "Terrors of the Night" 562 - - Serjeant's Rings 563 - - The Old Countess of Desmond 564 - - A few Things about Richard Baxter, by Cuthbert Bede 565 - - St. Botulph 566 - - Sir Richard Pole, the Father of Cardinal Pole 567 - - Proclamations to prohibit the Use of Coal, by F. Somner - Merryweather 568 - - Ralph Winterton 569 - - Replies to Minor Queries:--Family of Bullen--Wallington's - Journal--The Amber Witch--Twyford--The Ring Finger-- - Brass of Lady Gore--Gospel Trees--"Who from the dark - and doubtful love to run"--Son of the Conqueror; Walter - Tyrrel--Sir Gilbert Gerrard--Fides Carbonarii--Line on - Franklin--Meaning of Royd as an Addition to Yorkshire - Names--Binnacle--Plague Stones--Ramasshed--Yankee - Doodle--"Chords that vibrate," &c.--Derivation of - Martinique--Anthony Babington, &c. 569 - - MISCELLANEOUS:-- - - Notes on Books, &c. 574 - - Books and Odd Volumes wanted 575 - - Notices to Correspondents 575 - - Advertisements 575 - - * * * * * - - -Notes. - -JOHN GOODWIN'S SIX BOOKSELLERS' PROCTOR NONSUITED. - -The London booksellers of the present day (good harmless men!) are -satisfied with endeavouring to put down heresies as to discounts. Their -predecessors, in the year 1655, set to work in good earnest, associated to -purify the faith by denouncing in an Index expurgatorius, under the -alarming titles of _A Beacon set on Fire_, and _A Second Beacon set on -Fire_, all publications of a blasphemous, heretical, or improper kind. Six -booksellers, viz. Luke Fawne, Samuel Gellibrand, Joshua Kirton, John -Rothwell, Thomas Underhill, and Nathaniel Webb, took the lead on the -occasion; and the battle waxed hot and fierce between them and the -apologists of the books condemned. Amongst the latter was the famous John -Goodwin, whose part in the controversy Mr. Jackson, in his elaborate Life -of him, has adverted to, and has noticed his pamphlet entitled _The High -Presbyterian Spirit_, written in answer to the _Second Beacon Fired_. John -Goodwin, however, published a second pamphlet in the same controversy, -neither noticed by Mr. Jackson, nor any one else that I am aware of, in -which he finishes up his first charge upon the unfortunate booksellers, and -lays on them with a vigour and determination that it does one good to see -so well bestowed, scattering their arguments and quotations to the winds, -and sending them back to their proper occupation of printing and -publishing, instead of clipping and suppressing. The title of this very -rare pamphlet, which is to be found in vol. xviii. of a collection of -tracts (between 1640 and 1660) in ninety-six vols. 4to., made by President -Bradshaw, and containing many of his MS. notes and observations now in my -possession, is as follows: - - "Six Booksellers' Proctor Nonsuited, wherein the gross Falsifications - and Untruths, together with the inconsiderate and weak Passages found - in the Apologie for the said Booksellers, are briefly noted and - evicted. And the said Booksellers proved so unworthy both in their - Second Beacon Fired, and likewise in their Epistle written in Defence - of it, that they are out of the Protection of any Christian or - reasonable Apologie for either. By J. G., a Minister of the Gospel of - {554} Jesus Christ. London printed for H. Cripps and L. Lloyd, 1655, - 4to., pages 23." - -I might give an extract or two from this very interesting tract, but do not -wish to trespass too much upon your space. Perhaps, next to Milton, there -is no writer of the time of the Commonwealth equal to John Goodwin, in -power and elevation of composition; and I am glad therefore to be able to -add one more to the series of his pamphlets which his biographer has with -so much industry and research enumerated at the close of the Life. - -JAS. CROSSLEY. - - * * * * * - -MR. COLLIER'S FOLIO SHAKSPEARE: A PASSAGE IN "AS YOU LIKE IT." - -It appears to me so obvious that the degree of authority to be conceded to -each particular correction or emendation in Mr. Collier's folio Shakspeare -must depend in a great measure on the general character of the proposed -alterations throughout the work, that I cannot help thinking it would be -desirable to reserve all controversy on such points until after the -appearance of the promised volume. Such a resolution I made for myself, and -to it I shall religiously adhere. This much only I shall say, that, of the -specimens given by Mr. Collier in the _Athenaeum_,--sufficient at once to -excite interest and to gratify curiosity,--some of the corrections appear -to be of that nature that no conjecture could have supplied, while all are -good enough to command a deferential consideration. - -Your correspondent A. E. B. has attempted a defence of the original reading -of two passages amended in Mr. Collier's folio. For the reason above given -I shall neither answer your correspondent, nor even say whether I think him -right or wrong; but it will not be overstepping the bounds I have -prescribed myself, if I take up a collateral point he has raised in -reference to one of these passages. To strengthen the case for the reading -of the passage in _Cymbeline_, Act III. Sc. 4., "Whose mother was her -painting," he cites a passage from _As You Like It_, Act III. Sc. 5., in -which he says, "_mother_ is directly used as a sort of warranty of female -beauty!" Here is the passage: - - "Who might be your mother, - That you insult, exult, and all at once, - Over the wretched?" - -Shakspeare was, if I am not mistaken, one of those persons to whom a -_mother_ was, as some one expresses it, "the holiest thing alive." He -concentrates this sentiment in the words of Troilus (_Troilus and -Cressida_, Act V. Sc. 2.): - - "Let it not be believ'd for womanhood: - Think we had mothers." - -And again, in those of Palamon (which I have no doubt are Shakspeare's) in -the _Two Noble Kinsmen_, Act V. Sc. 1.: - - "I have been harsh - To large confessors, and have hotly ask'd them - If they had mothers? I had one, a woman, - And women t'were they wrong'd." - -Now it seems to me that the same feeling is implied in Rosalind's reproof -to Phebe; and that there is no ground whatever for saying that _mother_ is -used as a warranty for _female beauty_, but rather as one for feminine -qualities. Rosalind in effect says, "who might your mother be that you -should be so unfeeling?" And, as she tells her plainly she sees no beauty -in her, it is clearly to be inferred that it must have been for some other -quality that her mother was to be "warranty." Rosalind, in other words, -might have said, "Had you a mother, a woman, that you can so discredit the -character of womanhood as to exult, insult and all at once, over the -wretched?" - -It might however be contended, that Rosalind's question referred to the -rank, condition, or personal appearance of the mother. The latter only -bears upon this question; and with regard to that it may be said, that if -beauty had been transmitted to the daughter (independently of the -questioner having decided _that_ it had not), the question was not needed. -Rosalind, in short, seeks for a better cause for Phebe's pride or want of -feeling than her own insufficient attractions, in the nature or quality of -her mother. It will be observed that, in this view, I have conceded that -_who_ may be taken with something of the signification of _what_; but the -answer to the question, taken strictly, must be the name of some individual -who might be known to the Querist, and be in some measure a warranty for -the disposition of the daughter, though for no personal beauty but her own. - -SAMUEL HICKSON. - - * * * * * - -NOTES ON BOOKS, NO. III.--LAURENCE HUMPHREY, PRESIDENT OF MAGDALEN COLLEGE, -OXFORD, AND DEAN OF WINCHESTER. - -In the year 1558 a handsome volume was printed at Basle, in folio in Greek, -by Jerome Frobenius and Nicholas Episcopius, with the following title: - - "[Greek: KERAS AMALTHEIAS, E OKEANOS. TON EXEGESEON OMERIKON, ek ton - tou Eustatheiou parekbolon sunermosmenon]--_i.e._ Copiae Cornu sive - Oceanus Enarrationum Homericarum, ex Eustathii in eundem commentariis - concinnatarum, Hadriano Junio autore." - -To an Oxford man, independent of its merit as a compendium of the prolix -comment of Eustathius, this volume should be especially interesting, on -account of the prefatory dissertation "Ad {555} Magdalinenses," entitled -_De Graecis Literis et Homeri Lectione et Imitatione_, by Laurence -Humphrey. This worthy was sometime Greek reader in the university, but went -abroad on account of religion at the accession of Queen Mary, and did not -return until happier times after her death. He seems to have been living at -Basle with Frobenius and Episcopius _in honestissimo loco_, but he could -not avoid often thinking of his native land,--of Newport-Pagnell in Bucks, -where he was born,--of Cambridge, where he received the rudiments of Latin -and Greek,--but more especially of Oxford, where he completed his -education. His feeling panegyric of his Alma Mater, shows him to have been -at least one of her grateful sons. The dissertation is highly creditable to -him, considering the period at which it was written; and the passage in -which he gives an account of the work is not devoid of interest. - - "For the rest we give not Homer alone, but the Expositor Eustathius is - subjoined. Yet not entire but reduced into a compendium by a man of - untiring labour and noble learning--Hadrian Junius, not unknown to - you,--for he lived some time in England, dedicated his Greek Lexicon to - our royal Edward the Sixth, and has since published the _Annals of - Queen Mary_, his _Animadversiones_, and _Centuries Adagiorum_, which - issued from the press of Frobenius: he also effected this good work. - Therefore although I had rather have the whole of Eustathius than the - half, and to say the truth Epitomies never pleased me, yet because this - author is prolix, and difficult to meet with, this perfect compendium - of such an estimable work (which seems to me to be the best - interpreter, poetical-elucidator, Greek lexicon, and onomasticon), will - be useful to any one. I recommend, then, our Eustathio-Junian Homer to - you." - -In 1560 Laurence Humphrey seems to have been still at Basle; for in that -year he printed at the press of Oporinus, in 12mo., a work which he -dedicates to Queen Elizabeth, entitled _Optimates, sive de Nobilitate, -ejusque Antiqua Origine, Natura, Officiis, disciplina, et recta Christiana -Institutione_; at the end of which he printed the argument of -Philo-Judaeus, [Greek: peri eugeneias], with a Latin version. This found -favour in the eyes of an English translator, and it was printed at London -by Thomas Marshe in 1563, 16mo., under the following title:-- - - "The Nobles, or of Nobilitye. The original, duties, ryght, and - Christian Institucion thereof, in three Bookes. Fyrste eloquentlye - written in Latine by Laurence Humphrey, D. of Divinity and Presidente - of Magdaleine College in Oxforde, lately Englished. Whereto, for the - reader's commoditye and matters affinitye, is coupled the small - treatyse of Philo a Jewe. By the same Author out of Greek Latined, now - also Englished." - -Antony a Wood gives a list of the writings of Laurence Humphrey, among -which is a life of Bishop Jewell in Latin: he also speaks highly of his -scholarship and proficiency in theology. After his return from abroad he -became Regius Professor of Divinity at Oxford, and President of his -college. In 1570 he was made Dean of Gloucester, and ten years afterward -Dean of Winchester. His divinity was strongly tinctured with Calvinism, but -he was a zealous and able defender of the Reformation. His death occurred -in 1589-90. - -S. W. SINGER. - - * * * * * - -SCOTO-GALLICISMS. - -The following list of Scottish words derived from the French language is -chiefly taken from the pages of the _Scottish Journal_, a small weekly -periodical, published at Edinburgh, which came to a conclusion, after -rather less than a year's existence, in the summer of 1848. It is generally -supposed that most of these words were introduced during the time of Queen -Mary's minority, when French troops were sent to Scotland; but the first -appearance of some of them may unquestionably be referred to an earlier -period. Perhaps some of the readers of "N. & Q." may be able to communicate -other examples, which, however, as a reference to Jamieson's _Scottish -Dictionary_ will show, are by no means very numerous. - - _Aschet._ A large flat plate for meat. Fr. Assiette, a trencher plate. - - _Aumrie_ or _Almerie_. A cupboard; also, a place in churches and - monasteries where the sacred vessels and alms were deposited. - (_Dunbar._) Fr. Armoire, aumonerie. - - _Braw_ or _Bra'_. Fine, handsome, gaily dressed. (_Burns._) Fr. Brave. - - _Bonaillie._ A parting glass with a friend going a journey. - (_Wallace._) Fr. Bon allez. - - _Butterie Bejan_ (or _Bajan_). A term applied to a "freshman," or - student of the first year, at the Universities of St. Andrews and - Aberdeen. Fr. Butor, a booby or clod; and Bejaune, a novice. (Lamont's - _Diary_, p. 114., note.) - - _Certie_, _Certy--By my._ By my troth. Fr. Certes, certainly. - - _Cummer_ or _Kimmer_. A gossip. (_Kelly._) Fr. Commere. - - _Dour._ Hard or obstinate. (_Douglas._) Fr. Dur. - - _Fasheous._ Troublesome. (_Baillie._) Fr. Facheux, facheuse. - - _Flunkie._ A livery servant. Old Fr. Flanchier; same signification as - henchman (haunchman). (_Quart. Rev._, vol. lxxix. p. 344.) - - _Fracaw._ Noise or uproar. Fr. Fracas. - - _Gardevine_ or _Gurdyveen_. A large bottle, and sometimes a celleret, - for holding wine. Fr. Garde-vin. - - _Gardyloo._ A cry formerly raised by servants in Edinburgh, when they - threw dirty water, &c. from the windows after ten at night. - (_Smollett._) Fr. Garde de l'eau. - - _Goo._ A particular taste or savour. Fr. Gout. - - {556} _Grange._ A granary, &c. (used also in English). Fr. Grange. - - _Grosert_, _Groser_, or _Groset_. A gooseberry. (_Burns._) Fr. - Groseille. - - _Gud-brither._ Brother-in-law. Fr. Bon-frere. - - _Haveril._ A simpleton, or April-fool. (_Burns._) Fr. Avril. - - _Jalouse--To._ To suspect. (_Antiquary._) Fr. Jalouse. - - _Jigot._ The hip-joint of lamb or mutton (used also in English). Fr. - Gigot. - - _Jupe._ A woman's mantle or pelisse. Fr. Jupe, a long coat. - - _Kickshaws._ A made-up dish. Fr. Quelque chose. - - _Multiplepoinding._ An action in Scottish law, somewhat similar to the - English bill of interpleader in Chancery. Fr. Multiplie-poindre. - - _Multure_ or _Mouter_. The fee for grinding grain. (_Douglas._) Fr. - Mouture. - - _Onding._ A heavy fall of rain or snow. Fr. Ondee(?). - - _Petticoat tails._ A species of cake baked with butter, sometimes - called "short-bread." (_Bride of Lammermoor._) Fr. Petits gatelles - (more correctly, gateaux). - - _Ruckle_ or _Rickle_. A heap or collection. Fr. Recueil. - - _Servite_ or _Servet_. A