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diff --git a/41934-h/41934-h.htm b/41934-h/41934-h.htm index 4c1d57f..b8ae8b7 100644 --- a/41934-h/41934-h.htm +++ b/41934-h/41934-h.htm @@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd"> <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en" lang="en"> <head> - <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html;charset=iso-8859-1" /> + <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html;charset=UTF-8" /> <meta http-equiv="Content-Style-Type" content="text/css" /> <title> The Project Gutenberg eBook of Idling in Italy, by Joseph Collins. @@ -131,45 +131,7 @@ table { </style> </head> <body> - - -<pre> - -The Project Gutenberg EBook of Idling in Italy, by Joseph Collins - -This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with -almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or -re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included -with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org/license - - -Title: Idling in Italy - studies of literature and of life - -Author: Joseph Collins - -Release Date: January 28, 2013 [EBook #41934] - -Language: English - -Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1 - -*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK IDLING IN ITALY *** - - - - -Produced by Anna Hall and the Online Distributed -Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This file was -produced from images generously made available by The -Internet Archive/American Libraries.) - - - - - - -</pre> +<div>*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK 41934 ***</div> <hr class="chap" /> @@ -435,9 +397,9 @@ pleasure, and happiness. They exalted the comedy and suppressed the tragedy of daily life.</p> <p>It has often been said that Italian romantic literature -had its origin in the Società del Caffè founded +had its origin in the Società del Caffè founded in Milan in 1746. But like many other dogmatic statements, -it should not be accepted literally. "Il Caffè," +it should not be accepted literally. "Il Caffè," published by the Accademia dei Pugni, was not romantic. Its iconoclastic attitude alone toward literary tradition may entitle it to a certain influence @@ -618,7 +580,7 @@ social life of the risorgimento period fails to read.</p> <p>A literary production of this period which must be mentioned, not because of its merits but because -it is a sign of the times, was that of Cesare Cantù +it is a sign of the times, was that of Cesare Cantù (1804-1895), a universal history in thirty-five volumes, which went through forty editions. It displays lucidity of statement, sequential narrative, and finished literary @@ -655,7 +617,7 @@ tense to facilitate imaginative literature, and mere record of events was more startling and absorbing than fiction.</p> -<p>It was not until Giosuè Carducci (1836-1907) entered +<p>It was not until Giosuè Carducci (1836-1907) entered the arena and dealt romanticism a blow, and at the same time restored classicism, that Leopardi had a worthy successor.</p> @@ -728,7 +690,7 @@ give way to rough, sonorous lines in which rhythm took the place of rhyme and straight-from-the-shoulder blows took the place of feints and passes.</p> -<p>Carducci met his critics with the "Ça ira." It is +<p>Carducci met his critics with the "Ça ira." It is the apology of the French Revolution and especially of the <i>Convention</i>. The title of the sonnets comes from the famous revolutionary song of the reign of @@ -953,7 +915,7 @@ duty to his mother and obligations to his country, his desire not to offend convention or outrage morality, his love for his cousin Eleana, tame for him but consuming to her, unhappily married to a Sicilian -roué brute and baron, are narrated in a way that +roué brute and baron, are narrated in a way that seduces even the casual reader. Indeed it is wonderfully done, and attention is sustained to the end, virtue being finally rewarded.</p> @@ -1010,7 +972,7 @@ schoolgirl can quote the last two lines of the latter:</p> <div class="poem"><div class="stanza"> <span class="i0">"Ed io che intesi quel che non dicevi<br /></span> -<span class="i0">M'innamorai di te perchè tacevi."<br /></span> +<span class="i0">M'innamorai di te perchè tacevi."<br /></span> </div></div> <p>Other poems such as "Congedo" ("Leave-taking") @@ -1031,7 +993,7 @@ of realism.</p> <p>Giuseppe Lipparini, an eminently fair critic, gives him a higher rating as a writer of prose than of poetry. These include "Vita di Giulio Cesare Croce" ("Life -of Julius Cæsar Croce"), a monograph on Francesco +of Julius Cæsar Croce"), a monograph on Francesco Patuzio, and "Bibliografia per ridere" ("The Laugher's Library").</p> @@ -1060,7 +1022,7 @@ homely, every-day subjects which appealed very much to the public. He first became known as a writer of seductive romances, then as an accomplished musician, afterward as a lyric poet, then as a critic of -literature, æsthetics, and philosophy. He taught the +literature, æsthetics, and philosophy. He taught the philosophy and history of art; he was the secretary of the Academy of Belle Arti at Bologna, for many years a deputy in Parliament, and at one time undersecretary @@ -1069,7 +1031,7 @@ as a poet depends largely upon "Cor Sincerum," published in 1902. In his versatility he reminds of Remy de Gourmont, although his literary productions were incomparably less numerous, but in temper of mind, -literary equipment, æsthetic appetite, and general virtuosity +literary equipment, æsthetic appetite, and general virtuosity they are brothers.</p> <p>The other is Ferdinando Martini, a governor of one @@ -1087,10 +1049,10 @@ example of the cultured man in public life in Italy. His prose integrates the aroma of the classics, while at the same time his sympathies and interests bring his subjects up to the minute. His writings have a pragmatic -as well as an æsthetic quality. None of them +as well as an æsthetic quality. None of them has the air of preachings. He knows how to be profound without being heavy and learned without being -pedantic. For him literature has not been an æsthetic +pedantic. For him literature has not been an æsthetic exercise or a statement of human rights and human needs. Prospective admirers should not study too closely his political career.