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diff --git a/41493-h/41493-h.htm b/41493-h/41493-h.htm index d4f3318..08276f2 100644 --- a/41493-h/41493-h.htm +++ b/41493-h/41493-h.htm @@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"> <head> - <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html;charset=iso-8859-1" /> + <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html;charset=UTF-8" /> <meta http-equiv="Content-Style-Type" content="text/css" /> <title> The Project Gutenberg eBook of The Quarterly of the Oregon Historical Society, Volume IV, by Frederic George Young. @@ -261,49 +261,7 @@ th { </style> </head> <body> - - -<pre> - -The Project Gutenberg EBook of The Quarterly of the Oregon Historical -Society, Vol. IV, by Various - -This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with -almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or -re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included -with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org - - -Title: The Quarterly of the Oregon Historical Society, Vol. IV - March, 1903-December, 1903 - -Author: Various - -Editor: Frederic George Young - -Release Date: November 26, 2012 [EBook #41493] - -Language: English - -Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1 - -*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK QUARTERLY--OREGON HIST. SOC., VOL IV *** - - - - -Produced by Melissa McDaniel and the Online Distributed -Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This file was -produced from images generously made available by The -Internet Archive) - - - - - - -</pre> - +<div>*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK 41493 ***</div> <div class="tnbox"> <p class="center"><b>Transcriber's Note:</b></p> @@ -333,7 +291,7 @@ OREGON HISTORICAL SOCIETY</h1> <p class="center"><span class="smcap">Edited by Frederic George Young</span></p> <hr class="l15" /> -<p class="center"><span class="s08">J. R. WHITNEY, STATE PRINTER</span><br /> +<p class="center"><span class="s08">J. R. WHITNEY, STATE PRINTER</span><br /> <span class="s05">SALEM, OREGON</span></p> <h2>CONTENTS.</h2> @@ -372,11 +330,11 @@ A History of a History. William Alfred Morris</td> <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_150">150</a>-<a href="#Page_167">167</a></td> </tr> <tr> -<td>Centennial, The Lewis and Clark. F. G. Young</td> +<td>Centennial, The Lewis and Clark. F. G. Young</td> <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_1">1</a>-<a href="#Page_20">20</a></td> </tr> <tr> -<td>Corrections, Some. F. G. Young and H. S. Lyman</td> +<td>Corrections, Some. F. G. Young and H. S. Lyman</td> <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_86">86</a>-<a href="#Page_87">87</a>, <a href="#Page_286">286</a>, <a href="#Page_409">409</a></td> </tr> <tr> @@ -388,7 +346,7 @@ A History of a History. William Alfred Morris</td> <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_185">185</a>-<a href="#Page_194">194</a></td> </tr> <tr> -<td>Cone, Anson Sterling, Reminiscences of. H. S. Lyman</td> +<td>Cone, Anson Sterling, Reminiscences of. H. S. Lyman</td> <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_251">251</a>-<a href="#Page_258">258</a></td> </tr> <tr> @@ -438,7 +396,7 @@ to and settlement of Oregon</td> <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_392">392</a>-<a href="#Page_394">394</a></td> </tr> <tr> -<td>Hopkins, Mrs. Rebeka, Reminiscences. H. S. Lyman</td> +<td>Hopkins, Mrs. Rebeka, Reminiscences. H. S. Lyman</td> <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_259">259</a>-<a href="#Page_261">261</a></td> </tr> <tr> @@ -463,7 +421,7 @@ to and settlement of Oregon</td> <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_395">395</a>-<a href="#Page_398">398</a></td> </tr> <tr> -<td>La Bonte's, Louis, Recollections of Men. H. S. Lyman</td> +<td>La Bonte's, Louis, Recollections of Men. H. S. Lyman</td> <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_264">264</a>-<a href="#Page_266">266</a></td> </tr> <tr> @@ -471,7 +429,7 @@ to and settlement of Oregon</td> <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_267">267</a>-<a href="#Page_268">268</a></td> </tr> <tr> -<td>Lewis and Clark, The, Centennial. F. G. Young</td> +<td>Lewis and Clark, The, Centennial. F. G. Young</td> <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_1">1</a>-<a href="#Page_20">20</a></td> </tr> <tr> @@ -479,7 +437,7 @@ to and settlement of Oregon</td> <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_241">241</a>-<a href="#Page_250">250</a></td> </tr> <tr> -<td>Montures on French Prairie, The. S. A. Clarke</td> +<td>Montures on French Prairie, The. S. A. Clarke</td> <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_268">268</a>-<a href="#Page_269">269</a></td> </tr> <tr> @@ -504,7 +462,7 @@ William Alfred Morris</td> <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_365">365</a>-<a href="#Page_385">385</a></td> </tr> <tr> -<td>Paternalism, An Object Lesson in. T. W. Davenport</td> +<td>Paternalism, An Object Lesson in. T. W. Davenport</td> <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_33">33</a>-<a href="#Page_54">54</a></td> </tr> <tr> @@ -525,7 +483,7 @@ Tremewan, and Louis La Bonte</td> <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_251">251</a>-<a href="#Page_266">266</a></td> </tr> <tr> -<td>San Francisco. From Walla Walla to Captain John Mullan, U. S. A.</td> +<td>San Francisco. From Walla Walla to Captain John Mullan, U. S. A.</td> <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_202">202</a>-<a href="#Page_226">226</a></td> </tr> <tr> @@ -550,11 +508,11 @@ Smith</td> <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_395">395</a>-<a href="#Page_398">398</a></td> </tr> <tr> -<td>Tremewan, Mrs. Anna, Reminiscences of. H. S. Lyman</td> +<td>Tremewan, Mrs. Anna, Reminiscences of. H. S. Lyman</td> <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_261">261</a>-<a href="#Page_264">264</a></td> </tr> <tr> -<td>Walla Walla, From, to San Francisco. Captain John Mullan, U. S. A.</td> +<td>Walla Walla, From, to San Francisco. Captain John Mullan, U. S. A.</td> <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_202">202</a>-<a href="#Page_226">226</a></td> </tr> <tr> @@ -586,7 +544,7 @@ Smith</td> <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_55">55</a>-<a href="#Page_69">69</a></td> </tr> <tr> -<td><i>Clarke, S. A.</i>—The Montures on French Prairie</td> +<td><i>Clarke, S. A.</i>—The Montures on French Prairie</td> <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_268">268</a>-<a href="#Page_269">269</a></td> </tr> <tr> @@ -602,7 +560,7 @@ Smith</td> <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_227">227</a>-<a href="#Page_240">240</a></td> </tr> <tr> -<td><i>Davenport, T. W.</i>—An Object Lesson in Paternalism</td> +<td><i>Davenport, T. W.</i>—An Object Lesson in Paternalism</td> <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_33">33</a>-<a href="#Page_54">54</a></td> </tr> <tr> @@ -947,7 +905,7 @@ expedition this nation took the flood tide to world supremacy. Three years ago, when American arms and diplomacy were exercising such a determining influence on the problem of mankind in China, I heard Prof. -F. J. Turner of the University of Wisconsin, the highest +F. J. Turner of the University of Wisconsin, the highest authority on western history, who writes so forcibly on the Louisiana Purchase in the current number of the <i>Review of Reviews</i>, say, that "the occupation of the Pacific @@ -1290,10 +1248,10 @@ trees? We are told by Mr. Elwood Mead, Chief of the Division of Irrigation, that he believes Oregon "has the largest area of unimproved land whereon irrigation is possible of any State in the Union." Here is a great -interest in which most fortunately a policy of coöperation +interest in which most fortunately a policy of coöperation between the state and the nation has been instituted. What could be more propitious for the good fortune of -the people than an active coöperation between the authorities +the people than an active coöperation between the authorities of the exposition and the United States bureaus of forestry, irrigation, and the United States geological survey in preparing an exhibit of the data on the interests @@ -1329,7 +1287,7 @@ glorious it would be for Oregon if the Lewis and Clark Fair Clubs would in dead earnest determine to possess themselves of the philosophy of city making, and to do their best to control municipal activity in Oregon so as to -make it conserve highest economic and æsthetic ends and +make it conserve highest economic and æsthetic ends and bring about rational unity in all municipal development and foster an architectural spirit. Why not commission a delegate to Dresden? Why not begin to make wholesome, @@ -1399,7 +1357,7 @@ Exposition lends itself wholly to this great mission. It is hard to see how a means quite so propitious will be available again.</p> -<p class="left65">F. G. YOUNG.</p> +<p class="left65">F. G. YOUNG.</p> <h3>THE EDUCATIONAL HISTORY OF ASTORIA, OREGON.</h3> @@ -1428,7 +1386,7 @@ the public and the private school idea.</p> private, owing to the fact that the school law, passed in 1849, was practically inoperative, and, in consequence, no public money was available. In the summer of 1851 -the Rev. C. O. Hosford, a Methodist minister, at the +the Rev. C. O. Hosford, a Methodist minister, at the earnest solicitation of some dozen parents, opened a school near the corner of Eighth and Bond streets, in a small two-room building, erected for use as dwelling @@ -1457,9 +1415,9 @@ least two private schools here prior to 1859, and they were patronized by the children of three families.<a name="FNanchor_6" id="FNanchor_6" href="#Footnote_6" class="fnanchor">[6]</a> That this was done in at least one case from necessity, rather than choice, is shown by the fact that one of the patrons -of these schools, T. P. Powers, a few years later, was the +of these schools, T. P. Powers, a few years later, was the prime mover in the establishment of the Upper Astoria -public school.<a name="FNanchor_7" id="FNanchor_7" href="#Footnote_7" class="fnanchor">[7]</a> Miss Pope and Mrs. H. B. Morse were +public school.<a name="FNanchor_7" id="FNanchor_7" href="#Footnote_7" class="fnanchor">[7]</a> Miss Pope and Mrs. H. B. Morse were two of the teachers employed in these schools.</p> <p>In 1864 the first school that was in any sense a rival @@ -1486,7 +1444,7 @@ those usually taught in a district school.<a name="FNanchor_9" id="FNanchor_9" h <p>This school was opened in the old "Methodist Church" situated on the corner of Fifteenth Street and Franklin Avenue, and was in charge of the rector of the Episcopal -Church, Rev. T. H. Hyland. Mrs. Hyland, who had +Church, Rev. T. H. Hyland. Mrs. Hyland, who had been a teacher in the East, taught most of the classes.<a href="#Footnote_8" class="fnanchor">[8]</a> The school was supported entirely by tuition fees which were $7 per quarter of thirteen weeks. Three quarters @@ -1583,7 +1541,7 @@ was taught in what was known as the "Old Methodist Church,"<a name="FNanchor_15" id="FNanchor_15" href="#Footnote_15" class="fnanchor">[15]</a> a building erected in 1853-54,<a name="FNanchor_16" id="FNanchor_16" href="#Footnote_16" class="fnanchor">[16]</a> on a piece of land donated for church and school purposes,<a name="FNanchor_17" id="FNanchor_17" href="#Footnote_17" class="fnanchor">[17]</a> by James Welch, to the trustees of the Methodist Church. -J. W. Wayne was probably the first teacher in the district. +J. W. Wayne was probably the first teacher in the district. Nothing is known of the condition of the school, except that there were very few in attendance, and the school was in session only a very few months. Miss Liza @@ -1592,7 +1550,7 @@ names associated with the early schools, but the exact time of their service is not known, but all taught school some time before 1856.</p> -<p>In that year Judge A. A. Skinner took charge of the +<p>In that year Judge A. A. Skinner took charge of the public school in a building near Bain's Mill, known as the "Holman House."<a name="FNanchor_18" id="FNanchor_18" href="#Footnote_18" class="fnanchor">[18]</a> He was assisted by Mrs. Skinner, <i>nee</i> Miss Lincoln. The next year the public school @@ -1603,10 +1561,10 @@ large boys.<a href="#Footnote_18" class="fnanchor">[18]</a> He was succeeded by <p>Up to this time the district had been without a schoolhouse, but in 1859 a building was erected on the corner -of Ninth and Exchange streets. J. T. Maulsby taught +of Ninth and Exchange streets. J. T. Maulsby taught the first term of school in it in 1860. The school was now too large for one teacher and the following year the -board engaged the services of J. D. Deardorff and wife. +board engaged the services of J. D. Deardorff and wife. He was a man of ability in his line of work and was well liked by both parents and pupils.<a href="#Footnote_18" class="fnanchor">[18]</a> During the next term he was assisted by Mrs. Dr. Owens-Adair,<a name="FNanchor_19" id="FNanchor_19" href="#Footnote_19" class="fnanchor">[19]</a> and the year @@ -1628,7 +1586,7 @@ finished the ordinary grades of the school were enabled to continue their education.<a name="FNanchor_22" id="FNanchor_22" href="#Footnote_22" class="fnanchor">[22]</a> Later opposition to these classes arose and finally the school board decided that only studies of the grammar grade should be taught. -When this order was carried into effect, during Mr. R. K. +When this order was carried into effect, during Mr. R. K. Warren's term as teacher, a vigorous protest was made against it, and its enforcement caused much dissatisfaction.<a href="#Footnote_22" class="fnanchor">[22]</a></p> @@ -1663,7 +1621,7 @@ had finished the grammar grades. In 1872 the state school fund became available and District No. 1 received $110.80 in coin and $111.95 in currency.<a href="#Footnote_14" class="fnanchor">[14]</a></p> -<p>In 1873 Prof. W. L. Worthington, a very able instructor, +<p>In 1873 Prof. W. L. Worthington, a very able instructor, was elected principal, and remained several years. More than one hundred children were in attendance in 1873,<a name="FNanchor_25" id="FNanchor_25" href="#Footnote_25" class="fnanchor">[25]</a> and the citizens of Astoria were justly @@ -1690,9 +1648,9 @@ system.</p> <p>District No. 9, the "Upper Astoria" district, was established in 1868, but no school was taught here until 1874. -Mrs. W. W. Parker, who taught the first term of school +Mrs. W. W. Parker, who taught the first term of school in the district, had a school of fifteen pupils, and received -as compensation $75 per month and board.<a name="FNanchor_26" id="FNanchor_26" href="#Footnote_26" class="fnanchor">[26]</a> T. P. Powers +as compensation $75 per month and board.<a name="FNanchor_26" id="FNanchor_26" href="#Footnote_26" class="fnanchor">[26]</a> T. P. Powers organized the district, and when over seventy years of age taught a term of three months in this district in order that the right to draw school money should not be forfeited.</p> @@ -1817,9 +1775,9 @@ predominance of this sentiment in favor of the public schools can be found in the fact that many of the leaders in the development of the city came from the northern and middle western states, where the idea of public education -had a firm hold. V. Boelling, S. T. McKean, -W. W. Parker, Col. James Taylor, and later Capt. George -Flavel, Mrs. H. B. Parker, John Hobson and many others +had a firm hold. V. Boelling, S. T. McKean, +W. W. Parker, Col. James Taylor, and later Capt. George +Flavel, Mrs. H. B. Parker, John Hobson and many others were earnest advocates and liberal supporters of public schools.</p> @@ -2042,7 +2000,7 @@ Doctor's fancy had not been expanded and enlightened by the vast accomplishments of modern science and invention, whereby the forces of nature have been utilized, and, as a consequence, his happy valley was constructed -more to gratify an indolent and dreamy æstheticism than +more to gratify an indolent and dreamy æstheticism than to promote economic industry.</p> <p>In these western valleys, however, is everything that @@ -2346,7 +2304,7 @@ to constructive industry.</p> man theory of human progression. The student of history passes along from point to point in the bloody trail of the historian, stopping at such characters as Alexander, -Cæsar, Charlemagne, Napoleon, etc., until these +Cæsar, Charlemagne, Napoleon, etc., until these great destroyers are looked upon as the prime factors of the evolutionary state. Of course, these and such as these must not be ignored or left out, for history would cease @@ -2648,7 +2606,7 @@ has earned. As a hard and fast donee, he is not a success; as a beggar, he is disgusting even to himself. Sometimes he needs charity, but always justice.</p> -<p class="left65">T. W. DAVENPORT.</p> +<p class="left65">T. W. DAVENPORT.</p> <h3>GLIMPSES OF EARLY DAYS IN OREGON.</h3> @@ -2811,12 +2769,12 @@ and stored for winter use. There was not much buying and selling, except of wheat, which was used as currency, as well as for food. Portland was founded in 1845 by pioneers who were quick to see the magnitude -and resources of the country. J. B. Stephens, who was +and resources of the country. J. B. Stephens, who was a cooper, saw the large revenue to be made by exporting salmon, and soon began making barrels and kegs, from which he netted a large profit. The first tannery built in Portland was erected near where the exposition building -is located, by D. H. Lownesdale, who had the honor +is located, by D. H. Lownesdale, who had the honor of introducing a new circulating medium, which was Oregon tanned leather.</p> @@ -2838,7 +2796,7 @@ were also erected. At that time the United States mail arrived yearly.</p> <p>In 1848 the first Methodist Church was organized in -Portland, and a church building was begun by J. H. +Portland, and a church building was begun by J. H. Wilbur; doing good for others was his greatest pleasure. Blessed be his name!</p> @@ -2856,7 +2814,7 @@ and good examples are his living monument.</p> ever built in Portland, which was run by water power. Soon after it was finished it was destroyed by fire.</p> -<p>In 1850 W. P. Abrams and C. A. Reed erected the first +<p>In 1850 W. P. Abrams and C. A. Reed erected the first steam sawmill in Oregon on the river bank near where Jefferson Street is located. This proved a profitable enterprise. Just south of the mill was an Indian encampment, @@ -2902,7 +2860,7 @@ people from Portland had to go to Hillsboro to hold court. In 1856 a meeting of the citizens of Portland was called to organize a volunteer company to protect the people and property, in case of an Indian outbreak; two hundred -names were enrolled and H. W. Davis was appointed +names were enrolled and H. W. Davis was appointed captain.</p> <p>In 1850 the steamer Lot Whitcombe was built at Milwaukie, @@ -2915,7 +2873,7 @@ points: Butteville, Champoeg, Mission Bottom, or Salem. Steamers Belle and Fashion were running between Portland and the Cascades.</p> -<p>In 1853 David Monnastes and H. W. Davis erected a +<p>In 1853 David Monnastes and H. W. Davis erected a foundry on First Street. Many other industries were established.</p> @@ -2925,7 +2883,7 @@ First and Second streets. Soon after they selected a beautiful location in East Portland, surrounded by forest trees, and erected a home for the insane.</p> -<p>In 1853 W. S. Ladd built the first brick building in +<p>In 1853 W. S. Ladd built the first brick building in Portland. Others soon followed, and frame houses were <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_62" id="Page_62">62</a></span> now in evidence, and the log cabin in which so many @@ -3000,12 +2958,12 @@ Astoria.</p> <p>In 1854 Thomas Fraser was the first to agitate the public school question. The following public spirited -men were present: Thomas Fraser, W. S. Ladd, Josiah -Failing, H. W. Corbett, P. Raleigh, A. D. Shelby, T. N. -Larkin, A. L. Davis, C. Abrams, L. Limerick. All of +men were present: Thomas Fraser, W. S. Ladd, Josiah +Failing, H. W. Corbett, P. Raleigh, A. D. Shelby, T. N. +Larkin, A. L. Davis, C. Abrams, L. Limerick. All of <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_64" id="Page_64">64</a></span> these noble and unselfish men, except one, have passed -on to their higher home—H. W. Corbett, the surviving +on to their higher home—H. W. Corbett, the surviving one, a pioneer of 1851, loved, honored, and justly called the Father of Portland, is still the first to give his time and money for the betterment and upbuilding of the city @@ -3017,7 +2975,7 @@ and cemented deeply in the hearts of the people.</p> <p>December, 1855, Multnomah County was organized. In January following L. Limerick was appointed county school superintendent. December 4, 1850, the first weekly -<i>Oregonian</i> was published in Portland by T. J. Dryer. In +<i>Oregonian</i> was published in Portland by T. J. Dryer. In 1851 the first regular monthly mail service began between Portland and San Francisco, per steamer Columbia.</p> @@ -3034,8 +2992,8 @@ Wilcox. It was conducted in a house erected by Mr. McNemee at the foot of Taylor Street. It was properly a private school and continued one quarter. The names of some of the pupils are given: Frances McNemee (now -Mrs. E. J. Northup), her brothers Moses, Adam, and -William; Charlotte Terwilliger (now Mrs. C. M. Cartwright), +Mrs. E. J. Northup), her brothers Moses, Adam, and +William; Charlotte Terwilliger (now Mrs. C. M. Cartwright), Milton Doan's children—Sarah, Mary, Peter and John, Henry Hill, Helen Hill (now Mrs. Wm. Powell), J. Miller,—Murphy, Lucy and Charlotte Barnes, @@ -3048,7 +3006,7 @@ taught school in a log cabin on the corner of Second and Stark streets. She had thirty or more pupils. Those who attended Doctor Wilcox's school, also these additional: John Cullen, Carrie Polk, the Warren girls—one -now Mrs. Richard White, the other Mrs. D. C. Coleman; +now Mrs. Richard White, the other Mrs. D. C. Coleman; Milton, John, Albert, Matilda, and Susan Apperson, were her pupils.</p> @@ -3067,7 +3025,7 @@ three hundred pounds. Stephen Coffin bought this bell at his own expense. Rev. Jas. H. Wilbur bought the bell of Mr. Coffin and placed it on the First Methodist Church. It now hangs in the steeple of the Taylor-street -M. E. Church. He taught three months, had forty pupils. +M. E. Church. He taught three months, had forty pupils. Among his pupils he recalls the Coffins, Chapmans, Parrishes, Kings, Hills, Terwilligers, Appersons, Watts, and McNemees.</p> @@ -3084,7 +3042,7 @@ Stephens, McNemee, and Watts. There was no other district organization.</p> <p><i>Rev. Doane's School</i>—Following Mr. Jefferson, came -Rev. N. Doane, then and now a minister of the M. E. +Rev. N. Doane, then and now a minister of the M. E. <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_66" id="Page_66">66</a></span> Church. He taught nine months, beginning December 1, 1850. To the former lists of pupils he adds Davises, @@ -3093,13 +3051,13 @@ Crosbys, Lownesdale, and Parrishes.