table napkin. (_Spalding._) Fr. Serviette. - - _Verity--Chair of._ A pulpit. Fr. La chaire de verite. (Croker's - _Boswell's Johnson_, p. 513.) - - _Vizzie_, _Vizy_, or _Visie_. A scrutinising view, aim, or sight at the - muzzle of a gun. (_Bride of Lammermoor._) Fr. Visee, aim. - - _Wallees_ or _Valises_. Saddlebags. (_Godscroft._) Fr. Valise, a - portmanteau. - -E. N. - - * * * * * - -ON A PASSAGE IN "CYMBELINE," ACT IV. SC. 2. - -It is so usual with Malone and some other commentators on Shakspeare to -impute the errors of the printer to the poet, that we often find the most -glaring instances of false grammar, and anomalies of construction, laid to -his charge, and defended as the practice of the time; and as his own -practice! - -The following passage is an instance in point: - - "_Gui._ Why, he but sleeps; - If he be gone, he'll make his grave a bed; - With female fairies will his tomb be haunted, - And worms will not come to thee." - -Steevens with reason says: - - "This change from the second person to the third is so violent, that I - cannot help imputing it to the players, transcribers, or printers." - -He proposed to read _him_ for _thee_. Malone of course defends the -absurdity. We may, however, be assured that it is not attributable to the -poet. Whoever reads the passage with attention will perceive that the -allusion in the last line is not to Fidele, but to the fairies haunting his -tomb. It should be remembered that it was held that no noxious creatures -would be found where fairies resort. - -The compositor, as in other cases, mistook the word, probably written -"th[=e]," and printed "thee" for "them." - -Your correspondent MR. HALLIWELL having noticed my approval of the -emendation of a passage in _Coriolanus_, found in MR. COLLIER's copy of the -second folio, where "bosom multiplied" is happily corrected to "bissom -multitude," perhaps I may be permitted to say that I cannot subscribe to -his opinion, that "it is one of those alterations which no conjectural -ingenuity could have suggested." To me it appears that the steps are -obvious by which any intelligent reader of the poet might be led to make -the correction. The word which was mistaken by the printer for "bosome" -occurs in a previous scene of the play, where it is "beesome" in the -folios; and a recollection of this would naturally lead to the conjectured -emendation. Indeed the word appears to have been not unfrequently written -"beasom," as we find it in Huloet's _Dictionary_. The word "multitude" -would suggest itself to any attentive reader of the play, from its repeated -occurrence in the 3rd Scene of Act II.: and we must always suppose the -writer to have been intent upon correcting errata. The correction of -"infuite comming" to "infinite cunning," in _Measure for Measure_, is, in -my mind, an instance quite equal in "conjectural ingenuity;" and we know -that we owe it to that of the late Mr. Sidney Walker. - -I must candidly confess that the specimens of the corrections given by MR. -COLLIER in his first two communications to the _Athenaeum_ gave me the same -dissatisfaction and apprehension that MR. HALLIWELL appears to have -entertained; but I do not draw the same inference that gentleman seems to -do, from the occurrence of this one truly happy conjectural emendation. It -is, however, sufficient to convey a favourable notion of the acuteness of -the writer of the emendatory notes, and nothing more. - -S. W. SINGER - - * * * * * - -OLD CONCERT BILL. - -The following curious bill (the original of which is in my possession) of a -benefit concert given by Signor Carbonelli, at Drury Lane Theatre, in 1722, -will enable us to form some opinion of the musical taste prevailing in -London in the first quarter of the eighteenth century: - - "DRURY LANE THEATRE. - _May 4._ - SIGNOR CARBONELLI'S CONCERT. - ACT I. - _A New Concerto_ for Two Trumpets, composed and - performed by Grano and others. - _A New Concerto_, by Albinoni, just brought over. - _Song_, Mrs. Barbier. - _Concerto_, composed by Signor Carbonelli. - {557} - - ACT II. - _A Concerto_, with Two Hautbois and Two Flutes, - composed by Dieupart. - _A Concerto_ on the Base Violin, by Pippo. - _Song_, Mrs. Barbier. - By desire, the _Eighth Concerto_ of Arcangelo Corelli. - - ACT III. - _Concerto_, by Carbonelli. - _Solo_ on the Arch-lute, by Signor Vebar. - _Song_, Mrs. Barbier. - _New Concerto_ on the Little Flute, composed by - Woodcock, and performed by Baston. - _Solo_, Signor Carbonelli. - _Finale._ _Concerto_ on Two Trumpets, by Grano and - others." - -I should mention, that Signor Carbonelli was a celebrated violin player, -and a favourite pupil of Corelli. He was brought over to this country by -his patron, the first Duke of Rutland. - -EDWARD F. RIMBAULT. - - * * * * * - - -Minor Notes. - -_Note for Mr. Worsaae._--At page 204. of _The Danes in England_, Mr. W. -says: - - "Towards Glasgow and Edinburgh the mountains are no longer called - 'fell' and 'rigg.'" - -The _Campsie Fells_, a fine range of hills within nine miles of Glasgow, -are an exception. These hills are never spoken of by the natives of the -strath except by the name of "fells" and the singularity of the name has -often been remarked to the writer of this note, especially by visitors to -the valley. Before being much acquainted with the deeds of the Vikings -(except in the _general_), he had come to the conclusion that the name -_must_ be Danish, from its similarity to "Fjeld," with which, in connexion -with "Fiords," he had become familiar at a very early period. - -BRUNO. - -_Singular Epitaph._--The following epitaph occurs in Braunston churchyard, -Northamptonshire: - - "To the Memory of WILLIAM BORROWS, Died 1703. - - "'Tis true I led a single life, - And Nare was married in my life, - For of that Seck (_sic_) I nare had none: - It is the Lord; his will be done." - -CRANMORE. - -_Largesse._--I heard this old word used the other day in Northamptonshire, -by a servant who was leaving his employer, and who called upon one of his -master's tradesmen to ask him for _largisse_, as he termed it. Certainly -the peasants have preserved and handed down to the present time a vast -number of old words, customs, and legends. It proves how much they owe to -oral tuition. - -A. B. - -_Brogue and Fetch._--There are a certain set of words which have become -naturalised in English, by those who speak it in Ireland; as, _amadan_, a -fool; _brogue_, a shoe (Ir. _brog_); _palaver_, fine speaking, soft talk -(Ir. _pi-labhradh_). These are all Irish words; but there are others which -are not English, and yet it is hard to make them out Irish. _Brogue_, -meaning a broad Irish accent, is an instance; _fetch_ is another: - - "In Ireland (says Mr. Banim) a _fetch_ is the supernatural _fac-simile_ - of some individual, which comes to assure to its original [or his - friend or relative] a happy longevity or immediate dissolution. If seen - in the morning, the one event is predicted; if in the evening, the - other." - -_Taibhse_ (pr. _thaivshe_) is the Irish word, and perhaps _fetch_ might be -derived from it by a sort of metathesis. - -EIRIONNACH. - -_Derivation of "Caul."_-- - - "Guianerius, cap. 36., _De Aegritud. Matr._, speaks of a silly, jealous - fellow, that, seeing his child new born, included in a _kell_ (meaning - a _caul_), thought sure a Franciscan, that used to come to his house, - was the father of it, it was so like the friar's _cowl_, and thereupon - threatened the friar to kill him!"--Burton's _Anatomy of Melancholy_, - part iii. sec. 3. - -By this may we judge that _caul_ and _cowl_ are cognate? _Coif_ (Martial.), -in Latin _Reticulum_; whence a lady's _reticule_. - -B. B. - -_"Pandecte," an entire Copy of the Bible._--Dr. Maitland, in his valuable -essays on the _Dark Ages_, has drawn attention to this use of the word -_Pandecte_, but was not at the time aware that it is so employed by any -writer before Alcuin (p. 194. n. 9. ed. 1844). It will be found, however, -in the following, extract from Bede's _Chronicon_ (in _Monument. Britan._, -p. 101. A). The historian is speaking of certain presents which his abbot, -Ceolfrith, was carrying with him on his pilgrimage to Rome, when death cut -it short at Langres: - - "Qui inter alia donaria quae adferre disposuerat, misit ecclesiae S. - Petri _pandectem_ a B. Hieronymo in Latinum ex Hebraeo vel Graeco fonte - translatum." - -C. H. - -St. Catharine's Hall, Cambridge. - - * * * * * - - -Queries. - -BOY BISHOP AT ETON. - -In Heywood's edition of the _Statutes of King's College, Cambridge, and -Eton College_ (Longman, 1850), a MS. is quoted under the title of -_Consuetudinarium vetus Scholae Etoniensis_ (sic), Harl. MSS. 7044, p. 167. -From a MS. in Corpus Christi College, Cambridge. - -It is a sort of _Fasti Etonenses_, recording in somewhat quaint terms the -old customs which were then traditionary in the school. In the month of -November, according to this authority, "in die {558} Sti Hugonis Pontificis -solebat Etonae fieri electio Episcopi Nihilensis, sed consuetudo -obsolevit." - -Again, in the statutes as given by Mr. Heywood, p. 560., it is provided -that on the Feast of St. Nicholas, but "nullatenus in festo Sanctorum -Innocentium," the Episcopus puerorum Scholarium, who was to be elected from -among the boys every year for the purpose, might celebrate all the divine -offices except the "missae secreta." - -Can you, or any of your correspondents, inform me-- - -1st. What is the date of the MS. in question, with any further particulars -of its history? - -2nd. What is "Pope St. Hugo's Day," and whether it was in any way connected -with the election of the boy bishop in other places as well as Eton? - -3rd. Whether any reason can be assigned why Holy Innocents Day, being that -on which the boy bishop was usually appointed, should have been expressly -excluded by the founder. - -L. C. B. - - * * * * * - -"P. SPECULUM CHRISTIANORUM MULTA BONA CONTINENS." - -I have a small black-letter tract which bears the above title: I am -desirous of learning the author's name, and that of the printer, together -with the date and place of its production. It extends from signature A 1 to -G 8, and ends abruptly on the verso of G 8 without any colophon. On the -verso of the title page is a small woodcut representing the Holy Dove -hovering over the Virgin, who is surrounded by nine kneeling figures, all -under a depressed arch, supported by two pillars whose shafts have a kind -of chevron ornament worked on them, somewhat similar to the pillars of the -crypt of Canterbury Cathedral. Perhaps if I give the title-page of this -curious little tract in extenso, it will be more easily identified: - - "P. Speculum Christianorum multa bona continens. Primo modo. - P. De preceptis dei - P. De septem vitiis captalibus - P. De septem virtutibus his contrariis - P. De octo tabulis: c[=u] quibusd[=a] o[=r]onib' deuotissimis - P. De modo se prepar[=a]di ad sacram[=e]tum eucharistie - P. De effectu sacramenti - P. De antichristo - P. Expositio o[=r]onis d[=u]ice: cum quod[=a] bona notabili - P. De Ramis. vii. vicior[=u] capitali[=u]: et eorum remediis - P. De contentu mundi: cum aliis notabilibus." - -It should be noted that this table of contents is by no means a fair -representative of the subjects on which the pamphlet treats. On the verso -of page E iii. is the following curious passage:-- - - "P. Peccata britonum et causa depositionis eorum. Negligentia - prelatorum | rapina potent[=u] | cupiditas indic[=u] | rabies - periuriorum | inordinatus cultus vestimentorum: detestanda luxuria | - omne pet[=m] publicum & notorium clamat vindict[=a] ad deum. Sed - precipue quattuor: merces mercenarii, pct[=m] sodomiticum, homicidium, - oppressio innocenti[=u]. Heu heu heu quot clamores vindicte sunt nunc - ante deum." - -This passage is introduced without any farther connexion with the subjects -under discussion, than the mere heading of the section gives it. Permit me -to trouble you with one more extract, before I leave my Query in the hands -of your readers: - - "P. De duabus scalis: una dirigente ad celum: et altera ad infernum. - - P. Scala ad celum P. Scala ad infernum - Perseverantia bona Desperatio - Patientia in adversis Obstinentia in peccatis - Obedi[=e]tia in preceptis Furor in adversis - Patientia in vita Iniusticia facti - C[=o]tritio et c[=o]fessi pet[=i] Odi[=u] boni et dilectio pet[=i] - Cognito tui Ignorantia - Caritas Mal[=i]cia." - -On the recto of C vj. - -Any information which some of your bibliographical correspondents may give -concerning this little work, will be very acceptable. - -W. SPARROW SIMPSON, B.A. - - * * * * * - -MASSACRE OF THE WELSH BARDS. - -Barrington, in his _Observations upon the Statutes_, raises some historic -doubts whether that massacre of the Welsh bards, upon which Gray founded -his magnificent ode, actually occurred:-- - - "But", he says, "a manuscript history, written by Sir John Wynne of - Gwydir, authorises the supposed tradition of a massacre of the bards; - nor could the writer of that most admirable ode have made his bard so - warmly express, or his reader feel, the tyranny of Edward, if he had - not probably raised an indignation and fire in his own breast, and by - reading of other materials, which _I have not happened to meet with_." - -Has the question of this real or pretended massacre been raised, or proved -beyond doubt? - -As to Gray requiring "materials" for his fancy, poets even of inferior -genius contrive to weave a web out of airy nothings, and the liveliest -description by an old Cymric bard of the slaughters of the thirteenth -century, will not carry conviction of the truth of the narrative in the -nineteenth. - -H. T. H. - - * * * * * - - -Minor Queries. - -_Portrait of William Combe._--Lonsdale the portrait painter, in a letter -dated January, 1826, addressed to a friend of Combe whilst living, says: - - "I shall be much obliged if you will have the goodness to cause my - picture of the late Mr. Combe to be sent to me. Mr. C. borrowed the - picture of me to show to some friend, and kept it till his death." - -{559} - -Can any of the readers of "N. & Q." inform me in whose possession the -portrait now is, and whether any engraving of Combe's portrait from that or -any other picture is now to be obtained? - -E. T. - -_"Quod non fecerunt barbari," &c._--Who is the author of the epigram-- - - "Quod non fecerunt barbari, fecerunt Barbarini," - -which commemorates the destruction of the Coliseum at Rome, both by the -barbarians who overran Italy about the middle of the fifth century, and, at -a later period, by certain Popes of the family of the Barberini? - -HENRY H. BREEN. - -St. Lucia. - -_Lines on English History_ (Vol. iii., p. 168.; Vol. v., p. 405.).