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diff --git a/41702-h/41702-h.htm b/41702-h/41702-h.htm index 5a47b0d..ae4a41b 100644 --- a/41702-h/41702-h.htm +++ b/41702-h/41702-h.htm @@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd"> <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"> <head> -<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1" /> +<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" /> <title>The Project Gutenberg eBook of Trees of Indiana, by Charles Clemon Deam</title> <style type="text/css"> @@ -120,24 +120,9 @@ sup {font-size: .6em; position: relative; top: 0.25em; left: 0.3em;} </style> </head> <body> +<div>*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK 41702 ***</div> <h1 class="pg">The Project Gutenberg eBook, Trees of Indiana, by Charles Clemon Deam</h1> -<p>This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with -almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or -re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included -with this eBook or online at <a -href="http://www.gutenberg.org">www.gutenberg.org</a></p> -<p>Title: Trees of Indiana</p> -<p> First Revised Edition (Publication No. 13, Department of Conservation, State of Indiana)</p> -<p>Author: Charles Clemon Deam</p> -<p>Release Date: December 26, 2012 [eBook #41702]</p> -<p>Language: English</p> -<p>Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1</p> -<p>***START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK TREES OF INDIANA***</p> <p> </p> -<h3>E-text prepared by<br /> - Carol Wilbur, Bruce Albrecht, Tom Cosmas,<br /> - and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team<br /> - (http://www.pgdp.net)</h3> <p> </p> <hr class="full" /> <p> </p> @@ -350,7 +335,7 @@ Director, The Department of Conservation.<br /> </tr> <tr class="row2"> <td class="tdr2">8.</td> - <td>Thuja occidentalis (Arbor-Vit)</td> + <td>Thuja occidentalis (Arbor-Vitæ)</td> <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_33">33</a></td> </tr> <tr> @@ -691,118 +676,118 @@ Director, The Department of Conservation.<br /> </tr> <tr class="row2"> <td class="tdr2">76.</td> - <td>Amelanchier lvis (Smooth Juneberry or Service Berry)</td> + <td>Amelanchier lævis (Smooth Juneberry or Service Berry)</td> <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_179">179</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="tdr2">77.</td> - <td>Cratgus Crus-galli (Cock-spur Thorn)</td> + <td>Cratægus Crus-galli (Cock-spur Thorn)</td> <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_183">183</a></td> </tr> <tr class="row2"> <td class="tdr2">78.</td> - <td>Cratgus cuneiformis (Marshall's Thorn)</td> + <td>Cratægus cuneiformis (Marshall's Thorn)</td> <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_184">184</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="tdr2">79.</td> - <td>Cratgus punctata (Large-fruited Thorn)</td> + <td>Cratægus punctata (Large-fruited Thorn)</td> <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_186">186</a></td> </tr> <tr class="row2"> <td class="tdr2">80.</td> - <td>Cratgus Margaretta (Judge Brown's Thorn)</td> + <td>Cratægus Margaretta (Judge Brown's Thorn)</td> <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_187">187</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="tdr2">81.</td> - <td>Cratgus collina (Chapman's Hill Thorn)</td> + <td>Cratægus collina (Chapman's Hill Thorn)</td> <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_189">189</a></td> </tr> <tr class="row2"> <td class="tdr2">82.</td> - <td>Cratgus succulenta (Long-spined Thorn)</td> + <td>Cratægus succulenta (Long-spined Thorn)</td> <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_190">190</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="tdr2">83.</td> - <td>Cratgus neo-fluvialis (New River Thorn)</td> + <td>Cratægus neo-fluvialis (New River Thorn)</td> <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_192">192</a></td> </tr> <tr class="row2"> <td class="tdr2">84.</td> - <td>Cratgus Calpodendron (Pear Thorn)</td> + <td>Cratægus Calpodendron (Pear Thorn)</td> <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_193">193</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="tdr2">85.</td> - <td>Cratgus chrysocarpa (Round-leaved Thorn)</td> + <td>Cratægus chrysocarpa (Round-leaved Thorn)</td> <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_195">195</a></td> </tr> <tr class="row2"> <td class="tdr2">86.</td> - <td>Cratgus viridis (Southern Thorn)</td> + <td>Cratægus viridis (Southern Thorn)</td> <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_196">196</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="tdr2">87.</td> - <td>Cratgus nitida (Shining Thorn)</td> + <td>Cratægus nitida (Shining Thorn)</td> <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_198">198</a></td> </tr> <tr class="row2"> <td class="tdr2">88.</td> - <td>Cratgus macrosperma (Variable Thorn)</td> + <td>Cratægus macrosperma (Variable Thorn)</td> <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_199">199</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="tdr2">89.</td> - <td>Cratgus basilica (Edson's Thorn)</td> + <td>Cratægus basilica (Edson's Thorn)</td> <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_201">201</a></td> </tr> <tr class="row2"> <td class="tdr2">90.</td> - <td>Cratgus Jesupi (Jesup's Thorn)</td> + <td>Cratægus Jesupi (Jesup's Thorn)</td> <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_202">202</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="tdr2">91.</td> - <td>Cratgus rugosa (Fretz's Thorn)</td> + <td>Cratægus rugosa (Fretz's Thorn)</td> <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_204">204</a></td> </tr> <tr class="row2"> <td class="tdr2">92.</td> - <td>Cratgus filipes (Miss Beckwith's Thorn)</td> + <td>Cratægus filipes (Miss Beckwith's Thorn)</td> <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_205">205</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="tdr2">93.</td> - <td>Cratgus Gattingeri (Gattinger's Thorn)</td> + <td>Cratægus Gattingeri (Gattinger's Thorn)</td> <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_207">207</a></td> </tr> <tr class="row2"> <td class="tdr2">94.</td> - <td>Cratgus pruinosa (Waxy-fruited Thorn) + <td>Cratægus pruinosa (Waxy-fruited Thorn) <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_12" id="Page_12">[12]</a></span></td> <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_208">208</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="tdr2">95.</td> - <td>Cratgus coccinoides (Eggert's Thorn)</td> + <td>Cratægus coccinoides (Eggert's Thorn)</td> <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_210">210</a></td> </tr> <tr class="row2"> <td class="tdr2">96.</td> - <td>Cratgus coccinea (Scarlet Thorn)</td> + <td>Cratægus coccinea (Scarlet Thorn)</td> <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_211">211</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="tdr2">97.</td> - <td>Cratgus mollis (Red-fruited or Downy Thorn)</td> + <td>Cratægus mollis (Red-fruited or Downy Thorn)</td> <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_213">213</a></td> </tr> <tr class="row2"> <td class="tdr2">98.</td> - <td>Cratgus Phnopyrum (Washington's Thorn)</td> + <td>Cratægus Phænopyrum (Washington's Thorn)</td> <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_215">215</a></td> </tr> <tr> @@ -892,12 +877,12 @@ Director, The Department of Conservation.<br /> </tr> <tr class="row2"> <td class="tdr2">116.</td> - <td>sculus glabra (Buckeye)</td> + <td>Æsculus glabra (Buckeye)</td> <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_252">252</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="tdr2">117.</td> - <td>sculus octandra (Sweet Buckeye)</td> + <td>Æsculus octandra (Sweet Buckeye)</td> <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_254">254</a></td> </tr> <tr class="row2"> @@ -1021,8 +1006,8 @@ plants of the State which generally attain a maximum diameter of 10 cm. (4 inches) at breast high are regarded as tree forms. <i>Alnus rugosa</i> which so closely resembles <i>Alnus incana</i>, is an exception, and a description of it is given to aid in the identification of our tree form of -<i>Alnus</i>. Also several species of Cratgus are included which commonly -do not attain tree size. The species of all Cratgus begin to flower +<i>Alnus</i>. Also several species of Cratægus are included which commonly +do not attain tree size. The species of all Cratægus begin to flower and fruit many years before they attain their maximum size. The genus is much in need of study, and the smaller forms are included to stimulate a study of the genus, and in order that the larger forms @@ -1166,8 +1151,8 @@ each year by the Wabash River.</p> for the greater part been taken from the works of Britton and Brown, Hough, and Sargent, to whom indebtedness is acknowledged.</p> -<p>The <i>Salicace</i>, except the genus <i>Populus</i> was written by C. R. Ball, -of the Bureau of Plant Industry, Washington, D. C. The <i>Malace</i> +<p>The <i>Salicaceæ</i>, except the genus <i>Populus</i> was written by C. R. Ball, +of the Bureau of Plant Industry, Washington, D. C. The <i>Malaceæ</i> was contributed by W. W. Eggleston, also of the Bureau of Plant Industry, Washington, D. C. These authors were asked to make their part conform to the general plan of the book. Mr. Ball and Mr. @@ -1202,7 +1187,7 @@ of doing this work.</p> </tr> <tr class="row2"> <td><p class="references">Leaves linear or scale-like.</p></td> - <td class="smcap">Pinace</td> + <td class="smcap">Pinaceæ</td> <td class="tdr"><a href="#PINACEAE">19</a></td> </tr> <tr class="row1"> @@ -1215,12 +1200,12 @@ of doing this work.</p> </tr> <tr class="row2"> <td><p class="references4">Leaves palmately compound.</p></td> - <td class="smcap">sculace</td> + <td class="smcap">Æsculaceæ</td> <td class="tdr"><a href="#AESCULACEAE">251</a></td> </tr> <tr class="row3"> <td><p class="references6">Leaves without an odd leaflet at the end.</p></td> - <td class="smcap">Csalpinace</td> + <td class="smcap">Cæsalpinaceæ</td> <td class="tdr"><a href="#CAESALPINACEAE">226</a></td> </tr> <tr class="row1"> @@ -1233,7 +1218,7 @@ of doing this work.</p> </tr> <tr class="row2"> <td><p class="references10">Leaflets toothed all around.</p></td> - <td class="smcap">Juglandace</td> + <td class="smcap">Juglandaceæ</td> <td class="tdr"><a href="#JUGLANDACEAE">52</a></td> </tr> <tr class="row1"> @@ -1243,14 +1228,14 @@ of doing this work.</p> <tr class="row2"> <td><p class="references12">Trees with thorns, leaflets entire, generally less than 4 cm. (1<sup>1</sup>/<sub>2</sub> inches) long.</p></td> - <td class="smcap">Fabace</td> + <td class="smcap">Fabaceæ</td> <td class="tdr"><a href="#FABACEAE">233</a></td> </tr> <tr class="row3"> <td><p class="references12">Trees without thorns, leaflets entire or with 1-4 teeth near the base, generally longer than 4 cm. (1<sup>1</sup>/<sub>2</sub> inches).</p></td> - <td class="smcap">Simarubace</td> + <td class="smcap">Simarubaceæ</td> <td class="tdr"><a href="#SIMARUBACEAE">237</a></td> </tr> <tr class="row1"> @@ -1259,12 +1244,12 @@ of doing this work.</p> </tr> <tr class="row2"> <td><p class="references12">Leaflets 3-5, fruit in pairs.</p></td> - <td class="smcap">Acerace</td> + <td class="smcap">Aceraceæ</td> <td class="tdr"><a href="#ACERACEAE">239</a></td> </tr> <tr class="row3"> <td><p class="references12">Leaflets 5-11, fruit single.</p></td> - <td class="smcap">Oleace</td> + <td class="smcap">Oleaceæ</td> <td class="tdr"><a href="#OLEACEAE">267</a></td> </tr> <tr class="row1"> @@ -1281,12 +1266,12 @@ of doing this work.</p> </tr> <tr class="row2"> <td><p class="references8">Blades palmately 3-5 lobed.</p></td> - <td class="smcap">Acerace</td> + <td class="smcap">Aceraceæ</td> <td class="tdr"><a href="#ACERACEAE">239</a></td> </tr> <tr class="row3"> <td><p class="references8">Blades entire or with 1 or 2 lateral lobes.</p></td> - <td class="smcap">Bignoniace</td> + <td class="smcap">Bignoniaceæ</td> <td class="tdr"><a href="#BIGNONIACEAE">284</a></td> </tr> <tr class="row1"> @@ -1295,12 +1280,12 @@ of doing this work.</p> </tr> <tr class="row2"> <td><p class="references8">Flowers 4-parted, stone of fruit round.</p></td> - <td class="smcap">Cornace</td> + <td class="smcap">Cornaceæ</td> <td class="tdr"><a href="#CORNACEAE">259</a></td> </tr> <tr class="row3"> <td><p class="references8">Flowers 5-parted, stone of fruit flattened.</p></td> - <td class="smcap">Caprifoliace</td> + <td class="smcap">Caprifoliaceæ</td> <td class="tdr"><a href="#CAPRIFOLIACEAE">288</a></td> </tr> <tr class="row1"> @@ -1313,7 +1298,7 @@ of doing this work.</p> </tr> <tr class="row2"> <td><p class="references8">Trees with thorns and a milky sap.</p></td> - <td class="smcap">Maclura in Morace</td> + <td class="smcap">Maclura in Moraceæ</td> <td class="tdr"><a href="#MACLURA">155</a></td> </tr> <tr class="row1"> @@ -1326,12 +1311,12 @@ of doing this work.</p> </tr> <tr class="row2"> <td><p class="references12">Leaves 3-nerved at the base.</p></td> - <td class="smcap">Celtis in Ulmace</td> + <td class="smcap">Celtis in Ulmaceæ</td> <td class="tdr"><a href="#CELTIS">146</a></td> </tr> <tr class="row3"> <td><p class="references12">Leaves 5-nerved at the base.</p></td> - <td class="smcap">Cercis in Csalpinace</td> + <td class="smcap">Cercis in Cæsalpinaceæ</td> <td class="tdr"><a href="#CAESALPINACEAE">227</a></td> </tr> <tr class="row1"> @@ -1345,12 +1330,12 @@ of doing this work.</p> </tr> <tr class="row2"> <td><p class="references14">Flowers appearing before or with the leaves.</p></td> - <td class="smcap">Anonace</td> + <td class="smcap">Anonaceæ</td> <td class="tdr"><a href="#ANONACEAE">161</a></td> </tr> <tr class="row3"> <td><p class="references14">Flowers appearing after the leaves.</p></td> - <td class="smcap">Magnoliace</td> + <td class="smcap">Magnoliaceæ</td> <td class="tdr"><a href="#MAGNOLIACEAE">155</a></td> </tr> <tr class="row1"> @@ -1360,7 +1345,7 @@ of doing this work.</p> </tr> <tr class="row2"> <td><p class="references14">Bark and leaves aromatic.</p></td> - <td class="smcap">Laurace</td> + <td class="smcap">Lauraceæ</td> <td class="tdr"><a href="#LAURACEAE">163</a></td> </tr> <tr class="row1"> @@ -1369,7 +1354,7 @@ of doing this work.</p> </tr> <tr class="row2"> <td><p class="references16">Fruit dry, an acorn.</p></td> - <td class="smcap">Quercus imbricaria in Fagace</td> + <td class="smcap">Quercus imbricaria in Fagaceæ</td> <td class="tdr"><a href="#Quercus_imbricaria">119</a></td> </tr> <tr class="row1"> @@ -1378,13 +1363,13 @@ of doing this work.</p> </tr> <tr class="row2"> <td><p class="references18">Fruit with one seed, stone cylindrical.</p></td> - <td class="smcap">Nyssa in Cornace</td> + <td class="smcap">Nyssa in Cornaceæ</td> <td class="tdr"><a href="#NYSSA">259</a></td> </tr> <tr class="row3"> <td><p class="references18">Fruit with more than one seed, rarely one, seeds flat.</p></td> - <td class="smcap">Ebenace</td> + <td class="smcap">Ebenaceæ</td> <td class="tdr"><a href="#EBENACEAE">265</a></td> </tr> <tr class="row1"> @@ -1397,7 +1382,7 @@ of doing this work.</p> </tr> <tr class="row2"> <td><p class="references4">Bark and leaves aromatic.</p></td> - <td class="smcap">Laurace</td> + <td class="smcap">Lauraceæ</td> <td class="tdr"><a href="#LAURACEAE">163</a></td> </tr> <tr class="row1"> @@ -1411,14 +1396,14 @@ of doing this work.</p> <tr class="row2"> <td><p class="references8">Scales of winter buds 2, ovary many-seeded, seeds with a tuft of hairs at the summit.</p></td> - <td class="smcap">Salix in Salicace</td> + <td class="smcap">Salix in Salicaceæ</td> <td class="tdr"><a href="#SALIX">34</a></td> </tr> <tr class="row3"> <td><p class="references8">Scales of winter buds more than 2, ovary 1-seeded, seeds without a tuft of hairs at the summit.</p></td> - <td class="smcap">Betulace</td> + <td class="smcap">Betulaceæ</td> <td class="tdr"><a href="#BETULACEAE">78</a></td> </tr> <tr class="row1"> @@ -1432,7 +1417,7 @@ of doing this work.</p> </tr> <tr class="row2"> <td><p class="references10">Fruit a samara.</p></td> - <td class="smcap">Ulmus in Ulmace</td> + <td class="smcap">Ulmus in Ulmaceæ</td> <td class="tdr"><a href="#ULMUS">137</a></td> </tr> <tr class="row1"> @@ -1441,12 +1426,12 @@ of doing this work.</p> </tr> <tr class="row2"> <td><p class="references12">Bark smooth; fruit spiny.</p></td> - <td class="smcap">Fagace</td> + <td class="smcap">Fagaceæ</td> <td class="tdr"><a href="#FAGACEAE">92</a></td> </tr> <tr class="row3"> <td><p class="references12">Bark furrowed; fruit a smooth capsule.</p></td> - <td class="smcap">Ericace</td> + <td class="smcap">Ericaceæ</td> <td class="tdr"><a href="#ERICACEAE">263</a></td> </tr> <tr class="row1"> @@ -1462,20 +1447,20 @@ of doing this work.</p> <td><p class="references14">Trees mostly with thorns, fruit with remnant of calyx at apex of fruit, normally with more than 1 seed.</p></td> - <td class="smcap">Malace</td> + <td class="smcap">Malaceæ</td> <td class="tdr"><a href="#MALACEAE">171</a></td> </tr> <tr class="row3"> <td><p class="references14">Trees without thorns, fruit with no remnant of calyx at the apex, fruit a 1-seeded edible drupe.</p></td> - <td class="smcap">Amygdalace</td> + <td class="smcap">Amygdalaceæ</td> <td class="tdr"><a href="#AMYGDALACEAE">216</a></td> </tr> <tr class="row2"> <td><p class="references12">Flowers less than 8 mm. (<sup>1</sup>/<sub>3</sub> inch) across, fruit a non-edible drupe.</p></td> - <td class="smcap">Cornace</td> + <td class="smcap">Cornaceæ</td> <td class="tdr"><a href="#CORNACEAE">259</a></td> </tr> <tr class="row1"> @@ -1488,12 +1473,12 @@ of doing this work.</p> </tr> <tr class="row2"> <td><p class="references6">Fruit dry.</p></td> - <td class="smcap">Populus in Salicace</td> + <td class="smcap">Populus in Salicaceæ</td> <td class="tdr"><a href="#POPULUS">45</a></td> </tr> <tr class="row3"> <td><p class="references6">Fruit fleshy.</p></td> - <td class="smcap">Morus in Morace</td> + <td class="smcap">Morus in Moraceæ</td> <td class="tdr"><a href="#MORUS">151</a></td> </tr> <tr class="row1"> @@ -1506,7 +1491,7 @@ of doing this work.</p> </tr> <tr class="row2"> <td><p class="references6">Leaves 3-nerved at the base, fruit a 1-seeded drupe.</p></td> - <td class="smcap">Celtis in Ulmace</td> + <td class="smcap">Celtis in Ulmaceæ</td> <td class="tdr"><a href="#CELTIS">146</a></td> </tr> <tr class="row1"> @@ -1517,12 +1502,12 @@ of doing this work.</p> <tr class="row2"> <td><p class="references8">Bark fissured, not peeling off in flakes, leaves aromatic.</p></td> - <td class="smcap">Altingiace</td> + <td class="smcap">Altingiaceæ</td> <td class="tdr"><a href="#ALTINGIACEAE">166</a></td> </tr> <tr class="row3"> <td><p class="references10">Bark peeling off in flakes, leaves not aromatic.</p></td> - <td class="smcap">Platanace</td> + <td class="smcap">Platanaceæ</td> <td class="tdr"><a href="#PLATANACEAE">168</a></td> </tr> <tr class="row1"> @@ -1531,12 +1516,12 @@ of doing this work.</p> </tr> <tr class="row2"> <td><p class="references6">Fruit dry.</p></td> - <td class="smcap">Tiliace</td> + <td class="smcap">Tiliaceæ</td> <td class="tdr"><a href="#TILIACEAE">255</a></td> </tr> <tr class="row2"> <td><p class="references6">Fruit fleshy.</p></td> - <td class="smcap">Malace</td> + <td class="smcap">Malaceæ</td> <td class="tdr"><a href="#MALACEAE">171</a></td> </tr> </table> @@ -1546,7 +1531,7 @@ of doing this work.</p> <h2><a name="Trees_of_Indiana" id="Trees_of_Indiana"></a> -<a name="PINACEAE" id="PINACEAE"></a><b>PINCEAE.</b> <span class="smcap">The Pine Family.</span></h2> +<a name="PINACEAE" id="PINACEAE"></a><b>PINÀCEAE.</b> <span class="smcap">The Pine Family.</span></h2> <p>Trees and shrubs with a resinous sap, which yields rosin, tar, turpentine @@ -1612,7 +1597,7 @@ distribution of seven of these species has always been very limited.</p> </div> -<p class="caption2nb"><a name="PINUS" id="PINUS"></a><b>1. PNUS.</b> <span class="smcap">The Pines.</span></p> +<p class="caption2nb"><a name="PINUS" id="PINUS"></a><b>1. PÌNUS.</b> <span class="smcap">The Pines.</span></p> <p>Evergreen trees with needle-shaped leaves in bundles of 2-5 or 7; flowers appearing in the spring, the staminate clustered at the base of @@ -1650,7 +1635,7 @@ and Jersey pines are classed as hard pines.</p> </table> </div> -<p><a name="Pinus_Strobus" id="Pinus_Strobus"></a><b>1. Pinus Strbus</b> Linnus. +<p><a name="Pinus_Strobus" id="Pinus_Strobus"></a><b>1. Pinus Stròbus</b> Linnæus. <span class="smcap">White Pine.</span> <a href="#Plate_2">Plate 2.</a> Bark greenish and smooth on young trees, becoming reddish or gray and furrowed on old trees; young twigs scurvy-pubescent, soon smooth @@ -1710,7 +1695,7 @@ of Clark County, it is proposed to drop this reference.</p> <div class="fig_center" style="width: 439px;"> <img src="images/plate_002.png" width="439" height="585" alt="" /> -<p class="fig_caption">PINUS STROBUS Linnus. ( <sup>1</sup>/<sub>2</sub>.) <span class="smcap">White Pine.</span></p> +<p class="fig_caption">PINUS STROBUS Linnæus. (× <sup>1</sup>/<sub>2</sub>.) <span class="smcap">White Pine.</span></p> </div> <p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_22" id="Page_22">[22]</a></span></p> @@ -1729,7 +1714,7 @@ However, Federal and State authorities are trying to stamp out the disease. In Indiana it is a species well worth a trial for forestry purposes, especially in windbreaks where other species are used.</p> -<p><a name="Pinus_Banksiana" id="Pinus_Banksiana"></a><b>2. Pinus Banksina</b> Lambert. +<p><a name="Pinus_Banksiana" id="Pinus_Banksiana"></a><b>2. Pinus Banksiàna</b> Lambert. <span class="smcap">Gray Pine. Jack Pine.</span> <a href="#Plate_3">Plate 3.</a> A small tree 10-15 m. high with reddish-brown bark, broken into short flakes; shoots of season yellow-green, turning reddish-brown, @@ -1752,7 +1737,7 @@ Park.</p> <div class="fig_center" style="width: 444px;"> <img src="images/plate_003.png" width="444" height="592" alt="" /> -<p class="fig_caption">PINUS BANKSIANA Lambert. <span class="smcap">Gray or Jack Pine.</span> ( <sup>1</sup>/<sub>2</sub>.)</p> +<p class="fig_caption">PINUS BANKSIANA Lambert. <span class="smcap">Gray or Jack Pine.</span> (× <sup>1</sup>/<sub>2</sub>.)</p> </div> <p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_24" id="Page_24">[24]</a></span></p> @@ -1761,12 +1746,12 @@ Park.</p> <div class="fig_center" style="width: 440px;"> <img src="images/plate_004.png" width="440" height="591" alt="" /> -<p class="fig_caption">PINUS VIRGINIANA Miller. <span class="smcap">Jersey or Scrub Pine.</span> (<sup>1</sup>/<sub>2</sub>.)</p> +<p class="fig_caption">PINUS VIRGINIANA Miller. <span class="smcap">Jersey or Scrub Pine.</span> (×<sup>1</sup>/<sub>2</sub>.)</p> </div> <p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_25" id="Page_25">[25]</a></span></p> -<p><a name="Pinus_virginiana" id="Pinus_virginiana"></a><b>3. Pinus virginina</b> Miller. +<p><a name="Pinus_virginiana" id="Pinus_virginiana"></a><b>3. Pinus virginiàna</b> Miller. <span class="smcap">Jersey Pine. Scrub Pine.</span> <a href="#Plate_4">Plate 4.</a> Bark dark-brown with rather shallow fissures, the ridges broken, somewhat scaly; shoots green, light brown or purplish with a bloom, @@ -1817,9 +1802,9 @@ State. However, all attempts to grow this species from seedlings at the Forest Reserve have failed.</p> -<p class="caption2nb"><a name="LARIX" id="LARIX"></a><b>2. LRIX.</b> <span class="smcap">The Larches.</span></p> +<p class="caption2nb"><a name="LARIX" id="LARIX"></a><b>2. LÀRIX.</b> <span class="smcap">The Larches.</span></p> -<p><a name="Larix_laricina" id="Larix_laricina"></a><b>Larix laricn</b> (Du Roi) Koch. +<p><a name="Larix_laricina" id="Larix_laricina"></a><b>Larix laricìná</b> (Du Roi) Koch. <span class="smcap">Tamarack.</span> <a href="#Plate_5">Plate 5.</a> Tall spire-like trees, usually 2-3 dm. in diameter, rarely as large as 5 dm. in diameter; bark gray or reddish-brown, scaly; twigs slender, @@ -1862,15 +1847,15 @@ years.</p> <div class="fig_center" style="width: 436px;"> <img src="images/plate_005.png" width="436" height="583" alt="" /> -<p class="fig_caption">LARIX LARICINA (Du Roi) Koch. <span class="smcap">Tamarack.</span> (1.)</p> +<p class="fig_caption">LARIX LARICINA (Du Roi) Koch. <span class="smcap">Tamarack.</span> (×1.)</p> </div> <p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_28" id="Page_28">[28]</a></span></p> -<p class="caption2nb"><a name="TSUGA" id="TSUGA"></a><b>3. TSGA.</b> The <span class="smcap">Hemlocks</span>.</p> +<p class="caption2nb"><a name="TSUGA" id="TSUGA"></a><b>3. TSÙGA.</b> The <span class="smcap">Hemlocks</span>.</p> -<p><a name="Tsuga_canadensis" id="Tsuga_canadensis"></a><b>Tsuga canadnsis</b> (Linnus) Carrire. +<p><a name="Tsuga_canadensis" id="Tsuga_canadensis"></a><b>Tsuga canadénsis</b> (Linnæus) Carrière. <span class="smcap">Hemlock.</span> <a href="#Plate_6">Plate 6.</a> Tall trees, 3-7 dm. in diameter, with reddish-brown or grayish bark, deeply furrowed; shoots very slender and hairy, becoming smooth in a @@ -1919,15 +1904,15 @@ hedge plant, also as a specimen tree in parks, etc.</p> <div class="fig_center" style="width: 440px;"> <img src="images/plate_006.png" width="440" height="583" alt="" /> -<p class="fig_caption">TSUGA CANADENSIS (Linnus) Carrire. <span class="smcap">Hemlock.</span> (<sup>1</sup>/<sub>2</sub>.)</p> +<p class="fig_caption">TSUGA CANADENSIS (Linnæus) Carrière. <span class="smcap">Hemlock.</span> (×<sup>1</sup>/<sub>2</sub>.)</p> </div> <p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_30" id="Page_30">[30]</a></span></p> -<p class="caption2nb"><a name="TAXODIUM" id="TAXODIUM"></a><b>4. TAXDIUM.</b> <span class="smcap">The Bald Cypress.</span></p> +<p class="caption2nb"><a name="TAXODIUM" id="TAXODIUM"></a><b>4. TAXÒDIUM.</b> <span class="smcap">The Bald Cypress.</span></p> -<p><a name="Taxodium_distichum" id="Taxodium_distichum"></a><b>Taxodium dstichum</b> (Linnus) L. C. Richard. +<p><a name="Taxodium_distichum" id="Taxodium_distichum"></a><b>Taxodium dístichum</b> (Linnæus) L. C. Richard. <span class="smcap">Cypress.</span> <a href="#Plate_7">Plate 7.</a> Large tall straight trees, up to 18 dm. in diameter and 45 m. high, usually with a buttressed base which is frequently hollow. In wet @@ -1981,7 +1966,7 @@ can be found.</p> <div class="fig_center" style="width: 442px;"> <img src="images/plate_007.png" width="442" height="587" alt="" /> -<p class="fig_caption">TAXODIUM DISTICHUM (Linnus) L. C. Richard. <span class="smcap">Cypress.</span> ( <sup>1</sup>/<sub>2</sub>.)</p> +<p class="fig_caption">TAXODIUM DISTICHUM (Linnæus) L. C. Richard. <span class="smcap">Cypress.</span> (× <sup>1</sup>/<sub>2</sub>.)</p> </div> <p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_32" id="Page_32">[32]</a></span></p> @@ -1992,10 +1977,10 @@ It is a fast growing tree, adapted to a wet soil, but will succeed in drier situations.</p> -<p class="caption2nb"><a name="THUJA" id="THUJA"></a><b>5. THJA.</b> <span class="smcap">Arbor-Vit.</span></p> +<p class="caption2nb"><a name="THUJA" id="THUJA"></a><b>5. THÙJA.</b> <span class="smcap">Arbor-Vitæ.</span></p> -<p><a name="Thuja_occidentalis" id="Thuja_occidentalis"></a><b>Thuja occidentlis</b> Linnus. -<span class="smcap">Arbor-Vit.</span> <a href="#Plate_8">Plate 8.</a> Small +<p><a name="Thuja_occidentalis" id="Thuja_occidentalis"></a><b>Thuja occidentàlis</b> Linnæus. +<span class="smcap">Arbor-Vitæ.</span> <a href="#Plate_8">Plate 8.</a> Small evergreen trees with a conical crown, bark on old trees reddish-brown or dark gray, shreddy; branchlets compressed, reddish-brown; leaves all closely appressed, in alternate pairs, scale-like, about 3 mm. long on @@ -2024,12 +2009,12 @@ are frequently planted for hedges. The wood is used principally for poles and posts, and is commercially known as white cedar.</p> -<p class="caption2nb"><a name="JUNIPERUS" id="JUNIPERUS"></a><b>6. JUNPERUS.</b> <span class="smcap">The Junipers.</span></p> +<p class="caption2nb"><a name="JUNIPERUS" id="JUNIPERUS"></a><b>6. JUNÍPERUS.</b> <span class="smcap">The Junipers.</span></p> <p>Evergreen shrubs or trees, leaves opposite or whorled, sessile, scale-like or short-linear; fruit berry-like; seeds 1-3.</p> -<p><b>Juniperus virginina</b> Linnus. <span class="smcap">Red Cedar.</span> <a href="#Plate_9">Plate 9.</a> A +<p><b>Juniperus virginiàna</b> Linnæus. <span class="smcap">Red Cedar.</span> <a href="#Plate_9">Plate 9.</a> A small tree, usually 1-2 dm. and rarely up to 5 dm. in diameter; bark shreddy; branches usually more or less ascending which gives the tree a narrow conic appearance; shoots green, soon turning light to reddish-brown @@ -2046,7 +2031,7 @@ a bloom and a very resinous pulp about the seeds which are usually <div class="fig_center" style="width: 443px;"> <img src="images/plate_008.png" width="443" height="587" alt="" /> -<p class="fig_caption">THUJA OCCIDENTALIS Linnus. <span class="smcap">Arbor-Vit.</span> ( <sup>1</sup>/<sub>2</sub>.).</p> +<p class="fig_caption">THUJA OCCIDENTALIS Linnæus. <span class="smcap">Arbor-Vitæ.</span> (× <sup>1</sup>/<sub>2</sub>.).</p> </div> <p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_34" id="Page_34">[34]</a></span></p> @@ -2070,7 +2055,7 @@ furs.</p> <hr class="chap" /> -<h2><a name="SALICACEAE" id="SALICACEAE"></a><b>SALICCEAE.</b><a name="FNanchor_10_10" id="FNanchor_10_10"></a><a href="#Footnote_10_10" class="fnanchor">[10]</a> <span class="smcap">The Willow Family.</span></h2> +<h2><a name="SALICACEAE" id="SALICACEAE"></a><b>SALICÀCEAE.</b><a name="FNanchor_10_10" id="FNanchor_10_10"></a><a href="#Footnote_10_10" class="fnanchor">[10]</a> <span class="smcap">The Willow Family.</span></h2> <p>Trees or shrubs with bitter bark; simple alternate leaves; flowers @@ -2107,13 +2092,13 @@ parentheses:</p> <div class="fig_center" style="width: 444px;"> <img src="images/plate_009.png" width="444" height="586" alt="" /> -<p class="fig_caption">JUNIPERUS VIRGINIANA Linnus. <span class="smcap">Red Cedar.</span> ( <sup>1</sup>/<sub>2</sub>.)</p> +<p class="fig_caption">JUNIPERUS VIRGINIANA Linnæus. <span class="smcap">Red Cedar.</span> (× <sup>1</sup>/<sub>2</sub>.)</p> </div> <p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_36" id="Page_36">[36]</a></span></p> -<p class="caption2nb"><a name="SALIX" id="SALIX"></a><b>1. SLIX.</b> <span class="smcap">The Willows.</span></p> +<p class="caption2nb"><a name="SALIX" id="SALIX"></a><b>1. SÀLIX.</b> <span class="smcap">The Willows.</span></p> <p>Trees or shrubs (occasionally herbaceous) with usually clustered teims, twigs round; leaf-blades lanceolate and long-acuminate or @@ -2198,12 +2183,12 @@ quinine and as a tonic and febrifuge.</p> <div class="fig_center" style="width: 436px;"> <img src="images/plate_010.png" width="436" height="578" alt="" /> -<p class="fig_caption">SALIX NIGRA Marshall. <span class="smcap">Black Willow.