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diff --git a/42039-0.txt b/42039-0.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..2317b64 --- /dev/null +++ b/42039-0.txt @@ -0,0 +1,3014 @@ +*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK 42039 *** + +{553} + +NOTES AND QUERIES: + +A MEDIUM OF INTER-COMMUNICATION FOR LITERARY MEN, ARTISTS, ANTIQUARIES, +GENEALOGISTS, ETC. + +"When found, make a note of."--CAPTAIN CUTTLE. + + * * * * * + + +Vol. V.--No. 137.] +SATURDAY, JUNE 12. 1852 +[Price Fourpence. Stamped Edition 5d. + + * * * * * + + +CONTENTS. + + NOTES:-- Page + John Goodwin's Six Booksellers' Proctor nonsuited, by + James Crossley 553 + + Mr. Collier's Folio Shakspeare: A Passage in "As You Like + It," by Samuel Hickson 554 + + Notes on Books, No. III.--Laurence Humphrey, President of + Magdalen College, Oxford, and Dean of Winchester, by + S. W. Singer 554 + + Scoto-Gallicisms 555 + + On a Passage in "Cymbeline," Act IV. Sc. 2., by + S. W. Singer 556 + + Old Concert Bill, by Dr. E. F. Rimbault 556 + + Minor Notes:--Note for Mr. Worsaae--Singular Epitaph- + -Largesse--Brogue and Fetch--Taibhse--Derivation of + "Caul"--"Pandecte," an entire Copy of the Bible 557 + + QUERIES:-- + + Boy Bishop at Eton 557 + + "Speculum Christianorum multa bona continens," + W. Sparrow Simpson 558 + + Massacre of the Welsh Bards 558 + + Minor Queries:--Portrait of William Combe--"Quod non + fecerunt barbari," &c.--Lines on English History-- + Windows--Angel-beast; Cleek; Longtriloo--Royal Arms in + Churches--"Cease, rude Boreas"--Pictorial Proverbs-- + Inscription on George Inn, Wansted--Learned Man + referred to by Rogers--Mormonism and Spalding's + Romance--Carrs or Calves--Stoup--Casper Ziegler and + the Diaconate--Inscription at Persepolis--"I do not + know what the truth may be"--Twittens--Clapper Gate-- + Jemmy--Muffs worn by Gentlemen 558 + + REPLIES:-- + + St. Patrick, by D. Rock, &c. 561 + + Nashe's "Terrors of the Night" 562 + + Serjeant's Rings 563 + + The Old Countess of Desmond 564 + + A few Things about Richard Baxter, by Cuthbert Bede 565 + + St. Botulph 566 + + Sir Richard Pole, the Father of Cardinal Pole 567 + + Proclamations to prohibit the Use of Coal, by F. Somner + Merryweather 568 + + Ralph Winterton 569 + + Replies to Minor Queries:--Family of Bullen--Wallington's + Journal--The Amber Witch--Twyford--The Ring Finger-- + Brass of Lady Gore--Gospel Trees--"Who from the dark + and doubtful love to run"--Son of the Conqueror; Walter + Tyrrel--Sir Gilbert Gerrard--Fides Carbonarii--Line on + Franklin--Meaning of Royd as an Addition to Yorkshire + Names--Binnacle--Plague Stones--Ramasshed--Yankee + Doodle--"Chords that vibrate," &c.--Derivation of + Martinique--Anthony Babington, &c. 569 + + MISCELLANEOUS:-- + + Notes on Books, &c. 574 + + Books and Odd Volumes wanted 575 + + Notices to Correspondents 575 + + Advertisements 575 + + * * * * * + + +Notes. + +JOHN GOODWIN'S SIX BOOKSELLERS' PROCTOR NONSUITED. + +The London booksellers of the present day (good harmless men!) are +satisfied with endeavouring to put down heresies as to discounts. Their +predecessors, in the year 1655, set to work in good earnest, associated to +purify the faith by denouncing in an Index expurgatorius, under the +alarming titles of _A Beacon set on Fire_, and _A Second Beacon set on +Fire_, all publications of a blasphemous, heretical, or improper kind. Six +booksellers, viz. Luke Fawne, Samuel Gellibrand, Joshua Kirton, John +Rothwell, Thomas Underhill, and Nathaniel Webb, took the lead on the +occasion; and the battle waxed hot and fierce between them and the +apologists of the books condemned. Amongst the latter was the famous John +Goodwin, whose part in the controversy Mr. Jackson, in his elaborate Life +of him, has adverted to, and has noticed his pamphlet entitled _The High +Presbyterian Spirit_, written in answer to the _Second Beacon Fired_. John +Goodwin, however, published a second pamphlet in the same controversy, +neither noticed by Mr. Jackson, nor any one else that I am aware of, in +which he finishes up his first charge upon the unfortunate booksellers, and +lays on them with a vigour and determination that it does one good to see +so well bestowed, scattering their arguments and quotations to the winds, +and sending them back to their proper occupation of printing and +publishing, instead of clipping and suppressing. The title of this very +rare pamphlet, which is to be found in vol. xviii. of a collection of +tracts (between 1640 and 1660) in ninety-six vols. 4to., made by President +Bradshaw, and containing many of his MS. notes and observations now in my +possession, is as follows: + + "Six Booksellers' Proctor Nonsuited, wherein the gross Falsifications + and Untruths, together with the inconsiderate and weak Passages found + in the Apologie for the said Booksellers, are briefly noted and + evicted. And the said Booksellers proved so unworthy both in their + Second Beacon Fired, and likewise in their Epistle written in Defence + of it, that they are out of the Protection of any Christian or + reasonable Apologie for either. By J. G., a Minister of the Gospel of + {554} Jesus Christ. London printed for H. Cripps and L. Lloyd, 1655, + 4to., pages 23." + +I might give an extract or two from this very interesting tract, but do not +wish to trespass too much upon your space. Perhaps, next to Milton, there +is no writer of the time of the Commonwealth equal to John Goodwin, in +power and elevation of composition; and I am glad therefore to be able to +add one more to the series of his pamphlets which his biographer has with +so much industry and research enumerated at the close of the Life. + +JAS. CROSSLEY. + + * * * * * + +MR. COLLIER'S FOLIO SHAKSPEARE: A PASSAGE IN "AS YOU LIKE IT." + +It appears to me so obvious that the degree of authority to be conceded to +each particular correction or emendation in Mr. Collier's folio Shakspeare +must depend in a great measure on the general character of the proposed +alterations throughout the work, that I cannot help thinking it would be +desirable to reserve all controversy on such points until after the +appearance of the promised volume. Such a resolution I made for myself, and +to it I shall religiously adhere. This much only I shall say, that, of the +specimens given by Mr. Collier in the _Athenæum_,--sufficient at once to +excite interest and to gratify curiosity,--some of the corrections appear +to be of that nature that no conjecture could have supplied, while all are +good enough to command a deferential consideration. + +Your correspondent A. E. B. has attempted a defence of the original reading +of two passages amended in Mr. Collier's folio. For the reason above given +I shall neither answer your correspondent, nor even say whether I think him +right or wrong; but it will not be overstepping the bounds I have +prescribed myself, if I take up a collateral point he has raised in +reference to one of these passages. To strengthen the case for the reading +of the passage in _Cymbeline_, Act III. Sc. 4., "Whose mother was her +painting," he cites a passage from _As You Like It_, Act III. Sc. 5., in +which he says, "_mother_ is directly used as a sort of warranty of female +beauty!" Here is the passage: + + "Who might be your mother, + That you insult, exult, and all at once, + Over the wretched?" + +Shakspeare was, if I am not mistaken, one of those persons to whom a +_mother_ was, as some one expresses it, "the holiest thing alive." He +concentrates this sentiment in the words of Troilus (_Troilus and +Cressida_, Act V. Sc. 2.): + + "Let it not be believ'd for womanhood: + Think we had mothers." + +And again, in those of Palamon (which I have no doubt are Shakspeare's) in +the _Two Noble Kinsmen_, Act V. Sc. 1.: + + "I have been harsh + To large confessors, and have hotly ask'd them + If they had mothers? I had one, a woman, + And women t'were they wrong'd." + +Now it seems to me that the same feeling is implied in Rosalind's reproof +to Phebe; and that there is no ground whatever for saying that _mother_ is +used as a warranty for _female beauty_, but rather as one for feminine +qualities. Rosalind in effect says, "who might your mother be that you +should be so unfeeling?" And, as she tells her plainly she sees no beauty +in her, it is clearly to be inferred that it must have been for some other +quality that her mother was to be "warranty." Rosalind, in other words, +might have said, "Had you a mother, a woman, that you can so discredit the +character of womanhood as to exult, insult and all at once, over the +wretched?" + +It might however be contended, that Rosalind's question referred to the +rank, condition, or personal appearance of the mother. The latter only +bears upon this question; and with regard to that it may be said, that if +beauty had been transmitted to the daughter (independently of the +questioner having decided _that_ it had not), the question was not needed. +Rosalind, in short, seeks for a better cause for Phebe's pride or want of +feeling than her own insufficient attractions, in the nature or quality of +her mother. It will be observed that, in this view, I have conceded that +_who_ may be taken with something of the signification of _what_; but the +answer to the question, taken strictly, must be the name of some individual +who might be known to the Querist, and be in some measure a warranty for +the disposition of the daughter, though for no personal beauty but her own. + +SAMUEL HICKSON. + + * * * * * + +NOTES ON BOOKS, NO. III.--LAURENCE HUMPHREY, PRESIDENT OF MAGDALEN COLLEGE, +OXFORD, AND DEAN OF WINCHESTER. + +In the year 1558 a handsome volume was printed at Basle, in folio in Greek, +by Jerome Frobenius and Nicholas Episcopius, with the following title: + + "[Greek: KERAS AMALTHEIAS, Ê ÔKEANOS. TÔN EXÊGÊSEÔN ÔMÊRIKÔN, ek tôn + tou Eustatheiou parekbolôn sunêrmosmenôn]--_i.e._ Copiæ Cornu sive + Oceanus Enarrationum Homericarum, ex Eustathii in eundem commentariis + concinnatarum, Hadriano Junio autore." + +To an Oxford man, independent of its merit as a compendium of the prolix +comment of Eustathius, this volume should be especially interesting, on +account of the prefatory dissertation "Ad {555} Magdalinenses," entitled +_De Græcis Literis et Homeri Lectione et Imitatione_, by Laurence Humphrey. +This worthy was sometime Greek reader in the university, but went abroad on +account of religion at the accession of Queen Mary, and did not return +until happier times after her death. He seems to have been living at Basle +with Frobenius and Episcopius _in honestissimo loco_, but he could not +avoid often thinking of his native land,--of Newport-Pagnell in Bucks, +where he was born,--of Cambridge, where he received the rudiments of Latin +and Greek,--but more especially of Oxford, where he completed his +education. His feeling panegyric of his Alma Mater, shows him to have been +at least one of her grateful sons. The dissertation is highly creditable to +him, considering the period at which it was written; and the passage in +which he gives an account of the work is not devoid of interest. + + "For the rest we give not Homer alone, but the Expositor Eustathius is + subjoined. Yet not entire but reduced into a compendium by a man of + untiring labour and noble learning--Hadrian Junius, not unknown to + you,--for he lived some time in England, dedicated his Greek Lexicon to + our royal Edward the Sixth, and has since published the _Annals of + Queen Mary_, his _Animadversiones_, and _Centuries Adagiorum_, which + issued from the press of Frobenius: he also effected this good work. + Therefore although I had rather have the whole of Eustathius than the + half, and to say the truth Epitomies never pleased me, yet because this + author is prolix, and difficult to meet with, this perfect compendium + of such an estimable work (which seems to me to be the best + interpreter, poetical-elucidator, Greek lexicon, and onomasticon), will + be useful to any one. I recommend, then, our Eustathio-Junian Homer to + you." + +In 1560 Laurence Humphrey seems to have been still at Basle; for in that +year he printed at the press of Oporinus, in 12mo., a work which he +dedicates to Queen Elizabeth, entitled _Optimates, sive de Nobilitate, +ejusque Antiqua Origine, Natura, Officiis, disciplina, et recta Christiana +Institutione_; at the end of which he printed the argument of Philo-Judæus, +[Greek: peri eugeneias], with a Latin version. This found favour in the +eyes of an English translator, and it was printed at London by Thomas +Marshe in 1563, 16mo., under the following title:-- + + "The Nobles, or of Nobilitye. The original, duties, ryght, and + Christian Institucion thereof, in three Bookes. Fyrste eloquentlye + written in Latine by Laurence Humphrey, D. of Divinity and Presidente + of Magdaleine College in Oxforde, lately Englished. Whereto, for the + reader's commoditye and matters affinitye, is coupled the small + treatyse of Philo a Jewe. By the same Author out of Greek Latined, now + also Englished." + +Antony à Wood gives a list of the writings of Laurence Humphrey, among +which is a life of Bishop Jewell in Latin: he also speaks highly of his +scholarship and proficiency in theology. After his return from abroad he +became Regius Professor of Divinity at Oxford, and President of his +college. In 1570 he was made Dean of Gloucester, and ten years afterward +Dean of Winchester. His divinity was strongly tinctured with Calvinism, but +he was a zealous and able defender of the Reformation. His death occurred +in 1589-90. + +S. W. SINGER. + + * * * * * + +SCOTO-GALLICISMS. + +The following list of Scottish words derived from the French language is +chiefly taken from the pages of the _Scottish Journal_, a small weekly +periodical, published at Edinburgh, which came to a conclusion, after +rather less than a year's existence, in the summer of 1848. It is generally +supposed that most of these words were introduced during the time of Queen +Mary's minority, when French troops were sent to Scotland; but the first +appearance of some of them may unquestionably be referred to an earlier +period. Perhaps some of the readers of "N. & Q." may be able to communicate +other examples, which, however, as a reference to Jamieson's _Scottish +Dictionary_ will show, are by no means very numerous. + + _Aschet._ A large flat plate for meat. Fr. Assiette, a trencher plate. + + _Aumrie_ or _Almerie_. A cupboard; also, a place in churches and + monasteries where the sacred vessels and alms were deposited. + (_Dunbar._) Fr. Armoire, aumonerie. + + _Braw_ or _Bra'_. Fine, handsome, gaily dressed. (_Burns._) Fr. Brave. + + _Bonaillie._ A parting glass with a friend going a journey. + (_Wallace._) Fr. Bon allez. + + _Butterie Bejan_ (or _Bajan_). A term applied to a "freshman," or + student of the first year, at the Universities of St. Andrews and + Aberdeen. Fr. Butor, a booby or clod; and Bejaune, a novice. (Lamont's + _Diary_, p. 114., note.) + + _Certie_, _Certy--By my._ By my troth. Fr. Certes, certainly. + + _Cummer_ or _Kimmer_. A gossip. (_Kelly._) Fr. Commère. + + _Dour._ Hard or obstinate. (_Douglas._) Fr. Dur. + + _Fasheous._ Troublesome. (_Baillie._) Fr. Facheux, facheuse. + + _Flunkie._ A livery servant. Old Fr. Flanchier; same signification as + henchman (haunchman). (_Quart. Rev._, vol. lxxix. p. 344.) + + _Fracaw._ Noise or uproar. Fr. Fracas. + + _Gardevine_ or _Gurdyveen_. A large bottle, and sometimes a celleret, + for holding