--I shall -be extremely obliged to MR. EDWARD CHARLTON to procure me, if he can, a -copy of the above lines, and forward them, through Mr. Bell, to - -AN ENGLISH MOTHER. - - [We should also be most glad to receive from any correspondent who can - supply it, the _Metrical and Logical History_, asked for by our - lamented correspondent MAERIS, which commences-- - - "William and William, and Henry and Stephen, - And Henry the Second to make the First even." - ED.] - -_Windows._--It has been said that the dates of many houses may be -ascertained by a comparison of the regulations of the window-tax with the -windows. The tax occasioned a marked change of style by diminishing the -number of windows. Then ingenuity was exerted to effect evasions by bays, -bows, and double or treble windows. These again were successively met by -alterations in the law. Could any one be induced to let in some light upon -the subject by examining the acts of parliament, and illustrating the -result by reference to examples in London houses? - -C. T. - -_Angel-beast; Cleek; Longtriloo._--Can you, or any of your readers, inform -me what was the nature of the game at cards called _Angel-beast_, which was -in vogue in the seventeenth century? Also, the game of _Cleek_; can it be a -misprint of "Check?" Also, _Longtriloo_; is this an abbreviation of "Long -three card loo?" - -R. B. - -_Royal Arms in Churches._--What is the origin of the common practice of -putting up the royal arms in churches? - -E. M. - -Oxford. - -"_Cease, rude Boreas._"--Can any of your correspondents tell me why the -song, "Cease, rude Boreas," has been occasionally attributed to Falconer. I -remember seeing this song appended to an old edition of the _Shipwreck_, -with a prefatory remark stating that G. A. Stevens _could_ not have written -it, as the moral of the verses was of too high an order for him. -Occasionally the last stanza is omitted, on account of the sentiment being -somewhat questionable; though it cannot be denied that the feelings there -expressed are exactly those of a sailor. In a few copies another stanza of -a very different tendency is inserted in its place; and at times I have -seen the commencement of the third stanza altered thus: - - "Now all you at home in safety, - Shelter'd from the howling storm, - Tasting joys by heaven vouchsaf'd ye, - Of our state vain notions form." - -I should wish to obtain some information regarding the authors of these -alterations, and when they first took place. - -[Greek: Boreas]. - -_Pictorial Proverbs._--I have now lying open before me a small 12mo. book -(binding modern) containing sixty-seven old prints (averaging in size 5-3/4 -by 3-3/4 inch), but wanting a title-page. The subjects appear to be in the -shape of pictorial proverbs; they are evidently very old, the distich -before each plate is in Latin, which is again written in old German. The -views in each background are places generally in Germany, and the names are -written on the plate itself. In _one only_ plate I discover the name "M. -Merian, fe" (Qy. Matts. Merian, or his daughter, of Frankfort?); and in -some few others the following mark, "[ST]." All the plates _seem_ done by -the same person. - -If you can enlighten me as to the authorship of them, I shall feel much -obliged. - -H. S. S. - -_Inscription on George Inn, Wansted._--Will you kindly give me information -respecting the origin of the following inscription, which is affixed to the -side of the George Inn at Wansted?-- - - "In memory of y^e cherry pey, - As cost half a guiney. - y^e 17 of July, - That day we had good cheer, - I hope to see it maney a year. - 1752. DAVID JERSEY." - -W. H. B. - -_Learned Man referred to by Rogers._--Rogers, in his work on the -Thirty-nine Articles, published 1607, writes as follows:-- - - "A certain learned man (speaking of the religion here then professed, - and writing unto the lords of our late queen's council) doth say 'He' - (meaning the papist his adversary, who charged our church with discord, - and disagreements about matters of religion), 'he ought' (saith he) 'if - he had been able, to have brought out the public confession and - articles of faith, agreed in K. Edward's time; and have showed any in - England, that, professing the gospel, dissenteth from the same.'" - -I shall be much obliged to any of the readers of "N. & Q." who can inform -me who was this "certain learned man." - -C. C. C. C. - -Corp. Chr. Coll., Camb. - -{560} - -_Mormonism and Spalding's Romance._--The extraordinary spread of Mormonism -seems to stamp it as likely to prove a kind of second Mahometanism in the -world's history. Under these circumstances the origin of the _Book of -Mormon_ is of course a literary curiosity. In a clever pamphlet entitled -_Mormonism Exposed_, by John Bowes (E. Ward, 54. Paternoster Row, London), -at pp. 30, 31. an account of the history of the book of Mormon is given. -Mr. Bowes quotes from _Mormonism Unveiled_, by E. D. Hoare, to the effect -that a Mr. "John Spalding" affirms that his (now deceased) brother "Solomon -Spalding" had written "_an historical romance_ of the first settlers in -America, endeavoring to show that the American Indians are the descendants -of Jews, or the lost tribes. It gave a detailed account of their journey -from Jerusalem, by land and sea, till they arrived in America, under the -command of NEPHI and LEHI; he also mentions the Lamanites." Mr. J. -Spalding, it is said, on reading the _Book of Mormon_, "to his great -surprise," found "nearly the same historical matter, names, &c., as they -were in his brother's writings;" and further says "according to the best of -my recollection and belief, it is the same as my brother Solomon wrote, -with the exception of the religious matter." The latter is obviously taken -from the Bible, with alterations and additions _ad libitum_. - -Can any of your readers tell whether this romance of Solomon Spalding's was -ever published; or whether it is still in existence, and accessible for -reference, &c.? - -C. H. D. - -_Carrs or Calves._--In 1 Esdras v. 55. there occurs the word _carrs_. This -is found in all copies of the Bible to which I have access, except one -edited in the last century by a Mr. Butley, of Ch. Ch. Oxon, where _calves_ -is read, and a note given from Josephus apparently in support of it. I -should be glad to know whether there is any authority in the original for -this alteration. - -ERYX. - -_Stoup._--There is a holy-water stoup, in good preservation, on the -_exterior_ of the north wall (by the nave door) of the church of -Houghton-le-Spring, Durham. What other examples are there of _exterior_ -stoups? Their usual situation was _within_ either the porch or the church. - -CUTHBERT BEDE. - -_Casper Ziegler and the Diaconate._--There is a book in Latin with the -following title:--_Casparis Ziegleri de Diaconis et Diaconissis Veteris -Ecclesiae Liber Commentarius._ Wittebergae: Sumptibus Haeredum Jobi -Wilhelmi Fingelii. Anno 1678. - -What copies of this book are known to be extant? Would a translation of the -whole, or selected parts, be useful at the present time, when attention is -being called to the subject? - -What particulars are known about the life, religion, &c. of the author? At -the foot of the frontispiece are the following lines:-- - - "Omnis in hoc vultu vasti compendia juris, - Caesarii, sacri, Saxonicique vides. - Non Divae unius tam multum crede laborem, - Cujus vix umbram pingere possit homo." - -Can any one give me the meaning of the last two lines? or information as to -what other authors have treated on the subject of the Diaconate? - -W. H. - -_Inscription at Persepolis._--The following curious inscription I some -years ago made a note of by copying it, but neglected to mark whence I -obtained it. My extract stands thus-- - -_Arabic Inscription._ - - +----------+-----------+----------+------------+---------+--------------+ - | dicas | scis | dicit | scit | audit | expedit | - +----------+-----------+----------+------------+---------+--------------+ - | facias | potes | facit | potest | facit | credit | - +----------+-----------+----------+------------+---------+--------------+ - | credas | audis | credit | audit | credit | fieri potest | - +----------+-----------+----------+------------+---------+--------------+ - | expendas | habes | expendit | habet | petit | habet | - +----------+-----------+----------+------------+---------+--------------+ - | judices | vides | judicat | videt | judicat | est | - +----------+-----------+----------+------------+---------+--------------+ - | non | quodamque | nam qui | quodcunque | saepe | quod non | - +----------+-----------+----------+------------+---------+--------------+ - -It is said this was found by Captain Barth, engraven on marble, among the -ruins of Persepolis, and by him translated from the Arabic into Latin and -English. - -Query, What does it all mean? - -THOMAS LAWRENCE. - -Ashby-de-la-Zouch. - -"_I do not know what the truth may be._"--Will some one tell me whence the -lines-- - - "I do not know how the truth may be; - I tell the tale as told to me"? - -W. T. M. - -Hong Kong. - -_Twittens._--Are not the narrow passages in Brighton so called? and what is -the meaning? - -A. C. - -_Clapper Gate._--Steps, with a gate above, into Bushy Park are so called; -what is the meaning? - -A. C. - -_Jemmy._--When and why was sheep's head baptized with the name "Jemmy?" -Does it apply to the entire sheep, or to the head only? I have heard of a -"James's head" as a refinement of "Jemmy's head," which would make it seem -as though the sheep was the "Jemmy." - -SHIRLEY HIBBERD. - -_Muffs worn by Gentlemen._--Whilst looking over Hogarth's works, I observed -in two plates a {561} male figure wearing a muff; in the "Rake's Progress," -pl. 4., and in the "Woman Swearing a Child." How long, and within what -limits, did this fashion flourish? - -W. SPARROW SIMPSON, B.A. - - * * * * * - - -Replies. - -ST. PATRICK. - -(Vol. v., p. 520.) - -Allowing himself to be led astray by such an untruthful guide as Ledwich, -your correspondent E. M. R. thinks that "there seems to be very great doubt -if St. Patrick ever existed in reality." Had E. M. R. sought for, he might -have found evidences of Ireland's apostle's existence beginning with the -very lifetime itself of that saint. 1st. We have a short work from St. -Patrick's own pen, the _Confessio_, which the best critics have allowed to -be genuine: it commences thus: "Ego Patricius peccator," &c. 2nd. A very -old hymn, shown by Dr. O'Conor to have been written c. A.D. 540 (_Prol. in -Rer. Hib. Vet. Script._, p. lxxxix.), tells us that: "Patricius praedicabat -Scotis." (_Ib._, p. xciii.). 3rd. The Irish monk Adamnan, who died A.D. -704, that is, almost a half century before our Beda, in his _Life of St. -Columba_, says: "Quidam proselytus Brito homo sanctus, sancti Patricii -episcopi discipulus," &c. (_AA. SS. Junii_, t. ii. p. 197.). 4th. In the -library of C. C. College, Cambridge, there is a MS. of the seventh century, -containing the early Irish canons: "Synodus episcoporum id est Patricii, -Auxillii, Issernini" (Nasmith's _Cat. C. C. C. C._, p. 318.). 5th. The -Antiphonal, once belonging to the Irish Bangor, but now in the Ambrosian -Library, Milan, a MS. of the end of the seventh or beginning of the eighth -century, and published by Muratori, has a "hymnum Sancti Patricii magistri -Scotorum" (Muratori, _Anecd._, t. iv. p. 89.). 6th. Cummian, writing about -the Pascal question to the Abbot of Hy, A.D. 634, says: "Primum (cyclum) -illum quem sanctus Patricius Papa noster tulit," &c. (_Vet. Epist. -Hibernicarum Syl._, ed. Usserio, p. 21.). 7th. In the very old Litanies, -once used, as it seems, by some church among the Britons living in this -island beyond the reach of Anglo-Saxon control, we find invoked St. -Patrick, along with SS. Brindane, Gildas, Paterne, Guinwaloc, Munna, -Tutwal, German, and other lights of the Irish, as well as our ancient -British church (ed. Mabillon, _Vet. Analect._, p. 168.). 8th. St. Gertrude, -Abbess of Nivelle, died on the 17th March, A.D. 658; the writer of her life -was her cotemporary, and he expressly mentions St. Patrick (_Vita S. -Gertrudis_, ed. Mabillon. _AA. SS. O. B._, t. ii. p. 447.). 9th. Our own -Beda _did_ insert St. Patrick's name in the Martyrology which he drew up -(ed. Smith, _Bedae Hist. Eccl._, p. 351.); and another far-famed countryman -of ours, Alcuin, who, in some verses which he composed for being placed "Ad -aram SS. Patricii et aliorum Scotorum," says: - - "Patricius, Cheranus, Scotorum gloria gentis, - Atque Columbanus, Congallus, Adomnanus atque," &c. - _Opp._ ed. Frobenio, t. ii. p. 219. - -10th. A liturgical MS. in the British Museum, Nero, A, II. fo. 35. b., -which was first printed by Spelman, who calls it "codex vetustissimus" -(_Concil._, i. 176.), speaks of St. Patrick as "archiepiscopus in Scotiis -et Britanniis" (_Ib._, 177.). 11th. The celebrated monastery of St. Gall -(an Irish saint) still possesses the fragment of what was once a missal, -and written in the Irish character. This codex must have been older than -the ninth century, for it is set down "inter libros Scottice scriptos" in a -catalogue of the books belonging to that library, made in the ninth -century. Among the saints enumerated in the canon of the mass is Patrick -the bishop, "intercedentibus pro nobis beatis apostolis Petro et Paulo et -Patricio aepiscopo" (see the fragment in _Appendix A to Cooper's Report_, -p. 95.). - -PYRRHO has had, and is likely always to have, followers in every age and -country: Hardouin would not allow that Virgil ever lived, but stoutly held -that the _Aeneid_ was "a fardel of monkish fictions" put together during -the middle ages: not "the bigoted Anglo-Saxons" of the eighth, but Dr. -Ledwich of the eighteenth century, denied the existence of the great St. -Patrick; a few weeks ago a correspondent of "N. & Q." asked "Is not the -battle itself (of Waterloo) a myth?" (Vol. v., p. 396.); and last week, -another tells us that "the saint (Patrick) certainly vanishes into 'an airy -nothing,' if we are to credit the above authors" (Dr. Ledwich and Dr. -Aikin). - -Who the Aikin may be, or what the work of his which E. M. R. has brought -forwards, I do not know; Ledwich's book now lies before me, and a more -prejudiced writer I have never met with. I think, however, that from the -above authorities it is clearly shown that, together with all the most -learned of early and modern times, we are still warranted in treating St. -Patrick "as a real actor in Irish ecclesiastical affairs." - -D. ROCK. - -Buckland. - -_Sir James Ware--St. Patrick's Birth-place_ (Vol. v., p. 520.)