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diff --git a/41811-h/41811-h.htm b/41811-h/41811-h.htm index 0fc1202..2b2ec81 100644 --- a/41811-h/41811-h.htm +++ b/41811-h/41811-h.htm @@ -2,10 +2,10 @@ "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd"> <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en" lang="en"> <head> - <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html;charset=iso-8859-1" /> + <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html;charset=UTF-8" /> <meta http-equiv="Content-Style-Type" content="text/css" /> <title> - The Project Gutenberg eBook of Life of Thomas à Becket, by Henry Hart Milman, D.D. + The Project Gutenberg eBook of Life of Thomas à Becket, by Henry Hart Milman, D.D. </title> <link rel="coverpage" href="images/cover.jpg" /> <style type="text/css"> @@ -230,46 +230,7 @@ i.attribution {font-style: italic;} </style> </head> <body> - - -<pre> - -The Project Gutenberg EBook of Life of Thomas à Becket, by Henry Hart Milman - -This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with -almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or -re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included -with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org - - -Title: Life of Thomas à Becket - -Author: Henry Hart Milman - -Release Date: January 10, 2013 [EBook #41811] - -Language: English - -Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1 - -*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK LIFE OF THOMAS À BECKET *** - - - - -Produced by sp1nd, Charlie Howard, and the Online -Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This -file was produced from images generously made available -by The Internet Archive) - - - - - - -</pre> - - +<div>*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK 41811 ***</div> <div class="transnote"> <p>Transcriber's note: This eBook contains sidenotes. Their appearance varies, depending upon @@ -281,7 +242,7 @@ work for further information.</p> <h1>Life of<br /> -<span class="smcap large">Thomas à Becket</span>.<br /> +<span class="smcap large">Thomas à Becket</span>.<br /> <span class="xsmall">BY</span><br /> @@ -300,7 +261,7 @@ work for further information.</p> <h2>CONTENTS</h2> <p class="in0"> <a href="#EDITORS_PREFACE">Editor's Preface</a><br /> -<a href="#LIFE_OF">Life of Thomas à Becket</a><br /> +<a href="#LIFE_OF">Life of Thomas à Becket</a><br /> <a href="#FOOTNOTES">Footnotes</a></p> </div></div> @@ -312,7 +273,7 @@ work for further information.</p> <p><span class="smcap">Perhaps</span> the chapter of English history fullest of romantic interest, is that containing -the life of Thomas à Becket. In fact, +the life of Thomas à Becket. In fact, the great struggle between Becket and Henry II.,—between individual genius and sovereign power, between a subject and @@ -460,7 +421,7 @@ this favorable specimen of his work.</p> <p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_9" id="Page_9">[9]</a></span></p> -<h2 class="p4" id="LIFE_OF" >LIFE OF THOMAS À BECKET.</h2> +<h2 class="p4" id="LIFE_OF" >LIFE OF THOMAS À BECKET.</h2> <div class="sidenote">Legend.</div> @@ -2359,7 +2320,7 @@ perhaps was not distinctly informed or would not know that the exile was in his <span class="locked">dominions.<a name="FNanchor_78_78" id="FNanchor_78_78"></a><a href="#Footnote_78_78" class="fnanchor">78</a></span> He received the King's envoys with civility. The King of -France was at Compiègne. The +France was at Compiègne. The strongest passions in the feeble mind of Louis VII. were jealousy of Henry of<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_103" id="Page_103">[103]</a></span> England, and a servile bigotry to the @@ -4004,7 +3965,7 @@ failed with Gratian. He wrote to Becket requesting his presence. Becket, though he suspected Vivian, yet out of respect to the King of France, consented -to approach as near as Château Corbeil. +to approach as near as Château Corbeil. After the conference with the King of France, two petitions from Becket, in his usual tone of imperious @@ -4515,7 +4476,7 @@ one so much in the royal confidence was the best protector of the