</p> <p><i>Central School</i>—The Central School occupied the present site of the Portland Hotel. Monday, May 18, 1858, the first school in the Central Building was opened by -L. L. Terwilliger, principal, with two assistants, Mrs. +L. L. Terwilliger, principal, with two assistants, Mrs. Mary J. Hensill and Owen Connelly. From the records I find that up to July 23, 1858, two hundred and eighty different pupils had been enrolled. The names of pupils, parents, and residences are on record. Of all the residences noted, but two were west of Seventh Street. Those -two were F. M. Warren and Wm. H. King. Most of the +two were F. M. Warren and Wm. H. King. Most of the residences were on First, Second, Third, and Fourth streets, with quite a number in Couch's Addition. Mr. Terwilliger was principal of the Central School for two @@ -3128,7 +3086,7 @@ was a man of sterling qualities and well qualified for the office, and was a pioneer of 1840. In the fall of 1851 the academy on Seventh and Jefferson streets was opened <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_67" id="Page_67">67</a></span> -with C. S. Kingsley, teacher. The school was surrounded +with C. S. Kingsley, teacher. The school was surrounded by large trees and was a long distance from the village. No streets were improved near the school. One could follow the cow path that wound around, and the tinkling @@ -3139,7 +3097,7 @@ streets.</p> <h4>GLIMPSE OF ONE OF MANY SIMILAR SCENES ENDURED OUR LOVED PIONEERS.</h4> -<p>In 1850 Mr. S. M. Hamilton, with his wife and four +<p>In 1850 Mr. S. M. Hamilton, with his wife and four children, after a long journey across the Plains arrived at the Cascades. They were impressed with the towering mountains and beautiful scenery. Here they decided @@ -3244,11 +3202,11 @@ and now in many places the grass has given way to moss and timber.</p> <p>According to the best information I could get, the first -settlers came to the Calapooia in 1846. T. A. Riggs, +settlers came to the Calapooia in 1846. T. A. Riggs, who came in 1847, and whose statement is appended below, says that when he came there were three or four settlers near where Brownsville now stands, and one, -R. C. Finley, six miles up stream. This man Finley was +R. C. Finley, six miles up stream. This man Finley was the settler farthest up the stream till Riggs and his partner, Asa Moore, took up donation claims two or three miles above Finley on Brush Creek, a tributary of the @@ -3260,18 +3218,18 @@ in the upper Willamette to some extent, because out in the valley there was less timber, water was less plentiful, and the soil was not considered as good as in the Calapooia.</p> -<p>Most of the settlers who came were farmers. R. C. +<p>Most of the settlers who came were farmers. R. C. Finley, however, was a millwright, and in 1849<a name="FNanchor_35" id="FNanchor_35" href="#Footnote_35" class="fnanchor">[35]</a> built a flouring mill, which still stands, six miles above Brownsville. In 1850 Templeton built a sawmill; in 1852 Finley -built one, and in 1854 P. V. Crawford built one near the +built one, and in 1854 P. V. Crawford built one near the present site of Holley. The first settlers had gone to Oregon City for flour, and later to Salem. After Finley's mill was built people came from as far away as the Umpqua Valley to get flour there.</p> <p>Schools were founded at an early date, the first being -taught by Rev. H. H. Spalding in a log house one mile +taught by Rev. H. H. Spalding in a log house one mile above where Brownsville now stands, in the summer of 1849. This was a subscription school. The first district was organized on the Calapooia in 1853, being the third @@ -3281,11 +3239,11 @@ of 1853. The churches commenced work very soon and several denominations were represented. Joab Powell, the celebrated Baptist evangelist, used to preach there, and gave it as his opinion that "Thar was some mighty -big sinners on the head of the Calapooia." Dr. J. N. -Perkins preached for the Christians, and Rev. H. H. +big sinners on the head of the Calapooia." Dr. J. N. +Perkins preached for the Christians, and Rev. H. H. Spalding for the Presbyterians.</p> -<p>P. V. Crawford, for whom Crawfordsville is named, +<p>P. V. Crawford, for whom Crawfordsville is named, was the first regularly appointed postmaster on the Calapooia. Previous to his appointment in 1870 there had been a supplied post office at William Heisler's store, @@ -3314,17 +3272,17 @@ preached. Soon after he is said to have been offered a fee of $1,000 to defend a man in a criminal case, and from that time on he followed law and politics. He was a member of the constitutional convention, was in the -legislature, and stumped the state with Col. E. D. Baker +legislature, and stumped the state with Col. E. D. Baker in the race for United States senator. Hugh Brown, founder of Brownsville, was also prominent in politics -and was a member of the constitutional convention. J. N. +and was a member of the constitutional convention. J. N. Rice and Robert Glass were in the legislature in early -times, and R. C. Finley, though not so prominent politically, +times, and R. C. Finley, though not so prominent politically, was a wealthy, liberal, public spirited man, who wielded considerable influence.</p> <p>No serious Indian troubles ever came upon the settlers -on the Calapooia. T. A. Riggs tells how the Indians +on the Calapooia. T. A. Riggs tells how the Indians used to steal from the whites, and describes a little difficulty he and a neighbor had with them over the stealing of an ox, but the Indians of this section never attempted @@ -3378,8 +3336,8 @@ Brownsville, and by a man named Stein. This was in <i>Informant's</i> plant and continued two years. The <i>Brownsville Times</i> was started June 15, 1889, by McDonald & Cavendish. With several changes of editors this paper -is still printed, the present proprietors being F. M. Brown -and A. B. Cavender.</p> +is still printed, the present proprietors being F. M. Brown +and A. B. Cavender.</p> <p>The question as to why the first settlers came to Oregon is difficult to determine. It seems, however, from the @@ -3406,10 +3364,10 @@ first settlers, and I believe the only one above Brownsville.</p> <p>I crossed the plains in 1846, stopping near Oregon City till the next fall, when I settled in Brush Creek Valley, Brush Creek being the south fork of the Calapooia. When I came here I found Alexander -Kirk, W. R. Kirk, James Blakely, Hugh L. Brown, and Jonathan +Kirk, W. R. Kirk, James Blakely, Hugh L. Brown, and Jonathan Keeney, all living in the vicinity of where Brownsville now is, they all having crossed the plains in 1846 and come on up the valley to the -Calapooia. I also found R. C. Finley some six miles farther up the +Calapooia. I also found R. C. Finley some six miles farther up the stream, who also crossed the plains the same year, but settled on the Calapooia in the spring of 1847. Mrs. Agnes B. Courtnay, who came to Oregon in 1845, and whose husband had been killed near Oregon @@ -3491,7 +3449,7 @@ This put a stop to their stealing in this part of the country and we were not annoyed after that by the natives, and they never called for the pay for their land.</p> -<p>The Rev. H. H. Spalding taught a neighborhood school in a log +<p>The Rev. H. H. Spalding taught a neighborhood school in a log schoolhouse one mile above where Brownsville now stands in the summer of 1849, there being no public schools in the country at that time. The first school district on the Calapooia, being the third in @@ -3510,7 +3468,7 @@ done, but we had no real assurance that such would be the case.</p> <p>Among the early county officers of Linn County, after its organization under the Territorial Government, quite a number were living on -the Calapooia, Alexander Kirk being elected county judge, N. D. Jack +the Calapooia, Alexander Kirk being elected county judge, N. D. Jack assessor, John A. Dunlap representative, and William McCaw clerk in 1849, and in 1850 several men who were elected to county officers went to the mines and failed to qualify, among them the county treasurer, @@ -3523,14 +3481,14 @@ county. In 1856 I served as second lieutenant in the Rogue-river war. In 1862 was elected sheriff for two years.</p> <p>Yours truly,</p> -<p class="left65">T. A. RIGGS.</p> +<p class="left65">T. A. RIGGS.</p> </div> <h3>DOCUMENTS.</h3> <p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_78" id="Page_78">78</a></span></p> -<p>A letter of M. M. McCarver to Hon. A. C. Dodge, Delegate +<p>A letter of M. M. McCarver to Hon. A. C. Dodge, Delegate to Congress from Iowa, written immediately on the arrival of the immigration of 1843.</p> @@ -3543,14 +3501,14 @@ taken it from the <i>Iowa Gazette</i>, where it was originally printed.]</p> <p class="center">OREGON.</p> -<p class="center">ARRIVAL OF EMIGRATION COMPANY NO. I.</p> +<p class="center">ARRIVAL OF EMIGRATION COMPANY NO. I.</p> <p>On the first page of to-day's paper will be found a notice of the return of Lieutenant Fremont's exploring company. By this company we are put into possession of several interesting letters from different members of the emigrating company, and, among others, three from -our former townsman, M. M. McCarver, one of which, directed to our -delegate, together with a letter written by P. H. Burnett to the <i>Saint +our former townsman, M. M. McCarver, one of which, directed to our +delegate, together with a letter written by P. H. Burnett to the <i>Saint Louis Reporter</i>, we publish below.—<i>Iowa Gazette</i> [Burlington].</p> <p class="center"> @@ -3624,9 +3582,9 @@ for industry and enterprise.</p> <p>I am, very respectfully, your obedient servant,</p> -<p class="left65">M. M. McCARVER.</p> +<p class="left65">M. M. McCARVER.</p> -<p class="i2"><i>Hon. C. A. Dodge.</i></p> +<p class="i2"><i>Hon. C. A. Dodge.</i></p> </div> <p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_80" id="Page_80">80</a></span></p> <hr class="l15" /> @@ -3649,14 +3607,14 @@ me to give a sketch of my travels since I first arrived in Missouri. It is not possible for me to do so, with any degree of accuracy at present. Although I have a Journal of much of my trampings, it is now 200 miles distant, and I will not be able to get it before our mail starts for -the U. S. I have also a daily journal of our journey to this country, +the U. S. I have also a daily journal of our journey to this country, and one of the weather for the first year I was here, which I sent you by the return party of 1845, but we have ascertained, that our letters were all lost, so I am aware you did not receive mine of '45, but hope it may not keep you from writing in the spring.</p> <p>The Ship by which I intended to send you letters, was sold at the -Sandwich Islands, and consequently did not return to the U. S. Now +Sandwich Islands, and consequently did not return to the U. S. Now of my tramp: I will mearly say that I have ranged over nearly the whole country west of the Missouri River and east of the Rocky Mountains, from the British line on the north to the center of New Mexico @@ -3710,7 +3668,7 @@ but the two last years has so increased the population that two fifths are now strangers to me; 1844 gave by land an emigration of about 1,200; 1845 nearly twice that number; this year we expect them by the thousands. The people who come here are from all parts of the -globe, but mostly from the western states of the U. S. A great portion +globe, but mostly from the western states of the U. S. A great portion are single men, roving characters, who are from every place but this, and this they can not well leave; and the prospects of our infant country are so flattering that we have no inclination to leave it; at present @@ -3736,7 +3694,7 @@ beautiful; it is bounded on the north by the Columbia, west by the ocean, and south and east by heavy timbered land; it is about twenty miles in length by two in breadth; from the sea beach to the big timber the soil is of the best quality, capable of producing any vegetation -grown in any of the northern or western states in the U. S. As the +grown in any of the northern or western states in the U. S. As the wind is nine tenths of the time from the salt water, I believe it to be one of the most healthy places on the globe. It is now four years since the first whites settled here, and there has not been a case of sickness @@ -3750,7 +3708,7 @@ and shellfish (?) which we have in abundance.</p> <p>The number of families at this place is fourteen, counting in five bachelor halls. The tide flows from 9 to 12 feet perpendicular at the mouth of the Columbia. We will now proceed up the river. Thirteen -miles from the bar is old Astoria, now occupied by the H. B. Co. This +miles from the bar is old Astoria, now occupied by the H. B. Co. This place is a beautiful situation for a town, and will probably be the New York of Oregon; it has a full view of the whole harbor, and a vessel can lay at any time in perfect safety. Now three miles and we come @@ -3807,9 +3765,9 @@ there are many packed and sent to foreign markets annually.</p> claim of six hundred and forty acres of land, about fifty acres timber, the rest prairie—laying immediately on the Pacific. We are all very anxious to hear the result of the treaty (if one is made) between the -<i>U. S.</i> and John Bull. We are very much afraid Uncle will fool away +<i>U. S.</i> and John Bull. We are very much afraid Uncle will fool away the north of the Columbia; if he does we shall be <i>Silux</i>. We are very -anxious the U. S. should extend her jurisdiction over our valuable +anxious the U. S. should extend her jurisdiction over our valuable country, and we are nearly out of patience with the delay. We are not all thieves and runaways, as represented by the Hon Mr. Mc——, nor our country a booty. Boy, if it is, it's inferior to none in point @@ -3823,7 +3781,7 @@ want is a little of Uncle Sam's care, that capitalists may be safe in investing their money.</p> <p>Merchandise is generally high here, owing to the scarcity and great -demand. Salt $1 per bush.; sugar 12½ cts. per lb.; coffee 25 cts. per lb.; +demand. Salt $1 per bush.; sugar 12½ cts. per lb.; coffee 25 cts. per lb.; molasses 50 cts. per gal.: tea 50 cts. to $1.50; nails 18 cts.: window <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_84" id="Page_84">84</a></span> glass 10 to 12 cts. per light; dry goods in proportion; beef, pork, hides, @@ -3844,7 +3802,7 @@ and should like to see some of you in Oregon.</p> <p class="i2"> Yours, most affectionate,<br /> -<span class="left65">T. B. WOOD.</span></p> +<span class="left65">T. B. WOOD.</span></p> <p class="center">(<span class="smcap">I. Nash.</span>—My consent to publish this if you think it of any interest).</p> </div> @@ -3910,7 +3868,7 @@ the best business in Oregon.</p> <p>I would write much more, had I time and room on my sheet—though I am sure it would not be very interesting. Be sure and send me a -letter every time the Ship Whiton sailed for the U. S. as it will return +letter every time the Ship Whiton sailed for the U. S. as it will return to this country. Be sure and avail that chance though I missed it. Give Father my Respects; tell him I intend on coming to see him once more. I must scratch a few lines to sisters, so I bid you a Farewell.</p> @@ -3926,14 +3884,14 @@ time. Give my love to all cousins and inquiring friends. Write every chance.</p> <p>Good by, your affectionate brother,<br /> -<span class="left65">T. B. WOOD.</span></p> +<span class="left65">T. B. WOOD.</span></p> -<p class="i2">To <i>I. Nash</i>, <i>S. C. Nash</i>, <i>J. A. Wood</i>.</p> +<p class="i2">To <i>I. Nash</i>, <i>S. C. Nash</i>, <i>J. A. Wood</i>.</p> <p> The above letter was folded, and sent without an envelope: It was sealed with a red seal; it cost ten cents postage; it was mailed at St. Joseph, Mo.; it was directed -to Isaac Nash, Ballston Spa, Sarotogo County, N. Y.; it arrived at Sarotogo +to Isaac Nash, Ballston Spa, Sarotogo County, N. Y.; it arrived at Sarotogo Springs June 5th. It was marked <i>Missent</i>. This letter was written on large sheets of pale blue paper with black ink, and is in good preservation now, 1908.—<i>Florence E. Baker.</i></p> @@ -3955,7 +3913,7 @@ specific gravity of the water.</p> the words "blue" and "mountain" should not begin with capital letters.</p> -<p>Mr. H. S. Lyman requests the insertion of the following +<p>Mr. H. S. Lyman requests the insertion of the following note referring to the recently published "Complete History of Oregon":</p> @@ -4006,7 +3964,7 @@ notice in a second edition, if this should be produced. Such investigation and criticism would also establish more firmly in public confidence such data as do not prove open to question.</p> -<p class="left65">H. S. LYMAN.</p> +<p class="left65">H. S. LYMAN.</p> <p class="i2"><i>Astoria, Oregon, May 13, 1903.</i></p> </div> @@ -4127,7 +4085,7 @@ would be a change in the presidency.</p> <p>The long journey of Governor Lane, accompanied by ex-Delegate Meek, now United States Marshal, across the -continent by the Santa Fé trail, and up the coast from +continent by the Santa Fé trail, and up the coast from San Francisco, is one of the stirring incidents of those stirring times, and on the third of March, 1849, but one day before the expiration of President Polk's term of @@ -4346,7 +4304,7 @@ the old man's heart.</p> <p>And while in a few days a more generous impulse came over him, and he himself took down the flag and had the serpent removed from the eagle's beak, yet with that -single exception, until the final pæan of victory was sung +single exception, until the final pæan of victory was sung at Appomattox, that silken emblem of his beloved country caressed by summer zephyrs and kissed by the soft mists of winter, floated undisturbed above his patriotic @@ -4409,15 +4367,15 @@ the whole of Oregon and Washington, the force having <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_99" id="Page_99">99</a></span> been reduced to its lowest possible limit by withdrawals to strengthen the forces in the East. These troops were -distributed as follows: 111 men, under Capt. H. M. +distributed as follows: 111 men, under Capt. H. M. Black, at Vancouver; 116 men, under Major Lugenbeel, at Colville; 127 men, under Major Steen, at Walla Walla; 41 men, under Captain Van Voast, at the Cascades; 43 -men, under Capt. F. T. Dent, at Hoskins; 110 men at +men, under Capt. F. T. Dent, at Hoskins; 110 men at the two posts of Steilacoom and Camp Pickett, and 54 men under Lieutenant-Colonel Buchanan, at The Dalles, all under the general command of Colonel Wright, with -Brig.-Gen. E. V. Sumner commanding the military department +Brig.-Gen. E. V. Sumner commanding the military department of the Pacific.</p> <p>Twofold dangers threatened the widely scattered settlements; @@ -4431,7 +4389,7 @@ tried men's souls.</p> <p>In June, 1861, Colonel Wright made a requisition upon Governor Whiteaker for a three-year cavalry company to be mustered into the service of the United States and -A. P. Dennison, former Indian Agent at The Dalles, was +A. P. Dennison, former Indian Agent at The Dalles, was appointed enrolling officer. Suspicion of the loyalty of both the Governor and of Dennison to the Union cause, retarded enlistment and finally led to the abandonment @@ -4458,19 +4416,19 @@ flower of Southern chivalry.</p> <p>From the lava beds of Jackson County to the plains of the Tualatin rang the bugle call to duty and the pick of the youth of this young State were soon in the saddle -under the guidon of freedom. R. F. Maury was commissioned +under the guidon of freedom. R. F. Maury was commissioned lieutenant-colonel, Benjamin F. Harding, -quartermaster, C. S. Drew major, and J. S. Rinearson +quartermaster, C. S. Drew major, and J. S. Rinearson junior major. Each volunteer furnished his own horse and received for himself and mount $31 a month, $100 bounty and a land warrant for one hundred and sixty acres of land. Company "A" was raised in Jackson County, -Capt. T. S. Harris; Company "B" in Marion County, -Capt. E. J. Harding; "C" at Vancouver, Capt. Wm. +Capt. T. S. Harris; Company "B" in Marion County, +Capt. E. J. Harding; "C" at Vancouver, Capt. Wm. Kelly; "D" in Jackson County by Capt. S. Truax; "E" by Capt. George B. Currey in Wasco County; "F" by Capt. William J. Matthews in Josephine County; and -Capt. D. P. Thompson of Oregon City and Capt. R. Cowles +Capt. D. P. Thompson of Oregon City and Capt. R. Cowles of the Umpqua also had companies. Six complete companies rendezvoused at Vancouver in May, 1862, and were clothed in government uniforms and armed with @@ -4539,7 +4497,7 @@ risen in his place, surrounded by all the illustrations of Roman glory, and declared that advancing Hannibal was just and that Carthage should be dealt with in terms of peace? What would have been thought, if after the battle -of Cannæ, a senator had denounced every levy of the +of Cannæ, a senator had denounced every levy of the Roman people, every expenditure of its treasure, every appeal to the old recollections and the old glories?" Mr. Fessenden, of Maine, who sat near, responded in an undertone, @@ -4633,7 +4591,7 @@ of Oakland, was a member of the eighty sixth Illinois Volunteers; Charles Harker was a lieutenant; Roswell C. Lampson, still living in Portland, was the first naval cadet from Oregon, and served with conspicuous gallantry -and fidelity throughout the war; Capt. W. L. +and fidelity throughout the war; Capt. W. L. <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_105" id="Page_105">105</a></span> Dall, of the steamship Columbia, was appointed a lieutenant in the navy; and many of the regular army officers, @@ -4661,7 +4619,7 @@ no doubt.</p> <p>As early as shortly after Lincoln's election in 1860, Senator Gwin, of California, with the undoubted knowledge -and coöperation of Joseph Lane, of Oregon, formulated +and coöperation of Joseph Lane, of Oregon, formulated a plan for a slave-holding republic on the Pacific coast, with an aristocracy similar to the old Republic of Venice, vesting all power in a hereditary nobility, with @@ -4949,7 +4907,7 @@ thousand people along the western shore of the Mississippi in Arkansas, Iowa, Louisiana, and Missouri. These states were long on the firing line of American civilization, and their people subsisted by general farming, or -by outfitting ox-train merchandise caravans for Santa Fé +by outfitting ox-train merchandise caravans for Santa Fé and Chihuahua, or by outfitting and trading with pioneer <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_113" id="Page_113">113</a></span> settlers <i>en route</i> to Oregon, or gold seekers flocking to @@ -6321,7 +6279,7 @@ if at the same time they have exposed its infant manufacturing industries to the competition of the large capitalization <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_126" id="Page_126">126</a></span> of the Atlantic seaboard and the Ohio Valley. In -1850 the West had 79½ miles of railroad, all in Louisiana. +1850 the West had 79½ miles of railroad, all in Louisiana. All the rest of the westward stretch of the nation to the Pacific was without so much as a single rail. What Louisiana could so proudly boast of in 1850 was less than @@ -6560,12 +6518,12 @@ disappeared, and the town by a cabin and a shed."</p> <p>This condition was soon to be changed, for the trains of immigrants were beginning to arrive in the Willamette Valley, and some were to push on to the extreme western -limit of the continent. In 1843 J. M. Shively came to +limit of the continent. In 1843 J. M. Shively came to Astoria and took up a claim in what is now the heart of the city, and known as Shively's Astoria. He was followed by Col. John McClure, who took the claim joining the Shively claim on the west, and now known as McClure's -Astoria, and A. E. Wilson, who located on the +Astoria, and A. E. Wilson, who located on the claim to the east of Shively's claim, and now known as Adair's Astoria. These three men and James Birnie, the trader, in charge of the Hudson Bay Company's @@ -6583,7 +6541,7 @@ Hall," on the ridge near the eastern limit of his claim. Mr. Wilson lived in a cabin in Upper Astoria. There were several settlers on Clatsop Plains at this time, among the number being D. Summers, Mr. Hobson and family, -Rev. J. L. Parrish, Messrs. Solomon Smith, Tibbets, +Rev. J. L. Parrish, Messrs. Solomon Smith, Tibbets, Trask, and Perry. Ben Wood, N. Eberman, and other young men held claims on the plains, but lived elsewhere.