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diff --git a/41782-h/41782-h.htm b/41782-h/41782-h.htm index 3f877a9..7e110cd 100644 --- a/41782-h/41782-h.htm +++ b/41782-h/41782-h.htm @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd"> <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en" lang="en"> <head> - <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1" /> + <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" /> <title> The Moths of the British Isles </title> @@ -56,47 +56,7 @@ </style> </head> <body> - - -<pre> - -The Project Gutenberg EBook of The Moths of the British Isles, First Series, by -Richard South - -This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with -almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or -re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included -with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org - - -Title: The Moths of the British Isles, First Series - Comprising the Families Sphingidae to Noctuidae - -Author: Richard South - -Release Date: January 5, 2013 [EBook #41782] - -Language: English - -Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1 - -*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK MOTHS OF BRITISH ISLES, 1ST SERIES *** - - - - -Produced by Chris Curnow, Keith Edkins and the Online -Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This -file was produced from images generously made available -by The Internet Archive) - - - - - - -</pre> - +<div>*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK 41782 ***</div> <p><a name="plate1"></a></p> @@ -132,7 +92,7 @@ EDITOR OF "THE ENTOMOLOGIST," ETC.</h5> <h5 class="scac">COMPRISING</h5> -<h5><i>THE FAMILIES SPHINGIDÆ TO NOCTUIDÆ</i></h5> +<h5><i>THE FAMILIES SPHINGIDÆ TO NOCTUIDÆ</i></h5> <h5>WITH<br /> ACCURATELY COLOURED FIGURES<br /> @@ -192,15 +152,15 @@ CHRYSALIDS AND FOOD-PLANTS</h5> <p>The author desires here to express his thanks to Mr. Robert Adkin, F.E.S., for the loan of specimens of <i>L. cœnosa</i>, <i>E. ilicifolia</i>, <i>D. harpagula</i>, <i>N. albula</i>, <i>N. - centonalis</i>, <i>D. barrettii</i>, <i>D. cæsia</i>, <i>P. + centonalis</i>, <i>D. barrettii</i>, <i>D. cæsia</i>, <i>P. xanthomista</i>, <i>T. extrema</i>, <i>L. favicolor</i>, <i>L. vitellina</i>, and <i>H. palustris</i>. To Mr. Alfred Sich, F.E.S., for - the use of drawings of the caterpillars of <i>D. tiliæ</i>, <i>S. + the use of drawings of the caterpillars of <i>D. tiliæ</i>, <i>S. fagi</i>, <i>L. bicoloria</i>, <i>P. ridens</i>, <i>A. auricoma</i>, <i>A. rumicis</i>, <i>A. aceris</i>, <i>N. brunnea</i>, <i>M. oleracea</i>, <i>A. tragopogonis</i>, <i>T. gothica</i>, and <i>T. incerta</i>. To Mr. H. L. Sich for the loan of drawings of the - caterpillars of <i>D. euphorbiæ</i>, <i>D. galii</i>, <i>D. chaonia</i>, + caterpillars of <i>D. euphorbiæ</i>, <i>D. galii</i>, <i>D. chaonia</i>, and <i>P. dictœa</i>. For the material figured on Plate <a href="#plate148">148</a>, except the larva of <i>L. putrescens</i>, kindly sent by Mr. Walker, of Torquay, he is indebted to Mr. H. M. @@ -210,7 +170,7 @@ CHRYSALIDS AND FOOD-PLANTS</h5> caterpillars at rest are from photographs by "A Forester."</p> <p>To Mr. Horace Knight he is very greatly obliged for the care bestowed - upon the drawings of ova, larvæ, and pupæ, the bulk of which were made + upon the drawings of ova, larvæ, and pupæ, the bulk of which were made from living examples; also the coloured drawings for Plates <a href="#plate1">1</a>, <a href="#plate45">45</a>, <a href="#plate63">63</a>, <a href="#plate68">68</a>, <a @@ -223,7 +183,7 @@ CHRYSALIDS AND FOOD-PLANTS</h5> figures copied from any previous publication are those of the caterpillars of <i>S. fuliginosa</i>, <i>D. sanio</i>, <i>D. pulchella</i>, <i>A. corticea</i>, <i>A. strigula</i>, <i>N. plecta</i>, - and <i>N. augur</i> (Wilson's "Larvæ Brit. Lep."); and among the moths, + and <i>N. augur</i> (Wilson's "Larvæ Brit. Lep."); and among the moths, the varieties of <i>A. caia</i>; <i>D. mendica</i> (4 Yorks.), Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1889; <i>S. walkeri</i>, Curtis, and <i>N. subrosea</i>, Stephens.</p> @@ -274,7 +234,7 @@ CHRYSALIDS AND FOOD-PLANTS</h5> be given of Heterocera [moths] is the practical one that all Lepidoptera that are not butterflies are Heterocera." Now, it happens that all the butterflies occurring in these islands have the tips of the horns - (<i>antennæ</i>) clubbed; and, although there is much variety in the + (<i>antennæ</i>) clubbed; and, although there is much variety in the structure of the horns of our moths, none of them have the tips knobbed.</p> @@ -313,7 +273,7 @@ CHRYSALIDS AND FOOD-PLANTS</h5> affinis</i>. In the illustration the "tongue" of the moth and the sweet-scented tobacco blossom are shown on exactly the same scale.</p> - <p>Fig. 2 represents some forms of antennæ found in moths. A, <!-- Page 3 + <p>Fig. 2 represents some forms of antennæ found in moths. A, <!-- Page 3 --><span class="pagenum" title="015.png"><a name="page3"></a>{3}</span>thickened and spreading out towards the tip (<i>dilate</i>); B, simple, thread-like (<i>filiform</i>) structure, @@ -324,9 +284,9 @@ CHRYSALIDS AND FOOD-PLANTS</h5> (<i>dentate ciliate</i>); G, toothed with hairs in tufts from the teeth (<i>dentate fasciculate</i>); H, I, with double rows of hair scales (<i>bipectinate</i>); in I the projections are continued to the tip, and - are themselves fringed with fine hairs, giving the antennæ a very + are themselves fringed with fine hairs, giving the antennæ a very feather-like appearance—the term "plumose" is sometimes used to - describe this form of antennæ; in H the pectinations do not reach the + describe this form of antennæ; in H the pectinations do not reach the apical fourth, which is simple. J, the <i>lamellate</i>, that is, the undersides of the rings or joints are made up of minute plates.</p> @@ -335,7 +295,7 @@ CHRYSALIDS AND FOOD-PLANTS</h5> alt="Fig. 2." title="Fig. 2." /></a> <p style="text-align:center"><span class="sc">Fig. 2.</span></p> - <p style="text-align:center"><b>Antennæ of Moths.</b></p> + <p style="text-align:center"><b>Antennæ of Moths.</b></p> </div> <div class="figleft" style="width:21%;"> @@ -375,8 +335,8 @@ CHRYSALIDS AND FOOD-PLANTS</h5> structures are found on the under side of the wings of most moths, but they are absent in all butterflies. The Emperor, Kentish Glory, and Eggars may be mentioned as examples of moths lacking the connecting - bristle, but all these have feather-like antennæ, which terminate in a - point. The Burnets have the antennæ gradually thickened towards the tip + bristle, but all these have feather-like antennæ, which terminate in a + point. The Burnets have the antennæ gradually thickened towards the tip (A. Fig. 2), and in this respect are somewhat butterfly-like, but these moths have a frenulum.</p> @@ -427,7 +387,7 @@ CHRYSALIDS AND FOOD-PLANTS</h5> second line the outer area. The more or less round or oval rings or dashes on <!-- Page 6 --><span class="pagenum" title="018.png"><a name="page6"></a>{6}</span>the central area are the stigmata, and these - characters occur more especially in the Noctuidæ. The hind wings usually + characters occur more especially in the Noctuidæ. The hind wings usually have a fine short line, crescent, or spot, at the end of the cell, as in the butterflies, and there is generally a line or band beyond.</p> @@ -452,27 +412,27 @@ CHRYSALIDS AND FOOD-PLANTS</h5> understood the so-called "Micros" will receive their proper share of attention.</p> - <p>In the older systems of classification the Clear wings (Sesiidæ) were - associated with the Hawk-moths (Sphingidæ), but the former family is now - considered to be more closely connected with the Tineidæ. The Goat-moth + <p>In the older systems of classification the Clear wings (Sesiidæ) were + associated with the Hawk-moths (Sphingidæ), but the former family is now + considered to be more closely connected with the Tineidæ. The Goat-moth (<i>Cossus ligniperda</i>) has been removed from among the Bombyces, its name changed to <i>Trypanus cossus</i>, and placed in the family - Trypanidæ, which is relegated to the neighbourhood of the Tortricidæ. The - Burnets (Zygænidæ), together with <i>Heterogenea limacodes</i> and <i>H. - asella</i> (Cochliopodidæ), also <i>Macrogaster castaneæ</i> and - <i>Zeuzera pyrina</i> (Cossidæ <!-- Page 7 --><span class="pagenum" title="019.png" + Trypanidæ, which is relegated to the neighbourhood of the Tortricidæ. The + Burnets (Zygænidæ), together with <i>Heterogenea limacodes</i> and <i>H. + asella</i> (Cochliopodidæ), also <i>Macrogaster castaneæ</i> and + <i>Zeuzera pyrina</i> (Cossidæ <!-- Page 7 --><span class="pagenum" title="019.png" ><a name="page7"></a>{7}</span>part) are removed by Meyrick to the Psychina, a group placed between that author's Pyralidina and Tortricina. - The Swifts (Hepialidæ) are grouped with Micropterygidæ, which are + The Swifts (Hepialidæ) are grouped with Micropterygidæ, which are considered to be primitive forms of Lepidoptera originating in the Caddis-flies or Trichoptera—a division of the Order Neuroptera.</p> - <p>Except that the Cymbidæ and Arctiidæ are placed just before the - Noctuidæ instead of after the Geometridæ, the arrangement of families, + <p>Except that the Cymbidæ and Arctiidæ are placed just before the + Noctuidæ instead of after the Geometridæ, the arrangement of families, genera, and species adopted in the present work is very much the same as that in the 1901 edition of Staudinger's Catalogue. Many British entomologists are now interested in the lepidopterous insects of the - Palæarctic, or at least the European, fauna, of which our islands furnish + Palæarctic, or at least the European, fauna, of which our islands furnish but a relatively small number of species. Others, who at the present time are perhaps but beginners, may very possibly desire, later on, to extend their collections and their knowledge by making entomological expeditions @@ -575,8 +535,8 @@ CHRYSALIDS AND FOOD-PLANTS</h5> ><a name="page11"></a>{11}</span>fen, or moor, should furnish ample employment and keep the collector actively engaged until the time arrives for a first round of the trees upon which he has spread a dainty repast - for the night-flying Noctuidæ, and those members of the Arctiidæ and - Geometridæ, etc., that frequently look in where sweets are to be + for the night-flying Noctuidæ, and those members of the Arctiidæ and + Geometridæ, etc., that frequently look in where sweets are to be obtained.</p> <div style="clear: both"></div> @@ -673,7 +633,7 @@ CHRYSALIDS AND FOOD-PLANTS</h5> </div> <p>Although oft-times a somewhat slow process, and to some temperaments, - perhaps, rather tedious work, searching for larvæ is not unremunerative + perhaps, rather tedious work, searching for larvæ is not unremunerative when the quality of the material obtained in this way is considered. Some kinds sit in the daytime, or feed, fully exposed, upon the upper sides of the leaves or on the twigs of trees, shrubs, and low herbage; these are @@ -693,7 +653,7 @@ CHRYSALIDS AND FOOD-PLANTS</h5> search, aided by the beam of an acetyline lamp, the plants and undergrowth in wood rides and clearings, borders of woods, and lanes, for caterpillars that are arousing from hibernation. Throughout all searching - operations for larvæ the chance finding of eggs under leaves or on twigs + operations for larvæ the chance finding of eggs under leaves or on twigs or buds is always probable. Cocoons in addition, among the leaves of trees and on stems of low plants and the trunks of trees, may also be revealed.</p> @@ -730,7 +690,7 @@ CHRYSALIDS AND FOOD-PLANTS</h5> <h5 class="lg125">HAWK-MOTHS.</h5> <p>About sixty species belonging to this family, scientifically known as - the Sphingidæ, are recorded from the Palæarctic region, and of these + the Sphingidæ, are recorded from the Palæarctic region, and of these twenty-seven are found in Europe. About ten only can be considered as true natives of the British Isles; seven others, though found here, are distinctly aliens, and their visits, at least as regards some of them, to @@ -745,7 +705,7 @@ CHRYSALIDS AND FOOD-PLANTS</h5> up the soil around trunks of trees, or under plants, upon which the caterpillars feed.</p> -<h5><b>The Lime Hawk-moth</b> (<i>Dilina</i> (<i>Mimas</i>) <i>tiliæ</i>).</h5> +<h5><b>The Lime Hawk-moth</b> (<i>Dilina</i> (<i>Mimas</i>) <i>tiliæ</i>).</h5> <p>The four specimens shown on Plate <a href="#plate3">3</a> represent the more or less ordinary form of this moth. The pale pinkish grey, or @@ -876,7 +836,7 @@ CHRYSALIDS AND FOOD-PLANTS</h5> gynandromorphism is bilateral, that is the insect is wholly male on one side, and entirely female on the other. In some the right side is male, in others the left side; the opposite side in each case being female. - Much information on this subject and on Hybridism of the Sphingidæ will + Much information on this subject and on Hybridism of the Sphingidæ will be found in Tutt's "British Lepidoptera," vol. iii.</p> <p>The pale shining green eggs are laid, generally singly, but sometimes @@ -971,9 +931,9 @@ CHRYSALIDS AND FOOD-PLANTS</h5> have been noted in a wild state, but several cases of the kind are known to have occurred in captivity. The results are hybrid moths, and these have some of the characters of each parent, and have received distinctive - names. Thus the offspring of <i>ocellatus</i> ♂ × <i>populi</i> + names. Thus the offspring of <i>ocellatus</i> ♂ × <i>populi</i> ♀ are the <i>hybridus</i>, Steph., whilst that of <i>populi</i> - ♂ × <i>ocellatus</i> ♀ are referable to <i>inversa</i>, + ♂ × <i>ocellatus</i> ♀ are referable to <i>inversa</i>, Tutt.</p> <p><a name="plate6"></a></p> @@ -1063,7 +1023,7 @@ atropos</i>).</h5> <p>The fine moth represented on Plate <a href="#plate8">8</a> is the largest species found in the British Isles, although in measurement from tip to tip when the wings are expanded it does not exceed that of the - next species, both varying in this respect from 4½ to 5 inches. It is, + next species, both varying in this respect from 4½ to 5 inches. It is, however, a stouter bodied insect, and its wings are broader. The colour and markings are so well shown in the illustration that a description is unnecessary. Beyond a greater or lesser intensity of the paler markings @@ -1140,16 +1100,16 @@ atropos</i>).</h5> Chester, about the middle of May, and one on June 20 at Chichester. Probably, although undetected, other specimens were also about the country, and maybe at even earlier dates than those recorded. However, - during the year larvæ and pupæ were found, at the end of July, at + during the year larvæ and pupæ were found, at the end of July, at Chilton, Suffolk, and at Bridgwater, Somerset, and in early August in Somerset, and at Dover. A moth was captured in August at Marlow, Bucks., one was taken at Christchurch on September 19, one at Reigate, September 25. Several specimens occurred in Devon and Cornwall in the autumn, and - at Deal early in October. Larvæ were found, too, from the second week in + at Deal early in October. Larvæ were found, too, from the second week in September to the end of that month in several parts of the country. Moths seem to have been reared in early September from the early August caterpillars; whilst the September caterpillars attained the perfect - state towards the end of the month and in October. Two pupæ, found at + state towards the end of the month and in October. Two pupæ, found at Penarth on September 12, produced moths in from four to six days afterwards; four other chrysalids, obtained in Hants about mid September, yielded moths between September 21 and the beginning of October.</p> @@ -1294,7 +1254,7 @@ atropos</i>).</h5> <p>The caterpillar figured by Harris is of the brown form, so we see that even at this early date something was known of the life history of this moth and the variation of the caterpillar. Since that date and up to 1894 - only very few larvæ appear to have been found in our islands. Barrett + only very few larvæ appear to have been found in our islands. Barrett states that it is doubtful if more than twenty had then been recorded. In 1895 caterpillars were obtained in Cornwall (four) and in Kent (two). Then for five years little or nothing was reported about this stage, @@ -1311,17 +1271,17 @@ atropos</i>).</h5> 21. They were supplied with <i>Convolvulus arvensis</i> and <i>C. soldanella</i>, and seemed to relish one as much as the other. Seven died during the first three moults. The bindweeds being nearly over, seedlings - were raised by forcing, but before these were ready the larvæ had been on + were raised by forcing, but before these were ready the larvæ had been on short commons, and just immediately before the seedlings came to hand, had been twenty-four hours without food. On these tender seedlings and - some endive the remaining larvæ, six in number, attained full growth in + some endive the remaining larvæ, six in number, attained full growth in December. Two subsequently died in the first half of that month, and the others went under the soil. Only one, however, managed to assume the chrysalis state.</p> <p>A small caterpillar, about one week old, described by Paymaster-in-Chief G. F. Mathew ("Notes on Lepidoptera from the - Mediterranean," <i>Entom.</i>, xxxi. 115), was 1¾ inch long, pale + Mediterranean," <i>Entom.</i>, xxxi. 115), was 1¾ inch long, pale glaucous green in colour, and thickly covered with raised white dots; oblique side stripes white, bordered above with dark green. On September 26, 1897, this caterpillar, which had been found on September 18, was @@ -1377,7 +1337,7 @@ atropos</i>).</h5> twenty-three were caught near Bournemouth in August and September; sixteen were taken at Christchurch, August 11 to October 2; and eight were recorded from Milford. Several were reported from Devon, but only - two from Cornwall, although four larvæ were found in October at Port + two from Cornwall, although four larvæ were found in October at Port Wrinkle in the latter county. At Cork, in Ireland, ten specimens were obtained in October. Eastward, the captures in September were Norfolk (seven), Essex (one), Lincoln (one). Odd specimens were taken here and @@ -1405,7 +1365,7 @@ atropos</i>).</h5> at an Eastbourne electric light, and one at Portpatrick in Scotland, both end of August. There appears to have been an arrival of moths in this country in early June, 1901. Captures were reported from Portland (June - 2), Bedford, and S. W. London. Larvæ and pupæ were found in many parts of + 2), Bedford, and S. W. London. Larvæ and pupæ were found in many parts of England, as already mentioned. Then in August, from about the 14th to September, moths were captured throughout the greater part of England; in some places caterpillars were also obtained in August, chrysalids in @@ -1469,7 +1429,7 @@ atropos</i>).</h5> privet hedge. They are much subject to the attack of ichneumons. Other food plants are lilac, ash, lauristinus, and some other shrubs. Mr. Step informs me that on <!-- Page 34 --><span class="pagenum" title="058.png" - ><a name="page34"></a>{34}</span>August 18, 1907, he found three larvæ + ><a name="page34"></a>{34}</span>August 18, 1907, he found three larvæ feeding on teasel at Ashtead.</p> <p>The caterpillar will burrow some depth underground before constructing @@ -1513,7 +1473,7 @@ atropos</i>).</h5> two specimens in almost the same spot where he had taken some moths in 1892-93. Mr. F. Mellusson, writing from this district (August 2, 1895), stated that fifteen specimens had been taken, and that others could have - been captured; also that about one hundred larvæ were then feeding in + been captured; also that about one hundred larvæ were then feeding in confinement. He also mentioned that 1895 was the fourth year out of five that the insect had occurred there. A male moth was found at rest on an oak trunk near Southwold, Suffolk, on July 29, 1900. On August 13, 1906, @@ -1553,7 +1513,7 @@ atropos</i>).</h5> Japan it is represented by var. <i>caligineus</i>, Butler, which differs but little from typical <i>pinastri</i>.</p> -<h5><b>The Spurge Hawk</b> (<i>Deilephila</i> (<i>Hyles</i>) <i>euphorbiæ</i>).</h5> +<h5><b>The Spurge Hawk</b> (<i>Deilephila</i> (<i>Hyles</i>) <i>euphorbiæ</i>).</h5> <p>The fore wings are pale grey, more or less tinged with pinkish and marked with olive at the base, towards the middle of front margin, and a @@ -1574,7 +1534,7 @@ atropos</i>).</h5> of black around the paler yellow spots on the back. Chrysalis pale brownish, minutely dotted with black; the head and thorax are marked with blackish, and the rings of the body have narrow, interrupted, blackish - bands; the wing and antennæ cases are covered with fine short blackish + bands; the wing and antennæ cases are covered with fine short blackish streaks; tail spike blackish, somewhat flattened, and the acute point black (Plate <a href="#plate1">1</a>, Fig. 1; <a href="#plate14">14</a>, Figs. 2, 2<i>a</i>).</p> @@ -1632,7 +1592,7 @@ atropos</i>).</h5> published in the Entomological Magazine for 1835, that on leaving the ground one evening at dusk he hastily cut an armful of spurge, which he took home and put in water. Next morning he "found the food covered with - not less than a hundred minute larvæ about a day or two old." This must + not less than a hundred minute larvæ about a day or two old." This must have happened prior to 1814, because the species seems to have entirely disappeared about that year. The Rev. E. N. Bloomfield, in his catalogue of the Lepidoptera of Suffolk, mentions a moth bred from a larva found @@ -1656,7 +1616,7 @@ atropos</i>).</h5> specimen taken in a private garden near Southampton (<i>Entom.</i>, 1872), and the other was captured by the late Mr. C. G. Barrett as it flew at early dusk in a garden at King's Lynn, Norfolk, in September, - 1887. Some idea of the scarcity of <i>bonâ fide</i> English specimens may + 1887. Some idea of the scarcity of <i>bonâ fide</i> English specimens may be gained from the fact that about thirteen years ago, two of Raddon's bred specimens were sold by auction at Stevens, when six guineas was given for one, and ten shillings more for the other.</p> @@ -1745,7 +1705,7 @@ atropos</i>).</h5> 41 --><span class="pagenum" title="067.png"><a name="page41"></a>{41}</span>Siberia and Amurland. It is represented in North America by the Galium Sphinx (<i>Celerio intermedia</i>, Kirby = - <i>chamænerii</i>, Harris), which so greatly resembles it that only an + <i>chamænerii</i>, Harris), which so greatly resembles it that only an expert could readily distinguish one from the other.</p> <h5><b>The Striped Hawk</b> (<i>Phryxus</i> (<i>Deilephila</i>) <i>livornica</i>).</h5> @@ -1801,7 +1761,7 @@ atropos</i>).</h5> district. It was afterwards reared on fuchsia, and produced a moth on August 18. Nine others were reported from a nursery garden at Plymouth; they were fed up on dock—the plant upon which they had been - found—and the moth was reared later in the year. In 1902 Mr. Jäger + found—and the moth was reared later in the year. In 1902 Mr. Jäger received a caterpillar from Starcross about July 20, and this attained the moth state on September 27. A caterpillar, believed to be of this species, was found in a sunny garden at Lewes in Sussex, July 20, 1906. @@ -1831,7 +1791,7 @@ atropos</i>).</h5> Silver-striped Hawk-moth, but it extends into Western China and is represented in North America.</p> -<h5><b>The Silver-striped Hawk</b> (<i>Hippotion (Chærocampa) +<h5><b>The Silver-striped Hawk</b> (<i>Hippotion (Chærocampa) celerio</i>).