Archbishop. The money which had been promised for his voyage was not paid;<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_212" id="Page_212">[212]</a></span> -he was forced to borrow £300 of the +he was forced to borrow £300 of the Archbishop of Rouen. He went, as he felt, or affected to feel, with death before his eyes, yet nothing should now @@ -4819,8 +4780,8 @@ do you hold your archbishopric?" "My spirituals from God and the Pope,<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_226" id="Page_226">[226]</a></span> my temporals from the King." "Do you not hold all from the King?" -"Render unto Cæsar the things that -are Cæsar's, and unto God the things +"Render unto Cæsar the things that +are Cæsar's, and unto God the things that are God's." "You speak in peril of your life!" "Come ye to murder me? I defy you, and will meet you @@ -5266,7 +5227,7 @@ besides fragments, legends, and "Passions." Dr. Giles has reprinted, and in some respects enlarged, those works from the authority of MSS. I give them in the order of his volumes. I. -Vita Sancti Thomæ. Auctore Edward Grim. +Vita Sancti Thomæ. Auctore Edward Grim. II. Auctore Roger de Pontiniaco. III. Auctore Willelmo Filio Stephani. IV. Auctoribus Joanne Decano Salisburiensi, et Alano Abbate @@ -5315,7 +5276,7 @@ M. Thierry.</p></div> that many Norman merchants were allured to London by the greater mercantile prosperity, proceeds: "<span xml:lang="la" lang="la">Ex horum numero fuit Gilbertus -quidam cognomento Becket, patriâ Rotomagensis +quidam cognomento Becket, patriâ Rotomagensis .... habuit autem uxorem, nomine Roseam natione Cadomensem, genere burgensium quoque non disparem</span>."—Apud Giles, ii. p. 73.</p></div> @@ -5329,7 +5290,7 @@ non disparem</span>."—Apud Giles, ii. p. 73.</p></div> <p><a name="Footnote_7_7" id="Footnote_7_7"></a><a href="#FNanchor_7_7"><span class="label">[7]</span></a> "<span xml:lang="la" lang="la">Quod si ad generis mei radicem et progenitores meos intenderis, cives quidem fuerunt Londonienses, in medio concivium suorum habitantes -sine querelâ, nec omnino infimi.</span>"—Epist. +sine querelâ, nec omnino infimi.</span>"—Epist. 130.</p></div> <div class="footnote"> @@ -5342,8 +5303,8 @@ sine querelâ, nec omnino infimi.</span>"—Epist. <div class="footnote"> -<p><a name="Footnote_10_10" id="Footnote_10_10"></a><a href="#FNanchor_10_10"><span class="label">[10]</span></a> "<span xml:lang="la" lang="la">Eo familiarius, quod præfatus Gilbertus -cum domino archipræsule de propinquitate et +<p><a name="Footnote_10_10" id="Footnote_10_10"></a><a href="#FNanchor_10_10"><span class="label">[10]</span></a> "<span xml:lang="la" lang="la">Eo familiarius, quod præfatus Gilbertus +cum domino archipræsule de propinquitate et genere loquebatur: ut ille <i class="emphasis">ortu Normannus</i> et circa Thierici villam de equestri ordine natu vicinus.</span>"—Fitz-Stephen, p. 184. Thiersy or @@ -5365,7 +5326,7 @@ of loftier character and morals.—P. 184.</p></div> <div class="footnote"> -<p><a name="Footnote_14_14" id="Footnote_14_14"></a><a href="#FNanchor_14_14"><span class="label">[14]</span></a> "Plurimæ ecclesiæ, præbendæ nonnullæ." +<p><a name="Footnote_14_14" id="Footnote_14_14"></a><a href="#FNanchor_14_14"><span class="label">[14]</span></a> "Plurimæ ecclesiæ, præbendæ nonnullæ." Among the livings were one in Kent, and St. Mary le Strand; among the prebends, two at London and Lincoln. The archdeaconry of Canterbury @@ -5388,17 +5349,17 @@ Salisbury: "<span xml:lang="la" lang="la">Erat enim in suspectu adolescentia regis et juvenum et pravorum hominum, quorum conciliis agi videbatur ... insipientiam et malitiam formidabat ... cancellarium -procurabat in curiâ ordinari, cujus ope et operâ -novi regis ne sæviret in ecclesiam, impetum +procurabat in curiâ ordinari, cujus ope et operâ +novi regis ne sæviret in ecclesiam, impetum cohiberet et consilii sui temperaret malitiam.</span>"—Apud Giles, p. 321. This is repeated in almost the same words by William of Canterbury, vol. ii. p. 2. Compare what may be read almost as the dying admonitions of Theobald to -the king: "<span xml:lang="la" lang="la">Suggerunt vobis filii sæculi hujus, -ut ecclesiæ minuatis auctoritatem, ut vobis regni +the king: "<span xml:lang="la" lang="la">Suggerunt vobis filii sæculi hujus, +ut ecclesiæ minuatis auctoritatem, ut vobis regni dignitas augeatur.