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diff --git a/41145-h/41145-h.htm b/41145-h/41145-h.htm new file mode 100644 index 0000000..dc773a1 --- /dev/null +++ b/41145-h/41145-h.htm @@ -0,0 +1,2284 @@ +<!DOCTYPE html + PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" + "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd"> +<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en" lang="en"> +<head> +<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=US-ASCII" /> +<title>An account of the Death of Philip Jolin, by Francis Cunningham</title> + <style type="text/css"> +/*<![CDATA[ XML blockout */ +<!-- + P { margin-top: .75em; + margin-bottom: .75em; + } + P.gutsumm { margin-left: 5%;} + P.poetry {margin-left: 3%; } + .GutSmall { font-size: 0.7em; } + H1, H2 { + text-align: center; + margin-top: 2em; + margin-bottom: 2em; + } + H3, H4, H5 { + text-align: center; + margin-top: 1em; + margin-bottom: 1em; + } + BODY{margin-left: 10%; + margin-right: 10%; + } + table { border-collapse: collapse; } +table {margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;} + td { vertical-align: top; border: 1px solid black;} + td p { margin: 0.2em; } + .blkquot {margin-left: 4em; margin-right: 4em;} /* block indent */ + + .smcap {font-variant: small-caps;} + + .pagenum {position: absolute; + left: 92%; + font-size: small; + text-align: right; + font-weight: normal; + color: gray; + } + img { border: none; } + img.dc { float: left; width: 50px; height: 50px; } + p.gutindent { margin-left: 2em; } + div.gapspace { height: 0.8em; } + div.gapline { height: 0.8em; width: 100%; border-top: 1px solid;} + div.gapmediumline { height: 0.3em; width: 40%; margin-left:30%; + border-top: 1px solid; } + div.gapmediumdoubleline { height: 0.3em; width: 40%; margin-left:30%; + border-top: 1px solid; border-bottom: 1px solid;} + div.gapshortdoubleline { height: 0.3em; width: 20%; + margin-left: 40%; border-top: 1px solid; + border-bottom: 1px solid; } + div.gapdoubleline { height: 0.3em; width: 50%; + margin-left: 25%; border-top: 1px solid; + border-bottom: 1px solid;} + div.gapshortline { height: 0.3em; width: 20%; margin-left:40%; + border-top: 1px solid; } + .citation {vertical-align: super; + font-size: .8em; + text-decoration: none;} + img.floatleft { float: left; + margin-right: 1em; + margin-top: 0.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; } + img.floatright { float: right; + margin-left: 1em; margin-top: 0.5em; + margin-bottom: 0.5em; } + img.clearcenter {display: block; + margin-left: auto; + margin-right: auto; margin-top: 0.5em; + margin-bottom: 0.5em} + --> + /* XML end ]]>*/ + </style> +</head> +<body> +<pre> + +The Project Gutenberg eBook, An account of the Death of Philip Jolin, by +Francis Cunningham + + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + + + + +Title: An account of the Death of Philip Jolin + who was executed for the murder of his father, in the Island of Jersey, October 3, 1829 + + +Author: Francis Cunningham + + + +Release Date: October 22, 2012 [eBook #41145] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ISO-646-US (US-ASCII) + + +***START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK AN ACCOUNT OF THE DEATH OF PHILIP +JOLIN*** +</pre> +<p>Transcribed from the 1830 Hatchard and Son edition by David +Price, email ccx074@pglaf.org</p> +<h1>AN ACCOUNT<br /> +<span class="GutSmall">OF</span><br /> +THE DEATH<br /> +<span class="GutSmall">OF</span><br /> +PHILIP JOLIN,<br /> +<span class="GutSmall">WHO WAS EXECUTED</span><br /> +<span class="GutSmall">FOR THE</span><br /> +<span class="GutSmall">MURDER OF HIS FATHER, IN THE ISLAND OF +JERSEY,</span><br /> +OCTOBER 3, 1829.</h1> +<div class="gapmediumline"> </div> +<p style="text-align: center"><span class="GutSmall">BY</span><br +/> +FRANCIS CUNNINGHAM, A. M.<br /> +<span class="GutSmall">RECTOR OF PAKEFIELD.</span></p> +<div class="gapmediumline"> </div> +<p style="text-align: center">LONDON: HATCHARD AND SON, +PICCADILLY;<br /> +<span class="GutSmall">SEELEY AND SONS, FLEET STREET; AND J. +NESBITT,</span><br /> +<span class="GutSmall">BERNERS STREET.</span></p> +<div class="gapshortline"> </div> +<p style="text-align: center">1830.</p> +<div class="gapspace"> </div> +<p style="text-align: center"><a name="pageii"></a><span +class="pagenum">p. ii</span><span +class="GutSmall">LONDON:</span><br /> +<span class="GutSmall">IBOTSON AND PALMER, PRINTERS, SAVOY +STREET, STRAND.</span></p> +<h2><a name="pageiii"></a><span class="pagenum">p. +iii</span>ADVERTISEMENT.</h2> +<p>To determine the real state of mind in a criminal manifesting, +for the first time, when under sentence of death, signs of +repentance, is plainly a work of much difficulty. If ever +dissimulation may be expected, it must be in the case of a person +probably long habituated, and, in his present circumstances, +additionally excited to it by the fear of death: and the +experience of every minister of religion conversant in such +cases, must teach him that professions of religion, under such +circumstances, are far oftener the language of alarm, than of +real conversion. Every one, therefore, would earnestly +covet, with Mr. Newton, to know rather how the man lived, than +how he had died. But here the life and the death may offer +the most conflicting evidence. How difficult it is then so +to decide as not, on the one hand, to make “the heart of +the righteous sad, whom God has not made sad;” upon the +other, to say “peace” to the soul, “when there +is no peace.”