</h5> <p>Referring to this species in 1828 Stephens wrote: "The first recorded @@ -1839,12 +1799,12 @@ celerio</i>).</h5> burying-ground so long ago as 1779: and the specimen now exists in a high state of preservation in Mr. Haworth's collection, having been purchased by him at the dispersion of that of Mr. Francillon. Subsequently to the - above capture the larvæ have been found several times in + above capture the larvæ have been found several times in Cambridgeshire.... Two or three were also taken about fifteen <!-- Page 44 --><span class="pagenum" title="070.png"><a name="page44"></a>{44}</span>or sixteen years since in a garden at - Norwich, and were kept until they changed to pupæ; but unfortunately, in - that state their metamorphosis ended. One of these pupæ I have in my + Norwich, and were kept until they changed to pupæ; but unfortunately, in + that state their metamorphosis ended. One of these pupæ I have in my collection. Of late, however, the perfect insect has occurred more than once, and in totally different parts of the country. Three specimens, as I am informed by the Rev. F. W. Hope, were taken near Oxford several @@ -1852,8 +1812,8 @@ celerio</i>).</h5> near Birmingham; and last summer a second was secured not far distant from the same locality; the latter I have in my possession. Again, Mr. Marshall informed me in March last, that, on his way to Manchester, he - met with an individual who possessed upwards of a dozen living pupæ, - which were procured from larvæ found in that neighbourhood during last + met with an individual who possessed upwards of a dozen living pupæ, + which were procured from larvæ found in that neighbourhood during last season."</p> <p>Humphrey and Westwood mention a specimen taken in Brighton in 1834, @@ -1931,10 +1891,10 @@ celerio</i>).</h5> Australia. In Europe it is perhaps only native in southern parts; thence it sometimes wanders through Central Europe to Germany and Holland. The specimens visiting our islands may come from the latter country, or - possibly in years of comparative plenty the moths come to us <i>viâ</i> + possibly in years of comparative plenty the moths come to us <i>viâ</i> the west coast of Europe.</p> -<h5><b>The Oleander Hawk-moth</b> (<i>Daphnis</i> (<i>Chærocampa</i>) <i>nerii</i>).</h5> +<h5><b>The Oleander Hawk-moth</b> (<i>Daphnis</i> (<i>Chærocampa</i>) <i>nerii</i>).</h5> <p>The forewings of this handsome moth (Plate <a href="#plate16">16</a>) are pinkish grey, marbled with various shades of green and olive brown; @@ -1989,7 +1949,7 @@ celerio</i>).</h5> communication to the <i>Ent. Magazine</i> by Captain Blomer."</p> <p>The next record of the moth appears in the <i>Zoologist</i> for 1852. - "On the 11th of September a specimen of <i>Chærocampa nerii</i> was taken + "On the 11th of September a specimen of <i>Chærocampa nerii</i> was taken in Montpelier Road, Brighton, by a young gentleman at school, while it was hovering over a passion flower." Two caterpillars were found in a garden at Eastbourne, feeding upon the leaves of potato, in October, @@ -2017,7 +1977,7 @@ celerio</i>).</h5> of the Alps, the moth is seldom observed, and it is probably almost as scarce on most of the Continent as it is with us.</p> -<h5><b>The Small Elephant</b> (<i>Metopsilus</i> (<i>Chærocampa</i>) <i>porcellus</i>).</h5> +<h5><b>The Small Elephant</b> (<i>Metopsilus</i> (<i>Chærocampa</i>) <i>porcellus</i>).</h5> <p>The fore wings of this hawk-moth are ochreous with a faint olive tinge; the front margin is edged and blotched with pinkish, and there is @@ -2033,7 +1993,7 @@ celerio</i>).</h5> outer border of the hind wings varies in tint, and may be purplish. Occasionally the ground colour of the fore wings is greenish olive.</p> - <p>A hybrid, resulting from a pairing between <i>Chærocampa elpenor</i> + <p>A hybrid, resulting from a pairing between <i>Chærocampa elpenor</i> and <i>Metopsilus porcellus</i> has been named <i>elpenorcellus</i> (Staud).</p> @@ -2105,7 +2065,7 @@ celerio</i>).</h5> <p>Abroad, its distribution covers nearly the whole of Europe, and eastward to north-eastern Asia Minor, Bithynia, and the Altai.</p> -<h5><b>The Elephant</b> (<i>Chærocampa</i> (<i>Eumorpha</i>) <i>elpenor</i>).</h5> +<h5><b>The Elephant</b> (<i>Chærocampa</i> (<i>Eumorpha</i>) <i>elpenor</i>).</h5> <p>The fore wings are olive brown with two pinkish lines, both shaded with dark olive brown; the first is rather broader than the second, and @@ -2217,7 +2177,7 @@ stellatarum</i>).</h5> kind the following year are not great. We have, therefore, to fall back upon immigration as the probable source of the Humming-Bird Hawk-moth in Britain. Except the more northern portion, this species is distributed - over the whole of the Palæarctic region, including India, China, Corea, + over the whole of the Palæarctic region, including India, China, Corea, and Japan.</p> <p><a name="plate20"></a></p> @@ -2320,7 +2280,7 @@ fuciformis</i>).</h5> known as "<i>bombyliformis</i>" and was so mentioned by Haworth in 1802, but for some years past there has been a growing tendency to discard the name altogether, and as most recent authors follow Kirby's identification - of this species as the <i>tityus</i> of Linnæus, that name is here + of this species as the <i>tityus</i> of Linnæus, that name is here adopted.</p> <p>The chief characters separating this moth from the preceding are the @@ -2370,13 +2330,13 @@ fuciformis</i>).</h5> <p>Distributed over Europe its range extends northwards to Lapland, southwards to north-west Africa, and eastward to Amurland.</p> -<h5><b>Prominents</b> (<i>Notodontidæ</i>).</h5> +<h5><b>Prominents</b> (<i>Notodontidæ</i>).</h5> <p>In the majority of our moths belonging to this family there is a tooth-like tuft of scales projecting from about the middle of the inner margin of the fore wings; these, when the moth is resting, are brought together and raised above the level of the closed wings (see Fig. 11, - page <a href="#page11">11</a>). The antennæ of the male are bipectinated + page <a href="#page11">11</a>). The antennæ of the male are bipectinated in most of the species, but those of <i>Odontosia</i>, <i>Lophopteryx</i>, and <i>Phalera</i> are dentated and each tooth has a little tuft of short hair.</p> @@ -2393,7 +2353,7 @@ fuciformis</i>).</h5> most cases the caterpillars are not difficult to rear when once they begin to feed. Sometimes it is not easy to induce them to commence this very necessary business. The caterpillars, except those of <i>Phalera</i> - and <i>Pygæra</i>, are without hairs on the body; those of the true + and <i>Pygæra</i>, are without hairs on the body; those of the true Prominents generally have one, or more, hump on the back; in some kinds the anal prolegs or hind claspers, are small. When resting the hinder part of the caterpillar is more or less raised, several of them elevate @@ -2403,7 +2363,7 @@ fuciformis</i>).</h5> <p>The caterpillars of <i>Cerura</i>, <i>Dicranura</i>, and <i>Stauropus</i> have the hind claspers transformed into tail-like appendages, which in the case of the Puss and Kittens take the form of a - pair of slender tubes furnished with flagellæ, or whips, which can be + pair of slender tubes furnished with flagellæ, or whips, which can be protruded or withdrawn as occasion may require. These organs are presumably for defensive purposes, but are not always effective in combating the attack of parasitical flies, as these evidently manage to @@ -2417,7 +2377,7 @@ fuciformis</i>).</h5> may have been flimsily lined with silk.</p> <p>Nearly one hundred species are referred to this family in Staudinger's - "Catalogue of Palæarctic Lepidoptera," and of these twenty-five occur, or + "Catalogue of Palæarctic Lepidoptera," and of these twenty-five occur, or have been taken, in the British Isles, nearly all of which are accepted as indigenous. Two of the <!-- Page 58 --><span class="pagenum" title="090.png" ><a name="page58"></a>{58}</span>three species not generally regarded as @@ -2595,7 +2555,7 @@ fuciformis</i>).</h5> terminate on the outer margin in black dots). Hind wings whitish in the male, and suffused with blackish in the female, to a greater or lesser extent. In some examples of the female the fore wings and the body are - also tinged with blackish. The antennæ are bipectinated in both sexes, + also tinged with blackish. The antennæ are bipectinated in both sexes, but those of the female have the teeth much shorter than those of the male.</p> @@ -2952,7 +2912,7 @@ fuciformis</i>).</h5> and Ussuri. In America it is represented by <i>P. dimidiata</i>, H.-S., which does not seem to be really specifically distinct.</p> -<h5><b>The Lesser Swallow Prominent</b> (<i>Pheosia dictæoides</i>).</h5> +<h5><b>The Lesser Swallow Prominent</b> (<i>Pheosia dictæoides</i>).</h5> <p>Very similar to the last species, but generally smaller, and the ground colour has usually less brown in it; the chief character, however, @@ -3077,7 +3037,7 @@ fuciformis</i>).</h5> September, on aspen.</p> <p>According to Staudinger this species is the <i>tritophus</i> of Esper, - an earlier name than <i>torva</i>, Hübn.; whilst the preceding species, + an earlier name than <i>torva</i>, Hübn.; whilst the preceding species, that has so long been referred to <i>tritophus</i>, Fabricius (or <i>trilophus</i>), is found to be <i>phœbe</i>, Siebert, which name has seventeen years' priority. <!-- Page 74 --><span class="pagenum" title="114.png" @@ -3328,7 +3288,7 @@ fuciformis</i>).</h5> evidence in the male, are yellowish. Hind wings, more sparsely scaled than the fore wings, are pale ochreous brown in the male and darker in the female. It varies in the tint of general colour and in the intensity - of the yellowish markings. In the female the antennæ are simple, but in + of the yellowish markings. In the female the antennæ are simple, but in the male they are very plume-like, hence the English name. Buckler describes the caterpillar as whitish blue-green, with a broad deep green stripe down the middle of the back, and a narrow yellow line on each side @@ -3363,7 +3323,7 @@ fuciformis</i>).</h5> <p>This blackish streaked, pale brownish grey moth has been known as the Pale Prominent since 1775, when Moses Harris gave it this name. Beyond the black scaled tooth-like projection the inner margin is notched. The - antennæ of the female are pectinated, but the teeth are shorter than + antennæ of the female are pectinated, but the teeth are shorter than those of the male; and the blackish streak on the wings are usually less defined. Except that some specimens are more strongly marked than others there is little to note in the way of aberration. Mr. Harwood of @@ -3467,7 +3427,7 @@ fuciformis</i>).</h5> well as other southern parts of the country. Its range extends through Europe to Northern Asia Minor, Armenia, and Siberia.</p> -<h5><b>The Chocolate-tip</b> (<i>Pygæra curtula</i>).</h5> +<h5><b>The Chocolate-tip</b> (<i>Pygæra curtula</i>).</h5> <p>Two examples of this moth are shown on Plate <a href="#plate35">35</a>. Fig. 2 represents the spring (April and May) @@ -3501,7 +3461,7 @@ fuciformis</i>).</h5> extending to South France, Corsica, North Italy, Bulgaria, Armenia, and Mongolia.</p> -<h5><b>The Scarce Chocolate-tip</b> (<i>Pygæra anachoreta</i>).</h5> +<h5><b>The Scarce Chocolate-tip</b> (<i>Pygæra anachoreta</i>).</h5> <p>This moth is distinguished from that last referred to by the black spots in and just below the blotch at the tip of the fore wings; the @@ -3538,7 +3498,7 @@ fuciformis</i>).</h5> to some of the southern parts; it also occurs in Siberia, Amurland, China, and Japan.</p> -<h5><b>The Small Chocolate-tip</b> (<i>Pygæra pigra</i>).</h5> +<h5><b>The Small Chocolate-tip</b> (<i>Pygæra pigra</i>).</h5> <p>This species will be recognized by its smaller size and less distinct chocolate blotch on the tips of the fore wings. The ground colour varies @@ -3573,15 +3533,15 @@ fuciformis</i>).</h5> into Northern Spain and Italy; Bulgaria, South-east Russia, and Armenia.</p> -<h5 class="lg125">THYATIRIDÆ.</h5> +<h5 class="lg125">THYATIRIDÆ.</h5> <p>The nine British species next to be considered belong to the old - family Cymatophoridæ, but as the name <i>Cymatophora</i>, as indicated by - Hübner in the "Tentamen" (1816), is now generically used by authors for - some species of Geometridæ; and as Hübner's <i>Verzeichniss</i> generic + family Cymatophoridæ, but as the name <i>Cymatophora</i>, as indicated by + Hübner in the "Tentamen" (1816), is now generically used by authors for + some species of Geometridæ; and as Hübner's <i>Verzeichniss</i> generic names will have to be used for the species previously included in - <i>Cymatophora</i>, Tr., the term Thyatiridæ has here been adopted for - this family—the Polyplocidæ of Meyrick and others.</p> + <i>Cymatophora</i>, Tr., the term Thyatiridæ has here been adopted for + this family—the Polyplocidæ of Meyrick and others.</p> <h5><b>The Buff Arches</b> (<i>Habrosyne derasa</i>).</h5> @@ -3792,7 +3752,7 @@ fuciformis</i>).</h5> June, and is distinctly local. Sometimes it may be disturbed from its resting place among the foliage; it becomes active on the wing at dusk for a short time; sugar does not seem to possess any great attraction for - it, anyway it does not attend the feast prepared for Noctuæ so frequently + it, anyway it does not attend the feast prepared for Noctuæ so frequently as other members of this family. It is known to occur, chiefly in woods, in Kent, Surrey, Sussex, and Hampshire in the south; Essex and Suffolk in the east; also in Worcestershire (Wyre Forest), and Herefordshire; in the @@ -3873,7 +3833,7 @@ fuciformis</i>).</h5> Specimens from Scotland are generally larger, there is less green, if any, in the ground colour, and the markings are often more pronounced and brighter. This form is the var. <i>scotica</i>, Tutt, and may be more or - less identical with the var. <i>finmarchia</i>, Schöyen, from Norway and + less identical with the var. <i>finmarchia</i>, Schöyen, from Norway and Lapland (Fig. 7, Plate <a href="#plate39">39</a>, shows the English form, and Fig. 8 the Scotch form).</p> @@ -3936,10 +3896,10 @@ fuciformis</i>).</h5> and northward to Denmark and Livonia, and southward to South France and Andalusia.</p> -<h5><b>Tussock-moths</b> (<i>Lymantriidæ</i>).</h5> +<h5><b>Tussock-moths</b> (<i>Lymantriidæ</i>).</h5> <p>About seventy-two species, referred to this family, are known to occur - in various parts of the Palæarctic region; ten of these are found in our + in various parts of the Palæarctic region; ten of these are found in our islands. The Black V-moth (<i>Leucoma v-nigrum</i> or <i>Arctornis l-album</i>) has been reported as British, but if the few examples that have been recorded were natives, the species has long since disappeared @@ -4013,7 +3973,7 @@ fuciformis</i>).</h5> than southern examples. In the course of temperature experiments it has been noted that the colour of the moth is darkened if the chrysalids are put in a refrigerator for a few weeks, and then brought into a mean - temperature of 40° Fahr. In the female the appendages representing wings + temperature of 40° Fahr. In the female the appendages representing wings are somewhat larger than those of the female of the Scarce Vapourer, but are quite useless as organs of flight (Plate <a href="#plate40">40</a>, Figs. 4, 6).</p> @@ -4190,7 +4150,7 @@ fuciformis</i>).</h5> Britain, and confined at that to Kent and Sussex, the former especially. Even in these favoured localities where it is usually abundant, it is, however, not always in evidence. The moths sit about at the end of July - and early August on leaves of hawthorn, sloe, sea-buckthorn (<i>Hippophaë + and early August on leaves of hawthorn, sloe, sea-buckthorn (<i>Hippophaë rhamnoides</i>), and wild rose, generally on the underside. Near the females will be found batches of eggs, which are covered with "fur" from the anal tuft of the female. The caterpillars hatch out in August, and @@ -4257,13 +4217,13 @@ fuciformis</i>).</h5> <p>Distribution, Central and South-eastern Europe, extending to Amurland, China, Corea, and Japan.</p> -<h5><b>The Reed Tussock</b> (<i>Lælia coenosa</i>).</h5> +<h5><b>The Reed Tussock</b> (<i>Lælia coenosa</i>).</h5> <p>This insect (Plate <a href="#plate45">45</a>) was formerly abundant in some parts of fenland, and was first met with, as a British species, at Whittlesea Mere about 1819 or 1820. It was subsequently found in Yaxley and Burwell fens. Up to 1860 it continued to occur freely in all stages, - but by 1865 larvæ at a shilling per dozen, the price at which they had + but by 1865 larvæ at a shilling per dozen, the price at which they had been sold by the reed cutters, were no longer obtainable, and they became so scarce that in the year 1871 or thereabouts, only two caterpillars were seen. The species was at that time seemingly on the decline, but a @@ -4405,7 +4365,7 @@ fuciformis</i>).</h5> whitish with brownish cross lines, and a black central V-mark on the fore wings.</p> - <p>Distributed over the whole of the Palæarctic Region, except <!-- Page + <p>Distributed over the whole of the Palæarctic Region, except <!-- Page 105 --><span class="pagenum" title="161.png"><a name="page105"></a>{105}</span>the most northern, and, as adverted to, it has now become a pest in parts of North America.</p> @@ -4454,9 +4414,9 @@ fuciformis</i>).</h5> and southwards to North Italy and Greece, and eastwards to Ussuri and Japan.</p> -<h5><b>Lackeys and Eggars</b> (<i>Lasiocampidæ</i>).</h5> +<h5><b>Lackeys and Eggars</b> (<i>Lasiocampidæ</i>).</h5> - <p>Staudinger in his catalogue of Palæarctic Lepidoptera refers twenty + <p>Staudinger in his catalogue of Palæarctic Lepidoptera refers twenty genera comprising sixty-three species to this family. Of these, eleven species belonging to ten genera occur in the British Isles. According to some authorities a twelfth species, <i>Dendrolimus pini</i>, Linn., @@ -4466,24 +4426,24 @@ fuciformis</i>).</h5> rests chiefly on a specimen captured in the Norwich Hospital, in July, 1809, by Mr. Sparshall. Wilkes (1773) states that he once found a caterpillar near Richmond Park, but the moth was not reared. For - generations the species now classified as Lasiocampidæ have been referred - to Bombycidæ, but the silkworm (<i>Bombyx mori</i>) is typical of that + generations the species now classified as Lasiocampidæ have been referred + to Bombycidæ, but the silkworm (<i>Bombyx mori</i>) is typical of that family, which has but few genera in it, and none of them occur in Europe. Although some of the moths are of considerable size, most of them are not large. The general colour is some shade of brown. Both sexes have the - antennæ bipectinated, but more strongly in the male than the female.</p> + antennæ bipectinated, but more strongly in the male than the female.</p> - <p>In his treatment of the species here included under Lasiocampidæ, + <p>In his treatment of the species here included under Lasiocampidæ, Tutt. ("A Natural History of the British Lepidoptera," vols. i., ii.) - separates them into two families, Lachneidæ and Eutrichidæ. The first + separates them into two families, Lachneidæ and Eutrichidæ. The first family is divided into five sub-families and the same number of tribes. The latter family has three sub-families and three tribes. The whole are - embraced in a super-family styled Lachneides. Lasiocampidæ disappears as + embraced in a super-family styled Lachneides. Lasiocampidæ disappears as a family name, but the genus <i>Lasiocampa</i> is retained for <i>quercus</i>, L., whilst <i>trifolii</i>, Schiff., is referred to the genus <i>Pachygastria</i>, Hb., and these with <i>Aurivillia</i>, Tutt, not represented in Britain, constitute the Pachygastriidi tribe of the - Pachygastriinæ, a sub-family of Lachneidæ. All this will no doubt appear + Pachygastriinæ, a sub-family of Lachneidæ. All this will no doubt appear very complicated to the beginner, but he need not worry himself very greatly about the matter at present. When he feels that he has a fair knowledge of the species in the group he will be in a position to grapple @@ -4681,7 +4641,7 @@ fuciformis</i>).</h5> <p>On August 13, 1906, Mr. Percy Richards sent me a small batch of eggs (Plate <a href="#plate49">49</a>, Fig. 2<i>a</i>) laid by a female, <i>M. castrensis</i>, that emerged in a breeding cage, and had paired with a - captured male, <i>M. neustria</i>, he introduced. The larvæ hatched out + captured male, <i>M. neustria</i>, he introduced. The larvæ hatched out one or two at a time, from April 7 over a period of more than a fortnight. Few of the caterpillars would commence to feed, and of those that took to the plum and sallow with which they were supplied, only four @@ -4709,7 +4669,7 @@ fuciformis</i>).</h5> Lepidoptera," vol. ii. <!-- Page 112 --><span class="pagenum" title="172.png" ><a name="page112"></a>{112}</span></p> -<h5><b>The Pale Oak Eggar</b> (<i>Trichiura cratægi</i>).</h5> +<h5><b>The Pale Oak Eggar</b> (<i>Trichiura cratægi</i>).</h5> <p>In its typical form the male of this species (Plate <a href="#plate50">50</a>, Figs. 1, 2) is ashy grey, with a darker central @@ -4785,16 +4745,16 @@ fuciformis</i>).</h5> healthy. Usually the caterpillar feeds up and pupates the same year, but on the moors in Aberdeenshire and some other parts of Scotland it is said to hibernate and to complete its life cycle the following summer and - autumn. Furthermore, the moths from these winter larvæ are much darker - than normal, and have been doubtfully referred to var. <i>ariæ</i>, - Hübn., a form found in the Alps, Scandinavia, and Finland.</p> + autumn. Furthermore, the moths from these winter larvæ are much darker + than normal, and have been doubtfully referred to var. <i>ariæ</i>, + Hübn., a form found in the Alps, Scandinavia, and Finland.</p> <p>The moth is out in August and September, and occurs in wooded districts throughout the southern half of England, but northwards from the Midlands it is uncommon; it is found in several parts of Scotland to Inverness. In Ireland it is reported (Birchall) to have occurred in Killarney, and Kane mentions that "a blackish form was taken at - Magilligan, near Derry, by W. Salvage. Its larvæ were feeding on + Magilligan, near Derry, by W. Salvage. Its larvæ were feeding on blackthorn." The range abroad extends through Europe to Armenia and Asia Minor.</p> @@ -4931,7 +4891,7 @@ fuciformis</i>).</h5> it is often seen on the under as well as the upper surface of the wings, except in the lighter coloured forms.</p> - <p>Var. <i>callunæ</i> (The Northern Eggar), is shown on Plate <a + <p>Var. <i>callunæ</i> (The Northern Eggar), is shown on Plate <a href="#plate54">54</a>. The chief features of this form are the generally darker coloration in both sexes, the yellow patch at the base of the fore wings of the male, and the outward turn of the lower ends of the yellow @@ -4944,7 +4904,7 @@ fuciformis</i>).</h5> the wings (ab. <i>olivacea</i>, Tutt). It should be noted here that the var. <i>olivaceo-fasciata</i> has occurred once or twice in South England, but this phase of aberration seems to be more connected with - <i>callunæ</i> than with <i>quercus</i>.</p> + <i>callunæ</i> than with <i>quercus</i>.</p> <p><a name="plate54"></a></p> @@ -4977,7 +4937,7 @@ fuciformis</i>).</h5> <p><!-- Page 117 --><span class="pagenum" title="183.png"><a name="page117"></a>{117}</span></p> - <p><i>Callunæ</i> was not recognized as British until the year 1847, when + <p><i>Callunæ</i> was not recognized as British until the year 1847, when it was introduced as a species distinct from <i>quercus</i>. The late Richard Weaver, who gave it the English name of the "Scotch Eggar," took specimens of the moth at Rannoch in 1845, and he found caterpillars in @@ -4987,7 +4947,7 @@ fuciformis</i>).