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diff --git a/41295.txt b/41295.txt deleted file mode 100644 index 02258b2..0000000 --- a/41295.txt +++ /dev/null @@ -1,3721 +0,0 @@ -The Project Gutenberg EBook of Notes and Queries, Vol. V, Number 131, May -1, 1852, by Various - -This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with -almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or -re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included -with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org - - -Title: Notes and Queries, Vol. V, Number 131, May 1, 1852 - A Medium of Inter-communication for Literary Men, Artists, - Antiquaries, Genealogists, etc. - -Author: Various - -Editor: George Bell - -Release Date: November 5, 2012 [EBook #41295] - -Language: English - -Character set encoding: ASCII - -*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES AND QUERIES, MAY 1, 1852 *** - - - - -Produced by Charlene Taylor, Jonathan Ingram and the Online -Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This -file was produced from images generously made available -by The Internet Library of Early Journals.) - - - - - -[Transcriber's note: Original spelling variations have not been -standardized. Old English-style letters have been marked with braces, as -in {j}; characters with macrons have been marked in brackets with an -equal sign, as in [=e] for a letter e with a macron on top; the section -sign is shown here as [p]. Underscores have been used to indicate -_italic_ fonts. A list of volumes and pages in "Notes and Queries" has -been added at the end.] - - - - -NOTES AND QUERIES: - -A MEDIUM OF INTER-COMMUNICATION - -FOR - -LITERARY MEN, ARTISTS, ANTIQUARIES, GENEALOGISTS, ETC. - -"When found, make a note of."--CAPTAIN CUTTLE. - -VOL. V.--No. 131. SATURDAY, MAY 1. 1852. - -Price Fourpence. Stamped Edition, 5_d._ - - - - -CONTENTS. - - Page - - - NOTES:-- - - Sterne at Sutton on the Forest, by the Rev. A. Gatty 409 - - Readings in Shakspeare, No. IV. 410 - - Presentiment 411 - - Curious Bill of Fare, and Storm, in 1739, by Edward - Hawkins 412 - - Peculiar Attributes of the Seventh Son 412 - - Folk Lore:--Game-feathers protracting the Agony of - Death--Charm for Ague--Old Shoes thrown for - Luck--Folk Lore of the Kacouss People 413 - - Burials in Woollen, by the Rev. E. S. Taylor 414 - - Minor Notes:--Unacknowledged Quotations from the - Scriptures--Latin Hexameters on the Bible--Epigram on - La Bruyere--Cock And Bull Story--Mary Queen of Scots; her - Monument and Head 414 - - QUERIES:-- - - The Book of Jasher 415 - - Minor Queries:--Old China--Pagoda, Joss House, - Fetiche--"And Eva stood and wept alone"--Hearne's - Confirmation; Baxter's Heavy Shove; Old Ballad--Gunpowder - Mills--Macfarlane of that Ilk--Armorial Bearings - --Scologlandis and Scologi--Ednowain ap Bradwen--Mummy - Wheat--The Trusty Servant at Winchester--Anecdote--St. - Augustine--Ghost, Evidence of one not received--Roman and - Saxon Cambridge--Queries on the Mistletoe--Portrait of - Mesmer 415 - - MINOR QUERIES ANSWERED:--Saint Richard--"Coming Events - cast their Shadows before"--St. Christopher--Cuddy, the - Ass--Toady--Mother Shipton 418 - - REPLIES:-- - - Ralph Winterton 419 - - Meaning and Origin of "Era," by S. W. Singer 420 - - Lady Arabella Stuart, by A. Grayan 421 - - Newton, Cicero, and Gravitation 422 - - Deferred Executions, by Ambrose Florence, &c. 422 - - Duchess of Lancaster 423 - - Surnames 424 - - Replies to Minor Queries:--Dyson's Collection of - Proclamations--"Up, Guards, and at them!"--Bawderich, - and Bells--Algernon Sydney--"History is Philosophy - teaching by Examples"--On a Passage in Pope--Plague - Stones--"Archaeologia Cambrensis, Vol. I., 2nd Edit."--Town - halls--Emaciated Monumental Elegies--Coleridge's - "Friend"--Enigma on the Letter "I"--Mother Carey's - Chickens--Burnomania--Cagots--Chantrey's Sleeping - Children--Topography of Ashbourne--Arkwright--Pilgrimages - to the Holy Land--"Merchant Adventurers" 425 - - MISCELLANEOUS:-- - - Notes on Books, &c. 430 - - Books and Odd Volumes wanted 430 - - Notices to Correspondents 431 - - Advertisements 431 - - - - -Notes. - - -STERNE AT SUTTON ON THE FOREST. - -The following extracts from the Register Book of the parish of Sutton on -the Forest, Yorkshire, which are in the handwriting of Lawrence Sterne, -have come into my possession through the kindness of my friend -Archdeacon Creyke (of York), and I beg to offer them for insertion in -"N. & Q." - - "Lawrence Sterne, A. B., was inducted into ye Vicarage of Sutton - August ye 25th, 1738. - - "Lawrence Sterne created Master of Arts at Cambridge, July, 1740. - - "L. Sterne, A. M., made Prebendary of York (Givendale) by Lancelot - Arch-bishop in January, 1740; and in Jan. 1741 prefer'd by his - Lords'p to the Prebend of N. Newbald. - - "Mem'd. That the Cherry Trees and Espalier Apple Hedge were - planted in ye Gardens October ye 9, 1742. Nectarines and Peaches - planted the same day. The Pails set up two months before. - - "I laid out in the Garden, in ye year 1742, the sum of 8_l._ - 15_s._ 6_d._ - - "L. Sterne." - - "Laid out in enclosing the Orchard, and in Apple Trees, &c., in ye - year 1743, 5_l._ - - "The Apple Trees, Pear and Plumb Trees, planted in ye Orchard ye - 28th day of October, 1743, by - - "L. Sterne." - - "Laid out in Sushing[1] the House, 12_l._, A. Dom. 1741. - - "In Stukbing[2] and Bricking _l._ _s._ _d._ - the Hall 4 16 0 - In Building the Chair House 5 0 0 - In Building the Par'r Chimney 3 0 0 - Little House 2 3 0 - - "L. Sterne, Vicar. - - "Spent in shapeing the Rooms, plastering, Underdrawing, and - Jobbing--God knows what." - - [Footnotes 1, 2: There are two words in Sterne's own memoranda - which may puzzle other readers besides me; _Sushing_ and - _Stukbing_. I have thought they might mean _sashing_, _i.e._ for - windows, and _stuccoing_ the walls. Perhaps some contributor to - "N. & Q." will kindly interpret them.] - - * * * * * - - "In May, 1745-- - - "A dismal Storm of Hail fell upon this Town, and some other - adjacent ones, w'ch did considerable damage both to the Windows - and Corn. Many of the stones measured six inches in circumference. - It broke almost all the South and West Windows both of this House - and my Vicarage House at Stillington. - - "L. Sterne." - - "In the year 1741-- - - "Hail fell in the midst of Summer as big as a Pidgeon's egg, w'ch - unusual occurrence I thought fit to attest under my hand. - - "L. STERNE." - -These two accounts of hailstorms are supposed to be only quizzes upon -prodigious entries of the same sort made by Vicar Walker in 1698. And -that this latter is so is evident, from the concluding words being the -same as in Walker's memorandum. - -Sterne is characteristically exhibited in the subjoined account by the -successor of the "reverend joker": - - "In the year 1764, during the Incumbency of Mr. Lawrence Sterne, - the Vicarage House was burnt down. Tho' frequently admonished and - required to rebuild the Vicarage House, he found means to evade - the performance of it. He continued Vicar till he died, in March, - 1768. Andrew Cheap was appointed his successor, and was advised to - accept a composition for Dilapidations from the Widow. A Suit was - instituted for Dilapidations, but after a time (the Widow being in - indigent circumstances) sixty pounds were accepted. - - "In April, 1770, the New House was begun, and finished in May, - 1771. - - "Total amount of Suit and Building the House, 576_l._ 13_s._ 5_d._ - - "ANDREW CHEAP, Vicar." - - ALFRED GATTY. - - -READINGS IN SHAKSPEARE, NO. IV. - - "Of government the properties to unfold, - Would seem in me to affect speech and discourse; - Since I am put to know, that your own science - Exceeds, in that, the lists of all advice - My strength can give you: Then, no more remains: - But that, to your sufficiency as your worth, is able; - And let them work. The nature of our people, - Our city's institutions, and the terms - For common justice, you are as pregnant in, - As art and practice hath enriched any - That we remember: There is our commission, - From which we would not have you warp." - - Opening of _Measure for Measure_. - -In Mr. Knight's edition, from which the foregoing passage is printed and -pointed, the following note is appended to it: - - "We encounter at the onset one of the obscure passages for which - this play is remarkable. The text is usually pointed thus:-- - - "'Then no more remains - But that to your sufficiency, as your worth is able, - And let them work.' - - "It is certainly difficult to extract a clear meaning from this; - and so Theobald and Hanmer assume that a line has dropped out, - which they kindly restore to us, each in his own way." - -After relating Steevens' attempt at elucidation, Mr. Knight proceeds to -explain the passage by a running interpretation parenthetically applied -to each expression; but I doubt very much whether any person would feel -much enlightened by it; or whether, amongst so many explanations, any -one of them could be pointed out less obscure than the rest. - -Let us try, then, what a total change of interpretation will do. - -In the sixth line of the Duke's speech, as quoted at the commencement, -we find the demonstrative pronoun _that_, which must have _some_ object. -Mr. Knight supposes that object to be "your science." I, on the -contrary, am of opinion that it refers to _the commission_ which the -Duke holds in his hand, and which he is in the act of presenting to -Escalus: - - "Then no more remains, - But--that, to your sufficiency, as your worth is able, - And let them work." - -By transposition, this sentence becomes "Then, as your worth is able, no -more remains, to your sufficiency, but _that_." - -But _what_? - -Your COMMISSION! - -Have we not here the _mot_ to the enigma, the clue to the mystery? When -the Duke takes up the commission, he addresses Escalus to the following -effect: - - "It would be affectation in me to lecture you upon the art of - government, since I must needs know that your own science exceeds, - in that, the limits of all I could teach you. Therefore, since - your worth is able, no more remains to your sufficiency, - but--_that_, and let them work." - -The _sufficiency_ here spoken of is twofold, ability to direct, and -_authority to enforce_. The first was personal to Escalus, consisting of -his own skill and knowledge; the second was conferred upon him _by -commission_: when both were united, he was to "let them work!" - -Reading the passage in this way, there is no necessity for the -alteration of a single letter; and yet I will put it to any person of -sense and candour, whether the passage be not thereby relieved from all -real obscurity? - -It must be borne in mind, that the presentation of the commission is the -_main object_ of the Duke's address: the presentation therefore is not a -_single act_, but rather a protracted action during the whole speech, -finally consummated with the concluding words--"there is our -commission." - -This is so plain, that it scarcely needs confirmation; but, if it did -so, it would receive it, by analogy, in the similarly protracted -presentation to Angelo when it becomes his turn to receive _his_ -commission. In that case the act of presentation commences with the word -"hold:" - - "Hold--therefore, Angelo!" - -And finishes six lines lower down with: - - "Take thy commission." - -And it is not a little singular, that this word "hold," having been at -first similarly misinterpreted, proved as great a stumbling block to -Tyrwhitt and others, who seemed to grope about in sheer perverseness, -catching at any meaning for it rather than the right, and certainly the -obvious one. - - A. E. B. - - Leeds. - - -PRESENTIMENT. - -Seeing, in some of the former Numbers of the "N. & Q.", a collection of -instances of sudden _high spirits_ immediately preceding some great -calamity, it occurred to me that it would be not uninteresting to throw -together a few instances of sudden _low spirits_, or _illness_, attended -with a similar result. Here our only embarrassment is that of riches. - -The first example I have selected is taken from the _Relation de la Mort -de MM. le Duc et le Cardinal de Guise_, by the Sieur Miron, physician to -King Henry III. He first narrates the preparations for the Duke's -assassination, and then proceeds as follows:-- - - Et peu apres que le Duc de Guise fut assis au conseil, 'J'ai - froid, dit-il, le coeur me fait mal: que l'on fasse de feu,' et - s'adressant au Sieur de Morfontaine, tresorier de l'epargne, - 'Monsieur de Morfontaine, je vous prie de dire a M. de St Prix, - premier valet de chambre de roy, que je le prie de me donner des - raisins de Darnas ou de la conserve de roses.' ... Le Duc de Guise - met des prunes dans son drageoir, jette le demeurant sur le tapis. - 'Messieurs, dit-il, qui en veut?'--et se leve. Mais ainsi qu'il - est a deux pas pres de la porte de vieux cabinet, prend sa barbe - avec la main droite, et tourne le corps et le feu a demi pour - regarder ceux qui le suivoient, fut tout soudain saisi au bras par - le Sieur de Montsery l'aine, qui etoit pres de la cheminee, sur - l'opinion qu'il ait, que le duc voulut se reculer pour se mettre - en defense." - -The Sieurs des Effranats, de Saint Malines, and de Loignac hasten to -take part in this goodly piece of work, which the Sieur de Montsery the -elder has so gallantly begun. Having the Sieur des Effranats hanging on -his knees, the Sieur de Montsery the elder clinging to his arm, the -Sieur de Saint Malines' dagger sticking in his chest close to his -throat, and the Sieur de Loignac's sword run through his reins, the Duke -for some time drags them all four up and down the chamber; at last he -falls exhausted on the King's bed. Upon this the King-- - - "Etant en son cabinet, leur ayant demande s'ils avoient fait, en - sortit et donna un coup de pied par le visage a ce pauvre mort." - -Surely it was not without good cause that the Duke, a few minutes -before, felt "a chill at his heart."-- - -In the next instance I shall cite, the sudden illness forbodes, not any -calamity to the person affected by it, but to the companion of his -journey. It is taken from "Arden of Feversham, his true and lamentable -Tragedy," author unknown, 1592. Arden and his friend Franklin are -travelling by night to Arden's house at Feversham. Franklin is beguiling -the tediousness of the way with a tale. The rest the dramatist shall -relate in his own words: - - "_Arden._ Come, Master Franklin, onward with your tale. - _Frank._ I'll assure you, Sir, you task me much: - A heavy blood is gathered at my heart; - And on the sudden is my wind so short, - As hindereth the passage of my speech: - So fierce a qualm ne'er yet assailed me. - _Arden._ Come, Master Franklin, let us go on softly: - The annoyance of the dust, or else some meat - You ate at dinner, cannot brook with you. - I have been often so, and soon amended. - _Frank._ Do you remember where my tale did leave? - _Arden._ Ay, where the gentleman did check his wife. - _Frank._ She, being reprehended for the fact, - Witness produced, that took her with the deed, - Her glove brought in, which there she left behind, - And many other assured arguments, - Her husband asked her whether it were not so-- - _Arden._ Her answer then? I wonder how she looked, - Having foresworn it with such vehement oaths, - And at the instant so approved upon her. - _Frank._ First she did cast her eyes down on the earth, - Watching the drops that fell amain from thence: - Then softly draws she out her handkercher, - And modestly she wipes her tear stain'd face. - Then hemm'd she out, to clear her voice it should seem, - And with a majesty addrest herself - To encounter all their accusations-- - Pardon me, Master Arden, I can no more; - This fighting at my heart makes short my wind. - _Arden._ Come, we are almost now at Raynham Down; - Your pretty tale beguiles the weary way: - I would you were in ease to tell it out." - -Here they are set upon by ruffians, hired by Arden's wife and her -paramour. Arden is killed.-- - -In the two preceding instances an affection of the heart is the herald -of misfortune. In _Titus Andronicus_ (Act II., Sc. 4.), Quintus and -Martius are afflicted with a sudden _dulness of sight_, which seems at -once to be an omen of impending danger, and to facilitate their -succumbing to it. - - "SCENE. _A desert part of the forest._ _Enter_ - AARON THE MOOR, _with_ QUINTUS _and_ MARTIUS. - - _Aaron._ Come on, my lords, the better foot before: - Straight will I bring you to the loathsome pit, - Where I espied the panther fast asleep. - - _Quin._ My sight is very dull, whate'er it bodes. - - _Mart._ And mine, I promise you: wer't not for shame, - Well could I leave our sport to sleep awhile. - - [MARTIUS _falls into the pit_.]" - -It is unnecessary to give in detail the horrors that ensue. - - X. Z. - - -CURIOUS BILL OF FARE, AND STORM, IN 1739. - -I send you two morsels, copied from a small MS. volume of a very -miscellaneous character, consisting of poetical extracts, epigrams, -receipts, and family memoranda of the ancestors of the gentleman who has -kindly permitted me to send you the inclosed. - - "_A Bill of ffare at the Christning of Mr. Constable's Child, - Rector of Cockley Cley in Norfolk, Jan. 2, 1682._ - - "1. A whole hog's head, souc'd, with carrotts in the mouth and - pendants in the ears, with guilded oranges thick sett. - - 2. 