--Permit me -to correct your correspondent E. M. R., who, by a strange mistake, calls -Sir James Ware "a Roman Catholic writer." He was a zealous member of the -church of Ireland: E. M. R. will see a memoir of him in Harris's edition of -Ware's _Writers of Ireland_. - -With respect to the birth-place of St. Patrick, your correspondent may -consult Colgan's _Trias Thaumaturga, Append. quinta ad vitas S. Patricii_, -{562} cap. ii. p. 221. et seq.; also the Life of St. Patrick by Harris in -his edition of Ware's _Bishops of Ireland_; and Dr. Lanigan's -_Ecclesiastical History of Ireland_. - -Ledwich was entirely unacquainted with the sources of Irish history, and is -no authority. - -T. - -Trin. Coll. Dublin. - - * * * * * - -NASHE'S "TERRORS OF THE NIGHT." - -(Vol. v., p. 467.) - -MR. EASTWOOD'S quotation from Nashe's _Terrors of the Night_ regarding the -use of ale for the sacrament in Iceland, may have some light thrown upon it -by the following passages from the Icelandic sages and the learned editors -of the _Historic Memorials of Greenland_. We doubt if Nashe was correct in -saying that ale was granted for that purpose by the Pope in preference to -wine, on account of the "incessant frosts there;" for, in truth, the -Icelanders of the present day, as well as in former times, have no -difficulty in protecting liquids much more congealable, such as milk, from -the winter's frost. The abundance of warm springs, and the volcanic fires -throughout the island, render the temperature of the inhabited districts of -Iceland much warmer in winter than would be supposed from its high northern -latitude. The word "red emayle" no doubt means "red enamel," an apt simile -enough, and well understood in the writer's days. We do not find any -mention of "ale" ("oel") being ever used in Iceland for the celebration of -the eucharist; but a wine seems to leave been prepared from the Crowberry -(_Empetrum nigrum_), as is shown by the following extract from Bishop -Paul's _Saga_, a nearly cotemporary history; for the _Saga_ in question is -believed to have been written by Bishop Magnus Gissurson (1215-1237), who -succeeded Bishop Paul in the see of Skalholt:-- - - "In Bishop Paul's days came Bishop John from Greenland to Iceland, and - remained during the winter in the eastern fiords; but afterwards he - journeyed late in Lent (_langafoestu_, long fast time) to Skalholt to - meet Bishop Paul, and he came there on Maunday Thursday - (Skirdegi-Skjaertorsdag), and these two bishops consecrated a large - store of Chrism, and had besides many confidential and learned - conversations. Bishop John taught the people to prepare wine from the - crowberry (kraekiberium), as he himself had been instructed by King - Sverrer. But it so happened that the next summer few berries grew in - Iceland; but a man called Erick, who lived on a farm called - Snorrastade, near Skalholt, prepared a small quantity of the wine from - these berries, which succeeded well that summer."--Pp. 186, 187. - -We confess that we are much inclined to agree with the learned Eggert -Olafsen's doubts as to the practicability of manufacturing a wine, to suit -at least our palates, from the acrid fruit of the _Empetrum nigrum_. It is -said that Boerhaave, gives a receipt for this purpose, and we have -accordingly found it in his forty-second _Process of the Elementa Chemiae_, -but this relates to the general mode of producing wine from fruits; and -Olafsen (p. 172. vol. i.) tried it in vain with the crowberry when in -Iceland in 1753. Still a species of subacid drink, such as still prepared -from this fruit by the Icelanders, may have been dignified in olden times -with the name of wine; but Olafsen was certainly in error when he stated -that Bishop Paul brought over to Iceland, according to tradition, a native -of the Canary Isles, to teach the art. The Canary Isles were not then (A.D. -1203) known to Europe. - -About the year 1186 King Sverrer forbade the importation of wine into -Bergen by the German traders, on account of the scenes of drunkenness and -riot that ensued therefrom; and he is said to have turned his attention to -the preparing of a home-made wine from the crowberry, as a substitute for -the foreign liquors he had forbidden. The learned editors of the _Historic -Memorials of Greenland_, in a note on the passage above quoted in Bishop -Paul's _Saga_, remark, that this was probably the kind of wine which is -traditionally said to have been used for the sacrament in Iceland when the -true juice of the grape could not be obtained. Huidtfeldt, in his -Chronicle, positively states that the Northmen in 1250 and 1290 sought and -obtained permission from the Pope to use mead, "mjod" (mulsum), and other -similar liquors, in the celebration of the sacrament, in consequence of the -great scarcity of wine in those countries. The editors further state that -"within our own times, during the disastrous war with England, it was -proposed to employ wine made from bilberries for the same purpose in -Iceland." - -The Synod of Roeskilde, according to Pontoppidan, _Annal. Eccles. Dan._ ii. -329. and iii. 538., forbids the use of any liquor but pure wine in the -sacrament in the following words:-- - - "Pastores sunt admoniti ad communionem uti, non _musto_ aut aliis - liquoribus illicitis, sed puro vino, juxta institutionem." - -Lastly, in Rymer's _Foedera_, vol. x. p. 762., there is a petition from the -Bishop of Skalholt to the English government in 1440, stating the depressed -state of the commerce of Iceland at that period, and that no _wine, beer, -or indeed any liquor_ except milk and water, was to be found in the -country. Such was its wretched condition, that he expresses his fear, -unless supplies were received from England, divine service, the celebration -of the communion, and of baptism, would soon cease. - -From this last document it would seem that _wine_ was no longer made in -Iceland from the crowberry, and that the fermented juice of the {563} grape -was deemed absolutely necessary by the bishop of that day for the -celebration of the sacrament. We are not aware of any decree or bull of the -court of Rome, by which any other liquor than that obtained from the grape -was permitted to be used, as such would be entirely contrary to all the -canons of the church, and the opinions of all her theologians. - -EDWARD CHARLTON. - -Newcastle-on-Tyne. - -The following quotation bears upon your correspondent J. EASTWOOD's -Query:-- - - "Gregorious episcopus, &c. - [Sigurdo archiepiscopo] Nidrosiensi. - - Tuae fraternitati quaerenti, an deficienti in quibusdum ecclesiis - suffragancorum tuorum eucharistia propter frumenti penuriam simplex - oblata undecumque confecta populo, ut sub quadam decipiatur pietatis - specie, ac cervisiae vel potus alius loco vini, cum vix aut nunquam - vinum reperiatur in illis partibus, sint tradenda, taliter respondemus, - quod neutrum est penitus faciendum, cum in hujus modi sacramento - visibilis panis de frumento et vini de uvis debeat esse forma in verbo - creatoris per sacerdotis ministerium consecrata, quod veritatem carnis - et sanguinis non est dubium continere, quamquam dari possit populo - panis simpliciter benedictus, prout in quibusdam partibus fieri - consuevit. Datum Viterbii v. Idus Maii, pontificatus nostri anno - undecimo." (A.D. 1237.)--_Diplomatarium Norvegicum_, p. 14.: - Christiania, 1847. - -_Emayle_ is no doubt enamel, used for ice, or frozen wine. _Chevela_ is -answered in the Query. I may add a letter from the same Pope to the same -Archbishop on baptism in ale:-- - - "Cum, sicut ex tua relatione didicimus, nonnunquam propter aquae - penuriam infantes terrae tuae contingat in cervisia baptizari, tibi - tenore praesentium respondemus, quod cum secundum doctrinam evangelicam - oportet eos ex aqua et spiritu sancto renasci, non debent reputari rite - baptizati, qui in cervisia baptizantur. Datum Laterani, viii. Idus - Julii anno xv." (A.D. 1241.)--_Ibid._ p. 21. - -The curious in this matter may find the practice of baptising in other -liquids than water denounced in other countries, in other bulls, and even -by councils. - -DE CAMERA. - - * * * * * - -SERJEANT'S RINGS. - -(Vol. v., pp. 92. 110. 181.) - -I send you the mottoes adopted by serjeants and judges, taken from the Term -Reports, being, with one exception, I believe, a perfect list from 1786 to -the year 1832, when MR. COLMAN's list, in the 5th Volume of "N. & Q.," -begins. That exception is Lord C. B. Richards, whose motto is not given. I -have also made some additions to MR. COLMAN's list. - - 1786. G. Bond _Haereditas a legibus._ - - 1787. A. Thomson } - S. Le Blanc } _Reverentia legum._ - - 1788. Lord Kenyon { - R. Clayton { _Quid leges sine moribus._ - - 1794. S. Heywood } - J. Williams[1] } _Legum servi ut liberi._ - - 1796. A. Palmer { _Evaganti froena licentiae._ - - S. Shepherd _Legibus emendes._ - - 1799. J. Vaughan { _Paribus se legibus - { ambae._ - - J. Lens } - J. Bayley } _Libertas sub rege pio._ - - 1800. Sir J. Scott (Lord { _Rege incolumi mens - Eldon) { omnibus una._ - - A. Chambre { _Majorum instituta - tueri._ - - W. D. Best _Libertas in legibus._ - - R. Graham { _Et placitum laeti componite - A. Onslow[2] { foedus._ - - 1801. W. M. Praed { _Foederis aequas dicamus - { leges._ - - 1802. Sir E. Law (Lord { _Positis mitescunt saecula - Ellenborough) { bellis._ - - 1804. J. Mansfield _Serus in coelum redeas._ - - 1805. T. M. Sutton[3] { _Hic ames dici pater - { atque princeps._ - - 1807. G. Wood { _Moribus ornes, legibus - { emendes._ - - 1808. W. Manley } - A. Pell } _Pro rege at lege._ - W. Rough } - - 1809. R. H. Peckwell { _Traditum ab antiquis - W. Frere { servare._ - - 1812. V. Gibbs _Leges juraque._ - - 1813. H. Dampier _Consulta patrum._ - - J. S. Copley { _Studiis vigilare severis._ - - R. Dallas _Mos et lex._ - - 1814. J. B. Bosanquet { _Antiquam exquisite - { matrem._ - - 1816. J. A. Park { _Qui leges juraque - { servat._ - - C. Abbott (Ld. } _Labore._ - Tenterden) - - G. S. Holroyd { _Componere legibus - { orbem._ - - J. Burrough _Legibus emendes._ - - J. Hullock { _Auspicium melioris - { aevi._ - - 1817. W. Firth { _Ung loi, ung roi, ung - { foi._ - - W. Garrow _Fas et jura._ - - 1818. W. Taddy _Mos et lex._ - - {564} - 1819. J. Richardson _More majorum._ - - V. Lawes } - J. Cross } _Pro rege et lege._ - T. D'Oyley } - - 1820. T. Peake _Aequa lege._ - - 1824. R. Gifford } - W. Alexander } _Secundis laboribus._ - - J. Littledale _Justitae tenax._ - - W. St. J. Arabin } - T. Wilde (L. Truro) } _Regi regnoque fidelis._ - - S. Gaselee } _Bonis legibus, judiciis - R. Spankie } gravibus._ - - 1827. T. Andrews } - H. Storks } - E. Lawes } - E. Ludlow } _More majorum._ - H. A. Merewether } - W. O. Russell } - D. F. Jones } - - J. Scriven } - H. J. Stephen } _Lex ratione probatur._ - C. C. Bompas } - - 1828. J. Parke _Justitiae tenax._ - - 1829. E. Goulburn _Nulla retrorsum._ - - N. C. Tindal _Quid leges sine moribus._ - - W. Bolland _Regi regnoque fidelis._ - - 1830. W. E. Taunton } - E. H. Alderson } _Nec temere nec timide._ - J. Patteson } - -_Omitted in List_, Vol. v., p. 181. - - 1833. T. N. Talfourd _Magna vis veritatis._ - - 1841. J. V. Thompson _Nec ultra nec citra._ - - W. Wightman _Aequam servare mentem._ - - 1842. C. Cresswell _Leges juraque._ - - 1844. F. Pollock _Jussa capessere._ - - 1850. Ld. Campbell _Justitiae tenax._ - - J. Jervis _Venale nec auro._ - -_Errata._ - - 1843. N. R. Clarke } - J. B. Byles } For metu_is_ read metu_it_. - - 1847. For E. _N._ Williams read E. _V._ Williams; - and for liber_e_ read liber_i_. - -J. E. - -[Footnote 1: In 1847 his son, Mr. Justice E. V. Williams, adopted the same -motto.] - -[Footnote 2: Vol. v. p. 92. The motto of the Onslow family, "Festina -lente," is erroneously given as the serjeant's motto on his rings.] - -[Footnote 3: Afterwards Lord Manners, Lord Chancellor of Ireland.] - - * * * * * - -THE OLD COUNTESS OF DESMOND. - -(Vol. v., pp. 145. 323.) - -In your Number of "N. & Q." of April 3rd, there are some curious and -interesting remarks by the KNIGHT OF KERRY, respecting that wonder for -length of days, the old Countess of Desmond, in which he gives the copy of -an inscription on an ancient painting, stating that in the year 1614, and -in the 140th year of her age, she appeared at the court of King James, to -seek relief in consequence of the House of Desmond having been ruined by -attainder. That this statement in the inscription is erroneous, can, I -think, be proved by the following circumstances, which also seem to me to -afford some light on the most obscure parts of the question. - -I have at this moment before me a work, which has been for many years in -the library of my husband (the Rev. E. A. Bray, the Vicar of this place), -and highly prized by us both, namely, a most perfect and beautiful copy of -Sir Walter Raleigh's _History of the World_, published in 1614. I here give -the date from the engraved title-page, which is of an allegorical -description: - - "THE HISTORY OF THE WORLD." - "AT LONDON: PRINTED FOR WALTER BVRRE." - "1614." - -In this volume, Chapter V. (of "the first Booke of the first Part"), page -66., "Of the long Lives of the Patriarchs, and some of _late memory_," -after enumerating several celebrated persons who lived to great ages, -Raleigh thus speaks of the old Countess:-- - - "I myself knew the old Countess of Desmond of Inchiquin, in Munster, - who lived in the yeare 1589, and many years since, who was married in - Edward IV.'s time, and held her joynture from all the Earls of Desmond - since then; and that this is true, all noblemen and gentlemen of - Munster can witnesse." - -From this passage I think it can be shown, that the reader can draw no -other inference than that the Countess of Desmond was dead at the time Sir -Walter Raleigh wrote it. In his heading to the chapter he speaks of some of -"_late memory_;" and the words "_many years since_" evidently mean that she -lived many years _after_ 1589.