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diff --git a/41812-h/41812-h.htm b/41812-h/41812-h.htm index 658edb2..9c0832f 100644 --- a/41812-h/41812-h.htm +++ b/41812-h/41812-h.htm @@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd"> <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en" lang="en"> <head> - <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html;charset=iso-8859-1" /> + <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html;charset=UTF-8" /> <meta http-equiv="Content-Style-Type" content="text/css" /> <title> The Project Gutenberg eBook of Variation in the Muscles and Nerves of the Leg @@ -111,47 +111,7 @@ padding-left: 15px; </style> </head> <body> - - -<pre> - -The Project Gutenberg EBook of Variation in the Muscles and Nerves of the -Leg in Two Genera of Grouse (Tympanuchus and Pedioecetes), by E. Bruce Holmes - -This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with -almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or -re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included -with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org/license - - -Title: Variation in the Muscles and Nerves of the Leg in - Two Genera of Grouse (Tympanuchus and Pedioecetes) - -Author: E. Bruce Holmes - -Release Date: January 10, 2013 [EBook #41812] - -Language: English - -Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1 - -*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK VARIATION IN THE MUSCLES AND *** - - - - -Produced by Chris Curnow, Matthias Grammel, Joseph Cooper, -some pages courtesy of The Internet Archive and the Online -Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net - - - - - - -</pre> - - +<div>*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK 41812 ***</div> <hr class="chap" /> @@ -418,7 +378,7 @@ supply) is exhausted. Numbers published to date, in this series, are as follows: <td align="right"><span style="font-size:.8em"> </span></td> <td align="right" valign="top"><span style="font-size:.8em">14.</span></td> <td align="left" valign="top"><span style="font-size:.8em"> - Pleistocene bats from San Josecito Cave, Nuevo León, México. By J. Knox Jones, Jr. Pp. 389-396. December 19, 1958.</span></td> + Pleistocene bats from San Josecito Cave, Nuevo León, México. By J. Knox Jones, Jr. Pp. 389-396. December 19, 1958.</span></td> </tr> <tr> <td align="center"><span style="font-size:.8em"> </span></td> @@ -816,7 +776,7 @@ E. BRUCE HOLMES</p> <td align="left" valign="top"><span style="font-size:.9em"><span class="smcap"><a href="#Fig_1">Fig. 1.</a></span></span></td> <td align="left" valign="top"><span style="font-size:.9em"> Pelvis of <i>Tympanuchus pallidicinctus</i>. - A. Lateral view. × 1. B. Ventral view. × 1⅛.</span></td> + A. Lateral view. × 1. B. Ventral view. × 1⅛.</span></td> <td align="right" valign="top"><span style="font-size:.9em"><a href="#Fig_1">370</a></span></td> </tr> <tr> @@ -825,7 +785,7 @@ E. BRUCE HOLMES</p> Ventral views of the lumbosacral plexus of <i>Tympanuchus pallidicinctus</i>. Sympathetic ganglionated chain removed. Numbers indicate - synsacral spinal nerves. × 2. A. T.p. 1L. B. T.p. 2L.</span></td> + synsacral spinal nerves. × 2. A. T.p. 1L. B. T.p. 2L.</span></td> <td align="right" valign="top"><span style="font-size:.9em"><a href="#Fig_2">386</a></span></td> </tr> <tr> @@ -833,7 +793,7 @@ E. BRUCE HOLMES</p> <td align="left" valign="top"><span style="font-size:.9em"> Ventral views of the lumbosacral plexus. Sympathetic ganglionated chain removed. Numbers indicate - synsacral spinal nerves. × 2. A. <i>Tympanuchus cupido pinnatus</i> + synsacral spinal nerves. × 2. A. <i>Tympanuchus cupido pinnatus</i> 3L. B. <i>Pedioecetes phasianellus jamesi</i> 4L.</span></td> <td align="right" valign="top"><span style="font-size:.9em"><a href="#Fig_1">387</a></span></td> </tr> @@ -841,7 +801,7 @@ E. BRUCE HOLMES</p> <td align="left" valign="top"><span style="font-size:.9em"><span class="smcap"><a href="#Fig_4">Fig. 4.</a></span></span></td> <td align="left" valign="top"><span style="font-size:.9em"> Semidiagrammatic ventral views of the femoral - nerve, showing the distribution of the branches. × 3. 1,2, + nerve, showing the distribution of the branches. × 3. 1,2, M. extensor iliotibialis anticus; 3, cutaneous; 4-6, M. extensor iliotibialis lateralis; 7,8, M. iliacus; 9, M. gluteus profundus; 10-12, fused Mm. vastus lateralis and vastus @@ -856,7 +816,7 @@ E. BRUCE HOLMES</p> <td align="left" valign="top"><span style="font-size:.9em"><span class="smcap"><a href="#Fig_5">Fig. 5.</a></span></span></td> <td align="left" valign="top"><span style="font-size:.9em"> Semidiagrammatic ventral views of the femoral - nerve, showing the distribution of the branches. × 3. 1,2, M. + nerve, showing the distribution of the branches. × 3. 