</span> ( <sup>1</sup>/<sub>2</sub>.)</p> +<p class="fig_caption">SALIX NIGRA Marshall. <span class="smcap">Black Willow.</span> (× <sup>1</sup>/<sub>2</sub>.)</p> </div> <p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_38" id="Page_38">[38]</a></span></p> -<p><a name="Salix_nigra" id="Salix_nigra"></a><b>1. Salix ngra</b> Marshall. +<p><a name="Salix_nigra" id="Salix_nigra"></a><b>1. Salix nìgra</b> Marshall. <span class="smcap">Willow. Black Willow.</span> <a href="#Plate_10">Plate 10.</a> Shrub or tree 5-20 m. (17-65 feet) high, dark green in mass color; bark of trunk thick, rough, flaky, dark brown to nearly black; twigs @@ -2245,7 +2230,7 @@ the lower reaches of the Mississippi River in making mattresses which protect the levees from washing. In 1912, it was estimated that 150,000 cords were used annually.</p> -<p><a name="Salix_amygdaloides" id="Salix_amygdaloides"></a><b>2. Salix amygdalodes</b> Andersson. +<p><a name="Salix_amygdaloides" id="Salix_amygdaloides"></a><b>2. Salix amygdaloìdes</b> Andersson. <span class="smcap">Willow. Peach-leaved Willow.</span> <a href="#Plate_11">Plate 11.</a> Trees 3-12 m. (10-40 feet) high, yellowish-green in mass color; bark of trunk fissured, dark brown or reddish-brown; twigs @@ -2269,7 +2254,7 @@ fruit; capsules lanceolate, 4-5 mm. (<sup>1</sup>/<sub>6</sub> inch) long; pedic <div class="fig_center" style="width: 439px;"> <img src="images/plate_011.png" width="439" height="584" alt="" /> -<p class="fig_caption">SALIX AMYGDALOIDES Andersson. <span class="smcap">Peach-leaved Willow.</span> ( <sup>1</sup>/<sub>2</sub>.)</p> +<p class="fig_caption">SALIX AMYGDALOIDES Andersson. <span class="smcap">Peach-leaved Willow.</span> (× <sup>1</sup>/<sub>2</sub>.)</p> </div> <p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_40" id="Page_40">[40]</a></span></p> @@ -2286,7 +2271,7 @@ Kosciusko (Deam); Lake (Deam), (Umbach); Laporte (Deam); Marion (Mrs. Chas. C. Deam); Marshall (Deam); Pulaski (Deam); Steuben (Deam); Wells (Deam); White (Deam).</p> -<p><a name="Salix_alba" id="Salix_alba"></a><b>3. Salix lba</b> Linnus. +<p><a name="Salix_alba" id="Salix_alba"></a><b>3. Salix álba</b> Linnæus. <span class="smcap">Willow. White Willow.</span> <a href="#Plate_12">Plate 12.</a> Trees with 1-5 spreading stems, 5-20 m. (17-65 feet) high; bark rough, coarsely ridged, gray to brownish; twigs brittle at base, green or yellowish, @@ -2299,7 +2284,7 @@ margins with about 9-10 teeth per cm. (<sup>2</sup>/<sub>5</sub> inch), usually flowers with the leaves, in April and May; catkins slender, cylindrical, 3-6 cm. (1<sup>1</sup>/<sub>4</sub>-2<sup>1</sup>/<sub>2</sub> inches) long; scales pale yellow; capsules ovoid-conical, 3-5 mm. (<sup>1</sup>/<sub>4</sub> inch) long, almost sessile. The common form usually -is referred to variety <b>vitellina</b> (Linnus) Koch, with orange twigs and +is referred to variety <b>vitellina</b> (Linnæus) Koch, with orange twigs and more glabrate leaves.</p> <p><b>Distribution.</b>—A native of Europe which has been frequently @@ -2309,7 +2294,7 @@ planted and sometimes escapes.</p> Gibson (Schneck); Hamilton (Mrs. Chas. C. Deam); Harrison (Deam); Switzerland (Deam); Warren (Deam); Wells (Deam).</p> -<p><a name="Salix_fragilis" id="Salix_fragilis"></a><b>4. Salix frgilis</b> Linnus. +<p><a name="Salix_fragilis" id="Salix_fragilis"></a><b>4. Salix frágilis</b> Linnæus. <span class="smcap">Willow. Crack Willow.</span> <a href="#Plate_13">Plate 13.</a> Tree very similar to <i>Salix alba</i>; twigs very brittle at the base (hence the name), green to reddish; petioles 7-15 mm. (<sup>1</sup>/<sub>4</sub>-<sup>5</sup>/<sub>8</sub> inch) long, glandular @@ -2327,7 +2312,7 @@ long, on pedicels 0.5-1 mm. (<sup>1</sup>/<sub>16</sub> inch) long.</p> <div class="fig_center" style="width: 440px;"> <img src="images/plate_012.png" width="440" height="586" alt="" /> -<p class="fig_caption">SALIX ALBA Linnus. <span class="smcap">White Willow.</span> ( <sup>1</sup>/<sub>2</sub>.)</p> +<p class="fig_caption">SALIX ALBA Linnæus. <span class="smcap">White Willow.</span> (× <sup>1</sup>/<sub>2</sub>.)</p> </div> <p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_42" id="Page_42">[42]</a></span></p> @@ -2336,7 +2321,7 @@ long, on pedicels 0.5-1 mm. (<sup>1</sup>/<sub>16</sub> inch) long.</p> <div class="fig_center" style="width: 442px;"> <img src="images/plate_013.png" width="442" height="588" alt="" /> -<p class="fig_caption">SALIX FRAGILIS Linnus. <span class="smcap">Crack Willow.</span> ( <sup>1</sup>/<sub>2</sub>.)</p> +<p class="fig_caption">SALIX FRAGILIS Linnæus. <span class="smcap">Crack Willow.</span> (× <sup>1</sup>/<sub>2</sub>.)</p> </div> <p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_43" id="Page_43">[43]</a></span></p> @@ -2352,7 +2337,7 @@ Union (Deam); Wells (Deam).</p> from Europe and extensively grown for the production of charcoal to use in powder making.</p> -<p><a name="Salix_discolor_5" id="Salix_discolor_5"></a><b>5. Salix dscolor</b> Muhlenberg. <span class="smcap">Pussy Willow. Swamp Willow. +<p><a name="Salix_discolor_5" id="Salix_discolor_5"></a><b>5. Salix díscolor</b> Muhlenberg. <span class="smcap">Pussy Willow. Swamp Willow. Glaucous Willow.</span> <a href="#Plate_14">Plate 14.</a> Shrub or small tree, 2-4 or occasionally 7-5 m. (7-15 or 25 feet) high; bark thin, usually smooth, reddish brown; @@ -2384,7 +2369,7 @@ Porter (Deam); Randolph (Deam); Ripley (Deam); Shelby (Mrs. Chas. C. Deam); Sullivan (Deam); Tippecanoe (Deam); Wabash (Deam); Warren (Deam); Wayne (Deam); Wells (Deam); White (Deam).</p> -<p><a name="Salix_discolor_5b" id="Salix_discolor_5b"></a><b>5a. Salix discolor</b> variety <b>ericphala</b> (Michaux) Andersson. +<p><a name="Salix_discolor_5b" id="Salix_discolor_5b"></a><b>5a. Salix discolor</b> variety <b>eriòcéphala</b> (Michaux) Andersson. Differs from the species chiefly in rather densely pubescent twigs and buds; thicker and more lanceolate leaves, usually more or less pubescent beneath; and the sometimes more densely pubescent catkins.</p> @@ -2395,7 +2380,7 @@ beneath; and the sometimes more densely pubescent catkins.</p> <div class="fig_center" style="width: 440px;"> <img src="images/plate_014.png" width="440" height="580" alt="" /> -<p class="fig_caption">SALIX DISCOLOR Muhlenberg. <span class="smcap">Pussy Willow.</span> ( <sup>1</sup>/<sub>2</sub>.)</p> +<p class="fig_caption">SALIX DISCOLOR Muhlenberg. <span class="smcap">Pussy Willow.</span> (× <sup>1</sup>/<sub>2</sub>.)</p> </div> <p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_45" id="Page_45">[45]</a></span></p> @@ -2407,7 +2392,7 @@ Jay (Deam); Knox (Deam); Laporte (Deam); Pulaski (Deam); Sullivan (Deam); Warren (Deam); Wayne (Deam).</p> -<p class="caption2nb"><a name="POPULUS" id="POPULUS"></a><b>2. PPULUS.</b> <span class="smcap">The Poplars.</span></p> +<p class="caption2nb"><a name="POPULUS" id="POPULUS"></a><b>2. PÓPULUS.</b> <span class="smcap">The Poplars.</span></p> <p>Rapidly growing trees; buds usually large, scaly and more or less resinous; leaves alternate, broad, toothed or sometimes lobed; flowers @@ -2462,7 +2447,7 @@ purple.</p> </table> </div> -<p><a name="Populus_alba" id="Populus_alba"></a><b>1. Populus lba</b> Linnus. <span class="smcap">Silver-leaf Poplar.</span> +<p><a name="Populus_alba" id="Populus_alba"></a><b>1. Populus álba</b> Linnæus. <span class="smcap">Silver-leaf Poplar.</span> <a href="#Plate_15">Plate 15.</a> Short-trunked trees with a round top, up to a meter or more in diameter; bark on young trees smooth, greenish-white or gray, becoming furrowed @@ -2487,12 +2472,12 @@ well and has few insect or fungous enemies.</p> <div class="fig_center" style="width: 437px;"> <img src="images/plate_015.png" width="437" height="585" alt="" /> -<p class="fig_caption">POPULUS ALBA Linnus. <span class="smcap">Silver-leaf Poplar.</span> ( <sup>1</sup>/<sub>2</sub>.)</p> +<p class="fig_caption">POPULUS ALBA Linnæus. <span class="smcap">Silver-leaf Poplar.</span> (× <sup>1</sup>/<sub>2</sub>.)</p> </div> <p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_47" id="Page_47">[47]</a></span></p> -<p><a name="Populus_heterophylla" id="Populus_heterophylla"></a><b>2. Populus heterophylla</b> Linnus. <span class="smcap">Swamp Cottonwood. +<p><a name="Populus_heterophylla" id="Populus_heterophylla"></a><b>2. Populus heterophylla</b> Linnæus. <span class="smcap">Swamp Cottonwood. Swamp Poplar.</span> <a href="#Plate_16">Plate 16.</a> Tall trees up to 5-8 dm. in diameter; bark of old trees very thick, broken into long ridges which are separated @@ -2521,7 +2506,7 @@ a white pith. This species in all of its range is closely associated with the common cottonwood, and millmen make no distinction in the price or qualities of the timber.</p> -<p><a name="Populus_deltoides" id="Populus_deltoides"></a><b>3. Populus deltodes</b> Marshall. <span class="smcap">Cottonwood. Carolina Poplar.</span> +<p><a name="Populus_deltoides" id="Populus_deltoides"></a><b>3. Populus deltoìdes</b> Marshall. <span class="smcap">Cottonwood. Carolina Poplar.</span> (<i>Populus balsamifera</i> var. <i>virginiana</i> (Castiglioni) Sargent). <a href="#Plate_17">Plate 17.</a> One of the largest trees of the Indiana forests; bark of very old trees very thick, broken into ridges up to 1 dm. or more in thickness, @@ -2545,7 +2530,7 @@ infrequent in the hill country of southern Indiana.</p> <div class="fig_center" style="width: 434px;"> <img src="images/plate_016.png" width="434" height="579" alt="" /> -<p class="fig_caption">POPULUS HETEROPHYLLA Linnus. <span class="smcap">Swamp Cottonwood.</span> ( <sup>1</sup>/<sub>2</sub>.)</p> +<p class="fig_caption">POPULUS HETEROPHYLLA Linnæus. <span class="smcap">Swamp Cottonwood.</span> (× <sup>1</sup>/<sub>2</sub>.)</p> </div> <p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_49" id="Page_49">[49]</a></span></p> @@ -2554,7 +2539,7 @@ infrequent in the hill country of southern Indiana.</p> <div class="fig_center" style="width: 435px;"> <img src="images/plate_017.png" width="435" height="583" alt="" /> -<p class="fig_caption">POPULUS DELTOIDES Marshall. <span class="smcap">Cottonwood.</span> ( <sup>1</sup>/<sub>2</sub>.)</p> +<p class="fig_caption">POPULUS DELTOIDES Marshall. <span class="smcap">Cottonwood.</span> (× <sup>1</sup>/<sub>2</sub>.)</p> </div> <p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_50" id="Page_50">[50]</a></span></p> @@ -2575,7 +2560,7 @@ timber tree, but the supply has so diminished that large trees have become quite scarce. The thick bark was much used by the boys of the pioneers for whittling out toys, etc.</p> -<p><a name="Populus_grandidentata" id="Populus_grandidentata"></a><b>4. Populus grandidentta</b> Michaux. +<p><a name="Populus_grandidentata" id="Populus_grandidentata"></a><b>4. Populus grandidentàta</b> Michaux. <span class="smcap">Large-toothed Aspen.</span> <a href="#Plate_18">Plate 18.</a> A small or medium-sized tree, 1-4 dm. in diameter; bark smooth, grayish-green or whitish, becoming furrowed and dark brown on @@ -2612,12 +2597,12 @@ It could be most profitably used for excelsior and pulp wood.</p> <div class="fig_center" style="width: 446px;"> <img src="images/plate_018.png" width="446" height="589" alt="" /> -<p class="fig_caption">POPULUS GRANDIDENTATA Michaux. <span class="smcap">Large-toothed Aspen.</span> ( <sup>1</sup>/<sub>2</sub>.)</p> +<p class="fig_caption">POPULUS GRANDIDENTATA Michaux. <span class="smcap">Large-toothed Aspen.</span> (× <sup>1</sup>/<sub>2</sub>.)</p> </div> <p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_52" id="Page_52">[52]</a></span></p> -<p><a name="Populus_tremuloides" id="Populus_tremuloides"></a><b>5. Populus tremulodes</b> Michaux. +<p><a name="Populus_tremuloides" id="Populus_tremuloides"></a><b>5. Populus tremuloìdes</b> Michaux. <span class="smcap">Quaking Aspen.</span> <a href="#Plate_19">Plate 19.</a> A straight narrow tree up to 3 dm. in diameter, usually about 1-5 dm. in diameter; bark usually smooth, greenish-white or gray, on older @@ -2649,7 +2634,7 @@ abundance to be of much economic importance.</p> <hr class="chap" /> -<h2><a name="JUGLANDACEAE" id="JUGLANDACEAE"></a><b>JUGLANDCEAE.</b> <span class="smcap">The Walnut Family.</span></h2> +<h2><a name="JUGLANDACEAE" id="JUGLANDACEAE"></a><b>JUGLANDÀCEAE.</b> <span class="smcap">The Walnut Family.</span></h2> <p>Trees with large, aromatic, odd pinnate leaves; flowers appearing @@ -2674,7 +2659,7 @@ or astringent.</p> </div> -<p class="caption2nb"><a name="JUGLANS" id="JUGLANS"></a><b>1. JGLANS.</b> <span class="smcap">The Walnuts.</span></p> +<p class="caption2nb"><a name="JUGLANS" id="JUGLANS"></a><b>1. JÙGLANS.</b> <span class="smcap">The Walnuts.</span></p> <p>Trees with furrowed bark; pulp surrounding nut continuous, without lines of dehiscence on the surface.</p> @@ -2685,7 +2670,7 @@ lines of dehiscence on the surface.</p> <div class="fig_center" style="width: 444px;"> <img src="images/plate_019.png" width="444" height="586" alt="" /> -<p class="fig_caption">POPULUS TREMULOIDES Michaux. <span class="smcap">Quaking Aspen.</span> ( <sup>1</sup>/<sub>2</sub>.)</p> +<p class="fig_caption">POPULUS TREMULOIDES Michaux. <span class="smcap">Quaking Aspen.</span> (× <sup>1</sup>/<sub>2</sub>.)</p> </div> <p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_54" id="Page_54">[54]</a></span></p> @@ -2707,7 +2692,7 @@ lines of dehiscence on the surface.</p> </table> </div> -<p><a name="Juglans_cinerea" id="Juglans_cinerea"></a><b>1. Juglans cinrea</b> Linnus. <span class="smcap">Butternut.</span> +<p><a name="Juglans_cinerea" id="Juglans_cinerea"></a><b>1. Juglans cinèrea</b> Linnæus. <span class="smcap">Butternut.</span> <a href="#Plate_20">Plate 20.</a> A medium sized tree, usually less than 6 dm. in diameter; leaf-scars with upper margin convex or rarely notched; leaves 3-6 dm. in length; @@ -2748,12 +2733,12 @@ of the root is used in medicine as a hepatic stimulant.</p> <div class="fig_center" style="width: 442px;"> <img src="images/plate_020.png" width="442" height="585" alt="" /> -<p class="fig_caption">JUGLANS CINEREA Linnus. <span class="smcap">Butternut.</span> ( <sup>1</sup>/<sub>2</sub>.)</p> +<p class="fig_caption">JUGLANS CINEREA Linnæus. <span class="smcap">Butternut.</span> (× <sup>1</sup>/<sub>2</sub>.)</p> </div> <p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_56" id="Page_56">[56]</a></span></p> -<p><a name="Juglans_nigra" id="Juglans_nigra"></a><b>2. Juglans ngra</b> Linnus. <span class="smcap">Walnut.</span> +<p><a name="Juglans_nigra" id="Juglans_nigra"></a><b>2. Juglans nìgra</b> Linnæus. <span class="smcap">Walnut.</span> <a href="#Plate_21">Plate 21.</a> One of the largest and most valuable trees of the Indiana forest. Leaf-scars with the upper margin notched; leaves 3-7 dm. long, mature leaves glabrous @@ -2788,13 +2773,13 @@ makes it difficult to transplant, it is recommended that the nuts be stratified in the fall, and the germinated nuts be planted in April or May. The foliage of the walnut is often attacked by the "tent caterpillar" which can be easily destroyed by burning about sun down when -the larv collect in a bunch on or near the trunk of the tree. Since +the larvæ collect in a bunch on or near the trunk of the tree. Since the nut of the walnut is of considerable commercial value, it is recommended that the walnut be planted along fences, about orchards and as one of the species in windbreaks.</p> -<p class="caption2nb"><a name="CARYA" id="CARYA"></a><b>2. CRYA.</b> <span class="smcap">The Hickories.</span></p> +<p class="caption2nb"><a name="CARYA" id="CARYA"></a><b>2. CÀRYA.</b> <span class="smcap">The Hickories.</span></p> <p>Trees with hard, tight or scaly bark; leaflets alternate, odd-pinnate, glandular-dotted beneath; leaflets serrate, usually unequal at the base, @@ -2811,7 +2796,7 @@ the nut into four parts.</p> <div class="fig_center"> <img src="images/plate_021.png" width="438" height="588" alt="" title="" /> -<p class="fig_caption">JUGLANS NIGRA Linnus. <span class="smcap">Black Walnut.</span> ( <sup>1</sup>/<sub>2</sub>.)</p> +<p class="fig_caption">JUGLANS NIGRA Linnæus. <span class="smcap">Black Walnut.</span> (× <sup>1</sup>/<sub>2</sub>.)</p> </div> <p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_58" id="Page_58">[58]</a></span></p> @@ -2915,7 +2900,7 @@ will be discussed.</p> </div> -<p><a name="Carya_illinoensis" id="Carya_illinoensis"></a><b>1. Carya illinonsis</b> (Wangenheim) K. Koch. +<p><a name="Carya_illinoensis" id="Carya_illinoensis"></a><b>1. Carya illinoénsis</b> (Wangenheim) K. Koch. <span class="smcap">Pecan.</span> <a href="#Plate_22">Plate 22.</a> Very tall slender trees up to 15 dm. in diameter; bark tight, sometimes becoming scaly on very old trees, fissured, ridges narrow, ashy-brown @@ -2954,7 +2939,7 @@ river bottoms."</p> <div class="fig_center"> <img src="images/plate_022.png" width="444" height="586" alt="" title="" /> -<p class="fig_caption">CARYA ILLINOENSIS (Wangenheim) K. Koch. <span class="smcap">Pecan.</span> ( <sup>1</sup>/<sub>2</sub>.)<br /> +<p class="fig_caption">CARYA ILLINOENSIS (Wangenheim) K. Koch. <span class="smcap">Pecan.</span> (× <sup>1</sup>/<sub>2</sub>.)<br /> The two nuts to right are from the McCallister hybrid pecan tree.</p> </div> @@ -2991,7 +2976,7 @@ planted about 50 years ago that is about 9 dm. in circumference that frequently sets nuts but they never mature on account of the early frosts.</p> -<p><a name="Carya_cordiformis" id="Carya_cordiformis"></a><b>2. Carya cordifrmis</b> +<p><a name="Carya_cordiformis" id="Carya_cordiformis"></a><b>2. Carya cordifórmis</b> (Wangenheim) K. Koch. <span class="smcap">Pignut Hickory.</span> <a href="#Plate_23">Plate 23.</a> Large tall trees with tight bark, usually a light gray, sometimes darker, fissures shallow and very irregular; twigs at @@ -3018,7 +3003,7 @@ stiffness of shellbark hickory.</p> <div class="fig_center"> <img src="images/plate_023.png" width="445" height="589" alt="" title="" /> <p class="fig_caption">CARYA CORDIFORMIS (Wangenheim) K. Koch. <span class="smcap">Pignut Hickory.</span> -( <sup>1</sup>/<sub>2</sub>.)<br /> +(× <sup>1</sup>/<sub>2</sub>.)<br /> The nuts are from different trees to show variation.</p> </div> @@ -3044,7 +3029,7 @@ in the farmer's woodlot. The rossed bark of this species is preferred by manufacturers of split-bottomed chairs, and is known by them as "yellow-bud" hickory.</p> -<p><a name="Carya_ovata" id="Carya_ovata"></a><b>3. Carya ovta</b> (Miller) K. Koch. +<p><a name="Carya_ovata" id="Carya_ovata"></a><b>3. Carya ovàta</b> (Miller) K. Koch. <span class="smcap">Shellbark Hickory.</span> <a href="#Plate_24">Plate 24.</a> Large and very tall trees; bark of young trees tight, beginning to scale when the trees reach 1-2 dm. in diameter, separating into long thin @@ -3076,7 +3061,7 @@ thin on old trees.</p> <div class="fig_center"> <img src="images/plate_024.png" width="429" height="586" alt="" title="" /> -<p class="fig_caption">CARYA OVATA (Miller) K. Koch. <span class="smcap">Shellbark Hickory.</span> ( <sup>1</sup>/<sub>2</sub>.)<br /> +<p class="fig_caption">CARYA OVATA (Miller) K. Koch. <span class="smcap">Shellbark Hickory.</span> (× <sup>1</sup>/<sub>2</sub>.)<br /> The nuts are from different trees to show variation.</p> </div> @@ -3122,7 +3107,7 @@ sells for $3.00 to $5.00 per bushel, which should encourage land owners to plant it in the open along fences and about the orchard. It should be remembered that hickory will not stand much tramping by stock.</p> -<p><a name="Carya_ovata_3a" id="Carya_ovata_3a"></a><b>3a. Carya ovata</b> variety <b>fraxiniflia</b> Sargent. Trees and Shrubs +<p><a name="Carya_ovata_3a" id="Carya_ovata_3a"></a><b>3a. Carya ovata</b> variety <b>fraxinifòlia</b> Sargent. Trees and Shrubs 2:207:1913. Is described as having leaflets lanceolate to slightly oblanceolate, acuminate, thick and firm in texture, lustrous above, pubescent along the midribs below, the terminal 1.4-1.5 dm. long from @@ -3152,7 +3137,7 @@ by Sargent. The nuts of the specimens from Dekalb County are 2 cm. long. The author has specimens from Wells County that agree with the description.</p> -<p><a name="Carya_laciniosa" id="Carya_laciniosa"></a><b>4. Carya lacinisa</b> (Michaux filius) Loudon. +<p><a name="Carya_laciniosa" id="Carya_laciniosa"></a><b>4. Carya laciniòsa</b> (Michaux filius) Loudon. <span class="smcap">Big Shellbark Hickory.</span> <a href="#Plate_25">Plate 25.</a> Large tall trees with trunks like those of the shellbark hickory; bark of young trees tight, beginning to scale when the @@ -3180,7 +3165,7 @@ uses same as that of the shellbark hickory.</p> <div class="fig_center"> <img src="images/plate_025.png" width="446" height="586" alt="" title="" /> <p class="fig_caption">CARYA LACINIOSA (Michaux filius) Loudon. <span class="smcap">Big Shellbark Hickory.</span> -( <sup>1</sup>/<sub>2</sub>.)<br /> +(× <sup>1</sup>/<sub>2</sub>.)<br /> The nuts are from different trees to show variation.</p> </div> @@ -3202,7 +3187,7 @@ to crack. This objection is easily overcome by wetting the nuts, and drying them by using heat which cracks the shell, making them easy to crack.</p> -<p><a name="Carya_alba_5" id="Carya_alba_5"></a><b>5. Carya lba</b> (Linnus) K. Koch. +<p><a name="Carya_alba_5" id="Carya_alba_5"></a><b>5. Carya álba</b> (Linnæus) K. Koch. <span class="smcap">White Hickory.</span> <a href="#Plate_26">Plate 26.</a> Medium sized tall trees up to 10 dm. in diameter; bark tight, of two types, one light colored, thin and fissured into a network. This form @@ -3232,7 +3217,7 @@ very small, sweet; wood and uses same as shellbark hickory.</p> <div class="fig_center"> <img src="images/plate_026.png" width="444" height="586" alt="" title="" /> -<p class="fig_caption">CARYA ALBA (Linnus) K. Koch. <span class="smcap">White Hickory.</span> ( <sup>1</sup>/<sub>2</sub>.)<br /> +<p class="fig_caption">CARYA ALBA (Linnæus) K. Koch. <span class="smcap">White Hickory.</span> (× <sup>1</sup>/<sub>2</sub>.)<br /> The nuts are from different trees to show variation.</p> </div> @@ -3250,7 +3235,7 @@ County. It is most abundant in the unglaciated area.</p> <p><b>Remarks.</b>—This species is called mockernut by text books, and bull hickory in the vicinity of New Albany.</p> -<p><a name="Carya_alba_5a" id="Carya_alba_5a"></a><b>5a. Carya alba</b> variety <b>subcoricea</b> Sargent. Trees and Shrubs +<p><a name="Carya_alba_5a" id="Carya_alba_5a"></a><b>5a. Carya alba</b> variety <b>subcoriàcea</b> Sargent. Trees and Shrubs 2:207:1913. Only one tree of this variety is known in Indiana and it is located in Posey County on the bank of the cypress swamp about 13 miles southwest of Mt. Vernon. Specimens from this tree were sent to @@ -3265,7 +3250,7 @@ has bought hickory nuts for table use for several years from Posey County and this nut is frequently found in the assortment which shows that this variety is more or less frequent in that section.</p> -<p><a name="Carya_glabra_6" id="Carya_glabra_6"></a><b>6. Carya glbra</b> (Miller) Spach. +<p><a name="Carya_glabra_6" id="Carya_glabra_6"></a><b>6. Carya glàbra</b> (Miller) Spach. <span class="smcap">Black Hickory.</span> <a href="#Plate_27">Plate 27.</a> Very tall medium sized trees, up to 7 dm. in diameter; bark tight, usually dark, fissures shallow on some and quite deep on others; twigs reddish-brown, @@ -3289,7 +3274,7 @@ as that of the shellbark hickory.</p> <div class="fig_center"> <img src="images/plate_027.png" width="446" height="589" alt="" title="" /> -<p class="fig_caption">CARYA GLABRA (Miller) Spach. <span class="smcap">Black Hickory.</span> ( <sup>1</sup>/<sub>2</sub>.)<br /> +<p class="fig_caption">CARYA GLABRA (Miller) Spach. <span class="smcap">Black Hickory.</span> (× <sup>1</sup>/<sub>2</sub>.)<br /> The nuts are from different trees to show variation.</p> </div> @@ -3318,7 +3303,7 @@ of hickory chairs and furniture. Frames of furniture are made from the very young trees, and backs and seats from the bark of old trees, which are cut, stripped of their bark, and often left to rot.</p> -<p><a name="Carya_glabra_6a" id="Carya_glabra_6a"></a><b>6a. Carya glabra</b> variety <b>megacrpa</b> Sargent<a name="FNanchor_24_24" id="FNanchor_24_24"></a><a href="#Footnote_24_24" class="fnanchor">[24]</a>. This variety +<p><a name="Carya_glabra_6a" id="Carya_glabra_6a"></a><b>6a. Carya glabra</b> variety <b>megacárpa</b> Sargent<a name="FNanchor_24_24" id="FNanchor_24_24"></a><a href="#Footnote_24_24" class="fnanchor">[24]</a>. This variety was reported for Indiana by Heimlich.<a name="FNanchor_25_25" id="FNanchor_25_25"></a><a href="#Footnote_25_25" class="fnanchor">[25]</a> His report was based on a specimen collected by the author in Franklin County. It was named by Sargent who has a duplicate specimen. Sargent in his revision of @@ -3327,7 +3312,7 @@ fruit is the character that marks the variety and I do not believe this is sufficient to warrant its separation. I have, therefore, included all Indiana forms under the type.</p> -<p><a name="Carya_ovalis_7" id="Carya_ovalis_7"></a><b>7. Carya ovlis</b> (Wangenheim) Sargent. +<p><a name="Carya_ovalis_7" id="Carya_ovalis_7"></a><b>7. Carya ovàlis</b> (Wangenheim) Sargent. <span class="smcap">Small-fruited Hickory.</span> <a href="#Plate_28">Plate 28.</a> Medium sized tall trees; bark usually tight on the trunk for a distance up to 1.5-3 m., then becoming more or less @@ -3363,7 +3348,7 @@ wood and uses the same as that of the shellbark hickory.</p> <div class="fig_center"> <img src="images/plate_028.png" width="447" height="590" alt="" title="" /> -<p class="fig_caption">CARYA OVALIS (Wangenheim) Sargent. <span class="smcap">Small-fruited Hickory.</span> ( <sup>1</sup>/<sub>2</sub>.)<br /> +<p class="fig_caption">CARYA OVALIS (Wangenheim) Sargent. <span class="smcap">Small-fruited Hickory.</span> (× <sup>1</sup>/<sub>2</sub>.)<br /> The nuts show the species and its varieties.</p> </div> @@ -3406,7 +3391,7 @@ glabrous or rarely slightly pubescent leaves, with usually 7 thin leaflets."</p> <p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_75" id="Page_75">[75]</a></span></p> -<p><a name="Carya_ovalis_7a" id="Carya_ovalis_7a"></a><b>7a. Carya ovalis</b> variety <b>obcordta</b> (Muhlenberg) Sargent. +<p><a name="Carya_ovalis_7a" id="Carya_ovalis_7a"></a><b>7a. Carya ovalis</b> variety <b>obcordàta</b> (Muhlenberg) Sargent. "The fruit varies from subglobose to short-oblong or to slightly obovate, showing a tendency to pass into that of the other varieties of the species. It varies from 2-3 cm. in diameter, and the involucre, @@ -3419,7 +3404,7 @@ above the middle, slightly angled sometimes to below the middle, rounded at the base and rounded and often more or less obcordate at the apex."</p> -<p><a name="Carya_ovalis_7b" id="Carya_ovalis_7b"></a><b>7b. Carya ovalis</b> variety <b>odorta</b> (Marshall) Sargent. "The +<p><a name="Carya_ovalis_7b" id="Carya_ovalis_7b"></a><b>7b. Carya ovalis</b> variety <b>odoràta</b> (Marshall) Sargent. "The name may have been given by Marshall to this variety on account of the strong resinous odor of the inner surface of the fresh involucre of the fruit, which I have not noticed in that of the other forms. The @@ -3430,7 +3415,7 @@ sutures. The nut is rounded or acute at the base with a short point, rounded at the apex, very slightly or not at all ridged, pale colored, from 1.2-1.5 cm. long and wide and from 1-1.2 cm. thick."</p> -<p><a name="Carya_ovalis_7c" id="Carya_ovalis_7c"></a><b>7c. Carya ovalis</b> variety <b>obovlis</b> Sargent. "In the fourth form +<p><a name="Carya_ovalis_7c" id="Carya_ovalis_7c"></a><b>7c. Carya ovalis</b> variety <b>obovàlis</b> Sargent. "In the fourth form the fruit is more or less obovate, about 2.5 cm. long and 2 cm. in diameter, and the involucre varies from 2-4 mm. in thickness. The nut is much compressed, pointed or rounded at the apex, rounded @@ -3438,7 +3423,7 @@ at the base, usually about 2 cm. long, nearly as broad and about 1.5 cm. thick." "The fruit resembles in shape that of <i>Carya glabra</i>, but the involucre is thicker and splits easily to the base or nearly to the base."</p> -<p><a name="Carya_ovalis_7d" id="Carya_ovalis_7d"></a><b>7d. Carya ovalis</b> variety <b>obcordta</b>, <b>f. vestita</b> Sargent. Bot. +<p><a name="Carya_ovalis_7d" id="Carya_ovalis_7d"></a><b>7d. Carya ovalis</b> variety <b>obcordàta</b>, <b>f. vestita</b> Sargent. Bot. Gaz. 66:246:1918. This is a form described from a specimen collected by the author on the border of Dan's Pond in Knox County. It differs from "the variety <i>obcordata</i> in the thick tomentose covering of the @@ -3471,7 +3456,7 @@ for intensive study than this hickory.</p> It is not commonly distinguished from the other hickories, but in Wells County where it is common the boys call it "Ladies' Hickory."</p> -<p><a name="Carya_Buckleyi_8" id="Carya_Buckleyi_8"></a><b>8. Carya Bckleyi</b> variety <b>arkansna</b> +<p><a name="Carya_Buckleyi_8" id="Carya_Buckleyi_8"></a><b>8. Carya Búckleyi</b> variety <b>arkansàna</b> Sargent.<a name="FNanchor_27_27" id="FNanchor_27_27"></a><a href="#Footnote_27_27" class="fnanchor">[27]</a> <a href="#Plate_29">Plate 29.</a> Medium sized trees, bark tight, dark, deeply furrowed; mature twigs @@ -3502,7 +3487,7 @@ from this single tree.</p> <div class="fig_center"> <img src="images/plate_029.png" width="416" height="582" alt="" title="" /> -<p class="fig_caption">CARYA BUCKLEYI var. ARKANSANA Sargent. ( <sup>1</sup>/<sub>2</sub>.)</p> +<p class="fig_caption">CARYA BUCKLEYI var. ARKANSANA Sargent. (× <sup>1</sup>/<sub>2</sub>.)</p> </div> <hr class="chap" /> @@ -3510,7 +3495,7 @@ from this single tree.</p> <p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_78" id="Page_78">[78]</a></span></p> -<p class="caption2nb"><a name="BETULACEAE" id="BETULACEAE"></a><b>BETULCEAE.</b> <span class="smcap">The Birch Family.</span></p> +<p class="caption2nb"><a name="BETULACEAE" id="BETULACEAE"></a><b>BETULÀCEAE.</b> <span class="smcap">The Birch Family.</span></p> <p>Trees or shrubs with simple, petioled, alternate (in pairs on the @@ -3557,9 +3542,9 @@ or terminal aments; fruit a nut or samara.</p> -<p class="caption2nb"><a name="CARPINUS" id="CARPINUS"></a><b>1. CARPNUS.</b> <span class="smcap">The Hornbeam.</span></p> +<p class="caption2nb"><a name="CARPINUS" id="CARPINUS"></a><b>1. CARPÌNUS.</b> <span class="smcap">The Hornbeam.</span></p> -<p><a name="Carpinus_caroliniana" id="Carpinus_caroliniana"></a><b>Carpinus carolinina</b> Walter. +<p><a name="Carpinus_caroliniana" id="Carpinus_caroliniana"></a><b>Carpinus caroliniàna</b> Walter. <span class="smcap">Water Beech. Blue Beech.</span> <a href="#Plate_30">Plate 30.</a> A small tree up to 3 dm. in diameter, usually 1-1.5 dm. in diameter with fluted or ridged trunks; bark smooth, close, gray; twigs @@ -3587,15 +3572,15 @@ removed to give place to more valuable species.