</h5> it is found not uncommonly in the Exmoor district, and it has been recorded from various parts of the New Forest in Hants.</p> - <p>The egg of <i>callunæ</i> is figured on Plate <a + <p>The egg of <i>callunæ</i> is figured on Plate <a href="#plate55">55</a>. It appears rather polished, and in colour is pale brown mottled with darker brown. The eggs are stated to be deposited whilst the female is on the wing, and consequently they fall to the @@ -5017,18 +4977,18 @@ fuciformis</i>).</h5> emergence of the moth is postponed until the following year, the second after hatching from the egg.</p> - <p>In the case of <i>callunæ</i>, at least as regards its normal habit in + <p>In the case of <i>callunæ</i>, at least as regards its normal habit in Scotland and southwards to the moorland districts of Yorkshire and Lancashire, the young caterpillar hibernates the first winter, feeds through the following summer, and passes the second winter as a chrysalis, the moth emerging in the following May or June.</p> <p>Generally speaking, then, it may be stated that <i>quercus</i> has a - twelve-month life cycle, whilst that of <i>callunæ</i> extends almost or + twelve-month life cycle, whilst that of <i>callunæ</i> extends almost or quite to twenty-four months, of which at least twelve months are passed as a caterpillar. However, as has been noted, <i>quercus</i> sometimes passes one winter as a caterpillar, and another as a chrysalis, thus - assuming the <i>callunæ</i> habit; whilst <i>callunæ</i> occasionally + assuming the <i>callunæ</i> habit; whilst <i>callunæ</i> occasionally attains the perfect state during the summer following that in which the caterpillar left the egg.</p> @@ -5037,7 +4997,7 @@ fuciformis</i>).</h5> ivy.</p> <p>Newman, in the <i>Entomologist</i> for 1845, gives a life history of - the Northern Eggar (<i>callunæ</i>), and from this the following details + the Northern Eggar (<i>callunæ</i>), and from this the following details are extracted. The male flies rapidly over the heather by day at the latter end of May or beginning of June; its flight is jerking or zigzag, and its object is evidently to find the female, who rarely moves until @@ -5094,9 +5054,9 @@ fuciformis</i>).</h5> <p>A bred female of either form will attract numerous males, and even the receptacle in which a newly emerged female has been placed is almost as effective as the lady herself. When staying at a cottage on the edge of a - moor near Lynton, North Devon, some years ago, I had some pupæ of the Oak + moor near Lynton, North Devon, some years ago, I had some pupæ of the Oak Eggar. One day, late in July, quite a number of males entered the cottage - and made their way to the cage in which the pupæ were, and I had no + and made their way to the cage in which the pupæ were, and I had no difficulty in boxing several of them. The next day I put the female moth, which had emerged the previous day, into a roomy chip box, and carried it in a satchel to the moor, where it was placed on the ground, the males @@ -5218,7 +5178,7 @@ fuciformis</i>).</h5> districts they may be abundant one year, and then scarce or quite absent for several years.</p> - <p>When handling the larvæ it will often be noted that the tips of one's + <p>When handling the larvæ it will often be noted that the tips of one's fingers are thickly felted with the tawny hairs from the creature's back; if these hairs get transferred to the face or neck considerable irritation may be the result.</p> @@ -5321,7 +5281,7 @@ fuciformis</i>).</h5> has frequently been noted. The old English name of The Drinker Caterpillar (1682) is therefore not only an appropriate one but shows that this larval habit was observed even at that early date. The specific - name <i>potatoria</i> given to the moth by Linné is of similar + name <i>potatoria</i> given to the moth by Linné is of similar significance.</p> <p><a name="plate60"></a></p> @@ -5400,7 +5360,7 @@ fuciformis</i>).</h5> bilberry; a moth emerged from it on April 5, 1907. The first detailed account of this species in Britain is that in the <i>Zoologist</i> for 1852, in which Mr. Atkinson records that he took a specimen in May, 1851, - at Cannock Chase in Staffordshire. A year earlier two larvæ were found by + at Cannock Chase in Staffordshire. A year earlier two larvæ were found by Mr. Green on a moor near Sheffield, and one of these attained the moth state in April, 1851. After this moths and caterpillars seem to have been taken in varying numbers down to 1896, when a specimen was captured by @@ -5423,14 +5383,14 @@ fuciformis</i>).</h5> chocolate, this species is pretty constant in its coloration. Barrett mentions a specimen of a light brown colour, and another of a pale buff. The first of these forms seems to approach the var. <i>meridionalis</i>, - Staudinger (Tutt), and the other to var. <i>ulmifolia</i>, Heuäcker, + Staudinger (Tutt), and the other to var. <i>ulmifolia</i>, Heuäcker, which are well known on the Continent. In certain favourable seasons a second generation of the moth has been obtained, chiefly perhaps, in confinement, and on the Continent; although in Britain a caterpillar or two will sometimes feed up and attain the perfect state the same year they hatch from the egg. These examples, which are much smaller, but do not otherwise differ from normal specimens, are referable to var. - <i>hoegei</i>, Heuäcker.</p> + <i>hoegei</i>, Heuäcker.</p> <p><a name="plate62"></a></p> @@ -5557,7 +5517,7 @@ fuciformis</i>).</h5> <p><!-- Page 129 --><span class="pagenum" title="205.png"><a name="page129"></a>{129}</span></p> -<h5 class="lg125">ENDROMIDIDÆ.</h5> +<h5 class="lg125">ENDROMIDIDÆ.</h5> <h5><b>The Kentish Glory</b> (<i>Endromis versicolor</i>).</h5> @@ -5656,7 +5616,7 @@ fuciformis</i>).</h5> <p><!-- Page 131 --><span class="pagenum" title="209.png"><a name="page131"></a>{131}</span></p> -<h5 class="lg125">SATURNIIDÆ.</h5> +<h5 class="lg125">SATURNIIDÆ.</h5> <h5><b>The Emperor Moth</b> (<i>Saturnia pavonia</i>).</h5> @@ -5685,7 +5645,7 @@ fuciformis</i>).</h5> black, with an orange line low down along the sides; later on it is still black, but ringed with orange. It feeds in June, July, and August on many kinds of plants, among which may be mentioned heather, bramble, sallow, - sloe; also meadow-sweet (<i>Spiræa ulmaria</i>) and purple loose-strife + sloe; also meadow-sweet (<i>Spiræa ulmaria</i>) and purple loose-strife (<i>Lythrum salicaria</i>).</p> <p>The curious cocoon formed by the caterpillar (Plate <a @@ -5713,7 +5673,7 @@ fuciformis</i>).</h5> <p>The distribution abroad extends through Europe to North Asia Minor and Armenia, and to Siberia, Amurland, and Ussuri.</p> -<h5 class="lg125">DREPANIDÆ.</h5> +<h5 class="lg125">DREPANIDÆ.</h5> <p>The British species belonging to this family, with one exception, have the tips of the fore wings pointed and curved downwards, forming a sort @@ -5733,7 +5693,7 @@ fuciformis</i>).</h5> in a silken cocoon, spun up between leaves, or in a folded leaf, of the food plant.</p> - <p>Of the eleven species occurring in the Palæarctic Region, seven are + <p>Of the eleven species occurring in the Palæarctic Region, seven are European, and six of these are found in the British Isles.</p> <h5><b>The Pebble Hook-tip</b> (<i>Drepana falcataria</i>).</h5> @@ -5870,13 +5830,13 @@ fuciformis</i>).</h5> have an obscure dusky central dot placed in the upper edge of the band, and usually there are two brownish bands on the outer marginal area, but these do not extend to the front margin. Except that the female is - generally larger, and the antennæ are simple, the sexes are much alike + generally larger, and the antennæ are simple, the sexes are much alike (Plate <a href="#plate71">71</a>).</p> <p>This species is best distinguished from <i>binaria</i> by the dark bands, and the straighter second line. The central dots are less trustworthy characters, because summer specimens of the present species - often have two of these spots on the fore wings (var. <i>æstiva</i>, + often have two of these spots on the fore wings (var. <i>æstiva</i>, Spr.), and in occasional examples of <i>binaria</i> the lower central spot of the hind wings is absent. As a rule, however, the central dots are more conspicuous in <i>binaria</i> than in <i>cultraria</i>. The egg @@ -5905,7 +5865,7 @@ fuciformis</i>).</h5> name="page137"></a>{137}</span>white, chequered with brown. Sometimes the freckling is heavy and the clouding very dark, becoming almost black on the outer margin; such specimens seem to be referable to var. - <i>scincula</i>, Hübn. In another form the fore wings are ochreous brown, + <i>scincula</i>, Hübn. In another form the fore wings are ochreous brown, with very tiny freckling and only light clouds on the upper part of the outer margin. The hind wings in all the forms are pale whitish brown, with a black central dot, and brown marginal line; in the darker @@ -6007,7 +5967,7 @@ fuciformis</i>).</h5> <p><!-- Page 139 --><span class="pagenum" title="221.png"><a name="page139"></a>{139}</span></p> -<h5 class="lg125">NOLIDÆ.</h5> +<h5 class="lg125">NOLIDÆ.</h5> <p>Some thirteen or fourteen species occurring in Europe are referred by Staudinger to this family. Only five of these occur in the British Isles. @@ -6085,7 +6045,7 @@ fuciformis</i>).</h5> second line is less wavy; hind wings whitish grey with a black central dot, and in the male whiter along the inner area. The head and palpi of this species are white, but <i>strigula</i> has a greyish white head and - dark palpi. Again, the antennæ in the male of the present species are + dark palpi. Again, the antennæ in the male of the present species are ciliated, but in male <i>strigula</i> they are bipectinated (Plate <a href="#plate73">73</a>).</p> @@ -6208,7 +6168,7 @@ fuciformis</i>).</h5> corniculatus</i>).</p> <p>The moth appears some time between mid-July and mid-August. The late - Mr. Tugwell, by keeping some larvæ, reared from the egg, in a warm room + Mr. Tugwell, by keeping some larvæ, reared from the egg, in a warm room induced them to feed up instead of hibernating, and they attained the moth state in December.</p> @@ -6221,15 +6181,15 @@ fuciformis</i>).</h5> the Kentish coast, where it was discovered over a quarter of a century ago, and probably occurs still.</p> -<h5 class="lg125">CHLÖEPHORIDÆ.</h5> +<h5 class="lg125">CHLÖEPHORIDÆ.</h5> <p>Authors are not at all agreed as to the systematic position of this family, and there seems to be some difference of opinion as to the species that properly belong to it. Sir George Hampson <!-- Page 144 --><span class="pagenum" title="228.png"><a - name="page144"></a>{144}</span>has transferred the group to the Noctuidæ + name="page144"></a>{144}</span>has transferred the group to the Noctuidæ and separated <i>S. revayana</i> from the others, placing it in his - sub-family Sarrothripinæ, to which also belong certain Indian + sub-family Sarrothripinæ, to which also belong certain Indian species.</p> <p>Only four species occur in our islands. Three of these have green fore @@ -6278,7 +6238,7 @@ fuciformis</i>).</h5> margins are tinged with the same colour, sometimes strongly so on the inner margin. The hind wings of the male are whitish, tinged with yellowish green; fringes white, more or less tinted with reddish; in the - female the hind wings are entirely silky white. Antennæ reddish (Plate <a + female the hind wings are entirely silky white. Antennæ reddish (Plate <a href="#plate73">73</a>).</p> <p>Caterpillar, green, with yellowish dots, lines on the back, and edging @@ -6306,7 +6266,7 @@ fuciformis</i>).</h5> <p>The green colour of the fore wings of this moth is rather paler than of those of the last species; they are crossed by two almost parallel - yellowish lines; hind wings white and silky. Antennæ whitish towards the + yellowish lines; hind wings white and silky. Antennæ whitish towards the tip and reddish towards the base (Plate <a href="#plate73">73</a>).</p> <p>Caterpillar green, sometimes tinged with yellow, a dark line along the @@ -6331,7 +6291,7 @@ fuciformis</i>).</h5> <p>Distributed over Central and Southern Europe, and its range extends to South Sweden, and Asia Minor.</p> -<h5 class="lg125">SARROTHRIPINÆ.</h5> +<h5 class="lg125">SARROTHRIPINÆ.</h5> <h5><b>The Large Marbled Tortrix</b> (<i>Sarrothripa revayana</i>).</h5> @@ -6385,25 +6345,25 @@ fuciformis</i>).</h5> <p>Distribution abroad: Central and Southern Europe, extending northwards to Scandinavia, and eastwards to Amurland and Japan.</p> -<h5 class="lg125">ARCTIIDÆ.</h5> +<h5 class="lg125">ARCTIIDÆ.</h5> <p>In this family Staudinger includes 161 species known to occur in the - Palæarctic Region. About forty of these are found in Europe, and + Palæarctic Region. About forty of these are found in Europe, and thirty-one of the latter rank as British species.</p> - <p>The family is usually divided into two sub-families—Arctiinæ and - Lithosiinæ, fifteen of our species being referred to the former and + <p>The family is usually divided into two sub-families—Arctiinæ and + Lithosiinæ, fifteen of our species being referred to the former and sixteen to the latter. In both groups the caterpillars are hairy, but the hairs are usually longer in those of the "Tigers" than in those of the "Footmen"; the latter, too, are lichen feeders, whilst the others prefer the foliage of plants.</p> -<h5><b>Tiger Moths</b> (<i>Arctiinæ</i>).</h5> +<h5><b>Tiger Moths</b> (<i>Arctiinæ</i>).</h5> <p>The moths in this sub-family have short, or, rather, stout bodies, and ample wings; and as the tongue is imperfectly developed in most of the species, flowers have not the same attraction for them as for the - long-winged and slender-bodied Lithosiinæ, most members of which have + long-winged and slender-bodied Lithosiinæ, most members of which have this organ well developed.</p> <p><a name="plate74"></a></p> @@ -6485,7 +6445,7 @@ fuciformis</i>).</h5> range of this species extends through Northern and Central Europe southward to North-West Africa, and eastward to Amurland.</p> -<h5><b>The Water Ermine</b> (<i>Spilosoma urticæ</i>).</h5> +<h5><b>The Water Ermine</b> (<i>Spilosoma urticæ</i>).</h5> <p>The specimens of this white moth, depicted on Plate <a href="#plate75">75</a>, are of the form usually met with in Britain. To @@ -6867,8 +6827,8 @@ fuciformis</i>).</h5> <a href="#plate82">82</a>).</p> <p>The female of this species is so different in appearance from the male - that it was described by Linnæus as distinct, under the name - <i>russula</i>. In the tenth edition of "Systema Naturæ" it is <!-- Page + that it was described by Linnæus as distinct, under the name + <i>russula</i>. In the tenth edition of "Systema Naturæ" it is <!-- Page 159 --><span class="pagenum" title="251.png"><a name="page159"></a>{159}</span>No. 510, whereas <i>sanio</i>, the male, is No. 506. We must, therefore, in accordance with the law of priority, @@ -7086,10 +7046,10 @@ fuciformis</i>).</h5> also eat chickweed, dock, nettle, groundsel, and in fact almost any low-growing plant. The outer leaves of lettuce are useful on occasion but should not be given exclusively, and it also likes the tender shoots of - gorse (<i>Ulex europæus</i>). Chrysalis and cocoon somewhat similar to + gorse (<i>Ulex europæus</i>). Chrysalis and cocoon somewhat similar to those of the last species (Plate <a href="#plate86">86</a>).</p> - <p>The moth emerges in May and June. Occasionally a few larvæ will feed + <p>The moth emerges in May and June. Occasionally a few larvæ will feed up and the moths appear the same year, but this only happens in captivity and not in the open. When reposing in the daytime, on a hedgebank for example, with the fore wings closed down over and hiding the yellow hind @@ -7209,7 +7169,7 @@ fuciformis</i>).</h5> rare aberrations in this country are var. <i>rossica</i>, Kol., with yellow hind wings; and var. <i>bithynica</i>, Staud., with the spots on the fore wings yellow, and the hind wings of the normal crimson colour. A - South European form, var. <i>persona</i>, Hübn., has the hind wings and + South European form, var. <i>persona</i>, Hübn., has the hind wings and body black, with some yellow marks on the basal area; spots on the fore wings smaller than in the type. Specimens approaching this form have been reported from Kent, which county is also noted for "black @@ -7274,8 +7234,8 @@ fuciformis</i>).</h5> fen.</p> <p><span class="sc">Note.</span>—Although <i>Callimorpha</i> is - here left in its old position among Arctiidæ, the genus has been referred - by Hampson to Hypsidæ, a family of moths belonging to the African, + here left in its old position among Arctiidæ, the genus has been referred + by Hampson to Hypsidæ, a family of moths belonging to the African, Oriental, and Australian regions. Our two species are the sole representatives of the family in Europe.</p> @@ -7322,7 +7282,7 @@ fuciformis</i>).</h5> <p>Although the eggs appear to be more frequently laid on heather than on anything else, the caterpillars do not seem to be very partial to the plant as an article of food if others are available. At the present time - (October 13) I have about a score or so of young larvæ feeding, and + (October 13) I have about a score or so of young larvæ feeding, and apparently thriving, on dandelion, lettuce, and grass, but they certainly seem to prefer the first named. They are now rather over half an inch in length, and yellowish brown in colour; there is a whitish grey stripe @@ -7331,7 +7291,7 @@ fuciformis</i>).</h5> <p>Caterpillars after hibernation have been found on the grass, <!-- Page 169 --><span class="pagenum" title="269.png"><a - name="page169"></a>{169}</span><i>Aira cæspitosa</i>, during March from + name="page169"></a>{169}</span><i>Aira cæspitosa</i>, during March from about the 10th onwards; they are then about a quarter of an inch long, and according to the late Mr. Fowler, always found on the sunny side of the clumps of <i>Aira</i> stretched out, and evidently enjoying the @@ -7437,9 +7397,9 @@ fuciformis</i>).</h5> Distribution: Southern Europe, Africa, Canaries, Madeira; Asia Minor, Armenia, Central Asia; India, and Australia.</p> - <p>Meyrick and others refer this species to <i>Utetheisa</i>, Hübn.</p> + <p>Meyrick and others refer this species to <i>Utetheisa</i>, Hübn.</p> -<h5><b>The Cinnabar</b> (<i>Hipocrita jacobææ</i>).</h5> +<h5><b>The Cinnabar</b> (<i>Hipocrita jacobææ</i>).</h5> <p>This species was named the Cinnabar by Wilkes in 1773, such name of course referring to the more or less vermillion colour of the hind wings @@ -7455,7 +7415,7 @@ fuciformis</i>).</h5> <p>The caterpillar is orange yellow and each ring is banded with purplish black; the scanty hairs are short and blackish in colour. Head black. - Feeds in July and August on ragwort (<i>Senecio jacobæa</i>) and + Feeds in July and August on ragwort (<i>Senecio jacobæa</i>) and sometimes occurs in such numbers as to completely clear large patches of the plant of every particle of green, leaving nothing but the tougher portions of the bare stems. <!-- Page 172 --><span class="pagenum" title="274.png" @@ -7523,9 +7483,9 @@ fuciformis</i>).</h5> <p><!-- Page 173 --><span class="pagenum" title="277.png"><a name="page173"></a>{173}</span></p> -<h5><b>Footman Moths</b> (<i>Lithosiinæ</i>).</h5> +<h5><b>Footman Moths</b> (<i>Lithosiinæ</i>).</h5> - <p>The members of this sub-family of Arctiidæ occurring in the British + <p>The members of this sub-family of Arctiidæ occurring in the British Isles are not numerous; we can only muster some fifteen species, and although a few are not uncommon, several are exceedingly local.</p> @@ -7866,7 +7826,7 @@ fuciformis</i>).</h5> front margins; hind wings paler, becoming greyer on the outer area; fringes of all the wings yellow. The male is fairly constant in colour, but the female sometimes has a distinct yellow stripe on the front margin - of the fore wings extending to the fringes (var. <i>ochreola</i>, Hübn.); + of the fore wings extending to the fringes (var. <i>ochreola</i>, Hübn.); more rarely in the New Forest (?), and in the Isle of Purbeck a form occurs with the fore wings orange buff, and the hind wings only slightly tinged with grey (var. <i>unicolor</i>, Bankes). (Plate <a @@ -8025,14 +7985,14 @@ fuciformis</i>).</h5> <h5><b>The Northern Footman</b> (<i>Lithosia sericea</i>).</h5> <p>Gregson named and described this insect in 1860, and in the following - year Guenée described it as <i>L. molybdeola</i>. It seems to be peculiar + year Guenée described it as <i>L. molybdeola</i>. It seems to be peculiar to England; and only occurs on the mosses of Lancashire and Cheshire. The fore wings are somewhat narrower and darker in colour than those of the Scarce Footman; and the hind wings are suffused, to a greater or lesser extent, with dark grey. Some entomologists maintain that this is probably only a small form of <i>L. complana</i>. According to Mr. Pierce it cannot be specifically separated from that species or from <i>L. - pygmæola</i> by the genitalia, the usual test in such matters. Prout, + pygmæola</i> by the genitalia, the usual test in such matters. Prout, however, has stated that Speyer, in 1867, pointed out structural differences, not only in the shape of the wings, but also in the size of the costal tuft of scales on the underside of the fore wings. It should @@ -8059,7 +8019,7 @@ fuciformis</i>).</h5> brown hairs, and the head black. August to June.</p> <p>This extremely local little moth was unknown as an inhabitant of - Britain until 1847, when it was described as <i>L. pygmæola</i>, by + Britain until 1847, when it was described as <i>L. pygmæola</i>, by Doubleday in the <i>Zoologist</i> for that year, and noted as having been found among rushes on the coast of Kent. Two years later the insect was again referred to, and it was then stated to be confined to a "space of @@ -8075,7 +8035,7 @@ fuciformis</i>).</h5> moth is a distinct species, and not a local race of <i>lutarella</i>, which is found throughout Central and Eastern Europe; ranging to South Scandinavia, Finland, and eastward to Siberia and Amurland. The var. - <i>pygmæola</i> has been obtained in Holland.</p> + <i>pygmæola</i> has been obtained in Holland.</p> <h5><b>The Hoary Footman</b> (<i>Lithosia caniola</i>).</h5> @@ -8231,14 +8191,14 @@ fuciformis</i>).</h5> <p><!-- Page 189 --><span class="pagenum" title="301.png"><a name="page189"></a>{189}</span></p> -<h5 class="lg125">NOCTUIDÆ.</h5> +<h5 class="lg125">NOCTUIDÆ.</h5> <p>This extensive assemblage of moths, commonly known as noctuas, and locally as "millers," "owlets," and "buzzards," has been divided by - Staudinger into five sub-families—Acronyctinæ, Trifinæ, - Gonopterinæ, Quadrifinæ, and Hypeninæ. These divisions are here adopted, + Staudinger into five sub-families—Acronyctinæ, Trifinæ, + Gonopterinæ, Quadrifinæ, and Hypeninæ. These divisions are here adopted, and the arrangement of species is adhered to pretty closely, except in - the Trifinæ, where it has been considered necessary to make sundry + the Trifinæ, where it has been considered necessary to make sundry alterations so as to fall more in line with later classification, at least so far as concerns genera.</p> @@ -8246,7 +8206,7 @@ fuciformis</i>).</h5> shape, and the shell is fluted or netted. Some few examples of these have been figured.</p> - <p>Most of the larvæ conceal themselves during the day, in the ground, + <p>Most of the larvæ conceal themselves during the day, in the ground, among low herbage, or in spun-together leaves, and only leave their retreat at night to feed. Most kinds change to the chrysalis state underground, but some pupate among leaves or in chinks of tree bark, @@ -8259,7 +8219,7 @@ fuciformis</i>).