</span>" He had before said, "Cui -deest gratia Ecclesiæ, tota creatrix Trinitas adversatur."—Apud +deest gratia Ecclesiæ, tota creatrix Trinitas adversatur."—Apud Boquet, xvi. p. 504. Also Roger de Pontigny, p. 101.</p></div> @@ -5422,9 +5383,9 @@ de Pontigny, p. 96.</p></div> <p><a name="Footnote_21_21" id="Footnote_21_21"></a><a href="#FNanchor_21_21"><span class="label">[21]</span></a> Roger de Pontigny, p. 104. His character by John of Salisbury is remarkable: "<span xml:lang="la" lang="la">Erat -supra modum captator auræ popularis ... +supra modum captator auræ popularis ... etsi superbus esset et vanus et interdum faciem -prætendebat insipienter amantium et verba proferret, +prætendebat insipienter amantium et verba proferret, admirandus tamen et imitandus erat in corporis castitate.</span>"—P. 320. See an adventure related by William of Canterbury, p. 3.</p></div> @@ -5468,7 +5429,7 @@ punishment of his guilt. "<span xml:lang="la" lang="la">Tamen quia eum ministrum fuisse iniquitatis non ambigo, jure optimo taliter arbitror puniendum ut eo potissimum puniatur auctore, quem in talibus Deo -bonorum omnium auctori præferebat.... +bonorum omnium auctori præferebat.... Sed esto; nunc pœnitentiam agit, agnoscit et confitetur culpam pro ea, et si cum Saulo quandoque ecclesiam impugnavit, nunc, cum Paulo @@ -5588,8 +5549,8 @@ the choir, as he had done, in a secular dress.—p. <p><a name="Footnote_40_40" id="Footnote_40_40"></a><a href="#FNanchor_40_40"><span class="label">[40]</span></a> Compare the letter of the politic Arnulf, Bishop of Lisieux: "<span xml:lang="la" lang="la">Si enim favori divino favorem -præferritis humanum, poteratis non solum -cum summâ tranquillitate degere, sed ipso etiam +præferritis humanum, poteratis non solum +cum summâ tranquillitate degere, sed ipso etiam magis quam olim, Principe conregnare.</span>"—Apud Bouquet, xvi. p. 229.</p></div> @@ -5614,7 +5575,7 @@ afterwards one of his most active enemies.</p></div> of murder or robbery should be degraded before he was hanged, but hanged he should be. The archbishop insisted that he should be safe "a -<span xml:lang="la" lang="la">læsione membrorum</span>." Degradation was in +<span xml:lang="la" lang="la">læsione membrorum</span>." Degradation was in itself so dreadful a punishment, that to hang also for the same crime was a double penalty. "If he returned to his vomit," after degradation, @@ -5623,7 +5584,7 @@ also for the same crime was a double penalty. <div class="footnote"> <p><a name="Footnote_44_44" id="Footnote_44_44"></a><a href="#FNanchor_44_44"><span class="label">[44]</span></a> "<span xml:lang="la" lang="la">De novo judicatur Christus ante Pilatum -præsidem.</span>"—De Bosham, p. 117.</p></div> +præsidem.</span>"—De Bosham, p. 117.</p></div> <div class="footnote"> @@ -5635,11 +5596,11 @@ præsidem.</span>"—De Bosham, p. 117.</p></div> stated by Herbert de Bosham, the follower, almost the worshiper of Becket, is remarkable. "<span xml:lang="la" lang="la">Arctabatur itaque rex, arctabatur et pontifex. -Rex etenim populi sui pacem, sicut archipræsul +Rex etenim populi sui pacem, sicut archipræsul cleri sui zelans libertatem, audiens sic et videns et ad multorum relationes et querimonias accipiens, per hujuscemodi castigationes, talium -clericorum immo verius caracterizatorum, dæmonum +clericorum immo verius caracterizatorum, dæmonum flagitia non reprimi vel potius indies per regnum deterius fieri.</span>" He proceeds to state at length the argument on both sides. Another @@ -5683,7 +5644,7 @@ p. 209, <i class="abbreviation" xml:lang="la" lang="la">et seq.</i></p></div> <div class="footnote"> <p><a name="Footnote_51_51" id="Footnote_51_51"></a><a href="#FNanchor_51_51"><span class="label">[51]</span></a> "<span xml:lang="la" lang="la">Dicens se observaturos regias consuetudines -bonâ fide.</span>"</p></div> +bonâ fide.