1,2, M. extensor iliotibialis anticus; 3, cutaneous; 5,6, M. extensor iliotibialis lateralis; 7,8, M. iliacus; 9, M. gluteus profundus; 10,11, fused Mm. vastus lateralis and vastus @@ -871,7 +831,7 @@ E. BRUCE HOLMES</p> <td align="left" valign="top"><span style="font-size:.9em"> Semidiagrammatic dorsolateral view of the sciatic nerve of <i>Pedioecetes phasianellus jamesi</i> 3R, showing - the distribution of the branches. × 2½. 1, M. gluteus + the distribution of the branches. × 2½. 1, M. gluteus profundus; 2, M. piriformis; 3, M. extensor iliotibialis lateralis; 4-7, M. extensor iliofibularis; 8, M. flexor cruris medialis; 9, cutaneous; 10, to pudendal plexus; 11, M. flexor @@ -887,7 +847,7 @@ E. BRUCE HOLMES</p> <td align="left" valign="top"><span style="font-size:.9em"> Semidiagrammatic dorsolateral view of the sciatic nerve of <i>Tympanuchus pallidicinctus</i> 2L, showing the - distribution of the branches. × 2½. 1, M. gluteus profundus; + distribution of the branches. × 2½. 1, M. gluteus profundus; 2, M. piriformis; 3, M. extensor iliotibialis lateralis; 4, 7, M. extensor iliofibularis; 8, M. flexor cruris medialis; 9, cutaneous; 10, to pudendal plexus; 11, M. flexor cruris @@ -902,7 +862,7 @@ E. BRUCE HOLMES</p> <td align="left" valign="top"><span style="font-size:.9em"> Semidiagrammatic dorsolateral view of the sciatic nerve of <i>Tympanuchus cupido pinnatus</i> 3L, - showing the distribution of the branches. × 2½. 1, + showing the distribution of the branches. × 2½. 1, M. gluteus profundus; 2, M. piriformis; 3, M. extensor iliotibialis lateralis; 4,7, M. extensor iliofibularis; 8, M. flexor cruris medialis; 9, cutaneous; 11, M. flexor @@ -917,7 +877,7 @@ E. BRUCE HOLMES</p> <td align="left" valign="top"><span style="font-size:.9em"> Semidiagrammatic dorsolateral view of the sciatic nerve of <i>Pedioecetes phasianellus jamesi</i> 3L, - showing the distribution of the branches. × 2½. 1, + showing the distribution of the branches. × 2½. 1, M. gluteus profundus; 2, M. piriformis; 3, M. extensor iliotibialis lateralis; 4,5,7, M. extensor iliofibularis; 8, M. flexor cruris medialis; 9, cutaneous; 11, M. flexor @@ -931,10 +891,10 @@ E. BRUCE HOLMES</p> <td align="left" valign="top"><span style="font-size:.9em"> A,B. Semidiagrammatic drawings of the peroneal nerve of <i>Tympanuchus pallidicinctus</i> 1L, showing the - distribution of the branches. × 2. C. Semidiagrammatic drawing + distribution of the branches. × 2. C. Semidiagrammatic drawing of the distal part of the peroneal nerve of <i>Tympanuchus cupido attwateri</i> 1R, showing the distribution of the - branches. × 2. 1,2, M. tibialis anticus (tibial head); 3,4, + branches. × 2. 1,2, M. tibialis anticus (tibial head); 3,4, M. tibialis anticus (femoral head); 5, M. extensor digitorum longus; 6, nonmuscular; 7,8, M. peroneus longus; 9, M. peroneus brevis; 10,11, M. extensor hallucis longus (proximal head); @@ -949,10 +909,10 @@ E. BRUCE HOLMES</p> A,B. Semidiagrammatic drawings of the tibial nerve (excluding the paraperoneal branch) of <i>Tympanuchus pallidicinctus</i>, showing the distribution of the branches. - × 2. A. T.p. 1L. B. T.p. 3R. C. Semidiagrammatic drawing + × 2. A. T.p. 1L. B. T.p. 3R. C. Semidiagrammatic drawing of the distal part of the paraperoneal branch of the tibial nerve of <i>Pedioecetes phasianellus jamesi</i> 2L, showing - the distribution of the branches. × 2. 1, M. femorocruralis; + the distribution of the branches. × 2. 1, M. femorocruralis; 2, M. gastrocnemius pars media; 3, M. popliteus; 4, M. plantaris; 5, M. flexor digitorum longus; 6-8, nonmuscular; 9-11, M. gastrocnemius pars interna; 12,13, M. flexor hallucis longus; @@ -971,14 +931,14 @@ E. BRUCE HOLMES</p> <td align="left" valign="top"><span style="font-size:.9em"><span class="smcap"><a href="#Fig_12">Fig. 12.</a></span></span></td> <td align="left" valign="top"><span style="font-size:.9em"> <i>Tympanuchus pallidicinctus</i> 2L. Lateral - view of the superficial muscles of the left leg. × 1.</span></td> + view of the superficial muscles of the left leg. × 1.</span></td> <td align="right" valign="top"><span style="font-size:.9em"><a href="#Fig_12">397</a></span></td> </tr> <tr> <td align="left" valign="top"><span style="font-size:.9em"><span class="smcap"><a href="#Fig_13">Fig. 13.</a></span></span></td> <td align="left" valign="top"><span style="font-size:.9em"> <i>Tympanuchus pallidicinctus</i> 2L. Medial - view of the superficial muscles of the left leg. × 1. Articular + view of the superficial muscles of the left leg. × 1. Articular capsule shown by concentrically arranged dashes.