2 ox.'s cheekes stewed, with 6 marrow bones. - - 3. A leg of veal larded, with 6 pullets. - - 4. A leg of mutton, with 6 rabbits. - - 5. A chine of bief, chine of venison, chine of mutton, chine of - veal, chine of pork, supported by 4 men. - - 6. A venison pasty. - - 7. A great minced pye, with 12 small ones about it. - - 8. A gelt fat turkey, with 6 capons. - - 9. A bustard, with 6 pluver. - - 10. A pheasant, with 6 woodcocks. - - 11. A great dish of tarts made all of sweetmeats. - - 12. A Westphalia hamm, with 6 tongues. - - 13. A jowle of sturgeon. - - 14. A great charg'r of all sorts of sweetmeats, with wine and all - sorts of liquors answerable. - - "The child, a girle; godfather, Mr. Green, a clergyman; - godmothers, Mis Beddingfield of Sherson, and a sister-in-law of - Mr. Constable's. - - "The guests, Mr. Green, Mr. Bagg and his daughter, and the - godmothers. - - "The parish'rs entertained at another house with rost and boil'd - bief, geese, and turkeys. Soon after the child dy'd, and the - funerall expenses came to 6_d._" - - "1739. Dec. 28, Friday, began a frost. Satterday and Sunday with - the most severe sharp wind that ever was known. Monday and Tuesday - fell a great deal of snow, w'ch continued upon the ground, with - the most severe frost ever known, without intermission till - Friday, Feb. 1st, then thaw'd in the day. Sharp frost at night. - Thaw'd Satterday and Sunday, with rain and sleet of snow, cold air - with frost, and continued till Sunday ye 10, when it thaw'd very - fast with smal rain and wind: continued till Monday, when it - changed into severe frost and a fall of snow, w'ch held till - Sunday, then thaw'd, wind west, in the most gentle manner, - insensibly wasting, no flood: extream dry, cold weather till ye 21 - of April: y't day a little rain, and on the 22 fell a great deal - of snow with a severe north and north-east wind: a little wet and - cold wind continued till the 5th of May, when there was hail and - snow a foot thick in many places. Continued cold till ye 9th. - Wheat 6_s._ 6_d._ a strike; barley 3_s._ 6_d._; mutton, in London, - 5-1/2_d._ and 6_d._ p'd, beife 5_d._; 3-1/2_d._ mutton in the - country, beife 3_d._ - - "No rain from the 21 April till the 7th of June, but continued - cold east and north-east wind, with a frost. June 3d, bread cost - at London, ye first sort at 11_s._ 8_d._ a strick, a little while. - On the 7th of June, wind south-south-west, a charming rain fell - every where, w'ch lowered ye exesive prises: after y't, a drought - succeeding, corn kept a high price, wheat 6_s._, barley 4, till - near harvest, and exportation stoped: grass burnt up all summer: - very little hay: butter and cheese very dear: everything continued - so. Ye 7 of Nov. fell a great snow and rain w'ch made a flood: ye - 10 begun a hard frost, w'ch continued with great severity, the - ground covered with snow till ye 22: the 21 fell a great deal of - snow, w'ch went away with some rain, and was a very great flood. - During this frost the Thames was frose, and great calamitys feared - from the want of hay and straw, w'ch the happy thaw prevented." - - EDW. HAWKINS. - - -PECULIAR ATTRIBUTES OF THE SEVENTH SON. - -Allow me to offer a Note on that part of MR. COOPER'S communication -(Vol. iii., pp. 148, 149.) which relates to the alleged power of the -"seventh son" to cure the "king's evil". This superstition is still -extant in this part of Cornwall. I have recently been told of three -_seventh_ sons, and of one _ninth_ son, who has been in the habit of -touching (or, as it is here called, "_striking_," which seems to mean -nothing more than _stroking_) persons suffering from the disease above -referred to. - -The _striker_ thrice gently stokes the part affected by the disorder, -and thrice blows on it, using some form of words. One of my informants, -who had been so "struck" when a child, has a charm, or rather an amulet, -which has just, for the first time, been opened at my instigation. It is -a small bag of black silk, and is found to contain an old worn shilling -of William III., bored and stitched through in a piece of canvas. This -was presented to the patient at the time of the operation, and was to be -kept carefully as a preservative against the malady. - -In Bristol, about forty years ago, there lived a respectable tradesman -who was habitually known as _Dr._ Peter P----, with no better title to -his degree than that he was the seventh son of a seventh son. - -Those who have read Mr. Carleton's tragic tale, _The Black Prophet_, -will remember that, in Ireland, the seventh son of the seventh son is -supposed to be-- - - "Endued - With gifts and knowledge, per'lous shrewd!" - -And in Keightley's _Fairy Mythology_ (p. 411. _note_, ed. 1850) are -given some tradition of that gifted Welsh family, the "Jones' of -Muddfi," whose forefather had married the "Spirit of the Van Pool." - - "She left her children behind her, who became famous as doctors. - Jones was their name, and they lived at a place called Muddfi. In - them was said to have originated the tradition of the seventh son, - or Septimus, being born for the healing art; as for many - generations seven sons were regularly born in each family, the - seventh of whom became the doctor, and wonderful in his - profession. It is said, even now, that the Jones' of Muddfi are, - or were until very recently, clever doctors." - -I have heard this tradition of the Jones' of Muddfi corroborated by a -Welsh friend. - - H. G. T. - - Launceston. - - -FOLK LORE. - -_Game-feathers protracting the Agony of Death._--In a recent Number this -singular superstition was stated to be prevalent in Sussex. In the -adjoining county of Surrey the notion appears to be deeply rooted in the -minds of the lower classes. A friend, residing in my parish -(Betchworth), has given me several examples, which have fallen under his -notice during the past winter. - -"I was calling, a few weeks since, upon an old man whom I had left the -previous day apparently in a dying state. At the door I met an old -neighhour, and inquired if he was still living. 'Yes Sir,' she said; 'we -think he must change his bed.' 'Change his bed!' I replied. 'What do you -mean?' 'Why, Sir, we think he can't pass away while he lies in that bed. -The neighbours think there must be game-feathers in the bed.' -'Game-feathers! What do you mean?' 'Why, Sir, it is always thought a -poor soul can't pass away if he is lying on game-feathers.' 'Oh,' I -said, 'there is nothing in that; that is not the reason of his lingering -on.' 'No, Sir,' she replied, 'I think so too, for I know the bed well. I -was at the making of it, and the feathers were well picked over.' - -"Not long after I looked in upon another aged man, who had been confined -to his bed upwards of four months, gently dropping into his grave -without any other apparent complaint than old age. He was a fine, hearty -old man, with a constitution which kept him lingering on beyond -expectation. 'Well,' I said, 'how are you this morning?' 'Oh, Sir, I -have had a sad night. I hoped, when you left me, I should drop asleep -and never wake more in this world.' 'Yes, poor fellow,' said his sister, -who stood by his bedside, 'he does not seem able to die; we think we -must move him to another bed.' 'Another bed! Why so?' 'Why, he does not -seem able to die, and we think there must be wild feathers in his bed.' -The old man evidently thought with his sister, that his bed had -something to do with the protraction of his life. He died, however, at -length without being moved. It is needless to remark, that the -superstition would no doubt have been confirmed, and the flickering lamp -of life might have been extinguished a few hours sooner, had they -carried into effect their proposal to drag him from one bed to another, -or to lay him upon the floor. The woman who helped to lay out the corpse -came to see me, and I took the occasion to ask if she knew the belief, -that a person could not die whilst lying upon game-feathers. She assured -me that she knew it to be the case, and that in two instances, when she -had attended persons who could not die, they had taken them out of their -beds, and they had expired immediately. I found all expostulation in -vain; no argument could shake so strong a conviction, and I have no -doubt that this strange notion is extensively entertained by the -peasantry in these southern counties." - -I have since been informed that a similar belief exists in Cheshire, in -regard to pigeons' feathers. - -In the part of Surrey where I reside another popular belief still -lingers, noticed elsewhere by writers on superstitions of this nature. -On the decease of the head of a family, where bees are kept, some person -forthwith goes to the hives and informs the bees of the event. Without -this precaution, it is affirmed that they would speedily desert the -hives. - - ALBERT WAY. - -_Charm for Ague._--Looking over some family papers lately, I found the -following charm to cure the ague in an old diary; the date on the paper -is 1751. In compliance with your motto I send it to you. - - "_Charm to cure the Ague._ - - "When Jesus saw ye cross, whereon his body should be crucified, - his body shook, and ye Jewes asked him had he the Ague? he - answered and said, 'Whosoever keepeth this in mind or writing - shall not be troubled with Fever or Ague; so, Lord, help thy - servant trusting in thee. Then say the Lord's prayer. - - "This is to be read before it is folded, then knotted, and not - opened after." - - PEREDUR. - -_Old Shoes thrown for Luck_ (Vol. ii., p. 196.).--I may be allowed to -quote, from Tennyson's _Lyrical Monologue_-- - - "For this thou shalt from all things seek, - Marrow of mirth and laughter; - And wheresoe'er thou move, good luck - Shall throw her old shoe after." - - W. FRASER. - -_Folk Lore of the Kacouss People._--In _Blackwood_, January, 1852, -mention is made, in a review of a French Folk Lore book, of the Kacouss, -a sort of Breton parias formerly excluded from the society of -Christians, and rejected even by the church, which permitted them to -attend Divine service only at the door of the temple _under the bells_. -What does this _under the bells_ mean; and is anything more known of -them than what is stated in that work? - - THOMAS LAWRENCE. - - Ashby de la Zouch. - - -BURIALS IN WOOLLEN. - -On looking over the parish registers of Mautby, in the county of -Norfolk, a few days since, I found thirteen entries of certificates of -the enforced observance of this practice, of which the following is a -specimen:-- - - "November the 8th, 1678. Was brought unto me an Affidavit for ye - Burial of William the So[=n]e of John Turner in Woollen according - to ye late act of Parliament for that purpose.--ANDREW CALL, - _Rector_." - -The reason is clear--to increase the consumption of wool; but I should -much wish to know the date of the aforesaid act of parliament, and to -how late a period it extended. I find a comparatively recent trace of it -in an original affidavit of the kind, in the varied collection of my -friend R. Rising, Esq., of Horsey, which I subjoin in full, as it may be -interesting to many readers of "N. &. Q." - - "Borough of Harwich in the County of Essex to Wit. - - "Sarah the Wife of Robert Lyon of the parish of Dovercourt in the - Borough aforesaid, husbandman, and Deborah the Wife of Stephen - Driver, of the same parish, husbandman (being two credible - persons), do make oath that Deborah, the daughter of the said - Stephen and Deborah, aged 18 weeks, who was on the 7th day of - April instant interred in the parish Churchyard of Dovercourt, in - the borough aforesaid, was not put in, wrapped, or wound up, or - buried in any Shirt, Shift, Sheet, or Shroud, made or mingled with - Flax, Hemp, Silk, Hair, Gold, or Silver, or other than what is - made of Sheeps' Wool only; or in any Coffin lined or faced with - any Cloth Stuff, or any other thing, whatsoever, made or mingled - with Flax, Hemp, Silk, Hair, Gold or Silver, or any other material - but Sheeps' Wool only. - - "Taken and sworn the fifteenth day of April 1769, before me, one - of His Majesty's Justices of the Peace. G. DAVIES. - - "The mark of - x - SARAH LYON. - The mark of - D - DEBORAH DRIVER. - - "Witness. - B. DIDIER." - - E. S. TAYLOR. - - -Minor Notes. - -_Unacknowledged Quotations from the Scriptures._--As a compensation for -the passages which are often held to be in the Bible, but are not there, -it sometimes happens that others are taken from thence, and given to -profane authors. Among these is "Multi pertransibunt, et augebitur -scientia," which, Daniel xii. 4. notwithstanding, is the motto of the -first edition of Montucla's _History of Mathematics_, followed by -"--_Bacon._" I have also seen it given to Bacon elsewhere. - - M. - -_Latin Hexameters on the Bible._--The doggerel Latin hexameters -subjoined were made by a Christmas party at Billingbear, eighty years -ago. Amongst the contributors I can only point out the names of my -father and Sir Thomas Frankland, the sixth baronet, who printed the -verses for distribution amongst his friends. I have often found them -useful, and they may be perhaps of service to others. - - MEMORIA TECHNICA _for the Books of the Bible, arranged in the - order in which they occur_. - - "Genesis, Exo, Levi, Num, Deutero, Joshua, Judges, - Ruth, Sam, Sam, King, King, Chron, Chron, Ezra, Nehemiah, - Esther, Job, Psalmae, Prov, Eccles, Song Solomonis, - Isaiah, Jeremiah, Lament, Ezekiel, Danielque - Hosea, Joel, Amos, Obadiah, Jonah, Micah, Nahum, - Habbakuk, Zephaniah, Haggai, Zachariah, Malachi, - Matthaeus, Marcus, Lucas, John, Acts of Apostles, - Rom, Cor, Cor, Gal, Ephes, Phi, Co, Thess, Thess, Timothy, Tim, Tit, - Phil, Heb, James, Pet, Pet, John, John, John, Jude, Revelations." - - _Apocrypha._ - - "Esdras, Esdra, Tobit, Judith, Esth, Wisd., Ecclesiastes, - Bar, Song, Susan, Idol, Manasses, Maccabe, Maccab." - - BRAYBROOKE. - -_Epigram on La Bruyere._--The French Academy has been made the butt of -more sarcastic sallies than any other institution of equal distinction -and respectability. Some of these have been directed against it as a -body, such as Piron's epitaph on himself: - - "Ci-git Piron qui ne fut rien, - Pas meme Academicien." - -Others were levelled at the members individually. Of this sort are the -lines on La Bruyere: - - "Quand La Bruyere se presente, - Pourquoi faut-il crier haro? - Pour faire un nombre de quarante - Ne fallait-il pas un zero?" - -Who was the author of the latter epigram? Since the days of La Bruyere -it has been used as a standing gibe against all newly elected -Academicians, whose names could be substituted for his, with a due -regard to rhythmical propriety. - - HENRY H. BREEN. - - St. Lucia. - -_Cock and Bull Story._--As the expression of a "_cock_ and _bull_ story" -has sometimes puzzled me, so it may have puzzled others, and I therefore -send the following Note, if worthy of notice: - - "I have used the expressive proverbial phrase _Cock-on-a-Bell_, - familiarly corrupted into Cock-and-a-Bull, in its true and genuine - application to the fabulous narratives of Popery. There is some - measure of antiquarian curiosity attendant upon it, which may - rival the singular metamorphosis of the _Pix und Ousel_ into the - familiar sign of the _Pig and Whistle_. During the Middle Ages, as - we learn incidentally from Reinerius, _Gallus-super-campanam_ was - the ecclesiastical hieroglyphic of a _Romish Priest_: and as the - gentlemen of that fraternity dealt somewhat copiously in legends - rather marvellous than absolutely true, the contempt of Our - English Protestantism soon learned proverbially to distinguish any - idle figment by the burlesque name of a _Cock-on-a-Bell_ story, - or, as we now say, a _Cock-and-a-Bull story_."