</h5> <p>Distribution abroad will only be referred to where this is restricted in Europe, or extends far beyond European limits.</p> -<h5 class="lg125">ACRONYCTINÆ.</h5> +<h5 class="lg125">ACRONYCTINÆ.</h5> <h5><b>The Scarce Merveille du Jour</b> (<i>Diphtera orion</i>).</h5> @@ -8285,7 +8245,7 @@ fuciformis</i>).</h5> black marked with yellow except on the top. It is also said to eat leaves of beech and birch. Staudinger gives <i>alpium</i>, Osbeck (1778), as an earlier name than <i>orion</i>, Esp. Hampson refers alpinum to - <i>Daseochæta</i>, Warren.</p> + <i>Daseochæta</i>, Warren.</p> <p>Distribution: Central and Northern Europe, and represented by var. <i>murrhina</i>, Graes., in Amurland, China, and Japan.</p> @@ -8432,7 +8392,7 @@ fuciformis</i>).</h5> <p>This well-known cockney species is on the wing from late May to mid-August. Has been bred in September from a caterpillar taken in July, - also in October from August larvæ. It is often abundant on poplars + also in October from August larvæ. It is often abundant on poplars (especially the caterpillars) in London and suburbs. Common all over the southern parts of England, except perhaps in Devon and Cornwall; its range extends through Northern England to Ross in Scotland; and it is @@ -8517,7 +8477,7 @@ fuciformis</i>).</h5> <h5><b>The Grey Dagger</b> (<i>Acronycta psi</i>).</h5> <p>The ground colour varies from whitish to blackish grey, Var. - <i>bivirgæ</i>, Tutt, is similar to var. <i>virga</i> of the last + <i>bivirgæ</i>, Tutt, is similar to var. <i>virga</i> of the last species. <!-- Page 196 --><span class="pagenum" title="310.png"><a name="page196"></a>{196}</span>In var. <i>bidens</i>, Chapman, the first cross line is double, enclosing a pale stripe; the upper part of second @@ -8570,19 +8530,19 @@ fuciformis</i>).</h5> August. It is rarely seen in the day time, but has been found resting on tree trunks. The range abroad extends to Southern Russia and Siberia.</p> -<h5><b>The Sweet-Gale Moth</b> (<i>Acronycta euphorbiæ</i> var. <i>myricæ</i>).</h5> +<h5><b>The Sweet-Gale Moth</b> (<i>Acronycta euphorbiæ</i> var. <i>myricæ</i>).</h5> - <p>Our form of this species—var. <i>myricæ</i>, Guenée (Plate <a + <p>Our form of this species—var. <i>myricæ</i>, Guenée (Plate <a href="#plate103">103</a>, Fig. 4), is rather larger and much darker than the type; but although it is generally somewhat smaller than the Alpine - var. <i>montivaga</i>, Guenée, it is not otherwise separable from that + var. <i>montivaga</i>, Guenée, it is not otherwise separable from that form. So far as concerns the British Isles, it is only found in Scotland and, rarely, in Ireland. It was first obtained in Perthshire, in 1846, by Weaver, and it is now known to occur more or less commonly through Scotland from Ayr to Sutherlandshire. In Ireland it occurs in Cork, Kerry, Galway, and Sligo, and Kane considers that specimens from Markrea, and Lough Gill in the latter county are referable rather to var. - <i>montivaga</i>, than to var. <i>myricæ</i>. The moth is out in April, + <i>montivaga</i>, than to var. <i>myricæ</i>. The moth is out in April, May, and June.</p> <p>The dark greyish caterpillar has a deep black, broken, stripe along @@ -8746,15 +8706,15 @@ fuciformis</i>).</h5> extends to Bath and Wells, Somersetshire, Marlborough and Chippenham in Wiltshire, and it has also occurred in Gloucestershire.</p> -<h5><b>The Tree-lichen Beauty</b> (<i>Bryophila algæ</i>).</h5> +<h5><b>The Tree-lichen Beauty</b> (<i>Bryophila algæ</i>).</h5> <p>The only record of this species in England that I am aware of is that by Mr. Edleston, in the <i>Intelligencer</i> for 1860, p. 11, as follows: - "Two specimens of this pretty species (<i>B. algæ</i>) were taken in this + "Two specimens of this pretty species (<i>B. algæ</i>) were taken in this district last July." The district referred to was Manchester, and the note was written on September 28, 1859.</p> -<h5 class="lg125">TRIFINÆ.</h5> +<h5 class="lg125">TRIFINÆ.</h5> <h5><b>The Turnip Moth</b> (<i>Agrotis</i> (<i>Euxoa</i>) <i>segetum</i>).</h5> @@ -8783,7 +8743,7 @@ fuciformis</i>).</h5> of the sexes (Figs. 1♂, 3♀). The normal pale brown colour is sometimes replaced by greyish, reddish, or olive brown. A specimen with black fore and hind wings has been recorded from North Wales by Mr. - Jäger. The markings vary in intensity, and occasionally are almost or + Jäger. The markings vary in intensity, and occasionally are almost or quite absent. Several of the varieties have been named. The caterpillar, which feeds on bed-straw and various grasses, etc., is greenish grey, inclining to brownish above, with a dark-edged pale line along the middle @@ -8917,7 +8877,7 @@ fuciformis</i>).</h5> <h5><b>The Crescent Dart</b> (<i>Agrotis</i> (<i>Euxoa</i>) <i>lunigera</i>).</h5> <p>Although its position in classification is that of a local form of - <i>A. trux</i>, Hübn., this moth, which is figured on Plate <a + <i>A. trux</i>, Hübn., this moth, which is figured on Plate <a href="#plate105">105</a>, Figs. 1♂, 2♀, may here retain the name that was given to it by Stephens in 1829. Except that it has been reported to occur in the north of France, it seems to be peculiar to the @@ -8983,7 +8943,7 @@ fuciformis</i>).</h5> inclining to greenish on the sides; lines greenish grey, edged with black, and a double whitish one low down on the sides. It feeds from September to June, on clover, plantain, dock, and various other low - plants; and also cow-parsnip and other umbelliferæ. The moth flies in + plants; and also cow-parsnip and other umbelliferæ. The moth flies in July and August, and is to be found in most English counties, but perhaps most commonly in the eastern. In Scotland it ranges to Moray, and seems to be generally distributed in Ireland.</p> @@ -9044,7 +9004,7 @@ fuciformis</i>).</h5> claviform is much widened and lengthened, and almost united with a dusky cloud above it (var. <i>plaga</i>, Steph.). This species is sometimes mistaken for <i>A. corticea</i>, but apart from the shorter teeth of the - male antennæ, the present species has a distinct, and often conspicuous, + male antennæ, the present species has a distinct, and often conspicuous, black mark on the front of the thorax.</p> <p><a name="plate108"></a></p> @@ -9110,7 +9070,7 @@ fuciformis</i>).</h5> name="page210"></a>{210}</span>Abroad its range extends through Europe, Asia, and North America, and also to Australia, and Honolulu.</p> -<h5><b>The Sand Dart</b> (<i>Agrotis</i> (<i>Lycophotia</i>) <i>ripæ</i>).</h5> +<h5><b>The Sand Dart</b> (<i>Agrotis</i> (<i>Lycophotia</i>) <i>ripæ</i>).</h5> <p>This species varies a good deal in the ground colour of the fore wings. According to Barrett it ranges from pure white through pale @@ -9124,7 +9084,7 @@ fuciformis</i>).</h5> <p>The caterpillar is ochreous grey, whitish tinged with pink, or greenish; the lines and spots are greyish, and the spiracles large and black; head and plate on first ring ochreous brown. It feeds on saltwort - (<i>Salsola</i>), sea rocket (<i>Cakile</i>), seablite (<i>Suæda</i>), + (<i>Salsola</i>), sea rocket (<i>Cakile</i>), seablite (<i>Suæda</i>), sea holly (<i>Eryngium</i>), and various other plants that flourish on sandy shores. It is usually full grown in late autumn, when it goes down some depth into the sand, but does not pupate until the spring. If the @@ -9157,7 +9117,7 @@ fuciformis</i>).</h5> day, but usually at night, in June, July, and in late seasons in August.</p> -<h5><b>The Portland Moth</b> (<i>Agrotis</i> (<i>Lycophotia</i>) <i>præcox</i>).</h5> +<h5><b>The Portland Moth</b> (<i>Agrotis</i> (<i>Lycophotia</i>) <i>præcox</i>).</h5> <p>The pretty greenish moth with black cross lines, white spots, and reddish-brown clouding on the outer area (Plate <a @@ -9405,8 +9365,8 @@ fuciformis</i>).</h5> <p><span class="sc">Note.</span>—Barrett mentions the following Agrotids as having occurred in the British Isles.</p> - <p><i>A. crassa</i>, Hübn., "one specimen in the cabinet of Mr. S. - Stevens." <i>A. spinifera</i>, Hübn., a specimen taken in the Isle of + <p><i>A. crassa</i>, Hübn., "one specimen in the cabinet of Mr. S. + Stevens." <i>A. spinifera</i>, Hübn., a specimen taken in the Isle of Man, August, 1869. <i>A. fennica</i>, Tauscher, a specimen recorded in the <i>Zoologist</i> for 1850, as captured in Derbyshire.</p> @@ -9681,10 +9641,10 @@ fuciformis</i>).</h5> Isles, including the Hebrides and the Orkneys. The range abroad extends to Amurland.</p> -<h5><b>The Ingrailed Clay</b> (<i>Noctua primulæ</i>).</h5> +<h5><b>The Ingrailed Clay</b> (<i>Noctua primulæ</i>).</h5> <p>This species, long known as <i>festiva</i>, but for which Esper's - earlier name <i>primulæ</i> will have to be adopted, is exceedingly + earlier name <i>primulæ</i> will have to be adopted, is exceedingly variable. Specimens of the more or less typical form and also of the forms known as <i>conflua</i> and <i>thulei</i> are portrayed on Plate <a href="#plate113">113</a>. The fore wings range in colour from pale @@ -9908,7 +9868,7 @@ fuciformis</i>).</h5> moth comes out in the following June or July. Sometimes the moth has emerged in September.</p> -<h5><b>The Lesser Yellow Underwing</b> (<i>Triphæna</i> (<i>Agrotis</i>) <i>comes</i> = <i>orbona</i>).</h5> +<h5><b>The Lesser Yellow Underwing</b> (<i>Triphæna</i> (<i>Agrotis</i>) <i>comes</i> = <i>orbona</i>).</h5> <p>This very variable species, of which the typical forms and two varieties are represented on Plate <a href="#plate115">115</a>, is to be @@ -9959,7 +9919,7 @@ fuciformis</i>).</h5> extends to Southern Scandinavia and eastward to Asia Minor and Armenia.</p> -<h5><b>The Lunar Yellow Underwing</b> (<i>Triphæna</i> (<i>Agrotis</i>) <i>orbona</i> = <i>subsequa</i>).</h5> +<h5><b>The Lunar Yellow Underwing</b> (<i>Triphæna</i> (<i>Agrotis</i>) <i>orbona</i> = <i>subsequa</i>).</h5> <p>Two specimens of this species are shown on Plate <a href="#plate115">115</a>. Fig. 1 represents a specimen from Forres, in @@ -9987,7 +9947,7 @@ fuciformis</i>).</h5> abroad is somewhat similar to that of <i>comes</i>, but it extends further north in Scandinavia.</p> -<h5><b>The Large Yellow Underwing</b> (<i>Triphæna</i> (<i>Agrotis</i>) <i>pronuba</i>).</h5> +<h5><b>The Large Yellow Underwing</b> (<i>Triphæna</i> (<i>Agrotis</i>) <i>pronuba</i>).</h5> <p>The colour of the fore wings of this common, and often abundant, species ranges through various shades of brown to dark purplish. In the @@ -10009,7 +9969,7 @@ fuciformis</i>).</h5> they were of a pale creamy-white colour, but two days afterwards the upper half of the batch became purplish grey, and the caterpillars hatched out the following morning, when the other half had also changed - colour, and the larvæ hatched next day.</p> + colour, and the larvæ hatched next day.</p> <p>The caterpillar (Plate <a href="#plate118">118</a>, Fig. 1), is obscure brownish, sometimes ochreous or green tinged; with ochreous lines @@ -10020,7 +9980,7 @@ fuciformis</i>).</h5> sometimes attain the moth state in the same year. The moth flies in June and July, and has occurred in April, September, and October.</p> -<h5><b>The Broad-bordered Yellow Underwing</b> (<i>Triphæna fimbria</i>).</h5> +<h5><b>The Broad-bordered Yellow Underwing</b> (<i>Triphæna fimbria</i>).</h5> <p>This is another species with variable coloured fore wings, and four examples of it are shown on Plate <a href="#plate116">116</a>. Pale @@ -10047,7 +10007,7 @@ fuciformis</i>).</h5> localities throughout England, Ireland, Scotland (up to Moray), and Wales.</p> -<h5><b>The Lesser Broad-border</b> (<i>Triphæna ianthina</i>).</h5> +<h5><b>The Lesser Broad-border</b> (<i>Triphæna ianthina</i>).</h5> <p>Fore wings violet or purplish grey with blackish cross bands and brownish suffusion, the latter more especially on the basal area; @@ -10065,7 +10025,7 @@ fuciformis</i>).</h5> hedgerows, and woods. It is pretty generally distributed throughout England, Wales, Ireland, and Scotland as far north as Moray.</p> -<h5><b>The Least Yellow Underwing</b> (<i>Triphæna interjecta</i>).</h5> +<h5><b>The Least Yellow Underwing</b> (<i>Triphæna interjecta</i>).</h5> <p>Fore wings, dull reddish brown with darker cross lines and shades, often faint. On the inner margin of the yellow hind wings, two dusky @@ -10244,9 +10204,9 @@ fuciformis</i>).</h5> birch, oak, sallow, bramble, etc. The moth is out in June and July, and is not uncommon in woods. The black form seems to be peculiar to north England. In Amurland the species is represented by var. <i>askolda</i>, - Oberthür, and in North America by var. <i>nimbosa</i>, Guenée.</p> + Oberthür, and in North America by var. <i>nimbosa</i>, Guenée.</p> -<h5><b>The Cabbage Moth</b> (<i>Barathra brassicæ</i>).</h5> +<h5><b>The Cabbage Moth</b> (<i>Barathra brassicæ</i>).</h5> <p>The darker markings of this very common greyish moth are often very obscure, but the white outline of the reniform stigma, and the white @@ -10266,7 +10226,7 @@ fuciformis</i>).</h5> Japan. (Plate <a href="#plate120">120</a>, Figs. 3♂, 6♀.)</p> -<h5><b>The Dot</b> (<i>Mamestra persicariæ</i>).</h5> +<h5><b>The Dot</b> (<i>Mamestra persicariæ</i>).</h5> <p>The striking feature of the bluish-black moth shown on Plate <a href="#plate120">120</a>, Figs. 1, 2, is the brownish centred white @@ -10302,7 +10262,7 @@ fuciformis</i>).</h5> central line; spiracles white, margined with black. Barrett states that it feeds in June and July, and probably as a partial second generation in September, on plantain, dandelion, and other low plants growing in sand; - probably also on <i>Atriplex</i>, <i>Chenopodium</i>, and Cruciferæ; but + probably also on <i>Atriplex</i>, <i>Chenopodium</i>, and Cruciferæ; but it is a larva of secret habits and is very little known.</p> <p><a name="plate118"></a></p> @@ -10367,7 +10327,7 @@ fuciformis</i>).</h5> autumn. Except, perhaps, in the Hebrides, it has been found throughout the British Isles.</p> -<h5><b>The Light Brocade</b> (<i>Mamestra genistæ</i>).</h5> +<h5><b>The Light Brocade</b> (<i>Mamestra genistæ</i>).</h5> <p>The moth portrayed on Plate <a href="#plate121">121</a>, Fig. 1, is not given to much variation. The central area enclosed by the cross lines @@ -10554,7 +10514,7 @@ fuciformis</i>).</h5> lines on the back, the outer lines with black marks on them; a white edged pinkish stripe along the black-margined white spiracles. It feeds from July to September, sometimes earlier or later, on goose-foot, orach, - beet, and other Chenopodiacæ, and has also been found on young leaves of + beet, and other Chenopodiacæ, and has also been found on young leaves of onion. The moth is out in May and June, and as a second generation in late July and August. In 1903 a specimen was taken, at Boscombe, on March 21. The species is more especially attached to the coast, but is @@ -10646,9 +10606,9 @@ fuciformis</i>).</h5> ><a name="page248"></a>{248}</span>that an occasional specimen may be found resting on the rocks, the moths must be netted as they fly at dusk to the flowers of <i>Silene</i>. Staudinger considers that var. - <i>barrettii</i> is identical with var. <i>argillacea</i>, Hübn.</p> + <i>barrettii</i> is identical with var. <i>argillacea</i>, Hübn.</p> -<h5><b>The Grey</b> (<i>Dianthœcia cæsia</i>).</h5> +<h5><b>The Grey</b> (<i>Dianthœcia cæsia</i>).</h5> <p>The obscurely marked slate grey insect shown on Plate <a href="#plate124">124</a>, Fig. 5, was first found at Tramore, Ireland, @@ -10901,7 +10861,7 @@ fuciformis</i>).</h5> (<i>Crepis</i>). The smaller caterpillars may be found by day resting on the yellow flowers. In confinement they will eat the flowers and seeds of garden lettuce; and Prout mentions dandelion blossoms, and also those of - almost any of the Compositæ. The moth is out from June to August, and in + almost any of the Compositæ. The moth is out from June to August, and in the daytime may be seen sitting on fences, tree trunks, rocks and walls. It is pretty generally distributed in the southern portion of England, but becomes scarce northwards. In Scotland it seems to be little known, @@ -10919,7 +10879,7 @@ fuciformis</i>).</h5> pink. These markings give the moth (Plate <a href="#plate126">126</a>, Figs. 1♂, 2♀) a netted appearance, which, apart from the different ground colour and clouding, distinguishes it from the Gothic, - with which it is sometimes confused. The antennæ, too, of the male are + with which it is sometimes confused. The antennæ, too, of the male are only fringed with minute hairs, whilst those of the male Gothic are broadly pectinated. The caterpillar is greenish or pinkish ochreous, mottled with darker, and with slightly paler lines on the back and sides; @@ -11008,7 +10968,7 @@ fuciformis</i>).</h5> also is very like that of the last species, and the caterpillar feeds on the same kinds of grass.</p> -<h5><b>Antler Moth</b> (<i>Cerapteryx</i> (<i>Charæas</i>) <i>graminis</i>).</h5> +<h5><b>Antler Moth</b> (<i>Cerapteryx</i> (<i>Charæas</i>) <i>graminis</i>).</h5> <p>This moth (Plate <a href="#plate127">127</a>, Figs. 8♂, 9♀) has the fore wings greyish brown or reddish brown, sometimes @@ -11021,8 +10981,8 @@ fuciformis</i>).</h5> aberrations have been named, and of these the following seem to be the most important: var. <i>tricuspis</i>, Esp., reddish brown; branched streak, stigmata, and bar ochreous; var. <i>rufa</i>, Tutt = - <i>tricuspis</i>, Hübn., as above, but the markings white; var. - <i>ruficosta</i>, Tutt = <i>graminis</i>, Hübn., greyish brown, with + <i>tricuspis</i>, Hübn., as above, but the markings white; var. + <i>ruficosta</i>, Tutt = <i>graminis</i>, Hübn., greyish brown, with reddish front margin, and ochreous markings; var. <i>hibernicus</i>, Curt., yellowish brown with the markings ochreous, and the stigmata more or less united with the central streak. In some specimens most of the @@ -11087,7 +11047,7 @@ fuciformis</i>).</h5> south of England would appear to be more casual than elsewhere. The range abroad extends through Northern Asia to Siberia.</p> -<h5><b>The Feathered Ear</b> (<i>Pachetra leucophæa</i>).</h5> +<h5><b>The Feathered Ear</b> (<i>Pachetra leucophæa</i>).</h5> <p>Stephens, in 1829, figured one of two specimens of this species said to have been taken near Bristol in 1816, a part of England <!-- Page 258 @@ -11150,7 +11110,7 @@ fuciformis</i>).</h5> the ripening seed pods. They were afterwards supplied with blackthorn, and did not object to the change of food. They also ate dock (sparingly), and <i>Trifolium minus</i>. "About July 8 they began to go under ground - to pupate. The pupæ, which were of a dark reddish-brown colour, and + to pupate. The pupæ, which were of a dark reddish-brown colour, and somewhat obese and blunt, being enclosed in a very compact and brittle earthy cocoon" (Doidge).</p> @@ -11284,11 +11244,11 @@ fuciformis</i>).</h5> Rannoch, by Weaver, over sixty years ago. <i>Exulis</i> (The Exile) was discovered by Mr. H. McArthur in the Shetlands in 1883. In 1896 Mr. P. M. Bright captured a specimen in the Shetlands which Barrett considered - referable to <i>maillardi</i>, Hübn. (Geyer, Fig. 833.) "Its ground + referable to <i>maillardi</i>, Hübn. (Geyer, Fig. 833.) "Its ground colour is drab-brown, abundantly marked with umberous and dusted with black, and its only conspicuous marking is the reniform stigma, which is distinctly edged with white in such a manner as to give it a singular - resemblance to <i>Mamestra</i> [<i>Barathra</i>] <i>brassicæ</i>." + resemblance to <i>Mamestra</i> [<i>Barathra</i>] <i>brassicæ</i>." Staudinger, it may be added, adopts <i>maillardi</i> as the earlier name for this species, and it may have to be generally accepted. The caterpillar is ochreous whitish, shaded with grey, and with yellowish @@ -11389,7 +11349,7 @@ fuciformis</i>).</h5> Amurland; and the North American, <i>xylinoides</i>, Guen, seems to be a form of the present species.</p> -<h5><b>The Figure of Eight Moth</b> (<i>Diloba cæruleocephala</i>).</h5> +<h5><b>The Figure of Eight Moth</b> (<i>Diloba cæruleocephala</i>).</h5> <p>The greyish-centred white marks are the chief features on the brownish fore wings of this moth (Plate <a href="#plate127">127</a>, Figs. 1, 2). @@ -11471,7 +11431,7 @@ fuciformis</i>).</h5> marks are sometimes supplemented by others, and so form a more or less complete black central band. The reniform and orbicular stigmata are often only outlined in paler brown, but they may be whitish and very - distinct. Var. <i>guenéei</i>, Doubleday, is pale ochreous brown, with + distinct. Var. <i>guenéei</i>, Doubleday, is pale ochreous brown, with the first line pale, interrupted, and terminating in a black dot on inner margin; and the second line made up of white-edged black crescents; the reniform distinctly edged with white, and there is a slender black line @@ -11558,7 +11518,7 @@ fuciformis</i>).</h5> Moray. In suitable localities it is common, and sometimes is the only visitor to the sugar patch.</p> -<h5><b>Haworth's Minor</b> (<i>Celæna haworthii</i>).</h5> +<h5><b>Haworth's Minor</b> (<i>Celæna haworthii</i>).</h5> <p>In this reddish brown moth (Plate <a href="#plate128">128</a>, Fig. 7) the reniform and orbicular stigmata are white or broadly outlined in @@ -11701,10 +11661,10 @@ fuciformis</i>).</h5> <h5><b>The Common Rustic</b> (<i>Apamea secalis</i>).</h5> - <p>Following Guenée, British entomologists at one time knew this species + <p>Following Guenée, British entomologists at one time knew this species as <i>oculea</i>; afterwards it became the habit to label it <i>didyma</i>, a name given to it by Esper in 1788. Just now the - authorities insist on <i>secalis</i>, Linnæus, being adopted. The species + authorities insist on <i>secalis</i>, Linnæus, being adopted. The species is an exceedingly variable one, and six examples of it are shown on Plate <a href="#plate132">132</a>, Figs. 6 to 11. The form with blackish fore wings and a white reniform mark is var. <i>leucostigma</i>, Esp. @@ -11746,8 +11706,8 @@ fuciformis</i>).</h5> <p>Half a dozen specimens are shown on Plate <a href="#plate134">134</a>, and these will serve to give some idea of the range of aberration in this species. The most typical of the species are those represented by Figs. 1 - and 4; the farthest removed from the type is var. <i>æthiops</i>, Haworth - (Fig. 16). In the reddish var. <i>latruncula</i>, Hübn., as figured by + and 4; the farthest removed from the type is var. <i>æthiops</i>, Haworth + (Fig. 16). In the reddish var. <i>latruncula</i>, Hübn., as figured by him, the most conspicuous character is the white lower curve of the second cross line, as in Fig. 7.</p> @@ -11950,7 +11910,7 @@ fuciformis</i>).</h5> <p>The five portraits of this moth on Plate <a href="#plate136">136</a> will give some idea of the various forms it assumes. The blackish specimen is referable to var. <i>infuscata</i>, White, and an extreme - aberration of this form has been named <i>æthiops</i>, Tutt. The + aberration of this form has been named <i>æthiops</i>, Tutt. The caterpillar is greyish, inclining to brownish or reddish; usual dots blackish; head and plate on first ring of body dark brownish, and shining. August to September, feeding on grasses and devouring the stems @@ -11965,7 +11925,7 @@ fuciformis</i>).</h5> well-defined black markings, but without distinct cross lines. When the wings are more clouded and suffused with reddish or purplish brown the paler ground colour shows up as cross lines, and these are more or less - edged with blackish (var. <i>characterea</i>, Hübner). The caterpillar + edged with blackish (var. <i>characterea</i>, Hübner). The caterpillar (Plate <a href="#plate130">130</a>, Fig. 2) is dingy brown with shining black dots; three pale ochreous lines along the back, the central one most distinct; head black and shining; plate on first ring of the body @@ -12041,7 +12001,7 @@ fuciformis</i>).