</span>"</p></div> <div class="footnote"> @@ -5702,8 +5663,8 @@ and Edward Grim writes thus: "<span xml:lang="la" lang="la">Nam domestici regis, dato consentiente consilio, securem fecerant archepiscopum, quod <i class="emphasis">nunquam scriberentur</i> leges, nunquam illarum fieret recordatio, -si eum verbo tantum in audientiâ procerum -honorâsset,</span>" &c.—P. 31.</p></div> +si eum verbo tantum in audientiâ procerum +honorâsset,</span>" &c.—P. 31.</p></div> <div class="footnote"> @@ -5762,7 +5723,7 @@ modesty; to seek rather than avoid intercourse with the king.—Apud Giles, iv. 240; Bouquet, p. 210. See also the letter of John, Bishop of Poitiers, who says of the Pope, "<span xml:lang="la" lang="la">Gravi redimit -pœnitentiâ, illam qualem qualem quam Eboracensi +pœnitentiâ, illam qualem qualem quam Eboracensi (fecerit), concessionem.</span>"—Bouquet, p. 214.</p></div> @@ -5820,10 +5781,10 @@ be difficult or inconvenient to produce.</p></div> <p><a name="Footnote_70_70" id="Footnote_70_70"></a><a href="#FNanchor_70_70"><span class="label">[70]</span></a> In an account of this affair, written later, Becket accuses Foliot of aspiring to the primacy—"<span xml:lang="la" lang="la">et -qui adspirabant ad fastigium ecclesiæ +qui adspirabant ad fastigium ecclesiæ Cantuarensis, ut vulgo dicitur et creditur, in -nostram perniciem, utinam minus ambitiosè, -quam avidè.</span>" This could be none but Foliot.—Epist. +nostram perniciem, utinam minus ambitiosè, +quam avidè.</span>" This could be none but Foliot.—Epist. lxxv. p. 154.</p></div> <div class="footnote"> @@ -5847,12 +5808,12 @@ expugnaris, turpissimum.</span>"—p. 146.</p></div> <div class="footnote"> -<p><a name="Footnote_73_73" id="Footnote_73_73"></a><a href="#FNanchor_73_73"><span class="label">[73]</span></a> "<span xml:lang="la" lang="la">Dicebant enim episcopi, quod adhuc, ipsâ -die, intra decem dies datæ sententiæ, eos ad +<p><a name="Footnote_73_73" id="Footnote_73_73"></a><a href="#FNanchor_73_73"><span class="label">[73]</span></a> "<span xml:lang="la" lang="la">Dicebant enim episcopi, quod adhuc, ipsâ +die, intra decem dies datæ sententiæ, eos ad dominum Papam appellaverat, et ne de cetero -eum judicarent pro seculari querelâ, quæ de -tempore ante archipræsulatum ei moveretur, -auctoritate domini Papæ prohibuit.</span>"—Fitz-Stephen, +eum judicarent pro seculari querelâ, quæ de +tempore ante archipræsulatum ei moveretur, +auctoritate domini Papæ prohibuit.</span>"—Fitz-Stephen, p. 230.</p></div> <div class="footnote"> @@ -5906,13 +5867,13 @@ p. 217.</p></div> <p><a name="Footnote_81_81" id="Footnote_81_81"></a><a href="#FNanchor_81_81"><span class="label">[81]</span></a> Becket writes from England to the Pope: "<span xml:lang="la" lang="la">Quod petimus, summo silentio petimus occultari. Nihil enim nobis tutum est, quum omnia -ferè referuntur ad regem, quæ nobis in conclavi +ferè referuntur ad regem, quæ nobis in conclavi vel in aurem dicuntur.</span>" There is a significant clause at the end of this letter, which implies that the emissaries of the Church did not confine themselves to Church affairs: "<span xml:lang="la" lang="la">De Wallensibus et Oweno, qui se principem nominat, <i class="emphasis">provideatis</i>, -quia Dominus Rex super hoc maximè +quia Dominus Rex super hoc maximè motus est et indignatus.</span>" The Welsh were in arms against the King: this borders on high treason.—Apud Giles, iii. 1. Bouquet, 221.</p></div> @@ -5925,7 +5886,7 @@ monkish, or rather for Roman, ears.</p></div> <div class="footnote"> <p><a name="Footnote_83_83" id="Footnote_83_83"></a><a href="#FNanchor_83_83"><span class="label">[83]</span></a> According to Roger of Pontigny, there -were some of them "<span xml:lang="la" lang="la">qui acceptâ a rege pecuniâ +were some of them "<span xml:lang="la" lang="la">qui acceptâ a rege pecuniâ partes ejus fovebant</span>," particularly William of Pavia.—p. 153.</p></div> @@ -6026,7 +5987,7 @@ iv. 187. Bouquet, 226.