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diff --git a/41254.txt b/41254.txt deleted file mode 100644 index e4fda3e..0000000 --- a/41254.txt +++ /dev/null @@ -1,3737 +0,0 @@ -The Project Gutenberg EBook of Notes and Queries, Vol. V, Number 130, -April 24, 1852, by Various - -This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with -almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or -re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included -with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org - - -Title: Notes and Queries, Vol. V, Number 130, April 24, 1852 - A Medium of Inter-communication for Literary Men, Artists, - Antiquaries, Genealogists, etc. - -Author: Various - -Editor: George Bell - -Release Date: November 1, 2012 [EBook #41254] - -Language: English - -Character set encoding: ASCII - -*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES AND QUERIES, APRIL 24, 1852 *** - - - - -Produced by Charlene Taylor, Jonathan Ingram and the Online -Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This -file was produced from images generously made available -by The Internet Library of Early Journals.) - - - - - -[Transcriber's note: Original spelling variations have not been -standardized. Characters with macrons have been marked in brackets with -an equal sign, as [=e] for a letter e with a macron on top. Underscores -have been used to indicate _italic_ fonts. A list of volumes and pages -in "Notes and Queries" has been added at the end.] - - - - -NOTES AND QUERIES: - -A MEDIUM OF INTER-COMMUNICATION - -FOR - -LITERARY MEN, ARTISTS, ANTIQUARIES, GENEALOGISTS, ETC. - -"When found, make a note of."--CAPTAIN CUTTLE. - -VOL. V.--No. 130. SATURDAY, APRIL 24. 1852. - -Price Fourpence. Stamped Edition, 5_d._ - - - - -CONTENTS. - - Page - - - NOTES:-- - - The Tredescants and Elias Ashmole--concluded, by - S. W. Singer 385 - - Inedited Poetry, by W. Sparrow Simpson 387 - - Note on Virgil, by Rev. E. S. Taylor 387 - - MSS. of Dr. Whitby, and Petition of Inhabitants of - Allington, Kent, by Rev. Richard Hooper 388 - - Bills for Printing and Binding "the King's Booke," by - Joseph Burtt 389 - - Sir Ralph Vernon, by W. Sneyd 389 - - The Fallacy of Traditions 390 - - On the Derivation of "the Rack," by Samuel Hickson 390 - - Minor Notes:--Book-keepers--The Substitution - of the Letter "I" for "J" in the Names of "John, - James, Jane," &c.--Daniel De Foe--English Surnames: - Bolingbroke--Waistcoats worn by Women--"Thirty - Days hath September," &c. (Antiquity of) 391 - - Folk Lore:--The Frog--An Oath in Court--St. - Clement's and St. Thomas's Day 393 - - QUERIES:-- - - Speaker Lenthall, by F. Kyffin Lenthall 393 - - Notte of Imbercourt, Surrey 393 - - Minor Queries:--Suffragan Bishops--Poison--Dr. - Elizabeth Blackwell--Martha, Countess of Middleton--Lord - Lieutenant and Sheriff--Vikingr Skotar--The - Abbot of Croyland's Motto--Apple Sauce with - Pork--Gipsies--Breezes from Gas Works--The - Phrase "and tye"--Stonehenge, a Pastoral, by John - Speed--"Buro . Berto . Beriora"--'Prentice Pillars--Archer - Rolls: Master of Archery--Witchcraft: - Mrs. Hicks and her Daughter--Antony Hungerford--Rev. - William Dawson--"Up, Guards, and at them!"--St. - Botolph--Rental of Arable Land in 1333, &c. 394 - - MINOR QUERIES ANSWERED:--Knollys Family--Emblematical - Halfpenny--National Proverbs--Heraldic - Query--Chantrey's Marble Children--Autobiography - of Timour 397 - - REPLIES:-- - - The Earl of Erroll 398 - - General Wolfe 398 - - James Wilson, M.D., by Professor De Morgan 399 - - Oliver Cromwell: the "Whale" and the "Storm" in - 1658, by A. Grayan 400 - - Authenticated Instances of Longevity 401 - - Replies to Minor Queries:--Haberdascher--Cou-bache--Meaning - of Groom--Grinning like a Cheshire Cat--Mallet's - Death and Burial--Town-halls, &c. 402 - - MISCELLANEOUS:-- - - Notes on Books, &c. 406 - - Books and Odd Volumes wanted 406 - - Notices to Correspondents 406 - - Advertisements 407 - - - - -Notes. - - -THE TREDESCANTS AND ELIAS ASHMOLE. - -(_Continued from_ p. 368.) - -Whether it was Ashmole's influence, or that the equity of the case was -on his side, is uncertain; but the Court of Chancery decided in his -favour, and he was declared the proprietor of the Tredescantian Museum. -He obtained, without being able to produce any written document which -declared his right to the possession, all that the two Tredescants, -father and son, had with inexpressible trouble, and by means of many -voyages, brought together in their Museum and Botanic Garden. - -The judgement of the Lord Chancellor[1] (Clarendon) was: - - "He, Ashmole, shall have and enjoy all and singular the bookes, - coynes, medalls, stones, pictures, mechanicks, and antiquities, - and all and every other the raryties and curiosities, of what sort - or kind soever, whether naturall or artificiall, which were in - John Tredescant's Closett, or in or about his house at South - Lambeth the 16th December, 1659, and which were commonly deemed, - taken, and reputed as belonging or appertaining to the said - Closett, or Collection of Rarities, an abstract whereof was - heretofore printed under the tytle of 'Museum Tredescantianum.'" - - [Footnote 1: "The means of exhibiting Lord Clarendon as an equity - judge," says Mr. Lister, "and of estimating his efficiency, are - very scanty. The political functions of the Lord Chancellor then - preponderated over the judicial functions much more than at - present." He had for twenty years ceased to practise at the bar, - and the very different avocations of that long period may have - tended to unfit him. It is said that he never made a decree - without the assistance of two of the judges: this implies a - consciousness of want of knowledge, but, as his biographer says, - "does not prove that the precaution was required."] - -Mrs. Tredescant was adjudged to have merely during her life a kind of -custody of, or guardianship over the collection, "subject to the Trust -for the Defendant during her life." - -The Lord Chancellor further decreed that a commission should be named to -inquire whether everything was forthcoming which was named in the -_Catalogue_; in order that if anything was missing she should be -constrained to replace it, and give security that nothing should be lost -in future. The commissioners appointed to carry into effect the -Chancellor's decree were however two persons with whom Ashmole must have -been on terms of intimate friendship, namely, Sir Edward Bysh and Sir -William Dugdale, both Heralds like himself; and with the latter he at -length became most intimately connected by marrying his daughter. To -them was also added, in his official capacity, Sir William Glascock, a -Master in Chancery. Tredescant's widow, as may be imagined, did not very -quietly submit to this, as it seemed to her, unjust decree; but all her -endeavours at opposition were fruitless; she was constrained to yield; -and it seems probable that the depressing influence of this struggle -affected her so much as to cause her death. She was found drowned in the -pond in the garden cultivated by her husband and his father at South -Lambeth, on the 3rd of April, 1678. - -Whatever may have been the legal or equitable right of Ashmole, upon -which the decree in Chancery was founded, it is impossible for a -generous mind to come to any other conclusion than that the course he -pursued was unworthy of him as a man of education, and of his wealth and -station; for it must be obvious from the will of Tredescant, that even -supposing he had willingly and wittingly made a deed of gift of his -treasures to Ashmole, and given him formal possession by handing over -the Queen Elizabeth's shilling, it is next to impossible to believe that -Ashmole did not know that he repented that act, and wished to connect -his own name with the bequest to the University. Dr. Hamel[2] is induced -to think that many of Tredescant's curiosities were never sent to -Oxford; that there had been a careful suppression of every written -document which might serve to connect the name of the Tredescants with -the collection; and that the relation of the voyage to Russia only -escaped because it bore no mark by which it could be recognised as -Tradescant's. - - [Footnote 2: Dr. Hamel sought in vain at the Ashmolean Museum for - some of the articles which the elder Tredescant brought home from - Russia; among others, for an article occurring at p. 46. of the - _Tredescant Catalogue_, described as "The Duke of Muscovy's vest, - wrought with gold upon the breast and arms," which he thinks may - have belonged to the Wojewode of Archangel, Wassiljewitch Chilkow. - He however found nothing but the head of a Sea-diver, the remains - of a whole bird described by Tredescant as a "Gorara or Colymbus - from Muscovy:" the body seems to have shared the same fate as that - of the Dodo. Another remarkable article occurring in the Catalogue - is pointed out by Dr. Hamel, viz. "Blood that rained in the Isle - of Wight, attested by Sir Jo. Oglander." This article, had it been - preserved, he thinks might have proved of great scientific - importance, as it is possible that it may have been some of that - meteoric red dust which is recorded in the _Chronicle of Bromton_ - as having fallen in the Isle of Wight in the year 1177. The words - of the Chronicle are: "Anno 1177 die Dominica post Pentecostes - sanguineus imber cecidit in insula de _Whit_, fere per duas hores - integras, ita quod panni linei per sepes ad siccandum suspensi, - rore illo sanguineo sic aspersi fuerant acsi in vaso aliquo pleno - sanguine mersi essent." Sir John Oglander, whose attestation is - mentioned, was the immediate descendant of Richard de Okelander, - who came over with William the Conqueror. Tredescant most probably - became known to him when gardener to the Duke of Buckingham, with - whom Sir John was joint commissioner for levies in Hampshire.] - - "The more we examine the _Catalogue of the Museum - Tredescantianum_," says Dr. Hamel, "the more we are astonished - that it was possible for these _Gardeners_ (for such, we see, is - the modest denomination the younger Tredescant assumes in his - will) to get together so many and such various objects of - curiosity, and to become the founders of the first collection of - curiosities of Nature and Art in England." - -Such men, and their endeavours to promote a love for, and to advance -natural science, deserved at least to have had their names perpetuated -with their collection; and whatever may be the merits of Ashmole as an -antiquary, notwithstanding I am one of the fraternity, I must confess -that although he has some claim to consideration for having augmented -the collection, the Tredescants rank far above him as benefactors of -mankind. - -The mention, in the will of Robert and Thomas Tredescant, of -Walberswick, in the county of Suffolk, is, I think, decisive that the -elder Tredescant was an Englishman. In the relation of his voyage to -Russia he shows that he was familiar with the aspect of the two -adjoining counties of Essex and Norfolk. Dr. Hamel has directed his -inquiries toward the registry of the church at Walberswick, in which he -was aided by Mr. Ellis of Southwold; but unfortunately the existing -register commences a century too late, the first entry being of the year -1756. In Gardner's _Historical Account of Dunwich, Blithburg, and -Southwold_, 1754, there are notices of Walberswick, but the name of -Tredescant does not occur. - -I have just learned that the late MR. TRADESCANT LAY claimed descent -from the Tredescants; and it seems probable that it was through the MRS. -LEA, to whom Ashmole paid the 100_l._ on account of Tredescant's -bequest. Ashmole may have written _Lea_ for _Lay_, or the name, as often -happens, may have assumed the latter form in the lapse of time. - -It is remarkable that Mr. Tradescant Lay was the _Naturalist_ attached -to Beechey's expedition, and published _The Voyage of the Himmaleh_. He -went subsequently to China, on account of the missions, but afterwards -received an appointment under the government (probably that of -interpreter). In the year 1841 he put forth an interesting little work, -entitled _The Chinese as they are_; and he was at least worthy of the -descent he claimed. - -I have only to add, that I have not seen the original will, or the -documentary evidence in the suit in Chancery. Desirous of losing no time -in this communication, which is not without interest at the present -moment, as it may influence the tribute about to be paid to the memory -of the Tredescants by the reparation of their monuments, I have relied -on Dr. Hamel's transcripts. - -One is gratified to find that the merits of these humble and -unpretending lovers of science is at length appreciated, and that, while -some of the inhabitants of Lambeth, where they dwelt, are taking -effective measures to restore the monument erected to their memory by -the unfortunate Hester, a just tribute to their merits has been paid by -Dr. Hamel at St. Petersburg! On Ashmole's tombstone in Lambeth Church is -inscribed: "Mortem obiit 18 Maii, 1692, sed durante Musaeo Ashmoleano -Oxonii nunquam moriturus." May not some similar record relate to -posterity that it was to the Tredescants we owe the foundation of the -first Museum of Curiosities of Nature and Art, as well as the first -Botanic Garden? - - S. W. SINGER. - - Manor Place, South Lambeth. - - -INEDITED POETRY. - -I have now before me an interesting little volume containing "Elegiac -Verses" and other poetical effusions, composed by, and in the autograph -of, Anne Ellys, wife and widow of a Bishop of St. David's. Most of the -pieces are dated, the earliest in January, 1761, the latest February 15, -1763. The MS. is in small 4to. and contains fifteen pieces, eleven of -which relate to the death of her husband (which occurred, so far as I -can gather from the dates, on January 17th, 1761), and breathe a spirit -of deep affection and of fervent piety. So far as I am aware, the poems -have never been published; permit me to send you one of the pieces, as -it may be deemed worthy of a place in the museum of inedited poetry -already collected in your pages, and which I hope to see greatly -increased. - - "THOUGHTS ON A GARDEN. - - "The mind of man, like a luxuriant field, - Will various products, in abundance, yield. - If cultur'd well by skilful gardener's hand, - What beauteous prospects overspread the land. - What various flowers to the sight appear, - To deck each season of the rolling year. - Their od'rous scents the opening buds disclose, } - From the blew [sic] violet to the blushing rose, } - And each in its successive order blows. } - Each different fragrance yields a fresh delight, - And various colours charm the ravish'd sight. - Unnumber'd fruits as well as flowers arise, - To please the taste, and to delight the eyes. - The blooming peach tempts the beholder's hand, - And curling vines in beauteous order stand; - Their purple clusters to the sight disclose, - While ruddy apples with vermillion glows [sic]. - Fancy and order makes the whole complete, - Not costly elegance, yet exactly neat. - Delightful scene, produce of care and pains, - Late wild and dreary were these beauteous plains. - And should they now again neglected be, } - How soon, alas, would the beholder see, } - Instead of order, wild deformity. } - Let this, my soul, incline thee to reflect, - The fatal consequence of sad neglect. - Thy mind like this sweet spot thou may'st improve, - And make it worthy of its Maker's love. - Observe thyself with nicest care, thy pain - And present labour will be future gain. - Let no ill weeds arise lest they destroy, - The seeds of virtue which alone yield joy. - Manure thy soul with every lovely grace, - No more let sin thy heaven-born soul deface. - Nor idle or inactive, let it be; - By this example warn'd, observe and see - How from the least neglect great dangers rise. - Watch lest the nipping frost of sin surprise, - Or gusts of passion with impetuous sway, - Bear down thy good resolves, or then delay. - As scorching suns destroy the new set tree, - And burn the tender plant in infancy; - So jealous of thy own improvements be, - Lest they should