</p> @@ -1237,7 +1199,7 @@ matters. He was accused of being a plagiarist. His greatest work "Lotta Politica" was characterized by a critic, L. Ambrosina, to be wholly devoid of originality. His "Momo" was called an imitation of -Turgénieff's "A Neighbor's Bread." His "L'Invincibile" +Turgénieff's "A Neighbor's Bread." His "L'Invincibile" was derived from "Andrea Cornelis" of Paul Bourget, and the "Ultimi Barbari" ("The Last Barbarians") from Verga's "Pagliacci" and the "Cavalleria @@ -1364,7 +1326,7 @@ race, but they were shouting in the most vociferous way for the latter especially to win. When Giacosa became fully cognizant of the favorite colors he was quick to make his entry with "As the Leaves" and -"Il Più Forte" ("The Stronger").</p> +"Il Più Forte" ("The Stronger").</p> <p>The play to which he owed his first success, "A Game of Chess," had a remarkable career in Italy, @@ -1534,7 +1496,7 @@ shooting star; nothing was known of her origin save that she was said to have been born in London, and there was some mystery about her career. In her poetry there was a true lyric wail, especially in "Destino" -("Destiny"), "Non Sarà mai" ("It Can Never +("Destiny"), "Non Sarà mai" ("It Can Never Be"), that appealed tremendously to the public mind. Had she been productive she might have been compared to Ella Wheeler Wilcox. After her marriage @@ -1556,7 +1518,7 @@ in the spring of 1910, after a surgical operation, and a few hours later her husband, Guido Pompili, killed himself. Her best-known poems are "Il Canto dell' Ironia" ("The Song of Irony"), "La vecchia Anima -sogna ... " ("The Old Soul Dreams"), "Mamà, sei +sogna ... " ("The Old Soul Dreams"), "Mamà , sei tu?" ("Mother, Is It Thou?"). A complete volume of her poetry was published in 1912.</p> @@ -1608,7 +1570,7 @@ it adequately in translation. Her later books were always pictures of the professional lover in different environments. He loves with fury and usually for a short time only. His amatory conduct has no -ancillæ of Anglo-Saxon love-making. It is taurine +ancillæ of Anglo-Saxon love-making. It is taurine and satyric. He does not always kill after the embrace, but one gathers from his conduct that he would like to do so. Time has tempered Matilde @@ -1978,7 +1940,7 @@ later he published a second edition "corrected with pen and fire and augmented." From the beginning it was pointed out by critic and commentator that he plagiarized line and verse from poets of Italy, such as -Giambattista Marino, Niccolo Tommaseo, and Giosuè +Giambattista Marino, Niccolo Tommaseo, and Giosuè Carducci, and of other countries; but if the accusations made any impression upon him it was not evident in his future conduct, for later he took from Verga and @@ -2079,7 +2041,7 @@ ambition, union with it the object of all strife.</p> adequately praised; there are features that cannot be sufficiently condemned. A poem that contains no particular thought may excite our profoundest admiration, -just as does a <i>papier-mâché</i> triumphal arch +just as does a <i>papier-mâché</i> triumphal arch or monument; but a romance or novel depicts some phase or aspect of life, reveals man's aspirations or accomplishments, his behaviors and reactions under @@ -2093,7 +2055,7 @@ accepted and acceptable convention. The most successful horticulturist in the world would find no market for his roses, even though they were more exquisite than those of all other florists, should he impregnate -them with a scent obtained from the Mustelidæ. This +them with a scent obtained from the Mustelidæ. This is what D'Annunzio did.</p> <p>It would be very difficult to find a religion, a form of @@ -2220,7 +2182,7 @@ and hearing, is in itself a perversion. He stimulates them until they shriek for mercy or for immersion in some benumbing balm. The true pervert is he who puts out of proportion and out of perspective the -sources of æsthetic emanation, and who concentrates +sources of æsthetic emanation, and who concentrates them upon the percipient apparatus of one or other of the senses so that it may be excited to a frenzied activity. The description of Andrea's room, in which @@ -2234,7 +2196,7 @@ When they no longer are amusing, useful, or serviceable they are to be brushed aside and with the same <i>sang froid</i> as one would put aside an automobile that had broken down, worn out, or because it's "corpo -non è più giovane," as he kept saying of Foscarina in +non è più giovane," as he kept saying of Foscarina in "Il Fuoco," who belonged to him, "like the thing one holds in his fist, like the ring on one's finger, like a glove, like a garment, like a word that may be spoken @@ -2293,7 +2255,7 @@ Fire" are the high-water marks of D'Annunzio as a stylist, and they mark his completest moral dissolution.</p> <p>In "Il Fuoco" we get the same ethics, philosophy, -æsthetics, and glorification of sensuousness that we +æsthetics, and glorification of sensuousness that we get in all his other books. Here the two leading characters are exact replicas of himself and of the world's greatest actress of her day portrayed in an environment, @@ -2335,19 +2297,19 @@ force of the sentiment gained a quality of importance and grandeur which enhanced their inherent qualities.</p> -<p>In "La Città Morta," his most successful drama, he +<p>In "La Città Morta," his most successful drama, he returned to his favorite topic, incest. Though his purpose in writing it, the most successful of all his dramas, was to revive in form, structure, and unity the Greek drama, it gave him an opportunity to display his -knowledge of the classics and archæology. The philosophy +knowledge of the classics and archæology. The philosophy and mysticism of the play he got from Maeterlinck. Its theme is lust and crime. Lust is portrayed in almost every conceivable form of perversion, in poetic thoughts and graceful diction, especially in the delineation of Leonardo, the explorer, who lusts for his sister. The dreamy, meditative languor of the -dramatis personæ, their insensitiveness to every form +dramatis personæ, their insensitiveness to every form of ethical conformation, their perversion of every form of moral relationship, constitute an atmosphere that the northerner does not breath pleasurably. It was @@ -2393,7 +2355,7 @@ d'Jorio" and "Francesca di Rimini." "The Daughter of Jorio" is a tragedy laid in the mountains of Abruzzi. D'Annunzio knows the customs, habits, and traditions of the shepherds and mountaineers, their superstitions -and emotions, as he knows art, archæology, and +and emotions, as he knows art, archæology, and eroticism. The first act is a description of the betrothal of the son of a brutal shepherd to a simple girl with whom he is not particularly in love. At @@ -2414,7 +2376,7 @@ and convinces the people that she is the real criminal. Eros is unconquerable.