</h5> <i>luneburgensis</i>, <!-- Page 283 --><span class="pagenum" title="429.png" ><a name="page283"></a>{283}</span>Freyer, the hind wings in the male, have the veins more or less blackish and dotted with black beyond the - middle; var. <i>sedi</i>, Guenée, has the fore wings pale greyish with + middle; var. <i>sedi</i>, Guenée, has the fore wings pale greyish with the markings distinct, and the central area blackish.</p> <p>The caterpillar is green, sometimes tinged with pink on the first @@ -12246,9 +12206,9 @@ fuciformis</i>).</h5> in the Isle of Man. In 1880 a specimen was taken at sugar in the middle of a small wood in South Pembrokeshire. According to Hampson this, and the other two species usually included in <i>Polia</i>, are referable to - <i>Antitype</i>, Hübn. On the same authority <i>nigrocincta</i>, Treit., + <i>Antitype</i>, Hübn. On the same authority <i>nigrocincta</i>, Treit., is the earlier name for the present species, as the figure of - <i>xanthomista</i>, Hübn., was not published until 1827.</p> + <i>xanthomista</i>, Hübn., was not published until 1827.</p> <h5><b>The Sprawler</b> (<i>Brachionycha</i> (<i>Asteroscopus</i>) <i>sphinx</i>).</h5> @@ -12290,7 +12250,7 @@ fuciformis</i>).</h5> <tr><td class="pl0"><i>Pl. 138.</i></td></tr> <tr><td class="pd0"><table style="width:100%"><tr><td class="ar pr025 pl0" style="width:10%">1.</td><td class="pl0" style="width:43%"><b>Brindled Ochre Moth.</b></td> <td class="ar pr025 pl0" style="width:10%">2, 3.</td><td class="pl0" style="width:37%"><b>Grey Chi Moth.</b></td></tr></table></td></tr> -<tr><td class="pd0"><table style="width:100%"><tr><td class="ar pr025 pl0" style="width:10%">4, 5.</td><td class="pl0" style="width:43%"><b>Grey Chi Moth</b>, <i>var. olivaceæ.</i></td> +<tr><td class="pd0"><table style="width:100%"><tr><td class="ar pr025 pl0" style="width:10%">4, 5.</td><td class="pl0" style="width:43%"><b>Grey Chi Moth</b>, <i>var. olivaceæ.</i></td> <td class="ar pr025 pl0" style="width:10%">6, 7.</td><td class="pl0" style="width:37%"><b>Large Ranunculus.</b></td></tr></table></td></tr> <tr><td class="ac">8. <b>Sprawler.</b></td></tr> </table> @@ -12319,7 +12279,7 @@ fuciformis</i>).</h5> above the claspers; spiracles white edged with black, and the usual dots are pale yellow. It feeds on birch. May and June.</p> -<h5><b>The Green-brindled Crescent</b> (<i>Miselia oxyacanthæ</i>).</h5> +<h5><b>The Green-brindled Crescent</b> (<i>Miselia oxyacanthæ</i>).</h5> <p>This moth, which in its typical form was known to the ancient fathers of entomology as "Ealing's Glory," is shown on Plate <a @@ -12482,7 +12442,7 @@ fuciformis</i>).</h5> White gives the Forth and Tay districts. Widely distributed in Ireland, common in some parts.</p> -<h5><b>The Gothic</b> (<i>Nænia typica</i>).</h5> +<h5><b>The Gothic</b> (<i>Nænia typica</i>).</h5> <p>This moth (Plate <a href="#plate142">142</a>, Fig. 2) is common in gardens, as well as along the weedy wayside and hedgerow in all parts of @@ -12499,7 +12459,7 @@ fuciformis</i>).</h5> <h5><b>The Crescent</b> (<i>Helotropha leucostigma</i>).</h5> <p>Of this purplish-brown species the typical form (Fig. 1), and the pale - banded form, var. <i>fibrosa</i>, Hübn., are shown on Plate <a + banded form, var. <i>fibrosa</i>, Hübn., are shown on Plate <a href="#plate143">143</a>. The caterpillar, according to Buckler, is slaty brown, inclining to olive drab above; three paler lines on the back; the spiracles are black and the usual dots black-brown; head warm brown, very @@ -12589,7 +12549,7 @@ fuciformis</i>).</h5> described it in 1847. An account of its caterpillar feeding in the roots of the butterbur was published by N. Cooke in 1850, and by 1855 the northern collectors had reared and distributed large numbers of the moths - among their confrères in other parts of the country. The species is still + among their confrères in other parts of the country. The species is still common in the north of England, but continues scarce and very local in Scotland. Odd specimens have been reported from the eastern counties and once from Somerset. The caterpillar is greyish white with black dots; @@ -12613,7 +12573,7 @@ fuciformis</i>).</h5> and Wales. It is found in Scotland up to Perthshire and Aberdeen. Only recorded from Wicklow, Galway, Sligo, and Clare, in Ireland.</p> -<h5><b>Reed Wainscot</b> (<i>Nonagria algæ</i> (<i>cannæ</i>)).</h5> +<h5><b>Reed Wainscot</b> (<i>Nonagria algæ</i> (<i>cannæ</i>)).</h5> <p>This moth (Plate <a href="#plate144">144</a>, Fig. 4) varies in size and also in the colour of the fore wings, which range from a pale @@ -12651,7 +12611,7 @@ fuciformis</i>).</h5> 1901 the species was recorded from South Devon. It is also not uncommon "between Old Head of Kinsale and Glandore," Co. Cork, Ireland.</p> -<h5><b>The Bulrush Wainscot</b> (<i>Nonagria typhæ</i>).</h5> +<h5><b>The Bulrush Wainscot</b> (<i>Nonagria typhæ</i>).</h5> <p>The fore wings of this species (Plate <a href="#plate144">144</a>, Fig. 5), usually of a pale whity-brown colour, in some specimens are @@ -12931,7 +12891,7 @@ fuciformis</i>).</h5> dusky; there is a row of black dots beyond the middle of the wing, but these are sometimes faint or absent. The range in size is considerable, some specimens are about the size of <i>L. straminea</i> whilst others - will equal that of a large <i>N. typhæ</i>.</p> + will equal that of a large <i>N. typhæ</i>.</p> <p>The caterpillar is whitish tinged with pink above, and with a dusky line along the back; head reddish brown and glossy; plates on first and @@ -12969,7 +12929,7 @@ fuciformis</i>).</h5> href="#plate147">147</a>, Figs. 1, 2) is pretty generally distributed over the British Isles. The typical coloration is pale ochreous; ab. <i>arcuata</i>, Stephens, is pale brownish ochreous; ab. <i>ectypa</i>, - Hübn. = <i>rufescens</i>, Haworth, is reddish; and ab. <i>suffusa</i>, + Hübn. = <i>rufescens</i>, Haworth, is reddish; and ab. <i>suffusa</i>, Stephens, is also reddish, but powdered with blackish scales between the veins, and chiefly so under the median nervure. The hind wings in all forms are white in both sexes; but sometimes slightly tinged with greyish @@ -13039,7 +12999,7 @@ fuciformis</i>).</h5> dashes indicate the usual second line. Tutt has named several forms, the most important being ab. <i>lutea</i>, bright yellow buff with discal dot and two dots beyond; and ab. <i>rufa</i>, deep reddish with discal dot - and two others beyond. Besides these there are ab. <i>ænea</i>, Mathew, + and two others beyond. Besides these there are ab. <i>ænea</i>, Mathew, deep orange, with only one dot representing second line; and ab. <i>obscura</i>, Mathew, cinnamon-brown, with smoky shading between some of the nervures. The hind wings vary from whitish with darker nervures, @@ -13275,7 +13235,7 @@ fuciformis</i>).</h5> Portugal, and France. Since Haworth described and <!-- Page 311 --><span class="pagenum" title="473.png"><a name="page311"></a>{311}</span>named it <i>unipuncta</i> in 1803 it has been renamed many times, and was long - known in England as <i>extranea</i>, Guenée. About a score have been + known in England as <i>extranea</i>, Guenée. About a score have been recorded as taken in the British Isles altogether, and of these two only in Ireland; the others were captured in England and Wales, and nearly all on the south or south-west coast, chiefly in the month of September. The @@ -13453,7 +13413,7 @@ fuciformis</i>).</h5> the outer half is suffused with brownish (Fig. 2). Then there is a somewhat rarer form, with dark grey, brown, or blackish brown fore wings, with the cross lines more or less distinct, as in Fig. 3; or with the - central one absent (var. <i>bilinea</i>, Hübn.); or all the lines may be + central one absent (var. <i>bilinea</i>, Hübn.); or all the lines may be obscured by the dark colour. Kane states that var. <i>obscura</i>, Tutt (= <i>bilinea</i>, Haw.), is pretty common at Howth and other places in Ireland, and, according to Barrett, it is not infrequent in Wales. The @@ -13684,7 +13644,7 @@ fuciformis</i>).</h5> and narrower-winged female. Var. <i>morrisii</i>, Dale, seems to be a whiter form of this species. <!-- Page 321 --><span class="pagenum" title="487.png" ><a name="page321"></a>{321}</span>The caterpillar, which may be found in - May and June in the flower stems of <i>Aira cæspitosa</i>, is of a pale + May and June in the flower stems of <i>Aira cæspitosa</i>, is of a pale pinkish ochreous with three darker bars on each ring, and a brown, glossy head. The moth flies in July and part of August, and may be found, often in abundance, in most English and Welsh counties, in Scotland to @@ -13844,7 +13804,7 @@ fuciformis</i>).</h5> America.</p> <p><span class="sc">Note.</span>—Some recent authors refer this and - the preceding species to <i>Pyrophila</i>, Hübn.</p> + the preceding species to <i>Pyrophila</i>, Hübn.</p> <h5><b>The Pine Beauty</b> (<i>Panolis griseo-variegata</i> = <i>piniperda</i>).</h5> @@ -13912,7 +13872,7 @@ fuciformis</i>).</h5> It seems to be pretty generally distributed throughout the British Isles, including the Orkneys.</p> -<h5><b>The Hebrew Character</b> (<i>Tæniocampa gothica</i>).</h5> +<h5><b>The Hebrew Character</b> (<i>Tæniocampa gothica</i>).</h5> <p>This species (Plate <a href="#plate155">155</a>) varies in the general colour of the fore wings from pale purplish grey to dark reddish brown. @@ -13936,7 +13896,7 @@ fuciformis</i>).</h5> sallow bloom all over the British Isles. The range of the species abroad extends to Amurland.</p> -<h5><b>The Blossom Underwing</b> (<i>Tæniocampa miniosa</i>).</h5> +<h5><b>The Blossom Underwing</b> (<i>Tæniocampa miniosa</i>).</h5> <p>A portrait of this species will be found on Plate <a href="#plate158">158</a>, Fig. 8. The fore wings are pinkish, or reddish @@ -13961,7 +13921,7 @@ fuciformis</i>).</h5> Wales (Pembroke and Dolgelly), and appears to be rare in Ireland, except at Glenmalure, Co. Wicklow.</p> -<h5><b>The Small Quaker</b> (<i>Tæniocampa pulverulenta</i>).</h5> +<h5><b>The Small Quaker</b> (<i>Tæniocampa pulverulenta</i>).</h5> <p>Most specimens of this species (Plate <a href="#plate158">158</a>, Figs. 9♂, 10♀) have the fore wings pale greyish ochreous, @@ -13985,7 +13945,7 @@ fuciformis</i>).</h5> some districts of Wicklow and Galway, but local and rather scarce in other parts of Ireland.</p> -<h5><b>The Common Quaker</b> (<i>Tæniocampa stabilis</i>).</h5> +<h5><b>The Common Quaker</b> (<i>Tæniocampa stabilis</i>).</h5> <p>The ground colour of the fore wings of this species (Plate <a href="#plate158">158</a>, Figs. 1, 2) ranges from whitish or pale grey @@ -14005,7 +13965,7 @@ fuciformis</i>).</h5> moth flies in March and April, and is generally common throughout the British Isles, except, perhaps, the islands of Scotland.</p> -<h5><b>The Lead-coloured Drab</b> (<i>Tæniocampa populeti</i>).</h5> +<h5><b>The Lead-coloured Drab</b> (<i>Tæniocampa populeti</i>).</h5> <p>The ground colour of the species shown on Plate <a href="#plate157">157</a>, Figs. 7, 8, is usually some shade of purplish @@ -14029,7 +13989,7 @@ fuciformis</i>).</h5> in Ireland. <!-- Page 330 --><span class="pagenum" title="498.png"><a name="page330"></a>{330}</span></p> -<h5><b>The Clouded Drab</b> (<i>Tæniocampa incerta</i>).</h5> +<h5><b>The Clouded Drab</b> (<i>Tæniocampa incerta</i>).</h5> <p>Six specimens of this most variable species are shown on Plate <a href="#plate157">157</a>, Figs. 1 to 6. To refer in detail to all the @@ -14050,7 +14010,7 @@ fuciformis</i>).</h5> href="#plate156">156</a>, Fig. 2.) The moth is generally to be found at sallow-bloom in almost every part of the British Isles.</p> -<h5><b>The Twin-spotted Quaker</b> (<i>Tæniocampa munda</i>).</h5> +<h5><b>The Twin-spotted Quaker</b> (<i>Tæniocampa munda</i>).</h5> <p>The fore wings range in ground colour from very pale ochreous (typical) or pale greyish (var. <i>pallida</i>, Tutt), through reddish @@ -14109,7 +14069,7 @@ fuciformis</i>).</h5> <p><!-- Page 331 --><span class="pagenum" title="501.png"><a name="page331"></a>{331}</span></p> -<h5><b>The Northern Drab</b> (<i>Tæniocampa opima</i>).</h5> +<h5><b>The Northern Drab</b> (<i>Tæniocampa opima</i>).</h5> <p>The dark form (var. <i>brunnea</i>, Tutt) (Plate <a href="#plate157">157</a>, Fig. 10 ♂) has the outlines of the @@ -14129,7 +14089,7 @@ fuciformis</i>).</h5> Essex, Surrey, and Sussex. Renton records it from Roxburghshire in Scotland, and Kane states that it is local in Ireland.</p> -<h5><b>The Powdered Quaker</b> (<i>Tæniocampa gracilis</i>).</h5> +<h5><b>The Powdered Quaker</b> (<i>Tæniocampa gracilis</i>).</h5> <p>In the ordinary English form of this species (Plate <a href="#plate158">158</a>, Figs. 3 ♂, 4 ♀) the fore wings @@ -14146,7 +14106,7 @@ fuciformis</i>).</h5> bluish; usual spots whitish; three whitish or yellowish lines along the back and one along the sides, the latter shaded above with dark green or blackish; head ochreous brown. It feeds from May to July on meadow-sweet - (<i>Spiræa</i>), fleabane (<i>Inula</i>), purple loosestrife (<i>Lythrum + (<i>Spiræa</i>), fleabane (<i>Inula</i>), purple loosestrife (<i>Lythrum salicaria</i>), yellow loosestrife (<i>Lysimachia vulgaris</i>), sweet-gale, sallow, bramble, etc. The moth is out in April and May, and is often plentiful at damson and plum blossom, as well as sallow catkins. @@ -14206,11 +14166,11 @@ fuciformis</i>).</h5> wrote:—'In 1860 or 1861, T. Porter (still living) brought me two fine specimens of a moth I did not know. They were of both sexes. I purchased them from him, and sent them on to the Rev. H. Burney, who - forwarded them to Henry Doubleday. From him they went to Guenée, and he + forwarded them to Henry Doubleday. From him they went to Guenée, and he returned them with the remark that he had a specimen in his collection marked as a variety of <i>L. testacea</i>, but he was quite satisfied they represented a good species when he saw both sexes. H. Doubleday then - named them after Guenée, as the latter was evidently the original captor. + named them after Guenée, as the latter was evidently the original captor. I saw Porter again, and he told me another man, by name H. Stephenson, had one. They took three in all near the ferry at Rhyl, North Wales. I sent Porter again, and went myself, but we failed to find more @@ -14289,15 +14249,15 @@ fuciformis</i>).</h5> <div class="stanza"> <p><i>Acherontia Atropos</i>, <a href="#page24">24</a>. <i>Plates <a href="#plate8">8</a>, <a href="#plate9">9</a>, <a href="#plate11">11</a></i></p> <p><i>Acosmetia caliginosa</i>, <a href="#page321">321</a></p> - <p><i>Acronyctinæ</i>, <a href="#page189">189</a></p> + <p><i>Acronyctinæ</i>, <a href="#page189">189</a></p> <p><i>Acronycta aceris</i>, <a href="#page192">192</a>, <i>Plates <a href="#plate100">100</a>, <a href="#plate102">102</a></i>;</p> <p class="i2"><i>alni</i>, <a href="#page193">193</a>, <i>Plate <a href="#plate100">100</a></i>;</p> <p class="i2"><i>auricoma</i>, <a href="#page196">196</a>, <i>Plates <a href="#plate102">102</a>, <a href="#plate103">103</a></i>;</p> - <p class="i2"><i>euphorbiæ</i>, <a href="#page197">197</a>, <i>Plate <a href="#plate103">103</a></i>;</p> + <p class="i2"><i>euphorbiæ</i>, <a href="#page197">197</a>, <i>Plate <a href="#plate103">103</a></i>;</p> <p class="i2"><i>leporina</i>, <a href="#page161">161</a>, <i>Plate <a href="#plate100">100</a></i>;</p> <p class="i2"><i>megacephala</i>, <a href="#page193">193</a>, <i>Plates <a href="#plate100">100</a>, <a href="#plate101">101</a></i>;</p> <p class="i2"><i>menyanthidis</i>, <a href="#page196">196</a>, <i>Plate <a href="#plate103">103</a></i>;</p> - <p class="i2"><i>myricæ</i>, <a href="#page197">197</a>, <i>Plate <a href="#plate103">103</a></i>;</p> + <p class="i2"><i>myricæ</i>, <a href="#page197">197</a>, <i>Plate <a href="#plate103">103</a></i>;</p> <p class="i2"><i>psi</i>, <a href="#page195">195</a>, <i>Plates <a href="#plate100">100</a>, <a href="#plate101">101</a></i>;</p> <p class="i2"><i>rumicis</i>, <a href="#page198">198</a>, <i>Plates <a href="#plate102">102</a>, <a href="#plate103">103</a></i>;</p> <p class="i2"><i>strigosa</i>, <a href="#page194">194</a>, <i>Plate <a href="#plate100">100</a></i>;</p> @@ -14319,10 +14279,10 @@ fuciformis</i>).</h5> <p class="i2"><i>obelisca</i>, <a href="#page208">208</a>, <i>Plate <a href="#plate106">106</a></i>;</p> <p class="i2"><i>obscura</i>, <a href="#page215">215</a>, <i>Plate <a href="#plate107">107</a></i>;</p> <p class="i2"><i>orbona</i>, <a href="#page230">230</a>, <a href="#page231">231</a>, <i>Plates <a href="#plate115">115</a>, <a href="#plate118">118</a></i>;</p> - <p class="i2"><i>præcox</i>, <a href="#page211">211</a>, <i>Plate <a href="#plate107">107</a></i>;</p> + <p class="i2"><i>præcox</i>, <a href="#page211">211</a>, <i>Plate <a href="#plate107">107</a></i>;</p> <p class="i2"><i>pronuba</i>, <a href="#page232">232</a>, <i>Plates <a href="#plate115">115</a>, <a href="#plate118">118</a></i>;</p> <p class="i2"><i>puta</i>, <a href="#page204">204</a>, <i>Plate <a href="#plate104">104</a></i>;</p> - <p class="i2"><i>ripæ</i>, <a href="#page210">210</a>, <i>Plate <a href="#plate106">106</a></i>;</p> + <p class="i2"><i>ripæ</i>, <a href="#page210">210</a>, <i>Plate <a href="#plate106">106</a></i>;</p> <p class="i2"><i>saucia</i>, <a href="#page212">212</a>, <i>Plate <a href="#plate104">104</a></i>;</p> <p class="i2"><i>segetum</i>, <a href="#page201">201</a>, <i>Plate <a href="#plate104">104</a></i>;</p> <p class="i2"><i>simulans</i>, <a href="#page214">214</a>, <i>Plate <a href="#plate107">107</a></i>;</p> @@ -14339,7 +14299,7 @@ fuciformis</i>).</h5> <p class="i2"><i>tragopogonis</i>, <a href="#page324">324</a>, <i>Plates <a href="#plate154">154</a>, <a href="#plate156">156</a></i></p> <p>Angle Shades, <a href="#page291">291</a>. <i>Plate <a href="#plate141">141</a></i></p> <p>Anomalous, <a href="#page315">315</a>. <i>Plates <a href="#plate151">151</a>, <a href="#plate152">152</a></i></p> - <p><i>Antennæ</i>, <a href="#page1">1</a>, <a href="#page3">3</a></p> + <p><i>Antennæ</i>, <a href="#page1">1</a>, <a href="#page3">3</a></p> <p>Antler Moth, <a href="#page256">256</a>. <i>Plate <a href="#plate127">127</a></i></p> <p><i>Apamea basilinea</i>, <a href="#page272">272</a>, <i>Plate <a href="#plate132">132</a></i>;</p> <p class="i2"><i>gemina</i>, <a href="#page272">272</a>, <i>Plate <a href="#plate131">131</a></i>;</p> @@ -14354,10 +14314,10 @@ fuciformis</i>).</h5> <p><i>Aporophyla lutulenta</i>, <a href="#page289">289</a>, <i>Plate <a href="#plate137">137</a></i>;</p> <p class="i2"><i>nigra</i>, <a href="#page283">283</a>, <i>Plates <a href="#plate137">137</a>, <a href="#plate139">139</a></i></p> <p>Archer's Dart, <a href="#page202">202</a>. <i>Plate <a href="#plate104">104</a></i></p> - <p><i>Arctiidæ</i>, <a href="#page7">7</a>, <a href="#page148">148</a></p> + <p><i>Arctiidæ</i>, <a href="#page7">7</a>, <a href="#page148">148</a></p> <p><i>Arctia caia</i>, <a href="#page100">100</a>, <i>Plates <a href="#plate82">82</a>, <a href="#plate84">84</a>, <a href="#plate85">85</a></i>;</p> <p class="i2"><i>villica</i>, <a href="#page162">162</a>, <i>Plates <a href="#plate86">86</a>, <a href="#plate87">87</a></i></p> - <p><i>Arctiinæ</i>, <a href="#page148">148</a></p> + <p><i>Arctiinæ</i>, <a href="#page148">148</a></p> <p>Areas of Wings, <a href="#page5">5</a></p> <p><i>Arsilonche albovenosa</i>, <a href="#page199">199</a>. <i>Plate <a href="#plate130">130</a></i></p> <p><i>Ascometia caliginosa</i>, <a href="#page321">321</a>. <i>Plate <a href="#plate153">153</a></i></p> @@ -14371,7 +14331,7 @@ fuciformis</i>).</h5> </div> <div class="stanza"> - <p><i>Barathra brassicæ</i>, <a href="#page239">239</a>. <i>Plate <a href="#plate120">120</a></i></p> + <p><i>Barathra brassicæ</i>, <a href="#page239">239</a>. <i>Plate <a href="#plate120">120</a></i></p> <p>Barred Chestnut, <a href="#page225">225</a>. <i>Plate <a href="#plate114">114</a></i></p> <p>Barred Hook-tip, <a href="#page135">135</a>. <i>Plates <a href="#plate70">70</a>, <a href="#plate71">71</a></i></p> <p>Barrett's Marbled Coronet, <a href="#page247">247</a>. <i>Plate <a href="#plate123">123</a></i></p> @@ -14404,7 +14364,7 @@ fuciformis</i>).</h5> <p>Brown Rustic, <a href="#page323">323</a>. <i>Plates <a href="#plate152">152</a>, <a href="#plate153">153</a></i></p> <p>Brown-tail, <a href="#page99">99</a>. <i>Plates <a href="#plate42">42</a>, <a href="#plate43">43</a>, <a href="#plate44">44</a></i></p> <p>Brown-veined Wainscot, <a href="#page298">298</a>. <i>Plates <a href="#plate144">144</a>, <a href="#plate148">148</a></i></p> - <p><i>Bryophila algæ</i>, <a href="#page201">201</a>;</p> + <p><i>Bryophila algæ</i>, <a href="#page201">201</a>;</p> <p class="i2"><i>glandifera</i>, <a href="#page200">200</a>, <i>Plate <a href="#plate103">103</a></i>;</p> <p class="i2"><i>perla</i>, <a href="#page200">200</a>, <i>Plate <a href="#plate103">103</a></i></p> <p>Buff Arches, <a href="#page85">85</a>. <i>Plate <a href="#plate36">36</a></i></p> @@ -14433,17 +14393,17 @@ fuciformis</i>).</h5> <p>Catch and Bristle, <a href="#page4">4</a></p> <p>Caterpillar, <a href="#page1">1</a></p> <p><i>Celerio galii</i>, <a href="#page38">38</a>. <i>Plates <a href="#plate14">14</a>, <a href="#plate15">15</a></i></p> - <p><i>Celæna haworthii</i>, <a href="#page269">269</a>. <i>Plate <a href="#plate128">128</a></i></p> + <p><i>Celæna haworthii</i>, <a href="#page269">269</a>. <i>Plate <a href="#plate128">128</a></i></p> <p><i>Cerigo matura</i>, <a href="#page269">269</a>. <i>Plate <a href="#plate128">128</a></i></p> <p><i>Cerura bicuspis</i>, <a href="#page58">58</a>, <i>Plate <a href="#plate22">22</a></i>;</p> <p class="i2"><i>bifida</i>, <a href="#page59">59</a>, <i>Plates</i> <a href="#plate22">22</a>, <a href="#plate23">23</a>;</p> <p class="i2"><i>furcula</i>, <a href="#page61">61</a>, <i>Plates</i> <a href="#plate22">22</a>, <a href="#plate23">23</a></p> <p><i>Chabuata conigera</i>, <a href="#page313">313</a></p> - <p><i>Charæas graminis</i>, <a href="#page256">256</a>. <i>Plate <a href="#plate127">127</a></i></p> + <p><i>Charæas graminis</i>, <a href="#page256">256</a>. <i>Plate <a href="#plate127">127</a></i></p> <p>Chinese Character, <a href="#page138">138</a>. <i>Plate <a href="#plate71">71</a></i></p> - <p><i>Chloephoridæ</i>, <a href="#page143">143</a></p> + <p><i>Chloephoridæ</i>, <a href="#page143">143</a></p> <p>Chocolate-tip, <a href="#page82">82</a>. <i>Plates <a href="#plate34">34</a>, <a href="#plate35">35</a></i></p> - <p><i>Chærocampa celerio</i>, <a href="#page43">43</a>, <i>Plates <a href="#plate1">1</a>, <a href="#plate16">16</a></i>;</p> + <p><i>Chærocampa celerio</i>, <a href="#page43">43</a>, <i>Plates <a href="#plate1">1</a>, <a href="#plate16">16</a></i>;</p> <p class="i2"><i>elpenor</i>, <a href="#page49">49</a>, <i>Plates <a href="#plate17">17</a>, <a href="#plate19">19</a></i>;</p> <p class="i2"><i>nerii</i>, <a href="#page45">45</a>, <i>Plates <a href="#plate1">1</a>, <a href="#plate16">16</a>;</i></p> <p class="i2"><i>porcellus</i>, <a href="#page48">48</a>, <i>Plates <a href="#plate18">18</a>, <a href="#plate19">19</a></i></p> @@ -14464,7 +14424,7 @@ fuciformis</i>).