</p> <div class="fig_center"> <img src="images/plate_030.png" width="439" height="588" alt="" title="" /> -<p class="fig_caption">CARPINUS CAROLINIANA Walter. <span class="smcap">Water</span> or <span class="smcap">Blue Beech</span>. ( <sup>1</sup>/<sub>2</sub>.)</p> +<p class="fig_caption">CARPINUS CAROLINIANA Walter. <span class="smcap">Water</span> or <span class="smcap">Blue Beech</span>. (× <sup>1</sup>/<sub>2</sub>.)</p> </div> <p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_80" id="Page_80">[80]</a></span></p> -<p class="caption2nb"><a name="OSTRYA" id="OSTRYA"></a><b>2. STRYA.</b> <span class="smcap">The Hop Hornbeam.</span></p> +<p class="caption2nb"><a name="OSTRYA" id="OSTRYA"></a><b>2. ÓSTRYA.</b> <span class="smcap">The Hop Hornbeam.</span></p> -<p><a name="Ostrya_virginiana_1" id="Ostrya_virginiana_1"></a><b>Ostrya virginina</b> (Miller) Willdenow. +<p><a name="Ostrya_virginiana_1" id="Ostrya_virginiana_1"></a><b>Ostrya virginiàna</b> (Miller) Willdenow. <span class="smcap">Ironwood.</span> <a href="#Plate_31">Plate 31.</a> Small trees up to 5 dm.<a name="FNanchor_28_28" id="FNanchor_28_28"></a><a href="#Footnote_28_28" class="fnanchor">[28]</a> in diameter, usually about 1-2 dm. in diameter; bark smooth and light brown on small trees, shreddy on older trees; @@ -3628,7 +3613,7 @@ wooden wedges, etc. Since it grows neither large nor fast, it is usually regarded as a weed tree in the woodland, and should be removed to give place to more valuable species.</p> -<p><a name="Ostrya_virginiana_2" id="Ostrya_virginiana_2"></a><b>Ostrya virginina</b> variety <b>glandulsa</b> Spach. This is the name +<p><a name="Ostrya_virginiana_2" id="Ostrya_virginiana_2"></a><b>Ostrya virginiàna</b> variety <b>glandulòsa</b> Spach. This is the name given to the form which has the twigs, petioles, peduncles and often the midrib and veins of the leaves beneath covered more or less with short erect, reddish, glandular hairs.</p> @@ -3641,13 +3626,13 @@ short erect, reddish, glandular hairs.</p> <div class="fig_center"> <img src="images/plate_031.png" width="441" height="592" alt="" title="" /> -<p class="fig_caption">OSTRYA VIRGINIANA (Miller) K. Koch. <span class="smcap">Ironwood.</span> ( <sup>1</sup>/<sub>2</sub>.)</p> +<p class="fig_caption">OSTRYA VIRGINIANA (Miller) K. Koch. <span class="smcap">Ironwood.</span> (× <sup>1</sup>/<sub>2</sub>.)</p> </div> <p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_82" id="Page_82">[82]</a></span></p> -<p class="caption2nb"><a name="BETULA" id="BETULA"></a><b>3. BTULA.</b> <span class="smcap">The Birches.</span></p> +<p class="caption2nb"><a name="BETULA" id="BETULA"></a><b>3. BÉTULA.</b> <span class="smcap">The Birches.</span></p> <p>Trees and shrubs with bark tight, scaly or separating into very thin plates and peeling off transversely, whitish or dark colored; staminate @@ -3696,7 +3681,7 @@ stigmas.</p> </table> </div> -<p><a name="Betula_lutea" id="Betula_lutea"></a><b>1. Betula ltea</b> Michaux filius. +<p><a name="Betula_lutea" id="Betula_lutea"></a><b>1. Betula lùtea</b> Michaux filius. <span class="smcap">Birch. Yellow Birch.</span> <a href="#Plate_32">Plate 32.</a> Medium size trees; bark of small trees and of the branches of old trees smooth, silver or dark gray, freely peeling off in thin strips, becoming @@ -3735,7 +3720,7 @@ as wide as the nut and usually with a fringe of hairs at the blunt apex.</p> <div class="fig_center"> <img src="images/plate_032.png" width="441" height="588" alt="" title="" /> -<p class="fig_caption">BETULA LUTEA Michaux filius. <span class="smcap">Yellow Birch</span>. ( <sup>1</sup>/<sub>2</sub>.)</p> +<p class="fig_caption">BETULA LUTEA Michaux filius. <span class="smcap">Yellow Birch</span>. (× <sup>1</sup>/<sub>2</sub>.)</p> </div> <p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_84" id="Page_84">[84]</a></span></p> @@ -3788,7 +3773,7 @@ the immediate vicinity are found only <i>Betula lutea</i> and <i>Betula pumila</ <i>Betula papyrifera</i> is found about a mile distant to the south. It is assumed that this form is a cross between <i>Betula lutea</i> and <i>Betula pumila</i>.</p> -<p><a name="Betula_populifolia" id="Betula_populifolia"></a><b>2. Betula populiflia</b> Marshall. +<p><a name="Betula_populifolia" id="Betula_populifolia"></a><b>2. Betula populifòlia</b> Marshall. <span class="smcap">Gray or White Birch.</span> <a href="#Plate_33">Plate 33.</a> A small tree; bark a chalky-white, not separating into thin layers, inner bark orange, on the trunks of old trees nearly black; shoots at @@ -3825,7 +3810,7 @@ largest tree seen in Indiana was about 2 dm. in diameter and 13 m. high.</p> <div class="fig_center"> <img src="images/plate_033.png" width="439" height="583" alt="" title="" /> -<p class="fig_caption">BETULA POPULIFOLIA Marshall. <span class="smcap">White</span> or <span class="smcap">Gray Birch</span>. ( <sup>1</sup>/<sub>2</sub>.)</p> +<p class="fig_caption">BETULA POPULIFOLIA Marshall. <span class="smcap">White</span> or <span class="smcap">Gray Birch</span>. (× <sup>1</sup>/<sub>2</sub>.)</p> </div> <p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_87" id="Page_87">[87]</a></span></p> @@ -3834,12 +3819,12 @@ largest tree seen in Indiana was about 2 dm. in diameter and 13 m. high.</p> <div class="fig_center"> <img src="images/plate_034.png" width="441" height="592" alt="" title="" /> -<p class="fig_caption">BETULA PAPYRIFERA Marshall. <span class="smcap">Paper</span> or <span class="smcap">Canoe Birch</span>. ( <sup>1</sup>/<sub>2</sub>.)</p> +<p class="fig_caption">BETULA PAPYRIFERA Marshall. <span class="smcap">Paper</span> or <span class="smcap">Canoe Birch</span>. (× <sup>1</sup>/<sub>2</sub>.)</p> </div> <p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_88" id="Page_88">[88]</a></span></p> -<p><a name="Betula_papyrifera" id="Betula_papyrifera"></a><b>3. Betula papyrfera</b> Marshall. +<p><a name="Betula_papyrifera" id="Betula_papyrifera"></a><b>3. Betula papyrífera</b> Marshall. <span class="smcap">Paper or Canoe Birch.</span> <a href="#Plate_34">Plate 34.</a> Rather a small tree; bark thin, creamy white; chalky, dark near the base on old trees, separating in thin papery layers; shoots green, glandular @@ -3866,7 +3851,7 @@ northern form finding its southern limit near Lake Michigan.</p> white, paper and canoe birch. I have not seen specimens more than 2 dm. in diameter in Indiana.</p> -<p><a name="Betula_nigra" id="Betula_nigra"></a><b>4. Betula ngra</b> Linnus. <span class="smcap">Black or Red Birch.</span> +<p><a name="Betula_nigra" id="Betula_nigra"></a><b>4. Betula nìgra</b> Linnæus. <span class="smcap">Black or Red Birch.</span> <a href="#Plate_35">Plate 35.</a> A medium sized tree; bark on young trees peeling off transversely in thin reddish-brown strips which roll back and usually persist for several @@ -3904,7 +3889,7 @@ tree, associated with pin oak and sweet gum.</p> <div class="fig_center"> <img src="images/plate_035.png" width="439" height="582" alt="" title="" /> -<p class="fig_caption">BETULA NIGRA Linnus. <span class="smcap">Black or Red Birch.</span> ( <sup>1</sup>/<sub>2</sub>.)</p> +<p class="fig_caption">BETULA NIGRA Linnæus. <span class="smcap">Black or Red Birch.</span> (× <sup>1</sup>/<sub>2</sub>.)</p> </div> <p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_90" id="Page_90">[90]</a></span></p> @@ -3921,7 +3906,7 @@ or less for ornamental planting. They are beautiful trees but are short lived.</p> -<p class="caption2nb"><a name="ALNUS" id="ALNUS"></a><b>4. LNUS.</b> <span class="smcap">The Alders.</span></p> +<p class="caption2nb"><a name="ALNUS" id="ALNUS"></a><b>4. ÁLNUS.</b> <span class="smcap">The Alders.</span></p> <p>Trees or shrubs; bark astringent; staminate and pistillate catkins begin to develop early in summer and flower the following year early in @@ -3944,7 +3929,7 @@ reddish-brown.</p> </table> </div> -<p><a name="Alnus_incana" id="Alnus_incana"></a><b>1. Alnus incna</b> (Linnus) Muenchhausen. <span class="smcap">Speckled Alder.</span> +<p><a name="Alnus_incana" id="Alnus_incana"></a><b>1. Alnus incàna</b> (Linnæus) Muenchhausen. <span class="smcap">Speckled Alder.</span> Plate 36. Shrubs or small trees; bark generally smooth and a reddish-brown with a tinge of gray, with grayish dots, hence its name; twigs hairy at first, becoming smooth by the end of the season and a @@ -3963,7 +3948,7 @@ near the ends of the branches, usually in clusters of 2-7.</p> <div class="fig_center"> <img src="images/plate_036.png" width="443" height="586" alt="" title="" /> -<p class="fig_caption">ALNUS INCANA (Linnus) Muenchhausen. <span class="smcap">Speckled Alder.</span> ( <sup>1</sup>/<sub>2</sub>.)</p> +<p class="fig_caption">ALNUS INCANA (Linnæus) Muenchhausen. <span class="smcap">Speckled Alder.</span> (× <sup>1</sup>/<sub>2</sub>.)</p> </div> <p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_92" id="Page_92">[92]</a></span></p> @@ -3987,7 +3972,7 @@ diameter and about 10 m. high.</p> planting in low ground. It grows rapidly, is easily transplanted and its foliage is dense and attractive.</p> -<p><a name="Alnus_rugosa" id="Alnus_rugosa"></a><b>2. Alnus rugsa</b> (Du Roi) Sprengel. +<p><a name="Alnus_rugosa" id="Alnus_rugosa"></a><b>2. Alnus rugòsa</b> (Du Roi) Sprengel. <span class="smcap">Smooth Alder.</span> <a href="#Plate_37">Plate 37.</a> Shrubs with fluted or angled trunks, resembling <i>Carpinus</i>; bark thin, smooth or nearly so, reddish-brown, weathering gray; twigs hairy at @@ -4022,7 +4007,7 @@ ground.</p> <div class="fig_center"> <img src="images/plate_037.png" width="437" height="587" alt="" title="" /> -<p class="fig_caption">ALNUS RUGOSA (Du Roi) Sprengel. <span class="smcap">Smooth Alder.</span> ( <sup>1</sup>/<sub>2</sub>.)</p> +<p class="fig_caption">ALNUS RUGOSA (Du Roi) Sprengel. <span class="smcap">Smooth Alder.</span> (× <sup>1</sup>/<sub>2</sub>.)</p> </div> <p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_94" id="Page_94">[94]</a></span></p> @@ -4030,7 +4015,7 @@ ground.</p> <hr class="chap" /> -<h2><a name="FAGACEAE" id="FAGACEAE"></a><b>FAGCEAE.</b> <span class="smcap">The Beech Family.</span></h2> +<h2><a name="FAGACEAE" id="FAGACEAE"></a><b>FAGÀCEAE.</b> <span class="smcap">The Beech Family.</span></h2> <p>Trees with simple, alternate, petioled leaves; flowers of two kinds; @@ -4066,9 +4051,9 @@ occurring in the State.</p> -<p class="caption2nb"><a name="FAGUS" id="FAGUS"></a><b>1. FGUS.</b> <span class="smcap">The Beech.</span></p> +<p class="caption2nb"><a name="FAGUS" id="FAGUS"></a><b>1. FÀGUS.</b> <span class="smcap">The Beech.</span></p> -<p><a name="Fagus_grandifolia" id="Fagus_grandifolia"></a><b>Fagus grandiflia</b> Ehrhart. <span class="smcap">Beech.</span> +<p><a name="Fagus_grandifolia" id="Fagus_grandifolia"></a><b>Fagus grandifòlia</b> Ehrhart. <span class="smcap">Beech.</span> <a href="#Plate_38">Plate 38.</a> Large tall trees with bark from light to dark gray; twigs densely covered at first with long hairs, soon becoming glabrous and turning to a reddish-brown; @@ -4108,7 +4093,7 @@ trees.</p> <div class="fig_center"> <img src="images/plate_038.png" width="442" height="587" alt="" title="" /> -<p class="fig_caption">FAGUS GRANDIFOLIA Ehrhart. <span class="smcap">Beech.</span> ( <sup>1</sup>/<sub>2</sub>.)</p> +<p class="fig_caption">FAGUS GRANDIFOLIA Ehrhart. <span class="smcap">Beech.</span> (× <sup>1</sup>/<sub>2</sub>.)</p> </div> <p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_96" id="Page_96">[96]</a></span></p> @@ -4136,9 +4121,9 @@ from under a living tree, in order to introduce the mycorrhiza that is necessary to the growth of the tree.</p> -<p class="caption2nb"><a name="CASTANEA" id="CASTANEA"></a><b>2. CASTNEA.</b> <span class="smcap">The Chestnut.</span></p> +<p class="caption2nb"><a name="CASTANEA" id="CASTANEA"></a><b>2. CASTÀNEA.</b> <span class="smcap">The Chestnut.</span></p> -<p><a name="Castanea_dentata" id="Castanea_dentata"></a><b>Castanea dentta</b> (Marshall) Borkhausen. +<p><a name="Castanea_dentata" id="Castanea_dentata"></a><b>Castanea dentàta</b> (Marshall) Borkhausen. <span class="smcap">Chestnut.</span> <a href="#Plate_39">Plate 39.</a> Large trees with deeply fissured bark, smooth on young trees; young twigs more or less hairy, soon becoming glabrous and a reddish-brown; @@ -4160,7 +4145,7 @@ durable in contact with the ground.</p> <div class="fig_center"> <img src="images/plate_039.png" width="437" height="585" alt="" title="" /> -<p class="fig_caption">CASTANEA DENTATA (Marshall) Borkhausen. <span class="smcap">Chestnut.</span> ( <sup>1</sup>/<sub>2</sub>.)</p> +<p class="fig_caption">CASTANEA DENTATA (Marshall) Borkhausen. <span class="smcap">Chestnut.</span> (× <sup>1</sup>/<sub>2</sub>.)</p> </div> <p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_98" id="Page_98">[98]</a></span></p> @@ -4206,12 +4191,12 @@ migration. Since a chestnut grove would soon grow into post and pole size, in the event the grove would be killed by the bark disease, the crop could be harvested and the loss would be more of the nature of a disappointment than a financial one. If planted in a cleared area -the seedlings should be spaced about 55 feet if no cultivation can -be done. If the trees can be cultivated, plant 77 or 88 feet and +the seedlings should be spaced about 5×5 feet if no cultivation can +be done. If the trees can be cultivated, plant 7×7 or 8×8 feet and grow corn for one or two years between the rows.</p> -<p class="caption2nb"><a name="QUERCUS" id="QUERCUS"></a><b>3. QURCUS.</b> <span class="smcap">The Oaks.</span></p> +<p class="caption2nb"><a name="QUERCUS" id="QUERCUS"></a><b>3. QUÉRCUS.</b> <span class="smcap">The Oaks.</span></p> <p>The leaves of Indiana oaks are deciduous; flowers appear in April or May, very small, the staminate on slender pendulous catkins, the @@ -4430,7 +4415,7 @@ beyond the middle, which throws them into the red oak group.</p> </table> </div> -<p><a name="Quercus_alba" id="Quercus_alba"></a><b>1. Quercus lba</b> Linnus. <span class="smcap">White Oak.</span> +<p><a name="Quercus_alba" id="Quercus_alba"></a><b>1. Quercus álba</b> Linnæus. <span class="smcap">White Oak.</span> <a href="#Plate_40">Plate 40.</a> Large trees with gray, fissured bark, flaky on the branches, on the upper part of the trunks of some trees the bark loosens at the fissures and peels @@ -4483,7 +4468,7 @@ largest of our present stand must be spared for that harvest.</p> <div class="fig_center"> <img src="images/plate_040.png" width="437" height="589" alt="" title="" /> -<p class="fig_caption">QUERCUS ALBA Linnus. <span class="smcap">White Oak.</span> ( <sup>1</sup>/<sub>2</sub>.)<br /> +<p class="fig_caption">QUERCUS ALBA Linnæus. <span class="smcap">White Oak.</span> (× <sup>1</sup>/<sub>2</sub>.)<br /> Acorns from different trees to show variation.</p> </div> @@ -4509,7 +4494,7 @@ soil and the small end of the nut is placed down a half inch of earth on the nut is sufficient. Rodents often destroy the nuts, and if this danger is apprehended it is best to poison the rodents or to stratify the seed, or grow seedlings and plant them when they are one year old. In -forestal planting it is suggested that the planting be 44 feet.</p> +forestal planting it is suggested that the planting be 4×4 feet.</p> <p>The white oak is quite variable in the lobing of the leaves, and in size and shape of the fruit, and in the length of its peduncle. The @@ -4519,7 +4504,7 @@ based on this character. The latest is that of Sargent<a name="FNanchor_32_32" i lobes and usually smaller generally sessile fruit," as <b>Quercus alba</b> variety <b>latiloba</b>.</p> -<p><a name="Quercus_alba_M" id="Quercus_alba_M"></a><b>Quercus alba Muhlenbrgii</b> ( <i>Quercus Deami</i> Trelease). This +<p><a name="Quercus_alba_M" id="Quercus_alba_M"></a><b>Quercus alba × Muhlenbérgii</b> (× <i>Quercus Deami</i> Trelease). This rare hybrid was discovered in a woods about 3 miles northwest of Bluffton Indiana by L. A. Williamson and his son E. B. Williamson in 1904.<a name="FNanchor_33_33" id="FNanchor_33_33"></a><a href="#Footnote_33_33" class="fnanchor">[33]</a></p> @@ -4532,7 +4517,7 @@ Gardens succeeded in getting 5 seedlings. The Missouri Gardens failed to get any to germinate. About a gallon of seeds was planted in the Clark County State forest nursery and all failed.</p> -<p><a name="Quercus_bicolor" id="Quercus_bicolor"></a><b>2. Quercus bcolor Willdenow.</b> +<p><a name="Quercus_bicolor" id="Quercus_bicolor"></a><b>2. Quercus bícolor Willdenow.</b> <span class="smcap">Swamp White Oak.</span> <a href="#Plate_41">Plate 41.</a> Large trees; leaves on petioles 5-20 mm. long, 8-18 cm. long, obovate, wedge-shaped or narrowly rounded at base, rounded or pointed at the @@ -4560,7 +4545,7 @@ commonly with Spanish and pin oak.</p> <p><b>Remarks.</b>—Commercially the wood is not distinguished from white oak, and the cut is sold for that species.</p> -<p><a name="Quercus_Muhlenbergii" id="Quercus_Muhlenbergii"></a><b>3. Quercus Muhlenbrgii</b> Engelmann. <span class="smcap">Chinquapin Oak. Sweet +<p><a name="Quercus_Muhlenbergii" id="Quercus_Muhlenbergii"></a><b>3. Quercus Muhlenbérgii</b> Engelmann. <span class="smcap">Chinquapin Oak. Sweet Oak. Yellow Oak. Chestnut Oak.</span> <a href="#Plate_42">Plate 42.</a> Large trees; leaves on petioles 1-3 cm. long, blades very variable in size, shape and leaf @@ -4583,7 +4568,7 @@ all of our oaks.</p> <div class="fig_center"> <img src="images/plate_041.png" width="437" height="587" alt="" title="" /> -<p class="fig_caption">QUERCUS BICOLOR Willdenow. <span class="smcap">Swamp White Oak.</span> ( <sup>1</sup>/<sub>2</sub>.)</p> +<p class="fig_caption">QUERCUS BICOLOR Willdenow. <span class="smcap">Swamp White Oak.</span> (× <sup>1</sup>/<sub>2</sub>.)</p> </div> <p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_106" id="Page_106">[106]</a></span></p> @@ -4592,7 +4577,7 @@ all of our oaks.</p> <div class="fig_center"> <img src="images/plate_042.png" width="445" height="590" alt="" title="" /> -<p class="fig_caption">QUERCUS MUHLENBERGII Engelmann. <span class="smcap">Chinquapin Oak.</span> ( <sup>1</sup>/<sub>2</sub>.)<br /> +<p class="fig_caption">QUERCUS MUHLENBERGII Engelmann. <span class="smcap">Chinquapin Oak.</span> (× <sup>1</sup>/<sub>2</sub>.)<br /> <br /> Detached acorns and leaves from different trees.</p> </div> @@ -4628,7 +4613,7 @@ forms under one name. The distribution of the shallow and deep cup forms is so general that no regional or habitat areas can be assigned to either of them in Indiana.</p> -<p><a name="Quercus_Michauxii" id="Quercus_Michauxii"></a><b>4. Quercus Michaxii</b> Nuttall (<i>Quercus Prinus</i> Sargent). <span class="smcap">Cow +<p><a name="Quercus_Michauxii" id="Quercus_Michauxii"></a><b>4. Quercus Michaúxii</b> Nuttall (<i>Quercus Prinus</i> Sargent). <span class="smcap">Cow Oak. Basket Oak.</span> <a href="#Plate_43">Plate 43.</a> Large trees; leaves on petioles 1-3 cm. long, generally 1-2 dm. long, obovate, narrowed or narrowly rounded @@ -4651,7 +4636,7 @@ sweet.</p> <div class="fig_center"> <img src="images/plate_043.png" width="444" height="585" alt="" title="" /> -<p class="fig_caption">QUERCUS MICHAUXII Nuttall. <span class="smcap">Cow</span> or <span class="smcap">Basket Oak</span>. ( <sup>1</sup>/<sub>2</sub>.)</p> +<p class="fig_caption">QUERCUS MICHAUXII Nuttall. <span class="smcap">Cow</span> or <span class="smcap">Basket Oak</span>. (× <sup>1</sup>/<sub>2</sub>.)</p> </div> <p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_109" id="Page_109">[109]</a></span></p> @@ -4702,7 +4687,7 @@ It is not known how it would adapt itself to high ground, but it is believed this species is worthy a trial as a shade tree. It is apparently hardy in the northern counties.</p> -<p><b>Quercus Badlei</b> Trelease. (<i>Quercus alba Michauxii</i>). This hybrid +<p><b>Quercus Bèadlei</b> Trelease. (<i>Quercus alba × Michauxii</i>). This hybrid between the white and cow oak was found by the writer in 1913 in the White River bottoms 3 miles east of Medora in Jackson County.</p> @@ -4710,7 +4695,7 @@ the White River bottoms 3 miles east of Medora in Jackson County.</p> high. Specimens were distributed under No. 19,037, and the determination was made by William Trelease, our leading authority on oaks.</p> -<p><a name="Quercus_Prinus" id="Quercus_Prinus"></a><b>5. Quercus Prnus</b> Linnus. (<i>Quercus montana</i> Willdenow of some +<p><a name="Quercus_Prinus" id="Quercus_Prinus"></a><b>5. Quercus Prìnus</b> Linnæus. (<i>Quercus montana</i> Willdenow of some recent authors). <span class="smcap">Chestnut Oak.</span> <a href="#Plate_44">Plate 44.</a> Medium to large sized tree; bark dark, tight, deeply fissured, the furrows wide, and the ridges continuous; leaves on petioles 1-3 cm. long, 1-2 dm. long, obovate @@ -4754,7 +4739,7 @@ limestone areas should be referred to <i>Quercus Muhlenbergii</i>.</p> <div class="fig_center"> <img src="images/plate_044.png" width="434" height="589" alt="" title="" /> -<p class="fig_caption">QUERCUS PRINUS Linnus. <span class="smcap">Chestnut Oak.</span> ( <sup>1</sup>/<sub>2</sub>.)<br /> +<p class="fig_caption">QUERCUS PRINUS Linnæus. <span class="smcap">Chestnut Oak.</span> (× <sup>1</sup>/<sub>2</sub>.)<br /> <br /> Acorns and loose leaves from different trees.</p> </div> @@ -4776,7 +4761,7 @@ that this species should be used to reforest the chestnut oak ridges of the State, and possibly it would be one of the best to employ on the slopes of other poor ridges.</p> -<p><a name="Quercus_stellata" id="Quercus_stellata"></a><b>6. Quercus stellta</b> Wangenheim. <span class="smcap">Post Oak.</span> <a href="#Plate_45">Plate 45.</a> Medium +<p><a name="Quercus_stellata" id="Quercus_stellata"></a><b>6. Quercus stellàta</b> Wangenheim. <span class="smcap">Post Oak.</span> <a href="#Plate_45">Plate 45.</a> Medium to large trees; bark resembles that of the white oak except on old trees the fissures are deeper when compared with a white oak of equal size, and the ridges are usually broken into shorter lengths; twigs stout, @@ -4815,7 +4800,7 @@ cup which are sometimes acute; kernel sweet.</p> <div class="fig_center"> <img src="images/plate_045.png" width="438" height="587" alt="" title="" /> -<p class="fig_caption">QUERCUS STELLATA Wangenheim. <span class="smcap">Post Oak.</span> ( <sup>1</sup>/<sub>2</sub>.)<br /> +<p class="fig_caption">QUERCUS STELLATA Wangenheim. <span class="smcap">Post Oak.</span> (× <sup>1</sup>/<sub>2</sub>.)<br /> <br /> Acorns from different trees.</p> </div> @@ -4863,16 +4848,16 @@ on the sand dune area it is called sand bur oak.</p> <div class="fig_center"> <img src="images/plate_046.png" width="445" height="584" alt="" title="" /> -<p class="fig_caption">QUERCUS MACROCARPA Michaux. <span class="smcap">Bur Oak.</span> ( <sup>1</sup>/<sub>2</sub>.)<br /> +<p class="fig_caption">QUERCUS MACROCARPA Michaux. <span class="smcap">Bur Oak.</span> (× <sup>1</sup>/<sub>2</sub>.)<br /> <br /> Acorns from different trees.<br /> <br /> -The right two belong to the variety OLIVFORMIS.</p> +The right two belong to the variety OLIVÆFORMIS.</p> </div> <p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_116" id="Page_116">[116]</a></span></p> -<p><a name="Quercus_macrocarpa_7" id="Quercus_macrocarpa_7"></a><b>7. Quercus macrocrpa</b> Michaux. <span class="smcap">Bur Oak.</span> <a href="#Plate_46">Plate 46.</a> Large +<p><a name="Quercus_macrocarpa_7" id="Quercus_macrocarpa_7"></a><b>7. Quercus macrocàrpa</b> Michaux. <span class="smcap">Bur Oak.</span> <a href="#Plate_46">Plate 46.</a> Large trees; branchlets of young trees generally develop corky wings which are usually absent on mature trees; leaves on petioles 1-2 cm. long, obovate in outline, generally 1-2.5 dm. long, the margins more or less deeply @@ -4912,7 +4897,7 @@ measured that was fourteen feet and nine inches in diameter six feet above the ground. The trunk rises about fifty feet without limbs, and with scarcely a perceptible diminution in size."</p> -<p><a name="Quercus_macrocarpa_7a" id="Quercus_macrocarpa_7a"></a><b>7a. Quercus macrocarpa</b> var. <b>olivfrmis</b> (Michaux filius) +<p><a name="Quercus_macrocarpa_7a" id="Quercus_macrocarpa_7a"></a><b>7a. Quercus macrocarpa</b> var. <b>olivæfórmis</b> (Michaux filius) Gray. This variety is distinguished from the typical form by its shallow cup, and the long oval nut which is often 3 cm. long. The cup is semi-hemispheric, and encloses the nut for about one-half its length.</p> @@ -4923,7 +4908,7 @@ and encloses the nut for about one-half its length.</p> reported from Gibson and Hamilton Counties. No doubt this form has a wider range.</p> -<p><a name="Quercus_lyrata" id="Quercus_lyrata"></a><b>8. Quercus lyrta</b> Walter. <span class="smcap">Overcup Oak.</span> <a href="#Plate_47">Plate 47.</a> Medium +<p><a name="Quercus_lyrata" id="Quercus_lyrata"></a><b>8. Quercus lyràta</b> Walter. <span class="smcap">Overcup Oak.</span> <a href="#Plate_47">Plate 47.</a> Medium sized trees; bark generally intermediate between that of the swamp white and bur oak; leaves on petioles 5-30 mm. long which are generally somewhat reddish toward the base, 10-20 cm. long, obovate or oblong-obovate, @@ -4971,7 +4956,7 @@ area it is usually known as bur oak.</p> <div class="fig_center"> <img src="images/plate_047.png" width="435" height="588" alt="" title="" /> -<p class="fig_caption">QUERCUS LYRATA Walter. <span class="smcap">Overcup Oak.</span> ( <sup>1</sup>/<sub>2</sub>.)<br /> +<p class="fig_caption">QUERCUS LYRATA Walter. <span class="smcap">Overcup Oak.</span> (× <sup>1</sup>/<sub>2</sub>.)<br /> <br /> Acorns from different trees.</p> </div> @@ -4979,7 +4964,7 @@ Acorns from different trees.</p> <p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_119" id="Page_119">[119]</a></span></p> -<p><a name="Quercus_imbricaria" id="Quercus_imbricaria"></a><b>9. Quercus imbricria</b> Michaux. +<p><a name="Quercus_imbricaria" id="Quercus_imbricaria"></a><b>9. Quercus imbricària</b> Michaux. <span class="smcap">Shingle Oak.</span> <a href="#Plate_48">Plate 48.</a> Medium to large sized trees; leaves on petioles generally 0.5-1 cm. long, 7-16 cm. long, elliptic to oblong-lanceolate, narrowed or rounded at the @@ -5032,12 +5017,12 @@ It is also called black oak, peach oak, jack oak and water oak.</p> <div class="fig_center"> <img src="images/plate_048.png" width="446" height="590" alt="" title="" /> -<p class="fig_caption">QUERCUS IMBRICARIA Michaux. <span class="smcap">Shingle Oak.</span> ( <sup>1</sup>/<sub>2</sub>.)</p> +<p class="fig_caption">QUERCUS IMBRICARIA Michaux. <span class="smcap">Shingle Oak.</span> (× <sup>1</sup>/<sub>2</sub>.)</p> </div> <p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_121" id="Page_121">[121]</a></span></p> -<p><a name="Quercus_rubra" id="Quercus_rubra"></a><b>10. Quercus rbra</b> Linnus. [<i>Quercus maxima</i> (Marshall) Ashe +<p><a name="Quercus_rubra" id="Quercus_rubra"></a><b>10. Quercus rùbra</b> Linnæus. [<i>Quercus maxima</i> (Marshall) Ashe of some recent authors]. <span class="smcap">Red Oak.</span> <a href="#Plate_49">Plate 49.</a> Large trees; winter buds ovoid, pointed, reddish, outer scales glabrous, sometimes pubescent on the edges; twigs soon smooth and reddish; leaves on petioles @@ -5088,14 +5073,14 @@ species for reinforcing woodlands, or in general forest planting.</p> <div class="fig_center"> <img src="images/plate_049.png" width="444" height="587" alt="" title="" /> -<p class="fig_caption">QUERCUS RUBRA Linnus. <span class="smcap">Red Oak.</span> ( <sup>1</sup>/<sub>2</sub>.)<br /> +<p class="fig_caption">QUERCUS RUBRA Linnæus. <span class="smcap">Red Oak.</span> (× <sup>1</sup>/<sub>2</sub>.)<br /> <br /> Acorns from different trees.</p> </div> <p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_123" id="Page_123">[123]</a></span></p> -<p><a name="Quercus_palustris" id="Quercus_palustris"></a><b>11. Quercus palstris</b> Du Roi. <span class="smcap">Pin Oak.</span> <a href="#Plate_50">Plate 50.</a> Medium +<p><a name="Quercus_palustris" id="Quercus_palustris"></a><b>11. Quercus palústris</b> Du Roi. <span class="smcap">Pin Oak.</span> <a href="#Plate_50">Plate 50.</a> Medium to large trees with very tight bark, the furrows shallow and generally wide; twigs at first pubescent, soon becoming smooth and reddish-brown; leaves on petioles generally 1-5 cm. long, blades about 7-15 cm. @@ -5143,7 +5128,7 @@ be looked for to ascertain its area of distribution.</p> <div class="fig_center"> <img src="images/plate_050.png" width="445" height="589" alt="" title="" /> -<p class="fig_caption">QUERCUS PALUSTRIS Muenchhausen. ( <sup>1</sup>/<sub>2</sub>.)<br /> +<p class="fig_caption">QUERCUS PALUSTRIS Muenchhausen. (× <sup>1</sup>/<sub>2</sub>.)<br /> <br /> Acorns from different trees. Those on the left the common form, those on the right the rare form.</p> @@ -5155,14 +5140,14 @@ the right the rare form.</p> <div class="fig_center"> <img src="images/plate_051.png" width="435" height="582" alt="" title="" /> -<p class="fig_caption">QUERCUS SCHNECKII Britton. <span class="smcap">Schneck's Oak.</span> ( <sup>1</sup>/<sub>2</sub>.)<br /> +<p class="fig_caption">QUERCUS SCHNECKII Britton. <span class="smcap">Schneck's Oak.</span> (× <sup>1</sup>/<sub>2</sub>.)<br /> <br /> Specimens from type tree.</p> </div> <p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_126" id="Page_126">[126]</a></span></p> -<p><a name="Quercus_Schneckii" id="Quercus_Schneckii"></a><b>12. Quercus Schnckii</b> Britton. +<p><a name="Quercus_Schneckii" id="Quercus_Schneckii"></a><b>12. Quercus Schnéckii</b> Britton. <span class="smcap">Schneck's Oak.</span> <a href="#Plate_51">Plate 51.</a> Large trees; bark somewhat intermediate between pin and red oak; twigs gray by autumn; winter buds large, about 0.5 cm. long, ovoid, @@ -5221,7 +5206,7 @@ that this form was not our common red oak, and when he called Dr. Britton's attention to it, Dr. Britton named it <i>Quercus Schneckii</i> in honor of its discoverer.</p> -<p><a name="Quercus_ellipsoidalis" id="Quercus_ellipsoidalis"></a><b>13. Quercus ellipsoidlis.</b> E. J. Hill. +<p><a name="Quercus_ellipsoidalis" id="Quercus_ellipsoidalis"></a><b>13. Quercus ellipsoidàlis.</b> E. J. Hill. <span class="smcap">Hill's Oak.</span> <a href="#Plate_52">Plate 52.</a> Medium sized trees; inner bark yellowish; twigs pubescent at first, becoming smooth and reddish brown by autumn; leaves on petioles 2-5 @@ -5246,7 +5231,7 @@ in moist sandy places. It closely resembles the pin oak for which it has been mistaken. It also resembles the black and scarlet oaks. We have very little data on the range or distribution of the species in this State.</p> -<p><a name="Quercus_velutina" id="Quercus_velutina"></a> <b>Quercus veltina</b><b>14.</b> Lamarck. <span class="smcap">Black Oak.</span> <a href="#Plate_53">Plate 53.</a> Medium +<p><a name="Quercus_velutina" id="Quercus_velutina"></a> <b>Quercus velùtina</b><b>14.