[4] We do not know at what precise period the -above passage was penned; but we learn from Sir Walter's Preface, that he -composed this great and admirable work whilst a prisoner in the Tower (from -which he was liberated in 1616). In that preface he speaks with deep -feeling and regret for the loss of Prince Henry. He says _the Prince read -part of the work_; and that he wrote it "for the service of that -inestimable" youth. We know that Henry died in November, 1612. The passage, -therefore, about the "old Countess," which occurs in a very early part of -the book, there can be no doubt, was written before 1612, and the entire -work published in 1614. If, therefore (as I think no one can doubt, from -the manner in which it is worded), the old lady was dead when Sir Walter -wrote about her, it is not possible she could have visited the court of -King James in 1614. - -As Raleigh says "I myself knew the old Countess {565} of Desmond," and -plainly declares that she was married in the time of Edward IV., it is most -probable that he received this account from herself at all events, when he -so strongly appeals to the witness of "all the noblemen and gentlemen of -Munster" for the truth of his statement, it is most unlikely he would have -written thus merely on common or casual report. The KNIGHT OF KERRY says, -"There are statements in existence of 1464 being the year of her birth." -This is most probably the correct date, which is perfectly consistent with -Raleigh's account of her marriage in the reign of Edward IV. It is likely -she married very young. There is every probability that Raleigh was well -acquainted with the "old Countess" when he was in Ireland, and acted so -gallant a part against the rebels in that country. Early in the spring of -1581, upon the Earl of Ormond leaving Ireland, Captain Raleigh (for he was -then only such), with Sir William Morgan and another gentleman, received a -commission to succeed the Earl for a time in his government in _Munster_ -(the old lady's county), and he spent the summer there of that year. It may -be further remarked, that the then Earl of Desmond and _Sir John Desmond_ -are among the rebels, and that therefore the House of Desmond did suffer by -attainder _in the reign of Elizabeth_;[5] and more likely was it that the -aged Countess should sue at the Court of Elizabeth for relief, than twenty -years after at that of Jas. I. - -If she came to England in 1589, Sir Walter Raleigh might have seen her in -her pilgrimage to his royal mistress in that year, as in _that year_ (the -next after the defeat of the Spanish Armada, in which glorious service he -bore a distinguished part), among other honours conferred upon him, was -that of being appointed one of the gentlemen of her Majesty's Privy -Chamber. In 1614 Raleigh was a prisoner in the Tower; and very improbable -is it that, even had she been living at that date and in England, the old -Countess would there have paid him a visit, to thank him for his mention of -her in his _History of the World_. And, finally, had she really been alive -when he wrote it, he might have referred to the lady herself, as a proof of -what he said about her being true, instead of referring to "all the -noblemen and gentlemen in Munster." - -As the KNIGHT OF KERRY has expressed a wish to receive the opinions of your -readers who take an interest in the subject, I venture to offer the -foregoing remarks, in consequence of having the very valuable copy of -Raleigh's great work in our possession, and shall be happy if the few -observations I have made may be in any respect acceptable to him or to your -readers. - -ANNA ELIZA BRAY. - -The Vicarage, Tavistock, Devon. - -[Footnote 4: In his _History of the World_, Raleigh frequently uses the -word _since_ as we use the word _after_.] - -[Footnote 5: See Stow's _Annales of England_, p. 1217.] - -In a "Life of Old Parr," _Harl. Misc._, vol. vii. p. 79., are the following -lines about the old Countess, which may perhaps interest some of your -readers: - - "Sir Walter Raleigh, a most learned knight, - Doth of an Irish Countess (Desmond) write, - Of sevenscore years of age; he with her spake; - The Lord St. Albans doth more mention make, - That she was married in fourth Edward's reign; - Thrice shed her teeth, which three times came again." - -At the bottom of the page is a note by Oldys, but it probably contains -nothing new to your correspondents who have so diligently investigated this -matter. He quotes however some remarks of Archbishop Usher on this subject, -which I do not remember to have seen noticed in your pages. - -ERICA. - -The KNIGHT OF KERRY, in his very interesting letter, infers that if the old -Countess of Desmond was only eight or nine years old at the death of Edward -IV., she therefore could not have been married during the reign of that -monarch. Was it not, however, a not uncommon custom, at that period, for -royal and noble infants to be given in marriage at quite as early an age as -eight or nine, whenever it suited the views, political or otherwise, of -their parents or guardians? - -C. E. D. - - * * * * * - -A FEW THINGS ABOUT RICHARD BAXTER. - -(Vol. v., p. 481.) - -Your correspondent MR. BEALBY mentions that in his visit to Kidderminster -in 1836, he was shown the house in the High Street in which Richard Baxter -is said to have resided: a few more particulars on the subject may prove -interesting. - -It was a three storied, high gabled house, with low ceilinged rooms, -lighted by long ranges of casement. The exterior of the house displayed a -goodly proportion of wood-work, and appeared to be much in its original -condition. No garden or extra-ground was attached to it, another street -(Swan Street) running immediately at its back. Three or four years since -the house fell before the march of modern improvements, and none of its old -features can now be recognised. At the time of these alterations, the house -was tenanted by a shoemaker. An ascent of four or five steps led into the -shop, the long low window of which, projecting somewhat over the pavement, -was tiled above, and supported underneath by wooden pillars. These also -served to mark the boundary allotted to the display of the handiwork of the -basketmaker who plied his trade in the capacious cellar underneath the -shop. - -Of course MR. BEALBY, while prosecuting in Kidderminster his inquiries -about Baxter, visited Caldwall Castle (close to the town), once the {566} -residence of Sir Ralph Clare, Baxter's sturdy opponent. In an old map of -the town, the castle is represented as having eight towers; but only one of -these now remains, which is attached to a modern house. The tower is -octagonal, built of red sandstone, of massive proportions, and is in good -preservation. It contains two rooms lighted N. and S.; a turret staircase; -and a groin-roofed cellar, level with the ground, and with an exterior -door. From this cellar an underground passage is said to extend to St. -Mary's Church, about a quarter of a mile distant. Sir Ralph Clare was -buried in St. Mary's, opposite to where Baxter's pulpit then stood. The -flat stone that covers his grave has once again been restored to the light -by the removal of the cumbrous sleeping-box that concealed it,--thanks to -the judicious alterations now being carried on by the present vicar; -alterations very different to those "beautifyings" of 1786, in which -Baxter's pulpit was sold as worthless lumber. (Vide "N. & Q.,", Vol. v., p. -363.) - -The Registers preserved in the vestry of St. Mary's attest the careful -neatness of Baxter in his official entries. The headings of the different -months are printed, and, in some cases, ornamented after the missal style. -Many of the burials are set down as those of "valliant souldiers," who fell -in the frequent skirmishes of those troublous times. - -The row of elms on the south walk of the churchyard is said to have been -planted in Baxter's time,--perhaps by his own hand. - -If MR. BEALBY would like a copy of my etching of Baxter's pulpit (referred -to at p. 363.), and would leave his address with the Publisher of "N. & -Q.," I should be happy to forward one to him. - -CUTHBERT BEDE, B.A. - - * * * * * - -ST. BOTULPH. - -(Vol. v., pp. 396. 475.) - -As no one has hitherto answered the inquiries of A. B. touching St. -Botulph, I beg to forward you the following Notes. The earliest mention of -him will be found in the _Saxon Chronicle_, at the year 654. He is said to -have then commenced the building of a minster at _Ycean-ho_. The statement -is repeated by Florence of Worcester, who writes the name of St. Botulph's -convent _Ikanho_. Its locality is thus pointed out by Leland, _Itinerary_, -i. 31, 32. ed. Hearne:-- - - "Some hold opinion that est of Lincoln were 2 suburbs, one toward S. - Beges, a late [of late] a cell of S. Mari abbay at York; the which - place I take be _Icanno_, wher was an house of monkes in S. Botolphes - tyme, and of this speketh Bede[?]. It is scant half a mile from the - minster." - -The same writer has informed us (viii. 68.) that St. Botulph died in Icanno -(15 Kal. Jun.), and that the monastery was soon afterwards destroyed by the -Scandinavian vikings. The authority on which this latter statement will be -found to rest is a "Life of St. Botulph," written or embellished by John -Capgrave, and included in his _Nova Legenda Angliae_. I have now before me -a fine copy of the work (Lond. 1516); but very few of the events in which -St. Botulph is there said to have played a part belong to the sphere of -history. We learn that Botulphus and Adulphus were two noble brothers, who -in early life were sent into "Old Saxony" to be instructed in monastic -learning. Botulph there became acquainted with two sisters of an English -king, named Ethelmund ("regis australium Anglorum"), who, at their wish, -allotted to the monk a piece of barren ground, on which to build a convent -("locum quendam incultum et ab hominibus desertum Ykanho vocatum.") Like -other marshy spots, in which the _ignis fatuus_ abounded, it was thought to -be infested by malignant spirits. These were soon, however, put to flight -("edito crucis signo"), and a convent, on the model of the house in which -St. Botulph had been reared, was planted in the midst of their domain. It -perished under Edmund (941-946); but the relics of St. Botulph, which had -been enshrined in his own foundation, were preserved, and afterwards -translated, in the time of Edgar (959-975), through the efforts of St. -Ethelwold. The head was sent to Ely, and the body equally apportioned to -the royal cabinet of relics and the abbey church of Thorne. The closing -passage is as follows: - - "In libro ecclesie Sancti Botulphi juxta Aldersgate Londo[=n] habetur - quae pars corporis Sancti Botulphi per bone memorie regem Edwardum - ecclesie B. Petri Westmonasterii est collata. Eodem etiam tempore, ut - in quibusdam locis scriptum inveni, per eundem monachum, jubente - episcopo Ethelwoldo, translata sunt apud Thornense monasterium ossa - Benedicti Biscop, abbatis venerabilis Wermuthensis, nutritoris Bede - presbiteri. Construxit autem Sanctus Ethelwoldus non longe a monasterio - Thornensi, in loco ubi _beata virgo Christi Toua inclusa_ fuerat, - lapideam ecclesiolam delicatissimis cameratam cancellulis et duplici - area tribus dedicatam altaribus permodicis, undique usque ad eius muros - vallatam arboribus diversi generis. Sedem ibi heremiticam, si - permisisset Deus, sibi delegit." - -Is there any other notice of this female solitary? - -C. H. - -St. Catharine's Hall, Cambridge. - - [Leland notices this female solitary. St. Tova, or Tona, was a Saxon - saint, to whose memory a fair chapel, called Thoveham, or Thona, half a - mile from the abbey, was consecrated; and at this place was the oratory - of the Heremites. Lelandi _Collectanea_, vol. i. p. 28.; Willis' - _Mitred Abbies_, vol. i. p. 187.--ED.] - -The earliest mention found of this saint is in the _Saxon Chronicle_, under -the year 654, when he began to build his minster at Ycean-ho, probably -Boston or Botulph's-town in Lincolnshire. His {567} life was first put into -regular form by Fulcard, a monk of Thorney, who was made abbot of that -monastery in 1068. Fulcard tells us in his preface what his materials were: - - "Reperta sunt quaedam in veteribus libris vitiose descripta, quaedam ab - ipso praecipuo praesuli in privilegiis ejusdem coenobii sunt breviter - annotata, caetera ex relatione veterum ut ab antiquioribus sunt eis - exhibita." - -An early MS. of this life is in the Harleian collection, No. 3097. It was -printed (somewhat curtailed) by Capgrave in the _Legenda Nova_, and seems -to have furnished all that our antiquaries know about St. Botulph. Camden -indeed refers to _Bede_, iv. 3., as containing some mention of him; but I -can find no such passage, and I believe that Botulph is nowhere mentioned -in the _Historia Anglorum_. The remains of Botulph were taken up in the -days of King Edgar, and his head was allotted to Ely, while the rest of his -bones were divided between the abbeys of Thorney and Westminster. The cause -of his extended popularity it is difficult to discover. His fame even -passed over to Denmark, and an office is allotted to him in the Sleswick -Breviary, _Britannia Sacra_, vol. i. p. 370. It has been surmised that he -was a patron saint of seamen, and that his name indicates this character, -_i. e._ boat-help! See Allen's _History of Lincoln_, vol. i. p. 245. His -brother Adulf was made Bishop of Trajectum, probably Utrecht. Your -correspondents may be referred to Capgrave; to Leland, _Collectanea_, vol. -i. p. 217., and vol. iii. p. 33.; and to Ellis's _Monasticon_, vol. ii. p. -596., and vol. vi. p. 1621. St. Botulph's day is the 17th of June. - -C. W. G. - - * * * * * - -SIR RICHARD POLE, THE FATHER OF CARDINAL POLE. - -(Vol. v., pp. 105. 163.) - -Without presuming to contravene the high authorities quoted by J. G. N. on -the pedigree of Sir Richard Pole, the father of the celebrated Cardinal -Pole, I am inclined to the belief that he descended from a common ancestor -with the Cheshire family of "Poole," as suggested by your correspondent I. -J. H. H. Wotton[6] says, in his pedigree of "Poole, baronets of Poole" -(from whom, by the way, the _Poles_ of Shute collaterally derived): - - "Robert Pull, _alias_ Poole, _alias_ De la Poole, lord of Barretspoole, - 8 Edw. I., by Elizabeth, dau. to Hugh Raby, had issue _Reginald_ and - others. Reginald had issue James, who died 1 Edw. II., leaving Robert - de Pull, his son and heir, who m., 2 Rich. II., the dau. and heir of - Thomas de Capenhurst. Sir John de Pull, Knight, his son, lived 8 Hen. - IV. and 3 Hen. V., and was father of Sir John _Poole_, of Poole, in - Wirrall, living about 19 Rich. II., who by a dau. of ---- Mainwaring, - of Peover, had issue, 1. Sir Thomas Poole, Knight, lord of Poole and - Capenhurst, 35 Hen. VI. 2. Robert Poole, who left posterity. 3. _Sir - Richard Poole, Knight_, who had progeny; and 4. James, grandfather to - John Poole, of Stratford in Essex." - -Is anything known further of the above Sir Richard Poole, Knight, or of his -"progeny"? From a comparison of the dates before given with that of the -time in which the father of the Cardinal flourished, it seems not -improbable (in the absence of direct proof to the contrary) that he removed -into Buckinghamshire, and was father of "Geoffry Pole," who married Edith -St. John, as shown. Cardinal Pole, however, was born (in 1500) at Stoverton -Castle in _Worcestershire_, and the fact that he was named Reginald, as -borne by the son of Robert, the first ancestor of "Poole" (as shown in the -above extract), as well as by other members of the baronet family, would -tend to confirm the supposition of a common ancestry. The reasons for the -change in the family bearing suggested by J. G. N. seem highly probable, -besides being the usual course adopted by younger sons for difference. I -would here suggest another Query: Was Sir Richard, or his son Henry, -created Lord Montague? Burke seems to be at variance with other testimony I -have found on the matter. He says: - - "Sir Richard Pole, K.G., [was] summoned to Parliament in 1553 [Query, - 1503], as Baron Montague: he m. Lady Margaret Plantagenet, dau. of Geo. - Duke of Clarence, and left issue four sons and one daughter, viz. - Henry, _second Baron_ Montague (whose daughters and coheirs were, - Katherine, wife of Francis, second Earl of Huntingdon; and Winifred, m. - first to Sir Thomas Hastings, and, secondly, to Sir Thomas Barrington). - 2. Geffery, Sir. 3. Arthur. 