--From _An Inquiry - into the History and Theology of the Ancient Vallenses and - Albigenses_, by George Stanley Faber, B.D., 1838, p. 76. n. - - J. R. R. - -_Mary Queen of Scots--Her Monument and Head._--I find in Grose's -_Antiquarian Repertory_, 2nd edition, vol. iii. p. 388., an account of a -monument which was formerly to be seen in the Church of St. Andrew, at -Antwerp, to the memory of Mary Queen of Scots; and it is therein -related, on the authority of "an ancient MS.," shown to the author by "a -Flemish gentleman of consequence and learning," that two of Mary's -attendant ladies, named Barbara Mowbray and Elizabeth Curle, buried the -head of their unfortunate mistress there, having been permitted, on -leaving England after her execution, to carry her head with them. - -Can any of your readers inform me whether this monument still exists, -and whether anything is known of a portrait of Mary said to have been -placed by these ladies near the monument? Also, whether there is any -truth whatever in the above strange story. - - C. E. D. - - - - -Queries. - - -THE BOOK OF JASHER. - -The inclosed cutting is from the _New Monthly Magazine_ for March 1829. -What has become of the translation of the "Book of Jasher" named -therein, and was it ever published as promised? - - "_Curious Literary Discovery._--The following is a singular - discovery, said to be a translation from the original Hebrew - manuscript of the Book of Jasher, referred to as a work of credit - and reputation in Holy Scripture, first in Joshua x. 13. and again - in 2 Sam. i. 18. This book was kept as a memorial of the great - events which had happened from the beginning of time, especially - to the family and descendants of Abraham, by the Kings of Judah. - After the Babylonish captivity, it fell into the possession of the - Persian Kings, and was preserved with great care in the city of - Gazna: from whence a translation was procured by the great Alcuin, - who flourished in the eighth century, at the cost of several bars - of gold, presented to those who had the custody of it. He brought - this translation to his own country, having employed, with his - companions, seven years in pilgrimage; three of which were spent - in Gazna, in order to his obtaining this important and interesting - work. After his return to England he was made Abbot of Canterbury; - and having lived in the highest honour, died in the year 804, - leaving this, with other manuscripts, to his friend, a clergyman - in Yorkshire. It appears to have been preserved with religious - care for many centuries, until, about one hundred years since, it - fell into the hands of a gentleman, who certifies that on its - cover was the following testimony of our great reformer - Wickliffe:--'I have read the Book of Jasher twice over, and I much - approve of it as a piece of great antiquity and curiosity; but I - cannot assent that it should be made a part of the Canon of - Scripture.'--(Signed, Wickliffe.) This gentleman, who conceals his - name, communicated it to a Noble Lord, who appears to have been - high in office, when a rumour prevailed of a new translation of - the Bible. His Lordship's opinion of it was that it should be - published, as a work of great sincerity, plainness, and truth; and - further, his Lordship added, 'it is my opinion the Book of Jasher - ought to have been printed in the Holy Bible before the Book of - Joshua.' From that period this invaluable work has lain concealed, - until, by an accident, it fell into the hands of the present - possessor, who purposes to publish it in a way worthy its - excellence for truth, antiquity, and evident originality.--_Daily - Paper._" - - L. L. L. - - [Two editions of this work have been published: the first appeared - in 1751, and the other in 1829; both in 4to. The title-page of the - latter edition informs us that it was "translated into English - from the Hebrew, by Flaccus Albinus Alcuinus of Britain, Abbot of - Canterbury, who went a pilgrimage into the Holy Land and Persia, - where he discovered this volume, in the city of Gazna." But it - appears that this Alcuin of Britain was no other than Jacob Ilive; - and, according to Rowe Mores, the whole of it is a palpable - forgery. He states, that "the account given of the translation is - full of glaring absurdities. Mr. Ilive, in the night-time, had - constantly an Hebrew Bible before him, and cases in his closet. He - produced the _Book of Jasher_; and it was composed in private, and - the same worked off in the night-time in a private - press-room."--Rowe Mores' _Diss. on Founders_, p. 64. See also - Nichols' _Literary Anecdotes_, vol. i. p. 309.] - - -Minor Queries. - -_Old China._--It was gratifying to see some inquiries respecting Dutch -china, which it is to be hoped will lead to a further pursuit of such -subjects. Some connoisseur would confer a benefit upon the community if -he would be kind enough to give a concise description of the various -styles and to point out the distinguishing marks of old china generally, -by which its beauties might be appreciated and its value estimated: -there is great difficulty in acquiring such information. - - C. T. - -_Pagoda, Joss House, Fetiche._--No such word as _Pagoda_ is known in the -native languages: _Dewal_, according to Mr. Forbes (_Orient. Mem._ vol. -i. p. 25.), is the proper name. I have read somewhere or another that -_Pagoda_ is a name invented by the Portuguese from the Persian -"Pentgheda," meaning _a temple of idols_. _Joss_, applied to the Chinese -temples, seems to be the Spanish _Dios_ (Deus), as _diurnal_ becomes -_journal_. - - "The Fetiche of the African (says Mr. Milman) is the Manitou of - the American Indian. The word _Fetiche_ was first, I believe, - brought into general use in the curious volume of the President de - Brosses' _Du Culte des Dieux Fetiches_. The word was formed by the - traders to Africa from the Portuguese _Fetisso_, chose fee, - enchantee, divinee, ou rendant des Oracles." De B. p. - 18.--_History of Christianity_ (3 vols. 1840), vol. i. p. 11. - -Query, Is this word the same as a common word in Ireland (upon which -Banim founded a tale), ycleped _fetch_, which answers to the Scotch -_wraith_? - - EIRIONNACH. - -"_And Eva stood and wept alone._"--A good many years ago I deciphered on -the marbled paper cover of one of my school-books the lines of which the -following are what I yet retain in memory: - - "And Eva stood, and wept alone, - Awhile she paused, then woke a strain - Of intermingled joy and pain. - - Yes, O my mother! thou art fled. - And who on this lone heart will shed - The healing dew of sympathy, - That stills the bosom's deepest sigh? - Yes! thou art fled, but if 'tis given - To spirits in the courts of heaven - To watch o'er those they love (for this - Must heighten even angels' bliss), - If blessing so refined and pure - Our mortal frailty can endure, - Oh! may my mother's spirit mild - Watch over and protect her child." - -I have never since, through a tolerably extensive course of reading, met -with the poem to which these lines belong, and have inquired of others, -without more success. Can any of your correspondents inform me of the -name of the poem, and of its author? - - S. S. WARDEN. - -_Hearne's Confirmation.--Baxter's Heavy Shove.--Old Ballad._--In -_Narratives of Sorcery and Magic_, by Thomas Wright, Esq. (1851), vol. -ii. p. 163., mention is made of a work by the associate of the notorious -Hopkins, the "Witch-finder General," one John Hearne, entitled, _A -Confirmation and Discovery of Witchcraft_ (1648). I should esteem it a -great favour if any of the numerous readers of your valuable journal can -inform me where a copy of Hearne's work is to be found, as it appears to -be wanting in the British Museum, and several other of the public -libraries. I already happen to possess a copy of Matthew Hopkins's -_Discovery of Witches_, 4to. (1647), an extraordinary little work, which -Sir Walter Scott acknowledges he was acquainted with but by name. - -There is a tract, too, by the celebrated author of the _Saints' Rest_, -which I never yet could put eyes on, though I have for some years -"collected" rather largely; I allude to Baxter's _Heavy Shove_, -mentioned at page 99. of Lackington's "Life," and in one or two other -works; but among a very large collection of old editions of Baxter's -works possessed by me, it is not to be discovered. If any of your -correspondents can enlighten me upon the subject I shall be much -gratified. - -Though I have collected rather extensively among the ballad lore of this -country, I am sorry to say I never could find out from what particular -ballad the annexed stanza is derived. It is to be found, as an epigraph, -in _Poetical Memoirs_, by the late James Bird, 8vo. (1823): - - "Brunette and fayre, my heart did share, - As last a wyfe I tooke: - Then all the wayes of my younge dayes, - I noted in a booke!" - - _Old English Ballad._ - - CHARLES CLARK. - - Great Totham Hall, Essex. - -_Gunpowder Mills._--When and where were the first gunpowder mills -erected in this country? This Query was made in the _Gentleman's -Magazine_ for October, 1791, and does not appear to have been answered. -I think I have waited long enough for a reply, and almost fear the Query -must have been forgotten. - - W. - -_Macfarlane of that Ilk._--Who is the present heir-male of this family? -The latest account of it that I have been able to discover is contained -in Douglas's _Baronage of Scotland_ (1798). - - E. N. - -_Armorial Bearings._--In the _Court Manual of Dignity and Precedence_ it -is stated, that in the year 1798, when the subject of armorial bearings -was before Parliament, 9458 families in England, and 4000 in Scotland, -were _proved_ entitled to arms. Are any of the relative parliamentary -papers still in existence, and where are they to be found? I have been -unable to discover them in Hansard. - - E. N. - -_Scologlandis and Scologi._--In the _Collections of the Shires of -Aberdeen and Banff_, published by the Spalding Club, and under the -heading "Ellon," p. 310., there is given an - - "Inquisicio facta super terris Ecclesie de Ellon. A.D. 1387," - -in which occur several times the two words _Scologlandis_ and _Scologi_. -Neither of these words are found in Ducange; the nearest approach to -either being _Scolanda_, which is considered to be equivalent to _Scrut -landa_, namely, lands the revenue of which is to be applied to the -providing of church vestments. I should be much obliged by any of your -correspondents favouring me with their opinion as to the meaning of -_Scologlandis_ and _Scologi_, which are used in the "Inquisicio" as -follows: - - "... Qui jurati deposuerunt quod terre Ecclesiastice de Ellon que - dicuntur le _Scologlandis_.... - - "... Item quod heres cujuslibet _Scologi_ defuncti intrare - consuevit hereditatem suam." - - G. J. R. G. - -_Ednowain ap Bradwen._--Can any of the readers of "N. & Q." give me -information respecting this person, or the family descended from him, -which is supposed to have lived in North Wales during the reign of Henry -VII.? His armorial badge is figured in p. 250. of Enderbie's _Cambria -Triumphans_, and is described as _Gules, three snakes braced, Arg._ -There is an ancient font in our church, which, when restored to it in -the year 1841, after having been put to vile uses for many years, did -bear this badge, _but it does not bear it now_. The gentleman who -undertook the direction of the repair of the sculpture on the font, not -having been inspired by the Professor of History at Oxford with a due -reverence for antiquities, ordered Samuel Davies, a stone-mason (who is -still living in this town), to make the three snakes as much like one -dragon as he could. This he attempted to do by chiselling away the head -of one snake, inlaying in its place the head of a dragon; and making the -other heads and tails into legs with claws. The result of these -operations has been a dragon of a _very_ singular appearance. There is a -portcullis with chains sculptured on one of the eight sides of the font; -and it has been conjectured that the motive to the conversion of the -_three snakes, braced_, into a dragon, was to make it appear probable -that the font had been presented to the church by Henry VII. - - AP JOHN. - - Wrexham. - -_Mummy Wheat._--As you have afforded space for a Query on "Wild Oats," -you will not, I hope, deny me a corner for one on Mummy Wheat. - -In the year 1840, a letter appeared in _The Times_, signed "Martin -Farquhar Tupper," which detailed minutely the sowing, growing, and -gathering of some mummy wheat. Mr. Tupper, it seems, had received the -grains of wheat from Mr. Pettigrew, who had them from Sir Gardner -Wilkinson, by whom they were found on opening an ancient tomb in the -Thebaid. Mr. Tupper took great pains to secure the identity of the seed, -and had no doubt that he had gathered the product of a grain preserved -since the time of the Pharaohs. The long vitality of seeds has been a -popular belief; I was therefore surprised to find that that interesting -fact is now pronounced to be no fact at all. It appears, in _The -Year-Book of Facts for 1852_, that Prof. Henslowe stated to the British -Association, that "the instances of plants growing from seeds found in -mummies were all erroneous." Can any one tell me how this has been -proved? - - H. W. G. - - Elgin. - -_The Trusty Servant at Winchester._--The singular emblematic picture of -a "Trusty Servant," in the vestibule of the kitchen of Winchester -College, is too well known to require a description. I remember once -hearing a gentleman refer to some author as giving a description of a -similar figure, and speaking of such representations as of great -antiquity. Unfortunately I took no _note_ of it at the time, and I now -hope to recover the reference by a _query_; and shall feel obliged to -any of your correspondents who may be able to furnish me with an answer: -"Who was the author referred to?" - - M. Y. R. W. - -_Anecdote._--Can you tell me the names of the clergyman and noble lord -referred to in the following anecdote? - - "A noble lord distinguished for a total neglect of religion, and - who, boasting the superior excellence of some water works which he - had invented and constructed, added, that after having been so - useful to mankind, he expected to be very _comfortable_ in the - next world, notwithstanding his ridicule and disbelief of - religion. 'Ah,' replied the clergyman, 'if you mean to be - _comfortable_ there, you must take your _waterworks_ along with - you.'"--Daniel's _Sports_, Supplement, p. 305. - - H. N. E. - -_St. Augustine._--What is the best edition of his _Confessions_. Dupin -mentions his six Treatises on Man. Do these exist, and do they appear in -any edition of St. Augustine's works? - - E. A. H. L. - -_Ghost--Evidence of one not received._--In Ackerman's _Repository_, Nov. -1820, is a short account of a remarkable instance of a person being -tried on the pretended evidence of a ghost. A farmer on his return from -the market at Southam, co. Warwick, was murdered. The next morning a man -called upon the farmer's wife, and related how on the previous night, as -he lay in bed, quite awake, her husband's ghost had appeared to him, and -after showing him several stabs on his body, had told him that he was -murdered by a certain person, and his corpse thrown into a certain -marl-pit. A search was instituted, the body found in the pit, and the -wounds on the body of the deceased were exactly in the parts described -by the pretended dreamer; the person who was mentioned was committed for -trial on violent suspicion of murder, and the trial came on at Warwick -before Lord Chief Justice Raymond. The jury would have convicted the -prisoner as rashly as the magistrate had committed him, but for the -interposition of the judge, who told them that he did not put any credit -in the pretended ghost story, since the prisoner was a man of -unblemished reputation, and no ill feeling had ever existed between -himself and the deceased. He said that he knew of no law which admitted -of the evidence of a ghost; and if any did, the ghost had not appeared. -The crier was then ordered to summon the ghost, which he did three -times, and the judge then acquitted the prisoner, and caused the accuser -to be detained, which was accordingly done, and his house searched, when -such strong proofs of guilt were discovered, that the man confessed the -crime, and was executed for murder at the following assizes. - -Could any of your readers inform me when this remarkable trial took -place, and where I could meet with a more detailed account? - - SOUTHAMIENSIS. - -_Roman and Saxon Cambridge._--Dr. W. Warren, formerly Vice-Master of -Trinity Hall, Cambridge, wrote some papers to prove that the situation -of the Grantacaester of Bede was at the Castle end of Cambridge, not at -Granchester, and "demonstrated the thing as amply as a matter of that -sort is capable of." Brydges states (_Restituta_, iv. 388.) that his -brother, Dr. R. Warren, intended to publish this tract, which came into -his hands after the death of the vice-master, which happened in, or -shortly after, the year 1735. He left some MSS. to the college, but this -is not amongst them; and Dr. R. Warren did not, as far as I can learn, -ever carry his intention of publishing it into execution. What I want to -learn is, where this tract now is, if it still exists; or, if it has -been printed, where a printed copy is to be found. - - C. C. B. - -_Queries on the Mistletoe_ (Vol. iv., p. 110.).--Will your correspondent -who some Numbers back stated, in a communication on the mistletoe, that -it was _not uncommon_ upon the oak in _Somersetshire_, kindly give _two -or three localities_ on his own knowledge? I fear some mistake has -arisen, for, as far as my experience goes, an arch-Druid might hunt long -enough in the present day for the "heaven-descended plant" among a -_grove of oaks_, ere he fortuitously alighted upon it. Some years ago a -friend assured me that he was credibly informed by a timber merchant -often in the Sussex forests, that _mistletoe_ was not uncommon upon oaks -there; but on a personal inspection it turned out that _ivy_, not -_mistletoe_, was intended. I suspect a similar mistake in Somersetshire, -unless two or three certain localities can be named as seen by a -competent observer. - -I should also like to know from your Carolinian correspondent H. H. B., -whether the mistletoe he mentions is our genuine "wintry mistletoe"--the -_Viscum album_ of Linnaeus, or _another species_. The "varieties of the -oak" he speaks of as having mistletoe upon them, are, I presume, all -_American_ species, and not the European _Quercus robur_. - - A. F. - - Worcester. - -_Portrait of Mesmer._--I should be glad if you, or any of your readers -in England or in France, could inform me whether there is anywhere to be -found a portrait--drawing, painting, or engraving--of _Mesmer_? - - SIGMA. - - -Minor Queries Answered. - -_Saint Richard_ (Vol. iv., p. 475.).