</p> +<p>Most of the cases of religious communication with dying +criminals, recorded in the public prints, are in the highest +degree painful. The chaplain goes through the forms of +instruction, the sermon is preached, and then, without one proof +being assigned of the fitness of the criminal for that solemn +ordinance of religion, the sacrament is administered. All +the requisitions of our church, as to “those who come to +the Lord’s supper,” are passed by. The deep +workings of repentance, and longing for amendment, the exercise +of a lively faith in Christ, the thankful remembrance of his +death, the feeling of universal charity so difficult <a +name="pageiv"></a><span class="pagenum">p. iv</span>in such +circumstances; in short, every evidence of an awakened and +converted heart is neglected, and the man forced upon a +hypocritical avowal of truth, to which he is in reality utterly a +stranger. He dies, in fact, with “a lie in his right +hand”—a lie, the guilt of which is surely divided +between himself and the minister who urges him to the rash +reception of the sacrament.</p> +<p>It is under the deepest conviction of the difficulty of such +cases, that the present tract, recording the events of the last +eleven days in the life of a criminal is presented to the +public. His crimes had been great, but hypocrisy was not +amongst their number. His faculties were not such as to +give him any peculiar facility in adopting the truths presented +to him. He had received no previous religious +instruction. He had no uncommon power of utterance. +Let the reader judge whether the words and conduct, both before +and after conviction, as recorded in these pages, do not supply +an evidence of the power of God to reclaim the wanderer even in +the eleventh hour; and are not calculated, in the highest degree, +to encourage the often disconsolate visitor of the sick, the +dying, and the criminal. The facts here recorded have been +collected partly by personal communication, partly from letters +to the writer from the Rev. W. C. Hall, and partly from a printed +account of the Rev. E. Durell. The substance of the +statement was first inserted in the Christian Observer, and it is +now submitted, with some alteration, to the public, and with an +earnest desire that its perusal may, through the Divine blessing, +tend to the glory of that compassionate Saviour, to whose service +it is dedicated.</p> +<h2><a name="page5"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 5</span><span +class="GutSmall">THE</span><br /> +LAST DAYS OF PHILIP JOLIN,<br /> +<span class="GutSmall">LATELY EXECUTED AT ST. HELENS,</span><br +/> +<span class="GutSmall">FOR</span><br /> +THE MURDER OF HIS FATHER.</h2> +<p><span class="smcap">The</span> particulars of the crime of +this unfortunate young man may be stated in a few words. He +had long been known in the neighbourhood where he lived, as an +object of disgrace, and the cause of perpetual disturbance. +Not indeed that he was more profligate in character than those +with whom he was immediately connected. His father, as well +as his mother-in-law, lived in habits of drunkenness. She +died eight months before the son committed the crime for which he +suffered. Jolin was, with his father, by trade a +blacksmith. His business brought with it some temptation to +drinking; and, in Jersey, where spirits are cheaper even than in +England, this disposition was most easily gratified. So +that, with the example of his parents, and his own circumstances, +it is not a matter of astonishment that he fell into the course +of sin which led to his ruin. The progress of vice was, it +is to be presumed, in his case, like that of other +drunkards. The liquor, at first taken as a bodily relief, +unguarded by any restraint, was soon resorted to as an +indulgence; till at last he was enlisted in the number of those +of whom the <a name="page6"></a><span class="pagenum">p. +6</span>prophet speaks, “who rise up in the morning that +they may follow their drink, and continue till night, till wine +inflames them.” But the abominable tendency of this +particular sin is illustrated almost equally by the conduct of +the father and son.</p> +<p>It appeared on the trial of Jolin, that he had been exposed to +the greatest cruelties on the part of his father. One +person deposed, that he had often seen him beat his son with a +hammer, or any thing else, which might happen to come under his +hand, and almost always about the head; and the scars from these +wounds were seen on his head when he was committed to +prison. Another, that she had once heard the +prisoner’s mother cry out for help. She went in, and +saw the son down, and the father striking him with an iron bar, +saying at the same time, that he was going to kill him. +Very often he would not give him any food. Another witness +testified, that, going into the house of the father, he saw him +put down a flat iron bar, with which he had just been striking +his son on the head, and his head was covered with blood. +He was laid on his bed, but his father refused to allow any +assistance to be tendered to him. This witness had seen the +father kick his son about several parts of the body. What a +contrast is all this to that scene which the psalmist describes +of a household where the Spirit of God +dwells—“Behold, how good and how pleasant it is for +brethren to dwell together in unity, for there the Lord +commandeth his blessing.” These facts are introduced, +not only in explanation of the subject, but that some light may +be thrown on the appeal which Jolin afterwards made to his judge +on his own behalf.