4. Reginald, the celebrated Cardinal. 5. - Ursula, m. to Henry Lord Stafford." - -In a list of attainders appended to the 2nd volume of Debrett's _Peerage_, -the date 1504 is given as the creation, and 1538 the forfeiture of the -title. Wotton says (vol. i. p. 32.): - - "Sir Thomas Barrington, high sheriff of Essex and Hertford, 4 Eliz." - 1561, "m. Winifred d. and coheir of Henry Pole, _Lord Mountague_ (son - of Sir Richard Pole, _Knight of the Garter_" only), "by Margaret - Countess of Salisbury, dau. to Geo. Duke of Clarence, brother to King - Edward VI." - -That "marvellous" historian, Sir Richard Baker, in his _Chronicle_ (ed. -1696, pp. 246. 271. 286., &c.), records, under the reign of Hen. VII. (cir. -1503): - - "Prince Arthur, after his marriage, was sent again into Wales, to keep - _that country in good order_, to whom were appointed for councillors - Sir Richard _Pool_, his _kinsman_ and chief chamberlain, Sir Henry - Vernon," &c. - -I find no trace of the title till 15 Hen. VIII. (1524): {568} - - "All this while King Henry had play'd with the French, but now he seems - to be in earnest, and therefore sends over the Duke of Suffolk with an - army, the four and twentieth of August, attended with the Lord - Montacute and his _brother_, _Sir_ Arthur Pool, with many other knights - and gentlemen." - -On the knighthood of this _Sir_ Arthur I find, farther on,-- - - "On _Allholland_ (Query, All-hallows) day, in the chief church of Roy," - (the Duke) "made knights, Lord Herbert (son of the Earl of Worcester), - the Lord Powis, Oliver Manners, Arthur Pool, &c. - -And now-- - - The 3rd Nov. (1538) Henry Courtney, Marquess of Exeter and Earl of - Devonshire, _Henry Pool_, _Lord Montacute_, Sir Nicholas Carew, of - Bedington, Knight of the Garter and Master of the Horse, and Sir Edward - Nevill, brother to the Lord _Aburgenny_, were sent to the Tower, being - accused by Sir Geoffry _Pool_, the Lord Montacute's brother, of high - treason. They were indicted for devising to promote and advance _one - Reinald_ (Qy. Reginald) _Pool_ to the crown, and _put down_ K. Henry. - _This Pool was a near kinsman of the king's_ (being the son of the Lady - Margaret, Countess of Salisbury, daughter and heir to George, Duke of - Clarence). He had been brought up by the king in learning, and made - Dean of Exeter; but being _after sent_ to learn experience by travel, - he grew so great a friend of the Pope's that he became an enemy to King - Henry, and _for his enmity to the king_ was by Pope Julius III. made - cardinal. For this man's cause the lords aforesaid being condemned were - all executed; the Lord Marquess, the Lord Montacute, and Sir Edward - Nevill, beheaded on the Tower Hill the ninth of January; Sir Nicholas - Carew the third of March; two priests condemned with them were hanged - at Tyburn: Sir Geoffry _Pool_, though condemned also, yet had his - pardon." - -I give this last quotation entire (hoping to be pardoned for its length), -as it affords a curious insight into the eventful history of the period; -for, two years later, I find it on record that-- - - "_Reynold Pool, Cardinal_, brother to the Lord Montacute, was with - divers others attainted of high treason; of whom Foskeue and Dingley - the tenth of July were beheaded, the Countess of Salisbury two years - after." - -But I forbear quoting further the account of this same cardinal's pompous -"_absolution of these realms_," and "_reconciliation to the church of -Rome_," all which are given in "marvellous" detail by our worthy historian. -I pass on to observe, in conclusion, that, from the fact (as recorded in -the first of the foregoing historic extracts) that "Sir Richard _Pool_, -chamberlain" to Prince Arthur, was sent by him into _Wales_, I gather your -correspondent I. J. H. H. has been led to suppose him a _Welsh knight_. -That he is called a _kinsman_ of the prince is also some confirmation of -the statement afforded by J. G. N., that he became so by his mother's near -connexion with the Countess of Richmond, but his own alliance with the -house of Plantagenet must have taken place about the close of the fifteenth -century (and I own this offers some objection to my theory of his descent); -it could not have occurred in 1513, as your correspondent states, since -Cardinal Pole was, as I have stated, born in 1500, and was therefore -fifty-four years old at the commencement of Mary's reign, viz. 1553-4, when -proposals were made for his marriage with the queen; for, says Sir Richard, -once more, in speaking, of "the marriages propounded for Queen Mary:" - - "One was Cardinal Pool, of a dignity not much inferior to kings, and by - his mother descended from kings; _but there was an exception against - him also, because four and fifty years old_ (as old a batchelor as - Queen Mary was a maid)," &c. &c. - -May I be allowed to suggest another Query as to the value of the aforesaid -dignity of knighthood, since Lord Herbert and Lord Powis accepted it with -men of plainer name and "lesser note." I should feel obliged to any of your -correspondents for information on this point. - -H. W. S. T. - -Southampton. - -[Footnote 6: _English Baronets_, vol. ii. p. 546. ed. 1727.] - - * * * * * - -PROCLAMATIONS TO PROHIBIT THE USE OF COAL. - -(Vol. v., p. 513.) - -I have recently, for a definite purpose, searched for facts relative to the -introduction of coal into domestic use, but I have not met with the case -referred to by Dr. Bachhoffner. So harsh a measure appears somewhat -inconsistent with other facts connected with the early history of coal. For -instance, a grant, dated 7th May, in the 34th of Edward I. tolerates the -introduction of sea-coal into London, but levies a toll of sixpence upon -every ship-load passing London Bridge: "De qualibet navata carbonis maris -venal. sex denarios" (Hearne's _Liber Niger Scaccarii_: Lond. 1774, 8vo. p. -480.), which toll was to be applied to the maintenance of the said bridge. -A few months after this, in 1306, was issued the proclamation prohibiting -its use; and on its being disregarded, was, as stated by Prynne, followed -by a Commission of Oyer and Terminer in the year 1307, a short time before -the death of Edward I. It is pretty evident that on the accession of Edward -II. a great change occurred in the opinion of the authorities respecting -the use of coal; for in the year 1308 fifty pounds (equal probably to 800l. -of our money) were paid from the Exchequer to provide wood and _coal_ for -the king's coronation. (_Issue Roll, Excheq._, 1 Edw. II.) This sum was -paid to John Fairhod, Thomas de Hales, Thomas Wastel, Roger le White, and -John de Talworth. We cannot tell the quantity of coal used on that -occasion; but, in addition to the above sum we find Richard del Hurst of -London petitioning Parliament for the payment of ten {569} shillings to him -for sea-coal supplied at the king's coronation. (_Rot. Parl._, 15 and 16 -Edw. II., vol. i. p. 405.) Many facts might be given to show that coal was -frequently used in London during the reign of Edward II.; and unless we are -to infer that the king used without hesitation that which was denied to the -citizens on pain of death, we cannot suppose that any such stringent -measure was in force as to render the use of coal a capital offence. The -period, therefore, in which the case referred to by Dr. Bachhoffner -occurred, was most probably during the last few months of the reign of Edw. -I. But I am not acquainted with any record of the case, and, with MR. -WILSON, should feel obliged if any of your correspondents can refer me to -it. But perhaps the Doctor himself will kindly answer the Query. - -F. SOMNER MERRYWEATHER. - - * * * * * - -RALPH WINTERTON. - -(Vol. v., pp. 346. 419.) - -You mention that a Latin distich by Winterton may be found among the -Additional MSS. in the British Museum. And at p. 420. his publication of -_Hypocrates_ is referred to, with a Query as to the Latin verse -translation. As this book (not I believe very common) is now before me, I -transcribe the title: - - "'[Greek: Hippokratous tou Megalou hoi aphorismoi; pezikoi te kai - emmetroi.] Hippocratis Magni Aphorismi, soluti et metrici. Interprete - Joanne Heurnio medico _Ultrajectino_. _Metaphrastis_, Joanne Frero - Medico-Poeta et Radulpho Wintertono Medicinae, et Poeseos Graecae - studioso, _Anglis_. - - Alexandri Magni Apophthegma. - - [Greek: Basilikon esi, ton eu poiounta kakos akouein.] - - _Regale_ est, bene cum feceris, male audire. - - _Catabrigiae._ _Excudebant_ Thomas Buck et Rogerus Daniel, MDCXXXIII." - -The volume is 12mo., and dedicated to William [Laud?], Bishop of London. -Then follow "Reverendorum S. Theol. Professorum Censurae," including those -of Thomas Comber, Dean of Carlisle, and Master of Trinity College, -Cambridge; Matthew Wren, Dean of Windsor, and Master of Peterhouse, &c. The -aphorisms are given each in the original Greek, with a metrical version in -the same language, followed by prose and metrical versions in Latin. - -At the end of my copy is bound up, as probably it was printed to accompany -the preceding, - - "Epigrammata Regiorum Medicinae Professorum, Cantabrigiensis atque - Oxoniensis, &c. In Rad. Wintertoni Metaphrasin nuper editam, &c., - quibus accedunt Epigrammata Therapeutica ejusdem, ad malevolorum - lectorum aegritudines." - -Cantabrigiae, same date and printers. One of the Epigrammata throws some -light on the Query in Vol. v., p. 420., as to the authorship of the _Latin_ -version: Edward Hanburie, of Sidney College, says, addressing Winterton,-- - - "Gratum opus hoc Medicis. Tu primus carmine _Graeco_ - Metiris." - -The volume closes with some Latin elegiac verses by Winterton on the death -of his brother Francis, who, leaving the office of Gentleman of the Privy -Chamber to the Queen, - - "In Castra transiit. Is pro patria mortuus, Custrinae, - in finibus Silesiae, honorifice, et sicut militem decuit, - sepultus est." - -This supplementary volume is partly occupied with complimentary verses by -the fellows of King's, who address Winterton as - - "Medicum a suis juxta statuta designatum." - -Among these is one copy by Gulielmus _Sclater_, C. R. C., "Socius Inceptor -in Artibus;" and another by Johannes _Sclater_, C. R. C., quondam Socius, -S. T. B. 1613. I indicate these as having lately called the attention of -your readers to this family. - -BALLIOLENSIS. - - * * * * * - - -Replies to Minor Queries. - -_Family of Bullen_ (Vol. v., p. 127.).--There is a physician of that name, -who is, I believe, one of the professors in the Queen's College, Cork, and -who may probably be able to afford your correspondent E. A. G. the -information he wishes for. I have been informed that Dr. Bullen's father -asserted that his family was descended from the Boleyn family. - -J. E. - -_Wallington's Journal_ (Vol. v., p.489.).--This volume is in my possession. -It contains much curious and interesting matter. - -J. GODWIN. - -28. Upper Gower Street. - -_The Amber Witch_ (Vol. v., p. 510.).--In answer to a Query of A. N., this -book is a pure fiction. Some German biblical critics pretending to decide -that whole chapters, or whole books, of the Bible are spurious, from -internal evidence, Meinhold wrote the _Amber Witch_ to show how little able -they were to judge of internal evidence in a much simpler case. Several of -them fell into his trap, and then the author avowed the work to be his own. - -T. - -_Twyford_ (Vol. v., p. 467.).--There is yet, I am informed, a _double ford_ -at Alnmouth, a little above the town. The ancient church, called Woden's -Church, stood at the mouth of the Alne. Here was found the cross with the -imperfect inscription in Anglo-Saxon runes, now preserved at Alnwick -Castle. I am not aware that any local tradition now connects the name of -Twyford with Alnmouth. - -EDWARD CHARLTON. - -{570} - -_The Ring Finger_ (Vol. v., p. 492.).--I have met with the following -passage in Adam's _Antiquities_ (8vo. ed., p. 429.), which seems to assign -another origin to this custom than the one lately proposed in "N. & Q.": - - "On this occasion" (_i. e._ the signing of the marriage contract) - "there was commonly a feast: and the man gave the woman a ring - (_annulus pronubus_) by way of pledge, _Juvenal_, vi. 27., which she - put on her left hand, on the finger next the least; because it was - believed a nerve reached from thence to the heart: _Macrob. Sat._ vii. - 15." - -ERYX. - -_Brass of Lady Gore_ (Vol. v., p. 412.).--This brass still exists, and -commemorates Maria Gore, _Priorissa_, 1436, attired simply as a widow. -Owing to its actual existence having been but recently known to collectors -of rubbings, no mention was made of it in the _Oxford Manual_. For the same -reason there is no notice of a very interesting brass of a bishop or abbot, -date end of fourteenth century, at Adderley, Salop. The editor of the above -work would take this opportunity of thanking MR. W. S. SIMPSON for his -corrections ("N. & Q.," Vol. v., p. 369.). The rubbing, or rather smudging, -from which the inscription was copied being nearly wholly illegible, -accounts for the mistakes. Any further corrections will oblige - -THE EDITOR OF THE "OXFORD MANUAL OF BRASSES." - -Gloucester. - -_Gospel Trees._--Several Numbers of "N. & Q." have contained interesting -notices of trees which are traditionally reported to indicate the -standing-places of out-door preachers. To me, there is something very -pleasing and picturesque--if nothing better--in these narrations; and I -shall therefore be glad to find them recurring in your pages, whether their -claims are of ancient or later date. Every reader of the vigorous poetry of -Ebenezer Elliott, a true member of the _genus irritabile_, will recollect -Miles Gordon "the Ranter" preacher, and how, in the poet's lines,-- - - "----The great unpaid! the prophet, lo! - Sublime he stands beneath the Gospel tree, - And Edmund stands on Shirecliffe at his side." - -The context, too long to quote here, is a passage descriptive of the -scenery in the vicinity of Sheffield in one direction, unsurpassed for -graphic scope, freshness, and fidelity in the whole range of English rhyme. -But the tree? Hundreds of summer visitors climb the hill, and ask _that_ -question; and they are pointed to an ash, which stands in a situation -conspicuous enough, but which neither the rest of "the trees of the wood," -if they could speak, nor the quarryman, who remembers it when a sappling -can allow to be _the_ veritable "Gospel tree" of the poet, though, but for -_this_ memorandum in "N. & Q.," it might arrive at that distinction in the -course of another century. A neighbouring tree, an oak, which those -matter-of-fact judges, the trigonometrical surveyors, have marked with a -lofty pole, competes with the aforesaid ash for the reverence of pilgrims -but its claim is equally apocryphal. If, however, when on the spot, "it is -difficult," according to the old adage, "to find the tree for the wood," as -I experienced a few days since, it will ever stand conspicuous enough, in -the poet's page, and may even serve to divert or recall attention to -"Gospel trees," which have more than poetical claim to that appellation. - -H. - -"_Who from the dark and doubtful love to run_" (Vol. v., p. 512.).