wine. Fr. Garde-vin. + + _Gardyloo._ A cry formerly raised by servants in Edinburgh, when they + threw dirty water, &c. from the windows after ten at night. + (_Smollett._) Fr. Garde de l'eau. + + _Goo._ A particular taste or savour. Fr. Goût. + + {556} _Grange._ A granary, &c. (used also in English). Fr. Grange. + + _Grosert_, _Groser_, or _Groset_. A gooseberry. (_Burns._) Fr. + Groseille. + + _Gud-brither._ Brother-in-law. Fr. Bon-frère. + + _Haveril._ A simpleton, or April-fool. (_Burns._) Fr. Avril. + + _Jalouse--To._ To suspect. (_Antiquary._) Fr. Jalouse. + + _Jigot._ The hip-joint of lamb or mutton (used also in English). Fr. + Gigot. + + _Jupe._ A woman's mantle or pelisse. Fr. Jupe, a long coat. + + _Kickshaws._ A made-up dish. Fr. Quelque chose. + + _Multiplepoinding._ An action in Scottish law, somewhat similar to the + English bill of interpleader in Chancery. Fr. Multiplie-poindre. + + _Multure_ or _Mouter_. The fee for grinding grain. (_Douglas._) Fr. + Mouture. + + _Onding._ A heavy fall of rain or snow. Fr. Ondée(?). + + _Petticoat tails._ A species of cake baked with butter, sometimes + called "short-bread." (_Bride of Lammermoor._) Fr. Petits gatelles + (more correctly, gateaux). + + _Ruckle_ or _Rickle_. A heap or collection. Fr. Recueil. + + _Servite_ or _Servet_. A table napkin. (_Spalding._) Fr. Serviette. + + _Verity--Chair of._ A pulpit. Fr. La chaire de vérité. (Croker's + _Boswell's Johnson_, p. 513.) + + _Vizzie_, _Vizy_, or _Visie_. A scrutinising view, aim, or sight at the + muzzle of a gun. (_Bride of Lammermoor._) Fr. Visée, aim. + + _Wallees_ or _Valises_. Saddlebags. (_Godscroft._) Fr. Valise, a + portmanteau. + +E. N. + + * * * * * + +ON A PASSAGE IN "CYMBELINE," ACT IV. SC. 2. + +It is so usual with Malone and some other commentators on Shakspeare to +impute the errors of the printer to the poet, that we often find the most +glaring instances of false grammar, and anomalies of construction, laid to +his charge, and defended as the practice of the time; and as his own +practice! + +The following passage is an instance in point: + + "_Gui._ Why, he but sleeps; + If he be gone, he'll make his grave a bed; + With female fairies will his tomb be haunted, + And worms will not come to thee." + +Steevens with reason says: + + "This change from the second person to the third is so violent, that I + cannot help imputing it to the players, transcribers, or printers." + +He proposed to read _him_ for _thee_. Malone of course defends the +absurdity. We may, however, be assured that it is not attributable to the +poet. Whoever reads the passage with attention will perceive that the +allusion in the last line is not to Fidele, but to the fairies haunting his +tomb. It should be remembered that it was held that no noxious creatures +would be found where fairies resort. + +The compositor, as in other cases, mistook the word, probably written +"th[=e]," and printed "thee" for "them." + +Your correspondent MR. HALLIWELL having noticed my approval of the +emendation of a passage in _Coriolanus_, found in MR. COLLIER's copy of the +second folio, where "bosom multiplied" is happily corrected to "bissom +multitude," perhaps I may be permitted to say that I cannot subscribe to +his opinion, that "it is one of those alterations which no conjectural +ingenuity could have suggested." To me it appears that the steps are +obvious by which any intelligent reader of the poet might be led to make +the correction. The word which was mistaken by the printer for "bosome" +occurs in a previous scene of the play, where it is "beesome" in the +folios; and a recollection of this would naturally lead to the conjectured +emendation. Indeed the word appears to have been not unfrequently written +"beasom," as we find it in Huloet's _Dictionary_. The word "multitude" +would suggest itself to any attentive reader of the play, from its repeated +occurrence in the 3rd Scene of Act II.: and we must always suppose the +writer to have been intent upon correcting errata. The correction of +"infuite comming" to "infinite cunning," in _Measure for Measure_, is, in +my mind, an instance quite equal in "conjectural ingenuity;" and we know +that we owe it to that of the late Mr. Sidney Walker. + +I must candidly confess that the specimens of the corrections given by MR. +COLLIER in his first two communications to the _Athenæum_ gave me the same +dissatisfaction and apprehension that MR. HALLIWELL appears to have +entertained; but I do not draw the same inference that gentleman seems to +do, from the occurrence of this one truly happy conjectural emendation. It +is, however, sufficient to convey a favourable notion of the acuteness of +the writer of the emendatory notes, and nothing more. + +S. W. SINGER + + * * * * * + +OLD CONCERT BILL. + +The following curious bill (the original of which is in my possession) of a +benefit concert given by Signor Carbonelli, at Drury Lane Theatre, in 1722, +will enable us to form some opinion of the musical taste prevailing in +London in the first quarter of the eighteenth century: + + "DRURY LANE THEATRE. + _May 4._ + SIGNOR CARBONELLI'S CONCERT. + ACT I. + _A New Concerto_ for Two Trumpets, composed and + performed by Grano and others. + _A New Concerto_, by Albinoni, just brought over. + _Song_, Mrs. Barbier. + _Concerto_, composed by Signor Carbonelli. + {557} + + ACT II. + _A Concerto_, with Two Hautbois and Two Flutes, + composed by Dieupart. + _A Concerto_ on the Base Violin, by Pippo. + _Song_, Mrs. Barbier. + By desire, the _Eighth Concerto_ of Arcangelo Corelli. + + ACT III. + _Concerto_, by Carbonelli. + _Solo_ on the Arch-lute, by Signor Vebar. + _Song_, Mrs. Barbier. + _New Concerto_ on the Little Flute, composed by + Woodcock, and performed by Baston. + _Solo_, Signor Carbonelli. + _Finale._ _Concerto_ on Two Trumpets, by Grano and + others." + +I should mention, that Signor Carbonelli was a celebrated violin player, +and a favourite pupil of Corelli. He was brought over to this country by +his patron, the first Duke of Rutland. + +EDWARD F. RIMBAULT. + + * * * * * + + +Minor Notes. + +_Note for Mr. Worsaae._--At page 204. of _The Danes in England_, Mr. W. +says: + + "Towards Glasgow and Edinburgh the mountains are no longer called + 'fell' and 'rigg.'" + +The _Campsie Fells_, a fine range of hills within nine miles of Glasgow, +are an exception. These hills are never spoken of by the natives of the +strath except by the name of "fells" and the singularity of the name has +often been remarked to the writer of this note, especially by visitors to +the valley. Before being much acquainted with the deeds of the Vikings +(except in the _general_), he had come to the conclusion that the name +_must_ be Danish, from its similarity to "Fjeld," with which, in connexion +with "Fiords," he had become familiar at a very early period. + +BRUNO. + +_Singular Epitaph._--The following epitaph occurs in Braunston churchyard, +Northamptonshire: + + "To the Memory of WILLIAM BORROWS, Died 1703. + + "'Tis true I led a single life, + And Nare was married in my life, + For of that Seck (_sic_) I nare had none: + It is the Lord; his will be done." + +CRANMORE. + +_Largesse._--I heard this old word used the other day in Northamptonshire, +by a servant who was leaving his employer, and who called upon one of his +master's tradesmen to ask him for _largisse_, as he termed it. Certainly +the peasants have preserved and handed down to the present time a vast +number of old words, customs, and legends. It proves how much they owe to +oral tuition. + +A. B. + +_Brogue and Fetch._--There are a certain set of words which have become +naturalised in English, by those who speak it in Ireland; as, _amadan_, a +fool; _brogue_, a shoe (Ir. _brog_); _palaver_, fine speaking, soft talk +(Ir. _pi-labhradh_). These are all Irish words; but there are others which +are not English, and yet it is hard to make them out Irish. _Brogue_, +meaning a broad Irish accent, is an instance; _fetch_ is another: + + "In Ireland (says Mr. Banim) a _fetch_ is the supernatural _fac-simile_ + of some individual, which comes to assure to its original [or his + friend or relative] a happy longevity or immediate dissolution. If seen + in the morning, the one event is predicted; if in the evening, the + other." + +_Taibhse_ (pr. _thaivshe_) is the Irish word, and perhaps _fetch_ might be +derived from it by a sort of metathesis. + +EIRIONNACH. + +_Derivation of "Caul."_-- + + "Guianerius, cap. 36., _De Ægritud. Matr._, speaks of a silly, jealous + fellow, that, seeing his child new born, included in a _kell_ (meaning + a _caul_), thought sure a Franciscan, that used to come to his house, + was the father of it, it was so like the friar's _cowl_, and thereupon + threatened the friar to kill him!"--Burton's _Anatomy of Melancholy_, + part iii. sec. 3. + +By this may we judge that _caul_ and _cowl_ are cognate? _Coif_ (Martial.), +in Latin _Reticulum_; whence a lady's _reticule_. + +B. B. + +_"Pandecte," an entire Copy of the Bible._--Dr. Maitland, in his valuable +essays on the _Dark Ages_, has drawn attention to this use of the word +_Pandecte_, but was not at the time aware that it is so employed by any +writer before Alcuin (p. 194. n. 9. ed. 1844). It will be found, however, +in the following, extract from Bede's _Chronicon_ (in _Monument. Britan._, +p. 101. A). The historian is speaking of certain presents which his abbot, +Ceolfrith, was carrying with him on his pilgrimage to Rome, when death cut +it short at Langres: + + "Qui inter alia donaria quæ adferre disposuerat, misit ecclesiæ S. + Petri _pandectem_ a B. Hieronymo in Latinum ex Hebræo vel Græco fonte + translatum." + +C. H. + +St. Catharine's Hall, Cambridge. + + * * * * * + + +Queries. + +BOY BISHOP AT ETON. + +In Heywood's edition of the _Statutes of King's College, Cambridge, and +Eton College_ (Longman, 1850), a MS. is quoted under the title of +_Consuetudinarium vetus Scholæ Etoniensis_ (sic), Harl. MSS. 7044, p. 167. +From a MS. in Corpus Christi College, Cambridge. + +It is a sort of _Fasti Etonenses_, recording in somewhat quaint terms the +old customs which were then traditionary in the school. In the month of +November, according to this authority, "in die {558} Sti Hugonis Pontificis +solebat Etonæ fieri electio Episcopi Nihilensis, sed consuetudo obsolevit." + +Again, in the statutes as given by Mr. Heywood, p. 560., it is provided +that on the Feast of St. Nicholas, but "nullatenus in festo Sanctorum +Innocentium," the Episcopus puerorum Scholarium, who was to be elected from +among the boys every year for the purpose, might celebrate all the divine +offices except the "missæ secreta." + +Can you, or any of your correspondents, inform me-- + +1st. What is the date of the MS. in question, with any further particulars +of its history? + +2nd. What is "Pope St. Hugo's Day," and whether it was in any way connected +with the election of the boy bishop in other places as well as Eton? + +3rd. Whether any reason can be assigned why Holy Innocents Day, being that +on which the boy bishop was usually appointed, should have been expressly +excluded by the founder. + +L. C. B. + + * * * * * + +"¶ SPECULUM CHRISTIANORUM MULTA BONA CONTINENS." + +I have a small black-letter tract which bears the above title: I am +desirous of learning the author's name, and that of the printer, together +with the date and place of its production. It extends from signature A 1 to +G 8, and ends abruptly on the verso of G 8 without any colophon. On the +verso of the title page is a small woodcut representing the Holy Dove +hovering over the Virgin, who is surrounded by nine kneeling figures, all +under a depressed arch, supported by two pillars whose shafts have a kind +of chevron ornament worked on them, somewhat similar to the pillars of the +crypt of Canterbury Cathedral. Perhaps if I give the title-page of this +curious little tract in extenso, it will be more easily identified: + + "¶ Speculum Christianorum multa bona continens. Primo modo. + ¶ De preceptis dei + ¶ De septem vitiis captalibus + ¶ De septem virtutibus his contrariis + ¶ De octo tabulis: c[=u] quibusd[=a] o[=r]onib' deuotissimis + ¶ De modo se prepar[=a]di ad sacram[=e]tum eucharistie + ¶ De effectu sacramenti + ¶ De antichristo + ¶ Expositio o[=r]onis d[=u]ice: cum quod[=a] bona notabili + ¶ De Ramis. vii. vicior[=u] capitali[=u]: et eorum remediis + ¶ De contentu mundi: cum aliis notabilibus." + +It should be noted that this table of contents is by no means a fair +representative of the subjects on which the pamphlet treats. On the verso +of page E iii. is the following curious passage:-- + + "¶ Peccata britonum et causa depositionis eorum. Negligentia prelatorum + | rapina potent[=u] | cupiditas indic[=u] | rabies periuriorum | + inordinatus cultus vestimentorum: detestanda luxuria | omne pet[=m] + publicum & notorium clamat vindict[=a] ad deum. Sed precipue quattuor: + merces mercenarii, pct[=m] sodomiticum, homicidium, oppressio + innocenti[=u]. Heu heu heu quot clamores vindicte sunt nunc ante deum." + +This passage is introduced without any farther connexion with the subjects +under discussion, than the mere heading of the section gives it. Permit me +to trouble you with one more extract, before I leave my Query in the hands +of your readers: + + "¶ De duabus scalis: una dirigente ad celum: et altera ad infernum. + + ¶ Scala ad celum ¶ Scala ad infernum + Perseverantia bona Desperatio + Patientia in adversis Obstinentia in peccatis + Obedi[=e]tia in preceptis Furor in adversis + Patientia in vita Iniusticia facti + C[=o]tritio et c[=o]fessi pet[=i] Odi[=u] boni et dilectio pet[=i] + Cognito tui Ignorantia + Caritas Mal[=i]cia." + +On the recto of C vj. + +Any information which some of your bibliographical correspondents may give +concerning this little work, will be very acceptable. + +W. SPARROW SIMPSON, B.A. + + * * * * * + +MASSACRE OF THE WELSH BARDS. + +Barrington, in his _Observations upon the Statutes_, raises some historic +doubts whether that massacre of the Welsh bards, upon which Gray founded +his magnificent ode, actually occurred:-- + + "But", he says, "a manuscript history, written by Sir John Wynne of + Gwydir, authorises the supposed tradition of a massacre of the bards; + nor could the writer of that most admirable ode have made his bard so + warmly express, or his reader feel, the tyranny of Edward, if he had + not probably raised an indignation and fire in his own breast, and by + reading of other materials, which _I have not happened to meet with_." + +Has the question of this real or pretended massacre been raised, or proved +beyond doubt? + +As to Gray requiring "materials" for his fancy, poets even of inferior +genius contrive to weave a web out of airy nothings, and the liveliest +description by an old Cymric bard of the slaughters of the thirteenth +century, will not carry conviction of the truth of the narrative in the +nineteenth. + +H. T. H. + + * * * * * + + +Minor Queries. + +_Portrait of William Combe._--Lonsdale the portrait painter, in a letter +dated January, 1826, addressed to a friend of Combe whilst living, says: + + "I shall be much obliged if you will have the goodness to cause my + picture of the late Mr. Combe to be sent to me. Mr. C. borrowed the + picture of me to show to some friend, and kept it till his death." + +{559} + +Can any of the readers of "N. & Q." inform me in whose possession the +portrait now is, and whether any engraving of Combe's portrait from that or +any other picture is now to be obtained? + +E. T. + +_"Quod non fecerunt barbari," &c._--Who is the author of the epigram-- + + "Quod non fecerunt barbari, fecerunt Barbarini," + +which commemorates the destruction of the Coliseum at Rome, both by the +barbarians who overran Italy about the middle of the fifth century, and, at +a later period, by certain Popes of the family of the Barberini? + +HENRY H. BREEN. + +St. Lucia. + +_Lines on English History_ (Vol. iii., p. 168.; Vol. v., p. 405.).