</p> @@ -6600,12 +6558,12 @@ led to a dispute over the ownership of the claim which was finally settled by an equal division of the claim between the two interested parties.</p> -<p>When J. M. Shively returned from the East in 1847 he +<p>When J. M. Shively returned from the East in 1847 he brought with him his commission as postmaster and opened the first post office west of the Rocky Mountains in the Shively building, still standing on the east side of Fourteenth Street, between Exchange Street and Franklin -Avenue. The next year S. T. McKean, wife, and six +Avenue. The next year S. T. McKean, wife, and six children arrived and took up their residence here. In this year also the news of the discovery of gold in California led to a stampede to the mines and while some of @@ -6624,7 +6582,7 @@ above Tongue Point, was started. This mill was later destroyed by fire. In 1851-52 James Welch and others built the first mill in the city proper. It was located in the block bounded by Commercial, Bond, Ninth, and -Tenth streets. It was afterward owned by W. W. Parker +Tenth streets. It was afterward owned by W. W. Parker and known as the Parker mill.</p> <p>The increase in the amount of shipping led to the establishment @@ -6674,7 +6632,7 @@ Astoria." A road between the two places would have weakened the <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_135" id="Page_135">135</a></span> differences of both, isolation being the protection of either. In the upper town was the customhouse; in the lower town two companies of -United States engineers, under command of Major J. S. Hathaway. +United States engineers, under command of Major J. S. Hathaway. There were not, excepting the military and those attached to them and the customhouse officials, to exceed twenty-five men in both towns. At the time of our arrival in the country there was considerable @@ -6698,7 +6656,7 @@ point just north of the Occident Hotel. This was the first wharf erected in Astoria and was built in the early fifties. The picture also shows the old Methodist Church which was built in 1853-54, a cooper shop, the Shively -house, the present residence of Judge F. J. Taylor, and +house, the present residence of Judge F. J. Taylor, and the buildings occupied by the United States troops during their stay here. A few houses were not shown in the picture, those in the then western part of the town and @@ -6710,7 +6668,7 @@ The town included the Shively claim and a part of the McClure claim.</p> <p>With the incorporation of the Astoria and Willamette -Valley Railroad in 1858 by T. R. Cornelius, W. W. Parker, +Valley Railroad in 1858 by T. R. Cornelius, W. W. Parker, John Adair and others began Astoria's struggle for rail connections with other parts of the state and with the <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_136" id="Page_136">136</a></span> @@ -6728,7 +6686,7 @@ lower Columbia. The fishing industry was confined still to the smoking and salting of salmon and a considerable quantity was shipped to the Sandwich Islands.</p> -<p>J. M. Shively, who had been appointed postmaster in +<p>J. M. Shively, who had been appointed postmaster in 1847, left for the mines in 1849 leaving his deputy, David Ingalls, in charge of the office, who moved the office to his store on the southwest corner of Tenth and Duane @@ -6736,7 +6694,7 @@ streets. At this time Astoria was the distributing office for the entire Northwest, including the present states of Oregon, Washington, Idaho, and Montana. In 1853 San Francisco was made the distributing point for the coast. -T. P. Powers, who resided in Upper Town and was a part +T. P. Powers, who resided in Upper Town and was a part owner in that place, succeeded Mr. Shively as postmaster and moved the post office to upper town near the customhouse. This left Astoria without a federal office and @@ -6854,7 +6812,7 @@ until 1899, when all the land east of Van Dusen's Addition was cut off from the city.</p> <p>In the fall of 1874 the first grain ships to take their -entire cargo from Astoria were loaded by R. C. Kinney +entire cargo from Astoria were loaded by R. C. Kinney & Sons. This fleet consisted of the British ship Vermont and three other vessels. The same year the Astoria and Willamette Barge Company was formed for the purpose @@ -6885,7 +6843,7 @@ transaction. Astoria's share in the salmon packing business began with the erection of Badollet & Company's cannery in Upper Astoria in 1873. This cannery did not run the next season. A. Booth & Company built -the second Astoria cannery. Devlin & Nygant's, R. D. +the second Astoria cannery. Devlin & Nygant's, R. D. Hume & Company's, and Kinney's were built in the order named and all were in operation in 1876. Trullinger's mill was built during this year and Astoria now @@ -6907,7 +6865,7 @@ the Western Union Telegraph Company completed its line between Portland and Astoria, and Robert Mason & Company constructed a building and entered into the production of oil from salmon heads. During this year -a new enterprise was started at the canneries of M. J. +a new enterprise was started at the canneries of M. J. Kinney and Hanthorn & Company, that of canning beef and mutton. At Kinney's from September, 1876, to January, 1877, nineteen thousand five hundred cases of @@ -7251,8 +7209,8 @@ IN OREGON.</h3> <span class="smcap">Note.</span>—The material from which this paper has been prepared was derived from the following sources: manuscript account of "Woolen Mill," the "Journey to Washington," and the "Cargo of Wheat to Liverpool," written by Mr. Watt -and loaned to the author by Mr. S. A. Clark, of Washington, D. C., in whose possession -it has been. A series of articles in the <i>Oregonian</i> in 1881, by Mr. S. A. Clark, +and loaned to the author by Mr. S. A. Clark, of Washington, D. C., in whose possession +it has been. A series of articles in the <i>Oregonian</i> in 1881, by Mr. S. A. Clark, describing the journeys across the country and other incidents, obtained from manuscript and from conversations with Mr. Watt, with whom Mr. Clark was on most intimate terms; a paper containing recollections of his brother's life and @@ -7946,14 +7904,14 @@ many of them had begun to cultivate the earth and raise cattle.</p> well; that the Americans are building a town at the Falls of the Willamette; that a Mr. Moore of Mr. Farnham's party, some sixty years of age, was occupying one side of the Falls, in the hope that [the] government -would make him wealthy by the passage of a preëmption law; +would make him wealthy by the passage of a preëmption law; that the old man Blair, another member of the same party, was living comfortably a short distance above, as all who have read Mr. Farnham's travels will know that he deserves to do. Doctor Whitman left Oregon six months ago; ascended the banks of the Snake or Laptin -River to Fort Hall, and was piloted thence to Santa Fé by the way of +River to Fort Hall, and was piloted thence to Santa Fé by the way of the Soda Springs, Brown's Hole, the Wina, and the waters of the del -Norte. From Santa Fé he came through the Indians that have been +Norte. From Santa Fé he came through the Indians that have been <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_169" id="Page_169">169</a></span> removed from the States to Missouri. The doctor's track among the mountains lay along the western side of the Anahuac Range; and he @@ -8038,7 +7996,7 @@ costume—and lecture on the Northwest coast, I think there would be very few standing places. Much of his route was on foot and occasionally on horse or mule back, with a half-breed guide. To avoid the hostile Indians he had to go off to the Spanish country, and thence to -Santa Fé. A rascally hackman took him in at New York, and carried +Santa Fé. A rascally hackman took him in at New York, and carried him from place to place at his whim and finally put him down near the Battery, close to his starting point, charging him two dollars, and it being midnight he succeeded in the vile extortion.</p> @@ -8136,7 +8094,7 @@ amendment, on the 13th, and, as might have been expected from him, recommended that the bill do not pass. It is evident, notwithstanding, that the bill will pass when acted upon. Captain Stine [Steen], commanding the Dragoons at Fort Leavenworth, has addressed several letters -to Dr. L. F. Linn and others, wishing the Secretary of War to grant +to Dr. L. F. Linn and others, wishing the Secretary of War to grant him permission to accompany us with the Dragoons. I have postponed an interview with the Secretary of War till I am ready to leave for the West. I have sent many documents to you and others. You will @@ -8152,7 +8110,7 @@ interest in the matter.</p> <p>I am your most humble and obedient servant,</p> <p class="left65"> -J. M. SHIVELY.</p> +J. M. SHIVELY.</p> </div> <div class="blockquot"> <p class="center">From the <i>Ohio Statesman</i> of March 3, 1843.</p> @@ -8191,7 +8149,7 @@ Major of Cavalry, Assistant Adjutant General.</p> <p>Respectfully submitted to the Quartermaster General of the Army.</p> -<p>The records on file in this office show that J. M. Shively, of St. +<p>The records on file in this office show that J. M. Shively, of St. Louis, Missouri, stated under date of March 25, 1843, that his party would start for Oregon on April 20, 1843; and that he desired a company <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_173" id="Page_173">173</a></span> @@ -8219,10 +8177,10 @@ to Mr. Joseph Schafer, No. 311 Park Street, Madison, Wisconsin.</p> <p>No record of any correspondence with Captain E. Steen, 1st Dragoons, Fort Leavenworth, Kansas, during the year 1843, bearing on the matter of a military escort for emigrants is found, nor is there any -record of the communication of J. M. Shively referred to in the second +record of the communication of J. M. Shively referred to in the second indorsement hereon.</p> -<p class="left45"><span class="i6">S. F. LONG, (?)</span><br /> +<p class="left45"><span class="i6">S. F. LONG, (?)</span><br /> Major and Quartermaster, United States Army.</p> </div> @@ -8347,7 +8305,7 @@ were unanimously adopted.</p> <p class="left45"> JOHN A. FULTON, Chairman.</p> -<p class="i2">WM. E. GILMORE, Secretary.</p> +<p class="i2">WM. E. GILMORE, Secretary.</p> </div> <hr class="l15" /> @@ -8371,7 +8329,7 @@ very commodious steam ferryboat for those who are east of us.</p> <p class="i2">(Signed)<br /> <span class="smcap left45">One Who Intends to Emigrate.</span></p> -<p>N. B.—Newspapers who are friendly to the enterprise are requested +<p>N. B.—Newspapers who are friendly to the enterprise are requested to give the above an insertion.</p> </div> @@ -8511,7 +8469,7 @@ however, indicates that he came to the emigration from Burlington, Iowa, and evidently lived there, as his letter was printed first in a Burlington paper. He was chosen a member of the "cabinet advisers" of the captain—nine persons. Probably these points will serve to -identify him. Was he M. M. McCarver?]</p> +identify him. Was he M. M. McCarver?]</p> </div> <hr class="l15" /> @@ -8606,7 +8564,7 @@ like a public house than a Methodist preacher's.</p> of Washington, Pennsylvania:</p> <div class="blockquot"> -<p class="left45"><span class="smcap">Washington, D. C.</span>, February 6, 1843.</p> +<p class="left45"><span class="smcap">Washington, D. C.</span>, February 6, 1843.</p> <p><span class="smcap">Dear Sir</span>: Observing the interest you have taken in the "Oregon Bill," now before Congress, I conclude that a few notes, coming from @@ -8692,7 +8650,7 @@ bear a fine price here and will sell readily. Cows at from $50 to $75, oxen at from $50 to $100 per yoke; labor $1 per day; beef from 5 to 6 cents; salt salmon $9 to $10 per barrel of about 300 pounds; wheat $1; flour $4 per 100 pounds. Anything can be sold here. Butter from 25 -to 37½ cents; sugar, tea, coffee, and dry goods—plenty. American +to 37½ cents; sugar, tea, coffee, and dry goods—plenty. American horses bear better prices than they do in the States.</p> <p>The country exceeds my expectations, and certainly if man can not @@ -8714,7 +8672,7 @@ Statesman</i> of October 23, 1844, which quotes it from the <p>I am here in our new town, which we have named as above, in respect for Doctor Linn's services for this territory. Gen. M. McCalla -[M. M. McCarver] and myself have laid out the town together. He is a +[M. M. McCarver] and myself have laid out the town together. He is a gentleman from Iowa Territory, and laid out Burlington, the seat of government. He is an enterprising man. Our place is ten miles from Vancouver, on the west bank of the Wallamette River, at the head of @@ -8886,7 +8844,7 @@ water powers in the world.</p> <div class="blockquot"><p> Of the foregoing documents, the editorial from the <i>Daily Tribune</i>, New York, of March 29, 1843, the second in the order of the excerpts, was found and copied by -Dr. J. R. Wilson; for all the others the editor is indebted to Prof. Joseph Schafer.</p> +Dr. J. R. Wilson; for all the others the editor is indebted to Prof. Joseph Schafer.</p> </div> <h2><span class="b13">THE QUARTERLY</span><br /> @@ -8952,7 +8910,7 @@ designating them by their several titles, and the dates of their passage. This law was generally known as the "Chapman Code," owing to the fact that the bill was introduced by and its passage secured through the influence -of Hon. W. W. Chapman, then a member of the +of Hon. W. W. Chapman, then a member of the legislative assembly.</p> <p>Soon after these two acts were passed, their validity @@ -8975,7 +8933,7 @@ Oregon City, in December, 1851. By law the judges of <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_187" id="Page_187">187</a></span> the district courts composed the supreme court of the territory. They were Thomas Nelson, Chief Justice, -O. C. Pratt, and William Strong. Of these Nelson and +O. C. Pratt, and William Strong. Of these Nelson and Strong had been appointed by Presidents Fillmore and Taylor, respectively, while Pratt was holding over under an appointment of President Polk. The former were @@ -8998,7 +8956,7 @@ as established by act of the legislative assembly, and in this opinion that body then assembled at Salem, readily concurred. This heated controversy about the location of the capital was, however, settled by a joint -resolution of Congress, adopted May 4, 1852 (10 U. S. +resolution of Congress, adopted May 4, 1852 (10 U. S. Statutes, 146). The first section legalized the act of the territorial legislature which located the public buildings, and the second section declared that the late session of @@ -9036,7 +8994,7 @@ volume of Statutes of Iowa of 1838 was called. In Judge Pratt's district the same lawyers would quote from the "Big Blue Book," as the Iowa Code of 1843 was called. There were but three or four copies of the <i>little blue book</i> -in the territory, one of which was owned by Hon. A. E. +in the territory, one of which was owned by Hon. A. E. Wait. The last time I saw it it was in the possession of Hon. Benton Killin. There were only two copies of the <i>big blue book</i> in Oregon and the statutes adopted by the @@ -9104,7 +9062,7 @@ We contended that in the organic act of August 14, 1848, a separate system of equity proceedings was contemplated, wherein it is provided that "each district court or judge thereof shall appoint its clerk, <i>who shall be the -register in chancery</i>": Act, August 14, 1848, § 9.</p> +register in chancery</i>": Act, August 14, 1848, § 9.</p> <p>That it was so understood by the members of the first legislative assembly appears by the act of September 14, @@ -9184,7 +9142,7 @@ becoming a member of the Oregon legislative assembly.</p> a candidate for member of the House of Representatives from Polk County. I was nominated by the same party as member of the Council, to fill a vacancy caused by the -resignation of Hon. A. L. Lovejoy, who had recently been +resignation of Hon. A. L. Lovejoy, who had recently been appointed Postal Agent for Oregon by President Pierce. Both Mr. Boise and myself were elected on the first Monday in June, 1853.</p> @@ -9268,7 +9226,7 @@ now living.</p> <p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_195" id="Page_195">195</a></span></p> <p>Responding to a request for an account of the operations -of Dr. D. S. Baker as a promoter and financier of +of Dr. D. S. Baker as a promoter and financier of transportation enterprises, and particularly of the Walla Walla and Columbia River Railway, I herewith submit some scraps of history.</p> @@ -9289,12 +9247,12 @@ ever used in the State. In 1861 he removed to Walla Walla, then a trading post adjacent to the army garrison established some years previously. He engaged in the mercantile business, being associated with William -Stephens. The firm name was D. S. Baker & Co., afterward +Stephens. The firm name was D. S. Baker & Co., afterward changed to Baker & Boyer, when his brother-in-law, John F. Boyer, was taken into the firm. The firm did a large business with the stockmen and settlers, and in outfitting miners and packers flocking by thousands to -the Oro Fino and Florence mines, and later to Boisé, +the Oro Fino and Florence mines, and later to Boisé, Idaho, and Montana. Sales were large and profits good, and the firm of Baker & Boyer flourished.</p> @@ -9331,7 +9289,7 @@ to Wallula. He organized a company under the corporate name of the Walla Walla and Columbia River Railroad Company in 1871. Among the original stockholders were Doctor Baker, John F. Boyer, Paine Brothers & -Moore, B. L. Sharpstein, Charles Moore, B. F. Stone, +Moore, B. L. Sharpstein, Charles Moore, B. F. Stone, William Stephens, William O. Green—all residents of Walla Walla. Doctor Baker was, however, the capitalist, and it was his money, his energy and unflagging perseverance @@ -9348,7 +9306,7 @@ charge. An attempt was made to drive logs to the mouth of the Yakima the following spring, but the water proved insufficient and the log drive was hung up. Another expedition was sent to the woods the following winter, in -charge of D. W. Small, afterward a well known resident +charge of D. W. Small, afterward a well known resident and business man of Walla Walla. He succeeded, by incredible effort, in bringing out the logs. A mill was erected on the banks or east bank of the Columbia above @@ -9448,7 +9406,7 @@ hearse," but no serious accident ever occurred on the line. It was strictly a daylight road, Doctor Baker persistently refusing to allow trains to be run at night.</p> -<p>H. W. Fairweather, who took charge of the road after +<p>H. W. Fairweather, who took charge of the road after its purchase by the Oregon Railway and Navigation Company, still tells of some of his early experiences. At that time the law required a printed schedule of freight rates @@ -9518,7 +9476,7 @@ MILES C. MOORE.</p> FRANCISCO.</h3> <p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_202" id="Page_202">202</a></span></p> -<p class="center">By <span class="smcap">Capt. John Mullan, U. S. A.</span></p> +<p class="center">By <span class="smcap">Capt. John Mullan, U. S. A.</span></p> <p class="center">From the Washington <i>Statesman</i> (Walla Walla) of November 29 and December 6, 1862.</p> @@ -9704,7 +9662,7 @@ will be put on; and, unless the capitalist is so convinced, it will be a difficult task to cause him to turn his capital into such a channel.</p> -<p>This age is, preëminently, an <i>utilitarian</i> one; in which +<p>This age is, preëminently, an <i>utilitarian</i> one; in which facts and figures are, particularly, the weapons with which the capitalist wages his financial war. Armed with these, his victory is in his own hands; not so armed, @@ -9934,7 +9892,7 @@ has led it. Of course, it is among the things of the past, but not on that account the less to be regretted. The experience in this matter may not, and, probably, never will find any field for application—for the spirit of all -preëmption, homestead, and donation laws, as since +preëmption, homestead, and donation laws, as since passed, has studiedly held two things in view, namely, the minimum amount of land commensurate with the object to be attained by their cession and the most rigid @@ -10081,7 +10039,7 @@ whereas I can guarantee a line by the route indicated of one half the distance and one half the time. I framed a memorial, which Judge Humason would introduce in Congress, for this line; and was promised by Mr. Harding -his coöperation to see that the matter was not allowed to +his coöperation to see that the matter was not allowed to pass unnoticed during the coming winter.</p> <p>Leaving Salem, a journey of twenty-four hours passes @@ -10275,7 +10233,7 @@ drive we passed through the extensive and rich fields of Major Bidwell, where eleven thousand acres of grain were being threshed—where his own mill stood ready to convert into flour the produce of his own fields; where his -own mammoth store furnished hundreds of his employés +own mammoth store furnished hundreds of his employés with all the wants of life; where his own energy was opening, with his own means, a wagon road from the Sacramento River to the Humboldt mines; and where @@ -10428,7 +10386,7 @@ personal recollections.</p> in a log cabin on the South Umpqua River, near Canyonville. One bright, clear day in October of that year, myself and brother, on returning from a trip in the -"cañon," saw standing, in an exhausted condition, a +"cañon," saw standing, in an exhausted condition, a white cayuse pony before the door of our home. The horse was covered with blood. Everything seemed quiet about the place. We rushed into the house and saw a @@ -10488,7 +10446,7 @@ a man by the name of Evans constructed a ferry across Rogue River, just below the town of Woodville. During the same spring a man by the name of Perkins also established a ferry on that river. The first donation land -claim was located by Judge A. A. Skinner, an Indian +claim was located by Judge A. A. Skinner, an Indian agent, in June, 1851. This claim is the Walker farm, near Central Point. Upon it he built the first settler's house ever built in the valley. Chesley Gray, his interpreter, @@ -10496,15 +10454,15 @@ also located a donation land claim in June, 1851. It is what is known as the "Constant Farm," near Central Point. The following named persons filed donation land claims prior to February, 1852: Moses Hopwood, on -Christmas day, 1851; N. C. Dean, at Willow Springs, +Christmas day, 1851; N. C. Dean, at Willow Springs, December, 1851; Stone and Poyntz, at Wagner Creek, -December, 1851; L. J. C. Duncan, Major Barron, Thomas -Smith, Pat Dunn, E. K. Anderson, and Samuel Culver +December, 1851; L. J. C. Duncan, Major Barron, Thomas +Smith, Pat Dunn, E. K. Anderson, and Samuel Culver had made their locations prior to February, 1852. I do not pretend that these were all, but the entire number of claims taken up to that time did not exceed twenty-eight.