fill thy mind with vanity, - Check its too speedy growth, observe and see - How the too early buds all blasted be. - And as all human care and labour's vain, - Without the vernal breeze and gentle rain; - So when thy utmost care and skill is shown, - Reflect it is not thou, but God alone - Whose heavenly grace, distilling on thy soul, - Must all the wild disorders there controul. - Pray for the beams of his celestial light, - To clear the errours of thy misty sight. - So thy endeavours and God's grace conjoin'd, - Will towards perfection lead the willing mind. - - "A. E." - -This piece is the second in the collection, several of the other poems -are signed with the author's name at full length: the last piece appears -to be written under a presentiment of impending death; its heading is -somewhat curious: - - "February 15th [1763], past 2 in the morning. Going to bed very - ill." - -This leads me to inquire the date of her death. Should any further -extracts from the MS. be deemed desirable, allow me to assure you that -they are very much at your service. - - W. SPARROW SIMPSON. - - [From the epitaph on the tablet erected to the memory of Bishop - Ellys in Gloucester Cathedral, we learn that "he married Anne, the - eldest daughter of Sir Stephen Anderson of Eyworth, in the county - of Bedford, Bart., whom he left, with only one daughter, to lament - the common loss of one of the best of mankind." Kippis, in his - _Biog. Britain._, adds, "The unfortunate marriage of Bishop - Ellys's daughter, after his decease, and the subsequent - derangement of her mind, would form a melancholy tale of domestic - history."] - - -NOTE ON VIRGIL. - - "Ecce _levis_ summo de vertice visus Iuli - Fundere lumen _apex_...." - - _AEn._ II. 682-3. - -The common translations of _apex_ with its epithet _levis_ seem to me to -be strangely deficient in sense. I am anxious to submit an idea which -has occurred to me to the judgment of the riper scholars whose -well-known names are subscribed to so many valuable articles in "N. & -Q." The Delphin note defines _apex_ to be "summa pars pilei," the -conical termination of the bonnet worn by Iulus; and in this all other -comments on this passage (at least with which I am acquainted) seem to -agree. But in what sense can any part of a cap or bonnet be -_levis_--_light_, _flimsy_, _worthless_, or _capricious_? which I take -to be the only meanings of which _levis_ is capable. Surely Virgil would -not be guilty of so meaningless an epithet--of so palpable an instance -of school-boy _cram_? Now, from a passage in Euripides, _Phoen._ -1270-4., - - "[Greek: ... empyrous t' akmas - rhexeis t' enomon, hygrotet' enantian, - akran te lampad', he dyoin horous echei, - nikes te sema kai ta ton hessomenon.]" - -it seems clear to me that Virgil meant, by _levis apex_, a _light, -flickering, lambent, pyramidal flame_, the omen of success in the -[Greek: Pyromanteia]. - -The nature of the flame which consumed the sacrifice was one point which -the haruspices, both Greek and Roman, particularly observed in -endeavouring to ascertain the will of the gods; hence the expressions -[Greek: empyra semata, phlogopa semata]. See Valckenaer on this very -passage of the Phoenissae. - - E. S. TAYLOR, B.A. - - Martham, Norfolk. - - -MSS. OF DR. WHITBY, AND PETITION OF INHABITANTS OF ALLINGTON, KENT. - -Perhaps some of your numerous readers may be interested with the -following Note:--A few weeks since I met with at a stall a most -beautifully-written MS. commentary on the Second Epistle of St. Paul to -the Corinthians. The MS. was evidently of the close of the seventeenth, -or the first three or four years of the eighteenth century. I was much -struck with its learning. At the end were two sermons written in a -different hand. The commentary was scored and corrected by the same hand -the sermons were written in. These latter were full of most copious -extracts from the Greek and Latin Fathers. The handwriting was very -remarkable. I discovered that the commentary was that of Dr. Whitby, -though differing in several places from that published by him. By a -comparison with some of Dr. Whitby's letters in the British Museum -(especially Add. MSS. 4276., fol. 194.), two learned friends at once -identified the Doctor's handwriting, which is very peculiar in the -formation of some of the letters, and especially from having a -remarkable curve [Illustration: horizontal curved line]. The two -sermons, I believe, have never been published. Between the leaves of the -MS. I found an old letter, of which I send you a copy. The person to -whom it was addressed was Dr. Elias Sydall, subsequently, I believe, -Bishop of Gloucester, then chaplain to Archbishop Tenison. I know not -whether it has ever appeared in print before. - - "To the Pious and Revd Dr Sydall, Chaplain to his Grace the - Archbp. of Canterbury. - - "The humble petition of the Inhabitants of the Parish of Allington - in Kent. - - "Sr. - - "The sublime character his Grace did latelie bestow on a _brace_ - of his own Chaplains, that he feared not, not he, _to turn them - loose against any two preachers in England_, has rais'd so high an - opinion of your person in all men of sense and understanding, that - you cannot wonder to see yourself courted by us as the reigning - favourite at Lambeth; be pleas'd, therefore, when business of - State or the care of the Church aford his Grace some minutes of - leisure, to represent our deplorable case to Him: we are now as a - flock without a Shepheard, and are inform'd by a threat'ning - Emissary, who came latelie down only to scatter terror through our - fields, that my Ld designs to thrust a young _looker_ amongst us, - who, tho' fit to be an Amanuensis, should the dreadfull times of - Pulton[3] return, yet knows not yet what doctrine He should give, - nor what tithes He should receive. Good S'r, put his Lordship in - mind that our Fathers had once here the great Erasmus, & that our - living should not be the portion of Sucklings: His Grace's - singular affection to the Church will encline him, we hope, to - consider our case, and we entreat you to favor it with your - gracious countenance; and your Petitioners will, as in duty bound, - pray to God that he will be pleas'd to translate one of the - Prebendaries to Heaven, to make room for you before it is too - late. - - [Footnote 3: "The A.B. disputed in K. James' time against Pulton - the Jesuite, who prov'd too hard for Him."] - - "Sam. Andrews, } - John Stain, } Churchwardens. - - "Will. Sokes. - Hum. Terryl. - Matt. Parker, - x - his mark. - Tim. Pledget. - Ch. Douhty. - W. Rest. - Will. Soper." - -I transcribe the letter _verbatim et literatim_. There is no date; but -the writing is very old, evidently of the early part of the eighteenth -century. Perhaps some of your readers can throw light upon the subject -referred to. Does anybody know of more portions of Dr. Whitby's -commentary in MS.? - - RICHARD HOOPER. - - St. Stephen's, Westminster. - - -BILLS FOR PRINTING AND BINDING "THE KING'S BOOKE." - -The following copy of an early printer's and binder's bill is from a -manuscript of the time of James I., to whose BASILICON DORON it most -probably refers. It is presented to "N. & Q." in the hope that some of -its correspondents (many of whom are so well versed in bibliographical -matters and the literary history of the period) will find some curious -particulars worthy their attention and illustration. - - JOSEPH BURTT. - - "Imprimis, For printinge of eight sheetes - of ye King's Majesties Booke in lat. - of Mr. Downes translation wch weare - all destroyed 1000 copies of ech - sheete at two sheetes a peny beinge - the co[=m]on rate cometh to lb 16 13 4 - - Item for reprinting five sheetes of ye - King's Booke which weare altred, - as namelie, B. twise, F. once, H. - once, and G. in ye Apologie once, - 750 copies of each sheete, at the rate - of two sheetes a penye co[=m]eth to lb 7 10 7 - - Item for 6 of the first partes of the - King's Booke wch weare delivered to - ye Bishop of Bath and Wells, Sir - Henry Savill and others lb 0 12 0 - - Item for the impression of the King's - Booke in 4to., and my continuall - attendance all the time it was in - hand, and for so manie bookes as - weare delivered to ye King's use, - and my boatehyre sometimes six - times in a day lb 49 16 11 - - _The Note of the Lesser Vollumes._ - - Item, To the King's Majesty, 2 bookes - gilt lb 0 6 0 - - Item, To Mr. Atie Scotsman, by order - three dossen, gilt with fillets lb 3 12 0 - - Item, To the King's Majestie three - dossen in fillets, gilt with silke strings lb 3 12 0 - - Item, To Mr. Barclay, 2 dossen and - one, in Engl. lb 1 12 0 - - Item, To Sir James Murray, 3 dossen, - gilt fillets lb 3 12 0 - - Item, To Sir Andrew Kith, 3 dossen, - gilt fillets lb 3 12 0 - - Item, 6 of the Bishop of Lincoln's - bookes, per Mr. John Amongly, gilt - fillets strings lb 1 0 0 - - Item, To the King's Majestie on dussen - and a half of Mr. Barclay's - bookes, gilt fillets lb 2 14 0 - - Item for 2 dossen of Mr. Barclay's - bookes per order from Mr. Kircham lb 3 12 0 - -------------- - lb 98 4 10 - -------------- - - _Item more delivered to ye King's use per Mr. Kircham_: - - 8 of the Kings bookes in 12o fillets lb 0 16 0 - - 1 ---- in English, - sticht lb 0 2 0 - - 6 Bishop of Chychesters bookes 4to. - fillets lb 1 5 0 - -------------- - lb 2 3 0 - lb 98 4 10 - -------------- - lb 100 7 10 - -------------- - - _The Binder's Note._ - - Imprimis, For binding 6 of ye King's - bookes plaine lb 0 6 0 - - Item for bindinge one in Turkie leather - wth small tooles lb 1 0 0 - - Item for bindinge 6 bookes in vellem - fillets gilt lb 0 12 0 - - Item for bindinge of 12 bookes for - Mr. Thomas Murray, whereof one - in velvet lb 1 10 0 - - Item for bindinge of 3 dossen vellem - fillets lb 3 12 0 - - Item for bindinge 31 in velvet, edged - with gold lace, and lined wth tafity - silk stringes lb 20 13 4 - - Item for bindinge 20 of the King's - bookes in velvet, silke strings lb 10 0 0 - - Item for bindinge one in greene velvet - in English and Latten for the Prince lb 0 10 0 - - Item for bindinge 4 of the lesser sort - in Turky leather, with strings gilt lb 1 0 0 - - Item for 12 in vellem and leather with - a fillet lb 1 16 0 - -------------- - lb 40 19 4 - -------------- - - _For the Velvet._ - - Imprimis, For 15 yards of crymson - velvet at 32_s._ per yard co[=m]eth to lb 24 0 0 - - Item for 2 yards of purple velvet lb 2 0 0 - - Item for 3 eld and a half of Taffity - at 15_s._ per ell co[=m]eth to lb 2 12 6 - - Item for gold lace lb 3 6 8 - - Item for greene velvet for the Prince's - booke lb 0 10 0 - -------------- - lb 32 9 2 - -------------- - lb 173 16 4" - -------------- - - -SIR RALPH VERNON. - -Much has been written in "N. & Q." respecting the "Old Countess of -Desmond," who is said to have died at the age of 140; but there is a -still more remarkable instance of longevity recorded in the pedigree of -the Vernon family, and which seems to be too well authenticated to admit -of doubt. Sir Ralph Vernon, of Shipbrooke (Lysonsi styles him _Baron_ -of Shipbrooke, a barony founded by Hugh Lupus, Earl of Chester), who was -born some time in the thirteenth century, died at the great age of 150! -and is said to have been succeeded by his descendant in the sixth -generation. He was called the "_Old_ Sir Ralph," or Sir R. "_the long -liver_." His first wife was a daughter of the Lord Dacre; and in 1325 he -made a settlement on the marriage of his grandson (or, as some pedigrees -represent, great-grandson,) Sir Ralph with the daughter of Richard -Damory, Chief Justice of Chester. This deed was the cause of future -litigation; and it is said that the papers respecting this law-suit -still exist, to prove the fact of the old knight's patriarchal age. I -would refer those who may be curious for further information on the -subject to Ormerod's _History of Cheshire_, where, in the pedigree of -"Vernon of Shipbrooke," they will find some account of "Old Sir Ralph." - - * * * * * - -While on the subject of _longevity_, I may mention that in 1833, while -passing through Savoy on my way from Italy, I saw and conversed with an -old woman, who was then in her 119th year. It was at Lanslebourg, on the -Mont Cenis. Her name was Elizabeth Durieux, and the date of her birth -was the 17th of December, 1714, only four months after the death of -Queen Anne, and when Louis XIV. still occupied the throne of France. Her -age was well authenticated. In early life she had been in the service of -the then reigning family, and a small pension had been settled upon her, -which she had been receiving nearly a century; and, until within ten -years of the time when I saw her, she had been in the habit of -journeying on foot over the mountain annually to receive it. She had all -her faculties, with the exception of a slight degree of deafness; and -assured me that she could remember everything distinctly for one hundred -and twelve years! She was bony, large limbed, and appeared to have been -a tall strong woman formerly; excessively wrinkled, and very dirty. How -long she may have continued to live after I saw her in 1833, I know not. - - W. SNEYD. - - Denton. - - -THE FALLACY OF TRADITIONS. - -Several communications to the "N. & Q." have already proved how little -reliance is to be placed upon the traditions repeated by vergers and -guides to wondering lionizers. A collection of other instances, where -the test of science and archaeological investigation have exposed their -falsity, would be interesting and instructive. In spite of Sir Samuel -Meyrick's judicious arrangement of the armour in the tower, the -beef-eaters still persist in relating the old stories handed down. At -Warwick Castle the rib of the dun cow is ascertained to be a bone of a -fossil elephant, and Guy's porridge-pot a military cooking utensil of -the time of Charles I. St. Crispin's chair, carefully preserved in -Linlithgow Cathedral by insertion in the wall, is of mahogany,--an -American wood! The chair of Charles I. at Leicester bears a crown, -which, having been the fashionable ornament after the Restoration, -together with the form, betrays the date. Queen Eleanor's crosses, it -now appears, were not built by her affectionate husband, but by her own -direction and with her own money. The fire-place and other objects in -belted Will's bedroom at Naworth Castle, are manifestly of later date. -The curious bed treasured up near Leicester as that occupied by Richard -III., immediately before the battle of Bosworth, is in the style -commonly called Elizabethan. Queen Mary's bed at Holyrood is of the last -century; and her room at Hardwicke is in a house which was not erected -till after her death; the tapestry and furniture, however, may have been -removed from the old hall where she was imprisoned. The tower of -Caernarvon Castle, in which the first Prince of Wales is supposed to -have been born, is not of so early a period. In short, archaeologists -seem to show that there is not only nothing _new_ under the sun, but -that there is also nothing _true_ under the sun. To assume "a -questionable shape," may I request some of your correspondents to add to -the list? - - C. T. - - -ON THE DERIVATION OF "THE RACK." - -Some time ago I ventured to call the attention of your readers to what I -regarded as an oversight of the commentators on Shakspeare, in reference -to a certain passage of the _Tempest_ in which the word "rack" occurs. -It seemed to me that, with the exception of Malone, having overlooked -the construction of the passage, they had been misled by the authority -of Horne Tooke; for to every other part being conceded its due weight -and meaning, and assuming, with Horne Tooke, that Shakspeare understood -English at least as well as his commentators, I could not conceive it -possible that there could be a serious doubt as to the value of the word -in question. I have no wish, now, to say a word in addition upon this -point, firmly convinced as I am that the time will come when "(w)rack" -will be generally received by critics as it always has been by everybody -else, as the true reading; but I have a few observations to make on the -derivation of the word used by Shakspeare and