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diff --git a/42026-0.txt b/42026-0.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..dede8b0 --- /dev/null +++ b/42026-0.txt @@ -0,0 +1,6272 @@ +*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK 42026 *** + + ENGLISH-BISAYA GRAMMAR + + In Twenty Eight Lessons. + + + + Abridged from the Grammars + Of the Recoleto + Fathers, Guillen, Nicolas and Zueco + + And translated into English for the use of the American people + + By + + R. P. Fr. Pedro Jimenez + Recoleto. + + + + Cebú--1904 + Imprenta de «El Pais» + + + + + + + + NOS DON SEVERINO PICZON Y QUINTO, + + PRESBITERO PROVISOR VICARIO GENERAL Y + GOBERNADOR ECLESIASTICO DEL + OBISPADO DE CEBU S.V. + +Por el tenor de las presentes y por lo que á nos toca, damos licencia +para que pueda imprimirse y publicarse la Gramática Anglo-Visaya +escrita por el R.P.Fr. Pedro Gimenez, Recoleto, atento á que según +lo manifestado por el M.R. Vicario Provincial de la órden, ha sido +censurada por dos Religiosos de la misma, que la han juzgado digna de +que se dé á la estampa, no conteniendo cosa alguna contraria á la fé +y buenas costumbres, y mandamos que se inserte este nuestro permiso +al principio de cada ejemplar. + +Dadas en Cebú, firmadas de nuestra mano, selladas con el de nuestro +oficio y refrendadas por el infrascrito Secretario de Gobierno á +treinta de Enero de mil novecientos cuatro. + + +SEVERINO PICZON. + + +(Hay un sello) (Hay una rúbrica) + + +Por mandado de SS. el Sr. Gobernador Eclesiástico. + + +JUAN P. GORORDO +(Hay una rúbrica.) + + + + + + + +PREFACE + + +In presenting this English-Bisaya Grammar I do not pretend to +be considered an author, my only aspiration is to be useful to my +American brethren in the priesthood, in order that they in turn, may +be so to the Bisaya people. The priest for the Bisaya people must +be one who will devote all his attention to them, live among them, +study their ways, their character, their tendencies, and therefore, +the study of their dialect is absolutely necessary to him, since +they, for the most part, do not know how to speak either Spanish or +English. In preparing this compilation I have used every effort to do +it as well as possible, but I am only a pupil in both the English and +Bisaya languages, and I believe, the work is not as perfect as would +be desired, but I indulge a hope that the kindness of my readers will +excuse my faults. + + + + + + + +BISAYA ALPHABET. + + +The letters made use of in the Bisaya alphabet, are twenty in number +as follows: + + + A. Ah. N. Ai-nay. + B. Bay. Ng. Ai-ngay. + C. Thay. Ñ Ai-nyay. + D. Day. O. Oh. + E. A or ay. P. Pay. + G. Hay. Q. Coo. + H. Atchay. S. Es say. + I. EE. T. Tay. + L. Ai-lay. U. OO. + M. Ai-may. Y. EE (griega). + + +The vowels are A, E, I, O, U, and Y at the end of a word. The vowels +are never silent, except U in the syllables que, qui, the sound of +which corresponds to that heard in the English words Kedge, Keep, Key. + + +A sounds always like A in alam. +B sounds like B in back +C before a, o, u, sounds like K in English, as--caadlaoon--The + dawn of the day--Coco--Nail of the fingers. +D at the beginning of a word or in the middle, if preceded by a + consonant, is pronounced like in English. At the end of a word + or between two vowels has a sound between D and R, which may be + obtained by placing the tip of the tongue against the higher + teeth turning the thick part towards the roof of the mouth. +G has always a very smooth sound like in English before a, o, u, + as--ginicanan, forefathers--gintoon-an, scholar. +H has a slight aspirated sound like a very faintly aspirated h in + English in the words horse, hog--as--hocom, judge--habagat, a + strong wind--hilanat, fever. +E, I these vowels although sound like in English, nevertheless, + natives confound them very often: the same shall be said of the + vowels O and U; and this is the reason why the P. John Felix's + Dictionary employs but I and O, instead E, I--O, U. +L sounds like in English, as--lamdag, brightness--libac, + backbiting. +M sounds like in English: as--mata, eye--motó-top. +N sounds like in English; as--nipis, fine, thin. +Ng this letter has no equivalent in English, and it must be heard + from the natives. +Ñ this letter has a strong nasal sound resembling that of n in the + English word "poniard" out of Bohol province, where it is + pronounced as in the English word--manger and written ny: as, + caninyo, bonyag, instead of caniño, boñag. +O sounds like in English; as--olan, rain--úhao, thirst. +P sounds as in English:--pito, seven--ponó, fill. +Q is always followed by u, and pronounced like K; as, quinabuhi, + life, quilay, eyebrow, quilquil, scratching. +S has always a harsh, hissing sound like ss in English. There is + not a word in Bisaya beginning with s followed by a consonant. +T sounds as in English, as--tabang, help, tiao, joke. +U sounds like in English in the words "proof, goose" but it is + frequently confounded with O. (See I and E on the preceding + page). +Y sounds like ee in English at the end of a word; but before a + vowel, or between two vowels, sounds like in the English words + "joke, jolt" as--yabó, pour.--This letter when after a noun or + pronoun, if the same noun or pronoun, is employed instead of the + particle ang, being as it does, an article of appellative nouns. + Examples: I did that--acó ang nagbuhat niana, or, acoy nagbuhat + niana--What is the reason of that.--¿Onsa ba ang hingtungdan + niana? or ¿Onsay hingtungdan niana? + + + + + + + +FIRST LESSON. + +OF THE ARTICLE. + + +1.a The article in the Bisaya dialect is divided into determinate +and indeterminate and of the proper names. + +2.a The determinate article is ang for singular, and ang mga or sa +mga according to the cases for plural. + +3.a The indeterminate article is usa, one for the singular; and uban, +pila or mapila, some for the plural. + +4.a The article of the proper names is si for both masculine and +feminine. + + +Declension of the Articles. + + +DEFINITE ARTICLE. + +SINGULAR. + + + N. The dog. Ang iro. + G. Of the dog. Sa iro. + D. To the dog. Sa iro. + Ac. The dog. Sa iro. + Vc. Oh dog. Sa iro. + Abl. With the dog. Sa iro. + + +PLURAL. + + + N. The dogs. Ang mga iro. + G. Of the dogs. Sa mga iro. + D. To the dogs. Sa mga iro. + Ac. The dogs. Sa mga iro. + Vc. Oh dogs. Sa mga iro. + Abl. With the dogs. Sa mga iro. + + + +INDEFINITE ARTICLE. + +SINGULAR + + + A letter. Usa ca sulat. + A dog. Usa ca iro. + One and another Ang usa ug ang usa + + +PLURAL. + +Some wish, while others do not--ang uban bu-ut, ang uban dili--Some +of the trees, which are there--Pipila sa mga cahuy dihá. + + + +The Article of the Proper Names + + +SINGULAR. + + + N. Peter. Si Pedro. + G. Of Peter. Ni Pedro. + D. To Peter. Can Pedro. + Ac. Peter. Can Pedro. + Vc. Peter. Oy Pedro. + Abl. With Peter. Can Pedro. + + +Remark l.a The article of the proper names is used also to point out +a person and his companions, as: + + + N. Joseph and his friends. Sila si José. + G. Of Joseph and of his friends. ila ni José. + + +2.a This article serves also to express kindness or love: as.--My +Mother, Si nanay.--My father, Si tatay.--The female child, Si +inday--The parish Priest, Si amoy--My eldest sister, Si manang. + +3.a The English compounded words, wooden, golden etc. change the +affix en into nga, as:--The wooden cross, Ang cruz nga cahoy--The +golden ring, Ang singsing nga bulauan. + +4.a When we point out the destination of a thing, it is employed the +article sa--Thus: The water vat, Ang tadyao sa tubig.--The bottle of +wine, Ang botella sa vino. + +5.a When it refers to the property of any one, it is as +follows.--John's hat, Ang calo ni Juan. + +6.a The article sa is employed, when the thing it refers to is +determinate, but when it is indeterminate, the article ug must be used, +as: Bring the money, Magdala ca sa sapi. Give me money, Taga-an mo +acó ug salapi. + + +PLURAL. + +1.a The plural is formed in Bisaya by placing mga after the article +ang or sa. + +Declension. + + + N. The cats Ang mga iring + G. Of the cats Sa mga iring + D. To the cats Sa mga iring + Ac. The cats Sa mga iring + Vc. Oh cats Mga iring + Abl. With the cats Sa mga iring + + +2.a When the possessive case is placed before the name, it must +be placed between ang and mga, thus--My friends, ang acong mga +higala--Your shoes, ang imong mga sapin. + +3.a Rem. The Bisaya article like the English, does not distinguish +the gender, but there are two ways of distinguishing the masculine and +feminine in this dialect: 1. By using different words: Ex, ang bana, +the husband; ang asaua, the wife; ang amahan, the father: ang inahan, +the mother. 2. By the suffixes lalaqui and babaye; Ex. ang iro nga +lalaqui, the dog, ang iro nga babaye, she dog; ang bata nga lalaqui, +the boy; ang bata nga babaye, the girl. + + + +Examples of the article. + +Joseph's soul, ang calag ni José--John's ground. ang yuta ni Juan, +or ang can Juan nga yuta--Who is at Peter's house, ang sa can Pedro +nga balay, or ang sa balay ni Pedro--Bring the rice: Magdala ca +ug bugas--My mother and sister are at John's cottage, Si nanay ug +si inday tua sa camalig ni Juan--My brothers are rich, Ang acong +mga igso-on salapia-non man--Are you Peter's father?, Icao ba ang +amahan ni Pedro?--I am, Acó man--Who is the owner? ¿Quinsa ba ang +tagia?--Where is your son?, Hain ba ang imong anac?--He is at the +cockfight, Tua sia sa bulangan--Has he much money?, Daghan ba ang iang +salapi?--He has but a few coins, Pipila lamang ca dacó--Let us go. Tala +na quitá--Good by. Ari na came--That man is a drunkard. Palahubóg +man canang tao--He is a drinker, but not a drunkard. Palainom man +sia, apan dili palahubóg--Where is my father?, ¿Hain ba ang acong +amahan?--Here he is; Ania dinhi--Who are those men?, ¿Quinsa ba canang +mga tao?--They are my friends. Mao ang acong mga higala. + + + + +Exercise I. + +Have you the bread?--Yes, sir, I have the bread: Have you your +bread?--I have my bread.--Have you the salt?--I have the salt--Have you +my salt?--I have your salt.--Have you the soap?--I have the soap--Which +(onsa nga) soap have you?--I have your soap--Which shirt have you?--I +have my shirt, (ang acong sinina)?--Have you much money?--I have much +money--Where is your sister?--She is at the garden (tanaman sa mga +bulac)--Where is your father?--He is here. + + + + + + + +SECOND LESSON. + +OF THE NOUNS. + + +Supposing the pupil knows the classification of the nouns into +proper, common or appellative &., we shall occupy ourselves with +their formation, being as it is, so much diverse and usual. + +A great number of nouns and verbs are compounded in Bisaya by means +of roots and particles. + +The root is the word which contains in itself the signification of +the thing, but can not express it without any other word, which we +call a particle, to which the root must be united. + +1.a With the particle ca at the beginning of the root, and an +after, are formed collective nouns, and nouns of place, as:--Grove, +cacahoyan--Banana plantation, casagingan. + +2.a With the particle ca before, are formed the nouns of quality, +as:--Whiteness,--Ang caputi. + +3.a By placing the particle pagca before the roots, are formed the +abstract nouns, and those pointing out the essence of the things, as: + + + Sweetness. Ang catam-is. + Mercy. Ang calo-oy. + Kindness. Ang caayo. + Divinity. Ang pagca Dios. + Humanity. Ang pagca taoo. + Hardness. Ang pagca guhi. + + +4.a With the particle isigca before the root, are formed correlative +nouns, placing the possessive pronoun in genitive case, as: + + + My like. Ang isigcataoo co. + + +5.a With the particles mag and man are formed substantive and adjective +nouns, duplicating the first syllable of the roots, thus: + + + The writer. Ang magsusulat. + The tailor. Ang magtatahi. + The maker. Ang magbubuhat. + The surgeon. Ang mananambal. + The almsgiver. Ang manlilimos. + + +6. With the particle pala before, are formed several substantives, as: + + + The drunk. Ang palahubóg. + The tippler Ang palainom. + The writer. Ang palasulat. + + +7.a With tag before the root, are formed nouns expressing the owner +of a thing, as: + + + The owner of the house. Ang tagbalay. + The master of the vessel. Ang tagsacayan. + The owner of the world. Ang tagcalibutan. + + +8.a Putting this same particle before the words signifying the seasons +of the year or the atmospherical changes, points out the time of these +changes: and placing it before words signifying the farming-works, +it shows the time of those operations. In some provinces are used +also in this same sense, the particles tig and tin, thus: + + + Rain time. tagolan. + Warm time. tiginit. + Harvest time. tagani--tinani, or tig-ani. + + +9.a The particle taga before the nouns of countries or nations, +serves to ask some one about his town, as: + + + Where are you from? Taga di-in ca ba? + I am from Spain. Taga España man acó. + Of which town? Taga di-in ca nga longsod? + From Cornago. Taga Cornago. + + +10.a Taga signifies also until, and points out the end of the action, +as: + + + To the knee. Taga tohod. + To the neck. Taga liug. + As far as the floor. Taga salug. + + +11.a By means of the articles pag and pagca are formed the verbal +substantives. Ex: + + + Making or to make. Ang pagbuhat. + Walking or to walk. Ang paglacao. + Reading or to read. Ang pagbasa. + Resuscitating or to resuscitate. Ang pagcabanhao. + Dying or to die. Ang pagcamatay. + + +12.a Placing the particle tagi before the root it points out permanency +on a place, as: + + + Inhabitant of a place. Tagilongsod. + Countryman. Tagibanua. + + + +Declension of the common nouns. + +SINGULAR. + + N. The cotton. ang gapas. + G. Of the cotton. sa gapas. + D. To the cotton. sa gapas. + + +PLURAL + + N. The cottons. ang mga gapas. + G. Of the cottons. sa mga gapas. + D. To the cottons. sa mga gapas. + + + +Practical examples + +Don't approach the intoxicated Ayao icao dumo-ol sa palahubóg. +man. +Hardness is the molave merit. Ang caayo sa tugás ana-a sa cagahi + nia. +Love your neighbour, for that is Mahagugma ca sa imong isigcataoo, +a commandment of God. cay gisugo sa Dios. +Don't sow nor plant in warm time. Sa tigadlao ayo pagtanom ug + pagpugás. +God is the Maker of all things. Ang Dios mao ang Magbubuhat sa + ngatanan. +The river water reaches as far as Ang tubig sa subá miabut tagahaoac. +the waist. +Who has my book? ¿Hain ba ang acong libro? +Where is my book? ¿Hain ba ang libro co? +I have it. Ania man canaco. +Where is the horse? ¿Hain ba ang cabayo? +I do not know. Ambut lamang. +How does that concern you? ¿Onsay imo dihá? +Every oneself. Iyahay lang quitá. +So must it be. Mao man cana unta. + + + + +Exercise II. + +Good morning, how are you?--Very well, I thank you--Where are you +from?--I am from Spain--Of which town?--From Conago--Who (quinsa) has +my book?--I have it--Who is that young Lady?--She is Miss Kate--Where +is my trunk (caban)?--The servant has it--Have you my fine glasses?--I +have them--Have you the fine horses of my neighbours?--I have not +them--Who are you?--I am John--Are you Peter's father?--I am. + + + + + + + +THIRD LESSON. + +OF THE CARDINAL NUMBERS. + + +The father Encina divides the numbers into primitives, ordinals, +distributives and vicenales. + +The primitive numerals are those which serve to count, and are the +followings: + + + 1 One. Usá. + 2 Two. Duha. + 3 Three. Tolo. + 4 Four. Upat. + 5 Five. Lima. + 6 Six. Unum. + 7 Seven. Pito. + 8 Eight. Ualo. + 9 Nine. Siam. + 10 Ten. Napolo. + 11 Eleven. Napolo ug usá. + 12 Twelve. Napolo ug duha. + 13 Thirteen. Napolo ug tolo. + 14 Fourteen. Napolo ug upat. + 15 Fifteen. Napolo ug lima. + 16 Sixteen. Napolo ug unum. + 17 Seventeen. Napolo ug pito. + 18 Eighteen. Napolo ug ualo. + 19 Nineteen. Napolo ug siam. + 20 Twenty. Caluha-an. + 30 Thirty. Catlo-an. + 40 Forty. Capat-an. + 50 Fifty. Calim-an. + 60 Sixty. Canum-an. + 70 Seventy. Capito-an. + 80 Eighty. Caualo-an. + 90 Ninety. Casiam-an. + 100 One hundred. Usa ca gatus. + 101 One hundred and one Usa ca gatus ug usá. + 200 Two hundred. Duha ca gatus. + 300 Three hundred. Tolo ca gatus. + 1000 One thousand. Usa ca libo. + 1001 One thousand and one. Usa ca libo ug usá. + 2000 Two thousand. Duha ca libo. + + + Ten children. Napolo ca bata. + Twenty horses. Caluha-an ca cabayo. + Two hundred and twenty guns. Duha ca gatus caluha an ug duha ca + fusil. + Five hundred and ninety one Lima ca gatus casiam-an ug usa ca + soldiers. soldalo. + One thousand men. Usa ca libo ca taoo. + + + +Remarks: + +1.a The English forms "a hundred, a thousand", are rendered into +Bisaya by usa ca gatus, usa ca libo. Expressions like "eighteen +hundred" must be translated as:--one thousand eight hundred, ex: +The year 1898.--Usa ca libo ualo ca gatus casiaman ug usa. + +2.a The unity begins by a consonant duplicates, the first syllable, +when points out any quantity. The denaries are formed by putting before +unity the particle ca and an after, as we have seen. Ca serves also +to join the numbers to the nouns, thus: Usa cataoo.--Napolo ca pisos, +upat ca adlao. + + + +Ordinal Numbers. + + + 1st. Ang nahaona. + 2d. Ang icaduha. + 3d. Ang icatolo-tlo. + 4th. Ang icaupat-pat. + 5th. Ang icalima. + 6th. Ang icaunum. + 7th. Ang icapito. + 8th. Ang icaualo. + 9th. Ang icasiam. + 10th. Ang icapolo. + 11th. Ang icapolo ug usa. + 12th. Ang icapolo ug duha. + 13th. Ang icapolo ug tolo. + 14th. Ang icapolo ug upat + 15th. Ang icapolo ug lima. + 20th. Ang icacaluhaan. + 21th. Ang icacaluhaan ug usa. + 30th. Ang icacatloan. + 40th. Ang icacaupatan + 50th. Ang icacalim-an + 100th. Ang icausa ca gatus. + + +The month.--Ang bulan. +The day.--Ang adlao. +The week.--Ang semana. + + +What is the date to day.--¿Icapila quita caron?--To-day is the sixth +of March of the year 1901.--Sa icaunum ca adlao sa bulan sa Marzo sa +usa ca libo siam ca gatus ng usa ca tuig. + + + +Days of the week + + + Monday. Lunes. + Tuesday. Martes. + Wednesday. Miercoles. + Thursday. Jueves. + Friday. Viernes. + Saturday. Sabado. + Sunday. Domingo. + + + +Months of the year. + +(The months and the days of the week are taken from the Spanish +language). + + + January. Enero. + February. Febrero. + March. Marzo. + April. Abril. + May. Mayo. + June. Junio. + July. Julio. + August. Agosto. + September. Setiembre. + October. Octubre. + November. Noviembre. + December. Diciembre. + + + A century. Usa ca siglo. + A year. Usa ca tuig. + A month. Usa ca bulan. + A week. Usa ca semana. + A day. Usa ca adlao. + An hour. Usa ca horas. + A minute. Usa ca minuto. + To day. Caron adlao. + Yesterday. Cahapon. + To-morrow. Ugma. + Next year. Tuig nga muabut. + Last year. Tuig nga miagui. + Day before yesterday. Cahapon sa usa ca adlao. + Day after to-morrow. Ugma damlag. + Three days ago. Canianhi. + Last week. Semana nga miagui. + At half past one. Sa á la una y media. + At a quarter past one. Sa á la una y cuarto. + At a quarter to one. Cuarto sa la una. + + + + +Partitive Numbers + +The partitive numbers are formed by adding to the cardinals--ca +bahin--thus: + + + One part. Usa ca bahin. + The half. Ang ca tunga. + One third. Ang ica tlo. + One fourth. Ang ica upat. + + +Ex: + + +The half of the heirdom belongs to Ang catunga sa cabilin nahatungud +me. canaco. +Divide among them the half of the Bahinan mo sila sa catunga sa +cocoa-nut. lubi. + + + +Distributive numbers + +The distributive numbers are formed by putting tag or tinag before +the cardinal numbers, thus: + + + One after one. Tagsa or tinagsa. + Two after two. Tagurha or tinagurha. + Twenty after twenty. Tagcaluhaan. + Put the children in a row one by Ipalumbay mo ang mga bata sa + one. tinagsa. + What wages did you pay them? ¿Sa tagpila guisoholan mo sila? + Seven shillings to each one. Sa tagpito ca sicapat. + Each man shall be judged by God. Ang tagsa ca taoo pagahocman sa + Dios. + + + +Vicenal Numbers + +The vicenal or proportional numbers, so called for explaining the +proportion between two unities, one of which is contained in the other, +are formed in Bisaya by putting the particle naca or maca before the +cardinal numbers. Naca for past tense, and maca for the future: Thus: + + +Once. Naca or macausa. +Twice. Naca or macaduha. + +Three times. Naca or macatolo. +Four times. Naca or macaupat. +One hundred times. Naca or maca usa ca gatus. +How many times have you read the Sa nacapila ba icao nagbasa sa +letter? sulat? +Many times. Sa nacadaghan. +How many times have you weeped? Sa nacapila ba icao naghilac? +Five times. Sa nacalima. +How many times have you visited Sa nacapila ba icao nagduao sa +church? Singbahan? +Seven times Sa nacapito. +Are there some fish in the Duna bay isda sa Longsod? +village? +There are a good plenty of fish. Duna man ug daghan isda. +How old are you? Pila ca tuig ang edad mo? +I am twenty seven years old. Caluhaan ug pito ca tuig ang acong + edad. +You are a young man yet. Bata pa icao. +How much is your daily wage? Tagpila ang imong sohol sa usa ca + adlao? +Two dimes. Duha ca sevillana (peseta) +What have you at home? Onsa ba ang ana-a sa iño? +We have rice and fish. Ania sa amo bugás ug isda. +Where is your shirt? Hain ba ang sinina mo? + + + + +Exercise III. + +Where is my book!--Under the chair--Where is my hat?--It is on the +table--Is it on the table?--No; it is upon the bed--Did you read the +book?--I did not--How many books have you written?--I have written +one--How many times have you read the letter?--Many times--How many +times have you weeped?--Five times--How much is your daily wage?--Two +dimes--How old are you?--I am twenty seven years old--How old is +she?--She is not yet twenty years old--Have you burnt yourself?--Each +man has his taste--Have you a mind to sleep?--No: I have a mind to +speak--Do you fear this man?--I don't fear him--At what o'clock do +you go to bed?--I go to bed at sunset, and I get up at sunrise. + + + + + + + +FOURTH LESSON + +OF THE PRONOUNS. + + +The Bisaya pronouns are divided into personal, demonstrative, +possessive and relative. The personal pronouns are: + + + SINGULAR. PLURAL. + + I. Acó We. Quitá, Camé + Thou, you. Icao, ca. You. Camó. + He, she. Sia. They. Sila. + + + +Declension of the personal pronouns + +First Person + + + SINGULAR. PLURAL. + + N. I. Acó. We. Camé, quitá. (1) + G. Of me. Acó, co, naco, ta. Of us. Amo, namo, ato, ta. + D. To me. Canaco. To us. Canamo, canato. + + + +(1) Quitá is used when the speaker excludes not those, to whom he is +speaking, and camé when he does. + + +2d. Person + + + SINGULAR. PLURAL. + + N. Thou or you. Icao, ca. You. Camó. + G. Of thee or you. Imo, nimo. Of you. Iñó, niñó + D. To thee, you. Canimo. To you. Caniñó. + + +3d. Person + + + SINGULAR. PLURAL. + + N. He, she. Sia. They. Sila. + G. Of him, her. Iya, nia. Of them. Ila, nila. + D. To him, her. Cania. To them. Canila. + + +The pronoun Icao may be used indifferently before or after the +verbs. The nominative case ca must be placed before the verbs in the +negative and final sentences; in other cases, always after them. + + +You will carry. Icao magadala. +You will weep. Icao magahilac. +Don't lie. Dili ca magbacac. +To make known to you. Aron ca mahibalo. +We the Christians. Quitá (when all Christians.) ang mga + cristianos. +Lord, forgive us sinners. Guino-o pasayloa camé nga mga macasasala. + + +Both singular and plural objective cases of the first, second and +third persons begin by a vowel, are placed before the nouns and verbs, +and those begin by a consonant must be put after them: thus: + + + My shoes. Ang acong mga sapin. + Your money. Ang salapi mo. + Our country. Ang atong yuta. + His vessel. Ang sacayan nia. + Your net. Ang imong sahid. + You are my beloved. Hinigugma co icao. + + + +Demonstrative pronouns. + +Declension. + + + SINGULAR. PLURAL. + + N. This. Quini. These. Quining mga. + G. Of this. Niini. Of these. Niining mga. + D. To this. Niini. To these. Niining mga. + + +The demonstrative pronouns are used instead of repeating the +substantives. They also serve for distinguishing between substantives +exposed or understood; and when employed with substantives, for +pointing out clearly the distinction between them. + + + SINGULAR. PLURAL. +N. That. Cana; (far from the Those. Canang mga (far....) + speaker) cadto. Cadtong mga. +G. Of that. Niana; (far....) Of those. Nianang mga + niadto. (far....) Niadtong + mga. + + + This near. Cari. + Of this near. Niari + Those near. Caring mga. + Of those near. Niaring mga. + Now. Caron. + Of now. Niaron. + + +Remark + +Quini, refers to the persons or things nearest to the speaker: cana, +to the persons or things nearest to the persons spoken to: cadto, is +used to point out persons or things distant, both from the speaker +and from the person spoken to. It is also employed this pronoun, +but in genitive case, when speaking of events long time ago past, +as: In those days.