</p> +<p>On the morning on which the last crime was committed, as Jolin +confessed to one who attended upon him in prison, he had drank to +excess, and become completely intoxicated. In this state he +returned to his own home—a home of which, he added, +“no one knew the wretchedness.” It was dinner +time, but he found no food prepared, and from his father he met +with only that reception which he might expect from such a +parent; more <a name="page7"></a><span class="pagenum">p. +7</span>especially when he himself was overcome with +drunkenness. He went into the garden to gather a pear, and +about this the fatal quarrel ensued. The father had come +behind, and caught him by the cape of the jacket, and kicked him +about the back and legs. He tore himself from his father, +and was soon seen running out of the house crying, and the father +in the act of pursuing, as if with the intention of striking +him. The father said that he would “settle him when +he returned.” The son replied, that he would +“settle him (the father) also.” The son then +ran to a heap of bricks which lay in the street, and taking one +which he appears to have broken in two pieces, he returned to be +revenged on his father. He was remonstrated with by a +neighbour, but in vain. In his rage he threw the brickbats +at his father. One of the pieces struck him on the head, +and he immediately fell to the ground. The wretched +sufferer swooned from the violence of the blow and the loss of +blood. In this state he appears to have remained, with very +little change, for about an hour, when he died. It is not +stated whether he was enabled to cry for mercy to that God, into +whose presence he was thus awfully hurried; or whether he had +time to reflect upon the state of his son, and his probable +punishment. How awful must have been the change to this +wretched man, when he found himself in a moment lifting up his +eyes before the Judge of quick and dead!</p> +<p>Meanwhile, the son, utterly unconscious of what he had done, +or feeling only satisfaction at what he thought was the suitable +punishment for his father, went out again, and finding his way +into a neighbour’s shop, told the keeper of it that his +father had beaten him, and that he had knocked him down. +Here he fell asleep, and slept probably till his fit of +intoxication had passed away. On rising he was about +quietly and unsuspectingly to return to the scene of his crime, +when he was arrested and brought to prison. When, on the +way to the prison, he was told that his conduct might possibly +bring him to the gallows, he showed his first symptom of +alarm. He remained in prison till Thursday, September 24, +when he <a name="page8"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 8</span>was +submitted to his first public examination. The trial, +according to the laws of that country, was repeated on Monday the +28th. The judges, and two juries, in number together +thirty-seven, after the fullest investigation of the facts, and +after hearing the able defence of his advocate, Mr. Hammond, +pronounced his crime to be murder, and condemned him to +death. The court refused even to make application for the +mitigation of punishment, whereupon he was delivered to the +execution of his sentence, which he underwent on Saturday, Oct. +3d.</p> +<p>There were many particulars in this case, in addition to the +remarkable nature of the crime, and indeed the rareness of any +crime of such magnitude in the small district in which it +occurred, that made it a subject of very general notice. +One leading circumstance was the manifest alteration which took +place in Jolin’s mind during the period of his +imprisonment. Upon this point there was an entire agreement +of opinion amongst all persons who had any acquaintance with the +real state of the case. Not only ministers, both of the +church and the Dissenters, but persons of other classes, bore +testimony to the reality of <i>a</i> change; the <i>nature</i> of +which, however, not so many persons could detect, as its very +striking effects. The newspaper spoke of an +“alteration” which took place in him, of his +“confession, in the most humble terms, of his own +sinfulness;” of “his forcible admonitions to others +to abstain from evil, and to practise the duties of religion and +morality;” but of the change of heart which this case +exhibited, the editor of the paper seems to have had no real +understanding. The case of Jolin, convinced of his sin, +however, is that of a man, not merely convinced of his guilt in +one instance, and anxious to warn others not converted by the +Holy Ghost, acknowledging his total alienation of heart from God, +and persuaded that all his repentance, all his good resolutions, +could never expiate his past sins; but that, as he himself said, +“Christ was his only hope; for <span +class="smcap">He</span> had paid his ransom, and He would receive +him into glory.”</p> +<p>The greater part of persons who have had much experience <a +name="page9"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 9</span>in visiting the +dying sick, or condemned criminals, have, in general, little +confidence in a repentance which only springs up under the +apprehension of immediate death, whatever flights of sentiment +may be exhibited. They have seen in the backsliding of men +who promised every thing in the time of sickness, how vain, +generally speaking, are the convictions of their sincerity. +In the greater part of these cases, there is a want of +completeness in the work of repentance and faith, which the +experienced pastoral visitor is often able to detect; too little +of real contrition, or too much of profession and +confidence. But in the case in question, those who visited +Jolin confess themselves to have been impressed, as they might +conceive the spectators to be affected by the case of the thief +on the cross. One and all were led to say, “this is +the finger of God.” Under such circumstances, it +cannot surely be wrong to gather together a few particulars of +this history, which will be interesting to those, at least, who +have experienced the power of divine grace in their own change of +heart, and who rejoice in every display of it in the sinner that +repenteth.