others, with which it has -been so often identified, which I trust will be found worthy of a few -moments' consideration. - -Horne Tooke is justly regarded as a very high authority, and certainly I -should be the last to deny how deeply philology is indebted to the -originality of his views; yet with the respect that I entertain for his -labours, I see no reason why my judgment should abdicate its place, even -though its conclusion should be that he was not always infallible. In -considering the meaning of "rack" in the _Tempest_, I treated the -question entirely as one of construction, and therefore allowed the -supposed derivation of the same word in other places from Recan, _to -reek_, to stand unexamined and unquestioned; but let us look now a -little more closely into the matter, and I think I shall be able to make -it appear that this conclusion is not altogether so unquestionable as -many may have supposed. That the application of the word may be more -clearly seen, I beg leave to quote a few passages: - - "That which is now a horse, even with a thought, - The _rack_ dislimns, and makes it indistinct - As water is in water." - - _Ant. & Cleo._ Act IV. Sc. 12. - - "Far swifter than the sailing _rack_ that gallops - Upon the wings of angry winds." - - _Women Pleased_, Act IV. Sc. 1. - - "Shall I stray - In the middle air, and stay - The sailing _rack_?" - - _Faithful Shepherdess_, Act V. Sc. 1. - - "But as we often see, against some storm, - A silence in the heavens, the _rack_ stand still." - - _Hamlet_, Act II. Sc. 2. - - "The winds in the upper regions which move the clouds above (which - we call the _rack_)." - - Bacon, _Naturall Historie_. - -Steevens, in reference to the last quotation, says, "I should explain -the word _rack_ somewhat differently, by calling it 'the last fleeting -vestige of the highest clouds, scarce perceptible on account of their -distance and tenuity.' What was anciently called 'the rack' is now -termed by sailors _the scud_." It is sufficiently obvious from the above -what is meant by the word; but I now come to put the question, What -authority had Horne Tooke for deriving it from Recan? It is, in fact, -nothing more than a guess, the less probable as the word represents only -an indirect result--not the clouds themselves, but a peculiar effect -produced upon the clouds by the action of the winds. In another passage -(in which I recognise the hand of Shakspeare) the formation of the -_rack_ is employed as an illustration; and in this instance "reek" would -hardly stand as a substitute for the verb used. - - "I might perceive his eye in her eye lost, - His ear to drink her sweet tongue's utterance; - And chasing passion, like inconstant clouds,-- - That, _rackt upon the carriage of the winds, - Increase, and die_,--in his disturbed cheeks." - - _Edward III._, Act II. Sc. 1. - -From this it would appear that the _rack_ is literally that which has -been _wrecked_, and that it should be derived from wrac, past part. of -wrikan, _to wreak_; in short, that _it is_ identical with the word in -the _Tempest_ in the general sense of _remains_; in the present case, in -its special application, meaning, as Steevens explains, "_the last -fleeting vestige_[4] of the highest clouds" previous to their final -disappearance. Had it ever been used with the general sense of _vapour_ -or _exhalation_, or even generally for _a cloud_ or _the clouds_, the -case would be different; but in fact, no examples can be produced by -which it can be shown that such was ever its meaning; and in the absence -of proof it will be noted as not a little remarkable that, _not_ being -used to represent _the clouds_, which _already exist_ in the form of -vapour or exhalations, it is only employed when a word is required -descriptive of an effect of their _dispersion_. - - [Footnote 4: Indeed, the action of the winds is one and the same, - whether upon clouds on the face of heaven, or upon bodies at sea; - and the _wrack_ of one and the other, broken into fragments, for a - fleeting space _remains behind_ to tell the tale.] - - SAMUEL HICKSON. - - -Minor Notes. - -_Book-keepers._--There is a class of persons who fall under this -denomination, and to whom the following lines may give a useful hint. -Doubtless some of your correspondents, who are furnished with valuable -libraries and works of reference, have suffered materially from a -neglect of the rules herein laid down. - - _Lines for the beginning of a Book._ - - 1. - "If thou art borrowed by a friend, - Right welcome shall he be, - To read, to study, not to lend, - But to return to me. - - 2. - "Not that imparted knowledge doth - Diminish learning's store; - But books I find, if often lent, - Return to me no more. - - 3. - "Read slowly, pause frequently, - Think seriously, return duly, - With the corners of the leaves not turned down." - - [+.] - -_The Substitution of the Letter "I" for "J" in the Names of "John, -James, Jane," &c._--Will you permit me to ask the reason of the absurd, -and sometimes inconvenient, custom of substituting _I_ for _J_ in MS. -spelling of the names John, James, Jane, &c.? If it be correct in MS., -why is it not equally correct in print? Let us, then, just see how the -names would read in print with such spelling: _Iohn_, _Iames_, _Iane_, -&c.! Besides, if it be correct to put _I_ for _J_ in John, it must, of -course, be equally correct to put _J_ for _I_ in _Isaac_, and to turn it -into _Jsaac_. Indeed, if you happen in a subscription list, or a letter, -or anything else intended for the press, to write in the MS. the letter -_I_ (which _rightly_ stands as the initial in _that_ case), as the -initial of some person named _Isaac_, it is ten to one but the -compositor substitutes _J_ in its place in print. I have found Sir _I._ -Newton in my MS. thus metamorphosed into Sir _J._ Newton in print. I see -in "The Clergy List" more than one name which ought to be _I_, turned -into a _J_. Now, Sir, it is folly to pretend that _I_ and _J_ are -synonymous letters, or that they express the same meaning, unless we are -prepared to allow _Isaac_ to be spelt with a _J_ or _I_, according to -the writer's pleasure or caprice. May I, then, be permitted to ask -whether it is not high time for every one to _write_ _I_ when he _means_ -_I_, and to _write_ _J_ when he _means_ _J_? If compositors would always -_print_ MSS. _as they are written in this particular_, the palpable -absurdity of putting _I_ for _J_ would, I am sure, soon be evident to -all, and soon shame people out of the fashion. What if _U_ and _V_ were -treated with as little ceremony as _I_ and _J_? So it once was. Thus T. -Rogers, in his work on the Thirty-nine Articles, A.D. 1586, will furnish -an example. In it we read: "Such is the estate principally of infants -elected _v_nto life, and sal_u_ation, and increasing in yeers." But this -old-fashioned mode of spelling has long become obsolete: may the -substitution of _I_ for _J_ soon become the same. - - C. D. - -_Daniel de Foe._--A son of Daniel shines in Pope's _Dunciad_. Does the -following notice refer to a son of that son? It is extracted from an old -Wiltshire paper: - - "On the 2 Jan. 1771, two young men, John Clark and John Joseph De - Foe, said to be a grandson to the celebrated author of the _True - Born Englishman, &c._, were executed at Tyburn for robbing Mr. - F----, the banker, of a watch and a trifling sum of money on the - highway." - -And the writer then proceeds to moralise on the inequality of that code -of laws, which could visit with death the author of a burglary committed -on another man, who, by the failure of his bank, had recently produced -an unexampled scene of distress, in the ruin of many families, and was -yet suffered to go scatheless. - -My next notice, which is also extracted from a Wiltshire paper, is dated -1836. - - "In a street adjoining Hungerford Market, there is now living, 'to - fortune and to fame unknown,' the great-grandson of the author of - _Robinson Crusoe_. His trade is that of a carpenter, and he is - much respected in the neighbourhood. His father, a namesake of - this great progenitor, was for many years a creditable tradesman - in the old Hungerford Market." - -Has it ever been noticed by bibliographers that the _History of Robert -Drury_, which came out the year before _Robinson Crusoe_, may have had -an equal share with Alexander Selkirk's story in forming the basis of De -Foe's narrative? - - WILTONIENSIS. - -_English Surnames: Bolingbroke_ (Vol. v., p. 326.).--During a visit to -Bolingbroke, a village in Lincolnshire, the birth-place of Henry IV., -the rapidity of the little stream, so unusual in a county remarkable for -the sluggishness of its waters, suggested to me the probable origin of -the name, _bowling brook_; "bowling along," and "running at a bowling -pace," being not uncommon expressions. Here then, if we cannot meet with -"sermons in stones" amongst the few vestiges of the castle, and in the -church with its beautiful decorated windows, the heads of which are so -disgracefully blocked up with plaster, we may "find books in the running -brooks," and learn that "proud Bolingbroke" owed his appellation to this -insignificant babbling rivulet. - - C. T. - -_Waistcoats worn by Women._--Now that we hear no more of Bloomerism, a -feeble attempt has been made to introduce a spurious scion of the -defunct nuisance, almost as masculine, and to the full as ugly. I have -but little fear of its gaining ground, having full confidence in the -good taste of our countrywomen: but it will be curious to see what our -ancestors of the seventeenth century thought of the wearers of the -aforesaid garment. Vide the Glossary to Beaumont and Fletcher's _Works_: - - "WAISTCOATEERS. Strumpets; a kind of waistcoat was peculiar to - that class of females." - -Verbum non amplius addam. - - W. J. BERNHARD SMITH. - - Temple. - -_"Thirty Days hath September," &c. (Antiquity of)._--Professor De -Morgan, in his useful List of Works on Arithmetic, published in 1847, -enters one, under the date 1596, with the following title: "_The Pathway -to Knowledge_, written in Dutch, and translated into English by W. P., -4to." To this he notes: - - "The translator gives the following verses, which are now well - known. I suspect he is the author of them, having never seen them - at an earlier date. Mr. Halliwell, who is more likely than myself - to have found them if they existed very early, names no version of - them earlier than 1635:-- - - "'Thirtie daies hath September, Aprill, June and November, - Febuarie eight and twentie alone, all the rest thirtie and one.'" - -Now it seems to me noteworthy to be recorded in your pages, that these -lines, so familiar to us all from childhood, appear in a more complete -shape in Harrison's _Description of Britaine_ prefixed to the first -edition of Holinshed's _Chronicles of England, &c._, 1577, where at p. -119. the writer says: - - "Agayne touching the number of dayes in every moneth: - - "'_Junius, Aprilis, Septemq; Novemq; tricenos - Un[=u] plus reliqui, Februy tenet octo vicenos, - At si bissextus fuerit superadditur unus._' - - "'Thirty dayes hath November, - Aprill, June and September, - Twentie and eyght hath February alone, - And all the rest thirty and one, - But in the leape you must adde one.'" - - A. GRAYAN. - - -FOLK LORE. - -_The Frog._--In the north of Lincolnshire the sore mouth with which -babies are often troubled is called _the frog_. And it is a common -practice with mothers to hold a real live frog by one of its hind legs, -and allow it to sprawl about within the mouth of a child so afflicted. -Is the same remarkable custom known elsewhere? - -The disease is properly called _the thrush_, and bears some resemblance -to the disorder of the same name which affects _the frog_ of the horse's -foot. I wish someone would unravel this entanglement. - - W. S. - - North Lincolnshire. - -_An Oath in Court_ (Vol. iv., pp. 151. 214).--Some time since, a woman -refused to be sworn because she was in the family way. In _The Times_ of -the 5th March, a woman at Chelmsford is represented as having said: "I -swear this positively on the condition I am in, being about to become a -mother?" - -Can anybody explain these facts? - - A. C. - -_St. Clement's and St. Thomas's Day._--I wish to inquire what is -supposed to be the origin of begging apples, &c., on St. Clement's Day, -and money (formerly wheat) on St. Thomas's? There is hardly any trace -left of the former saint's day in this neighbourhood (Worcestershire, on -the border of Staffordshire), but I have had convincing proof _to-day_ -that St. Thomas is not forgotten, for we have had plenty of visitors, -_tomorrow_ being Sunday. - - T. GOLDSEER. - - Dec. 20. 1851. - - - - -Queries. - - -SPEAKER LENTHALL. - -In a biographical notice (MS.) of Speaker Lenthall by the Rev. Mark -Noble, I find the following passage: - - "His (Lenthall's) ancestor is mentioned in the will of Sir Richard - Williams _alias_ Cromwell. Sir Richard was the great-grandfather - of Oliver Lord Protector. There was always a friendship between - the family of Cromwell and that of Lenthall." - -Can any one versed in Cromwellian lore kindly inform me if any such will -is in existence; and if so, what is its date? I should be glad to know -too if there is any further authority for the statement in the text, -that there was _always_ a friendship between the Cromwells and -Lenthalls, assuming such friendship to have subsisted anterior to the -days of the Commonwealth. - -It is stated by Wood (_Athen. Oxon._, article LENTHALL), and repeated in -substance by Noble in his _Protectoral House of Cromwell_, that "two or -more" of the Speaker's son, Sir John Lenthall's speeches, "spoken in the -time of usurpation," are in print. Having hitherto failed in discovering -any trace of these speeches, I should greatly value any clue that may -direct me to them if still extant. On Noble's authority, when -unsupported, of course little reliance can be placed; but in any matter -of detail, or pure and simple fact, related by Wood, I have -considerable, though not altogether implicit, faith. - -In a brief and singularly inaccurate memoir of Lenthall, in the _Lives -of the Speakers_, lately published by Churton, the following passage -occurs: - - "We omitted to state in reference to Mr. Lenthall's strenuous - exertions in favour of the gallant Earl of Derby, that Mrs. - Cromwell, in one of her letters to the Protector, urges him to - endeavour to effect a reconciliation with the Speaker," &c. &c. - -As no authority is cited, I should be glad to learn where the letters of -Mrs. Cromwell thus referred to are to be found. Are they in print or -MS.? If any of your readers should be able to enlighten me in respect of -all or any of the above Queries, and would kindly do so either through -the medium of the Notes, or to my address as below, I should be greatly -obliged. - - F. KYFFIN LENTHALL. - - 36. Mount Street, Grosvenor Square. - - -NOTTE OF IMBERCOURT, SURREY. - -I find that Robert Roper, Esq., of Heanor Hall, co. Derby, married ... -daughter of William Nott, Esq., of Imbercourt, co. Surrey, and had -issue, with other children, Rebecca; married first Sir William Villiers, -Bart., of Brooksby, co. Leicester, elder brother of George Villiers, -Duke of Buckingham; and secondly Capt. Francis Cave of Ingarsby Hall, -co. Leicester. - -Can any one of your readers supply me with the Christian name of Robert -Roper's wife; and with the names of his other issue: also whether the -representation of this branch of the Roper family has devolved upon the -descendants of Rebecca Cave? I find in my mem. book a reference to -Dodsw. MSS. in _Bibl. Bodl._ 41. fol. 70., which I have no means of -consulting at present. - -I find that William Notte, with Elizabeth his wife, his father-in-law -and mother-in-law, are buried at Thames Ditton, co. Surrey. Manning and -Bray's _Surrey_, vol. i. p. 463., contains the following passage: - - "On a stone, or brass plates, are the portraits of a man kneeling - at a table, and of a woman: behind the man are three sons; behind - the woman, three daughters all kneeling, and underneath: - - "'Here under lyeth the bodies of Robert Smythe, Gent., and - Katheryn his wife, daughter to Sir Thomas Blount of Kinlett, - Knyght, which Robert dyed the 3rd daye of Sept. 1539, and the sayd - Katheryn dyed the x day of July, 1549.' - - "Below these, on the same stone, are also the portraits of a man - with fourteen sons behind him; and a woman with five daughters, - all kneeling; and underneath: - - "'Here under lyeth the bodies of William Notte, Esquyre, and - Elizabeth his wife, daughter to the above-named Robert Smyth, and - Katheryn his wyfe; whiche William dyed the 25th day of Nov. 1576, - and the sayd Elizabeth dyed the xv day of May, 1587.' - - "Above are the arms, Notte, on a bend between 3 leopards heads one - and two, 3 martlets; crest, an otter with a fish in his mouth in a - tussock of reeds.'" - -Can any one of your readers refer me to any notice or pedigree of this -family of Notte, who were lords of the manor of Imbercourt in the parish -of Thames Ditton? - -Can any one tell me to what family this Robert Smythe belonged? Was he -one of the Smythes of Ostenhanger in Kent? Was his wife Katheryne too -the daughter of Sir Thomas Blount by the daughter of Sir Richard Crofts -of Eldersfield? The History of the Croke family does not notice her -existence. And, lastly, would some one on the spot kindly inform me, -whether the above-mentioned brasses are still extant, and in -sufficiently perfect condition to admit of a rubbing being taken of -them? - - TEWARS. - - -Minor Queries. - -_Suffragan Bishops._--Can any of your readers favour me with information -in regard to any seals of suffragan bishops in England, besides that -which is engraved in the _Archaeologia_, vol. vii.? Any references or -notices on the subject of suffragans would be thankfully received, which -may not be included in the observations collected by Dr. Pegge. - - ALBERT WAY. - -_Poison._--I should feel much indebted to any of your correspondents who -will inform me what is the true etymon of this word--the strict meaning -of the term originally--and when first used in our language? - -However trifling this Query may at first sight appear, yet I am very -anxious to ascertain whether, originally, the term was applied -exclusively or principally to deadly agents operating on the body -_through the skin_, or an external wound, and not through the stomach? - -The Greek word Toxicon is rendered "_venenum_," quod barbarorum -_sagittae_ eo illinebantur (Vide Diosc. Lib. VI. cap. XX.) Again, Ios, -jaculum, sagitta. Item, _venenum_, quod serpentes et caetera animalia -venenata ejaculatur. Horace uses the words "_pus_ atque venenum," not to -express two different things, but merely to add force and point to his -satire; just as in like manner we read "crafts and subtleties" in the -Liturgy, or "a thief and a robber" in the Scripture. - -Now, is it not probable that our word "poison" takes its origin from -this "pus?" - - CARBO. - -_Dr. Elizabeth Blackwell._--In the _Critic_ of February 2, 1852, p. 78., -there is an excellent letter, written by a lady, in defence of female -doctors. In this letter Elizabeth Blackwell, M.D., is mentioned with -great respect. It appears, from the _Critic_ of January 15, p. 45., that -Dr. Elizabeth Blackwell is an American lady, and graduated in some -American university, and that she was received with distinguished marks -of attention both in London and Paris, and especially at St. -Bartholomew's Hospital. Can any of your correspondents favour us with a -biography of this lady, and state in what university, and when she -graduated? - - SOB. - -_Martha, Countess of Middleton._--In Worcester Cathedral is a marble -monument to the memory of "Martha[5], Countess of Middleton, who died -the 9th of February, 1705, aged 71." - -Can any of your readers inform me who this lady was? I have been unable -to find her name in any of the pedigrees within any reach. - - J. B. WHITBORNE. - - [Footnote 5: The name is _Dorothy_ in Valentine Green's _History - of Worcester_, vol. i. p. 149.--ED.] - -_Lord Lieutenant and Sheriff._--The latter officer, the sheriff, claims -precedency over the Queen's representative, the lord lieutenant, in the -county, whilst in office. It seems contrary to all reason, but will any -of your legal friends state upon what authority such precedence is -maintained; and in what instances they know that, when present, the lord -lieutenant has ranked below the sheriff? - - L. I. - -_Vikingr Skotar._--Mr. W. F. Skene, in his _Highlanders_, quotes _Ari -Froda_ or Arius Multiscius for the assertion, that the Hebrides were -occupied, on the departure of Harold Harfagr, "by Vikingr Skotar, a term -which is an exact translation of the appellation Gallgael" (vol. ii. p. -27.). That is true, on the assumption that _Vikingr_ is not Icelandic -for pirate, but only for Scandinavian pirate; which assumption I should -doubt. - -But I wish to be informed in what edition of _Ari Froda_, and at what -page thereof, the words Vikingr Skotar may be found. - - A. N. - -_The Abbot of Croyland's Motto._--Will you allow me to call MR. LOWER'S -attention to a passage in his _English Surnames_, vol. ii. p. 122., 3rd -edition, which he has passed over without comment, but which struck me -as requiring some editorial notice: - - "The motto of John Wells, last abbot of Croyland, engraved upon - his chair, which is still extant, is: - - "'Benedicite Fontes, Domine.' - "'Bless the Wells, O Lord!'" - -Reading "Domin_o_" for "Domin_e_" would make the first line of this -inscription plain enough, as a quotation from the canticle "Benedicite, -omnia opera;" but what are we to think of the second line? Could not the -worthy abbot have given the pun upon his name in English, without using -those particular words, or placing them in such a position that they -actually _look_ as if they were intended as a translation, word for -word, of their Latin companions, in defiance of all the laws of grammar? - - C. FORBES. - - Temple. - -_Apple Sauce with Pork._--Why and when was the custom of eating apple -sauce with pork first introduced? - - BONIFACE. - -_Gipsies._--In Shinar, or the province of Babylon, are the mountains of -Singares, and the city and river of Singara. Have they anything to do -with the origin of Zingari, the Italian name for gipsies? - - L. M. M. R. - -_Breezes from Gas Works._--Why do secretaries to provincial gas -companies call small pieces of coke _breezes_; and why do they by -letters offer to sell "_breezes_ at tenpence _per sack_?" My residence -is not far distant from the works of one of these _Aeolian_ gas -companies; and when the wind is in the east, I inhale _breezes_ which my -senses tell me do not blow from "Araby the blest." - - X. Y. Z. - -_The Phrase "and tye."_--The clerk in a parish in the north-west part of -Sussex frequently makes use of an expression which I cannot -understand,--nay more, he is unable to explain it himself! The -expression is used by several of the old men in the parish, though by -none of them so often as by the clerk. "Well, master, how are ye -to-day?" He answers, "Middling, thanky'e _and tye_." He brings these two -words in at the end of most sentences. If you ask him whether there are -many people in the church, he will say, "Fairish number _and tye_;" or, -"No, not many _and tye_." - -Can any of your correspondents say if they have heard it elsewhere, or -tell the meaning of it? - - NEDLAM. - -_Stonehenge, a Pastoral, by John Speed._--Is any MS. of this dramatic -pastoral known to exist? It was acted, according to Wood, before the -President and Fellows of St. John's College, Oxford, in 1635. - - EDWARD F. RIMBAULT. - -"_Buro--Berto--Beriora._"--A gold ring was found in France, in the -province of Artois, between thirty and forty years ago, bearing the -following inscription: - - "buro + berto + beriora." - -The ring is of a proper size for a man's finger, is plain, and rounded -on the outside. The words are on the inner side, which is flat. They are -well engraved, and very distinct. The character is the black letter of -the fifteenth century. Perhaps, through the medium of "N. & Q.," a -satisfactory interpretation of the three words may be obtained, which -has been long sought in vain. - - A. F. A. W. - -_'Prentice Pillars._--"Deaths by Fasting," and "Genevra's Chest," have -reminded me of another tradition, no doubt equally groundless. It is -said by the vergers that one of the circular windows in the transepts of -Lincoln Minster was designed by an apprentice; and that the master, -mortified at being surpassed, put an end to his own existence. There is -another "'prentice window" at Melrose: a similar anecdote is connected -with two pillars in Roslyn Chapel. And there may have been many more of -these clever apprentices and foolish architects, but can one case be -substantiated? - - C. T. - -_Archer Rolls: Master of Archery._--In George Agar Hansard's _Book of -Archery_, 8vo. London, Longman and Orme, 1840, p. 151., it is stated -that "Her Gracious Majesty, Alexandrina Victoria" has her name inscribed -upon the _Archer Rolls_. Query, what are the Archer Rolls? - -It is further said: - - "That illustrious lady, in imitation of the warrior race of - monarchs from whom she springs, has given a proof of real British - feeling, by the appointment of a Master of Archery among her - household officers." - -I confess I can find no authority upon which this assertion is founded. -I have looked into the Calendar of the time, and have consulted officers -of the present household upon the existence of the office, without -success. - -I should be glad to ascertain the point, being engaged on a manuscript -concerning the practice of archery. - - TOXOPHILUS. - -_Witchcraft: Mrs. Hicks and her Daughter._--In the _Quarterly_ for March -1852, in the article on "Sir Roger de Coverley," mention is made of -"Mrs. Hicks and her daughter," who were executed at Huntingdon in 1716 -for "selling their souls to the devil, making their neighbour vomit -pins, and raising a storm by which a certain ship was _almost_ lost." I -would wish to know whether there is extant any account of this trial; I -do not mean of the _result_, but whether I can anywhere meet with any -account of the trial itself; of the judge before whom it was tried; the -evidence, especially as to the ship which was _almost_ lost; and whether -(what was observed upon in the answer of your correspondent H. B. C. to -some Queries about "Old Booty's Ghost") the time of the crime being -committed in Huntingdonshire, agrees with the position of the ship at -the moment. - - J. H. L. - - University Club. - -_Antony Hungerford._--In 4 Henry V. (1417) Sir Hugh Burnell, a -descendant of Robert Burnell, Bishop of Bath and Wells, and Lord -Chancellor in the reign of Edward I., entered into articles of agreement -with Sir Walter Hungerford (through the King's mediation by letters) for -the marriage of Margery, one of Sir Hugh's grandchildren, to Edmund -Hungerford, son of Sir Walter. There was issue of this marriage, as I -find by a fine levied by Antony Hungerford in the 32nd of Henry VIII.; -but any further information respecting this family I am not able to meet -with. If any of your correspondents can assist me in my inquiries I -shall feel much obliged. - - W. H. HART. - - New Cross, Hatcham. - -_Rev. William Dawson._--Can any of the readers of "N. & Q." favour me -with some particulars regarding the ancestry of the Rev. William Dawson, -minister of the Gospel at Newcastle-upon-Tyne, who was appointed -Professor of Hebrew and other Oriental languages in the University of -Edinburgh in 1732? He is supposed to have been descended from the Irish -family of Cremorne. - - E. N. - -"_Up, Guards, and at them!_"--Is there authority for the "Up, Guards, -and at them!" traditionally put in the mouth of "the Duke" at Waterloo? -I have heard not. - - A. A. D. - -P.S. Is not the battle itself a myth? - -_St. Botolph._--I much wish some of the readers of "N. & Q." would refer -me to any authorities they may know of respecting St. Botolph? - -Private hints directed "A. B., Mr. Morton's, Publisher, Boston," will be -most thankfully received. - - A. B. - -_Rental of Arable Land in 1333._--In the year 1333, it appears from _The -Custom Book_, fol. 60., that the then Sheriff of Norfolk sent a copy of -the king's proclamation to the Bailiffs of Norwich, commanding them to -cause proclamation to be made in the city that "no man presume to take -more than 24_s._ for the best living ox fatted with grain, and if not -fatted with grain only 16_s._; the best fat cow 12_s._; the best fat -swine of two years old, only 4_s._; the best fat mutton unclipped, -20_d._; and if clipped, then 14_d._; a fat goose, 2_d._; two pullets, -1_d._; four pigeons, 1_d._; a good fat capon, 2_d._; a fat hen, 1_d._; -and twenty-four eggs, 1_d._" Can any of the readers of "N. & Q." inform -me what was the _then_ yearly (average) rental of an acre of arable -land, and the value per annum of an acre (average) of pasture? Also the -relative value of one shilling sterling, as compared with one shilling -at the present time? - - JOHN FAIRFAX FRANCKLIN. - - West Newton. - -_Dress shows the Man._--Can any of your correspondents inform me in what -Greek author [Greek: himation aner], "the dress shows the man," is to be -found? - - W. S. - - Richmond, Surrey. - -_Burnet (Gilbert)._--Can any of your readers help me to identify the -Gilbert Burnet, whose correspondence with Professor Francis Hutcheson on -the Foundation of Virtue was published, first in _The London Journal_, -and afterwards in a separate pamphlet, in 1735? Was he Gilbert son of -Bishop Burnet, or was he the vicar of Coggeshall, who abridged the -_Boyle Lectures_; or was he a third Gilbert Burnet, in addition to the -other two? - - TYRO. - - Dublin. - -_Where was Cromwell buried?_--It has been the belief of many that the -burial at Westminster Abbey was a mock ceremony, that in case a change -in the ruling powers should take place, his remains were deposited in a -place of greater security, and that the spot selected for his grave was -the field of Naseby. The author of _The Compleat History of England_ -speaks of a "Mr. Barkstead, the regicide's son," as being ready to -depose-- - - "That the said Barkstead his father, being Lieutenant of the - Tower, and a great confident of Cromwell's, did, among other such - confidents, in the time of his illness, desire to know where he - would be buried; to which the Protector answered, 'where he had - obtained the greatest victory and glory, and as nigh the spot as - could be guessed where the heat of the action was, viz. in the - field at Naseby in com. Northampton.' That at midnight, soon after - his death, the body (being first embalmed and wrapt in a leaden - coffin) was in a hearse conveyed to the said field, Mr. Barkstead - himself attending, by order of his father, close to the hearse. - That being come to the field, they found about the midst of it a - grave dug about nine feet deep, with the green-sod carefully laid - on one side and the mould on the other, in which the coffin being - put, the grave was instantly filled up, and the green-sod laid - exactly flat upon it, care being taken that the surplus mould - should be clean removed. That soon after the like care was taken - that the ground should be ploughed up, and that it was sowed - successively with corn." - -The author further states that the deponent was about fifteen years old -at the time of Cromwell's death. - -Some seven or eight years ago I visited the field of Naseby, and whilst -there I met by accident with the aged clergyman of Naseby. Our -conversation naturally referred to the historical incident that had -given so much interest to the spot; and finally we spoke of this very -subject. I remember his telling me that he had collected some very -important memoranda relative to this matter, I think he said, "which -proved the arrival of his remains at _Huntingdon_, on their road -_elsewhere_." - -Has this subject been properly investigated? and has any research been -made which has led to a satisfactory decision of the question? - - A. B. - - Islington. - - -Minor Queries Answered. - -_Knollys Family._--QUAERENS would be glad to know whether any of the -Knollys family, claimants of the earldom of Banbury, married either an -_Etheridge_ or a _Blackwell_? - -Also, especially, who were the wives of Major-General William Knollys, -calling himself eighth Earl of Banbury, and of his father, Thomas Woods -Knollys, calling himself seventh earl. - - [Thos. Woods Knollys, called Earl of Banbury (father of the last - claimant to the Earldom of Banbury), married Mary, daughter of - William Porter of Winchester, attorney-at-law; he died the 18th - March, 1793; and she, 23rd March, 1798. - - Their eldest son, William Knollys, called in his father's lifetime - Viscount Wallingford, and afterwards Earl of Banbury, married - ----, daughter of Ebenezer Blackwell.] - -_Emblematical Halfpenny._--I enclose a rude drawing of a halfpenny, and -should be glad to be favoured with a more detailed account of its -emblematical import than I at present possess. It is thus described in -Conder's _Provincial Coins_, Ipswich, 1798, p. 213.: - - "A square of daggers, the word 'fire' at each corner, a foot in - the middle, under it the word 'honor;' over it 'France,' and the - word 'throne' bottom upwards; on one side 'glory' defaced, on the - other 'religion' divided. 