--Niadtong mga tiempo. + +The adverb caron, is employed also as a demonstrative pronoun: thus: + + +This morning. Caron buntag. +Noon. Odto. +Afternoon. Hapon. +This night. Caron gabi-i +This woman. Quining babaye. +These women. Quining mga babaye. +Have you this pen or that? Na-a ba canimo quining pluma cun + cadto ba? +I have neither this nor that, but Uala canaco quini ug cadto, apan +I have this other. ani-a canaco cari. +He arrived yesterday about this Nacabut sia cahapon maingon niaron. +time. + + + +Possessive pronouns. + +Are formed by the genitives of the personal pronouns, and are always +joined to a noun before it, when begin by a vowel, and after, when +by a consonant, Ex: + + + My hat. Ang acong calo. + Your shirt. Ang sinina mo. + Your shoes. Ang iñong mga sapin. + Your religion. Ang religion niñó. + Our house. Ang atong balay. + His parishioners. Ang mga sacup nia. + + + +Relative pronouns.--Interrogative. + + +The relative--interrogative pronouns, are: + + + Who? ¿Quinsa? + What? ¿Onsa? + Which? ¿Hain? + + + Who is that man? Quinsa ba canang taoo? + Who is there? Quinsa ba dihá? + Which of you? Quinsa ba caniño? + What is that? Onsa ba cana? + Where is the money? Hain ba ang salapi? + + +Remark + +The particle ba, has not signification, but serves to point out the +interrogative and dubitative sentences. + +The relative pronouns simple, are translated into Bisaya by nga, as: + + + I saw him bathing himself. Naquita co sia nga naligo. + Dreadful shall be the punishment Daco man ang castigo nga + you shall have into hell ipahamtang canimo sa infierno. + The man whom I saw yesterday has Ang tao nga naquita co cahapon + fallen from the cocoa-tree. naholog sa lubí. + + + + +Exercise IV. + +Where are you going?--I am going into the church--Have you this pen +or that?--I have neither this nor that, but I have this other. + +When did he arrive?--He arrived yesterday about this time--Where is +she? She is at home--Do you speak Bisaya?--Not yet--I have bought +the horse of which you spoke to me. + +When did you buy it?--Yesterday--Where do you intend to take me +to?--What is the date to day?--To day is the twenty first--I speak +to those to whom you have spoken. + +Where did you speak to them?--I spoke to them at the street. + + + + + + + +FIFTH LESSON. + +OF THE ADJECTIVE. + + +Remark: 1.a The Bisaya adjectives are formed by putting before the +root the particle Ma as: + + + Wiser. Maalam. + Good. Maayo. + Pretty. Maanindut. + Ugly. Mangil-ad. + + +2.a Putting after these adjectives the syllables on, hon, an, han +are formed the followings: + + + Sick-ill Masaquit-on. + Envious. Masinahon. + Pale. Maluspad-on. + Sad. Mamingao-on. + + +3.a By putting the particles on, hon, an, han, after the root, are +formed adjectives signifying qualities both moral and physical: ex. + + + Talker. Tabian. + Pock marked. Butihon. + Fat. Tambocon. + Rich. Adunahan. + + +4.a With the particle ha before are formed adjectives of distance: +by means of the particle hi are formed those pointing out frequency +in the action: thus: + + + Short. Hamobo. + Often feeder. Hingaon. + Far. Halayo. + Often drinker. Hinginom. + + +5.a Inserting la, li, lo, between the first two syllables of the root, +and placing on, after the last are formed adjectives of quality, as: + + + Worthy. Talahoron. + Worshipful. Silingbahon. + + +6.a Are also formed adjectives of quality by putting mangi before +the root, and an after, as: + + + Merciful. Mangilooyan. + Wise. Mangialaman. + + +7.a With the particle Maca, and duplicating the first syllable of +the root are formed adjectives, as: + + + Poisonous. Macahihilo. + Dreadful. Macalilisang. + + +8.a With the particle ma before the root and inserting in between the +first two syllables, and adding on to the last, are formed adjectives +of quality, thus: + + + Respectful. Matinahoron. + Obedient. Masinugtanon. + + +9.a Inserting pa between ma and the first syllable of the root, and +adding on to the last, are formed adjectives of quality; and also by +means of pa, before the root, as: + + + Humble. Mapaubsanon. + Haughty. Palabilabihon. + + +Ex: + + +The wise men understand the Ang mga maquinaadmanon nacatuquib sa +high explanations. mga hata-as nga mga casayodan. +I saw an awful snake. Naquita co ug usá ca halas nga + macalilisang. +The merciful man helps to his Ang taoo nga mangilooyan nacatabang sa +neighbour. isig-catao nia. + + + + +Exercise V. + +I see the children to whom you have given the books, and I have met +also with the men to whom you have spoken. The wise men understand +the high explanations. The merciful man helps to his neighbour--What +have you to do?--I have to speak to the men--When have you to speak +to them?--This evening--At what o'clock?--At half past eight--Have +you my shirt or my sister's?--I have both--Have you the golden ribbons +of my mother?--I have not them--Who has them?--My sister has them--Do +you wish to go out?--I wish not to go out--Why?--Because I am sick. + + + + + + + +SIXTH LESSON + +DIMINUTIVE ADJECTIVES. + + +l.a The diminutive adjectives not only express diminution, but also +an accessory idea of either tenderness, love or contempt. + +The diminutives are formed in Bisaya by means of the adjective +diutay. When they have but two syllables, are formed by duplicating +the root, and also, by placing the syllables la, li, lo, after the +first letter of the root, Ex: + + + Small horse. Diutay nga cabayo. + Small eyes. Mata mata. + Small house. Balay balay. + Slight fault. Sayop nga diutay. + + +2.a The adjectives of ma, become diminutives by putting before, +the particle malo, as: + + + Somewhat valiant. Malomaisug. + Somewhat fat. Matolotambuc. + + +3.a The same adjectives become diminutives by duplicating the root, as: + + + Somewhat sweet. Matam-istam-is. + Somewhat bitter. Mapait-pait. + + +4.a Adding a, to the nouns, are formed diminutives expressing contempt +or disregard, as: + + + Worthless woman. Babayeha. + Nag. Cabayoa. + + +5.a When this letter a is added, but not in contemptible sense, +serves to point out that the subject or object is unknown to us, as: + + +What kind of medicine is that? ¿Onsa nga tambala cana? +What kind of tree is that? ¿Onsa ba ang calainan nianang cahuya? + + + +Degrees of Comparison + +The degrees of comparison are formed in Bisaya by adding to the +superiority Lapi pa, to the equality ingon, and to the inferiority, +as we have seen, Diutay pa. + +Ex. + + + Large. Dacó. + Larger. Labi pa nga dacó. + Largest. Ang labing dacó. + Small. Diutay. + Smaller. Labi pa nga diutay. + Smallest. Ang labing diutay. + Well, Good. Maayo. + Better. Labi pang maayo. + Best. Ang labing maayo. + Bad. Dautan. + Worse. Labi pang dautan. + Worst. Ang labi nga dautan. + More. Labi pa. + Less. Diutay pa. + More, than. Labi pa; daghan pa, sa. + Less, than. Diriot pa; culang pa, sa. + Very much. Caayo or uyamut. + As much, as. Magsama sa cadaghan, ug. + Not as much. Dili ingon. + + +Ex: + + +Have you as many friends as I? ¿Magsama ba sa cadaghan sa mga higala + mo ug ang aco? +I have less money than he. Diriot pa ang acong salapi sa iya. +This book is small, that is Quining libro diutay man, cadto labi +smaller, and that is the pang diutay, ug cari mao ang lab ng +smallest of all. diutay sa ngatanan. +This hat is large, but that is Quining calo dacó man, apan cadto +larger. labi pang dacó. + +Is your hat as large as mine? ¿Ang imong calo dacó ba ingon sa aco? +It is not so large as your. Diutay pa sa imo? +Do your children write as much Ang Pagsulat sa imong mga anac +as we? tagingon ba + sa pagsulat namo? +Do you read as often as I? ¿Nagabasa ca ba sa masubsub ingon + canaco? +As early as you. Masayo ingon canimo. +God is the best Father. Ang Dios mao ang lobing maayo nga + Amahan. + + +Remarks l.a The comparative of inferiority is formed by translating +the adverbs less by diutay, diriut pa, ingon nga, culang, and than, +into sa. + +Ex. + + + I have less rice than coffee. Diriut pa ang acong bugás sa capé. + Your father is less wise tan Ang amahan mo culang sa quinaadman + mine. sa aco. + Your ring is not so nice as my Ang singsing mo dili ingon nga + mother's. maanindut sa can nanay. + + +2.a The comparative of equality is formed by translating the adverbs +as or so into magsama, and the second adverb as into ug, and both +terms of comparison in nominative case, as: + +Ex: + + + Have you as many friends as ¿Magsama ba ang cadaghan sa mga higala + I? mo ug ang aco? + + +3.a The comparative of superiority is formed by translating more +by labi pa, and than into sa; and also into dili, but in this case, +both terms of comparison must be placed in nominative case, like in +the comparatives of majority and of inferiority: Ex. + + +Honor is more precious that Labi pang tacus higugmaon ang catahod-an +riches. sa pagcadaghan sa catigayonan + + +4.a The relation of majority more, may be also rendered by daghan pa, +and than, by sa or dili. + +Ex: + + + I have more silver than Daghan pa ang acong salapi sa bulaoan + gold. co, or (dili ang bulaoan co). + I have less shoes than hats. Diutay pa ang mga sapin co, dili ang + acong mga calo. + + + + +Exercise VI + +I have as much money as you--Have you as many friends as I?--We have +less money than they--This book is small, that is smaller, and that +is the smallest of all--This hat is large, but that is larger--Is your +hat as large as mine? It is larger than yours--Do your children write +as much as we?--They write more than you--My father has more silver +than gold--Your ring is not so nice as my mother's--Your father +is less wise than mine--I have less rice than coffee--Do you read +as often as I?--Do you listen to what your brother tell you?--Yes, +I listen to it--God is the best Father. + + + + + + + +SEVENTH LESSON + +UNITIVE PARTICLES. + + +Before coming to the end of this part of the nouns, we shall have a +short speech about some ligaments, called unitive particles, which +serve for uniting elegantly the nouns, pronouns and adjectives, and +for joining together the sentences, and to give them a particular +energy. These particles are the followings: + + + +Nga. + +l.a This particle (when it is not used as relative) serves to link +the pronouns with the nouns and the adjectives. + +When the preceding word ends by a vowel the letter a of nga, must be +suppressed, joining ng to the vowel, as: + + + Pretty house. Maanindut nga balay. + Good horse. Maayong cabayo. + + +2.a Serves also for joining both the sentences and verbs with the +adverbs, ex: + + + Come back early. Bumalic cang masayó. + I doubt very much I may forgive Malisud cahá nga pasaylo-an co sia + him. (V. Pag 8), 3.a Remark. + + + +Ug. + +It is employed instead of the article in the objective cases of +indefinite objects, and in compounded sentences when are employed +instead of objective case. It serves also to link the cardinal +numbers: Ex: + + + Buy rice. Pumalit ca ug bugás. + The work weakens me Naluya acó ug pagbuhat. + All my neighbour's children Ang mga anac sa acong silingan + died of plague. nahurut ug camatay sa salot. + Seventeen. Napolo ug pito. + + + +Ca. + +This particle links the cardinal numbers with the nouns: Ex. + + + Ten thousand. Napolo ca libo. + My three horses were removed out Nauala ang mga totolo ca cabayo + of sight. naco. + + + +Ing. + +Serves for joining the sentences and the objective cases, when it is +spoken in indeterminate sense. + + + There is not now who may seek. Uala na ing macapatigayon. + Have I a knife? ¿Duna ba acó ing usá ca cuchillo? + + + + +Exercise VII. + +You speak as much as I--They have not so many toys as books--Have you +as many books as I?--I have fewer than you--Has our friend as many +birds as chickens?--He has more of the former than of the latter--Are +we right in speaking?--You are not wrong in speaking, but you are +wrong in cutting my trees--Have you time to work?--1 have time, but +not mind to work--Have you still a mind to buy any thing?--Yes, I have +a mind to buy one more horse--Have you as much good as bad paper?--I +have as much of the one as of the other--Have our neighbours as much +honey as sugar?--They have more honey than sugar--Have your sons as +many slippers as shirts?--They have more of the latter than of the +former--I have a favour to beg of you. + + + + + + + +EIGHTH LESSON + +THE VERB. + + +The verb is the most important part of all languages, and also the +most difficult. By this reason, to speak with somewhat perfection the +Bisaya dialect, it is necessary a perfect acquaintance with it. The +Bisaya dialect has not verbs, and they must be formed by adding to +the roots particles, which shall be placed either before of after, +as we shall explain. + +In Bisaya the verbs is divided into substantive, adjective, passive, +neuter, reciprocal and reflexive. + + + +Of the substantive verb TO BE--MAO, MAN. + +The verb TO BE and its like TO HAVE, are irregulars in their +conjugation, and to form their sentences, it is necessary to use a +very new form. They are expressed by means of particles, adverbs, +conjunctions, and sometimes by means of the employment of both +nominative and genitive cases. + + + +Conjugation of the verb TO BE--Mao, Man. + +Indicative mood--Present Tense. + + + SINGULAR. PLURAL. + + I am. Acó mao, man. We are. Camé, quitá mao, man. + Thou art. Icao mao, man. You are. Camó mao, man. + He is. Sia mao, man. They are. Sila mao, man. + + +Rem. The particle man, is euphonic, when the sentences are not of +the verb TO BE, ex; + + + Did you go to Spain? Nacaadto ca ba sa España? + I did not. Uala man acó umadto. + + + +PAST TENSE. + + +I was good when I was younger. Maayo man acó sa bata pa acó. +I was rich the last year. Salapian man acó sa tuig nga miagui. + + + +FUTURE + + + I shall or will be serious. Buutan man acó. + + +IMPERATIVE. + + + Be serious. Magbuutan ca. + + +SUBJUNCTIVE MOOD. + + + It is necessary you be saint. Quinahanglan nga masantos ca. + + +CONDITIONAL FUTURE. + + + If I were humble, I should be Cun mapaubsanon acó unta, masantos + saint. unta. + + +INDEFINITE FUTURE. + + + I would be saint, if I Santos man acó unta cun macatuman + fulfilled God's law. unta acó sa mga sugo sa Dios. + + +Rem. l.a It will be observed by the preceding conjugation, that the +particle Mao--To be, is used but in the present tense of indicative +mood. + +2.a The particle Man--To be, does not point out by itself the tense, +but it does the determining, may it be a noun or a whole sentence. + +3.a To point out the subjunctive mood is used unta, when the sentences +are obtative, in another cases are employed cun, ug, or pa. + +4.a As auxiliaries of the verb Man, are employed the article ang +before or after the noun, or the particle Y after the subjective case. + +5.a The same must be said of the particle Nay. Are formed also +sentences of the verb Man, by placing the attribute, before the +subject it refers to. + +6.a With pagca or mag, before the adjective are formed also these +kind of sentences. + +A few examples may elucidate these remarks: + + +The priest is God's succeeder, Ang Pare mao ang ilis sa Dios, ug +and also the Father of the souls. mao man usab, ang amahan sa mga + calág. +The flowers are pretty. Manindut man ang mga bulac. +I will make it. Acoy magabuhat. +Who will be my comforter? ¿Quinsa nay macalipay canaco? +What a beautiful effigy! ¡Pagca maanindut nga laraoan! +What does concern you, about my ¿Onsay labut mo, cun maayo ba acó, +good or bad behaviour? cun dili ba? +Behave well at teacher's house. Magbuutan ca bayá sa balay sa + magtoto-on. +How? is ill my behave? Diay? ¿dautan ba acó? +God is the Almighty. Ang Dios maoy macagagahum sa + ngatanan. +I am who shall go. Acoy moadto didto. +Good should be. Maayo unta. +A moment. Cariot da. +Are you a chattering fellow? ¿Hinultihon ca ba? +What countryman is he? ¿Tagadi-in ba sia? +God is every where. Ang Dios ana-a sa bisan di-in. + + + + +Exercise VIII. + +Who is the Priest?,--The Priest is God's succeeder, and the father of +the souls--Are pretty the flowers?--Yes; all the flowers are pretty; +but the lily is the most beautiful, then it is the symbol of purity, +chastity, virginity, innocence and candour--Where are you from?--I +am from Aloran, my parents are from Cornago, my eldest brother from +Oroquieta, and my younger from Tagbilaran--Do you wish to send one +more horse to our friends?--I wish to send many more to them--Are +you going for any thing?--I am going for some thing--What are you +going for?--I am going for some wine--Does your father send for any +thing?--Yes, sir: he sends for some wine--Whom does your neighbour +send for?--He sends for the physician--Does your servant take off +his shirt to make the fire?--He takes it off to make it. + + + + + + + +NINTH LESSON + +TO BE--ANI-A, NA-A OR ANA-A, TUA. + + +When the verb TO BE points out TO BE IN A PLACE, is translated into +Bisaya by ani-a, to be here: na-a or ana-a, to be there: and tua, +to be far from the speaker. + +Instead of the English adverbs HERE, THERE, are used in Bisaya dinhi, +here: diha, there: didto, there (further). + +The indicative present does not need adverbs of place. + + +INDICATIVE PRESENT. + + + I am here. Ania man acó. (dinhi) + Thou art there. Naa ca man. (dihá) + He is there. (further) Tua man sia. (didto) + We are here. Ania man quitá or camé (dinhi) + You are there. Naa man camó. (dihá) + They are there (further) Tua man silá. (didto) + + +PAST TENSE. + + + I was here, when you was there. Dinhi man acó sa didto ca pa. + (further) + I was there yesterday. Didto man acó cahapon. + + +FUTURE. + + + I will be there to-morrow. Didto man acó ngma. + + +CONDITIONAL FUTURE. + + + I would be there, if you were Didto unta acó, cun buut ca pa + pleased. unta. + + + +Subjunctive Mood + +FUTURE. + + + It is necessary you be there. Quinahanglan nga didto ca. + + +ABSOLUTE INDEFINITE. + + + That I might be here. Dinhi unta acó. + + +CONDITIONATE INDEFINITE. + + + If I were there. Cun didto pa unta acó. + + +IMPERATIVE MOOD. + + + Be there (ye, you). Diha camó. + + +GERUND. + + + Being there, I saw him. Sa didto acó, naquita co sia. + + +Rem. When the verb TO BE, points out the actual conditions of persons +or things, the root pointing out such a condition, becomes verb by +means of the particle ma of the neuter verbs. + + +INDICATIVE MOOD. + + + I am sick. Masaquit man acó. + + +PAST TENSE. + + + He was sick, when I was well or Masaquit sia, sa pagca maayo co ug + strong. laoas. + + +ABSOLUTE FUTURE. + + + He will or shall be ill to-morrow. Masaquit sia ugma. + + +CONDITIONAL FUTURE. + + +If I were sick, you would care Cun masaquit acó unta, icao magalima +of me. unta canaco. + + +GERUND. + + +Being he sick, was not willing to Sa iyang pagcasaquit uala sia buut +take the medicines. uminom sa mga tambal. + + + +Conjugation of the Verb TO HAVE. + + +The verb TO HAVE in a determinate sense is translated into Bisaya by +ania, for first persons; na-a or ana-a, for the seconds; and tua, +for the thirds. + +INDICATIVE MOOD--PRESENT TENSE. + + + I have the shirt. Ania canaco ang sinina. + They have the hat. Tua canila ang calo. + + +PAST TENSE. + + + When you were looking after the Sa pagpangita mo sa sinina, dinhi + shirt it was with me. man canaco. + + +Rem. The others tenses of this conjugation, are formed by means of +the adverbs Dinhi, Dihá. and Didto, according to the persons, placing +the person in ablative case immediately after the adverb or particle. + + + I had the hat yesterday. Cahapon dinhi canaco ang calo. + I shall or will have the hat Ugma dinhi na canaco ang calo. + to-morrow. + I would have the fan, if I Dinhi unta canaco ang paypay, cun + bought it. paliton co unta. + If I had the ring, I would give Cun dinhi pa unta canaco ang + it to you. singsing, ihatag co unta canimo. + + +TO HAVE--(In Partitive Sense.) + + +l.a The verb TO HAVE in partitive sense, is translated into Bisaya +by May, Duna or Aduna, with the person in nominative or genitive case. + + +INDICATIVE MOOD--PRESENT TENSE. + + + Have you money? ¿May salapi ca ba? + I have some money. Dunay acong salapi + + +PAST TENSE. + + + I had money yesterday, and you Cahapon duna ma acong salapi, ug + had not. icao ualá. + + +ABSOLUTE FUTURE. + + + I shall have money tomorrow. Ugma duna may acong salapi. + + +CONDITIONAL FUTURE. + + + You might have money, if you Icao duna unta ug salapi, cun + worked. magtrabajo ca unta. + + +SUBJUNCTIVE MOOD. + + +I if had money, I would give it Cun dunay unta acó ug salapi, ihatag +to you. co unta canimo. + + +GERUND. + + + Having money, all is easy. Sa pagca dunay salapi, ang ngatanan + mahimo. + + +2.a When speaking of immaterials things, the root becomes verb with +the particle Na of neuter verbs; thus. + + + I am cold. Natugnao man acó. + I was cold yesterday, and you Cahapon guitugnao acó ug icao + warm. gui-initan. + + +3.a The root Tugnao admits gui instead of Ma and the root Init admits +also gui with the passive of an. + + + I was warm yesterday. Cahapon nainitan acó. + You will or shall be warm. Mainitan ca. + + +The impersonal expression--There--To be. + + + +Duna + +INDICATIVE MOOD--PRESENT TENSE. + + +Is there a man in the street? ¿Duna bay usá ca taoo sa dalan? +There are twenty. Duna man caluha-an. +There is no body in the street. Ualay taoo sa dalan. +There was rice yesterday at the Cahapon dunay bugás sa longsod, +town, but there was not money. apan ualay salapi. +The last month there was rice. Sa bulan nga miagui, dunay bugás. +If there were rice, there would be Cun dunay bugás unta, uala unta +not hunger at the province. ug gutum sa provincia. + + + + +Exercise IX. + +When does your father intend to depart?--He intends to depart to +day--At what o'clock?--At four o'clock--Where is he going?--He goes +to Madrid--Does the butcher kill oxen?--He kills sheep instead of +killing oxen--Do you always take off your hat, when you speak to my +father?--I always take it off--What do you take in the morning, tea +or coffee?--I take coffee--Do you take coffee every morning?--I take +coffee every morning and every evening--What does your father take?--He +drinks chocolate--How far did the children go this morning?--As far +as their cousin's--Has any one stolen any thing from you?