</p> -<p>In December, 1851, James Clugage and J. R. Poole +<p>In December, 1851, James Clugage and J. R. Poole located the first mining claim in southern Oregon, at a point near the old brewery in Jacksonville. They had been informed by a couple of young men who were passing @@ -10533,7 +10491,7 @@ on the Umpqua River, and fifteen of the whites were slain, only Smith and three of his companions escaping. The next fight of which we have any account was in June, 1836, at a point just below the Rock Point bridge, where -the barn on the W. L. Colvig estate stands. In this fight +the barn on the W. L. Colvig estate stands. In this fight there were Dan Miller, Edward Barnes, Doctor Bailey, George Gay, Saunders, Woodworth, Irish Tom, and J. Turners and squaw. Two trappers were killed, and @@ -10546,7 +10504,7 @@ cattle, while on their return were attacked by the Rogue River Indians and had a short, severe fight, in which several of the whites were badly wounded and some twelve or fourteen of the Indians killed. In May, 1845, -J. C. Fremont had a fight with the Indians in the Klamath +J. C. Fremont had a fight with the Indians in the Klamath country; it may have been a little over the line in California. Four of Fremont's men were killed and quite a large number of the Indians. Kit Carson was a prominent @@ -10588,7 +10546,7 @@ Camp Stuart, and Bear Creek in all government records is called Stuart's Creek. The captain's body was buried at a spot where the wagon road crosses the mill race in the town of Phœnix. Some years ago his remains were -taken up and sent to Washington, D. C., to be buried by +taken up and sent to Washington, D. C., to be buried by <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_232" id="Page_232">232</a></span> the side of his mother. Captain Stuart's last words were, "Boys, it is awful to have passed through all the @@ -10598,7 +10556,7 @@ Indian in this wild country."</p> <p>At the massacre of emigrants at Bloody Point, Klamath County, in 1852, thirty-six men, women, and children were murdered. Capt. Ben Wright and twenty-seven -men from Yreka and Col. J. E. Ross and some Oregonians +men from Yreka and Col. J. E. Ross and some Oregonians went out to punish these Modocs. Old Schonchin, who was afterwards hung at Fort Klamath in 1873, at the close of the Modoc war, was the leader. Wright gave @@ -10625,9 +10583,9 @@ dying from their wounds soon after.</p> <p>These murders, and many more that could be mentioned, brought on the Indian war of 1853. Southern Oregon raised six companies of volunteers, who served -under the following named captains, viz, R. L. Williams, -J. K. Lamerick, John F. Miller, Elias A. Owens, and -W. W. Fowler. Capt. B. F. Alden, of the Fourth U. S. +under the following named captains, viz, R. L. Williams, +J. K. Lamerick, John F. Miller, Elias A. Owens, and +W. W. Fowler. Capt. B. F. Alden, of the Fourth U. S. <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_233" id="Page_233">233</a></span> Infantry, with twenty regulars, came over from Fort Jones, California, and with him a large number of volunteers @@ -10679,12 +10637,12 @@ Josephine County on June 1, 1855. About the same time a man by name of ——. Philpot was killed on Deer Creek, Josephine County, and James Mills was wounded at the same time and place. Granville Keene was killed at a -point on Bear Creek, above Ashland, and J. Q. Faber was +point on Bear Creek, above Ashland, and J. Q. Faber was wounded. Two men, ——. Fielding and ——. Cunningham, were killed in September, 1855, on the road over the Siskiyou mountains.</p> -<p>On account of these various depredations Maj. J. A. +<p>On account of these various depredations Maj. J. A. Lupton raised a temporary force of volunteers, composed of miners and others, from the vicinity of Jacksonville, about thirty-five in number, and proceeded to a point on @@ -10713,7 +10671,7 @@ was away from home at the time, but returned on the following day to find his wife murdered and his home a pile of ashes. The Harris family consisted of Harris and wife and their two children, Mary Harris, aged twelve, -and David Harris, aged ten, and T. A. Reed, a young +and David Harris, aged ten, and T. A. Reed, a young man who lived with the family. Mr. Harris was shot down while standing near his door, and at a moment when he little suspected treachery from the Indians with @@ -10731,7 +10689,7 @@ were found the next day by volunteers from Jacksonville, our late friend, Henry Klippel, being one of the number. Mrs. Harris lived to a good old age in this county. Mary, who was wounded in the fight, afterwards became the -wife of Mr. G. M. Love, and was the mother of George +wife of Mr. G. M. Love, and was the mother of George Love of Jacksonville and Mrs. John A. Hanley of Medford. David Harris, the boy, was not in the house when the attack was made, but was at work on the place. His @@ -10744,7 +10702,7 @@ near the house.</p> <p>On October 31, 1855, the battle of Hungry Hill was fought near the present railway station of Leland. Capt. -A. J. Smith of the United States army was at that battle, +A. J. Smith of the United States army was at that battle, and a large number of citizens soldiery. The result of the battle was very undecisive. There were thirty-one whites killed and wounded, nine of them being killed outright. @@ -10776,11 +10734,11 @@ the Pacific, in November, 1855, had stopped at Crescent City while on his way to the Yakima country. He received full information while here of the military operations in southern Oregon. Skipping many details, it is -sufficient to state that he ordered Capt. A. J. Smith to +sufficient to state that he ordered Capt. A. J. Smith to <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_237" id="Page_237">237</a></span> move down the river from Fort Lane and form a junction with the United States troops under Captains Jones and -E. O. C. Ord (afterward a major-general in United States +E. O. C. Ord (afterward a major-general in United States army), who were prosecuting an active campaign in the region about Chetco, Pistol River, and the Illinois River Valley. Captain Smith left Fort Lane with eighty men—fifty @@ -10863,10 +10821,10 @@ I may have unconsciously made.</p> <p>There were some men who took part in the Indian wars of southern Oregon who afterward became prominent in the history of the Nation. I will name a few, viz, Gen. -U. S. Grant, Gen. J. B. Hood (late of Confederate army), -Gen. Phil Kearny, Gen. Wool, Gen. A. J. Smith, Gen. -Geo. Crooks, Gen. A. V. Kautz, Gen. Phil Sheridan, Gen. -J. C. Fremont, Gen. Joe Lane (candidate for vice president +U. S. Grant, Gen. J. B. Hood (late of Confederate army), +Gen. Phil Kearny, Gen. Wool, Gen. A. J. Smith, Gen. +Geo. Crooks, Gen. A. V. Kautz, Gen. Phil Sheridan, Gen. +J. C. Fremont, Gen. Joe Lane (candidate for vice president of the United States in 1860), Gen. Joe Hooker (who built the military road in the Canyon Mountains in 1852), and Kit Carson.</p> @@ -10978,8 +10936,8 @@ held at Salem and a committee of six citizens was selected to go and make an examination of the trail. Col. Cornelius Gilliam was the head of the committee of the American portion of the party, and Joseph Gervais, a Canadian -trapper, preëminent for general intelligence among his -class, went along to show the way. The Hon. T. C. Shaw, +trapper, preëminent for general intelligence among his +class, went along to show the way. The Hon. T. C. Shaw, nephew of Gilliam, was of the party (the youngest). He is at present (1887) county judge of Marion County, and recently went over part of the ground they then passed. @@ -11028,7 +10986,7 @@ Upon this representation a petition for the survey of a road was presented to the board of county commissioners early in 1874, and the viewing out and survey of such a road ordered, Porter Jack, Geo. S. Downing, and -John Minto to act as viewers, and T. W. Davenport as +John Minto to act as viewers, and T. W. Davenport as surveyor. The survey was made and the viewers' report in favor of an excellent roadway was made to the county commissioners of Marion County, August, 1874. The @@ -11113,10 +11071,10 @@ reach the summit by a greater meander and consequently afford a more gradual approach to this supposed lower point of the summit, and therefore be more favorable for railroad purposes. The order was made in accordance -with the suggestion, and Capt. L. S. Scott, Geo. S. +with the suggestion, and Capt. L. S. Scott, Geo. S. <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_247" id="Page_247">247</a></span> Downing, and John Minto were appointed viewers and -T. W. Davenport surveyor. After some loss of time by +T. W. Davenport surveyor. After some loss of time by efforts to locate a line of communication, Minto took one comrade and went eastward through the old pass, taking the altitude of it as he went and finding it, according to @@ -11157,8 +11115,8 @@ permanent interest which they did not discover. This seems hardly fair. From my point of view the Hon. John B. Waldo, who first observed the apparent lowness of the pass, and called my attention to it, is more entitled -to have his name attached to it than Col. T. E. Hogg, -whose name I understand was given to by J. I. Blair, +to have his name attached to it than Col. T. E. Hogg, +whose name I understand was given to by J. I. Blair, the railroad magnate of New York, who was one of the chief supporters of Colonel Hogg's enterprise.</p> @@ -11172,7 +11130,7 @@ examination for the pass for John Breitenbush a hunter who had cut his way to it ahead of them. Detroit was named by the man from Michigan who first opened a house for entertainment there. Boulder Creek was -named by T. W. Davenport on his survey notes in 1874. +named by T. W. Davenport on his survey notes in 1874. It makes in from the north at Idanha which was a Muskrat Camp of first surveying party, but renamed by the proprietor of the first summer resort house. Minto Mountain @@ -11207,7 +11165,7 @@ father and sister were valued members. Independence Valley was so named by the road viewing party in 1874. Our party rested there on the fourth of July. The first waterfall on the east branch was named Gatch's Falls -for Prof. T. M. Gatch, by election of the party, the young +for Prof. T. M. Gatch, by election of the party, the young members all having been his students. Marion Lake and Orla Falls at the head of it were named at the same time. The latter by the younger members of the company @@ -11245,7 +11203,7 @@ makers constructing lines of development.</p> <h3>REMINISCENCES.</h3> <p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_251" id="Page_251">251</a></span></p> -<p class="center">Secured by <span class="smcap">H. S. Lyman</span>.</p> +<p class="center">Secured by <span class="smcap">H. S. Lyman</span>.</p> <h4>ANSON STERLING CONE.</h4> @@ -11354,7 +11312,7 @@ Willamette. To accomplish this they went over to the Walla Walla, with the idea of working for Whitman long enough to pay for a pack horse. At Waiilatpu they found the doctor at home, and made known their intention. -"Boys," replied the Old Man (A. S. C.), "you +"Boys," replied the Old Man (A. S. C.), "you had better take Bob there, and all the provisions you <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_254" id="Page_254">254</a></span> need, and go at once. At the end of the season there will @@ -11386,7 +11344,7 @@ to look about the country, and taking the road to Tualatin Plains, was surprised, but greatly pleased, to meet on the way—at the house of Mr. Masters, near the present town of Reedville—an old friend, whom he had -known at the East. This was T. G. Naylor, long a well +known at the East. This was T. G. Naylor, long a well known resident of Forest Grove. By this hospitable friend Cone was invited to spend the winter on the farm on Gale's Creek, and actually spent two months, managing @@ -11567,14 +11525,14 @@ the ravens had taken care of the pork.</p> <p>In 1850 Mr. Cone, having recovered his health, located a claim on French Prairie. His father arrived in Oregon -in 1851. His brothers, Oscar and G. A., Jr., came in +in 1851. His brothers, Oscar and G. A., Jr., came in 1847. Three other brothers also became Oregonians, Oliver, Francis Marian, and Philander Johnson. All found claims near each other on French Prairie, or just across the river. Anson and Oscar are the only ones now living.</p> -<p>Of the old father, G. A. Cone, there are eighteen grandchildren +<p>Of the old father, G. A. Cone, there are eighteen grandchildren and thirty-seven great-grandchildren.</p> <p>Anson Cone was married in 1866 to Sarah A., the @@ -11634,7 +11592,7 @@ had been drowned in attempting to cross the Columbia.</p> <p>Mrs. Hopkins considers the account of the massacre as given in the June number of the <i>Native Son</i> [1899], which -was furnished by Mrs. O. N. Denny, as the most accurate +was furnished by Mrs. O. N. Denny, as the most accurate that she has seen. Mrs. Denny, Mrs. Hopkins' older sister, who was about twelve years old at the time of the tragedy, has a comprehensive recollection of the whole @@ -11677,7 +11635,7 @@ though now owned by herself with her husband.</p> Manson, Jr., being a resident of Portland; James Manson, living at Victoria; and William Manson, who was educated in Scotland, being principal of a school at New Westminister, -B. C. Another brother, Stephen, no longer +B. C. Another brother, Stephen, no longer living, who was named by his mother or his grandfather Lucier, is described by those who knew him as a man of remarkably handsome appearance, and bright intellect. @@ -11925,16 +11883,16 @@ would chop it up for fires. Teacher or large scholars did the sweeping.</p> <p> Respectfully.<br /> -<span class="left65">JOS. H. SHARP.</span></p> +<span class="left65">JOS. H. SHARP.</span></p> </div> <h4>THE MONTURES ON FRENCH PRAIRIE.</h4> -<p>In his history, H. S. Lyman speaks of "Montour, a +<p>In his history, H. S. Lyman speaks of "Montour, a character considered fabulous by Bancroft, but said to have made a settlement on French Prairie."</p> -<p>Referring to notes given me by Mr. L. H. Ponjade, one +<p>Referring to notes given me by Mr. L. H. Ponjade, one of the old residents on French Prairie, I found the following:</p> <div class="blockquot"> @@ -11972,14 +11930,14 @@ He was a fine shot with his rifle.</p> </div> <p>When I saw this mention of "Montour," I wrote to -my old friend, L. H. Ponjade, to ask if his mention of +my old friend, L. H. Ponjade, to ask if his mention of Monture meant the same that Lyman thus referred to, and he confirms it as the same, and adds: "The old place where they lived was about one quarter of a mile west of Parkersville. Every man with any knowledge of old settlers knows of the Montures."</p> -<p class="left65">S. A. CLARKE.</p> +<p class="left65">S. A. CLARKE.</p> <h3>DOCUMENTS.</h3> <p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_270" id="Page_270">270</a></span></p> @@ -12009,10 +11967,10 @@ Louis, Mo.]</p> <div class="blockquot"> <p class="center"> From the <i>Independence Journal</i>, September 12, 1844.<br /> -(Vol. I, No. 1, G. R. Gibson, editor.)</p> +(Vol. I, No. 1, G. R. Gibson, editor.)</p> <p>"Civis," in a communication, dwells upon the importance of the -Independence trade in outfitting Santa Fé traders. One hundred and +Independence trade in outfitting Santa Fé traders. One hundred and fifty thousand dollars are annually expended at Independence for this purpose. There are good reasons for believing that in a few years it will quadruple that amount. Concerning the outfitting of the Oregon @@ -12068,12 +12026,12 @@ taken from the <i>Ohio Statesman</i>, which quoted it from the the caption of "Independence: Its Trade and Prospects," the high state of prosperity of the town is spoken of. Wagon makers are employed to build seventy-five wagons -for the Santa Fé traders by next spring, in place of only -fifty made the present year. Santa Fé road within the +for the Santa Fé traders by next spring, in place of only +fifty made the present year. Santa Fé road within the State must be improved. United States Government should give it a port of entry, and the State legislature should locate a branch of State Bank there to accommodate -Santa Fé traders and commerce of western part of +Santa Fé traders and commerce of western part of State.</p> <div class="blockquot"> @@ -12084,25 +12042,25 @@ From the <i>Independence Journal</i>, October 24, 1844.</p> months since, arrived on Tuesday last with several other persons. They left Bent's Fort on the 22d of September. All was quiet and <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_272" id="Page_272">272</a></span> -well at the fort, but there was a difficulty between the Santa Féans +well at the fort, but there was a difficulty between the Santa Féans and Eutaw Indians. The Spaniards had killed some Eutaws; and the -head chief and five other principal chiefs went to Santa Fé to receive +head chief and five other principal chiefs went to Santa Fé to receive compensation. The Governor gave them what he could, or what he thought was enough, and, refusing to give more, the head chief, in a passion, pulled his beard, when he seized his sword and killed him and another, and the guards, being called, fell upon the other four and killed them. The Indians who accompanied them immediately left, and killed, on their retreat, several Spaniards who were going from -Taos to Santa Fé. Altogether they had killed ten or twelve Spaniards. -A war between the Indians and Santa Féans, of course, was +Taos to Santa Fé. Altogether they had killed ten or twelve Spaniards. +A war between the Indians and Santa Féans, of course, was expected. Some Spaniards, who were out on a buffalo hunt, met Colonel Owens' company at the Cimmaron, and dispatched immediately -an express to Santa Fé. They made up a company at Santa -Fé, on receipt of the intelligence, among whom were Messrs. Chavis, -Armigo, and Percas, to escort him to Santa Fé; and brought out fresh +an express to Santa Fé. They made up a company at Santa +Fé, on receipt of the intelligence, among whom were Messrs. Chavis, +Armigo, and Percas, to escort him to Santa Fé; and brought out fresh mules, and everything they would probably need. Colonel Owens -accompanied them to Santa Fé, where a ball was to be given him. -They met Charles Bent, Mr. Alvarez (our consul at Santa Fé), and Mr. +accompanied them to Santa Fé, where a ball was to be given him. +They met Charles Bent, Mr. Alvarez (our consul at Santa Fé), and Mr. Ferguson, at Choteau's [Chouteau's] Island, about three days' travel this side of Bent's Fort. Mr. St. Vrais [Vrain?] was this side of Corn Creek with waggons, going on well. Doctor Connolly, with Lucas, was @@ -12411,7 +12369,7 @@ with South America, Mexico, India, and other parts.</p> this work by the force of circumstances, we should secure the transportation of the English trade on account of the great shortening of time.</p> -<p>All the coöperation and assistance that Mr. Whitney asks the government +<p>All the coöperation and assistance that Mr. Whitney asks the government is a grant of sixty miles wide of the public land, from one terminus of the contemplated road to the other, for which a full consideration would be given in carrying the mails, and transporting ammunition @@ -12455,54 +12413,54 @@ said rules and regulations, and having given the subject that attention which its importance demands, beg leave respectfully to report the following as the result of their deliberations, viz:</p> -<p>§ 1. This association shall be known by the style and name of the +<p>§ 1. This association shall be known by the style and name of the "Savannah Oregon Emigrating Company."</p> -<p>§ 2. Any person over the age of sixteen may become a member of +<p>§ 2. Any person over the age of sixteen may become a member of <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_279" id="Page_279">279</a></span> this company by subscribing to this constitution and paying into the treasury the initiation fee of one dollar.</p> -<p>§ 3. No person under the age of twenty-one years can become a +<p>§ 3. No person under the age of twenty-one years can become a member without the consent of their legal guardian.</p> -<p>§ 4. No person shall be admitted whose intention is obviously apparent +<p>§ 4. No person shall be admitted whose intention is obviously apparent to avoid payment of his debts.</p> -<p>§ 5. A majority of the members shall have power to expel any +<p>§ 5. A majority of the members shall have power to expel any member for good cause.</p> -<p>§ 6. The officers of this company shall consist of a president, commandant +<p>§ 6. The officers of this company shall consist of a president, commandant captain, lieutenant, secretary, treasurer, and executive council of thirteen, the commandant being one thereof, and such other inferior military officers as the executive council shall determine.</p> -<p>§ 7. The president shall be elected on the adoption of this constitution, +<p>§ 7. The president shall be elected on the adoption of this constitution, and shall continue in office until the commandant captain shall be elected, when his functions as presiding officer shall cease.</p> -<p>§ 8. The secretary shall be elected on the adoption of this constitution, +<p>§ 8. The secretary shall be elected on the adoption of this constitution, and shall continue in office until the completion of the objects of this company; and he shall keep a record of the transactions of the company, and perform such other duties as usually pertain to his office.</p> -<p>§ 9. The treasurer (ditto as to election) shall collect and safely keep, +<p>§ 9. The treasurer (ditto as to election) shall collect and safely keep, and at the direction of the commandant shall disburse all moneys belonging to the company.</p> -<p>§ 10. The commandant captain, lieutenant, and such other military +<p>§ 10. The commandant captain, lieutenant, and such other military officers as the council shall determine, shall be elected when the company shall assemble at rendezvous preparatory to a final start; and they shall hold office until the completion of their journey, and shall perform such duties as usually appertain to military officers of their respective grades.</p> -<p>§ 11. The executive council, to consist of twelve men, beside the +<p>§ 11. The executive council, to consist of twelve men, beside the commandant, shall be elected when assembled at the rendezvous, and shall have general superintendence of the affairs of the company, and perform such other duties as may be assigned to them.</p> -<p>§ 12. The company shall elect, at least one month before the rendezvous, +<p>§ 12. The company shall elect, at least one month before the rendezvous, three inspectors (not members of the company), whose duty it shall be, after taking oath, to perform all duty faithfully, to inspect the wagons, teams, cattle, and provisions, and report to the executive @@ -12510,40 +12468,40 @@ council, who shall determine upon their report as regards the outfit of all members of the company; said inspectors to be paid a sum not exceeding one dollar for every day actually engaged in such services.</p> -<p>§ 13. The funds of the company shall be faithfully applied for contingent +<p>§ 13. The funds of the company shall be faithfully applied for contingent expenses in furthering the objects of the association.</p> -<p>§ 14. The necessary outfit shall consist of 150 pounds of flour, or +<p>§ 14. The necessary outfit shall consist of 150 pounds of flour, or 200 pounds of meal, and 60 pounds of bacon for every person (excepting infants) in the company.</p> -<p>§ 15. The wagons shall be expected to be able to carry double the +<p>§ 15. The wagons shall be expected to be able to carry double the <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_280" id="Page_280">280</a></span> amount of their loads, and the teams to be able to draw double the amount the wagons are capable of bearing.</p> -<p>§ 16. All cattle, excepting teams in use, shall be considered as +<p>§ 16. All cattle, excepting teams in use, shall be considered as common stock; an inventory of age, brand, kind, and number, shall be handed in by the contributor to the secretary, and at the termination of the journey the company shall account to each contributor for the amount inventoried.