--On what authority do the -particulars recorded of this personage in the _Lives of the Saints_ -rest? I cannot help considering his very existence as rather apocryphal, -for these reasons:--1. Bede, who must have been his contemporary, and -whose _Ecclesiastical History_ was written several years after the date -assigned for Richard's death, never mentions his name. 2. When did his -alleged renunciation of the throne occur, and what historian of the -period mentions it? At the time of his death, and for thirty-five years -before, the kingdom of Wessex was under the sway of Ina, one of the -greatest and best of the West Saxon kings. 3. His name is not a Saxon -one, and I believe it is not to be found in English history till after -the Norman Conquest. - - S. S. WARDEN. - - [The _Britannia Sancta_, 4to. 1745, contains the following notice - of St. Richard compiled from the collections of the - Bollandists:--"St. Richard, whose name occurs on Feb. 7 in the - Roman Martyrology, is styled there, as well as in divers other - monuments, _King of the English_, though in the catalogues of our - Saxon kings there is no one found of that name; the reason of - which is, because the catalogues of the kings, during the - Heptarchy, are very imperfect, as might be proved, if it were - necessary, by several instances of kings whose names are there - omitted. As for St. Richard, it is that he was one of those - princes who, as we learn from St. Bede, lib. iv. ch. 12., ruled - the West Saxons after the year 673, till they were forced to give - way to King Ceadwall; which is the more probable, because he - flourished about that time, and was of the province of the West - Saxons, as appears from his being a kinsman to St. Winifred, or - Boniface, born and brought up in those parts (at Crediton in - Devonshire), and from his son Willibald's being brought up in a - monastery of the same province, and from his own setting out upon - his pilgrimage from Hamble Haven, which belonged to the West - Saxons." Some account of St. Richard and his tomb at Lucca will be - found in the _Gentleman's Magazine_, vol. lxix., pt. i. p. 14.] - -"_Coming Events cast their Shadows before._"--Where does this couplet -occur? - - "'Tis the sunset of life gives me mystical lore, - And coming events cast their shadows before." - - E. G. - - [This couplet is from Campbells "Lochiel's Warning."] - -_St. Christopher._--Fosbroke says, "the Greek Christians represented -this saint with a dog's head, like Anubis, to show that he was of the -country of the Cynocephale; and in confirmation of this assertion he -quotes "_Winckelm. Stosch._ _cl._ i. _n._ 103." I have never heard -either of this fact, or of the authority from which Fosbroke derived it. -Can any of your readers give me any information about either? - - E. A. H. L. - - [The following is the passage quoted by Mr. Fosbroke, from - Winckelmann's _Description des Pierres Gravees du feu Baron de - Stosch_. 4to. Florence, 1760, p. 25.:-- - - "_Jaspe rouge._ Anubis en pied. Je vais remarquer ici en passant - que les Chretiens Grecs du moyen age ont figure S. Christrophle - avec tete de Chien, comme Anubis, pour signifier que ce Saint - etoit du pays des Cynocephales. (Pin. _Commentar. Vit. S. - Christoph._, [p] 6. in _Act. SS. Ant. Ful._, vol. vi. p. 427.) Tel - le voiton sur un ancien Menologe peint sur bois, dans la - Bibliotheque du Vatican; cette rare piece y est entree avec la - bibliotheque du Marq. Capponi."] - -_Cuddy, the Ass._--Your correspondents have alluded to the words -_Donkey_ and _Moke_ not appearing in any of our dictionaries. There is -another word for the same animal in general use in Northumberland and -the neighbouring counties, _Cuddy_, which likewise does not appear in -the dictionaries I have looked at,--Johnson's amongst the number. Can -any of your correspondents give the origin of this word? - - J. S. A. - - Old Broad Street. - - [This word is most probably of Oriental origin, and may have been - imported by the gypsies, the ass being their favourite quadruped. - Persian _gudda_ signifies an ass; and _ghudda_ has the same - signification in Hindostanee.--Jamieson's _Scottish Dictionary_.] - -_Toady._--Will any of your readers be kind enough to explain the origin -of this word, which is constantly used in conversation when speaking of -a sycophant? - - F. M. - - [_Toady_, or _Toad-eater_, a vulgar name for a fawning, obsequious - sycophant, was first given to a gluttonous parasite, famous for - his indiscriminate enjoyment and praise of all viands whatever set - before him. To test his powers of stomach and complaisance, one of - his patrons had a _toad_ cooked and set before him, which he both - ate and praised in his usual way.--Ogilvie's _Imperial - Dictionary_.] - -_Mother Shipton._--We have all heard of Mother Shipton and her -prophecies. Was she a real character? If so, where did she live, and at -what period? Were her prophecies ever published? If so, I should like an -account of them? - - JACOBUS. - - [Our correspondent is referred to the following works relating to - this renowned personage:--1. _The Prophesies of Mother Shipton in - the Raigne of King Henry VIII., foretelling the Death of Cardinal - Wolsey, the Lord Percy, and others; as also what should happen in - ensuing Times_: London, 1641, 4to. 2. _Two Strange Prophesies, - predicting Wonderfull Events to betide this Yeare of Danger in - this Climate, where some have already come to passe_, by Mother - Shipton: London, 1642, 4to. (About 1642 several other tracts were - published with the name of Shipton.) 3. _The Life and Death of - Mother Shipton_: London, 1677, 4to. 4. _Mother Shipton's Life and - Curious Prophecies_: London, 1797, 8vo. 5. _The History of Mother - Shipton_: Newcastle, 4to. Nos. 1. and 4. are in the British - Museum.] - - - - -Replies. - - -RALPH WINTERTON. - -(Vol. v., p. 346.) - -There appears to be a slight error in the Editor's reply to E. D.'s -Query respecting Ralph Winterton's translation of Gerard's _Meditations -and Prayers_. I have an earlier edition than that of 1631. It is dated -1627[3], printed at Cambridge by Thomas and John Bucke, and possesses no -less than four dedications, which throw some little, and rather curious -light on his history. The _first_, "To the Right Worsh. my most worthy -Friend and Benefactour, Mr. John Bowle, Doctor of Divinitie, and Deane -of Salisbury," in which he mentions "the fatherly care" he had -experienced from that divine, "when he was at Kensington, in the house -of that most vertuous and literate Lady, the Lady Coppen." "By your -indeficient liberalitie," he says, "all defects were supplyed, all -difficulties remooved, horses provided, a man appointed, and, _to -conclude_, by the grace of God, after many a troublesome and wearysome -step, to my rest I returned." The _second_ Dedication is, "To the Right -Worshipp. vertuous and learned Lady, the Lady Coppen, Mr R. Coppen, Mr -T. Coppen, her Sonnes; M'ris Elizabeth Coppen, her Daughter-in-Law, &c., -Internall, Externall, Eternall Happiness." In this he records, that -"scarce had he entered her doores at Kensington, but he was saluted and -made welcome by a gentlewoman well deserving at his hands, whose name -must not be concealed, M'ris Francis Thorowgood, who hasted to carrie -news to your Ladyship. _Dixirat et dicto citius._ Hereupon your -Ladyship," he adds, "was pleased, out of hand, leaving all other -business, not to send to mee, but to descend yourself to mee; not so -much by the degrees of staires, as by a naturall inclination to show -your hospitality," &c.; and speaks of her as understanding "the -scholler's Languages as well as they that do profess them;" and as being -"highly honoured by Queene Elizabeth." The _third_ Dedication is "To the -Right Worship. my most munificent Friend, Sir John Hanburie, of Kelmash, -in Northamptonshire." The _fourth_, "To the Worsh. my very worthy -Friends, M'r William Bonham (of Paternoster Rowe, in London), and M'ris -Anne Bonham, his Wife, Mr. Nathaniell Henshawe, of Valence, in Essex; -M'r Benjamin Henshawe, of Cheapside, in London; and M'r Thomas Henshawe, -of Saffron Walden, in Essex." The _third_ Dedication is dated from -_Lutterworth_, in _Leicestershire_, May 10: the others from _King's -Coll._, June 12, 1627. - - C. W. B. - - [Footnote 3: [The edition of 1627 was unknown to Watt, and is not - to be found in the libraries of the British Museum or the - Bodleian.--ED.]] - -_MS. Account of Fellows of King's, anno 1616._ - - "Ralph Winterton of Lutterworth, Leicester, Bro. of Fran., who was - Gent. of the Pr. Chamber to Hen. Maria, and served under D. of - Hamilton in Germ., and was killed at Custrin, on the Borders of - Silesia. See History of that Expedition. - - "M.D., Prof. Regi Med., Sept. 13, 1636, at which time all the Reg. - Prof. were of K. C. - - "He was a great Physician & Scholar, insomuch that he was a - Candidate to succeed Downes as Greek Prof. He translated Gerhard's - _Sum of Xtian Doctri._, 1640, of which see Dedication. On his Bro. - departing for Germany, he translated _Drescelius on Eternity_, and - on another occasion returned to Gerhard. This was probably on some - difficulty which was started to his Degree of M.D. by Provost - Collins. He is said at one time to have suffered so, as for a time - to have lost his senses. His Books are prefaced by recommendatory - Verses from K. C. men, viz. D. Williamson, 1627; R. Newman, H. - Whiston, and Thomas Page, 1627; Wym Carew, 1622; Tho. Bonham, - 1621; Edm. Sheafe, 1613; R. Williams, 1623; T. Yonge, 1624. - - "He published _Dionysius de Situ Orbis_, with a Dedication to Sir - H. Wotton, and Hippocrates' _Aphorisms_ in Gr. Verse, 1633. Qu'e, - if the Lat. Verses not written by Fryer, an eminent Physician at - Camb. Qu'e, the _Poetae Minores_." - -See, too, a short account in Harwood's _Alumni Etonensis_, p. 218. - - J. H. L. - - -MEANING AND ORIGIN OF "ERA." - -(Vol. iv., pp. 383. 454.; Vol. v., p. 106.) - -Your correspondents do not seem to be aware that this _questio vexata_ -has given rise to a volume in folio! In 1744 Don Gregorio Mayans y -Siscar published, at the expense of the Academy of Valencia, a volume -containing nearly 400 pages under the following title: _Obras -Chronologicas de Don Gaspar Ibanyes, &c., Marquis de Mondejar, &c. &c._, -which is principally occupied by a discourse entitled, "Origen de LA ERA -ESPANYOLA i su Diferencia con los anyos de Christo."[4] Prefixed to this -is a very able and learned Preface, by the editor, of nearly 100 pages; -and one would have thought that between these distinguished scholars the -subject in dispute would be set at rest. - - [Footnote 4: A re-impression of the Valencia edition was made at - Madrid in the year 1795.] - -Unfortunately, however, Spanish scholars and antiquaries have too much -neglected the Gothic element in their language, and they have -consequently missed the only source from whence, as it appears to me, -the true origin of _Era_ could be developed. The Marquis de Mondejar -indeed seems to have had a suspicion of the true source; for he has a -chapter thus entitled "Si puede ser _Gothica_ la voz ERA i aver -introducido los Godos su computo en Espanya?" in which he thus expresses -his incapacity to answer his own question: - - "I assi contentandonos con aver expressado nuestra imaginacion con - el mismo recelo que la discurrimos, _prohibendonos la ignorancia - de la lengua Gothica antigua_, el que podamos justificar si pudo - aver procedido de ella la voz ERA propria del computo de que - hablamos." - -As long since as 1664 that eminent northern philologist Thomas Marshall, -in his notes on the Gothic Gospels, had thus expressed himself, -confirming, if not anticipating, Spelman: - - "{jER} proprie significat annum, sicque usurpatur in omnibus linguis - Gothicae cognatis; sua scilicet cuique Dialecto asservata. Videant - Hispani, nunquid eorum HERA vel ERA, quod _AEtatem_ et _tempus_ - dicitur interdum significare, debeat originationem suam Gothico - {jER}, atque num forsan hinc quoque aliquid lucis affulserit - indagantibus originem vexatissimi illius _AEra_, quatenus - significat Epocham Chronologicam." - -In the _Glossary_ the further development of the origin of the word is -ingenious, but not satisfactory: - - "Prisca interim Gothorum atque Anglo-Saxonum orthographia inducor - ut credam {ger} vel {gear} esse a [Greek: gyroun] Gyrare, in orbem - circumvolvere, juxta illud poetae principis, _Georg_. II. 402.: - - 'Atque in se sua per vestigia volvitur annus.' - - Unde et Annum idem poeta, _AEneid_. I. 273., Orbem dixit: - - 'Triginta magnos volvendis mensibus orbes - Imperio explebit,' - - ubi Servius: Annus dictus quasi Anus, id est Anulus; quod in se - redeat, &c." - -That the Roman word _AEra_ signified _number_ in earlier times, we learn -from Nonius Marcellus: - - "_AEra_ numeri nota, Lucilius lib. xxviiij. Hoc est ratio perversa, - _aera_ summa, et subducta improbe." - -Those who desire further confirmation will find it in that extraordinary -storehouse of erudition, the _Exercitationes Pliniana_ of Salmasius, p. -483., ed. 1689. - -It is equally certain that, soon after the establishment of the Gothic -domination in Spain, it was applied in its present signification; but -that it also signified _time_ or period will be evident from the -following passage of the _Coronica General_, Zamora, 1541. fol. -CCC.XXVJ. Speaking of the numbers of the extraordinary armament -assembled by Don Alonzo, preparatory to the battle of Las Navas: - - "E para todo esto complir avia menester el rey Don Alfonso de cada - dia doze mil maravedis _de aquella_ ERA, que era buena moneda." - -That is to say, money _of that time_. - -From our imperfect acquaintance with the early history of the Goths, it -is not easy to decide upon the reasons why they adopted their mode of -reckoning from thirty-eight years before the Christian epoch; but if we -accept the signification which we know it was not unusual to affix to -the word _Era_, namely, that of _year_, _time_, or _period_, the -solution is easy as to its origin. It was only the engrafting of their -own vernacular word into the barbarous Latin of the time, from whence -also it was adopted into the Romance, Castilian, or Spanish. - -It may also be observed that Liutprand uses the word in this sense: in -speaking of the Mosque of San Sophia at Constantinople, and how the -course of the reign of its rulers was noted there, so as to be manifest -to all, he concludes: - - "Sic AERAM qui non viderunt intelligunt." - -So Dudo, _De Actis Normannorum_, lib. v. p. 111.: - - "Transacta denique duarum _Herarum_ intercapedine, mirabilibusque - incrementis augmentata profusus Ricardo Infante, coepit Dux - Willelmus de Regni commodo salubriter tractare." - -It is also remarkable that we find it in use only in those places under -the domination of the Goths, as in the southern provinces of -France,--the Council of Arles, for instance.--_V. Mansi Collect. -Concil._, t. xiv. col. 57. - -The earliest inscription in which it has been found was at Lebrija, in -the kingdom of Seville, and the date corresponds with that of the year -465 from the birth of Christ. It runs thus: - - ALEXANDRA . CLARISSIMA . FEMINA - VIXIT . ANNOS . PLVS . MINVS . XXV - RECESSIT . IN . PACE. X . KAL . IANVAR - ERA . DIII . PROBVS . FILIVS . VIXIT - ANNOS . DVOS . MENSEM . VNVM. - -It is possible there may be some error even here, for no other -inscription yet recorded is so early by eighty years. - -Had it been in use at an earlier period, the Spaniard, Paulus Orosius, -whose _History_ ends with A.D. 417, would doubtless have used it; -whereas we find that he makes use of the _Anno Mundi_, of the Olympiads, -and of the _A.U.C._ of the Romans. - -All circumstances, therefore, considered, we may safely conclude that in -the Spanish _Era_ we have nothing more than the adoption of the _jera_ -of Ulfilas, by whom it is used for [Greek: etos] and [Greek: chronos]. -The Gothic word being written with the consonant _j_ {j} will account -for the form in which, to mark the aspiration, _Era_ is often found with -the initial _H_. Whoever may desire to trace the etymology further will -do well to consult Dieffenbach's very valuable _Vergleichendes -Woerterbuch der Gothischen Sprache_. - - S. W. SINGER. - - -LADY ARABELLA STUART. - -(Vol. i., pp. 10. 