</b> Lamarck. <span class="smcap">Black Oak.</span> <a href="#Plate_53">Plate 53.</a> Medium to large sized trees; inner bark yellow or orange; leaves on petioles 2-8 cm. long, ovate oblong or obovate, very variable in outline and in size, those of young trees and coppice shoots being very large, those of @@ -5272,7 +5257,7 @@ loose above the middle of the cup; kernel bitter.</p> <div class="fig_center"> <img src="images/plate_052.png" width="441" height="590" alt="" title="" /> -<p class="fig_caption">QUERCUS ELLIPSOIDALIS E. J. Hill. <span class="smcap">Hill's Oak.</span> ( <sup>1</sup>/<sub>2</sub>.)<br /> +<p class="fig_caption">QUERCUS ELLIPSOIDALIS E. J. Hill. <span class="smcap">Hill's Oak.</span> (× <sup>1</sup>/<sub>2</sub>.)<br /> <br /> Specimens from type tree.</p> </div> @@ -5283,7 +5268,7 @@ Specimens from type tree.</p> <div class="fig_center"> <img src="images/plate_053.png" width="446" height="587" alt="" title="" /> -<p class="fig_caption">QUERCUS VELUTINA Lamarck. <span class="smcap">Black Oak.</span> ( <sup>1</sup>/<sub>2</sub>.)</p> +<p class="fig_caption">QUERCUS VELUTINA Lamarck. <span class="smcap">Black Oak.</span> (× <sup>1</sup>/<sub>2</sub>.)</p> </div> <p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_130" id="Page_130">[130]</a></span></p> @@ -5341,7 +5326,7 @@ matured, and fallen for some time.</p> oak is also often called yellow oak, it is best to always call this species black oak.</p> -<p><a name="Quercus_coccinea" id="Quercus_coccinea"></a><b>15. Quercus coccnea</b> Muenchhausen. +<p><a name="Quercus_coccinea" id="Quercus_coccinea"></a><b>15. Quercus coccínea</b> Muenchhausen. <span class="smcap">Scarlet Oak.</span> <a href="#Plate_54">Plate 54.</a> Medium sized trees with bark resembling the black oak, inner bark gray or reddish; twigs reddish by autumn; winter buds reddish-brown @@ -5386,7 +5371,7 @@ on the sand ridges of that area.</p> <div class="fig_center"> <img src="images/plate_054.png" width="444" height="586" alt="" title="" /> -<p class="fig_caption">QUERCUS COCCINEA Muenchhausen. <span class="smcap">Scarlet Oak.</span> ( <sup>1</sup>/<sub>2</sub>.)</p> +<p class="fig_caption">QUERCUS COCCINEA Muenchhausen. <span class="smcap">Scarlet Oak.</span> (× <sup>1</sup>/<sub>2</sub>.)</p> </div> <p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_133" id="Page_133">[133]</a></span></p> @@ -5398,7 +5383,7 @@ State it is a frequent to a common tree.</p> <p><b>Remarks.</b>—Wood similar but much inferior to red oak. The cut in this State is marketed as black oak, from which it is rarely separated.</p> -<p><a name="Quercus_falcata" id="Quercus_falcata"></a><b>16. Quercus falcta</b> Michaux. +<p><a name="Quercus_falcata" id="Quercus_falcata"></a><b>16. Quercus falcàta</b> Michaux. <span class="smcap">Spanish Oak.</span> <a href="#Plate_55">Plate 55.</a> Large trees; bark thick, rather deeply fissured, furrows usually narrow, ridges generally broad and broken into short lengths, the outer bark @@ -5454,7 +5439,7 @@ of common names of the trees which he obtained.</p> <div class="fig_center"> <img src="images/plate_055.png" width="443" height="587" alt="" title="" /> -<p class="fig_caption">QUERCUS FALCATA Michaux. <span class="smcap">Spanish Oak.</span> ( <sup>1</sup>/<sub>2</sub>.)</p> +<p class="fig_caption">QUERCUS FALCATA Michaux. <span class="smcap">Spanish Oak.</span> (× <sup>1</sup>/<sub>2</sub>.)</p> </div> <p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_135" id="Page_135">[135]</a></span></p> @@ -5482,7 +5467,7 @@ and <i>Quercus rubra</i> and its varieties. Specimens in the author's collection from Jefferson County were reported by Sargent<a name="FNanchor_44_44" id="FNanchor_44_44"></a><a href="#Footnote_44_44" class="fnanchor">[44]</a> as <i>Quercus rubra</i> var. <i>triloba</i>.</p> -<p><a name="Quercus_marilandica" id="Quercus_marilandica"></a><b>17. Quercus marilndica</b> Muenchhausen. <span class="smcap">Black Jack Oak.</span> +<p><a name="Quercus_marilandica" id="Quercus_marilandica"></a><b>17. Quercus marilándica</b> Muenchhausen. <span class="smcap">Black Jack Oak.</span> Plate 56. Mature trees generally 10-30 cm. in diameter; bark resembles that of a gnarled black oak; twigs generally scurvy-pubescent the first year; leaves on petioles from nearly sessile to 2.5 cm. long, usually less @@ -5508,7 +5493,7 @@ light reddish-brown; kernel bitter.</p> <div class="fig_center"> <img src="images/plate_056.png" width="443" height="586" alt="" title="" /> -<p class="fig_caption">QUERCUS MARILANDICA Muenchhausen. <span class="smcap">Black Jack Oak.</span> ( <sup>1</sup>/<sub>2</sub>.)</p> +<p class="fig_caption">QUERCUS MARILANDICA Muenchhausen. <span class="smcap">Black Jack Oak.</span> (× <sup>1</sup>/<sub>2</sub>.)</p> </div> <p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_137" id="Page_137">[137]</a></span></p> @@ -5534,7 +5519,7 @@ of a few trees each.</p> <hr class="chap" /> -<h2><a name="ULMACEAE" id="ULMACEAE"></a>ULMCEAE. <span class="smcap">The Elm Family.</span></h2> +<h2><a name="ULMACEAE" id="ULMACEAE"></a>ULMÀCEAE. <span class="smcap">The Elm Family.</span></h2> <p>Trees or shrubs with simple, alternate, 2-ranked, petioled leaves; @@ -5557,7 +5542,7 @@ them, stigmas 2.</p> </div> -<p class="caption2nb"><a name="ULMUS" id="ULMUS"></a>1. LMUS. <span class="smcap">The Elms.</span></p> +<p class="caption2nb"><a name="ULMUS" id="ULMUS"></a>1. ÚLMUS. <span class="smcap">The Elms.</span></p> <p>Trees with furrowed bark; leaves short petioled, with lateral veins prominent and parallel, oblique or unequally heart-shaped at the base, @@ -5605,7 +5590,7 @@ surrounded with a wide membranous margin, maturing in the spring.</p> </table> </div> -<p><a name="Ulmus_fulva" id="Ulmus_fulva"></a><b>1. Ulmus flva</b> Michaux. +<p><a name="Ulmus_fulva" id="Ulmus_fulva"></a><b>1. Ulmus fúlva</b> Michaux. <span class="smcap">Slippery Elm.</span> <span class="smcap">Red Elm.</span> <a href="#Plate_57">Plate 57.</a> Fairly large trees with deeply fissured reddish-brown bark without white streaks between the layers of the ridges, twigs very pubescent @@ -5645,12 +5630,12 @@ medicine under the name of slippery elm.</p> <div class="fig_center"> <img src="images/plate_057.png" width="433" height="588" alt="" title="" /> -<p class="fig_caption">ULMUS FULVA Michaux. <span class="smcap">Red or Slippery Elm.</span> ( <sup>1</sup>/<sub>2</sub>.)</p> +<p class="fig_caption">ULMUS FULVA Michaux. <span class="smcap">Red or Slippery Elm.</span> (× <sup>1</sup>/<sub>2</sub>.)</p> </div> <p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_140" id="Page_140">[140]</a></span></p> -<p><a name="Ulmus_americana" id="Ulmus_americana"></a><b>2. Ulmus americna</b> Linnus. +<p><a name="Ulmus_americana" id="Ulmus_americana"></a><b>2. Ulmus americàna</b> Linnæus. <span class="smcap">White Elm.</span> <a href="#Plate_58">Plate 58.</a> Large trees; bark deeply fissured, gray, the ridges showing white streaks between the layers; twigs more or less hairy at first and usually @@ -5702,12 +5687,12 @@ require spraying to keep them under control.</p> <div class="fig_center"> <img src="images/plate_058.png" width="429" height="589" alt="" title="" /> -<p class="fig_caption">ULMUS AMERICANA Linnus. <span class="smcap">White Elm.</span> ( <sup>1</sup>/<sub>2</sub>.)</p> +<p class="fig_caption">ULMUS AMERICANA Linnæus. <span class="smcap">White Elm.</span> (× <sup>1</sup>/<sub>2</sub>.)</p> </div> <p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_142" id="Page_142">[142]</a></span></p> -<p><a name="Ulmus_Thomasi" id="Ulmus_Thomasi"></a><b>3. Ulmus Thomsi</b> Sargent. +<p><a name="Ulmus_Thomasi" id="Ulmus_Thomasi"></a><b>3. Ulmus Thomási</b> Sargent. <span class="smcap">Hickory Elm.</span> <span class="smcap">Rock Elm.</span> <a href="#Plate_59">Plate 59.</a> Large trees; bark deeply fissured and grayish like the bark of the white elm; twigs light brown, generally densely hairy and remaining @@ -5751,7 +5736,7 @@ lack of definite knowledge of its range in our area.</p> <div class="fig_center"> <img src="images/plate_059.png" width="434" height="584" alt="" title="" /> -<p class="fig_caption">ULMUS THOMASI Sargent. <span class="smcap">Hickory or Rock Elm.</span> ( <sup>1</sup>/<sub>2</sub>.)</p> +<p class="fig_caption">ULMUS THOMASI Sargent. <span class="smcap">Hickory or Rock Elm.</span> (× <sup>1</sup>/<sub>2</sub>.)</p> </div> <p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_144" id="Page_144">[144]</a></span></p> @@ -5760,12 +5745,12 @@ lack of definite knowledge of its range in our area.</p> <div class="fig_center"> <img src="images/plate_060.png" width="435" height="585" alt="" title="" /> -<p class="fig_caption">ULMUS ALATA Michaux. <span class="smcap">Winged Elm.</span> ( <sup>1</sup>/<sub>2</sub>.)</p> +<p class="fig_caption">ULMUS ALATA Michaux. <span class="smcap">Winged Elm.</span> (× <sup>1</sup>/<sub>2</sub>.)</p> </div> <p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_145" id="Page_145">[145]</a></span></p> -<p><a name="Ulmus_alata" id="Ulmus_alata"></a><b>4. Ulmus alta</b> Michaux. <span class="smcap">Winged Elm.</span> <a href="#Plate_60">Plate 60.</a> Small +<p><a name="Ulmus_alata" id="Ulmus_alata"></a><b>4. Ulmus alàta</b> Michaux. <span class="smcap">Winged Elm.</span> <a href="#Plate_60">Plate 60.</a> Small to medium sized trees; bark rather closely fissured, grayish or reddish-brown, in appearance like white elm; twigs hairy at first, generally remaining more or less pubescent throughout the season, rarely becoming @@ -5824,7 +5809,7 @@ woods along the Patoka River where this species is known to occur.</p> <p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_146" id="Page_146">[146]</a></span></p> -<p class="caption2nb"><a name="CELTIS" id="CELTIS"></a><b>2. CLTIS.</b> <span class="smcap">The Hackberries.</span></p> +<p class="caption2nb"><a name="CELTIS" id="CELTIS"></a><b>2. CÉLTIS.</b> <span class="smcap">The Hackberries.</span></p> <p>Trees with pith of branchlets chambered; flowers in Indiana species appear before the leaves, the leaves generally with 3 primary veins at the @@ -5895,12 +5880,12 @@ first edition, I regard the present treatment as tentative only.</p> <div class="fig_center"> <img src="images/plate_061.png" width="445" height="592" alt="" title="" /> -<p class="fig_caption">CELTIS OCCIDENTALIS Linnus. <span class="smcap">Hackberry.</span> (x <sup>1</sup>/<sub>2</sub>.)</p> +<p class="fig_caption">CELTIS OCCIDENTALIS Linnæus. <span class="smcap">Hackberry.</span> (x <sup>1</sup>/<sub>2</sub>.)</p> </div> <p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_148" id="Page_148">[148]</a></span></p> -<p><a name="Celtis_occidentalis" id="Celtis_occidentalis"></a><b>1. Celtis occidentlis</b> Linnus. <span class="smcap">Hackberry.</span> <a href="#Plate_61">Plate 61.</a> Medium +<p><a name="Celtis_occidentalis" id="Celtis_occidentalis"></a><b>1. Celtis occidentàlis</b> Linnæus. <span class="smcap">Hackberry.</span> <a href="#Plate_61">Plate 61.</a> Medium to large-sized trees; bark of old trees irregularly furrowed, sometimes some of the surface warty and rough; twigs smooth or pubescent, the fruiting ones generally smooth; leaves of an ovate type on petioles @@ -5952,12 +5937,12 @@ which detract from its appearance.</p> <div class="fig_center"> <img src="images/plate_062.png" width="417" height="584" alt="" title="" /> -<p class="fig_caption">CELTIS PUMILA var. DEAMII Sargent. <span class="smcap">Dwarf Hackberry.</span> ( <sup>1</sup>/<sub>2</sub>.)</p> +<p class="fig_caption">CELTIS PUMILA var. DEAMII Sargent. <span class="smcap">Dwarf Hackberry.</span> (× <sup>1</sup>/<sub>2</sub>.)</p> </div> <p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_150" id="Page_150">[150]</a></span></p> -<p><a name="Celtis_pumila" id="Celtis_pumila"></a><b>2. Celtis pmila</b> (Muhlenberg) Pursh. <span class="smcap">Dwarf Hackberry</span>. +<p><a name="Celtis_pumila" id="Celtis_pumila"></a><b>2. Celtis pùmila</b> (Muhlenberg) Pursh. <span class="smcap">Dwarf Hackberry</span>. Plate 62. Bark thin, smooth and gray on shrub-like forms, warty or deeply fissured on the larger forms; ridges flat and broken, dark gray-brown; twigs at first hairy, becoming smooth or nearly so by autumn; @@ -6005,7 +5990,7 @@ and the type specimen has been photographed to illustrate this species.<span cla The writer is not able to separate the two forms in our area, and believes that all belong either to <i>Celtis pumila</i> or to the new variety.</p> -<p><a name="Celtis_mississippiensis" id="Celtis_mississippiensis"></a><b>3. Celtis mississippinsis</b> Bosc. (<i>Celtis laevigata</i> Willdenow). +<p><a name="Celtis_mississippiensis" id="Celtis_mississippiensis"></a><b>3. Celtis mississippiénsis</b> Bosc. (<i>Celtis laevigata</i> Willdenow). <span class="smcap">Sugarberry. Hackberry.</span> <a href="#Plate_63">Plate 63.</a> Medium sized trees with the bark of the trunk of large trees irregularly covered with wart-like excrescences, rarely somewhat irregularly fissured, bark of the upper @@ -6043,7 +6028,7 @@ fifteen feet tall, and had very narrow entire leaves.</p> <hr class="chap" /> -<h2><a name="MORACEAE" id="MORACEAE"></a><b>MORCEAE.</b> <span class="smcap">The Mulberry Family.</span></h2> +<h2><a name="MORACEAE" id="MORACEAE"></a><b>MORÀCEAE.</b> <span class="smcap">The Mulberry Family.</span></h2> <p>Trees or shrubs with a milky sap; leaves simple, alternate, petioled, @@ -6069,13 +6054,13 @@ fifteen feet tall, and had very narrow entire leaves.</p> <div class="fig_center"> <img src="images/plate_063.png" width="443" height="587" alt="" title="" /> -<p class="fig_caption">CELTIS MISSISSIPPIENSIS Bosc. <span class="smcap">Sugarberry.</span> ( <sup>1</sup>/<sub>2</sub>.)</p> +<p class="fig_caption">CELTIS MISSISSIPPIENSIS Bosc. <span class="smcap">Sugarberry.</span> (× <sup>1</sup>/<sub>2</sub>.)</p> </div> <p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_153" id="Page_153">[153]</a></span></p> -<p class="caption2nb"><a name="MORUS" id="MORUS"></a><b>1. MRUS.</b> <span class="smcap">The Mulberries.</span></p> +<p class="caption2nb"><a name="MORUS" id="MORUS"></a><b>1. MÒRUS.</b> <span class="smcap">The Mulberries.</span></p> <p>Trees with leaves 3-nerved at the base; flowers of two kinds on different branches of the same tree or on different trees; the staminate @@ -6096,7 +6081,7 @@ catkins short; fruit an aggregate of drupes.</p> </table> </div> -<p><a name="Morus_rubra" id="Morus_rubra"></a><b>1. Morus rbra Linnus.</b> <span class="smcap">Red Mulberry.</span> <a href="#Plate_64">Plate 64.</a> Medium +<p><a name="Morus_rubra" id="Morus_rubra"></a><b>1. Morus rùbra Linnæus.</b> <span class="smcap">Red Mulberry.</span> <a href="#Plate_64">Plate 64.</a> Medium sized trees with short trunks and round heads; twigs at first green and puberulent, soon becoming glabrous and later usually turning gray; leaves ovate or somewhat orbicular, frequently 2-3 lobed, average @@ -6135,15 +6120,15 @@ species.<a name="FNanchor_49_49" id="FNanchor_49_49"></a><a href="#Footnote_49_4 <div class="fig_center"> <img src="images/plate_064.png" width="444" height="589" alt="" title="" /> -<p class="fig_caption">MORUS RUBRA Linnus. <span class="smcap">Red Mulberry.</span> ( <sup>1</sup>/<sub>2</sub>.)</p> +<p class="fig_caption">MORUS RUBRA Linnæus. <span class="smcap">Red Mulberry.</span> (× <sup>1</sup>/<sub>2</sub>.)</p> </div> <p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_155" id="Page_155">[155]</a></span></p> -<p class="caption2nb"><a name="MACLURA" id="MACLURA"></a><b>2. MACLRA.</b> <span class="smcap">The Osage Orange.</span></p> +<p class="caption2nb"><a name="MACLURA" id="MACLURA"></a><b>2. MACLÙRA.</b> <span class="smcap">The Osage Orange.</span></p> -<p><a name="Maclura_pomifera" id="Maclura_pomifera"></a><b>Maclura pomfera</b> (Rafinesque) Schneider. <span class="smcap">Hedge. Osage Orange.</span> +<p><a name="Maclura_pomifera" id="Maclura_pomifera"></a><b>Maclura pomífera</b> (Rafinesque) Schneider. <span class="smcap">Hedge. Osage Orange.</span> (<i>Toxylon pomiferum Raf.</i>) <a href="#Plate_65">Plate 65.</a> Trees with brown shreddy bark on old trees; mature twigs greenish gray, zigzag; spines about 10-15 mm. long; leaves ovate to oblong lanceolate, average blades @@ -6177,14 +6162,14 @@ plantations are not yet old enough to measure their success.</p> <div class="fig_center"> <img src="images/plate_065.png" width="418" height="591" alt="" title="" /> -<p class="fig_caption">MACLURA POMIFERA (Rafinesque). Schneider. <span class="smcap">Osage Orange.</span> ( <sup>1</sup>/<sub>2</sub>.)</p> +<p class="fig_caption">MACLURA POMIFERA (Rafinesque). Schneider. <span class="smcap">Osage Orange.</span> (× <sup>1</sup>/<sub>2</sub>.)</p> </div> <hr class="chap" /> <p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_157" id="Page_157">[157]</a></span></p> -<h2><a name="MAGNOLIACEAE" id="MAGNOLIACEAE"></a><b>MAGNOLICEAE.</b> <span class="smcap">The Magnolia Family.</span></h2> +<h2><a name="MAGNOLIACEAE" id="MAGNOLIACEAE"></a><b>MAGNOLIÀCEAE.</b> <span class="smcap">The Magnolia Family.</span></h2> <p>Trees or shrubs with alternate and petioled leaves; flowers large, @@ -6204,9 +6189,9 @@ terminal and solitary with numerous stamens and pistils.</p> </div> -<p class="caption2nb"><a name="MAGNOLIA" id="MAGNOLIA"></a><b>1. MAGNLIA.</b> <span class="smcap">The Magnolias.</span></p> +<p class="caption2nb"><a name="MAGNOLIA" id="MAGNOLIA"></a><b>1. MAGNÒLIA.</b> <span class="smcap">The Magnolias.</span></p> -<p><b>Magnolia acuminta</b> Linnus. <span class="smcap">Cucumber Tree.</span> <a href="#Plate_66">Plate 66.</a> +<p><b>Magnolia acuminàta</b> Linnæus. <span class="smcap">Cucumber Tree.</span> <a href="#Plate_66">Plate 66.</a> Large trees with furrowed bark which is gray and much resembles the tulip tree except the ridges are shallower and closer; twigs downy at first, becoming glabrous or nearly so and a light to a cherry brown by @@ -6247,7 +6232,7 @@ that it occurred in other counties.</p> <div class="fig_center"> <img src="images/plate_066.png" width="445" height="586" alt="" title="" /> -<p class="fig_caption">MAGNOLIA ACUMINATA Linnus. <span class="smcap">Cucumber Tree.</span> ( <sup>1</sup>/<sub>2</sub>.)</p> +<p class="fig_caption">MAGNOLIA ACUMINATA Linnæus. <span class="smcap">Cucumber Tree.</span> (× <sup>1</sup>/<sub>2</sub>.)</p> </div> <p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_159" id="Page_159">[159]</a></span></p> @@ -6262,9 +6247,9 @@ them. However, man after macerating them in whisky can use them for medicine.</p> -<p class="caption2nb"><a name="LIRIODENDRON" id="LIRIODENDRON"></a><b>2. LIRIODNDRON.</b> <span class="smcap">The Tulip Tree.</span></p> +<p class="caption2nb"><a name="LIRIODENDRON" id="LIRIODENDRON"></a><b>2. LIRIODÈNDRON.</b> <span class="smcap">The Tulip Tree.</span></p> -<p><a name="Liriodendron_Tulipifera" id="Liriodendron_Tulipifera"></a><b>Liriodendron Tulipfera</b> Linnus. Tulip. Yellow Poplar. +<p><a name="Liriodendron_Tulipifera" id="Liriodendron_Tulipifera"></a><b>Liriodendron Tulipífera</b> Linnæus. Tulip. Yellow Poplar. Plate 67. Large trees with deeply furrowed grayish bark; twigs glabrous and glaucous at first, becoming reddish-brown by the end of the season, then gray or dark brown; leaves very variable, 4-6 lobed, average blades 5-12 @@ -6309,7 +6294,7 @@ not sought for lumber, but can be used for pulp and excelsior.</p> <div class="fig_center"> <img src="images/plate_067.png" width="445" height="585" alt="" title="" /> -<p class="fig_caption">LIRIODENDRON TULIPIFERA Linnus. <span class="smcap">Tulip or Yellow Poplar.</span> ( <sup>1</sup>/<sub>2</sub>.)</p> +<p class="fig_caption">LIRIODENDRON TULIPIFERA Linnæus. <span class="smcap">Tulip or Yellow Poplar.</span> (× <sup>1</sup>/<sub>2</sub>.)</p> </div> <p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_161" id="Page_161">[161]</a></span></p> @@ -6324,12 +6309,12 @@ could be used for shade tree planting.</p> -<h2><a name="ANONACEAE" id="ANONACEAE"></a><b>ANONCEAE.</b> The Custard Apple Family.</h2> +<h2><a name="ANONACEAE" id="ANONACEAE"></a><b>ANONÀCEAE.</b> The Custard Apple Family.</h2> -<p class="caption2nb"><a name="ASIMINA" id="ASIMINA"></a><b>ASMINA.</b> <span class="smcap">The Pawpaw.</span></p> +<p class="caption2nb"><a name="ASIMINA" id="ASIMINA"></a><b>ASÍMINA.</b> <span class="smcap">The Pawpaw.</span></p> -<p><a name="Asimina_triloba" id="Asimina_triloba"></a><b>Asmina trloba</b> (Linnus) Dunal. +<p><a name="Asimina_triloba" id="Asimina_triloba"></a><b>Asímina tríloba</b> (Linnæus) Dunal. <span class="smcap">Pawpaw.</span> <a href="#Plate_68">Plate 68.</a> Shrubs or small trees; bark smooth except on very old trees when it becomes somewhat furrowed; twigs at first covered with rusty brown @@ -6365,7 +6350,7 @@ diameter."</p> <div class="fig_center"> <img src="images/plate_068.png" width="417" height="585" alt="" title="" /> -<p class="fig_caption">ASIMINA TRILOBA (Linnus) Dunal. <span class="smcap">Pawpaw.</span> ( <sup>1</sup>/<sub>2</sub>.)</p> +<p class="fig_caption">ASIMINA TRILOBA (Linnæus) Dunal. <span class="smcap">Pawpaw.</span> (× <sup>1</sup>/<sub>2</sub>.)</p> </div> <p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_163" id="Page_163">[163]</a></span></p> @@ -6407,12 +6392,12 @@ more attention than it does.</p> <hr class="chap" /> -<h2><a name="LAURACEAE" id="LAURACEAE"></a><b>LAURCEAE.</b> <span class="smcap">The Laurel Family.</span></h2> +<h2><a name="LAURACEAE" id="LAURACEAE"></a><b>LAURÀCEAE.</b> <span class="smcap">The Laurel Family.</span></h2> -<p class="caption2nb"><b>SSSAFRAS.</b> <span class="smcap">The Sassafras.</span></p> +<p class="caption2nb"><b>SÁSSAFRAS.</b> <span class="smcap">The Sassafras.</span></p> -<p><b>Sassafras officinle</b> Nees and Ebermaier. <span class="smcap">Sassafras. Red +<p><b>Sassafras officinàle</b> Nees and Ebermaier. <span class="smcap">Sassafras. Red Sassafras. White Sassafras.</span> <a href="#Plate_69">Plate 69.</a> Small to large trees; bark aromatic, smooth on young trees, reddish-brown and deeply furrowed on old trees, resembling that of black walnut; branchlets yellowish-green, @@ -6440,7 +6425,7 @@ stalk including the pedicel and raceme up to 9 cm. long.</p> <div class="fig_center"> <img src="images/plate_069.png" width="446" height="589" alt="" title="" /> -<p class="fig_caption">SASSAFRAS OFFICINALE Nees and Ebermaier. <span class="smcap">Sassafras.</span> ( <sup>1</sup>/<sub>2</sub>.)</p> +<p class="fig_caption">SASSAFRAS OFFICINALE Nees and Ebermaier. <span class="smcap">Sassafras.</span> (× <sup>1</sup>/<sub>2</sub>.)</p> </div> <p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_165" id="Page_165">[165]</a></span></p> @@ -6528,7 +6513,7 @@ and the old name for sassafras.</p> <div class="fig_center"> <img src="images/plate_070.png" width="442" height="589" alt="" title="" /> -<p class="fig_caption">LIQUIDAMBAR STYRACIFLUA Linnus. <span class="smcap">Sweet or Red Gum.</span> ( <sup>1</sup>/<sub>2</sub>.)</p> +<p class="fig_caption">LIQUIDAMBAR STYRACIFLUA Linnæus. <span class="smcap">Sweet or Red Gum.</span> (× <sup>1</sup>/<sub>2</sub>.)</p> </div> <hr class="chap" /> @@ -6536,10 +6521,10 @@ and the old name for sassafras.</p> <p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_168" id="Page_168">[168]</a></span></p> -<h2><a name="ALTINGIACEAE" id="ALTINGIACEAE"></a><b>ALTINGICEAE.</b> <span class="smcap">Sweet Gum Family.</span></h2> +<h2><a name="ALTINGIACEAE" id="ALTINGIACEAE"></a><b>ALTINGIÀCEAE.</b> <span class="smcap">Sweet Gum Family.</span></h2> -<p><b>Liquidmbar Styracflua</b> Linnus. <span class="smcap">Sweet Gum</span>. <a href="#Plate_70">Plate 70.</a> +<p><b>Liquidámbar Styracíflua</b> Linnæus. <span class="smcap">Sweet Gum</span>. <a href="#Plate_70">Plate 70.</a> Large trees with resinous sap; bark deeply furrowed, grayish; twigs when very young somewhat hairy, soon becoming glabrous, a light reddish-brown by the end of the season, later a gray, usually some or all @@ -6588,7 +6573,7 @@ street planting.</p> <div class="fig_center"> <img src="images/plate_071.png" width="446" height="594" alt="" title="" /> -<p class="fig_caption">PLATANUS OCCIDENTALIS Linnus. <span class="smcap">Sycamore.</span> ( <sup>1</sup>/<sub>2</sub>.)</p> +<p class="fig_caption">PLATANUS OCCIDENTALIS Linnæus. <span class="smcap">Sycamore.</span> (× <sup>1</sup>/<sub>2</sub>.)</p> </div> <hr class="chap" /> @@ -6596,12 +6581,12 @@ street planting.</p> <p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_170" id="Page_170">[170]</a></span></p> -<h2><a name="PLATANACEAE" id="PLATANACEAE"></a><b>PLATANCEAE.</b> <span class="smcap">The Plane Tree Family.</span></h2> +<h2><a name="PLATANACEAE" id="PLATANACEAE"></a><b>PLATANÀCEAE.</b> <span class="smcap">The Plane Tree Family.</span></h2> -<p class="caption2nb"><b>PLTANUS.</b> <span class="smcap">The Plane Tree.</span></p> +<p class="caption2nb"><b>PLÁTANUS.</b> <span class="smcap">The Plane Tree.</span></p> -<p>Platanus occidentlis Linnus. <span class="smcap">Sycamore.</span> <a href="#Plate_71">Plate 71.</a> The +<p>Platanus occidentàlis Linnæus. <span class="smcap">Sycamore.</span> <a href="#Plate_71">Plate 71.</a> The largest tree of the State; bark thin, smooth, on age separating into thin plates and exfoliating, base of the trunks of very old trees somewhat roughened or fissured, gray to grayish-green, splotched with white; @@ -6665,7 +6650,7 @@ deep rooted, grows tall, and does not produce a dense shade.</p> <hr class="chap" /> -<h2><a name="MALACEAE" id="MALACEAE"></a><b>MALCEAE.</b><a name="FNanchor_51_51" id="FNanchor_51_51"></a><a href="#Footnote_51_51" class="fnanchor">[51]</a> <span class="smcap">The Apple Family.</span></h2> +<h2><a name="MALACEAE" id="MALACEAE"></a><b>MALÀCEAE.</b><a name="FNanchor_51_51" id="FNanchor_51_51"></a><a href="#Footnote_51_51" class="fnanchor">[51]</a> <span class="smcap">The Apple Family.</span></h2> <p>The trees of this family that occur in our area have simple, alternate @@ -6691,13 +6676,13 @@ or less fleshy pome.</p> <tr class="row3"> <td><p class="references2">Fruit red, orange, blue-black or yellow, mature carpels bony</p></td> - <td class="vbot tdl"><a href="#CRATAEGUS">3 Cratgus.</a></td> + <td class="vbot tdl"><a href="#CRATAEGUS">3 Cratægus.</a></td> </tr> </table> </div> -<p class="caption2nb"><a name="MALUS" id="MALUS"></a><b>I. MLUS.</b> <span class="smcap">The Apples.</span></p> +<p class="caption2nb"><a name="MALUS" id="MALUS"></a><b>I. MÀLUS.</b> <span class="smcap">The Apples.</span></p> <p><i>Malus angustifolia</i> has been reported from the State, but it is a species of more southern range. Both <i>Malus ioensis</i> and <i>Malus lancifolia</i> @@ -6730,7 +6715,7 @@ may easily be mistaken for this species.</p> <p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_172" id="Page_172">[172]</a></span></p> -<p><a name="Malus_glaucescens" id="Malus_glaucescens"></a><b>1. Malus glaucscens</b> Rehder. <span class="smcap">American Crab Apple</span> (<i>M. +<p><a name="Malus_glaucescens" id="Malus_glaucescens"></a><b>1. Malus glaucéscens</b> Rehder. <span class="smcap">American Crab Apple</span> (<i>M. fragrans</i> Rehder). <a href="#Plate_72">Plate 72.</a> Bark reddish, fissured and scaly; leaves on glandless petioles, petioles usually 2-4 cm. (<sup>3</sup>/<sub>4</sub>-1<sup>1</sup>/<sub>2</sub> inches) long, leaves narrow ovate to almost triangular, those on the lateral branchlets @@ -6782,12 +6767,12 @@ Warren (Deam) 1911; Wayne (Deam) 1919; Wells (E. B. Williamson) <div class="fig_center"> <img src="images/plate_072.png" width="426" height="587" alt="" title="" /> -<p class="fig_caption">MALUS GLAUCESCENS Rehder. <span class="smcap">American Crab Apple</span>. ( <sup>1</sup>/<sub>2</sub>.)</p> +<p class="fig_caption">MALUS GLAUCESCENS Rehder. <span class="smcap">American Crab Apple</span>. (× <sup>1</sup>/<sub>2</sub>.)</p> </div> <p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_174" id="Page_174">[174]</a></span></p> -<p><a name="Malus_lancifolia" id="Malus_lancifolia"></a><b>2. Malus lanciflia</b> Rehder. <span class="smcap">Narrow-leaved Crab Apple.</span> (<i>M. +<p><a name="Malus_lancifolia" id="Malus_lancifolia"></a><b>2. Malus lancifòlia</b> Rehder. <span class="smcap">Narrow-leaved Crab Apple.</span> (<i>M. coronaria</i> of manuals, in part.) <a href="#Plate_73">Plate 73.</a> Leaves ovate, oblong to oblong-lanceolate, 1.5-3 cm. (<sup>1</sup>/<sub>2</sub>-1<sup>1</sup>/<sub>4</sub> inches) wide, 3.5-8 cm. (1<sup>1</sup>/<sub>2</sub>-3 inches) long, acute or shortly acuminate at the apex; rounded or broadly @@ -6808,7 +6793,7 @@ Dubois (Deam) 1919; Fountain (Deam) 1919; Henry (Deam) 1917, Noble (Deam) 1919; Posey (Deam) 1919; Spencer (Deam) 1919; Starke (Deam) 1911; Union (Deam) 1919; Vermillion (Deam) 1911.</p> -<p><a name="Malus_ioensis" id="Malus_ioensis"></a><b>3. Malus ionsis</b> (Wood) Britton. <span class="smcap">Western Crab Apple.</span> <span class="smcap">Iowa +<p><a name="Malus_ioensis" id="Malus_ioensis"></a><b>3. Malus ioénsis</b> (Wood) Britton. <span class="smcap">Western Crab Apple.</span> <span class="smcap">Iowa Crab Apple.</span> <a href="#Plate_74">Plate 74.</a> Leaves oblong to ovate-oblong, 4-10 cm. (1<sup>1</sup>/<sub>2</sub>-4 inches) long, 2-8 cm. (<sup>3</sup>/<sub>4</sub>-3<sup>1</sup>/<sub>4</sub> inches), wide, obtuse or acute at the apex, rounded or broadly cuneate at the base, dentate-crenate or @@ -6840,7 +6825,7 @@ Warren (Deam) 1919; White (Deam) 1916; Whitley (Deam) 1919.</p> <div class="fig_center"> <img src="images/plate_073.png" width="432" height="587" alt="" title="" /> -<p class="fig_caption">MALUS LANCIFOLIA Rehder. <span class="smcap">Narrow-leaved Crab Apple.</span> ( <sup>1</sup>/<sub>2</sub>.)</p> +<p class="fig_caption">MALUS LANCIFOLIA Rehder. <span class="smcap">Narrow-leaved Crab Apple.</span> (× <sup>1</sup>/<sub>2</sub>.)</p> </div> <p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_176" id="Page_176">[176]</a></span></p> @@ -6849,18 +6834,18 @@ Warren (Deam) 1919; White (Deam) 1916; Whitley (Deam) 1919.</p> <div class="fig_center"> <img src="images/plate_074.png" width="442" height="586" alt="" title="" /> -<p class="fig_caption">MALUS IOENSIS (Wood) Britton. <span class="smcap">Western Crab Apple.</span> ( <sup>1</sup>/<sub>2</sub>.)</p> +<p class="fig_caption">MALUS IOENSIS (Wood) Britton. <span class="smcap">Western Crab Apple.</span> (× <sup>1</sup>/<sub>2</sub>.)</p> </div> <p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_177" id="Page_177">[177]</a></span></p> -<p><b>Malus ioensis lancifolia</b> n. hyb. Specimens collected by Deam +<p><b>Malus ioensis × lancifolia</b> n. hyb. Specimens collected by Deam in Grant County in 1907 and Huntington County in 1919 appear to be this cross. It would be strange indeed if such closely related species -as these <i>Malus</i> and many <i>Cratgus</i> would not cross.