--I -presume the lines imperfectly quoted by H. M. are to be found in the -"Introduction" to the _Parish Register_ by Crabbe, and which, as the book -is before me, I will transcribe: - - "Oh! rather give me commentators plain, - Who with no deep researches vex the brain, - Who from the dark and doubtful love to run, - And hold their glimmering tapers to the sun." - -S. S. S. - -_Son of the Conqueror; Walker Tyrrel_ (Vol. v., p. 512.).--No other son of -William the Conqueror, except William Rufus, was slain by an arrow in the -New Forest. A grandson, however, of the Conqueror, Richard, son of Robert -Duke of Normandy, met with the same fate as Rufus, as stated by the -cotemporary chronicler, Florentius Wigornensis. (Edition of the Historical -Society, vol. ii. p. 45.) Immediately after describing the death of William -Rufus, he says: - - "Nam et antea ejusdem Willelmi junioris germanus, Ricardus, in eadem - foresta multo ante perierat, et paulo ante _suus fratruelis_, Ricardus, - comitis scilicet Normannorum Rotberti filius, dum et ipse in venatu - fuisset, a suo milite sagitta percussus, interiit." - -Probably Sir N. Wraxhall or his authority had read this statement hastily, -and had construed _fratruelis_ brother instead of _nephew_, which is the -correct sense of the word. - -Your correspondent asks further for the authority for the death of William -Rufus. Every historian of that day--Florentius Wigornensis and the Saxon -chronicler among others--gives the received account of his death, except -Suger, a Norman abbot, who says that Sir W. Tyrrel took a solemn oath to -him that he was not the slayer of the king, but that the arrow came from an -unknown hand. - -There can, I think, be little doubt but that Sir W. Tyrrel's was the hand -that drew the bow; whether, however, he intended to kill the king or not, -is a point which it is probable, after the time that has elapsed, will -never be satisfactorily determined. - -R. C. C. - -Oxon. - -{571} - -_Sir Gilbert Gerrard_ (Vol. v., p. 511.).--I beg to refer MR. SPEDDING to -Erdeswick's _Staffordshire_, by Harwood (1820), p. 83., who states that Sir -Gilbert Gerrard died in 1592, and that he was buried in Ashley churchyard -in that county, under a handsome monument. Probably the inscription on it -will give the precise date, and some of your readers may be able to refer -to it, and send the communication to "N. & Q." His death must have occurred -between January 8, 1592, 34 Elizabeth, the date of his will as given in -Dugdale's _Baronage_, vol. ii. p. 417., and the following April; if Dugdale -is right in saying that it was then proved. But on referring to the _Baga -de Secretis_, the contents of which are so excellently calendared by Sir -Francis Palgrave in the Appendices to his third, fourth, and fifth reports -as deputy-keeper of the Public Records, it appears that Sir Gilbert was -named in a commission of Oyer and Terminer, on March 22; that he signed a -precept under it for the return of the grand jury, on April 11; and that he -signed another precept to the lieutenant of the Tower for bringing up Sir -John Perrott before the justices, on _June 12_, all in 34 Elizabeth, 1592. -(Fourth Report, Appendix II. pp. 282, 283.) It would seem, therefore, that -Dugdale has erred in the date he assigns to the probate of Sir Gilbert's -will. A search, however, at Doctors' Commons will solve the difficulty. - -Edward Foss. - -_Fides Carbonarii_ (Vol. iv., pp. 233. 283.; Vol. v., p. 523.).--The -Collier's Confession of Faith did not originate with Dr. Milner, but is at -least three hundred years old. Cardinal Hosius commends it highly (_De -auctor. sacrae Script._: Opp. fol. 263.: Antverp. 1556), and so does -Staphylus likewise (_Apologia_, fol. 83.: Colon. 1562). Bellarmin gives -another version of the narrative, which he has taken from Petrus Barocius -(_De arte bene moriendi_, lib. ii. cap. ix. pp. 200-203.: Antverp. 1620). -Your correspondents should not have forgotten the concluding question and -answer in what Crakenthorp has styled "The Colliar's Catechisme" (_Vigilius -Dormitans_, p. 187.: Lond. 1631). The entire of the conversation may be -represented thus: - - "What do you believe?" - - "I believe what the Church believes." - - "And what does the Church believe?" - - "The Church believes what I believe." - - "And what do you both believe?" - - "The same thing." - -R. G. - -_Line on Franklin_ (Vol. iv., p. 443.; Vol. v., pp. 17. 549.).-- - - "Eripuit Jovi fulmen, sceptrumque tyrannis." - -I do not exactly see the object of MR. WARDEN'S inquiry (if it indeed be -one), as your correspondent R. D. H. had already traced it from Cardinal -Polignac to Manilius; but, as perhaps MR. WARDEN means to inquire where -_he_ may have read it, I beg leave to inform him that line was first -published as anonymous in the _Correspondence de Grimm et de Diderto_, -April, 1778, and was lately reproduced in the _Quarterly Review_ for June, -1850, with the addition that it was from the pen of _Turgot_, as the -authority, I presume, of the Life, art. TURGOT, in the _Biographie -Universelle_. - -C. - -_Meaning of Royd as an Addition to Yorkshire Names_ (Vol. v., p. -489.).--The glossary to Hulton's _Coucher Book of Whalley Abbey_ at once -gives it thus: - - "RODA, an assart, or clearing. Rode land is used in this sense in - modern German, in which the verb roden means to clear. The combination - of the syllable rod, _rode_, or _royd_, with some other term, or with - the name of an original settler, has, no doubt, given to particular - localities such designations as Huntroyd, Ormerod, &c., &c." - -See also Lower _On Surnames_ (3rd edit. i. 85.), and an elaborate note in -Dr. Whitaker's _Whalley_, referred to in his account of Ormerod (3rd edit. -p. 364.). - -In the sense which Dr. W. gives to _Rode_, or _Royd_, as "a participial -substantive of the provincial verb _rid_, to clear or grub up," that word -will be found singly, or in combination, near forests and chases from the -Lancashire Pendle to the Devonshire Dartmoor. It occurs also in Rodmore, -Rodleys, &c., in the forest district of Gloucestershire over Severn; and -Murray's _Handbook_ may be referred to for Wernigerode, Elbingerode, &c., -in the Hartz forest of Germany. - -In Lancashire and Yorkshire the adjunct sometimes refers to the _early -proprietor_, as in Monkroyd, Martinrode, &c.; sometimes to the _trees -ridded_, as in Oakenrode, Acroyd, Hollinrode, Holroyd, &c.; sometimes to -other characteristics. Instances of all kinds will be found in the _Whalley -Coucher Book_, printed by the Chetham Society. - -LANCASTRIENSIS. - -_Binnacle_ (Vol. v., p. 499.).--This word, which signifies the case or -covering of the compass, was until the last thirty years spelled and -pronounced "bittacle," and is derived, I should imagine, from the French -word _habitacle_, a little habitation, a hut, a covering. It is almost the -only one of our nautical terms which can be traced to a French origin. - -C. K. - -_Plague Stones_ (Vol. v., p. 500.).--I have not observed that any of your -correspondents have noticed the stones near the romantic village of Eyam, -about four and a half miles E. N. E. of Tideswell in Derbyshire. - -It is well known that this village suffered most severely from the plague; -and the inhabitants still revere the memory of their pastor Mr. Nompesson, -who nobly refused to desert his flock in the hour of danger, and fell a -sacrifice to his devotion. I became acquainted with these stones some years -{572} ago, when on tour through Derbyshire, and, if I remember rightly, -they are about two and a half feet high, one foot and a half in diameter, -with a hollow place on the top like a dish, in which we were told the money -of the "plague village" people was placed for the food, &c. that was -brought to this boundary line by the people of the neighbourhood. The -cavity in the stone was of course full of water. - -J. G. C. - -_Ramasshed_ (Vol. iii., p. 347.).--The Fr. _ramas_ (as also _ramon_) is -"_boughs_ formed into a _besom_ or broom," Fr. _rameau_, from the Lat. -_ramus_. To _ramass_ or _ramash_ is "to put or sweep together, as with a -broom." Thus, Hackluyt, in his Preface to the Reader, speaks of volumes -"most untruly and unprofitablie _ramassed_ or hurled to." To _ramassh_ is -also "to use a _ramas_ or a construction of ram_asses_" (in the case of Syr -R. Guyldford) as a vehicle for conveyance. The sleds first used for -carrying travellers safely down steep hills were probably composed of -bough-hurdles, afterwards transformed into barrows and other more -convenient carriages. - -Q. - -_Yankee Doodle_ (Vol. iv., pp. 344. 392.).--The citizens of the United -States do not recognise this, but "Hail, Columbia," as their national air. - -W. T. M. - -Hong Kong. - -_"Chords that vibrate," &c._ (Vol. v., p. 539.).-- - - "Chords that vibrate sweetest pleasure, - Thrill the deepest notes of woe." - "On Sensibility. To Mrs. Dunlop, of Dunlop." - Burns's _Poems_, ed. 1800, vol. iv. p. 404. - -EDW. HAWKINS. - -_Derivation of Martinique_ (Vol. v., pp. 11. 165.).--MR. PHILIP S. KING's -statement, that Martinique was discovered on St. Martin's day, is at -variance with the account given by the historian of that island, who says -that it was discovered on the 15th June, 1502, during Columbus's fourth -voyage. The derivation of _Martinique_ from _Martin_ suggests itself so -obviously, that, if the discovery had been made on the day (November 11) -consecrated to that saint, it is not likely that the local historian would -have gone out of his way to fix upon a Caribbean expression, _Martinina_, -as the origin of the name. - -HENRY H. BREEN. - -St. Lucia. - -_Anthony Babington_ (Vol. v., p. 344.).--W. Kempe, the author of the -_Dutiful Invective_, must not be confounded (as is frequently the case) -with William Kempe the celebrated actor, and the reputed author of Kemp's -_Nine Daies Wonder_. The first-named Kempe was probably a schoolmaster at -Plymouth. See the Rev. A. Dyce's Introduction to his reprint of the _Nine -Daies Wonder_ (Camden Society, No. 11.). - -_The Censure of a Loyall Subject_, which your correspondent (following -Herbert) attributes to Kempe, is well known to have been the production of -George Whetstone, whose initials are at the end of the Dedication. A copy -may be seen in the Library of Lambeth Palace. - -The execution of the "fourteen most wicked traitors" (Ballard, Babbington, -Tichbourne, &c.) formed the subject of many ballads and tracts, a few of -which I am enabled to enumerate: - - 1. A Proper New Ballad to the Tune of 'Weep, Weep,' by Thomas Deloney, - beginning: - - "Rejoice in hart, good people all, - Sing praise to God on hye, - Which hath preserved us by his power, - From traitors tyranny." - - Reprinted in Mr. Collier's Old Ballads (Percy Society, No. 1.). - - 2. "A Ballad of Rejoycinge for the Revealinge of the Quenes Enemyes. - Licensed to Edward Alde, August 24, 1586-7." - - 3. "A Joyfull Songe made by a Citizen of London in the Behalfe of all - her Majesties Subjects, touching the Joye for the taking of the - Traitors. Licensed to R. Jones, August 27, 1586-7." - - 4. "A Short Discourse, expressing the Substance of all the late - intended Treasons against the Queenes Majestie and Estates of this - Realme by Sundrie Traytors, &c. Printed by G. Robinson for Edward - White." - -This tract contains an interesting ballad by T. Nelson, whom Mr. Collier -calls "the ballad-writing bookseller." See _Extracts from the Stationers' -Registers_, vol. ii. p. 214. A copy is preserved in the library of Lambeth -Palace. - -EDWARD F. RIMBAULT. - -_Seventh Son_ (Vol. iii. pp. 148. 149.; Vol. v., p. 412.).--Through the -information of a friend I awn able to add a curious "modern instance" to my -communication printed in the Number of "N. & Q." for May 1. In Saltash -Street, Plymouth, my friend copied, on the 10th Dec. 1851, the following -inscription on a board, indicating the profession and claims of the -inhabitant:-- - -"A. SHEPHERD, - -THE THIRD SEVENTH DAUGHTER, - -DOCTRESS." - -H. G. T. - -Weston-super-Mare. - -"_Venit ad Euphratem_" (Vol. v., p. 512.).--The epigram referred to by your -correspondent H. M. runs thus: - - "Venit ad Euphratem; rapidis perterritus undis, - Ut cito transivit, corripuit medium." - -S. Q. - -_Sneezing_ (Vol. v., pp. 364. 500.).--I have often seen, but where I cannot -now recollect, that the custom of saying "God bless you!" when any one -{573} sneezed, arose from the fact that in the great plague of Athens -sneezing was an unfailing proof of returning convalescence. Your classical -readers will remember the anecdote told in the _Anabasis_ of Xenophon (c. -ii. sect. i.-v.). I copy from Mitford, who has besides a note to the -purpose: - - "At daybreak the troops were assembled, and Chirosophus, Cleanor, and - Xenophon successively addressed them. An accident, in itself even - ridiculous, assisted not a little, through the importance attributed to - it by Grecian superstition, to infuse encouragement. Xenophon was - speaking of that favour from the gods which a righteous cause entitled - them to hope for against a perjured enemy, when somebody _sneezed_. - Immediately the general voice addressed ejaculations to protecting - Jupiter, whose omen it was supposed to be. A sacrifice to the god was - then proposed; a universal shout declared approbation; and the whole - army, in one chorus, sang the Paean."--_History of Greece_, vol. v. p. - 185. cap. xxiii. sect. iv.: Lond. 1835, 8vo. - -We must not, however, forget that when Elisha restored the Shunamite's son -to life-- - - "The child _sneezed_ seven times, and the child opened his eyes."--_2 - Kings_, iv. 35. - -RT. - -_Rents of Assize_ (Vol. v., p. 188.).--Has not J. G. misquoted? Is not the -line-- - - "Regis ad exemplar, totus componitur orbis." - -J. E. - -Rochester. - -_Fire unknown_ (Vol. iv., pp. 209. 283. 331.).--In _An Account of the -Native Africans of Sierra Leone_, by T. M. Winterbottom: Lond. 1803, 2 -vols., occurs the following note to vol. i. p. 75.:-- - - "It is said that the inhabitants of the Marian or Ladrone islands were - ignorant of the use of fire before they were visited by the Spaniards; - but even then they were acquainted with the mode of producing - intoxication by means of the wine of the cocoa-nut tree." - -ZEUS. - -_Newtonian System_ (Vol. v., p. 490.).