--Some one +has stolen a fine horse from me. + + + + + + + +TENTH LESSON + +THE ADJECTIVE VERBS. + + +The verbs, as we have said, are formed by means of roots and particles +equivalents to the four tenses, Present, Past, Future and Imperative of +the Bisaya conjugation. The other tenses are formed with the particles +of the four primitives, as we shall see in the conjugation. + +The particles we refer to, are Naga and its compounds: Nagaca, Nagapa, +Nagapaca, Naca, mi, and many others we shall use at their place. + +In order to aid the scholars in the knowledge and formation of the +tenses, we shall conjugate here a verb in active voice, by means of +the particle Naga, which is the most common. + +The pupils shall not lose of sight, that, in this dialect all the +last syllables are like, being only changed the persons. + + + +To Choose--PAGPILI. + + + Infinitive. To choose. Pagpili. + Gerund. Choosing. Sa pagpili. + Past participle. Chosen. Pinili. + + +INDICATIVE MOOD. + +PRESENT TENSE. + + + I choose. Acó nagapili. + Thou choosest. Icao nagapili. + He (she) chooses. Sia nagapili. + We choose. Camé (or quitá) nagapili. + You choose. Camó nagapili. + They choose. Sila nagapili. + + +IMPERFECT PRETERIT. + + + I chose. (when) Nagapili acó, (sa) + Thou chosest, &. Nagapili ca, (sa) + + +PAST PERFECT. + + + I have chosen. Nagpili acó. + Thou hast chosen. Nagpili ca + + +PLUPERFECT. + + + I had chosen. Nagpili na acó. + Thou hadst chosen. Human na icao nagpili. + He had chosen. Ubus na sia nagpili. + + +IMPERFECT FUTURE. + + + I shall or will choose. Acó magapili. + Thou shalt or wilt choose. Icao magapili. + + +PERFECT FUTURE. + + + I shall have chosen. Nagpili na cahá acó. + Thou shalt have chosen. Nagpili ca na cahá + + +IMPERATIVE. + + + Choose. Magpili ca. + Let him choose. Magpili sia. + Choose. Magpili camó. + Let them choose. Magpili sila. + + +SUBJUNCTIVE MOOD--PRESENT. + + + That I may choose or not. Magpili acó unta, ug dili. + That thou mayest choose. Nga magpili ca. + That he may choose. Apat sia magpili. + That we may choose. Nga quitá magpili. + That you may choose. Nga camó unta magpili. + That they may choose. Nga sila unta magpili. + + +IMPERFECT PRETERIT, + + + That I might choose. Ug acó pay magapili. + That thou mightest choose. Ug icao unta magapili. + That he might choose. Ug magapili pa lamang sia. + That we might choose. Ug magpili pa quitá. + That you might choose. Ug camó untay magapili. + That they might choose. Ug sila pa lamang magpili. + + +PERFECT PRETERIT. + + + That I may have chosen, or not Nga nagpili acó unta, cun ualá. + That thou mayest have chosen. Nga nagpili ca na unta. + That he may have chosen. Nga siay nagpili. + That we may have chosen. Nagpili quitá (or camé) unta. + That you may have chosen. Nga nagpili camó. + That they may have chosen. Nga nagpili sila. + + +PLUPERFECT. + + + If I might have chosen. Cun acó pay nacagpili. + If thou mightest have chosen. Cun icao diay nacagpili. + If he might have chosen. Cun nacagpili pa unta sia. + If we might have chosen. Cun nacagpili unta quitá. + If you might hare chosen. Cun nacagpili unta camó. + If they might have chosen. Cun sila diay nacagpili. + + +IMPERFECT FUTURE. + + + If I shall or will choose. Ug dao acó ang magapili. + If thou shalt choose. Ug dao magapili ca. + If he shall choose. Ug dao sia magapili. + If we shall choose. Ug dao magapili quitá. + If you shall choose. Ug dao camó magapili. + If they shall choose. Ug dao sila ang magapili. + + +PERFECT FUTURE. + + + If I shall or will have chosen. Cun dao nagpili acó ogaling. + If thou shalt &. Cun icao ogaling nagpili na. + If he shall &. Cun sia ogaling nagpili na. + If we shall &. Cun camé ogaling nagpili na. + If you shall &. Cun camó na ogaling nagpili. + If they shall & have chosen. Cun dao sila na ogaling nagpili. + + +Rem. It must be observed that the adverbs and conjunctions we have +made use of in subjunctive mood, are not characteristic signs of this +mood, and very often we speak in subjunctive without them. + +Although the passive voice is the most usual in the Bisaya Dialect, +the active sentences have however a very important place at the +conversation, and therefore it is necessary to know, that when the +speech begins by a nominative agent, express or tácite, the sentence +is active. The same must be said when the sentence is about an +indeterminate thing, when exclamatory, interrogative or emphatical, +and when points out a part of a whole, Ex: + + +You shall hear mass now. Icao musingba caron. +Who does observe God's Ang macatuman sa mga sugo sa Dios, +commandments, will obtain the macadangat sa paghimaya nga dayon +everlasting life. sa Langit. +Which of you will accompany me? ¿Quinsa ba caniñó ang muuban + canaco? +Will you sew the shirt? Magatahi ca ba sa sinina? +I will not sew it, but my sister. Dili acó magatahi, cun dili ang + igso-on co nga babaye. +Who will read this letter? ¿Quinsa ba ang magabasa niining + sulat? +Look for a child from the school. Mangita ca ug usa ca bata sa + escuelahan. +If I know how to read or not what Cun mahibaló acó magbasa cun dili +does it concern you? ba ¿onsay labut mo niana? + + + + +Exercise X. + +Can you walk, and do you not can go to Church?--I am not able to go +the Church, because I am sick--Will you can endure it?--Do not pretend +to be a learned man, because your own wit avails but little--Do you +wish to work?--I wish to work and they let me not--Where is your +wife?--I do not know--When did you see her?--I saw her at seven +o'clock in the morning--Whom are you speaking to? I am speaking to +my sister--Do you speak to her every day?--What does this man spend +his time in?--He is a good for nothing fellow; he spends his time in +drinking and playing--Who are the men that have just arrived?--They +are Russians--Is your father arrived at last?--Every body says that +he is arrived but I have not seen him yet--Has the Physician hurt +your son?--He has hurt him. for he has cut his finger. + + + + + + + +ELEVENTH LESSON + +OF THE PASSIVES. + + +The Bisaya dialect being almost completely passive, the study of this +speaking mood is of great importance. Three are the passives or moods +of expressing the verbs in passive voice. Passive the first or passive +of I (ee). The second passive or of On, and the third passive or of +An. The passive of I (ee) is formed by putting Gui before the root for +present and past tenses, and I (ee) for future and imperative. Passive +the second or of On, is formed by placing the particle Gui before +the root for present and past tenses; the future by duplicating the +first syllable of the root putting On after: or by placing one of +the particles of future tense before the root, and On after. + +The third passive or of An is formed by putting the particle Gui +before the root and An after, for present and past tenses; the future +is formed by duplicating the first syllable of the root, and placing +before the root one of the particles of future tense and An after. + +The imperative mood is formed by putting An after the root. + + + +Conjugation of the Passives + + +Passive of I. (EE) + + +PRESENT AND PAST TENSES. + + + I leave him or he has been left by me. Guibilin co sia. + + +FUTURE AND IMPERATIVE. + + + He will be left, or let him be left by me. Ibilin co sia. + + +INFINITIVE. + + + When he left him. Sa pagbilin cania. + + + + +Passive of ON. + +PRESENT AND PAST TENSES. + + + It is, or it has been written by them. Guisulat nila. + + +FUTURE. + + + Will be written by them. Susulaton or pagasulaton nila. + + +IMPERATIVE. + + + Let it be written by them. Susulaton nila. + + +INFINITIVE. + + + To be written by them. Sa pagsulat nila. + + +IMPERATIVE. + + + Write that. Sulaton mo caná. + + + + +Passive of AN. + +PRESENT AND PAST TENSES. + + + It is or has been opened by me. Guilucaban co. + + +FUTURE. + + + Will be opened by me. Lulucaban or pagalucaban co. + + +IMPERATIVE. + + + Let it be opened by you. Lucaban mo. + + +IMPERSONAL IMPERATIVE. + + + Be that opened. Lucabi or Lucabi caná. + + +Rem. The other tenses are formed by means of conjunctions and adverbs +of the active conjugation. To speak well the Bisaya dialect, it is +absolutely necessary to understand when and how every one of the +passives must be used, and also the mechanism of their sentences, +which is the more difficult part, since are so many the moods and so +diverse their syntax, In order to make easy to the learners the use +of the passive tenses, we shall explain them as clearly as possible +by Examples. + + +Sell the plantation of Ibaligya mo ang calubihan. +cocoa-trees. +We have sold it now. Guibaligya na namo. +Count the cows. Isipon mo ang mga vaca. +We have counted them, and four are Gui-isip na namo ug culang pa ug +out of sight yet. upat ca bo-oc. +Order to have them searched at Papangitaa lamang sa madali. +one. +Water the plants, because it is Boboan mo ang mga tanóm, cay +very warm. mainit ca-ayo. +Cover the child, because it very Taboni ang bata, cay matugnao +cold. ca-ayo. +Did you go very far? ¿Halayo ba ang imong guilactan? +I am gone as far as my brother's. Guilactan co cutub sa balay sa + acong igso-on. + + + + +Exercise XI. + +Are you pleased with your servant?--I am much pleased with him, for he +is lit for any thing--Has your brother returned at last from Spain?--He +has returned thence, and has brought you a fine horse--Has he told his +groom to bring it to me?--He has told him to bring it to you--¿What do +you think of that horse?--I think that it is a fine and good one, and +beg you to lead it to my brother's that he may see it--In what did you +spend your time yesterday?-I went to my father's in law, and afterwards +to the ball--When did that man go down in to the well?--He went down +into it this morning--Has he come up again yet?--He came up an hour +ago--Where is your brother?--He is in his room--Will you tell him to +come down (nga manaug sia)?--I will tell him so, but he is not dressed. + + + + + + + +TWELFTH LESSON + +SOME RULES UPON THE PASSIVES AND THEIR SENTENCES. + + +Passive of I. (ee) + + +This passive is made use of when the agent person exercises its action +removing from itself the patient person. + +The sentences of this passive are formed by putting Gui before the +root for the present and past tenses, and I (ee) for the future and +imperative. This passive points out the harm, detriment, obsequiousness +or favour made to another, placing the receiver person in nominative +case, the donor in genitive, and in accusative with ug or sa the +favour or harm. + + + +Passive of ON. + +It is employed when the agent person attracts towards itself to +the patient person. When it is spoken by means of this passive, the +present and past tenses are formed by placing Gui before the root; +the future doubling the first syllable of the root and putting On +after, and the imperative mood by placing On after the root. + + + +Passive of AN. + +It is employed when the agent person exercises its action upon a place +or quasi-place, putting the said place or quasi-place in nominative +case. The present and past tenses are formed with gui, before the +root and An after it; the future, by duplicating the first syllable +of the root and by adding An to it, and the imperative mood by putting +An after the root. Examples: + + + Pull off that herb. Ibton mo canang balili. + Wherever they may place me I will Bisan asa acó ibutang nila, + follow my own mind. macatuman acó sa acong pagbu-ut. + I imitate him. Guipanig-ingnan co sia. + Speak to him. Pamolongan mo sia. + I gave him the book. Guihatag co na cania ang libro. + Please accept that. Daoato caná. + Please to explain it to me. Sagdi acó. + + + + +Exercise XII. + +On what lived our ancestors?--They lived on fish and game, for they +went a hunting and a fishing every day--You have learned your lesson: +why has not your sister learned hers?--She has taken a walk with +my mother, so that she could not learn it, but she will learn it +to-morrow--When will you correct my exercises?--I will correct them +when you bring me those of your sister--Do you think you have made +faults in them?--I do not know--If you have made faults, you have +not studied your lessons well; for the lessons must be learned well +to make no faults in the exercises--It is all the same; if you do not +correct them to day--I shall not learn them before to-morrow--You must +not make any faults in your exercises, for you have all you want in +order to make none--Who is there?--It is I--Who are those men?--I do +not know--Of what country are they?--They are Americans--Why do you +sit near the fire?--My hands and feet are cold; that is the reason +why I sit near the fire--Are your sister's hands cold?--No; but her +feet are cold--What is the matter with your cousin?--fem.--Her leg +hurts her--What is the matter with this woman?--Her tongue hurts her. + + + + + + + +THIRTEENTH LESSON + +OF THE PARTICLES + + +NAGA. + +l.a The particle Naga, the most usual in the Bisaya dialect has the +same signification as the root to which is joined. Its tenses are +formed with naga for the present time, nag for past; maga for the +future; and mag for the imperative mood. they all before the root. As: + + + To write. Pagsulat. + I write. Acó nagasulat. + You wrote. Icao nagsulat. + They will, or shall write. Sila magasulat. + Write. (pl.) Magsulat camó. + + +2.a This particle admits the three above mentioned passives, and its +tenses are formed by placing some times before, and some times after, +the particles at 12th. Lesson mentioned. They may be also formed +by putting Paga before the root for future tense, and Pag for the +imperative. Examples: + + +PRESENT AND PAST. + + + I write or wrote. Guisulat co. + + +FUTURE. + + + I will or shall write. Sulaton or pagasulaton co. + + +IMPERATIVE. + + + Write. Sulaton or pagsulaton mo. + + +3.a This particle signifies to do what the root to which precedes +points out, but in many ways, as we shall demonstrate. + +4.a Placing it before the nouns of dress, garment or garb, signifies +to use them or to put on them. thus: + + + He wears shoes. Sia nagasapin. + Put on your hat. Magcalo ca. + + +5.a Before roots of musical instruments, signifies to play on them, as: + + + Play you on the guitar? ¿Nagasesta ca ba? + She harps. Sia naga-arpa. + Play on the piano. Magpiano ca. + + +6.a When it is joined to the nouns of nations and in is inserted +between the first two syllables of the root, signifies to speak or to +translate into that nation's language, and in this case, the second +passive will be employed; but when addressing a person, the third +must be used, Ex: + + +Speak to me in Latin. Maglinatin ca canaco. +Translate that book into Bisaya. Binisayaon mo or pagbinisayaon mo + canang libro. +Speak not to me in Spanish. Dili acó nimo quinatchilaan. +Time to. Tiempo sa. +Courage to. Gahúm sa. +To be right in. Catarungan sa. +To be wrong in. Ualay catarungan sa. +Afraid to. Cahadluc sa. +Wish or mind to. Nahagugma or gugma sa. +To work. Pagbuhat. +To speak. Pagsulti, pagpolong. + +To buy. Pagpalit. +To tear. Pagguisi. +To break. Pagbo-ong. +I have a mind to work. Nahagugma acó magbuhat. +Have you time to work. ¿Duna ba camó ug tiempo sa pagbuhat? +We have time but not mind to Dunay tiempo, apan dili camé +work. mahagugma. +Have you a mind to buy my horse? Nahagugma ba camó mupalit sa acong + cabayo? +I am afraid to break the glass Nahadluc acó magbo-ong sa vaso. + + + + +Exercise XIII. + +One of the valet de Chambres of Louis XIV requested that prince, as +he was going to bed, to recommend to the first President a lawsuit +which he had against his father-in-law, and said in urging him: +"Alas; Sire, you have but to say one word." "Well," said Louis XIV, +"it is not that which embarrasses me, but tell me, if thou wert in +thy father-in-law's place, and thy father-in-law in thine; wouldst +thou be glad, if I said that word?"--If the men should come, it would +be necessary to give them something to drink--If he could do this +he would do that--I have always flattered myself, my dear brother, +that you loved me as much as I love you; but I now see that I have +been mistaken--I have heard, my sister, that you are angry with me, +because I went a-walking without you; but I assure you that had +I known that you were not sick, I should have come for you; but I +inquired at your physician's after your health, and he told me that +you had been keeping your bed the last eight days. + + + + + + + +FOURTEENTH LESSON + +OF THE IMPERATIVE, CALLED IMPERSONAL. + + +1.a The second and third passives have a second imperative called +impersonal, because does not mention the person: wherefore, their +sentences are called impersonals. The imperative of the second passive +ends by a, and that of the third by i. Their sentences are formed +by placing the object in nominative case, and the verb in imperative +mood, Ex: + + + Kill the dog. Patia ang iró. + Put an end to that. Hudta cana. + Help us. Tabañgi camé. + Write it. Sulata. + Read that book. Basaha canang libro. + Call to Mr. Louis. Taoga si Sr. Louis. + Wait for me. Hulata acó. + Light the globe. Dagcuti ang globo. + + +2.a When the sentence is negative, the English not, is translated +into Bisaya by Ayao or uala Ex: + + + It was not met. Uala hiquiti. + Be not turbulent. Ayao pagsamoca. + Cry not to me. Ayao pagsinggiti. + Put not out the candle. Ayao pagpalnga ang candela. + + +3.a The impersonal imperative of the passive of an, is not compounded +with the particle Pag, Ex: + + +Pay what you owe, and comfort Bayri ang mga utang niñó ug lipayon +the afflicted. niñó ang mga tao nga ana-a sa + calisud. +Love God and your neighbour as Higugmaon niño ang Dios ng ang +yourselves. isigcatao niñó maingon caniñó. +Let us love and practise virtue, Higugmaon ug buhaton ta ang +and we shall be happy both in catarungan ug mapaladan quitá niini +this life and in the next. ug sa umalabut nga quinabuhi. + + + +PRESENT PARTICIPLES OR GERUNDS. + +We have said, that the Bisaya conjugation has but four tenses, but +in order to make the scholar acquainted with the tenses, the English +conjugation must be referred to, we make use of all the tenses. The +sentences of present participle are formed some times by placing sa +and Pag before the root. Examples: + + + This morning when you was Canina sa pag-oali mo nagduladula + preaching, were the children ang mga bata. + playing. + Our Lord spent his night-time in Ang Guinoo ta guicabuntagan sa + praying pag-ampo. + + +3.a The Gerunds are formed also with the adverb labon nga, and the +verb in future or in subjunctive, as: + + +The sinners despise to our Guipasaipad-an sa mga macasasalá ang +Lord, seeing they should adore atong Guino-o, labon nga +him. pagasingbahon nila unta. + + +4.o By means of verbal nouns are formed also gerunds called of time +or causals, and their sentences are formed by placing the leading +verb in nominative with Pag before the root, and the subordinate is +formed with the particle Na or Maoy and the particle of future Iga Ex: + + +When seeing you, my heart was Ang pagtan-ao co canimo, nalipay ang +gladded. casing-casing co. +When you departed he grew sad. Ang pag-guican mo namingao sia. + + + + +Exercise XIV. + + +Would you have money if your father were here?--Should have some if +he were here--A French officer having arrived at the court of Vienna, +the Empress Theresa asked him if he believed that the Princess of +N. whom he had seen the day before, was really the handsomest woman +in the world, as was said: Madam, replied the officer, I thought +so yesterday--What has become of your uncle?--I will tell you what +has become of him: here is the chair upon which he often sat--Is he +dead?--He is dead--When did he die?--He died three weeks ago--I am +very sorry at it--Why do you not sid down?--If you will sit down to +my side, I will sit down also; but if you go, I shall go along with +you--WIll you tell me what has become of your sister?--I will tell +you what has become of here.--Is she dead?--She is not dead--What +has become of her?--She is gone to Manila--What has become of your +sisters?--I can not tell what has become of them, for I have not seen +them six years ago. + + + + + + + +FIFTEENTH LESSON + +INFINITIVE SENTENCES. + + +1.a The infinitive sentences are composed of leading verb and +subordinate verb, the latter in infinitive mood, as: + + + I want to sew. Bu-ut acó magtahi. + I want to take a wife Bu-ut acó mangasaoa. + + +2.a When the sentences have between both leading and subordinate verbs +a relative pronoun, express or tacit, this pronoun is translated into +Bisaya by nga, and the subordinate verb must be placed in subjunctive +mood or in future, either active or passive. In a same way are they +formed, when between leading and subordinate verbs, is the conjunction +if, which is translated into Bisaya by cun. Ex: + + + It is not suit you go to the Dili Angay nga muadto ca sa + cock-fight bulungan. + My teacher told me, that I must Mi-ingon ang Magtoto-on canaco nga + learn to count. magto-on acó sa pagisip. + + I wish you to talk Bu-ut acó nga mulacao ca. + I wish you to write me. Nagatinguhá acó nga musulat ca + canaco. + I doubt that I can make it. Ambut cun macabuhat acó niana. + + +3.a When the leading verb is the verb to be, the sentences are also +of to be, and the subordinate verb, is used as a substantive with +the particle pag or pagca in nominative, preceded by the article ang, +to wit: + + + Is it decent to dance? ¿Maayo ba ang pagsayao? + It is necessary to go to school Quinahanglan ang pagadto sa + escuelahan. + It is indecorous to bathe before Mangil-ad man ang pagcaligo sa + people. atubangan sa mga tao. + + +4.a In this manner are formed these sentences with the neuter verbs, +Example: + + + The excessive rain does not suit. Dili angay ang hinlabihan nga + pag-ulan. + + +5.a When the governed verb is preceded by the propositions to, for, +in order to, these sentences are called finals, and are translated into +Bisaya by cay aron, being the governed verb translated by subjunctive +mood, active or passive, Examples: + + +I did come here for visiting my Mianhi acó cay aron magduao acó sa +uncle. oyo-an co. +We have been ordered by the Nadaoat namo ug orden ni Amba cay +Governor to carry (pay) the tax. aron ihatud namo ang buhis. +I pray to be loved by the people. Nangadye acó cay aron higugmaon acó + sa mga taoo. + + +6.a When the leading verb is one of the auxiliary may, can or to be +able, it is translated by the potential Naca. Signifying to incite, +to invite, is rendered by Naquig; when to implore, to be fond of or +to give one's mind to, is translated by Naqui; when signifies to +have made, to bespeak, by Naga and Pa; and when to allow, to let, +must be rendered by Napa; which particles before the root include in +themselves the signification of the governed verb, Examples: + + +Did you can go up to the belfry? ¿Nacasacá ca ba sa campanario? +Will you be able to carry away that ¿Macadalá ca ba nianang baluyot +rice bag? sa bugás? +The children incite me to speak Ang mga bata naquigsulti canaco +into church. sa Singbahan. +Mother, Anthony is inviting me to Nanay, si Antonio naquigsayao +dance. canaco. +Francis begs me to have pity on Si Francisco naquimalooy canaco. +him. +I have got the rice plantation Guipatanóm co na ang basacan. +made. +Bespeak a cane for me. Pabuhaton mo ug usa ca songcod + canaco. +When do you intend to have my ¿Anus-a ba icao magapatahi sa +habits sewed? acong mga hábito? +Will you consent to be deceived by Palimbong ca ba nianang bacacon? +that liar? +Allow not your daughter to go to Ayao mapasayao sa imong anac. +the ball. + + +Remark upon the change of letters. + +The most important changes which the scholar is advised attentively +to study to avoid ambiguity are these: + +l.a Roots beginning by c or qu, changes in composition these letters +into g, as: To see, Quita nan-gita. + +2.a When the first syllable is b or p, it is changed into m, and +those beginning with m, retain this letter, but the particle drops +the final n, as: To make--Buhat, namuhat: To speak, Po-long, namolong: +To grow dark--Molat, namolat. + +3.a When the initials are d, s, or t, change the said syllables into +n, and the component particle drops the n, thus: To be angry, Tuyo, +nanuyo.