'A Map of France,' 1794." - -On reverse, in a radiation, "May Great Britain ever remain the reverse," -encircled with an open wreath of oak. Engrailed. - - PETROPROMONTORIENSIS. - - [The types here described appear to explain themselves. That of - the obverse is clearly emblematical of the then state of France, - with France surrounded by fire and sword, honour trodden under - foot, the throne overturned, religion shattered, and glory - defaced; while the reverse expresses a very natural wish.] - -_National Proverbs._--Will any of your correspondents refer me to any -collections of proverbs of different nations, or to writers who may have -given lists of those of any particular people, either ancient or modern? - - SIGMA. - - [To answer our correspondent fully would fill an entire Number of - "N. & Q." We had thought of giving him a list of the best - collections of the proverbs of different nations, as Le Roux de - Lincy's _Livre des Proverbes Francais_; Korte's _Die Sprichwoerter - und Sprichwoertlichen Redensarten der Deutschen_; but we shall be - doing him better service by referring him to two books, in which - we think he will find all the information of which he is in - search; viz., 1. Nopitsch, _Literatur der Sprichwoerter_; and 2. - Duplessis, _Bibliographie Paremiologique. Etudes Bibliographiques - et Literaires sur les Ouvrages, Fragmens d'Ouvrages et Opuscules - specialement consacres aux Proverbes dans toutes les langues_.] - -_Heraldic Query._--An armiger had two wives, and issue by both: by the -first, sons; by the second, who was an _heiress_, daughters only. Have -the descendants of the second marriage right to quarter the ancestor's -arms, male issue of the first marriage still surviving? It would seem -that they have, as otherwise the arms of the heiress' family cannot be -transmitted to her posterity, nor the heraldic representation carried -on. - - G. A. C. - - [The daughter of armiger by his second wife would of course - quarter her mother's arms with those of her father. In case of the - daughter marrying and having issue, such issue, to show that the - grandmother was an heiress, would, with their paternal crest, - quarter those of the grandmother, placing the arms of armiger on a - canton.] - -_Chantrey's Marble Children._--I have just had placed before me a -memorandum to the effect that "there is at Leyden the perfect and -undoubted original of Chantrey's celebrated figures of the children at -Lichfield." The reference is to Poynder's _Literary Extracts_, Second -Series, p. 63. As I have not seen the book, and have no access to it, -will some correspondent of "N. & Q." inform me whether the foregoing -passage contains the whole of Poynder's statement; or otherwise afford -any information relative to its origin? I need scarcely add, that the -reputation of the great English sculptor is nowise involved in the issue -of the question. - - D. - - [We subjoin the whole of Mr. Poynder's article, which is signed - "Miscellaneous:"--"There is at Leyden the perfect and undoubted - original of Chantrey's celebrated figures of the children at - Lichfield; and on a friend of the writer mentioning the - circumstance to that artist, he did not deny the fact. The figures - form the foreground of a celebrated painting in the Town-hall, - commemorating the heroic conduct of a former defender of that - city, when it was reduced by famine to the greatest extremities. - On this occasion the citizens are represented as earnestly - importuning the governor to surrender, and representing their - deplorable condition from the effects of the siege. Many dying - figures are introduced into the painting, and among them the - children in question are seen locked in each other's arms, - precisely as in the sculpture at Lichfield. The story proceeds to - relate, that the commander declared he would never surrender the - city; and added, that whether his fellow-citizens chose to hang - him, or throw him into the dyke, he was determined never to open - the gates to such a monster as the Duke of Alva. It is further - stated, that the providential relief of the city by some troops of - his own side rewarded his courage."] - -_Autobiography of Timour._--In 1785, _Institutes, Political and -Military, of the Emperor Timour_ (incorrectly called Tamerlane), were -published at Calcutta, printed by Daniel Stuart. This work, which may -more properly be named autobiographical memoranda, written by Timour, -was composed by him originally in the Turkish language, and translated -by Abu Taulib Alhusseini into Persian, and by Major Davy into English, -to which Dr. Joseph White, of Oxford, added notes; and other matter was -affixed by a person whose name is not given. The rules for carrying to a -successful result great enterprises are profound and dignified, and the -enterprises extraordinary and interesting, though only given in outline. -This part ends with the capture of Bagdat (_d_?). I wish to know if -there exists an accredited translation from the original by Timour in -the Turkish, and of what more this extraordinary work consists; and if -any part, or all, has ever been printed in England, or in any European -language? - - AEGROTUS. - - [In the year 1787, the late Professor Langles of Paris published a - French translation of the _Institutes_, under the title of - _Instituts Politiques et Militaires de Tamerlane, proprement - appelle Timour, ecrits par lui-meme en Mogol, et traduits en - Francois sur la version Persane d'Abou Taleb al Hosseini, avec la - Vie de ce Conquerant_, &c. And in 1830 another English translation - was published by Major Charles Stewart, late Professor of Oriental - Languages in Hon. E. I. Company's College, entitled, _The - Mulfuz[=a]t Tim[=u]r, or Autobiographical Memoirs of the Moghul - Emperor Tim[=u]r_. In the Preface to this edition our - correspondent will find an interesting bibliographical account of - the work and its various translations.] - - - - -Replies. - - -THE EARL OF ERROLL. - -(Vol. v., p. 297.) - -I am somewhat of opinion that your correspondent PETROPROMONTORIENSIS is -correct, about this nobleman being by _birth_ the first subject in -Scotland, only he has apparently omitted the word "hereditary" before -those of Great Constable of Scotland, or Lord High Constable of -Scotland. Indeed, some writers make him _by birth_, not only the first -subject in Scotland, but also in England. Dr. Anderson, the learned and -laborious editor of _The Bee_, at p. 306. of vol. v. of that -publication, in the article on James, Earl of Erroll, who died 3rd June, -1778, says: - - "As to rank, in his lordship's person were united the honours of - Livingston, Kilmarnock, and Erroll. As hereditary High Constable - of Scotland, Lord Erroll is _by birth_ the first subject in Great - Britain, after the blood royal, and, as such, had a right to take - place of every hereditary honour. The Lord Chancellor, and the - Lord High Constable of England, do indeed take precedence of him, - but these are only temporary honours which no man can lay claim to - _by birth_; so that, _by birth_, Lord Erroll ranks, without a - doubt, as the first subject of Great Britain, next after the - Princes of the blood royal." - -It would appear that the personal appearance of Earl James was in good -keeping with his high rank. He was accounted the handsomest man in -Britain, and at the coronation of George III. he attended in his robes, -and by accident neglected to take off his cap when the king entered. He -apologised for his negligence in the most respectful manner; but his -majesty, with great complacency, entreated him to be covered, as he -looked upon his presence at the solemnity as a very particular honour. - -The Earl of Erroll's charter of appointment to this high office, is -dated at Cambuskenneth, 12th November, anno 1316; and is still preserved -in the charter room of the family seat, Slains Castle, Cruden, -Aberdeenshire. The youthful inheritor of this high office is the Right -Honourable William Harry, Earl of Erroll, Baron Hay of Slains, Baron -Kilmarnock of Kilmarnock, in the county of Ayr, Captain in the Rifle -Brigade, born in 1823, succeeded his father, seventeenth Earl, in 1846. - - INVERURIENSIS. - - -GENERAL WOLFE. - -(Vol. iv., p. 438.; Vol. v., p. 185., &c.) - -Although not affording answers to the Queries in Vol. iv., p. 438. _et -infra_, the following may not be uninteresting to your correspondent. -There is much concerning Wolfe in the _Historical Journal of Campaigns -in North America_, by Captain Knox, dedicated by permission to Sir -Jeffery Amherst, who commanded that part of the expedition against -Canada which, striking on the lower end of Lake Ontario, descended the -St. Lawrence to Montreal, whilst Wolfe, ascending the river, operated -against Quebec. Thus it appears that General and Sir Jeffery Amherst -were one and the same person. The frontispiece to the 1st vol. is a -portrait of General Amherst, that of vol. 2nd is a portrait of General -Wolfe; both so characteristic, that I should presume they are -likenesses, although no authority is given. - -In 1828, I saw at Quebec the man who attended Wolfe as orderly-serjeant -on the day of his death; and what may be considered a curious -coincidence was, that he bore the same name as Wolfe's mother, viz. -Thompson. Mr. Thompson was a very respectable and much-respected old -man; and, I believe, was occasionally a guest at the Governor's table. -He had a son in the Commissariat department, who is no doubt in -possession of all his father knew concerning Wolfe. - -According to Mr. Thompson, Wolfe always addressed his men "brother -soldiers;" and their pet-name for him was, "The little red-haired -corporal." Thompson was not the only remnant of Wolfe's army in 1828, as -appears by the following:-- - - "General Orders, Head Quarters, Quebec, 7th Aug. 1828. - - "1. The Commander of the Forces is pleased to authorise the - payment of a pension, at the rate of 1_s._ per diem from 25th May - last, to Robert Simpson, a veteran, now ninety-six years of age, - who fought on the plains of Abraham under Gen. Wolfe," &c. &c. - -On the 12th Jan. 1829, died at Kingston, U. C., John Gray of -Argyleshire, N. B., aged ninety-six. He had served at Louisburg, Quebec, -&c. &c. under Sir Jeffery Amherst and General Wolfe. - - A. C. M. - - Exeter. - -I send the following extracts from the newspapers respecting Wolfe, -scarcely knowing whether it may be worth while. Such as they are, they -are at your service:-- - - "Hoc ultimum opus virtutis edens in victoria coesus." - - "To the highest military merit undoubtedly belongs the highest - applause, but setting aside the froth of panegyrick-- - - "Who formed the 20th regt. of foot, exemplary in the field of - Minden, only by practising what was familiar to them? - - "Who at Rochefort offered to make a good landing, not asking how - many were the French, but where are they? - - "Who, second then in command, was second to none in those - laborious dangers which reduced Louisburgh? - - "Who wrote like Caesar from before Quebec? - - "Who, like Epaminondas, died in victory? - - "Who never gave his country cause of complaint except by his - death? - - "Who bequeathed Canada as a triumphant legacy? - - "Proclaim, 'twas WOLFE!"--_Newcastle Courant_, Oct. 27, 1759. - - "The late brave General Wolfe was to have been married on his - return to England to a sister of Sir James Lowther, a young lady - whose immense fortune is her least recommendation. She had shown - so much uneasiness at the thoughts of his making his campaign in - America, that nothing but the call of honour could have prevailed - with him to accept of that command in the discharge of which he - fell so gloriously."--_N. C. Journal_, 1759. - - "His mother is, we hear, so much afflicted for the loss of her son - that 'tis feared she will never get the better of her disorders. - The inhabitants in her neighbourhood sympathised with her so much - that they did not make any public rejoicings, lest it should add - to her grief. Even the mob of London discovered by their behaviour - the night of the illuminations for the victory, what they felt for - so brave a man. - - "_They_ mourn Quebec; for Wolfe _our_ sorrows flow; - Victors and vanquish'd felt the twofold blow. - To both perpetual let each loss remain; - If Quebec be restored, Wolfe fell in vain." - - _Newcastle paper_, 1759. - - E. H. A. - -You have lately published some inquiries relative to Wolfe's early -career. Is the following fact worth stating? Tradition points to an old -house, once an inn, at the back of the Town-hall at Devizes, where the -young officer resided while enlisting soldiers into his regiment. - - WILTONIENSIS. - - -JAMES WILSON, M.D. - -(Vol. v., pp. 276. 329.) - -This writer will be one instance of the use of such an organ of inquiry -as "N. & Q." MR. CORNEY'S reply to my Query reminds me of Wilson's -_History of Navigation_, with which I have long been acquainted: but I -had quite forgotten, or perhaps never remarked, that this Wilson was -_James_, and _M.D._ Baron Maseres reprinted the _History of Navigation_ -in the fourth volume of the _Scriptores Logarithmici_: it is an -elaborate summary, of wide research, and puts the author's learning and -judgment beyond a doubt. Maseres, in his Preface, gives a mention of -Wilson, and, in addition to the facts now brought out, states, in his -own curiously explicit style, that Dr. Pemberton's _Epistola ad Amicum -J. W. de Cotesii inventis_, "was addressed to this Dr. James Wilson, who -was the person meant by the word _Amicum_, with the two letters _J. W._, -which were the initial letters of his name." I happen to possess Brook -Taylor's copy of this _Epistola_ (4to. 1722), and its Supplement (4to. -1723), in which Taylor has written, "E libris Br. Taylor, ex dono eximii -paris amicorum, autoris D. H. Pemberton atque editoris D. J. Wilson." -Thus it is established that the author of the dissertation on the -fluxional controversy appended to Robins's tracts, lived in friendship -with some of the most distinguished parties to that quarrel. It is also -established that he was fully conversant with the mathematics of the -day; for Pemberton's letter, called out by Wilson's own queries, could -have been read by none but a previous reader of Cotes and the highest -fluxionists. As to Wilson's age, he says (Robins's _Math. Tr._, vol. ii. -p. 299.) he was a fellow-student of Pemberton at Paris: the latter was -born in 1694, and the former was probably of nearly the same age. They -were close friends to the end of their lives, and Wilson published -Pemberton's _Course of Chemistry_, delivered at Gresham College, 8vo. -1771, according to Hutton and Watt. These last-named authorities both -attribute to Pemberton himself the dissertation on the fluxional -controversy in Robins's _Tracts_: but it certainly has Wilson's name to -it; or rather, it is said to be by the _publisher_ (which we now call -_editor_) of the volumes. It is very likely that Pemberton gave help: -assuredly he must have been consulted by his intimate friend on facts -the truth of which was within his own knowledge. Accordingly, the -following assertions, made by Wilson, are not to be lightly passed over: -first (which also Robins assumes again and again), that _Newton_ wrote -the anonymous account of the _Commercium Epistolicum_ (_Phil. Trans._, -No. 342.) usually attributed to Keill, which, in Latin, forms the -Preface to the second edition of that work. Secondly, that Newton wrote -the criticism on John Bernoulli's letter at the end of the second -edition. Thirdly, that Newton himself, and not Pemberton, omitted the -celebrated Scholium from the third edition of the _Principia_. Montucla, -in the second edition (1802, vol. iii. p. 108) of his _History of -Mathematics_, gives statements on these points from a private source, to -the effect that the notes of the original edition of the _Comm. Epist._ -were Newton's, and that the informant had seen the matter which was -substituted for the Scholium, in Newton's handwriting, among the -proof-sheets preserved by Pemberton. If Wilson were the informant, which -may have been, for Montucla's first edition was published in 1758, -Montucla must have confounded the two editions of the _Comm. Epist._ If -not, it must have been some one who did not draw his account from the -dissertation, in which there is nothing about the proof-sheets. -Montucla, however, has lowered the credit of his informant by making him -assert that the second edition of the _Principia_ was managed by Cotes -and Bentley, without communication with Newton. This, which all the -world knows to be untrue of the book, is true of the prefatory parts; -and Wilson gives an account of Newton's dissatisfaction with those -parts. If Wilson were the informant, Montucla has again misunderstood -him. - - A. DE MORGAN. - - -OLIVER CROMWELL.