</p> -<p>§ 17. The number of cattle thus inventoried and put in shall never +<p>§ 17. The number of cattle thus inventoried and put in shall never exceed fifty to one driver.</p> -<p>§ 18. No ardent spirits to be taken or drank on the route, except +<p>§ 18. No ardent spirits to be taken or drank on the route, except for medicinal purposes, and if smuggled in shall, when discovered, be destroyed under the control of the commandant.</p> -<p>§ 19. Every person over the age of sixteen shall furnish himself +<p>§ 19. Every person over the age of sixteen shall furnish himself with a good and sufficient rifle, —— pounds of powder, and —— pounds of lead, to be inspected by the inspector, and reported on as in other cases.</p> -<p>§ 20. All members of this association shall assemble at ——, and +<p>§ 20. All members of this association shall assemble at ——, and on the —— day of ——, 1845, and organize for the final trip.</p> -<p>§ 21. * * * This constitution may be altered or amended at any +<p>§ 21. * * * This constitution may be altered or amended at any time by a vote of two thirds of the members present at any regular meeting of the company, or at any special meeting called by the commandant.</p> @@ -12552,8 +12510,8 @@ meeting of the company, or at any special meeting called by the commandant.</p> <p class="left65"> <span class="smcap">James Officer</span>,<br /> <span class="smcap">Wm. Deakins</span>,<br /> -<span class="smcap">B. M. Atherton</span>,<br /> -<span class="smcap">C. F. Hally</span>,<br /> +<span class="smcap">B. M. Atherton</span>,<br /> +<span class="smcap">C. F. Hally</span>,<br /> <span class="i4">Committee.</span></p> <p class="i2"><i>January 4, 1845.</i></p> </div> @@ -12601,7 +12559,7 @@ Lake. We traveled several days down this river, then crossed over on to the Snake River, and arrived at Fort Hall on the 25th day of August. Here I found some of the best beef I ever saw. From here we traveled down Snake or Lewis River, crossing and recrossing the same to Fort -Bosie [Boisé]; thence to Fort Walla Walla, crossing the Blue Mountains +Bosie [Boisé]; thence to Fort Walla Walla, crossing the Blue Mountains in our route. We passed them much easier than I expected.</p> <p>At Walla Walla myself and Reeves, and many others of the emigrants, @@ -12733,7 +12691,7 @@ and I am convinced while they continue this praiseworthy course we all will see more satisfaction and pleasure, and our little colony will profit thereby.</p> -<p class="left65">S. M. GILMORE.</p> +<p class="left65">S. M. GILMORE.</p> </div> <hr class="l15" /> @@ -13101,7 +13059,7 @@ West."</p> this historian in which he lays an unequivocal claim to the authorship of the works which have been published under his name. By his own words quoted above he admits -that the work was, at least in part, coöperative, and +that the work was, at least in part, coöperative, and that he was a compiler of the work of his assistants. And for any one man to assert authorship of the Bancroft series of histories would be preposterous. According to @@ -13116,11 +13074,11 @@ from foreign languages, of which Mr. Bancroft had no knowledge, proves that parts of the work are not from his pen, while the different literary styles (see for example, the review of Oregon I in the <i>New York Tribune</i>, -Nov. 26, 1886; in the <i>S. F. Argonaut</i>, Oct. 23, 1886; in +Nov. 26, 1886; in the <i>S. F. Argonaut</i>, Oct. 23, 1886; in the <i>Sacramento D. Record-Union</i>, Oct. 27, 1886; and in the <i>Portland Oregonian</i>, Oct. 28, 1886), and varying degrees of historical workmanship (Compare reviews of Oregon -II in <i>N. Y. Tribune</i>, January, 1887; and in <i>S. F. Chronicle</i>, +II in <i>N. Y. Tribune</i>, January, 1887; and in <i>S. F. Chronicle</i>, Jan. 13, 1887, with reviews of other Bancroft works) clearly reveal the work of a number of writers.</p> @@ -13275,7 +13233,7 @@ investment, let him have the sum, amounting to $5,500, with which to begin business. Obtaining credit in New York he shipped a ten thousand dollar stock of goods for San Francisco, and with Kenny organized the firm of -H. H. Bancroft and Company about December 1, 1856.</p> +H. H. Bancroft and Company about December 1, 1856.</p> <p>From the first, Mr. Bancroft tells us, he had a taste for publishing, and it was but three years until the inception @@ -13410,7 +13368,7 @@ writing had been limited to the preparation of some material for the proposed encyclopedia. But now, when he had reached the age of forty years, practically all of them except the first sixteen, spent in the world of business, -the head of the firm of H. H. Bancroft and Company +the head of the firm of H. H. Bancroft and Company made his first venture as a literary man, writing himself and rewriting the work of others. He began by <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_301" id="Page_301">301</a></span> @@ -13428,7 +13386,7 @@ But this matter subsequently had to be rewritten.</p> convinced that the history could not be complete without an account of the original inhabitants of the coast. To quote his own words, "I did not fancy them, I would -gladly have avoided them. I was no archæologist, ethnologist, +gladly have avoided them. I was no archæologist, ethnologist, or antiquary, and I had no desire to become such. My tastes in the matter, however, did not dispose of the subject. The savages were there, and there was @@ -13493,7 +13451,7 @@ concern. His constant tendency is to speak of work done by those in his employ as his work, neglecting a distinction between a publisher and an author, which is a vital one. The reputation of a publishing house depends -upon the workmanship of its employés, but that +upon the workmanship of its employés, but that of an author depends solely upon his own talents and the work of his own hands. While a publisher may with all propriety speak of work done by agents as his printing, @@ -13812,7 +13770,7 @@ of which state he had served in a diplomatic capacity. Cerruti's diplomacy was turned toward the securing of historical facts in the possession of the old Spanish residents of California, and the first task set for -his craft was to gain the coöperation of General Vallejo, +his craft was to gain the coöperation of General Vallejo, a native Californian, early alcalde at San Francisco, and colonizer of Sonoma. After several months' negotiations, his efforts were rewarded by a personal narrative from @@ -13850,7 +13808,7 @@ him was Edward F. Murray who, among other services, copied the records of the Santa Barbara missions. In March, 1877, Mr. Savage began work on the civil and ecclesiastical archives at Salinas, continuing the work at -San José, Santa Cruz, and Sacramento. With others, +San José, Santa Cruz, and Sacramento. With others, he obtained dictations of the highest importance from native Californians and others, and in 1877 and 1878 spent eight months in that work, visiting all the missions @@ -13895,7 +13853,7 @@ to the official records of the province, took the reminiscences of many old fur traders, secured the papers of others, and had help from several who had undertaken to write a history of the country: (Lit. Ind., 534; Hist. -N. W. Coast, preface, viii). It was from this data that +N. W. Coast, preface, viii). It was from this data that Mr. Bancroft in the years immediately following wrote, with the aid of some other writers, the History of the Northwest Coast, and the History of British Columbia, @@ -13962,7 +13920,7 @@ attachment existed, and in those days they were ranked with Alice and Phœbe Carey, the four being referred to as Ohio's boasted quartet of sister poets. The Fuller sisters contributed verse to the <i>Home Journal</i> of -New York City, of which N. P. Willis and George P. +New York City, of which N. P. Willis and George P. Morris were then the editors. Metta was known as the "Singing Sybil." Both sisters were highly eulogized by Willis, who regarded them as destined for a great future @@ -14186,7 +14144,7 @@ of the History of the Pacific States. Mr. Bancroft had long since decided that, unlike the Native Races, this work should be handled exclusively by his own house, and Mr. Nathan J. Stone was placed in charge of the -publication department of the firm, now A. L. Bancroft +publication department of the firm, now A. L. Bancroft and Company, to attend especially to this matter. The date of commencement of work by the printers Oak sought to have deferred that there might be no haste in searching @@ -14709,7 +14667,7 @@ work for Hubert Howe Bancroft and his assistants. <p>The History of the Pacific States, we have seen, was an evolution, passing through the stages of handbook and -encyclopædia before it became a history. But when the +encyclopædia before it became a history. But when the last idea had been reached, the development of the project was by no means complete, but rather just begun. The necessity of the Native Races was demonstrated before @@ -14777,7 +14735,7 @@ sections assigned to those whom he called his assistants, it was the so-called assistants who really wrote the History of the Pacific States, and Mr. Bancroft who did a few minor, or at any rate less difficult parts. Nor is it at -all true, as one authority has said (Appleton's Encyclopædia +all true, as one authority has said (Appleton's Encyclopædia of American Biography, I, 156), that Mr. Bancroft wrote the most important chapters. Of course, the surprising <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_337" id="Page_337">337</a></span> @@ -14865,24 +14823,24 @@ nowhere else to be found in print.</p> <p>A third result of the history plan, and one which is of importance to historical writers everywhere who have -large fields to cover, was the devising of a coöperative +large fields to cover, was the devising of a coöperative method for organizing the vast collections in the library. Mr. Bancroft makes the claim of having been the first to resort to such a division of labor; and points out (Literary Industries, 767) that his method avoids the repetition of details and insures a more thorough working up of the -field than does the coöperative method as the term is +field than does the coöperative method as the term is usually understood, under which the writers work independently of each other after the field is divided. Such a claim might indeed be granted had Mr. Bancroft announced himself as editor and reviser instead of author, and had he designated the part of the work written by each of his collaborators in accordance with the usual -custom in coöperative works. The printing of his name +custom in coöperative works. The printing of his name as author on the title page, and his general recognition as such in accordance with press notices following those of the Native Races, have, of course, largely lost for him -the credit of originating a coöperative method for the +the credit of originating a coöperative method for the organizing of large quantities of material.</p> <p>Concerning the understanding Mr. Bancroft had with @@ -14901,7 +14859,7 @@ the question was not then of the importance which it assumed with the later growth of the series. What the understanding was with those who first entered the library we can not say definitely, but his ideas on that -subject seems to have been a survival of the encyclopædia +subject seems to have been a survival of the encyclopædia project. To Mrs. Victor, just prior to her entering his service, he wrote on August 1, 1878:</p> @@ -15123,7 +15081,7 @@ mentioned as having done work on the second volume.</p> <p>Of this latter volume, Mr. Bancroft wrote one chapter, apparently the first, which deals with Pizarro and Peru. -Nemos and a writer named Peatfield (J. J. Peatfield, described +Nemos and a writer named Peatfield (J. J. Peatfield, described by Bancroft [Lit. Ind., 265-267,] as a "strong man and one of talent," was born in Nottinghamshire, England, August 26, 1833. His father, a clergyman, educated @@ -15135,7 +15093,7 @@ a tutorship, subsequently in 1862 going to Nicaragua to engage in cacao cultivating. This enterprise proved a failure. After attempting cotton, cacao again, and finally coffee all in vain, in 1865 he became a bookkeeper -at San José, the capital of Costa Rica. In January, +at San José, the capital of Costa Rica. In January, 1868, he was made a clerk and translator to the legation at Guatemala, and two years later, British Consul General for Central America. While holding the consulship of @@ -15286,7 +15244,7 @@ of Oak alone.</p> Oak's field and the first five volumes of the History of California are from his pen. (Nemos adds, "though he <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_350" id="Page_350">350</a></span> -neglected to put in institutions, leaving them for W. N. +neglected to put in institutions, leaving them for W. N. [himself] and Savage." In view of Oak's oft-repeated assertion that he was sole author of these five volumes, this must mean that they were supplied in other volumes. @@ -15402,10 +15360,10 @@ her friends the Applegates and McBrides, and among others, of Judge Deady and Elwood Evans. Valuable data concerning Hudson Bay rule in Oregon were furnished <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_353" id="Page_353">353</a></span> -her in a correspondence with Mr. A. B. Roberts +her in a correspondence with Mr. A. B. Roberts and Mr. Allen, formerly of the Hudson Bay Company. (This correspondence is now in the possession of Mr. -E. H. Kilham, of Portland, Or.) The work as written +E. H. Kilham, of Portland, Or.) The work as written made more than two volumes, and condensation was necessary. A chapter on geology and mining was omitted by Mr. Bancroft; the disposal of the manuscript on the @@ -15599,7 +15557,7 @@ their biographies were stricken from their place in the footnotes after the volume was set up, and other matter was substituted. (The original sheets with marginal annotations as to amounts paid and biographies to -be omitted are in the possession of Mr. E. H. Kilham of +be omitted are in the possession of Mr. E. H. Kilham of Portland, Oregon.) In view of these facts, we are forced to conclude that the business man in Mr. Bancroft, developed by the experiences and associations of a lifetime, @@ -15867,19 +15825,19 @@ Washington of that period by sight, and to be on terms of friendship with most of them, as well as most intimate with the majority. Among them were:</p> -<p>Ashael Bush, W. L. Adams, Thomas H. Pearne, T. J. -Dryer, Harvey W. Scott, H. L. Pittock, Beriah Brown, +<p>Ashael Bush, W. L. Adams, Thomas H. Pearne, T. J. +Dryer, Harvey W. Scott, H. L. Pittock, Beriah Brown, James O'Meara, W. Lair Hill, Wm. G. T'Vault, Samuel -A. Clarke, Mrs. Duniway, D. W. Craig, John Atkinson, -E. M. Waite, L. Samuels, John Burnett, J. M. Baltimore, -William Newell, P. B. Johnson, R. R. Rees, E. T. Gunn, -Charles Besserer, Eugene Semple, A. M. Poe, John Miller -Murphy, Randall H. Hewitt, L. G. Abbott, Thornton F. +A. Clarke, Mrs. Duniway, D. W. Craig, John Atkinson, +E. M. Waite, L. Samuels, John Burnett, J. M. Baltimore, +William Newell, P. B. Johnson, R. R. Rees, E. T. Gunn, +Charles Besserer, Eugene Semple, A. M. Poe, John Miller +Murphy, Randall H. Hewitt, L. G. Abbott, Thornton F. <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_366" id="Page_366">366</a></span> -McElroy, James N. Gale, J. R. Watson, David Higgins, -Charles and Thomas W. Prosch, John F. Damon, D. C. -Ireland, Francis H. Cook, S. L. Maxwell, H. C. Patrick, -R. F. Radebaugh, and many of their contemporaries, as +McElroy, James N. Gale, J. R. Watson, David Higgins, +Charles and Thomas W. Prosch, John F. Damon, D. C. +Ireland, Francis H. Cook, S. L. Maxwell, H. C. Patrick, +R. F. Radebaugh, and many of their contemporaries, as well as a host of their successors.</p> <p>Nearly all these were practical printers, and most of @@ -15951,7 +15909,7 @@ party went on up the river by canoe.</p> <p>May 18, 1839, the first proof sheet in the original Oregon Territory was struck off amid great rejoicing among the missionary party. A large number of publications -in the Flathead, Spokane, Cayuse, and Nez Percé language +in the Flathead, Spokane, Cayuse, and Nez Percé language <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_368" id="Page_368">368</a></span> was printed by the mission people. In fact, the press was in use a great deal until in 1846, when Doctor @@ -15992,7 +15950,7 @@ had fallen behind in the race, and the <i>Star</i> was moved to Portland, and its name changed to the <i>Oregon Weekly Times</i>. It lived much longer than most of the early newspaper ventures of the Northwest. Among its numerous -editors were A. C. Gibbs, Governor of Oregon +editors were A. C. Gibbs, Governor of Oregon <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_369" id="Page_369">369</a></span> during the Civil War period, and also W. Lair Hill, with whom all lawyers of Oregon and Washington are familiar @@ -16035,7 +15993,7 @@ journalistic power of the Northwest until the great dailies of Seattle forced it to the rear in the State of Washington.</p> -<p>Thomas J. Dryer was its first editor and A. M. Berry +<p>Thomas J. Dryer was its first editor and A. M. Berry the first printer. Henry L. Pittock became a printer in its office in November, 1853, and was admitted to partnership in 1856, and only four years later became its sole @@ -16047,7 +16005,7 @@ immensely wealthy.</p> <p>The <i>Daily Oregonian</i> made its first appearance February 4, 1861. It consisted of four pages, each page about -11½x18 inches, four columns to the page.</p> +11½x18 inches, four columns to the page.</p> <p>March 26, 1851, the <i>Oregon Statesman</i> was launched on the newspaper sea at Salem, the state capital, with Joseph @@ -16109,7 +16067,7 @@ Semple spent many years in all kinds of newspaper work in Oregon and Washington, beginning about 1870. Thomas W. Prosch learned to be a printer as he learned to read on the <i>Herald</i> at Steilacoom and the <i>Tribune</i> in -Olympia. C. B. Bagley began newspaper work in 1868 +Olympia. C. B. Bagley began newspaper work in 1868 <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_372" id="Page_372">372</a></span> and continued it with little intermission for twenty years. Samuel C. Crawford began as printer's devil for John @@ -16154,7 +16112,7 @@ until August, when it suspended. <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_373" id="Page_373">373</a></span></p> <p>July 5 of the same year the <i>Northwest</i> was started in -Port Townsend by E. S. Dyer, publisher, and John F. +Port Townsend by E. S. Dyer, publisher, and John F. Damon, editor. Mr. Damon continued with the paper until it suspended, before the second volume was completed.</p> @@ -16167,7 +16125,7 @@ violent career for several months, and later was followed by the <i>Message</i>, which ran several years under different management.</p> -<p>In 1874 C. W. Philbrick purchased the press on which +<p>In 1874 C. W. Philbrick purchased the press on which the last-named paper was printed, changed the name to <i>Puget Sound Argus</i>, and succeeded in placing it on a paying basis, a hitherto impossible achievement in Port @@ -16196,7 +16154,7 @@ own readers in Victoria and other parts of British Columbia on the arrival of the weekly mail. The Eliza Anderson, then the crack steamer of Puget Sound waters, made weekly trips, leaving Olympia early on Monday morning, -arriving at Seattle about 4 <span class="s08">P. M.</span>, and at Victoria early +arriving at Seattle about 4 <span class="s08">P. M.</span>, and at Victoria early Tuesday morning. The paper at once became very popular and gained an immense circulation for those days.</p> @@ -16245,11 +16203,11 @@ earned him rest.</p> paper published in Seattle appeared, dated December 11, 1863, nearly forty years ago. It was edited, set up, published, and with the assistance of an Indian for roller boy, -printed by J. R. Watson. The office was in the second +printed by J. R. Watson. The office was in the second story of one of Yesler's buildings, then standing near the present north line of the Scandinavian Bank Building. The paper consisted of four pages, the printed matter -on each page measuring 9½x14½ inches. The type and +on each page measuring 9½x14½ inches. The type and other material were destroyed many years ago, but the old Ramage<a name="FNanchor_41" id="FNanchor_41" href="#Footnote_41" class="fnanchor">[41]</a> printing press is a relic highly prized at the State University. The <i>Seattle Gazette</i>, <i>Puget Sound Gazette</i>, @@ -16280,12 +16238,12 @@ the <i>Alta California</i> was issued from it. From San Francisco it went to Portland and the first number of the <i>Oregonian</i> was taken off it. In 1852 it and the old plant of the <i>Oregonian</i> was bought by Thornton F. McElroy -and J. W. Wiley, who brought it around on the schooner +and J. W. Wiley, who brought it around on the schooner Mary Taylor to Olympia, where the first number of the -<i>Columbian</i> was printed on it. In 1863 J. R. Watson +<i>Columbian</i> was printed on it. In 1863 J. R. Watson brought it to Seattle, and December 10th the first paper, the Seattle <i>Gazette</i>, was printed on it. Again in 1865 -S. L. Maxwell used it to print the earlier numbers of the +S. L. Maxwell used it to print the earlier numbers of the <i>Intelligencer</i>.</p> <p>There seems to be no doubt that it was used to print @@ -16300,7 +16258,7 @@ to August 11th of the same year. <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_377" id="Page_377">377</a></span></p> <p>The Western Union Telegraph line was completed to -Seattle October 26, 1864, and at 4 <span class="s08">P. M.</span> of that date the +Seattle October 26, 1864, and at 4 <span class="s08">P. M.</span> of that date the <i>Gazette</i> issued its "Citizen's Dispatch," giving the first published dispatch coming by wire to this place. It gave the Eastern war news to October 24th, from Kansas @@ -16314,9 +16272,9 @@ Beriah Brown, editor, was any regular publication of the press dispatches undertaken here.</p> <p>In June, 1867, a suspension took place, and August 5th -next S. L. Maxwell sent to press the first number of the +next S. L. Maxwell sent to press the first number of the <i>Weekly Intelligencer</i>. The plant had come into the ownership -of Messrs. Daniel and C. B. Bagley, and Mr. Maxwell +of Messrs. Daniel and C. B. Bagley, and Mr. Maxwell was permitted to use the same and pay for it as he could out of the earnings of the paper. The type, rules, press, and much of the advertising matter of the older @@ -16376,16 +16334,16 @@ under several managements, until the great fire of June 6, 1889, destroyed it and most of its plant.</p> <p>Early in 1886 a joint stock company, consisting of Frederick -J. Grant, C. B. Bagley, Griffith Davies, Jacob Furth, -John H. McGraw, E. S. Ingraham, W. H. Hughes, +J. Grant, C. B. Bagley, Griffith Davies, Jacob Furth, +John H. McGraw, E. S. Ingraham, W. H. Hughes, <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_379" id="Page_379">379</a></span> Thomas Burke, and Dr. Thomas T. Miner, bought the <i>Post-Intelligencer</i> -from T. W. Prosch. Grant continued editor-in-chief, -Bagley was business manager, S. L. Crawford -city editor and reporter, and E. S. Meany had charge of +from T. W. Prosch. Grant continued editor-in-chief, +Bagley was business manager, S. L. Crawford +city editor and reporter, and E. S. Meany had charge of the carrier service.