--To cry, Singgit, naninggit--To visit, Duao, nanuao. + + + + +Exercise XV. + +Why do you open the door?--Do you not see how it smokes here?--I see +it, but you must open the window instead of opening the door--The +window does not open easily; that is the reason why I open the +door--When will you shut it?--I will shut it as soon as the smoke is +gone--Is it useful to speak much?--When we wish to learn a foreign +language it is useful to speak a great deal--Is it as useful to write +as to speak?--It is more useful to speak than to write; but in order +to learn a language one must do both--Is it useful to write all that +one says?--That is useless--Where did you take this book from?--I took +it out of the room of your friend--Is it right to take the books of +other people?--It is not right, I know; but I wanted it, and I hope +that your friend will not be displeased, for I will return it to him +as soon as I have read it. + + + + + + + +SIXTEENTH LESSON + +OF THE PARTICLES PA AND IGA. + + +PA. + + +The particle Pa which is also an adverb of time and mood, and signifies +yet, still, notwithstanding, has a very important place in the Bisaya +dialect, and is sometimes used only redundantly, to give more force +to the sentence. + +For the benefit of learners, we shall explain it here, before speaking +of the verbals particles to which is joined to form the sentences. + +l.a Before some verbs has the signification of to wish, to try, +to desire and to allow that the signification of the root may take +place on the subject, as: + + + The haughty wishes to be requested Ang palabilabihon pa-ampo + by everybody. guihapon. + Father, give me only the Pahilog lamang acó, Pare. + Extremaunction. + I want to have some money so as to Pahatag man acó ug salapi nga + buy a fine shirt, and they give me igapalit co ug usá ca maanindat + not, for they say, it is vanity. nga sinina, ug dili acó taga-an + cay parayeg conó. + + +2.a Before nouns of place signifies to go there, as: + + +Where are you going? ¿Asa icao paingon? +I turn to home. Pauli acó sa amo. +Where will you go, when you die? Sa pagcamatay mo, asa icao pa-ingon? +I shall ascend into heaven. Palangit acó gayud. + + +3.a It is employed also as a joining conjunction, and in this case, +is used to exaggerate the phrase, placing the thing or the object +refers to, before; thus: + + +You also deceive me? Icao pa nagalimbong canaco? +He is a gambler and thief. Sia sugarol man ug caoatan pa. +He is sick and does play. Nagalingaolingao sia ug nasaquit pa man. + + +4.a Bisan pa ngani, answers to the English conjunctions though, +notwithstanding, for all that &. + +Ex: + + + Although they allow me not to Bisan pa ngani dili acó pa sugal + play, I will play. nila. musugal acó gayud. + Although they may punish me, I Bisan pa ngani latuson acó nila, + will have not answer. dili acó mutingog. + + +5.a Serves also to point out the beginning and the end of an action, +Ex: + + + I was called, when I had just Igo pa acó miabut, guitaoag acó + arrived. nila. + + + +IGA or ICA. + +These particles signify the instrument, tool, or mean with which a +thing is done. They answer to the future of the passive mood, Ex: + + +This is the axe with which you Mao quini ang oasay nga iga or +have to cut the tree. icaputul mo sa cahuy. +But for. Ug dili pa unta. +But for he is a gambler this man Quining tao maingoningon ug bu-utan +would be so good as your sa igsoon mo, ug dili pa unta sia +brother. nga sugarol. +If you allow me, I will teach Acoy magato-on canimo ug quinachila, +you Spanish. ug tugutan pa acó. + + + + +Exercise XVI. + +This man has altered a great deal--Where did you be born?--I will +not to answer you--If you do not make your appearance before him, +I will not speak to him--How is this said?--That can not be said +in Bisaya--Children must be accustomed early to the labor--I am +accustomed to write--I cannot express myself in Bisaya. because +I am not in the habit of speaking it--The man laughs and weeps by +turns--If I knew what you have done.... will you allow me to go to +the shore?--I do not permit you to go there--Do it in haste--Why does +Ferdinand complain of his wife?--Thomas complains of Fructuosa and +Fructuosa of Thomas --Who is right?--They are both wrong, for Thomas +wishes to take Fructuosa's toys and Fructuosa Thomas's. + + + + + + + +SEVENTEENTH LESSON + +OF THE PARTICLE NAGAPA + + +NAGAPA. + + +This particle is formed from the particles naga and pa; and signifies +to allow, to order, to have done what the root points out. The active +tenses are formed according to the rules laid down for naga adding +invariably pa. + +ACTIVE VOICE--PRESENT. + + + I bespeak. Acó nagapabuhat + + +PAST TENSE. + + + I bespoke. Acó nagpabuhat. + + +FUTURE. + + + They will bespeak. Silá magapabuhat. + + +IMPERATIVE MOOD. + + + Order the tailor to sew. Magpatahi ca sa mananahi. + + +2.a This particle admits the three passives according to the above +mentioned rules for each of them. + +The present and past tenses of the first passive are formed by placing +Guipa, before the root, the future and imperative with Ipa, before, +and the infinitive mood with Pagpa. + +PRESENT TENSE. + + + I order to sew the shirt. Guipatahi co ang sinina. + + +PAST TENSE. + + + I have had the shirt sewed. Guipatahi co ang sinina. + + +FUTURE. + + + You will order the shirt to be sewed. Ipatahi mo ang sinina. + + +IMPERATIVE. + + + Order the shirt to be sewed. Ipatahi mo ang sinina. + + +3.a The sentences of this first passive are formed by placing in +nominative case the object of the commandment, the verb in passive +voice; in genitive the orderer, and in dative, the errand. + + +Tell the servant to bring the Ipasacá mo sa bata ang maleta nga +portmanteau, it is on the coach, up tua didto sa coche. +stairs. +Tell him to carry this letter to Ipadalá mo cania quining sulat sa +the post-office. correo. +Send them for grass for the horse. Ipahatud mo canila ug compay sa + cabayo. + + +4. a The present and past tenses of the second passive, are formed with +Guipa, before the root; the future and imperative by putting Pa before +the root, and On after; and the infinitive mood with Pagpa, before. + + +PRESENT. + + + I make it known. Guipahibalo co. + + +PAST. + + + I made it known. Guipahibalo co. + + +FUTURE. + + + You will make it known. Pahibaloon mo. + + +IMPERATIVE MOOD. + + + Make it known. Pahibaloon mo, pahibaloa. + + +5.a The sentences of this passive are formed by putting the object +upon which the action falls in nominative case: the verb, in passive +voice; in genitive, the errand person; and in accusative that who +performs the thing, if there be. Ex: + + +I ordered the servant to call the Guipa-anhi co sa bata ang +tailor. magtatahi. +Did you order to buy the hemp I Guipapalit mo ba ang lanot nga +recommended you? guitogon co canimo? +Order your sister to sew the Patahion mo sa sinina ang imong +shirt, because the Easter is igso-on, cay hadool na ang Pasco. +approaching. + + +6.a The present and past tenses of passive the third, are formed +by putting Guipa, before the root and An after: the future and the +imperative with Pa before, and An after; and the infinitive mood by +placing Pagpa, before the root. + + +I order or I ordered to sweep. Guipasilhigan co. +You will order to sweep. Pasilhigan mo, pasilhigi. +Order to sweep. Pasilhigan mo. +Try to carry me to your house, for Ipadangat mo acó unta sa imong +I do not feel very well. balay, cay masáquitsáquit acó. +When God be pleased to take us Cun padangaton quitá sa Dios sa +into heaven, we shall enjoy with langit, pagahiagoman ta ang mga +everlasting pleasures. ca-ayohan nga langitnon. +Please accept the present I send Dauata ang regalo nga guipadalá co +you, as a proof of your presence canimo, sa tima-an sa acong +in my thoughts. paghinumdum canimo. + + +7.a The sentences of this passive are formed by placing the spot, +person or thing in nominative case; the verb in the third passive; +the orderer in genitive; in dative the errand-boy, and in accusative +the errand. Examples: + + +I have told you, to pay the Guipasoholan co canimo ang mga +workmen three mex a day. magbubuhat tagotlo capisos ang + adlao. +Would to God, that the Judge Agad pa unta, nga pabayran acó +compel them to restore me the one canila sa hocom sa usá ca gatús ca +hundred dollars they have stolen pisos nga guicauat nila canaco. +from me. +Have the kindness to tell your Ug ma-arang sa imong buut, +cousin to help me to load the patabangan mo acó sa imong ig-agao +cocoa-nuts into the vessel. sa paglulan sa mga lubi sa sacayan. + + +8.a The negative sentences are formed in Bisaya by means of the +adverbs Dili, uala and ayao. + +Dili is employed in the future sentences, and is formed with the +particles of imperative mood, and sometimes of indicative. + +Uala, is made use of, when the sentence is of past time, and is formed +like Dili. + +Ayao, is employed to forbid any thing, and its sentences are formed +with the particle pag, and sometimes with mag. Examples: + + +Think about the four last things, Maghunahuna ca sa mga caolahian mo +and you will not sin. ug dili icao macasalá. +You did not hear mass this Caniha sa buntag uala icao +morning. sumingba. +Compel me not to eat because I am Ayao icao maglugus canaco sa +not fond of that. pagcaon, cay dili acó mahagugma + niana. + + + + +Exercise XVII. + +How far are we going?--We are going as far as the Church--Are you +going as far as the river?--No: I am going as far as Dauis--Have you +ever stolen any thing?--I have never stolen any thing--Do you dye any +thing?--I dye my hat--What color do you dye it?--I dye it black--Do +you get your hat dyed?--I get it dyed green--What hat has the boy?--He +has two hats, a white one and a black one--How far does this road +lead?--It leads as far as Baclayon--Where does your friend live?--He +lives on this side of the road--Is the garden of your sister on this +or that side of the wood?--It is on that side--Would you be sorry if +your mother were to arrived to day?--I should rather be gladded for +it--Are you angry with me?--No: I am angry with Miss. Valeriane who +went to the ball without telling me a word of it. + + + + + + + +EIGHTEENTH LESSON + +OF THE PARTICLE NAGAPACA. + + +NAGAPACA. + +l.a This particle is composed of Naga and Pa and its active tenses +are formed according to the rules above mentioned for Naga adding +paca invariably. + +The passive voice is formed with Guipaca or Pinaca, for the present +and past tenses; and the future and imperative, with Paca, before, +and on after the root. This particle admits but the second and third +passives and signifies to feign what the root signifies. But when +added to abstracts nouns or to neuter verbs, signifies to do heartily +what the root signifies. Ex: + + + Saint Joseph was considered as the Si San José guipaca-amahan sa + Father of our Lord Jesus Christ. atong Guino-ong Jesucristo. + Do not pretend to be mad, less we Ayao camé pacabu-angbu-angan, + esteem you as such a one. tingali oña pacabu-angbu-angon + icao namo. + Our Lord Jesus Christ became man Ang atong Guino-ong Jesucristo + in the chaste womb of the Virgin nagpacatao sa ulay nga tian ni + Mary. Maria Virgen. + I will consider you as a father to Paca-amahanon co icao. + me. + + +2.a Before nouns of time signifies to do till the root points out, +and then is rendered into Bisaya by Guica, as: + + + He spent the night in praying. Guicabuntagan sia sa pagampo. + + +3.a This particle is employed also when we make use of a thing out +of its natural employment. Thus: + + + My broad hat serves me for an Guipacapayong co ang calo co nga + umbrella. halapad. + A bottle serves me for a Pinacacandelero co ang usá ca + candlestick. boteya. + + +4.a When in the sentence there is an expression pointing out doubt +or incertitude, it is translated into Bisaya by Cahá, Examples: + + +How much can that horse be worth? ¿Pilay bale cahá nianang cabayo? +It is worth twenty dollars. Caluha-an ca pisos (bulaoan). +Better. Ma-ayo cay, ma-ayo sa. +Your servant is better than mine. Ma-ayo ang imong sologoon cay sa + aco. +Not yet. Dili pa, ualá pa. +Does the child return you your Guiuli ba sa batang diutay canimo +book? ang libro mo? +He does. Guiuli na. + +Where are you coming from? ¿Di-in ca guican? +From what place? ¿Di-in?, ¿Dis-a? +I am coming from Tagbilaran. Guican acó sa Tagbilaran. +Whose? ¿Quinsa? +Whose hat is this? Quinsa ba ang tag-iya ni-ining + calo? +The afternoon. Ang hapon. +Noon. Odto. +The dinner. Ang paníodto. +The breakfast. Ang pamahao. +The supper. Ang panihapon. +After me. Sa human na acó. + + + + +Exercise XVIII. + +Is it right to laugh thus at every body?- I laugh at your clothes, I +do not laugh at every body-- Does your daughter resemble any one?--She +resembles no one--Can you not get rid of that man?--I can not get +rid of him, for he will absolutely follow me--Has he not lost his +wits?--It may be--What does he ask you for?--I do not know--Whose +gun is that?--It is my uncle's--Who are those men? --The one who is +dressed in white is my neighbour, and who is dressed with black it +is the son of the physician, who has given my neighbour a blow with +a stick--Are there many learned in Roma; are there not?--Milton asked +a Roman "Not so many as when you were there" answered the Roman. + + + + + + + +NINETEENTH LESSON + +OF THE PARTICLE NACA. + + +NACA. + +3.a This particle is divided into potential and causal. The potential +naca, signifies to do in fact, what the root to which precedes points +out, containing in itself the faculty of doing. + +This is the reason why the English verbs to can, to be able, are +not translated into Bisaya. In the active voice the present and +past tenses are formed with the particle naca, and the future and +imperative with maca. When speaking in passive voice, the present and +past are formed with na, and the future and imperative by means of +ma. Instead of naca and maca, are used nacag and macag respectively, +when the signification of the root is often done. + +These rules will be more easily understood by the following examples: + + +The wounded horse can already walk Ang cabayong guisamad-an +a little. nacalacao-lacao na. +The sick man is already able to get Ang masaquiton nacatindug na. +up. +I can not eat. Dili acó macagcaon. +I have murmured against you very Nacaglibác acó canimo sa +often. masubsub. +They will be not able to overtake Dili na sia cahá maapas, cay tua +him, for he is, I think, far na sa halayo. +distant. +I can not sleep. Dili acó macatolog. +When my Father died, my Mother was Sa pagcamatay ni Tatay, ang acong +not able to weep. Inahán ualá macahilac. + + +2.a Besides the particle naca, the Bisaya dialect has some other words +compensatory of the English verbs, to can, to be able, such as arang, +gahúm and himo employed sometimes alone, and some times in composition +with naca. + +Arang, signifies to possess power of doing any thing, but subordinated +to another. Examples: + + +If I could afford, I would buy a Ug ma-arang pa acó, mu-palit acó +fine horse. unta ug usa ca ma-ayong cabayo. + +If you please, give me some Ug ma-arang sa imong bu-ut, tagai, +medicine. acó ug tambal. +Can you afford to buy that ¿Macapalit ca ba nianang cabayo? +horse? +I can afford it. Arang co paliton. +How is the sick? ¿Comusta ang masaquit? +He is so so. Arang-arang na sia. + + +Gahúm, signifies vigour, strength, courage, and it is employed in +both material and moral acceptations, as: + + + I am an old man. Tigulang na acó, or uala na acoy gahúm. + Did you dare to rob your ¿Ngano nacagahúm ca sa pagpangauat sa + master? imong agalon? + + +Himo, signifies to possess the power of doing any thing, as: + + +Can you make it? Macahimo ca ba niana? +I could make it, but I have not Macahimo acó unta, apan uala acoy +tools. hilimoan. +What is impossible with men, God Ang dili mahimo sa mga taoo, mahimo +can do. sa Dios. +Is it possible? Mahimo ba? +It is possible. Mahimo man. +The authority. Cagamhanan. +Our Lord Jesus Christ left to his Ang mga ilis ni Jesucristo +ministers the power of forgiving guitaga-an nia sa cagamhanan sa +sins. pagpa-saylo sa mga salá. + + + + +Exercise XIX. + +Why do you associate with those people?--I associate with them because +they are useful to me--If you continue to associate with them you +will get into bad scrapes, for they have many enemies--Do you know +a good place to swim in?--I know one--Where is it?--On the side of +the river behind the wood, near the high road--When shall we go to +swim?--This evening if you please--Will you wait for me before the +city gate?--I shall wait for you there, but I beg you not to forget +it--You know that I never forget my promises--Is this man angry with +you?--I think he is angry with me, because I do not go to see him; +but I do not like to go to his house, for when I go there, instead +of receiving me with pleasure, he looks displeased--Why do you look +so sad?--I have experienced great misfortunes--You must not afflict +yourself so much, for you know that we must yield to necessity--But, +bless me, why do you cry so? + + + + + + + +TWENTIETH LESSON + +OF THE PARTICLE NACA-CAUSAL. + + +NACA-Causal. + + +This particle is made use of, when the nominative produces on the +accusative, that which the root signifies. It is also a nominative +of this particle the cause or place where the effect is produced. The +active voice is conjugated according to the rules laid down for naca +potential. The scholar must pay particular attention to this particle +in order to use it properly in its two acceptations. + +The potential naca, is compounded but with roots of active verbs, +and the causal with those of neuter verbs and of adjective nouns. + +The present and past tenses of this passive are formed by putting +guica, before the root and an after; the future and imperative with +ca, before and an after: and the infinitive mood placing pagca or +ca, before. + +Remark. At Cebú and Bohol provinces is very often used na, instead +of guica, with an invariably after the root. Examples: + + +Of what illness did John die? ¿Onsay namatyan or guicamatyan ni Juan? +He was struck with fever. Ang hilanat maoy namatyan nia. + + +2.a When speaking with this particle the natives insert between the +subject and the verb, the verb maoy or mao, and ang, to express with +more energy and precision the causality idea. + +Remark. The recoleto P. Zueco, of great authority on the matter says, +that the verb mao, must be always inserted between, both in active +and passive voices, when speaking with the particle naca causal. Thus: + + +ACTIVE. + + + The medicine did well with the Ang tambal maoy naca-ayo sa + sick. masaquit. + + +PASSIVE. + + + The medicine &. Ang tambal maoy guica-ayohan sa masaquit. + + +3.a When speaking by means of this particle in passive voice, the +subjective and the objective cases stand invariably, changing only +the verb. Examples: + + +What did your brother die of? ¿Onsa ba ang guicamatyan sa igso-on + mo? +He died of fever. Ang hilanat maoy guica-matyan nia. +Our Lord Jesus Christ died Ang usa ca macaulao nga Cruz maoy +nailed to a shameful cross. guicamatyan sa atong Guino-ong J.C. +The just man, pities his Giucasaquitan sa taong matarung ang +neighbours sufferings. mga saquit sa iyang isigcataoo. +Why? ¿Ngano?, ¿Mano?. +Because. Cay. + +For what reason? ¿Onsay hinungdan cay? +Why did you become sick? ¿Onsay hinungdan cay guisaquit ca? +Will you give me the cocoa you ¿Bu-ut ca ba muhatag canaco sa cacao +have? nga na-a canimo? +I will give it to you. Bu-ut acó muhatag canimo sa acong + cacao. +Can you drink as much wine as Macainom ba camó sa vino ug sa gatas +milk? nga magsama sa cadaghan? +We can drink as much of the one Macainom camé sa usa ug sa usa nga +as of the other. magsama sa cadaghan. +Can our neighbours children ¿Macabuhat ba ang mga anac sa mga +work? silingan ta? +They can, but are not willing Macabuhat sila, apan dili sila bu-ut. +to work. +Whom do you wish to answer? ¿Quinsa ba ang bu-ut nimo baslan? +I wish to answer my good Bu-ut acó magbalus sa acong mga +friends. higalang ma-ayo. +Where is your son? ¿Hain ba ang anac mo? +He is at the street Tua sa dalan. +Why do you laugh? ¿Onsa ba ang guicatao-an niñó? +I am coming to work to-morrow. Muanhi acó ugma cay aron magbuhat + acó. +The Almighty God. Ang Macagagahúm sa ngatanan. + + + + +Exercise XX. + +What is the price of this cloth?--I sell it at six reals (tolo +ca cahate) the rod--It seems to me very dear--Will you have the +kindness to show me some other pieces of that new cloth?--I am ready +to serve you--Does this red cloth suit you?--It does not suit me--Why +so?--Because it is too dear--Are you learning Bisaya?--Yes, I am +learning it--Who is your teacher?--A Recoleto Father--Does he teach +also English?--Yes, he teaches English to the natives, and also Spanish +to his American friends--I wish to make his acquaintance, wherefore, +I beg of you to introduce me to him--I should like to know, why I do +not know to speak as well as you?--I will tell you: you would speak as +well as I if you were not so timid; but if you had studied well your +lessons, you would not be afraid to speak; because in order to speak +well, it is necessary to have knowledge of, and it is very natural +that he who does not know well what he has learned, should be timid, +if you were sure to make not faults, you would be not timid. + + + + + + + +TWENTY FIRST LESSON + +OF THE PARTICLES MI AND NA. + + +MI. + + +The particle mi, signifies to do what the root points out, and is +ordinarily compounded with verbs denoting motion. It is formed by +putting mi, before the root for present tense, min for past, and mu +for the future. The imperative mood is formed with um before the root, +when begins with a vowel; but when with a consonant, um must be placed +between the first and the second radical letters. Ex: + + +When will the steamer arrive? ¿Anus-a ba muabut ang vapor? +My father arrived yesterday. Cahapon minabut si Tatay. +Who has arrived at the town? ¿Quinsa ba ang minabut sa longsod? +I wish to enter, in order to speak Musulud unta acó, sa pagsulti sa +with the Captain. Capitan. +Make haste, it is my master Dumali ca, cay guipa-abut ca man +waiting you. sa agalon co. + +Do you wish to dine? ¿Bu-ut ba camó cumaon? +We wish to eat, but we do not wish Bu-ut camé cumaon, apan dili camé +to drink. bu-ut uminom. +Do you wish to drink any thing? ¿Bu-ut ba camó uminom bisan onsa? +I do not wish to drink any thing. Dili acó bu-ut muinom bisan onsa. + + + +NA + +l.a The particle na, is joined to the neuter verbs and signifies what +the root points out. In active voice is made use of na for present +and past tenses, and of ma, for the future. + +In passive voice the tenses are formed by placing na, before the root +and an after, for present and past; and ma, before the root and an +after, for the future tense. + +This particle serves also to point out the place or cuasi-place of +the action. These passive particle sentences are formed by putting +in subjective case the place or cuasi-place, and the verb in its +correspondent tense. Ex: + + + Going through the forest a branch Sa pag-agui co didto sa + came upon me. cacahuyan nahologan acó sa usá + ca sangá. + My house was destroyed by the fire. Nasunug ang acong balay. + He fell from the cocoa-tree, and Naholog sa lubí ug namatay. + died. + He was struck with asthma, and died Guihangus sia ug nalumus. + of asphyxia. + Take care, that you do not fall. Maholog ca bayá. + + +2.a The neuter verbs of action, are formed by means of the particles +of active verbs maga or mi, as: + + +I did go up. Minsacá acó. +The bird flew away. Ang langgam minlupad. +Where are you taking me to? As-a guidalá acó nimó? +I will take you to my father's Dad-on ta icao sa camalig sa amahan +yard. co. +To walk. Soroy-soroy, Lacat-lacat, + Lacao-lacao. +Are you walking? ¿Nagasoroy-soroy ca ba? +I am walking. Nagasoroy-soroy acó. +When does your father walk? ¿Anus-a magasoroy-soroy ang imong + amahan? +He walks as early as you. Nagalacao-lacao sia sa masayó ingon + canimo. +Early. Masayó, Sa masayó. +It is early. Buntag pa man. +It is too late. Hata-as na ang adlao. +Enough, Too. Igo, Hinlabihan. +Do you speak more than enough. ¿Hinlabihan ba ang imong pagsulti? +No; I speak moderately. Dili: casarangan ang acong pagsulti. +Already. Na. +Yet. Pa. +Not yet. Dili pa, Uala pa. +Do you speak Bisaya yet? ¿Nagasulti ca na ba ug Binsaya? +Not yet. Dili pa. +I do not speak yet. Dili pa acó magasulti. +Never. (future.) Dili sa guihapon. +No; never (past.) Uala, Sugud. +Seldom. Tagsa ra, Talagsa ra. +How many times? ¿Nacapila?, ¿Macapila? +One, Twice. Nacausa, Nacaduha. +Many times. Nacadaghan. +Heretofore, formerly. Canhi pa, Sa canhi pa. + + + + +Exercise XXI. + +Of what illness did your brother die?