--THE "WHALE" AND THE "STORM" IN 1658. - -(Vol. iii., p. 207.) - -B. B. may see, in the British Museum library, a tract of four leaves -only, the title of which I will transcribe: - - "London's Wonder. Being a most true and positive relation of the - taking and killing of a great Whale neer to Greenwich; the said - Whale being fifty-eight foot in length, twelve foot high, fourteen - foot broad, and two foot between the eyes. At whose death was used - Harping-irons, Spits, Swords, Guns, Bills, Axes, and Hatchets, and - all kind of sharp Instruments to kill her: and at last two Anchors - being struck fast into her body, she could not remoove them, but - the blood gush'd out of her body, as the water does out of a pump. - The report of which Whale hath caused many hundred of people both - by land and water to go and see her: the said Whale being slaine - hard by _Greenwich_ upon the third day of June this present yere - 1658, which is largely exprest in this following discourse. - _London, printed for Francis Grove, neere the Sarazen's head on - Snowhill, 1658._" - -Surely after reading the above, your sceptical correspondent can no -longer hesitate to accept as a matter of veritable fact this story so -_very_ like a whale. - -Evelyn, who lived near Greenwich, and was most probably one of the -wonder-struck spectators of the huge monster of the deep which had been -so rash as to visit our shores, notes in his _Diary_ under the -above-mentioned date-- - - "A large whale was taken betwixt my land butting on the Thames and - Greenwich, which drew an infinite concourse to see it by water, - horse, coach, and on foote, from London and all parts. It appear'd - first below Greenwich at low water, for at high water it would - have destroyed all ye boates; but lying now in shallow water - encompass'd with boates, after a long conflict it was kill'd with - a harping yron, struck in ye head, out of which spouted blood and - water by two tunnells, and after an horrid grone it ran quite on - shore and died. Its length was 58 foote, height 16; black skin'd - like coach leather, very small eyes, greate tail, onely 2 small - finns, a picked snout, and a mouth so wide that divers men might - have stood upright in it: no teeth, but suck'd the slime onely as - thro' a grate of that bone which we call whale-bone; the throate - yet so narrow as would not have admitted the least of fishes. The - extreames of the cetaceous bones hang downewards from the upper - jaw, and was hairy towards the ends and bottom within side: all of - it prodigious, but in nothing more wonderfull then that an animal - of so greate a bulk should be nourished onely by slime thro' those - grates." - -Having disposed of this matter, I shall now turn my attention to the -great storm that immediately preceded the death of that "arch rebell -Oliver Cromwell, cal'd Protector," which, be it remembered, took place -on Friday the 3rd of September, 1658. - - "Toss'd in a furious hurricane, - Did Oliver give up his reign." - -So saith the witty author of _Hudibras_; and to these lines his editor, -Grey, adds the note-- - - "At Oliver's death was a most furious tempest, such as had not - been known in the memory of man, or hardly ever recorded to have - been in this nation. (See Echard's _History of England_, vol. ii.) - Though most of our historians mention the hurricane at his death, - yet few take notice of the storm in the northern counties on that - day the House of Peers ordered the digging up his carcase with - other regicides. (See _Mercurius Publicus_, No. 51. p. 816.)" - -Cotemporaneous proof of the occurrence is afforded by S. Carrington in -prose, and by Edmund Waller in verse. - - "Nature itself," says Carrington, "did witness her grief some two - or three days before by an extraordinary tempest and violent gust - of weather, insomuch that it might have been supposed that herself - had been ready to dissolve ... all which is so lively set forth by - the quaintest wit of these times (E. Waller), who expresseth it - more elegantly and copiously than my rough prose can possibly - reach to." - - "_Upon the late Storm, and his Highness' Death ensuing - the same._[6] - - "We must resign; Heaven his great soul doth claim - In storms as loud as his immortal fame. - His dying groans, his last breath shakes our isle, - And trees uncut fall for his funeral pile; - About his palace their broad roots were tost - Into the air--so Romulus was lost. - New Rome in such a tempest mist their King, - And from obeying fell to worshipping. - - * * * * * - - "Nature herself took notice of his death, - And sighing swell'd the sea with such a breath, - That to remotest shores her billows rould, - The approaching fate of their great Ruler told." - - [Footnote 6: Vide _Three Poems upon the Death of his late - Highnesse Oliver, Lord Protector_, written by Waller, Dryden, and - Sprat. 4to. London, 1659.] - -The ensuing night, Carrington adds, was serene and peaceful. (See his -_Life of Cromwell_, 1659, p. 223.) Ludlow, in his Memoirs, also notices -the storm. On the afternoon of Monday, August 30, he set out for London. -He says: - - "On the Monday afternoon I set forward on my journey (from Essex); - the morning proving so tempestuous that the horses were not able - to draw against it; so that I could reach no further than Epping - that night. By this means I arrived not at Westminster till - Tuesday about noon." - - A. GRAYAN. - - -AUTHENTICATED INSTANCES OF LONGEVITY. - -(Vol. v., pp. 178. 296.) - -O. C. D. has avowed himself incredulous as to the reality of the -reported remarkable ages of the old Countess of Desmond, Jenkins, Parr, -&c., and he suggests that there should be unquestionable evidence of -such extraordinary deviations from the usual course of human life before -we credit them. I confess myself of the same way of thinking; and -perhaps my doubts have been strengthened from the circumstance, that, -although the longevity of members of the Society of Friends is well -known at the insurance offices, I do not recollect an instance of any -one attaining one hundred years in the United Kingdom. Upwards of ninety -is not uncommon, from eighty to ninety common; and more than one-third -of the whole deaths are from seventy upwards. There was a -well-authenticated instance of a "Friend" in Virginia, named William -Porter, who attained one hundred and seven years, who could hoe Indian -corn a year previous to his death; but it was considered a rare -occurrence in America. - -As some of the readers of "N. & Q." may be curious in such matters, the -following is an accurate statement of the ages at the time of death of -members of the Society of Friends in the past two years. The extra -number of females arises from the greater number of males who leave the -society, or are excommunicated or emigrate. The average duration of life -in these two years appears about 52 years 6 months 4 days. The number of -members in the society in the United Kingdom is computed at 19,000 or -20,000. In America they are far more numerous. - - _Deaths in the Society of Friends in 1849-1850, - 1850-51._ - - Males. Females. - Under 5 Years 33 27 - From 5 to 10 5 13 - " 10-15 1 3 - " 15-20 11 11 - " 20-30 21 16 - " 30-40 16 24 - " 40-50 18 24 - " 50-60 31 38 - " 60-70 44 54 - " 70-80 64 84 - " 80-90 38 37 - " 90 upwards 4 7 - --- --- - 286 338 - - A MEMBER OF THE SOCIETY OF FRIENDS. - -I noticed, within the last week, the following inscription on a -tombstone in Conway churchyard: - - "Also, Here Lieth the Body of - Lowry Owens, the wife of - William Vaughan, who - died May the 1st, 1766, - aged 192." - -The round of the "9" was above the line; the figures were in their -natural places, and had evidently not been altered; but as the -inscription was remarkably clear for its age, the only explanation that -occurred to me was that it had been recut by some ignorant person, when -nearly defaced. Immediately above it was the following, referring, I -presume, to her husband: - - "Here Lyeth ye Body of - William Vaughan, who - Dyed ye 16 day of A Pril, - 1735, aged 72." - -If so, and the age of Mrs. Vaughan be correct as stated, she must have -been nearly a hundred or so when married. Can any of your correspondents -living in the neighbourhood explain how the mistake arose? - - AGMOND. - - 59. Catherine Street, Liverpool. - - -Replies to Minor Queries. - -_Haberdascher.--Hurrer_ (Vol. v., p. 137.).--Precision is of great -importance in investigating the meaning of our ancient technical terms. - -_Haberdascher_ was, I apprehend, the _generic_ name of dealers in small -wares. Hats and caps were formerley called _hures_ and _howves_ or -_houfes_; and when haberdashers dealt in such articles they were _pro -tanto hurrers_. But as early as the time of Edward I. there were traders -called hatters, who were not haberdashers; and at a later period, when -the term hurrer was obsolete, there were "haberdashers of hats." In the -reign of Edw. IV. a curious petition was presented to Parliament, which -is not unworthy of being put upon your Notes. It sets forth-- - - "That whereas huers, bonnets, and cappes, as well single as - double, were wont to be truly made, wrought, fulled, and thickked - by the might and strength of men, that is to say, with hand and - foot; and they that have so made, wrought, fulled, and thickked - such huers, bonnets, and cappes, have well and honestly afore this - gotten their living thereby, and thereupon kept apprentices, - servants, and good household. It is so that there is a subtile - mean found now of late, by reason of a Fullyng Mille, whereby more - cappes may be fulled and thickked in one day than by the might and - strength of four score men by hand and foot may be fulled and - thickked in the same day: the which huers, bonnets, and cappes, so - fulled and thickked by such mill, are bruised, broken, and - deceivably wrought, and cannot by the mean of any mill be truly - made." - -The petitioners conclude by praying Parliament to impose heavy penalties -upon all who use the fulling mill, or who sell huers, hats, or bonnets -that have been "fulled or thickked" by means of any such mill. So early -did the antagonism between hand-labour and machinery prevail. - -I doubt whether the more ancient name of _haberdasher_ were _milainer_. -There were _haberdashers_ at York in the time of Edward III., but no -_milliners_. In 1372 the _haberdashers_ of London were separated from -the _hurrers_, with whom they had been previously associated. I should -be glad to have a reference to the use of the term _milainer_, as -applied to traders of any sort prior to the reign of Edward III. - -I should also be obliged to any of your correspondents who will tell me -what was the description of trade or business carried on by _uphalders_ -in former times. - - [Greek: D.] - -_Cou-bache_ (Vol. v., p. 131.).--In Halliwell's _Archaic Dictionary_ the -word _balk_ is interpreted, "a ridge of greensward left by the plough in -ploughing, or by design, between the different occupancies in a common -field." This is exactly the meaning of the word as it is commonly used -in Yorkshire at this day; but in a Yorkshire village with which I am -acquainted, we have the very phrase of the _Golden Legend_, -"_cou-bache_," (pronounced _skoo-bauk_, the prefix _s_ being a not -infrequent corruption), as the name of a wide grassy road between -thorn-hedges, upon the verbage of which the milch cows of the villages -are pastured. This seems to be just the sort of place described in the -legend as the scene of Kenelm's murder. I need not add, that it is not -unusual to find pure Anglo-Saxon words retained in the rural dialects of -Yorkshire. - - [Greek: D.] - -_Meaning of Groom.--M. F. Barriere_ (Vol. v., p. 347.)--Having some -reason to doubt the high editorial authority attributed to M. Barriere -by J. R. (Cork), I would request your ingenious correspondent to favour -us with references to one or two (or more, if not too troublesome) of -the "_frequent cases_" in which the _Quarterly Review_ adopts M. -Barriere's statements. - -The filthy _espieglerie_ related by that very suspicious authority St. -Simon, of the Duchess of Burgundy, already sufficiently _incredible_, is -rendered _impossible_ in J. R.'s version of "_administered to herself_." -St. Simon supposes no such legerdemain. - -The _Groom of the Stole_ is the first lord of the King's bed-chamber; -under a Queen the equivalent office and title is _Mistress of the -Robes_. - - C. - -_Grinning like a Cheshire Cat_ (Vol. ii., pp. 377, 412.).--In one of -your early Numbers I have seen some Queries respecting the phrase -"Grinning like a Cheshire Cat." I remember to have heard many years ago, -that it owes its origin to the unhappy attempts of a sign painter of -that county to represent a lion rampant, which was the crest of an -influential family, on the sign-boards of many of the inns. The -resemblance of these _lions_ to _cats_ caused them to be generally -called by the more ignoble name. A similar case is to be found in the -village of Charlton, between Pewsey and Devizes, Wiltshire. A -public-house by the roadside is commonly known by the name of _The Cat -at Charlton_. The sign of the house was originally a lion or tiger, or -some such animal, the crest of the family of, I believe, Sir Edward -Poore. - - H. - -_Mallet's Death and Burial_ (Vol. v., p. 319.).--I am _now_ able to -answer a Query which I lately sent to you. David Mallet died in George -Street, Hanover Square, and was buried in the burial-ground of -Grosvenor Chapel, South Audley Street. - -Can any of your readers tell me when and where Mrs. Mallet, his widow, -died? Who was T. C., the writer of a letter in the _Gentlemen's -Magazine_, vol. lxii. pt. 1. p. 100. - - F. - -_Town-halls_ (Vol. v., p. 295.).--MR. J. H. PARKER, in his Query -respecting old town-halls, mentions the Town-hall of Weobly, in -Herefordshire, as an early example of timber-work. Similar examples -exist at Hereford, Ross, Ledbury, and Leominster, in the same country. -These buildings are all constructed upon the same plan, viz. a large -oblong room supported on wooden pillars; so that there is an open -covered space beneath, which is used for the purposes of a market. With -respect to the age of these buildings I can give no information; but -something might doubtless be determined, partly by records, and partly -by the internal evidence of the style of construction. - - L. - -In reply to MR. J. H. PARKER'S Query about Town-halls, I beg to say that -in Leicester there are still standing a Guildhall (part of which is -undoubtedly of a date as early as the middle of the fourteenth century) -and a County Hall, called "The Castle," similar to the old building at -Oakham. The foundation-walls of the latter are parts of the original -fabric, and one of the windows is clearly of the Transition period. - - JAYTEE. - -_Whiting's Watch_ (Vol. iii., p. 352.).