</p> +as these <i>Malus</i> and many <i>Cratægus</i> would not cross.</p> -<p class="caption2nb"><a name="AMELANCHIER" id="AMELANCHIER"></a><b>2. AMELNCHIER.</b> <span class="smcap">The Service Berries.</span></p> +<p class="caption2nb"><a name="AMELANCHIER" id="AMELANCHIER"></a><b>2. AMELÁNCHIER.</b> <span class="smcap">The Service Berries.</span></p> <div class="center" style="width:95%;"> <table style="width:100%; margin-left:2em;" summary="species_key"> @@ -6870,12 +6855,12 @@ as these <i>Malus</i> and many <i>Cratgus</i> would not cross.</p> </tr> <tr class="row3"> <td><p class="references">Leaves nearly or quite glabrous</p></td> - <td class="vbot tdl"><a href="#Amelanchier_laevis">2 A. lvis.</a></td> + <td class="vbot tdl"><a href="#Amelanchier_laevis">2 A. lævis.</a></td> </tr> </table> </div> -<p><a name="Amelanchier_canadensis" id="Amelanchier_canadensis"></a><b>1. Amelanchier canadnsis</b> (Linnus) Medicus. <span class="smcap">Juneberry.</span> +<p><a name="Amelanchier_canadensis" id="Amelanchier_canadensis"></a><b>1. Amelanchier canadénsis</b> (Linnæus) Medicus. <span class="smcap">Juneberry.</span> <span class="smcap">Service Berry</span>. <a href="#Plate_75">Plate 75.</a> Leaves obovate, ovate, oval or oblong, 4-10 cm. (1<sup>1</sup>/<sub>2</sub>-3 inches) long, 2.5-5 cm. (1-2 inches) wide, cordate at base, acute, or acuminate at apex, sharply and doubly serrate; blades @@ -6900,7 +6885,7 @@ Fountain (L. A. Williamson) 1908; Jackson (Deam) 1911; Jefferson (Deam) 1918; Jennings (Deam); Lagrange (Deam) 1915; Tippecanoe (Dorner) 1900; Warren (Deam) 1911.</p> -<p><a name="Amelanchier_laevis" id="Amelanchier_laevis"></a><b>2. Amelanchier lavis</b> Wiegand. <span class="smcap">Smooth Juneberry.</span> <span class="smcap">Service +<p><a name="Amelanchier_laevis" id="Amelanchier_laevis"></a><b>2. Amelanchier laévis</b> Wiegand. <span class="smcap">Smooth Juneberry.</span> <span class="smcap">Service Berry.</span> (<i>Amelanchier canadensis</i> of Manuals, in part.) <a href="#Plate_76">Plate 76.</a> Leaves ovate-oval to ovate-oblong or sometimes obovate or elliptical, 4-6 cm. (<sup>1</sup>/<sub>2</sub>-2<sup>1</sup>/<sub>4</sub> inches) long, 2.5-4 cm. (1-1<sup>1</sup>/<sub>2</sub> inches) wide, apex @@ -6921,8 +6906,8 @@ fruit, June or July.</p> <div class="fig_center"> <img src="images/plate_075.png" width="441" height="586" alt="" title="" /> -<p class="fig_caption">AMELANCHIER CANADENSIS (Linnus) Medicus. <span class="smcap">June</span> or <span class="smcap">Service -Berry</span>. ( <sup>1</sup>/<sub>2</sub>.)</p> +<p class="fig_caption">AMELANCHIER CANADENSIS (Linnæus) Medicus. <span class="smcap">June</span> or <span class="smcap">Service +Berry</span>. (× <sup>1</sup>/<sub>2</sub>.)</p> </div> <p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_179" id="Page_179">[179]</a></span></p> @@ -6932,7 +6917,7 @@ Berry</span>. ( <sup>1</sup>/<sub>2</sub>.)</p> <div class="fig_center"> <img src="images/plate_076.png" width="438" height="586" alt="" title="" /> <p class="fig_caption">AMELANCHIER LAEVIS Wiegand. <span class="smcap">Smooth Juneberry</span> or <span class="smcap">Service Berry</span>. -( <sup>1</sup>/<sub>2</sub>.)</p> +(× <sup>1</sup>/<sub>2</sub>.)</p> </div> <p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_180" id="Page_180">[180]</a></span></p> @@ -6956,7 +6941,7 @@ racemes ripen at different times and are perhaps two weeks in maturing, thus furnishing food for some time.</p> -<p class="caption2nb"><a name="CRATAEGUS" id="CRATAEGUS"></a><b>3. CRATAGUS.</b> <span class="smcap">Thorn Apples.</span> <span class="smcap">Red Haws.</span></p> +<p class="caption2nb"><a name="CRATAEGUS" id="CRATAEGUS"></a><b>3. CRATAÈGUS.</b> <span class="smcap">Thorn Apples.</span> <span class="smcap">Red Haws.</span></p> <p>Large shrubs or small trees, most at home in a limestone region. This genus has been studied a great deal in this country. Much work is still @@ -6991,7 +6976,7 @@ are likely to produce the best results.</p> <tr class="row1"> <td><p class="references6">Leaves impressed-veined above, dull</p></td> <td></td> - <td class="vbot tdr">II.</td><td class="vbot tdl">Punctat.</td> + <td class="vbot tdr">II.</td><td class="vbot tdl">Punctatæ.</td> </tr> <tr class="row1"> <td><p class="references8">Fruit glabrous; calyx lobes entire.</p></td> @@ -7033,7 +7018,7 @@ are likely to produce the best results.</p> <td><p class="references6">Leaves impressed-veined; nutlets deeply pitted on inner face</p></td> <td></td> - <td class="vbot tdr">III.</td><td class="vbot tdl">Macracanth.</td> + <td class="vbot tdr">III.</td><td class="vbot tdl">Macracanthæ.</td> </tr> <tr class="row1"> <td><p class="references8">Leaves dark green, glabrous and shining above, coriaceous.</p></td> @@ -7067,7 +7052,7 @@ are likely to produce the best results.</p> <td><p class="references12">Calyx glandular margined, fruit more than 8 mm. (<sup>1</sup>/<sub>8</sub> inch) thick; leaves not trilobate</p></td> <td></td> - <td class="vbot tdr">IV.</td><td class="vbot tdl">Rotundifoli</td> + <td class="vbot tdr">IV.</td><td class="vbot tdl">Rotundifoliæ</td> </tr> <tr class="row2"> <td></td> @@ -7108,7 +7093,7 @@ are likely to produce the best results.</p> <td><p class="references6">Leaves yellow-green, often slightly pubescent; fruit soft at maturity</p></td> <td></td> - <td class="vbot tdr">VI.</td><td class="vbot tdl">Tenuifoli.</td> + <td class="vbot tdr">VI.</td><td class="vbot tdl">Tenuifoliæ.</td> </tr> <tr class="row2"> <td><p class="references8">Fruit ellipsoidal, ovoid or pyriform</p></td> @@ -7123,7 +7108,7 @@ are likely to produce the best results.</p> <tr class="row1"> <td><p class="references6">Leaves blue-green, glabrous; fruit hard at maturity</p></td> <td></td> - <td class="vbot tdr">VII.</td><td class="vbot tdl">Pruinos.</td> + <td class="vbot tdr">VII.</td><td class="vbot tdl">Pruinosæ.</td> </tr> <tr class="row2"> <td><p class="references8">Leaves elliptic-ovate</p></td> @@ -7164,7 +7149,7 @@ are likely to produce the best results.</p> <td><p class="references4">b. Leaves 3-10 cm. (1-4 inches) long and wide; calyx lobes usually serrate</p></td> <td></td> - <td class="vbot tdr">VIII.</td><td class="vbot tdl">Coccine.</td> + <td class="vbot tdr">VIII.</td><td class="vbot tdl">Coccineæ.</td> </tr> <tr class="row2"> <td><p class="references10">Mature leaves usually glabrous above; young foliage @@ -7190,11 +7175,11 @@ are likely to produce the best results.</p> <tr class="row1"> <td><p class="references">B. Leaves conspicuously deltoid-cordate</p></td> <td></td> - <td class="vbot tdr">IX.</td><td class="vbot tdl">Cordat.</td> + <td class="vbot tdr">IX.</td><td class="vbot tdl">Cordatæ.</td> </tr> <tr class="row2"> <td></td> - <td class="vbot tdl"><a href="#C_Phaenopyrum">22 C. Phnopyrum.</a></td> + <td class="vbot tdl"><a href="#C_Phaenopyrum">22 C. Phænopyrum.</a></td> <td colspan="2"></td> </tr> </table> @@ -7202,7 +7187,7 @@ are likely to produce the best results.</p> <p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_182" id="Page_182">[182]</a></span></p> -<p><a name="C_Crus-galli" id="C_Crus-galli"></a><b>1. Crataegus Crus-glli</b> Linnus. <span class="smcap">Cock-spur Thorn.</span> <span class="smcap">Newcastle +<p><a name="C_Crus-galli" id="C_Crus-galli"></a><b>1. Crataegus Crus-gálli</b> Linnæus. <span class="smcap">Cock-spur Thorn.</span> <span class="smcap">Newcastle Thorn.</span> <a href="#Plate_77">Plate 77.</a> Bark dark gray, scaly; spines many, strong, straight, 3-18 cm. (1-7 inches) long; leaves obovate to elliptical, 2-10 cm. (<sup>3</sup>/<sub>4</sub>-4 inches) long, 1-4 cm. (<sup>1</sup>/<sub>4</sub>-1<sup>1</sup>/<sub>2</sub> inches) wide, sharply serrate, @@ -7235,7 +7220,7 @@ Chas. C. Deam); Posey (Deam); Owen (Grimes); Randolph (Deam); Scott (Deam); Tippecanoe (Deam); Vermillion (Deam); Vigo (Blatchley); Washington (Deam); Wells (Deam).</p> -<p><a name="C_cuneiformis" id="C_cuneiformis"></a><b>2. Crataegus cuneifrmis</b> (Marshall) Eggleston. (<i>C. pausiaca</i> +<p><a name="C_cuneiformis" id="C_cuneiformis"></a><b>2. Crataegus cuneifórmis</b> (Marshall) Eggleston. (<i>C. pausiaca</i> Ashe). <span class="smcap">Marshall's Thorn.</span> <a href="#Plate_78">Plate 78.</a> Bark dark brown, scaly; spines numerous, 2-18 cm. (<sup>3</sup>/<sub>4</sub>-7 inches) long; leaves oblanceolate-obovate, acute at the apex, cuneate at the base, serrate or doubly serrate @@ -7256,7 +7241,7 @@ Virginia, west to central Illinois.</p> <div class="fig_center"> <img src="images/plate_077.png" width="439" height="589" alt="" title="" /> -<p class="fig_caption">CRATAEGUS CRUS-GALLI Linnus. <span class="smcap">Cock-spur Thorn.</span> ( <sup>1</sup>/<sub>2</sub>.)</p> +<p class="fig_caption">CRATAEGUS CRUS-GALLI Linnæus. <span class="smcap">Cock-spur Thorn.</span> (× <sup>1</sup>/<sub>2</sub>.)</p> </div> <p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_184" id="Page_184">[184]</a></span></p> @@ -7266,7 +7251,7 @@ Virginia, west to central Illinois.</p> <div class="fig_center"> <img src="images/plate_078.png" width="425" height="587" alt="" title="" /> <p class="fig_caption">CRATAEGUS CUNEIFORMIS (Marshall) Eggleston. <span class="smcap">Marshall's Thorn.</span> -( <sup>1</sup>/<sub>2</sub>.)</p> +(× <sup>1</sup>/<sub>2</sub>.)</p> </div> <p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_185" id="Page_185">[185]</a></span></p> @@ -7281,7 +7266,7 @@ Floyd (Deam); Gibson (Schneck), (Deam); Hamilton (Mrs. Chas. C. Deam); Knox (Schneck); Marion (Mrs. Chas. C. Deam); Posey (Deam); Vigo (Blatchley); Wells (Deam).</p> -<p><a name="C_punctata" id="C_punctata"></a><b>3. Crataegus punctta</b> Jacquin. <span class="smcap">Large-fruited Thorn</span>. <span class="smcap">Dotted +<p><a name="C_punctata" id="C_punctata"></a><b>3. Crataegus punctàta</b> Jacquin. <span class="smcap">Large-fruited Thorn</span>. <span class="smcap">Dotted Haw</span>. <a href="#Plate_79">Plate 79.</a> Bark grayish-brown, scaly; leaves light grey, 2-5 cm. (<sup>3</sup>/<sub>4</sub>-4 inches) long, 1-5 cm. (<sup>1</sup>/<sub>4</sub>-2 inches) broad, dull gray-green and markedly impressed-vein above, pubescent, becoming nearly @@ -7307,7 +7292,7 @@ Bartholomew (Deam); Dearborn (Deam); Fulton (Deam); Gibson (Deam); Noble (Deam); Putnam (Grimes); Vermillion (Deam); Vigo (Blatchley); Wayne (Deam); Wells (Deam).</p> -<p><a name="C_Margaretta" id="C_Margaretta"></a><b>4. Crataegus Margartta</b> Ashe. <span class="smcap">Judge Brown's Thorn</span>. <span class="smcap">Mrs. +<p><a name="C_Margaretta" id="C_Margaretta"></a><b>4. Crataegus Margarètta</b> Ashe. <span class="smcap">Judge Brown's Thorn</span>. <span class="smcap">Mrs. Ashe's Thorn</span>. <a href="#Plate_80">Plate 80.</a> Bark dark grayish-brown; spines curved, 2-4 cm. (<sup>3</sup>/<sub>4</sub>-1<sup>1</sup>/<sub>2</sub> inches) long; leaves oblong-obovate or ovate, sometimes broadly so, 2-6 cm. (<sup>3</sup>/<sub>4</sub>-2<sup>1</sup>/<sub>2</sub> inches) long, 2-4 cm. (<sup>3</sup>/<sub>4</sub>-1<sup>1</sup>/<sub>2</sub> inches) @@ -7328,7 +7313,7 @@ inch) thick, flesh yellow, mealy, hard, thick; calyx lobes reflexed, deciduous.< <div class="fig_center"> <img src="images/plate_079.png" width="440" height="592" alt="" title="" /> -<p class="fig_caption">CRATAEGUS PUNCTATA Jacquin. <span class="smcap">Large-fruited Thorn.</span> ( <sup>1</sup>/<sub>2</sub>.)</p> +<p class="fig_caption">CRATAEGUS PUNCTATA Jacquin. <span class="smcap">Large-fruited Thorn.</span> (× <sup>1</sup>/<sub>2</sub>.)</p> </div> <p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_187" id="Page_187">[187]</a></span></p> @@ -7337,8 +7322,8 @@ inch) thick, flesh yellow, mealy, hard, thick; calyx lobes reflexed, deciduous.< <div class="fig_center"> <img src="images/plate_080.png" width="444" height="588" alt="" title="" /> -<p class="fig_caption">CRATGUS MARGARETTA Ashe. <span class="smcap">Judge Brown's Thorn.</span> <span class="smcap">Mrs. Ashe's -Thorn.</span> ( <sup>1</sup>/<sub>2</sub>.)</p> +<p class="fig_caption">CRATÆGUS MARGARETTA Ashe. <span class="smcap">Judge Brown's Thorn.</span> <span class="smcap">Mrs. Ashe's +Thorn.</span> (× <sup>1</sup>/<sub>2</sub>.)</p> </div> <p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_188" id="Page_188">[188]</a></span></p> @@ -7356,7 +7341,7 @@ Blackford (Deam); Cass (Mrs. Ida Jackson); Delaware (Deam); Elkhart (Deam); Noble (Deam); Randolph (Deam); Steuben (Deam); Tipton (Mrs. Chas. C. Deam); Wayne (Deam); Wells (Deam).</p> -<p><a name="C_collina" id="C_collina"></a><b>5. Crataegus collna</b> Chapman. <span class="smcap">Chapman's Hill Thorn.</span> +<p><a name="C_collina" id="C_collina"></a><b>5. Crataegus collìna</b> Chapman. <span class="smcap">Chapman's Hill Thorn.</span> <a href="#Plate_81">Plate 81.</a> Bark dark gray, scaly; spines numerous, about 3-7 cm. (1-2<sup>1</sup>/<sub>2</sub> inches) long; often numerous branched thorns on the trunk 15-20 cm. (6-8 inches) long, brown; leaves obovate to oblanceolate, 2-6 cm. @@ -7379,7 +7364,7 @@ County.</p> <p>A tree sometimes 8 meters (25 feet) high with spreading branches and a broad flat crown.</p> -<p><a name="C_succulenta" id="C_succulenta"></a><b>6. Crataegus succulnta</b> Schrader. <span class="smcap">Long-spined Thorn.</span> +<p><a name="C_succulenta" id="C_succulenta"></a><b>6. Crataegus succulénta</b> Schrader. <span class="smcap">Long-spined Thorn.</span> <a href="#Plate_82">Plate 82.</a> Bark gray; spines numerous, strong, 3-10 cm. (1<sup>1</sup>/<sub>2</sub>-4 inches) long, chestnut-brown; leaves rhombic-ovate to obovate, 3-8 cm. (1<sup>1</sup>/<sub>4</sub>-3<sup>1</sup>/<sub>4</sub> inches) long, 2.5-6 cm. (1-2<sup>1</sup>/<sub>2</sub> inches) wide, acute at the apex, broadly @@ -7400,7 +7385,7 @@ deep pits on the inner faces; calyx-lobes villous, reflexed.</p> <div class="fig_center"> <img src="images/plate_081.png" width="421" height="588" alt="" title="" /> -<p class="fig_caption">CRATGUS COLLINA Chapman. <span class="smcap">Chapman's Hill Thorn.</span> ( <sup>1</sup>/<sub>2</sub>.)</p> +<p class="fig_caption">CRATÆGUS COLLINA Chapman. <span class="smcap">Chapman's Hill Thorn.</span> (× <sup>1</sup>/<sub>2</sub>.)</p> </div> <p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_190" id="Page_190">[190]</a></span></p> @@ -7409,7 +7394,7 @@ deep pits on the inner faces; calyx-lobes villous, reflexed.</p> <div class="fig_center"> <img src="images/plate_082.png" width="444" height="584" alt="" title="" /> -<p class="fig_caption">CRATGUS SUCCULENTA Schrader. <span class="smcap">Long-spined Thorn.</span> ( <sup>1</sup>/<sub>2</sub>.)</p> +<p class="fig_caption">CRATÆGUS SUCCULENTA Schrader. <span class="smcap">Long-spined Thorn.</span> (× <sup>1</sup>/<sub>2</sub>.)</p> </div> <p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_191" id="Page_191">[191]</a></span></p> @@ -7430,7 +7415,7 @@ Cass (Mrs. Ida Jackson); Fulton (Deam); Noble (VanGorder); Putnam because of the abundant flowers, dark green shining leaves and its dark red shining fruit.</p> -<p><a name="C_neo-fluvialis" id="C_neo-fluvialis"></a><b>7. Crataegus neo-fluvilis</b> Ashe. <span class="smcap">New River Thorn</span>. <a href="#Plate_83">Plate 83.</a> +<p><a name="C_neo-fluvialis" id="C_neo-fluvialis"></a><b>7. Crataegus neo-fluviàlis</b> Ashe. <span class="smcap">New River Thorn</span>. <a href="#Plate_83">Plate 83.</a> Bark grayish; spines numerous, 2.5-8 cm. (1-3 inches) long; leaves elliptical-ovate to obovate, 2.5-8 cm. (1-3 inches) long, 2-6 cm. (<sup>3</sup>/<sub>4</sub>-2<sup>1</sup>/<sub>2</sub> inches) wide, acute or obtuse at the apex, cuneate at the base, sharply @@ -7461,7 +7446,7 @@ Shelby (Deam); Wells (Deam).</p> <div class="fig_center"> <img src="images/plate_083.png" width="422" height="589" alt="" title="" /> -<p class="fig_caption">CRATGUS NEO-FLUVIALIS Ashe. <span class="smcap">New Riverthorn.</span> ( <sup>1</sup>/<sub>2</sub>.)</p> +<p class="fig_caption">CRATÆGUS NEO-FLUVIALIS Ashe. <span class="smcap">New Riverthorn.</span> (× <sup>1</sup>/<sub>2</sub>.)</p> </div> <p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_193" id="Page_193">[193]</a></span></p> @@ -7470,12 +7455,12 @@ Shelby (Deam); Wells (Deam).</p> <div class="fig_center"> <img src="images/plate_084.png" width="436" height="587" alt="" title="" /> -<p class="fig_caption">CRATGUS CALPODENDRON (Ehrhart) Medicus. <span class="smcap">Pear-thorn.</span> ( <sup>1</sup>/<sub>2</sub>.)</p> +<p class="fig_caption">CRATÆGUS CALPODENDRON (Ehrhart) Medicus. <span class="smcap">Pear-thorn.</span> (× <sup>1</sup>/<sub>2</sub>.)</p> </div> <p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_194" id="Page_194">[194]</a></span></p> -<p><a name="C_Calpodendron" id="C_Calpodendron"></a><b>8. Crataegus Calpodndron</b> (Ehrhart) Medicus. <span class="smcap">Pear-thorn.</span> +<p><a name="C_Calpodendron" id="C_Calpodendron"></a><b>8. Crataegus Calpodéndron</b> (Ehrhart) Medicus. <span class="smcap">Pear-thorn.</span> <span class="smcap">Pear</span> or <span class="smcap">Red Haw</span>. <a href="#Plate_84">Plate 84.</a> Bark pale gray to dark brown, furrowed; spines occasional, slender 3-5 cm. (1<sup>1</sup>/<sub>4</sub>-2 inches) long; leaves rhombic-ovate, 4-11 cm. (1<sup>1</sup>/<sub>2</sub>-4<sup>1</sup>/<sub>2</sub> inches) long, 3-8 cm. (1<sup>1</sup>/<sub>4</sub>-3 inches) @@ -7503,7 +7488,7 @@ branches forming a broad crown.</p> (Grimes); Tippecanoe (Stanley Coulter); Wells (Deam); White (Deam); Whitley (Deam).</p> -<p><a name="C_chrysocarpa" id="C_chrysocarpa"></a><b>9. Crataegus chrysocrpa</b> Ashe. (<i>Crataegus Dodgei</i> Sargent. +<p><a name="C_chrysocarpa" id="C_chrysocarpa"></a><b>9. Crataegus chrysocárpa</b> Ashe. (<i>Crataegus Dodgei</i> Sargent. <i>Crataegus rotundifolia</i>, Borckhausen.) <span class="smcap">Round-leaved Thorn.</span> <a href="#Plate_85">Plate 85.</a> Bark dark red-brown, scaly; spines numerous, chestnut-brown, curved, 2-5 cm. (1-2 inches) long; leaves ovate-orbicular or obovate, @@ -7532,7 +7517,7 @@ Lagrange (Deam).</p> <div class="fig_center"> <img src="images/plate_085.png" width="443" height="589" alt="" title="" /> -<p class="fig_caption">CRATGUS CHRYSOCARPA Ashe. <span class="smcap">Round-leaved Thorn.</span> ( <sup>1</sup>/<sub>2</sub>.)</p> +<p class="fig_caption">CRATÆGUS CHRYSOCARPA Ashe. <span class="smcap">Round-leaved Thorn.</span> (× <sup>1</sup>/<sub>2</sub>.)</p> </div> <p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_196" id="Page_196">[196]</a></span></p> @@ -7541,12 +7526,12 @@ Lagrange (Deam).</p> <div class="fig_center"> <img src="images/plate_086.png" width="425" height="592" alt="" title="" /> -<p class="fig_caption">CRATGUS VIRIDIS Linnus. <span class="smcap">Southern Thorn.</span> ( <sup>1</sup>/<sub>2</sub>.)</p> +<p class="fig_caption">CRATÆGUS VIRIDIS Linnæus. <span class="smcap">Southern Thorn.</span> (× <sup>1</sup>/<sub>2</sub>.)</p> </div> <p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_197" id="Page_197">[197]</a></span></p> -<p><a name="C_viridis" id="C_viridis"></a><b>10. Crataegus vridis</b> Linnus. <span class="smcap">Southern Thorn</span>. <a href="#Plate_86">Plate 86.</a> +<p><a name="C_viridis" id="C_viridis"></a><b>10. Crataegus víridis</b> Linnæus. <span class="smcap">Southern Thorn</span>. <a href="#Plate_86">Plate 86.</a> Bark gray to light orange; spines uncommon, 2-5 cm. (<sup>3</sup>/<sub>4</sub>-3<sup>1</sup>/<sub>4</sub> inches) long; leaves oblong-ovate, 2-8 cm. (<sup>3</sup>/<sub>4</sub>-3<sup>1</sup>/<sub>4</sub> inches) long, 2-5 cm. (<sup>1</sup>/<sub>2</sub>-2 inches) wide, acute, acuminate or even obtuse at the apex, @@ -7570,7 +7555,7 @@ broad crown.</p> <p>Specimens have been examined from the following counties: Dubois (Deam); Gibson (Schneck), (Deam); Knox (Schneck); Posey (Deam).</p> -<p><a name="C_nitida" id="C_nitida"></a><b>11. Crataegus ntida</b> (Engelmann) Sargent. <span class="smcap">Shining Thorn</span>. +<p><a name="C_nitida" id="C_nitida"></a><b>11. Crataegus nítida</b> (Engelmann) Sargent. <span class="smcap">Shining Thorn</span>. Plate 87. Bark dark and scaly; spines occasional, 3-5 cm. (1-2 inches) long; leaves oblong-ovate to oval, 3-8 cm. (1<sup>1</sup>/<sub>4</sub>-3 inches) long, 2-6 cm. (<sup>3</sup>/<sub>4</sub>-2<sup>1</sup>/<sub>4</sub> inches) wide, acute at the apex, cuneate at the base, @@ -7595,7 +7580,7 @@ spreading branches and a broad crown.</p> <div class="fig_center"> <img src="images/plate_087.png" width="440" height="590" alt="" title="" /> -<p class="fig_caption">CRATGUS NITIDA (Engelmann) Sargent. <span class="smcap">Shining Thorn.</span> ( <sup>1</sup>/<sub>2</sub>.)</p> +<p class="fig_caption">CRATÆGUS NITIDA (Engelmann) Sargent. <span class="smcap">Shining Thorn.</span> (× <sup>1</sup>/<sub>2</sub>.)</p> </div> <p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_199" id="Page_199">[199]</a></span></p> @@ -7604,12 +7589,12 @@ spreading branches and a broad crown.</p> <div class="fig_center" style="width: 430px;"> <img src="images/plate_088.png" width="430" height="588" alt="" title="" /> -<p class="fig_caption">CRATGUS MACROSPERMA Ashe. <span class="smcap">Variable Thorn.</span> ( <sup>1</sup>/<sub>2</sub>.)</p> +<p class="fig_caption">CRATÆGUS MACROSPERMA Ashe. <span class="smcap">Variable Thorn.</span> (× <sup>1</sup>/<sub>2</sub>.)</p> </div> <p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_200" id="Page_200">[200]</a></span></p> -<p><a name="C_macrosperma" id="C_macrosperma"></a><b>12. Crataegus macrosprma</b> Ashe. <span class="smcap">Variable Thorn.</span> +<p><a name="C_macrosperma" id="C_macrosperma"></a><b>12. Crataegus macrospérma</b> Ashe. <span class="smcap">Variable Thorn.</span> <a href="#Plate_88">Plate 88.</a> Bark brown, scaly; spines numerous, stout, curved, 2-7 cm. (<sup>3</sup>/<sub>4</sub>-2<sup>3</sup>/<sub>4</sub> inches) long; leaves broadly elliptical-ovate to broadly ovate, 2-7 cm. (<sup>3</sup>/<sub>4</sub>-2<sup>3</sup>/<sub>4</sub> inches) long and wide, acute at the apex, @@ -7641,7 +7626,7 @@ Lobes of the leaves acuminate, often recurved; fruit ripens early.</p> <p><b>Distribution.</b>—Known in Indiana only from Deam's specimen No. 14187 from Wells County.</p> -<p><a name="C_basilica" id="C_basilica"></a><b>13. Crataegus basilca</b> Beadle. (<i>Crataegus alnorum</i> Sargent. +<p><a name="C_basilica" id="C_basilica"></a><b>13. Crataegus basilìca</b> Beadle. (<i>Crataegus alnorum</i> Sargent. <i>Crataegus Edsoni</i> Sargent). <span class="smcap">Edson's Thorn.</span> <a href="#Plate_89">Plate 89.</a> Bark brown, scaly; spines 2.5-4 cm. (1-1<sup>1</sup>/<sub>2</sub> inches) long, stout, curved; leaves ovate, 3-7 cm. (1<sup>1</sup>/<sub>4</sub>-2<sup>3</sup>/<sub>4</sub> inches) long, acute at the apex, broadly cuneate @@ -7666,7 +7651,7 @@ branches ascending.</p> <div class="fig_center"> <img src="images/plate_089.png" width="437" height="592" alt="" title="" /> -<p class="fig_caption">CRATGUS BASILICA Beadle. <span class="smcap">Edson's Thorn.</span> ( <sup>1</sup>/<sub>2</sub>.)</p> +<p class="fig_caption">CRATÆGUS BASILICA Beadle. <span class="smcap">Edson's Thorn.</span> (× <sup>1</sup>/<sub>2</sub>.)</p> </div> <p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_202" id="Page_202">[202]</a></span></p> @@ -7675,12 +7660,12 @@ branches ascending.</p> <div class="fig_center"> <img src="images/plate_090.png" width="423" height="590" alt="" title="" /> -<p class="fig_caption">CRATGUS JESUPI Sargent. <span class="smcap">Jesup's Thorn.</span> ( <sup>1</sup>/<sub>2</sub>.)</p> +<p class="fig_caption">CRATÆGUS JESUPI Sargent. <span class="smcap">Jesup's Thorn.</span> (× <sup>1</sup>/<sub>2</sub>.)</p> </div> <p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_203" id="Page_203">[203]</a></span></p> -<p><a name="C_Jesupi" id="C_Jesupi"></a><b>14. Crataegus Jsupi</b> Sargent. <span class="smcap">Jesup's Thorn.</span> <span class="smcap">Twin Mountain +<p><a name="C_Jesupi" id="C_Jesupi"></a><b>14. Crataegus Jésupi</b> Sargent. <span class="smcap">Jesup's Thorn.</span> <span class="smcap">Twin Mountain Thorn.</span> <a href="#Plate_90">Plate 90.</a> Bark grayish-brown; spines stout, straight 2-4 cm. (<sup>3</sup>/<sub>4</sub>-1<sup>1</sup>/<sub>2</sub> inches) long; leaves elliptical-ovate, 3.5-7 cm. (1<sup>1</sup>/<sub>2</sub>-3 inches) long, 2-5.5 cm. (1-2 inches) wide, acute or acuminate at the apex, @@ -7702,7 +7687,7 @@ and a round crown.</p> <p>Specimens examined: Owen (Mrs. Chas. C. Deam).</p> -<p><a name="C_rugosa" id="C_rugosa"></a><b>15. Crataegus rugsa</b> Ashe. (<i>Crataegus deltoides</i> Ashe). <span class="smcap">Fretz's +<p><a name="C_rugosa" id="C_rugosa"></a><b>15. Crataegus rugòsa</b> Ashe. (<i>Crataegus deltoides</i> Ashe). <span class="smcap">Fretz's Thorn.</span> <a href="#Plate_91">Plate 91.</a> Spines numerous, 3-6 cm. (1<sup>1</sup>/<sub>4</sub>-2<sup>1</sup>/<sub>2</sub> inches) long, stout curved; leaves broadly ovate, 3-7 cm. (1-2<sup>3</sup>/<sub>4</sub> inches) long and broad, acute or acuminate at the apex, cordate or truncate at the base, @@ -7726,7 +7711,7 @@ and an irregular crown.</p> (Deam); Jennings (Deam); Owen (Deam); Perry (Deam); Wells (Deam).</p> -<p><a name="C_filipes" id="C_filipes"></a><b>16. Crataegus flipes</b> Ashe. <span class="smcap">Miss Beckwith's Thorn.</span> (<i>Crataegus +<p><a name="C_filipes" id="C_filipes"></a><b>16. Crataegus fílipes</b> Ashe. <span class="smcap">Miss Beckwith's Thorn.</span> (<i>Crataegus silvicola</i> var. <i>Beckwithae</i> (Sargent) Eggleston). <a href="#Plate_92">Plate 92.</a> Spines numerous, curved, chestnut-brown, 2.5 to 6 cm. (1-2<sup>1</sup>/<sub>2</sub> inches) long; bark slightly scaly; leaves 2-7 cm. (<sup>3</sup>/<sub>4</sub>-2<sup>3</sup>/<sub>4</sub> inches) long, 2-6 cm. @@ -7744,7 +7729,7 @@ ripens in October.</p> <div class="fig_center"> <img src="images/plate_091.png" width="429" height="585" alt="" title="" /> -<p class="fig_caption">CRATGUS RUGOSA Ashe. <span class="smcap">Fretz's Thorn.</span> ( <sup>1</sup>/<sub>2</sub>.)</p> +<p class="fig_caption">CRATÆGUS RUGOSA Ashe. <span class="smcap">Fretz's Thorn.</span> (× <sup>1</sup>/<sub>2</sub>.)</p> </div> <p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_205" id="Page_205">[205]</a></span></p> @@ -7753,7 +7738,7 @@ ripens in October.</p> <div class="fig_center"> <img src="images/plate_092.png" width="429" height="585" alt="" title="" /> -<p class="fig_caption">CRATGUS FILIPES Ashe. <span class="smcap">Miss Beckwith's Thorn.</span> ( <sup>1</sup>/<sub>2</sub>.)</p> +<p class="fig_caption">CRATÆGUS FILIPES Ashe. <span class="smcap">Miss Beckwith's Thorn.</span> (× <sup>1</sup>/<sub>2</sub>.)</p> </div> <p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_206" id="Page_206">[206]</a></span></p> @@ -7766,7 +7751,7 @@ ascending branches.</p> <p>Specimens have been seen from Perry County, Deam's No. 27104.</p> -<p><a name="C_Gattingeri" id="C_Gattingeri"></a><b>17. Crataegus Gattngeri</b> Ashe. (<i>Crataegus coccinea</i> var. <i>oligandra</i> +<p><a name="C_Gattingeri" id="C_Gattingeri"></a><b>17. Crataegus Gattíngeri</b> Ashe. (<i>Crataegus coccinea</i> var. <i>oligandra</i> Torrey and Gray). <span class="smcap">Dr. Clapp's Thorn.</span> <span class="smcap">Gattinger's Thorn.</span> <a href="#Plate_93">Plate 93.</a> Spines numerous, 2.5-6 cm. (1-2 inches) long; leaves narrowly ovate to deltoid, 2.5-6 cm. (1-2<sup>1</sup>/<sub>2</sub> inches) long, 2-5 cm. (<sup>3</sup>/<sub>4</sub>-2 inches) wide, @@ -7788,7 +7773,7 @@ irregular branches.</p> <p>Specimens seen from: Floyd (Dr. Clapp, before 1840); Knox (Schneck); Perry (Deam); Steuben (Deam); Wells (Deam).</p> -<p><a name="C_pruinosa" id="C_pruinosa"></a><b>18. Crataegus pruinsa</b> (Wendland) K. Koch. <span class="smcap">Waxy-fruited +<p><a name="C_pruinosa" id="C_pruinosa"></a><b>18. Crataegus pruinòsa</b> (Wendland) K. Koch. <span class="smcap">Waxy-fruited Thorn.</span> <a href="#Plate_94">Plate 94.</a> Bark dark brown; spines numerous, slender, 3-6 cm. (1<sup>1</sup>/<sub>4</sub>-2<sup>1</sup>/<sub>2</sub> inches) long; leaves elliptic-ovate to broadly ovate, 2.5-6 cm. (1-2<sup>1</sup>/<sub>2</sub> inches) long and wide, acute or acuminate at the apex, @@ -7814,7 +7799,7 @@ in Indiana.</p> <div class="fig_center"> <img src="images/plate_093.png" width="438" height="589" alt="" title="" /> -<p class="fig_caption">CRATGUS GATTINGERI Ashe. <span class="smcap">Dr. Gattinger's Thorn.</span> ( <sup>1</sup>/<sub>2</sub>.)</p> +<p class="fig_caption">CRATÆGUS GATTINGERI Ashe. <span class="smcap">Dr. Gattinger's Thorn.</span> (× <sup>1</sup>/<sub>2</sub>.)</p> </div> <p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_208" id="Page_208">[208]</a></span></p> @@ -7823,8 +7808,8 @@ in Indiana.</p> <div class="fig_center"> <img src="images/plate_094.png" width="426" height="585" alt="" title="" /> -<p class="fig_caption">CRATGUS PRUINOSA (Wendland) K. Koch. <span class="smcap">Waxy-fruited Thorn.</span> -( <sup>1</sup>/<sub>2</sub>.)</p> +<p class="fig_caption">CRATÆGUS PRUINOSA (Wendland) K. Koch. <span class="smcap">Waxy-fruited Thorn.</span> +(× <sup>1</sup>/<sub>2</sub>.)</p> </div> <p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_209" id="Page_209">[209]</a></span></p> @@ -7840,7 +7825,7 @@ Putnam (Grimes); Randolph (Deam); Steuben (Deam); Sullivan (Deam); Tipton (Deam); Vermillion (Deam); Warren (Deam); Wayne (Deam); Wells (Deam).</p> -<p><a name="C_coccinioides" id="C_coccinioides"></a><b>19. Crataegus cocciniodes</b> Ashe. <span class="smcap">Eggert's Thorn.</span> (<i>Crataegus +<p><a name="C_coccinioides" id="C_coccinioides"></a><b>19. Crataegus coccinioìdes</b> Ashe. <span class="smcap">Eggert's Thorn.</span> (<i>Crataegus Eggertii</i> Britton). <a href="#Plate_95">Plate 95.</a> Bark grayish-brown, scaly; spines curved, 2-6 cm. (<sup>3</sup>/<sub>4</sub>-2<sup>1</sup>/<sub>2</sub> inches) long; leaves broadly ovate, 4-9 cm. (1<sup>1</sup>/<sub>2</sub>-3<sup>1</sup>/<sub>2</sub> inches) long, 3.5-8 cm. (1<sup>3</sup>/<sub>4</sub>-3 inches) wide, acute at the apex, rounded @@ -7864,7 +7849,7 @@ spreading branches and a broad, round-topped crown.</p> (Deam); Gibson (Schneck); Marion (Deam); Martin (Deam); Vigo (Blatchley); Whitley (Deam).</p> -<p><a name="C_coccinea" id="C_coccinea"></a><b>20. Crataegus coccnea</b> Linnus. <span class="smcap">Scarlet Thorn.</span> <span class="smcap">Red Haw.</span> +<p><a name="C_coccinea" id="C_coccinea"></a><b>20. Crataegus coccínea</b> Linnæus. <span class="smcap">Scarlet Thorn.</span> <span class="smcap">Red Haw.</span> (<i>Crataegus pedicillata</i> Sargent). <a href="#Plate_96">Plate 96.</a> Bark light gray, spines stout, curved, 2-6 cm. (<sup>3</sup>/<sub>4</sub>-2 inches) long; leaves broadly ovate, 3-10 cm. (1<sup>1</sup>/<sub>4</sub>-4 inches) long, 3-9 cm. (1<sup>1</sup>/<sub>4</sub>-3<sup>1</sup>/<sub>2</sub> inches) wide, acute or @@ -7884,7 +7869,7 @@ erect or spreading, rather persistent.