</p> <p>In "Francesca di Rimini," a historical play filled -with erudite archæological details, he displays a knowledge +with erudite archæological details, he displays a knowledge of the thirteenth century and of the customs of the time which has never been excelled save by historical writers. It is a picture of war and bloodshed, @@ -2432,7 +2394,7 @@ Bushel," "The Ship," "Fedra," and "The Mystery of San Sebastian" appeared in French, and soon he adopted France as his home, having previously published a spiritual autobiography of eight thousand four -hundred lines entitled "Laus Vitæ," in which he summarizes +hundred lines entitled "Laus Vitæ," in which he summarizes the motives of his past and lays the basis of his new inspiration.</p> @@ -2474,7 +2436,7 @@ and runs up the coast of Istria it is, for D'Annunzio, the guarantor of the treaty of London, and he sees all the cities and islands of this coast restored to Italy, and these cities and all the places hallowed by the war -join in the pæan of triumph.</p> +join in the pæan of triumph.</p> <p>In "Songs of Achievements across the Sea" D'Annunzio established an incontestable claim to be the @@ -2508,7 +2470,7 @@ against Austria and Germany.</p> <p>The last books of D'Annunzio, illustrating his new attitude toward life, are "La Leda senza-cigno" ("Leda -without the Swan"), "Per la più grande Italia" ("For +without the Swan"), "Per la più grande Italia" ("For Greater Italy"), "La Beffa di Buccari" ("Buccari's Joke"), "La Riscossa" ("The Rescue"), "Bestetti e Tuminelli" ("Italy and Death"), "Contro Uno e @@ -2525,7 +2487,7 @@ as warrior.</p> <p>D'Annunzio is a poet who abounds in lyrical ecstacies. His style is the most remarkable thing about him. He -describes armor, architecture, archæology like an expert. +describes armor, architecture, archæology like an expert. He knows the dynamic point of view. He knows how to depict dramatic situations. His personages are all living personages. He is concerned @@ -2584,8 +2546,8 @@ glad tidings.</p> when he went to Rome in the early '90's. Perhaps it was before that time that he encountered "L'Ornement des Noces Spirituelles de Ruysbroeck l'Admirable," -and later "La Sagesse et la Destinée," and he absorbed -some of its æsthetic mysticism. He realized that it +and later "La Sagesse et la Destinée," and he absorbed +some of its æsthetic mysticism. He realized that it was another variety of search for wisdom because it is happiness, and he began to portray it in his poetry and tragedies. From the day he began to write he @@ -2600,7 +2562,7 @@ borrowed constituents of some of his productions, was the caressing modulation of the verses. When his romances appeared in French many of the passages taken bodily from Dostoievsky, Tolstoy, de -Maupassant, Pêladan, de Goncourt, Huysmans, and +Maupassant, Pêladan, de Goncourt, Huysmans, and many others were prudently suppressed. But no one can fail to recognize that he read these authors with a keen eye, a note-book by his side. But he has known @@ -2609,7 +2571,7 @@ the conduct of a corrupt people in a decadent fictitious world no longer sufficed to divert him; having drunk from the poisoned springs of lust not only to satiety but to disgust, he, like his prototype of Huysmans's -creation, "Des Esseintes," the Thebaide raffinée of +creation, "Des Esseintes," the Thebaide raffinée of "A Rebours," must hide himself away far from the world, in some retreat where he might deaden the discordant sounds of the rumblings of inflexible life, as @@ -2714,7 +2676,7 @@ can be dissociated from the connotation that is given to it when applied to art, I see no objection to it. It has been influenced by the French Symbolists of the preceding generation, Baudelaire, de Goncourt, Villiers -de l'Isle-Adam, Mallarmé, Verlaine, Huysmans, Rimbaud, +de l'Isle-Adam, Mallarmé, Verlaine, Huysmans, Rimbaud, whose work so profoundly influenced the course of French literature. Like this school the self-styled futuristic writers of Italy revolt against rhetoric and @@ -2747,7 +2709,7 @@ when she looked back to see how high the flames rose over Sodom and Gomorrah.</p> <p>The leaders of the Futuristic movement in Italy were -Guillaume Apollinaire, then editor of <i>Les Soirées de +Guillaume Apollinaire, then editor of <i>Les Soirées de Paris</i>, and F. T. Marinetti of Milan.</p> <p>One thing can be said of Signor Marinetti, the pope @@ -2756,7 +2718,7 @@ the most amusing writer in Italy. His idea of beauty is a massive building of concrete in course of construction with the scaffoldings lovingly embracing it. His idea of ugliness is a curve of any kind—save in the feminine -body. "Parole in libertà," words free from syntactical +body. "Parole in libertà ," words free from syntactical shackles are the words with which we shall fight the battle of the future. They are the dynamite which will blow asunder literary Monte Testaccio, in which are @@ -2806,7 +2768,7 @@ was born in Rome and lived in Italy until late childhood, when he went to France, where he remained until his death in 1919. He had a tremendous influence upon many of the young symbolist writers of -Italy, comparable to that exercised by Stéphane Mallarmé +Italy, comparable to that exercised by Stéphane Mallarmé on the young writers in the '80's and '90's. One of them wrote at the time of his death: "Hero of thought and of art, idealist, philosopher, genuine poet, @@ -2836,7 +2798,7 @@ and after the hazardous and aristocratic little group had become a species of low, bigoted democracy into which any one could enter who dangled a rosary of incomprehensible words. He left it in company -with Soffici and Palazzeschi and soon Carrà and others +with Soffici and Palazzeschi and soon Carrà and others followed his example. Thus, on the death of Boccioni, the first generation of Futuristic writers reformed or disappeared.