</span></td> <td align="right" valign="top"><span style="font-size:.9em"><a href="#Fig_13">398</a></span></td> </tr> @@ -989,7 +949,7 @@ E. BRUCE HOLMES</p> view of the muscles of the left leg. The following muscles have been removed: extensor iliotibialis lateralis, extensor iliotibialis anticus, gastrocnemius pars externa and pars - interna, and peroneus longus. × 1.</span></td> + interna, and peroneus longus. × 1.</span></td> <td align="right" valign="top"><span style="font-size:.9em"><a href="#Fig_14">399</a></span></td> </tr> <tr> @@ -1000,7 +960,7 @@ E. BRUCE HOLMES</p> been removed: extensor iliotibialis lateralis, extensor iliotibialis anticus, ambiens, flexor cruris lateralis (in part), flexor cruris medialis (in part), gastrocnemius pars externa - and pars interna, and peroneus longus. × 1.</span></td> + and pars interna, and peroneus longus. × 1.</span></td> <td align="right" valign="top"><span style="font-size:.9em"><a href="#Fig_15">400</a></span></td> </tr> <tr> @@ -1012,7 +972,7 @@ E. BRUCE HOLMES</p> ambiens, vastus lateralis pars lateralis, vastus medialis (except for part of patellar tendon), extensor iliofibularis, flexor cruris lateralis (in part), flexor perforans et perforatus - digiti II, and flexor perforans et perforatus digiti III. × 1.</span></td> + digiti II, and flexor perforans et perforatus digiti III. × 1.</span></td> <td align="right" valign="top"><span style="font-size:.9em"><a href="#Fig_16">401</a></span></td> </tr> <tr> @@ -1023,7 +983,7 @@ E. BRUCE HOLMES</p> addition to those listed for <a href="#Fig_16">Fig. 16</a>, have been removed: vastus lateralis pars postica, gluteus profundus, flexor cruris medialis (in part), caudofemoralis, flexor perforatus digiti IV, and - tibialis anticus. × 1.</span></td> + tibialis anticus. × 1.</span></td> <td align="right" valign="top"><span style="font-size:.9em"><a href="#Fig_17">402</a></span></td> </tr> <tr> @@ -1037,7 +997,7 @@ E. BRUCE HOLMES</p> adductor superficialis, femorocruralis, gastrocnemius pars media, flexor perforatus digiti III, flexor perforatus digiti II, flexor hallucis longus, plantaris, flexor digitorum longus, popliteus, - and extensor digitorum longus. × 1.</span></td> + and extensor digitorum longus. × 1.</span></td> <td align="right" valign="top"><span style="font-size:.9em"><a href="#Fig_18">403</a></span></td> </tr> <tr> @@ -1047,46 +1007,46 @@ E. BRUCE HOLMES</p> Posterior view of the muscles of the left shank. The following shank muscles, in addition to those listed for <a href="#Fig_17">Fig. 17</a>, have been removed: gastrocnemius pars media, flexor perforatus - digiti III, and flexor perforatus digiti II. × 1. B. Posterior + digiti III, and flexor perforatus digiti II. × 1. B. Posterior view of the proximal end of the shank, showing the most deeply - situated muscle. × 1. C. Lateral view of the head of the left + situated muscle. × 1. C. Lateral view of the head of the left femur and the middle part of the pelvis, showing the deepest - part of M. obturator. × 1. D. Medial view of the posteroventral + part of M. obturator. × 1. D. Medial view of the posteroventral part of the left side of the pelvis, showing the intrapelvic part - of M. obturator. × 1. E. Anterior view of the left + of M. obturator. × 1. E. Anterior view of the left tarsometatarsus, showing the dorsal intrinsic muscles of the - foot. × 1½. F. Posterior view of the left tarsometatarsus, - showing the ventral intrinsic muscles of the foot. × 1½.</span></td> + foot. × 1½. F. Posterior view of the left tarsometatarsus, + showing the ventral intrinsic muscles of the foot. × 1½.</span></td> <td align="right" valign="top"><span style="font-size:.9em"><a href="#Fig_19">404</a></span></td> </tr> <tr> <td align="left" valign="top"><span style="font-size:.9em"><span class="smcap"><a href="#Fig_20">Fig. 20.</a></span></span></td> <td align="left" valign="top"><span style="font-size:.9em"> A-D. Dorsal views of M. iliotrochantericus - medius, showing its relationship to femoral notch. × 1. In D, + medius, showing its relationship to femoral notch. × 1. In D, note absence of femoral notch and location of branch of femoral nerve. A. <i>Tympanuchus pallidicinctus</i> 2L. B. <i>T. cupido pinnatus</i> 4L. C. <i>Pedioecetes phasianellus jamesi</i> 1L. D. <i>T. pallidicinctus</i> 3L.<br /> E. Medial view of distal end of M. flexor cruris medialis of - <i>P. p. jamesi</i> 4L. × 1. Part of insertion is covered by + <i>P. p. jamesi</i> 4L. × 1. Part of insertion is covered by medial collateral ligament.<br /> F,G. Lateral views of posteroproximal corner of M. extensor - iliotibialis lateralis (removed from specimen). × 1. F. + iliotibialis lateralis (removed from specimen). × 1. F. <i>T. pallidicinctus</i> 2L. G. <i>P. p. jamesi</i> 3L.<br /> - H,I. Dorsolateral views of M. piriformis. × 1. H. <i>P. + H,I. Dorsolateral views of M. piriformis. × 1. H. <i>P. p. jamesi</i> 1L. I. <i>T. cupido attwateri</i> 1L.