</p> <div class="fig_center"> <img src="images/plate_095.png" width="417" height="592" alt="" title="" /> -<p class="fig_caption">CRATGUS COCCINOIDES Ashe. <span class="smcap">Eggert's Thorn.</span> ( <sup>1</sup>/<sub>2</sub>.)</p> +<p class="fig_caption">CRATÆGUS COCCINOIDES Ashe. <span class="smcap">Eggert's Thorn.</span> (× <sup>1</sup>/<sub>2</sub>.)</p> </div> <p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_211" id="Page_211">[211]</a></span></p> @@ -7893,7 +7878,7 @@ erect or spreading, rather persistent.</p> <div class="fig_center"> <img src="images/plate_096.png" width="431" height="591" alt="" title="" /> -<p class="fig_caption">CRATGUS COCCINEA Linnus. <span class="smcap">Scarlet Thorn.</span> ( <sup>1</sup>/<sub>2</sub>.)</p> +<p class="fig_caption">CRATÆGUS COCCINEA Linnæus. <span class="smcap">Scarlet Thorn.</span> (× <sup>1</sup>/<sub>2</sub>.)</p> </div> <p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_212" id="Page_212">[212]</a></span></p> @@ -7911,14 +7896,14 @@ Knox (Deam); Noble (VanGorder); Steuben (Deam); White (Deam).</p> several centuries. There are specimens in the Kew Gardens, England, more than two hundred years old.</p> -<p><b>20a. Crataegus coccinea</b> var. <b>Ellwangerina</b>, n. nom. (<i>Crataegus +<p><b>20a. Crataegus coccinea</b> var. <b>Ellwangeriàna</b>, n. nom. (<i>Crataegus pedicillata</i> var. <i>Ellwangeriana</i> (Sargent) Eggleston). Corymbs densely villous; fruit slightly villous.</p> <p><b>Distribution.</b>—Known in Indiana from Deam's specimen No. 27355 from Warren County.</p> -<p><a name="C_mollis" id="C_mollis"></a><b>21. Crataegus mllis</b> (Torrey and Gray) Scheele. <span class="smcap">Red-fruited</span> +<p><a name="C_mollis" id="C_mollis"></a><b>21. Crataegus móllis</b> (Torrey and Gray) Scheele. <span class="smcap">Red-fruited</span> or <span class="smcap">Downy Thorn</span>. <span class="smcap">Red Haw.</span> <a href="#Plate_97">Plate 97.</a> Bark grayish-brown, fissured and scaly; spines curved, 3-5 cm. (1-2 inches) long; leaves broadly ovate, acute at the apex, cordate to truncate at the base, serrate or twice @@ -7953,13 +7938,13 @@ Montgomery (Grimes); Posey (Deam); Putnam (Grimes); Shelby <div class="fig_center"> <img src="images/plate_097.png" width="423" height="593" alt="" title="" /> -<p class="fig_caption">CRATGUS MOLLIS (Torrey and Gray) Scheele. <span class="smcap">Red-fruited Thorn.</span> -( <sup>1</sup>/<sub>2</sub>.)</p> +<p class="fig_caption">CRATÆGUS MOLLIS (Torrey and Gray) Scheele. <span class="smcap">Red-fruited Thorn.</span> +(× <sup>1</sup>/<sub>2</sub>.)</p> </div> <p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_214" id="Page_214">[214]</a></span></p> -<p><a name="C_Phaenopyrum" id="C_Phaenopyrum"></a><b>22. Crataegus Phnopyrum</b> (Linnus fils) Medicus. <span class="smcap">Washington +<p><a name="C_Phaenopyrum" id="C_Phaenopyrum"></a><b>22. Crataegus Phænopyrum</b> (Linnæus fils) Medicus. <span class="smcap">Washington Thorn. Scarlet Haw.</span> (<i>Crataegus cordata</i> Aiton). <a href="#Plate_98">Plate 98.</a> Bark grayish-brown, scaly; spines numerous, slightly curved, 2-5 cm. (<sup>3</sup>/<sub>4</sub>-2 inches) long; leaves ovate-triangular, 2-8 cm. (<sup>3</sup>/<sub>4</sub>-3 inches) long @@ -7989,7 +7974,7 @@ beautiful little scarlet fruit persist for a long time. It is also one of the American thorns long in cultivation, both in Europe and the United States.</p> -<p><b>Crataegus lbicans</b> Linnus. This species was reported for +<p><b>Crataegus álbicans</b> Linnæus. This species was reported for Indiana by Heimlich.<a name="FNanchor_52_52" id="FNanchor_52_52"></a><a href="#Footnote_52_52" class="fnanchor">[52]</a></p> <p>The material at hand is not sufficient to make a satisfactory determination, @@ -8032,15 +8017,15 @@ species extend into Indiana.</p> <div class="fig_center"> <img src="images/plate_098.png" width="441" height="591" alt="" title="" /> -<p class="fig_caption">CRATGUS PHNOPYRUM (Linnus filius) Medicus. <span class="smcap">Washington -Thorn.</span> ( <sup>1</sup>/<sub>2</sub>.)</p> +<p class="fig_caption">CRATÆGUS PHÆNOPYRUM (Linnæus filius) Medicus. <span class="smcap">Washington +Thorn.</span> (× <sup>1</sup>/<sub>2</sub>.)</p> </div> <hr class="chap" /> <p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_216" id="Page_216">[216]</a></span></p> -<h2><a name="AMYGDALACEAE" id="AMYGDALACEAE"></a><b>AMYGDALCEAE.</b> <span class="smcap">The Plum Family.</span></h2> +<h2><a name="AMYGDALACEAE" id="AMYGDALACEAE"></a><b>AMYGDALÀCEAE.</b> <span class="smcap">The Plum Family.</span></h2> <p>Trees or shrubs with alternate, simple, petioled and usually serrate @@ -8051,7 +8036,7 @@ fruit a 1-seeded drupe.</p> and the species often vary much in the extremes of their range.</p> -<p class="caption2nb"><a name="PRUNUS" id="PRUNUS"></a><b>PRNUS.</b> The Plums and Cherries.</p> +<p class="caption2nb"><a name="PRUNUS" id="PRUNUS"></a><b>PRÙNUS.</b> The Plums and Cherries.</p> <div class="center" style="width:95%;"> <table style="width:100%; margin-left:2em;" summary="species_key"> @@ -8108,7 +8093,7 @@ and the species often vary much in the extremes of their range.</p> </table> </div> -<p><a name="Prunus_americana_1" id="Prunus_americana_1"></a><b>1. Prunus americna</b> Marshall. +<p><a name="Prunus_americana_1" id="Prunus_americana_1"></a><b>1. Prunus americàna</b> Marshall. <span class="smcap">Wild Red Plum.</span> <a href="#Plate_99">Plate 99.</a> Small trees with crooked branches; bark of old trees exfoliating in irregular plates; twigs smooth; leaves obovate or oval, 5-9 cm. long, @@ -8131,7 +8116,7 @@ orbicular, surface usually smooth.</p> <div class="fig_center"> <img src="images/plate_099.png" width="447" height="589" alt="" title="" /> -<p class="fig_caption">PRUNUS AMERICANA Marshall. <span class="smcap">Wild Red Plum.</span> ( <sup>1</sup>/<sub>2</sub>.)</p> +<p class="fig_caption">PRUNUS AMERICANA Marshall. <span class="smcap">Wild Red Plum.</span> (× <sup>1</sup>/<sub>2</sub>.)</p> </div> <p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_218" id="Page_218">[218]</a></span></p> @@ -8154,7 +8139,7 @@ of all of the plums. Many named varieties belong to this species.</p> one must not be surprised to find specimens that will not come entirely within the descriptions.</p> -<p><a name="Prunus_americana_2" id="Prunus_americana_2"></a><b>2. Prunus americana</b> var. <b>lanta</b> Sudworth. <span class="smcap">Woolly-leaf Plum.</span> +<p><a name="Prunus_americana_2" id="Prunus_americana_2"></a><b>2. Prunus americana</b> var. <b>lanàta</b> Sudworth. <span class="smcap">Woolly-leaf Plum.</span> Plate 100. Small trees with the characteristic wild plum tree bark, except on age it becomes more furrowed; twigs generally puberulent or sometimes smooth; leaves obovate, oblong-obovate, or sometimes somewhat ovate, @@ -8186,7 +8171,7 @@ that there is little difference between the extremes of the two forms.</p> <div class="fig_center"> <img src="images/plate_100.png" width="422" height="592" alt="" title="" /> -<p class="fig_caption">PRUNUS AMERICANA variety LANATA Sudworth. <span class="smcap">Woolly-leaf Plum.</span> ( <sup>1</sup>/<sub>2</sub>.)</p> +<p class="fig_caption">PRUNUS AMERICANA variety LANATA Sudworth. <span class="smcap">Woolly-leaf Plum.</span> (× <sup>1</sup>/<sub>2</sub>.)</p> </div> <p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_220" id="Page_220">[220]</a></span></p> @@ -8195,12 +8180,12 @@ that there is little difference between the extremes of the two forms.</p> <div class="fig_center"> <img src="images/plate_101.png" width="440" height="589" alt="" title="" /> -<p class="fig_caption">PRUNUS NIGRA Aiton. <span class="smcap">Canada Plum.</span> ( <sup>1</sup>/<sub>2</sub>.)</p> +<p class="fig_caption">PRUNUS NIGRA Aiton. <span class="smcap">Canada Plum.</span> (× <sup>1</sup>/<sub>2</sub>.)</p> </div> <p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_221" id="Page_221">[221]</a></span></p> -<p><a name="Prunus_nigra" id="Prunus_nigra"></a><b>3. Prunus ngra</b> Aiton. <span class="smcap">Canada Plum.</span> <a href="#Plate_101">Plate 101.</a> Small +<p><a name="Prunus_nigra" id="Prunus_nigra"></a><b>3. Prunus nìgra</b> Aiton. <span class="smcap">Canada Plum.</span> <a href="#Plate_101">Plate 101.</a> Small trees with the characteristic bark of the genus; twigs smooth; leaves obovate or oval, 5-11 cm. long and 3-6 cm. wide, rounded or somewhat narrowed at the base, abruptly short acuminate toward the apex, smooth @@ -8233,7 +8218,7 @@ County, and transplanted a specimen to high ground in his orchard. It has persisted ever since, growing vigorously and freely suckering from the roots, but it has been quite susceptible to the San Jose scale.</p> -<p><a name="Prunus_hortulana" id="Prunus_hortulana"></a><b>4. Prunus hortulna</b> Bailey. +<p><a name="Prunus_hortulana" id="Prunus_hortulana"></a><b>4. Prunus hortulàna</b> Bailey. <span class="smcap">Wild Goose Plum.</span> <a href="#Plate_102">Plate 102.</a> Small trees with bark exfoliating in plates or rolls on old trees; twigs smooth; leaves oblong-oval, oval, slightly ovate or obovate, generally @@ -8254,7 +8239,7 @@ short oval, very turgid, face reticulated.</p> <div class="fig_center"> <img src="images/plate_102.png" width="439" height="591" alt="" title="" /> -<p class="fig_caption">PRUNUS HORTULANA Bailey. <span class="smcap">Wild Goose Plum</span>. ( <sup>1</sup>/<sub>2</sub>.)</p> +<p class="fig_caption">PRUNUS HORTULANA Bailey. <span class="smcap">Wild Goose Plum</span>. (× <sup>1</sup>/<sub>2</sub>.)</p> </div> <p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_223" id="Page_223">[223]</a></span></p> @@ -8268,7 +8253,7 @@ base of sandy wooded slopes, etc., and is a common tree in Sullivan County for miles on the wooded bank of the terrace of the Wabash River.</p> -<p><a name="Prunus_pennsylvanica" id="Prunus_pennsylvanica"></a><b>5. Prunus pennsylvnica</b> Linnus filius. <span class="smcap">Wild Red Cherry.</span> +<p><a name="Prunus_pennsylvanica" id="Prunus_pennsylvanica"></a><b>5. Prunus pennsylvánica</b> Linnæus filius. <span class="smcap">Wild Red Cherry.</span> Plate 103. Small trees with smooth cherry-like bark, somewhat roughened near the base on old trees; twigs smooth, at least at maturity; leaves oval, oval-lanceolate, or ovate, sometimes slightly falcate, 4-10 @@ -8305,7 +8290,7 @@ Erie.</p> <div class="fig_center"> <img src="images/plate_103.png" width="441" height="590" alt="" title="" /> -<p class="fig_caption">PRUNUS PENNSYLVANICA Linnus fils. <span class="smcap">Wild Red Cherry.</span> ( <sup>1</sup>/<sub>2</sub>.)</p> +<p class="fig_caption">PRUNUS PENNSYLVANICA Linnæus fils. <span class="smcap">Wild Red Cherry.</span> (× <sup>1</sup>/<sub>2</sub>.)</p> </div> <p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_225" id="Page_225">[225]</a></span></p> @@ -8314,12 +8299,12 @@ Erie.</p> <div class="fig_center"> <img src="images/plate_104.png" width="440" height="591" alt="" title="" /> -<p class="fig_caption">PRUNUS SEROTINA Ehrhart. <span class="smcap">Wild Black Cherry.</span> ( <sup>1</sup>/<sub>2</sub>.)</p> +<p class="fig_caption">PRUNUS SEROTINA Ehrhart. <span class="smcap">Wild Black Cherry.</span> (× <sup>1</sup>/<sub>2</sub>.)</p> </div> <p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_226" id="Page_226">[226]</a></span></p> -<p><a name="Prunus_serotina" id="Prunus_serotina"></a><b>6. Prunus sertina</b> Ehrhart. <span class="smcap">Wild Cherry.</span> <span class="smcap">Cherry.</span> <b>Wild +<p><a name="Prunus_serotina" id="Prunus_serotina"></a><b>6. Prunus serótina</b> Ehrhart. <span class="smcap">Wild Cherry.</span> <span class="smcap">Cherry.</span> <b>Wild Black Cherry.</b> <a href="#Plate_104">Plate 104.</a> Medium to large sized trees; bark of young trees smooth, becoming on old trees irregularly fissured and separating in small scaly plates; twigs slender and smooth, sometimes @@ -8361,7 +8346,7 @@ forest planting.</p> <hr class="chap" /> -<h2><a name="CAESALPINACEAE" id="CAESALPINACEAE"></a><b>CAESALPINCEAE.</b> <span class="smcap">The Senna Family.</span></h2> +<h2><a name="CAESALPINACEAE" id="CAESALPINACEAE"></a><b>CAESALPINÀCEAE.</b> <span class="smcap">The Senna Family.</span></h2> <div class="center" style="width:95%;"> @@ -8391,9 +8376,9 @@ forest planting.</p> <p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_227" id="Page_227">[227]</a></span></p> -<p class="caption2nb"><a name="CERCIS" id="CERCIS"></a><b>1. CRCIS.</b> <span class="smcap">The Redbud.</span></p> +<p class="caption2nb"><a name="CERCIS" id="CERCIS"></a><b>1. CÉRCIS.</b> <span class="smcap">The Redbud.</span></p> -<p><a name="Cercis_canadensis" id="Cercis_canadensis"></a><b>Cercis canadnsis</b> Linnus. <span class="smcap">Redbud.</span> <a href="#Plate_105">Plate 105.</a> Small +<p><a name="Cercis_canadensis" id="Cercis_canadensis"></a><b>Cercis canadénsis</b> Linnæus. <span class="smcap">Redbud.</span> <a href="#Plate_105">Plate 105.</a> Small trees; bark of trunk of old trees fissured, reddish-brown; twigs glabrous, light brown, becoming a dark brown; leaves alternate, broadly ovate, average blades 6-14 cm. long, cordate at base, short-pointed, sometimes @@ -8427,7 +8412,7 @@ a rich moist soil, and is shade enduring, although it succeeds best in the open or in a light shade.</p> -<p class="caption2nb"><a name="GLEDITSIA" id="GLEDITSIA"></a><b>2. GLEDTSIA.</b> <span class="smcap">The Honey Locust.</span></p> +<p class="caption2nb"><a name="GLEDITSIA" id="GLEDITSIA"></a><b>2. GLEDÍTSIA.</b> <span class="smcap">The Honey Locust.</span></p> <div class="center" style="width:95%;"> <table style="width:100%; margin-left:2em;" summary="species_key"> @@ -8442,7 +8427,7 @@ open or in a light shade.</p> </table> </div> -<p><a name="Gleditsia_triacanthos" id="Gleditsia_triacanthos"></a><b>1. Gleditsia triacnthos</b> Linnus. +<p><a name="Gleditsia_triacanthos" id="Gleditsia_triacanthos"></a><b>1. Gleditsia triacánthos</b> Linnæus. <span class="smcap">Honey Locust</span>. <a href="#Plate_106">Plate 106.</a> Medium to large sized trees; bark of old trunks fissured and peeling off in strips; spines on trunk large and often much branched, sometimes @@ -8465,7 +8450,7 @@ strong, coarse-grained and takes a good polish.</p> <div class="fig_center"> <img src="images/plate_105.png" width="444" height="591" alt="" title="" /> -<p class="fig_caption">CERCIS CANADENSIS Linnus. <span class="smcap">Redbud.</span> ( <sup>1</sup>/<sub>2</sub>.)</p> +<p class="fig_caption">CERCIS CANADENSIS Linnæus. <span class="smcap">Redbud.</span> (× <sup>1</sup>/<sub>2</sub>.)</p> </div> <p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_229" id="Page_229">[229]</a></span></p> @@ -8474,7 +8459,7 @@ strong, coarse-grained and takes a good polish.</p> <div class="fig_center"> <img src="images/plate_106.png" width="442" height="585" alt="" title="" /> -<p class="fig_caption">GLEDITSIA TRIACANTHOS Linnus. <span class="smcap">Honey Locust.</span> ( <sup>1</sup>/<sub>2</sub>.)</p> +<p class="fig_caption">GLEDITSIA TRIACANTHOS Linnæus. <span class="smcap">Honey Locust.</span> (× <sup>1</sup>/<sub>2</sub>.)</p> </div> <p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_230" id="Page_230">[230]</a></span></p> @@ -8517,12 +8502,12 @@ insect damage.</p> <div class="fig_center"> <img src="images/plate_107.png" width="427" height="591" alt="" title="" /> -<p class="fig_caption">GLEDITSIA AQUATICA Marshall. <span class="smcap">Water Honey Locust.</span> ( <sup>1</sup>/<sub>2</sub>.)</p> +<p class="fig_caption">GLEDITSIA AQUATICA Marshall. <span class="smcap">Water Honey Locust.</span> (× <sup>1</sup>/<sub>2</sub>.)</p> </div> <p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_232" id="Page_232">[232]</a></span></p> -<p><a name="Gleditsia_aquatica" id="Gleditsia_aquatica"></a><b>2. Gleditsia aqutica</b> Marshall. <span class="smcap">Water Honey Locust.</span> +<p><a name="Gleditsia_aquatica" id="Gleditsia_aquatica"></a><b>2. Gleditsia aquática</b> Marshall. <span class="smcap">Water Honey Locust.</span> <a href="#Plate_107">Plate 107.</a> A medium sized tree with rather smooth bark, which becomes rough and flaky on large trees; twigs greenish, turning to a light brown by the end of the year; branchlets a greenish-gray brown; spines all @@ -8556,7 +8541,7 @@ Dan's pond in Knox County. It measures 158 cm. (66 inches) in circumference at 1 m. above the ground, and is estimated to be 10 m. (30 feet) high. This species is too rare to be of economic importance.</p> -<p><a name="Gleditsia_aquatica_x" id="Gleditsia_aquatica_x"></a><b>Gleditsia aquatica triacanthos.</b> Dr. Schneck<a name="FNanchor_58_58" id="FNanchor_58_58"></a><a href="#Footnote_58_58" class="fnanchor">[58]</a> found two honey +<p><a name="Gleditsia_aquatica_x" id="Gleditsia_aquatica_x"></a><b>Gleditsia aquatica × triacanthos.</b> Dr. Schneck<a name="FNanchor_58_58" id="FNanchor_58_58"></a><a href="#Footnote_58_58" class="fnanchor">[58]</a> found two honey locust trees which he described as hybrids of the two species. The one was located on the bank of Dan's pond in Knox County, and the other in Gibson County. The original description is as follows: "In both @@ -8573,9 +8558,9 @@ Schneck. Two of the sheets have the round and branched spines of <p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_233" id="Page_233">[233]</a></span></p> -<p class="caption2nb"><a name="GYMNOCLADUS" id="GYMNOCLADUS"></a><b>3. GYMNCLADUS.</b> <span class="smcap">The Coffee Tree.</span></p> +<p class="caption2nb"><a name="GYMNOCLADUS" id="GYMNOCLADUS"></a><b>3. GYMNÓCLADUS.</b> <span class="smcap">The Coffee Tree.</span></p> -<p><a name="Gymnocladus_dioica" id="Gymnocladus_dioica"></a><b>Gymnocladus dioca</b> (Linnus) Koch. <span class="smcap">Coffeenut Tree.</span> +<p><a name="Gymnocladus_dioica" id="Gymnocladus_dioica"></a><b>Gymnocladus dioíca</b> (Linnæus) Koch. <span class="smcap">Coffeenut Tree.</span> <a href="#Plate_108">Plate 108.</a> Medium sized trees; bark of trunks fissured, the ridges often curling up along the sides, very hard; twigs at first hairy, becoming glabrous and mottled gray-brown by the end of the season, robust, usually about @@ -8617,7 +8602,7 @@ to recommend it for ornamental planting.</p> <div class="fig_center"> <img src="images/plate_108.png" width="441" height="586" alt="" title="" /> -<p class="fig_caption">GYMNOCLADUS DIOICA (Linnus) Koch. <span class="smcap">Coffeenut Tree.</span> ( <sup>9</sup>/<sub>20</sub>).</p> +<p class="fig_caption">GYMNOCLADUS DIOICA (Linnæus) Koch. <span class="smcap">Coffeenut Tree.</span> (× <sup>9</sup>/<sub>20</sub>).</p> </div> @@ -8626,7 +8611,7 @@ to recommend it for ornamental planting.</p> <hr class="chap" /> -<h2><a name="FABACEAE" id="FABACEAE"></a><b>FABCEAE.</b> <span class="smcap">The Pea Family.</span></h2> +<h2><a name="FABACEAE" id="FABACEAE"></a><b>FABÀCEAE.</b> <span class="smcap">The Pea Family.</span></h2> <p>Trees, shrubs, vines or herbs with alternate leaves, mostly compound; @@ -8634,10 +8619,10 @@ flowers with five petals which are pea-like (papilionaceous); stamens generally 10; fruit a legume.</p> -<h2><a name="ROBINIA" id="ROBINIA"></a><b>ROBNIA.</b> <span class="smcap">The Locusts.</span></h2> +<h2><a name="ROBINIA" id="ROBINIA"></a><b>ROBÍNIA.</b> <span class="smcap">The Locusts.</span></h2> -<p><a name="Robinia_Pseudo" id="Robinia_Pseudo"></a><b>Robinia Psedo-Accia</b> Linnus. <span class="smcap">Locust. Black Locust.</span> +<p><a name="Robinia_Pseudo" id="Robinia_Pseudo"></a><b>Robinia Pseùdo-Acàcia</b> Linnæus. <span class="smcap">Locust. Black Locust.</span> <a href="#Plate_109">Plate 109.</a> Medium sized trees with deeply furrowed bark; twigs at first green and hairy, becoming at the end of the season glabrous and a light brown, the stipules developing in about a year into a pair of woody @@ -8683,7 +8668,7 @@ seed fall on exposed soil.</p> <div class="fig_center"> <img src="images/plate_109.png" width="419" height="589" alt="" title="" /> -<p class="fig_caption">ROBINIA PSEUDO-ACACIA Linnus. <span class="smcap">Black Locust.</span> ( <sup>1</sup>/<sub>2</sub>.)</p> +<p class="fig_caption">ROBINIA PSEUDO-ACACIA Linnæus. <span class="smcap">Black Locust.</span> (× <sup>1</sup>/<sub>2</sub>.)</p> </div> <p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_237" id="Page_237">[237]</a></span></p> @@ -8693,7 +8678,7 @@ timber. It is very easily propagated from seedlings and grows rapidly. It is adapted to all kinds of soil, except a wet one. It prefers a well drained soil and seems to grow as fast in a loose clay soil as in a black loam. When used for forest planting the spacing should be from -55 feet to 88 feet. The spacing should be governed by the quality +5×5 feet to 8×8 feet. The spacing should be governed by the quality of the soil, and the amount of pruning that can be done. The locust has the habit of having the terminal to end in a fork and having one or more very large side branches. The best management requires @@ -8713,12 +8698,12 @@ will not prove profitable.</p> <hr class="chap" /> -<h2><a name="SIMARUBACEAE" id="SIMARUBACEAE"></a><b>SIMARUBCEAE.</b> <span class="smcap">The Quassia Family.</span></h2> +<h2><a name="SIMARUBACEAE" id="SIMARUBACEAE"></a><b>SIMARUBÀCEAE.</b> <span class="smcap">The Quassia Family.</span></h2> -<p class="caption2nb"><a name="AILANTHUS" id="AILANTHUS"></a><b>AILNTHUS.</b> <span class="smcap">Tree of Heaven.</span></p> +<p class="caption2nb"><a name="AILANTHUS" id="AILANTHUS"></a><b>AILÁNTHUS.</b> <span class="smcap">Tree of Heaven.</span></p> -<p><a name="Ailanthus_altissima" id="Ailanthus_altissima"></a><b>Ailanthus altssima</b> (Miller) Swingle. <span class="smcap">Tree of Heaven. Stink +<p><a name="Ailanthus_altissima" id="Ailanthus_altissima"></a><b>Ailanthus altíssima</b> (Miller) Swingle. <span class="smcap">Tree of Heaven. Stink Tree.</span> (<i>Ailanthus glandulosa</i> Desfontaines). <a href="#Plate_110">Plate 110.</a> Medium sized trees with dark gray bark, thin, rough or fissured on old trees; branchlets very robust; twigs smooth; leaves compound and very large, @@ -8756,7 +8741,7 @@ stock.</p> <div class="fig_center"> <img src="images/plate_110.png" width="421" height="589" alt="" title="" /> <p class="fig_caption">AILANTHUS ALTISSIMA (Miller) Swingle. <span class="smcap">Ailanthus</span> or <span class="smcap">Tree of Heaven</span>. -( <sup>1</sup>/<sub>2</sub>.)</p> +(× <sup>1</sup>/<sub>2</sub>.)</p> </div> <hr class="chap" /> @@ -8764,10 +8749,10 @@ stock.</p> <p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_239" id="Page_239">[239]</a></span></p> -<h2><a name="ACERACEAE" id="ACERACEAE"></a><b>ACERCEAE.</b> <span class="smcap">The Maple Family.</span></h2> +<h2><a name="ACERACEAE" id="ACERACEAE"></a><b>ACERÀCEAE.</b> <span class="smcap">The Maple Family.</span></h2> -<p class="caption2nb"><a name="ACER" id="ACER"></a><b>CER.</b> <span class="smcap">The Maples.</span></p> +<p class="caption2nb"><a name="ACER" id="ACER"></a><b>ÀCER.</b> <span class="smcap">The Maples.</span></p> <p>Trees with terete branches; scaly buds; long petioled, opposite leaves; fruit consists of two long-winged samaras which are joined at @@ -8861,7 +8846,7 @@ when concentrated, yields the maple sugar and sirup of commerce.</p> </table> </div> -<p><a name="Acer_Negundo_1" id="Acer_Negundo_1"></a><b>1. Acer Negndo</b> Linnus. <span class="smcap">Box Elder.</span> <a href="#Plate_111">Plate 111.</a> A medium-sized +<p><a name="Acer_Negundo_1" id="Acer_Negundo_1"></a><b>1. Acer Negúndo</b> Linnæus. <span class="smcap">Box Elder.</span> <a href="#Plate_111">Plate 111.</a> A medium-sized tree with a short trunk and round head; bark of young trees smooth and gray, becoming thick on old trees, light to dark brown and more or less furrowed or rarely somewhat flaky; twigs smooth and @@ -8903,12 +8888,12 @@ disease and insects.</p> <div class="fig_center"> <img src="images/plate_111.png" width="447" height="593" alt="" title="" /> -<p class="fig_caption">ACER NEGUNDO Linnus. <span class="smcap">Box Elder.</span> ( <sup>1</sup>/<sub>2</sub>.)</p> +<p class="fig_caption">ACER NEGUNDO Linnæus. <span class="smcap">Box Elder.</span> (× <sup>1</sup>/<sub>2</sub>.)</p> </div> <p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_242" id="Page_242">[242]</a></span></p> -<p><a name="Acer_Negundo_1a" id="Acer_Negundo_1a"></a><b>1a. Acer Negundo</b> variety <b>violceum</b> Kirchner. (<i>Rulac Nuttallii</i> +<p><a name="Acer_Negundo_1a" id="Acer_Negundo_1a"></a><b>1a. Acer Negundo</b> variety <b>violàceum</b> Kirchner. (<i>Rulac Nuttallii</i> Nieuwland). This variety is distinguished by its glaucous twigs and by the body of the fruit being glabrous at maturity. In most instances when the bloom is rubbed from the twigs they show a purple tinge, @@ -8918,7 +8903,7 @@ hence the varietal name.</p> counties: Brown, Cass, Elkhart, Franklin, Fulton, Hendricks, Henry, Jennings, Lagrange, Martin, Posey, St. Joseph, Vermillion and Wayne.</p> -<p><a name="Acer_saccharinum" id="Acer_saccharinum"></a><b>2. Acer saccharnum</b> Linnus. <span class="smcap">Silver Maple.</span> <span class="smcap">Soft Maple.</span> +<p><a name="Acer_saccharinum" id="Acer_saccharinum"></a><b>2. Acer saccharìnum</b> Linnæus. <span class="smcap">Silver Maple.</span> <span class="smcap">Soft Maple.</span> <span class="smcap">White Maple.</span> <a href="#Plate_112">Plate 112.</a> Medium sized trees; bark of small trees smooth and gray, becoming on old trees reddish-brown, and freely splitting into thin scales; branchlets light to reddish-brown and generally @@ -8955,12 +8940,12 @@ practice should be discouraged and better species used.</p> <div class="fig_center"> <img src="images/plate_112.png" width="424" height="587" alt="" title="" /> -<p class="fig_caption">ACER SACCHARINUM Linnus. <span class="smcap">Silver Maple.</span> ( <sup>1</sup>/<sub>2</sub>.)</p> +<p class="fig_caption">ACER SACCHARINUM Linnæus. <span class="smcap">Silver Maple.</span> (× <sup>1</sup>/<sub>2</sub>.)</p> </div> <p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_244" id="Page_244">[244]</a></span></p> -<p><a name="Acer_rubrum_3" id="Acer_rubrum_3"></a><b>3. Acer rbrum</b> Linnus. <span class="smcap">Red Maple.</span> <span class="smcap">Soft Maple.</span> <span class="smcap">Swamp +<p><a name="Acer_rubrum_3" id="Acer_rubrum_3"></a><b>3. Acer rùbrum</b> Linnæus. <span class="smcap">Red Maple.</span> <span class="smcap">Soft Maple.</span> <span class="smcap">Swamp Maple.</span> <a href="#Plate_113">Plate 113.</a> Medium to large sized trees; bark of small trees smooth and gray, becoming dark brown on old trees, somewhat furrowed and scaly; branchlets smooth and reddish; twigs generally @@ -8997,7 +8982,7 @@ of any economic importance. It grows rapidly and should replace the silver maple for shade tree planting since its branches are not broken off as easily by ice storms and it is more resistant to insect attack.</p> -<p><a name="Acer_rubrum_3a" id="Acer_rubrum_3a"></a><b>3a. Acer rubrum</b> variety <b>Drummndii</b> (Hooker and Arnott) +<p><a name="Acer_rubrum_3a" id="Acer_rubrum_3a"></a><b>3a. Acer rubrum</b> variety <b>Drummóndii</b> (Hooker and Arnott) Torrey and Gray. This variety of the red maple is a form found in the dense swamps of the lower Wabash Valley. It is distinguished from the type by its twigs which generally remain more or less hairy until maturity; @@ -9014,7 +8999,7 @@ All of the trees of this locality have 5-lobed leaves.</p> <div class="fig_center"> <img src="images/plate_113.png" width="436" height="591" alt="" title="" /> -<p class="fig_caption">ACER RUBRUM Linnus. <span class="smcap">Red Maple.</span> ( <sup>1</sup>/<sub>2</sub>.)</p> +<p class="fig_caption">ACER RUBRUM Linnæus. <span class="smcap">Red Maple.</span> (× <sup>1</sup>/<sub>2</sub>.)</p> </div> <p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_246" id="Page_246">[246]</a></span></p> @@ -9025,7 +9010,7 @@ beneath at fruiting time and has fruit intermediate in size between the type and variety <i>Drummondii</i> which I doubtfully refer to variety tridens Wood.</p> -<p><a name="Acer_nigrum" id="Acer_nigrum"></a><b>4. Acer ngrum</b> F. A. Michaux. <span class="smcap">Black Maple.</span> <span class="smcap">Black Sugar.</span> +<p><a name="Acer_nigrum" id="Acer_nigrum"></a><b>4. Acer nìgrum</b> F. A. Michaux. <span class="smcap">Black Maple.</span> <span class="smcap">Black Sugar.</span> Plate 114. Medium to large sized trees with dark furrowed bark on old trees; leaves a little wider than long, 6-15 cm. long, on petioles usually 3-15 cm. long which are more or less swollen at the base and by maturity @@ -9071,12 +9056,12 @@ injury.</p> <div class="fig_center"> <img src="images/plate_114.png" width="445" height="588" alt="" title="" /> -<p class="fig_caption">ACER NIGRUM. F. A. Michaux. <span class="smcap">Black Maple.</span> ( <sup>1</sup>/<sub>2</sub>.)</p> +<p class="fig_caption">ACER NIGRUM. F. A. Michaux. <span class="smcap">Black Maple.</span> (× <sup>1</sup>/<sub>2</sub>.)</p> </div> <p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_248" id="Page_248">[248]</a></span></p> -<p><a name="Acer_saccharum_5" id="Acer_saccharum_5"></a><b>5. Acer sccharum</b> Marshall. <span class="smcap">Sugar Maple.</span> <span class="smcap">Sugar Tree.</span> <span class="smcap">Hard +<p><a name="Acer_saccharum_5" id="Acer_saccharum_5"></a><b>5. Acer sáccharum</b> Marshall. <span class="smcap">Sugar Maple.</span> <span class="smcap">Sugar Tree.</span> <span class="smcap">Hard Maple.</span> <span class="smcap">Rock Maple.</span> <a href="#Plate_115">Plate 115.</a> Usually large, tall trees. The bark of small trees is smooth or rough, becoming fissured on old trees, tight or on very old trees sometimes the ridges loosen on one edge and @@ -9134,7 +9119,7 @@ sized tree will annually yield about 3 to 4 pounds of sugar.</p> <div class="fig_center"> <img src="images/plate_115.png" width="448" height="588" alt="" title="" /> -<p class="fig_caption">ACER SACCHARUM Marshall. <span class="smcap">Sugar Maple.</span> ( <sup>1</sup>/<sub>2</sub>.)</p> +<p class="fig_caption">ACER SACCHARUM Marshall. <span class="smcap">Sugar Maple.</span> (× <sup>1</sup>/<sub>2</sub>.)</p> </div> <p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_250" id="Page_250">[250]</a></span></p> @@ -9150,7 +9135,7 @@ foliage is rarely surpassed by any of our trees. Where a large tree is desired for street or ornamental planting the sugar maple can safely be recommended.</p> -<p><a name="Acer_saccharum_5a" id="Acer_saccharum_5a"></a><b>5a. Acer saccharum</b> variety <b>Ruglii</b> (Pax) Rehder. This variety +<p><a name="Acer_saccharum_5a" id="Acer_saccharum_5a"></a><b>5a. Acer saccharum</b> variety <b>Rugélii</b> (Pax) Rehder. This variety of the sugar maple has leaves much wider than long, smaller and 3-lobed. The lobes are long acuminate and usually entire, sometimes the lower lobe has a small lobe near the base. This variety is included in our @@ -9162,7 +9147,7 @@ range of difference in the shape of the leaves of the typical 5-lobed easily found. The leaves of a tree will vary most on those trees whose average shaped leaves are farthest from the typical form.