</p> @@ -2870,7 +2832,7 @@ result from more intimate acquaintance with them.</p> <p>About ten years ago there began to appear in the Florentine publication, <i>La Voce</i>, a series of articles critical and interpretative of French art. It is difficult -now to believe that Cézanne, Courbet, Renoir, Picasso, +now to believe that Cézanne, Courbet, Renoir, Picasso, Henri Rousseau, Gauguin, Van Gogh, and the school of impressionists and neo-impressionists was so little known in Italy as they were at the time of the appearance @@ -3031,7 +2993,7 @@ come upon the scene a poet who might quite easily get a fame equal to that of Carducci or Pascoli.</p> <p>His poems not only showed the influence of Apollinaire -and Marinetti, but also of Whitman, of Mallarmé, +and Marinetti, but also of Whitman, of Mallarmé, of Rimbaud, of Laforgue, and of other French writers. The dyed-in-the-wool critics saw in much of his work clownishness and infantilism, especially in @@ -3084,7 +3046,7 @@ only an interesting writer but an accomplished musician, composer, and performer. Of Sicilian origin, he was born in Tuscany and has lived in various parts of central Europe. He first came to conspicuous notice -through his articles in <i>Les Soirées de Paris</i>. To +through his articles in <i>Les Soirées de Paris</i>. To the average reader he is known as a traveller and a narrator of his observations and experiences in the form of comments and short stories. Latterly, however, @@ -3162,7 +3124,7 @@ war, Italy lost one of its most gifted critics since De Sanctis. Despite his youth he had, when he was called to the colors, already won a conspicuous position as a man of letters. Alfredo Panzini dedicated his "Madonna -di Mamà" to him, and made touching allusions +di Mamà " to him, and made touching allusions to his qualities of soul and potential greatness. In 1914 he published a survey of contemporary Italian literature ("Le Lettere"), and the five years which @@ -3435,7 +3397,7 @@ and Poe, and faintly echo Oscar Wilde's "Bells and Pomegranates," Dostoievsky's "Poor People," and Leonida Andreieff's "Little Angel." Some of the stories have a weird touch. Others are founded in obsession -that form the ancillæ of psychopathy. Take, +that form the ancillæ of psychopathy. Take, for instance, the man with a feeling of unreality who did not really exist in flesh and blood but was only a figure in the dream of some one else, and who felt that @@ -3468,7 +3430,7 @@ and despises and disparages others.</p> <p>This unlovable child with an insatiate appetite for information found his way to a public library and determined -to write an encyclopædia of all knowledge. +to write an encyclopædia of all knowledge. His juvenile frenzy came its first cropper when he reached the letter "B," and he was submerged with the Bible and with God. The task was too big, he @@ -3725,7 +3687,7 @@ at them; and in primitive countries such as our own it kicks at them; therefore they are quick to see the advantage of assuming an air of crass indifference and, with the swagger of the social corsair, to express -a brutal insensitiveness to the æsthetic and the hedonistic +a brutal insensitiveness to the æsthetic and the hedonistic to which in reality they vibrate. They never deceive themselves, and Signor Papini does not deceive himself. He knows his limitations, and the greatest @@ -3830,7 +3792,7 @@ convention; the goal is his only object. He doesn't always know where he is going and he isn't concerned with it; he is concerned only with going. When the spectator sees the road over which he has travelled on -his winged horse he finds it littered with the débris +his winged horse he finds it littered with the débris that Pegasus has trampled upon and crushed.</p> <p>This period of hyperactivity is invariably followed @@ -3844,7 +3806,7 @@ rigidity of beginning congelation. Then, when hope and warmth have all but gone and only life, mere life without color or emotion remains, and the necessity of living forever in a world perpetually enshrouded in -darkness with no differentiation in the débris remaining +darkness with no differentiation in the débris remaining after the tornado, then the sun gradually peeps up, illuminates, warms, revives, fructifies the earth, and the sufferer becomes normal—normal save in the @@ -4076,7 +4038,7 @@ bound to do, it will be despite the kindly and sentimental protests and ironies of such oppositionists as Signor Panzini.</p> -<p>"La Madonna di Mamà" ("The Madonna of +<p>"La Madonna di Mamà " ("The Madonna of Mamma") is, in addition to a splendid character study, a revelation of the disturbance caused in a gentle and meditative soul, his own, by the war. For, in reality, @@ -4220,8 +4182,8 @@ viewed and the closeness with which it is examined.</p> he began to concern himself with social and domestic problems, such as those depicted under the title of "Maschere Nude" ("Naked Masks"). In the -play "Il Piacere dell' Onestà" ("The Pleasure of -Honesty"), he pictures a new type of ménage à trois: +play "Il Piacere dell' Onestà " ("The Pleasure of +Honesty"), he pictures a new type of ménage à trois: the "unhappy" husband in love with the mature daughter of an aristocratic Philistine mother, who, when she must needs have a husband for conventional @@ -4263,7 +4225,7 @@ compels the attention of his reader and he makes him think. Without such attention and thought the subtleties of Pirandello often escape the reader. Sometimes he labors a point almost to a tiresome degree, for -instance, in the play "Così è se vi pare" ("It's so if +instance, in the play "Così è se vi pare" ("It's so if You Think It's so"). The central point is the identity of a woman, which would seem, to the average individual, could be established readily beyond peradventure, @@ -4276,8 +4238,8 @@ very tiresome, but Pirandello has the art of mixing them up with human weaknesses and human virtues which makes the mixture not only palatable but appetizing. In his last comedies—"Il Giuoco delle -Parti" ("Each One Plays His Own Rôle") and "Ma -non è una Cosa Seria" ("But It isn't a Serious Matter")—he +Parti" ("Each One Plays His Own Rôle") and "Ma +non è una Cosa Seria" ("But It isn't a Serious Matter")—he reverts to matrimonial tangles and attempts at disentanglement, depicting in the former the "temperamental" woman who gets what she wants, @@ -4541,7 +4503,7 @@ much of his energy to his publishing-house and to <i>La Voce</i>. His writings are chiefly political and critical, "Il Sarto Spirituale" ("The Spiritual Tailor"), "L'Arte di Persuadere" ("The Art of Persuading"), -"Cos' è il Modernismo?" ("What is Modernism?"). +"Cos' è il Modernismo?" ("What is Modernism?"). He has done more to introduce and bring forward the potent group of young writers than any one in Italy.