274.) - -It may be interesting to some of the readers of "N. & Q." to peruse the -following observations made by the Venetian ambassador resident in -England in 1606, respecting that "child of woe" the Lady Arabella -Stuart, whose romantic history forms one of the most pleasing of -D'Israeli's _Curiosities of Literature_. The extract I send you is taken -from a little French work, which professes to be a translation from the -manuscript "Italian Relation of England" by Marc-Antonio Correr, the -Venetian ambassador, and was printed at Montbeliard in 1668. The Lady -Arabella is here spoken of as _Madame Isabelle_. - - "La personne la plus proche de sang de sa Majeste apres ses - enfans, est Madame Isabelle, laquelle descend, ainsi que le Roy, - de Marguerite fille de Henry VII., estant nee d'un frere naturel - du pere de S. M., par ou elle luy est Cousine. Elle est agee de 28 - ans; elle n'est pas bien belle, mais en recompense elle est ornee - de mille belles vertus, car outre qu'elle est noble et dans ses - actions et dans ses moeurs, elle possede plusieurs Langues en - perfection, scavoir le Latin, l'Italien, le Francois, et - l'Espagnol; elle entend le Grec et l'Hebreu, et estudie sans - cesse. Elle n'est pas beaucoup riche, car la Reyne deffunte - prenant jalousie de tout le monde, et principalement de ceux qui - avoient quelque pretention a la couronne, luy osta sous divers - pretextes, la plus grand part de ses revenus; c'est pourquoy la - pauvre Dame ne peut pas vivre dans la splendeur, et n'a pas le - moyen de faire du bien a ceux qui la servent, comme elle voudroit. - Le Roy temoigne avoir de l'affection et de l'estime pour elle, le - laissant vivre en cour, ce que la Reyne deffunte ne luy voulut - jamais permettre. Le Roy luy avoit promis de luy rendre ses biens - et de luy donner un mary; elle est neantmoins encore privee et de - l'un et de l'autre." - - _Relation d'Angleterre_, p. 82. - -_Her Flight._--Phineas Pette, the shipwright at Chatham, received orders -to assist in the capture of the unfortunate lady; and it would appear, -from his manuscript Diary (_Harl. MS._ 6279.), that he did his best to -execute them. His statement is as follows:-- - - "The 4th of June (1611), being Tuesday, being prepared to have - gone to London the next day, about midnight one of the King's - messengers was sent down to me from the Lord Treasurer to man the - light horsemen [Query, what kind of boats were these?] with 20 - musquetteers, and to run out as low as the Noor Head to search all - shipps, barks, and other vessells for the Lady Arabella that had - then made a scape, and was bound over for France; which service I - performed accordingly, and searched Queenborough, and other - vessells I could meet withall; then went over to Lee, in Essex, - and searched the Towne; and when we could hear no news of her went - to Gravesend, and thence took post-horse to Greenwich, where his - Majesty then lay, and delivered the account of my journey to the - Lord Treasurer by his Maj'ties command, and soe was dismissed, and - went that night to Ratcliffe," &c. - -The messenger above alluded to, whose name was John Price, received -6_l._ for his pains in making "haste, post-haste," to Gravesend, -Rochester, and Queenborough. (See Devon's _Pell Records_.) - -_And Capture._--This honour--or misfortune, rather, as it proved to -be--was reserved for Admiral Sir William Monson, who, in his _Naval -Memoirs_, p. 210., makes this self-satisfied remark: - - "Sir W. Monson had orders to pursue her, which he did with that - celerity, that she was taken within four miles of Calais, shipped - in a French bark of that town, whither she was bound." - - A. GRAYAN. - - -NEWTON, CICERO, AND GRAVITATION. - -(Vol. v., p. 344.) - -"When shall we three meet again?" Let no one smile at your -correspondent's question, for the common mode of stating Newton's claim -makes it natural enough to ask whether the ancients were aware that -bodies fall to the earth, and to produce proof that they had such -knowledge. But Cicero had more: he not only knew the fall of bodies, but -he had a _medius locus mundi_, or _centrum mundi_, as it was afterwards -called, to which bodies must fall. This was his law of gravitation, and -that of his time. Without describing the successive stages of the -existence of this centre, it may be enough here to state, that a part of -Newton's world-wide renown arises from his having cashiered this -immovable point from the solar system, and sent it on its travels in -search of the real centre of gravity of the whole universe. Newton -substituted, for the old law of gravitation _towards a centre_, his law -of _universal_ gravitation, namely, that _every_ particle gravitates -towards every other. There had been some idea of such a law in the minds -of speculative men: it was Newton who showed that one particular law, -namely, that of the inverse square of the distance, would entail upon a -system, all whose particles are subject to it, those very motions which -are observed in our system. Cicero would have been startled to know -that, when a body falls towards the earth, the earth rises towards it, -_medius locus_ and all: not quite so fast, it is true, nor so far. But -it must not be supposed that we could move our earth any distance in -course of time by continually dropping heavy weights upon it; for the -truth is, that when the weight is raised the earth is a little lowered, -or at least made to move the other way. Archimedes said that, with a -place to stand on, he could move the earth; not aware that he was doing -it at the time he spoke, by the motion of his arm. - - M. - -May I ask your correspondent S. E. B. where he has discovered that the -_world-wide reputation_ of Newton was founded upon a notion of his being -the first person who pointed out that bodies are attracted, or seem to -be attracted, towards the centre of the earth? and, on the other hand, -what traces there are in Cicero of the _real_ "law of gravity," which -Newton _did_ discover, and with such immense labour demonstrate and -illustrate, namely, that attraction (that is, not to the centre of the -earth or world in particular, but between every particle of matter and -the rest) varies inversely as the square of the distance? - -To come to a minor question; your correspondent reads the passage _qua -delata gravitate_--so I should read, decidedly. The whole sentence, -which is a long one, is a series of questions (which, by-the-bye, is an -additional reason against quoting it as an assertion). - - "Inde est indagatio nata ... unde essent omnia orta ... quaeque - cujusque generis ... origo quae vita, ... quaeque ex alio in aliud - vicissitudo ... unde terra, et quibus librata ponderibus, quibus - cavernis maria sustineantur; qua omnia, delata gravitate, medium - mundi locum semper expetant." - -It is _in qua_ in Ernesti, unnoticed. _In_ was inserted by those who -thought that _qua_ agreed with _terra_; which, if otherwise probable, is -negatived by the use of the word _mundi_ in the clause. - - C. B. - -Sir Isaac Newton's discovery was the law of _universal_ gravitation, -viz. that the solar system is kept together by the gravity of the -heavenly bodies towards the sun. This was founded on _terrestrial_ -gravitation, of which the falling apple _put him in mind_, applied first -to the moon, and then _universally_ to the universe. (See _Penny -Cyclopaedia_, art. "Gravitation;" Biot, "Life of Newton," in the -_Biographie Universelle_; or the translation of it in the "Life of -Newton" in the _Library of Useful Knowledge_, p. 5.) This is very -different from Cicero's words; in which[5] (_sc._ the earth) all things -borne downwards by their weight ever seek to reach the middle point of -the universe, which is also the lowest point in the earth (qui est idem -infimus in rotundo). - - [Footnote 5: Moser's text has _in qua_, &c. terra.] - - ED. S. JACKSON. - - Saffron Walden. - - -DEFERRED EXECUTIONS. - -(Vol. iv., pp. 191. 243.) - -Although your correspondent E. S. attempts to throw discredit on M. W. -B.'s narration of a deferred execution at Winchester, and carps at the -mention of a "warrant," as if that militated against the fact; yet -doubtless, in times when carelessness among official personages was not -uncommon, many deferred executions may have taken place. - -It must be evident, that in the case of a convict _respited during -pleasure_, that _an order_ must at last be formally made for such -person's execution or commutation of punishment; during which interval -the prisoner would remain in custody of the gaoler. This in effect would -be tantamount to a warrant, and of course communicated to the -unfortunate delinquent. - -A case somewhat similar to the Winchester one was told me by an old and -respectable inhabitant of Worcester, who was himself cognisant of the -circumstance, and had frequently seen the convict. It occurred in the -gaolership of the father of the present governor of the city gaol. A boy -of only thirteen or fourteen had been convicted of some capital offence, -but on account of his youth was respited indefinitely. He remained in -the gaol, was found to be a docile lad, and much liberty was accorded to -him; the authorities expecting that he would receive a pardon. Time flew -on, many months--I think my informant said nearly two years elapsed, and -his case seemed forgotten. If he was not actually sent on errands out of -the gaol, so loose was his captivity, that he might easily have slipt -away at any time, and been scarcely missed. In fact, he had the full run -of the prison, and was a great favourite with the debtors, whose sports -and amusements he joined in, for discipline was very lax in those days. -He was playing at ball one day in the yard with some debtors, full of -life and glee, when suddenly, to the utter astonishment of the gaoler, -and the awe of his associates, there came an order from London for his -execution. Why he had remained so long forgotten, or why such extreme -severity fell on him so unexpectedly at last, none could tell; but his -case was considered a very hard one, and was commiserated by the whole -city. My informant saw the poor boy conducted to execution. The old -citizen who gave me this account is dead, or I could have recovered the -date of its occurrence. - - AMBROSE FLORENCE. - - Worcester. - -I observe that the substance of M. W. B.'s Note has been reprinted in a -mutilated form in several newspapers; his preliminary remark, and -concluding Query, being omitted! The effect of this is to circulate as a -_fact_ what your correspondent himself questions. My object however in -this communication, is not so much to draw attention to the injurious -effects of partial quotation, as to point out what, in my opinion, -renders the occurrence of an execution under the circumstances detailed -a manifest impossibility. I believe I am correct in stating that there -never was, nor is there now (out of London), such a thing as a _warrant_ -for the _execution of a criminal_. At the close of each Assize, a fair -copy of the _Calendar_, with the sentences in the margin, is signed by -the Judges, and left with the sheriff; this is the _only authority_ he -has given him; and in the event of a sentence of death, he has no -alternative but carrying it into effect; unless he receives from the -Crown a pardon, a reprieve, or a warrant commuting the sentence. -_Blackstone_ observes upon this: - - "It may afford matter of speculation, that in civil causes there - should be such a variety of writs of execution to recover a - trifling debt, issued in the king's name, and under the seal of - the court, without which the sheriff cannot legally stir one step; - and yet that the _execution of a man_, the most important and - terrible task of any, _should depend upon a marginal note_." - - J. B. COLMAN. - - Eye. - - -DUCHESS OF LANCASTER. - -(Vol. v., p. 320.) - -Your correspondent is alarmed lest the honour he claims for the -Lancastrians should be denied them, because it has been "discovered that -William III. never created himself Duke of Lancaster." Where is it -asserted that either he or any other of our sovereigns ever did? When -Henry of Bolingbroke merged the lesser name of duke in the greater name -of king, he was no more Duke of Lancaster than he was Earl of Derby or -Duke of Hereford; but the title of Duke of Lancaster he willed not to be -lost altogether as the others were, and therefore by an act of -parliament (1 Hen. IV., Art. 81.) it was enacted _Que le Prince porte le -nom de Duc de Lancastre_. The act, after reciting that "our said Lord -the King, considering how Almighty God of his great grace had placed him -in the honorable Estate of King, and nevertheless he cannot yet for -certain cause bear the name of Duke of Lancaster," then ordains that -"Henry his eldest son should have and bear the name of Duke of -Lancaster, and that he be named Prince of Wales, Duke of Aquitaine, of -Lancaster, and of Cornwall, and Earl of Chester." The fact is, that the -King or Queen of England cannot be Duke or Duchess in the realm of -England. Our kings have held inferior titles drawn from other kingdoms, -as Duke of Normandy and Earl of Anjou; but Lord Coke says the sovereign -cannot be _rex_ and _dux_ in the same realm. The Queen, as queen, holds -her palatinate of Lancaster, and the other duchy lands and franchises; -but she holds them _jure ducatus_, so distinguished from those estates -which she holds _jure coronae_. She cannot however properly be styled -Duchess of Lancaster. - - W. H. - -In your last Number (Vol. v., p. 320.) is an inquiry on the Duchess of -Lancaster. The best answer to this is to be found in a book, 8vo., -entitled _Harrison on Crown Revenues, or a Memoir, &c. respecting the -Revenues of the Duchies of Cornwall and Lancaster_: no date or printer's -name. I purchased a copy at a sale a short time ago. Everything will be -ascertained here perhaps better than any where else. - - J. D. - -Is Queen Victoria the possessor of this title? It would appear so. Sir -N. Harris Nicolas, in his _Synopsis of the Peerage_, speaking of the -dukedom, says: - - "1399. Henry Plantagenet, son and heir, ascended the throne 29th - Sept. 1399; when this title, with all his other honours, became - merged in the crown, in which it has ever since remained vested." - -Your correspondent may be referred to _Blackstone_ (Introd. [p]4.), where -is a very interesting account of the Palatinate and Duchy of Lancaster. -We are there told that on his succession to the crown, Henry IV. was too -prudent to suffer his Duchy of Lancaster to be united to the crown, and -therefore he procured an act of parliament ordaining that this duchy and -his other hereditary estates-- - - "Should remain to him and his heirs for ever, and should remain, - descend, be administered, and governed in like manner as if he had - never attained the regal dignity." - -In the first of Edward IV., Henry VI. was attainted, and the Duchy of -Lancaster declared forfeited to the crown. At the same time an act was -passed to continue the county palatine, and to make the same part of the -duchy; and to vest the whole in King Edward IV. and his heirs, _kings of -England_, for ever. Blackstone then mentions that in the first Henry -VII. an act was passed vesting the Duchy of Lancaster in that king and -his heirs; and in a note examines the question whether the duchy vested -in the natural or political person of the king. He then says: - - "It seems to have been understood very early after the statute of - Henry VII., that the Duchy of Lancaster was by no means thereby - made a separate inheritance from the royal patrimony, since it - descended, with the crown, to the half-blood in the instances of - Queens Mary and Elizabeth; which it could not have done as the - estate of a mere Duke of Lancaster in the common course of legal - descent." - -If, in saying that William III. never created himself Duke of Lancaster, -your correspondent means that he caused no patent to issue granting -himself that dignity, he is, I doubt not, correct. But if, after the -above quotations, any doubt could remain on the subject, possibly the -following extract from the act 1 Will. & Mar. sess. 2. cap. 2. ("An Act -declaring the Rights and Liberties of the Subject, and settling the -Succession of the Crown") will sufficiently dispel it:-- - - "And the said Lords Spiritual and Temporal and Commons seriously - considering, &c., do hereby recognise, acknowledge, and declare, - that King James II. having abdicated the Government, and their - Majesties having accepted the Crown and Royal dignity as - aforesaid, their said Majesties did become, were, and are, and of - right ought to be, by the laws of this realm, our sovereign liege - lord and lady the King and Queen of England, France, and Ireland, - and the dominions thereunto belonging, in and to whose princely - persons the Royal state, crown, and dignity of the said realms, - with all _honours_, _styles_, _titles_, regalities, prerogatives, - powers, jurisdictions, and authorities to the same belonging and - appertaining, are most rightfully and entirely invested and - incorporated, united and annexed." - -In conclusion, will you allow me to ask some correspondent to set forth -at length the titles of our Sovereign Lady the Queen? In confessing that -I do not know, I fancy that I state the case as regards the majority of -the lieges of her Majesty. Indeed, a tale sometime ago went "the round -of the papers," to the effect that the "Duke of Rothsay" was one day -announced to his Royal Highness Prince Albert. The prince, who was not -aware of the existence of such a personage, at length ordered him to be -admitted, and was not a little astonished at beholding his eldest son! -This, though doubtless the coinage of some ingenious but hungry -penny-a-liner, pre-supposes so large an amount of general ignorance on -the subject, that I hope some well-informed individual will, through -your columns, enlighten the world on the point. - - TEE BEE. - - -SURNAMES. - -(Vol. v., pp. 290. 