--The author of the pamphlet entitled -_The Theology and Philosophy of Cicero's Somnium Scipionis explained_, -London, 1751, 8vo., was Bishop Horne. He wrote it before he had attained -majority, and many attacks were made upon it. It is not included in the -edition of his collected works in 6 vols. 8vo. 1809. Bishop Warburton, who -cordially disliked the Hutchinsonians, or, as he styled them, the English -Cocceians, mentions this tract in his _Letters to Bishop Hurd_: - - "There is one book, and that no large one, which I would recommend to - your perusal; it is called _The Theology and Philosophy of Cicero's - Somn. Scip. examined_. It is indeed the ne plus ultra of - Hutchinsonianism. In this twelve-penny pamphlet Newton is proved an - atheist and a blockhead. And what would you more?"--Warburton's - _Letters to Hurd_, edit. 1808, 4to. p. 63. - -The anecdote as to Newton, Locke, and Lord Pembroke, p. 27., was first told -by Whiston, whose character for accuracy does not stand high, particularly -when Sir I. Newton, against whom he bore a grudge, is concerned. - -JAS. CROSSLEY. - -_Newton, Cicero, and Gravitation_ (Vol. v., p. 344.).--Newton is celebrated -for having proved that all bodies attract one another with a force varying -inversely as the square of the distance. What resemblance has this to a -statement, that all bodies gravitate to the centre of the world, or, as -explained by Cicero, the earth? which at most only implies its rotundity. -Perhaps S. E. B. was joking, like Hegel, when he said that Newton called -5/A^2 gravitation, and inferred that gravitation varied as 1/A^2. Otherwise -modern philosophers, as _e.g._ Kepler, would have supplied much nearer -approximations to Newton's law. - -ALTRON. - -_Rhymes on the Names of Places_ (Vol. v., p. 404.).--I remember hearing the -following verse in the neighbourhood of Nottingham: - - "Eaton and Taton, and Bramcote o' th' hill, - Beggarly Beeston, and lousy Chilwell; - Waterside Wilford, hey little Lenton! - Ho fine Nottingham! Colwick and Snenton." - -The villages whose names occur are all within a few miles of Nottingham. - -The following rhyme I have also heard: - - "Derbyshire born and Derbyshire bred, - Strong i' th' arm and weak i' the head." - -R. C. C. - -Oxon. - -_Saint Wilfrid's Needle_ (Vol. v., p. 510.), where, according to Burton, -"they used to try maids whether they were honest," is not, as B. B. -supposes, a stone, but a narrow passage in the crypt beneath the central -tower of Ripon Minster. This crypt is of Saxon workmanship, and is probably -either a part of the original church built by Saint Wilfrid, or "the new -work," which, according to Leland-- - - "Odo, Archebishop of Cantewarbyri ... causid to be edified, wher the - Minstre now is." - -This passage is said to have been used as a place of ordeal through which -maidens of suspected honesty were caused to pass,--a feat which none but a -virgin could accomplish. - -K. P. D. E. - -_"Measure for Measure," Act I. Sc. 1._ (Vol. v., p. 535.).--I should be -sorry to cast a cloud over the _satisfactory_ elucidation which A. E. B. -flatters himself he has made of a passage in _Measure for Measure_, for, if -not convincing, it is unquestionably ingenious. I am afraid, however, there -is one fatal objection, of which, when pointed out, I {574} doubt not your -correspondent will see the force. He says, "the demonstrative pronoun -_that_, refers to _the commission_ which the Duke holds in his hand;" but -is this the language we in England use? Until the Duke presented the -commission,--the act indicated by the words "there is our -commission,"--there cannot indeed be much doubt that he held it in his -hand; and while he did so, he would as certainly have said _this_, as I -speak of _this_ pen with which I write. - -Your correspondent challenges comment in assuming that his explanation was -satisfactory enough to preclude all correction. At the same time I must -confess I am altogether sceptical with regard to Mr. Halliwell's _verb_. -As, however, he has excited our curiosity, he will doubtless not object to -satisfy it. MR. SINGER's suggestion seems to me worthy of consideration; -but, after all, I feel that there is a degree of incoherency in the -passage, and so unsatisfactory a connexion between the words "and let them -work" and that which precedes, that I cannot help recurring to the idea -that a line has been lost,--an accident of not very uncommon occurrence. - -SAMUEL HICKSON. - -St. John's Wood. - -_"Stunt with false care," &c._ (Vol. v., p. 538.).--The lines alluded to, -though the first of them is incorrectly quoted, are from George Cox's -brilliant satire, _Black Gowns and Red Coats; or, Oxford in 1834_, -respecting which some information was recently furnished by your -correspondents S. F. C. (Vol. v., p. 297.) and C. W. B. (Vol. v., p. 332.) -in reply. The work is perhaps sufficiently scarce to warrant the citation -of the whole passage, which occurs at the commencement of Part V.: - - "When Philip's son, in all a monarch's pride, - With tempting boons approach'd the barrel's side, - Full in the sun his glitt'ring trains display'd, - And sought to cumber with officious aid, - The Cynic sneer'd, and only begg'd in spite - The free enjoyment of the beams of light. - Such were the humble prayer, the meek request - That Oxford's sons might ask their tyrants best; - The full out-pouring on their blinded youth - Of Nature's sunbeams, and the light of truth, - Rest from the burking systems of the sect, - Who kill with care more fatal than neglect, - Who twist with force unnatural aside - The straight young branches in their heaven-ward pride, - _With culture spoil_ what else would flourish wild, - And rock the cradle till they bruise the child." - -The poem in question, which is equal in talent to anything that has -appeared since the days of Pope, was published by Ridgway in 1834, but is -now rarely to be met with, though I never heard of its being suppressed. - -G. T. D. - -_The Lines on Chaucer_ (Vol. v., p. 536.).--The lines about which ELIZA -inquires are not quoted by her quite correctly. They are by Mr. W. J. Fox, -and may be found in the little volume entitled _Hymns and Anthems_ -(published by Chas. Fox, 1845), used at the Unitarian Chapel in South -Place, Finsbury. No. CXXIII. begins thus: - - "Britain's first poet, - Famous old Chaucer, - Swan-like in dying, - Sang his last song, - When at his heart-strings - Death's hand was strong," &c. - -JAYDEE. - -_Will O' the Wisp_ (Vol. v., p. 511.).--Will O' the Wisp still lives by the -banks of Trent; but alas! his reign is almost over. Fifty years ago he -might be seen nightly dancing over bog and brake; but since the process of -warping has been discovered, which has made valuable property of what was -before a morass, nearly the whole of the commons between Gainsborough and -the Humber have been brought into cultivation, and the drainage consequent -thereon has nearly banished poor Will. - -Any person wishing to make his acquaintance would probably succeed, if he -were to pass a night next November on Brumby or Scotton common. - -K. P. D. E. - - * * * * * - - -Miscellaneous. - -NOTES ON BOOKS, ETC. - -A late eminent scholar was in the habit of advising his friends, when in -doubt which of two books to buy: "If one of them is a Dictionary, always -buy the Dictionary:"--and the noble library which he bequeathed to the -public shows that he himself always acted upon this principle. What he said -of Dictionaries generally, will apply with particular force to the very -admirable _Dictionary of Science, Literature, and Art; comprising the -History, Description, and Scientific Principles of every Branch of Human -Knowledge, with the Derivation and Definition of all the Terms in General -Use_, edited by Professor Brande and Dr. Cauvin, with the assistance of -many eminent literary and scientific gentlemen, of which the second edition -is now before us. Our impression on opening it was, that NOTES & QUERIES -would find its occupation gone: and, although it is obvious that such -cannot be the case, we feel sure that if all Querists upon ordinary -subjects would turn to this excellent compendium of general information -before transmitting to us many such inquiries as we now receive, they would -at once be put in possession of the information of which they are in -search; and we should be spared a very considerable amount of labour. The -object which the proprietors proposed to themselves in the one closely -printed volume of which the {575} book consists, has been to supply the -place of those large Encyclopaedias and Dictionaries of modern times which -are either too voluminous or too special for ready reference and general -use; and to produce, in a form which should admit of its being carried -about, a work which, without entering into long details of theories, &c., -should exhibit an _abstract of the principles of every branch of knowledge, -and a definition and explanation of the various terms in Science, -Literature, and Art_, which occur in reading or conversation, with that -facility of reference and precision of statement which ought to be the -distinguishing features of a useful Dictionary. Thanks to the knowledge and -good judgment of the editors and their assistants, this object has been so -successfully accomplished, that Brande's _Dictionary of Science, -Literature, and Art_, may be pronounced as at once a valuable substitute -for a small library, and an indispensable accompaniment and key to a large -one. - -The new volume (the sixth), which has just been issued, of Messrs. -Rivington's handsome edition of _The Works and Correspondence of the Right -Honourable Edmund Burke_, is one of peculiar interest, inasmuch as in -addition to his Tracts on the Laws against Popery in Ireland, and his -Reports of the House of Commons on the affairs of the East India Company, -and the Charges against Warren Hastings, it contains his Hints for an Essay -on the Drama, and the Essay towards an Abridgment of the English History in -Three Books. - - * * * * * - -BOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES - -WANTED TO PURCHASE. - -A NARRATIVE OF THE PROCEEDINGS IN THE DOUGLAS CAUSE. London, Griffin, 8vo. -1767. - -CLARE'S POEMS. Fcap. 8vo. Last edition. - -POETIC WREATH. 8vo. Newman. - -MALLET'S ELVIRA. - -MAGNA CHARTA; a Sermon at the Funeral of Lady Farewell, by George Newton. -London, 1661. - -BOOTHBY'S SORROWS SACRED TO THE MEMORY OF PENELOPE. Cadell and Davies. -1796. - -CHAUCER'S POEMS. Vol. I. Aldine Edition. - -BIBLIA SACRA, Vulg. Edit., cum Commentar. Menochii. Alost and Ghent, 1826. -Vol I. - -BARANTE, DUCS DE BOURGOGNE. Vols. I. and II. 1st, 2nd, or 3rd Edit. Paris. -Ladvocat. 1825. - -BIOGRAPHIA AMERICANA, by a Gentleman of Philadelphia. - -POTGIESERI DE CONDITIONE SERVORUM APUD GERMANOS. 8vo. Col. Agrip. - -THE BRITISH POETS. Whittingham's edition in 100 Vols., with plates. - -REPOSITORY OF PATENTS AND INVENTIONS. Vol. XLV. 2nd Series. 1824. - ------------------------- Vol. V. 3rd Series. 1827. - -NICHOLSON'S PHILOSOPHICAL JOURNAL. Vols. XIV. XV. 1806. - -JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL INSTITUTION OF GREAT BRITAIN. No. XI. 2nd Series. - -WORKS OF ISAAC BARROW, D.D., late Master of Trinity College, Cambridge. -London, 1683. Vol. I. Folio. - -LINGARD'S HISTORY OF ENGLAND. Vols. VI. VII. VIII. IX. XII. XIII., cloth. - -FABRICII BIBLIOTHECA LATINA. Ed. Ernesti. Leipsig, 1773. Vol. III. - -THE ANACALYPSIS. By Godfrey Higgins. 2 Vols. 4to. - -CODEX DIPLOMATICUS AEVI SAXONICI, opera J. M. Kemble. Vols. I. and II. 8vo. - -ECKHEL, DOCTRINA NUMORUM. Vol. VIII. - -BROUGHAM'S MEN OF LETTERS. 2nd Series, royal 8vo., boards. Original -edition. - -KNIGHT'S PICTORIAL SHAKSPEARE. Royal 8vo. Parts XLII. XLIII. XLIV. L. and -LI. - -CONDER'S ANALYTICAL VIEW OF ALL RELIGIONS. 8vo. - -HALLIWELL ON THE DIALECTS OF SOMERSETSHIRE. - -SCLOPETARIA, or REMARKS ON RIFLES, &c. - -THE COMEDIES OF SHADWELL may be had on application to the Publisher of "N. -& Q." - -*** Letters, stating particulars and lowest price, _carriage free_, to be -sent to MR. BELL, Publisher of "NOTES AND QUERIES," 186. Fleet Street. - - * * * * * - -Notices to Correspondents. - -REPLIES RECEIVED.--_The Amber Witch--The Moon and her Influences--Gilbert -de Clare--Edmund Bohun--Mr. Miller of Craigentinny--Passage in "Measure for -Measure"--Fides Carbonarii--Oasis--Lord Bacon a Poet--Burials in -Woollen--Gabriel Hounds--Ben Jonson's adopted Sons--Market Crosses--Large -Families--The Death Watch--Baxter's Shove--Tortoise-shell Tom -Cats--Tregonwell Frampton--John Roger the Protomartyr--Epigram on the -Euphrates--Titles of the Queen of England--Gospel of the Distaffs--The -Number Seven--After me the Deluge--Restiff--Seven Senses--Mummy -Wheat--Lines on Woman--St. Wilfrid's Needle--Will o' the Wisp--Cross -Neytz--Surnames--Curse of Scotland--Lines on Crawford of Kilbirnie--The -Empress Josephine--Stunt with false Care--Lines on Burning of the Houses of -Parliament--Hoax on Sir Walter Scott--Amyciae--Reason and -Understanding--Shakspeare's Seal--St. Patrick--Mistletoe--Nacar--The Oak -and the Ash--Toady or Toadeater--Sun Dial Motto--Frebord--Rhymes on -Places--Addison and Maxwell--King Arthur--Rabbit as a Symbol--St. -Christopher and the Doree--Smyth's MSS.--Term Milesian--Spanish Vessels -wrecked on Coast of Ireland._ - -_We are this week obliged by want of space to omit many interesting -Articles, Notes, and Replies to Correspondents._ - -W. K. (Leicester) _is thanked for his very kind offer, which we gladly -accept_. - -C. B. A. _shall receive early attention_. - -_Neat Cases for holding the Numbers of_ "N. & Q." _until the completion of -each Volume are now ready, price 1s. 6d., and may be had by order of all -booksellers and newsmen_. - -"NOTES AND QUERIES" _is published at noon on Friday, so that the Country -booksellers may receive Copies in that night's parcels and deliver them to -their Subscribers on the Saturday_. - - * * * * * - -MOURNING.--COURT, FAMILY, and COMPLIMENTARY.--The Proprietor of THE LONDON -GENERAL MOURNING WAREHOUSE begs respectfully to remind families whose -bereavements compel them to adopt Mourning Attire, that every article of -the very best description, requisite for a complete outfit of Mourning, may -be had at this Establishment at a moment's notice. - -ESTIMATES FOR SERVANTS' MOURNING, affording a great saving to families, are -furnished; whilst the habitual attendance of experienced assistants -(including dressmakers and milliners), enables them to suggest or supply -every necessary for the occasion, and suited to any grade or condition of -the community. 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