--I shall +be extremely obliged to MR. EDWARD CHARLTON to procure me, if he can, a +copy of the above lines, and forward them, through Mr. Bell, to + +AN ENGLISH MOTHER. + + [We should also be most glad to receive from any correspondent who can + supply it, the _Metrical and Logical History_, asked for by our + lamented correspondent MÆRIS, which commences-- + + "William and William, and Henry and Stephen, + And Henry the Second to make the First even." + ED.] + +_Windows._--It has been said that the dates of many houses may be +ascertained by a comparison of the regulations of the window-tax with the +windows. The tax occasioned a marked change of style by diminishing the +number of windows. Then ingenuity was exerted to effect evasions by bays, +bows, and double or treble windows. These again were successively met by +alterations in the law. Could any one be induced to let in some light upon +the subject by examining the acts of parliament, and illustrating the +result by reference to examples in London houses? + +C. T. + +_Angel-beast; Cleek; Longtriloo._--Can you, or any of your readers, inform +me what was the nature of the game at cards called _Angel-beast_, which was +in vogue in the seventeenth century? Also, the game of _Cleek_; can it be a +misprint of "Check?" Also, _Longtriloo_; is this an abbreviation of "Long +three card loo?" + +R. B. + +_Royal Arms in Churches._--What is the origin of the common practice of +putting up the royal arms in churches? + +E. M. + +Oxford. + +"_Cease, rude Boreas._"--Can any of your correspondents tell me why the +song, "Cease, rude Boreas," has been occasionally attributed to Falconer. I +remember seeing this song appended to an old edition of the _Shipwreck_, +with a prefatory remark stating that G. A. Stevens _could_ not have written +it, as the moral of the verses was of too high an order for him. +Occasionally the last stanza is omitted, on account of the sentiment being +somewhat questionable; though it cannot be denied that the feelings there +expressed are exactly those of a sailor. In a few copies another stanza of +a very different tendency is inserted in its place; and at times I have +seen the commencement of the third stanza altered thus: + + "Now all you at home in safety, + Shelter'd from the howling storm, + Tasting joys by heaven vouchsaf'd ye, + Of our state vain notions form." + +I should wish to obtain some information regarding the authors of these +alterations, and when they first took place. + +[Greek: Boreas]. + +_Pictorial Proverbs._--I have now lying open before me a small 12mo. book +(binding modern) containing sixty-seven old prints (averaging in size 5¾ by +3¾ inch), but wanting a title-page. The subjects appear to be in the shape +of pictorial proverbs; they are evidently very old, the distich before each +plate is in Latin, which is again written in old German. The views in each +background are places generally in Germany, and the names are written on +the plate itself. In _one only_ plate I discover the name "M. Merian, fe" +(Qy. Matts. Merian, or his daughter, of Frankfort?); and in some few others +the following mark, "[ST]." All the plates _seem_ done by the same person. + +If you can enlighten me as to the authorship of them, I shall feel much +obliged. + +H. S. S. + +_Inscription on George Inn, Wansted._--Will you kindly give me information +respecting the origin of the following inscription, which is affixed to the +side of the George Inn at Wansted?-- + + "In memory of y^e cherry pey, + As cost half a guiney. + y^e 17 of July, + That day we had good cheer, + I hope to see it maney a year. + 1752. DAVID JERSEY." + +W. H. B. + +_Learned Man referred to by Rogers._--Rogers, in his work on the +Thirty-nine Articles, published 1607, writes as follows:-- + + "A certain learned man (speaking of the religion here then professed, + and writing unto the lords of our late queen's council) doth say 'He' + (meaning the papist his adversary, who charged our church with discord, + and disagreements about matters of religion), 'he ought' (saith he) 'if + he had been able, to have brought out the public confession and + articles of faith, agreed in K. Edward's time; and have showed any in + England, that, professing the gospel, dissenteth from the same.'" + +I shall be much obliged to any of the readers of "N. & Q." who can inform +me who was this "certain learned man." + +C. C. C. C. + +Corp. Chr. Coll., Camb. + +{560} + +_Mormonism and Spalding's Romance._--The extraordinary spread of Mormonism +seems to stamp it as likely to prove a kind of second Mahometanism in the +world's history. Under these circumstances the origin of the _Book of +Mormon_ is of course a literary curiosity. In a clever pamphlet entitled +_Mormonism Exposed_, by John Bowes (E. Ward, 54. Paternoster Row, London), +at pp. 30, 31. an account of the history of the book of Mormon is given. +Mr. Bowes quotes from _Mormonism Unveiled_, by E. D. Hoare, to the effect +that a Mr. "John Spalding" affirms that his (now deceased) brother "Solomon +Spalding" had written "_an historical romance_ of the first settlers in +America, endeavoring to show that the American Indians are the descendants +of Jews, or the lost tribes. It gave a detailed account of their journey +from Jerusalem, by land and sea, till they arrived in America, under the +command of NEPHI and LEHI; he also mentions the Lamanites." Mr. J. +Spalding, it is said, on reading the _Book of Mormon_, "to his great +surprise," found "nearly the same historical matter, names, &c., as they +were in his brother's writings;" and further says "according to the best of +my recollection and belief, it is the same as my brother Solomon wrote, +with the exception of the religious matter." The latter is obviously taken +from the Bible, with alterations and additions _ad libitum_. + +Can any of your readers tell whether this romance of Solomon Spalding's was +ever published; or whether it is still in existence, and accessible for +reference, &c.? + +C. H. D. + +_Carrs or Calves._--In 1 Esdras v. 55. there occurs the word _carrs_. This +is found in all copies of the Bible to which I have access, except one +edited in the last century by a Mr. Butley, of Ch. Ch. Oxon, where _calves_ +is read, and a note given from Josephus apparently in support of it. I +should be glad to know whether there is any authority in the original for +this alteration. + +ERYX. + +_Stoup._--There is a holy-water stoup, in good preservation, on the +_exterior_ of the north wall (by the nave door) of the church of +Houghton-le-Spring, Durham. What other examples are there of _exterior_ +stoups? Their usual situation was _within_ either the porch or the church. + +CUTHBERT BEDE. + +_Casper Ziegler and the Diaconate._--There is a book in Latin with the +following title:--_Casparis Ziegleri de Diaconis et Diaconissis Veteris +Ecclesiæ Liber Commentarius._ Wittebergæ: Sumptibus Hæredum Jobi Wilhelmi +Fingelii. Anno 1678. + +What copies of this book are known to be extant? Would a translation of the +whole, or selected parts, be useful at the present time, when attention is +being called to the subject? + +What particulars are known about the life, religion, &c. of the author? At +the foot of the frontispiece are the following lines:-- + + "Omnis in hoc vultu vasti compendia juris, + Cæsarii, sacri, Saxonicique vides. + Non Divæ unius tam multum crede laborem, + Cujus vix umbram pingere possit homo." + +Can any one give me the meaning of the last two lines? or information as to +what other authors have treated on the subject of the Diaconate? + +W. H. + +_Inscription at Persepolis._--The following curious inscription I some +years ago made a note of by copying it, but neglected to mark whence I +obtained it. My extract stands thus-- + +_Arabic Inscription._ + + +----------+-----------+----------+------------+---------+--------------+ + | dicas | scis | dicit | scit | audit | expedit | + +----------+-----------+----------+------------+---------+--------------+ + | facias | potes | facit | potest | facit | credit | + +----------+-----------+----------+------------+---------+--------------+ + | credas | audis | credit | audit | credit | fieri potest | + +----------+-----------+----------+------------+---------+--------------+ + | expendas | habes | expendit | habet | petit | habet | + +----------+-----------+----------+------------+---------+--------------+ + | judices | vides | judicat | videt | judicat | est | + +----------+-----------+----------+------------+---------+--------------+ + | non | quodamque | nam qui | quodcunque | sæpe | quod non | + +----------+-----------+----------+------------+---------+--------------+ + +It is said this was found by Captain Barth, engraven on marble, among the +ruins of Persepolis, and by him translated from the Arabic into Latin and +English. + +Query, What does it all mean? + +THOMAS LAWRENCE. + +Ashby-de-la-Zouch. + +"_I do not know what the truth may be._"--Will some one tell me whence the +lines-- + + "I do not know how the truth may be; + I tell the tale as told to me"? + +W. T. M. + +Hong Kong. + +_Twittens._--Are not the narrow passages in Brighton so called? and what is +the meaning? + +A. C. + +_Clapper Gate._--Steps, with a gate above, into Bushy Park are so called; +what is the meaning? + +A. C. + +_Jemmy._--When and why was sheep's head baptized with the name "Jemmy?" +Does it apply to the entire sheep, or to the head only? I have heard of a +"James's head" as a refinement of "Jemmy's head," which would make it seem +as though the sheep was the "Jemmy." + +SHIRLEY HIBBERD. + +_Muffs worn by Gentlemen._--Whilst looking over Hogarth's works, I observed +in two plates a {561} male figure wearing a muff; in the "Rake's Progress," +pl. 4., and in the "Woman Swearing a Child." How long, and within what +limits, did this fashion flourish? + +W. SPARROW SIMPSON, B.A. + + * * * * * + + +Replies. + +ST. PATRICK. + +(Vol. v., p. 520.) + +Allowing himself to be led astray by such an untruthful guide as Ledwich, +your correspondent E. M. R. thinks that "there seems to be very great doubt +if St. Patrick ever existed in reality." Had E. M. R. sought for, he might +have found evidences of Ireland's apostle's existence beginning with the +very lifetime itself of that saint. 1st. We have a short work from St. +Patrick's own pen, the _Confessio_, which the best critics have allowed to +be genuine: it commences thus: "Ego Patricius peccator," &c. 2nd. A very +old hymn, shown by Dr. O'Conor to have been written c. A.D. 540 (_Prol. in +Rer. Hib. Vet. Script._, p. lxxxix.), tells us that: "Patricius prædicabat +Scotis." (_Ib._, p. xciii.). 3rd. The Irish monk Adamnan, who died A.D. +704, that is, almost a half century before our Beda, in his _Life of St. +Columba_, says: "Quidam proselytus Brito homo sanctus, sancti Patricii +episcopi discipulus," &c. (_AA. SS. Junii_, t. ii. p. 197.). 4th. In the +library of C. C. College, Cambridge, there is a MS. of the seventh century, +containing the early Irish canons: "Synodus episcoporum id est Patricii, +Auxillii, Issernini" (Nasmith's _Cat. C. C. C. C._, p. 318.). 5th. The +Antiphonal, once belonging to the Irish Bangor, but now in the Ambrosian +Library, Milan, a MS. of the end of the seventh or beginning of the eighth +century, and published by Muratori, has a "hymnum Sancti Patricii magistri +Scotorum" (Muratori, _Anecd._, t. iv. p. 89.). 6th. Cummian, writing about +the Pascal question to the Abbot of Hy, A.D. 634, says: "Primum (cyclum) +illum quem sanctus Patricius Papa noster tulit," &c. (_Vet. Epist. +Hibernicarum Syl._, ed. Usserio, p. 21.). 7th. In the very old Litanies, +once used, as it seems, by some church among the Britons living in this +island beyond the reach of Anglo-Saxon control, we find invoked St. +Patrick, along with SS. Brindane, Gildas, Paterne, Guinwaloc, Munna, +Tutwal, German, and other lights of the Irish, as well as our ancient +British church (ed. Mabillon, _Vet. Analect._, p. 168.). 8th. St. Gertrude, +Abbess of Nivelle, died on the 17th March, A.D. 658; the writer of her life +was her cotemporary, and he expressly mentions St. Patrick (_Vita S. +Gertrudis_, ed. Mabillon. _AA. SS. O. B._, t. ii. p. 447.). 9th. Our own +Beda _did_ insert St. Patrick's name in the Martyrology which he drew up +(ed. Smith, _Bedæ Hist. Eccl._, p. 351.); and another far-famed countryman +of ours, Alcuin, who, in some verses which he composed for being placed "Ad +aram SS. Patricii et aliorum Scotorum," says: + + "Patricius, Cheranus, Scotorum gloria gentis, + Atque Columbanus, Congallus, Adomnanus atque," &c. + _Opp._ ed. Frobenio, t. ii. p. 219. + +10th. A liturgical MS. in the British Museum, Nero, A, II. fo. 35. b., +which was first printed by Spelman, who calls it "codex vetustissimus" +(_Concil._, i. 176.), speaks of St. Patrick as "archiepiscopus in Scotiis +et Britanniis" (_Ib._, 177.). 11th. The celebrated monastery of St. Gall +(an Irish saint) still possesses the fragment of what was once a missal, +and written in the Irish character. This codex must have been older than +the ninth century, for it is set down "inter libros Scottice scriptos" in a +catalogue of the books belonging to that library, made in the ninth +century. Among the saints enumerated in the canon of the mass is Patrick +the bishop, "intercedentibus pro nobis beatis apostolis Petro et Paulo et +Patricio æpiscopo" (see the fragment in _Appendix A to Cooper's Report_, p. +95.). + +PYRRHO has had, and is likely always to have, followers in every age and +country: Hardouin would not allow that Virgil ever lived, but stoutly held +that the _Æneid_ was "a fardel of monkish fictions" put together during the +middle ages: not "the bigoted Anglo-Saxons" of the eighth, but Dr. Ledwich +of the eighteenth century, denied the existence of the great St. Patrick; a +few weeks ago a correspondent of "N. & Q." asked "Is not the battle itself +(of Waterloo) a myth?" (Vol. v., p. 396.); and last week, another tells us +that "the saint (Patrick) certainly vanishes into 'an airy nothing,' if we +are to credit the above authors" (Dr. Ledwich and Dr. Aikin). + +Who the Aikin may be, or what the work of his which E. M. R. has brought +forwards, I do not know; Ledwich's book now lies before me, and a more +prejudiced writer I have never met with. I think, however, that from the +above authorities it is clearly shown that, together with all the most +learned of early and modern times, we are still warranted in treating St. +Patrick "as a real actor in Irish ecclesiastical affairs." + +D. ROCK. + +Buckland. + +_Sir James Ware--St. Patrick's Birth-place_ (Vol. v., p. 520.)