326.) - -Variations of surnames occur much later than the close of the fourteenth -century, the period cited by your correspondent COWGILL. I have seen a -document of the date of Charles I., which names one Agnes Wilson, -otherwise Randalson, widow of John, son of Randal Wilson; thus showing -that the patronymic was liable to vary in every generation, even in the -seventeenth century. - -This is still the practice in the hill country of Lancashire, bordering -upon Yorkshire, where people are seldom known by a family name. The -individual is distinguished by the addition of the father's or mother's -Christian name, and sometimes by the further addition of those of -forefathers for a generation or two, as in the designation of Welshmen -in times past. The abode sometimes varies the style. - -As an example, I may mention that a few years ago I sought an -heir-at-law in a town on the borders. I was referred to a man called -"Dick o' Jenny's;" he being the son of a second marriage, the mother's -name was used to distinguish him rather than his father's. Pursuing the -inquiry I found the first wife had been a "sister of ould Tommy at top -of th' huttock;" her daughter had married "John o' Bobby," and "John o' -Bobby's lad" was the man I wanted. When I had made him out, it was with -some difficulty that I ascertained (though amongst his kindred) that he -bore the family name of "Shepherd." - - W. L. - -I perceive that your correspondents COWGILL and J. H. (p. 290.), and -MR. MARK ANTONY LOWER (p. 326.), make use of the word _surname_ to -signify "the permanent appellative of particular families." - -Now, I have always considered that the English language, in this as in -many other instances, possessed two words which, though alike in sound, -were very different both in origin and meaning:--_surname_, i.e. -_sur-nom_, the name added to the common appellation, for the purpose of -distinguishing an individual; as Rufus, Coeur de Lion, Lackland, in the -case of our early kings: and _sir-name_, or _sire-name_, being that -which in recent times, and in most countries, every one born in wedlock -has inherited from his sire, and which is the subject of the articles in -"N. & Q." - -As I do not suppose that your correspondents, the last of whom is of -considerable authority on this subject, have used the term unadvisedly, -I am anxious to know the grounds on which they would disallow my theory. - - E. H. Y. - -I am glad to perceive that MR. LOWER has on the stocks a systematic -Dictionary of Surnames. For the reason stated by him, it is neither -desirable nor possible that it should include _all_ English surnames. -The majority derive their origin from places or districts of limited -dimensions, and to enumerate them would be an interminable and very -thankless task. MR. L. has therefore judiciously determined to exercise -his discretion on this class of cases. Nor are the names derived from -Christian names generally worth insertion, for every Christian name has, -in some form, been converted into a surname, either with or without -alteration. Those which originate in _extinct_ or _provincial_ -employments and trades will supply an instructive and interesting -collection, such as Tucker, Challoner, Tozer, Crowder, Berner, &c.; and -will also afford scope for glossarial illustration. - -I also trust that his etymological research will be successfully -exercised on such names as-- - - Nettleship - Moneypenny - Peabody - Sidebottom - Sheepshanks - Snodgrass - Wiggins - Figgins - Higgins - Wigglesworth - Calcraft - Lammercraft, and other crafts (crofts?) - Pennefather - Ocock - Pocock - Locock, and omne quod exit in cock, of which some forty or - fifty are in use. - -Let me also bring under his notice the singularly unattractive name of -_Suckbitch_. It is used by more than one branch of a respectable and -ancient family in the West of England, and I have traced its existence -for at least five centuries. Instead of availing themselves of the -recent opinions of some great lawyers, that a surname may be changed at -will, this family rather pride themselves on a name that can boast an -antiquity probably not surpassed by that of any family in England. The -shape of it has, however, deviated from the ancient form, so as to -become more significant, but certainly less graceful than it was; and -the change is probably an illustration of a familiar fact: viz. that we -are not generally the authors of our own surnames, but receive them from -our neighbours, and that, to a certain extent, they continue to have the -same character of instability which they originally possessed. The -earliest form of it known to me is _Sokespic_,--a word which seems to -indicate a Saxon origin. The _spic_, or bacon end of it has now -generally become _spitch_ in the names of places; as in Spitchwick, a -well-known seat in Devonshire. Whether the _soke_ or _suck_ end of it be -from _sucan_, and the whole name equivalent to the modern _Chawbacon_, -is a matter which I leave for the investigation of MR. LOWER. At all -events, the old form will be a warning to the etymologist not to search -for the origin of the name in any legend like that which ascribes the -nutrition of the infant founders of Rome to a she-wolf. - -I have met with many modern instances of the mutability of surnames -among labouring people, and even in a class above them. In 1841 a person -named _Duke_ was on the list of voters for Penryn, in Cornwall. His -original name was _Rapson_; but the name being very common in his -neighbourhood, people long distinguished him by the name of _Duke_, -because he kept the "Duke of York's Arms:" and this last name has since -become the permanent recognised family name. This is a fact which I have -had satisfactory means of verifying. - - E. S. - - -Replies to Minor Queries. - -_Dyson's Collection of Proclamations_ (Vol. v., p. 371.).--DR. RIMBAULT -will find, in the Grenville Collection in the British Museum, an -extraordinary volume of proclamations published during the reign of -Queen Elizabeth, "collected together by the industry of Humfrey Dyson, -of the City of London, Publique Notary. London, 1618." The volume is -fully described in _Bibliotheca Grenvilliana_, Part the Second, 1848, -pp. 368-373. - - H. F. - -"_Up, Guards, and at them!_" (Vol. v., p. 396.).--I know not what your -correspondent A. A. D. may mean by asking "whether the battle of -Waterloo was not a myth!" but I am glad to be able to state, from the -very best authority, the circumstance of the celebrated order to the -Guards on that day. It was at all times the Duke of Wellington's habit -to cover as much as possible troops exposed to the fire of cannon, by -taking advantage of any irregularity of ground, and making them sit or -lie down, the better to cover them from fire till the moment of attack; -and the Duke's common practice was, just as the enemy came close, and -was on the point of attacking him, he attacked them. What he may have -said on this occasion, and _probably did say_, was, "_Stand up, -Guards_;" and then gave the commanding officers the order to attack. One -would not pledge oneself to the very syllables of such a command on such -an occasion; but what I have stated is the recollection of one who was -present, and it is _equivalent_ at least to the popular version of "_Up, -Guards, and at them!_" - - C. - - [Our correspondent's doubt, whether Waterloo itself is not a myth, - was intended, we presume, as a hit at the historical scepticism of - the present day.] - -_Bawderich, and Bells_ (Vol. iii., pp. 328. 435. 503.).--May I be -allowed to call the attention of your readers who are curious in such -matters, to a _cut_ of the Bawderich and its Gear, engraved in the 13th -and 14th Numbers of Willis's _Current Notes_, about which there have -already been several notices in your interesting periodical? - -I would also request any gentlemen who have access to old parish -records, to see what entries they can find relating to the _item_ in -question, and anything about the "_wheles_" of the _belles_. It is -desirable to find out by whom, and when, the present whole wheel was -introduced. Originally a half-wheel only was used, and such may still be -found in some towers. In Dorsetshire the half-wheel is common; and there -being no "_fillet_" nor "_ground truck_," "peals of changes" cannot be -rung as they are in other towers. - - H. T. E. - -_Algernon Sydney_ (Vol. v., p. 318.).--MR. HEPWORTH DIXON invites your -readers to furnish him with references to any works which may throw -light on the history of Algernon Sydney. May I suggest to him to look at -the article on Macaulay's _History of England_ which appeared in the -_Quarterly Review_ two or three years ago, wherein there are statements, -from cited authorities, which seem to prove that that "illustrious -patriot" was no exception to the famous rule, that "every man has his -price." - - C. E. D. - -"_History is Philosophy teaching by Examples_" (Vol. v., p. 153.).--If -your correspondent T., who cannot find this passage in any of Lord -Bolingbroke's writings, will turn to the second letter of that nobleman, -"On the Study and Use of History," he will perceive that the sentence is -there quoted from Dionysius of Halicarnassus. The writer in the -_Encyclopaedia Metropolitana_ evidently takes it at second-hand from this -work; and there can be no doubt that the currency of the quotation is -entirely attributable to Lord Bolingbroke's use of it. This sentence is -the text which he illustrates at much length in his historical essay. - - JOSHUA G. FITCH. - -_On a Passage in Pope_ (Vol. i., p. 201.).--P. C. S. S. has an inquiry -respecting the interpretation of these lines in Pope's Imitation of -Horace's "Epistle to Augustus:" - - "The hero William and the martyr Charles, - One knighted Blackmore, and one pension'd Quarles; - _Which made old Ben, and surly Dennis swear, - 'No Lord's Anointed, but a Russian bear!'_" - -And C. having repeated this Query (Vol. iv., p. 59.), I am induced to -impart to them a "guess" which I made not long since. I must premise by -asking your correspondents whether the unctuous substance known as -"bear's grease" was in use at the period referred to; and if the reply -be in the affirmative, I would suggest the following interpretation of -the couplet. - -King William and King Charles had shown so little wisdom and -discrimination in their knighting and pensioning of worthless poets, -that they must be supposed to have been anointed, at their coronation, -with bear's grease, instead of the holy ointment commonly used for such -purposes, and which is considered to possess the power of conferring on -the kingly office those very virtues in which William and Charles had -shown themselves so deficient. In this sense, Old Ben and Dennis, each -in reference to the sovereign of his time, might have exclaimed,-- - - "No Lord's Anointed, but a Russian bear." - ---the word "Russian" being obviously intended to describe bears in -general. - -It is not for me to say how far this guess about "bear's grease" may -suit the fancy of C. and P. C. S. S. They will probably look upon it as -"tire par les cheveux." If so, let them produce a better solution. - - HENRY H. BREEN. - - St. Lucia. - -_Plague Stones_ (Vol. v., pp. 226. 333.).--Near Ravensworth Castle is a -stone column, concerning which there is a tradition that it was one of -the crosses erected to hold markets at during the great plague at -Newcastle in 1645, when the produce of the county was not allowed to be -exposed for sale at a less distance than three miles from that town. - - C. T. - -There is another stone of this description on the boundary between Dent -and Widdal, in the West Riding of the county of York; it is near an old -road from Dent to Hawes, and is now called the "Cross upon Cross-hills." - - W. B. M. - - Dee Side. - -"_Archaeologia Cambrensis, Vol. I., 2nd Edit._"--In reply to the Queries -of R. H. (see No. 125. p. 274.), 1. "Why the reprinted pages of the 1st -volume of the _Archaeologia Cambrensis_ do not agree with those in the -original copies?" and 2. Why "nearly a whole page of _interesting -matter_ has been omitted?"--it may be sufficient to state that the -introduction of two additional notes at pages 204. and 209. rendered the -first impossible: and, secondly, that the omission complained of was -anything but of interest, as it only related to a supposed irregularity -in the delivery of the early numbers, which subsequent inquiry proved to -be groundless, and therefore it was suppressed. - -Besides the notes above-mentioned, the letter-press has been revised and -various typographical errors corrected, so as to render the second -edition in many respects superior to the first. - - [+] - -_Town-halls_ (Vol. v., p. 295.).--MR. PARKER is reminded of the very -curious Town-hall at Ashburton, in Devonshire, constructed entirely of -timber. - - M. Y. R. W. - -_Emaciated Monumental Effigies_ (Vol. v., pp. 247. 301. -353.).--BURIENSIS has been furnished by several of your correspondents -with many examples of the representation of an emaciated corpse in -connexion with tombs, but no one has yet referred him to that very -remarkable instance at Tewkesbury. The tomb is usually assigned, I -believe, to Abbot Wakeman. If anything were needed to refute the absurd -notion of the forty days' fast, I think the figure on this tomb would -supply the clue to the true conception of the artist; and show that it -was intended, by such figures, to remind the passers-by of their own -mortality by representing the hollow cheek and sunken eyes, and -emaciated form, of a corpse from which life had only recently departed: -for, in the figure on this tomb, the idea of mortality is carried still -further, and the more humbling and revolting thought of corruption and -decay is suggested to the mind by the representation of noxious reptiles -and worms crawling over the lifeless form, and revelling in their -disgusting banquet. - - M. Y. R. W. - -I have read somewhere that these monuments with emaciated figures were -erected during the lifetime of the individual as an act of humiliation, -and to remind himself as well as others of mortality and the instability -of human grandeur. If this cannot be disproved by facts, it affords a -satisfactory solution. There is a small chapel connected with Bishop -Fleming's in Lincoln Minster, and with others, where masses were said -for the repose of their souls; so it is probable that these were at -least designed during their lives, which would manifest their humility. - - C. T. - -_Coleridge's "Friend"_ (Vol. v., p. 351.).--Mr. Crewe, the bookseller of -Newcastle-under-Lyne, has communicated to me some corrections upon my -last notice. The great potter's name was _Josiah_, not Joseph. This was -an accidental _lapsus memoriae_ on my part. Wedgwood is spelt without the -_e_, though I believe it has been spelt both ways by the family. It -seems that Miss Sarah Wedgwood is still alive, and till lately resided -at Camphill, Maer; but the Maer estate has been sold to Mr. Wm. -Davenport, and she now resides near London. Mr. Crewe sends me the -following extract, which confirms the identity of the munificent -co-patron of Coleridge. - - "_Extract from a Letter from Coleridge to Wordsworth, dated - Shrewsbury, January, 1798._ - - "You know that I have accepted the munificent liberality of Josiah - [Joshua?] and Thomas Wedgwood; I accepted it on the presumption - that I had talents, honesty, and propensities to persevering - effort."--_Memoirs of Wordsworth_, vol. i. p. 116. - - C. M. I. - -_Enigma on the Letter "I"_ (Vol. v., p. 321.).--Having both Miss C. -Fanshawe's enigmas, I send you a copy of that on the letter "I," which -is inquired for by E. S. S. W., in case it should not reach you from any -other quarter. In an old scrap-book in my possession it stands thus: - - "ENIGMA BY LORD BYRON. - - "I am not in youth, nor in manhood, nor age, - But in infancy ever am known: - I am stranger alike to the fool and the sage; - And, though I'm distinguish'd in history's page, - I always am greatest alone. - - "I am not in the earth, nor the sun, nor the moon: - You may search all the sky, I'm not there; - In the morning and evening, though not in the noon, - You may plainly perceive me: for, like a balloon, - I am always suspended in air. - - "I am always in riches; and yet, I am told, - Wealth ne'er did my presence desire. - I dwell with the miser, but not with his gold: - And sometimes I stand in his chimney so cold, - Though I serve as a part of the fire. - - "I often am met in political life: - In my absence no kingdom can be. - And they say there can neither be friendship nor strife, - No one can live single, no one take a wife, - Without interfering with me. - - "My brethren are many; and of my whole race - Not one is more slender and tall: - And, though not the oldest, I hold the first place; - And ev'n in dishonour, despair, and disgrace, - I boldly appear 'midst them all. - - "Though disease may possess me, and sickness, and pain, - I am never in sorrow or gloom: - Though in wit and in wisdom I equally reign, - I'm the heart of all sin, and have long lived in vain, - And ne'er shall be found in the tomb. - - "(I.)" - -How came Miss Fanshawe's enigmas to be attributed to Lord Byron? - - J. SANSOM. - - Oxford. - -_Mother Carey's Chickens_ (Vol. v., p. 344.).