</p> +<p>Jolin appears in early life to have been sent to school, +although he said, that such had been the irregularity of his +father’s house, and such the hindrances thrown in his way, +that he had been more impeded than encouraged by his parents, in +any attempt to attend upon the public means of religious +instruction. How tremendous is the responsibility of such a +father and mother; culpable in their neglect, but awfully so in +their example! And what a case is here presented of the +retributive justice of God! The father trained his child in +habits of intoxication, and treated him with cruel violence; and +the son, in a fit of intoxication, by an act of violence, hurried +his father headlong to the bar of God’s judgment. We +are not able, often, so clearly to trace the workings of Almighty +wrath; nor is it to be expected, that, placed as we are in a +state in which we must look for our rewards or punishments beyond +the grave, we should here see any proportionate recompense of +crime. Still we know, that “as a man sows <a +name="page10"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 10</span>so he shall +also reap,” if not in this world, to bring him to +repentance, yet certainly, and how much more awfully! in that +world where a place for repentance is no where found.</p> +<p>This young man, on some occasions previous to his committal to +prison, had read the Bible; for he remarked to one of his +attendants, that when at sea, during his watch, he had done so; +but he added, “I then read it as a sealed book. I had +neither eyes given me to see, nor ears to hear, and this was a +just judgment upon me for my sins.” His mode of life +had, indeed, been one of complete dissoluteness. He went to +sea, because he was too bad to remain on land; and he returned to +shore, probably because he was wearied of the restraints at +sea. The relations of the family, disgusted at the scenes +of vice in his father’s house, abandoned them. So +that it is not easy to conceive a state of lower degradation than +this young man had reached. No one, as he himself said, +could describe the misery of this state as he had experienced +it. What situation could indeed more completely tend to +brutalize the mind, to deaden every feeling of conscience, to +leave the man long habituated to it “without hope,” +and indeed “without God in the world?” The +nature of the crime for which Jolin was committed to prison, was +such as to increase the general horror against him. This +was exhibited by the crowd, in the streets, on the occasion of +his trial; so that his various crimes had made him an outcast +from the pity and compassion of his fellow-creatures. It is +true, there were particular circumstances in his case, which, if +generally known, would have lessened the public indignation, and +which might have been a source of secret satisfaction to +himself. These were the exceeding badness of his education, +the brutality of his father, the continual discord of his family, +the state of intoxication in which he was when he unintentionally +committed the crime; but these points, although once alluded to +in his appeal to his judges, were scarcely mentioned by him in +his private conversations, so completely was the conviction +established in his mind, that he had <a name="page11"></a><span +class="pagenum">p. 11</span>fallen into sin by the wilfulness of +his own heart, that he had destroyed himself; and that to a +greater depth of transgression he could scarcely have +reached.</p> +<p>After Jolin had been lodged in gaol, he was visited by a very +respectable relative, Mr. Pinel, a member of the Methodist +church. He made this visit, as he himself testified, +without the hope of any spiritual benefit. He, however, +desired to relieve his temporal necessities, and to afford him +all the comfort in his power. He found the poor culprit in +a most pitiable state. Overwhelmed and stunned by his +situation, he was lying on a heap of straw, and appeared like one +who had no hope to look to in this world, or the next. Mr. +Pinel said to him, “Young man, I think both your body and +your soul are in great danger.” Jolin did not answer, +but sobbed excessively. He then procured for him a bed, and +some comfortable clothing, and put into his hands a French +Testament. Soon after, as there was at that time no +chaplain regularly appointed to the gaol, Jolin was visited by +the curate of the parish, M. Falle. After some days, M. +Falle’s great occupation in his ministry led him to +transfer this important and interesting charge to the Rev. W. C. +Hall, a young clergyman residing in the island, who took the more +immediate care of him, watched over, instructed, and finally +attended him through the dark valley of the shadow of death, till +he reached, as I doubt not, the portal of the heavenly +abode. Meanwhile the Testament was not neglected by +Jolin. He read it nearly through; but, in the first +instance, it would seem, without understanding the nature of the +message which it was designed to convey. His mind, however, +was no doubt gradually preparing by the Holy