</p> -<p>Near the close of the same year L. S. J. Hunt purchased +<p>Near the close of the same year L. S. J. Hunt purchased the controlling interest in the paper and assumed management at once. He had come to Seattle with large financial backing, determined to go into the newspaper @@ -16432,7 +16390,7 @@ a year or more he was the owner of the <i>Intelligencer</i>, but sold it about 1879 as is noted elsewhere.</p> <p>One of the most widely known as well as popular of -the old-time newspaper men was E. T. Gunn. He worked +the old-time newspaper men was E. T. Gunn. He worked in the <i>Oregonian</i> office as early as 1851 and was one of its owners for a time. In 1855 he was engaged in newspaper work at Steilacoom. November 30, 1867, he started @@ -16446,7 +16404,7 @@ and for about six years while this schism continued it championed the cause of the "bolting wing" of the party. In 1872 an alliance between the bolters and the Democrats resulted in the overwhelming triumph of the fusion -party, Judge O. B. McFadden being elected to Congress +party, Judge O. B. McFadden being elected to Congress over Selucius Garfield, the Republican candidate. All the newspapers in Olympia were in sympathy with the fusionists, and this led to the organization of a company @@ -16460,10 +16418,10 @@ Washington in 1889.</p> <p>The <i>Daily Courier</i> made its first appearance January 2, <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_381" id="Page_381">381</a></span> 1872, and the weekly later in the week. During that -year H. G. Struve, then practicing his profession in +year H. G. Struve, then practicing his profession in Olympia, did much editorial work, while the late Fred Prosch had charge of the mechanical department. In -December C. B. Bagley became business manager and +December C. B. Bagley became business manager and city editor, and in June, 1873, he bought the office and newspaper. The daily was discontinued at the close of 1874. Mr. Bagley was appointed Territorial Printer in @@ -16500,7 +16458,7 @@ Nathan S. Porter, of Olympia, and Ike M. Hall worked <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_382" id="Page_382">382</a></span> together in that office. Hundreds of the older residents of Seattle remember Judge Hall, who died here about ten -years ago. Early in 1869 C. B. Bagley became the owner +years ago. Early in 1869 C. B. Bagley became the owner and publisher of the <i>Echo</i> for about a year. Like most of its fellows, it underwent all manner of changes of ownership, of form and place of publication during an erratic @@ -16518,7 +16476,7 @@ Mooney, which had been the organ of the Northern Pacific Railroad. This soon died. In 1880 there started the <i>North Pacific Coast</i>, but its life was brief.</p> -<p>R. F. Radebaugh, of San Francisco, and H. C. Patrick, +<p>R. F. Radebaugh, of San Francisco, and H. C. Patrick, of Sacramento, came to Tacoma and started the <i>Weekly Ledger</i> April 23, 1880. April 7, 1883, the <i>Daily Ledger</i> was started, and both the weekly and daily are still appearing @@ -16568,11 +16526,11 @@ White held some of its shares. At that time the paper was absolutely free from debt and had a good bank account and was making money for its owners.</p> -<p>Mr. W. E. Bailey, a wealthy young man from Philadelphia, +<p>Mr. W. E. Bailey, a wealthy young man from Philadelphia, had large interests here, and he became the victim to an ambition to conduct a big newspaper. Under these circumstances Mr. Hill had no difficulty in getting -his price for the <i>Press</i>. Mr. L. S. J. Hunt of the <i>Post-Intelligencer</i> +his price for the <i>Press</i>. Mr. L. S. J. Hunt of the <i>Post-Intelligencer</i> conducted the negotiations and made the purchase and at once transferred the property to Mr. Bailey. He made important additions to the mechanical department @@ -16641,7 +16599,7 @@ the United Service taken over. Later, and subsequent to the mortgage of $15,000 given to John Collins, the Associated Press franchise was again secured, and this was a vital point in the legal contest that arose, The Times -Printing Company, headed by Col. A. J. Blethen on one +Printing Company, headed by Col. A. J. Blethen on one side, and Hughes & Davies on the other.</p> <p>Colonel Blethen bought <i>The Times</i> August 7, 1897, and @@ -16657,7 +16615,7 @@ and one of the great dailies of the United States.</p> <p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_386" id="Page_386">386</a></span></p> <p>It is a labor of love to say that when the writer first -met W. H. Rees in 1844, the latter was, for a man in his +met W. H. Rees in 1844, the latter was, for a man in his twenty-fifth year, in advance of his general surroundings. His intelligence and manner of telling what he knew on any subject drew men near his own age to him strongly. @@ -16684,7 +16642,7 @@ twenty-five minutes, mounted on a good horse, with gold coin to purchase breadstuffs for ten persons for three months' journey, Rees was on his way back to Saint Joe. He and I then began a year of such intimate relations -to each other as leads me to say Capt. R. W. Morrison, +to each other as leads me to say Capt. R. W. Morrison, our employer, made no mistake in trusting Mr. Rees with the most important acts in conducting his <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_387" id="Page_387">387</a></span> @@ -16698,7 +16656,7 @@ easily our leader. Leaving that in June, 1845, and coming to Oregon City to vote, he still, without effort on his part, was by common consent in the first place. There were at Oregon City two young men I might claim as his -peers at that date—Charles E. Pickett and J. W. Nesmith. +peers at that date—Charles E. Pickett and J. W. Nesmith. It was the former and Rees, I believe, who led to the formation of the first literary association. Mr. Pickett was at that time reader from the public news box. @@ -16707,8 +16665,8 @@ choosing his subject, and of course extending from harmless fun to the most serious questions. This suggested the formation of the literary society, naturally.</p> -<p>J. W. Nesmith stood among the young men of 1843 -immigration to Oregon as W. H. Rees stood among those +<p>J. W. Nesmith stood among the young men of 1843 +immigration to Oregon as W. H. Rees stood among those of 1844. Both observers and helpers in the history being made, the former watching and participating personally in almost every forward movement, the latter wielding @@ -16764,7 +16722,7 @@ Bay Company information as to what these newly formed <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_389" id="Page_389">389</a></span> relations to the United States Government required of them, in which he was aided by neighbors and friends—Doctor -Newell and F. X. Mathieu. It was his pleasure +Newell and F. X. Mathieu. It was his pleasure and pastime to learn of the later life, death and burial in the French settlement of two of the gallant band, Philip Degrett and Francis Rivet, [The authoritative lists of the @@ -16811,7 +16769,7 @@ end. A change, slight and unperceived by ordinary observers, was noted by his intimate friends as far back as 1879, when a few lines in the annual address to the pioneers prepared by him but which he was unable to attend -and deliver, and were well read by F. M. Bewley, seemed +and deliver, and were well read by F. M. Bewley, seemed unlike the Rees of 1859. Yet in that address he characteristically goes to the very beginning of social free and easy interchange of personal views on the life of the @@ -16822,16 +16780,16 @@ are the names Charlie Pickett had on the membership roll. They were at times widely scattered and are designated upon the roll as regular and visiting members:</p> -<p>"John H. Couch, F. W. Pettygrove, J. M. Woir, A. L. -Lovejoy, J. Applegate, S. W. Moss, Robert Newell, J. W. -Nesmith, Ed Otie, H. A. G. Lee, F. Prigg, C. E. Pickett, +<p>"John H. Couch, F. W. Pettygrove, J. M. Woir, A. L. +Lovejoy, J. Applegate, S. W. Moss, Robert Newell, J. W. +Nesmith, Ed Otie, H. A. G. Lee, F. Prigg, C. E. Pickett, Wm. C. Dement, Medorum Crawford, Hiram Strait, J. Wambaugh, Wm. Cushing, Philip Foster, Ransom -Clark, H. H. Hide (Hyde?), John G. Campbell, Top -McGruder, W. H. Rees, Mark Ford, Henry Saffren, -Noyes Smith, Daniel Waldo, P. G. Stewart, Isaac W. -Smith, Joseph Watt, Frank Ematinger, A. E. Wilson, -Jacob Hoover, S. M. Holderness, John Minto, Barton +Clark, H. H. Hide (Hyde?), John G. Campbell, Top +McGruder, W. H. Rees, Mark Ford, Henry Saffren, +Noyes Smith, Daniel Waldo, P. G. Stewart, Isaac W. +Smith, Joseph Watt, Frank Ematinger, A. E. Wilson, +Jacob Hoover, S. M. Holderness, John Minto, Barton Lee, General Husted, and John P. Brooks.</p> <p>"Perhaps a more congenial, easy-going, self-satisfying @@ -16851,7 +16809,7 @@ most praiseworthy incidents of very earliest and most unlettered of the pioneers from those coming with Lewis and Clark and Astor's enterprise to those better informed who came after he himself was here. The contributions -of Willard H. Rees, J. W. Nesmith, and M. P. Deady to +of Willard H. Rees, J. W. Nesmith, and M. P. Deady to the Oregon Pioneer Association publication would alone constitute no mean volume of the history of Oregon, beginning with retired Canadian hunters and trappers who @@ -16905,7 +16863,7 @@ Farnham was chosen captain. They traveled to Bent's Fort on the Arkansas River without mishap, and to Bent's Fort on the Platte River [generally called St. Vrain's] became demoralized. Some went back, Mr. -Farnham went to Santa Fé, others went through the +Farnham went to Santa Fé, others went through the next year, but Joseph Holman, with Cook, Fletcher and Kilbourn, determined to go to Oregon. While away from the fort to get dry buffalo meat for food the Indians stole @@ -16989,8 +16947,8 @@ Documents 39, 21st Congress, 2d session, pp. 21-23. The whole document is taken up with a consideration of "the state of the British establishments in the valley of the Columbia, and the state of the fur trade, as carried on by the citizens of the United States and the Hudson's Bay Company," as shown in the communications -of Gen. W. H. Ashley, Joshua Pilcher, J. D. Smith, David E. Jackson, -and W. L. Sublette, and William Clark and Lewis Cass.</p> +of Gen. W. H. Ashley, Joshua Pilcher, J. D. Smith, David E. Jackson, +and W. L. Sublette, and William Clark and Lewis Cass.</p> <p class="left65"> <span class="smcap">St. Louis</span>, October 29, 1830.</p> @@ -17013,7 +16971,7 @@ drawn by five mules each, and two dearborns, drawn by one mule each, set out from St. Louis. We have eighty-one men in company, all mounted on mules, and these were exclusive of a party left in the mountains. Our route from St. Louis was nearly due west to the -western limits of the state and thence along the Santa Fé trail about +western limits of the state and thence along the Santa Fé trail about forty miles, from which the course was some degrees north of west, across the waters of the Kanzas, and up the Great Platte River, to the Rocky Mountains, and to the head of Wind River, where it issues from @@ -17155,7 +17113,7 @@ it before President Jackson.</p> <p class="left65"> <span class="smcap">Jedediah S. Smith</span>,<br /> <span class="smcap">David E. Jackson</span>,<br /> -<span class="smcap">W. L. Sublette</span>.</p> +<span class="smcap">W. L. Sublette</span>.</p> <p class="i2">To the Hon. John H. Eaton, <i>Secretary of War</i>.</p> </div> @@ -17213,7 +17171,7 @@ last. They have since proceeded on their way.</p> <p>We derive from a long letter in the <i>National Intelligencer</i> the following sketch of the Territory beyond the Rocky Mts., which is now -the theme of debate in the U. S. Senate.</p> +the theme of debate in the U. S. Senate.</p> <p class="center"><i>Newark Advertiser.</i></p> @@ -17342,7 +17300,7 @@ country, no consideration would ever induce them to return to their former homes."</p> <p class="left65"> -<span class="smcap">J. K. T. [Townsend].</span></p> +<span class="smcap">J. K. T. [Townsend].</span></p> <p class="i2">Washington, Jan. 26, 1843.</p> </div> @@ -17367,9 +17325,9 @@ must be encouraged by meeting so many here, returning."</p> <i>New Era</i>, Thursday, March 9, 1843.</p> <p>(Contains notice of "Travels in the Great Prairie Wilderness, the -Anahuac and Rocky Mts., and in Oregon Territory," by T. J. Farnham; +Anahuac and Rocky Mts., and in Oregon Territory," by T. J. Farnham; said to contain full account of a journey overland and the Methodist -missions in the Territory. Notice copied into "<i>Era</i>" from <i>N. Y. +missions in the Territory. Notice copied into "<i>Era</i>" from <i>N. Y. Tribune</i>, from which office it is issued.)</p> </div> <hr class="l15" /> @@ -17436,9 +17394,9 @@ them.</p> <p>Truly yours, etc.,</p> -<p class="left65"><span class="smcap">M. M. M. [McCarver]</span>.</p> +<p class="left65"><span class="smcap">M. M. M. [McCarver]</span>.</p> -<p>P. S.—My friend, Mr. Henry Lee, from Iowa, has just been elected +<p>P. S.—My friend, Mr. Henry Lee, from Iowa, has just been elected Capt. of one of the divisions. While writing, news has been brought in of the discovery of a dead Indian about one mile from this place, and freshly scalped, and nearly all the company have gone to see him. @@ -17479,7 +17437,7 @@ but furnishes no particulars.</p> <p>We have received from Mr. Edward Hutwa a very handsome, and, as far as we have any means of judging, a correct lithograph map of -the Oregon Territory, as claimed by the U. S., with a portion of the +the Oregon Territory, as claimed by the U. S., with a portion of the adjacent territory. The principal rivers, mountains, routes, trading depots, and the trading depots and forts of the Hudson's Bay Co., are laid down with accuracy. To those migrating to the Columbia, or to @@ -17596,7 +17554,7 @@ to take him, and got close to him. He saw Winslow, fired his gun, which missed its mark, the ball lodging in a tree on this side of the river within 2 feet of me, for I was at work at my garden at the time. The Indian then fired his pistol, 2 balls from which lodged in the shoulder -of G. W. LeBreton, clerk of the court, tearing his arm dreadfully. +of G. W. LeBreton, clerk of the court, tearing his arm dreadfully. Mr. LeB. seized the Indian with the other hand, and then threw him down. Winslow then ran up and knocked out his brains. In the meantime, 5 other Indians fired their guns, and then their arrows, @@ -17723,7 +17681,7 @@ heard, and it is probable that Mr. Meek may reach Washington before him.</p> <p>[Then follows proceedings of legislature, resolutions, etc., intended -to keep J. Q. T. from leaving the territory, quoted in full. Also Governor's +to keep J. Q. T. from leaving the territory, quoted in full. Also Governor's message, expressing the disappointment at the failure of Congress to extend jurisdiction over that country, etc.]</p> </div> @@ -17761,8 +17719,8 @@ death of Col. Gilliam, etc.]</p> <p class="center"> NOTE—A CORRECTION.</p> -<p>The name "L. H. Ponjade" occurring on pages <a href="#Page_268">268</a> and <a href="#Page_269">269</a> of the September -number of <span class="smcap">The Quarterly</span> should be L. H. Poujade.</p> +<p>The name "L. H. Ponjade" occurring on pages <a href="#Page_268">268</a> and <a href="#Page_269">269</a> of the September +number of <span class="smcap">The Quarterly</span> should be L. H. Poujade.</p> </div> <hr class="l65" /> @@ -17779,9 +17737,9 @@ number of <span class="smcap">The Quarterly</span> should be L. H. Poujade.</p> <ul class="none"> <li>Abbott, Captain, <a href="#Page_237">237</a>.</li> -<li>Abbott, L. G., <a href="#Page_365">365</a>.</li> +<li>Abbott, L. G., <a href="#Page_365">365</a>.</li> -<li>Abrams, W. P., <a href="#Page_60">60</a>.</li> +<li>Abrams, W. P., <a href="#Page_60">60</a>.</li> <li>Abrams, C., <a href="#Page_63">63</a>.</li> @@ -17795,7 +17753,7 @@ number of <span class="smcap">The Quarterly</span> should be L. H. Poujade.</p> <li>Adams, Emma H., <a href="#Page_342">342</a>.</li> -<li>Adams, W. L., <a href="#Page_365">365</a>.</li> +<li>Adams, W. L., <a href="#Page_365">365</a>.</li> <li>Affleck & Gunn, publishers of <i>Puget Sound Courier</i>, <a href="#Page_372">372</a>.</li> @@ -17808,7 +17766,7 @@ number of <span class="smcap">The Quarterly</span> should be L. H. Poujade.</p> <li>Albert, Mrs. John H., <a href="#Page_394">394</a>.</li> -<li>Allen, Capt. B. F., wounded, <a href="#Page_234">234</a>.</li> +<li>Allen, Capt. B. F., wounded, <a href="#Page_234">234</a>.</li> <li>Allen and Lewis, <a href="#Page_197">197</a>.</li> @@ -17821,13 +17779,13 @@ number of <span class="smcap">The Quarterly</span> should be L. H. Poujade.</p> <li><i>Alta California, The</i>, <a href="#Page_376">376</a>.</li> -<li>Alvarez, ——, consul at Santa Fé, <a href="#Page_272">272</a>.</li> +<li>Alvarez, ——, consul at Santa Fé, <a href="#Page_272">272</a>.</li> <li>Alvarado, Governor of California under Mexican rule, <a href="#Page_311">311</a>.</li> <li>Alvord, General, <a href="#Page_105">105</a>.</li> -<li>Anderson, E. K., <a href="#Page_229">229</a>.</li> +<li>Anderson, E. K., <a href="#Page_229">229</a>.</li> <li>Angne [Augur?], Captain, <a href="#Page_237">237</a>.</li> @@ -17877,10 +17835,10 @@ number of <span class="smcap">The Quarterly</span> should be L. H. Poujade.</p> <li>Bailey, Doctor, <a href="#Page_230">230</a>; governor Oregon Territory, 1845, <a href="#Page_285">285</a>.</li> -<li>Bailey, W. E., purchased the <i>Press</i>, <a href="#Page_383">383</a>; +<li>Bailey, W. E., purchased the <i>Press</i>, <a href="#Page_383">383</a>; purchased the <i>Times</i>, <a href="#Page_384">384</a>.</li> -<li>Baker, Colonel E. D., candidate for United States senator, <a href="#Page_72">72</a>, <a href="#Page_93">93</a>; +<li>Baker, Colonel E. D., candidate for United States senator, <a href="#Page_72">72</a>, <a href="#Page_93">93</a>; elected United States senator, <a href="#Page_94">94</a>, <a href="#Page_99">99</a>; mustered into service, <a href="#Page_101">101</a>; reply to Breckinridge, <a href="#Page_102">102</a>; @@ -17890,13 +17848,13 @@ number of <span class="smcap">The Quarterly</span> should be L. H. Poujade.</p> <li>Baker and Boyer, <a href="#Page_195">195</a>.</li> -<li>Baker, D. S. & Company, <a href="#Page_195">195</a>.</li> +<li>Baker, D. S. & Company, <a href="#Page_195">195</a>.</li> -<li>Baker, Dr. D. S., the pioneer railroad builder, sketch of life, <a href="#Page_195">195</a>, <a href="#Page_196">196</a>, <a href="#Page_197">197</a>, <a href="#Page_198">198</a>, <a href="#Page_199">199</a>, <a href="#Page_200">200</a>.</li> +<li>Baker, Dr. D. S., the pioneer railroad builder, sketch of life, <a href="#Page_195">195</a>, <a href="#Page_196">196</a>, <a href="#Page_197">197</a>, <a href="#Page_198">198</a>, <a href="#Page_199">199</a>, <a href="#Page_200">200</a>.</li> <li>Baker Mills, The, <a href="#Page_217">217</a>.</li> -<li>Baltimore, J. M., <a href="#Page_365">365</a>.</li> +<li>Baltimore, J. M., <a href="#Page_365">365</a>.</li> <li>Bancroft Pacific States Publications: The origin and authorship of, A History of A History, by William Alfred Morris, <a href="#Page_289">289</a>.</li> @@ -17910,7 +17868,7 @@ number of <span class="smcap">The Quarterly</span> should be L. H. Poujade.</p> not a great American historical writer, <a href="#Page_337">337</a>; errors in works, <a href="#Page_358">358</a>.</li> -<li>Bancroft, H. H. & Company, firm of, organized, <a href="#Page_297">297</a>.</li> +<li>Bancroft, H. H. & Company, firm of, organized, <a href="#Page_297">297</a>.</li> <li>Bancroft's histories, vastness of the enterprise, <a href="#Page_289">289</a>; not all his own work, <a href="#Page_291">291</a>; @@ -17933,7 +17891,7 @@ number of <span class="smcap">The Quarterly</span> should be L. H. Poujade.</p> <li><i>Beacon, The</i>, <a href="#Page_382">382</a>.</li> -<li>Berry, A. M., first printer on the <i>Oregonian</i>, <a href="#Page_370">370</a>.</li> +<li>Berry, A. M., first printer on the <i>Oregonian</i>, <a href="#Page_370">370</a>.</li> <li>Berry, Pamelia Ann, <a href="#Page_249">249</a>.</li> @@ -17941,11 +17899,11 @@ number of <span class="smcap">The Quarterly</span> should be L. H. Poujade.</p> <li>Benton, Senator, <a href="#Page_91">91</a>, <a href="#Page_157">157</a>.</li> -<li>Bewley, F. M., <a href="#Page_390">390</a>.</li> +<li>Bewley, F. M., <a href="#Page_390">390</a>.</li> -<li>Black, Capt. H. M., <a href="#Page_99">99</a>.</li> +<li>Black, Capt. H. M., <a href="#Page_99">99</a>.</li> -<li>Blair, J. I., <a href="#Page_248">248</a>.</li> +<li>Blair, J. I., <a href="#Page_248">248</a>.</li> <li>Besserer, Charles, <a href="#Page_365">365</a>.</li> @@ -17964,7 +17922,7 @@ number of <span class="smcap">The Quarterly</span> should be L. H. Poujade.</p> <li>Blanchet, Archbishop, <a href="#Page_66">66</a>, <a href="#Page_269">269</a>.</li> -<li>Blethen, Col. A. J., purchased <i>The Times</i>, <a href="#Page_385">385</a>.</li> +<li>Blethen, Col. A. J., purchased <i>The Times</i>, <a href="#Page_385">385</a>.</li> <li>Boelling, V., <a href="#Page_22">22</a>, <a href="#Page_32">32</a>.</li> @@ -18012,7 +17970,7 @@ number of <span class="smcap">The Quarterly</span> should be L. H. Poujade.</p> <li>Brown, Hugh, founder of Brownsville, <a href="#Page_74">74</a>.</li> -<li>Brown, F. M., <a href="#Page_74">74</a>.</li> +<li>Brown, F. M., <a href="#Page_74">74</a>.</li> <li>Brown, Beriah, <a href="#Page_365">365</a>, <a href="#Page_372">372</a>; editor <i>Puget Sound Dispatch</i>, <a href="#Page_377">377</a>; @@ -18077,7 +18035,7 @@ number of <span class="smcap">The Quarterly</span> should be L. H. Poujade.</p> <li>Cavalry, The First Oregon, recruited, <a href="#Page_100">100</a>, <a href="#Page_103">103</a>.</li> -<li>Cavender, A. B., <a href="#Page_74">74</a>.</li> +<li>Cavender, A. B., <a href="#Page_74">74</a>.</li> <li>Cavendish, McDonald and, <a href="#Page_74">74</a>.</li> @@ -18091,7 +18049,7 @@ number of <span class="smcap">The Quarterly</span> should be L. H. Poujade.</p> <li>Chapman Code, The, <a href="#Page_186">186</a>, <a href="#Page_188">188</a>, <a href="#Page_190">190</a>.</li> -<li>Chapman, Hon. W. W., <a href="#Page_186">186</a>.</li> +<li>Chapman, Hon. W. W., <a href="#Page_186">186</a>.</li> <li>Chittenden, Captain, the American Fur Trade in the Far West (quoted), <a href="#Page_6">6</a>, <a href="#Page_9">9</a>.</li> @@ -18107,7 +18065,7 @@ number of <span class="smcap">The Quarterly</span> should be L. H. Poujade.</p> <li>Clark, Ransom, <a href="#Page_390">390</a>.</li> -<li>Clarke, S. A., The Montures on French Prairie, <a href="#Page_265">265</a>, <a href="#Page_268">268</a>, <a href="#Page_365">365</a>.</li> +<li>Clarke, S. A., The Montures on French Prairie, <a href="#Page_265">265</a>, <a href="#Page_268">268</a>, <a href="#Page_365">365</a>.</li> <li>Clay, Henry, <a href="#Page_273">273</a>.</li> @@ -18149,7 +18107,7 @@ number of <span class="smcap">The Quarterly</span> should be L. H. Poujade.</p> <li>Coquille Guards, <a href="#Page_238">238</a>.</li> -<li>Corbett, H. W., <a href="#Page_63">63</a>, <a href="#Page_64">64</a>; +<li>Corbett, H. W., <a href="#Page_63">63</a>, <a href="#Page_64">64</a>; senator, <a href="#Page_196">196</a>.</li> <li>Cornelius, Thomas R., appointed colonel, <a href="#Page_99">99</a>, <a href="#Page_101">101</a>, <a href="#Page_135">135</a>.</li> @@ -18171,11 +18129,11 @@ number of <span class="smcap">The Quarterly</span> should be L. H. Poujade.</p> <li>Cox, Anderson, state representative, <a href="#Page_389">389</a>.</li> -<li>Craig, D. W., <a href="#Page_365">365</a>.</li> +<li>Craig, D. W., <a href="#Page_365">365</a>.</li> <li>Crawford, Medorum, <a href="#Page_390">390</a>.</li> -<li>Crawford, P. V., <a href="#Page_71">71</a>, <a href="#Page_167">167</a>.