</p> -<p><a name="Acer_saccharum_5b" id="Acer_saccharum_5b"></a><b>5b. Acer saccharum</b> variety <b>Schnckii</b> Rehder. This variety in +<p><a name="Acer_saccharum_5b" id="Acer_saccharum_5b"></a><b>5b. Acer saccharum</b> variety <b>Schnéckii</b> Rehder. This variety in its extreme form is well marked by having the petioles and under surface of the leaves densely covered with hairs. The variety is characterized by having a "fulvous pubescence," but the 18 specimens at hand show @@ -9179,10 +9164,10 @@ and Vanderburgh counties.</p> <p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_251" id="Page_251">[251]</a></span></p> -<h2><a name="AESCULACEAE" id="AESCULACEAE"></a><b>AESCULCEAE.</b> <span class="smcap">The Buckeye Family.</span></h2> +<h2><a name="AESCULACEAE" id="AESCULACEAE"></a><b>AESCULÀCEAE.</b> <span class="smcap">The Buckeye Family.</span></h2> -<p class="caption2nb"><a name="AESCULUS" id="AESCULUS"></a><b>ASCULUS.</b> <span class="smcap">The Buckeyes.</span></p> +<p class="caption2nb"><a name="AESCULUS" id="AESCULUS"></a><b>AÉSCULUS.</b> <span class="smcap">The Buckeyes.</span></p> <p>Trees with dark or ashy-gray colored bark; twigs stout; buds large, leaves opposite, palmately divided into 5-9 ovate or oblong divisions, @@ -9203,7 +9188,7 @@ fatal.</p> </table> </div> -<p><a name="Aesculus_glabra" id="Aesculus_glabra"></a><b>1. sculus glbra</b> Willdenow. <span class="smcap">Buckeye.</span> <a href="#Plate_116">Plate 116.</a> Medium to +<p><a name="Aesculus_glabra" id="Aesculus_glabra"></a><b>1. Æsculus glàbra</b> Willdenow. <span class="smcap">Buckeye.</span> <a href="#Plate_116">Plate 116.</a> Medium to large sized trees<a name="FNanchor_62_62" id="FNanchor_62_62"></a><a href="#Footnote_62_62" class="fnanchor">[62]</a>; bark of old trees fissured, not tight; branchlets robust; twigs at first more or less pubescent, remaining more or less hairy until maturity; leaves large, 5-foliate, rarely 6 or 7 foliate, petioles more or @@ -9244,7 +9229,7 @@ Valley especially in Posey County it was a rare tree, or entirely absent.</p> <div class="fig_center"> <img src="images/plate_116.png" width="437" height="585" alt="" title="" /> -<p class="fig_caption">SCULUS GLABRA Willdenow. <span class="smcap">Buckeye.</span> ( <sup>1</sup>/<sub>2</sub>.)</p> +<p class="fig_caption">ÆSCULUS GLABRA Willdenow. <span class="smcap">Buckeye.</span> (× <sup>1</sup>/<sub>2</sub>.)</p> </div> <p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_253" id="Page_253">[253]</a></span></p> @@ -9256,7 +9241,7 @@ which appear early are features which recommend it for shade tree and ornamental planting. The tree has now become so rare in Indiana as to have no economic importance.</p> -<p><a name="Aesculus_octandra" id="Aesculus_octandra"></a><b>2. sculus octndra</b> Marshall. <span class="smcap">Buckeye. Sweet Buckeye.</span> +<p><a name="Aesculus_octandra" id="Aesculus_octandra"></a><b>2. Æsculus octándra</b> Marshall. <span class="smcap">Buckeye. Sweet Buckeye.</span> Plate 117. Medium to large sized trees with smooth bark which on old trees becomes more or less scaly. This tree closely resembles the preceding from which it can be easily distinguished by the following characters. @@ -9285,7 +9270,7 @@ the tulip tree for which wood it is commonly sold. Too rare in Indiana to be of economic importance. Young<a name="FNanchor_64_64" id="FNanchor_64_64"></a><a href="#Footnote_64_64" class="fnanchor">[64]</a> reported a purple flowered form of buckeye from Jefferson County, but since no specimen was preserved and the size of the plant is not given, it will not be considered here. The -form was reported as rare under the name of <b>sculus flava</b> var. <b>purpurascens</b>.</p> +form was reported as rare under the name of <b>Æsculus flava</b> var. <b>purpurascens</b>.</p> <p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_254" id="Page_254">[254]</a></span></p> @@ -9293,7 +9278,7 @@ form was reported as rare under the name of <b>sculus flava</b> var. <b>purpura <div class="fig_center"> <img src="images/plate_117.png" width="445" height="591" alt="" title="" /> -<p class="fig_caption">AESCULUS OCTANDRA Marshall. <span class="smcap">Sweet Buckeye.</span> ( <sup>1</sup>/<sub>2</sub>.)</p> +<p class="fig_caption">AESCULUS OCTANDRA Marshall. <span class="smcap">Sweet Buckeye.</span> (× <sup>1</sup>/<sub>2</sub>.)</p> </div> <hr class="chap" /> @@ -9301,10 +9286,10 @@ form was reported as rare under the name of <b>sculus flava</b> var. <b>purpura <p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_255" id="Page_255">[255]</a></span></p> -<h2><a name="TILIACEAE" id="TILIACEAE"></a>TILICEAE. <span class="smcap">The Linden Family.</span></h2> +<h2><a name="TILIACEAE" id="TILIACEAE"></a>TILIÀCEAE. <span class="smcap">The Linden Family.</span></h2> -<p class="caption2nb"><a name="TILIA" id="TILIA"></a>TLIA. <span class="smcap">The Basswoods.</span></p> +<p class="caption2nb"><a name="TILIA" id="TILIA"></a>TÍLIA. <span class="smcap">The Basswoods.</span></p> <p>Trees with medium sized twigs; leaves alternate, mostly taper-pointed, oblique cordate or truncate at the base, serrate; flowers in @@ -9325,7 +9310,7 @@ nut-like, woody, 1-celled.</p> </table> </div> -<p><a name="Tilia_glabra" id="Tilia_glabra"></a><b>1. Tilia glbra</b> Ventenat (<i>Tilia americana</i> Linnus of authors). +<p><a name="Tilia_glabra" id="Tilia_glabra"></a><b>1. Tilia glàbra</b> Ventenat (<i>Tilia americana</i> Linnæus of authors). <span class="smcap">Linn. Basswood.</span> <a href="#Plate_118">Plate 118.</a> Medium to large sized trees with deeply furrowed bark, much resembling that of white ash or black walnut; twigs when chewed somewhat mucilaginous, usually somewhat @@ -9368,7 +9353,7 @@ supply of this species in Indiana is now practically exhausted.</p> <div class="fig_center"> <img src="images/plate_118.png" width="435" height="582" alt="" title="" /> -<p class="fig_caption">TILIA GLABRA Ventenat. <span class="smcap">Linn or Basswood.</span> ( <sup>1</sup>/<sub>2</sub>.)</p> +<p class="fig_caption">TILIA GLABRA Ventenat. <span class="smcap">Linn or Basswood.</span> (× <sup>1</sup>/<sub>2</sub>.)</p> </div> <p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_257" id="Page_257">[257]</a></span></p> @@ -9427,7 +9412,7 @@ may be <i>Tilia neglecta</i> which is said to be found just west in Illinois.</p <div class="fig_center"> <img src="images/plate_119.png" width="427" height="587" alt="" title="" /> -<p class="fig_caption">TILIA HETEROPHYLLA Ventenat. <span class="smcap">White Basswood.</span> ( <sup>1</sup>/<sub>2</sub>.)</p> +<p class="fig_caption">TILIA HETEROPHYLLA Ventenat. <span class="smcap">White Basswood.</span> (× <sup>1</sup>/<sub>2</sub>.)</p> </div> <p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_259" id="Page_259">[259]</a></span></p> @@ -9453,7 +9438,7 @@ of <i>Tilia</i>, and the present arrangement should be accepted as provisional.< <hr class="chap" /> -<h2><a name="CORNACEAE" id="CORNACEAE"></a>CORNCEAE. <span class="smcap">The Dogwood Family.</span></h2> +<h2><a name="CORNACEAE" id="CORNACEAE"></a>CORNÀCEAE. <span class="smcap">The Dogwood Family.</span></h2> <p>Trees or shrubs; leaves simple, alternate, opposite or whorled; fruit @@ -9476,7 +9461,7 @@ mostly a drupe, 1 or 2 seeded.</p> <p class="caption2nb"><a name="NYSSA" id="NYSSA"></a><b>1. NYSSA.</b> <span class="smcap">The Tupelos.</span></p> -<p><a name="Nyssa_sylvatica" id="Nyssa_sylvatica"></a><b>Nyssa sylvtica</b> Marshall. <span class="smcap">Gum. Black Gum. Sour Gum. +<p><a name="Nyssa_sylvatica" id="Nyssa_sylvatica"></a><b>Nyssa sylvática</b> Marshall. <span class="smcap">Gum. Black Gum. Sour Gum. Yellow Gum.</span> Pepperidge. <a href="#Plate_120">Plate 120.</a> Medium to large sized trees; bark on old trees deeply and irregularly furrowed, the ridges broken up into small lengths; twigs at first pubescent, becoming glabrous; @@ -9497,7 +9482,7 @@ each end and with 10-12 indistinct ribs.</p> <div class="fig_center"> <img src="images/plate_120.png" width="445" height="590" alt="" title="" /> -<p class="fig_caption">NYSSA SYLVATICA Marshall. <span class="smcap">Black Gum.</span> ( <sup>1</sup>/<sub>2</sub>.)</p> +<p class="fig_caption">NYSSA SYLVATICA Marshall. <span class="smcap">Black Gum.</span> (× <sup>1</sup>/<sub>2</sub>.)</p> </div> <p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_261" id="Page_261">[261]</a></span></p> @@ -9527,9 +9512,9 @@ trunk is more or less crooked. The crown when grown in the open is usually pyramidal, composed of horizontal crooked branches.</p> -<p class="caption2nb"><a name="CORNUS" id="CORNUS"></a><b>2. CRNUS.</b> <span class="smcap">Dogwood.</span></p> +<p class="caption2nb"><a name="CORNUS" id="CORNUS"></a><b>2. CÒRNUS.</b> <span class="smcap">Dogwood.</span></p> -<p><a name="Cornus_florida" id="Cornus_florida"></a><b>Cornus flrida</b> Linnus. <span class="smcap">Dogwood.</span> <span class="smcap">Flowering Dogwood.</span> +<p><a name="Cornus_florida" id="Cornus_florida"></a><b>Cornus flórida</b> Linnæus. <span class="smcap">Dogwood.</span> <span class="smcap">Flowering Dogwood.</span> Plate 121. Usually a small tree<a name="FNanchor_67_67" id="FNanchor_67_67"></a><a href="#Footnote_67_67" class="fnanchor">[67]</a> 1-2 dm. in diameter; bark deeply fissured, the ridges divided into short oblong, pieces; branchlets slender, in winter condition turning up at the tips; twigs green and smooth or @@ -9553,7 +9538,7 @@ fruit; stone elliptic and pointed at each end.</p> <div class="fig_center"> <img src="images/plate_121.png" width="429" height="587" alt="" title="" /> -<p class="fig_caption">CORNUS FLORIDA Linnus. <span class="smcap">Dogwood.</span> ( <sup>1</sup>/<sub>2</sub>.)</p> +<p class="fig_caption">CORNUS FLORIDA Linnæus. <span class="smcap">Dogwood.</span> (× <sup>1</sup>/<sub>2</sub>.)</p> </div> <p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_263" id="Page_263">[263]</a></span></p> @@ -9587,10 +9572,10 @@ tree, should be used to fill in the hole where it is planted.</p> <hr class="chap" /> -<h2><a name="ERICACEAE" id="ERICACEAE"></a><b>ERICCEAE.</b> <span class="smcap">The Heath Family.</span></h2> +<h2><a name="ERICACEAE" id="ERICACEAE"></a><b>ERICÀCEAE.</b> <span class="smcap">The Heath Family.</span></h2> -<p><a name="Oxydendrum_arboreum" id="Oxydendrum_arboreum"></a><b>Oxydndrum arbreum</b> (Linnus) DeCandolle. <span class="smcap">Sour Wood.</span> +<p><a name="Oxydendrum_arboreum" id="Oxydendrum_arboreum"></a><b>Oxydéndrum arbòreum</b> (Linnæus) DeCandolle. <span class="smcap">Sour Wood.</span> <span class="smcap">Sorrel Tree.</span> <a href="#Plate_122">Plate 122.</a> Small trees with a gray and deeply fissured bark, much resembling that of a young sweet gum tree; twigs and branchlets greenish and smooth; leaves alternate, on petioles about a @@ -9611,8 +9596,8 @@ about the same length, maturing in autumn.</p> <div class="fig_center"> <img src="images/plate_122.png" width="428" height="585" alt="" title="" /> -<p class="fig_caption">OXYDENDRUM ARBOREUM (Linnus) DeCandolle. <span class="smcap">Sour Wood.</span> <span class="smcap">Sorrel -Tree.</span> ( <sup>1</sup>/<sub>2</sub>.)</p> +<p class="fig_caption">OXYDENDRUM ARBOREUM (Linnæus) DeCandolle. <span class="smcap">Sour Wood.</span> <span class="smcap">Sorrel +Tree.</span> (× <sup>1</sup>/<sub>2</sub>.)</p> </div> <p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_265" id="Page_265">[265]</a></span></p> @@ -9632,10 +9617,10 @@ he called the tree "arrow wood."</p> <hr class="chap" /> -<h2><a name="EBENACEAE" id="EBENACEAE"></a><b>EBENCEAE.</b> <span class="smcap">The Ebony Family.</span></h2> +<h2><a name="EBENACEAE" id="EBENACEAE"></a><b>EBENÀCEAE.</b> <span class="smcap">The Ebony Family.</span></h2> -<p><a name="Diospyros_virginiana" id="Diospyros_virginiana"></a><b>Diospyros virginina</b> Linnus. <span class="smcap">Persimmon.</span> <a href="#Plate_123">Plate 123.</a> Small +<p><a name="Diospyros_virginiana" id="Diospyros_virginiana"></a><b>Diospyros virginiàna</b> Linnæus. <span class="smcap">Persimmon.</span> <a href="#Plate_123">Plate 123.</a> Small or medium sized trees with deeply and irregularly fissured bark, the ridges broken up into short lengths; twigs pubescent; leaves alternate, oval, oblong-oval or ovate, generally 8-15 cm. long and 3-7 cm. wide, @@ -9670,7 +9655,7 @@ on the high sandy ridges of Knox and Sullivan Counties.</p> <div class="fig_center"> <img src="images/plate_123.png" width="448" height="591" alt="" title="" /> -<p class="fig_caption">DIOSPYROS VIRGINIANA Linnus. <span class="smcap">Persimmon.</span> ( <sup>1</sup>/<sub>2</sub>.)</p> +<p class="fig_caption">DIOSPYROS VIRGINIANA Linnæus. <span class="smcap">Persimmon.</span> (× <sup>1</sup>/<sub>2</sub>.)</p> </div> <p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_267" id="Page_267">[267]</a></span></p> @@ -9702,7 +9687,7 @@ Indiana the tree is too rare to furnish much lumber.</p> <hr class="chap" /> -<h2><a name="OLEACEAE" id="OLEACEAE"></a><b>OLECEAE.</b> <span class="smcap">The Olive Family.</span></h2> +<h2><a name="OLEACEAE" id="OLEACEAE"></a><b>OLEÀCEAE.</b> <span class="smcap">The Olive Family.</span></h2> <div class="center" style="width:95%;"> @@ -9719,7 +9704,7 @@ Indiana the tree is too rare to furnish much lumber.</p> </div> -<p class="caption2nb"><b>1. <a name="FRAXINUS" id="FRAXINUS"></a>FRXINUS.</b> <span class="smcap">The Ashes.</span></p> +<p class="caption2nb"><b>1. <a name="FRAXINUS" id="FRAXINUS"></a>FRÁXINUS.</b> <span class="smcap">The Ashes.</span></p> <p>Trees with opposite, odd-pinnate leaves; flowers appear in April or May in clusters from the axils of last year's leaves, the staminate @@ -9788,7 +9773,7 @@ samara.</p> </table> </div> -<p><a name="Fraxinus_americana" id="Fraxinus_americana"></a><b>1. Fraxinus americna</b> Linnus. +<p><a name="Fraxinus_americana" id="Fraxinus_americana"></a><b>1. Fraxinus americàna</b> Linnæus. <span class="smcap">White Ash.</span> <span class="smcap">Gray Ash.</span> <a href="#Plate_124">Plate 124.</a> Large trees with deeply furrowed bark; twigs smooth, greenish gray and often covered with a bloom; leaves generally 2-3.5 dm. long, @@ -9828,7 +9813,7 @@ Sargent as variety <b>subcoriacea</b><a name="FNanchor_68_68" id="FNanchor_68_68 <div class="fig_center"> <img src="images/plate_124.png" width="426" height="585" alt="" title="" /> -<p class="fig_caption">FRAXINUS AMERICANA Linnus. <span class="smcap">White Ash.</span> ( <sup>1</sup>/<sub>2</sub>.)</p> +<p class="fig_caption">FRAXINUS AMERICANA Linnæus. <span class="smcap">White Ash.</span> (× <sup>1</sup>/<sub>2</sub>.)</p> </div> <p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_270" id="Page_270">[270]</a></span></p> @@ -9862,9 +9847,9 @@ are not always true to name. For this reason it is suggested that to obtain seedlings true to name that seed be collected and planted from a tree true to name. The seed should be planted in a sandy soil in rows, about 25 seeds to the foot, and covered about an inch deep with -earth. The trees should be planted 44 ft. to 88 ft. apart.</p> +earth. The trees should be planted 4×4 ft. to 8×8 ft. apart.</p> -<p><a name="Fraxinus_biltmoreana" id="Fraxinus_biltmoreana"></a><b>2. Fraxinus biltmorena</b> Beadle. +<p><a name="Fraxinus_biltmoreana" id="Fraxinus_biltmoreana"></a><b>2. Fraxinus biltmoreàna</b> Beadle. <span class="smcap">Biltmore Ash.</span> <a href="#Plate_125">Plate 125.</a> Large forest trees, resembling the white ash. Young trees acquire the furrowed bark character earlier than the white ash, furrows of the bark of mature @@ -9886,7 +9871,7 @@ fruit similar to the preceding species.</p> <div class="fig_center"> <img src="images/plate_125.png" width="441" height="591" alt="" title="" /> -<p class="fig_caption">FRAXINUS BILTMOREANA Beadle. <span class="smcap">Biltmore Ash.</span> ( <sup>1</sup>/<sub>2</sub>.)</p> +<p class="fig_caption">FRAXINUS BILTMOREANA Beadle. <span class="smcap">Biltmore Ash.</span> (× <sup>1</sup>/<sub>2</sub>.)</p> </div> <p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_272" id="Page_272">[272]</a></span></p> @@ -9934,12 +9919,12 @@ species.<a name="FNanchor_70_70" id="FNanchor_70_70"></a><a href="#Footnote_70_7 <div class="fig_center"> <img src="images/plate_126.png" width="426" height="585" alt="" title="" /> -<p class="fig_caption">FRAXINUS LANCEOLATA Borkhausen. <span class="smcap">Green Ash.</span> ( <sup>1</sup>/<sub>2</sub>.)</p> +<p class="fig_caption">FRAXINUS LANCEOLATA Borkhausen. <span class="smcap">Green Ash.</span> (× <sup>1</sup>/<sub>2</sub>.)</p> </div> <p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_274" id="Page_274">[274]</a></span></p> -<p><a name="Fraxinus_lanceolata" id="Fraxinus_lanceolata"></a><b>3. Fraxinus lanceolta</b> Borckhausen. <span class="smcap">White Ash. Green Ash. +<p><a name="Fraxinus_lanceolata" id="Fraxinus_lanceolata"></a><b>3. Fraxinus lanceolàta</b> Borckhausen. <span class="smcap">White Ash. Green Ash. Swamp Ash.</span> <a href="#Plate_126">Plate 126.</a> Medium to large sized trees with fissured bark, the ridges and furrows narrower than those of the white ash; twigs slender and glabrous at maturity; leaves generally 2-3 dm. long, @@ -9998,12 +9983,12 @@ of ash in the cold and dry regions of the West and Northwest.</p> <div class="fig_center"> <img src="images/plate_127.png" width="413" height="583" alt="" title="" /> -<p class="fig_caption">FRAXINUS PENNSYLVANICA <span class="smcap">Marshall. Red Ash.</span> ( <sup>1</sup>/<sub>2</sub>.)</p> +<p class="fig_caption">FRAXINUS PENNSYLVANICA <span class="smcap">Marshall. Red Ash.</span> (× <sup>1</sup>/<sub>2</sub>.)</p> </div> <p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_276" id="Page_276">[276]</a></span></p> -<p><a name="Fraxinus_pennsylvanica" id="Fraxinus_pennsylvanica"></a><b>4. Fraxinus pennsylvnica</b> Marshall. <span class="smcap">Red Ash. White +<p><a name="Fraxinus_pennsylvanica" id="Fraxinus_pennsylvanica"></a><b>4. Fraxinus pennsylvánica</b> Marshall. <span class="smcap">Red Ash. White Ash. Swamp Ash.</span> <a href="#Plate_127">Plate 127.</a> Usually medium sized trees much like the preceding; twigs velvety pubescent at maturity; leaves generally 2-3 dm. long, rachis pubescent; leaflets 5-9, usually 7, generally @@ -10034,7 +10019,7 @@ fruit.</p> sold as that species. In mechanical qualities it is on a par with the green ash.</p> -<p><a name="Fraxinus_profunda" id="Fraxinus_profunda"></a><b>5. Fraxinus profnda</b> Bush. +<p><a name="Fraxinus_profunda" id="Fraxinus_profunda"></a><b>5. Fraxinus profúnda</b> Bush. <span class="smcap">Swell-butt Ash.</span> <a href="#Plate_128">Plate 128.</a> Medium or large trees with fissured bark similar to the white ash; twigs robust and velvety pubescent at least while young; leaves generally @@ -10060,7 +10045,7 @@ terminal.</p> <div class="fig_center"> <img src="images/plate_128.png" width="439" height="583" alt="" title="" /> -<p class="fig_caption">FRAXINUS PROFUNDA Bush. <span class="smcap">Swell-butt</span> or <span class="smcap">Pumpkin Ash</span>. ( <sup>1</sup>/<sub>2</sub>.)</p> +<p class="fig_caption">FRAXINUS PROFUNDA Bush. <span class="smcap">Swell-butt</span> or <span class="smcap">Pumpkin Ash</span>. (× <sup>1</sup>/<sub>2</sub>.)</p> </div> <p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_278" id="Page_278">[278]</a></span></p> @@ -10084,7 +10069,7 @@ past few years when ash became scarce. During the past few years most of the deep river and cypress swamps have been invaded and all of the ash cut.</p> -<p><a name="Fraxinus_quadrangulata" id="Fraxinus_quadrangulata"></a><b>6. Fraxinus quadrangulta</b> Michaux. +<p><a name="Fraxinus_quadrangulata" id="Fraxinus_quadrangulata"></a><b>6. Fraxinus quadrangulàta</b> Michaux. <span class="smcap">Blue Ash.</span> <a href="#Plate_129">Plate 129.</a> Medium to large sized trees with light gray bark, not regularly fissured, scaly at least above; twigs and branchlets more or less distinctly 4-angled, @@ -10123,7 +10108,7 @@ in circumference breast high.</p> <div class="fig_center"> <img src="images/plate_129.png" width="425" height="586" alt="" title="" /> -<p class="fig_caption">FRAXINUS QUADRANGULATA Michaux. <span class="smcap">Blue Ash.</span> ( <sup>1</sup>/<sub>2</sub>.)</p> +<p class="fig_caption">FRAXINUS QUADRANGULATA Michaux. <span class="smcap">Blue Ash.</span> (× <sup>1</sup>/<sub>2</sub>.)</p> </div> <p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_280" id="Page_280">[280]</a></span></p> @@ -10142,7 +10127,7 @@ of the wood are practically the same as the white ash.</p> of the black ash, from which it can be distinguished by its greenish-yellow foliage and the habitat in which it grows.</p> -<p><a name="Fraxinus_nigra" id="Fraxinus_nigra"></a><b>7. Fraxinus ngra</b> Marshall. <span class="smcap">Black Ash.</span> <a href="#Plate_130">Plate 130.</a> Medium +<p><a name="Fraxinus_nigra" id="Fraxinus_nigra"></a><b>7. Fraxinus nìgra</b> Marshall. <span class="smcap">Black Ash.</span> <a href="#Plate_130">Plate 130.</a> Medium sized, tall and straight trees with a light gray bark, broken up into small thin plates on old trunks; twigs round, robust and smooth at maturity; leaves 2.5-4 dm. long, leaflets generally 7-11 and 7-13 cm. long, sessile, @@ -10178,7 +10163,7 @@ swamps.</p> <div class="fig_center"> <img src="images/plate_130.png" width="436" height="580" alt="" title="" /> -<p class="fig_caption">FRAXINUS NIGRA Marshall. <span class="smcap">Black Ash.</span> ( <sup>1</sup>/<sub>2</sub>.)</p> +<p class="fig_caption">FRAXINUS NIGRA Marshall. <span class="smcap">Black Ash.</span> (× <sup>1</sup>/<sub>2</sub>.)</p> </div> <p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_282" id="Page_282">[282]</a></span></p> @@ -10195,9 +10180,9 @@ etc. The black burls of the trunk are much sought for by veneer manufacturers.</p> -<p class="caption2nb"><a name="ADELIA" id="ADELIA"></a><b>2. ADLIA.</b></p> +<p class="caption2nb"><a name="ADELIA" id="ADELIA"></a><b>2. ADÈLIA.</b></p> -<p><a name="Adelia_acuminata" id="Adelia_acuminata"></a><b>Adlia acuminta Michaux.</b> <span class="smcap">Pond Brush.</span> <span class="smcap">Crooked Brush,</span> +<p><a name="Adelia_acuminata" id="Adelia_acuminata"></a><b>Adèlia acuminàta Michaux.</b> <span class="smcap">Pond Brush.</span> <span class="smcap">Crooked Brush,</span> Plate 131. Small trees, or shrub like, with gray smooth bark, becoming rough or fissured on large trees, the ridges short and broken; branchlets numerous and somewhat spiny; twigs glabrous; leaves opposite @@ -10236,7 +10221,7 @@ privet" but in the area where it grows it is not known by that name.</p> <div class="fig_center"> <img src="images/plate_131.png" width="438" height="589" alt="" title="" /> -<p class="fig_caption">ADELIA ACUMINATA Michaux. <span class="smcap">Pond Brush. Crooked Brush.</span> ( <sup>1</sup>/<sub>2</sub>.)</p> +<p class="fig_caption">ADELIA ACUMINATA Michaux. <span class="smcap">Pond Brush. Crooked Brush.</span> (× <sup>1</sup>/<sub>2</sub>.)</p> </div> <hr class="chap" /> @@ -10244,10 +10229,10 @@ privet" but in the area where it grows it is not known by that name.</p> <p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_284" id="Page_284">[284]</a></span></p> -<h2><a name="BIGNONIACEAE" id="BIGNONIACEAE"></a>BIGNONICEAE. <span class="smcap">The Trumpet Creeper Family.</span></h2> +<h2><a name="BIGNONIACEAE" id="BIGNONIACEAE"></a>BIGNONIÀCEAE. <span class="smcap">The Trumpet Creeper Family.</span></h2> -<p class="caption2nb"><a name="CATALPA" id="CATALPA"></a><b>CATLPA.</b> <span class="smcap">The Catalpas.</span></p> +<p class="caption2nb"><a name="CATALPA" id="CATALPA"></a><b>CATÁLPA.</b> <span class="smcap">The Catalpas.</span></p> <p>Leaves simple, opposite or whorled, with long petioles; flowers in terminal panicles or corymbs; fruit a long round pod which splits into @@ -10272,8 +10257,8 @@ is difficult to find typical specimens.</p> </table> </div> -<p><a name="Catalpa_bignonioides" id="Catalpa_bignonioides"></a><b>1. Catalpa bignoniodes</b> Walter. Catalpa. (<i>Catalpa Catalpa</i> -(Linnus) Karsten). <a href="#Plate_132">Plate 132.</a> Medium to large sized trees, usually +<p><a name="Catalpa_bignonioides" id="Catalpa_bignonioides"></a><b>1. Catalpa bignonioìdes</b> Walter. Catalpa. (<i>Catalpa Catalpa</i> +(Linnæus) Karsten). <a href="#Plate_132">Plate 132.</a> Medium to large sized trees, usually with a trunk 1-3 meters in length, and a wide crown; bark a grayish-brown, scaly and flaking off in small thin plates; leaves ovate, blades usually 1.5-2 dm. long, cordate at the base, taper-pointed at apex, @@ -10303,7 +10288,7 @@ been known the next species is usually substituted for it.</p> <div class="fig_center"> <img src="images/plate_132.png" width="430" height="540" alt="" title="" /> -<p class="fig_caption">CATALPA BIGNONIOIDES Walter. <span class="smcap">Catalpa.</span> ( <sup>1</sup>/<sub>2</sub>.)</p> +<p class="fig_caption">CATALPA BIGNONIOIDES Walter. <span class="smcap">Catalpa.</span> (× <sup>1</sup>/<sub>2</sub>.)</p> </div> <p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_286" id="Page_286">[286]</a></span></p> @@ -10312,12 +10297,12 @@ been known the next species is usually substituted for it.</p> <div class="fig_center"> <img src="images/plate_133.png" width="387" height="546" alt="" title="" /> -<p class="fig_caption">CATALPA SPECIOSA Warder. <span class="smcap">Catalpa. Hardy Catalpa.</span> ( <sup>1</sup>/<sub>2</sub>.)</p> +<p class="fig_caption">CATALPA SPECIOSA Warder. <span class="smcap">Catalpa. Hardy Catalpa.</span> (× <sup>1</sup>/<sub>2</sub>.)</p> </div> <p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_287" id="Page_287">[287]</a></span></p> -<p><a name="Catalpa_speciosa" id="Catalpa_speciosa"></a><b>2. Catalpa specisa</b> Warder. <span class="smcap">Catalpa. Hardy Catalpa. Catalfa.</span> +<p><a name="Catalpa_speciosa" id="Catalpa_speciosa"></a><b>2. Catalpa speciòsa</b> Warder. <span class="smcap">Catalpa. Hardy Catalpa. Catalfa.</span> Plate 133. Medium to large sized trees with long and rather straight trunks when grown in the forest; bark dark grayish-brown, fissured and much resembling the bark of a linden or black walnut in @@ -10373,7 +10358,7 @@ enough in our area to definitely conclude that it should not be planted in any part of Indiana for economic purposes. The range of the catalpa sphinx which defoliates the tree is rapidly increasing, and now ranges as far north as Wells County. In the southern part of the State the trees -are usually defoliated twice each year by the larv of this insect, and as +are usually defoliated twice each year by the larvæ of this insect, and as a consequence the trees make very little growth, and some owners of plantations have abandoned them on this account. A new insect is appearing which kills the young shoots, which will interfere with the @@ -10391,12 +10376,12 @@ and as a specimen tree in parks, etc. It is not a desirable street tree.</p> <hr class="chap" /> -<h2><a name="CAPRIFOLIACEAE" id="CAPRIFOLIACEAE"></a><b>CAPRIFOLICEAE.</b> <span class="smcap">The Honeysuckle Family.</span></h2> +<h2><a name="CAPRIFOLIACEAE" id="CAPRIFOLIACEAE"></a><b>CAPRIFOLIÀCEAE.</b> <span class="smcap">The Honeysuckle Family.</span></h2> -<p class="caption2nb"><a name="VIBURNUM" id="VIBURNUM"></a><b>VIBRNUM.</b> <span class="smcap">The Viburnums.</span></p> +<p class="caption2nb"><a name="VIBURNUM" id="VIBURNUM"></a><b>VIBÚRNUM.</b> <span class="smcap">The Viburnums.</span></p> -<p><a name="Viburnum_prunifolium" id="Viburnum_prunifolium"></a><b>Viburnum pruniflium</b> Linnus. <span class="smcap">Black Haw.</span> <a href="#Plate_134">Plate 134.</a> Small +<p><a name="Viburnum_prunifolium" id="Viburnum_prunifolium"></a><b>Viburnum prunifòlium</b> Linnæus. <span class="smcap">Black Haw.</span> <a href="#Plate_134">Plate 134.</a> Small trees or shrubs; bark of old trees reddish-brown, furrowed and the ridges broken into short lengths; leaves simple, opposite, on petioles 0.5-1.5 cm. long; the lower pairs of leaves are generally smaller and have @@ -10421,7 +10406,7 @@ late autumn; stone oval and very flat.</p> <div class="fig_center"> <img src="images/plate_134.png" width="439" height="586" alt="" title="" /> -<p class="fig_caption">VIBURNUM PRUNIFOLIUM Linnus. <span class="smcap">Black Haw.</span> ( <sup>1</sup>/<sub>2</sub>.)</p> +<p class="fig_caption">VIBURNUM PRUNIFOLIUM Linnæus. <span class="smcap">Black Haw.</span> (× <sup>1</sup>/<sub>2</sub>.)</p> </div> <p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_290" id="Page_290">[290]</a></span></p> @@ -10455,14 +10440,14 @@ It is needless to say that critical examination has been given doubtful species, and doubtful records, and every effort possible has been made to validate them.</p> -<p><a name="Pinus_echinata" id="Pinus_echinata"></a><b>Pinus echinta</b> Miller. <span class="smcap">Short-leaf Pine.</span> This species does not +<p><a name="Pinus_echinata" id="Pinus_echinata"></a><b>Pinus echinàta</b> Miller. <span class="smcap">Short-leaf Pine.</span> This species does not occur in our area and all reference to it should be transferred to <i>Pinus virginiana</i>. References to this species are instances of wrong determination.</p> -<p><a name="Pinus_resinosa" id="Pinus_resinosa"></a><b>Pinus resinsa</b> Aiton. <span class="smcap">Norway Pine.</span> This species was reported +<p><a name="Pinus_resinosa" id="Pinus_resinosa"></a><b>Pinus resinòsa</b> Aiton. <span class="smcap">Norway Pine.</span> This species was reported as an escape in Wabash County by Coulter<a name="FNanchor_72_72" id="FNanchor_72_72"></a><a href="#Footnote_72_72" class="fnanchor">[72]</a> for Jenkins.</p> -<p><a name="Pinus_rigida" id="Pinus_rigida"></a><b>Pinus rgida</b> Miller. <span class="smcap">Pitch Pine.</span> Baird and Taylor<a name="FNanchor_73_73" id="FNanchor_73_73"></a><a href="#Footnote_73_73" class="fnanchor">[73]</a> reported this +<p><a name="Pinus_rigida" id="Pinus_rigida"></a><b>Pinus rígida</b> Miller. <span class="smcap">Pitch Pine.</span> Baird and Taylor<a name="FNanchor_73_73" id="FNanchor_73_73"></a><a href="#Footnote_73_73" class="fnanchor">[73]</a> reported this species for Clark County. The range of this species is to the east of our area. They also reported <i>Pinus Strobus</i>, which has not been seen since they reported it, and they failed to report <i>Pinus virginiana</i> which is a @@ -10472,7 +10457,7 @@ of Clark County shows that they did little or no collecting in the escapes, and it is believed that their reference to <i>Pinus rigida</i> and <i>Pinus Strobus</i> should be regarded as to cultivated trees.</p> -<p><a name="Abies_balsamea" id="Abies_balsamea"></a><b>bies balsmea</b> (Linnus.) Miller. <span class="smcap">Balsam Fir.