</p></div> <div class="footnote"> -<p><a name="Footnote_94_94" id="Footnote_94_94"></a><a href="#FNanchor_94_94"><span class="label">[94]</span></a> "<span xml:lang="la" lang="la">Præcepit enim publicè et <i class="emphasis">compulit</i> per +<p><a name="Footnote_94_94" id="Footnote_94_94"></a><a href="#FNanchor_94_94"><span class="label">[94]</span></a> "<span xml:lang="la" lang="la">Præcepit enim publicè et <i class="emphasis">compulit</i> per vicos, per castella, per civitates ab homine sene usque ab puerum duodenum beati Petri successorem Alexandrum abjurare.</span>" William of Canterbury @@ -6123,7 +6084,7 @@ Giles, vi. 5. Bouquet, 215.</p></div> <p><a name="Footnote_106_106" id="Footnote_106_106"></a><a href="#FNanchor_106_106"><span class="label">[106]</span></a> The curious History of the Monastery of Vezelay, by Hugh of Poitiers (translated in Guizot, -Collection des Mémoires), though it twice mentions +Collection des Mémoires), though it twice mentions Becket, stops just short of this excommunication, 1166. Vezelay boasted to be subject only to the See of Rome, to have been made by @@ -6142,31 +6103,31 @@ age.</p></div> <p><a name="Footnote_107_107" id="Footnote_107_107"></a><a href="#FNanchor_107_107"><span class="label">[107]</span></a> A modern traveller thus writes of the church of Vezelay: "<span xml:lang="fr" lang="fr">On voit par le choix des -sujets qui ont un sens, quel était l'esprit du -temps et la manière d'interpréter la religion. -Ce n'était pas par la douceur ou la persuasion +sujets qui ont un sens, quel était l'esprit du +temps et la manière d'interpréter la religion. +Ce n'était pas par la douceur ou la persuasion qu'on voulait convertir, mais bien par la terreur. -Les discours des prêtres pourraient se résumer -en ce peu de mots: 'Croyez, ou sinon vous périssez -misérablement, et vous serez éternellement -tourmentés dans l'autre monde!' De leur côté -les artistes, gens religieux, ecclésiastiques même -pour la plupart, donnaient une forme réelle aux -sombres images que leur inspirait un zèle farouche. -Je ne trouve à Vezelay aucun de ces -sujets que les ames tendres aimeraient à retracer, -tels que le pardon accordé au repentir, la récompense +Les discours des prêtres pourraient se résumer +en ce peu de mots: 'Croyez, ou sinon vous périssez +misérablement, et vous serez éternellement +tourmentés dans l'autre monde!' De leur côté +les artistes, gens religieux, ecclésiastiques même +pour la plupart, donnaient une forme réelle aux +sombres images que leur inspirait un zèle farouche. +Je ne trouve à Vezelay aucun de ces +sujets que les ames tendres aimeraient à retracer, +tels que le pardon accordé au repentir, la récompense du juste, &c.; mais au contraire, je -vois Samuel égorgeant Agag; des diables écartelant -des damnés, ou les entraînant dans l'abîme; +vois Samuel égorgeant Agag; des diables écartelant +des damnés, ou les entraînant dans l'abîme; puis des animaux horribles, des monstres hideux, -des têtes grimaçantes exprimant ou les souffrances -des reprouvés, ou la joie des habitans de l'enfer. -Qu'on se représente la dévotion des hommes -élevés au milieu de ces images, et l'on s'étonnera +des têtes grimaçantes exprimant ou les souffrances +des reprouvés, ou la joie des habitans de l'enfer. +Qu'on se représente la dévotion des hommes +élevés au milieu de ces images, et l'on s'étonnera moins des massacres des Albigeois.</span>"—Notes d'un Voyage dans le Midi de la France, par Prosper -Merimée, p. 43.</p></div> +Merimée, p. 43.</p></div> <div class="footnote"> @@ -6186,8 +6147,8 @@ day), had been tenfold more awful.</p></div> <p><a name="Footnote_109_109" id="Footnote_109_109"></a><a href="#FNanchor_109_109"><span class="label">[109]</span></a> See the curious letter of Nicolas de Monte Rotomagensi, Giles iv., Bouquet, 250. This measure of Becket was imputed by the Archbishop -of Rheims to pride or anger ("extollentiæ -aut iræ"): it made an unfavorable impression +of Rheims to pride or anger ("extollentiæ +aut iræ"): it made an unfavorable impression on the Empress Matilda.—Ibid.</p></div> <div class="footnote"> @@ -6210,7 +6171,7 @@ on the Empress Matilda.—Ibid.</p></div> <p><a name="Footnote_114_114" id="Footnote_114_114"></a><a href="#FNanchor_114_114"><span class="label">[114]</span></a> "<span xml:lang="la" lang="la">Non indignetur itaque Dominus noster deferre illis, quibus summus omnium deferre -non dedignatur, Deos appellans eos sæpius in +non dedignatur, Deos appellans eos sæpius in sacris literis. Sic enim dixit, 'Ego dixit, Dii estis,' et 'Constituti te Deum Pharaonis,' et 'Deis non detrahere.'