</p> @@ -4550,7 +4512,7 @@ contributions that are noteworthy, but he has given no real capacity to analyze evidence, to sum it up, or to interpret it judiciously. His last effort to prove that Corrado Giovi is the poetic sun of Italy -to-day was anæmic and feeble. The antithesis of +to-day was anæmic and feeble. The antithesis of him is Gherardo Marone, who thinks that Futurism and anarchism are synonymous, but the agnostic in religion sees no choice between Catholicism and Presbyterianism. @@ -4565,7 +4527,7 @@ are characterized by erudition, sympathy, understanding, and a sense of responsibility. He has published a volume of poems entitled "Prologhi" in line with the symbolist school of France, and especially -Stephane Mallarmé.</p> +Stephane Mallarmé.</p> <p>Another critic who senses the trend of Italian literature and puts correct interpretation upon it is G. A. @@ -4610,7 +4572,7 @@ might be called better company, the company of those whose infraction of convention is conditioned more by environment than by determination.</p> -<p>"L'Amore non c'è più" ("There Is No More Love") +<p>"L'Amore non c'è più" ("There Is No More Love") and "Il Maleficio occulto" ("Witchcraft") are other popular romances.</p> @@ -4645,7 +4607,7 @@ is Italy's best-seller. It is depressing to think that really great romances, like the "I Malavoglia" of Verga, stories such as Capuana's "Passa L'Amore," or Renato Fucini's, or even Panzini's "La Madonna di -Mamà," should have a sale of only a few thousand +Mamà ," should have a sale of only a few thousand copies, while books of the character of "Mimi Bluette," the flower of Signor Da Verona's garden, should go up toward the hundred-thousand mark. It is an index of @@ -4886,10 +4848,10 @@ has not yet given proof that he will earn enduring fame, he is nevertheless one of the most promising of the younger writers, and, although he is not prolific, each succeeding publication has added to his fame. -His last contribution is a comedy entitled "Le Fedeltà" +His last contribution is a comedy entitled "Le Fedeltà " ("Fidelity").</p> -<p>I could not have better illustrations of the rôle +<p>I could not have better illustrations of the rôle played by autobiography in modern fiction than two recent novels—one by Michele Sapanaro, "Peccato" or "Six Months of Rustic Life"; the other by Frederigo @@ -5011,7 +4973,7 @@ who made a new vibration to the poetic lyre and stamped verse with an individual conception which poetasters have more or less accepted. But he suffered from hyperfecundity, and many of his intellectual -children are anæmic and rachitic. Even though they +children are anæmic and rachitic. Even though they are endowed with some feature of beauty their vitality is so slight that no one wants to adopt them, and their parent being busy with the creation of others, neglects @@ -5050,7 +5012,7 @@ effects are transitory.</p> Traces"), did not materially enhance his reputation as a story-teller. The story called "The Eyes of the Soul" is undoubtedly the best. A beautiful girl has to -live her betrothed days alone; her fiancé goes to the +live her betrothed days alone; her fiancé goes to the war. She contracts smallpox, which disfigures her. When she is called to his bedside in the hospital where he is lying wounded, perhaps dying, she is concerned @@ -5158,7 +5120,7 @@ motive in his writings, it is difficult to discover it. Nor does he point the way that will lead to avoidance of the suffering that flows, apparently with so much directness, from social convention, from privilege, and -from the almost mediæval position of women in certain +from the almost mediæval position of women in certain parts of Italy to-day. He is a realist of realists in fiction, but he is like a physician who is content to diagnose disease and leave to others its prevention and @@ -5185,7 +5147,7 @@ has ever been able to tear down. "I wrote 'Prete Pero,'" he says, "as a journalist writes a series of articles or as a speaker makes a series of conferences—for a general idea; but I have had two, the first -æsthetic, to sustain the principle that in Italy, as in +æsthetic, to sustain the principle that in Italy, as in France and in England, and, indeed, in every country agonized by this terrible war, one might make and make acceptably war comedies; second, moral, to @@ -5298,7 +5260,7 @@ the rights of the people, liberty, or whatever one calls that which underlies the present social unrest. He has written many short stories, several romances, of which "Ragnatele" ("Cobwebs"), "Il Figlio Inquieto" -("The Restless Son") and "La più Bella +("The Restless Son") and "La più Bella Donna del Mondo" ("The Most Beautiful Woman in the World") are the most important.</p> @@ -5408,7 +5370,7 @@ Maugham has done for Paul Gauguin, master of the Pont Aven school of painting; dislocater of impressionism and neo-impressionism; liberator of art from stereotyped, slavish copyists of nature; apostle of intellectualism -and emotionalism versus æstheticism, and +and emotionalism versus æstheticism, and from it he has created Charles Strickland, victim of a strange disease resulting in dissociation of personality. The critics tell us "The Moon and Sixpence" is a @@ -5446,7 +5408,7 @@ him to pen this chaste message: "God damn my wife. She is an excellent woman. I wish she was in hell."