--Permit me +to correct your correspondent E. M. R., who, by a strange mistake, calls +Sir James Ware "a Roman Catholic writer." He was a zealous member of the +church of Ireland: E. M. R. will see a memoir of him in Harris's edition of +Ware's _Writers of Ireland_. + +With respect to the birth-place of St. Patrick, your correspondent may +consult Colgan's _Trias Thaumaturga, Append. quinta ad vitas S. Patricii_, +{562} cap. ii. p. 221. et seq.; also the Life of St. Patrick by Harris in +his edition of Ware's _Bishops of Ireland_; and Dr. Lanigan's +_Ecclesiastical History of Ireland_. + +Ledwich was entirely unacquainted with the sources of Irish history, and is +no authority. + +T. + +Trin. Coll. Dublin. + + * * * * * + +NASHE'S "TERRORS OF THE NIGHT." + +(Vol. v., p. 467.) + +MR. EASTWOOD'S quotation from Nashe's _Terrors of the Night_ regarding the +use of ale for the sacrament in Iceland, may have some light thrown upon it +by the following passages from the Icelandic sages and the learned editors +of the _Historic Memorials of Greenland_. We doubt if Nashe was correct in +saying that ale was granted for that purpose by the Pope in preference to +wine, on account of the "incessant frosts there;" for, in truth, the +Icelanders of the present day, as well as in former times, have no +difficulty in protecting liquids much more congealable, such as milk, from +the winter's frost. The abundance of warm springs, and the volcanic fires +throughout the island, render the temperature of the inhabited districts of +Iceland much warmer in winter than would be supposed from its high northern +latitude. The word "red emayle" no doubt means "red enamel," an apt simile +enough, and well understood in the writer's days. We do not find any +mention of "ale" ("öl") being ever used in Iceland for the celebration of +the eucharist; but a wine seems to leave been prepared from the Crowberry +(_Empetrum nigrum_), as is shown by the following extract from Bishop +Paul's _Saga_, a nearly cotemporary history; for the _Saga_ in question is +believed to have been written by Bishop Magnus Gissurson (1215-1237), who +succeeded Bishop Paul in the see of Skalholt:-- + + "In Bishop Paul's days came Bishop John from Greenland to Iceland, and + remained during the winter in the eastern fiords; but afterwards he + journeyed late in Lent (_langaföstu_, long fast time) to Skalholt to + meet Bishop Paul, and he came there on Maunday Thursday + (Skírdegi-Skjærtorsdag), and these two bishops consecrated a large + store of Chrism, and had besides many confidential and learned + conversations. Bishop John taught the people to prepare wine from the + crowberry (krækiberium), as he himself had been instructed by King + Sverrer. But it so happened that the next summer few berries grew in + Iceland; but a man called Erick, who lived on a farm called + Snorrastade, near Skalholt, prepared a small quantity of the wine from + these berries, which succeeded well that summer."--Pp. 186, 187. + +We confess that we are much inclined to agree with the learned Eggert +Olafsen's doubts as to the practicability of manufacturing a wine, to suit +at least our palates, from the acrid fruit of the _Empetrum nigrum_. It is +said that Boerhaave, gives a receipt for this purpose, and we have +accordingly found it in his forty-second _Process of the Elementa Chemiæ_, +but this relates to the general mode of producing wine from fruits; and +Olafsen (p. 172. vol. i.) tried it in vain with the crowberry when in +Iceland in 1753. Still a species of subacid drink, such as still prepared +from this fruit by the Icelanders, may have been dignified in olden times +with the name of wine; but Olafsen was certainly in error when he stated +that Bishop Paul brought over to Iceland, according to tradition, a native +of the Canary Isles, to teach the art. The Canary Isles were not then (A.D. +1203) known to Europe. + +About the year 1186 King Sverrer forbade the importation of wine into +Bergen by the German traders, on account of the scenes of drunkenness and +riot that ensued therefrom; and he is said to have turned his attention to +the preparing of a home-made wine from the crowberry, as a substitute for +the foreign liquors he had forbidden. The learned editors of the _Historic +Memorials of Greenland_, in a note on the passage above quoted in Bishop +Paul's _Saga_, remark, that this was probably the kind of wine which is +traditionally said to have been used for the sacrament in Iceland when the +true juice of the grape could not be obtained. Huidtfeldt, in his +Chronicle, positively states that the Northmen in 1250 and 1290 sought and +obtained permission from the Pope to use mead, "mjod" (mulsum), and other +similar liquors, in the celebration of the sacrament, in consequence of the +great scarcity of wine in those countries. The editors further state that +"within our own times, during the disastrous war with England, it was +proposed to employ wine made from bilberries for the same purpose in +Iceland." + +The Synod of Roeskilde, according to Pontoppidan, _Annal. Eccles. Dan._ ii. +329. and iii. 538., forbids the use of any liquor but pure wine in the +sacrament in the following words:-- + + "Pastores sunt admoniti ad communionem uti, non _musto_ aut aliis + liquoribus illicitis, sed puro vino, juxta institutionem." + +Lastly, in Rymer's _Foedera_, vol. x. p. 762., there is a petition from the +Bishop of Skalholt to the English government in 1440, stating the depressed +state of the commerce of Iceland at that period, and that no _wine, beer, +or indeed any liquor_ except milk and water, was to be found in the +country. Such was its wretched condition, that he expresses his fear, +unless supplies were received from England, divine service, the celebration +of the communion, and of baptism, would soon cease. + +From this last document it would seem that _wine_ was no longer made in +Iceland from the crowberry, and that the fermented juice of the {563} grape +was deemed absolutely necessary by the bishop of that day for the +celebration of the sacrament. We are not aware of any decree or bull of the +court of Rome, by which any other liquor than that obtained from the grape +was permitted to be used, as such would be entirely contrary to all the +canons of the church, and the opinions of all her theologians. + +EDWARD CHARLTON. + +Newcastle-on-Tyne. + +The following quotation bears upon your correspondent J. EASTWOOD's +Query:-- + + "Gregorious episcopus, &c. + [Sigurdo archiepiscopo] Nidrosiensi. + + Tuæ fraternitati quærenti, an deficienti in quibusdum ecclesiis + suffragancorum tuorum eucharistia propter frumenti penuriam simplex + oblata undecumque confecta populo, ut sub quadam decipiatur pietatis + specie, ac cervisiæ vel potus alius loco vini, cum vix aut nunquam + vinum reperiatur in illis partibus, sint tradenda, taliter respondemus, + quod neutrum est penitus faciendum, cum in hujus modi sacramento + visibilis panis de frumento et vini de uvis debeat esse forma in verbo + creatoris per sacerdotis ministerium consecrata, quod veritatem carnis + et sanguinis non est dubium continere, quamquam dari possit populo + panis simpliciter benedictus, prout in quibusdam partibus fieri + consuevit. Datum Viterbii v. Idus Maii, pontificatus nostri anno + undecimo." (A.D. 1237.)--_Diplomatarium Norvegicum_, p. 14.: + Christiania, 1847. + +_Emayle_ is no doubt enamel, used for ice, or frozen wine. _Chevela_ is +answered in the Query. I may add a letter from the same Pope to the same +Archbishop on baptism in ale:-- + + "Cum, sicut ex tua relatione didicimus, nonnunquam propter aquæ + penuriam infantes terræ tuæ contingat in cervisia baptizari, tibi + tenore præsentium respondemus, quod cum secundum doctrinam evangelicam + oportet eos ex aqua et spiritu sancto renasci, non debent reputari rite + baptizati, qui in cervisia baptizantur. Datum Laterani, viii. Idus + Julii anno xv." (A.D. 1241.)--_Ibid._ p. 21. + +The curious in this matter may find the practice of baptising in other +liquids than water denounced in other countries, in other bulls, and even +by councils. + +DE CAMERA. + + * * * * * + +SERJEANT'S RINGS. + +(Vol. v., pp. 92. 110. 181.) + +I send you the mottoes adopted by serjeants and judges, taken from the Term +Reports, being, with one exception, I believe, a perfect list from 1786 to +the year 1832, when MR. COLMAN's list, in the 5th Volume of "N. & Q.," +begins. That exception is Lord C. B. Richards, whose motto is not given. I +have also made some additions to MR. COLMAN's list. + + 1786. G. Bond _Hæreditas a legibus._ + + 1787. A. Thomson } + S. Le Blanc } _Reverentia legum._ + + 1788. Lord Kenyon { + R. Clayton { _Quid leges sine moribus._ + + 1794. S. Heywood } + J. Williams[1] } _Legum servi ut liberi._ + + 1796. A. Palmer { _Evaganti froena licentiæ._ + + S. Shepherd _Legibus emendes._ + + 1799. J. Vaughan { _Paribus se legibus + { ambæ._ + + J. Lens } + J. Bayley } _Libertas sub rege pio._ + + 1800. Sir J. Scott (Lord { _Rege incolumi mens + Eldon) { omnibus una._ + + A. Chambre { _Majorum instituta + tueri._ + + W. D. Best _Libertas in legibus._ + + R. Graham { _Et placitum læti componite + A. Onslow[2] { foedus._ + + 1801. W. M. Praed { _Foederis æquas dicamus + { leges._ + + 1802. Sir E. Law (Lord { _Positis mitescunt sæcula + Ellenborough) { bellis._ + + 1804. J. Mansfield _Serus in coelum redeas._ + + 1805. T. M. Sutton[3] { _Hic ames dici pater + { atque princeps._ + + 1807. G. Wood { _Moribus ornes, legibus + { emendes._ + + 1808. W. Manley } + A. Pell } _Pro rege at lege._ + W. Rough } + + 1809. R. H. Peckwell { _Traditum ab antiquis + W. Frere { servare._ + + 1812. V. Gibbs _Leges juraque._ + + 1813. H. Dampier _Consulta patrum._ + + J. S. Copley { _Studiis vigilare severis._ + + R. Dallas _Mos et lex._ + + 1814. J. B. Bosanquet { _Antiquam exquisite + { matrem._ + + 1816. J. A. Park { _Qui leges juraque + { servat._ + + C. Abbott (Ld. } _Labore._ + Tenterden) + + G. S. Holroyd { _Componere legibus + { orbem._ + + J. Burrough _Legibus emendes._ + + J. Hullock { _Auspicium melioris + { ævi._ + + 1817. W. Firth { _Ung loi, ung roi, ung + { foi._ + + W. Garrow _Fas et jura._ + + 1818. W. Taddy _Mos et lex._ + + {564} + 1819. J. Richardson _More majorum._ + + V. Lawes } + J. Cross } _Pro rege et lege._ + T. D'Oyley } + + 1820. T. Peake _Æquâ lege._ + + 1824. R. Gifford } + W. Alexander } _Secundis laboribus._ + + J. Littledale _Justitæ tenax._ + + W. St. J. Arabin } + T. Wilde (L. Truro) } _Regi regnoque fidelis._ + + S. Gaselee } _Bonis legibus, judiciis + R. Spankie } gravibus._ + + 1827. T. Andrews } + H. Storks } + E. Lawes } + E. Ludlow } _More majorum._ + H. A. Merewether } + W. O. Russell } + D. F. Jones } + + J. Scriven } + H. J. Stephen } _Lex ratione probatur._ + C. C. Bompas } + + 1828. J. Parke _Justitiæ tenax._ + + 1829. E. Goulburn _Nulla retrorsum._ + + N. C. Tindal _Quid leges sine moribus._ + + W. Bolland _Regi regnoque fidelis._ + + 1830. W. E. Taunton } + E. H. Alderson } _Nec temerè nec timidè._ + J. Patteson } + +_Omitted in List_, Vol. v., p. 181. + + 1833. T. N. Talfourd _Magna vis veritatis._ + + 1841. J. V. Thompson _Nec ultrà nec citrà._ + + W. Wightman _Æquam servare mentem._ + + 1842. C. Cresswell _Leges juraque._ + + 1844. F. Pollock _Jussa capessere._ + + 1850. Ld. Campbell _Justitiæ tenax._ + + J. Jervis _Venale nec auro._ + +_Errata._ + + 1843. N. R. Clarke } + J. B. Byles } For metu_is_ read metu_it_. + + 1847. For E. _N._ Williams read E. _V._ Williams; + and for liber_e_ read liber_i_. + +J. E. + +[Footnote 1: In 1847 his son, Mr. Justice E. V. Williams, adopted the same +motto.] + +[Footnote 2: Vol. v. p. 92. The motto of the Onslow family, "Festina +lente," is erroneously given as the serjeant's motto on his rings.] + +[Footnote 3: Afterwards Lord Manners, Lord Chancellor of Ireland.] + + * * * * * + +THE OLD COUNTESS OF DESMOND. + +(Vol. v., pp. 145. 323.) + +In your Number of "N. & Q." of April 3rd, there are some curious and +interesting remarks by the KNIGHT OF KERRY, respecting that wonder for +length of days, the old Countess of Desmond, in which he gives the copy of +an inscription on an ancient painting, stating that in the year 1614, and +in the 140th year of her age, she appeared at the court of King James, to +seek relief in consequence of the House of Desmond having been ruined by +attainder. That this statement in the inscription is erroneous, can, I +think, be proved by the following circumstances, which also seem to me to +afford some light on the most obscure parts of the question. + +I have at this moment before me a work, which has been for many years in +the library of my husband (the Rev. E. A. Bray, the Vicar of this place), +and highly prized by us both, namely, a most perfect and beautiful copy of +Sir Walter Raleigh's _History of the World_, published in 1614. I here give +the date from the engraved title-page, which is of an allegorical +description: + + "THE HISTORY OF THE WORLD." + "AT LONDON: PRINTED FOR WALTER BVRRE." + "1614." + +In this volume, Chapter V. (of "the first Booke of the first Part"), page +66., "Of the long Lives of the Patriarchs, and some of _late memory_," +after enumerating several celebrated persons who lived to great ages, +Raleigh thus speaks of the old Countess:-- + + "I myself knew the old Countess of Desmond of Inchiquin, in Munster, + who lived in the yeare 1589, and many years since, who was married in + Edward IV.'s time, and held her joynture from all the Earls of Desmond + since then; and that this is true, all noblemen and gentlemen of + Munster can witnesse." + +From this passage I think it can be shown, that the reader can draw no +other inference than that the Countess of Desmond was dead at the time Sir +Walter Raleigh wrote it. In his heading to the chapter he speaks of some of +"_late memory_;" and the words "_many years since_" evidently mean that she +lived many years _after_ 1589.