<br /> J. Lateral view of M. caudofemoralis pars caudifemoralis - (removed from specimen) of <i>T. c. pinnatus</i> 4L. × 1. + (removed from specimen) of <i>T. c. pinnatus</i> 4L. × 1. K. Lateral view of extrapelvic part of M. obturator of - <i>T. pallidicinctus</i> 3L (bones not shown). × 2.<br /> + <i>T. pallidicinctus</i> 3L (bones not shown). × 2.<br /> L,M. Region surrounding obturator foramen of <i>T. pallidicinctus</i> 3L, showing points of attachment of three - parts of M. obturator (muscles removed). × 3. L. Lateral + parts of M. obturator (muscles removed). × 3. L. Lateral view. M. Medial view.<br /> N. Anterior view of left tarsometatarsus of <i>P. p. jamesi</i> 4L, showing dorsal intrinsic muscles of foot. - × 1½. Tendon of M. extensor digitorum longus has been + × 1½. Tendon of M. extensor digitorum longus has been removed.</span></td> <td align="right" valign="top"><span style="font-size:.9em"><a href="#Fig_20">406</a></span></td> </tr> @@ -1348,7 +1308,7 @@ posterior end of the internal ilio-ischiatic crest.</p> <span class="caption"> <span style="font-size:.9em"><span class="smcap">Fig. 1.</span> Pelvis of <i>Tympanuchus pallidicinctus</i>. - A. Lateral view. × 1. B. Ventral view. × 1⅛.</span> + A. Lateral view. × 1. B. Ventral view. × 1⅛.</span> </span> </div> <div class="pmb1"></div> @@ -1541,14 +1501,14 @@ mammalian obturator internus.</p> (obturator internus of Hudson) cannot be homologous to the mammalian obturator internus, but must represent the obturator externus. His reasoning is as follows: "Als M. pectineus kann man diesen Muskel nicht auffassen, -da er auf der Aussenfläche des Trochanter major inserirt, ferner auch nicht +da er auf der Aussenfläche des Trochanter major inserirt, ferner auch nicht als M. obturator internus der menschlichen Anatomie, da er nicht vom Plexus ischiadicus, sondern vom Plexus cruralis aus innervirt wird. Seiner Innervation -und Insertion nach wäre er nur mit dem M. obturator externus zu -vergleichen, wobei er seinen Ursprung im Verhältniss zum Menschen nur -bedeutend weiter auf das Os ischii und Os pubis distalwärts ausgedehnt -hätte und so allerdings der Lage nach mit Ausnahme seines Insertionsdrittels -ein 'internus' geworden wäre."</p> +und Insertion nach wäre er nur mit dem M. obturator externus zu +vergleichen, wobei er seinen Ursprung im Verhältniss zum Menschen nur +bedeutend weiter auf das Os ischii und Os pubis distalwärts ausgedehnt +hätte und so allerdings der Lage nach mit Ausnahme seines Insertionsdrittels +ein 'internus' geworden wäre."</p> <p>Since Gadow gives different homologues for M. obturator in two of his works (1880 and 1891), one would suspect that he had changed his opinion @@ -1557,9 +1517,9 @@ gives supporting evidence (quoted above) for his view; in 1891 he does not. After describing (1891:173) how the origin of M. obturator in bird ancestors presumably migrated from a location outside the pelvis to a position inside the pelvis prior to the meeting of the pubis and ischium -external to the muscle, he states: "Eine ähnliche Entwicklung ist für den -<i>Obturator internus</i> der Säugethiere anzunehmen, welchem der <i>M. obturator</i> -der Vögel entspricht." A similar development in mammals is impossible, +external to the muscle, he states: "Eine ähnliche Entwicklung ist für den +<i>Obturator internus</i> der Säugethiere anzunehmen, welchem der <i>M. obturator</i> +der Vögel entspricht." A similar development in mammals is impossible, owing to the different relationship of the muscle to the pelvic bones in this class. Gadow says nothing more about the mammalian homologue of M. obturator. In view of this discrepancy, Gadow can hardly be considered @@ -2213,7 +2173,7 @@ in one leg.</p> Ventral views of the lumbosacral plexus of <i>Tympanuchus pallidicinctus</i>. Sympathetic ganglionated chain removed. Numbers indicate - synsacral spinal nerves. × 2. A. T.p. 1L. B. T.p. 2L.</span> + synsacral spinal nerves. × 2. A. T.p. 1L. B. T.p. 2L.</span> </span> </div> <div class="pmb1"></div> @@ -2230,7 +2190,7 @@ in one leg.</p> <span style="font-size:.9em"><span class="smcap">Fig. 3.</span> Ventral views of the lumbosacral plexus. Sympathetic ganglionated chain removed. Numbers indicate - synsacral spinal nerves. × 2. A. <i>Tympanuchus cupido pinnatus</i> + synsacral spinal nerves. × 2. A. <i>Tympanuchus cupido pinnatus</i> 3L. B. <i>Pedioecetes phasianellus jamesi</i> 4L.</span> </span> </div> @@ -2247,7 +2207,7 @@ in one leg.</p> <span class="caption"> <span style="font-size:.9em"><span class="smcap">Fig. 4.</span> Semidiagrammatic ventral views of the femoral - nerve, showing the distribution of the branches. × 3. 1,2, + nerve, showing the distribution of the branches. × 3. 