</p> -<p>Like all victims of dementia præcox, when the disorder +<p>Like all victims of dementia præcox, when the disorder conditions bizarre conduct for the first time in mid-maturity, he becomes profoundly egocentric, neglectful of his appearance and of his person, and callously @@ -5517,15 +5479,15 @@ himself in serenity and shot himself in the abdomen, as lunatics often do. Not so Dick Stroeve, Strickland's fidus Achates. He worshipped Strickland, who reviled him, kicked him, spat upon him; Stroeve, who -naïvely asks, "Have I ever been mistaken?" in his +naïvely asks, "Have I ever been mistaken?" in his estimate of artists, knew that Strickland was a great artist, greater than Manet or Corot, more puissant -than El Greco or Cézanne, and that he had been sent +than El Greco or Cézanne, and that he had been sent to complete the cycle which Delacroix and Turner ushered in. Stroeve, a passive, asexual creature, had married a temperamental English governess in Rome, -where he had earned the soubriquet of "le Maître de -la Boîte à Chocolats" after she had had a disastrous +where he had earned the soubriquet of "le Maître de +la Boîte à Chocolats" after she had had a disastrous experience with the son of an Italian prince whose children she had been hired to instruct.</p> @@ -5598,7 +5560,7 @@ his kind every one knows, but to contend that one is a manifestation of the other is puerile, unenlightened, and harks back to barbarism. One might think that there is no such thing as the psychology of art -or the science of æsthetics. Art has an intellectual +or the science of æsthetics. Art has an intellectual significance as well as, or more than, an emotional significance, and the unfortunate, unhappy, disequilibrated man who is parodied in this book contributed @@ -5616,7 +5578,7 @@ had a "beguin" for him, but Gauguin had Tioka in his maison de joie without benefit of clergy. Doctor Coutras, who gives Mr. Maugham so much valuable information (via Rotonchamps and Segalen) is M. Paul -Vernié, who attended Gauguin and wrote an account +Vernié, who attended Gauguin and wrote an account of his last days.</p> <p>Despite the fact that in July, 1914, the London <i>Times</i> @@ -5635,8 +5597,8 @@ been devoting so much of his time in latter years to novels and dramas that he finds the differentiation between them difficult, and, too, Gauguin's disease has been diagnosticated leprosy, elephantiasis, syphilis. -"La dernière de ces avaries est exacte, mais ne doit -pas être imputées au pays: c'était une pure vérole +"La dernière de ces avaries est exacte, mais ne doit +pas être imputées au pays: c'était une pure vérole parisienne."</p> <p>"The Moon and Sixpence" is interesting. There is @@ -5974,7 +5936,7 @@ well as spiritually sympathetic. Many women have convinced themselves that their passion was reciprocated by men who gave less tangible evidence of it than Samuel Butler gave Miss Savage. That she -loved him there can be no doubt, but her unæsthetic +loved him there can be no doubt, but her unæsthetic appearance appalled him, her halting stride annoyed him, and her loving attentions bored him. Some years after her death he composed two sonnets to her @@ -6061,7 +6023,7 @@ beating them up in private.</p> <p>The fourth of Samuel Butler's characteristics was insensitiveness to what is generally called refinement -or finer feeling. Though an artist he had little æsthetic +or finer feeling. Though an artist he had little æsthetic awareness. If he knew the canons of good taste he did not subscribe to them. What he called his little jokes, which Mr. Jones relates with great gustfulness, @@ -6100,7 +6062,7 @@ words for contemporary or forebear.</p> Thackeray or Tennyson as much as I do now?" "Middlemarch is a long-winded piece of studied brag." "What a wretch Carlyle must be to run Goethe as he -has done!" "We talked about Charlotte Brontë; +has done!" "We talked about Charlotte Brontë; Butler did not like her." "I do not like Mr. W. J. Stillman at all." "I do not remember that Edwin Lear told us anything particularly amusing." "All I @@ -6355,20 +6317,20 @@ time she bends the knee to the rich and traffics with emperors.</p> <p>Though I lived nearly two years in the city where -the church's mediæval gorgeousness is more striking +the church's mediæval gorgeousness is more striking than in any other city of the world, and where its chief stronghold is, it was rarely that its practices or its preachings disturbed my spiritual equanimity, my belief in God, or my fathomless faith. Nearly every day my duties took me through the Piazza of St. Peter and along the Vatican Gardens, and my thought -was more often of his mediæval predecessors than of the +was more often of his mediæval predecessors than of the voluntary "prisoner" who, while occupying the sumptuous palace, eats out his heart because he is not allowed to be a temporal sovereign—in other words, to be the antithesis of Him whose vicar he claims to be.</p> -<p>One morning, after I read the communiqués and had +<p>One morning, after I read the communiqués and had that glow of satisfaction in the accomplishments of my fellow men, that feeling of pride which every ally had during the last weeks of the war, I turned the paper @@ -6474,7 +6436,7 @@ at an obtuse angle, accentuated the aquilinity of her nose and the prognathousness of her jaw. Everywhere I looked she was there. Every place I went I heard her: "Bentornato," "Benvenuto," "Aspetti un -memento, farò la sua fotografia." The ways of the +memento, farò la sua fotografia." The ways of the Lord are obscure. Otherwise one could explain why he did not let these poor devils die without having thrust upon them this presence, voice, and affected @@ -6497,7 +6459,7 @@ faith in every one and everything, and who read over the portal, "<i>Lasciate ogni speranza voi ch'entrate</i>." It is some such procession that Dante must have encountered frequently in his passage through the infernal -regions. "<i>Nulla speranza gli comforta mai nonchè di +regions. "<i>Nulla speranza gli comforta mai nonchè di posa, ma di minor pena.</i>" Not only did their faces reveal absolute despair but their bodies were reduced to such a state of emaciation that they were scarcely @@ -6601,7 +6563,7 @@ looked for theirs only in heaven.</p> <div class="poem"><div class="stanza"> <span class="i0">"Ahi giustizia di Dio! tante chi stipa<br /></span> <span class="i0">Nuove travaglie e pene, quanto io viddi?<br /></span> -<span class="i0">E perchè nostra colpa si ne scipa?"<br /></span> +<span class="i0">E perchè nostra colpa si ne scipa?"<br /></span> </div><div class="stanza"> <span class="i0">"Ah, Justice Divine! who shall tell in few the<br /></span> <span class="i0">Many fresh pains and travails that I saw?