[4] We do not know at what precise period the +above passage was penned; but we learn from Sir Walter's Preface, that he +composed this great and admirable work whilst a prisoner in the Tower (from +which he was liberated in 1616). In that preface he speaks with deep +feeling and regret for the loss of Prince Henry. He says _the Prince read +part of the work_; and that he wrote it "for the service of that +inestimable" youth. We know that Henry died in November, 1612. The passage, +therefore, about the "old Countess," which occurs in a very early part of +the book, there can be no doubt, was written before 1612, and the entire +work published in 1614. If, therefore (as I think no one can doubt, from +the manner in which it is worded), the old lady was dead when Sir Walter +wrote about her, it is not possible she could have visited the court of +King James in 1614. + +As Raleigh says "I myself knew the old Countess {565} of Desmond," and +plainly declares that she was married in the time of Edward IV., it is most +probable that he received this account from herself at all events, when he +so strongly appeals to the witness of "all the noblemen and gentlemen of +Munster" for the truth of his statement, it is most unlikely he would have +written thus merely on common or casual report. The KNIGHT OF KERRY says, +"There are statements in existence of 1464 being the year of her birth." +This is most probably the correct date, which is perfectly consistent with +Raleigh's account of her marriage in the reign of Edward IV. It is likely +she married very young. There is every probability that Raleigh was well +acquainted with the "old Countess" when he was in Ireland, and acted so +gallant a part against the rebels in that country. Early in the spring of +1581, upon the Earl of Ormond leaving Ireland, Captain Raleigh (for he was +then only such), with Sir William Morgan and another gentleman, received a +commission to succeed the Earl for a time in his government in _Munster_ +(the old lady's county), and he spent the summer there of that year. It may +be further remarked, that the then Earl of Desmond and _Sir John Desmond_ +are among the rebels, and that therefore the House of Desmond did suffer by +attainder _in the reign of Elizabeth_;[5] and more likely was it that the +aged Countess should sue at the Court of Elizabeth for relief, than twenty +years after at that of Jas. I. + +If she came to England in 1589, Sir Walter Raleigh might have seen her in +her pilgrimage to his royal mistress in that year, as in _that year_ (the +next after the defeat of the Spanish Armada, in which glorious service he +bore a distinguished part), among other honours conferred upon him, was +that of being appointed one of the gentlemen of her Majesty's Privy +Chamber. In 1614 Raleigh was a prisoner in the Tower; and very improbable +is it that, even had she been living at that date and in England, the old +Countess would there have paid him a visit, to thank him for his mention of +her in his _History of the World_. And, finally, had she really been alive +when he wrote it, he might have referred to the lady herself, as a proof of +what he said about her being true, instead of referring to "all the +noblemen and gentlemen in Munster." + +As the KNIGHT OF KERRY has expressed a wish to receive the opinions of your +readers who take an interest in the subject, I venture to offer the +foregoing remarks, in consequence of having the very valuable copy of +Raleigh's great work in our possession, and shall be happy if the few +observations I have made may be in any respect acceptable to him or to your +readers. + +ANNA ELIZA BRAY. + +The Vicarage, Tavistock, Devon. + +[Footnote 4: In his _History of the World_, Raleigh frequently uses the +word _since_ as we use the word _after_.] + +[Footnote 5: See Stow's _Annales of England_, p. 1217.] + +In a "Life of Old Parr," _Harl. Misc._, vol. vii. p. 79., are the following +lines about the old Countess, which may perhaps interest some of your +readers: + + "Sir Walter Raleigh, a most learned knight, + Doth of an Irish Countess (Desmond) write, + Of sevenscore years of age; he with her spake; + The Lord St. Albans doth more mention make, + That she was married in fourth Edward's reign; + Thrice shed her teeth, which three times came again." + +At the bottom of the page is a note by Oldys, but it probably contains +nothing new to your correspondents who have so diligently investigated this +matter. He quotes however some remarks of Archbishop Usher on this subject, +which I do not remember to have seen noticed in your pages. + +ERICA. + +The KNIGHT OF KERRY, in his very interesting letter, infers that if the old +Countess of Desmond was only eight or nine years old at the death of Edward +IV., she therefore could not have been married during the reign of that +monarch. Was it not, however, a not uncommon custom, at that period, for +royal and noble infants to be given in marriage at quite as early an age as +eight or nine, whenever it suited the views, political or otherwise, of +their parents or guardians? + +C. E. D. + + * * * * * + +A FEW THINGS ABOUT RICHARD BAXTER. + +(Vol. v., p. 481.) + +Your correspondent MR. BEALBY mentions that in his visit to Kidderminster +in 1836, he was shown the house in the High Street in which Richard Baxter +is said to have resided: a few more particulars on the subject may prove +interesting. + +It was a three storied, high gabled house, with low ceilinged rooms, +lighted by long ranges of casement. The exterior of the house displayed a +goodly proportion of wood-work, and appeared to be much in its original +condition. No garden or extra-ground was attached to it, another street +(Swan Street) running immediately at its back. Three or four years since +the house fell before the march of modern improvements, and none of its old +features can now be recognised. At the time of these alterations, the house +was tenanted by a shoemaker. An ascent of four or five steps led into the +shop, the long low window of which, projecting somewhat over the pavement, +was tiled above, and supported underneath by wooden pillars. These also +served to mark the boundary allotted to the display of the handiwork of the +basketmaker who plied his trade in the capacious cellar underneath the +shop. + +Of course MR. BEALBY, while prosecuting in Kidderminster his inquiries +about Baxter, visited Caldwall Castle (close to the town), once the {566} +residence of Sir Ralph Clare, Baxter's sturdy opponent. In an old map of +the town, the castle is represented as having eight towers; but only one of +these now remains, which is attached to a modern house. The tower is +octagonal, built of red sandstone, of massive proportions, and is in good +preservation. It contains two rooms lighted N. and S.; a turret staircase; +and a groin-roofed cellar, level with the ground, and with an exterior +door. From this cellar an underground passage is said to extend to St. +Mary's Church, about a quarter of a mile distant. Sir Ralph Clare was +buried in St. Mary's, opposite to where Baxter's pulpit then stood. The +flat stone that covers his grave has once again been restored to the light +by the removal of the cumbrous sleeping-box that concealed it,--thanks to +the judicious alterations now being carried on by the present vicar; +alterations very different to those "beautifyings" of 1786, in which +Baxter's pulpit was sold as worthless lumber. (Vide "N. & Q.,", Vol. v., p. +363.) + +The Registers preserved in the vestry of St. Mary's attest the careful +neatness of Baxter in his official entries. The headings of the different +months are printed, and, in some cases, ornamented after the missal style. +Many of the burials are set down as those of "valliant souldiers," who fell +in the frequent skirmishes of those troublous times. + +The row of elms on the south walk of the churchyard is said to have been +planted in Baxter's time,--perhaps by his own hand. + +If MR. BEALBY would like a copy of my etching of Baxter's pulpit (referred +to at p. 363.), and would leave his address with the Publisher of "N. & +Q.," I should be happy to forward one to him. + +CUTHBERT BEDE, B.A. + + * * * * * + +ST. BOTULPH. + +(Vol. v., pp. 396. 475.) + +As no one has hitherto answered the inquiries of A. B. touching St. +Botulph, I beg to forward you the following Notes. The earliest mention of +him will be found in the _Saxon Chronicle_, at the year 654. He is said to +have then commenced the building of a minster at _Ycean-ho_. The statement +is repeated by Florence of Worcester, who writes the name of St. Botulph's +convent _Ikanho_. Its locality is thus pointed out by Leland, _Itinerary_, +i. 31, 32. ed. Hearne:-- + + "Some hold opinion that est of Lincoln were 2 suburbs, one toward S. + Beges, a late [of late] a cell of S. Mari abbay at York; the which + place I take be _Icanno_, wher was an house of monkes in S. Botolphes + tyme, and of this speketh Bede[?]. It is scant half a mile from the + minster." + +The same writer has informed us (viii. 68.) that St. Botulph died in Icanno +(15 Kal. Jun.), and that the monastery was soon afterwards destroyed by the +Scandinavian vikings. The authority on which this latter statement will be +found to rest is a "Life of St. Botulph," written or embellished by John +Capgrave, and included in his _Nova Legenda Angliæ_. I have now before me a +fine copy of the work (Lond. 1516); but very few of the events in which St. +Botulph is there said to have played a part belong to the sphere of +history. We learn that Botulphus and Adulphus were two noble brothers, who +in early life were sent into "Old Saxony" to be instructed in monastic +learning. Botulph there became acquainted with two sisters of an English +king, named Ethelmund ("regis australium Anglorum"), who, at their wish, +allotted to the monk a piece of barren ground, on which to build a convent +("locum quendam incultum et ab hominibus desertum Ykanho vocatum.") Like +other marshy spots, in which the _ignis fatuus_ abounded, it was thought to +be infested by malignant spirits. These were soon, however, put to flight +("edito crucis signo"), and a convent, on the model of the house in which +St. Botulph had been reared, was planted in the midst of their domain. It +perished under Edmund (941-946); but the relics of St. Botulph, which had +been enshrined in his own foundation, were preserved, and afterwards +translated, in the time of Edgar (959-975), through the efforts of St. +Ethelwold. The head was sent to Ely, and the body equally apportioned to +the royal cabinet of relics and the abbey church of Thorne. The closing +passage is as follows: + + "In libro ecclesie Sancti Botulphi juxta Aldersgate Londo[=n] habetur + quæ pars corporis Sancti Botulphi per bone memorie regem Edwardum + ecclesie B. Petri Westmonasterii est collata. Eodem etiam tempore, ut + in quibusdam locis scriptum inveni, per eundem monachum, jubente + episcopo Ethelwoldo, translata sunt apud Thornense monasterium ossa + Benedicti Biscop, abbatis venerabilis Wermuthensis, nutritoris Bede + presbiteri. Construxit autem Sanctus Ethelwoldus non longe a monasterio + Thornensi, in loco ubi _beata virgo Christi Toua inclusa_ fuerat, + lapideam ecclesiolam delicatissimis cameratam cancellulis et duplici + area tribus dedicatam altaribus permodicis, undique usque ad eius muros + vallatam arboribus diversi generis. Sedem ibi heremiticam, si + permisisset Deus, sibi delegit." + +Is there any other notice of this female solitary? + +C. H. + +St. Catharine's Hall, Cambridge. + + [Leland notices this female solitary. St. Tova, or Tona, was a Saxon + saint, to whose memory a fair chapel, called Thoveham, or Thona, half a + mile from the abbey, was consecrated; and at this place was the oratory + of the Heremites. Lelandi _Collectanea_, vol. i. p. 28.; Willis' + _Mitred Abbies_, vol. i. p. 187.--ED.] + +The earliest mention found of this saint is in the _Saxon Chronicle_, under +the year 654, when he began to build his minster at Ycean-ho, probably +Boston or Botulph's-town in Lincolnshire. His {567} life was first put into +regular form by Fulcard, a monk of Thorney, who was made abbot of that +monastery in 1068. Fulcard tells us in his preface what his materials were: + + "Reperta sunt quædam in veteribus libris vitiose descripta, quædam ab + ipso præcipuo præsuli in privilegiis ejusdem coenobii sunt breviter + annotata, cætera ex relatione veterum ut ab antiquioribus sunt eis + exhibita." + +An early MS. of this life is in the Harleian collection, No. 3097. It was +printed (somewhat curtailed) by Capgrave in the _Legenda Nova_, and seems +to have furnished all that our antiquaries know about St. Botulph. Camden +indeed refers to _Bede_, iv. 3., as containing some mention of him; but I +can find no such passage, and I believe that Botulph is nowhere mentioned +in the _Historia Anglorum_. The remains of Botulph were taken up in the +days of King Edgar, and his head was allotted to Ely, while the rest of his +bones were divided between the abbeys of Thorney and Westminster. The cause +of his extended popularity it is difficult to discover. His fame even +passed over to Denmark, and an office is allotted to him in the Sleswick +Breviary, _Britannia Sacra_, vol. i. p. 370. It has been surmised that he +was a patron saint of seamen, and that his name indicates this character, +_i. e._ boat-help! See Allen's _History of Lincoln_, vol. i. p. 245. His +brother Adulf was made Bishop of Trajectum, probably Utrecht. Your +correspondents may be referred to Capgrave; to Leland, _Collectanea_, vol. +i. p. 217., and vol. iii. p. 33.; and to Ellis's _Monasticon_, vol. ii. p. +596., and vol. vi. p. 1621. St. Botulph's day is the 17th of June. + +C. W. G. + + * * * * * + +SIR RICHARD POLE, THE FATHER OF CARDINAL POLE. + +(Vol. v., pp. 105. 163.) + +Without presuming to contravene the high authorities quoted by J. G. N. on +the pedigree of Sir Richard Pole, the father of the celebrated Cardinal +Pole, I am inclined to the belief that he descended from a common ancestor +with the Cheshire family of "Poole," as suggested by your correspondent I. +J. H. H. Wotton[6] says, in his pedigree of "Poole, baronets of Poole" +(from whom, by the way, the _Poles_ of Shute collaterally derived): + + "Robert Pull, _alias_ Poole, _alias_ De la Poole, lord of Barretspoole, + 8 Edw. I., by Elizabeth, dau. to Hugh Raby, had issue _Reginald_ and + others. Reginald had issue James, who died 1 Edw. II., leaving Robert + de Pull, his son and heir, who m., 2 Rich. II., the dau. and heir of + Thomas de Capenhurst. Sir John de Pull, Knight, his son, lived 8 Hen. + IV. and 3 Hen. V., and was father of Sir John _Poole_, of Poole, in + Wirrall, living about 19 Rich. II., who by a dau. of ---- Mainwaring, + of Peover, had issue, 1. Sir Thomas Poole, Knight, lord of Poole and + Capenhurst, 35 Hen. VI. 2. Robert Poole, who left posterity. 3. _Sir + Richard Poole, Knight_, who had progeny; and 4. James, grandfather to + John Poole, of Stratford in Essex." + +Is anything known further of the above Sir Richard Poole, Knight, or of his +"progeny"? From a comparison of the dates before given with that of the +time in which the father of the Cardinal flourished, it seems not +improbable (in the absence of direct proof to the contrary) that he removed +into Buckinghamshire, and was father of "Geoffry Pole," who married Edith +St. John, as shown. Cardinal Pole, however, was born (in 1500) at Stoverton +Castle in _Worcestershire_, and the fact that he was named Reginald, as +borne by the son of Robert, the first ancestor of "Poole" (as shown in the +above extract), as well as by other members of the baronet family, would +tend to confirm the supposition of a common ancestry. The reasons for the +change in the family bearing suggested by J. G. N. seem highly probable, +besides being the usual course adopted by younger sons for difference. I +would here suggest another Query: Was Sir Richard, or his son Henry, +created Lord Montague? Burke seems to be at variance with other testimony I +have found on the matter. He says: + + "Sir Richard Pole, K.G., [was] summoned to Parliament in 1553 [Query, + 1503], as Baron Montague: he m. Lady Margaret Plantagenet, dau. of Geo. + Duke of Clarence, and left issue four sons and one daughter, viz. + Henry, _second Baron_ Montague (whose daughters and coheirs were, + Katherine, wife of Francis, second Earl of Huntingdon; and Winifred, m. + first to Sir Thomas Hastings, and, secondly, to Sir Thomas Barrington). + 2. Geffery, Sir. 3. Arthur. 4. Reginald, the celebrated Cardinal. 5. + Ursula, m. to Henry Lord Stafford." + +In a list of attainders appended to the 2nd volume of Debrett's _Peerage_, +the date 1504 is given as the creation, and 1538 the forfeiture of the +title. Wotton says (vol. i. p. 32.): + + "Sir Thomas Barrington, high sheriff of Essex and Hertford, 4 Eliz." + 1561, "m. Winifred d. and coheir of Henry Pole, _Lord Mountague_ (son + of Sir Richard Pole, _Knight of the Garter_" only), "by Margaret + Countess of Salisbury, dau. to Geo. Duke of Clarence, brother to King + Edward VI." + +That "marvellous" historian, Sir Richard Baker, in his _Chronicle_ (ed. +1696, pp. 246. 271. 