1,2, M. extensor iliotibialis anticus; 3, cutaneous; 4-6, M. extensor iliotibialis lateralis; 7,8, M. iliacus; 9, M. gluteus profundus; 10-12, fused Mm. vastus lateralis and vastus @@ -2271,7 +2231,7 @@ in one leg.</p> <span class="caption"> <span style="font-size:.9em"><span class="smcap">Fig. 5.</span> Semidiagrammatic ventral views of the femoral - nerve, showing the distribution of the branches. × 3. 1,2, M. + nerve, showing the distribution of the branches. × 3. 1,2, M. extensor iliotibialis anticus; 3, cutaneous; 5,6, M. extensor iliotibialis lateralis; 7,8, M. iliacus; 9, M. gluteus profundus; 10,11, fused Mm. vastus lateralis and vastus @@ -2295,7 +2255,7 @@ in one leg.</p> <span style="font-size:.9em"><span class="smcap">Fig. 6.</span> Semidiagrammatic dorsolateral view of the sciatic nerve of <i>Pedioecetes phasianellus jamesi</i> 3R, showing - the distribution of the branches. × 2½. 1, M. gluteus + the distribution of the branches. × 2½. 1, M. gluteus profundus; 2, M. piriformis; 3, M. extensor iliotibialis lateralis; 4-7, M. extensor iliofibularis; 8, M. flexor cruris medialis; 9, cutaneous; 10, to pudendal plexus; 11, M. flexor @@ -2320,7 +2280,7 @@ in one leg.</p> <span style="font-size:.9em"><span class="smcap">Fig. 7.</span> Semidiagrammatic dorsolateral view of the sciatic nerve of <i>Tympanuchus pallidicinctus</i> 2L, showing the - distribution of the branches. × 2½. 1, M. gluteus profundus; + distribution of the branches. × 2½. 1, M. gluteus profundus; 2, M. piriformis; 3, M. extensor iliotibialis lateralis; 4, 7, M. extensor iliofibularis; 8, M. flexor cruris medialis; 9, cutaneous; 10, to pudendal plexus; 11, M. flexor cruris @@ -2344,7 +2304,7 @@ in one leg.</p> <span style="font-size:.9em"><span class="smcap">Fig. 8.</span> Semidiagrammatic dorsolateral view of the sciatic nerve of <i>Tympanuchus cupido pinnatus</i> 3L, - showing the distribution of the branches. × 2½. 1, + showing the distribution of the branches. × 2½. 1, M. gluteus profundus; 2, M. piriformis; 3, M. extensor iliotibialis lateralis; 4,7, M. extensor iliofibularis; 8, M. flexor cruris medialis; 9, cutaneous; 11, M. flexor @@ -2368,7 +2328,7 @@ in one leg.</p> <span style="font-size:.9em"><span class="smcap">Fig. 9.</span> Semidiagrammatic dorsolateral view of the sciatic nerve of <i>Pedioecetes phasianellus jamesi</i> 3L, - showing the distribution of the branches. × 2½. 1, + showing the distribution of the branches. × 2½. 1, M. gluteus profundus; 2, M. piriformis; 3, M. extensor iliotibialis lateralis; 4,5,7, M. extensor iliofibularis; 8, M. flexor cruris medialis; 9, cutaneous; 11, M. flexor @@ -2391,10 +2351,10 @@ in one leg.</p> <span style="font-size:.9em"><span class="smcap">Fig. 10.</span> A,B. Semidiagrammatic drawings of the peroneal nerve of <i>Tympanuchus pallidicinctus</i> 1L, showing the - distribution of the branches. × 2. C. Semidiagrammatic drawing + distribution of the branches. × 2. C. Semidiagrammatic drawing of the distal part of the peroneal nerve of <i>Tympanuchus cupido attwateri</i> 1R, showing the distribution of the - branches. × 2. 1,2, M. tibialis anticus (tibial head); 3,4, + branches. × 2. 1,2, M. tibialis anticus (tibial head); 3,4, M. tibialis anticus (femoral head); 5, M. extensor digitorum longus; 6, nonmuscular; 7,8, M. peroneus longus; 9, M. peroneus brevis; 10,11, M. extensor hallucis longus (proximal head); @@ -2418,10 +2378,10 @@ in one leg.</p> A,B. Semidiagrammatic drawings of the tibial nerve (excluding the paraperoneal branch) of <i>Tympanuchus pallidicinctus</i>, showing the distribution of the branches. - × 2. A. T.p. 1L. B. T.p. 3R. C. Semidiagrammatic drawing + × 2. A. T.p. 1L. B. T.p. 3R. C. Semidiagrammatic drawing of the distal part of the paraperoneal branch of the tibial nerve of <i>Pedioecetes phasianellus jamesi</i> 2L, showing - the distribution of the branches. × 2. 1, M. femorocruralis; + the distribution of the branches. × 2. 1, M. femorocruralis; 2, M. gastrocnemius pars media; 3, M. popliteus; 4, M. plantaris; 5, M. flexor digitorum longus; 6-8, nonmuscular; 9-11, M. gastrocnemius pars interna; 12,13, M. flexor hallucis longus; @@ -2681,7 +2641,7 @@ discussed in the order in which they are listed below.</p> <span class="caption"> <span style="font-size:.9em"><span class="smcap">Fig. 12.</span> <i>Tympanuchus pallidicinctus</i> 2L. Lateral - view of the superficial muscles of the left leg. × 1.</span> + view of the superficial muscles of the left leg. × 1.</span> </span> </div> @@ -2703,7 +2663,7 @@ discussed in the order in which they are listed below.</p> <span class="caption"> <span style="font-size:.9em"><span class="smcap">Fig. 13.</span> <i>Tympanuchus pallidicinctus</i> 2L. Medial - view of the superficial muscles of the left leg. × 1. Articular + view of the superficial muscles of the left leg. × 1. Articular capsule shown by concentrically arranged dashes.