</span>"—Epist. Giles, iii. p. 287; @@ -6225,8 +6186,8 @@ v. p. 265. Lyttelton in Appendice.</p></div> <div class="footnote"> -<p><a name="Footnote_116_116" id="Footnote_116_116"></a><a href="#FNanchor_116_116"><span class="label">[116]</span></a> "<span xml:lang="la" lang="la">Hæc est Domini regis toto orbe declamata -crudelitas, hæc ab eo persecutio, hæc operum +<p><a name="Footnote_116_116" id="Footnote_116_116"></a><a href="#FNanchor_116_116"><span class="label">[116]</span></a> "<span xml:lang="la" lang="la">Hæc est Domini regis toto orbe declamata +crudelitas, hæc ab eo persecutio, hæc operum ejus perversorum rumusculis undique divulgata malignitas.</span>"—Giles, vi. 190; Bouquet, 265.</p></div> @@ -6278,7 +6239,7 @@ Bouquet, 309.</p></div> <div class="footnote"> <p><a name="Footnote_121_121" id="Footnote_121_121"></a><a href="#FNanchor_121_121"><span class="label">[121]</span></a> He was crowned in Rome August 1. Compare -next chapter—Sismondi, Républiques +next chapter—Sismondi, Républiques Italiennes, ii. ch. x.; Von Raumer, ii. p. 209, &c.</p></div> <div class="footnote"> @@ -6291,7 +6252,7 @@ announcing the appointment, December 20.</p></div> <div class="footnote"> <p><a name="Footnote_123_123" id="Footnote_123_123"></a><a href="#FNanchor_123_123"><span class="label">[123]</span></a> "<span xml:lang="la" lang="la">Si non omnia secundum beneplacitum -succedant, ad præsens dissimulet.</span>"—Giles, vi. 15; +succedant, ad præsens dissimulet.</span>"—Giles, vi. 15; Bouquet, 277.</p></div> <div class="footnote"> @@ -6332,12 +6293,12 @@ levis est et mutabilis, alter dolosus et fraudulentus, uterque cupidus et avarus: et ideo de facili munera cœnabunt eos et ad omnem injustitiam incurvabunt. Audito eorum detestando adventu -formidare cæpi præsentiam eorum causæ vestræ +formidare cæpi præsentiam eorum causæ vestræ multum nocituram; et ne vestro et vestrorum -sanguine gratiam Regis Angliæ redimere non +sanguine gratiam Regis Angliæ redimere non erubescant.</span>" He refers with great joy to the insurrection of the Saxons against the Emperor. -He says elsewhere of Henry of Pisa, "<span xml:lang="la" lang="la">Vir bonæ +He says elsewhere of Henry of Pisa, "<span xml:lang="la" lang="la">Vir bonæ opinionis est, sed Romanus et Cardinalis.</span>"—Epist. cc. ii.</p></div> @@ -6389,12 +6350,12 @@ viii. p. 268.</p></div> <div class="footnote"> <p><a name="Footnote_134_134" id="Footnote_134_134"></a><a href="#FNanchor_134_134"><span class="label">[134]</span></a> "<span xml:lang="la" lang="la">Credimus non esse juri consentaneum, -nos ejus subire judicium vel examen qui quærit +nos ejus subire judicium vel examen qui quærit sibi facere commercium de sanguine nostro, de -pretio utinam non iniquitatis, quærit sibi nomen +pretio utinam non iniquitatis, quærit sibi nomen et gloriam.</span>"—D. Thom. Epist. Giles, iii. p. 15. -The two legates are described as "<span xml:lang="la" lang="la">plus avaritiæ -quam justitiæ studiosi</span>."—W. Cant. p. 21.</p></div> +The two legates are described as "<span xml:lang="la" lang="la">plus avaritiæ +quam justitiæ studiosi</span>."—W. Cant. p. 21.</p></div> <div class="footnote"> @@ -6489,9 +6450,9 @@ the King of France.—Giles, iv. p. 25, p. <div class="footnote"> <p><a name="Footnote_151_151" id="Footnote_151_151"></a><a href="#FNanchor_151_151"><span class="label">[151]</span></a> "<span xml:lang="la" lang="la">Sed quid? Nobis ita consilium suspendentibus -et hæsitantibus quid agendum a pacis -mediatoribus, multis et magnis viris, et præsertim -qui inter ipsos a viris religiosis et aliis archipræsuli +et hæsitantibus quid agendum a pacis +mediatoribus, multis et magnis viris, et præsertim +qui inter ipsos a viris religiosis et aliis archipræsuli amicissimis et familiarissimis, adeo sicut et supra diximus, suasus, tractus et impulsus est, ut haberetur persuasus.</span>"—De Bosham, @@ -6500,7 +6461,7 @@ p. 268.