Spirit to receive +the instruction about to be more fully imparted. On the 22d +of September, about ten days before his execution, Jolin was +visited by Mr. Hall and another clergyman. He was then +sitting in his bed, and looking as wretched as might be expected +under the circumstances in which he was placed; as Mr. Pinel had +stated, “without hope for this world, or the +next.” They immediately entered upon the object of +their visit, and <a name="page12"></a><span class="pagenum">p. +12</span>spoke to him of the nature of his offence; of the sin of +murder, as condemned by the law of God, and aggravated in his +case, because committed against a parent; of its sentence in the +judgment of men, and its heinousness in the sight of God. +They pointed out to him, that, awful as is man’s sentence +against this crime, little consideration was due to this in +comparison with the condemnation which the law of God pronounced; +and that this condemnation had passed upon him, and that the +execution of its sentence of eternal death would be inflicted if +he did not repent, and seek help and pardon through Jesus +Christ. All this was manifest, for it was written in the +word of God, that murderers should have their part in the lake +which burneth with fire and brimstone (Rev. xxi. 8;) that +drunkards should not inherit the kingdom of God, (1 Cor. vi. 10:) +and this condemnation, it was also pointed out, extended not only +to these crimes, but to that of the general sin of the heart, and +was the necessary consequence of its separation and alienation +from God. That this condemnation would come upon all +sinners was evident, for it is written, “The wages of sin +is death,” (Rom. vi. 23.) One point appeared +particularly to produce the deepest sensation of pain in this +young man’s mind; this was the representation of the +conduct of God towards him in reference to his father; that +whilst that unhappy man had been cut off, and sent almost without +warning, with all his sins upon him, before the Judge who will +deal with every man according to his works, he, the murderer, had +been spared, and brought into a prison, where he had opportunity +given him to reflect upon his state, to seek for pardon, and +where salvation was offered to him, if he would turn and seek +it. The cry of, “Oh my father, my poor father!” +mingled with his sobs on that occasion.</p> +<p>Although Jolin’s crime was so palpable, and was +confessed by him in the fullest, yet as it was committed +unconsciously, and he had seen no traces of it, except in what +others told him, the whole seemed like a dream; and the deed +itself, with its appalling circumstances, were not likely to +fasten themselves on his mind as if it had been <a +name="page13"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 13</span>premeditated, +or as if he had been in full possession of his understanding, or +as if he, which he himself wished, had seen his father’s +murdered corpse. However, this circumstance afterwards +appeared to turn out to his advantage. It prevented him +from fixing his thoughts exclusively on a particular sin; and he +was thus less hindered in discovering the sinfulness of his +nature and of his general habits, and learning the lesson it is +often so difficult to comprehend, that we are not less condemned +by the law of God for our general alienation from him, than for +any one or more scandalous offences which we may have +committed. Not that this state of mind in Jolin prevented +him from coming to the deepest sense of his own particular +offence; for as he learned more thoroughly to understand the +nature of sin in general, his feeling for his peculiar crime more +deeply penetrated his soul. One other subject seemed to +produce in him the same intense state of feeling which the +mention of his father had done; this was the sin of intemperance, +which had, as I have before remarked, been the immediate cause of +his crime. Mr. Hall, thinking that he might be suffering +from the cold, confined as he was in a large stone-chamber, of +which the window was usually open, guarded him against seeking a +refuge from his sufferings from drinking. At the mention of +this, he went off again into expressions of horror at the +supposed possibility of such an offence in his tremendous +circumstances, and declared that nothing should again tempt him +thus to transgress. Yet, as Mr. Hall observes, were his +resolutions expressed rather as if smarting under the penalty of +his crime, than as if conscious of his own inability to keep the +engagement which he was entering into. He spoke as a man +strong in his own strength, and as yet unacquainted with the +perfect weakness of resolution not formed in dependence upon the +power of God.</p> +<p>On the point of again falling into the sins of which he seemed +to have repented, three distinct states were noticed in +Jolin’s case before his execution. At first, as at +this visit, he was fully confident that, if he were once <a +name="page14"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 14</span>more to be +set at liberty, he should never again become intoxicated. +Afterwards, when he came to discover the exceeding weakness of +his nature, he even dreaded the possibility of his life being +accorded to him, lest he should again fall into temptation. +And, lastly, he learned to believe, that having cast himself +entirely upon Divine grace, and, therefore, using those means of +watchfulness and prayer which the word of God prescribes, he +needed not fear, if he were called again to life, the temptation +even to those vices to which he had been most habituated. +On the occasion of this visit, the fifty-first Psalm was pointed +out to him. It was in the Prayer-book version, as there was +no Bible at hand. This Psalm, so remarkably calculated to +meet the experience of a man feeling deeply his sins, and more +particularly of one implicated as he was in such a variety of +vice, struck his attention very deeply; and the more so when, the +next day, it was read to him in the Bible translation, and its +chief points expounded to him. He learned a great part of +this Psalm by heart; it was nearly the last portion of Scripture +that he repeated; and it became one of the subjects of his +meditation during the long nights in which he was shut up +alone.