</span> </span> </div> @@ -2750,7 +2710,7 @@ profundus.</p> view of the muscles of the left leg. The following muscles have been removed: extensor iliotibialis lateralis, extensor iliotibialis anticus, gastrocnemius pars externa and pars - interna, and peroneus longus. × 1.</span> + interna, and peroneus longus. × 1.</span> </span> </div> <div class="pmb1"></div> @@ -2770,7 +2730,7 @@ profundus.</p> been removed: extensor iliotibialis lateralis, extensor iliotibialis anticus, ambiens, flexor cruris lateralis (in part), flexor cruris medialis (in part), gastrocnemius pars externa - and pars interna, and peroneus longus. × 1.</span> + and pars interna, and peroneus longus. × 1.</span> </span> </div> <div class="pmb1"></div> @@ -2818,7 +2778,7 @@ the rotular crest.</p> ambiens, vastus lateralis pars lateralis, vastus medialis (except for part of patellar tendon), extensor iliofibularis, flexor cruris lateralis (in part), flexor perforans et perforatus - digiti II, and flexor perforans et perforatus digiti III. × 1.</span> + digiti II, and flexor perforans et perforatus digiti III. × 1.</span> </span> </div> <div class="pmb1"></div> @@ -2860,7 +2820,7 @@ sends a twig into M. extensor iliotibialis lateralis.</p> addition to those listed for <a href="#Fig_16">Fig. 16</a>, have been removed: vastus lateralis pars postica, gluteus profundus, flexor cruris medialis (in part), caudofemoralis, flexor perforatus digiti IV, and - tibialis anticus. × 1.</span> + tibialis anticus. × 1.</span> </span> </div> <div class="pmb1"></div> @@ -2888,7 +2848,7 @@ sends a twig into M. extensor iliotibialis lateralis.</p> adductor superficialis, femorocruralis, gastrocnemius pars media, flexor perforatus digiti III, flexor perforatus digiti II, flexor hallucis longus, plantaris, flexor digitorum longus, popliteus, - and extensor digitorum longus. × 1.</span> + and extensor digitorum longus. × 1.</span> </span> </div> <div class="pmb1"></div> @@ -2923,16 +2883,16 @@ The distal accessory aponeurosis is absent.</p> Posterior view of the muscles of the left shank. The following shank muscles, in addition to those listed for <a href="#Fig_17">Fig. 17</a>, have been removed: gastrocnemius pars media, flexor perforatus - digiti III, and flexor perforatus digiti II. × 1. B. Posterior + digiti III, and flexor perforatus digiti II. × 1. B. Posterior view of the proximal end of the shank, showing the most deeply - situated muscle. × 1. C. Lateral view of the head of the left + situated muscle. × 1. C. Lateral view of the head of the left femur and the middle part of the pelvis, showing the deepest - part of M. obturator. × 1. D. Medial view of the posteroventral + part of M. obturator. × 1. D. Medial view of the posteroventral part of the left side of the pelvis, showing the intrapelvic part - of M. obturator. × 1. E. Anterior view of the left + of M. obturator. × 1. E. Anterior view of the left tarsometatarsus, showing the dorsal intrinsic muscles of the - foot. × 1½. F. Posterior view of the left tarsometatarsus, - showing the ventral intrinsic muscles of the foot. × 1½.</span> + foot. × 1½. F. Posterior view of the left tarsometatarsus, + showing the ventral intrinsic muscles of the foot. × 1½.</span> </span> </div> <div class="pmb1"></div> @@ -3008,30 +2968,30 @@ the neural spine of the last free thoracic vertebra in some legs.</p> <span class="caption"> <span style="font-size:.9em"><span class="smcap">Fig. 20.</span> A-D. Dorsal views of M. iliotrochantericus - medius, showing its relationship to femoral notch. × 1. In D, + medius, showing its relationship to femoral notch. × 1. In D, note absence of femoral notch and location of branch of femoral nerve. A. <i>Tympanuchus pallidicinctus</i> 2L. B. <i>T. cupido pinnatus</i> 4L. C. <i>Pedioecetes phasianellus jamesi</i> 1L. D. <i>T. pallidicinctus</i> 3L.<br /> E. Medial view of distal end of M. flexor cruris medialis of - <i>P. p. jamesi</i> 4L. × 1. Part of insertion is covered by + <i>P. p. jamesi</i> 4L. × 1. Part of insertion is covered by medial collateral ligament.<br /> F,G. Lateral views of posteroproximal corner of M. extensor - iliotibialis lateralis (removed from specimen). × 1. F. + iliotibialis lateralis (removed from specimen). × 1. F. <i>T. pallidicinctus</i> 2L. G. <i>P. p. jamesi</i> 3L.<br /> - H,I. Dorsolateral views of M. piriformis. × 1. H. <i>P. + H,I. Dorsolateral views of M. piriformis. × 1. H. <i>P. p. jamesi</i> 1L. I. <i>T. cupido attwateri</i> 1L.<br /> J. Lateral view of M. caudofemoralis pars caudifemoralis - (removed from specimen) of <i>T. c. pinnatus</i> 4L. × 1. + (removed from specimen) of <i>T. c. pinnatus</i> 4L. × 1. K. Lateral view of extrapelvic part of M. obturator of - <i>T. pallidicinctus</i> 3L (bones not shown). × 2.