--Navigators meet with the -Little Petrel, Storm Finch, or Stormy Petrel, the _Procellaria -pellagica_ of Linnaeus, in every part of the ocean, diving, running on -foot, or skimming over the highest waves with the greatest ease. It -seems to foresee the coming storm long ere the seamen can discover any -signs of its approach; and they make this known by congregating together -under the wake of the vessel, as if to shelter themselves from it, and -they thus warn the mariner to guard against the coming danger. At night -they set up a piercing cry. This usefulness to the sailor is the obvious -cause of the latter having such an objection to their being killed. I am -unable to say who Mother Carey was; but I might venture a conjecture why -the bird who guards the seaman with such _care_ bears its familiar name. - - UNICORN. - -The name of "Mother Carey's Chickens" is said to have been originally -bestowed upon Stormy Petrels by Captain Carteret's sailors, probably -from some celebrated ideal hag of that name. As these birds are supposed -to be seen only before stormy weather, they are not welcome visitors. - - WM. YARRELL. - -_Burnomania_ (Vol. v., p. 127.).--Your correspondent ELGINENSIS has got -the "Burnomania" of Dr. William Peebles, the minister of -Newton-upon-Ayr, himself one of the minor poets of Scotland by virtue of -his _Crisis, or the Progress of Revolutionary Principles_, Edinburgh, -1803 and 1804; and _Poems, consisting of Odes and Elegies_, Glasgow, -1810; all in my collection. - -Like the transcendent powers of a living vocalist, the genius of Burns -could brook no rival, and for a long period, notwithstanding the futile -attempts of the smaller poetical _fry_ to arrest its progress by their -Lilliputian shafts, the "Ayrshire Ploughman" maintained a species of -monopoly of the public mind and attention. - -Dr. Peebles, as a candidate for poetical fame, no doubt found this -"Burnomania" sufficiently annoying; he therefore put forth his puny arm, -in the publication alluded to by ELGINENSIS, to stem it, and, -considering that the poetry of Burns was then in the zenith of its -popularity, we need not add that the worthy Doctor's work proved but a -_turf_ to the _cataract_, and is only now known as a curiosity. - -I may however notice, that Dr. Peebles had a deeper _grudge_ than -rivalry to settle with Burns, the satirical poet having aimed at him in -the "Holy Fair" and the "Kirk's Alarm;" and should your correspondent -seek to know more of the author of his book, he will find him noticed in -Paterson's _Contemporaries of Burns_, Edinburgh, 1830. - -While upon the subject I may further note, that among many other carpers -at the "Burnomania" was James Maxwell, better known as the "Poet in -Paisley," who attacked Burns and his friend Lapraik in a _brochure_, -entitled "_Animadversions on some Poets and Poetasters of the present -Age, especially R----t B----s and J----n L----k, with a Contrast of some -of the former Age_: Paisley, Neilson, for the Author, 1788. In this -curious piece, which was unknown to Motherwell,--our pair of poets, with -all their patrons and friends,--among whom Maxwell is _shocked_ to find -both _ministers_ and _elders_,-- - - "For some of our clergy his poems esteem, - And some of our elders think no man like him,"-- - -all these, and such like, are severely censured by the moral poet for -admiring "this stupid blockhead," besides being menaced with a certain -place, to which their favourites are certainly doomed, should they -continue to support such arch-enemies of the Kirk and order. How -appropriate, then, is the remark of the Rev. Hamilton Paul, one of -Burns' warmest admirers and editors, when, _lumping_ all these envious -spirits together, he says,-- - - "Some weak attempts have been made by narrow-minded men to expose - to ridicule this 'Burnomania,' as they term it; but like self-love - converted by the plastic power of the poet into social affection, - it is spreading wider and wider every day." - - "Friends' kindred, neighbour, first it doth embrace; - Our country next, and next all human race." - - J. O. - -_Cagots_ (Vol. iv., pp. 190. 331. 387.).--THEOPHYLACT will find an -account of the _Cagots_ in the _Magasin Pittoresque_ for 1838, where -they are stated to be descended from the Goths, their name of _Cagots_ -being derived from _caas Goth_ (_chien de Goth_), which corresponds with -the derivation given by Scaliger. - -In Brittany they were known under the name of _Cacous_ and _Caqueux_: in -Guienne and Gascony under that of _Cahets_; in Navarre, _Caffos_; in the -mountains of Bearn, &c., as _Cagots_ or _Capots_. - -The same work for 1840 contains an account of the _Cretins_; also -noticed by Kohl in his _Alpen-Reisen_ (reviewed in _Westminster Review_, -July, 1849). - - PHILIP S. KING. - -_Chantrey's Sleeping Children_ (Vol. ii., pp. 70. 94.).--There is, in -Ashbourne Church in Derbyshire, a beautiful figure of a sleeping child -by Thomas Banks, R.A., from which it is generally said that Chantrey -took the idea of his celebrated monument in Lichfield Cathedral. It is a -tradition in Ashbourne, that Chantrey drew the sketch for his sleeping -children at an inn in the place, immediately after having seen Banks' -sculpture in the parish church. The monument at Ashbourne is to -Penelope, daughter of Sir Brooke Boothby, born April 11th, 1785, died -Nov. 12th, 1791, and on it there are inscriptions in four languages, -English, French, Latin, and Italian. The following description of it, -taken from _The History and Topography of Ashbourne_, may be acceptable -to some your readers, who may compare it with their recollections of -Chantrey's figures:-- - - "It represents a child of delicate and amiable features, who has - long suffered from slow and incurable disease, lightly, but rather - carelessly, reclining on her right side. The position of the meek - and lovely sufferer shows that she has just assumed it in order to - seek temporary relief from pain, or from the weariness that a - protracted repose, even on the softest materials, eventually - causes. The little patient is extended, in the position just - described, on a marble mattress and pillow, to which the hand of - the sculptor has communicated the apparent texture of the softest - down. The expression of the countenance is slightly indicative of - pain, felt even in the intervals of slumber; and the little hands, - lifted towards the countenance, plainly show that the sufferer has - so placed them, in order that they and the arms may be in some - measure a support to the body, and relieve it from the aching - tenderness caused by long contact with the couch on which it - rests. Around the head is bound, in loose folds, a handkerchief, - which allows the artist greater scope to exhibit the child's - features. The body-costume is a low-fronted frock with short - sleeves, most gracefully sculptured. The whole of the drapery is - in the most finished style, and the ease and softness of the folds - are an admirable proof of the delicate chiselling of the artist. - He has shown his natural and pure taste in the manner in which he - has placed the feet. The entire position of the figure is - faultless; and it represents, with refined fidelity to nature, the - female infant form, patiently and slowly perishing beneath the - steady undermining progress of irresistible decay." - - W. FRASER. - -_Arkwright_ (Vol. v., p. 320.).--This surname would originally denote -the fabricator of such _arks_, or large chests made of strong oaken -planks, as are still to be found under that name in most old farmhouses, -at least in this neighbourhood, where they are chiefly used for storing -meal or flour. The fact of our translators of the Bible having called -the sacred chest in the Holy of Holies by this term seems to point to a -more general use of the word in their days than at present obtains. Mr. -Hunter (_Hallamsh. Gloss._, p. 5.) says that the strong boxes in which -the Jews kept their valuables were anciently called their arks -(_archas_), and that the word is so found in the _Foedera_, 45 Hen. III. -It occurs twice in the Church Accounts of this parish. - - "1527. Minatus [=e]. [=p]d. Will[=m]us browne _archas_ et cistas - diffr[=i]gere. - - 1744. pd. Wm. Yates for setting up _ark_." - -Cf. also Lower's _Eng. Surnames_, 2nd ed., p. 92.; and the Latin _arca_, -a chest, coffer, or box. - - J. EASTWOOD - - Ecclesfield, Sheffield. - -It is rather curious that the word _wright_ for _carpenter_ is still -commonly used in Scotland, but that _Sievewright_ is the only _surname_ -in which it appears in that country; while in England it is found in -several, although the word itself is there obsolete, unless it is still -to be found in the northern counties. - - C. E. D. - -_Pilgrimages to the Holy Land_ (Vol. v., pp. 289. 290.).--Seeing a -notice in "N. & Q." of Breydenbach's _Opus Transmarinum_, and a -suggestion of Dr. Kitto that this work was written by Felix Faber, I am -induced to call attention to another work written by the latter, which -is still extant in his _own MS._, in the library at Ulm, bearing the -following title: _Fratris Felicis Fabri Evagatorium in Terrae Sanctae, -Arabiae et Aegypti Peregrinationem_, and which was printed for the first -time for the Literarische Verein at Stuttgart, a society established -there about ten years since, with objects somewhat similar to our Camden -Society. This was one of its earliest publications, and as the number of -copies printed was very small, the volumes are now rarely to be met -with. The author informs his brethren of the monastery of Ulm, for whose -especial benefit he professes to have written his book, that he composed -it soon after his return from his second journey, the interval between -the first and _second_ journey having been occupied in reading and -making notes from all the existing books on the same subject which he -could meet with (it is to be regretted that he has not given us a list -of these), "de quibus omnibus," he adds, "tuli quidquid deserviebat -proposito meo, ex qua collectura grande volumen comportavi." With this -collection of notes he appears to have set forth on his second -expedition, "_quia post haec omnia in multis dubius remansi et incertus, -quia multa legeram et pauca videram_." Traversing Jerusalem, Arabia, and -Aegypt, "_conferens ea, quae prius legeram et collegeram ad ipsa loca, et -concordantias sanctarum scripturarum cum locis, et loca cum scripturis -quantum potui, investigavi et signavi. Inter haec nonnunquam de locis -sanctis etiam, in quibus non fui, exactam diligentiam feci, ut earum -dispositionem conscriberem, sed non nisi illo addito: ibi non fui, sed -auditu aut lectione didici._" - -[The MS. is dated 1484.] - - F. N. - -"_Merchant Adventurers_" (Vol. v., p. 276.).--C. I. P. will find an -account in _Mortimer_ under the head "Of Commerce," &c., vol. ii. p. -164. _et seq._ It refers to Cabot's scheme, as also Chancellor's: the -first charter of incorporation was granted 2 Phil. & Ma. (Feb. 6, 1554) -by the name of "The Merchants Adventurers for the Discoveries of Lands, -Countries, Isles, &c. not before known or frequented by the English," -&c. In the year 1560, 2 Eliz., her charter confirmed all former charters -and privileges to "the Company of Merchant Adventurers of England," and -likewise granted them two ample charters, one in the sixth, the other in -the twenty-eighth of her reign. In the former of the latter they are -specially designated by Eliz. as "Merchant Adventurers." - -[There are other particulars in connexion with them which I do not send -you, reference being easy of access.] - - J. EBFF. - - Bolt Court, Fleet Street. - -Anderson's _History of the Origin of Commerce_, 2 vols., London, 1764, -contains some information on the subject of this Company, whose title -was that of "Merchant Adventurers," and whose trade was chiefly with the -Netherlands. - -In 1604, James I., after concluding a treaty of peace and commerce with -Spain, incorporated a company of merchants for an _exclusive_ trade to -Spain and Portugal; but this monopoly being found prejudicial to -commerce, in the following year the patent was revoked by act of -parliament. - -If C. I. P. has not access to Anderson, and will communicate his -address, I shall be happy to give him any information in my power on -this subject. - - BROCTUNA. - - Bury, Lancashire. - - - - -Miscellaneous. - - -NOTES ON BOOKS, ETC. - -The steady progress which sound Archaeology is making in this country is -shown, and the benefits which will accrue from such progress to those -who are desirous of investigating the early history of this island and -its inhabitants is rendered evident, by the fact, that discoverers of -primaeval remains no longer endeavour to build upon those remains some -strange theories which have no foundation beyond the fancy of those who -pen them. On the contrary, Archaeologists are now content to give us -plain and distinct particulars of the discoveries they make, and to -leave to future labourers the task of comparing the different objects, -and of evolving from such comparison those trustworthy illustrations of -our early history which are so highly to be prized. The truth of these -remarks will be seen by a glance at the interesting volume entitled -_Fairford Graves; a Record of Researches in an Anglo-Saxon Burial-place -in Gloucestershire_, in which Mr. Wylie narrates, with much clearness -and simplicity, the result of a very interesting series of excavations -made at Fairford, on the site of a Saxon necropolis, more particularly -of those made at the commencement of the past year. These discoveries -furnish some very valuable materials towards a more complete history of -the Anglo-Saxon civilisation than we yet possess; and Mr. Wylie deserves -the thanks of his brother antiquaries for his well-directed zeal on the -occasion, and for the judicious manner in which he has told his story. -The work is very profusely illustrated; and is one of the best -contributions which have recently been made to the history of our -primaeval antiquities. - -We have received, and read with great pleasure, _Two Introductory -Lectures upon Archaeology, delivered in the University of Cambridge_, by -the Rev. J. H. Marsden. We are not sure that these lectures are not -privately printed; and in that doubt should have passed them without -notice, had not their merits, as the production of a scholar and a man -of taste, seemed to us such as to make it desirable that they should be -placed within the reach of all whom they are calculated to interest. -They are the first-fruits of Mr. Disney's munificent donation to the -University of Cambridge. - -We have received the second volume of Bohn's reprint of _The Literary -Works of Sir Joshua Reynolds_, edited by H. W. H. Beechey, which -completes the work. No President ever filled the Chair of the Royal -Academy with greater benefit to the students than did Sir Joshua; and -this cheap and useful edition of the invaluable legacy which he -bequeathed to them is well calculated not only for their use, but for -more general circulation, now that the arts of design are receiving such -deserved attention in this country. - -The people of Manchester will shortly commence their great experiment of -a _Free Library_, which, it is hoped, will be opened in the course of -the present month, probably by Prince Albert. It contains about twenty -thousand volumes, consisting of about twelve thousand books of reference -and eight thousand to form the library of circulation, which will be -lent _freely_ to all persons bringing recommendations or certificates of -good character. The books are all _well bound_ and in excellent -condition, and the managers have no fears but that they will be returned -from circulation in the same state. We shall look with great interest to -the result; for it is clear that what is good for Manchester must be -good for London, and for all other places where men do congregate. - - -BOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES - -WANTED TO PURCHASE. - -FABRICII BIBLIOTHECA LATINA. Ed. Ernesti. Leipsig 1773. Vol. III. - -THE ANACALYPSIS. By Godfrey Higgins. 2 Vols. 4to. - -CODEX DIPLOMATICUS AEVI SAXONICI, opera J.M. Kemble. Vols. I. and II. -8vo. - -ECKHEL, DOCTRINA NUMORUM. Vol. VIII. - -BROUGHAM'S MEN OF LETTERS. 2nd Series, royal 8vo., boards. Original -edition. - -KNIGHT'S PICTORIAL SHAKSPEARE. Royal 8vo. Parts XLII. XLIII. XLIV. L. -and LI. - -CONDER'S ANALYTICAL VIEW OF ALL RELIGIONS. 8vo. - -NEWMAN'S (J. H.) PRESENT POSITION OF THE CATHOLICS IN ENGLAND. - -HALLIWELL ON THE DIALECTS OF SOMERSETSHIRE. - -SCLOPETARIA, OR REMARKS ON RIFLES, &c. - -SOWERBY'S ENGLISH FUNGI. Vol. III. - -SUPPLEMENT TO SOWERBY'S ENGLISH FUNGI. - -EUROPEAN MAGAZINE. Vols. XXIII. XXIV. and XXV. - -POETIC WREATH. Small 8vo. Newman. - -GEMS FROM BRITISH POETS. 4 Vols. Tyas. - -THE WORKS OF LORD BYRON. Vols. VI. VII. and VIII. 12mo. Murray, 1823. - -MALLET'S POEMS. Bell's edition. - -MALLET'S PLAY OF ELVIRA. 