--On reading this you may -exclaim, "Quae regio in terris nostri non plena laboris." Before this -note reaches you, I may have been anticipated; but I will venture it, if -only to show that your delightful publication extends its charms even to -the "benighted." - -I wish to inform C. O. S. M., in furtherance of his Query, that -Whiting's watch is included in Thorpe's (178. Piccadilly) _Catalogue_ -for 1843, No. 689, and is there given as from the collection of the late -Duke of Sussex, who obtained it from the Rev. John Bowen. - - B. C. - - Madras, March 13. - -_The Birthplace of St. Patrick_ (Vol. v., p. 344.) is fully discussed by -DR. ROCK at the end of a small work entitled _Did the Early Church in -Ireland acknowledge the Pope's Supremacy?_ Perhaps CEYREP may think his -question met by the authorities set forth in the above-named book. - - BRITO. - -_Family of Grey_ (Vol. v., p. 298.).--I am much obliged by the answer to -part of my Query; but I should be very glad to know the _name_ of the -lady Thomas, second brother of the Marquis of Dorset, married, and who -was mother by him of Margaret, wife of John Astley[7], Master of the -Jewels to Queen Elizabeth. - - [Footnote 7: Query, not Ashley.] - - C. DE D. - -_Edward Bagshaw_ (Vol. v., p. 298.).--W. B. inquires whether Sir Edward -Bagshaw, of Finglas, left other children besides two daughters; which -two he describes as married to Ryves and Burroughs respectively? and -whether Castle-Bagshaw, in the co. Cavan, took its name from this branch -of the family, with any other information concerning this Sir Edward? - -I have looked into my Cavan MS. Collections, and I find from them that -Sir Edward Bagshaw had been, so far as I can at present see, an -adventurer of Cromwell's introduction, debentured on lands of Cavan, -viz. Callaghan, Tirgromley, Derrychill, Timhowragh, and seventeen other -denominations, which were thereupon erected into the manor of -Castlebagshaw, and whereon he built a castle: such I _suppose_ the -origin of the manor and castle. It is more certain, and indeed on proof -before me, that he had one daughter named Anne, and married before 1654 -to _Thomas Richardson_, of Dublin, Esq., who, having paid 600_l._ to Sir -Edward, he, for that consideration, and for the marriage, granted all -the premises to Richardson in fee, who assigned them in 1661 to four -different persons. One of these assignees was Ambrose Bedell, a son of -the celebrated William Bedell, Bishop of Kilmore and Ardagh. Sir Edward -Bagshaw died about 1661, possibly just previous to this partition. His -latter days were I think passed at Finglas, in the description of which -locality, in my _History of the Co. Dublin_, I find this apposite notice -(p. 371.): "Under the communion table are flat tombstones of very -ancient date, _to the families of Bagshaw and Ryves_;" but their -position precluded my decyphering their evidence. Of the family of -Bagshaw I have in my Genealogical Collections various notices, as well -in this country as in Derbyshire and Staffordshire. - - JOHN D'ALTON. - - 48. Sumner Hill, Dublin. - -_White Livers_ (Vol. v., pp. 127. 212.).--Dissen interprets the [Greek: -leukai phrenes] of Pindar (Part IV. 194.), pale with envy, envious; alii -aliter. Whatever be the exact meaning of this debated phrase, the idea -at the ground of it appears the same as that in the modern "white -liver." According to Homer, it will be remembered, [Greek: phrenes -epar echousin]. (_Od._ ix. 301.) - - A. A. D. - - [SIGMA refers our correspondent to Ryan's _Medical Jurisprudence_, - and Elliotson's _Physiology_, for a medical explanation of the - phrase--not quite suited to our pages.--ED.] - -_Miniature of Cromwell_ (Vol. v., p. 189.).--Miniatures of Oliver -Cromwell do not appear to be very rare. At least, in addition to those -which have been noted in your columns, I may state that I picked up at -Stockholm, a few years ago, a very well-executed miniature of the -Regicide, which was in all probability brought to Sweden by his -ambassador Whitlock. The miniature is very small, is protected by a -thick glass, and is framed in an ornamented, richly gilt, copper frame. -It is, I think, painted in ivory, and is backed by a gilt copper plate, -on which is engraved, in characters apparently of the period, "_Ol, -Cromwall_, Anno 1684." The accent over the _a_ renders it probable that -setting and inscription are foreign. The painting itself gives the -features of Cromwell very exactly, and represents him in plain armour, -with a plain falling collar round the neck, and long flowing hair. - - G. J. R. G. - -_Sleck Stone, Meaning of_ (Vol. v., p. 140.).--I have just found a -passage in Burton's _Anatomy of Melancholy_ which proves that R. C. H. -was correct in the remarks he made on these words, viz. that they ought -to have been printed _sleek-stone_, and that they were the name of an -instrument used for _smoothing_ or _polishing_, and not for -_sharpening_: - - "The ebon stone which goldsmiths use to sleeken their gold with, - born about or given to drink, hath the same properties, or not - much unlike."--_Anat. of Mel._, Part ii. sec. iv. mem. 1. subs. 4. - [Blake, one vol. 8vo. MDCCCXXXVI. P. 437.] - -Lady Macbeth says: - - "Come on; - Gentle my lord, sleek o'er your rugged looks; - Be bright and jovial 'mong your guests to-night." - - _Macbeth_, Act III. Sc. 2. - - C. FORBES. - - Temple. - -_Slick_ or _sleek stones_ are used by curriers to remove wrinkles and -other irregularities in, and to smoothen the surface of hides and skins, -after they have been converted into leather by the tanner. The stone -which is considered to be the best for this purpose is quarried in the -neighbourhood of Kendal. - -The currier's _sleek stone_ is an oblong square plate, measuring six -inches in length by four inches in breadth, and half an inch in -thickness. One of the longer edges of the stone is fixed into a groove -in a wooden handle or stock, and hence it is also commonly called a -_stock stone_. - -The leather being spread out upon a table, the stock is held in both -hands, and the opposite edge of the stone is pressed upon and rubbed -over the surface of the leather. In a subsequent part of the process of -currying the workman uses, in like manner, a _slicker_ or _sleeker_ made -of steel, and finishes his work with a glass _sleeker_. - - J. L. C. - -_Tenor Bell of Margate_ (Vol. i., p. 92.; Vol. v., p. 319.).--The weight -of this "ponderous tenor bell" is not mentioned; but there does not seem -to be any particular "obscurity," whatever there may be of strangeness -in the alleged mode of its transit by water. By the terms "mill-cog" of -the poetaster is doubtless to be understood the _cog-wheel_ of the -miller, viz. that which more or less directly connects the motive agent -with the shaft carrying the stones. Persons who happen to have noticed -the large size and ponderous construction of the main cog-wheel in many -an ancient flourmill will easily imagine that if set afloat it would -carry a great weight; especially if prepared, as a missionary to the -Hudson's Bay territories told me a small cart-wheel was rigged to -transport him over the rivers, viz. by stretching a large skin over its -area. It was, in all likelihood, to some contrivance of this kind that -John de Dandelion and his dog have become so picturesquely and -permanently connected with the history of Margate in "traditionary -rhyme." - - D. - -_Rhymes connected with Places_ (Vol. v., pp. 293. 374.).--The following -has been printed in the late John Dunkin's _History of Dartford_; but as -topographical works have but a limited circulation, and the above-named -author was fond of printing but few impressions of his works, I have -taken the liberty of forwarding the lines to you: - - "Sutton[8] for mutton, - Kirby[9] for beef, - South Darne[10] for gingerbread, - Dartford[11] for a thief." - -All four of the parishes are situate upon the river Darent, and adjoin. - - [Footnote 8: Sutton at Hone--fine pastures.] - - [Footnote 9: Horton Kirby, the same.] - - [Footnote 10: South Darenth, celebrated for its old church, and - (probably when the lines were composed) for its baker.] - - [Footnote 11: Dartford: the bridewell of the district was formerly - in this parish, in Lowfield Street.] - - [Greek: Alphred.] - -_Burial, Law respecting_ (Vol. v., p. 320.).--Though not a lawyer, I -venture to express the opinion that, if preferred, burial may take place -in unconsecrated ground. The law exacts the registering of the death, -and inhibits a clergyman from officiating except within the consecrated -boundary. Indeed the burying-ground of dissenters is not consecrated -according to law, although it may have to be licensed. But, supposing a -person to have the fancy to lie "in some loved spot, far away from other -graves," there seems to be no legal difficulty. In the shrubbery of -Brush House, the residence of my friend and neighbour John Booth, Esq., -M.D., there is a mausoleum over the remains of his uncle, from whom he -inherited the property. - - "Here," says Hunter, in his _History of Hallamshire_, "Mr. Booth - spent the latter part of an active life in mathematical and - philosophical studies; and, indulging a natural (?) and - patriarchal desire, prepared his own sepulchre amidst the shades - his own hand had formed, in which his remains are now reposing." - -Was not Mrs. Van Butchell preserved many years after death in a glass -case by her husband? - - ALFRED GATTY. - -_Lines on English History_ (Vol. iii., p. 168.).--The lines on English -History, beginning - - "William the Norman conquers England's State," &c. - -were not from the pen of any Catholic gentleman of the name of Chaloner, -but were composed by a Protestant. Some of the lines were subsequently -altered by a Catholic lady, the late Mrs. Cholmely, of Brandsby Hall, -near York, and I believe the whole verses were printed at her private -expense. The line on Mary of England was, in the original, anything but -complimentary to the memory of that queen. Mrs. Cholmely's daughter, the -late Mrs. Charlton, of Hesleyside in Northumberland, had the verses -printed again at Newcastle, about twenty-five years ago. I have no doubt -that I could procure a copy for AN ENGLISH MOTHER. - - EDWARD CHARLTON. - - Newcastle-on-Tyne. - -_Suicides buried in Cross Roads_ (Vol. iv., pp. 116. 212. 329.).--In the -fifth chapter of the most remarkable Saga of Thorfinn Karlsefne, we find -some curious customs to have been prevalent in Greenland relative to the -burial of the dead in unconsecrated ground. Thorstein Erikson, the -second husband of Gudrida, died of a sore sickness. Many of the -household had previously been carried off by the same malady, and the -ghost of each corpse joined its fellows in tormenting and terrifying the -survivors. The night after Thorstein's death, his corpse rose up in the -bed and called for Gudrid his wife. With reluctance and terror the widow -approached the body of her husband.-- - - "Now when Gudrid arose and went to Thorstein, it seemed to her as - though he wept. And he whispered some words to her which none - could hear, but these other words he spoke in a loud voice, so - that all were aware thereof. 'They that keep the truth shall be - saved, but many here in Greenland hold badly to this command. For - it is no Christian way as here is practised, since the universal - faith was brought to Greenland, to lay a corpse in unblessed - earth, and to sing but little over it. It had been the custom in - Greenland, after Christianity was brought in, that the dead should - be buried on the lands where they died, in unhallowed earth, _and - that a stake should be set up over the breast of the dead_ - (_skyldi setja staur upp af brjosti hinum dauda_); and when the - priest afterwards came, the stake was pulled up, and holy water - was poured into the hole, and they sang over the body even though - it was long after.' And Thornstein's body was carried to the - church in Eriksfiord, and there it was sung over by the priests - (_yfirsongvar af Kennimonnum_.") - -May not this custom, which prevailed in Greenland in the eleventh and -twelfth centuries, have been derived from the Scandinavian north, and -there have been applied to the suicide buried in the cross road? Was the -idea of burying these outcasts in such a place, the hopeful one of -placing them at least under the shadow as it were of the cross, though -they were denied a resting-place in consecrated ground. That the old -Northerns regarded suicide with horror, we know from the "Eyrbiggia -Saga," p. 530. of Mr. Blackwell's edition of Mallet's _Northern -Antiquities_. - - EDWARD CHARLTON. - - Newcastle-on-Tyne. - -_Th' Man i' th' Almanack_ (Vol. v., p. 320.).--In old almanacks the sun -is represented by a man's face inclosed in a ring, from which externally -points or rays, indicating flames, appear to proceed. An Oldham recruit, -billeted at the sign of the Sun, in writing home to his friends, -described the sign as "_th' mon's face set a' round we skivers_.[12]" - - [Footnote 12: _Skivers_, skewers or pins.] - - ROBERT RAWLINSON. - -_Olaus Magnus_ (Vol. iii., p. 370.).--I have before me an English -version of this most singular writer, by J. S., printed by J. Streater, -London, 1658, 1 vol. folio, pp. 342. The marvellous description of the -sea serpent by Olaus Magnus is well known, but during the controversy -recently raised as to the reappearance of this monster to the officers -of the Daedalus, the following testimony to its existence in later times -was perhaps overlooked. It is extracted from the notes of Frederick -Faber, the celebrated Iceland ornithologist, describing a zoological -expedition to the islands in the Cattegat, and published in Oken's -_Isis_ for 1829, p. 885.: - - "As I was returning in a boat from Endelave to Horsens, the old - helmsman, observing that I took great interest in natural history, - asked me if I had ever seen the sea serpent. On my replying in the - negative, he told me that about two years ago, while he and his - companion were fishing near Thunoe, they observed the head of a - large creature lying quite on the surface of the water, and in - close proximity to their boat. The head was like that of a seal, - though they immediately perceived that it belonged to no animal of - that kind. A gull flew towards the monster, and made a pounce upon - him, when the huge creature raised its body at least three fathoms - high into the air, and made a snap at the bird, which flew away in - terror. They had time, before it disappeared, to notice that the - monster had a red throat, and that its body was about twice the - thickness of a boat's mast." - - EDWARD CHARLTON. - -_The Word "Couch"_ (Vol. v., p. 298.).