<br /> + <i>T. pallidicinctus</i> 3L (bones not shown). × 2.<br /> L,M. Region surrounding obturator foramen of <i>T. pallidicinctus</i> 3L, showing points of attachment of three - parts of M. obturator (muscles removed). × 3. L. Lateral + parts of M. obturator (muscles removed). × 3. L. Lateral view. M. Medial view.<br /> N. Anterior view of left tarsometatarsus of <i>P. p. jamesi</i> 4L, showing dorsal intrinsic muscles of foot. - × 1½. Tendon of M. extensor digitorum longus has been + × 1½. Tendon of M. extensor digitorum longus has been removed.</span> </span> </div> @@ -3738,7 +3698,7 @@ twig was not found in all legs, but was probably destroyed during dissection.</p iliofemoralis is lacking in one leg and extremely small in some others. In both legs of one specimen, the connection between M. caudofemoralis pars caudifemoralis and the raphe between Mm. flexor cruris lateralis and femorocruralis -consists of a small (11 × 2 mm.) but well developed and entirely +consists of a small (11 × 2 mm.) but well developed and entirely fleshy muscle slip (<a href="#Fig_16">Fig. 16</a>). In one leg, the ventral third of this connection is fleshy, the remainder tendinous; in another, this connection is completely lacking.</p> @@ -5190,7 +5150,7 @@ nerve). The individual variation is insignificant in <i>T. cupido</i> and <i>P. following description applies to P.p. 4L (<a href="#Fig_20">Fig. 20</a>N).</p> <p><span class="smcap">General Description and Relations.</span>—Small but well developed; fleshy -part 1½ × 13 mm.; proximal end narrower; on mid-anterior surface of tarsometatarsus +part 1½ × 13 mm.; proximal end narrower; on mid-anterior surface of tarsometatarsus between Mm. extensor brevis digiti IV and extensor hallucis longus and mostly proximal to M. extensor brevis digiti III; tendinous distal part superficial to latter; fleshy belly ending immediately distal to proximal end of @@ -5208,7 +5168,7 @@ to the superficial surface of M. extensor brevis digiti III.</p> <p><span class="smcap">Innervation.</span>—Not found.</p> <p><span class="smcap">Individual Variation.</span>—In P.p. 1L, the muscle is less well developed. The -fleshy belly is 1 × 5 mm. It arises from the lateral edge of M. extensor hallucis +fleshy belly is 1 × 5 mm. It arises from the lateral edge of M. extensor hallucis longus. The extremely slender insertional tendon attaches as above.</p> <p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_445" id="Page_445">[Pg 445]</a></span></p> @@ -10723,9 +10683,9 @@ Tympanuchus and Pedioecetes</span> <td align="center" valign="top"><span style="font-size:.8em"> </span></td> <td align="right" valign="top"><span style="font-size:.8em">1933.</span></td> <td align="left" valign="top"><span style="font-size:.8em"> - Kreuzbein, Becken und Plexus Lumbosacralis der Vögel. Det + Kreuzbein, Becken und Plexus Lumbosacralis der Vögel. Det Kongelige Danske Videnskabernes Selskabs Skrifter. - Naturvidenskabelig og Mathematisk Afdeling. 9. række, 5(l):l-74, 15 + Naturvidenskabelig og Mathematisk Afdeling. 9. række, 5(l):l-74, 15 pls.</span></td> </tr> <tr> @@ -10736,7 +10696,7 @@ Tympanuchus and Pedioecetes</span> <td align="center" valign="top"><span style="font-size:.8em"> </span></td> <td align="right" valign="top"><span style="font-size:.8em">1884.</span></td> <td align="left" valign="top"><span style="font-size:.8em"> - Beiträge zur Kenntniss der Anatomie der Schwimmvögel. Bihang + Beiträge zur Kenntniss der Anatomie der Schwimmvögel. Bihang till K. Svenska Vetenskapsakad. Handlingar, 9(3):l-44, 5 pls.</span></td> </tr> <tr> @@ -10793,7 +10753,7 @@ Tympanuchus and Pedioecetes</span> <td align="center" valign="top"><span style="font-size:.8em"> </span></td> <td align="right" valign="top"><span style="font-size:.8em">1891.</span></td> <td align="left" valign="top"><span style="font-size:.8em"> - Vögel. I. Anatomischer Theil. _In_ Bronn's Klassen und + Vögel. I. Anatomischer Theil. _In_ Bronn's Klassen und Ordnungen des Their-Reichs, 6(4):1-1008. Winter, Leipzig.</span></td> </tr> <tr> @@ -10870,7 +10830,7 @@ Tympanuchus and Pedioecetes</span> <td align="right" valign="top"><span style="font-size:.8em">1873.</span></td> <td align="left" valign="top"><span style="font-size:.8em"> Vergelijkende myologische en neurologische Studien over - Amphibien en Vögels. van Doesburgh, Leiden, 148 pp., 4 pls.</span></td> + Amphibien en Vögels. van Doesburgh, Leiden, 148 pp., 4 pls.</span></td> </tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" align="left"><span style="font-weight:normal; font-size:.8em"> @@ -10915,8 +10875,8 @@ Tympanuchus and Pedioecetes</span> <td align="center" valign="top"><span style="font-size:.8em"> </span></td> <td align="right" valign="top"><span style="font-size:.8em">1913.