--He died of fever--How is your +brother?--My brother is not longer living, he died last week--He was +very well last year, when I was in Tagbilaran--Of what illness did he +die?--He died of small-pox--How is the mother of your friend?--She +is not well, she had an attack of ague the day before yesterday, +and this morning the fever has returned--Do your pupils learn their +exercises by heart?--They will rather tear them than learn them by +heart--Why does the mother of our servant shed tears?--She sheds tears +because the Father, our friend, who used to give her alms, died four +days ago--Of what illness did he die?--He died oppressed by his old +age--Will you help me to work when we go to Panglao?--I will help you +to work, if you help me now to get a livelihood--How does your sister +like those oranges?--She likes them very well, but she says that they +are a little too sweet--Do you wish to dine here?--I will dine here, +provided that you had prepared a good meal. + + + + + + + +TWENTY SECOND LESSON + +OF THE PARTICLES NANAG AND NAN. + + +NANAG. + +The particle nanag, is employed when the agent is more than one. The +present and past tenses are formed by means of nanag; and the +future and imperative with manag. When speaking in passive voice, +the present and past are formed by putting guipanag, before the root, +and the future and imperative, with panag, before and on after, as: + + +The children are waiting for their Ang mga bata nanaghulat sa ilang +teacher. magtoto-on. +The children will read. Ang mga bata managbasa. +The carabaos have destroyed the Ang mga calabao nanagpanggubá sa +circle. siclat. +Our Lord Jesus Christ redeemed us Quitáng tanan gnipanglucat sa +all, from the power of the devil. atong J.C. sa cabihagan sa yaoa. + +Forgive them, for they know not Pasaylo-a sila, cay ualá sila +what they do. mahibaló sa guipanagbuhat nila. +To depart, to go out. Guican +At what time do you wish to leave? ¿Anus-a camó bu-ut muguican? +We wish to leave now. Bu-ut camé muguican caron. +To thank, (to God or the Saints) Pagpasalamat. +To thank, (to the men) Pagdios magbayad. +I thank you for the trouble you Nagadios magbayad acó canimo sa +have taken for me. cabudlay mo tungud canaco. +How high?, of what height? ¿Onsa ba ang cata-ason? +Of what height is your house? ¿Onsa ba ang cahitas-on sa imong + balay? +To save anybody's life. Pagbaui sa quinabuhi. +To dispute, to contend about some Paglalis, pagindig-indig. +thing. +About what are these people ¿Onsay guilalisan nianang mga tao? +disputing? +They are disputing about who shall Cun quinsa ba ang mu-ona, mao +go first. ilang guila-lisan. +They are contending about the Nanagindig-indig sila tungud sa +signification of the Bisaya word, polong binisaya, Lagui. +"Lagui". +Even, not even. Dili pa ngani. +He has not even money enough to Dili pa ngani igo ang salapi nia +buy some wine. sa pagpalit ug vino. +By no means. Dili gayud mahimo. + + + +NAN. + +The particle nan, is made use of to point out the continuance of an +action, to give particular energy to the object, and also when the +agent person is more than one. The active tenses present and past, +are formed with nan, and the future and imperative with man. In +passive voice is made use of guipa, for the former tenses, and of pa, +for the latter. + +The use of the change of letters, very usual in this particle, +is explained about the end of the 15.a Lesson, Page 58, which the +learned is desired to consult. + +Remark. The roots compounded with the particle nan, may be also +recompounded with the particle naca potential, according to its +active conjugation; but in such a case, says the P. Zueco, if the +first syllable of the root is a consonant, pang, must be inserted +between naca, and the root, as: + + + The sick talks nonsense. Nacapangyamyam ang masaquit. + The men are kneeling Ang mga lalaqui nacapanglohod. + The women will kneel Ang mga babaye nanlohod. + Kneel down. Manlohod camé. + + + + +Exercise XXII. + +Are you a judge of horses?--I am a judge of horses--Will you buy +one for me?--If you will give me the money I will buy you two--Is +that man a judge of cloth?--He is not a good judge of it--How do +you manage to do that?--I will show you how I manage it--What must +I do for my lesson of to morrow?--You will make a fair copy of your +exercises, do three others, and study the next lesson--How does your +brother manage to learn Bisaya without a dictionary?--He manages it +very dexterously--Have you already seen my son?--I have not seen him +yet--How is he?--He is very well, you will not be able to recognize +him, for he has grown very tall in a short time--What kind of weather +is it?--It is very warm--Is it long time since we had any rain?--No; +and I believe we shall have to-day a storm--It may be--The wind +rises, it is thundering, do you hear it?--Yes, I hear it: but the +storm is still too far--Not so far as you think--Do you not see how +it lightens?--Bless me! what a shower!--If we go into some place, +we shall be sheltered from the storm. + + + + + + + +TWENTY THIRD LESSON + +OF THE PARTICLES NAQUIG AND NAQUI. + + +NAQUIG. + + +The particle naquig, signifies to stimulate to perform what the root +points out, and is employed with reciprocal verbs, and those implying +company in the action. The present and past tenses of active voice, +are formed by means of naquig, and the future and imperative with +maquig. It may be recomposed with the particle naga, but in this case +changes the letter n into p. The signification does not undergo any +change. Examples: + + + I invite you to go up to the tower. Naquigsacá acó canimo sa + latorre. + This man has been challenging me to Nagapaquigaoay quining tao + fight. canaco. + The horses excite themselves to Ang mga cabayo naquigaoay. + quarrel. + The children will excite themselves Ang mga bata maquigaoay. + to fight. + To excite, to exhort. Agdá + Excite your heart to the repentance Agdahon mo ang imong + of your sins. casingcasing sa paghinulsul sa + mga salá mo. + + + +NAQUI. + +This particle signifies to beg, to implore, to entreat, and also, +to fancy or to give one's mind to that which the root refers to, +points out. The present and past of this particle are conjugated +by means of naqui, and the future and imperative with maqui. This +particle like the preceding naquig, may be recomposed with naga, +changing also the initial n into p. When the action falls upon the +subject, naqui is translated into napaqui, being napaqui, for the +present and past, mapaqui, for future, and paqui or mapaqui for the +imperative mood. Examples: + + +The beggars are asking alms. Ang mga hangul naquilimos or + nagapaquilimos. +I beg you to explain this to me. Paquisayran mo acó niini. +Did you ask help from Mr. Peter? ¿Napaquitabang ca ba can Sr. + Pedro? +Beg God's mercy, then God does not Paquimalo-oy ca sa Dios, cay ang +despise to the sinner who begs of Dios magapasaylo sa macasasalá nga +Him pardon. maquipasaylo cania. +As to, As for.... Sa tungud sa.... +As to me.... Sa tungud canaco.... +As to that, I do not know what to Sa tungud niana, ambut cun onsay +say. ipamolong co. +I do not know what to do. Ambut or inay, cun onsay bububaton + co. +I do not know where to go. Ambut cun asay adto-on co. +I do not know what to answer. Ambut cun onsa ba ang itubág co. +To knock at the door. Pagtoctoc sa pultahan. +To distrust one. Dili pagsalig. +We must not trust every body. Dili quitá maeasalig sa mga tao + ngatanan. +To get into a bad scrape Pagsamuc. +That man is ever getting into bad Canang tao nangita guihapon sa mga +scrapes, but he always gets out of casamuc, apan nahigaoas guihapon +them again. sia. +To become acquainted with some Pagpaquig-higala. +one. +I have become acquainted with Mr Naquighigala acó can Sr. Gilbert, +Gilbert, because he is a good cay maayong amigos sia. +friend. +To resemble some one. Ingon-ingon ug dag-oay. +This lady resembles my sister. Quining babaye maingonlugon ug + dag-oay sa igso-on cong babaye. +You look like a federal. Ingon ug federal ang imong + dag-oay. +To spring forward. Pagdamag. +The dog jumps upon the rabbit. Ang cornejo guidamagan sa iró. +To lose one's wits. Pagcabu-ang. +This Lady has lost his wits, and Quining Señora nabuang, ug dili +she does not know what to do, sia mahibaló sa guibuhat nia +unhappy woman! lintaon! + + + + +Exercise XXIII. + +Being lately (sa usá ca adlao) in town, I received a letter from your +teacher in which he strongly complained of you--Do not weep--now go +into your room learn your lesson, and be a good boy (magma-ayo ca) +otherwise (cun dili) you will get nothing for dinner--I shall be +so good, my dear father, that you will certainly be satisfied with +me--What must be do in order to be happy?--Love and practise virtue, +and you will be happy both in this life and in the next--Since (cay) +we wish to be happy, let us do good to the poor, and let us have pity +on the unlucky (nalisdan)--Let us obey our masters, and never give +them any trouble--How has my son behaved towards you?--He has behaved +well towards me, for he behaves well towards every body--His father +told him often: the behavior of others is but an echo of our behavior; +if we behave well towards them, they will also behave well towards us; +but if we use them ill, we must not expect, (dili atong pa-abuton) +better from them, (ang batasan nila nga ma-ayo canato). + + + + + + + +TWENTY FOURTH LESSON + +OF THE PARTICLES NAHA, NAHI, NAPA, NASIG, NASIGHI, NANGI, NANHI, +NANIG, NANUM, NANI. + + +NAHA or NAHI. + +This particle is used to express that the action of the verb to which +is joined, took place out of mind, or by chance. The present and past +tenses are formed with naha or nahi; the future and imperative mood +by putting maha or mahi and the infinitive mood with paha or pagpaha +before the root. When speaking in passive, the present and past are +formed with the particle hin, and the future and imperative with hi. + +The particle naha admits only the passive of an, or the 3d passive, +excepting the verb gugma which must be conjugated by the passive of on. + +The roots Budlay, Butang and Bu-ut, change their initial B into M, +to form the verbs. + + + To rest. Pagpahamudlay. + To put one's in due place. Pagpahamutang. + To be pleased with. Pagpahimu-ut + + +Examples: + + +I do not speak on purpose. Nahanayan acó sa pagsulti, or + guihinaycan co ang pagsulti. +He quite alone is enjoying of Nagahiagom sia nga usá ra sa cabilin +our father's inheritance. sa amahán namo. +Pardon me, I have trodden on you Pasaylo-a acó, cay naha-tonób acó +unwillingly. canimo. +Take rest for a moment, then Magpahamudlay usa camó cadiot, cay +your walk was too far distant. hata-as man ca-ayo ang + pagsoroy-soroy niñó. + +Who does live in state of grace, Ang nahamutang sa pagcabutang sa +will obtain after his dead, the gracia, sa oras sa iyang camatayon, +everlasting life. macadangat sa quinabuhi nga dayon. +Thou art my beloved son, in whom Icao man ang nahigugma cong anác, +I have pleased myself. nga guihimu-utan co. +Love God with all your heart. Higugmaon ang Dios sa tibo-oc nga + casingcasing mo. + + + +NAPA. + +This particle is joined to the reflexive verbs, and signifies what +the root points out. The present and past tenses are formed with napa; +the future with mapa, and the imperative by means of pa. + +Examples: + + + He remained at home to play. Napabilin sia sa balay sa + pagdula-dula. + Distrust of flattering words. Ayao icao palimbong sa mga maghohopo + nga mga polong. + Why do you remain here? ¿Nganong napabilin ca dinhi? + I shall remain here till Mapabilin acó dinhi cutub ugma. + to-morrow. + Remain here. Pabilin ca. + + +Remark. As it may be seen by the examples, this particle has no +passive voice. + + + +NASIG. + + +This particle is placed before roots of reflexive verbs, and it is +the most proper to express reciprocalness. Like the preceding, it has +not passive voice, and its active tenses are formed with nasig the +present and past, and by means of masig the future and imperative. As: + + +They two hate each other. Nasigdumut silang du-há. +Come to an agreement between Masigsabút camó. +yourselves. +Help one another to reap as soon as Masigtabang camó, aron madali +may be your ricegrounds. mahumán ang pagga-ad sa iñong mga + basac. + + + +NASIGHI. + +This particle, as well as nasig signifies reciprocalness, but depending +on any one circumstance. Its tenses are formed with nasighi and +masighi respectively. It is also in lack of passive. + + +Love one another, and you will be Masighigugma camó ug mapaladan +happy. camó. +Arthur and Mary love each other. Si Arturo ug si Maria nasighiugma + sila. + + + +NANGI. + +The particle nangi, is employed but with the root Laba, which signifies +to ask for protection, to beg, to beseech any thing from God or from +the Saints. Its tenses are formed with nangi and mangi respectively; +and the passive by means of guipangi: the present and past tenses +and with pangi the future and imperative moods. Examples: + + +I will beg the God's grace, in this Mangilaba acó sa Dios ni-ining +trouble I am feeling. cayugot nga guiantus co. +Beg His assistance to be delivered Pangilaba mo sia aron bauion ca +from that temptation. nianang panolay. + + + +NANHI + +This particle governs only the roots Coco, Bungut and Quiqui. The +active tenses are formed with nanhi and manhi; and in passive voice +with guipanhi and panhi respectively. Examples: + + + He cuts himself the nails. Nanhingoco sia. + He cleans himself the teeth. Nanhingiqui sia. + He is shaving himself. Nanhimungut sia. + + + +NANIG. + +It is used before the adverb ingon, and signifies to imitate. It +is conjugated with nanig and manig and with guipanig and panig +respectively. + + + +NANUM. + +The particle nanum, is only used with the root Balay, Ex: + + +You are always running from house to house. Nanumbalay camó guihapon. + + + +NANI. + +This particle precedes to the roots Odto and hapon: and admits the +three passives. Thus: + + + We have just dined. Naniodto na camé. + Serve them the dinner. Paniodtohon mo sila. + Will you take the supper here?. Manihapon ba camó dinhi? + + + + +Exercise XXIV. + +How do you do?--Very well at your service--And how are all at home, +your parents and your brothers?--Tolerably well, thank God--As for you, +you are health itself: you cannot look better--Please to sit down, +here is a chair--I will not detain you from your business I know +that a merchant's time is precious--I have nothing to do at present, +I only wished in passing, to inquire about your health--You do me +much honor--What o'clock is it?--It is half past one--You say it is +half past one, and by my watch (dinhi sa acong orasan) it is but half +past twelve--Pardon me: (tabi canimo): it has not yet struck one--I +assure you it is half-past one, for my watch goes very well--Who has +arrived?--They say my cousin has arrived--Where does he come from?--He +is coming from Manila--Has he spent a long time on the sea?--He has +suffer a delay of fortnight, for the weather was very bad--Have you +bought this hat in Manila?--I have not bought it, my cousin who has +just arrived, has made me a present of it. + + + + + + + +TWENTY FIFTH LESSON + +IMPERSONAL VERBS. + + +The impersonal verbs are those which express the atmospherical +phenomena, and are only used in the third person singular, compounded +with the particle naga or mi out of the roots init and Tugnao which +are compounded with na. Ex: + + +To dawn. Pagbanagbanag. +To arrive at break of day. Pagcabuntag, eabuntagon. +To grow dark. Pagcagabi-i, cagabhion. +To rain like a deluge. Pagolan sa mabascug. +To rain. Pagolan. + +To drizzle. Pagalindahao. +To lighten. Pagquilat. +To thunder. Pagdalogdog, paglugung. +It is raining. Nagaolan man. +Is it lightening? Nagaquilat ba? +It is thundering. Nagadalogdog. +Is it warm? ¿Mainit ba? +No: it is cold. Dili; matugnao man. +To behave well towards. Ma-ayo ang batasan sa. +He behaves well towards his Ma-ayo ang batasan nia sa iyang +cousin. ig-agao. +To behave ill. Dautan ang batasan. +He use ill his friends. Dautan ang batasan nia sa mga higala + nia. +As he was always behave well Cay ma-ayo guihapon ang batasan nia +towards me, I will not use him canaco, ma-ayo usab ang batasan co +ill. cania. +In vain. Bisan onsaon. +In vain I look around, I saw Bisan onsaon co pagtan-ao sa libut +neither house nor man; not the co, ualá acó ma-caquita ug balay, ug +least sign of dwelling. ug balay, ug tao ug tima-an sa + puluy-anan. +We search in vain, for what we Bisan onsaon ta pagpangita, dili +have lost, we cannot find. quitá macaquita sa naualá canato. +What do you mean? ¿Onsay bu-ut ipamolong mo? +I mean, hallo! Bu-ut cong ipamolong idiay! +That does not mean any thing. Cana ualay casayuran. +As long, as. Cun, pa. +As long as you behave well, Cun ma-ayo pa ang batasan mo, +people will love you. higugmaon ca. +Unless. Cun dili. +If it should happen that. Cun pananglit, Cun cailignon pa + unta. + +Although, Whatever. Bisan ogaling, Bisan dacó ogaling. +Unless you speak her she will Cun dili ca magsulti cania, dili sia +not answer you. mutu-bág canimo. +Whatever be our patience,we will Bisan dacó ogaling ang pagantos ta +never have enough. dili pa igo sa guihapon. +Would to God! Unta, Hinaut unta. +Would to God it were so! Agad unta nga mao cana ingon niana! +May you be happy! Hinaut unta nga mapaladan ca! +In order to.... Cay aron.... +In order that.... Cay aron.... +I send you this book in order Guipadalá co canimo quining libro +that you may read it. cay aron basahon mo. +By dint of. Tungud sa dacó. +By dint of labour. Tungund sa dacong pag-buhat. +The more, as. Ingon nga, labi pa cay. +I am the more displeased with Ingon nga dili acó mu-angay sa imong +your behaviour, as you are under batasan labi pa cay daghan ang utang +many obligations to me. mong bu-ut canaco. + + + + +Exercise XXV. + +Why is your mother troubled?--She troubles at receiving no news +from her son who is in Spain--She must be not troubled about him, +for whenever he gets into a bad scrape, he knows how to get out of it +again--Last year, when we were to hunt together, night grow upon us +(guicagabhian camé) very far from our house--Where did you pass the +night?--At first I was very afflicted, but your brother not so: on +the contrary, he tranquillized me, so that I lost my restlessness--We +found at last a shepherd's hut where we spent the night--There I had +opportunity to observe the cleverness of your brother--A few canes of a +truss of straw served him to make a comfortable bed--He used a bottle +as a candlestick, and with two or three birds he prepared the most +comfortable supper--Where we awoke in the morning we were as rested and +healthy as if we had slept on the most comfortable bed in the world. + + + + + + + +TWENTY SIXTH LESSON + +DEFECTIVE VERBS. + + +The defective verbs of this dialect are employed but in coexistent +past, putting the person in genitive case. They are eight in number, +as follows: + +1.o Apat, governs the subordinate verb in the subjunctive mood, as: + + + You had better not come. Apat nga ualá icao muanhi. + + +2.o Buuti, signifies, from what I can see, in my opinion, and must +be placed at the end of the sentence, Thus: + + + In my opinion, that is what he Mao man cana, buuti ang gui-ingon + said. nia. + + +3.o Matod or polong, is made use of, when citing the saying or sentence +of any one, as: + + + Says St. Austin. Matod or polong ni San Agustin. + According to what I say or said. Matod co, polong co. + According to what the holy Bible Matod sa santos nga Sulát. + says. + + +4.o Abi. This verb is employed in the coexistent past, placing the +personal pronoun in genitive case, as: + + + Did you think I was not here? ¿Abi mo ba nga ualá acó dinhi? + He thought I had told it. Abi nia acoy nagaingon. + + +5.o Bacut co, Baut co. It is employed with the first person of the +absolute preterit of indicative mood, thus: + + + I thought he would come home. Baut co nga muanhi sia sa balay. + + +6.o Ambut. + + + I do not know where is the Father. Ambut hain ba ang Pare. + + +7.o Conó. This verb must be always placed at the end of the sentence, +and answers to the English dictions "It is said" "They or people say". + + + People say Mr. John has died. Namatay conó si señor Juan. + It is said that she is very handsome. Ma-anindut conó sia. + + +8.o Bantug. + + + It is a report that the Guibantug nga hado-ol ang mga + insurgents are near. insurrecto. + The story goes, Mr John died Bantug nga namatay cahapon si Sr. + yesterday. Juan. + How far? ¿Asa cutub? + How far did you go? ¿Asa ba cutub adto icao? + As far as there. Didto cutub. + Knee high. Cutub (hasta) sa tohod. + Down to the end of the street. Cutub sa catapusan sa dalan. + + The whole family down the very Ang mga caubanan nga tanan hasta sa + cat and dog. iring ug iró. + On this side. Dinhi sa luyó. + Take care, for the snake is Magbantay ca, cay anha ra natago + behind the door. ang saoa sa luyó sa tacop. + Thus, So, In this manner. Ingon ni-ini. + How this word is written? Guionsa ba ang pagsulát ni-ining + polong? + In this manner. Ingon ni-ini. + + + + +Exercise XXVI. + +Why are you at variance with John?--Because he always finds faults +with every thing he sees--What does that mean?--That means that I +do not like to speak with you, because you are a liar--Do you wish +to know why did not write your brother his exercise?--Because it was +too difficult--He has sat up all night and has not been able to do it, +because it was out of his reach (cay canang tema dili mahimo nia)--As +soon as (igo) Peter sees me, he begins to speak Bisaya, in order to +practise, (sa pagsumay-sumay) and overwhelms me with attentions; so +that I often do not know what to answer. --His brothers do the same, +however, (bisan pa niana) they are very good people--They are not only +rich and amiable, but they are also generous and charitable.