286., &c.), records, under the reign of Hen. VII. (cir. +1503): + + "Prince Arthur, after his marriage, was sent again into Wales, to keep + _that country in good order_, to whom were appointed for councillors + Sir Richard _Pool_, his _kinsman_ and chief chamberlain, Sir Henry + Vernon," &c. + +I find no trace of the title till 15 Hen. VIII. (1524): {568} + + "All this while King Henry had play'd with the French, but now he seems + to be in earnest, and therefore sends over the Duke of Suffolk with an + army, the four and twentieth of August, attended with the Lord + Montacute and his _brother_, _Sir_ Arthur Pool, with many other knights + and gentlemen." + +On the knighthood of this _Sir_ Arthur I find, farther on,-- + + "On _Allholland_ (Query, All-hallows) day, in the chief church of Roy," + (the Duke) "made knights, Lord Herbert (son of the Earl of Worcester), + the Lord Powis, Oliver Manners, Arthur Pool, &c. + +And now-- + + The 3rd Nov. (1538) Henry Courtney, Marquess of Exeter and Earl of + Devonshire, _Henry Pool_, _Lord Montacute_, Sir Nicholas Carew, of + Bedington, Knight of the Garter and Master of the Horse, and Sir Edward + Nevill, brother to the Lord _Aburgenny_, were sent to the Tower, being + accused by Sir Geoffry _Pool_, the Lord Montacute's brother, of high + treason. They were indicted for devising to promote and advance _one + Reinald_ (Qy. Reginald) _Pool_ to the crown, and _put down_ K. Henry. + _This Pool was a near kinsman of the king's_ (being the son of the Lady + Margaret, Countess of Salisbury, daughter and heir to George, Duke of + Clarence). He had been brought up by the king in learning, and made + Dean of Exeter; but being _after sent_ to learn experience by travel, + he grew so great a friend of the Pope's that he became an enemy to King + Henry, and _for his enmity to the king_ was by Pope Julius III. made + cardinal. For this man's cause the lords aforesaid being condemned were + all executed; the Lord Marquess, the Lord Montacute, and Sir Edward + Nevill, beheaded on the Tower Hill the ninth of January; Sir Nicholas + Carew the third of March; two priests condemned with them were hanged + at Tyburn: Sir Geoffry _Pool_, though condemned also, yet had his + pardon." + +I give this last quotation entire (hoping to be pardoned for its length), +as it affords a curious insight into the eventful history of the period; +for, two years later, I find it on record that-- + + "_Reynold Pool, Cardinal_, brother to the Lord Montacute, was with + divers others attainted of high treason; of whom Foskeue and Dingley + the tenth of July were beheaded, the Countess of Salisbury two years + after." + +But I forbear quoting further the account of this same cardinal's pompous +"_absolution of these realms_," and "_reconciliation to the church of +Rome_," all which are given in "marvellous" detail by our worthy historian. +I pass on to observe, in conclusion, that, from the fact (as recorded in +the first of the foregoing historic extracts) that "Sir Richard _Pool_, +chamberlain" to Prince Arthur, was sent by him into _Wales_, I gather your +correspondent I. J. H. H. has been led to suppose him a _Welsh knight_. +That he is called a _kinsman_ of the prince is also some confirmation of +the statement afforded by J. G. N., that he became so by his mother's near +connexion with the Countess of Richmond, but his own alliance with the +house of Plantagenet must have taken place about the close of the fifteenth +century (and I own this offers some objection to my theory of his descent); +it could not have occurred in 1513, as your correspondent states, since +Cardinal Pole was, as I have stated, born in 1500, and was therefore +fifty-four years old at the commencement of Mary's reign, viz. 1553-4, when +proposals were made for his marriage with the queen; for, says Sir Richard, +once more, in speaking, of "the marriages propounded for Queen Mary:" + + "One was Cardinal Pool, of a dignity not much inferior to kings, and by + his mother descended from kings; _but there was an exception against + him also, because four and fifty years old_ (as old a batchelor as + Queen Mary was a maid)," &c. &c. + +May I be allowed to suggest another Query as to the value of the aforesaid +dignity of knighthood, since Lord Herbert and Lord Powis accepted it with +men of plainer name and "lesser note." I should feel obliged to any of your +correspondents for information on this point. + +H. W. S. T. + +Southampton. + +[Footnote 6: _English Baronets_, vol. ii. p. 546. ed. 1727.] + + * * * * * + +PROCLAMATIONS TO PROHIBIT THE USE OF COAL. + +(Vol. v., p. 513.) + +I have recently, for a definite purpose, searched for facts relative to the +introduction of coal into domestic use, but I have not met with the case +referred to by Dr. Bachhoffner. So harsh a measure appears somewhat +inconsistent with other facts connected with the early history of coal. For +instance, a grant, dated 7th May, in the 34th of Edward I. tolerates the +introduction of sea-coal into London, but levies a toll of sixpence upon +every ship-load passing London Bridge: "De qualibet navata carbonis maris +venal. sex denarios" (Hearne's _Liber Niger Scaccarii_: Lond. 1774, 8vo. p. +480.), which toll was to be applied to the maintenance of the said bridge. +A few months after this, in 1306, was issued the proclamation prohibiting +its use; and on its being disregarded, was, as stated by Prynne, followed +by a Commission of Oyer and Terminer in the year 1307, a short time before +the death of Edward I. It is pretty evident that on the accession of Edward +II. a great change occurred in the opinion of the authorities respecting +the use of coal; for in the year 1308 fifty pounds (equal probably to 800l. +of our money) were paid from the Exchequer to provide wood and _coal_ for +the king's coronation. (_Issue Roll, Excheq._, 1 Edw. II.) This sum was +paid to John Fairhod, Thomas de Hales, Thomas Wastel, Roger le White, and +John de Talworth. We cannot tell the quantity of coal used on that +occasion; but, in addition to the above sum we find Richard del Hurst of +London petitioning Parliament for the payment of ten {569} shillings to him +for sea-coal supplied at the king's coronation. (_Rot. Parl._, 15 and 16 +Edw. II., vol. i. p. 405.) Many facts might be given to show that coal was +frequently used in London during the reign of Edward II.; and unless we are +to infer that the king used without hesitation that which was denied to the +citizens on pain of death, we cannot suppose that any such stringent +measure was in force as to render the use of coal a capital offence. The +period, therefore, in which the case referred to by Dr. Bachhoffner +occurred, was most probably during the last few months of the reign of Edw. +I. But I am not acquainted with any record of the case, and, with MR. +WILSON, should feel obliged if any of your correspondents can refer me to +it. But perhaps the Doctor himself will kindly answer the Query. + +F. SOMNER MERRYWEATHER. + + * * * * * + +RALPH WINTERTON. + +(Vol. v., pp. 346. 419.) + +You mention that a Latin distich by Winterton may be found among the +Additional MSS. in the British Museum. And at p. 420. his publication of +_Hypocrates_ is referred to, with a Query as to the Latin verse +translation. As this book (not I believe very common) is now before me, I +transcribe the title: + + "'[Greek: Hippokratous tou Megalou hoi aphorismoi; pezikoi te kai + emmetroi.] Hippocratis Magni Aphorismi, soluti et metrici. Interprete + Joanne Heurnio medico _Ultrajectino_. _Metaphrastis_, Joanne Frero + Medico-Poëta et Radulpho Wintertono Medicinæ, et Poëseos Græcæ + studioso, _Anglis_. + + Alexandri Magni Apophthegma. + + [Greek: Basilikon esi, ton eu poiounta kakôs akouein.] + + _Regale_ est, bene cùm feceris, male audire. + + _Catabrigiæ._ _Excudebant_ Thomas Buck et Rogerus Daniel, MDCXXXIII." + +The volume is 12mo., and dedicated to William [Laud?], Bishop of London. +Then follow "Reverendorum S. Theol. Professorum Censuræ," including those +of Thomas Comber, Dean of Carlisle, and Master of Trinity College, +Cambridge; Matthew Wren, Dean of Windsor, and Master of Peterhouse, &c. The +aphorisms are given each in the original Greek, with a metrical version in +the same language, followed by prose and metrical versions in Latin. + +At the end of my copy is bound up, as probably it was printed to accompany +the preceding, + + "Epigrammata Regiorum Medicinæ Professorum, Cantabrigiensis atque + Oxoniensis, &c. In Rad. Wintertoni Metaphrasin nuper editam, &c., + quibus accedunt Epigrammata Therapeutica ejusdem, ad malevolorum + lectorum ægritudines." + +Cantabrigiæ, same date and printers. One of the Epigrammata throws some +light on the Query in Vol. v., p. 420., as to the authorship of the _Latin_ +version: Edward Hanburie, of Sidney College, says, addressing Winterton,-- + + "Gratum opus hoc Medicis. Tu primus carmine _Græco_ + Metiris." + +The volume closes with some Latin elegiac verses by Winterton on the death +of his brother Francis, who, leaving the office of Gentleman of the Privy +Chamber to the Queen, + + "In Castra transiit. Is pro patria mortuus, Custrinæ, + in finibus Silesiæ, honorifice, et sicut militem decuit, + sepultus est." + +This supplementary volume is partly occupied with complimentary verses by +the fellows of King's, who address Winterton as + + "Medicum a suis juxta statuta designatum." + +Among these is one copy by Gulielmus _Sclater_, C. R. C., "Socius Inceptor +in Artibus;" and another by Johannes _Sclater_, C. R. C., quondam Socius, +S. T. B. 1613. I indicate these as having lately called the attention of +your readers to this family. + +BALLIOLENSIS. + + * * * * * + + +Replies to Minor Queries. + +_Family of Bullen_ (Vol. v., p. 127.).--There is a physician of that name, +who is, I believe, one of the professors in the Queen's College, Cork, and +who may probably be able to afford your correspondent E. A. G. the +information he wishes for. I have been informed that Dr. Bullen's father +asserted that his family was descended from the Boleyn family. + +J. E. + +_Wallington's Journal_ (Vol. v., p.489.).--This volume is in my possession. +It contains much curious and interesting matter. + +J. GODWIN. + +28. Upper Gower Street. + +_The Amber Witch_ (Vol. v., p. 510.).--In answer to a Query of A. N., this +book is a pure fiction. Some German biblical critics pretending to decide +that whole chapters, or whole books, of the Bible are spurious, from +internal evidence, Meinhold wrote the _Amber Witch_ to show how little able +they were to judge of internal evidence in a much simpler case. Several of +them fell into his trap, and then the author avowed the work to be his own. + +T. + +_Twyford_ (Vol. v., p. 467.).--There is yet, I am informed, a _double ford_ +at Alnmouth, a little above the town. The ancient church, called Woden's +Church, stood at the mouth of the Alne. Here was found the cross with the +imperfect inscription in Anglo-Saxon runes, now preserved at Alnwick +Castle. I am not aware that any local tradition now connects the name of +Twyford with Alnmouth. + +EDWARD CHARLTON. + +{570} + +_The Ring Finger_ (Vol. v., p. 492.).--I have met with the following +passage in Adam's _Antiquities_ (8vo. ed., p. 429.), which seems to assign +another origin to this custom than the one lately proposed in "N. & Q.": + + "On this occasion" (_i. e._ the signing of the marriage contract) + "there was commonly a feast: and the man gave the woman a ring + (_annulus pronubus_) by way of pledge, _Juvenal_, vi. 27., which she + put on her left hand, on the finger next the least; because it was + believed a nerve reached from thence to the heart: _Macrob. Sat._ vii. + 15." + +ERYX. + +_Brass of Lady Gore_ (Vol. v., p. 412.).--This brass still exists, and +commemorates Maria Gore, _Priorissa_, 1436, attired simply as a widow. +Owing to its actual existence having been but recently known to collectors +of rubbings, no mention was made of it in the _Oxford Manual_. For the same +reason there is no notice of a very interesting brass of a bishop or abbot, +date end of fourteenth century, at Adderley, Salop. The editor of the above +work would take this opportunity of thanking MR. W. S. SIMPSON for his +corrections ("N. & Q.," Vol. v., p. 369.). The rubbing, or rather smudging, +from which the inscription was copied being nearly wholly illegible, +accounts for the mistakes. Any further corrections will oblige + +THE EDITOR OF THE "OXFORD MANUAL OF BRASSES." + +Gloucester. + +_Gospel Trees._--Several Numbers of "N. & Q." have contained interesting +notices of trees which are traditionally reported to indicate the +standing-places of out-door preachers. To me, there is something very +pleasing and picturesque--if nothing better--in these narrations; and I +shall therefore be glad to find them recurring in your pages, whether their +claims are of ancient or later date. Every reader of the vigorous poetry of +Ebenezer Elliott, a true member of the _genus irritabile_, will recollect +Miles Gordon "the Ranter" preacher, and how, in the poet's lines,-- + + "----The great unpaid! the prophet, lo! + Sublime he stands beneath the Gospel tree, + And Edmund stands on Shirecliffe at his side." + +The context, too long to quote here, is a passage descriptive of the +scenery in the vicinity of Sheffield in one direction, unsurpassed for +graphic scope, freshness, and fidelity in the whole range of English rhyme. +But the tree? Hundreds of summer visitors climb the hill, and ask _that_ +question; and they are pointed to an ash, which stands in a situation +conspicuous enough, but which neither the rest of "the trees of the wood," +if they could speak, nor the quarryman, who remembers it when a sappling +can allow to be _the_ veritable "Gospel tree" of the poet, though, but for +_this_ memorandum in "N. & Q.," it might arrive at that distinction in the +course of another century. A neighbouring tree, an oak, which those +matter-of-fact judges, the trigonometrical surveyors, have marked with a +lofty pole, competes with the aforesaid ash for the reverence of pilgrims +but its claim is equally apocryphal. If, however, when on the spot, "it is +difficult," according to the old adage, "to find the tree for the wood," as +I experienced a few days since, it will ever stand conspicuous enough, in +the poet's page, and may even serve to divert or recall attention to +"Gospel trees," which have more than poetical claim to that appellation. + +H. + +"_Who from the dark and doubtful love to run_" (Vol. v., p. 512.).--I +presume the lines imperfectly quoted by H. M. are to be found in the +"Introduction" to the _Parish Register_ by Crabbe, and which, as the book +is before me, I will transcribe: + + "Oh! rather give me commentators plain, + Who with no deep researches vex the brain, + Who from the dark and doubtful love to run, + And hold their glimmering tapers to the sun." + +S. S. S. + +_Son of the Conqueror; Walker Tyrrel_ (Vol. v., p. 512.).--No other son of +William the Conqueror, except William Rufus, was slain by an arrow in the +New Forest. A grandson, however, of the Conqueror, Richard, son of Robert +Duke of Normandy, met with the same fate as Rufus, as stated by the +cotemporary chronicler, Florentius Wigornensis. (Edition of the Historical +Society, vol. ii. p. 45.) Immediately after describing the death of William +Rufus, he says: + + "Nam et antea ejusdem Willelmi junioris germanus, Ricardus, in eadem + foresta multo ante perierat, et paulo ante _suus fratruelis_, Ricardus, + comitis scilicet Normannorum Rotberti filius, dum et ipse in venatu + fuisset, a suo milite sagitta percussus, interiit." + +Probably Sir N. Wraxhall or his authority had read this statement hastily, +and had construed _fratruelis_ brother instead of _nephew_, which is the +correct sense of the word. + +Your correspondent asks further for the authority for the death of William +Rufus. Every historian of that day--Florentius Wigornensis and the Saxon +chronicler among others--gives the received account of his death, except +Suger, a Norman abbot, who says that Sir W. Tyrrel took a solemn oath to +him that he was not the slayer of the king, but that the arrow came from an +unknown hand. + +There can, I think, be little doubt but that Sir W. Tyrrel's was the hand +that drew the bow; whether, however, he intended to kill the king or not, +is a point which it is probable, after the time that has elapsed, will +never be satisfactorily determined. + +R. C. C. + +Oxon. + +{571} + +_Sir Gilbert Gerrard_ (Vol. v., p. 511.).