</h5> <p>Clouded Buff, <a href="#page158">158</a>. <i>Plates <a href="#plate82">82</a>, <a href="#plate83">83</a></i></p> <p>Clouded Drab, <a href="#page330">330</a>. <i>Plate <a href="#plate157">157</a></i></p> <p>Coast Dart, <a href="#page206">206</a>. <i>Plate <a href="#plate106">106</a></i></p> - <p><i>Cochliopodidæ</i>, <a href="#page6">6</a></p> + <p><i>Cochliopodidæ</i>, <a href="#page6">6</a></p> <p><i>Cœnobia rufa</i>, <a href="#page299">299</a>. <i>Plate <a href="#plate145">145</a></i></p> <p><i>Cœnophila subrosea</i>, <a href="#page217">217</a>. <i>Plate <a href="#plate108">108</a></i></p> <p><i>Comacla senex</i>, <a href="#page175">175</a>. <i>Plate <a href="#plate95">95</a></i></p> @@ -14481,7 +14441,7 @@ fuciformis</i>).</h5> <p class="i2"><i>striata</i>, <a href="#page167">167</a>, <i>Plate <a href="#plate90">90</a></i></p> <p>Cosmopolitan, <a href="#page311">311</a>. <i>Plate <a href="#plate149">149</a></i></p> <p><i>Cosmotriche potatoria</i>, <a href="#page123">123</a>. <i>Plates <a href="#plate60">60</a>, <a href="#plate61">61</a></i></p> - <p><i>Cossidæ</i>, <a href="#page6">6</a></p> + <p><i>Cossidæ</i>, <a href="#page6">6</a></p> <p><i>Cossus ligniperda</i>, <a href="#page6">6</a></p> <p>Costa, <a href="#page5">5</a></p> <p>Cousin German, <a href="#page227">227</a>. <i>Plate <a href="#plate114">114</a></i></p> @@ -14496,7 +14456,7 @@ fuciformis</i>).</h5> <p>Crimson Speckled Footman, <a href="#page169">169</a>. <i>Plates <a href="#plate92">92</a>, <a href="#plate94">94</a></i></p> <p><i>Crymodes exulis</i>, <a href="#page262">262</a>. <i>Plate <a href="#plate123">123</a></i></p> <p><i>Cybosia mesomella</i>, <a href="#page178">178</a>. <i>Plate <a href="#plate95">95</a></i></p> - <p><i>Cymbidæ</i>, <a href="#page7">7</a></p> + <p><i>Cymbidæ</i>, <a href="#page7">7</a></p> </div> <div class="stanza"> @@ -14512,7 +14472,7 @@ fuciformis</i>).</h5> <p>Death's-Head Hawk Moth, <a href="#page24">24</a>. <i>Plates <a href="#plate8">8</a>, <a href="#plate9">9</a>, <a href="#plate11">11</a></i></p> <p>December Moth, <a href="#page113">113</a>. <i>Plates <a href="#plate50">50</a>, <a href="#plate53">53</a></i></p> <p>Deep-brown Dart, <a href="#page282">282</a>. <i>Plate <a href="#plate137">137</a></i></p> - <p><i>Deilephila euphorbiæ</i>, <a href="#page36">36</a>, <i>Plates <a href="#plate1">1</a>, <a href="#plate14">14</a>, <a href="#plate15">15</a></i>;</p> + <p><i>Deilephila euphorbiæ</i>, <a href="#page36">36</a>, <i>Plates <a href="#plate1">1</a>, <a href="#plate14">14</a>, <a href="#plate15">15</a></i>;</p> <p class="i2"><i>galii</i>, <a href="#page38">38</a>, <i>Plates <a href="#plate14">14</a>, <a href="#plate15">15</a></i>;</p> <p class="i2"><i>livornica</i>, <a href="#page41">41</a>, <i>Plate <a href="#plate15">15</a></i></p> <p><i>Deiopeia pulchella</i>, <a href="#page169">169</a>. <i>Plates <a href="#plate92">92</a>, <a href="#plate94">94</a></i></p> @@ -14527,7 +14487,7 @@ fuciformis</i>).</h5> <p class="i2"><i>capsophila</i>, <a href="#page251">251</a>, <i>Plate <a href="#plate124">124</a></i>;</p> <p class="i2"><i>capsincola</i>, <a href="#page250">250</a>, <i>Plates <a href="#plate124">124</a>, <a href="#plate130">130</a></i>;</p> <p class="i2"><i>carpophaga</i>, <a href="#page251">251</a>, <i>Plate <a href="#plate124">124</a></i>;</p> - <p class="i2"><i>cæsia</i>, <a href="#page248">248</a>, <i>Plate <a href="#plate123">123</a></i>;</p> + <p class="i2"><i>cæsia</i>, <a href="#page248">248</a>, <i>Plate <a href="#plate123">123</a></i>;</p> <p class="i2"><i>compta</i>, <a href="#page250">250</a>, <i>Plate <a href="#plate124">124</a></i>;</p> <p class="i2"><i>conspersa</i>, <a href="#page248">248</a>, <i>Plate <a href="#plate123">123</a></i>;</p> <p class="i2"><i>cucubali</i>, <a href="#page251">251</a>, <i>Plate <a href="#plate124">124</a></i>;</p> @@ -14535,10 +14495,10 @@ fuciformis</i>).</h5> <p class="i2"><i>luteago</i>, <a href="#page247">247</a>, <i>Plate <a href="#plate123">123</a></i></p> <p><i>Diaphora mendica</i>, <a href="#page153">153</a>. <i>Plates <a href="#plate75">75</a>, <a href="#plate78">78</a>, <a href="#plate79">79</a></i></p> <p><i>Dicranura vinula</i>, <a href="#page62">62</a>. <i>Plates <a href="#plate24">24</a>, <a href="#plate25">25</a></i></p> - <p><i>Dilina tiliæ</i>, <a href="#page17">17</a>. <i>Plates <a href="#plate2">2</a>, <a href="#plate3">3</a></i></p> + <p><i>Dilina tiliæ</i>, <a href="#page17">17</a>. <i>Plates <a href="#plate2">2</a>, <a href="#plate3">3</a></i></p> <p>Dingy Footman, <a href="#page181">181</a>. <i>Plates <a href="#plate97">97</a>, <a href="#plate98">98</a></i></p> <p>Disc, <a href="#page5">5</a></p> - <p><i>Diloba cæruleocephala</i>, <a href="#page265">265</a>. <i>Plates <a href="#plate127">127</a>, <a href="#plate133">133</a></i></p> + <p><i>Diloba cæruleocephala</i>, <a href="#page265">265</a>. <i>Plates <a href="#plate127">127</a>, <a href="#plate133">133</a></i></p> <p><i>Diphtera orion</i>, <a href="#page189">189</a>. <i>Plates <a href="#plate100">100</a>, <a href="#plate101">101</a></i></p> <p><i>Dipterygia scabriuscula</i>, <a href="#page281">281</a>. <i>Plate <a href="#plate137">137</a></i></p> <p>Dog's Tooth, <a href="#page242">242</a>. <i>Plate <a href="#plate121">121</a></i></p> @@ -14557,7 +14517,7 @@ fuciformis</i>).</h5> <p class="i2"><i>falcataria</i>, <a href="#page133">133</a>, <i>Plates <a href="#plate68">68</a>, <a href="#plate69">69</a></i>;</p> <p class="i2"><i>harpagula</i>, <a href="#page134">134</a>, <i>Plates <a href="#plate68">68</a>, <a href="#plate69">69</a></i>;</p> <p class="i2"><i>lacertinaria</i>, <a href="#page136">136</a>, <i>Plates, <a href="#plate69">69</a>, <a href="#plate71">71</a></i></p> - <p><i>Drepanidæ</i>, <a href="#page132">132</a></p> + <p><i>Drepanidæ</i>, <a href="#page132">132</a></p> <p>Drinker, <a href="#page8">8</a>, <a href="#page123">123</a>. <i>Plates <a href="#plate60">60</a>, <a href="#plate61">61</a></i></p> <p><i>Drymonia chaonia</i>, <a href="#page68">68</a>, <i>Plates <a href="#plate28">28</a>, <a href="#plate29">29</a></i>;</p> <p class="i2"><i>trimacula</i>, <a href="#page67">67</a>, <i>Plate <a href="#plate28">28</a></i></p> @@ -14573,7 +14533,7 @@ fuciformis</i>).</h5> <p>Egg, <a href="#page1">1</a></p> <p>Elephant, <a href="#page49">49</a>. <i>Plates <a href="#plate17">17</a>, <a href="#plate19">19</a></i></p> <p>Emperor Moth, <a href="#page131">131</a>. <i>Plates <a href="#plate66">66</a>, <a href="#plate67">67</a></i></p> - <p><i>Endromididæ</i>, <a href="#page129">129</a></p> + <p><i>Endromididæ</i>, <a href="#page129">129</a></p> <p><i>Endromis versicolor</i>, <a href="#page129">129</a>. <i>Plates <a href="#plate64">64</a>, <a href="#plate65">65</a></i></p> <p><i>Endrosa irrorella</i>, <a href="#page177">177</a>. <i>Plate <a href="#plate95">95</a></i></p> <p><i>Epia irregularis</i>, <a href="#page252">252</a></p> @@ -14638,7 +14598,7 @@ fuciformis</i>).</h5> <p>Garden Dart, <a href="#page207">207</a>. <i>Plate <a href="#plate106">106</a></i></p> <p>Garden Tiger, <a href="#page160">160</a>. <i>Plates <a href="#plate82">82</a>, <a href="#plate84">84</a>, <a href="#plate85">85</a></i></p> <p><i>Gastropacha quercifolia</i>, <a href="#page126">126</a>. <i>Plates <a href="#plate62">62</a>, <a href="#plate63">63</a></i></p> - <p><i>Geometridæ</i>, <a href="#page7">7</a></p> + <p><i>Geometridæ</i>, <a href="#page7">7</a></p> <p>Gipsy, <a href="#page103">103</a>. <i>Plate <a href="#plate46">46</a></i></p> <p>Glaucous Shears, <a href="#page245">245</a>. <i>Plate <a href="#plate122">122</a></i></p> <p><i>Gluphisia crenata</i>, <a href="#page66">66</a>. <i>Plate <a href="#plate28">28</a></i></p> @@ -14670,7 +14630,7 @@ fuciformis</i>).</h5> <p><i>Hama abjecta</i>, <a href="#page270">270</a>, <i>Plate <a href="#plate131">131</a></i>;</p> <p class="i2"><i>furva</i>, <a href="#page271">271</a>, <i>Plate <a href="#plate131">131</a></i>;</p> <p class="i2"><i>sordida</i>, <a href="#page271">271</a>, <i>Plate <a href="#plate131">131</a></i></p> - <p><i>Hapalia præcox</i>, <a href="#page211">211</a>. <i>Plate <a href="#plate107">107</a></i></p> + <p><i>Hapalia præcox</i>, <a href="#page211">211</a>. <i>Plate <a href="#plate107">107</a></i></p> <p>Hawk-Moths, <a href="#page6">6</a>, <a href="#page17">17</a>. <i>Plates <a href="#plate1">1</a>-21</i></p> <p>Haworth's Minor, <a href="#page269">269</a>. <i>Plate <a href="#plate128">128</a></i></p> <p>Heart and Club, <a href="#page203">203</a>. <i>Plates <a href="#plate105">105</a>, <a href="#plate109">109</a></i></p> @@ -14684,11 +14644,11 @@ fuciformis</i>).</h5> <p><i>Helotropha leucostigma</i>, <a href="#page293">293</a>. <i>Plate <a href="#plate143">143</a></i></p> <p><i>Hemaris fuciformis</i>, <a href="#page53">53</a>, <i>Plates <a href="#plate20">20</a>, <a href="#plate21">21</a></i>;</p> <p class="i2"><i>tityus</i>, <a href="#page55">55</a>, <i>Plates <a href="#plate20">20</a>, <a href="#plate21">21</a></i></p> - <p><i>Hepialidæ</i>, <a href="#page7">7</a></p> + <p><i>Hepialidæ</i>, <a href="#page7">7</a></p> <p><i>Heterogenea limacodes</i>, <a href="#page6">6</a></p> <p><i>Heterocera</i>, <a href="#page1">1</a></p> <p><i>Hippotion celerio</i>, <a href="#page43">43</a>. <i>Plates <a href="#plate1">1</a>, <a href="#plate16">16</a></i></p> - <p><i>Hipocrita jacobææ</i>, <a href="#page171">171</a>. <i>Plates <a href="#plate92">92</a>, <a href="#plate93">93</a></i></p> + <p><i>Hipocrita jacobææ</i>, <a href="#page171">171</a>. <i>Plates <a href="#plate92">92</a>, <a href="#plate93">93</a></i></p> <p>Hoary Footman, <a href="#page185">185</a>. <i>Plates <a href="#plate98">98</a>, <a href="#plate99">99</a></i></p> <p>Hook-tips, <a href="#page132">132</a></p> <p>Humming-bird Hawk-moth, <a href="#page51">51</a>. <i>Plate <a href="#plate21">21</a></i></p> @@ -14696,7 +14656,7 @@ fuciformis</i>).</h5> <p><i>Hydrœcia micacea</i>, <a href="#page294">294</a>, <i>Plate <a href="#plate143">143</a></i>;</p> <p class="i2"><i>nictitans</i>, <a href="#page294">294</a>, <i>Plate <a href="#plate143">143</a></i>;</p> <p class="i2"><i>petasitis</i>, <a href="#page295">295</a>, <i>Plate <a href="#plate143">143</a></i></p> - <p><i>Hyles euphorbiæ</i>, <a href="#page36">36</a>. <i>Plates <a href="#plate1">1</a>, <a href="#plate14">14</a>, <a href="#plate15">15</a></i></p> + <p><i>Hyles euphorbiæ</i>, <a href="#page36">36</a>. <i>Plates <a href="#plate1">1</a>, <a href="#plate14">14</a>, <a href="#plate15">15</a></i></p> <p><i>Hyloicus pinastri</i>, <a href="#page34">34</a>. <i>Plates <a href="#plate11">11</a>, <a href="#plate12">12</a></i></p> <p><i>Hylophila bicolorana</i>, <a href="#page146">146</a>, <i>Plates <a href="#plate72">72</a>, <a href="#plate73">73</a></i>;</p> <p class="i2"><i>prasinana</i>, <a href="#page145">145</a>, <i>Plates <a href="#plate72">72</a>, <a href="#plate73">73</a></i></p> @@ -14722,7 +14682,7 @@ fuciformis</i>).</h5> <div class="stanza"> <p>Lackey, <a href="#page167">167</a>. <i>Plates <a href="#plate48">48</a>, <a href="#plate49">49</a></i></p> - <p><i>Lælia cœnosa</i>, <a href="#page101">101</a>. <i>Plates <a href="#plate44">44</a>, <a href="#plate45">45</a></i></p> + <p><i>Lælia cœnosa</i>, <a href="#page101">101</a>. <i>Plates <a href="#plate44">44</a>, <a href="#plate45">45</a></i></p> <p>Lappet, <a href="#page126">126</a>. <i>Plates <a href="#plate62">62</a>, <a href="#plate63">63</a></i></p> <p>Large Dark Prominent, <a href="#page73">73</a>. <i>Plate <a href="#plate31">31</a></i></p> <p>Large Marbled Tortrix, <a href="#page146">146</a>. <i>Plate <a href="#plate72">72</a></i></p> @@ -14732,7 +14692,7 @@ fuciformis</i>).</h5> <p>Large Yellow Underwing, <a href="#page232">232</a>. <i>Plates <a href="#plate115">115</a>, <a href="#plate118">118</a></i></p> <p><i>Lasiocampa quercus</i>, <a href="#page115">115</a>, <i>Plates <a href="#plate52">52</a>, <a href="#plate54">54</a>, <a href="#plate55">55</a></i>;</p> <p class="i2"><i>trifolii</i>, <a href="#page119">119</a>, <i>Plates <a href="#plate56">56</a>, <a href="#plate57">57</a></i></p> - <p><i>Lasiocampidæ</i>, <a href="#page106">106</a></p> + <p><i>Lasiocampidæ</i>, <a href="#page106">106</a></p> <p>Lead-coloured Drab, <a href="#page326">326</a>. <i>Plate <a href="#plate157">157</a></i></p> <p>Least Black Arches, <a href="#page141">141</a>. <i>Plate <a href="#plate73">73</a></i></p> <p>Least Minor, <a href="#page277">277</a>. <i>Plate <a href="#plate134">134</a></i></p> @@ -14775,7 +14735,7 @@ fuciformis</i>).</h5> <p class="i2"><i>lutarella</i>, <a href="#page184">184</a>, <i>Plate <a href="#plate99">99</a></i>;</p> <p class="i2"><i>sericea</i>, <a href="#page184">184</a>, <i>Plate <a href="#plate97">97</a></i>;</p> <p class="i2"><i>sororcula</i>, <a href="#page187">187</a>, <i>Plate <a href="#plate99">99</a></i></p> - <p><i>Lithosiinæ</i>, <a href="#page173">173</a></p> + <p><i>Lithosiinæ</i>, <a href="#page173">173</a></p> <p>Lobster, <a href="#page64">64</a>. <i>Plates <a href="#plate26">26</a>, <a href="#plate27">27</a></i></p> <p><i>Lophopteryx camelina</i>, <a href="#page77">77</a>, <i>Plates <a href="#plate32">32</a>, <a href="#plate33">33</a></i>;</p> <p class="i2"><i>cuculla</i>, <a href="#page76">76</a>, <i>Plates <a href="#plate32">32</a>, <a href="#plate33">33</a></i></p> @@ -14784,16 +14744,16 @@ fuciformis</i>).</h5> <p><i>Luperina dumerilii</i>, <a href="#page268">268</a>;</p> <p class="i2"><i>testacea</i>, <a href="#page267">267</a>, <i>Plate <a href="#plate128">128</a></i></p> <p>Lychnis, <a href="#page250">250</a>. <i>Plates <a href="#plate124">124</a>, <a href="#plate130">130</a></i></p> - <p><i>Lycophotia ripæ</i>, <a href="#page210">210</a>. <i>Plate <a href="#plate106">106</a></i>;</p> + <p><i>Lycophotia ripæ</i>, <a href="#page210">210</a>. <i>Plate <a href="#plate106">106</a></i>;</p> <p class="i2"><i>strigula</i>, <a href="#page210">210</a>. <i>Plates <a href="#plate107">107</a>, <a href="#plate109">109</a></i></p> <p><i>Lymantria dispar</i>, <a href="#page103">103</a>, <i>Plate <a href="#plate46">46</a></i>;</p> <p class="i2"><i>monacha</i>, <a href="#page105">105</a>, <i>Plates <a href="#plate46">46</a>, <a href="#plate47">47</a></i></p> - <p><i>Lymantriidæ</i>, <a href="#page94">94</a></p> + <p><i>Lymantriidæ</i>, <a href="#page94">94</a></p> <p>Lyme Grass, <a href="#page302">302</a>. <i>Plate <a href="#plate146">146</a></i></p> </div> <div class="stanza"> - <p><i>Macrogaster castaneæ</i>, <a href="#page6">6</a></p> + <p><i>Macrogaster castaneæ</i>, <a href="#page6">6</a></p> <p>Macro-lepidoptera, <a href="#page6">6</a></p> <p><i>Macroglossa stellatarum</i>, <a href="#page52">52</a>. <i>Plate <a href="#plate21">21</a></i></p> <p><i>Macrothylacia rubi</i>, <a href="#page121">121</a>. <i>Plates <a href="#plate58">58</a>, <a href="#plate59">59</a></i></p> @@ -14804,12 +14764,12 @@ fuciformis</i>).</h5> <p class="i2"><i>contigua</i>, <a href="#page243">243</a>, <i>Plate <a href="#plate121">121</a></i>;</p> <p class="i2"><i>dentina</i>, <a href="#page246">246</a>, <i>Plate <a href="#plate122">122</a></i>;</p> <p class="i2"><i>dissimilis</i>, <a href="#page242">242</a>, <i>Plate <a href="#plate121">121</a></i>;</p> - <p class="i2"><i>genistæ</i>, <a href="#page241">241</a>, <i>Plate <a href="#plate121">121</a></i>;</p> + <p class="i2"><i>genistæ</i>, <a href="#page241">241</a>, <i>Plate <a href="#plate121">121</a></i>;</p> <p class="i2"><i>glauca</i>, <a href="#page245">245</a>, <i>Plate <a href="#plate122">122</a></i>;</p> <p class="i2"><i>nebulosa</i>, <a href="#page238">238</a>, <i>Plate <a href="#plate119">119</a></i>;</p> <p class="i2"><i>oleracea</i>, <a href="#page241">241</a>, <i>Plates <a href="#plate120">120</a>, <a href="#plate129">129</a></i>;</p> <p class="i2"><i>peregrina</i>, <a href="#page246">246</a>, <i>Plate <a href="#plate122">122</a></i>;</p> - <p class="i2"><i>persicariæ</i>, <a href="#page239">239</a>, <i>Plates <a href="#plate120">120</a>, <a href="#plate129">129</a></i>;</p> + <p class="i2"><i>persicariæ</i>, <a href="#page239">239</a>, <i>Plates <a href="#plate120">120</a>, <a href="#plate129">129</a></i>;</p> <p class="i2"><i>pisi</i>, <a href="#page244">244</a>, <i>Plates <a href="#plate122">122</a>, <a href="#plate129">129</a></i>;</p> <p class="i2"><i>thalassina</i>, <a href="#page243">243</a>, <i>Plate <a href="#plate121">121</a></i>;</p> <p class="i2"><i>tincta</i>, <a href="#page237">237</a>, <i>Plate <a href="#plate117">117</a></i>;</p> @@ -14833,14 +14793,14 @@ fuciformis</i>).</h5> <p class="i2"><i>literosa</i>, <a href="#page276">276</a>, <i>Plate <a href="#plate134">134</a></i>;</p> <p class="i2"><i>strigilis</i>, <a href="#page275">275</a>, <i>Plate <a href="#plate134">134</a></i></p> <p>Micro-lepidoptera, <a href="#page6">6</a></p> - <p><i>Micropterygidæ</i>, <a href="#page7">7</a></p> + <p><i>Micropterygidæ</i>, <a href="#page7">7</a></p> <p>Middle-barred Minor, <a href="#page275">275</a>. <i>Plate <a href="#plate134">134</a></i></p> <p>Miller, <a href="#page191">191</a>. <i>Plate <a href="#plate100">100</a></i></p> <p><i>Miltochrista miniata</i>, <a href="#page176">176</a>. <i>Plate <a href="#plate95">95</a></i></p> - <p><i>Mimas tiliæ</i>, <a href="#page17">17</a>. <i>Plates <a href="#plate2">2</a>, <a href="#plate3">3</a></i></p> + <p><i>Mimas tiliæ</i>, <a href="#page17">17</a>. <i>Plates <a href="#plate2">2</a>, <a href="#plate3">3</a></i></p> <p>Minor Shoulder-knot, <a href="#page263">263</a>. <i>Plate <a href="#plate125">125</a></i></p> <p><i>Miselia bimaculosa</i>, <a href="#page289">289</a>, <i>Plate <a href="#plate141">141</a></i>;</p> - <p class="i2"><i>oxyacanthæ</i>, <a href="#page289">289</a>, <i>Plate <a href="#plate141">141</a></i></p> + <p class="i2"><i>oxyacanthæ</i>, <a href="#page289">289</a>, <i>Plate <a href="#plate141">141</a></i></p> <p><i>Mormo maura</i>, <a href="#page292">292</a>. <i>Plate <a href="#plate142">142</a></i></p> <p>Mottled Rustic, <a href="#page316">316</a>. <i>Plate <a href="#plate151">151</a></i></p> <p>Mouse, <a href="#page324">324</a>. <i>Plates <a href="#plate154">154</a>, <a href="#plate156">156</a></i></p> @@ -14849,11 +14809,11 @@ fuciformis</i>).</h5> </div> <div class="stanza"> - <p><i>Nænia typica</i>, <a href="#page293">293</a>. <i>Plates <a href="#plate139">139</a>, <a href="#plate142">142</a></i></p> + <p><i>Nænia typica</i>, <a href="#page293">293</a>. <i>Plates <a href="#plate139">139</a>, <a href="#plate142">142</a></i></p> <p>Narrow-bordered Bee Hawk-moth, <a href="#page55">55</a>. <i>Plates <a href="#plate20">20</a>, <a href="#plate21">21</a></i></p> <p>Neglected or Grey Rustic, <a href="#page219">219</a>. <i>Plates <a href="#plate109">109</a>, <a href="#plate110">110</a></i></p> <p><i>Neuria reticulata</i>, <a href="#page254">254</a>. <i>Plate <a href="#plate126">126</a></i></p> - <p><i>Noctuidæ</i>, <a href="#page7">7</a>, <a href="#page189">189</a>. <i>Plates <a href="#plate100">100</a>-159</i></p> + <p><i>Noctuidæ</i>, <a href="#page7">7</a>, <a href="#page189">189</a>. <i>Plates <a href="#plate100">100</a>-159</i></p> <p><i>Noctua augur</i>, <a href="#page218">218</a>, <i>Plates <a href="#plate110">110</a>, <a href="#plate111">111</a></i>;</p> <p class="i2"><i>baja</i>, <a href="#page220">220</a>;</p> <p class="i2"><i>brunnea</i>, <a href="#page224">224</a>, <i>Plates <a href="#plate112">112</a>, <a href="#plate113">113</a></i>;</p> @@ -14865,7 +14825,7 @@ fuciformis</i>).</h5> <p class="i2"><i>flammatra</i>, <a href="#page221">221</a>;</p> <p class="i2"><i>glareosa</i>, <a href="#page218">218</a>, <i>Plate <a href="#plate110">110</a></i>;</p> <p class="i2"><i>plecta</i>, <a href="#page228">228</a>, <i>Plates <a href="#plate110">110</a>, <a href="#plate111">111</a></i>;</p> - <p class="i2"><i>primulæ</i>, <a href="#page224">224</a>, <i>Plates <a href="#plate112">112</a>, <a href="#plate113">113</a></i>;</p> + <p class="i2"><i>primulæ</i>, <a href="#page224">224</a>, <i>Plates <a href="#plate112">112</a>, <a href="#plate113">113</a></i>;</p> <p class="i2"><i>rubi</i>, <a href="#page226">226</a>, <i>Plate <a href="#plate114">114</a></i>;</p> <p class="i2"><i>sobrina</i>, <a href="#page227">227</a>, <i>Plate <a href="#plate114">114</a></i>;</p> <p class="i2"><i>stigmatica</i>, <a href="#page223">223</a>, <i>Plate <a href="#plate113">113</a></i>;</p> @@ -14873,17 +14833,17 @@ fuciformis</i>).</h5> <p class="i2"><i>triangulum</i>, <a href="#page223">223</a>, <i>Plate <a href="#plate113">113</a></i>;</p> <p class="i2"><i>umbrosa</i>, <a href="#page227">227</a>, <i>Plate <a href="#plate114">114</a></i>;</p> <p class="i2"><i>xanthographa</i>, <a href="#page228">228</a>, <i>Plates <a href="#plate112">112</a>, <a href="#plate114">114</a></i></p> - <p><i>Nolidæ</i>, <a href="#page139">139</a>. <i>Plates <a href="#plate72">72</a>, <a href="#plate73">73</a></i></p> + <p><i>Nolidæ</i>, <a href="#page139">139</a>. <i>Plates <a href="#plate72">72</a>, <a href="#plate73">73</a></i></p> <p><i>Nola albula</i>, <a href="#page141">141</a>, <i>Plate <a href="#plate73">73</a></i>;</p> <p class="i2"><i>centonalis</i>, <a href="#page142">142</a>, <i>Plate <a href="#plate73">73</a></i>;</p> <p class="i2"><i>confusalis</i>, <a href="#page141">141</a>, <i>Plate <a href="#plate73">73</a></i>;</p> <p class="i2"><i>cucullatella</i>, <a href="#page139">139</a>, <i>Plates <a href="#plate72">72</a>, <a href="#plate73">73</a></i>;</p> <p class="i2"><i>strigula</i>, <a href="#page140">140</a>, <i>Plate <a href="#plate73">73</a></i></p> - <p><i>Nonagria cannæ</i>, <a href="#page296">296</a>, <i>Plates <a href="#plate144">144</a>, <a href="#plate148">148</a></i>;</p> + <p><i>Nonagria cannæ</i>, <a href="#page296">296</a>, <i>Plates <a href="#plate144">144</a>, <a href="#plate148">148</a></i>;</p> <p class="i2"><i>dissoluta</i>, <a href="#page298">298</a>, <i>Plates <a href="#plate144">144</a>, <a href="#plate148">148</a></i>;</p> <p class="i2"><i>geminipuncta</i>, <a href="#page297">297</a>, <i>Plates <a href="#plate144">144</a>, <a href="#plate148">148</a></i>;</p> <p class="i2"><i>sparganii</i>, <a href="#page296">296</a>, <i>Plates <a href="#plate144">144</a>, <a href="#plate148">148</a></i>;</p> - <p class="i2"><i>typhæ</i>, <a href="#page297">297</a>, <i>Plates <a href="#plate144">144</a>, <a href="#plate148">148</a></i></p> + <p class="i2"><i>typhæ</i>, <a href="#page297">297</a>, <i>Plates <a href="#plate144">144</a>, <a href="#plate148">148</a></i></p> <p><i>Notodonta dromedarius</i>, <a href="#page72">72</a>, <i>Plates <a href="#plate30">30</a>, <a href="#plate31">31</a></i>;</p> <p class="i2"><i>phœbe</i>, <a href="#page72">72</a>, <i>Plate <a href="#plate31">31</a></i>;</p> <p class="i2"><i>torva</i>, <a href="#page73">73</a>, <i>Plate <a href="#plate31">31</a></i>;</p> @@ -14896,7 +14856,7 @@ fuciformis</i>).</h5> <p>Northern Eggar, <a href="#page116">116</a>. <i>Plate <a href="#plate54">54</a></i></p> <p>Northern Footman, <a href="#page184">184</a>. <i>Plate <a href="#plate97">97</a></i></p> <p>Northern Rustic, <a href="#page213">213</a>. <i>Plate <a href="#plate107">107</a></i></p> - <p><i>Notodontidæ</i>, <a href="#page56">56</a></p> + <p><i>Notodontidæ</i>, <a href="#page56">56</a></p> <p><i>Nudaria mundana</i>, <a href="#page174">174</a>, <i>Plates <a href="#plate94">94</a>, <a href="#plate95">95</a></i></p> <p>Nutmeg, <a href="#page245">245</a>. <i>Plate <a href="#plate122">122</a></i></p> <p>Nut-tree Tussock, <a href="#page190">190</a>. <i>Plates <a href="#plate100">100</a>, <a href="#plate101">101</a></i></p> @@ -14920,10 +14880,10 @@ fuciformis</i>).</h5> </div> <div class="stanza"> - <p><i>Pachetra leucophæa</i>, <a href="#page257">257</a>. <i>Plate <a href="#plate128">128</a></i></p> + <p><i>Pachetra leucophæa</i>, <a href="#page257">257</a>. <i>Plate <a href="#plate128">128</a></i></p> <p><i>Pachnobia Leucographa</i>, <a href="#page325">325</a>, <i>Plate <a href="#plate155">155</a></i>;</p> <p class="i2"><i>rubricosa</i>, <a href="#page326">326</a>, <i>Plates <a href="#plate155">155</a>, <a href="#plate159">159</a></i></p> - <p>Palæarctic Fauna, <a href="#page7">7</a></p> + <p>Palæarctic Fauna, <a href="#page7">7</a></p> <p>Pale Footman, <a href="#page181">181</a>. <i>Plate <a href="#plate97">97</a></i></p> <p>Pale Mottled Willow, <a href="#page318">318</a>. <i>Plate <a href="#plate151">151</a></i></p> <p>Pale Oak Eggar, <a href="#page111">111</a>. <i>Plates <a href="#plate50">50</a>, <a href="#plate51">51</a></i></p> @@ -14947,7 +14907,7 @@ fuciformis</i>).