</p></div> <div class="footnote"> <p><a name="Footnote_152_152" id="Footnote_152_152"></a><a href="#FNanchor_152_152"><span class="label">[152]</span></a> "<span xml:lang="la" lang="la">Sed mox adjecit, quod nec rex nec pacis -mediatores, vel alii, vel etiam sui propriè æstimaverunt, +mediatores, vel alii, vel etiam sui propriè æstimaverunt, ut adjiceret videlicet 'Salvo honore Dei.'</span>"—De Bosham, p. 262. In his account to the Pope of this meeting, Becket suppresses his @@ -6525,7 +6486,7 @@ iv. p. 166.</p></div> <div class="footnote"> -<p><a name="Footnote_155_155" id="Footnote_155_155"></a><a href="#FNanchor_155_155"><span class="label">[155]</span></a> "<span xml:lang="la" lang="la">Nunc præter ecclesiæ causam, expressam +<p><a name="Footnote_155_155" id="Footnote_155_155"></a><a href="#FNanchor_155_155"><span class="label">[155]</span></a> "<span xml:lang="la" lang="la">Nunc præter ecclesiæ causam, expressam ipsius etiam Dei causam agebamus.</span>"—De Bosham, 272.</p></div> @@ -6551,9 +6512,9 @@ ipsius etiam Dei causam agebamus.</span>"—De Bosham, <div class="footnote"> -<p><a name="Footnote_161_161" id="Footnote_161_161"></a><a href="#FNanchor_161_161"><span class="label">[161]</span></a> "<span xml:lang="la" lang="la">Et quod omnes Romanos datâ pecuniâ inducant -ut faciant fidelitatem domino Papæ, dummodo -in nostrâ dejectione regis Angliæ satisfaciat +<p><a name="Footnote_161_161" id="Footnote_161_161"></a><a href="#FNanchor_161_161"><span class="label">[161]</span></a> "<span xml:lang="la" lang="la">Et quod omnes Romanos datâ pecuniâ inducant +ut faciant fidelitatem domino Papæ, dummodo +in nostrâ dejectione regis Angliæ satisfaciat voluntati.</span>"—Epist. ad Humbold. Card. Giles, iii. 123. Bouquet, 350. Compare Lambeth, on the effect of Italian affairs on the conduct @@ -6612,7 +6573,7 @@ iii. 299. Bouquet, 379.</p></div> <p><a name="Footnote_171_171" id="Footnote_171_171"></a><a href="#FNanchor_171_171"><span class="label">[171]</span></a> "<span xml:lang="la" lang="la">Ceteras vestras recepimus, et ipsas adhuc penes nos habemus, in quibus terram nostram -et personas regni a præfata Cantuarensis potestate +et personas regni a præfata Cantuarensis potestate eximebatis, donec ipse in gratiam nostram rediisset.</span>"—Epist. Giles, vi. 291. Bouquet, 374.</p></div> @@ -6649,7 +6610,7 @@ Bouquet, 391.</p></div> <div class="footnote"> <p><a name="Footnote_176_176" id="Footnote_176_176"></a><a href="#FNanchor_176_176"><span class="label">[176]</span></a> Becket writes to the Pope, January 1170. -"<span xml:lang="la" lang="la">Nec vos oportet de cætero vereri, ne transeat +"<span xml:lang="la" lang="la">Nec vos oportet de cætero vereri, ne transeat ad schismaticos, quod sic eum Christus in manu famuli sui, regis Francorum subegit, ut ab obsequio ejus non possit amplius separari.</span>"—p. 48.</p></div> @@ -6708,10 +6669,10 @@ and brought into the exchequer.</p></div> <div class="footnote"> <p><a name="Footnote_186_186" id="Footnote_186_186"></a><a href="#FNanchor_186_186"><span class="label">[186]</span></a> Epist. Giles, iii. 96; Bouquet, 416; Giles, -iii. 108; Bouquet, 419. "<span xml:lang="la" lang="la">Sed pro eâ mori +iii. 108; Bouquet, 419. "<span xml:lang="la" lang="la">Sed pro eâ mori parati sumus.</span>" He adds: "<span xml:lang="la" lang="la">Insurgant qui voluerint cardinales, arment non modo regem -Angliæ, sed totum, si possent orbem in perniciem +Angliæ, sed totum, si possent orbem in perniciem nostram.... Utinam via Romana non gratis peremisset tot miseros innocentes. Quis de cetero audebit illi regi registere quem ecclesia @@ -6723,7 +6684,7 @@ exemplo pernitioso manante ad posteros.</span>"</p></div> <p><a name="Footnote_187_187" id="Footnote_187_187"></a><a href="#FNanchor_187_187"><span class="label">[187]</span></a> "<span xml:lang="la" lang="la">Nec persuadebitur mundo, quod suasores isti Deum saperent; sed potius pecuniam, quam -immoderato avaritiæ ardore sitiunt, olfecerunt.</span>"—Giles, +immoderato avaritiæ ardore sitiunt, olfecerunt.</span>"—Giles, iv. 291; Bouquet, 417.</p></div> <div class="footnote"> @@ -6784,8 +6745,8 @@ Satisque dictum fuit intelligenti.</span>"—p. 272.