--I beg to refer MR. SPEDDING to +Erdeswick's _Staffordshire_, by Harwood (1820), p. 83., who states that Sir +Gilbert Gerrard died in 1592, and that he was buried in Ashley churchyard +in that county, under a handsome monument. Probably the inscription on it +will give the precise date, and some of your readers may be able to refer +to it, and send the communication to "N. & Q." His death must have occurred +between January 8, 1592, 34 Elizabeth, the date of his will as given in +Dugdale's _Baronage_, vol. ii. p. 417., and the following April; if Dugdale +is right in saying that it was then proved. But on referring to the _Baga +de Secretis_, the contents of which are so excellently calendared by Sir +Francis Palgrave in the Appendices to his third, fourth, and fifth reports +as deputy-keeper of the Public Records, it appears that Sir Gilbert was +named in a commission of Oyer and Terminer, on March 22; that he signed a +precept under it for the return of the grand jury, on April 11; and that he +signed another precept to the lieutenant of the Tower for bringing up Sir +John Perrott before the justices, on _June 12_, all in 34 Elizabeth, 1592. +(Fourth Report, Appendix II. pp. 282, 283.) It would seem, therefore, that +Dugdale has erred in the date he assigns to the probate of Sir Gilbert's +will. A search, however, at Doctors' Commons will solve the difficulty. + +Edward Foss. + +_Fides Carbonarii_ (Vol. iv., pp. 233. 283.; Vol. v., p. 523.).--The +Collier's Confession of Faith did not originate with Dr. Milner, but is at +least three hundred years old. Cardinal Hosius commends it highly (_De +auctor. sacræ Script._: Opp. fol. 263.: Antverp. 1556), and so does +Staphylus likewise (_Apologia_, fol. 83.: Colon. 1562). Bellarmin gives +another version of the narrative, which he has taken from Petrus Barocius +(_De arte bene moriendi_, lib. ii. cap. ix. pp. 200-203.: Antverp. 1620). +Your correspondents should not have forgotten the concluding question and +answer in what Crakenthorp has styled "The Colliar's Catechisme" (_Vigilius +Dormitans_, p. 187.: Lond. 1631). The entire of the conversation may be +represented thus: + + "What do you believe?" + + "I believe what the Church believes." + + "And what does the Church believe?" + + "The Church believes what I believe." + + "And what do you both believe?" + + "The same thing." + +R. G. + +_Line on Franklin_ (Vol. iv., p. 443.; Vol. v., pp. 17. 549.).-- + + "Eripuit Jovi fulmen, sceptrumque tyrannis." + +I do not exactly see the object of MR. WARDEN'S inquiry (if it indeed be +one), as your correspondent R. D. H. had already traced it from Cardinal +Polignac to Manilius; but, as perhaps MR. WARDEN means to inquire where +_he_ may have read it, I beg leave to inform him that line was first +published as anonymous in the _Correspondence de Grimm et de Diderto_, +April, 1778, and was lately reproduced in the _Quarterly Review_ for June, +1850, with the addition that it was from the pen of _Turgot_, as the +authority, I presume, of the Life, art. TURGOT, in the _Biographie +Universelle_. + +C. + +_Meaning of Royd as an Addition to Yorkshire Names_ (Vol. v., p. +489.).--The glossary to Hulton's _Coucher Book of Whalley Abbey_ at once +gives it thus: + + "RODA, an assart, or clearing. Rode land is used in this sense in + modern German, in which the verb roden means to clear. The combination + of the syllable rod, _rode_, or _royd_, with some other term, or with + the name of an original settler, has, no doubt, given to particular + localities such designations as Huntroyd, Ormerod, &c., &c." + +See also Lower _On Surnames_ (3rd edit. i. 85.), and an elaborate note in +Dr. Whitaker's _Whalley_, referred to in his account of Ormerod (3rd edit. +p. 364.). + +In the sense which Dr. W. gives to _Rode_, or _Royd_, as "a participial +substantive of the provincial verb _rid_, to clear or grub up," that word +will be found singly, or in combination, near forests and chases from the +Lancashire Pendle to the Devonshire Dartmoor. It occurs also in Rodmore, +Rodleys, &c., in the forest district of Gloucestershire over Severn; and +Murray's _Handbook_ may be referred to for Wernigerode, Elbingerode, &c., +in the Hartz forest of Germany. + +In Lancashire and Yorkshire the adjunct sometimes refers to the _early +proprietor_, as in Monkroyd, Martinrode, &c.; sometimes to the _trees +ridded_, as in Oakenrode, Acroyd, Hollinrode, Holroyd, &c.; sometimes to +other characteristics. Instances of all kinds will be found in the _Whalley +Coucher Book_, printed by the Chetham Society. + +LANCASTRIENSIS. + +_Binnacle_ (Vol. v., p. 499.).--This word, which signifies the case or +covering of the compass, was until the last thirty years spelled and +pronounced "bittacle," and is derived, I should imagine, from the French +word _habitacle_, a little habitation, a hut, a covering. It is almost the +only one of our nautical terms which can be traced to a French origin. + +C. K. + +_Plague Stones_ (Vol. v., p. 500.).--I have not observed that any of your +correspondents have noticed the stones near the romantic village of Eyam, +about four and a half miles E. N. E. of Tideswell in Derbyshire. + +It is well known that this village suffered most severely from the plague; +and the inhabitants still revere the memory of their pastor Mr. Nompesson, +who nobly refused to desert his flock in the hour of danger, and fell a +sacrifice to his devotion. I became acquainted with these stones some years +{572} ago, when on tour through Derbyshire, and, if I remember rightly, +they are about two and a half feet high, one foot and a half in diameter, +with a hollow place on the top like a dish, in which we were told the money +of the "plague village" people was placed for the food, &c. that was +brought to this boundary line by the people of the neighbourhood. The +cavity in the stone was of course full of water. + +J. G. C. + +_Ramasshed_ (Vol. iii., p. 347.).--The Fr. _ramas_ (as also _ramon_) is +"_boughs_ formed into a _besom_ or broom," Fr. _rameau_, from the Lat. +_ramus_. To _ramass_ or _ramash_ is "to put or sweep together, as with a +broom." Thus, Hackluyt, in his Preface to the Reader, speaks of volumes +"most untruly and unprofitablie _ramassed_ or hurled to." To _ramassh_ is +also "to use a _ramas_ or a construction of ram_asses_" (in the case of Syr +R. Guyldford) as a vehicle for conveyance. The sleds first used for +carrying travellers safely down steep hills were probably composed of +bough-hurdles, afterwards transformed into barrows and other more +convenient carriages. + +Q. + +_Yankee Doodle_ (Vol. iv., pp. 344. 392.).--The citizens of the United +States do not recognise this, but "Hail, Columbia," as their national air. + +W. T. M. + +Hong Kong. + +_"Chords that vibrate," &c._ (Vol. v., p. 539.).-- + + "Chords that vibrate sweetest pleasure, + Thrill the deepest notes of woe." + "On Sensibility. To Mrs. Dunlop, of Dunlop." + Burns's _Poems_, ed. 1800, vol. iv. p. 404. + +EDW. HAWKINS. + +_Derivation of Martinique_ (Vol. v., pp. 11. 165.).--MR. PHILIP S. KING's +statement, that Martinique was discovered on St. Martin's day, is at +variance with the account given by the historian of that island, who says +that it was discovered on the 15th June, 1502, during Columbus's fourth +voyage. The derivation of _Martinique_ from _Martin_ suggests itself so +obviously, that, if the discovery had been made on the day (November 11) +consecrated to that saint, it is not likely that the local historian would +have gone out of his way to fix upon a Caribbean expression, _Martinina_, +as the origin of the name. + +HENRY H. BREEN. + +St. Lucia. + +_Anthony Babington_ (Vol. v., p. 344.).--W. Kempe, the author of the +_Dutiful Invective_, must not be confounded (as is frequently the case) +with William Kempe the celebrated actor, and the reputed author of Kemp's +_Nine Daies Wonder_. The first-named Kempe was probably a schoolmaster at +Plymouth. See the Rev. A. Dyce's Introduction to his reprint of the _Nine +Daies Wonder_ (Camden Society, No. 11.). + +_The Censure of a Loyall Subject_, which your correspondent (following +Herbert) attributes to Kempe, is well known to have been the production of +George Whetstone, whose initials are at the end of the Dedication. A copy +may be seen in the Library of Lambeth Palace. + +The execution of the "fourteen most wicked traitors" (Ballard, Babbington, +Tichbourne, &c.) formed the subject of many ballads and tracts, a few of +which I am enabled to enumerate: + + 1. A Proper New Ballad to the Tune of 'Weep, Weep,' by Thomas Deloney, + beginning: + + "Rejoice in hart, good people all, + Sing praise to God on hye, + Which hath preserved us by his power, + From traitors tyranny." + + Reprinted in Mr. Collier's Old Ballads (Percy Society, No. 1.). + + 2. "A Ballad of Rejoycinge for the Revealinge of the Quenes Enemyes. + Licensed to Edward Alde, August 24, 1586-7." + + 3. "A Joyfull Songe made by a Citizen of London in the Behalfe of all + her Majesties Subjects, touching the Joye for the taking of the + Traitors. Licensed to R. Jones, August 27, 1586-7." + + 4. "A Short Discourse, expressing the Substance of all the late + intended Treasons against the Queenes Majestie and Estates of this + Realme by Sundrie Traytors, &c. Printed by G. Robinson for Edward + White." + +This tract contains an interesting ballad by T. Nelson, whom Mr. Collier +calls "the ballad-writing bookseller." See _Extracts from the Stationers' +Registers_, vol. ii. p. 214. A copy is preserved in the library of Lambeth +Palace. + +EDWARD F. RIMBAULT. + +_Seventh Son_ (Vol. iii. pp. 148. 149.; Vol. v., p. 412.).--Through the +information of a friend I awn able to add a curious "modern instance" to my +communication printed in the Number of "N. & Q." for May 1. In Saltash +Street, Plymouth, my friend copied, on the 10th Dec. 1851, the following +inscription on a board, indicating the profession and claims of the +inhabitant:-- + +"A. SHEPHERD, + +THE THIRD SEVENTH DAUGHTER, + +DOCTRESS." + +H. G. T. + +Weston-super-Mare. + +"_Venit ad Euphratem_" (Vol. v., p. 512.).--The epigram referred to by your +correspondent H. M. runs thus: + + "Venit ad Euphratem; rapidis perterritus undis, + Ut cito transivit, corripuit medium." + +S. Q. + +_Sneezing_ (Vol. v., pp. 364. 500.).--I have often seen, but where I cannot +now recollect, that the custom of saying "God bless you!" when any one +{573} sneezed, arose from the fact that in the great plague of Athens +sneezing was an unfailing proof of returning convalescence. Your classical +readers will remember the anecdote told in the _Anabasis_ of Xenophon (c. +ii. sect. i.-v.). I copy from Mitford, who has besides a note to the +purpose: + + "At daybreak the troops were assembled, and Chirosophus, Cleanor, and + Xenophon successively addressed them. An accident, in itself even + ridiculous, assisted not a little, through the importance attributed to + it by Grecian superstition, to infuse encouragement. Xenophon was + speaking of that favour from the gods which a righteous cause entitled + them to hope for against a perjured enemy, when somebody _sneezed_. + Immediately the general voice addressed ejaculations to protecting + Jupiter, whose omen it was supposed to be. A sacrifice to the god was + then proposed; a universal shout declared approbation; and the whole + army, in one chorus, sang the Pæan."--_History of Greece_, vol. v. p. + 185. cap. xxiii. sect. iv.: Lond. 1835, 8vo. + +We must not, however, forget that when Elisha restored the Shunamite's son +to life-- + + "The child _sneezed_ seven times, and the child opened his eyes."--_2 + Kings_, iv. 35. + +RT. + +_Rents of Assize_ (Vol. v., p. 188.).--Has not J. G. misquoted? Is not the +line-- + + "Regis ad exemplar, totus componitur orbis." + +J. E. + +Rochester. + +_Fire unknown_ (Vol. iv., pp. 209. 283. 331.).--In _An Account of the +Native Africans of Sierra Leone_, by T. M. Winterbottom: Lond. 1803, 2 +vols., occurs the following note to vol. i. p. 75.:-- + + "It is said that the inhabitants of the Marian or Ladrone islands were + ignorant of the use of fire before they were visited by the Spaniards; + but even then they were acquainted with the mode of producing + intoxication by means of the wine of the cocoa-nut tree." + +ZEUS. + +_Newtonian System_ (Vol. v., p. 490.).--The author of the pamphlet entitled +_The Theology and Philosophy of Cicero's Somnium Scipionis explained_, +London, 1751, 8vo., was Bishop Horne. He wrote it before he had attained +majority, and many attacks were made upon it. It is not included in the +edition of his collected works in 6 vols. 8vo. 1809. Bishop Warburton, who +cordially disliked the Hutchinsonians, or, as he styled them, the English +Cocceians, mentions this tract in his _Letters to Bishop Hurd_: + + "There is one book, and that no large one, which I would recommend to + your perusal; it is called _The Theology and Philosophy of Cicero's + Somn. Scip. examined_. It is indeed the ne plus ultra of + Hutchinsonianism. In this twelve-penny pamphlet Newton is proved an + atheist and a blockhead. And what would you more?"--Warburton's + _Letters to Hurd_, edit. 1808, 4to. p. 63. + +The anecdote as to Newton, Locke, and Lord Pembroke, p. 27., was first told +by Whiston, whose character for accuracy does not stand high, particularly +when Sir I. Newton, against whom he bore a grudge, is concerned. + +JAS. CROSSLEY. + +_Newton, Cicero, and Gravitation_ (Vol. v., p. 344.).--Newton is celebrated +for having proved that all bodies attract one another with a force varying +inversely as the square of the distance. What resemblance has this to a +statement, that all bodies gravitate to the centre of the world, or, as +explained by Cicero, the earth? which at most only implies its rotundity. +Perhaps S. E. B. was joking, like Hegel, when he said that Newton called +5/A^2 gravitation, and inferred that gravitation varied as 1/A^2. Otherwise +modern philosophers, as _e.g._ Kepler, would have supplied much nearer +approximations to Newton's law. + +ALTRON. + +_Rhymes on the Names of Places_ (Vol. v., p. 404.).--I remember hearing the +following verse in the neighbourhood of Nottingham: + + "Eaton and Taton, and Bramcote o' th' hill, + Beggarly Beeston, and lousy Chilwell; + Waterside Wilford, hey little Lenton! + Ho fine Nottingham! Colwick and Snenton." + +The villages whose names occur are all within a few miles of Nottingham. + +The following rhyme I have also heard: + + "Derbyshire born and Derbyshire bred, + Strong i' th' arm and weak i' the head." + +R. C. C. + +Oxon. + +_Saint Wilfrid's Needle_ (Vol. v., p. 510.), where, according to Burton, +"they used to try maids whether they were honest," is not, as B. B. +supposes, a stone, but a narrow passage in the crypt beneath the central +tower of Ripon Minster. This crypt is of Saxon workmanship, and is probably +either a part of the original church built by Saint Wilfrid, or "the new +work," which, according to Leland-- + + "Odo, Archebishop of Cantewarbyri ... causid to be edified, wher the + Minstre now is." + +This passage is said to have been used as a place of ordeal through which +maidens of suspected honesty were caused to pass,--a feat which none but a +virgin could accomplish. + +K. P. D. E. + +_"Measure for Measure," Act I. Sc. 1._ (Vol. v., p. 535.).