<br /></span> @@ -6815,7 +6777,7 @@ at present seems to me almost a hopeless struggle. The only thing that consoles me is history. When one recalls that all that which we now speak of as democracy flowed from one master mind in Cromwell's -little army; that the Laocoön hold which the +little army; that the Laocoön hold which the church had upon the people in the Middle Ages was broken by Luther and a few similar masters whose spirits successfully carried the idea of liberty; that @@ -6861,7 +6823,7 @@ by progress as unerringly as night is followed by day.</p> <p>These things may be brought about by revolution, just as democracy was brought about in France after the teachings of Voltaire, Rousseau, and the French -encyclopædists had blazed the way and the aftermath +encyclopædists had blazed the way and the aftermath of the American Revolution had reached that country; but I am firmly convinced that one of the things that the World War will accomplish is that this social reformation @@ -6900,7 +6862,7 @@ system of ethics, transcends my understanding. The chief branch of the Christian religion stands for dogma to-day just as firmly as it did before the Renaissance, and it pretends the humility of Christ while maintaining -the imperiousness of Cæsar. There is scarcely a minister +the imperiousness of Cæsar. There is scarcely a minister of the Protestant church who is not selling his birthright for a mess of pottage by not daring to get up in his pulpit and tell his flock that they must live @@ -7471,7 +7433,7 @@ of those who advise us to give up our just claims to the Dalmatian coast and islands, which is not only a pistol aimed at Italy's head, but a series of machine guns. The Treaty of London covers also our rights -on the Ægean islands, eastern Mediterranean, and +on the Ægean islands, eastern Mediterranean, and colonies. If we establish the precedent that this treaty can be abrogated or diminished, we do not know where this may lead us—all our interests protected @@ -7715,7 +7677,7 @@ deeply dyed-in-the-wool Socialists and the Socialistic Democrats. So far as one can predicate judgment on the reported sayings of the spokesmen of either of these two parties, the purpose of the present government -is to save as much as it can of the previous régime +is to save as much as it can of the previous régime and to continue it, minus the Kaiser and the war lords.</p> <p>In none of the addresses or communications of any @@ -7761,7 +7723,7 @@ with which they say that they will win the greatest of all victories—that of showing that, though defeated in arms, they can be masters of themselves. They have no recognition whatsoever that the destruction of -mediæval imperialism and the unfurling of the flag of +mediæval imperialism and the unfurling of the flag of liberty have been due to valor and sacrifice of the peoples of the whole world, who have accomplished it without other motive than to make the world a fit @@ -7916,7 +7878,7 @@ people after having allured them with fallacious promises, betraying them before the enemy.</p> <p>The absolute unpreparedness of the Russian people—eighty -per cent is illiterate—to pass into a régime +per cent is illiterate—to pass into a régime of democracy and social autonomy has facilitated the successes of the Bolsheviks, whose "ideas" or conceptions, as expressed in the programmes of Lenine, @@ -7963,7 +7925,7 @@ of religious faith contribute to take away from the class of those who are better fitted to resist morally every obstacle and restraint in the choice of their actions. It is the "universal destruction," it is the -madness of the <i>après nous le déluge</i>!</p> +madness of the <i>après nous le déluge</i>!</p> <p>The position of the Jews, radically changed after the revolution of the spring of 1917, which gave them @@ -8448,7 +8410,7 @@ Ambassador to Italy were most diverting. I have never been so entertained and instructed by oratory of which I didn't understand a word. After the speeches were delivered they were put into excellent -Italian by a young attaché of the Italian embassy who +Italian by a young attaché of the Italian embassy who must have spent many years away from his native sunny Italy in order to get the mastery of the Oriental language that he displayed. Banquet speeches are, @@ -8526,7 +8488,7 @@ Press, by the newspaper men of Rome. It was a very different gathering. Newspaper men have a make-up, a physiognomy, a general appearance, more or less founded in what may be called personal neglect, -that is, an insensitiveness to personal æsthetics, which +that is, an insensitiveness to personal æsthetics, which is quite characteristic. One can't pick a newspaper man from a crowd with the same readiness and accuracy that he picks a monk or an actor, but the majority @@ -8695,7 +8657,7 @@ or ideas of Americans are quite extraordinary. They got them from tourists whom they saw overrunning their country en prince or en Cook, and made up their minds that they were a type of uncivilized Crœsus or -of unæsthetic barbarian. They saw the effete, the effeminate +of unæsthetic barbarian. They saw the effete, the effeminate and decadent, or the semi-invalided business man surrounded by a bevy of overdressed females whose chief interest seemed to be their luggage and @@ -9541,11 +9503,11 @@ and daring. There is no nationality that compares with them in their riding, for instance. It is not true to say that they do not play games. The Spanish game of ball known as <i>pelota</i> is played in some centres -where the <i>jeunesse dorée</i> segregate, and another game +where the <i>jeunesse dorée</i> segregate, and another game of ball called <i>pallone</i> is played a little, but with no enthusiasm, and it arouses no considerable interest. In fact, nothing included under the head of sport -plays a great rôle in Italy. Fortunately it is being encouraged, +plays a great rôle in Italy. Fortunately it is being encouraged, and within a generation we may confidently anticipate a decided change. It would, of course, be ridiculous to say that they do not shoot and fish. You @@ -9564,7 +9526,7 @@ can read the history of the days of Roman supremacy without being struck with the fact that the chief amusement of the populace of those days was play, display of strength, skill, dexterity, and inventiveness. -Archæologists and others interested in unearthing and +Archæologists and others interested in unearthing and interpreting archaic remains tell us that the aphorism that there is nothing new under the sun is true so far as games are concerned, and I expect any day to hear @@ -9654,7 +9616,7 @@ man with a young woman who is not his wife. There is no open and fraternizing relationship between the sexes. If you say in Italy that a young woman is the <i>amica</i> or friend of a man, you mean what is signified -in French by <i>chère amie</i>. In certain parts of Italy, +in French by <i>chère amie</i>. In certain parts of Italy, and particularly in the South, the position of women in society and in relationship to men savors very much of the Oriental.