</p> +<p>The next day, the 23d, two or three passages of Scripture were +introduced to his notice; besides which a fuller view was +presented to him of the nature and consequences of sin. On +this occasion he was taught in what manner sin is the defilement +of the whole heart; that even the sins of his youth brought him +just as much into condemnation before a holy God as his one great +crime; that eternal death was the wages of every transgression of +the Divine law; and that repentance unto life required not only a +feeling of sorrow for one sin, but for every sin, yea, for sin +itself, as an offence against the Almighty. The promises of +God to the chief of sinners were then pointed out him from Isa. +i. 18, that “though his sins were as scarlet, they might be +made white as snow;” and from Isa. lv. 6, 7, that “if +the wicked forsook his way, and returned unto the Lord, he would +have mercy, and abundantly <a name="page15"></a><span +class="pagenum">p. 15</span>pardon.” The former of +these passages remained fixed in his memory, and was a continual +source of consolation to his mind. He now began to feel +that his sins were as scarlet, and to desire earnestly to be +pardoned. Two other passages were also at that time +referred to, and enlarged upon. The first of these was John +iii. 14, 15. “As Moses lifted up the serpent in the +wilderness, even so must the Son of Man be lifted up, that +whosoever believeth on him should not perish, but have +everlasting life.” This type presenting so remarkable +an image of the Lord Jesus Christ lifted up to bear the sins of +his people, and affording a remedy to those who really believe in +Him, was peculiarly calculated to meet his case: and he was +further taught from it, that as this people, if they had rather +chosen to trust to other remedies, or had refused to look at the +brazen serpent, or had spent their time in mourning over their +maladies, instead of doing as they were commanded, would never +have been healed; so if the sinner does not look to Christ, there +is no hope for him. One other important lesson was also +gathered from this subject; namely, that “if a serpent had +bitten any man, when he beheld the serpent of brass, he +lived;” and in like manner, “Whosoever believeth on +Jesus Christ shall not perish, but have eternal +life.” Jolin was thus instructed in the mode of +pardon before God, through the merits of Jesus Christ; and in the +efficacy of this remedy, the universality of it to all that +believe, and the nature of faith, the means by which it can alone +be appropriated.</p> +<p>The last passage referred to was the history of the Scape +goat, contained in Lev. xvi. In this history we find that +Aaron, whilst the people afflicted their souls, (ver. 29,) laid +both his hands on the head of the live goat, and confessed on him +all the iniquities of the children of Israel, and all their +transgressions, putting them upon the head of the goat, and that +the goat bore away with him all their iniquities into a land not +inhabited. The illustration of this subject, and its +application to Jolin’s own case, were very obvious. +The people “afflicting their soul,” denoted the state +in which every sinner must present <a name="page16"></a><span +class="pagenum">p. 16</span>himself before God—for it is +the broken and the contrite heart which God will not despise; the +“confession of sin” on the head of the goat pointed +out the first and necessary duty of the returning +penitent—for “if we say that we have no sin we +deceive ourselves, and the truth is not in us; but if we confess +our sins, he is faithful and just to forgive us our sins:” +the laying the sins upon the head of the goat exhibited the act +of faith, by which the condemnation of the sinner is transferred +to his atoning sacrifice; and the leading away the goat into the +wilderness, the full, perfect, and eternal pardon promised in the +Gospel, of every sin to every repenting sinner.</p> +<p>Although Jolin was not a person of uncommon capacity, and +although these passages of Scripture seemed to be new to him, yet +he apprehended them in a manner which gave just indication that +his heart was under the Divine teaching. It is said, Isa. +liv. 13, “All thy children shall be taught of the +Lord.” This state of teachableness now seemed to have +been produced in this poor young man. The power of God had +made his heart <i>willing</i>, Ps. cx. 3; and he came very soon +to understand the truths by which he might be saved. When +the will of man is not disposed to submit to God, every doctrine +of the Gospel presents difficulties; one point is unreasonable, +another impossible, a third useless; but when the mind is taught +of God, it is astonishing how soon all these difficulties +vanish. The doctrines of the Gospel, which seem the most +hard to understand and to receive, are at once +comprehended. It is like a change from darkness to +light. The passages of Scripture which teach the sinfulness +of our own nature, the worth of a Saviour, the nature of faith, +the pleasantness of religion, the delight attendant upon dwelling +with God, are at once received and adopted; and the whole system +of Christianity is discovered to be one exactly suited to the +sinner’s own state. But the willingness of heart +which is necessary to a right reception of religion, we are every +where in Scripture taught, is the gift of the Holy Spirit. +It cometh “not of blood,” that is, from our parents; +“nor of the will of the flesh,” that <a +name="page17"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 17</span>is, by our +own natural inclination; “nor of the will of man,” +that is, by the teaching of others; “but of +God.” “The wind bloweth where it listeth, and +thou hearest the sound thereof, but canst not tell whence it +cometh and whither it goeth: so is every one that is born of the +Spirit.” We see then how necessary it is that, if any +man “lack wisdom,” he should “ask it of +God;” and so much the more, as our Lord himself declares, +Luke xi. 13, his desire to give his Holy Spirit to them that ask +him.</p> +<p>The 24th was the day of Jolin’s first trial, at the +close of which he was found guilty. Some of his friends, +whom he had asked to go to him, went after the trial. They +expected to find him, on this occasion, in some degree disturbed +and agitated in mind; but it was altogether otherwise. The +irons to which he was sentenced were put on him in their +presence. To this, as the natural consequence of his +condemnation, he submitted almost without notice. Indeed, +the trial and the condemnation itself seem to have made little or +no impression upon him; for it was only by minute and repeated +inquiry as to the proceedings of the day, that visitors could +obtain from him any account of them. His mind seemed +absorbed in something else; and what this was, afterwards +appeared. His conduct, during his trial, had been remarked +by many of his judges, as entirely suitable to his awful +situation. Indeed, his whole frame of mind was now +beginning to discover the influence of a new principle, and to +show that the great work of regeneration was taking place. +In the early part of his confinement, and indeed very recently, +he had wished, as he might naturally, for his escape; and his cry +to his advocate had been, “Save me from the gallows;” +but at this period, the desire that his life might be spared, +seemed to be taken away from him in a most astonishing +degree. It was not so with the very zealous and able +advocate to whom his cause had been committed, and who very +properly continued to the end, to urge every plea, and to +encourage his client to every effort, by which his punishment +might be remitted, or even delayed. His friends too were +most kindly anxious on this point; and they even <a +name="page18"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 18</span>attempted to +prove him insane, that they might effect their purpose. For +a time he was influenced by the same desire. But to those +who visited him about this period, he never once alluded to a +desire to escape; but on the contrary, seemed almost always to +refer to his sentence without apparent emotion; and towards the +end, he appeared to long for, and to be earnest for its +completion. This state of mind was no doubt to be +attributed to two causes; in part, to a complete acquaintance +with the state of his own case, and to its final settlement by +his judges; but probably much more to his new state of religious +feeling; a sense of his own spiritual condition had begun to +swallow up every other consideration.</p> +<p>A friend had given him the second chapter of the Ephesians for +his consideration, that he might gain still further views of his +state of guilt and defilement, and that he might more clearly +trace both the power of Divine grace, by which the sinner is +quickened, and the bright prospect placed before those who seek +for pardon by the blood of Christ. The conversation of this +day led to the subjects contained in this chapter; and more +particularly to the impossibility of man’s pardon, but by +the grace of God, through Christ Jesus. In the midst of a +statement of the hindrances in the way of salvation, from the +evil of our heart, the weakness of our best endeavours, and the +defilement of our services, Jolin remarked, “I must put off +my sins.” It was asked, what he meant by putting off +his sins. His answer manifested at once the simple, but +clear, manner in which he had received the Scripture illustration +pointed out to him the day before, and it was truly gladdening to +the feelings of his visitors: “Did you not tell me +yesterday about the live goat on whose head the sins were +laid?” The application of the type of the scape goat +had thus been made by him to his own state; and he had arrived at +the conviction, that, whatever might have been his sins, and +whatever were his hindrances, he was permitted to “put them +all off,” upon that all-sufficient atonement, the Lamb of +God, which taketh away the sins of the world. He had thus +been enabled to feel his burden, to bring it to the <a +name="page19"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 19</span>cross of +Christ; and at once it seemed to have fallen from him at the feet +of his Redeemer.