--I should be +sorry to cast a cloud over the _satisfactory_ elucidation which A. E. B. +flatters himself he has made of a passage in _Measure for Measure_, for, if +not convincing, it is unquestionably ingenious. I am afraid, however, there +is one fatal objection, of which, when pointed out, I {574} doubt not your +correspondent will see the force. He says, "the demonstrative pronoun +_that_, refers to _the commission_ which the Duke holds in his hand;" but +is this the language we in England use? Until the Duke presented the +commission,--the act indicated by the words "there is our +commission,"--there cannot indeed be much doubt that he held it in his +hand; and while he did so, he would as certainly have said _this_, as I +speak of _this_ pen with which I write. + +Your correspondent challenges comment in assuming that his explanation was +satisfactory enough to preclude all correction. At the same time I must +confess I am altogether sceptical with regard to Mr. Halliwell's _verb_. +As, however, he has excited our curiosity, he will doubtless not object to +satisfy it. MR. SINGER's suggestion seems to me worthy of consideration; +but, after all, I feel that there is a degree of incoherency in the +passage, and so unsatisfactory a connexion between the words "and let them +work" and that which precedes, that I cannot help recurring to the idea +that a line has been lost,--an accident of not very uncommon occurrence. + +SAMUEL HICKSON. + +St. John's Wood. + +_"Stunt with false care," &c._ (Vol. v., p. 538.).--The lines alluded to, +though the first of them is incorrectly quoted, are from George Cox's +brilliant satire, _Black Gowns and Red Coats; or, Oxford in 1834_, +respecting which some information was recently furnished by your +correspondents S. F. C. (Vol. v., p. 297.) and C. W. B. (Vol. v., p. 332.) +in reply. The work is perhaps sufficiently scarce to warrant the citation +of the whole passage, which occurs at the commencement of Part V.: + + "When Philip's son, in all a monarch's pride, + With tempting boons approach'd the barrel's side, + Full in the sun his glitt'ring trains display'd, + And sought to cumber with officious aid, + The Cynic sneer'd, and only begg'd in spite + The free enjoyment of the beams of light. + Such were the humble prayer, the meek request + That Oxford's sons might ask their tyrants best; + The full out-pouring on their blinded youth + Of Nature's sunbeams, and the light of truth, + Rest from the burking systems of the sect, + Who kill with care more fatal than neglect, + Who twist with force unnatural aside + The straight young branches in their heaven-ward pride, + _With culture spoil_ what else would flourish wild, + And rock the cradle till they bruise the child." + +The poem in question, which is equal in talent to anything that has +appeared since the days of Pope, was published by Ridgway in 1834, but is +now rarely to be met with, though I never heard of its being suppressed. + +G. T. D. + +_The Lines on Chaucer_ (Vol. v., p. 536.).--The lines about which ELIZA +inquires are not quoted by her quite correctly. They are by Mr. W. J. Fox, +and may be found in the little volume entitled _Hymns and Anthems_ +(published by Chas. Fox, 1845), used at the Unitarian Chapel in South +Place, Finsbury. No. CXXIII. begins thus: + + "Britain's first poet, + Famous old Chaucer, + Swan-like in dying, + Sang his last song, + When at his heart-strings + Death's hand was strong," &c. + +JAYDEE. + +_Will O' the Wisp_ (Vol. v., p. 511.).--Will O' the Wisp still lives by the +banks of Trent; but alas! his reign is almost over. Fifty years ago he +might be seen nightly dancing over bog and brake; but since the process of +warping has been discovered, which has made valuable property of what was +before a morass, nearly the whole of the commons between Gainsborough and +the Humber have been brought into cultivation, and the drainage consequent +thereon has nearly banished poor Will. + +Any person wishing to make his acquaintance would probably succeed, if he +were to pass a night next November on Brumby or Scotton common. + +K. P. D. E. + + * * * * * + + +Miscellaneous. + +NOTES ON BOOKS, ETC. + +A late eminent scholar was in the habit of advising his friends, when in +doubt which of two books to buy: "If one of them is a Dictionary, always +buy the Dictionary:"--and the noble library which he bequeathed to the +public shows that he himself always acted upon this principle. What he said +of Dictionaries generally, will apply with particular force to the very +admirable _Dictionary of Science, Literature, and Art; comprising the +History, Description, and Scientific Principles of every Branch of Human +Knowledge, with the Derivation and Definition of all the Terms in General +Use_, edited by Professor Brande and Dr. Cauvin, with the assistance of +many eminent literary and scientific gentlemen, of which the second edition +is now before us. Our impression on opening it was, that NOTES & QUERIES +would find its occupation gone: and, although it is obvious that such +cannot be the case, we feel sure that if all Querists upon ordinary +subjects would turn to this excellent compendium of general information +before transmitting to us many such inquiries as we now receive, they would +at once be put in possession of the information of which they are in +search; and we should be spared a very considerable amount of labour. The +object which the proprietors proposed to themselves in the one closely +printed volume of which the {575} book consists, has been to supply the +place of those large Encyclopædias and Dictionaries of modern times which +are either too voluminous or too special for ready reference and general +use; and to produce, in a form which should admit of its being carried +about, a work which, without entering into long details of theories, &c., +should exhibit an _abstract of the principles of every branch of knowledge, +and a definition and explanation of the various terms in Science, +Literature, and Art_, which occur in reading or conversation, with that +facility of reference and precision of statement which ought to be the +distinguishing features of a useful Dictionary. Thanks to the knowledge and +good judgment of the editors and their assistants, this object has been so +successfully accomplished, that Brande's _Dictionary of Science, +Literature, and Art_, may be pronounced as at once a valuable substitute +for a small library, and an indispensable accompaniment and key to a large +one. + +The new volume (the sixth), which has just been issued, of Messrs. +Rivington's handsome edition of _The Works and Correspondence of the Right +Honourable Edmund Burke_, is one of peculiar interest, inasmuch as in +addition to his Tracts on the Laws against Popery in Ireland, and his +Reports of the House of Commons on the affairs of the East India Company, +and the Charges against Warren Hastings, it contains his Hints for an Essay +on the Drama, and the Essay towards an Abridgment of the English History in +Three Books. + + * * * * * + +BOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES + +WANTED TO PURCHASE. + +A NARRATIVE OF THE PROCEEDINGS IN THE DOUGLAS CAUSE. London, Griffin, 8vo. +1767. + +CLARE'S POEMS. Fcap. 8vo. Last edition. + +POETIC WREATH. 8vo. Newman. + +MALLET'S ELVIRA. + +MAGNA CHARTA; a Sermon at the Funeral of Lady Farewell, by George Newton. +London, 1661. + +BOOTHBY'S SORROWS SACRED TO THE MEMORY OF PENELOPE. Cadell and Davies. +1796. + +CHAUCER'S POEMS. Vol. I. Aldine Edition. + +BIBLIA SACRA, Vulg. Edit., cum Commentar. Menochii. Alost and Ghent, 1826. +Vol I. + +BARANTE, DUCS DE BOURGOGNE. Vols. I. and II. 1st, 2nd, or 3rd Edit. Paris. +Ladvocat. 1825. + +BIOGRAPHIA AMERICANA, by a Gentleman of Philadelphia. + +POTGIESERI DE CONDITIONE SERVORUM APUD GERMANOS. 8vo. Col. Agrip. + +THE BRITISH POETS. Whittingham's edition in 100 Vols., with plates. + +REPOSITORY OF PATENTS AND INVENTIONS. Vol. XLV. 2nd Series. 1824. + +------------------------ Vol. V. 3rd Series. 1827. + +NICHOLSON'S PHILOSOPHICAL JOURNAL. Vols. XIV. XV. 1806. + +JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL INSTITUTION OF GREAT BRITAIN. No. XI. 2nd Series. + +WORKS OF ISAAC BARROW, D.D., late Master of Trinity College, Cambridge. +London, 1683. Vol. I. Folio. + +LINGARD'S HISTORY OF ENGLAND. Vols. VI. VII. VIII. IX. XII. XIII., cloth. + +FABRICII BIBLIOTHECA LATINA. Ed. Ernesti. Leipsig, 1773. Vol. III. + +THE ANACALYPSIS. By Godfrey Higgins. 2 Vols. 4to. + +CODEX DIPLOMATICUS ÆVI SAXONICI, opera J. M. Kemble. Vols. I. and II. 8vo. + +ECKHEL, DOCTRINA NUMORUM. Vol. VIII. + +BROUGHAM'S MEN OF LETTERS. 2nd Series, royal 8vo., boards. Original +edition. + +KNIGHT'S PICTORIAL SHAKSPEARE. Royal 8vo. Parts XLII. XLIII. XLIV. L. and +LI. + +CONDER'S ANALYTICAL VIEW OF ALL RELIGIONS. 8vo. + +HALLIWELL ON THE DIALECTS OF SOMERSETSHIRE. + +SCLOPETARIA, or REMARKS ON RIFLES, &c. + +THE COMEDIES OF SHADWELL may be had on application to the Publisher of "N. +& Q." + +*** Letters, stating particulars and lowest price, _carriage free_, to be +sent to MR. BELL, Publisher of "NOTES AND QUERIES," 186. Fleet Street. + + * * * * * + +Notices to Correspondents. + +REPLIES RECEIVED.--_The Amber Witch--The Moon and her Influences--Gilbert +de Clare--Edmund Bohun--Mr. Miller of Craigentinny--Passage in "Measure for +Measure"--Fides Carbonarii--Oasis--Lord Bacon a Poet--Burials in +Woollen--Gabriel Hounds--Ben Jonson's adopted Sons--Market Crosses--Large +Families--The Death Watch--Baxter's Shove--Tortoise-shell Tom +Cats--Tregonwell Frampton--John Roger the Protomartyr--Epigram on the +Euphrates--Titles of the Queen of England--Gospel of the Distaffs--The +Number Seven--After me the Deluge--Restiff--Seven Senses--Mummy +Wheat--Lines on Woman--St. Wilfrid's Needle--Will o' the Wisp--Cross +Neytz--Surnames--Curse of Scotland--Lines on Crawford of Kilbirnie--The +Empress Josephine--Stunt with false Care--Lines on Burning of the Houses of +Parliament--Hoax on Sir Walter Scott--Amyciæ--Reason and +Understanding--Shakspeare's Seal--St. Patrick--Mistletoe--Nacar--The Oak +and the Ash--Toady or Toadeater--Sun Dial Motto--Frebord--Rhymes on +Places--Addison and Maxwell--King Arthur--Rabbit as a Symbol--St. +Christopher and the Doree--Smyth's MSS.--Term Milesian--Spanish Vessels +wrecked on Coast of Ireland._ + +_We are this week obliged by want of space to omit many interesting +Articles, Notes, and Replies to Correspondents._ + +W. K. (Leicester) _is thanked for his very kind offer, which we gladly +accept_. + +C. B. A. _shall receive early attention_. + +_Neat Cases for holding the Numbers of_ "N. & Q." _until the completion of +each Volume are now ready, price 1s. 6d., and may be had by order of all +booksellers and newsmen_. + +"NOTES AND QUERIES" _is published at noon on Friday, so that the Country +booksellers may receive Copies in that night's parcels and deliver them to +their Subscribers on the Saturday_. + + * * * * * + +MOURNING.--COURT, FAMILY, and COMPLIMENTARY.--The Proprietor of THE LONDON +GENERAL MOURNING WAREHOUSE begs respectfully to remind families whose +bereavements compel them to adopt Mourning Attire, that every article of +the very best description, requisite for a complete outfit of Mourning, may +be had at this Establishment at a moment's notice. + +ESTIMATES FOR SERVANTS' MOURNING, affording a great saving to families, are +furnished; whilst the habitual attendance of experienced assistants +(including dressmakers and milliners), enables them to suggest or supply +every necessary for the occasion, and suited to any grade or condition of +the community. 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It is read nearly +universally by Biblical Scholars. + +*** Catalogues for the July Number (No. 4, New Series) will be received +till the 26th. + +ROBERT B. BLACKADER, 13. Paternoster Row. + + * * * * * + +THE COMPANION TO THE ALMANAC, or YEAR BOOK OF GENERAL INFORMATION. A very +few perfect sets of this valuable work remain on hand, and may be had in 12 +vols. of two years each, from 1828 to 1851 inclusive, price 3l. The +Companion of 1852, price 2s. 6d., will, with 1853, form the 13th vol. + + "The unparalleled course of Public Improvements is here recorded year + by year in separate articles or Statistical Tables; and the series + forms a complete chronicle of the proceedings of both Houses of + Parliament, from the year 1828 to the present time." + +The vols. may be had separately, price 6s. + +C. KNIGHT, Fleet Street. + + * * * * * + +THE QUARTERLY REVIEW, No. CLXXXI. ADVERTISEMENTS for the forthcoming Number +must be forwarded to the Publisher by the 24th, and Bills for insertion by +the 26th instant. + +JOHN MURRAY, Albemarle Street. + + * * * * * + +WESTERN LIFE ASSURANCE AND ANNUITY SOCIETY, + +3. PARLIAMENT STREET, LONDON. + +Founded A.D. 1842. + + _Directors._ + H. Edgeworth Bicknell, Esq. + William Cabell, Esq. + T. Somers Cocks, Jun. Esq. M.P. + G. Henry Drew, Esq. + William Evans, Esq. + William Freeman, Esq. + F. Fuller, Esq. + J. Henry Goodhart, Esq. + T. Grissell, Esq. + James Hunt, Esq. + J. Arscott Lethbridge, Esq. + E. Lucas, Esq. + James Lys Seager, Esq. + J. Basley White, Esq. + Joseph Carter Wood, Esq. + + _Trustees._ + W. Whateley, Esq., Q.C.; + L. C. Humfrey, Esq., Q.C.; + George Drew, Esq. + +_Consulting Counsel._--Sir Wm. P. Wood, M.P. + +_Physician._--William Rich. Basham, M.D. + +_Bankers._--Messrs. Cocks, Biddulph, and Co., Charing Cross. + +VALUABLE PRIVILEGE. + +POLICIES effected in this Office do not become void through temporary +difficulty in paying a Premium, as permission is given upon application to +suspend the payment at interest, according to the conditions detailed on +the Prospectus. + +Specimens of Rates of Premium for Assuring 100l., with a Share in +three-fourths of the Profits:-- + + Age £ s. d. + 17 1 14 4 + 22 1 18 8 + 27 2 4 5 + 32 2 10 8 + 37 2 18 6 + 42 3 8 2 + +ARTHUR SCRATCHLEY, M.A., F.R.A.S., Actuary. + +Now ready, price 10s. 6d., Second Edition, with material additions, +INDUSTRIAL INVESTMENT and EMIGRATION: being a TREATISE on BENEFIT BUILDING +SOCIETIES, and on the General Principles of Land Investment, exemplified in +the Cases of Freehold Land Societies, Building Companies, &c. With a +Mathematical Appendix on Compound Interest and Life Assurance. By ARTHUR +SCRATCHLEY, M.A., Actuary to the Western Life Assurance Society, 3. +Parliament Street, London. + + * * * * * + + + Printed by THOMAS CLARK SHAW, of No. 8. New Street Square, at No. 5. + New Street Square, in the Parish of St. Bride, in the City of London; + and published by GEORGE BELL, of No. 186. Fleet Street, in the Parish + of St. Dunstan in the West, in the City of London, Publisher, at No. + 186. Fleet Street aforesaid.--Saturday, June 12, 1852. + + + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Notes and Queries, Number 137, June +12, 1852, by Various + +*** END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK 42039 *** |