</li> +<li>Crawford, P. V., <a href="#Page_71">71</a>, <a href="#Page_167">167</a>.</li> <li>Crawford, Samuel C., <a href="#Page_372">372</a>.</li> @@ -18203,7 +18161,7 @@ number of <span class="smcap">The Quarterly</span> should be L. H. Poujade.</p> </ul> <ul class="none"> -<li>Dall, Captain W. L., appointed lieutenant in navy, <a href="#Page_104">104</a>.</li> +<li>Dall, Captain W. L., appointed lieutenant in navy, <a href="#Page_104">104</a>.</li> <li>Damon, John F., <a href="#Page_365">365</a>, <a href="#Page_371">371</a>; editor <i>The Northwest</i>, <a href="#Page_373">373</a>.</li> @@ -18212,26 +18170,26 @@ number of <span class="smcap">The Quarterly</span> should be L. H. Poujade.</p> <li>Daniel, ——., <a href="#Page_377">377</a>.</li> -<li>Davenport, T. W., An Object Lesson in Paternalism, <a href="#Page_33">33</a>, <a href="#Page_244">244</a>, <a href="#Page_247">247</a>, <a href="#Page_248">248</a>.</li> +<li>Davenport, T. W., An Object Lesson in Paternalism, <a href="#Page_33">33</a>, <a href="#Page_244">244</a>, <a href="#Page_247">247</a>, <a href="#Page_248">248</a>.</li> <li>Davenport, Miss Orla, <a href="#Page_249">249</a>.</li> <li>Davis, ——, secretary of war, <a href="#Page_157">157</a>.</li> -<li>Davis, H. W., appointed captain volunteer company, <a href="#Page_61">61</a>.</li> +<li>Davis, H. W., appointed captain volunteer company, <a href="#Page_61">61</a>.</li> -<li>Davis, A. L., <a href="#Page_63">63</a>.</li> +<li>Davis, A. L., <a href="#Page_63">63</a>.</li> <li>Davies, Griffith, <a href="#Page_378">378</a>.</li> -<li>Deady, Judge M. P., <a href="#Page_352">352</a>, <a href="#Page_353">353</a>; +<li>Deady, Judge M. P., <a href="#Page_352">352</a>, <a href="#Page_353">353</a>; contributions to Oregon Pioneer Association, <a href="#Page_391">391</a>.</li> <li>Deakins, William, <a href="#Page_280">280</a>.</li> -<li>Dean, N. C., <a href="#Page_229">229</a>.</li> +<li>Dean, N. C., <a href="#Page_229">229</a>.</li> -<li>Deardorff, J. D., and wife, <a href="#Page_26">26</a>, <a href="#Page_27">27</a>.</li> +<li>Deardorff, J. D., and wife, <a href="#Page_26">26</a>, <a href="#Page_27">27</a>.</li> <li>Degrett, Phillip, <a href="#Page_389">389</a>.</li> @@ -18239,11 +18197,11 @@ number of <span class="smcap">The Quarterly</span> should be L. H. Poujade.</p> <li>Dempsey, Thomas H., publisher <i>Times</i>, <a href="#Page_384">384</a>.</li> -<li>Dennison, A. P., <a href="#Page_99">99</a>.</li> +<li>Dennison, A. P., <a href="#Page_99">99</a>.</li> -<li>Denny, Mrs. O. P., <a href="#Page_261">261</a>.</li> +<li>Denny, Mrs. O. P., <a href="#Page_261">261</a>.</li> -<li>Dent, Captain F. T., <a href="#Page_99">99</a>.</li> +<li>Dent, Captain F. T., <a href="#Page_99">99</a>.</li> <li>Depot, Peter, <a href="#Page_269">269</a>.</li> @@ -18262,7 +18220,7 @@ number of <span class="smcap">The Quarterly</span> should be L. H. Poujade.</p> <li>Documents, <a href="#Page_78">78</a>; Oregon material taken from a file of an Independence, Mo., and Weston, Mo., paper for 1844 and 1845, <a href="#Page_270">270</a>, <a href="#Page_395">395</a>.</li> -<li>Dodge, Hon. A. C., <a href="#Page_78">78</a>.</li> +<li>Dodge, Hon. A. C., <a href="#Page_78">78</a>.</li> <li>Douglas House Bill of 1846, <a href="#Page_90">90</a>.</li> @@ -18276,12 +18234,12 @@ number of <span class="smcap">The Quarterly</span> should be L. H. Poujade.</p> <li>Draper, Mrs. Sarah, <a href="#Page_264">264</a>.</li> -<li>Drew, C. S., Major First Oregon Cavalry, <a href="#Page_100">100</a>.</li> +<li>Drew, C. S., Major First Oregon Cavalry, <a href="#Page_100">100</a>.</li> <li>Dryer, Thomas J., <a href="#Page_64">64</a>, <a href="#Page_93">93</a>, <a href="#Page_365">365</a>; first editor of <i>Oregonian</i>, <a href="#Page_370">370</a>.</li> -<li>Duncan, L. J. C., <a href="#Page_229">229</a>.</li> +<li>Duncan, L. J. C., <a href="#Page_229">229</a>.</li> <li>Duncan, Alexander, <a href="#Page_266">266</a>.</li> @@ -18294,7 +18252,7 @@ number of <span class="smcap">The Quarterly</span> should be L. H. Poujade.</p> <li>Dyar, ——., <a href="#Page_234">234</a>.</li> -<li>Dyer, E. S., publisher <i>Northwest</i>, <a href="#Page_373">373</a>.</li> +<li>Dyer, E. S., publisher <i>Northwest</i>, <a href="#Page_373">373</a>.</li> <li>Dyson, George, <a href="#Page_74">74</a>.</li> </ul> @@ -18328,11 +18286,11 @@ number of <span class="smcap">The Quarterly</span> should be L. H. Poujade.</p> </ul> <ul class="none"> -<li>Faber, J. G., <a href="#Page_234">234</a>.</li> +<li>Faber, J. G., <a href="#Page_234">234</a>.</li> <li>Failing, Josiah, <a href="#Page_63">63</a>.</li> -<li>Fairweather, H. W., <a href="#Page_199">199</a>.</li> +<li>Fairweather, H. W., <a href="#Page_199">199</a>.</li> <li>Fessenden, Mr., <a href="#Page_102">102</a>.</li> @@ -18356,7 +18314,7 @@ number of <span class="smcap">The Quarterly</span> should be L. H. Poujade.</p> <li>Finlayson, Mr., and wife, <a href="#Page_28">28</a>.</li> -<li>Finley, R. C., <a href="#Page_70">70</a>, <a href="#Page_71">71</a>, <a href="#Page_72">72</a>, <a href="#Page_74">74</a>.</li> +<li>Finley, R. C., <a href="#Page_70">70</a>, <a href="#Page_71">71</a>, <a href="#Page_72">72</a>, <a href="#Page_74">74</a>.</li> <li>Fisher, Walter M., <a href="#Page_299">299</a>; sketch of life, <a href="#Page_300">300</a>.</li> @@ -18371,7 +18329,7 @@ number of <span class="smcap">The Quarterly</span> should be L. H. Poujade.</p> <li>Foster, Phillip, <a href="#Page_390">390</a>.</li> -<li>Fowler, W. W., <a href="#Page_232">232</a>.</li> +<li>Fowler, W. W., <a href="#Page_232">232</a>.</li> <li>Frazer, Thomas, <a href="#Page_63">63</a>.</li> @@ -18396,7 +18354,7 @@ number of <span class="smcap">The Quarterly</span> should be L. H. Poujade.</p> <li>Gary, Rev. Mr., <a href="#Page_276">276</a>.</li> -<li>Gatch, Prof. T. M., <a href="#Page_249">249</a>.</li> +<li>Gatch, Prof. T. M., <a href="#Page_249">249</a>.</li> <li>Gay, George, <a href="#Page_230">230</a>.</li> @@ -18409,7 +18367,7 @@ number of <span class="smcap">The Quarterly</span> should be L. H. Poujade.</p> <li>Gibbs, Addison C., was governor of Oregon, <a href="#Page_108">108</a>, <a href="#Page_214">214</a>, <a href="#Page_217">217</a>.</li> -<li>Gibbs, A. C., editor <i>Oregon Weekly Times</i>, <a href="#Page_368">368</a>.</li> +<li>Gibbs, A. C., editor <i>Oregon Weekly Times</i>, <a href="#Page_368">368</a>.</li> <li>Gibbs, ——., <a href="#Page_232">232</a>.</li> @@ -18417,7 +18375,7 @@ number of <span class="smcap">The Quarterly</span> should be L. H. Poujade.</p> <li>Gilliam, Colonel Cornelius, <a href="#Page_243">243</a>.</li> -<li>Gilmore, S. M., letter from, <a href="#Page_284">284</a>.</li> +<li>Gilmore, S. M., letter from, <a href="#Page_284">284</a>.</li> <li>Gilpin, Mr., <a href="#Page_271">271</a>.</li> @@ -18452,7 +18410,7 @@ number of <span class="smcap">The Quarterly</span> should be L. H. Poujade.</p> <li>Griffin, George Butler, sketch of life, <a href="#Page_348">348</a>.</li> -<li>Gunn, E. T., newspaper man, <a href="#Page_380">380</a>.</li> +<li>Gunn, E. T., newspaper man, <a href="#Page_380">380</a>.</li> <li>Gunn, Affleck &, <a href="#Page_372">372</a>.</li> @@ -18466,9 +18424,9 @@ number of <span class="smcap">The Quarterly</span> should be L. H. Poujade.</p> <li>Hall, Ike M., <a href="#Page_381">381</a>.</li> -<li>Hally, C. F., <a href="#Page_280">280</a>.</li> +<li>Hally, C. F., <a href="#Page_280">280</a>.</li> -<li>Hamilton, S. M., <a href="#Page_67">67</a>.</li> +<li>Hamilton, S. M., <a href="#Page_67">67</a>.</li> <li>Hamilton, Louis, reference to, <a href="#Page_190">190</a>.</li> @@ -18480,7 +18438,7 @@ number of <span class="smcap">The Quarterly</span> should be L. H. Poujade.</p> <li>Hanthorn & Company, cannerymen, <a href="#Page_141">141</a>.</li> -<li>Harding, Captain E. J., <a href="#Page_100">100</a>.</li> +<li>Harding, Captain E. J., <a href="#Page_100">100</a>.</li> <li>Harding, Benjamin F., quartermaster First Oregon Cavalry, <a href="#Page_100">100</a>.</li> @@ -18492,7 +18450,7 @@ number of <span class="smcap">The Quarterly</span> should be L. H. Poujade.</p> <li>Harker, Charles, <a href="#Page_104">104</a>.</li> -<li>Harris, Captain T. S., <a href="#Page_100">100</a>.</li> +<li>Harris, Captain T. S., <a href="#Page_100">100</a>.</li> <li>Harris, David, <a href="#Page_235">235</a>.</li> @@ -18502,7 +18460,7 @@ number of <span class="smcap">The Quarterly</span> should be L. H. Poujade.</p> <li>Harris, George W., <a href="#Page_378">378</a>.</li> -<li>Hathaway, Major J. S., <a href="#Page_135">135</a>.</li> +<li>Hathaway, Major J. S., <a href="#Page_135">135</a>.</li> <li>Hawthorne, Doctor, <a href="#Page_61">61</a>.</li> @@ -18551,9 +18509,9 @@ number of <span class="smcap">The Quarterly</span> should be L. H. Poujade.</p> <li>Hodgins, ——, <a href="#Page_232">232</a>.</li> -<li>Hogg, Col. T. E., <a href="#Page_248">248</a>.</li> +<li>Hogg, Col. T. E., <a href="#Page_248">248</a>.</li> -<li>Holderness, S. M., <a href="#Page_390">390</a>.</li> +<li>Holderness, S. M., <a href="#Page_390">390</a>.</li> <li>Holman, Joseph, Short Biography of, <a href="#Page_392">392</a>.</li> @@ -18563,7 +18521,7 @@ number of <span class="smcap">The Quarterly</span> should be L. H. Poujade.</p> <li><i>Home Journal</i>, of New York, <a href="#Page_315">315</a>.</li> -<li>Hood, Gen. J. B., <a href="#Page_239">239</a>.</li> +<li>Hood, Gen. J. B., <a href="#Page_239">239</a>.</li> <li>Hooker, Colonel Joseph, <a href="#Page_104">104</a>; builder of military wagon road, <a href="#Page_239">239</a>.</li> @@ -18574,7 +18532,7 @@ number of <span class="smcap">The Quarterly</span> should be L. H. Poujade.</p> <li>Hopwood, Moses, <a href="#Page_229">229</a>.</li> -<li>Hosford, Rev. C. O., opened first school in Astoria, <a href="#Page_21">21</a>.</li> +<li>Hosford, Rev. C. O., opened first school in Astoria, <a href="#Page_21">21</a>.</li> <li>Houston, Sam, <a href="#Page_151">151</a>.</li> @@ -18583,17 +18541,17 @@ number of <span class="smcap">The Quarterly</span> should be L. H. Poujade.</p> <li>Hudson Bay Company, possession of the Northwest, <a href="#Page_9">9</a>, <a href="#Page_78">78</a>, <a href="#Page_81">81</a>, <a href="#Page_82">82</a>, <a href="#Page_83">83</a>, <a href="#Page_89">89</a>; and Northwest Fur Company consolidated, ——, ——, <a href="#Page_132">132</a>, <a href="#Page_153">153</a>, <a href="#Page_154">154</a>, <a href="#Page_156">156</a>, <a href="#Page_242">242</a>, <a href="#Page_261">261</a>.</li> -<li>Hughes, W. H., <a href="#Page_378">378</a>.</li> +<li>Hughes, W. H., <a href="#Page_378">378</a>.</li> <li>Hughes and Davies, purchased <i>The Times</i>, <a href="#Page_385">385</a>.</li> <li>Humason, Judge, <a href="#Page_217">217</a>.</li> -<li>Hume, R. D., and Company, <a href="#Page_140">140</a>.</li> +<li>Hume, R. D., and Company, <a href="#Page_140">140</a>.</li> <li>Hungry Hill, battle of, <a href="#Page_236">236</a>.</li> -<li>Hunt, L. S. J., <a href="#Page_383">383</a>.</li> +<li>Hunt, L. S. J., <a href="#Page_383">383</a>.</li> <li>Hunter, Col. George, "Reminiscences of an Old Timer," quotation from, <a href="#Page_97">97</a>.</li> @@ -18609,11 +18567,11 @@ number of <span class="smcap">The Quarterly</span> should be L. H. Poujade.</p> <li>Hyde, Aaron J., <a href="#Page_65">65</a>.</li> -<li>Hyde, H. H., <a href="#Page_390">390</a>.</li> +<li>Hyde, H. H., <a href="#Page_390">390</a>.</li> -<li>Hyland, Rev. T. H., <a href="#Page_23">23</a>.</li> +<li>Hyland, Rev. T. H., <a href="#Page_23">23</a>.</li> -<li>Hyland, Mrs. T. H., <a href="#Page_23">23</a>.</li> +<li>Hyland, Mrs. T. H., <a href="#Page_23">23</a>.</li> </ul> <ul class="none"> @@ -18638,7 +18596,7 @@ number of <span class="smcap">The Quarterly</span> should be L. H. Poujade.</p> <li>Ingalls, David, <a href="#Page_133">133</a>, <a href="#Page_136">136</a>.</li> -<li>Ingraham, E. S., <a href="#Page_378">378</a>.</li> +<li>Ingraham, E. S., <a href="#Page_378">378</a>.</li> <li><i>Intelligencer, The Weekly</i>, <a href="#Page_377">377</a>.</li> @@ -18646,7 +18604,7 @@ number of <span class="smcap">The Quarterly</span> should be L. H. Poujade.</p> <li>Iowa Code, <a href="#Page_188">188</a>.</li> -<li>Ireland, D. C., <a href="#Page_366">366</a>.</li> +<li>Ireland, D. C., <a href="#Page_366">366</a>.</li> <li>Irish, Tom, <a href="#Page_230">230</a>.</li> @@ -18654,7 +18612,7 @@ number of <span class="smcap">The Quarterly</span> should be L. H. Poujade.</p> </ul> <ul class="none"> -<li>Jack, D. N., elected assessor of Linn County, <a href="#Page_76">76</a>.</li> +<li>Jack, D. N., elected assessor of Linn County, <a href="#Page_76">76</a>.</li> <li>Jack, Porter, <a href="#Page_244">244</a>.</li> @@ -18662,7 +18620,7 @@ number of <span class="smcap">The Quarterly</span> should be L. H. Poujade.</p> <li>Jackson, Mrs. Helen Hunt, <a href="#Page_326">326</a>.</li> -<li>Jackson, P. B., <a href="#Page_365">365</a>.</li> +<li>Jackson, P. B., <a href="#Page_365">365</a>.</li> <li>Jackson, David E., letter of, <a href="#Page_395">395</a>.</li> @@ -18680,7 +18638,7 @@ number of <span class="smcap">The Quarterly</span> should be L. H. Poujade.</p> <li>Johnson, Mr., <a href="#Page_63">63</a>.</li> -<li>Johnson, P. B., <a href="#Page_365">365</a>.</li> +<li>Johnson, P. B., <a href="#Page_365">365</a>.</li> <li>Jones, Mr., killed by Indians, <a href="#Page_235">235</a>.</li> @@ -18690,7 +18648,7 @@ number of <span class="smcap">The Quarterly</span> should be L. H. Poujade.</p> </ul> <ul class="none"> -<li>Kautz, General A. V., <a href="#Page_239">239</a>.</li> +<li>Kautz, General A. V., <a href="#Page_239">239</a>.</li> <li>Kearny, Major Phil, <a href="#Page_231">231</a>, <a href="#Page_239">239</a>.</li> @@ -18713,7 +18671,7 @@ number of <span class="smcap">The Quarterly</span> should be L. H. Poujade.</p> <li>Kirchoff, Louis, <a href="#Page_137">137</a>.</li> -<li>Kilham, E. H., <a href="#Page_353">353</a>, <a href="#Page_358">358</a>.</li> +<li>Kilham, E. H., <a href="#Page_353">353</a>, <a href="#Page_358">358</a>.</li> <li>Killin, Hon. Benton, <a href="#Page_188">188</a></li> @@ -18723,18 +18681,18 @@ number of <span class="smcap">The Quarterly</span> should be L. H. Poujade.</p> <li>King, Wm. H., <a href="#Page_66">66</a>.</li> -<li>Kingsley, C. S., <a href="#Page_67">67</a>.</li> +<li>Kingsley, C. S., <a href="#Page_67">67</a>.</li> <li>Kinney's cannery, <a href="#Page_140">140</a>.</li> -<li>Kinney, R. C., & Sons, <a href="#Page_139">139</a>.</li> +<li>Kinney, R. C., & Sons, <a href="#Page_139">139</a>.</li> -<li>Kinney, M. J., <a href="#Page_141">141</a>.</li> +<li>Kinney, M. J., <a href="#Page_141">141</a>.</li> <li>Kirk, Alexander, <a href="#Page_74">74</a>; elected county judge of Linn County, <a href="#Page_76">76</a>.</li> -<li>Kirk, W. R., <a href="#Page_74">74</a>.</li> +<li>Kirk, W. R., <a href="#Page_74">74</a>.</li> <li>Klippel, Henry, laid out Jacksonville as a town, <a href="#Page_230">230</a>, <a href="#Page_235">235</a>.</li> @@ -18748,9 +18706,9 @@ number of <span class="smcap">The Quarterly</span> should be L. H. Poujade.</p> <ul class="none"> <li>La Bonte, Louis, Recollections of Men, <a href="#Page_264">264</a>.</li> -<li>Ladd, W. S., <a href="#Page_61">61</a>, <a href="#Page_63">63</a>.</li> +<li>Ladd, W. S., <a href="#Page_61">61</a>, <a href="#Page_63">63</a>.</li> -<li>Lamerick, Captain J. K., <a href="#Page_232">232</a>.</li> +<li>Lamerick, Captain J. K., <a href="#Page_232">232</a>.</li> <li>Lampson, Roswell C., <a href="#Page_104">104</a>.</li> @@ -18759,7 +18717,7 @@ number of <span class="smcap">The Quarterly</span> should be L. H. Poujade.</p> <li>Lane, General Joseph, appointed governor of Oregon, <a href="#Page_91">91</a>; nominated for vice president, <a href="#Page_94">94</a>, <a href="#Page_95">95</a>, <a href="#Page_101">101</a>, <a href="#Page_105">105</a>, <a href="#Page_106">106</a>, <a href="#Page_233">233</a>, <a href="#Page_234">234</a>, <a href="#Page_239">239</a>, <a href="#Page_370">370</a></li> -<li>Larkin, T. N., <a href="#Page_63">63</a>.</li> +<li>Larkin, T. N., <a href="#Page_63">63</a>.</li> <li>Larrabee, Charles H., publisher <i>Puget Sound Dispatch</i>, <a href="#Page_380">380</a>.</li> @@ -18785,11 +18743,11 @@ number of <span class="smcap">The Quarterly</span> should be L. H. Poujade.</p> <li>Lee, Barton, <a href="#Page_390">390</a>.</li> -<li>Lee, H. A. G., <a href="#Page_390">390</a>.</li> +<li>Lee, H. A. G., <a href="#Page_390">390</a>.</li> <li>Leinweber, Christian, <a href="#Page_137">137</a>.</li> -<li>Lewis and Clark Centennial, The, by F. G. Young, <a href="#Page_1">1</a>.</li> +<li>Lewis and Clark Centennial, The, by F. G. Young, <a href="#Page_1">1</a>.</li> <li>Lewis and Clark Expedition—Relation to the Northwest, <a href="#Page_1">1</a>; primary inception of, <a href="#Page_6">6</a>.</li> @@ -18832,11 +18790,11 @@ number of <span class="smcap">The Quarterly</span> should be L. H. Poujade.</p> <li>Love, George, <a href="#Page_235">235</a>.</li> -<li>Love, G. M., <a href="#Page_235">235</a>.</li> +<li>Love, G. M., <a href="#Page_235">235</a>.</li> -<li>Lovejoy, Hon. A. L., appointed postal agent for Oregon, <a href="#Page_192">192</a>, <a href="#Page_256">256</a>, <a href="#Page_390">390</a>.</li> +<li>Lovejoy, Hon. A. L., appointed postal agent for Oregon, <a href="#Page_192">192</a>, <a href="#Page_256">256</a>, <a href="#Page_390">390</a>.</li> -<li>Lownesdale, D. H., <a href="#Page_59">59</a>.</li> +<li>Lownesdale, D. H., <a href="#Page_59">59</a>.</li> <li>Lucier, Etienne, <a href="#Page_261">261</a>, <a href="#Page_264">264</a>.</li> @@ -18846,13 +18804,13 @@ number of <span class="smcap">The Quarterly</span> should be L. H. Poujade.</p> <li>Lumber Industry, The, <a href="#Page_124">124</a>.</li> -<li>Lupton, Major J. A., <a href="#Page_234">234</a>.</li> +<li>Lupton, Major J. A., <a href="#Page_234">234</a>.</li> <li>Lyman, Rev. Horace, <a href="#Page_65">65</a>.</li> -<li>Lyman, H. S., Some Corrections, <a href="#Page_86">86</a>.</li> +<li>Lyman, H. S., Some Corrections, <a href="#Page_86">86</a>.</li> -<li>Lyman, H. S., Reminiscences, <a href="#Page_251">251</a>, <a href="#Page_268">268</a>.</li> +<li>Lyman, H. S., Reminiscences, <a href="#Page_251">251</a>, <a href="#Page_268">268</a>.</li> <li>Lyon, Colonel George G., published <i>Times</i>, <a href="#Page_384">384</a>.</li> </ul> @@ -18864,7 +18822,7 @@ number of <span class="smcap">The Quarterly</span> should be L. H. Poujade.</p> <li>Manufacturing, <a href="#Page_122">122</a>.</li> -<li>Marshall, J. W., discoverer of gold in California, <a href="#Page_11">11</a>.</li> +<li>Marshall, J. W., discoverer of gold in California, <a href="#Page_11">11</a>.</li> <li>Massachusetts Historical Society, <a href="#Page_309">309</a>.</li> @@ -18874,13 +18832,13 @@ number of <span class="smcap">The Quarterly</span> should be L. H. Poujade.</p> <li>Masters, ——, <a href="#Page_254">254</a>.</li> -<li>Mathieu, F. X., <a href="#Page_167">167</a>, <a href="#Page_389">389</a>.</li> +<li>Mathieu, F. X., <a href="#Page_167">167</a>, <a href="#Page_389">389</a>.</li> <li>Matthews, Captain Wm., <a href="#Page_100">100</a>.</li> <li>Mattice, George W., purchased <i>Pierce County News</i>, <a href="#Page_382">382</a>.</li> -<li>Maulsby, G. T., <a href="#Page_26">26</a>.</li> +<li>Maulsby, G. T., <a href="#Page_26">26</a>.</li> <li>Manson, Donald, <a href="#Page_261">261</a>, <a href="#Page_265">265</a>.</li> @@ -18892,16 +18850,16 @@ number of <span class="smcap">The Quarterly</span> should be L. H. Poujade.</p> <li>Manson, Stephen, <a href="#Page_262">262</a>.</li> -<li>Maury, R. F., Lieutenant Colonel First Oregon Cavalry, <a href="#Page_100">100</a>.</li> +<li>Maury, R. F., Lieutenant Colonel First Oregon Cavalry, <a href="#Page_100">100</a>.</li> <li>Maxwell, Mr., <a href="#Page_26">26</a>.</li> -<li>Maxwell, S. L., <a href="#Page_366">366</a>; +<li>Maxwell, S. L., <a href="#Page_366">366</a>; publisher <i>Weekly Intelligencer</i>, <a href="#Page_377">377</a>.</li> <li>Mead, Elwood, chief of Division of Irrigation, <a href="#Page_17">17</a>.</li> -<li>Meany, E. S., <a href="#Page_379">379</a>.</li> +<li>Meany, E. S., <a href="#Page_379">379</a>.</li> <li>Medary, Col. Samuel, <a href="#Page_174">174</a>.</li> @@ -18914,7 +18872,7 @@ number of <span class="smcap">The Quarterly</span> should be L. H. Poujade.</p> <li>McBride, Dr. James, <a href="#Page_231">231</a>.</li> -<li>McCarver, M. M., <a href="#Page_78">78</a>; +<li>McCarver, M. M., <a href="#Page_78">78</a>; letter of, <a href="#Page_403">403</a>.</li> <li>McClure, Colonel John, <a href="#Page_132">132</a>, <a href="#Page_137">137</a>.</li> @@ -18923,7 +18881,7 @@ number of <span class="smcap">The Quarterly</span> should be L. H. Poujade.</p> <li>McElroy, Thornton F., <a href="#Page_365">365</a>, <a href="#Page_376">376</a>.</li> -<li>McFadden, Judge O. B., elected to congress, <a href="#Page_380">380</a>.</li> +<li>McFadden, Judge O. B., elected to congress, <a href="#Page_380">380</a>.</li> <li>McCaw, William, elected clerk of Linn County, <a href="#Page_76">76</a>.</li> @@ -18939,7 +18897,7 @@ number of <span class="smcap">The Quarterly</span> should be L. H. Poujade.</p> <li>McKay, Alexander, <a href="#Page_257">257</a>.</li> -<li>McKean, S. T., <a href="#Page_32">32</a>; +<li>McKean, S. T., <a href="#Page_32">32</a>; and family, <a href="#Page_133">133</a>.</li> <li>McKew, ——, <a href="#Page_234">234</a>.</li> @@ -18984,7 +18942,7 @@ number of <span class="smcap">The Quarterly</span> should be L. H. Poujade.</p> <li>Monture, George and Robert, <a href="#Page_269">269</a>.</li> -<li>Montures on French Prairie, The, by S. A. Clarke, <a href="#Page_268">268</a>.</li> +<li>Montures on French Prairie, The, by S. A. Clarke, <a href="#Page_268">268</a>.</li> <li>Mooney, Mr. and Mrs., publishers <i>The Beacon</i>, <a href="#Page_382">382</a>.</li> @@ -19000,7 +18958,7 @@ number of <span class="smcap">The Quarterly</span> should be L. H. Poujade.</p> <li>Moore, Paine Brothers &, <a href="#Page_196">196</a>.</li> -<li>Morrison, Captain R. W., <a href="#Page_386">386</a>.</li> +<li>Morrison, Captain R. W., <a href="#Page_386">386</a>.</li> <li>Morris, ——, <a href="#Page_232">232</a>.</li> @@ -19008,9 +18966,9 @@ number of <span class="smcap">The Quarterly</span> should be L. H. Poujade.</p> <li>Morris, George P., editor <i>New York Home Journal</i>, <a href="#Page_315">315</a>.</li> -<li>Morse, Mrs. H. B., <a href="#Page_22">22</a>.</li> +<li>Morse, Mrs. H. B., <a href="#Page_22">22</a>.</li> -<li>Moss, S. W., <a href="#Page_390">390</a>.</li> +<li>Moss, S. W., <a href="#Page_390">390</a>.</li> <li>"Mountain Men," <a href="#Page_9">9</a>.</li> @@ -19031,7 +18989,7 @@ number of <span class="smcap">The Quarterly</span> should be L. H. Poujade.</p> <li>Native Races, The, preparation of material, <a href="#Page_308">308</a>.</li> -<li>Naylor, T. G., <a href="#Page_254">254</a>.</li> +<li>Naylor, T. G., <a href="#Page_254">254</a>.</li> <li>Neale, Miss, teacher, <a href="#Page_29">29</a>.</li> @@ -19156,7 +19114,7 @@ number of <span class="smcap">The Quarterly</span> should be L. H. Poujade.</p> <li>Ord, General, <a href="#Page_105">105</a>.</li> -<li>Ord, Captain E. O. C., <a href="#Page_237">237</a>.</li> +<li>Ord, Captain E. O. C., <a href="#Page_237">237</a>.</li> <li>Osborne, ——, <a href="#Page_260">260</a>.</li> @@ -19179,35 +19137,35 @@ number of <span class="smcap">The Quarterly</span> should be L. H. Poujade.</p> <li>Pambrun, ——., <a href="#Page_264">264</a>, <a href="#Page_265">265</a>.</li> -<li>Parker, Mrs. H. B., <a href="#Page_32">32</a>.</li> +<li>Parker, Mrs. H. B., <a href="#Page_32">32</a>.</li> -<li>Parker, Mrs. W. W., <a href="#Page_29">29</a>.</li> +<li>Parker, Mrs. W. W., <a href="#Page_29">29</a>.</li> -<li>Parker, W. W., <a href="#Page_32">32</a>, <a href="#Page_133">133</a>, <a href="#Page_135">135</a>.