</h5> <p><i>Petilampa arcuosa</i>, <a href="#page320">320</a>. <i>Plate <a href="#plate134">134</a></i></p> <p><i>Phalera bucephala</i>, <a href="#page81">81</a>. Plates <a href="#plate35">35</a>, <a href="#plate37">37</a></p> <p><i>Pheosia tremula</i>, <a href="#page69">69</a>, <i>Plates <a href="#plate28">28</a>, <a href="#plate29">29</a></i>;</p> - <p class="i2"><i>dictæoides</i>, <a href="#page70">70</a>, <i>Plates <a href="#plate28">28</a>, <a href="#plate29">29</a></i></p> + <p class="i2"><i>dictæoides</i>, <a href="#page70">70</a>, <i>Plates <a href="#plate28">28</a>, <a href="#plate29">29</a></i></p> <p><i>Phlogophora meticulosa</i>, <a href="#page291">291</a>. <i>Plate <a href="#plate141">141</a></i></p> <p><i>Phothedes captiuncula</i>, <a href="#page277">277</a>. <i>Plate <a href="#plate134">134</a></i></p> <p><i>Phragmatobia fuliginosa</i>, <a href="#page155">155</a>. <i>Plates <a href="#plate80">80</a>, <a href="#plate81">81</a></i></p> @@ -14983,7 +14943,7 @@ fuciformis</i>).</h5> <p>Purple Clay, <a href="#page11">11</a>, <a href="#page224">224</a>. <i>Plates <a href="#plate112">112</a>, <a href="#plate113">113</a></i></p> <p>Purple Cloud, <a href="#page282">282</a>. <i>Plate <a href="#plate137">137</a></i></p> <p>Puss Moth, <a href="#page62">62</a>. <i>Plates <a href="#plate24">24</a>, <a href="#plate25">25</a></i></p> - <p><i>Pygæra anachoreta</i>, <a href="#page83">83</a>, <i>Plate <a href="#plate35">35</a></i>;</p> + <p><i>Pygæra anachoreta</i>, <a href="#page83">83</a>, <i>Plate <a href="#plate35">35</a></i>;</p> <p class="i2"><i>curtula</i>, <a href="#page82">82</a>, <i>Plates <a href="#plate34">34</a>, <a href="#plate35">35</a></i>;</p> <p class="i2"><i>pigra</i>, <a href="#page84">84</a>, <i>Plates <a href="#plate34">34</a>, <a href="#plate35">35</a></i></p> <p><i>Pyralidina</i>, <a href="#page7">7</a></p> @@ -15012,7 +14972,7 @@ fuciformis</i>).</h5> <div class="stanza"> <p>Sallow Kitten, <a href="#page61">61</a>. <i>Plates <a href="#plate22">22</a>, <a href="#plate23">23</a></i></p> <p>Sand Dart, <a href="#page210">210</a>. <i>Plate <a href="#plate106">106</a></i></p> - <p><i>Sarrothripinæ</i>, <a href="#page146">146</a></p> + <p><i>Sarrothripinæ</i>, <a href="#page146">146</a></p> <p><i>Sarrothripa revayana</i>, <a href="#page146">146</a>. <i>Plate <a href="#plate72">72</a></i></p> <p>Satin Carpet, <a href="#page90">90</a>. <i>Plate <a href="#plate39">39</a></i></p> <p><i>Saturnia pavonia</i>, <a href="#page131">131</a>. <i>Plates <a href="#plate66">66</a>, <a href="#plate67">67</a></i></p> @@ -15030,7 +14990,7 @@ fuciformis</i>).</h5> <p>Scarlet Tiger, <a href="#page166">166</a>. <i>Plates <a href="#plate88">88</a>, <a href="#plate89">89</a></i></p> <p><i>Segetia xanthographa</i>, <a href="#page228">228</a>. <i>Plates <a href="#plate112">112</a>, <a href="#plate114">114</a></i></p> <p><i>Senta maritima</i>, <a href="#page299">299</a>. <i>Plate <a href="#plate145">145</a></i></p> - <p><i>Sesiidæ</i>, <a href="#page6">6</a></p> + <p><i>Sesiidæ</i>, <a href="#page6">6</a></p> <p>Setaceous Hebrew Character, <a href="#page221">221</a> <i>Plate <a href="#plate110">110</a></i></p> <p>Shears, <a href="#page246">246</a>. <i>Plate <a href="#plate122">122</a></i></p> <p>Shore Wainscot, <a href="#page308">308</a>. <i>Plates <a href="#plate150">150</a>, <a href="#plate152">152</a></i></p> @@ -15065,12 +15025,12 @@ fuciformis</i>).</h5> <p>Smoky Wainscot, <a href="#page305">305</a>. <i>Plate <a href="#plate147">147</a></i></p> <p>Southern Wainscot, <a href="#page306">306</a>. <i>Plate <a href="#plate147">147</a></i></p> <p>Speckled Footman, <a href="#page168">168</a>. <i>Plates <a href="#plate90">90</a>, <a href="#plate91">91</a></i></p> - <p><i>Sphingidæ</i>, <a href="#page6">6</a>, <a href="#page17">17</a></p> + <p><i>Sphingidæ</i>, <a href="#page6">6</a>, <a href="#page17">17</a></p> <p><i>Sphinx convolvuli</i>, <a href="#page28">28</a>, <i>Plates <a href="#plate9">9</a>, <a href="#plate10">10</a>, <a href="#plate11">11</a></i>;</p> <p class="i2"><i>ligustri</i>, <a href="#page33">33</a>, <i>Plates <a href="#plate12">12</a>, <a href="#plate13">13</a></i></p> <p><i>Spilosoma lubricipeda</i>, <a href="#page151">151</a>, <i>Plates <a href="#plate76">76</a>, <a href="#plate77">77</a></i>;</p> <p class="i2"><i>menthastri</i>, <a href="#page149">149</a>, <i>Plates <a href="#plate74">74</a>, <a href="#plate75">75</a>, <a href="#plate78">78</a></i>;</p> - <p class="i2"><i>urticæ</i>, <a href="#page150">150</a>, <i>Plate <a href="#plate75">75</a></i></p> + <p class="i2"><i>urticæ</i>, <a href="#page150">150</a>, <i>Plate <a href="#plate75">75</a></i></p> <p>Sprawler, <a href="#page288">288</a>. <i>Plate <a href="#plate138">138</a></i></p> <p>Spurge Hawk, <a href="#page36">36</a>. <i>Plates <a href="#plate1">1</a>, <a href="#plate14">14</a>, <a href="#plate15">15</a></i></p> <p>Square-spot Dart, <a href="#page208">208</a>. <i>Plate <a href="#plate106">106</a></i></p> @@ -15102,10 +15062,10 @@ fuciformis</i>).</h5> <p>Tawny Shears, <a href="#page251">251</a>. <i>Plate <a href="#plate124">124</a></i></p> <p><i>Tholera cespitis</i>, <a href="#page256">256</a>. <i>Plate <a href="#plate128">128</a></i></p> <p>Three Humped, <a href="#page72">72</a>. <i>Plate <a href="#plate31">31</a></i></p> - <p><i>Thyatiridæ</i>, <a href="#page85">85</a></p> + <p><i>Thyatiridæ</i>, <a href="#page85">85</a></p> <p><i>Thyatira batis</i>, <a href="#page86">86</a>. <i>Plates <a href="#plate36">36</a>, <a href="#plate37">37</a></i></p> <p>Tiger Moths, <a href="#page148">148</a></p> - <p><i>Tæniocampa gothica</i>, <a href="#page326">326</a>, <i>Plate <a href="#plate155">155</a></i>;</p> + <p><i>Tæniocampa gothica</i>, <a href="#page326">326</a>, <i>Plate <a href="#plate155">155</a></i>;</p> <p class="i2"><i>gracilis</i>, <a href="#page331">331</a>, <i>Plate <a href="#plate158">158</a></i>;</p> <p class="i2"><i>incerta</i>, <a href="#page330">330</a>, <i>Plate <a href="#plate157">157</a></i>;</p> <p class="i2"><i>miniosa</i>, <a href="#page327">327</a>, <i>Plate <a href="#plate158">158</a></i>;</p> @@ -15119,10 +15079,10 @@ fuciformis</i>).</h5> <p><i>Trachea atriplicis</i>, <a href="#page264">264</a>. <i>Plate <a href="#plate126">126</a></i></p> <p>Treble Lines, <a href="#page314">314</a>. <i>Plate <a href="#plate151">151</a></i></p> <p>Tree-lichen Beauty, <a href="#page201">201</a></p> - <p><i>Trichiura cratægi</i>, <a href="#page111">111</a>. <i>Plates <a href="#plate50">50</a>, <a href="#plate51">51</a></i></p> + <p><i>Trichiura cratægi</i>, <a href="#page111">111</a>. <i>Plates <a href="#plate50">50</a>, <a href="#plate51">51</a></i></p> <p><i>Trigonophora flammea</i>, <a href="#page290">290</a>. <i>Plate <a href="#plate141">141</a></i></p> - <p><i>Trifinæ</i>, <a href="#page201">201</a></p> - <p><i>Triphæna comes</i>, <a href="#page230">230</a>, <i>Plates <a href="#plate115">115</a>, <a href="#plate118">118</a></i>;</p> + <p><i>Trifinæ</i>, <a href="#page201">201</a></p> + <p><i>Triphæna comes</i>, <a href="#page230">230</a>, <i>Plates <a href="#plate115">115</a>, <a href="#plate118">118</a></i>;</p> <p class="i2"><i>fimbria</i>, <a href="#page233">233</a>, <i>Plates <a href="#plate116">116</a>, <a href="#plate118">118</a></i>;</p> <p class="i2"><i>ianthina</i>, <a href="#page234">234</a>, <i>Plates <a href="#plate116">116</a>, <a href="#plate118">118</a></i>;</p> <p class="i2"><i>interjecta</i>, <a href="#page234">234</a>, <i>Plate <a href="#plate116">116</a></i>;</p> @@ -15132,7 +15092,7 @@ fuciformis</i>).</h5> <p>Triple-spotted Clay, <a href="#page222">222</a>. <i>Plates <a href="#plate110">110</a>, <a href="#plate111">111</a></i></p> <p>True Lover's Knot, <a href="#page210">210</a>. <i>Plate <a href="#plate107">107</a></i></p> <p><i>Trypanus cossus</i>, <a href="#page6">6</a></p> - <p><i>Trypanidæ</i>, <a href="#page6">6</a></p> + <p><i>Trypanidæ</i>, <a href="#page6">6</a></p> <p>Turnip Moth, <a href="#page201">201</a>. <i>Plate <a href="#plate104">104</a></i></p> <p>Tussock Moths, <a href="#page94">94</a></p> <p>Twin-spotted, <a href="#page297">297</a>. <i>Plates <a href="#plate114">114</a>, <a href="#plate148">148</a></i></p> @@ -15186,7 +15146,7 @@ fuciformis</i>).</h5> <div class="stanza"> <p><i>Zeuzera pyrina</i>, <a href="#page6">6</a></p> - <p><i>Zygænidæ</i>, <a href="#page6">6</a></p> + <p><i>Zygænidæ</i>, <a href="#page6">6</a></p> </div> </div> @@ -15197,20 +15157,20 @@ fuciformis</i>).</h5> <tr><td class ="ac"> For </td> <td> <i>Sphinx convolvuli</i></td> <td class ="ac"> read </td> <td> <i>Herse</i> (<i>Sphinx</i>) <i>convolvuli</i></td></tr> <tr><td class ="ac"> " </td><td><i>Arsilonche albovenosa</i></td><td class ="ac"> " </td><td><i>Simyra</i> (<i>Arsilonche</i>) <i>albovenosa</i></td></tr> <tr><td class ="ac"> " </td><td><i>Bryophila glandifera</i></td><td class ="ac"> " </td><td><i>Bryophila muralis (glandifera)</i></td></tr> -<tr><td class ="ac"> " </td><td><i>Agrotis</i> (<i>Hapalia</i>) <i>præcox</i></td><td class ="ac"> " </td><td><i>Agrotis</i> (<i>Lycophotia</i>) <i>præcox</i></td></tr> +<tr><td class ="ac"> " </td><td><i>Agrotis</i> (<i>Hapalia</i>) <i>præcox</i></td><td class ="ac"> " </td><td><i>Agrotis</i> (<i>Lycophotia</i>) <i>præcox</i></td></tr> <tr><td class ="ac"> " </td><td><i>Agrotis</i> (<i>Peridroma</i>) <i>saucia</i></td><td class ="ac"> " </td><td><i>Agrotis</i> (<i>Lycophotia</i>) <i>saucia</i></td></tr> <tr><td class ="ac"> " </td><td><i>Agrotis</i> (<i>Spaelotis</i>) <i>lucernea</i></td><td class ="ac"> " </td><td><i>Agrotis</i> (<i>Episilia</i>) <i>lucernea</i></td></tr> <tr><td class ="ac"> " </td><td><i>Agrotis</i> (<i>Pachnobia</i>) <i>simulans</i></td><td class ="ac"> " </td><td><i>Agrotis</i> (<i>Episilia</i>) <i>simulans</i></td></tr> <tr><td class ="ac"> " </td><td><i>Agrotis</i> (<i>Ogygia</i>) <i>obscura</i></td><td class ="ac"> " </td><td><i>Agrotis ravida</i> (<i>obscura</i>)</td></tr> <tr><td class ="ac"> " </td><td><i>Noctua sobrina</i></td><td class ="ac"> " </td><td><i>Noctua</i> (<i>Mythimna</i>) <i>sobrina</i></td></tr> <tr><td class ="ac"> " </td><td><i>Epineuronia popularis</i></td><td class ="ac"> " </td><td><i>Tholera</i> (<i>Epineuronia</i>) <i>popularis</i></td></tr> -<tr><td class ="ac"> " </td><td><i>Charæas graminis</i></td><td class ="ac"> " </td><td><i>Cerapteryx</i> (<i>Charæas</i>) <i>graminis</i></td></tr> +<tr><td class ="ac"> " </td><td><i>Charæas graminis</i></td><td class ="ac"> " </td><td><i>Cerapteryx</i> (<i>Charæas</i>) <i>graminis</i></td></tr> <tr><td class ="ac"> " </td><td><i>Hyppa rectilinea</i></td><td class ="ac"> " </td><td><i>Lithomoea</i> (<i>Hyppa</i>) <i>rectilinea</i></td></tr> <tr><td class ="ac"> " </td><td><i>Hama abjecta</i></td><td class ="ac"> " </td><td><i>Hama oblonga</i> (<i>abjecta</i>)</td></tr> <tr><td class ="ac"> " </td><td><i>Apamea gemina</i></td><td class ="ac"> " </td><td><i>Apamea obscura</i> (<i>gemina</i>)</td></tr> <tr><td class ="ac"> " </td><td><i>Trigonophora flammea</i></td><td class ="ac"> " </td><td><i>Rhizotype flammea</i></td></tr> <tr><td class ="ac"> " </td><td><i>Mormo maura</i></td><td class ="ac"> " </td><td><i>Mania maura</i></td></tr> -<tr><td class ="ac"> " </td><td><i>Nonagria cannæ</i></td><td class ="ac"> " </td><td><i>Nonagria algæ</i> (<i>cannæ</i>)</td></tr> +<tr><td class ="ac"> " </td><td><i>Nonagria cannæ</i></td><td class ="ac"> " </td><td><i>Nonagria algæ</i> (<i>cannæ</i>)</td></tr> <tr><td class ="ac"> " </td><td><i>Synia musculosa</i></td><td class ="ac"> " </td><td><i>Oria</i> (<i>Synia</i>) <i>musculosa</i></td></tr> <tr><td class ="ac"> " </td><td><i>Grammesia trigrammica</i></td><td class ="ac"> " </td><td><i>Meristis</i> (<i>Grammesia</i>) <i>trigrammica</i></td></tr> <tr><td class ="ac"> " </td><td><i>Caradrina exigua</i></td><td class ="ac"> " </td><td><i>Laphygma exigua</i></td></tr> @@ -15222,18 +15182,18 @@ fuciformis</i>).</h5> <div class="stanza"> <p><i>abjecta</i> (<i>Hama</i>), <a href="#page270">270</a></p> <p><i>aceris</i> (<i>Acronycta</i>), <a href="#page192">192</a></p> - <p><i>Acronyctinæ</i>, <a href="#page189">189</a></p> + <p><i>Acronyctinæ</i>, <a href="#page189">189</a></p> <p><i>adusta</i> (<i>Eumichtis</i>), <a href="#page260">260</a></p> <p><i>advena</i> (<i>Aplecta</i>), <a href="#page237">237</a></p> - <p><i>æstiva</i> (<i>Drepana</i>), <a href="#page136">136</a></p> - <p><i>æthiops</i> (<i>Miana</i>), <a href="#page275">275</a></p> + <p><i>æstiva</i> (<i>Drepana</i>), <a href="#page136">136</a></p> + <p><i>æthiops</i> (<i>Miana</i>), <a href="#page275">275</a></p> <p><i>agathina</i> (<i>Agrotis</i>), <a href="#page214">214</a></p> <p><i>albicolon</i> (<i>Mamestra</i>), <a href="#page240">240</a></p> <p><i>albida</i> (<i>Arsilonche</i>), <a href="#page199">199</a></p> <p><i>albimacula</i> (<i>Dianthœcia</i>), <a href="#page249">249</a></p> <p><i>albipuncta</i> (<i>Leucania</i>), <a href="#page312">312</a></p> - <p><i>algæ</i> (<i>Bryophila</i>), <a href="#page201">201</a></p> - <p><i>algæ</i> (<i>Nonagria</i>), <a href="#page296">296</a></p> + <p><i>algæ</i> (<i>Bryophila</i>), <a href="#page201">201</a></p> + <p><i>algæ</i> (<i>Nonagria</i>), <a href="#page296">296</a></p> <p><i>albovenosa</i> (<i>Arsilonche</i>), <a href="#page199">199</a></p> <p><i>albula</i> (<i>Nola</i>), <a href="#page141">141</a></p> <p><i>alni</i> (<i>Acronycta</i>), <a href="#page193">193</a></p> @@ -15241,18 +15201,18 @@ fuciformis</i>).</h5> <p><i>alpinum</i> (<i>Diphtera</i>), <a href="#page190">190</a></p> <p><i>alsines</i> (<i>Caradrina</i>), <a href="#page317">317</a></p> <p><i>ambigua</i> (<i>Caradrina</i>), <a href="#page318">318</a></p> - <p><i>anachoreta</i> (<i>Pygæra</i>), <a href="#page82">82</a>, <a href="#page83">83</a></p> + <p><i>anachoreta</i> (<i>Pygæra</i>), <a href="#page82">82</a>, <a href="#page83">83</a></p> <p><i>anceps</i> (<i>Hama</i>), <a href="#page271">271</a></p> <p><i>anomola</i> (<i>Stilbia</i>), <a href="#page315">315</a></p> <p><i>antiqua</i> (<i>Orgyia</i>), <a href="#page96">96</a></p> <p><i>approximans</i> (<i>Meristis</i>), <a href="#page315">315</a></p> <p><i>aprilina</i> (<i>Agriopis</i>), <a href="#page294">294</a></p> <p><i>aqulina</i> (<i>Agrotis</i>), <a href="#page207">207</a></p> - <p><i>Arctiidæ</i>, <a href="#page148">148</a></p> + <p><i>Arctiidæ</i>, <a href="#page148">148</a></p> <p><i>arcuosa</i> (<i>Petilampa</i>), <a href="#page320">320</a></p> <p><i>argentea</i> (<i>Palimpsestis</i>), <a href="#page90">90</a></p> <p><i>argillacea</i> (<i>Dianthœcia</i>), <a href="#page241">241</a></p> - <p><i>ariæ</i> (<i>Trichiura</i>), <a href="#page113">113</a></p> + <p><i>ariæ</i> (<i>Trichiura</i>), <a href="#page113">113</a></p> <p><i>arundineta</i> (<i>Nonagria</i>), <a href="#page298">298</a></p> <p><i>ashworthii</i> (<i>Agrotis</i>), <a href="#page216">216</a></p> <p><i>assimilis</i> (<i>Crymodes</i>), <a href="#page262">262</a></p> @@ -15282,24 +15242,24 @@ fuciformis</i>).</h5> <p><i>bondii</i> (<i>Tapinostola</i>), <a href="#page301">301</a></p> <p><i>borealis</i> (<i>Phragmatobia</i>), <a href="#page155">155</a></p> <p><i>bradyporina</i> (<i>Acronycta</i>), <a href="#page191">191</a></p> - <p><i>brassicæ</i> (<i>Barathra</i>), <a href="#page239">239</a></p> + <p><i>brassicæ</i> (<i>Barathra</i>), <a href="#page239">239</a></p> <p><i>brevilinea</i> (<i>Leucania</i>), <a href="#page308">308</a></p> <p><i>brunnea</i> (<i>Noctua</i>), <a href="#page224">224</a></p> <p><i>bucephala</i> (<i>Phalera</i>), <a href="#page81">81</a></p> </div> <div class="stanza"> - <p><i>cæruleocephala</i> (<i>Diloba</i>), <a href="#page265">265</a></p> + <p><i>cæruleocephala</i> (<i>Diloba</i>), <a href="#page265">265</a></p> <p><i>caia</i> (<i>Arctia</i>), <a href="#page160">160</a></p> <p><i>caliginosa</i> (<i>Acosmetia</i>), <a href="#page321">321</a></p> - <p><i>callunæ</i> (<i>Lasiocampa</i>), <a href="#page116">116</a></p> + <p><i>callunæ</i> (<i>Lasiocampa</i>), <a href="#page116">116</a></p> <p><i>camelina</i> (<i>Lophopteryx</i>), <a href="#page77">77</a></p> <p><i>cana</i> (<i>Miana</i>), <a href="#page276">276</a></p> <p><i>candelarum</i> (<i>Agrotis</i>), <a href="#page216">216</a></p> <p><i>candelisequa</i> (<i>Acronycta</i>), <a href="#page192">192</a></p> <p><i>candida</i> (<i>Stilpnotia</i>), <a href="#page103">103</a></p> <p><i>caniola</i> (<i>Lithosia</i>), <a href="#page185">185</a></p> - <p><i>cannæ</i> (<i>Nonagria</i>), <a href="#page296">296</a></p> + <p><i>cannæ</i> (<i>Nonagria</i>), <a href="#page296">296</a></p> <p><i>capsincola</i> (<i>Dianthœcia</i>), <a href="#page250">250</a></p> <p><i>capsophila</i> (<i>Dianthœcia</i>), <a href="#page251">251</a></p> <p><i>captiuncula</i> (<i>Phothedes</i>), <a href="#page277">277</a></p> @@ -15307,22 +15267,22 @@ fuciformis</i>).</h5> <p><i>carmelita</i> (<i>Odentosia</i>), <a href="#page78">78</a></p> <p><i>carpophaga</i> (<i>Dianthœcia</i>), <a href="#page251">251</a></p> <p><i>castanea</i> (<i>Noctua</i>), <a href="#page219">219</a></p> - <p><i>celerio</i> (<i>Chærocampa</i>), <a href="#page43">43</a></p> + <p><i>celerio</i> (<i>Chærocampa</i>), <a href="#page43">43</a></p> <p><i>celerio</i> (<i>Hippotion</i>), <a href="#page43">43</a></p> <p><i>centonalis</i> (<i>Nola</i>), <a href="#page142">142</a></p> <p><i>cespitis</i> (<i>Tholera</i>), <a href="#page256">256</a></p> <p><i>chaonia</i> (<i>Drymonia</i>), <a href="#page68">68</a></p> <p><i>characterea</i> (<i>Xylophasia</i>), <a href="#page280">280</a></p> <p><i>chi</i> (<i>Polia</i>), <a href="#page286">286</a></p> - <p><i>Chlöephoridæ</i>, <a href="#page143">143</a></p> + <p><i>Chlöephoridæ</i>, <a href="#page143">143</a></p> <p><i>chlorana</i> (<i>Earias</i>), <a href="#page144">144</a></p> <p><i>chrysorrhœa</i> (<i>Euproctis</i>), <a href="#page99">99</a></p> <p><i>chrysozona</i> (<i>Hecatera</i>), <a href="#page253">253</a></p> <p><i>cinerea</i> (<i>Agrotis</i>), <a href="#page204">204</a></p> <p><i>c-nigrum</i> (<i>Noctua</i>), <a href="#page221">221</a></p> - <p><i>cœnosa</i> (<i>Lælia</i>), <a href="#page101">101</a></p> + <p><i>cœnosa</i> (<i>Lælia</i>), <a href="#page101">101</a></p> <p><i>combusta</i> (<i>Xylophasia</i>), <a href="#page278">278</a></p> - <p><i>comes</i> (<i>Triphæna</i>), <a href="#page230">230</a></p> + <p><i>comes</i> (<i>Triphæna</i>), <a href="#page230">230</a></p> <p><i>comma</i> (<i>Leucania</i>), <a href="#page309">309</a></p> <p><i>complana</i> (<i>Lithosia</i>), <a href="#page183">183</a></p> <p><i>compta</i> (<i>Dianthœcia</i>), <a href="#page250">250</a></p> @@ -15330,7 +15290,7 @@ fuciformis</i>).</h5> <p><i>confusalis</i> (<i>Nola</i>), <a href="#page141">141</a></p> <p><i>conigera</i> (<i>Leucania</i>), <a href="#page313">313</a></p> <p><i>connexa</i> (<i>Apamea</i>), <a href="#page273">273</a></p> - <p><i>consequa</i> (<i>Triphæna</i>), <a href="#page231">231</a></p> + <p><i>consequa</i> (<i>Triphæna</i>), <a href="#page231">231</a></p> <p><i>conspersa</i> (<i>Dianthœcia</i>), <a href="#page248">248</a></p> <p><i>conspicilaris</i> (<i>Xylomania</i>), <a href="#page258">258</a></p> <p><i>contigua</i> (<i>Mamestra</i>), <a href="#page243">243</a></p> @@ -15338,7 +15298,7 @@ fuciformis</i>).</h5> <p><i>convolvuli</i> (<i>Sphinx</i>), <a href="#page28">28</a></p> <p><i>corticea</i> (<i>Agrotis</i>), <a href="#page203">203</a>, <a href="#page209">209</a></p> <p><i>coryli</i> (<i>Demas</i>), <a href="#page190">190</a></p> - <p><i>cratægi</i> (<i>Trichiura</i>), <a href="#page112">112</a></p> + <p><i>cratægi</i> (<i>Trichiura</i>), <a href="#page112">112</a></p> <p><i>crenata</i> (<i>Chaonia</i>), <a href="#page66">66</a></p> <p><i>crenata</i> (<i>Gluphisia</i>), <a href="#page66">66</a></p> <p><i>cribrum</i> (<i>Coscinia</i>), <a href="#page168">168</a></p> @@ -15348,9 +15308,9 @@ fuciformis</i>).</h5> <p><i>cucullatella</i> (<i>Nola</i>), <a href="#page139">139</a></p> <p><i>cultraria</i> (<i>Drepana</i>), <a href="#page135">135</a></p> <p><i>cursoria</i> (<i>Agrotis</i>), <a href="#page206">206</a></p> - <p><i>curtisii</i> (<i>Triphæna</i>), <a href="#page231">231</a></p> - <p><i>curtula</i> (<i>Pygæra</i>), <a href="#page82">82</a>, <a href="#page84">84</a></p> - <p><i>Cymatophoridæ</i>, <a href="#page85">85</a></p> + <p><i>curtisii</i> (<i>Triphæna</i>), <a href="#page231">231</a></p> + <p><i>curtula</i> (<i>Pygæra</i>), <a href="#page82">82</a>, <a href="#page84">84</a></p> + <p><i>Cymatophoridæ</i>, <a href="#page85">85</a></p> </div> <div class="stanza"> @@ -15361,7 +15321,7 @@ fuciformis</i>).</h5> <p><i>derasa</i> (<i>Habrosyne</i>), <a href="#page85">85</a></p> <p><i>deschangei</i> (<i>Spilosoma</i>), <a href="#page152">152</a></p> <p><i>desillii</i> (<i>Agrotis</i>), <a href="#page210">210</a></p> - <p><i>dictæoides</i> (<i>Pheosia</i>), <a href="#page70">70</a></p> + <p><i>dictæoides</i> (<i>Pheosia</i>), <a href="#page70">70</a></p> <p><i>didyma</i> (<i>Apamea</i>), <a href="#page274">274</a></p> <p><i>diluta</i> (<i>Asphalia</i>), <a href="#page91">91</a></p> <p><i>dimidiata</i> (<i>Pheosia</i>), <a href="#page70">70</a></p> @@ -15371,7 +15331,7 @@ fuciformis</i>).</h5> <p><i>ditrapezium</i> (<i>Noctua</i>), <a href="#page222">222</a></p> <p><i>dodonides</i> (<i>Drymonia</i>), <a href="#page68">68</a></p> <p><i>dominula</i> (<i>Callimorpha</i>), <a href="#page166">166</a></p> - <p><i>Drepanidæ</i>, <a href="#page131">131</a></p> + <p><i>Drepanidæ</i>, <a href="#page131">131</a></p> <p><i>dromedarius</i> (<i>Notodonta</i>), <a href="#page70">70</a></p> <p><i>dumerilli</i> (<i>Luperina</i>), <a href="#page268">268</a></p> <p><i>duplaris</i> (<i>Palimpsestis</i>), <a href="#page89">89</a></p> @@ -15381,16 +15341,16 @@ fuciformis</i>).</h5> <p><i>eboraci</i> (<i>Spilosoma</i>), <a href="#page152">152</a></p> <p><i>ectypa</i> (<i>Leucania</i>), <a href="#page304">304</a></p> <p><i>edda</i> (<i>Noctua</i>), <a href="#page219">219</a></p> - <p><i>elpenor</i> (<i>Chærocampa</i>), <a href="#page49">49</a></p> + <p><i>elpenor</i> (<i>Chærocampa</i>), <a href="#page49">49</a></p> <p><i>elpenor</i> (<i>Eumorpha</i>), <a href="#page49">49</a></p> <p><i>elpenorcellus</i> (<i>Metopsilus</i>), <a href="#page48">48</a></p> <p><i>elymi</i> (<i>Tapinostola</i>), <a href="#page302">302</a></p> - <p><i>Endromididæ</i>, <a href="#page129">129</a></p> + <p><i>Endromididæ</i>, <a href="#page129">129</a></p> <p><i>eremita</i> (<i>Lymantria</i>), <a href="#page105">105</a></p> <p><i>erythrostigma</i> (<i>Hydrœcia</i>), <a href="#page294">294</a></p> - <p><i>euphorbiæ</i> (<i>Acronycta</i>), <a href="#page197">197</a></p> - <p><i>euphorbiæ</i> (<i>Deilephila</i>), <a href="#page36">36</a></p> - <p><i>euphorbiæ</i> (<i>Hyles</i>), <a href="#page36">36</a></p> + <p><i>euphorbiæ</i> (<i>Acronycta</i>), <a href="#page197">197</a></p> + <p><i>euphorbiæ</i> (<i>Deilephila</i>), <a href="#page36">36</a></p> + <p><i>euphorbiæ</i> (<i>Hyles</i>), <a href="#page36">36</a></p> <p><i>exclamationis</i> (<i>Agrotis</i>), <a href="#page208">208</a></p> <p><i>exigua</i> (<i>Laphygma</i>), <a href="#page319">319</a></p> <p><i>extrema</i> (<i>Tapinostola</i>), <a href="#page301">301</a></p> @@ -15410,7 +15370,7 @@ fuciformis</i>).