--They +love me sincerely; therefore (busa) I love them also, and shall never +say any thing against their reputation, I should love them still more +(dacó pa ngani unta ang paghigugma co canila) if they did not make +so much ceremony; but every man has his faults, aid my fault is to +speak too much of their compliments. + + + + + + + +TWENTY SEVENTH LESSON + +PRACTICAL SENTENCES + + +To die, to lose life. Pagcamatay. +I shall die, for it is appointed Mamatay man acó, cay sugo man sa +unto men one to die. Dios nga mamatay ang tao sa macausá + da. +The man died this morning, and Ang lalaqui namatay caniha sa +his wife died also this buntag, ug ang asaoa nia caron +afternoon. hapon. +Far off, from far. Sa halayó. +That picture is seen far off. Ma-ayo tan-aon canang cuadro sa + halayó. +What has become of your sister? ¿Naonsa ba ang imong igso-on nga + babaye? +I do not know, what has become of Ambut cun naonsa ba sia. +her. +What is your name? ¿Quinsay ngalan mo? +My name is Hope. Si Esperanza ang ngalan co. +How this is called in Bisaya? ¿Onsa ba ang ngalan ni-ini sa + Binisaya? +I do not know. Ambut, Inay. +Rather, Rather than. Ona. +He has arrived sooner than I. Sia miabut pagona canaco. +Easy. Masayón. +Difficult. Malisud. +Useful. May pulus. +Useless. Ualay pulus. +Is it useful to write a good ¿May pulus ba ang pagsulát ca-ayo? +deal? +It is useful. May pulus man. +It is bad, Wrong. Dautan man. +Is it right to take the property ¿Ma-ayo ba ang pagcuha sa mga +of others? manggad nga dili caugalingon? +Opposite. Sa atubangan, Sa atbang. + +Opposite this house. Sa atubangan ni-ining balay. +In several manners. Sa pagcalain-lain. +You have written in several Guilain-lain mo ang pagsulál ug +manners, but always bad. dautan guihapon ang pagsulát mo. +I live opposite the Church. Nagapuyó acó atbang sa Singbahan. +To be born. Pagcatao. +Where were you born? ¿Hain ca ba natao? +I was born in Tagbilaran. Natao man acó sa Tagbilaran. +Where was your sister born? ¿Di-in ba natao ang imong igso-on + nga babaye? +She was born in Bais. Natao sia sa Bais +To lose sight off. Pagcaualá sa matá. +The steamer is so far off, that Ingon ca halayó ang vapor, nga sa +we shall soon lose sight of it. madali ma-ualá sa mga matá ta. +To suspect, To guess. Pagcatahap. +I suspect what you have done. Natahap acó sa imong guibuhat. +On purpose. Tinuyo +Did you beat my dog on purpose? ¿Tinuyo (guituyo) mo ba ang + paghampac sa iró co? +Towards. Dapit. +He comes towards me. Mianhi sia dapit canaco. + + + + +Exercise XXVII. + +I suspected that you would be thirsty and your brother hungry; that +is the reason (busa man ngani) I brought you hither--I am sorry, +however, not to see your mother--Why do you not drink coffee?--If +I were not sleepy I would drink it--Sometimes you are sleepy, +sometimes cold, sometimes are you hungry and sometimes thirsty--A +man having seen that old men used spectacles (nagasalamin) to read, +went to a merchant and asked for a pair. The man then took a book, +and having opened it, said the spectacles were not good. The merchant +gave him another pair of the best, which he could find in his shop; +but the man being still unable to read, the merchant said to him: +"My friend, do you know how to read"?--If I know to read, answered +the man, I should not want your spectacles. + + + + + + + +TWENTY EIGHTH LESSON + +PRACTICAL SENTENCES + + +To be naked. Paghubo +It is a man naked there. Didto may usá ca tao nga + nahubo-an. +I had like to have lost my money Diriot maualá ang acong salapi. +He was very near falling. Diriot maholog sia. +He was within a hair's breadth of Diriot papation sia. +being killed. +He had liked to have died. Diriot sia namatay. +Thunderbolt. Linti. +A thunderbolt struck the boat. Guilintian ang sacayan. +The flower. Ang bulac. +To blossom. Pagpamulac. +To grow. Pagtubo. +All over. Bisan asa, Bisan di-in. +Under the shade. Sa landong. +Let us sit down under the shade of Mulingcod quitá sa landong +that tree. niadtong cahuy. +This man pretends to sleep under Quining tao nagapacatolog dihá sa +the shade of this table. landong ni-ining lamesa. +Alone. Da, Lamang. +I was there alone. Didto acó rang usá. +One person only. Usá ra ca persona. +One God and three persons. Usá ra ca Dios ug totoló ca + personas. + +God alone can do this. Ang Dios lamang ang macabuhat + ni-ini. +He arrived poor, grew rich in a Sa pagabut nia, mahangul man sia, +short time, and lost all in a nacasalapi sia sa macariot ug sa +shorter time. macariot pa naualá cania ang + ngatanan. +Any thing to be over. Humán, Hurút. +And now: what are you going to do? Ug caron: ¿onsay bubuhaton mo? +Now I will say: "It is over". Caron muingon acó: "Tapus na, + Human na". + + + + +Exercise XXVIII. + +Being one day hunting the Emperor Charles V. lost his way in the +forest, and having arrived to a house he went in, in order to +rest himself. There were there four men, who affect to sleep. One +of them got up, and approaching to the Emperor told him he had +dreamed he should take his watch, and took it. Then another rose +and said that he had dreamed his overcoat fitted him well, and took +it. The third took his purse. At last, the four came up and said: +"I hope you will not take it ill if I search you" and in doing it saw +around the Emperor's neck a golden chain to which a whistle was tied, +which he wishes to rob him of; but the Emperor said: "my good friend, +before depriving me of this jewel (hias) I must teach you its virtue, +and saying this, he whistled. His attendants who were seeking him, +hastened to the house and were astonished of seeing his majesty in +such a state. But the Emperor seeing himself out of danger (gaoas +sa calisud) said: "behold, these men who have dreamed all that they +like. I wish in my turn to dream" and after a short musing, he said: +"I have dreamed that you all four deserve to be hanged" which was +not sooner spoken than executed before the house. + + + END. + + + + + + + +KEY TO THE EXERCISES + + +I. + +¿Na-a ba canimo ang pan? Oo, ania canaco ang pan. Na-a ba canimo ang +imong pan? Ania canaco ang acong pan. Na-a ba canimo ang asin? Ania +canaco ang asin. Na-a ba canimo ang acong asin? Ania canaco ang +imong asin. Na-a ba canimo ang sabon? Ania canaco ang sabon. Onsa +nga sabon ang ana-a canimo? Ania canaco ang imong sabon. Onsa nga +sinina ang na-a canimo? Ania canaco ang acong sinina. Daghan ba +ang imong salapi? Daghan man ang acong salapi. Hain ba ang imong +igso-on nga babae? Tua didto sa tanaman sa mga bulac. Hain ba ang +imong amahan? Ania dinhi. + + +II. + +Ma-ayong buntag canimo: comusta ca? Ma-ayo man acó calo-oy sa +Dios. Taga di-in ca ba? Taga España man acó. Taga di-in ca nga +longsod? Taga Cornago. Hain ba ang acong libro? Ania canaco. Quinsa +ba canang dalaga? Sia man si Catalina. Hain ba ang acong caban? Tua sa +bata. Na-a ba canimo ang acong mga vaso nga matahum? Ania canaco. Na-a +ba canimo ang mga matahum nga cabayo sa acong mga silingan? Ualá +canaco. Quinsa ca ba? Acó man si Juan. Icao ba ang Amahan ni +Pedro? Acó man. + + +III. + +¿Hain ba ang acong libro? Sa ilalom sa silla. Hain ba ang acong +calo? Tua sa ibabao sa lamesa. Tua ba ang calo co sa ibabao +sa lamesa? Ualá: tua sa ibabao sa higda-an. Guibasa mo ba ang +libro? Ualá co basaba. Pila ca libro ang guisulát mo? Guisulát co +usá. Sa nacapila ba icao nagbasa sa sulát? Sa nacadaghan na. Sa +nacapila ba icao naghilac? Sa nacalima. Tagpila ang sohol canimo +ang adlao? Tagudha ca peseta, ang adlao. Pila ba ca tuig ang imong +edad? Caluha-an ug pito ca tuig ang acong edad. Pila ba ca tuig ang +iyang edad? Ualá pa sia ug caluha-an ca tuig. Napasó ca ba? Tagsa +ca tao, tagsa ca gugma. Nahigugma ca ba matolog? Dili: nahigugma acó +magsulti. Nahadluc ca ba ni-ining tao? Dili acó mahadluc cania. Onsa +nga oras ang imong paghigdá? Nagahigdá acó sa pagsalup sa adlao ug +mibangon acó sa pagsubáng sa adlao. + + +IV. + +¿Asa ca ba paiugón? Muadto acó didto sa Singbahán. Na-a ba canimo +quining pluma, cun cadto ba? Ualá canaco quini ug cadto, apan ania +canaco cari. Canus-a sia minabut? Naca-abut sia cahapon maingon +niaron. Hain ba sia? Tua sa balay. Nacapamolong ca ba ug binisaya? Ualá +pa. Guipalit co ang cabayo nga guihisgutan mo canaco. Canus-a guipalit +mo sia? Cahapon. Asa ca bu-ut magdalá canaco? Icapila quitá caron? Sa +icacaluha-an ug usá ca adlao. Guisultihan co cadtong mga lalaqui nga +guisultihan mo. Hain guisultihan mo sila? Guisultihan co sila sa dalan. + + +V. + +Guiquita co ang mga batang diutay nga imong guihatagan sa mga libro; +ug hinquit-an co upod, ang mga lalaqui nga imong guisultihan. Ang mga +maquina-admanon macatuquib sa mga hata-as nga casayoran. Ang tao nga +maloloy-on nalo-oy sa iyang isigcatao. Onsay bubuhaton mo? Dunay acong +isulti sa mga tao. Anus-a ca ba magsulti canila? Caron gabi-i. Onsa +nga oras? Sa á las ocho y media. Na-a ba canimo ang acong sinina, +cun ang sinina sa acong igso-on? Ania canaco ang usa ug usá, Na-a ba +canimo ang mga cintas nga bulaoan sa acong inahan? Ualá canaco. Hain +ba? Tua sa acong igso-on. Mahagugma ca ba muguican? Dili acó mahagugma +muguican. Ngano? Cay masaquít acó. + + +VI. + +Magsama ang cadaghan sa salapi co ug sa salapi mo. Magsama ba ang +cadaghanan sa mga higala mo ug ang aco? Diriot pa ang among salapi +sa ila. Quining libro diutay man, cadto labi pang diutay ug cari mao +ang labing diutay sa ngatanan. Quining calo dacó man, a pan cadto labi +pang dacó. Ang imong calo dacó ba ingon sa aco? Ang acong calo dacó pa +dili ang iñó. Ang pagsulat sa imong mga anac tagingon ba sa pagsulat +namo? Ang pagsulat nila labi pa dili ang iñó. Daghan pa ang salapi sa +acong amahan sa bulaoan nia. Ang singsing mo dili ingon nga ma-anindut +sa can Nanay. Ang imong amahan culang (less) sa quina-adman sa amahan +co. Diriot pa ang acong bugás sa capé. Nagabasa ca ba sa masubsub +ingon canaco? Guipatalinhog mo ba ang gui-ingon canimo sa imong +igso-on? Guipatalinhog co. Ang Dios mao ang ualay ingon nga Amahan. + + +VII. + +Ang imong pagsulti sama sa aco. Diriot pa ang ílang mga libro dili +ang ilang mga dula-an. Magsama ba ang cadaghanan sa mga libro mo ug +ang aco? Diriot pa ang mga libro co sa imo. Magsama ba ang cadaghanan +sa mga langgam sa atong amigo ug ang sa iyang mga pisó? Daghan pa ang +mga langgam dili ang mga pisó. May catarungan camé sa pagsulti? May +catarungan camó sa pagsulti, apan ualá camoy catarungan sa pagputul +sa acong mga cahuy. Duna bay imong tiempo sa pagbuhat? Dunay acong +tiempo, apan dili acó bu-ut. Bu-ut ca ba mupalit bisan onsa? Oo, +bu-ut acó mupalit usá pa ca cabayo. Magsama ba ang cadaghan sa imong +papel nga ma-ayo ug ang sa papel nga dautan? Magsama ang cadaghan +sa usá ug ang sa usá. Magsama ba ang cadaghan sa dugús sa atong mga +silingan ug ang sa ilang asucar? Daghan pa ang ilang dugús sa ilang +asucar. Magsama ba ang cadaghan sa mga sinelas sa imong mga anac +ug ang sa ilang mga sinina? Diriot pa ang ilang mga sinina dili ang +ilang mga sinelas. Duna acó ing ihangyo canimo. + + +VIII. + +¿Quinsa ba ang Pare? Ang Pare mao ang ilis sa Dios ug mao man usab ang +amahan sa mga calág. Ma-anindut ba ang mga bulac? Oo, ang mga bulac +ngatanan ma-anindut man, apan ang labing ma-anidut mao ang asucena, +tungud cay sia man ang maga-asuy sa pagcaulay, sa pagcacastos, +sa pagcaputli, sa pagcaualay salá ug sa pagcaputóng. Taga di-in ca +ba? Taga Aloran man acó, ang acong guinicanan taga Cornago, ang acong +magulang taga Oroquieta ug ang acong manghod taga Tagbilaran. ¿Bu-ut +mo ba ipadalá usa pa ca cabayo didto sa balay sa atong amigo? Bu-ut +co ipadalí ug daghan pa. ¿Duha bay imong cuhaon? Mucuha acó ug bisan +usá. ¿Onsa bay cuhaon mo? Mucuha acó ug vino. Duna bay guipacuha sa +imong amahan? Oo, guipacuha nia ug vino. Quinsay guipacuha sa imong +silingan? Guipacuha nia ang mananambal. Nagahubo ba sa sinina ang +imong sologo-on sa pagdagcut sa calayo? Nagahubo sia sa sinina sa +pagdagcut sa calayo. + + +IX. + +¿Anus-a ba muguican ang imong amahan? Caron adlao. Onsang orasa? Sa +á las cuatro. Asa ba sia paingon? Muadto sia sa Madrid. Mupatay ba +ang carnicero ug mga vaca? Mupatay sia ug mga carnero, labon nga +mupatay sia unta ug mga vaca. ¿Guibocas mo ba ang calo sa pagsulti +mo sa acong amahan? Guibocas co ang calo sa pagsulti cania. Muinóm +ca ba ug capé, cun chá ba, sa buntag? Muinóm acó ug capé. Muinóm +ca ba ug capé sa buntagbuntag? Muinóm acó ug capé sa buntagbuntag +ug sa hapon-hapon. Onsay gui-inóm sa imong amahan? Muinóm man +sia ug chicolate. Asa ba cutub naca-adto caniha sa buntag ang +mga batanar diutay? Naca-adto sila didto cutub sa balay sa ilang +ig-agao. Guicaoatan ca ba ug bisan onsa? Guicaoatan man acó sa usá +ca cabayo nga ma-ayo. + + +X. + +¿Macasoroy-soroy ca ba idiay! ug dili ca ba maca-adto sa +Singbahan? Dili acó maca-adto sa Singbahan, cay masaquít acó. May +gahúm ca ba sa pag-antos niana? Ayao ca magpacama-alam, cay cabús +icao ug hunahuna. Bu-ut ca ba magbuhat? Bu-ut acó magbuhat ug dili +acó tugutan nila. Hain ba ang imong asaoa? Ambut. Anus-a guiquita +mo sia? Naquita co sia sa á las siete sa buntag. Quinsa ba ang imong +guisultihan? Nagasulti acó sa acong igso-on nga babaye. Guisultihan mo +ba sia sa adlao ngatanan? Onsay calingaoan ni-ining tao? Maoy usá ca +tampalasan nga nalingaolingao sa pag-inóm ug sa pagsugál. Quinsa ba +ang mga tao nga bag-o pa minabut? Taga Rusia man sila. Sa catapusan; +miabut na ba ang imong amahan? Ang mga taong tanan muingon nga miabut +na, apan ualá co sia maquita. Nacadaut ba ang mananambal sa imong +anac? Nacadaut man cania, cay nacaputul sa todlo nia. + + +XI. + +¿Miangay ca ba sa imong sologo-on? Miangay acó ca-ayo cania, cay +mahibaló sia sa ngatanan. Napauli ba ang imong igso-on guican sa +España? Napauli na sia guican sa España, ug guidad-an ca nia ug usá +ca cabayo nga ma-ayo. Gui-ingón ba nia ang sologo-on nga hatdan +acó nia niana? Gui-ingnon sia nga ihatud nia canimo. Onsa ba sa +imong paghunahuna? Ma-anindut ug ma-ayo man, sa acong pagsabut, ug +magahangyo acó canimo nga ihatud mo didto sa balay sa acong igso-on, +cay aron maquita nia. ¿Onsa ba ang imong calingaoan cahapon? Naca-adto +man acó didto sa balay sa acong ugangan, ug dihádihá naca-adto man +acó sa sayao. ¿Canus-a ba nanaog cadtong tao dihá sa atabay? Nanaog +sia caniha sa buntag. ¿Nacasacá na ba sia pagusáb? Dugay na usá ca +oras nga minsacá sia pagusáb (or) (nga nagusáb sia pagsacá). Hain +ba ang igso-on mo? Tua sa iyang cuarto. Bu-ut mo ba sia ingnon nga +manaog sia? Bu-ut acó, apan ualá pa sia mag-ilis. + + +XII. + +¿Onsay guipangabuhi sa among mga guinlioatan? Ang isdá ug ang mga +langgam nga bihag mao rá ang ilang pagpangabuhi, cay sa adlao-adlao +nanagat ug namusil man sila. Icao nagto-on sa imong lección, ngano +nga ualá ton-i sa imong igso-on nga babae ang iya? Nagsoroy-soroy +sia uban sa acong Inahan; busa, ualá sia macato-on sa iyang lección, +apan ton-an nia ogmá. Anus-a ba saoayon mo ang acong mga tema? Saoayon +co cun dad-an mo acó sa mga tema sa igso-on mo. Nagahunahuna ca ba, +nga nasayóp ca dihá nianang imong mga tema? Ambut. Cun nasayóp ca, +ualá ca magestudio pagayo sa imong mga lección, cay quinahanglan ang +pagto-on ug ma-ayo sa mga lección, aron dili quitá ma-sayóp dihá sa mga +tema. Mao sa guihapon; cun dili saoayon mo caron, dili acó magato-on +niana hasta ogma. Quinahanglan ang dili pagcasayóp dihá sa mga tema; +cay na-a man canimo ang ngatanan nga quinahanglan, cay aron dili ca +masayóp. Quinsa ba dihá? Acó man. Quinsa ba canang mga tao? Ambut. Taga +di-in ba sila? Taga America man sila. Ngano nga nagalingcod ca do-ol +sa calayo? Matugnao ang acong camút ug ti-il, busa, nagalingcod acó +sa do-ol sa calayo. Mabugnao ba ang mga camút sa imong igso-on? Dili, +apan mabugnao ang iyang ti-il. Onsay guibati sa imong ig-agao? Masaquít +ang iyang pa-a. Onsay saquít ni-ining babaye? Masaquít ang dila nía. + + +XIII. + +Usá sa mga ayuda sa Cámara ni Luis XIV naghangyo ni-ining Principe sa +paghigdá nia, nga itugyan nia untá sa dacó sa mga ministro ug usá ca +capolonganan (lawsuit) nia contra sa iyang ugangan, ug nagingón sa +paghangyo cania: "Señor, mao rá ang imo ang pagpamolong ug usá ca +polong". Ma-ayo, matod ni Luis XIV, dili man caná ang cabilinggan +(which embarrasses me): apan sayri acó: (tell me) cun dihá ca untá +sa cabutangan sa imong ugangan ¿mahimu-ut ca untá, nga ipamolong co +canang polong? Cun muanhi unta ang mga tao, quinahanglan untá ang +paghatag canila bisan onsa, nga imnón nila. Gun macahimo untá sia +ni-ini, bu-ut sia untá magbuhat niadto. Nagapadayeg acó guihapon, +igso-on co nga hinigugma, cay nahagugma ca canaco ingón sa paghigugma +co canimo; apan, caron nailá co, nga nasayóp acó. Nasayod acó, igso-on +nga hinigugma, nga nanuyó ca canaco, cay nagsoroy-soroy acó sa ualay +tingug co canimo, apan nagamatood acó canimo, nga cun masayod acó +untá nga dili ca masaquít, anha-an ta icao untá; apan nangutana acó +sa balay sa imong mananambal ug ma-ayo ca ba ug laoas, ug nagingón +sia canaco, nga ualo na ca-adlao ang imong paghigdá. + + +XIV. + +¿Duna ba untá imong salapi, cun dinhi untá ang imong amahan? Duna +untay acong salapi, cun dinhi sia untá. Sa pagabut se usá ca Oficial +nga Frances didto sa corte sa Viena, guipangutana sia sa Emperatriz +nga si Teresa, cun mito-o pa ba sia nga ang Princesa N. nga naquita +nia cahapon, mao gayud ang babaye nga labing ma-anindut sa calibutan +ingón sa guibantug. "Señora: mintubág ang Oficial, minto-o acó niana +cahapon". ¿Naonsa ba ang imong oyo-an? Sayran ta icao, cun naonsa ba +sia: ania man dinhi ang siya nga guilingcoran nia sa masubsub. ¿Namatáy +ba sia? Namatáy man. ¿Canus-a ba sia namatáy? Dugay na, totoló ca +semana. Masaquít ug dacó ang acong casingcasing. ¿Ngano nga dili ca +mulingcod? Cun bu-ut ca mulingcod sa acong luyó, mulingcod acó upod; +apan cun pauli ca, pauli usáb acó. ¿Bu-ut ca ba magingón canaco, cun +naonsa ang igso-on mo? Bu-ut magingón canimo cun naonsa sia. ¿Namatáy +ba sia? Ualá sia mamatáy. ¿Naonsa ba sia? Na-adto man sia didto sa +Manila. ¿Naonsa ba ang imong mga igso-on? Dili macasuguilon canimo, +cun naonsa ba sila, cay dugay na, unúm ca tuig nga ualá silá maquita. + + +XV. + +¿Nganong guiablihán mo ang pultá: dili ba maquita mo nga ma-asó +dinhi? Naquita co, apan quinahanglan ang pagabli sa ventana, dili nga +(labón) ablihán unta ang pultahán. Ang ventana dili ma-abli ug ma-ayo, +busa guiablihán co ang ventana. Anus-a ba sirhán mo? Sirhán co igo +nga ualáy asó untá. ¿May pulus ba (ang) sa pagsulti ca-ayo? Cun bu-ut +quita magto-on ug usá ca pinolongan nga dili caogalingon, may pulus sa +pagsulti ca-ayo. ¿Magsama ba ang pulus sa pagsulát ug sa pagsulti? May +pulus pa sa pagsulti dili sa pagsulát, apan sa pagto-on ug usa ca +pinolongan, quinahanglan ang pagsulát ug ang pagsulti. ¿May pulus ba +sa pagsulát sa ngatanán nga guipamolong? Ualáy pulus. ¿Di-in nacuha mo +quining libro? Nacuha co didto sa cuarto sa imong amigos. ¿Ma-ayo ba +ang pagcuha sa mga libro nga dili caogalingon? Dili ma-ayo, nasayod +acó, apan quinahanglan co caná, ug nagasalig acó nga dili manuyó ang +imong higala, cay iuli cania igo co basaha. + + +XVI. + +Quining tao nalain ca-ayo. ¿Hain ba icao natao? Dili acó bu-ut +inutug-an canimo. Cun dili icao muatubang cania, dili acó magsulti +cania. ¿Onsa-onsaon ba ang pagpamolong ni-ini? Cana dili aráng +ipamolong sa binisayá. Quinahanglan ang pag-anad sa mga batang diutay +cutub sa pagcabata, sa pagbuhat. Anad man acó sa pagsulát. Dili acó +macasangput sa binisayá, cay ualá acoy batasan sa pagsulti. Ang tao +usahay mucataoa, usahay muhilac. Cun mahibaló acó untá sa guibuhat +mo.... ¿Guitugutan mo ba acó sa pag-adto sa baybayon? Dili ta icao +pa-adto-on didto. Dalion mo caná pagbuhat. ¿Ngano nahigaoad si Fernando +sa iyang asaoa? Si Tomás nagamahay can Fructuosa ug si Fructuosa can +Tomás. ¿Quinsa ba ang may catarungan? Silang duhá ualáy catarungan, +cay si Tomás bu-ut mucuha sa mga dula-an ni Fructuosa ug si Fructuosa, +bu-ut mucha sa mga dula-an ni Tomás. + + +XVII. + +¿Asa ba cutub muadto quitá? Muadto quitá cutub sa Singbahán. ¿Muadto +ca ba cutub sa subá? Dili; muadto acó cutub sa Daois. ¿Duna bay +imong guicaoat usahay? Ualá acóy sugod mangaoat. ¿Duna bay imong +guitina? Guitina co ang acong calo. ¿Onsay guitina mo? Maitóm ang +guitina co sa calo co. ¿Guipatina mo ba ang imong calo? Verde ang +guipatina co sa acong calo. ¿Onsa nga calo ang tua sa bata? Duruhá +man ang iyang calo, ang usá maputi ug ang usa maitóm. ¿Asa cutub +quining dalan? Didto cutub sa Baclayon ¿Hain ba nagapuyó ang imong +higala? Nagapuyó sia dinhi dapit sa dalan. ¿Tua ba ang tanaman +sa mga bulac sa imong igso-on nga babae dinhi dapit cun didto ba +dapit sa cacahuyan? Tua didto dapit. ¿Masucó ca ba untá, cun muabút +untá caron nga adlaoa ang imong inahan? Malipay acó untá hino-o, +(rather). ¿Nanuyó ca ba canaco? Dili: nanuyó acó can Valeriana, +nga naca-adto sa sayao sa ualáy tingug canaco. + + +XVIII. + +¿Ma-ayo ba ang pagyubit maingón niana (thus) sa mga taong +tanán? Guiyubit co ang imong mga visti, dili acó magayubit sa inga +taong tanán. ¿Quinsay maingnan ug dagoay sa anác mo? Ualáy maingnan +nia ug dagoay. ¿Dili ca ba macapahalayó nianang taoha? Dili acó +macapahalayó cania, tungud cay bu-ut sia mag-apas canaco sa lugus +(sa linugsa-nay). ¿Ualá ba sia mabu-ang? Tingali cahá. (It may +be). ¿Onsay tuyo nia? Ambut. ¿Quinsay tag-iya nianang pusil? Ang +acong oyoan maoy tag-iya. ¿Quinsa ba cadtong mga tao? Ang nagavisti +ug maputi mao ang acong silingan, ug ang nagavisti ug maitóm, mao ang +anác sa mananambal nga nacatampaling sa acong silingan. Daghan man +ang mga maquina-admanon didto sa Roma, ¿dili ba mato-od?