</li> +<li>Parker, W. W., <a href="#Page_32">32</a>, <a href="#Page_133">133</a>, <a href="#Page_135">135</a>.</li> <li>Parker, James M., <a href="#Page_267">267</a>.</li> -<li>Parrish, Rev. J. L., <a href="#Page_132">132</a>.</li> +<li>Parrish, Rev. J. L., <a href="#Page_132">132</a>.</li> <li><i>Partisan</i>, <a href="#Page_381">381</a>.</li> -<li>Paternalism, An Object Lesson In, by T. W. Davenport, <a href="#Page_33">33</a>.</li> +<li>Paternalism, An Object Lesson In, by T. W. Davenport, <a href="#Page_33">33</a>.</li> -<li>Patrick, H. C., <a href="#Page_366">366</a>; +<li>Patrick, H. C., <a href="#Page_366">366</a>; started <i>Weekly Ledger</i>, <a href="#Page_382">382</a>.</li> <li>Pearne, Thomas H., <a href="#Page_365">365</a>.</li> -<li>Peatfield, J. J., employed by Bancroft, <a href="#Page_345">345</a>; +<li>Peatfield, J. J., employed by Bancroft, <a href="#Page_345">345</a>; sketch of life, <a href="#Page_346">346</a>, <a href="#Page_363">363</a>.</li> <li>Peel, Lieut. William, <a href="#Page_387">387</a>.</li> <li>Perry, ——, <a href="#Page_132">132</a>.</li> -<li>Pettygrove, F. W., <a href="#Page_390">390</a>.</li> +<li>Pettygrove, F. W., <a href="#Page_390">390</a>.</li> -<li>Perkins, Dr. J. N., <a href="#Page_71">71</a>.</li> +<li>Perkins, Dr. J. N., <a href="#Page_71">71</a>.</li> <li>Perkins, T., constructed a ferry on Rogue River, <a href="#Page_229">229</a>.</li> @@ -19218,7 +19176,7 @@ number of <span class="smcap">The Quarterly</span> should be L. H. Poujade.</p> <li>Philpot, ——., <a href="#Page_234">234</a>.</li> -<li>Philbrick, C. W., published <i>Puget Sound Argus</i>, <a href="#Page_373">373</a>.</li> +<li>Philbrick, C. W., published <i>Puget Sound Argus</i>, <a href="#Page_373">373</a>.</li> <li>Phillips, Wendell, <a href="#Page_292">292</a>.</li> @@ -19236,10 +19194,10 @@ number of <span class="smcap">The Quarterly</span> should be L. H. Poujade.</p> <li>Pioneer Papers of Puget Sound, by Clarence B. Bagley, <a href="#Page_365">365</a>.</li> -<li>Pittock, H. L., <a href="#Page_365">365</a>; +<li>Pittock, H. L., <a href="#Page_365">365</a>; printer of the <i>Oregonian</i>, <a href="#Page_370">370</a>.</li> -<li>Poe, A. M., <a href="#Page_365">365</a>.</li> +<li>Poe, A. M., <a href="#Page_365">365</a>.</li> <li>Polk, President James K., <a href="#Page_90">90</a>, <a href="#Page_91">91</a>, <a href="#Page_187">187</a>.</li> @@ -19247,9 +19205,9 @@ number of <span class="smcap">The Quarterly</span> should be L. H. Poujade.</p> <li>Pomeroy, Mrs., <a href="#Page_253">253</a>.</li> -<li>Poujade, L. H., <a href="#Page_268">268</a>.</li> +<li>Poujade, L. H., <a href="#Page_268">268</a>.</li> -<li>Poole, J. R. and Clugage, located first mining claim in Southern Oregon, <a href="#Page_229">229</a>.</li> +<li>Poole, J. R. and Clugage, located first mining claim in Southern Oregon, <a href="#Page_229">229</a>.</li> <li>Poole, John R., laid out Jacksonville as a town, <a href="#Page_230">230</a>.</li> @@ -19273,11 +19231,11 @@ number of <span class="smcap">The Quarterly</span> should be L. H. Poujade.</p> <li>Powell, Joab, <a href="#Page_71">71</a>.</li> -<li>Powers, T. P., <a href="#Page_22">22</a>, <a href="#Page_29">29</a>, <a href="#Page_136">136</a>.</li> +<li>Powers, T. P., <a href="#Page_22">22</a>, <a href="#Page_29">29</a>, <a href="#Page_136">136</a>.</li> <li>Poyntz, Stone &, <a href="#Page_229">229</a>.</li> -<li>Pratt, O. C., justice supreme court, <a href="#Page_187">187</a>, <a href="#Page_188">188</a>.</li> +<li>Pratt, O. C., justice supreme court, <a href="#Page_187">187</a>, <a href="#Page_188">188</a>.</li> <li>Pratt, Orson B., appointed historian Mormon Church, <a href="#Page_321">321</a>.</li> @@ -19306,7 +19264,7 @@ number of <span class="smcap">The Quarterly</span> should be L. H. Poujade.</p> </ul> <ul class="none"> -<li>Radebaugh, R. F., <a href="#Page_366">366</a>; +<li>Radebaugh, R. F., <a href="#Page_366">366</a>; started <i>Weekly Ledger</i>, <a href="#Page_382">382</a>.</li> <li>Railroad, Astoria and Willamette Valley, <a href="#Page_135">135</a>.</li> @@ -19330,22 +19288,22 @@ number of <span class="smcap">The Quarterly</span> should be L. H. Poujade.</p> <li>Rector, William H., state representative, <a href="#Page_389">389</a>; head of Salem Woolen Mill, <a href="#Page_215">215</a>.</li> -<li>Reed, C. A., <a href="#Page_60">60</a>, <a href="#Page_65">65</a>.</li> +<li>Reed, C. A., <a href="#Page_60">60</a>, <a href="#Page_65">65</a>.</li> <li>Reed, Henry E., The Great West and The Two Easts, <a href="#Page_129">129</a>.</li> -<li>Reed, T. A., <a href="#Page_235">235</a>.</li> +<li>Reed, T. A., <a href="#Page_235">235</a>.</li> <li>Rees, Willard H., In Memoriam of, <a href="#Page_386">386</a>.</li> <li>Rees, Willard H., elected state representative, <a href="#Page_389">389</a>, <a href="#Page_390">390</a>; contribution to Oregon Pioneer Association, <a href="#Page_391">391</a>.</li> -<li>Rees, R. R., <a href="#Page_365">365</a>.</li> +<li>Rees, R. R., <a href="#Page_365">365</a>.</li> <li><i>Register, The Port Townsend</i>, <a href="#Page_372">372</a>.</li> -<li>Reminiscences secured by H. S. Lyman, <a href="#Page_251">251</a>.</li> +<li>Reminiscences secured by H. S. Lyman, <a href="#Page_251">251</a>.</li> <li><i>Reporter, Saint Louis</i>, <a href="#Page_78">78</a>.</li> @@ -19355,16 +19313,16 @@ number of <span class="smcap">The Quarterly</span> should be L. H. Poujade.</p> <li>Rhoades, Captain Jacob, <a href="#Page_233">233</a>.</li> -<li>Rice, J. N., <a href="#Page_72">72</a>.</li> +<li>Rice, J. N., <a href="#Page_72">72</a>.</li> <li>Richards, Franklin D., <a href="#Page_321">321</a>, <a href="#Page_324">324</a>.</li> -<li>Riggs, T. A., <a href="#Page_70">70</a>, <a href="#Page_72">72</a>; +<li>Riggs, T. A., <a href="#Page_70">70</a>, <a href="#Page_72">72</a>; copy letter of, <a href="#Page_74">74</a>.</li> <li>Riley and Ginder, <a href="#Page_144">144</a>.</li> -<li>Rinearson, J. S., junior major First Oregon Cavalry, <a href="#Page_100">100</a>.</li> +<li>Rinearson, J. S., junior major First Oregon Cavalry, <a href="#Page_100">100</a>.</li> <li>River of the West, The, <a href="#Page_316">316</a>.</li> @@ -19374,7 +19332,7 @@ number of <span class="smcap">The Quarterly</span> should be L. H. Poujade.</p> <li>Robertson, James R., on A Pioneer Captain of Industry, <a href="#Page_150">150</a>.</li> -<li>Roberts, A. B., <a href="#Page_353">353</a>.</li> +<li>Roberts, A. B., <a href="#Page_353">353</a>.</li> <li>Robnett, Wm., <a href="#Page_75">75</a>.</li> @@ -19384,7 +19342,7 @@ number of <span class="smcap">The Quarterly</span> should be L. H. Poujade.</p> <li>Rose, Wm. R., death of, <a href="#Page_233">233</a>.</li> -<li>Ross, Colonel J. E., <a href="#Page_232">232</a>.</li> +<li>Ross, Colonel J. E., <a href="#Page_232">232</a>.</li> <li>Ruckle, Colonel, <a href="#Page_207">207</a>.</li> @@ -19423,7 +19381,7 @@ number of <span class="smcap">The Quarterly</span> should be L. H. Poujade.</p> <li>Scott, General, <a href="#Page_101">101</a>.</li> -<li>Scott, Captain L. S., <a href="#Page_246">246</a>.</li> +<li>Scott, Captain L. S., <a href="#Page_246">246</a>.</li> <li>Semple, Eugene, <a href="#Page_365">365</a>, <a href="#Page_371">371</a>.</li> @@ -19433,31 +19391,31 @@ number of <span class="smcap">The Quarterly</span> should be L. H. Poujade.</p> <li>Seward, William H., <a href="#Page_110">110</a>.</li> -<li>Sharpstein, B. L., <a href="#Page_196">196</a>.</li> +<li>Sharpstein, B. L., <a href="#Page_196">196</a>.</li> <li>Sharp, Joseph H., Early Schools in Lane County, <a href="#Page_268">268</a>.</li> -<li>Shelby, A. D., <a href="#Page_63">63</a>.</li> +<li>Shelby, A. D., <a href="#Page_63">63</a>.</li> <li>Sheridan, General, <a href="#Page_68">68</a>, <a href="#Page_105">105</a>, <a href="#Page_109">109</a>, <a href="#Page_164">164</a>, <a href="#Page_239">239</a>.</li> <li>Sherman, General, <a href="#Page_109">109</a>, <a href="#Page_200">200</a>.</li> -<li>Shaw, Hon. T. C., <a href="#Page_243">243</a>.</li> +<li>Shaw, Hon. T. C., <a href="#Page_243">243</a>.</li> <li>Shively, Mr., <a href="#Page_84">84</a>, <a href="#Page_229">229</a>.</li> -<li>Shively, J. M., <a href="#Page_132">132</a>; +<li>Shively, J. M., <a href="#Page_132">132</a>; first postmaster west of Rocky Mountains, <a href="#Page_133">133</a>, <a href="#Page_136">136</a>.</li> <li>Shortess, Robert, <a href="#Page_132">132</a>.</li> -<li>Skinner, Mrs. Judge A. A., <a href="#Page_26">26</a>.</li> +<li>Skinner, Mrs. Judge A. A., <a href="#Page_26">26</a>.</li> -<li>Skinner, Judge A. A., <a href="#Page_26">26</a>; +<li>Skinner, Judge A. A., <a href="#Page_26">26</a>; located first donation land claim, <a href="#Page_229">229</a>.</li> -<li>Small, D. W., <a href="#Page_197">197</a>.</li> +<li>Small, D. W., <a href="#Page_197">197</a>.</li> <li>Smart, Robert G., editor <i>Western Expositor</i>, <a href="#Page_283">283</a>.</li> @@ -19476,7 +19434,7 @@ number of <span class="smcap">The Quarterly</span> should be L. H. Poujade.</p> <li>Smith, Hugh, <a href="#Page_232">232</a>.</li> -<li>Smith, Gen. A. J., <a href="#Page_105">105</a>; +<li>Smith, Gen. A. J., <a href="#Page_105">105</a>; Captain, <a href="#Page_236">236</a>, <a href="#Page_238">238</a>, <a href="#Page_239">239</a>.</li> <li>Smith, Joseph S., editor of the <i>Oregon Statesman</i>, <a href="#Page_370">370</a>.</li> @@ -19489,7 +19447,7 @@ number of <span class="smcap">The Quarterly</span> should be L. H. Poujade.</p> <li>South Pass, The, discovery of, <a href="#Page_10">10</a>.</li> -<li>Spalding, Rev. H. H., <a href="#Page_71">71</a>, <a href="#Page_76">76</a>, <a href="#Page_367">367</a>.</li> +<li>Spalding, Rev. H. H., <a href="#Page_71">71</a>, <a href="#Page_76">76</a>, <a href="#Page_367">367</a>.</li> <li>Spanish, Advance of, in Pacific Northwest, <a href="#Page_4">4</a>.</li> @@ -19511,7 +19469,7 @@ number of <span class="smcap">The Quarterly</span> should be L. H. Poujade.</p> <li>Stein, Mr., <a href="#Page_74">74</a>.</li> -<li>Stephens, J. B., <a href="#Page_59">59</a>.</li> +<li>Stephens, J. B., <a href="#Page_59">59</a>.</li> <li>Stephens, Wm., <a href="#Page_195">195</a>, <a href="#Page_196">196</a>.</li> @@ -19519,15 +19477,15 @@ number of <span class="smcap">The Quarterly</span> should be L. H. Poujade.</p> <li>Stewart, C., <a href="#Page_64">64</a>.</li> -<li>Stewart, P. G., <a href="#Page_390">390</a>.</li> +<li>Stewart, P. G., <a href="#Page_390">390</a>.</li> <li>Stevens, General, <a href="#Page_105">105</a>.</li> -<li>Stone, B. F., <a href="#Page_196">196</a>.</li> +<li>Stone, B. F., <a href="#Page_196">196</a>.</li> <li>Stone & Poyntz, <a href="#Page_229">229</a>.</li> -<li>Stone, Nathan J., charge of publication department, A. L. Bancroft & Company, <a href="#Page_321">321</a>.</li> +<li>Stone, Nathan J., charge of publication department, A. L. Bancroft & Company, <a href="#Page_321">321</a>.</li> <li>Strait, Hiram, <a href="#Page_390">390</a>.</li> @@ -19545,7 +19503,7 @@ number of <span class="smcap">The Quarterly</span> should be L. H. Poujade.</p> <li>Summers, Doctor, <a href="#Page_132">132</a>.</li> -<li>Sumner, Brigadier General E. V., <a href="#Page_99">99</a>.</li> +<li>Sumner, Brigadier General E. V., <a href="#Page_99">99</a>.</li> </ul> <ul class="none"> @@ -19553,7 +19511,7 @@ number of <span class="smcap">The Quarterly</span> should be L. H. Poujade.</p> <li>Taylor, Colonel James, <a href="#Page_32">32</a>.</li> -<li>Taylor, Judge F. J., <a href="#Page_135">135</a>.</li> +<li>Taylor, Judge F. J., <a href="#Page_135">135</a>.</li> <li>Taylor, President, <a href="#Page_187">187</a>.</li> @@ -19563,7 +19521,7 @@ number of <span class="smcap">The Quarterly</span> should be L. H. Poujade.</p> <li>Templeton, William T., <a href="#Page_75">75</a>.</li> -<li>Terwilliger, L. L., <a href="#Page_66">66</a>.</li> +<li>Terwilliger, L. L., <a href="#Page_66">66</a>.</li> <li>Tibbetts, Mr., <a href="#Page_132">132</a>.</li> @@ -19575,7 +19533,7 @@ number of <span class="smcap">The Quarterly</span> should be L. H. Poujade.</p> <li>Thompson, Frank W., <a href="#Page_104">104</a>.</li> -<li>Thompson, Captain D. P., <a href="#Page_100">100</a>.</li> +<li>Thompson, Captain D. P., <a href="#Page_100">100</a>.</li> <li>Thornton, Judge, <a href="#Page_91">91</a>, <a href="#Page_96">96</a>.</li> @@ -19599,7 +19557,7 @@ number of <span class="smcap">The Quarterly</span> should be L. H. Poujade.</p> <li>Tuffs, James, <a href="#Page_225">225</a>.</li> -<li>Turner, Professor F. J., <a href="#Page_8">8</a>.</li> +<li>Turner, Professor F. J., <a href="#Page_8">8</a>.</li> <li>Turners, J., <a href="#Page_230">230</a>.</li> @@ -19639,9 +19597,9 @@ number of <span class="smcap">The Quarterly</span> should be L. H. Poujade.</p> <ul class="none"> <li>Wagner, Mrs., murdered by Indians, <a href="#Page_235">235</a>.</li> -<li>Wait, Hon. A. E., <a href="#Page_188">188</a>.</li> +<li>Wait, Hon. A. E., <a href="#Page_188">188</a>.</li> -<li>Waite, E. M., <a href="#Page_365">365</a>.</li> +<li>Waite, E. M., <a href="#Page_365">365</a>.</li> <li>Waldo, Hon. John B., <a href="#Page_246">246</a>, <a href="#Page_247">247</a>, <a href="#Page_248">248</a>.</li> @@ -19653,7 +19611,7 @@ number of <span class="smcap">The Quarterly</span> should be L. H. Poujade.</p> <li>Walla Walla and Columbia River Railroad Company, <a href="#Page_196">196</a>.</li> -<li>Walla Walla to San Francisco, From, by Capt. John Mullan, U. S. A., <a href="#Page_202">202</a>.</li> +<li>Walla Walla to San Francisco, From, by Capt. John Mullan, U. S. A., <a href="#Page_202">202</a>.</li> <li>Walworth, Lucy, <a href="#Page_314">314</a>.</li> @@ -19665,9 +19623,9 @@ number of <span class="smcap">The Quarterly</span> should be L. H. Poujade.</p> <li>Warren, Miss Emma C., conducted private school in Astoria, <a href="#Page_24">24</a>.</li> -<li>Warren, Mr. R. K., <a href="#Page_27">27</a>.</li> +<li>Warren, Mr. R. K., <a href="#Page_27">27</a>.</li> -<li>Warren, F. M., <a href="#Page_66">66</a>.</li> +<li>Warren, F. M., <a href="#Page_66">66</a>.</li> <li>Washington, Territory of, organized, <a href="#Page_192">192</a>.</li> @@ -19679,9 +19637,9 @@ number of <span class="smcap">The Quarterly</span> should be L. H. Poujade.</p> early life, <a href="#Page_150">150</a>, <a href="#Page_159">159</a>, <a href="#Page_166">166</a>, <a href="#Page_390">390</a>. <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_421" id="Page_421">421</a></span></li> -<li>Watson, J. R., <a href="#Page_366">366</a>, <a href="#Page_375">375</a>, <a href="#Page_376">376</a>.</li> +<li>Watson, J. R., <a href="#Page_366">366</a>, <a href="#Page_375">375</a>, <a href="#Page_376">376</a>.</li> -<li>Wayne, J. W., <a href="#Page_26">26</a>.</li> +<li>Wayne, J. W., <a href="#Page_26">26</a>.</li> <li>Weaver, ——, <a href="#Page_228">228</a>.</li> @@ -19727,13 +19685,13 @@ number of <span class="smcap">The Quarterly</span> should be L. H. Poujade.</p> <li>Whitworth, James E., <a href="#Page_381">381</a>.</li> -<li>Wilbur, J. H., <a href="#Page_59">59</a>, <a href="#Page_64">64</a>.</li> +<li>Wilbur, J. H., <a href="#Page_59">59</a>, <a href="#Page_64">64</a>.</li> <li>Wilcox, Dr. Ralph, <a href="#Page_64">64</a>.</li> <li>Wiley & McElroy, publishers <i>Columbian</i>, <a href="#Page_372">372</a>.</li> -<li>Wiley, J. W., <a href="#Page_376">376</a>.</li> +<li>Wiley, J. W., <a href="#Page_376">376</a>.</li> <li>Willamette Valley and Cascade Mountain Military Wagon Road, <a href="#Page_242">242</a>.</li> @@ -19741,7 +19699,7 @@ number of <span class="smcap">The Quarterly</span> should be L. H. Poujade.</p> <li>Williams, Hon. George H., appointed chief Justice of Oregon Territory, <a href="#Page_189">189</a>.</li> -<li>Williams, Captain R. L., <a href="#Page_232">232</a>.</li> +<li>Williams, Captain R. L., <a href="#Page_232">232</a>.</li> <li>Williams, Robert, <a href="#Page_315">315</a>.</li> @@ -19749,17 +19707,17 @@ number of <span class="smcap">The Quarterly</span> should be L. H. Poujade.</p> <li>Williamson, ——., <a href="#Page_26">26</a>.</li> -<li>Willis, N. P., editor <i>New York Home Journal</i>, <a href="#Page_315">315</a>.</li> +<li>Willis, N. P., editor <i>New York Home Journal</i>, <a href="#Page_315">315</a>.</li> <li>Wills, Thomas, <a href="#Page_232">232</a>.</li> -<li>Wilson, A. E., <a href="#Page_132">132</a>.</li> +<li>Wilson, A. E., <a href="#Page_132">132</a>.</li> <li>Wilson, Joseph G., <a href="#Page_191">191</a>.</li> <li>Woman's War With Whiskey, one of Mrs. Victor's books, <a href="#Page_317">317</a>.</li> -<li>Woir, J. M., <a href="#Page_390">390</a>.</li> +<li>Woir, J. M., <a href="#Page_390">390</a>.</li> <li>Wood, Tallmadge B., copy of letters from, <a href="#Page_80">80</a>, <a href="#Page_84">84</a>, <a href="#Page_132">132</a>.</li> @@ -19785,7 +19743,7 @@ number of <span class="smcap">The Quarterly</span> should be L. H. Poujade.</p> <ul class="none"> <li>Yellowstone Expedition, failure of, <a href="#Page_7">7</a>.</li> -<li>Young, F. G., The Lewis and Clark Centennial, <a href="#Page_1">1</a>.</li> +<li>Young, F. G., The Lewis and Clark Centennial, <a href="#Page_1">1</a>.</li> <li>Young, Mrs. Maxwell, <a href="#Page_24">24</a>.</li> </ul> @@ -19797,19 +19755,19 @@ number of <span class="smcap">The Quarterly</span> should be L. H. Poujade.</p> <p class="footnote"><a name="Footnote_1" id="Footnote_1" href="#FNanchor_1"><span class="label">[1]</span></a> An historical survey of Public Education in Eugene, Oregon, by Prof. Joseph Schafer, <span class="smcap">Quarterly</span>, March, 1901.</p> -<p class="footnote"><a name="Footnote_2" id="Footnote_2" href="#FNanchor_2"><span class="label">[2]</span></a> Letter of C. O. Hosford, January 22, 1903.</p> +<p class="footnote"><a name="Footnote_2" id="Footnote_2" href="#FNanchor_2"><span class="label">[2]</span></a> Letter of C. O. Hosford, January 22, 1903.</p> -<p class="footnote"><a name="Footnote_3" id="Footnote_3" href="#FNanchor_3"><span class="label">[3]</span></a> Letter of C. O. Hosford, January 22, 1903.</p> +<p class="footnote"><a name="Footnote_3" id="Footnote_3" href="#FNanchor_3"><span class="label">[3]</span></a> Letter of C. O. Hosford, January 22, 1903.</p> <p class="footnote"><a name="Footnote_4" id="Footnote_4" href="#FNanchor_4"><span class="label">[4]</span></a> Ibid.</p> -<p class="footnote"><a name="Footnote_5" id="Footnote_5" href="#FNanchor_5"><span class="label">[5]</span></a> Letter of E. C. Jeffers, February 3, 1903.</p> +<p class="footnote"><a name="Footnote_5" id="Footnote_5" href="#FNanchor_5"><span class="label">[5]</span></a> Letter of E. C. Jeffers, February 3, 1903.</p> <p class="footnote"><a name="Footnote_6" id="Footnote_6" href="#FNanchor_6"><span class="label">[6]</span></a> Interview with Mr. Sam Adair.</p> <p class="footnote"><a name="Footnote_7" id="Footnote_7" href="#FNanchor_7"><span class="label">[7]</span></a> Interview with Mrs. Mary Leinweber.</p> -<p class="footnote"><a name="Footnote_8" id="Footnote_8" href="#FNanchor_8"><span class="label">[8]</span></a> Interview with Rev. T. H. Hyland and wife.</p> +<p class="footnote"><a name="Footnote_8" id="Footnote_8" href="#FNanchor_8"><span class="label">[8]</span></a> Interview with Rev. T. H. Hyland and wife.</p> <p class="footnote"><a name="Footnote_9" id="Footnote_9" href="#FNanchor_9"><span class="label">[9]</span></a> <i>Marine Gazette</i>, May 30, 1865.</p> @@ -19817,36 +19775,36 @@ Schafer, <span class="smcap">Quarterly</span>, March, 1901.</p> <p class="footnote"><a name="Footnote_11" id="Footnote_11" href="#FNanchor_11"><span class="label">[11]</span></a> Interview with Mrs. Young.</p> -<p class="footnote"><a name="Footnote_12" id="Footnote_12" href="#FNanchor_12"><span class="label">[12]</span></a> Interview with Mrs. C. J. Trenchard, <i>nee</i> Miss VanDusen.</p> +<p class="footnote"><a name="Footnote_12" id="Footnote_12" href="#FNanchor_12"><span class="label">[12]</span></a> Interview with Mrs. C. J. Trenchard, <i>nee</i> Miss VanDusen.</p> <p class="footnote"><a name="Footnote_13" id="Footnote_13" href="#FNanchor_13"><span class="label">[13]</span></a> Interview with Miss Warren.</p> <p class="footnote"><a name="Footnote_14" id="Footnote_14" href="#FNanchor_14"><span class="label">[14]</span></a> County Superintendent's Record Book No. 1, 1853-1874.</p> -<p class="footnote"><a name="Footnote_15" id="Footnote_15" href="#FNanchor_15"><span class="label">[15]</span></a> Interview with J. M. Welch, and others.</p> +<p class="footnote"><a name="Footnote_15" id="Footnote_15" href="#FNanchor_15"><span class="label">[15]</span></a> Interview with J. M. Welch, and others.</p> <p class="footnote"><a name="Footnote_16" id="Footnote_16" href="#FNanchor_16"><span class="label">[16]</span></a> Deed Book No. 1, Clatsop County.</p> -<p class="footnote"><a name="Footnote_17" id="Footnote_17" href="#FNanchor_17"><span class="label">[17]</span></a> Interview with J. W. Welch.</p> +<p class="footnote"><a name="Footnote_17" id="Footnote_17" href="#FNanchor_17"><span class="label">[17]</span></a> Interview with J. W. Welch.</p> -<p class="footnote"><a name="Footnote_18" id="Footnote_18" href="#FNanchor_18"><span class="label">[18]</span></a> Interview with F. J. Taylor, and others.</p> +<p class="footnote"><a name="Footnote_18" id="Footnote_18" href="#FNanchor_18"><span class="label">[18]</span></a> Interview with F. J. Taylor, and others.</p> <p class="footnote"><a name="Footnote_19" id="Footnote_19" href="#FNanchor_19"><span class="label">[19]</span></a> History of Oregon and Washington, Northwest Publishing Company, Vol. II, pp. 502-506.</p> -<p class="footnote"><a name="Footnote_20" id="Footnote_20" href="#FNanchor_20"><span class="label">[20]</span></a> Letter of Mrs. W. W. Parker, December 12, 1902.</p> +<p class="footnote"><a name="Footnote_20" id="Footnote_20" href="#FNanchor_20"><span class="label">[20]</span></a> Letter of Mrs. W. W. Parker, December 12, 1902.</p> <p class="footnote"><a name="Footnote_21" id="Footnote_21" href="#FNanchor_21"><span class="label">[21]</span></a> County Superintendent's Record Book No. 1, 1853-1874.</p> <p class="footnote"><a name="Footnote_22" id="Footnote_22" href="#FNanchor_22"><span class="label">[22]</span></a> <i>Marine Gazette</i>, May 30, 1865.</p> -<p class="footnote"><a name="Footnote_23" id="Footnote_23" href="#FNanchor_23"><span class="label">[23]</span></a> Report of County Superintendent W. B. Gray, 1866.</p> +<p class="footnote"><a name="Footnote_23" id="Footnote_23" href="#FNanchor_23"><span class="label">[23]</span></a> Report of County Superintendent W. B. Gray, 1866.</p> <p class="footnote"><a name="Footnote_24" id="Footnote_24" href="#FNanchor_24"><span class="label">[24]</span></a> Report of State Superintendent to Governor Geo. L. Woods.</p> <p class="footnote"><a name="Footnote_25" id="Footnote_25" href="#FNanchor_25"><span class="label">[25]</span></a> <i>Astorian</i>, July 1, 1873.</p> -<p class="footnote"><a name="Footnote_26" id="Footnote_26" href="#FNanchor_26"><span class="label">[26]</span></a> Letter of Mrs. W. W. Parker, December 12, 1902.</p> +<p class="footnote"><a name="Footnote_26" id="Footnote_26" href="#FNanchor_26"><span class="label">[26]</span></a> Letter of Mrs. W. W. Parker, December 12, 1902.</p> <p class="footnote"><a name="Footnote_27" id="Footnote_27" href="#FNanchor_27"><span class="label">[27]</span></a> <i>Weekly Astorian</i>, February 5, 1876.</p> @@ -19894,382 +19852,6 @@ Himes.</span></p> </div> - - - - - - -<pre> - - - - - -End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of The Quarterly of the Oregon Historical -Society, Vol. IV, by Various - -*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK QUARTERLY--OREGON HIST. 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