1763. - -JOANNIS LELANDI COLLECTANEA. Vol. V. 1774. - -BISHOP PATRICK'S COMMENTARY ON THE BIBLE. The Volumes containing Joshua -and Judges. Small 4to. - -KENT'S ANTHEMS. Vol. I. folio. Edited by Joseph Corfe. - -THE MATHEMATICIAN. Vol. I. No. I. 1844. - -MACULLOCH'S HIGHLANDS AND ISLANDS OF SCOTLAND. - -BACK'S VOYAGE OF THE TERROR, 8vo. - -L'HISTOIRE DE LA SAINCTE BIBLE, par ROYAUMONDE: a Paris, 1701. - -JOHNSON'S (DR. S.) WORKS, by MURPHY. Trade Edition of 1816, in 8vo. Vol. -XII. only. - - [Star symbol] Letters, stating particulars and lowest price, - _carriage free_, to be sent to MR. BELL, Publisher of "NOTES AND - QUERIES" 186. Fleet Street. - - -Notices to Correspondents. - -REPLIES RECEIVED.--_Old Dog--MEANING OF "TO BE MADE A DEACON"--Groom of -the Stole--Corrupted Names of Places--Plague Stones--Body and Soul, -&c.--Large Families--Emaciated Monumental Effigies--Which are the -Shadows?--London Street Characters--Umbrella, &c.--Sir John Wallop--Dr. -Elizabeth Blackwell--Poison--Rain Omens--Longevity--Friday -Superstition--Son of the Morning--Frog or Thrush--Can a Clergyman marry -himself?--Newton, Cicero, and Gravitation--Exeter -Controversy--Amyclae--Passage in Hamlet--The Three Loggerheads--St. -Christopher--Article "An"--Bee Park--Musical Plagiarism--Abbot of -Croyland's Motto--Breezes from Gas Works--Vikingr Skotar--Throwing Salt -over left Shoulder--Man in the Almanack--Curfew--Glass-making in -England--Birthplace of St. Patrick--Milton's Epitaph--Devil's Head as a -Crest--Moke--Stone Pillar Worship--Inedited Poetry--Tower of -London--Mrs. Van Butchel--Sneezing--Liability to -Error--Analysis--Dillijon--Grinning like a Cheshire Cat--Donkey--"An -tye"--St. Botolph--Clerical Members of Parliament--Seven Senses--Ring -Finger_. - -R. R. R. (Cambridge) _is thanked_. _We have every reason to put faith in -the writer of the paper to which he refers._ - -R. F. L. _will find a Note on the line by Borbonius:_ - - "Omnia mutantur nos et mutamur in illis," - -_in_ "N. & Q." Vol. i. pp. 234. 419. - -J. B. R. (Belper). _The Derbyshire Folk-lore will be very acceptable._ - -SEXAGENARIUS ALTER. _The article respecting_ "Black Rood of Scotland" -_is in the printer's hands. The other has_ not _been lost sight of._ - -E. G. "When Greeks join Greeks," &c., _is from Nat Lee's_ "Alexander the -Great." - -TEE BEE. _The communication of our Norwich correspondent has been duly -forwarded._ - -H. M. W. _will find his quotation on_ "Stops in Printing" _at_ p. 133. -_of the present Volume._ - -_We are compelled to postpone replying to many correspondents; to some -who have given us their names we will communicate by letter._ - -_The correspondent who writes to us on the subject of Collins is -thanked; the date in the Query_ (Vol. v., p. 227.) _is certainly wrong: -it should have been 1759. We do not publish Hayley's Epitaph, as it has -been, we believe, frequently printed. Our correspondent has been -anticipated too_ (_see_ p. 331.) _in the excellent illustration of the -word_ BIGOT _from Trench's_ "Study of Words." - -"NOTES AND QUERIES" _is published at noon on Friday, so that the Country -Booksellers may receive Copies in that night's parcels, and deliver them -to their Subscribers on the Saturday._ - - - - -PROVIDENT LIFE OFFICE, - - 50. REGENT STREET. - CITY BRANCH: 2. 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They are accessions of value to our books of - reference, and few who write or talk much about English Peers and - English Landed Gentry, can well be looked on as safe authorities - without a knowledge of the contents of Mr. Burke's careful - compilations."--_Athenaeum._ - - COLBURN & CO., Publishers, 13. Great Marlborough Street. - - -THE CAMDEN SOCIETY, for the Publication of Early Historical and Literary -Remains. - - THE ANNUAL GENERAL MEETING will be held at the Freemason's Tavern, - Great Queen Street, on Monday, the 3rd of May, at 4 o'clock - precisely. The LORD BRAYBROOKE, the President, in the chair. - - William J. Thoms, _Sec._ - - The following are the Publications of the Society for the year - 1851-52:-- - - I. Privy Purse Expenses of Charles II. and James II. Edited by - JOHN YONGE AKERMAN, Esq., Sec. S.A. - - II. Chronicle of the Grey Friars of London. Edited by JOHN GOUGH - NICHOLS, Esq., F.S.A. Lond. and Newc. - - III. Promptorium: an English and Latin Dictionary. By ALBERT WAY, - Esq., M.A., F.S.A. Vol. ii. (M to R.) (_Nearly ready._) - - The Subscription to the Society is 1_l._ per annum, which becomes - due on the 1st of May. - - Communications from Gentlemen desirous of becoming Members may be - addressed to the Secretary; or to Messrs. NICHOLS, No. 25. - Parliament Street, Westminster, by whom the Subscriptions of all - Members resident in London are received. - - - - -Printed by THOMAS CLARK SHAW, of No. 8. New Street Square, at No. 5. New -Street Square, in the Parish of St. Bride, in the City of London; and -published by GEORGE BELL, of No. 186. Fleet Street, in the Parish of St. -Dunstan in the West, in the City of London, Publisher, at No. 186. Fleet -Street aforesaid.--Saturday, May 1. 1852. - - - - - [Transcriber's Note: List of volumes and content pages in "Notes - and Queries", Vol. I.-V.] - - +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+ - | Notes and Queries Vol. I. | - +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+ - | Vol., No. | Date, Year | Pages | PG # xxxxx | - +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+ - | Vol. I No. 1 | November 3, 1849 | 1 - 17 | PG # 8603 | - | Vol. I No. 2 | November 10, 1849 | 18 - 32 | PG # 11265 | - | Vol. I No. 3 | November 17, 1849 | 33 - 46 | PG # 11577 | - | Vol. I No. 4 | November 24, 1849 | 49 - 63 | PG # 13513 | - +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+ - | Vol. I No. 5 | December 1, 1849 | 65 - 80 | PG # 11636 | - | Vol. I No. 6 | December 8, 1849 | 81 - 95 | PG # 13550 | - | Vol. I No. 7 | December 15, 1849 | 97 - 112 | PG # 11651 | - | Vol. I No. 8 | December 22, 1849 | 113 - 128 | PG # 11652 | - | Vol. I No. 9 | December 29, 1849 | 130 - 144 | PG # 13521 | - +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+ - | Vol. I No. 10 | January 5, 1850 | 145 - 160 | PG # | - | Vol. I No. 11 | January 12, 1850 | 161 - 176 | PG # 11653 | - | Vol. I No. 12 | January 19, 1850 | 177 - 192 | PG # 11575 | - | Vol. I No. 13 | January 26, 1850 | 193 - 208 | PG # 11707 | - +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+ - | Vol. I No. 14 | February 2, 1850 | 209 - 224 | PG # 13558 | - | Vol. I No. 15 | February 9, 1850 | 225 - 238 | PG # 11929 | - | Vol. I No. 16 | February 16, 1850 | 241 - 256 | PG # 16193 | - | Vol. I No. 17 | February 23, 1850 | 257 - 271 | PG # 12018 | - +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+ - | Vol. I No. 18 | March 2, 1850 | 273 - 288 | PG # 13544 | - | Vol. I No. 19 | March 9, 1850 | 289 - 309 | PG # 13638 | - | Vol. I No. 20 | March 16, 1850 | 313 - 328 | PG # 16409 | - | Vol. I No. 21 | March 23, 1850 | 329 - 343 | PG # 11958 | - | Vol. I No. 22 | March 30, 1850 | 345 - 359 | PG # 12198 | - +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+ - | Vol. I No. 23 | April 6, 1850 | 361 - 376 | PG # 12505 | - | Vol. I No. 24 | April 13, 1850 | 377 - 392 | PG # 13925 | - | Vol. I No. 25 | April 20, 1850 | 393 - 408 | PG # 13747 | - | Vol. I No. 26 | April 27, 1850 | 409 - 423 | PG # 13822 | - +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+ - | Vol. I No. 27 | May 4, 1850 | 425 - 447 | PG # 13712 | - | Vol. I No. 28 | May 11, 1850 | 449 - 463 | PG # 13684 | - | Vol. I No. 29 | May 18, 1850 | 465 - 479 | PG # 15197 | - | Vol. I No. 30 | May 25, 1850 | 481 - 495 | PG # 13713 | - +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+ - | Notes and Queries Vol. II. | - +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+ - | Vol., No. | Date, Year | Pages | PG # xxxxx | - +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+ - | Vol. II No. 31 | June 1, 1850 | 1- 15 | PG # 12589 | - | Vol. II No. 32 | June 8, 1850 | 17- 32 | PG # 15996 | - | Vol. II No. 33 | June 15, 1850 | 33- 48 | PG # 26121 | - | Vol. II No. 34 | June 22, 1850 | 49- 64 | PG # 22127 | - | Vol. II No. 35 | June 29, 1850 | 65- 79 | PG # 22126 | - +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+ - | Vol. II No. 36 | July 6, 1850 | 81- 96 | PG # 13361 | - | Vol. II No. 37 | July 13, 1850 | 97-112 | PG # 13729 | - | Vol. II No. 38 | July 20, 1850 | 113-128 | PG # 13362 | - | Vol. II No. 39 | July 27, 1850 | 129-143 | PG # 13736 | - +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+ - | Vol. II No. 40 | August 3, 1850 | 145-159 | PG # 13389 | - | Vol. II No. 41 | August 10, 1850 | 161-176 | PG # 13393 | - | Vol. II No. 42 | August 17, 1850 | 177-191 | PG # 13411 | - | Vol. II No. 43 | August 24, 1850 | 193-207 | PG # 13406 | - | Vol. II No. 44 | August 31, 1850 | 209-223 | PG # 13426 | - +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+ - | Vol. II No. 45 | September 7, 1850 | 225-240 | PG # 13427 | - | Vol. II No. 46 | September 14, 1850 | 241-256 | PG # 13462 | - | Vol. II No. 47 | September 21, 1850 | 257-272 | PG # 13936 | - | Vol. II No. 48 | September 28, 1850 | 273-288 | PG # 13463 | - +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+ - | Vol. II No. 49 | October 5, 1850 | 289-304 | PG # 13480 | - | Vol. II No. 50 | October 12, 1850 | 305-320 | PG # 13551 | - | Vol. II No. 51 | October 19, 1850 | 321-351 | PG # 15232 | - | Vol. II No. 52 | October 26, 1850 | 353-367 | PG # 22624 | - +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+ - | Vol. II No. 53 | November 2, 1850 | 369-383 | PG # 13540 | - | Vol. II No. 54 | November 9, 1850 | 385-399 | PG # 22138 | - | Vol. II No. 55 | November 16, 1850 | 401-415 | PG # 15216 | - | Vol. II No. 56 | November 23, 1850 | 417-431 | PG # 15354 | - | Vol. II No. 57 | November 30, 1850 | 433-454 | PG # 15405 | - +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+ - | Vol. II No. 58 | December 7, 1850 | 457-470 | PG # 21503 | - | Vol. II No. 59 | December 14, 1850 | 473-486 | PG # 15427 | - | Vol. II No. 60 | December 21, 1850 | 489-502 | PG # 24803 | - | Vol. II No. 61 | December 28, 1850 | 505-524 | PG # 16404 | - +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+ - | Notes and Queries Vol. III. | - +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+ - | Vol., No. | Date, Year | Pages | PG # xxxxx | - +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+ - | Vol. III No. 62 | January 4, 1851 | 1- 15 | PG # 15638 | - | Vol. III No. 63 | January 11, 1851 | 17- 31 | PG # 15639 | - | Vol. III No. 64 | January 18, 1851 | 33- 47 | PG # 15640 | - | Vol. III No. 65 | January 25, 1851 | 49- 78 | PG # 15641 | - +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+ - | Vol. III No. 66 | February 1, 1851 | 81- 95 | PG # 22339 | - | Vol. III No. 67 | February 8, 1851 | 97-111 | PG # 22625 | - | Vol. III No. 68 | February 15, 1851 | 113-127 | PG # 22639 | - | Vol. III No. 69 | February 22, 1851 | 129-159 | PG # 23027 | - +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+ - | Vol. III No. 70 | March 1, 1851 | 161-174 | PG # 23204 | - | Vol. III No. 71 | March 8, 1851 | 177-200 | PG # 23205 | - | Vol. III No. 72 | March 15, 1851 | 201-215 | PG # 23212 | - | Vol. III No. 73 | March 22, 1851 | 217-231 | PG # 23225 | - | Vol. III No. 74 | March 29, 1851 | 233-255 | PG # 23282 | - +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+ - | Vol. III No. 75 | April 5, 1851 | 257-271 | PG # 23402 | - | Vol. III No. 76 | April 12, 1851 | 273-294 | PG # 26896 | - | Vol. III No. 77 | April 19, 1851 | 297-311 | PG # 26897 | - | Vol. III No. 78 | April 26, 1851 | 313-342 | PG # 26898 | - +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+ - | Vol. III No. 79 | May 3, 1851 | 345-359 | PG # 26899 | - | Vol. III No. 80 | May 10, 1851 | 361-382 | PG # 32495 | - | Vol. III No. 81 | May 17, 1851 | 385-399 | PG # 29318 | - | Vol. III No. 82 | May 24, 1851 | 401-415 | PG # 28311 | - | Vol. III No. 83 | May 31, 1851 | 417-440 | PG # 36835 | - +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+ - | Vol. III No. 84 | June 7, 1851 | 441-472 | PG # 37379 | - | Vol. III No. 85 | June 14, 1851 | 473-488 | PG # 37403 | - | Vol. III No. 86 | June 21, 1851 | 489-511 | PG # 37496 | - | Vol. III No. 87 | June 28, 1851 | 513-528 | PG # 37516 | - +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+ - | Notes and Queries Vol. IV. | - +-----------------+--------------------+---------+------------+ - | Vol., No. | Date, Year | Pages | PG # xxxxx | - +-----------------+--------------------+---------+------------+ - | Vol. IV No. 88 | July 5, 1851 | 1- 15 | PG # 37548 | - | Vol. IV No. 89 | July 12, 1851 | 17- 31 | PG # 37568 | - | Vol. IV No. 90 | July 19, 1851 | 33- 47 | PG # 37593 | - | Vol. IV No. 91 | July 26, 1851 | 49- 79 | PG # 37778 | - +-----------------+--------------------+---------+------------+ - | Vol. IV No. 92 | August 2, 1851 | 81- 94 | PG # 38324 | - | Vol. IV No. 93 | August 9, 1851 | 97-112 | PG # 38337 | - | Vol. IV No. 94 | August 16, 1851 | 113-127 | PG # 38350 | - | Vol. IV No. 95 | August 23, 1851 | 129-144 | PG # 38386 | - | Vol. IV No. 96 | August 30, 1851 | 145-167 | PG # 38405 | - +-----------------+--------------------+---------+------------+ - | Vol. IV No. 97 | Sept. 6, 1851 | 169-183 | PG # 38433 | - | Vol. IV No. 98 | Sept. 13, 1851 | 185-200 | PG # 38491 | - | Vol. IV No. 99 | Sept. 20, 1851 | 201-216 | PG # 38574 | - | Vol. IV No. 100 | Sept. 27, 1851 | 217-246 | PG # 38656 | - +-----------------+--------------------+---------+------------+ - | Vol. IV No. 101 | Oct. 4, 1851 | 249-264 | PG # 38701 | - | Vol. IV No. 102 | Oct. 11, 1851 | 265-287 | PG # 38773 | - | Vol. IV No. 103 | Oct. 18, 1851 | 289-303 | PG # 38864 | - | Vol. IV No. 104 | Oct. 25, 1851 | 305-333 | PG # 38926 | - +-----------------+--------------------+---------+------------+ - | Vol. IV No. 105 | Nov. 1, 1851 | 337-358 | PG # 39076 | - | Vol. IV No. 106 | Nov. 8, 1851 | 361-374 | PG # 39091 | - | Vol. IV No. 107 | Nov. 15, 1851 | 377-396 | PG # 39135 | - | Vol. IV No. 108 | Nov. 22, 1851 | 401-414 | PG # 39197 | - | Vol. IV No. 109 | Nov. 29, 1851 | 417-430 | PG # 39233 | - +-----------------+--------------------+---------+------------+ - | Vol. IV No. 110 | Dec. 6, 1851 | 433-460 | PG # 39338 | - | Vol. IV No. 111 | Dec. 13, 1851 | 465-478 | PG # 39393 | - | Vol. IV No. 112 | Dec. 20, 1851 | 481-494 | PG # 39438 | - | Vol. IV No. 113 | Dec. 27, 1851 | 497-510 | PG # 39503 | - +-----------------+--------------------+---------+------------+ - | Notes and Queries Vol. V. | - +-----------------+--------------------+---------+------------+ - | Vol., No. | Date, Year | Pages | PG # xxxxx | - +-----------------+--------------------+---------+------------+ - | Vol. V No. 114 | January 3, 1852 | 1- 18 | PG # 40171 | - | Vol. V No. 115 | January 10, 1852 | 25- 45 | PG # 40582 | - | Vol. V No. 116 | January 17, 1852 | 49- 70 | PG # 40642 | - | Vol. V No. 117 | January 24, 1852 | 73- 94 | PG # 40678 | - | Vol. V No. 118 | January 31, 1852 | 97-118 | PG # 40716 | - +-----------------+--------------------+---------+------------+ - | Vol. V No. 119 | February 7, 1852 | 121-142 | PG # 40742 | - | Vol. V No. 120 | February 14, 1852 | 145-167 | PG # 40743 | - | Vol. V No. 121 | February 21, 1852 | 170-191 | PG # 40773 | - | Vol. V No. 122 | February 28, 1852 | 193-215 | PG # 40779 | - +-----------------+--------------------+---------+------------+ - | Vol. V No. 123 | March 6, 1852 | 217-239 | PG # 40804 | - | Vol. V No. 124 | March 13, 1852 | 241-263 | PG # 40843 | - | Vol. V No. 125 | March 20, 1852 | 265-287 | PG # 40910 | - | Vol. V No. 126 | March 27, 1852 | 289-310 | PG # 40987 | - +-----------------+--------------------+---------+------------+ - | Vol. V No. 127 | April 3, 1852 | 313-335 | PG # 41138 | - | Vol. V No. 128 | April 10, 1852 | 337-358 | PG # 41171 | - | Vol. V No. 129 | April 17, 1852 | 361-383 | PG # 41205 | - | Vol. V No. 130 | April 24, 1852 | 385-407 | PG #41254 | - +-----------------+--------------------+---------+------------+ - | Vol I. Index. [Nov. 1849-May 1850] | PG # 13536 | - | INDEX TO THE SECOND VOLUME. MAY-DEC., 1850 | PG # 13571 | - | INDEX TO THE THIRD VOLUME. JAN.-JUNE, 1851 | PG # 26770 | - | INDEX TO THE FOURTH VOLUME. JULY-DEC., 1851 | PG # 40166 | - +------------------------------------------------+------------+ - - - - - -End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Notes and Queries, Vol. V, Number 131, -May 1, 1852, by Various - -*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES AND QUERIES, MAY 1, 1852 *** - -***** This file should be named 41295.txt or 41295.zip ***** -This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: - http://www.gutenberg.org/4/1/2/9/41295/ - -Produced by Charlene Taylor, Jonathan Ingram and the Online -Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This -file was produced from images generously made available -by The Internet Library of Early Journals.) - - -Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions -will be renamed. - -Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no -one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation -(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without -permission and without paying copyright royalties. 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