--nagotana +si Milton sa usá ca tao nga taga Roma. Dili man daghan inaingón sa +didto ca pa--mitubág ang taga Roma. + + +XIX. + +¿Ngano nga napado-ol ca nianang mga tao? Napado-ol acó canila, cay may +pulus acó canila. Cun mudayon ca pa sa pagdo-ol canila, mangita ca sa +mga casamucan, cay daghanan ang ilang mga ca-aoay. ¿Nasayod ca cun hain +ba ang ma-ayong cala-ngoyan? Nasayod acó, cun hain dunay usa. ¿Hain +ba? Didto dapit sa tabóc sa suba sa licód sa cacahuyan do-ol sa +dalan. ¿Anus-a ba quita mulangoy? Carón hapon cun bu-ut ca. ¿Bu-ut ca +ba muhulát canaco didto sa tungud sa pultahán sa longsod? Pa-abuton ta +icao didto apan nagahangyó acó canimo nga dili ca malimot. Nasayod ca +na man nga dili acó malimot (mahacalimot) sa acong mga sa-ad. ¿Nanuyó +ba canimo quining tao? Sa bu-ut co, (I think) nanuyó sia canaco, cay +dili acó magaduao cania, apan dili acó mahagugma umadto didto sa ilá, +cay sa pagadto co, labon nga daoaton acó nia sa ma-ayong dagoay, ingón +ug dautan sia ug dagoay (he looks displeased). ¿Ngano nga mamingao ca +ug dagoay? Dacó nga mga calisud ang guibati co. Dili ca masucó ca-ayo, +cay ¿oonsaon ta man? Apan, Dios co! ¿ngano naninggit ca maingón niana? + + +XX. + +¿Pilay vale ni-ining panapton? Guibaligyá co caná sa tagotló ca +cahate ang vara. Sa bu-ut co (it seems me) mahal ca-ayo. ¿Bu-ut mo ba +ipaquita canaco pipilá ca bulus ni-ining usá ca panapton? Bu-ut acó +magpaquita canimo niana. ¿Angay ba canimo quining mapola? Dili angay +canaco. ¿Ngano nga dili angay canimo? Cay mahal ca-ayo. ¿Nagato-on +ca ba ug binisayá? Oo, nagato-on acó ug binisayá. ¿Quinsa ba ang +imong magtoto-on? Ang acong magtoto-on maoy usa ca Pare nga Recoleto +¿Magatodló ba sia usáb ug Ininglés? Oo, nagatodlo sia ug Ininglés sa +mga Filipino, ug quinachilá sa iyang mga amigos sa América Bu-ut acó +macailá cania, busa, nagahangyó acó canimo nga ihatud mo acó didto +sa ila Bu-ut acó untá masayod ¿ngano cay dili acó mahibaló magsulti +ug ma-ayo ingón canimo? Ingnon ta; icao magsulti ug ma-ayo ingón +canaco, cun dili ca untá mahadlucon; apan, cun nagto-on ca untá +ug ma-ayo sa imong mga lección, dili ca untá mahadluc magsulti, +tungud cay sa pagpamolong ug ma-ayo, quinahanglan ang pagcasayod, +ug quinaiya man sa tao nga dili mahibaló ug ma-ayo sa guito-on nia, +nga mahadlucon sia untá; cun nasayod ca pa untá nga dili ca masayóp, +dili ca untá mahadlucon. + + +XXI. + +¿Onsa nga saquít ang guicamatyán sa imong igso-on? Ang hilanat maoy +guicamatyán nia. ¿Comusta ang imong igso-son? Ang acong igso-on ualá +nay quinabuhi, dugay na usá ca semana nga namatáy. Ma-ayo man sia +ca-ayo ug laoas sa tuig nga miagui sa didto pa acó sa Tagbilaran ¿Onsay +iyang guicamatyán? Ang buti (small pox) maoy namatyán nia. ¿Comusta +ang inahán sa imong amigos? Dili man ma-ayo, guihilantan sia cahapon +sa usá ca adlao (niadtong usá ca adlao) ug caniha sa buntag guibalicán +sia sa hilanat (the fever has returned). Guisaolo ba (learn by heart) +sa imong mga tinon-an ang mga tema? Onahon nila ang pag-guisi, dili +ang pagsaolo (They will rather tear them than learn by heart). ¿Ngano +nga nagahilác ang inahán sa atong sologo-on? Minhilac sia, tungud cay +ang Pare nga atong amigos, nga nagalimós cania, namatáy dugay na upát +ca adlao. ¿Onsay guicamatyán nia? Ang pagcatigulang (quinatigulang) +maoy guicamatyán nia. ¿Mutabang ca ba canaco sa pagbuhat, cun muadto +quitá sa Panglao? Tabangan ta icao sa pagbuhat, cun mutabang ca +canaco pa pagpangita sa quinabuhi. ¿Onsa ba quining mga ocbán sa +paghunahua sa imong igso-on? Ma-ayo man ca-ayo sa iyang pagsabút +(she likes them very well) apan matolotam-is (matam-istam-is, +matod nia. ¿Bu-ut ca ba maniodto dinhi? Bu-ut acó maniodto dinhi, +cun guiandam mo ug ma-ayong can-on. + + +XXII. + +¿Nacailá ca ba sa mga cabayo? Nacailá man acó. ¿Bu-ut mo ba acó +palitán ug usa? Cun bu-ut ca muhatag canaco ug salapi, palitán ta +icao ug duruhá. ¿Nacailá ba canáng tao sa mga panapton? Dili sia +macailá ca-ayo. ¿Onsa-onsaon mo ba pagpatigayon? Bu-ut acó magpaquita +canimo cun onsa-onsaon co pagpatigayon. Onsa may bubuhaton co cay aron +mahimbaloan co ang lección, nga ipangutana nia ugmá canaco? Ibutáng mo +sa limpio ang imong mga tema, buhaton mo ug totoló, ug magestudio ca sa +lección nga sumunúd (next lesson). ¿Onsa-onsaon ba sa imong igso-on +ang pagtoon ug binisayá sa ualáy diccionario? Naga ayom-ayom sia +lamang (he manages it) sa dacong cacugui. ¿Naquita mo na ba ang acong +anác? Ualá co pa sia maquita. ¿Comusta ba sia? Ma-ayo sia ca-ayo, dili +ca macailá cania, cay mintobó sia ca-ayo (he has grown very tall) sa +didiót nga tiempo (in a short time) ¿Onsa ba carón ang tiempo? Mainit +man ca-ayo. ¿Dugay na ba nga ualá mag-olán? Dili: ug sa bu-ut co +(I believe) may onús quitá carón adlaoa. Tingali cahá. Mahangin na, +nagadalogdog; ¿nadungúg mo ba? Oo, nadungúg co apan halayó pa ca-ayo +ang onús. Dili man halayó ingón sa imong paghunahuna. ¿Naquita mo ba +nga nagaquilat ¡Dios co! ¡Pagcabascug sa olán! Cun musulúd quitá sa +bisan di-in, magasalipód quitá sa onús. + + +XXIII. + +Sa didto acó sa longsod sa usá ca adlao, nadaoat co ug usá ca sulát sa +imong magtoto-on, nga igamahay ca-ayo nia canimo. Ayao paghilác adto ca +caron sa imong cuarto, magto-on ca sa imong lección, ug magma-ayo ca; +cun dili, dili ca maniodto caron nga adlaoa. Magama-ayo acó gayúd, +amahán co nga hinigugma, nga muangay ca nga to-od canaco. ¿Onsa may +atong buhaton cay aron mapaladan quitá? Higugmaon ug bubuhaton niñó +ang ma-ayong buhat, ug mapaladan camó dinhi sa yuta ug sa lain nga +quinabuhi. Cay bu-ut quitá mapaladan, bubuhatan ta sa ma-ayo ang mga +pobres ug caloyan ta ang mga tao nga nalisdan. Sugtón ta ang atong mga +magtoto-on, ug dili quitá magpacasaquit canila sa guihapon. ¿Onsa ba +ang batasan sa acong anác canimo? Ma-ayo man ang batasan nia canaco, +cay ma-ayo ang iyang batasan sa mga taong tanán, Ang iyang amahán +nag-ngón cania sa masubsub: ang batasan sa ubán dili man cun dili +usa ca aningal sa atong batasan; cun ma-ayo ang atong batasan canila, +dili atong pa-abuton ang batasan nila nga maayo canato. + + +XXIV. + +¿Comusta ca? Ma-ayo man sa pagsilvi canimo cun dunay imong +sugo. ¿Ug comusta didto sa iñó ang imong guinicanan ug ang imong +mga igso-on? Ma-ayo man silá sa dacóng calo-oy sa Dios. Sa tungud +canimo, ualáy quinahanglan sa pagpangutana, cay ma-ayo ca man ca-ayo +ug ang imong dagoay mao ang labing ma-ayo sa ngatanan. ?Bu-ut ca +ba maglingcod? Aniay usá ca siya. Dili acó bu-ut maglingao-lingao +canimo sa imong mga buhat, nasayod acó nga mahal ca-ayo ang tiempo sa +mga comerciante. Carón ualá acóy buhat; sa pag-agui co dinhi, bu-ut +lamang acó mangutana ug ma-ayo ca ba ug laoas. Dios magbayad. ¿Onsa +ba nga oras? La una y media. La una y media, matod mo, ug dinhi sa +acong orasán, las doce y media man. Tabi canimo, ualá pa magbagting +sa á la una. Nagamato-od acó canimo nga la una y media na, cay ang +acong orasán nagalacao sa ma-ayo (cay ma-ayo ang paglacao sa acong +orasán). ¿Quinsa ba ang naca-abut? Naca-abut ang acong ig-agao, +conó. ¿Di-in ba sia guican? Guican sia sa Manila. ¿Nadugay ba sia +ca-ayo didto sa dagat? Nadugay sia napoló ug limá ca adlao, cay daután +ca-ayo ang tiempo. ¿Guipalít mo ba quining calo didto sa Manila? Ualá +co palita, guiregalo canaco sa acong ig-agao nga bag-o pa miabut. + + +XXV. + +¿Ngano nga nasamocan ang imong inahán? Nasamocan sia tungud cay ualá +sia dumaoat ug sulát sa iyang anác nga tua didto sa España. Dili +sia untá masamocan tungud cania, cay bisan mangita sia guihapon +sa mga casamocan mahibaló man sia maggaoás niana. Sa tuig nga +miagui, sa pag-adto namo sa pagpamusil, guicagabhian camé halayó +ca-ayo sa amo. ¿Hain ba camó nabuntagán? Sa sinugdan nasamocan acó +ca-ayo, apan ang imong igso-on, ualá sia hino-o: nagapahinay canaco +(sa acong casamuc) busa, nauad-an acó sa casamocan. Sa catapusan, +hinquit-an namo usa ca payág ug didto camé nabuntagán. Didto naqnita +co ang cacugui sa imong igso-on. Pipila ca caoayan ug usá ca bugcus +nga sagbut guipacahigdaan nia sa ma-ayong higda-an. Usá ca boteya +guipacacandelero nia, ug sa duruhá cun totoló ba ca langgam guibuhat +nia ug usá ca panihapon nga ualáy ingón. Sa paghimatá namo sa buntág, +ingón ug napaholay ug ma-ayo camé maingón sa pagcatolog namo untá sa +labing ma-ayong higda-an sa calibutan. + + +XXVI. + +¿Ngano nga nanuyó (nasucó) ca can Juan? Cay nacaquita man sia guihapon +ug mga sayóp sa ngatanán nga naquita nia. ¿Onsay casayoran niana? Ang +casayoran niana mao nga dili acó bu-ut magsulti canimo, cay bacacon +ca man. ¿Bu-ut ca ba masayod ngano nga ualá sulata sa imong igso-on +ang iyang mga tema? Cay maculi man ca-ayo. Nagtucao sia sa tibo-oc +nga gabi-i, ug ualá sia macasulát niana, cay canáng tema dili mahimo +nia Igo naquita acó ni Pedro, nagsugud sia sa pagsulti ug binisayá sa +pag-sumaysumay, ug daghanan ang iyang pagabi-abi canaco: busa usaháy +dili acó mahibaló, cun onsa ba ang itubág co. Mao ra ang buhat sa iyang +mga igso-on; bisan pa niana, ma-ayo man silá ca-ayo nga tao; dili lang +cay sapian ug mahigugmaon silá cun dili nga malolot ug magbubuhat sila +usáb sa ma-ayo. Nahagugma silá canaco sa minato-od gayud, busa man, +nga guihigugma co silá usáb ug dili acó muingón guihapon nga macadaut +acó canila. Dacó pa ngani untá ang paghigugma co canila, cun dili untá +maga-abiabi silá ca-ayo; apan, tagsá ca tao dunay iyang mga sayóp, +ug ang aco mao ang pag-hisgut sa ilang pag-abiabi. + + +XXVII. + +Natahap na man acó, nga gui-uhao ca ug nga guigutum ang iniong igso-on, +busa man ngani, guidalá ta camó dinhi. Bisan pa niana, masaquit ang +acong bu-ut, cay dili acó muquita sa imong inahán. ¿Ngano nga dili +ca muinom ug capé? Cun dili pa acó catolgon, muinom unta acó. Ubus +ca na catolgon, ubus ca na matugnao; ubus ca na gutmon, ubus ca +na uhao-on. Usá ca tao, sa pagquita nia nga nagasalamin ang mga +tigulang sa pagbasa, naca-adto sia sa balay sa usá ca comerciante; +ug nangayo man sia ug inga antiparas. Nacuha niadtong tao ug usá ca +libro, ug sa human na nia ablihi, mi-ingon sia nga dili man ma-ayo +ang antiparas. Guitaga-an sia sa comerciante sa uban nga labing +ma-ayo nga naquita nia sa iyang tindahan, apan, cay ualá sia usáb +macabasa, nangutana cania ang comerciante "higala co, ¿nahibalo ca +ba magbasa?" Cun mahibalo acó unta magbasa, matod nia, dili co unta +quinahangla-non ang imong antiparas. + + +XXVIII. + +Sa pagpamusil niadto sa Emperador uga si Carlos V naualá sia didto +sa cacahuyan, ug sa pag-abut nia sa usá ca balay, minsulud sia didto +cay aron magpahuay. Didto niadtong balaya duna may upát ca tao nga +nagapacatológ. Ang usa nagbacod, ug sa pagdo-ol nia sa Emperador +nag-ingon cania nga nagdamgó sia nga caoaton nia unta ang iyang orasán, +ug guicaoat nia. Dihádihá (then) nagbacod ang usá ug nag-ingón cania +nga nagdamgó sia nga angay unta cania ang pagpangaoat cania sa iyang +colopo, ug guicaoat nia. Ang icatoló nangaoat sa bolsa. Sa catapusan: +nagbangon ang icapat ug nag-ingon cania: nagapa-abut acó nga dili +ca manuyó cun susihon ta icao, ug sa pagsusi nia, iyang naquita sa +li-og sa Emperador ug usá ca bulaoan nga cadena nga hinigtan sa usá +ca pito nga bu-ut nia caoaton cania, apan ang Emperador nag-ingon +cania: higala co nga ma-ayo, sa dili mo pa acó cuha-an ni-ining hias, +ipaquita co canimo ang iyang gahúm, ug sa pagpamolong nia ni-ining +mga polong, nagtaghoy sia. Ang iyang mga tao nga nangita cania, +nanigom didto dapit sa baláy ug naningala silá sa pagquita nila sa +Emperador dihá nianang pagcabutang. Apan, ang Emperador sa pagquita +nga nacagaoás na sia sa calisud mi-ingon sia: ani-a quining mga tao +nga nagdamgo sa ngatanán nga ilang bu-ut. Bu-ut acó usáb magdamgo; +ug sa human na sia naghunahuna sa macadiót, mi-ingón sia: nagdamgo +man acó, nga tacús bitayon silang tanán. Sa pagcahuman ni-ining mga +polong. dihádihá guibitay sila sa atubangan sa balay. + + + CATAPUSAN + + + + + + + +A TABLE OF THE PARTICLES AND THEIR PASSIVES. + + +Particles. Present Past. Future. Imperative. Infinitive. Present and Future. Imp. and Passives. + Past. Infinitive. + +Naga. Naga Nag Maga Mag Mag Gui Paga Pag i, on, an +Iga or ica. -- -- -- -- -- -- Iga, Ica -- -- +Nagapa. Nagapa Nagpa Magapa Magpa Magpa Guipa Ipa, Pa Pagpa i, on, an +Nagapaca. Nagapaca Nagpaca Magapaca Magpaca Magpaca Guipaca Pagpaca, Pagpaca, --, on, an + Paca Paca +Nagaca. Nagaca Nagca Magaca Magca Magca Guica Pagaca Pagca --, on, an +Nagahi. Nagahi Naghi Magahi Maghi Maghi Guihi Pagahi Hi, paghi --, on, an +Naca. Naca Naca Maca Maca Pagca Na Ma Ma --, --, an +Naca. Naca Naca Maca Maca Pagca Guica Ca Ca, pagca --, --, an +Mi. Mi Min Mu Um -- -- -- -- --, --, -- +Na. Na Na Ma Ma Ma Na Ma Ma --, --, an +Nanag. Nanag Nanag Manag Manag Manag Guipanag Panag Panag i, on, an +Nan. Nan Nan Man Man Man Guipa Pa Pa i, on, an +Naqui. Naqui Naqui Maqui Maqui Pagpaqui Guipaqui Ipaqui Ipagpaqui i, --, an +Naquig. Naquig Naquig Maquig Maquig Pagpaquig Guipaquig Paquig Ipaquig --, --, -- +Naha, Nahi. Naha, i Naha, i Maha, i Maha, i Paha, Hin Hi Paha --, --, -- + pagpaha +Napa. Napa Napa Mapa Pa Pa -- -- -- --, on, an +Nasig. Nasig Nasig Masig Masig Pasig -- -- -- --, --, -- +Nasighi. Nasighi Nasighi Masighi Masighi Pasighi -- -- -- --, --, -- +Nangi. Nangi Nangi Mangi Mangi Mangi Guipangi Guipangi Pangi i, --, -- +Nanhi. Nanhi Nanhi Manhi Manhi Panhi Guipanhi Guipanhi Panhi --, --, an +Nanig. Nanig Nanig Manig Manig Pagpanig Guipanig Guipanig Pagpanig --, --, an +Nanum. Nanum Nanum Manum Manum -- -- -- -- --, --, -- +Nani. Nani Nani Mani Mani Pagpani Guipani Guipani Pani, --, on, an + pagpani + + + + + + + +TABLE CONTAINING A SMALL DICTIONARY OF THE WORDS IN GENERAL USE FOR +THE BENEFIT OF THE LEARNERS. + + +Substantive Nouns + +Ang Dios. God. +Ang Dios nga Amahan. God the Father. +Ang Dios nga Anac. God the Son. +Ang Dios nga Espíritu Santo. God the Holy Ghost. +Ang Santos uyamut nga Trinidad. The holy Trinity. +Ang atong Guino-ong Jesucristo. Our Lord Jesus Christ +Ang Manunubus. The Redeemer. +Ang Mamamaui. The Saviour. +Ang Magbubuhat. The Creator. +Ang Macagagahúm sa ngatanan. The Almighty. +Ang mahal nga Virgen. The blessed Virgin. +Usá ca binuhat sa Dios. A creature. +Quing tibo-oc nga calibutan. The nature. +Ang calág. The soul. +Ang laoas. The body. +Ang langit. The heaven. +Ang himaya sa langit. The glory. +Ang Angel. The Angel. +Ang Santos. The Saint. +Ang Matarung. The Just. +Ang Bulahan. The Blessed. +Ang Martir. The Martyr. +Ang Manalagna. The Prophet. +Ang Apostol. The Apostle +Ang Pangolo sa banay. The Patriarch. +Ang Inpierno. The Hell. +Ang Yaoa. The Devil, Satan, Demon. +Ang hinocman sa inpierno. The damned. +Ang Pinilian. The Wicked. +Ang Purgatorio. The Purgatory. +Ang mga calág. The Souls in purgatory. +Ang Abat. The Phantom. + + + +About the Elements + +Ang calayo. The fire. +Ang hangin. The air, wind. +Ang yuta. The earth. +Ang tubig. The water. +Ang Dagat. The Sea. +Ang tubig nga ma-asgad. The brackish water. + + + +Astrological Nouns + +Ang adlao. The sun. +Ang bulan. The moon. +Ang bito-on. The star. +Ang panganod. The small cloud moving before the + wind. +Ang planeta. The planet. +Ang bito-on nga icogan. The comet. +Ang mga sidlac sa adlao. The rays of the sun. +Ang cahayag. The brightness. +Ang cadolom. The darkness. +Ang cangitngit. The utter darkness. +Ang calamdag. The clarity. +Ang cabugnao. The cold. +Ang cainit. The heat, warm. +Ang dag-om. The cloud. +Ang olan. The rainfall, shower. +Ang tolo sa olan nga mibactot. The hail, hail-stone. +Ang alingasa. Sultry weather. +Ang yamúg. The dew. +Ang yamúg nga mibactot tungud sa The hoar frost. +tugnao +Ang talisic nga mibactot tungud sa The snow. +tugnao. +Ang gabon. The fog, mist. +Ang onós. The storm. +Ang bagio. The whirlwind typhoon. +Ang dalogdog. The thunderclap. +Ang quilat. The flash. +Ang linti. The thunderbolt. +Ang linog. The earthquake. +Ang usá ca paglonop. An overflow of waters. +Paglonop sa calibutan The deluge. +Ang balangao. The rainbow. + + + +The Time + +Ang higayonan. The opportunity. +Usá ca adlao. A day. +Ang linacuan sa usá ca adlao. Journey. +Ang banagbanag. The dawn. +Ang sidlac sa adlao. The sunrise. +Ang buntag. The morning. +Ang odto. The noon. +Ang hapon. The afternoon. +Ang gabi-i. The evening, night. +Ang tungang gabi-i. Midnight. +Ang salup sa adlao. The sunset. +Adlao nga igasingba. Mass-day. +Adlao nga piesta. Holiday. +Adlao nga igabuhat. Work-day. +Adlao nga igapoasa. Fast-day. +Usá ca minuto. A minute. +Usá ca oras. An hour. +Usá ca semana. A week. +Usá ca pagpilóc, A moment. +Ang piesta sa mga Santos ngatanan. Feast of All Saints. +Ang pasco sa pagcatao. Christmas. + + + +The Family + +Ang tao. The man, person. +Ang lalaqui. The man. +Ang babaye. The woman. +Ang amahán. The father. +Ang inahán. The mother. +Ang anac nga lalaqui. The son. +Ang anac nga babaye. The daughter. +Ang igso-on nga lalaqui. The brother. +Ang igso-on nga babaye. The sister. +Ang apohan nga lalaqui. The grand father. +Ang apohan nga babaye. The grand mother. +Ang icaduha nga apo. The great-grand father. +Ang icaduha nga apong babaye. The great-grand mother. +Ang apong lalaqui. The grandson. +Ang apong babaye. The granddaughter. +Ang icaduha nga apo. The great-grandson. +Ang icaduha nga apong babaye. The great-granddaughter. +Ang ama-ama. The stepfather. +Ang ina-ina. The stepmother. +Ang oyo-an. The uncle. +Ang aya-an. The aunt. +Ang pag-umangcon. The nephew. +Ang pag-umangcon nga babaye. The niece. +Ang ig-agao nga lalaqui. The cousin (male.) +Ang ig-agao nga babaye. The cousin (female.) +Ang balo. The widow. +Ang pagcabalo. The widowhood. +Ang abian. The friend. +Ang ig-agao itagsa. First cousin. +Ang bayao. The brother-in-law. +Ang ugangan. The father-in-law. +Ang umagad, masamong. The son-in-law. +Ang binalaye. The daughter-in-law. +Ang inanac sa buñag. The godson. +Ang inahán sa buñag. The godmother. +Ang amahán sa buñag. The godfather. +Ang mga caubanan. The relations. +Ang bana. The husband. +Ang asaoa. The wife. +Usá ca batang lalaqui. A child (male). +Usá ca batang babaye. A girl. +Usá ca olitao. A bachelor, unmarried man. +Usá ca dalaga. A unmarried woman, maid. +Ang pagcabata. The childhood. +Ang pagcatigulang. The old age. +Ang pagcahimtang sa tao. The manhood. +Ang ilong tolapus. The orphan, helpless. + + + +The Body + +Ang laoas. The body. +Ang mga tolan. The limbs. +Ang lutahan. The juncture of bones. +Ang mga luhaluha. The knuckles. +Ang olo. The head. +Ang otoc. The brain. +Ang tingcoy. The cerebelum. +Ang toboan. The crown, or top of the head. +Ang tangcogo. The nape of the neck. +Ang li-og. The neck. +Ang bohoc. The hair. +Ang dungandungan. The temple (of the head.) +Ang agtang. The forehead. +Ang quilay. The eyebrow. +Ang dalonggan. The ear. +Ang matá. The eye. +Ang calimutao. The apple of the eye. +Ang tabontabon. The eye-lid. +Ang pilocpiloc. The eye-lash. +Ang ilong. The nose. +Ang bohoc sa ilong. The nostril. +Ang ilong pislat. The flat-nose. +Ang ilong matalinis. The sharp nose. +Ang naong. The face. +Ang panaoay. The features. +Ang aping. The cheek. +Ang baba. The mouth. +Ang ngabil. The lip. +Ang lag-os. The gum (of the teeth.) +Ang dila. The tongue. +Ang langagngag. The palate, taste. +Ang totonlan. The throat. +Ang ngipon. The tooth. +Ang tango. The eye-tooth. +Ang bag-ang. The mill tooth. +Ang apapangig. The jaw-bone. +Ang soláng. The chin. +Ang bungut. The beard. +Ang balahibo. The nap, wool. +Ang abaga. The shoulder. +Ang licod. The back. +Ang talodtod. The spine, back-bone. +Ang bocoboco. The scapula. +Ang cotocoto. The pit of the stomach. +Ang dughan. The breast. +Ang soso. The teat, dug. +Ang gosoc. The rib. +Ang casingcasing. The heart. +Ang atay. The liver. +Ang baga. The lungs. +Ang amimislon. The kidney. +Ang agulela. The spleen. +Ang tian. The belly. +Ang quilid. The side. +Ang posod. The navel. +Ang bologan. The groin. +Ang apdo. The gall, bile. +Ang pantup. The bladder. +Ang ihi. The urine. +Ang dugó. The blood. +Ang tae. The excrement, flux. +Ang igot-igot. The rump, croup. +Ang lubut. The anus (the orifice of the rectum.) +Ang sampot. The backside. +Ang mga ogat. The nerves, veins. +Ang mga bocóg. The bones. +Ang bocton. The arm. +Ang iloc. The arm-pit. +Ang sico. The elbow. +Ang popolan. The wrist. +Ang camót. The hand. +Ang too. The right-hand. +Ang uala. The left-hand. +Ang todlo. The finger. +Ang cubal. The corn (on the feet.) +Ang ti-il. The foot. +Ang biti-is. The calf of the leg. +Ang singcol. The ankle. +Ang ticod. The heel. +Ang pa-a. The thigh. +Ang lapalapa. The sole of the foot. +Ang tuaytuay. The knee-pan. +Ang tohod. The knee. +Ang coco. The nail. +Ang otoc. The marrow. +Ang onod. The flesh, meat. +Ang tamboc. The fat. +Ang panit. The skin, hide. +Ang bigote. The moustache. +Ang luha. The tear. +Ang sipon. The mucus. +Ang loa. The spittle. +Ang singot. The sweat. +Ang muta. The lippitude. +Ang pagsigma. The sneeze. +Ang pagsid-oc. The hiccough. +Ang paghagoc. The snoring. +Ang paglabgao. The gaping. +Ang cataoa. The laugh. +Ang tingog. The voice. +Ang polong. The word. +Ang catahúm. The beauty. +Ang cangil-ad. The ugliness. +Ang ca-ayo sa laoas. The health. +Ang catamboc. The robustness. +Ang canioang. The weakness. +Ang calugo. The wart. +Ang conót. The wrinkle. +Ang saquit sa olo. The headache. +Ang saquit sa bag-ang. The toothache. +Ang hilanat. The fever. +Ang obo. The cough. +Ang buti. The small-pox. + + + +Corporal Senses, Sensations and Qualities + +Ang pagquita. The sight. +Ang igsilinghot. The smell. +Ang igtitilao. The taste. +Ang ihilicap. The touch. +Ang igdolongog. The hearing. +Ang paghilac. The weeping. +Ang pag-agolo. The groaning. +Ang pagcataoa. The laughing. +Ang cahubac. The asthma. +Ang nuca. The itch. +Ang pono. The scab. +Ang tibdas. The measles. +Ang so-ol. The griping. +Ang hibolos. The hemorrhage. +Ang samad. The wound. +Ang huadhon. The gangrene. + + + +The Soul + +Ang calág. The soul. +Ang mga galamhan sa calág. The power of the soul. +Ang panumduman. The memory. +Ang salabutan. The understanding. +Ang cabubut-on. The will. +Ang ihibalo. The reason. +Ang icasanasana. The imagination, fancy, idea. +Ang ca-alam. The science. +Ang quina-adman. The wisdom. +Ang calimut. The forgetfullness. +Ang sayóp. The mistake, fault. +Ang gugma. The love. +Ang casilag. The hatred. +Ang pagto-o. The faith. +Ang paglaom. The hope. +Ang pagsalig. The confidence. +Ang cahadluc. The fear; dread. +Ang pagdaet. The peace. +Ang calipay. The mirth, gaiety. +Ang camingao. The sadness. +Ang cayugot. The grief, anguish. +Ang duhaduha. The doubt. +Ang catahap. The suspicion. +Ang butangbutang. The slander. +Ang hunahuna. The thought. +Ang casina. The envy. +Ang caligutgut. The anger, wrath, fury. +Ang calo-oy. The mercy, clemency. +Ang calo-od. The reluctance. + + + +Clothing and Shoes + +Ang calo. The hat. +Ang sinina. The shirt. +Ang calsones. The trousers. +Ang sapin. The shoes. +Ang corbata. The necktie. +Ang sinelas. The slippers. +Ang nauas. The petticoat. +Ang paño. The handkerchief. +Ang pinangco. The chignon. +Ang sudlay. The side comb. +Ang aretes. The ear-ring. +Ang singsing. The finger-ring. +Ang bucala. The bracelet. +Ang solod. The comb with large tooth. +Ang medias. The stockings. +Ang calcetines. The socks. + + + +Sewing Materials + +Ang dagom. The needle. +Ang dedal. The thimble. +Ang sudlan sa dagom. The needle-case. +Ang gunting. The scissors. +Ang hilo. The thread. +Usá ca lugás. A needlefull of. +Ang tagacan. The work-basquet. +Ang igagama. The silk. + + + +Foods and Drinks + +Usá ca pan. A loaf of bread. +Usá ca ad-ad. A slice of bread +Ang asucal. The sugar. +Ang asin. The salt. +Ang sicolate. The chocolate. +Ang mga utan. Vegetables. +Ang patatas. The potatoes. +Ang camates. The tomatoes. +Ang manteca. The lard. +Ang sabao. The broth. +Ang gatas. The milk. +Ang tubig. The water. +Ang vino. The wine. +Ang serbesa. The beer. +Ang queso. The cheese. +Ang itlog. The egg. +Ang seboyas. The onions. +Ang bugás. The rice. +Ang panacot. The pepper. +Usá ca tipac. A piece. +Ang hamon. The ham. +Ang pastel. The cake. +Ang ginebra. The gin. + + + +Dignities + +Ang Emperador. The Emperor. +Ang Hari. The King. +Ang Guino-o. The Lord. +Ang agalon. The Master, owner. +Ang ilis sa hari. The Vice-roy. +Sinugo sa hari. Ambassador. +Amba. Governor. +Marques. Marquis. +Administrador. Administrator. +Conde. Count, Earl. +Duque. Duke. +Ministro. Minister of state. +Tribunal nga labao. Court of justice. +Ang Oidor. Auditor. +Ang Alcalde. Mayor. + + + +Religion + +Singbahan. Church. +Capiya. Chapel. +Altar. Altar. +Sacristía. Sacristy. +Buñagan. Baptistery. +Altar mayor. High-altar. +Compisal. Confessionary. +Ualihan. Pulpit. +Lubnganan. Cemetery. +Lungon. Coffin. +Ang Sacerdote. The Priest. +Ang acólitos. The assistant, clerk. +Ang calis. The chalice. +Ang vinaheras. The cruets. +Ang manteles. Altar-cloth. +Corporal. Corporal, altarlinen on which the communion bread + and wine are put to be consecrated. +Ang insensario. The thurible. +Ang pagbuñag. Baptism. +Ang pagcompilma. Confirmation. +Ang pagcompisal. Penance. +Ang pagcalaoat. Holy Eucharisty. +Ang paghilog. Extreme-unction. +Ang pagorden. Holy Orders. +Ang pagcasal. Matrimony. + + + +Ecclesiastical Dignities + +Ang Santos nga Papa. The holy Pope. +Ang caparian. The clergy, Priesthood. +Ang Ponoan. The Prelate. +Ang Cardenal. The Cardinal. +Ang Arzobispo. The Archbishop. +Ang Obispo. The Bishop. +Ang Párroco. The Parish priest. +Ang Cristan. The Parish clerk. +Ang órgano. The organ. +Ang organista. The organist. +Ang campanas. The bells. +Ang campanario. The belfry. +Ang campanero. The bell-ringing. + + + +Set of Tools + +Ang bacbac. The hammer. +Ang palo. The small hammer. +Ang quimpit. Smith's tongs. +Ang limbas. The file. +Ang gabas. The saw. +Ang uasay. The axe. +Ang lucub. The auger. +Ang langsang. The nail. +Ang langsang nga quinauitan. The tenterhook. +Ang compas. Pair of compasses. +Ang regla. The ruler. +Ang tigib. The chisel. +Ang landasan. The anvil. +Ang bingcong. The adze. + + + +The City + +Usá ca longsod. A town. +Ang balay. The house. +Ang dalan. The street. +Ang saoang. The square. +Ang catedral. The cathedral. +Ang laoigan The harbour. +Ang mga goa sa longsod. The suburbs. +Ang tianggi. The market. +Ang palacio. The palace. +Ang bilanggoan. The prison. +Ang catindahan. The stores. +Ang mga parol. The lamp post. +Ang correo. The post-office. +Ang escuelahan. The school. +Usá ca barrio. A ward. +Ang cabecera. The capital. +Ang concejal. The alderman. +Ang abogado. The