</span> Heimlich<a name="FNanchor_74_74" id="FNanchor_74_74"></a><a href="#Footnote_74_74" class="fnanchor">[74]</a> +<p><a name="Abies_balsamea" id="Abies_balsamea"></a><b>Àbies balsàmea</b> (Linnæus.) Miller. <span class="smcap">Balsam Fir.</span> Heimlich<a name="FNanchor_74_74" id="FNanchor_74_74"></a><a href="#Footnote_74_74" class="fnanchor">[74]</a> reports this as occurring in Porter County about Dune Park. He cites for his authority Bot. Gaz. Vol. 27: Apr. 1899. The article referred to is Cowles' article on the flora of the sand dunes of Lake Michigan, in @@ -10483,7 +10468,7 @@ found in Indiana.</p> <p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_291" id="Page_291">[291]</a></span></p> -<p><a name="Chamaecyparis_thyoides" id="Chamaecyparis_thyoides"></a><b>Chamcyparis thyodes</b> (Linnus) Britton, Sterns and Poggenberg. +<p><a name="Chamaecyparis_thyoides" id="Chamaecyparis_thyoides"></a><b>Chamæcyparis thyoìdes</b> (Linnæus) Britton, Sterns and Poggenberg. <span class="smcap">White Cedar</span>. The range of this species is east of the Alleghany mountains and no doubt was never native in our area. The first reference to it is by Dr. Drake in his Picture of Cincinnati, published in @@ -10496,7 +10481,7 @@ to receive serious consideration. Coulter<a name="FNanchor_77_77" id="FNanchor_7 Allen County on the authority of Dr. C. R. Dryer. I saw Dr. Dryer recently and he says he has no recollections about it.</p> -<p><a name="Juniperus_communis" id="Juniperus_communis"></a><b>Juniperus commnis</b> Linnus. <span class="smcap">Juniper.</span> This species has been +<p><a name="Juniperus_communis" id="Juniperus_communis"></a><b>Juniperus commùnis</b> Linnæus. <span class="smcap">Juniper.</span> This species has been reported from all parts of the State. The distribution of the species is to the north of Indiana, and examining herbarium specimens it is found that subulate forms of <i>Juniperus virginiana</i> are frequently named @@ -10509,7 +10494,7 @@ to the decumbent variety. VanGorder's and Bradner's records may also be the decumbent form. Heimlich's record I regard as an error, see remarks under <i>Abies balsamea</i>.</p> -<p><a name="Populus_balsamifera" id="Populus_balsamifera"></a><b>Populus balsamfera</b> Linnus. <span class="smcap">Balsam Poplar</span>. This species +<p><a name="Populus_balsamifera" id="Populus_balsamifera"></a><b>Populus balsamífera</b> Linnæus. <span class="smcap">Balsam Poplar</span>. This species was reported by Bradner for Steuben County. In a letter from the late Prof. Bradner, he said he had no specimen and had no recollection of the tree. J. M. Coulter reported it for Jefferson County, but Young @@ -10524,16 +10509,16 @@ is to the north of Indiana, it is here proposed to drop it from our flora. It should be looked for on the "divide" in Steuben County and about Lake Michigan.</p> -<p><a name="Populus_candicans" id="Populus_candicans"></a><b>Populus cndicans</b> Aiton. <span class="smcap">Balm of Gilead</span>. This species has +<p><a name="Populus_candicans" id="Populus_candicans"></a><b>Populus cándicans</b> Aiton. <span class="smcap">Balm of Gilead</span>. This species has been included in a few local floras, but it is believed that it has not yet escaped from cultivation. Phinney<a name="FNanchor_79_79" id="FNanchor_79_79"></a><a href="#Footnote_79_79" class="fnanchor">[79]</a> gives it as "an important timber tree of Delaware County," which is an error.</p> -<p><a name="Populus_nigra" id="Populus_nigra"></a><b>Populus ngra</b> var. <b>itlica</b> Du Roi. <span class="smcap">Lombardy Poplar</span>. Reference +<p><a name="Populus_nigra" id="Populus_nigra"></a><b>Populus nìgra</b> var. <b>itálica</b> Du Roi. <span class="smcap">Lombardy Poplar</span>. Reference is made to this tree by Blatchley<a name="FNanchor_80_80" id="FNanchor_80_80"></a><a href="#Footnote_80_80" class="fnanchor">[80]</a>, Meyncke<a name="FNanchor_81_81" id="FNanchor_81_81"></a><a href="#Footnote_81_81" class="fnanchor">[81]</a> and Nieuwland<a name="FNanchor_82_82" id="FNanchor_82_82"></a><a href="#Footnote_82_82" class="fnanchor">[82]</a> but it is scarcely more than an accidental escape.</p> -<p><a name="Carya_aquatica" id="Carya_aquatica"></a><b>Carya aqutica</b> Nuttall. <span class="smcap">Water Hickory</span>. This species is listed +<p><a name="Carya_aquatica" id="Carya_aquatica"></a><b>Carya aquática</b> Nuttall. <span class="smcap">Water Hickory</span>. This species is listed as one of the principal trees occurring along the Wabash in the Coblenz edition of Prince Maximilan's travels in North America. It is recorded as "Water Bitternut (<i>Juglans aquatica</i>)." If it occurs in our area it @@ -10552,12 +10537,12 @@ since he was no botanist, that he confused the names. Elliott in his Trees of Indiana gives "<i>Carya aquatica</i>" as common, but no doubt this reference should be transferred to some other species.</p> -<p><a name="Carya_myristicaeformis" id="Carya_myristicaeformis"></a><b>Carya myristicfrmis</b> Nuttall. <span class="smcap">Nutmeg Hickory</span>. This tree +<p><a name="Carya_myristicaeformis" id="Carya_myristicaeformis"></a><b>Carya myristicæfórmis</b> Nuttall. <span class="smcap">Nutmeg Hickory</span>. This tree also was reported by Prince Maximilian as occurring along the Wabash River. The known range of the species is from North Carolina to Arkansas, and for this reason the species is not included in this list.</p> -<p><a name="Betula_lenta" id="Betula_lenta"></a><b>Betula lnta</b> Linnus. <span class="smcap">Black Birch</span>. This species has been reported +<p><a name="Betula_lenta" id="Betula_lenta"></a><b>Betula lénta</b> Linnæus. <span class="smcap">Black Birch</span>. This species has been reported for Indiana as occurring in Fulton, Gibson, Miami, Noble, Posey, St. Joseph and Steuben Counties. Sargent<a name="FNanchor_84_84" id="FNanchor_84_84"></a><a href="#Footnote_84_84" class="fnanchor">[84]</a> says: "This species has until recently been badly misunderstood. The range of the species @@ -10569,7 +10554,7 @@ which may be <i>Betula nigra</i>.</p> <p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_293" id="Page_293">[293]</a></span></p> -<p><a name="Castanea_pumila" id="Castanea_pumila"></a><b>Castanea pmila</b> (Linnus) Miller. <span class="smcap">Chinquapin.</span> This species +<p><a name="Castanea_pumila" id="Castanea_pumila"></a><b>Castanea púmila</b> (Linnæus) Miller. <span class="smcap">Chinquapin.</span> This species was given a place in our flora in Coulter's catalogue upon the authority of Sargent, Ridgway and Schneck. Ridgway, in giving an additional list of the trees of the Lower Wabash Valley<a name="FNanchor_85_85" id="FNanchor_85_85"></a><a href="#Footnote_85_85" class="fnanchor">[85]</a> says: "There is some @@ -10580,7 +10565,7 @@ universally applied to the fruit of <i>Quercus Muhlenbergii</i>." The Posey County record was based on a specimen in Dr. Schneck's herbarium, which proves to have been taken from a cultivated tree near Poseyville.</p> -<p><a name="Quercus_ilicifolia" id="Quercus_ilicifolia"></a><b>Quercus iliciflia</b> Wangenheim. <span class="smcap">Bear Oak</span>. This species +<p><a name="Quercus_ilicifolia" id="Quercus_ilicifolia"></a><b>Quercus ilicifòlia</b> Wangenheim. <span class="smcap">Bear Oak</span>. This species is credited to our flora by Will Scott in his ecological study of "The Leesburg Swamp" in Kosciusko County, published in the Indiana Academy of Science, 1905, page 225. In a reply to an inquiry addressed @@ -10598,7 +10583,7 @@ it is believed what Mr. Scott had in hand was a variable form of <i>Quercus velutina</i>, which is frequent in that vicinity. The evidence is not encouraging enough to include it.</p> -<p><a name="Quercus_nigra" id="Quercus_nigra"></a><b>Quercus ngra</b> Linnus. <span class="smcap">Water Oak</span>. This species has been +<p><a name="Quercus_nigra" id="Quercus_nigra"></a><b>Quercus nìgra</b> Linnæus. <span class="smcap">Water Oak</span>. This species has been reported by several authors for Indiana. It is believed that a majority of the records should be transferred to <i>velutina</i> and <i>imbricaria</i> or <i>marylandica</i>. Gorby and Schneck call <i>Quercus nigra</i> black jack oak, @@ -10615,7 +10600,7 @@ species in the State should be dropped.</p> (Deam); Delaware, Jay, Randolph and Wayne (Phinney); Jay (McCaslin); Fountain (Brown); Miami (Gorby); Parke (Hobbs).</p> -<p><a name="Quercus_Phellos" id="Quercus_Phellos"></a><b>Quercus Phllos</b> Linnus. <span class="smcap">Willow Oak</span>. This species has been +<p><a name="Quercus_Phellos" id="Quercus_Phellos"></a><b>Quercus Phéllos</b> Linnæus. <span class="smcap">Willow Oak</span>. This species has been reported from various counties of the State. The tree is said to grow in swamps and on sandy uplands, ranging from Staten Island, New York, south to Florida and west to Texas, and north to southern @@ -10635,7 +10620,7 @@ that species.</p> <p>The published records are as follows: Gibson, Knox and Posey (Schneck); Knox (Thomas); Miami (Gorby).</p> -<p><a name="Quercus_prinoides" id="Quercus_prinoides"></a><b>Quercus prinodes</b> Willdenow. <span class="smcap">Scrub or Dwarf Chestnut Oak</span>. +<p><a name="Quercus_prinoides" id="Quercus_prinoides"></a><b>Quercus prinoìdes</b> Willdenow. <span class="smcap">Scrub or Dwarf Chestnut Oak</span>. Reported for Marshall County by Nieuwland<a name="FNanchor_86_86" id="FNanchor_86_86"></a><a href="#Footnote_86_86" class="fnanchor">[86]</a> on the authority of a specimen deposited in the National Museum collected by Clark. I had this reference checked by E. S. Steele and in a letter to me dated January @@ -10645,7 +10630,7 @@ Since the specimen in question is a very immature one, I propose not to take it into consideration since the range of the species would be extended on a dubious specimen.</p> -<p><a name="Planera_aquatica" id="Planera_aquatica"></a><b>Planra aqutica</b> (Walter) J. F. Gmelin. <span class="smcap">Planer-tree</span>. <span class="smcap">Water +<p><a name="Planera_aquatica" id="Planera_aquatica"></a><b>Planèra aquática</b> (Walter) J. F. Gmelin. <span class="smcap">Planer-tree</span>. <span class="smcap">Water Elm</span>. This tree was included in Coulter's catalogue upon the authority of Sargent, who includes Indiana in the range of the species in his "Forest Trees of North America," Vol. 9, U.S. Census Report, 1880, @@ -10660,7 +10645,7 @@ elm is frequently called water elm, as well as the planer-tree, it is easy to understand how confusion might arise in separating these trees by non-professional people.</p> -<p><a name="Morus_nigra" id="Morus_nigra"></a><b>Morus ngra</b> Linnus. <span class="smcap">Black Mulberry</span>. This species is reported +<p><a name="Morus_nigra" id="Morus_nigra"></a><b>Morus nìgra</b> Linnæus. <span class="smcap">Black Mulberry</span>. This species is reported by Phinney<a name="FNanchor_87_87" id="FNanchor_87_87"></a><a href="#Footnote_87_87" class="fnanchor">[87]</a> as one of the "more important and common forest trees observed in Delaware County." He also enumerates <i>Morus rubra</i>. A splendid example of careless work. This species is reported by Brown<a name="FNanchor_88_88" id="FNanchor_88_88"></a><a href="#Footnote_88_88" class="fnanchor">[88]</a> @@ -10669,7 +10654,7 @@ reported this species as a native forest tree. Since this species is not a native of the United States the citations no doubt should be referred to our native mulberry, <i>Morus rubra</i> (red mulberry).</p> -<p><a name="Ilex_opaca" id="Ilex_opaca"></a><b>lex opca</b> Aiton. <span class="smcap">Holly.</span> This species was included in Coulter's +<p><a name="Ilex_opaca" id="Ilex_opaca"></a><b>Ìlex opàca</b> Aiton. <span class="smcap">Holly.</span> This species was included in Coulter's Catalogue of the Plants of Indiana on the authority of Robert Ridgway. I find no reference to this species in the writings of Ridgway.</p> @@ -10681,7 +10666,7 @@ for Grayson County, Kentucky, which is less than forty miles to the south, it is quite probable that a few trees were found as far north as Indiana.</p> -<p><a name="Acer_pennsylvanicum" id="Acer_pennsylvanicum"></a><b>Acer pennsylvnicum</b> Linnus. <span class="smcap">Moosewood.</span> The only record +<p><a name="Acer_pennsylvanicum" id="Acer_pennsylvanicum"></a><b>Acer pennsylvánicum</b> Linnæus. <span class="smcap">Moosewood.</span> The only record of this species occurring in Indiana is in a report of the Trees occurring along the Wabash River by Prince Maximilian. Since the report does not definitely state where the species was observed or how frequently @@ -10694,7 +10679,7 @@ southern counties or in the vicinity of Lake Michigan. Robert Ridgway says that he and Dr. Schneck saw it growing in a wooded cove near a cavern called Flory's Cave in Johnson County, Illinois.</p> -<p><a name="Nyssa_aquatica" id="Nyssa_aquatica"></a><b>Nyssa aqutica</b> Linnus. <span class="smcap">Tupelo Gum</span>. Several early authors +<p><a name="Nyssa_aquatica" id="Nyssa_aquatica"></a><b>Nyssa aquática</b> Linnæus. <span class="smcap">Tupelo Gum</span>. Several early authors erroneously reported <i>Nyssa sylvatica</i> as this species. This species inhabits deep swamps. Dr. Schneck and Robert Ridgway, recognized<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_296" id="Page_296">[296]</a></span> authorities and best acquainted with the swamp area of the southwestern @@ -10706,7 +10691,7 @@ miles west of Decker on the border of the cypress swamp in the south part of Knox County, told me that he is positive that the tupelo gum was an occasional tree in the cypress swamp west of Decker.</p> -<p><a name="Fraxinus_caroliniana" id="Fraxinus_caroliniana"></a><b>Fraxinus carolinina</b> Miller. <span class="smcap">Water Ash</span>. This species was +<p><a name="Fraxinus_caroliniana" id="Fraxinus_caroliniana"></a><b>Fraxinus caroliniàna</b> Miller. <span class="smcap">Water Ash</span>. This species was included in Coulter's Catalogue of Indiana Plants upon the authority of Dr. Schneck. It is asserted that specimens were sent to Missouri Botanical Gardens for verification. The writer has carefully examined @@ -11471,7 +11456,7 @@ dropped from our flora.</p> <tr> <td>Deam</td> <td class="brdl">Steuben</td> - <td class="brdl">Amelanchier lvis</td> + <td class="brdl">Amelanchier lævis</td> <td class="brdl tdr">56</td><td class="brdl tdr">1</td><td class="brdl tdr">10</td> <td class="brdl tdr">...</td><td class="brdl tdr">..</td> <td class="brdl tdr">92</td><td class="brdl tdr">30</td> @@ -11757,7 +11742,7 @@ dropped from our flora.</p> <p class="caption2"><a name="Specific_Gravity" id="Specific_Gravity"></a>Specific Gravity of Indiana Woods.<a name="FNanchor_90_90" id="FNanchor_90_90"></a><a href="#Footnote_90_90" class="fnanchor">[90]</a></p> -<p class="center pmb2">The specific gravity was derived from wood dried at 100 centigrade +<p class="center pmb2">The specific gravity was derived from wood dried at 100° centigrade (212 Fah.) until it ceased to lose weight.</p> <table style="width:66%" summary="Specific Gravity"> @@ -12043,7 +12028,7 @@ dropped from our flora.</p> <td class="tdr">00.4543</td> </tr> <tr class="row2"> - <td>sculus glabra (Buckeye)</td> + <td>Æsculus glabra (Buckeye)</td> <td class="tdr">00.4542</td> </tr> <tr class="row3"> @@ -12071,7 +12056,7 @@ dropped from our flora.</p> <td class="tdr">00.4328</td> </tr> <tr class="row3"> - <td>sculus octandra (Sweet Buckeye)</td> + <td>Æsculus octandra (Sweet Buckeye)</td> <td class="tdr">00.4274</td> </tr> <tr class="row2"> @@ -12115,7 +12100,7 @@ dropped from our flora.</p> <td class="tdr">00.3854</td> </tr> <tr class="row2"> - <td>Thuja occidentalis (Arbor-Vit)</td> + <td>Thuja occidentalis (Arbor-Vitæ)</td> <td class="tdr">00.3164</td> </tr> </table> @@ -12200,7 +12185,7 @@ Daviess, Gibson, Fountain, Knox, Lawrence, Martin, Pike and Sullivan Counties.</ <div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_16_16" id="Footnote_16_16"></a><a href="#FNanchor_16_16"><span class="label">[16]</span></a> Sargent 1.c.</p></div> -<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_17_17" id="Footnote_17_17"></a><a href="#FNanchor_17_17"><span class="label">[17]</span></a> Andr Michaux's Travels 1793-1796.</p></div> +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_17_17" id="Footnote_17_17"></a><a href="#FNanchor_17_17"><span class="label">[17]</span></a> André Michaux's Travels 1793-1796.</p></div> <div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_18_18" id="Footnote_18_18"></a><a href="#FNanchor_18_18"><span class="label">[18]</span></a> Flora of Jefferson County. Ind. Geol. Surv. Rept. 2:283:1871.</p></div> @@ -12270,7 +12255,7 @@ Iowa City, Iowa.</p></div> <div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_48_48" id="Footnote_48_48"></a><a href="#FNanchor_48_48"><span class="label">[48]</span></a> Garden & Forest 9:375:1896.</p></div> -<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_49_49" id="Footnote_49_49"></a><a href="#FNanchor_49_49"><span class="label">[49]</span></a> <b>Morus alba</b> Linnus. White Mulberry. A small crooked tree; leaves ovate, +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_49_49" id="Footnote_49_49"></a><a href="#FNanchor_49_49"><span class="label">[49]</span></a> <b>Morus alba</b> Linnæus. White Mulberry. A small crooked tree; leaves ovate, sometimes lobed, blades 6-13 cm. long, cordate at the base, acute at apex, at maturity glabrous above and glabrous beneath or with some hairs on the veins and in the axils of the veins; fruit subglobose or oblong, 1-2 cm. long, white to pinkish. This is an introduced tree and @@ -12313,7 +12298,7 @@ Indiana. Bul. Chic. Acad. Sci. Vol. 2:33:1891.</p></div> <div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_62_62" id="Footnote_62_62"></a><a href="#FNanchor_62_62"><span class="label">[62]</span></a> S. Coulter: Size of some trees of Jefferson County, Ind. Bot. Gaz. Vol. 1:10:1875. He says: "Fifty trees were measured at three feet above the ground with an average diameter -of 2 ft. and 9 inches. An equal number of <i>sculus octandra</i> were measured at the same +of 2 ft. and 9 inches. An equal number of <i>Æsculus octandra</i> were measured at the same height from the ground with an average diameter of 2 ft. and 9 inches."</p></div> <div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_63_63" id="Footnote_63_63"></a><a href="#FNanchor_63_63"><span class="label">[63]</span></a> Drake: Picture of Cincinnatus:79:1815.</p></div> @@ -12481,12 +12466,12 @@ is in bold-face type.</p> </tr> <tr> - <td><p class="references"><b>sculace</b></p></td> + <td><p class="references"><b>Æsculaceæ</b></p></td> <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_251"><b>251</b></a></td> </tr> <tr> - <td><p class="references"><b>sculus</b></p></td> + <td><p class="references"><b>Æsculus</b></p></td> <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_251"><b>251</b></a></td> </tr> <tr> @@ -12538,7 +12523,7 @@ is in bold-face type.</p> </tr> <tr> - <td><p class="references"><b>Altingiace</b></p></td> + <td><p class="references"><b>Altingiaceæ</b></p></td> <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_166"><b>166</b></a></td> </tr> @@ -12547,17 +12532,17 @@ is in bold-face type.</p> <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_177"><b>177</b></a>, <a href="#Page_178">178</a></td> </tr> <tr> - <td><p class="references2"><b>lvis</b></p></td> + <td><p class="references2"><b>lævis</b></p></td> <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_177"><b>177</b></a>, <a href="#Page_179">179</a>, <a href="#Page_298">298</a>, <a href="#Page_299">299</a></td> </tr> <tr> - <td><p class="references"><b>Amygdalace</b>,</p></td> + <td><p class="references"><b>Amygdalaceæ</b>,</p></td> <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_216"><b>216</b></a></td> </tr> <tr> - <td><p class="references"><b>Anonace</b></p></td> + <td><p class="references"><b>Anonaceæ</b></p></td> <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_161"><b>161</b></a></td> </tr> @@ -12583,7 +12568,7 @@ is in bold-face type.</p> </tr> <tr> - <td><p class="references">Arbor-Vit</p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_306" id="Page_306">[306]</a></span></td> + <td><p class="references">Arbor-Vitæ</p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_306" id="Page_306">[306]</a></span></td> <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_32">32</a>, <a href="#Page_33">33</a>, <a href="#Page_300">300</a></td> </tr> @@ -12712,7 +12697,7 @@ is in bold-face type.</p> </tr> <tr> - <td><p class="references"><b>Betulace</b></p></td> + <td><p class="references"><b>Betulaceæ</b></p></td> <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_78"><b>78</b></a></td> </tr> @@ -12741,7 +12726,7 @@ is in bold-face type.</p> <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_85"><b>85</b></a>, <a href="#Page_87">87</a>, <a href="#Page_297">297</a>, <a href="#Page_300">300</a></td> </tr> <tr> - <td><p class="references2"><b>papyrifera pumila glandulifera</b></p></td> + <td><p class="references2"><b>papyrifera × pumila glandulifera</b></p></td> <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_85"><b>85</b></a></td> </tr> <tr> @@ -12754,7 +12739,7 @@ is in bold-face type.</p> </tr> <tr> - <td><p class="references"><b>Bignoniace</b></p></td> + <td><p class="references"><b>Bignoniaceæ</b></p></td> <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_284"><b>284</b></a></td> </tr> @@ -12828,12 +12813,12 @@ is in bold-face type.</p> <td></td> </tr> <tr> - <td><p class="references"><b>Csalpinace</b></p></td> + <td><p class="references"><b>Cæsalpinaceæ</b></p></td> <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_226"><b>226</b></a></td> </tr> <tr> - <td><p class="references"><b>Caprifoliace</b></p></td> + <td><p class="references"><b>Caprifoliaceæ</b></p></td> <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_288"><b>288</b></a></td> </tr> @@ -12883,7 +12868,7 @@ is in bold-face type.</p> <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_66"><b>66</b></a>, <a href="#Page_67">67</a>, <a href="#Page_292">292</a>, <a href="#Page_299">299</a></td> </tr> <tr> - <td><p class="references2"><b>myristicformis</b></p></td> + <td><p class="references2"><b>myristicæformis</b></p></td> <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_292"><b>292</b></a></td> </tr> <tr> @@ -13005,7 +12990,7 @@ is in bold-face type.</p> </tr> <tr> - <td><p class="references"><b>Chamcyparis thyoides</b></p></td> + <td><p class="references"><b>Chamæcyparis thyoides</b></p></td> <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_291"><b>291</b></a></td> </tr> @@ -13076,7 +13061,7 @@ is in bold-face type.</p> </tr> <tr> - <td><p class="references"><b>Cratgus</b></p></td> + <td><p class="references"><b>Cratægus</b></p></td> <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_180"><b>180</b></a></td> </tr> <tr> @@ -13228,7 +13213,7 @@ is in bold-face type.</p> <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_212"><i>212</i></a></td> </tr> <tr> - <td><p class="references2"><b>Phnopyrum</b></p></td> + <td><p class="references2"><b>Phænopyrum</b></p></td> <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_214"><b>214</b></a>, <a href="#Page_215">215</a></td> </tr> <tr> @@ -13323,7 +13308,7 @@ is in bold-face type.</p> <td></td> </tr> <tr> - <td><p class="references"><b>Ebenace</b></p></td> + <td><p class="references"><b>Ebenaceæ</b></p></td> <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_265"><b>265</b></a></td> </tr> @@ -13400,7 +13385,7 @@ is in bold-face type.</p> </tr> <tr> - <td><p class="references"><b>Ericace</b></p></td> + <td><p class="references"><b>Ericaceæ</b></p></td> <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_263"><b>263</b></a></td> </tr> <tr> @@ -13408,12 +13393,12 @@ is in bold-face type.</p> <td></td> </tr> <tr> - <td><p class="references"><b>Fabace</b></p></td> + <td><p class="references"><b>Fabaceæ</b></p></td> <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_233"><b>233</b></a></td> </tr> <tr> - <td><p class="references"><b>Fagace</b></p></td> + <td><p class="references"><b>Fagaceæ</b></p></td> <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_92"><b>92</b></a></td> </tr> @@ -13485,7 +13470,7 @@ is in bold-face type.</p> <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_230"><b>230</b></a>, <a href="#Page_231">231</a>, <a href="#Page_299">299</a></td> </tr> <tr> - <td><p class="references2"><b>aquatica triacanthos</b></p></td> + <td><p class="references2"><b>aquatica × triacanthos</b></p></td> <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_232"><b>232</b></a></td> </tr> <tr> @@ -13669,7 +13654,7 @@ is in bold-face type.</p> <td></td> </tr> <tr> - <td><p class="references"><b>Juglandace</b></p></td> + <td><p class="references"><b>Juglandaceæ</b></p></td> <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_52"><b>52</b></a></td> </tr> @@ -13739,7 +13724,7 @@ is in bold-face type.</p> </tr> <tr> - <td><p class="references"><b>Laurace</b></p></td> + <td><p class="references"><b>Lauraceæ</b></p></td> <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_163"><b>163</b></a></td> </tr> @@ -13798,7 +13783,7 @@ is in bold-face type.</p> </tr> <tr> - <td><p class="references"><b>Magnoliace</b></p></td> + <td><p class="references"><b>Magnoliaceæ</b></p></td> <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_155"><b>155</b></a></td> </tr> @@ -13808,7 +13793,7 @@ is in bold-face type.</p> </tr> <tr> - <td><p class="references"><b>Malace</b></p></td> + <td><p class="references"><b>Malaceæ</b></p></td> <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_171"><b>171</b></a></td> </tr> @@ -13837,7 +13822,7 @@ is in bold-face type.</p> <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_174"><b>174</b></a></td> </tr> <tr> - <td><p class="references2"><b>ioensis</b> lancifolia</p></td> + <td><p class="references2"><b>ioensis</b> × lancifolia</p></td> <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_177"><b>177</b></a></td> </tr> <tr> @@ -13906,7 +13891,7 @@ is in bold-face type.</p> </tr> <tr> - <td><p class="references"><b>Morace</b></p></td> + <td><p class="references"><b>Moraceæ</b></p></td> <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_151"><b>151</b></a></td> </tr> @@ -14098,7 +14083,7 @@ is in bold-face type.</p> </tr> <tr> - <td><p class="references"><b>Oleace</b></p></td> + <td><p class="references"><b>Oleaceæ</b></p></td> <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_267"><b>267</b></a></td> </tr> @@ -14157,7 +14142,7 @@ is in bold-face type.</p> </tr> <tr> - <td><p class="references"><b>Pinace</b></p></td> + <td><p class="references"><b>Pinaceæ</b></p></td> <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_19"><b>19</b></a></td> </tr> @@ -14243,7 +14228,7 @@ is in bold-face type.</p> </tr> <tr> - <td><p class="references"><b>Platanace</b></p></td> + <td><p class="references"><b>Platanaceæ</b></p></td> <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_168"><b>168</b></a></td> </tr> @@ -14416,11 +14401,11 @@ is in bold-face type.</p> <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_103"><b>103</b></a></td> </tr> <tr> - <td><p class="references2"><b>alba Michauxii</b></p></td> + <td><p class="references2"><b>alba × Michauxii</b></p></td> <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_110"><b>110</b></a></td> </tr> <tr> - <td><p class="references2"><b>alba Muhlenbergii</b></p></td> + <td><p class="references2"><b>alba × Muhlenbergii</b></p></td> <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_103"><b>103</b></a></td> </tr> <tr> @@ -14468,7 +14453,7 @@ is in bold-face type.</p> <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_115">115</a>, <a href="#Page_116"><b>116</b></a>, <a href="#Page_297">297</a>, <a href="#Page_299">299</a></td> </tr> <tr> - <td><p class="references2"><b>macrocarpa</b> variety <b>olivformis</b></p></td> + <td><p class="references2"><b>macrocarpa</b> variety <b>olivæformis</b></p></td> <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_116"><b>116</b></a></td> </tr> <tr> @@ -14579,7 +14564,7 @@ is in bold-face type.</p> <td></td> </tr> <tr> - <td><p class="references"><b>Salicace</b></p></td> + <td><p class="references"><b>Salicaceæ</b></p></td> <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_34"><b>34</b></a></td> </tr> @@ -14653,7 +14638,7 @@ is in bold-face type.</p> </tr> <tr> - <td><p class="references"><b>Simarubace</b></p></td> + <td><p class="references"><b>Simarubaceæ</b></p></td> <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_237"><b>237</b></a></td> </tr> @@ -14817,7 +14802,7 @@ is in bold-face type.</p> </tr> <tr> - <td><p class="references"><b>Tiliace</b></p></td> + <td><p class="references"><b>Tiliaceæ</b></p></td> <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_255"><b>255</b></a></td> </tr> @@ -14892,7 +14877,7 @@ is in bold-face type.</p> <td></td> </tr> <tr> - <td><p class="references"><b>Ulmace</b></p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_317" id="Page_317">[317]</a></span></td> + <td><p class="references"><b>Ulmaceæ</b></p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_317" id="Page_317">[317]</a></span></td> <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_137"><b>137</b></a></td> </tr> @@ -15016,7 +15001,7 @@ is in bold-face type.</p> <p class="caption2">Transcriber's Note</p> <p>Formatting of the titles for the sections listed in the Table -of Contents was standardized. Hyphenation and ligature use was +of Contents was standardized. Hyphenation and æ ligature use was standardized.</p> <p>The Family name Oleaceae was corrected on <a href="#Page_267">page 267</a>. <a href="#Footnote_46_46">Footnote 46</a> @@ -15029,360 +15014,6 @@ be the text associated with E. J. Hill's account of the species <p> </p> <p> </p> -<hr class="full" /> -<p>***END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK TREES OF INDIANA***</p> -<p>******* This file should be named 41702-h.txt or 41702-h.zip *******</p> -<p>This and all associated files of various formats will be found in:<br /> -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/dirs/4/1/7/0/41702">http://www.gutenberg.org/4/1/7/0/41702</a></p> -<p> -Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions -will be renamed.</p> - -<p> -Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no -one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation -(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without -permission and without paying copyright royalties. Special rules, -set forth in the General Terms of Use part of this license, apply to -copying and distributing Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works to -protect the PROJECT GUTENBERG-tm concept and trademark. 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