</p> @@ -9871,7 +9833,7 @@ the war and the universal awakement to man's rights that would flow from it, I found that his comments were ejaculatory and that his reflections had no root in thought or reason. It is incredible that a person so -naïve and so lacking in every display of intelligence, +naïve and so lacking in every display of intelligence, culture, and perspicacity can be a spiritual teacher or guide. Perhaps it is that faith alone is necessary that one shall satisfactorily fulfil his duties as priest.</p> @@ -9969,7 +9931,7 @@ the densely populated city through a succession of narrow streets without sidewalks, and flanked on either side with never-ending little shops, now and then crossing a piazza which gives space and light to -some massive mediæval palace. But none of them +some massive mediæval palace. But none of them solicits me to stop until the Palazzo Braschi comes into view. I have seen its wondrous staircase, with its many columns of Oriental granite, so often that I @@ -10048,7 +10010,7 @@ seems to be drawing a mantle up over his head while the others, those of the Danube, the Ganges, and the Rio della Plata, are looking straight ahead. Bernini, who built the fountain, says that Nile was so shocked -by the façade which Borromini, a contemporary architect, +by the façade which Borromini, a contemporary architect, added to the Church of St. Agnes, which is immediately in front of it, that he had to veil his face.</p> @@ -10104,7 +10066,7 @@ messages stuck on the statue were collected, deciphered, and discussed, and when the witty tailor died they gave his name to the statue and thus immortality was thrust upon him. In reality, after the cessation of the -publications, "Carmina quæ ad Pasquillum fuerunt +publications, "Carmina quæ ad Pasquillum fuerunt posita in anno," and the murder of the professor who had encouraged his students to put forth their youthful efforts, men groaning under the oppression of their @@ -10139,7 +10101,7 @@ Maxentius; by its boundaries, which include the Palazzo Pamfili, the Church of S. Agnese, and the Church of S. Giacomo of the Spaniards, and innumerable small and large houses—it succeeds in conveying to the -observer, who is susceptible to æsthetic impressions, +observer, who is susceptible to æsthetic impressions, sensations which are as purely pleasurable as anything can possibly be. Were it not for the distinctively Italian architecture one might easily imagine that he @@ -10249,7 +10211,7 @@ at the semi-sunken boat-shaped fountain just in front of the steps, and begin slowly to mount the most impressive steps in Rome, which seem to lead up like heavenly stairs to the massive, double-belfried Church -of Trinità dei Monti, with the graceful Egyptian obelisk +of Trinità dei Monti, with the graceful Egyptian obelisk in front of it. Nowadays the steps are not so picturesque as I have often seen them in peace time, when lovely artists' models, picturesque loafers and @@ -10562,7 +10524,7 @@ not underestimate our accomplishment. The British know that they were steadfast; the French realize that they were resolute; the Italians appreciate that they were brave. We know it, but that does not prevent -us from realizing the magnitude of the rôle we played, +us from realizing the magnitude of the rôle we played, and the man who was responsible for it is the man to whom the world, save a political party in the United States, gives thanks and expresses appreciation. His @@ -10729,7 +10691,7 @@ Mr. Tumulty would not be allowed to see him!</p> <p>Wilson has been accused of pilfering his idea of the League of Nations from the Duc de Sully and from -the Abbé of Saint Pierre. Enemies animated by +the Abbé of Saint Pierre. Enemies animated by malice and fired by envy have striven to show that the famous fourteen statements or principles were his only by the right of possession or enunciation; that he @@ -10856,7 +10818,7 @@ by bathing it daily in the milk of human kindness. He says with his lips that he loves his fellow men, but there is no accompanying emotional glow, none of the somatic or spiritual accompaniments which are the -normal ancillæ of love's display. Hence he does not +normal ancillæ of love's display. Hence he does not respect their convictions when they are opposed to his own, he does not value their counsels. His determination to put things through in the way he has convinced @@ -11116,387 +11078,6 @@ the general manager of the Associated Press, by the newspaper men of Rome.</p> </div> - - - - - - - -<pre> - - - - - -End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Idling in Italy, by Joseph Collins - -*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK IDLING IN ITALY *** - -***** This file should be named 41934-h.htm or 41934-h.zip ***** -This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: - http://www.gutenberg.org/4/1/9/3/41934/ - -Produced by Anna Hall and the Online Distributed -Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This file was -produced from images generously made available by The -Internet Archive/American Libraries.) - - -Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions -will be renamed. - -Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no -one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation -(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without -permission and without paying copyright royalties. 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