</span></td> <td align="left" valign="top"><span style="font-size:.8em"> - Untersuchungen über das Synsacrum und den Schwanz von <i>Gallus - domesticus</i> nebst Beobachtungen über Schwanzlosigkeit bei Kaulhühnern. + Untersuchungen über das Synsacrum und den Schwanz von <i>Gallus + domesticus</i> nebst Beobachtungen über Schwanzlosigkeit bei Kaulhühnern. Jenaische Zeitschr. Naturw., 49:149-312, 3 pls.</span></td> </tr> <tr> @@ -11022,7 +10982,7 @@ Tympanuchus and Pedioecetes</span> <td align="right" valign="top"><span style="font-size:.8em"> </span></td> <td align="right" valign="top"><span style="font-size:.8em">20.</span></td> <td align="left" valign="top"><span style="font-size:.8em"> - Small carnivores from San Josecito Cave (Pleistocene), Nuevo León, México. + Small carnivores from San Josecito Cave (Pleistocene), Nuevo León, México. By E. Raymond Hall. Pp. 531-538, 1 figure in text. January 14, 1960.</span></td> </tr> <tr> @@ -11031,7 +10991,7 @@ Tympanuchus and Pedioecetes</span> <td align="right" valign="top"><span style="font-size:.8em"> </span></td> <td align="right" valign="top"><span style="font-size:.8em">21.</span></td> <td align="left" valign="top"><span style="font-size:.8em"> - Pleistocene pocket gophers from San Josecito Cave, Nuevo León, México. + Pleistocene pocket gophers from San Josecito Cave, Nuevo León, México. By Robert J. Russell. Pp. 539-548, 1 figure in text. January 14, 1960.</span></td> </tr> <tr> @@ -11137,7 +11097,7 @@ Tympanuchus and Pedioecetes</span> <td align="right" valign="top"><span style="font-size:.8em"> </span></td> <td align="right" valign="top"><span style="font-size:.8em">9.</span></td> <td align="left" valign="top"><span style="font-size:.8em"> - A new subspecies of lizard, Cnemidophorus sacki, from Michoacán, México. By William E. Duellman. Pp. 587-598, 2 + A new subspecies of lizard, Cnemidophorus sacki, from Michoacán, México. By William E. Duellman. Pp. 587-598, 2 figures in text. May 2, 1960.</span></td> </tr> <tr> @@ -11225,7 +11185,7 @@ Tympanuchus and Pedioecetes</span> <td align="right" valign="top"><span style="font-size:.8em"> </span></td> <td align="right" valign="top"><span style="font-size:.8em">7.</span></td> <td align="left" valign="top"><span style="font-size:.8em"> - Vertebrates from the barrier island of Tamaulipas, México. + Vertebrates from the barrier island of Tamaulipas, México. By Robert K. Selander, Richard F. Johnston, B. J. Wilks, and Gerald G. Raun. Pp. 309-345, pls. 5-8. June 18, 1962.</span></td> </tr> @@ -11273,7 +11233,7 @@ Tympanuchus and Pedioecetes</span> <td align="right" valign="top"><span style="font-size:.8em">2.</span></td> <td align="left" valign="top"><span style="font-size:.8em"> A distributional study of the amphibians of the Isthmus of - Tehuantepec, México. By William E. Duellman. Pp. 19-72, pls. + Tehuantepec, México. By William E. Duellman. Pp. 19-72, pls. 1-8, 3 figures in text. August 16, 1960.</span></td> </tr> <tr> @@ -11283,7 +11243,7 @@ Tympanuchus and Pedioecetes</span> <td align="right" valign="top"><span style="font-size:.8em">3.</span></td> <td align="left" valign="top"><span style="font-size:.8em"> A new subspecies of the slider turtle (Pseudemys scripta) - from Coahulia, México. By John M. Legler. Pp. 73-84, pls. + from Coahulia, México. By John M. Legler. Pp. 73-84, pls. 9-12, 3 figures in text. August 16, 1960.</span></td> </tr> <tr> @@ -11567,7 +11527,7 @@ Tympanuchus and Pedioecetes</span> <td align="right" valign="top"><span style="font-size:.8em">15.</span></td> <td align="right" valign="top"><span style="font-size:.8em">1.</span></td> <td align="left" valign="top"><span style="font-size:.8em"> - The amphibians and reptiles of Michoacán, Mexico. By William + The amphibians and reptiles of Michoacán, Mexico. By William E. Duellman. Pp. 1-148, pls. 1-6, 11 figures in text. December 20, 1961.</span></td> </tr> @@ -11608,7 +11568,7 @@ Tympanuchus and Pedioecetes</span> <td align="right" valign="top"><span style="font-size:.8em">5.</span></td> <td align="left" valign="top"><span style="font-size:.8em"> Amphibians and Reptiles of the Rainforests of Southern El - Petén, Guatemala. By William E. Duellman. Pp. 205-249, pls. + Petén, Guatemala. By William E. Duellman. Pp. 205-249, pls. 7-10, 6 figures in text. October 4, 1963.</span></td> </tr> <tr> @@ -11646,387 +11606,6 @@ Transcriber's note:<br /> - List of Illustrations was added during transcription </div> - - - - - - - -<pre> - - - - - -End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Variation in the Muscles and Nerves of -the Leg in Two Genera of Grouse (Tympanuchus and Pedioecetes), by E. 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