--The word is French: coucher par -ecrit. Menage says, _coucher_, in its common sense, is derived from -_collocare_ in Latin, of which he gives instances as early as Catullus; -he might have gone back to Terence. Hence, says he, "coucher bien par -ecrit, pour dire ecrire avec ordre:" and quotes Salmasius, to show that -coucher par ecrit answered to _digerere_, in the sense of writing a -digest. - -The sense is the same as our expression "lay down," "lay down the law," -&c., but we do not confine that to writing. - - C. B. - - - - -Miscellaneous. - - -NOTES ON BOOKS, ETC. - -It is always a boon to historical literature when a man of learning and -industry devotes himself to a monograph of any particular person or -period. When we saw, therefore, in the _Gentleman's Magazine_, the able -and interesting papers by Mr. Cunningham, on the history of one who, -whatever might have been her life, so died, that Tennison did not -hesitate to preach her funeral sermon, we felt sure that those papers -could never be allowed to remain the "sole property" of the readers and -admirers of our good friend Sylvanus Urban; and we have proved right in -our anticipation. _The Story of Nell Gwyn, and the Sayings of Charles -II., related and collected_ by Peter Cunningham, which has just been -issued, consists of a reprint of those papers, greatly enlarged and -increased in value by the information which has reached the author since -they appeared in their original form. We know of no volume of the same -extent calculated to give a more graphic or faithful picture of the -heartlessness and depravity of the age of profligacy in which his -heroine lived, an age which furnishes a striking proof how true it is -that individuals, communities, and even whole nations, will after a time -seek compensation for a state of gloomy and unchristian fanaticism in -one of unbridled licentiousness. - -Mr. Cunningham has, in this handsomely illustrated volume, treated a -subject which required very nice handling with great tact; and his book -deserves to be placed on the shelves with Pepys and Evelyn, as a -necessary supplement to them. Can we give it higher praise? Its quaint -and characteristic binding is a clever fac-simile of the morocco binding -which Charles II. so loved. - -We are indebted to the publishers of the _National Illustrated Library_ -for a new memoir of the great founder of American independence. _The -Life of General Washington, First President of the United States, -written by himself; comprising his Memoirs and Correspondence, as -prepared by him for publication, including several Original Letters now -first printed_, edited by the Rev. C. W. Upham, forms two volumes, which -have been written or compiled on the principle, now we believe first -applied to Washington, of making the subject of the memoir, its far as -possible, his own biographer. This task Mr. Upham has executed with much -ability and excellent judgment; and we know of no work calculated to -give the general reader a better or more correct idea of the personal -character of one of whom the Americans boast, that he was "first in war, -first in peace, and first in the hearts of his countrymen." - -Some of our readers may be interested to know that the collection of -black-letter ballads, formerly in the Heber collection, and described in -the _Bibliotheca Heberiana_, vol. iv. pp. 28-33., was sold on Monday -last at the auction of Mr. Utterson's library at Messrs. Sotheby's. -After a rather brisk bidding, Mr. Halliwell became the purchaser at the -sum of 104_l._ - - -BOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES - -WANTED TO PURCHASE. - -BROUGHAM'S MEN OF LETTERS. 2nd Series, royal 8vo., boards. Original -edition. - -KNIGHT'S PICTORIAL SHAKSPEARE. Royal 8vo. Parts XLII, XLIII, XLIV, L, -and LI. - -CONDER'S ANALYTICAL VIEW OF ALL RELIGIONS. 8vo. - -NEWMAN'S (J. H.) 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No. 1. 1844. - -MACULLOCH'S HIGHLANDS AND ISLANDS OF SCOTLAND. - -BACK'S VOYAGE OF THE TERROR, 8vo. - -BACK'S OVERLAND JOURNEY IN THE ARCTIC REGIONS, 8vo. - -L'HISTOIRE DE LA SAINCTE BIBLE, par ROYAUMONDE: a Paris, 1701. - -JOHNSON's (DR. S.) WORKS, by MURPHY. Trade Edition of 1816, in 8vo. Vol -XII. only. - -SCOTT'S CONTINUATION OF MILNER'S CHURCH HISTORY, Vol. II. Part II. 8vo. - -WINKELMAN'S REFLECTIONS ON THE PAINTING OF THE GREEKS, translated by -Fuseli. London, 1765. 8vo. - -ROYAL PROCLAMATIONS IN ENGLAND IN THE YEAR 1688, EXTENDING TO AND -INCLUDING THE YEAR 1707. London, folio. - -TYRWITT'S SOLID REASONS FOR PHILOSOPHIZING. Winchester, 1652. - -BENTLEY'S MISCELLANY. The first two Volumes. In Numbers preferred. - -MARVELL'S WORKS. 3 Vols. 4to. - -MARVELL'S (ANDREW) LIFE. - -KINGSTON-ON-HULL, any work upon. - -EDWIN AND EMMA. Taylor, 1776. 5_s._ will be given for a perfect copy. - -JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY. Vol. V. Part I. - ----- Vols. 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Fleet -Street aforesaid.--Saturday, April 24. 1852. - - - - - [Transcriber's Note: List of volumes and content pages in "Notes - and Queries", Vol. I.-V.] - - +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+ - | Notes and Queries Vol. I. | - +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+ - | Vol., No. | Date, Year | Pages | PG # xxxxx | - +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+ - | Vol. I No. 1 | November 3, 1849 | 1 - 17 | PG # 8603 | - | Vol. I No. 2 | November 10, 1849 | 18 - 32 | PG # 11265 | - | Vol. I No. 3 | November 17, 1849 | 33 - 46 | PG # 11577 | - | Vol. I No. 4 | November 24, 1849 | 49 - 63 | PG # 13513 | - +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+ - | Vol. I No. 5 | December 1, 1849 | 65 - 80 | PG # 11636 | - | Vol. I No. 6 | December 8, 1849 | 81 - 95 | PG # 13550 | - | Vol. I No. 7 | December 15, 1849 | 97 - 112 | PG # 11651 | - | Vol. I No. 8 | December 22, 1849 | 113 - 128 | PG # 11652 | - | Vol. I No. 9 | December 29, 1849 | 130 - 144 | PG # 13521 | - +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+ - | Vol. I No. 10 | January 5, 1850 | 145 - 160 | PG # | - | Vol. I No. 11 | January 12, 1850 | 161 - 176 | PG # 11653 | - | Vol. I No. 12 | January 19, 1850 | 177 - 192 | PG # 11575 | - | Vol. I No. 13 | January 26, 1850 | 193 - 208 | PG # 11707 | - +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+ - | Vol. I No. 14 | February 2, 1850 | 209 - 224 | PG # 13558 | - | Vol. I No. 15 | February 9, 1850 | 225 - 238 | PG # 11929 | - | Vol. I No. 16 | February 16, 1850 | 241 - 256 | PG # 16193 | - | Vol. I No. 17 | February 23, 1850 | 257 - 271 | PG # 12018 | - +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+ - | Vol. I No. 18 | March 2, 1850 | 273 - 288 | PG # 13544 | - | Vol. I No. 19 | March 9, 1850 | 289 - 309 | PG # 13638 | - | Vol. I No. 20 | March 16, 1850 | 313 - 328 | PG # 16409 | - | Vol. I No. 21 | March 23, 1850 | 329 - 343 | PG # 11958 | - | Vol. I No. 22 | March 30, 1850 | 345 - 359 | PG # 12198 | - +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+ - | Vol. I No. 23 | April 6, 1850 | 361 - 376 | PG # 12505 | - | Vol. I No. 24 | April 13, 1850 | 377 - 392 | PG # 13925 | - | Vol. I No. 25 | April 20, 1850 | 393 - 408 | PG # 13747 | - | Vol. I No. 26 | April 27, 1850 | 409 - 423 | PG # 13822 | - +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+ - | Vol. I No. 27 | May 4, 1850 | 425 - 447 | PG # 13712 | - | Vol. I No. 28 | May 11, 1850 | 449 - 463 | PG # 13684 | - | Vol. I No. 29 | May 18, 1850 | 465 - 479 | PG # 15197 | - | Vol. I No. 30 | May 25, 1850 | 481 - 495 | PG # 13713 | - +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+ - | Notes and Queries Vol. II. | - +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+ - | Vol., No. | Date, Year | Pages | PG # xxxxx | - +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+ - | Vol. II No. 31 | June 1, 1850 | 1- 15 | PG # 12589 | - | Vol. II No. 32 | June 8, 1850 | 17- 32 | PG # 15996 | - | Vol. II No. 33 | June 15, 1850 | 33- 48 | PG # 26121 | - | Vol. II No. 34 | June 22, 1850 | 49- 64 | PG # 22127 | - | Vol. II No. 35 | June 29, 1850 | 65- 79 | PG # 22126 | - +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+ - | Vol. II No. 36 | July 6, 1850 | 81- 96 | PG # 13361 | - | Vol. II No. 37 | July 13, 1850 | 97-112 | PG # 13729 | - | Vol. II No. 38 | July 20, 1850 | 113-128 | PG # 13362 | - | Vol. II No. 39 | July 27, 1850 | 129-143 | PG # 13736 | - +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+ - | Vol. II No. 40 | August 3, 1850 | 145-159 | PG # 13389 | - | Vol. II No. 41 | August 10, 1850 | 161-176 | PG # 13393 | - | Vol. II No. 42 | August 17, 1850 | 177-191 | PG # 13411 | - | Vol. II No. 43 | August 24, 1850 | 193-207 | PG # 13406 | - | Vol. II No. 44 | August 31, 1850 | 209-223 | PG # 13426 | - +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+ - | Vol. II No. 45 | September 7, 1850 | 225-240 | PG # 13427 | - | Vol. II No. 46 | September 14, 1850 | 241-256 | PG # 13462 | - | Vol. II No. 47 | September 21, 1850 | 257-272 | PG # 13936 | - | Vol. II No. 48 | September 28, 1850 | 273-288 | PG # 13463 | - +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+ - | Vol. II No. 49 | October 5, 1850 | 289-304 | PG # 13480 | - | Vol. II No. 50 | October 12, 1850 | 305-320 | PG # 13551 | - | Vol. II No. 51 | October 19, 1850 | 321-351 | PG # 15232 | - | Vol. II No. 52 | October 26, 1850 | 353-367 | PG # 22624 | - +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+ - | Vol. II No. 53 | November 2, 1850 | 369-383 | PG # 13540 | - | Vol. II No. 54 | November 9, 1850 | 385-399 | PG # 22138 | - | Vol. II No. 55 | November 16, 1850 | 401-415 | PG # 15216 | - | Vol. II No. 56 | November 23, 1850 | 417-431 | PG # 15354 | - | Vol. II No. 57 | November 30, 1850 | 433-454 | PG # 15405 | - +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+ - | Vol. II No. 58 | December 7, 1850 | 457-470 | PG # 21503 | - | Vol. II No. 59 | December 14, 1850 | 473-486 | PG # 15427 | - | Vol. II No. 60 | December 21, 1850 | 489-502 | PG # 24803 | - | Vol. II No. 61 | December 28, 1850 | 505-524 | PG # 16404 | - +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+ - | Notes and Queries Vol. III. | - +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+ - | Vol., No. | Date, Year | Pages | PG # xxxxx | - +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+ - | Vol. III No. 62 | January 4, 1851 | 1- 15 | PG # 15638 | - | Vol. III No. 63 | January 11, 1851 | 17- 31 | PG # 15639 | - | Vol. III No. 64 | January 18, 1851 | 33- 47 | PG # 15640 | - | Vol. III No. 65 | January 25, 1851 | 49- 78 | PG # 15641 | - +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+ - | Vol. III No. 66 | February 1, 1851 | 81- 95 | PG # 22339 | - | Vol. III No. 67 | February 8, 1851 | 97-111 | PG # 22625 | - | Vol. III No. 68 | February 15, 1851 | 113-127 | PG # 22639 | - | Vol. III No. 69 | February 22, 1851 | 129-159 | PG # 23027 | - +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+ - | Vol. III No. 70 | March 1, 1851 | 161-174 | PG # 23204 | - | Vol. III No. 71 | March 8, 1851 | 177-200 | PG # 23205 | - | Vol. III No. 72 | March 15, 1851 | 201-215 | PG # 23212 | - | Vol. III No. 73 | March 22, 1851 | 217-231 | PG # 23225 | - | Vol. III No. 74 | March 29, 1851 | 233-255 | PG # 23282 | - +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+ - | Vol. III No. 75 | April 5, 1851 | 257-271 | PG # 23402 | - | Vol. III No. 76 | April 12, 1851 | 273-294 | PG # 26896 | - | Vol. III No. 77 | April 19, 1851 | 297-311 | PG # 26897 | - | Vol. III No. 78 | April 26, 1851 | 313-342 | PG # 26898 | - +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+ - | Vol. III No. 79 | May 3, 1851 | 345-359 | PG # 26899 | - | Vol. III No. 80 | May 10, 1851 | 361-382 | PG # 32495 | - | Vol. III No. 81 | May 17, 1851 | 385-399 | PG # 29318 | - | Vol. III No. 82 | May 24, 1851 | 401-415 | PG # 28311 | - | Vol. III No. 83 | May 31, 1851 | 417-440 | PG # 36835 | - +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+ - | Vol. III No. 84 | June 7, 1851 | 441-472 | PG # 37379 | - | Vol. III No. 85 | June 14, 1851 | 473-488 | PG # 37403 | - | Vol. III No. 86 | June 21, 1851 | 489-511 | PG # 37496 | - | Vol. III No. 87 | June 28, 1851 | 513-528 | PG # 37516 | - +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+ - | Notes and Queries Vol. IV. | - +-----------------+--------------------+---------+------------+ - | Vol., No. | Date, Year | Pages | PG # xxxxx | - +-----------------+--------------------+---------+------------+ - | Vol. IV No. 88 | July 5, 1851 | 1- 15 | PG # 37548 | - | Vol. IV No. 89 | July 12, 1851 | 17- 31 | PG # 37568 | - | Vol. IV No. 90 | July 19, 1851 | 33- 47 | PG # 37593 | - | Vol. IV No. 91 | July 26, 1851 | 49- 79 | PG # 37778 | - +-----------------+--------------------+---------+------------+ - | Vol. IV No. 92 | August 2, 1851 | 81- 94 | PG # 38324 | - | Vol. IV No. 93 | August 9, 1851 | 97-112 | PG # 38337 | - | Vol. IV No. 94 | August 16, 1851 | 113-127 | PG # 38350 | - | Vol. IV No. 95 | August 23, 1851 | 129-144 | PG # 38386 | - | Vol. IV No. 96 | August 30, 1851 | 145-167 | PG # 38405 | - +-----------------+--------------------+---------+------------+ - | Vol. IV No. 97 | Sept. 6, 1851 | 169-183 | PG # 38433 | - | Vol. IV No. 98 | Sept. 13, 1851 | 185-200 | PG # 38491 | - | Vol. IV No. 99 | Sept. 20, 1851 | 201-216 | PG # 38574 | - | Vol. IV No. 100 | Sept. 27, 1851 | 217-246 | PG # 38656 | - +-----------------+--------------------+---------+------------+ - | Vol. IV No. 101 | Oct. 4, 1851 | 249-264 | PG # 38701 | - | Vol. IV No. 102 | Oct. 11, 1851 | 265-287 | PG # 38773 | - | Vol. IV No. 103 | Oct. 18, 1851 | 289-303 | PG # 38864 | - | Vol. IV No. 104 | Oct. 25, 1851 | 305-333 | PG # 38926 | - +-----------------+--------------------+---------+------------+ - | Vol. IV No. 105 | Nov. 1, 1851 | 337-358 | PG # 39076 | - | Vol. IV No. 106 | Nov. 8, 1851 | 361-374 | PG # 39091 | - | Vol. IV No. 107 | Nov. 15, 1851 | 377-396 | PG # 39135 | - | Vol. IV No. 108 | Nov. 22, 1851 | 401-414 | PG # 39197 | - | Vol. IV No. 109 | Nov. 29, 1851 | 417-430 | PG # 39233 | - +-----------------+--------------------+---------+------------+ - | Vol. IV No. 110 | Dec. 6, 1851 | 433-460 | PG # 39338 | - | Vol. IV No. 111 | Dec. 13, 1851 | 465-478 | PG # 39393 | - | Vol. IV No. 112 | Dec. 20, 1851 | 481-494 | PG # 39438 | - | Vol. IV No. 113 | Dec. 27, 1851 | 497-510 | PG # 39503 | - +-----------------+--------------------+---------+------------+ - | Notes and Queries Vol. V. | - +-----------------+--------------------+---------+------------+ - | Vol., No. | Date, Year | Pages | PG # xxxxx | - +-----------------+--------------------+---------+------------+ - | Vol. V No. 114 | January 3, 1852 | 1- 18 | PG # 40171 | - | Vol. V No. 115 | January 10, 1852 | 25- 45 | PG # 40582 | - | Vol. V No. 116 | January 17, 1852 | 49- 70 | PG # 40642 | - | Vol. V No. 117 | January 24, 1852 | 73- 94 | PG # 40678 | - | Vol. V No. 118 | January 31, 1852 | 97-118 | PG # 40716 | - +-----------------+--------------------+---------+------------+ - | Vol. V No. 119 | February 7, 1852 | 121-142 | PG # 40742 | - | Vol. V No. 120 | February 14, 1852 | 145-167 | PG # 40743 | - | Vol. V No. 121 | February 21, 1852 | 170-191 | PG # 40773 | - | Vol. V No. 122 | February 28, 1852 | 193-215 | PG # 40779 | - +-----------------+--------------------+---------+------------+ - | Vol. V No. 123 | March 6, 1852 | 217-239 | PG # 40804 | - | Vol. V No. 124 | March 13, 1852 | 241-263 | PG # 40843 | - | Vol. V No. 125 | March 20, 1852 | 265-287 | PG # 40910 | - | Vol. V No. 126 | March 27, 1852 | 289-310 | PG # 40987 | - +-----------------+--------------------+---------+------------+ - | Vol. V No. 127 | April 3, 1852 | 313-335 | PG # 41138 | - | Vol. V No. 128 | April 10, 1852 | 337-358 | PG # 41171 | - | Vol. V No. 129 | April 17, 1852 | 361-383 | PG # 41205 | - +-----------------+--------------------+---------+------------+ - | Vol I. Index. [Nov. 1849-May 1850] | PG # 13536 | - | INDEX TO THE SECOND VOLUME. MAY-DEC., 1850 | PG # 13571 | - | INDEX TO THE THIRD VOLUME. JAN.-JUNE, 1851 | PG # 26770 | - | INDEX TO THE FOURTH VOLUME. JULY-DEC., 1851 | PG # 40166 | - +------------------------------------------------+------------+ - - - - - -End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Notes and Queries, Vol. V, Number 130, -April 24, 1852, by Various - -*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES AND QUERIES, APRIL 24, 1852 *** - -***** This file should be named 41254.txt or 41254.zip ***** -This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: - http://www.gutenberg.org/4/1/2/5/41254/ - -Produced by Charlene Taylor, Jonathan Ingram and the Online -Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This -file was produced from images generously made available -by The Internet Library of Early Journals.) - - -Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions -will be renamed. - -Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no -one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation -(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without -permission and without paying copyright royalties. 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