</h5> <p><i>festiva</i> (<i>Noctua</i>), <a href="#page224">224</a></p> <p><i>fibrosa</i> (<i>Helotropha</i>), <a href="#page293">293</a></p> <p><i>ficklini</i> (<i>Dianthœcia</i>), <a href="#page247">247</a></p> - <p><i>fimbria</i> (<i>Triphæna</i>), <a href="#page233">233</a></p> + <p><i>fimbria</i> (<i>Triphæna</i>), <a href="#page233">233</a></p> <p><i>finmarchia</i> (<i>Polyploca</i>), <a href="#page92">92</a></p> <p><i>flammea</i> (<i>Meliana</i>), <a href="#page300">300</a></p> <p><i>flammea</i> (<i>Rhizotype</i>), <a href="#page290">290</a></p> @@ -15431,22 +15391,22 @@ fuciformis</i>).</h5> </div> <div class="stanza"> - <p><i>gælica</i> (<i>Palimpsestis</i>), <a href="#page89">89</a></p> + <p><i>gælica</i> (<i>Palimpsestis</i>), <a href="#page89">89</a></p> <p><i>galii</i> (<i>Celerio</i>), <a href="#page38">38</a></p> <p><i>galii</i> (<i>Deilephila</i>), <a href="#page38">38</a></p> <p><i>gemina</i> (<i>Apamea</i>), <a href="#page272">272</a></p> <p><i>geminipuncta</i> (<i>Nonagria</i>), <a href="#page297">297</a></p> - <p><i>genistæ</i> (<i>Mamestra</i>), <a href="#page241">241</a></p> + <p><i>genistæ</i> (<i>Mamestra</i>), <a href="#page241">241</a></p> <p><i>glandifera</i> (<i>Bryophila</i>), <a href="#page200">200</a></p> <p><i>glareosa</i> (<i>Noctua</i>), <a href="#page218">218</a></p> <p><i>glauca</i> (<i>Mamestra</i>), <a href="#page245">245</a></p> <p><i>glaucata</i> (<i>Cilix</i>), <a href="#page138">138</a></p> <p><i>gonostigma</i> (<i>Orgyia</i>), <a href="#page94">94</a></p> - <p><i>gothica</i> (<i>Tæniocampa</i>), <a href="#page326">326</a></p> - <p><i>gothicina</i> (<i>Tæniocampa</i>), <a href="#page326">326</a></p> - <p><i>gracillis</i> (<i>Tæniocampa</i>), <a href="#page331">331</a></p> + <p><i>gothica</i> (<i>Tæniocampa</i>), <a href="#page326">326</a></p> + <p><i>gothicina</i> (<i>Tæniocampa</i>), <a href="#page326">326</a></p> + <p><i>gracillis</i> (<i>Tæniocampa</i>), <a href="#page331">331</a></p> <p><i>graminis</i> (<i>Cerapteryx</i>), <a href="#page256">256</a></p> - <p><i>graminis</i> (<i>Charæas</i>), <a href="#page256">256</a></p> + <p><i>graminis</i> (<i>Charæas</i>), <a href="#page256">256</a></p> <p><i>griseo-variegata</i> (<i>Panolis</i>), <a href="#page324">324</a></p> <p><i>griseola</i> (<i>Lithosia</i>), <a href="#page181">181</a></p> <p><i>gueneei</i> (<i>Luperina</i>), <a href="#page268">268</a></p> @@ -15454,36 +15414,36 @@ fuciformis</i>).</h5> <div class="stanza"> <p><i>harpagula</i> (<i>Drepana</i>), <a href="#page134">134</a></p> - <p><i>haworthii</i> (<i>Celæna</i>), <a href="#page269">269</a></p> + <p><i>haworthii</i> (<i>Celæna</i>), <a href="#page269">269</a></p> <p><i>hebridicola</i> (<i>Agrotis</i>), <a href="#page214">214</a></p> <p><i>hellmanni</i> (<i>Tapinostola</i>), <a href="#page301">301</a></p> <p><i>helvetina</i> (<i>Agrotis</i>), <a href="#page218">218</a></p> <p><i>hepatica</i> (<i>Xylophasia</i>), <a href="#page280">280</a></p> <p><i>hera</i> (<i>Callimorpha</i>), <a href="#page164">164</a></p> <p><i>hethlandica</i> (<i>Dianthœcia</i>), <a href="#page249">249</a></p> - <p><i>hibernica</i> (<i>Celæna</i>), <a href="#page270">270</a></p> + <p><i>hibernica</i> (<i>Celæna</i>), <a href="#page270">270</a></p> <p><i>hibernicus</i> (<i>Cerapteryx</i>), <a href="#page257">257</a></p> <p><i>hispidus</i> (<i>Heliophobus</i>), <a href="#page267">267</a></p> <p><i>hœgei</i> (<i>Gastropacha</i>), <a href="#page127">127</a></p> <p><i>hospita</i> (<i>Parasemia</i>), <a href="#page157">157</a></p> <p><i>hybridus</i> (<i>Smerinthus</i>), <a href="#page22">22</a></p> <p><i>hyperborea</i> (<i>Agrotis</i>), <a href="#page215">215</a></p> - <p><i>Hypsidæ</i>, <a href="#page167">167</a></p> + <p><i>Hypsidæ</i>, <a href="#page167">167</a></p> </div> <div class="stanza"> - <p><i>ianthina</i> (<i>Triphæna</i>), <a href="#page234">234</a></p> + <p><i>ianthina</i> (<i>Triphæna</i>), <a href="#page234">234</a></p> <p><i>ilicanus</i> (<i>Sarrothripa</i>), <a href="#page147">147</a></p> <p><i>ilicifolia</i> (<i>Epicnaptera</i>), <a href="#page125">125</a></p> - <p><i>immaculata</i> (<i>Tæniocampa</i>), <a href="#page330">330</a></p> + <p><i>immaculata</i> (<i>Tæniocampa</i>), <a href="#page330">330</a></p> <p><i>impar</i> (<i>Bryophila</i>), <a href="#page200">200</a></p> <p><i>impudens</i> (<i>Leucania</i>), <a href="#page307">307</a></p> <p><i>impura</i> (<i>Leucania</i>), <a href="#page305">305</a></p> - <p><i>incerta</i> (<i>Tæniocampa</i>), <a href="#page330">330</a></p> + <p><i>incerta</i> (<i>Tæniocampa</i>), <a href="#page330">330</a></p> <p><i>infuscata</i> (<i>Acronycta</i>), <a href="#page192">192</a></p> <p><i>infuscata</i> (<i>Xylophasia</i>), <a href="#page280">280</a></p> - <p><i>innuba</i> (<i>Triphæna</i>), <a href="#page232">232</a></p> - <p><i>interjecta</i> (<i>Triphæna</i>), <a href="#page234">234</a></p> + <p><i>innuba</i> (<i>Triphæna</i>), <a href="#page232">232</a></p> + <p><i>interjecta</i> (<i>Triphæna</i>), <a href="#page234">234</a></p> <p><i>intermedia</i> (<i>Celerio</i>), <a href="#page41">41</a></p> <p><i>inversa</i> (<i>Smerinthus</i>), <a href="#page22">22</a></p> <p><i>irregularis</i> (<i>Dianthœcia</i>, <a href="#page252">252</a></p> @@ -15491,7 +15451,7 @@ fuciformis</i>).</h5> </div> <div class="stanza"> - <p><i>jacobææ</i> (<i>Hipocrita</i>), <a href="#page171">171</a></p> + <p><i>jacobææ</i> (<i>Hipocrita</i>), <a href="#page171">171</a></p> </div> <div class="stanza"> @@ -15500,11 +15460,11 @@ fuciformis</i>).</h5> <p><i>lacteola</i> (<i>Lithosia</i>), <a href="#page185">185</a></p> <p><i>lanestris</i> (<i>Eriogaster</i>), <a href="#page114">114</a></p> <p><i>lapponica</i> (<i>Pterostoma</i>), <a href="#page80">80</a></p> - <p><i>Lasiocampidæ</i>, <a href="#page106">106</a></p> + <p><i>Lasiocampidæ</i>, <a href="#page106">106</a></p> <p><i>latruncula</i> (<i>Miana</i>), <a href="#page275">275</a></p> <p><i>leucographa</i> (<i>Pachnobia</i>), <a href="#page325">325</a></p> <p><i>leuconota</i> (<i>Hecatera</i>), <a href="#page254">254</a></p> - <p><i>leucophæa</i> (<i>Pachetra</i>), <a href="#page257">257</a></p> + <p><i>leucophæa</i> (<i>Pachetra</i>), <a href="#page257">257</a></p> <p><i>leucostigma</i> (<i>Helotropha</i>), <a href="#page293">293</a></p> <p><i>lichenea</i> (<i>Epunda</i>), <a href="#page285">285</a></p> <p><i>ligustri</i> (<i>Craniophora</i>), <a href="#page198">198</a></p> @@ -15512,7 +15472,7 @@ fuciformis</i>).</h5> <p><i>lineata</i> (<i>Deilephila</i>), <a href="#page41">41</a></p> <p><i>literosa</i> (<i>Miana</i>), <a href="#page276">276</a></p> <p><i>lithargyria</i> (<i>Leucania</i>), <a href="#page312">312</a></p> - <p><i>Lithosiinæ</i>, <a href="#page173">173</a></p> + <p><i>Lithosiinæ</i>, <a href="#page173">173</a></p> <p><i>lithoxylea</i> (<i>Xylophasia</i>), <a href="#page279">279</a></p> <p><i>littoralis</i> (<i>Leucania</i>), <a href="#page308">308</a></p> <p><i>littorali</i>s (<i>Prodenia</i>), <a href="#page264">264</a></p> @@ -15528,7 +15488,7 @@ fuciformis</i>).</h5> <p><i>luteago</i> (<i>Dianthœcia</i>), <a href="#page247">247</a></p> <p><i>lutescens</i> (<i>Callimorpha</i>), <a href="#page164">164</a></p> <p><i>lutulenta</i> (<i>Aporophyla</i>), <a href="#page282">282</a></p> - <p><i>Lymantriidæ,</i> <a href="#page94">94</a></p> + <p><i>Lymantriidæ,</i> <a href="#page94">94</a></p> </div> <div class="stanza"> @@ -15548,7 +15508,7 @@ fuciformis</i>).</h5> <p><i>meticulosa</i> (<i>Phlogophora</i>), <a href="#page291">291</a></p> <p><i>micacea</i> (<i>Hydrœcia</i>), <a href="#page294">294</a></p> <p><i>miniata</i> (<i>Miltochrista</i>), <a href="#page176">176</a></p> - <p><i>miniosa</i> (<i>Tæniocampa</i>), <a href="#page327">327</a></p> + <p><i>miniosa</i> (<i>Tæniocampa</i>), <a href="#page327">327</a></p> <p><i>molybdeola</i> (<i>Lithosia</i>), <a href="#page184">184</a></p> <p><i>monacha</i> (<i>Lymantria</i>), <a href="#page105">105</a></p> <p><i>monoglypha</i> (<i>Xylophasia</i>), <a href="#page280">280</a></p> @@ -15556,21 +15516,21 @@ fuciformis</i>).</h5> <p><i>mori</i> (<i>Bombyx</i>), <a href="#page106">106</a></p> <p><i>morpheus</i> (<i>Caradrina</i>), <a href="#page316">316</a></p> <p><i>morrisii</i> (<i>Petilampa</i>), <a href="#page320">320</a></p> - <p><i>munda</i> (<i>Tæniocampa</i>), <a href="#page330">330</a></p> + <p><i>munda</i> (<i>Tæniocampa</i>), <a href="#page330">330</a></p> <p><i>mundana</i> (<i>Nudaria</i>), <a href="#page174">174</a></p> <p><i>muralis</i> (<i>Bryophila</i>), <a href="#page200">200</a></p> <p><i>muscerda</i> (<i>Pelosia</i>), <a href="#page187">187</a></p> <p><i>musculosa</i> (<i>Oria</i>), <a href="#page302">302</a></p> - <p><i>myricæ</i> (<i>Acronycta</i>), <a href="#page197">197</a></p> + <p><i>myricæ</i> (<i>Acronycta</i>), <a href="#page197">197</a></p> </div> <div class="stanza"> - <p><i>nana</i> (<i>Tæniocampa</i>), <a href="#page328">328</a></p> + <p><i>nana</i> (<i>Tæniocampa</i>), <a href="#page328">328</a></p> <p><i>nebeculosa</i> (<i>Brachionycha</i>), <a href="#page288">288</a></p> <p><i>nebulosa</i> (<i>Aplecta</i>), <a href="#page238">238</a></p> <p><i>neglecta</i> (<i>Noctua</i>), <a href="#page219">219</a></p> <p><i>nerii</i> (<i>Daphnis</i>), <a href="#page45">45</a></p> - <p><i>nerii</i> (<i>Chærocampa</i>), <a href="#page45">45</a></p> + <p><i>nerii</i> (<i>Chærocampa</i>), <a href="#page45">45</a></p> <p><i>neurica</i> (<i>Nonagria</i>), <a href="#page298">298</a></p> <p><i>neustria</i> (<i>Malacosoma</i>), <a href="#page107">107</a>, <a href="#page111">111</a></p> <p><i>nictitans</i> (<i>Hydrœcia</i>), <a href="#page294">294</a></p> @@ -15580,9 +15540,9 @@ fuciformis</i>).</h5> <p><i>nigristriata</i> (<i>Senta</i>), <a href="#page299">299</a></p> <p><i>nigrocincta</i> (<i>Polia</i>), <a href="#page287">287</a></p> <p><i>nigrocostata</i> (<i>Senta</i>), <a href="#page299">299</a></p> - <p><i>Noctuidæ</i>, <a href="#page189">189</a></p> - <p><i>Nolidæ</i>, <a href="#page139">139</a></p> - <p><i>Notodontidæ</i>, <a href="#page56">56</a></p> + <p><i>Noctuidæ</i>, <a href="#page189">189</a></p> + <p><i>Nolidæ</i>, <a href="#page139">139</a></p> + <p><i>Notodontidæ</i>, <a href="#page56">56</a></p> <p><i>nubilata</i> (<i>Asphalia</i>), <a href="#page91">91</a></p> </div> @@ -15605,11 +15565,11 @@ fuciformis</i>).</h5> <p><i>olivacea</i> (<i>Polia</i>), <a href="#page286">286</a></p> <p><i>olivaceo-fasciata</i> (<i>Lasiocampa</i>), <a href="#page126">126</a></p> <p><i>ophiogramma</i> (<i>Apamea</i>), <a href="#page274">274</a></p> - <p><i>opima</i> (<i>Tæniocampa</i>), <a href="#page320">320</a></p> + <p><i>opima</i> (<i>Tæniocampa</i>), <a href="#page320">320</a></p> <p><i>or</i> (<i>Palimpsestis</i>), <a href="#page88">88</a></p> - <p><i>orbona</i> (<i>Triphæna</i>), <a href="#page230">230</a></p> + <p><i>orbona</i> (<i>Triphæna</i>), <a href="#page230">230</a></p> <p><i>orion</i> (<i>Diphtera</i>), <a href="#page189">189</a></p> - <p><i>oxyacanthæ</i> (<i>Miselia</i>), <a href="#page289">289</a></p> + <p><i>oxyacanthæ</i> (<i>Miselia</i>), <a href="#page289">289</a></p> </div> <div class="stanza"> @@ -15627,11 +15587,11 @@ fuciformis</i>).</h5> <p><i>peregrina</i> (<i>Mamestra</i>), <a href="#page246">246</a></p> <p><i>perfusca</i> (<i>Noctua</i>), <a href="#page226">226</a></p> <p><i>perla</i> (<i>Bryophila</i>), <a href="#page200">200</a></p> - <p><i>persicariæ</i> (<i>Mamestra</i>), <a href="#page239">239</a></p> + <p><i>persicariæ</i> (<i>Mamestra</i>), <a href="#page239">239</a></p> <p><i>petasitis</i> (<i>Hydrœcia</i>), <a href="#page295">295</a></p> <p><i>phœbe</i> (<i>Notodonta</i>), <a href="#page72">72</a></p> <p><i>phragmitidis</i> (<i>Calamia</i>), <a href="#page303">303</a></p> - <p><i>pigra</i> (<i>Pygæra</i>), <a href="#page84">84</a></p> + <p><i>pigra</i> (<i>Pygæra</i>), <a href="#page84">84</a></p> <p><i>pinastri</i> (<i>Hyloicus</i>), <a href="#page34">34</a></p> <p><i>pini</i> (<i>Dendrolimus</i>), <a href="#page106">106</a></p> <p><i>pini</i> (<i>Eutricha</i>), <a href="#page106">106</a></p> @@ -15642,31 +15602,31 @@ fuciformis</i>).</h5> <p><i>plecta</i> (<i>Noctua</i>), <a href="#page228">228</a></p> <p><i>plumigera</i> (<i>Ptilophora</i>), <a href="#page79">79</a></p> <p><i>polyodon</i> (<i>Cloantha</i>), <a href="#page282">282</a></p> - <p><i>Polyplocidæ</i>, <a href="#page95">95</a></p> + <p><i>Polyplocidæ</i>, <a href="#page95">95</a></p> <p><i>popularis</i> (<i>Tholera</i>), <a href="#page255">255</a></p> - <p><i>populeti</i> (<i>Tæniocampa</i>), <a href="#page329">329</a></p> + <p><i>populeti</i> (<i>Tæniocampa</i>), <a href="#page329">329</a></p> <p><i>populi</i> (<i>Amorpha</i>), <a href="#page20">20</a></p> <p><i>populi</i> (<i>Pœcilocampa</i>), <a href="#page113">113</a></p> <p><i>populi</i> (<i>Smerinthus</i>), <a href="#page20">20</a>, <a href="#page22">22</a></p> - <p><i>porcellus</i> (<i>Chærocampa</i>), <a href="#page48">48</a></p> + <p><i>porcellus</i> (<i>Chærocampa</i>), <a href="#page48">48</a></p> <p><i>porcellus</i> (<i>Metopsilus</i>), <a href="#page48">48</a></p> <p><i>potatoria</i> (<i>Cosmotriche</i>), <a href="#page123">123</a></p> - <p><i>præcox</i> (<i>Agrotis</i>), <a href="#page211">211</a></p> + <p><i>præcox</i> (<i>Agrotis</i>), <a href="#page211">211</a></p> <p><i>prasina</i> (<i>Euoris</i>), <a href="#page235">235</a></p> <p><i>prasinana</i> (<i>Hylophila</i>), <a href="#page145">145</a></p> - <p><i>primulæ</i> (<i>Noctua</i>), <a href="#page224">224</a></p> - <p><i>pronuba</i> (<i>Triphæna</i>), <a href="#page232">232</a></p> + <p><i>primulæ</i> (<i>Noctua</i>), <a href="#page224">224</a></p> + <p><i>pronuba</i> (<i>Triphæna</i>), <a href="#page232">232</a></p> <p><i>protea</i> (<i>Eumichtis</i>), <a href="#page264">264</a></p> <p><i>psi</i> (<i>Acronycta</i>), <a href="#page195">195</a></p> <p><i>pudibunda</i> (<i>Dasychira</i>), <a href="#page98">98</a></p> <p><i>pudorina</i> (<i>Leucania</i>), <a href="#page307">307</a></p> <p><i>pulchella</i> (<i>Deiopeia</i>), <a href="#page169">169</a></p> - <p><i>pulverulenta</i> (<i>Tæniocampa</i>), <a href="#page328">328</a></p> + <p><i>pulverulenta</i> (<i>Tæniocampa</i>), <a href="#page328">328</a></p> <p><i>punctina</i> (<i>Leucania</i>), <a href="#page306">306</a></p> <p><i>puta</i> (<i>Agrotis</i>), <a href="#page204">204</a></p> <p><i>putrescens</i> (<i>Leucania</i>), <a href="#page310">310</a></p> <p><i>putris</i> (<i>Axylia</i>), <a href="#page229">229</a></p> - <p><i>pygmæola</i> (<i>Lithosia</i>), <a href="#page184">184</a>, <a href="#page185">185</a></p> + <p><i>pygmæola</i> (<i>Lithosia</i>), <a href="#page184">184</a>, <a href="#page185">185</a></p> <p><i>pyramidea</i> (<i>Amphipyra</i>), <a href="#page323">323</a></p> </div> @@ -15690,7 +15650,7 @@ fuciformis</i>).</h5> <p><i>revayana</i> (<i>Sarrothripa</i>), <a href="#page144">144</a>, <a href="#page146">146</a></p> <p><i>rhomboidea</i> (<i>Noctua</i>), <a href="#page223">223</a></p> <p><i>ridens</i> (<i>Polyploca</i>), <a href="#page93">93</a></p> - <p><i>ripæ</i> (<i>Agrotis</i>), <a href="#page210">210</a></p> + <p><i>ripæ</i> (<i>Agrotis</i>), <a href="#page210">210</a></p> <p><i>roboris</i> (<i>Aplecta</i>), <a href="#page238">238</a></p> <p><i>roboris</i> (<i>Lasiocampa</i>), <a href="#page116">116</a></p> <p><i>rosea</i> (<i>Agrotis</i>), <a href="#page214">214</a>, <a href="#page218">218</a></p> @@ -15700,8 +15660,8 @@ fuciformis</i>).</h5> <p><i>rubricollis</i> (<i>Atolmis</i>), <a href="#page173">173</a></p> <p><i>rubricosa</i> (<i>Pachnobia</i>), <a href="#page326">326</a></p> <p><i>rufa</i> (<i>Cœnobia</i>), <a href="#page299">299</a></p> - <p><i>rufa</i> (<i>Tæniocampa</i>), <a href="#page326">326</a></p> - <p><i>rufescens</i> (<i>Tæniocampa</i>), <a href="#page332">332</a></p> + <p><i>rufa</i> (<i>Tæniocampa</i>), <a href="#page326">326</a></p> + <p><i>rufescens</i> (<i>Tæniocampa</i>), <a href="#page332">332</a></p> <p><i>rumicis</i> (<i>Acronycta</i>), <a href="#page198">198</a></p> <p><i>runica</i> (<i>Diphtera</i>), <a href="#page190">190</a></p> <p><i>rurea</i> (<i>Xylophasia</i>), <a href="#page278">278</a></p> @@ -15713,9 +15673,9 @@ fuciformis</i>).</h5> <p><i>salicis</i> (<i>Acronycta</i>), <a href="#page198">198</a></p> <p><i>salicis</i> (<i>Stilpnotia</i>), <a href="#page102">102</a></p> <p><i>sanio</i> (<i>Diacrisia</i>), <a href="#page158">158</a></p> - <p><i>Sarrothripinæ</i>, <a href="#page146">146</a></p> + <p><i>Sarrothripinæ</i>, <a href="#page146">146</a></p> <p><i>satura</i> (<i>Eumichtis</i>), <a href="#page260">260</a></p> - <p><i>Saturniidæ</i>, <a href="#page131">131</a></p> + <p><i>Saturniidæ</i>, <a href="#page131">131</a></p> <p><i>saucia</i> (<i>Agrotis</i>), <a href="#page212">212</a></p> <p><i>scabriuncula</i> (<i>Dipterygia</i>), <a href="#page281">281</a></p> <p><i>schaufussi</i> (<i>Malacosoma</i>), <a href="#page111">111</a></p> @@ -15740,10 +15700,10 @@ fuciformis</i>).</h5> <p><i>sobrina</i> (<i>Noctua</i>), <a href="#page227">227</a></p> <p><i>sororcula</i> (<i>Lithosia</i>), <a href="#page187">187</a></p> <p><i>sparganii</i> (<i>Nonagria</i>), <a href="#page296">296</a></p> - <p><i>Sphingidæ</i>, <a href="#page17">17</a></p> + <p><i>Sphingidæ</i>, <a href="#page17">17</a></p> <p><i>sphinx</i> (<i>Brachionycha</i>), <a href="#page288">288</a></p> <p><i>spinula</i> (<i>Cilix</i>), <a href="#page132">132</a></p> - <p><i>stabilis</i> (<i>Tæniocampa</i>), <a href="#page328">328</a></p> + <p><i>stabilis</i> (<i>Tæniocampa</i>), <a href="#page328">328</a></p> <p><i>steinerti</i> (<i>Acronycta</i>), <a href="#page193">193</a></p> <p><i>stellatarum</i> (<i>Macroglossa</i>), <a href="#page52">52</a></p> <p><i>stigmatica</i> (<i>Noctua</i>), <a href="#page223">223</a></p> @@ -15755,7 +15715,7 @@ fuciformis</i>).</h5> <p><i>strigula</i> (<i>Nola</i>), <a href="#page140">140</a></p> <p><i>suasa</i> (<i>Mamestra</i>), <a href="#page242">242</a></p> <p><i>subfusca</i> (<i>Noctua</i>), <a href="#page203">203</a></p> - <p><i>subsequa</i> (<i>Triphæna</i>), <a href="#page231">231</a></p> + <p><i>subsequa</i> (<i>Triphæna</i>), <a href="#page231">231</a></p> <p><i>sublustris</i> (<i>Xylophasia</i>), <a href="#page278">278</a></p> <p><i>subrosea</i> (<i>Noctua</i>), <a href="#page217">217</a></p> <p><i>suffusa</i> (<i>Polia</i>), <a href="#page286">286</a></p> @@ -15771,10 +15731,10 @@ fuciformis</i>).</h5> <p><i>thalassina</i> (<i>Mamestra</i>), <a href="#page243">243</a></p> <p><i>thompsoni</i> (<i>Aplecta</i>), <a href="#page238">238</a></p> <p><i>thulei</i> (<i>Noctua</i>), <a href="#page224">224</a></p> - <p><i>Thyatiridæ</i>, <a href="#page85">85</a></p> + <p><i>Thyatiridæ</i>, <a href="#page85">85</a></p> <p><i>tincta</i> (<i>Aplecta</i>), <a href="#page236">236</a></p> - <p><i>tiliæ</i> (<i>Dilina</i>), <a href="#page17">17</a></p> - <p><i>tiliæ</i> (<i>Mimas</i>), <a href="#page17">17</a></p> + <p><i>tiliæ</i> (<i>Dilina</i>), <a href="#page17">17</a></p> + <p><i>tiliæ</i> (<i>Mimas</i>), <a href="#page17">17</a></p> <p><i>tityus</i> (<i>Hemaris</i>), <a href="#page55">55</a></p> <p><i>torva</i> (<i>Notodonta</i>), <a href="#page73">73</a></p> <p><i>tragopogonis</i> (<i>Amphipyra</i>), <a href="#page324">324</a></p> @@ -15792,8 +15752,8 @@ fuciformis</i>).</h5> <p><i>tritophus</i> (<i>Notodonta</i>), <a href="#page72">72</a>, <a href="#page73">73</a></p> <p><i>trux</i> (<i>Agrotis</i>), <a href="#page205">205</a></p> <p><i>turca</i> (<i>Leucania</i>), <a href="#page314">314</a></p> - <p><i>typhæ</i> (<i>Nonagria</i>), <a href="#page297">297</a></p> - <p><i>typica</i> (<i>Nænia</i>), <a href="#page293">293</a></p> + <p><i>typhæ</i> (<i>Nonagria</i>), <a href="#page297">297</a></p> + <p><i>typica</i> (<i>Nænia</i>), <a href="#page293">293</a></p> </div> <div class="stanza"> @@ -15802,7 +15762,7 @@ fuciformis</i>).</h5> <p><i>unanimis</i> (<i>Apamea</i>), <a href="#page273">273</a></p> <p><i>unicolor</i> (<i>Lithosia</i>), <a href="#page180">180</a></p> <p><i>unipuncta</i> (<i>Leucania</i>), <a href="#page310">310</a></p> - <p><i>urticæ</i> (<i>Spilosoma</i>), <a href="#page150">150</a></p> + <p><i>urticæ</i> (<i>Spilosoma</i>), <a href="#page150">150</a></p> </div> <div class="stanza"> @@ -15844,23 +15804,23 @@ described in this volume.</h5> <div class="contents"> <div class="stanza"> - <p>SPHINGIDÆ, <a href="#page17">17</a>-<a href="#page55">55</a></p> - <p>NOTODONTIDÆ, <a href="#page56">56</a>-<a href="#page84">84</a></p> - <p>THYATIRIDÆ, <a href="#page85">85</a>-<a href="#page93">93</a></p> - <p>LYMANTRIIDÆ, <a href="#page94">94</a>-<a href="#page105">105</a></p> - <p>LASIOCAMPIDÆ, <a href="#page106">106</a>-<a href="#page128">128</a></p> - <p>ENDROMIDIDÆ, <a href="#page129">129</a>, <a href="#page130">130</a></p> - <p>SATURNIIDÆ, <a href="#page131">131</a>, <a href="#page132">132</a></p> - <p>DREPANIDÆ, <a href="#page132">132</a>-<a href="#page138">138</a></p> - <p>NOLIDÆ, <a href="#page139">139</a>-<a href="#page142">142</a></p> - <p>CHLOËPHORIDÆ, <a href="#page143">143</a>-<a href="#page146">146</a></p> - <p class="i4">SARROTHRIPINÆ, <a href="#page146">146</a></p> - <p>ARCTIIDÆ, <a href="#page148">148</a>-<a href="#page188">188</a></p> - <p class="i4">ARCTIINÆ, <a href="#page148">148</a>-<a href="#page172">172</a></p> - <p class="i4">LITHOSIINÆ, <a href="#page173">173</a>-<a href="#page188">188</a></p> - <p>NOCTUIDÆ, <a href="#page189">189</a>-<a href="#page331">331</a></p> - <p class="i4">ACRONYCTINÆ, <a href="#page189">189</a>-<a href="#page201">201</a></p> - <p class="i4">TRIFINÆ, <a href="#page201">201</a>-<a href="#page331">331</a></p> + <p>SPHINGIDÆ, <a href="#page17">17</a>-<a href="#page55">55</a></p> + <p>NOTODONTIDÆ, <a href="#page56">56</a>-<a href="#page84">84</a></p> + <p>THYATIRIDÆ, <a href="#page85">85</a>-<a href="#page93">93</a></p> + <p>LYMANTRIIDÆ, <a href="#page94">94</a>-<a href="#page105">105</a></p> + <p>LASIOCAMPIDÆ, <a href="#page106">106</a>-<a href="#page128">128</a></p> + <p>ENDROMIDIDÆ, <a href="#page129">129</a>, <a href="#page130">130</a></p> + <p>SATURNIIDÆ, <a href="#page131">131</a>, <a href="#page132">132</a></p> + <p>DREPANIDÆ, <a href="#page132">132</a>-<a href="#page138">138</a></p> + <p>NOLIDÆ, <a href="#page139">139</a>-<a href="#page142">142</a></p> + <p>CHLOËPHORIDÆ, <a href="#page143">143</a>-<a href="#page146">146</a></p> + <p class="i4">SARROTHRIPINÆ, <a href="#page146">146</a></p> + <p>ARCTIIDÆ, <a href="#page148">148</a>-<a href="#page188">188</a></p> + <p class="i4">ARCTIINÆ, <a href="#page148">148</a>-<a href="#page172">172</a></p> + <p class="i4">LITHOSIINÆ, <a href="#page173">173</a>-<a href="#page188">188</a></p> + <p>NOCTUIDÆ, <a href="#page189">189</a>-<a href="#page331">331</a></p> + <p class="i4">ACRONYCTINÆ, <a href="#page189">189</a>-<a href="#page201">201</a></p> + <p class="i4">TRIFINÆ, <a href="#page201">201</a>-<a href="#page331">331</a></p> </div> </div> @@ -15922,383 +15882,6 @@ Miss E. L. TURNER, M.B.O.U., and others.</h5> <span class="sc">London</span>: Chandos House, Bedford Court, Bedford Street, W.C. 2<br /> <span class="sc">New York</span>: 26, East 22nd Street.</h5> - - - - - - - -<pre> - - - - - -End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of The Moths of the British Isles, First -Series, by Richard South - -*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK MOTHS OF BRITISH ISLES, 1ST SERIES *** - -***** This file should be named 41782-h.htm or 41782-h.zip ***** -This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: - http://www.gutenberg.org/4/1/7/8/41782/ - -Produced by Chris Curnow, Keith Edkins and the Online -Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This -file was produced from images generously made available -by The Internet Archive) - - -Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions -will be renamed. - -Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no -one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation -(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without -permission and without paying copyright royalties. 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