</p></div> <div class="footnote"> -<p><a name="Footnote_194_194" id="Footnote_194_194"></a><a href="#FNanchor_194_194"><span class="label">[194]</span></a> "<span xml:lang="la" lang="la">Nam de consuetudinibus quas tanta pervicaciâ -vindicare consueverat nec mutire præsumpsit.</span>" +<p><a name="Footnote_194_194" id="Footnote_194_194"></a><a href="#FNanchor_194_194"><span class="label">[194]</span></a> "<span xml:lang="la" lang="la">Nam de consuetudinibus quas tanta pervicaciâ +vindicare consueverat nec mutire præsumpsit.</span>" Becket was as mute. The issue of the quarrel seems entirely changed. The Constitutions of Clarendon recede, the right of coronation @@ -6814,10 +6775,10 @@ arrogance and subtlety of Becket.—Giles, iii. 77.</p></div> <p><a name="Footnote_198_198" id="Footnote_198_198"></a><a href="#FNanchor_198_198"><span class="label">[198]</span></a> Becket disclaims vengeance: "<span xml:lang="la" lang="la">Neque hoc dicimus, Deo teste, vindictam expetentes, quum -scriptum esse noverimus, non quæres ultionem +scriptum esse noverimus, non quæres ultionem ... sed ut ecclesia correctionis exemplo possit per Dei gratiam in posterum roborare, et pœna -paucorum multos ædificare.</span>"—Giles, iii. 76.</p></div> +paucorum multos ædificare.</span>"—Giles, iii. 76.</p></div> <div class="footnote"> @@ -6826,9 +6787,9 @@ paucorum multos ædificare.</span>"—Giles, iii. 76.</p></div> <div class="footnote"> <p><a name="Footnote_200_200" id="Footnote_200_200"></a><a href="#FNanchor_200_200"><span class="label">[200]</span></a> Lambeth says: "<span xml:lang="la" lang="la">Visum est autem nonnullis, -quod incircumspectè literarum vindictâ post +quod incircumspectè literarum vindictâ post pacem usus est, que <i class="emphasis">tantum pacis desperatione -fuerint datæ</i></span>"—p. 116. Compare pp. 119 +fuerint datæ</i></span>"—p. 116. Compare pp. 119 and 152.</p></div> <div class="footnote"> @@ -6858,8 +6819,8 @@ to William of Pavia.</p></div> <div class="footnote"> <p><a name="Footnote_205_205" id="Footnote_205_205"></a><a href="#FNanchor_205_205"><span class="label">[205]</span></a> "<span xml:lang="la" lang="la">Si vero ita eidem Archiepiscopo et Cantuarensi -Ecclesiæ satisfacere inveniretis, ut pœnam -istam ipse videat relaxandam, vice nostrâ +Ecclesiæ satisfacere inveniretis, ut pœnam +istam ipse videat relaxandam, vice nostrâ per illum volumus adimpleri.</span>"—Apud Bouquet, p. 461.</p></div> @@ -7043,392 +7004,16 @@ illustrations.</p> <p>Page <a href="#Page_vi">vi</a>: "18vo." changed from "18mo."</p> -<p>Footnote <a href="#Footnote_107_107">107</a>: changed "écartelent" -to "écartelant," as spelled in "History of +<p>Footnote <a href="#Footnote_107_107">107</a>: changed "écartelent" +to "écartelant," as spelled in "History of Latin Christianity" and in the cited book, "Notes d'un Voyage dans le Midi de la France." The name of the author of "Notes" appears as -"Merimée" in this book and in "History of Latin Christianity," but is -spelled "Mérimée" in that author's own book, "Notes."</p> +"Merimée" in this book and in "History of Latin Christianity," but is +spelled "Mérimée" in that author's own book, "Notes."</p> <p>Cover created by Transcriber and placed in the Public Domain.</p> </div> - - - - - - - -<pre> - - - - - -End of Project Gutenberg's Life of Thomas à Becket, by Henry Hart Milman - -*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK LIFE OF THOMAS À BECKET *** - -***** This file should be named 41811-h.htm or 41811-h.zip ***** -This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: - http://www.gutenberg.org/4/1/8/1/41811/ - -Produced by sp1nd, Charlie Howard, and the Online -Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This -file was produced from images generously made available -by The Internet Archive) - - -Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions -will be renamed. - -Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no -one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation -(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without -permission and without paying copyright royalties. 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