lawyer. +Ang ayutamiento. The city hall. +Ang policia. The police. +Usá ca policia. A policeman. +Ang aduana. The custom-house. +Ang tulay. The bridge. + + + +The House + +Ang balay. The house. +Ang hagdan. The stair-case. +Ang ang-ang. The stairs, steps. +Ang sulud. The room. +Ang salas. The parlor. +Sulud nga higda-an. Bed-room. +Ang salug. The floor. +Ang ventana. The window. +Ang pulta. The door. +Ang yauihanan. The lock. +Ang yaue. The key. +Ang calibangan. The water-closet. +Ang atabay. The well. +Ang cosina. The kitchen. +Ang caligoan. The bath-room. + + + +The Furniture + +Ang lamesa. The table. +Ang higda-an. The bed. +Ang banig. The mat. +Ang onlan. The pillow. +Ang habol. The sheet. +Ang lingcoranan. The chair, seat. +Ang mesedora. The rocking chair. +Ang butaca. The arm-chair. +Ang sopá. The sofa. +Ang camapé. The lounge. +Ang lamparahan. The lamp. +Ang colon. The clays pot. +Ang taclob. The lid, cover. +Ang calaha. The frying-pan. +Ang dapog. The hearth. +Ang agipo. The firebrand. +Ang agio. The embers. +Ang baga. The red-hot, coal. +Ang asó. The smoke. +Ang sugá. The light. +Ang hunaoan. The basin. +Ang pamahiran. The towel. +Ang sacapuegos. The match. +Ang dila-ab. The flame. + + + +Quadrupeds + +Ang mananap. The animal. +Ang cabayo. The horse. +Ang iró. The dog. +Ang ilagá. The rat, mouse. +Ang iring. The cat. +Ang toro. The ox, bull. +Ang vaca. The cow. +Ang nati sa vaca. The calf. +Ang baboy. The pig. +Baboy nga ihalas. Boar. +Ang osa. The deer. +Ang canding. The goat. +Ang cornejo. The rabbit. +Ang boot, basin. The squirrel. +Ang calabao. The buffalo. +Ang nati sa carnero. The lamb. +Ang panon. The flock. +Ang songay. The horn. +Ang balahibo. The wool, hair. +Ang panit. The skin, side. +Ang coco. The hoof, nail. +Ang balucag. The mane. +Ang ti-il. The foot. +Ang luconlucon. The ham, upper part of the leg. +Ang simud. The snout. +Ang icog. The tail. + + + +Fowls and Birds + +Ang langgam. The bird. +Ang sangquil. Bird of prey. +Ang banóg. The kite, falcon. +Ang manaol. The eagle. +Ang oac. The crow, raven. +Ang perico. The parrot. +Ang manoc. The hen. +Ang sonoy. The cock. +Ang pisó. The chicken. +Ang salapati. The pigeon. +Ang cuyabog. The young pigeon. +Ang tocmoc. The turtle-dove. +Ang tulihao. The witwall. +Ang itic. The duck. +Ang pungog. The owl. +Ang cabúg. A big bat. +Cabiao. Bat +Ang sayao-sayao. The swallow. +Ang pavo. The turkey. +Ang gorrion. The sparrow. +Ang canario. The canary. +Ang songo. The beak. +Ang pacó. The wing. +Ang quigol. The tail. +Ang salag. The nest. +Ang halua, tangcal. The cage. +Ang tagoc. The bird-lime. + + + +Reptiles and Insects + +Ang buhaga. The cricket. +Ang halas. The snake. +Ang saoa. The boa-serpent. +Ang tiquí. The lizard (indian). +Ang talotó. The eft. +Ang ibid. A kind of lizard. +Ang baqui. The frog. +Ang banayao. The scorpion. +Ang olahipan. The centipede. +Ang alibangbang. The butterfly. +Quinhason. Any small shellfish. +Ang tabangcay. The snail. +Ang olud. The worm. +Uati. Worm bred in the earth. +Bitoc. Worm bred in the body. +Ang laoalaoa. The cobweb-spider. +Ang hormigas. The ants. +Solong. A kind of ants. +Ang gangis. The grass hopper. +Ang dolon. The locust. +Ang lugton. The locust brood. +Ang banagan. The lobster. +Ang pulga. The flea. +Ang dughó. The bug-bed bug. +Ang coto. The louse. +Ang lusá. The nit. +Ang langao. The fly. +Ang namóc. The gnat. +Ang limatoc. The leech. +Ang lapinig. The wasp. +Ang putiocan. The bee. +Panon sa putiocan. Swarm of bees. +Ang soyod. The sting. +Ang odlan. The honeycomb. +Ang dugús. The honey. + + + +Fish and Shell-fish + +Ang isda. The fish. +Ang bongansiso. The whale. +Ang lumbalumba. The tunny. +Ang tangigi. The gilt. +Ang anduhao. The mackerel. +Ang balitobong. The salmon. +Ang tamban. The sardine. +Ang talabá. The oyster. +Ang alimango. The craw-fish. +Ang tatus. The crab. +Ang pasayan. The shrimp. +Ang tuay. The clams. +Ang guinamús. The brine-fish. +Ang bacalao. The cod-fish. +Ang tipaca. The shell. +Ang himbis. The scale. +Ang bocóg. The fish-bone. +Ang hasang. The tonsil. + + + +Flowers + +Ang bulac. The flower. +Ang rosa. The rose. +Ang puyus. The bud. +Ang violeta. The violet. +Ang clavel. The pink. +Ang dahon. The leaf. +Ang salingsing. The stem. + + + +Fruits and Vegetables + +Ang limon. The lemon. +Ang ocban. The orange. +Ang siriguelas. The plum. +Ang tibod, milon. The melon. +Ang atimon. The water-melon. +Ang saging. The banana. +Ang rábano. The radish. +Ang ongcug. The cucumber. +Ang apio. The celery. +Ang libgos. The mushroom. +Ang tamboali. The squash. +Ang tabios, mongos. A kind of lentils. +Ang cubasa. The pumpkin. +Ang parras. The grapes. +Ang palia. A bitter vegetable very stomachic. +Ang manga. The manga-fruit. +Ang coles. The cabbage. +Ang higos. The figs. + + + +Land and Agriculture + +Ang banua, oma. The land, field. +Ang hacienda. The farm. +Ang buquid. The mountain. +Ang capatagan. The plain. +Ang bunayan. The meadow. +Ang ualóg. The valley. +Ang lanao. The swamp. +Ang baquilid. The hill. +Ang calapocan. The quagmire. +Ang subá. The river. +Ang sapá. The brook. +Ang bató. The stone. +Ang balás. The sand. +Ang langob. The cave. +Ang lapoc. The clay, mud. +Ang lasang. The forest. +Ang cahoy. The tree. +Ang sangá. The branch. +Ang bonga. The fruit. +Ang dugá. The sap. +Ang binhi. The seed. +Ang tanóm. The plant. +Ang tanaman. The garden. +Ang daro. The plow. +Ang galab. The sickle. +Ang pala. The shovel. +Ang sarol. The hoe. +Ang ohay. The ear of corn. +Ang dagami. The straw. +Ang lugás. The grain. +Ang inani. The harvest. + + + +Sea + +Ang dagat. The sea. +Ang laod. The gulf. +Ang sulangan. The strait. +Ang looc. The creek. +Ang daplin. The shore. +Ang honas. The ebb-tide. +Ang taob. The flood-tide. +Ang balod. The swell of the sea. +Ang onos. The storm. +Ang bagio. The typhoon. +Ang sacayan. The vessel. +Baranggayan. A long-boat with oars. +Bilos. A kind of canoa. +Pangco. A kind of canoa. +Salisipan. A kind of canoa. +Baroto. Canoa. +Ang dolong. The prow of a ship, bow. +Oling. Poop, stern. +Ang quilid. The side of a ship. +Ang onayan. The keel of a ship. +Ang layag. The sail. +Ang bansalan, timon. The helm, rudder. +Ang sinipit. The anchor. +Ang gayon, gaod, bugsay. The oar. + + + +Virtues and Vices + +Catarungan. Virtue. +Cadaot. Vice. +Pagto-o. Faith. +Paglaom. Hope. +Paghigugma. Charity. +Ca-ayo. Charity. +Ca-ulay. Purity, chastity. +Ca-ligdon. Modesty. +Ca-ugdan. Gravity. +Ca-ulao. Shame. +Ca-lolot. Generosity. +Ca-mato-od. Truth. +Pagilob. Patience. +Caputli. Honesty. +Cabu-ang. Madness. +Calalang. Artifice, craft. +Casina. Envy. +Limbong. Fraud, cheat. +Ticas. Trick. +Caulag. Lewdness. +Cahacug. Covetousness. +Pagsapao. Adultery. +Bacac. Lie. +Causic. Prodigality. +Cataspoc. Laziness. +Paghimu-ut. Pleasure. +Catacá. Slowness. +Pagcaualay pagtamud. Ingratitude, unthankfulness. +Pagpalabilabi. Pride. +Catalao. Cowardice. +Ang ualay pagto-o. Incredulity. +Ang pagbia sa paglaom. Despair, anger. +Cahacug sa pagcaon. Gluttony. +Cahubog. Intoxication. +Pagtamay sa Dios. Impiety. +Paghinangop sa Dios. Piety, mercy, pity. +Pagpatay sa tao. Homicide, crime. +Pagpatay sa caogalingon nga laoas. Suicide, crime. +Pagpangaoat. Robbery. +Cagobót. Revolution. +Casaba. Tumult. +Pagbudhi. Treachery. +Paglibac. Backbiting. +Usá ca bañaga. A rascal. +Tampalasan. Malicious. +Usá ca matistis. A mercy, gay man. +Usá ca palautang. A deceitful man. +Usá ca bacacon. A lier. +Usá ca sugarol. A player. +Usá ca daguinotan. Avaricious. +Usá ca malolot. A open-handed. +Usá ca andacon. A boaster. + + + +The Most Important Adjectives + +Ma-ayo. Good. +Dautan. Bad. +Talamayon. Contemptible. +Maquina-admanon. Wise, learned. +Ualay quina-adman. Ignorant, stupid. +Dagcó. Big, great. +Diutay. Small, little. +Mabaga. Corpulent, bulky. +Matamboc. Big, fat, thick. +Supang. Bulky person. +Manioang. Thin, lean. +Manipis. Fine, thin, light. +Masingpot. Very dense, thick applied to woven goods. +Hata-as. Tall, lofty, high. +Hamobó. Low, small. +Halagpad. Wide. +Masigpit. Narrow. +Hago-ot. Tight. +Matul-id. Right. +Matarung. Just. +Baliquig. Twisted. +Balicó. Unjust. +Bag-o. New. +Da-an. Old, ancient. +Magahi. Hart, solid. +Mahumuc. Soft. +Malomo. Gentle. +Maga-an. Light. +Pono. Full. +Ualay solud. Empty. +Gucab. Hollow. +Maculi. Difficult. +Masayon. Easy. +Matam-is. Sweet. +Mapait. Bitter. +Maasgad. Saltish. +Maaslom. Sour, sharp. +Mahaoan. Clear, clean. +Mahugao. Dirty. +Mainit. Warm, hot. +Mabugnao. Cold. +Matugnao. Freshness, cold. +Mamala. Dry. +Mabasa. Wet. +Maomal. Damp, humid. +Malig-on. Strong (house). +Maisug. Strong (man). +Maluya. Weak. +Matahúm. Beautiful. +Maanindut. Pretty. +Mangil-ad. Ugly. +Butá. Blind. +Butá sa picas. One-eyed. +Libat. Squinting-squint. +Pi-ang. Lame, handless. +Buctot. Humpbacked. +Opao. Bald. +Mama. Dumb, mute. +Gacod. Stutterer. +Bungol. Deaf. +Lulid. Crippled. +Nuca. Itchy. +Pon-on. Scabby. +Butí. Virulent. +Hangol. Poor. +Maligsi. Nimble, light. +Dupalog. Rough, dull. +Bulahan. Happy. +Palad-an. Lucky. +Ualay palad. Unfortunate. +Mato-od. Certain. +Dili mato-od. False. +Masulub-on. Melancholy. +Mamingao-on. Sad, gloomy. +Maibugon. Capricious. +Masuco. Angry, fretful. +Mabusug. Glutted. +Mahupong. Satisfied. +Bu-ang. Fool, mad. +Bu-ut. Prudent. +Masinabuton. Intelligent, clever. +Ualay panagana. Imprudent. +Palabilabihon. Haughty. +Ualay salá. Innocent. +Sala-an. Guilty. +Tigbacac. Lying. +Malimbongon. Cheat. +Maulay. Chaste. +Maolag. Lewd. +Mau-ulao-on. Shameful. +Maligdon. Serious. +Lampingasan. Impudent, barefaced. +Mangahason. Audacious. +Tamastamason. Insolent. +Maquigaoayon. Quarrelsome. +Tapolan. Lazy. +Malomo ug cagauian. Sympathetic. +Matinahoron. Courteous. +Mahinoclogon. Merciful. +Burung. Clumsy. +Mabangis. Cruel. +Tigpamalus. Revengeful. +Masuquihon. Disobedient. +Magahi ug bu-ut. Stubborn. +Malolot. Generous. +Mausicon. Spendthrift. +Hingaon. Great eater. +Ualay buhat. Idle, lazy. +Abian. Friend. +Ca-aoay. Foe, enemy. +Matistis. Merry fellow. +Maputi. White. +Maitom. Black. +Mapola. Red. +Madalag. Yellow. +Asul. Blue. +Maitomitom. Brown. +Morado. Violet. +Velde. Green. + + + +The Most Important Verbs + +Study. + +Pagestudio. To study. +Pagto-on. To learn. +Pagto-on sa olo, pagsaolo. To learn by heart. +Pagsingcamut sa pagto-on. To apply one's self to study. +Pagcugui sa pagto-on. To be diligent to learn. +Pagtodlo. To teach. +Pagsaysay. To explain. +Paggama sa hunahuna. To invent, to discover. +Pagtocod. To compose. +Pagbasa. To read. +Pagsulat. To write. +Pagfirma. To sign. +Pagsaoay. To correct. +Pagsayop. To mistake. +Pagpanás. To blot. +Paghoad. To copy. +Paghubad. To translate. +Pagsugud. To begin. +Pagdayon. To continue. +Pagtapus. To finish. +Paghingpit. To perfect. +Paghibalo. To have notice of. +Pagalam. To know. +Pagdumdum. To remember. +Pagcalimút. To forget. +Pagsanasana. To form an idea. +Pagbadlong. To blame. + + + +Conversation + +Pagloas. To pronounce. +Pagpamolong. To speak. +Pagingon. To say, tell. +Paguali. To preach. +Pagsinggit. To cry out. +Pagtiabao. To scream, cry. +Pagsugil. To refer, report. +Pagsugilon. To tell, relate. +Pagbantug. To proclaim. +Pagsangyao. To make know. +Paghilom. To be silent. +Pagtaoag. To call. +Pagpangutana. To ask, question +Pagtubag. To answer. +Pagbalibad. To excuse. +Pagsultisulti. To talk. +Pagpahibalo. To advise. +Pagpanagana. To foreknow. +Pagsogo. To order. +Pagsugut. To obey. +Pagtug-an. To declare. +Pagpamato-od To certify. +Paglimod. To deny. +Pagpacadautan. To reject. +Pagpacama-ayo. To approve. +Pagpalaban. To defend. +Pagcasaba. To reprehend. +Pagsaoay. To upbraid. +Pagindigindig. To dispute. +Pagaoay. To wrangle. + + + +To Eat and Drink + +Paggutum. To be hungry. +Pagpangaon. To eat. +Paginom. To drink. +Paguhao. To be thirsty. +Pagusap. To chew. +Pagtolon. To swallow. +Pagsoyop. To sip. +Paghigop. To suck, sip. +Pagtilao. To taste. +Pagpicas. To divide, cut. +Pagad-ad. To carve, cut. +Pagpoasa. To fast. +Pagpamahao. To breakfast. +Pagpaniodto. To dinner. +Pagpanihapon. To sup. +Pagdapit. To invite. +Pagcahubóg. To intoxicate. +Dili paghilis sa quinaon. Indigestion. +Pagpulus sa quinaon. To nourish. +Pagtilap. To lick, lap. + + + +Life + +Pagcatao. To be born. +Paghimogso. To bring forth. +Pagbuñag. To baptise. +Pagcabuhi. To live. +Pagcatobo. To grow. +Pagtamboc. To fatten. +Pagnioang. To weaken. +Pagmiño. To marry, wed. +Pagmabdos. To be pregnant. +Paganac. To bring forth. +Pagpasoso. To give suck. +Pagbalo. To become widow. +Pagtigulang. To make old. +Pagcamatay. To die. +Pagluboug. To bury. +Pagsonod sa cabilin. To inherit. +Pagcabanhao. To revive. + + + +Toilet + +Pagalut. To shave. +Pagvisti. To dress. +Paghubo. To take off the dress. +Pagligo. To bathe. +Paghilamus. To wash one's self the face. +Paghunao. To wash one's self the face. + + + +Bed + +Paghigda. To go to bed. +Pagcatalog. To sleep. +Paghimatá. To wake. +Pagpucao. To awake. +Pagtabiog. To stir, rock. +Pagtucao. To watch, to keep awake. +Paghagoc. To snore. +Pagbangon, bacod. To arise, to get up from a bed. + + + +Natural Actions + +Pagcataoa. To laugh. +Pagngisi-ngisi. To smile. +Paghilac. To weep. +Pagpanghayhay. To sigh. +Pagpanghupao. To sigh, long for. +Pagbahaon. To sneeze. +Paglabgab. To gape, yawn. +Paghoyop. To blow, puff. +Pagtaghoy. To hiss, whistle. +Pagpamati. To listen, hearken. +Pagpatalinghog. To be attentive. +Paglua, luda. To spit, salivate. +Pagsignga. To blow one's nose. +Paglua sa dugó. To vomit blood. +Pagsingot. To sweat, perspire. +Pagtoroc sa bonga sa singot. To be fleabitten, to be with rash, to be + full of fleabites. +Pagquita. To see. +Pagtan-ao. To behold, look. +Pagdongog. To hear. +Pagsinghot. To smell. +Pagcahumút. To smell well. +Pagcabahó. To smell nasty. +Paglami. To give a relish, a zest. +Paghicap. To touch. +Paghubag. To swell, inflate. +Pagcaodas. To scratch, touch (bad sense). +Pagihi. To make water. +Pagotot. To break wind. +Pagcalibang. To go to stool. + + + +Love and Hatred + +Paghigugma. To love. +Pagbu-ut. To wish, will. +Paghimmu-ut. To be pleased with. +Pagolo-olo. To flatter. +Pagabi-abi. To court, greet, salute. +Pagibid-ibid. To fondle. +Pagamoma. To breat, kindly. +Pagdayeg. To praise. +Paggacus. To embrace. +Paghaluc. To kiss. +Pagbadlong. To advise. +Pagsaoay. To blame. +Pagcastigo. To chastise. +Pagsilot. To mulct. +Paghampac. To whip. +Pagtamay. To despise. +Pagyubit. To scoff. +Pagmahay. To complain. +Paghomot. To threaten. +Pagbalus. To revenge. +Pagpasaylo. To pardon. +Pagbalus ug ma-ayo. To reward. +Pagbayad. To pay. +Pagdomot. To bear rancour to. +Pagcasilag. To hate. +Pagbia. To abandon. +Pagcaulao. To be shamed. +Pagpangahas. To dare to. +Pagsamoc. To trouble. +Pagsumbong. To accuse. +Pagbalidad. To excuse. +Pagpasangil. To reproach. +Pagsogot. To obey. +Paghocom. To sentence. +Pagdaut-daut. To damage. +Pagpaquigaoay. To wrangle. +Pagdaug To conquer, again. +Pagpadaug. To be won. +Pagpanulay. To tempt. +Pagagao. To despoil. +Pagcaoat. To rob, spoil. +Pagpatay. To kill. +Pagbonó. To wound, betray. +Pagsamad. To wound, hurt. +Pagbonal. To beat with a stick. +Pagdayeg. To brag. +Pagtonglo. To curse, slander. +Pagtabang. To help. +Pagtubus. To redeem. +Pagbaui. To ransom. +Pagbilanggo. To capture. +Pagbitay. To hang. +Pagigpit. To compress the neck in the instrument called a + garrote. + + + +Memory and Understanding + +Pagcabut sa hunahuna. To conceive. +Paghunahuna. To think. +Pagpalandong. To meditate. +Pagila. To know. +Paghibalo. To have knowledge of. +Pagalam. To be learned. +Pagbu-ut. To wish, desire. +Pagoyon. To agree, submit. +Pagbutá. To grow blind. +Pagcabildo. To confederate. +Pagtimbang sa bu-ut. To exaggerate. +Pagpaquigsabút. To deliberate. +Pagtag-an. To hit upon. +Pagmatngon. To attend. +Pagsingcot. To search. +Pagtingoha. To procure, try. +Pagasoy. To explain. +Pagsayod. To instruct. +Pagpanghinaot. To desire. +Pagpa-abut. To wait. +Pagcahadluc. To fear. +Pagcalisang. To be frightened. +Pagcaculba. To be frightened. +Pagbacac. To tell lies. +Paghanip sa hunahuna. To dissemble, hide, cloak. +Pagpaningon. To imitate, copy. +Pagsusi. To inquire. +Paglipay. To be gladded. +Paghimu-ut. To be pleased. +Pagcasobó. To be saddened. +Pagcamingaa. To be afflicted. +Pagcayugot. To be afflicted. +Pagpo-ol. To be weary. +Pagsuco. To become angry. +Pagcaligutgut. To grow angry. +Pagpungot. To be in a rage. +Pagpoypoy. To become quiet. +Paglucmay. To soften anger. + + + +Recreations + +Pagduladula. To amuse. +Paglingaolingao. To amuse one's self. +Pagcanta. To sing. +Pagsayao. To dance. +Pagdula. To play. +Pagpacadaog. To gain, win. +Pagdaog. To lose. +Paglocso. To leap, jump. +Pagambac. To jump down. +Pagdalagan. To run. +Pagsacay sa cabayo. To ride. +Pagdalagan sa cabayo. To trot, to make a horse trot. + + + +Illness + +Pagalima sa masaquit. To take care of a sick. +Pagtambal. To medicine. +Pagayo-ayo. To grow better. +Pagbughat. To fall back. +Pagsamut. To grow worse. +Pagpurga. To purify, purge. +Pagpageringa. To syringe. +Paghonad sa samad. To wash a wound. +Pagtampoy sa dugó. To stop blood. +Pagtugna sa samad. To see the fathom of the wound. +Paghigda sa banig. To be confined to one's bed on account of + sickness. +Pagyamyam. To talk nonsense. +Pagtingá. To breathe one's last, expire. + + + +Movements + +Paglihoc To move one's self. +Pagtandug. To move. +Pagadto. To go. +Paganhi. To come. +Paglacao. To walk. +Pagbalic. To return (here). +Pagpauli. To return (there). +Pagsibut. To go backward. +Pagpado-ol. To approach. +Pagtindug. To raise. +Paglibodlibod. To loiter about. +Pagpanamilit. To bid one fare well. +Paglicay. To fly, escape. +Pagsonod. To proceed, follow. +Paglusot. To slide, ship. +Pagdacup. To seize. +Pagsandig. To lean upon. +Pagholog. To fall. +Pagpangdol. To stumble. +Pagtonob. To tread. +Pagirug. To retire. +Pagpahalayo. To deviate. +Pagsulud. To enter, come in. +Paggoa. To go out. +Pagsaca. To ascend. +Pagcanaog. To descend. +Pagagi. To go though, pass for. +Paglabay. To pass by. + + + +Handiworks + +Pagbuhat. To make, work. +Pagandam. To make ready. +Pagsira. To shut, close. +Pagpiyong. To shut the eyes. +Pagtac-om. To shut the mouth. +Pagcomcom. To shut the hand. +Pagpicot. To shut the legs. +Pagbucá. To open the eyes. +Pagnganga. To open the mouth. +Pagbuclad. To open one's hand. +Pagbila. To open the legs. +Pagpaita-as. To raise, elevate. +Pagsacoat. To heave, hold up. +Pagyabó. To pour. +Pagaoas. To overflow. +Paghunob. To ooze. +Pagbasa. To wet. +Paghumod. To wetted. +Pagumol. To dampen. +Paghumoc. To soften. +Paggahi. To harden. +Pagosoag. To extend, expand. +Paglagpad. To wide. +Pagcomsod. To diminish. +Pagdaro. To plough. +Pagcalot sa yuta. To dig. +Pagpugas. To sow. +Pagtanom. To plant. +Paggalab. To reap. +Pagbunglay. To weed. +Pagtimbang. To weigh. +Pagtagcus. To tie. +Pagbadbad. To untie. +Pagbalictos. To knot. +Pagondoc. To heap. +Pagani. To gather the corn at harvest time. +Pagtabon. To cover. +Pagbucas. To uncover. +Pagtago. To hide. +Pagpacaquita. To find. +Paghugao. To stain. +Pagbuling. To soil. +Pagpahid. To cleanse. +Paghinlo. To embellish. +Pagsilhig. To sweep. +Pagputi. To white wash. +Paglog-o. To rinse the glasses. +Pagpamala. To air, refresh. +Pagpaoga. To dry, parch. +Paghugas. To rub, scour. +Paglampaso. To swab. +Paginit. To heat. +Pagbugnao. To cool. +Pagpintal. To paint. +Pagliloc. To engrave. +Pagbadlis. To draw, sketch. +Pagpatic. To mark, note. +Pagtocod. To build. +Pagguba. To destroy, waste. +Pagbolda. To embroider. +Pagpo-oc sa bulaoan. To gild. +Pagpo-oc sa salapi. To plate with silver. +Paghalup. To set (a jewel). +Pagbuho. To pierce. +Paglangsang. To nail. +Pagtahi. To sew. +Pagbilic. To spin. +Pagtapac. To patch, mend. +Pagpiló. To fold. +Paglit-ag. To catch birds with knots. +Pagpuyo sa ualay buhat. To be idle. + + + +To Buy and Sell + +Pagpaquicomercio. To apply one's self to trade. +Pagpalit. To buy. +Pagbaligya. To sell. +Pagpaquigsabut sa bili. To adjust the price, to agree. +Pagbili. To value. +Pagbutang sa bili. To tax, rate at. +Pagbali. To be valuable. +Paghangyo. To haggle. +Paghalin. To dispatch. +Paghulam. To lend. +Pagpahulam. To borrow. +Pagpautang. To owe. +Pagbayad. To pay. +Pagdaginot. To economize. +Pagpoto. To ruin. +Pagusic. To squander. + + + +About the Worship to God + +Pagsingba. To adore. +Paghapá. To prostrate one's self. +Pagtambong sa misa. To hear mass. +Pagpalangdong. To meditate. +Pagpangamoyo. To supplicate, beg. +Pagpangadye. To pray. +Pagsantos sa piesta. To keep the holy day. +Paglohod. To kneel down. +Pagcompisal. To confess. +Pagcalaoat. To communicate. +Pagbalic sa Dios. To return to God. +Paghinulsul. To repent. +Pagpacasala. To sin. +Pagcasayop. To fault. +Pagholog sa inpierno. To be condemned. +Pagdangat sa langit. To be salved. +Pagbia sa pagcacristianos. To apostatize. +Pagamong-among sa mga butang nga cristianos. To profane, violate. +Pagpanumpa. To swear, to make oath. +Pagpatampalas sa Dios. To blaspheme. + + + +About the Time + +Pagdag-om. To be cloudy. +Pagadlao. To be clear. +Paghulao. To be dried. +Pagolan. To rain. +Pagalindahao. To drizzle. +Pagolan sa olan nga natibo-oc. To snow. +Pagolan sa mga tolo nga mibactot. To hail. +Pagquilat. To lighten. +Pagdalogdog. To thunder. +Paglinti. To thunder strike. + + + + + + + +INDEX. + + + Bisaya Alphabet + First Lesson--Of the article + Second Lesson--Of the Noun + Third Lessen--Of the Cardinal Numbers + Ordinal Numbers + Partitive and distributive Numbers and Vicenal numbers + Fourth Lesson--Of the Pronouns + Demonstrative Pronouns + Possessive Pronouns + Relative Pronouns + Fifth Lesson--Of the Adjective + Sixth Lesson--Diminutive Adjectives + Degrees of Comparison + Seventh Lesson--Unitive Particles + Eighth Lesson--The Verb + Ninth Lesson--Of the verb To be + The verb To have + Tenth Lesson--The adjective Verbs + Eleventh Lesson--Of the Passives + Twelfth Lesson--Some rules upon the Passives + Thirteenth Lesson--Of the Particles + Fourteenth Lesson--Of the Imperative and Impersonal + Present Participles or Gerunds + Fifteenth Lesson--Infinitive Sentences + Sixteenth Lesson--Of the particles Pa and Iga + Seventeenth Lesson--Of the Particle Nagapa + Eighteenth Lesson--Of the Particle Nagapaca + Nineteenth Lesson--Of the Particle Naca + Twentieth Lesson--Of the particle Naca causal + Twenty first Lesson--Of the Particles Mi and Na + Twenty second Lesson--Of the particles Nanag and Nan + Twenty third Lesson--Of the particles Naquig--Naqui + Twenty fourth Lesson--Of the particles Naha, Nahi, Napa, Nasig, + Nasighi, Nangi, Nanhi, Nanig, Nanum, Nani + Twenty fifth Lesson--Impersonal Verbs + Twenty sixth Lesson--Defective Verbs + Twenty seventh Lesson--Practical Sentences + Twenty eighth Lesson--Practical Sentences + Key to the Exercises + Table of the Particles and their Passives + + + + + + + +ERRATA + + +Pag. Column. Line. Says. Must be said. + 5 10 Enhlish English. + 8 22 Elderst. Elder. + 13 1 22 Nive. Nine. + 14 1 20 Conmandmen. Commandment. + 14 4 Younh. Young. + 17 1 25 Nex. Next. + 21 2 20 Guino-o pasayloa Guino-o pasaylo-a camé + came. nga mga macasasala. + 22 6 Expresed. Expressed. + 32 33 Pasivo. Passive. + 37 18 Tings. Things. + 41 4 Kill. Kills. + 55 25 Awails. Avails. + 55 1 9 Oar Lord spended. Our Lord spent. + 58 1 29 Scolar. Scholar. + 64 1 7 I orderer. I ordered. + 69 28 the Bisay adialect. the Bisaya dialect. + 88 1 36 peaple. people. + 100 8 sa mga higala ug ang sa mga higala mo ug + aco. ang aco. + 118 1 A Tabla. A Table. + 140 2 27 Paciencie. Patience. + 141 2 25 Molicious. Malicious. + 142 2 35 Clear.(2. o) Clean. + 150 1 7 Pagdayeg. Pagparayeg. + 2 23 Hav knoledge of. Have knowledge of. + 151 1 10 Camingaa. Camingao. + + + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of English-Bisaya Grammar, by Various + +*** END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK 42026 *** |