</p> +<p>The nature of faith is illustrated in a very interesting +manner, by the case of Jolin. The sinfulness of his own +state he knew, and felt deeply. He did not, however, seek +to excuse himself, or to palliate his offences: he did not think +that past services would be any compensation to God; that any +circumstance of his life or character would skreen him from +Almighty wrath; or that by repentance he might be pardoned +through the mere mercy of his Heavenly Father. In himself, +therefore, he had no ground of hope whatsoever: he was as a +debtor who had nothing to pay; as a sick man whose case was +desperate: but he felt an assurance that Christ was able to pay +his debt, and to cure his disease, and that in his own particular +case, he would do it; and he himself did in heart, what the high +priest did with his hands, transfer all his sins to the +atonement. Thus he came to feel, not indeed presumptuously, +but with confidence, that all his sins were laid upon the +sacrifice; and he was able to contemplate the Saviour’s +mercies instead of his own merited doom as a sinner. The +ground of this assurance in his mind was an acceptance of the +simple testimony of God, that he would blot out his +transgressions. He believed in this word of promise, and +joy in believing was at once imparted to him. The +simplicity with which Jolin received the testimony of God in this +instance characterized his religious experience during the whole +of his remaining course. The Scriptures were as a message +of God to his soul. He received them as feeling there could +be no doubt but every word of them was true. I often, said +Mr. Hall, in the after part of his history, tried to persuade him +that it was, naturally speaking, an incredible thing that God +should have come in the flesh and atone for sin. But he +always said that he believed it, because it was so written in the +book which is the truth.</p> +<p>I have before noticed the indifference which Jolin appeared to +feel to outward circumstances. I have yet to observe +another point connected with it, in this day’s visit, <a +name="page20"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 20</span>which was the +brightness and almost cheerfulness of aspect that his manner and +countenance gradually assumed. In the period before his +condemnation, his downcast look and general air of wretchedness +were not unsuited to a state of despair; but now he lifted up his +head, and even his voice seemed to have changed its tone. +This surprising change was observed by others. Mr. Hammond, +Jolin’s advocate, told M. Durell, as he himself has +recorded it, that when he saw the prisoner on the twenty-third of +September, he found him “in really a distracted state, torn +by every conflicting passion, and all his faculties hurried by +the unutterable anguish of remorse. The dread of death was +uppermost in his thoughts; and there was nothing to which he +would not have submitted to avoid capital punishment: but when he +saw him again on the evening of the twenty-sixth, he was +astonished at the sudden change which had taken place in him: he +was calm, placid, and resigned, and he had not one wish to +live. I then,” continues Mr. Durell, “mentioned +to Mr. Hammond, that I had found him exactly in that state on my +first visit, the twenty-sixth, which had preceded his own only by +a few hours.” He adds, “the opinion of an +impartial and enlightened man, like Mr. Hammond, was certainly +very important: but M. de Quetteville, the mayor of the town, and +other laymen of the highest respectability, who had formerly +known the prisoner, had been equally struck with that great and +salutary change. From a comparison of dates,” adds +Mr. Durell, “I am inclined to believe, that his change must +not only have been rapid, but that his heart must have been +almost as instantaneously touched as that of the penitent +malefactor in the gospel.” Now how was this wonderful +change to be accounted for? We read in Acts xvi. 34, that +when the keeper of the prison in Philippi had received St. +Paul’s message, “Believe on the Lord Jesus Christ, +and thou shalt be saved;” that he “took” the +apostles “<i>the same hour of the night</i>, and washed +their stripes;” and was “baptized,” and +rejoiced believing in God. It was perhaps this very feeling +of joy which Jolin now experienced; <a name="page21"></a><span +class="pagenum">p. 21</span>a joy which arose from a clear, full, +well-grounded belief in the doctrine of justification by +faith. This doctrine, which gives peace with God, is, when +rightly apprehended, attended with an experience of the love of +God shed abroad in the heart by the Holy Ghost, Rev. i. v., and +this necessarily brings joy with it. Thus, the man who has +been taught to look to him that justifieth the ungodly, is able +to walk in the light of God’s countenance, and is +“filled with all joy and peace in believing.”</p> +<p>On the 25th, Jolin narrated to his visitor the whole history +of his melancholy life; his difficulties and discomforts, +arising, not so much from others, as from his own sinful, wilful +heart. Like many other young persons, he had chosen the way +of dissipation and folly, instead of that which many +circumstances had led him to think was a happier and a safer +course. It is indeed true, that his parents were not in a +state to check him in his proceedings; but he seems to have had +at many intervals those convictions of conscience which were +sufficient to have guarded him from the transgressions into which +he fell, and even to have guided him to seek the paths of +religion. His wretched education, however, came in aid of +his natural self-will, and soon confirmed him in those vices +which led to his ruin.</p> +<p>His state had been, as he himself described it, at times truly +miserable; but drinking had quickly expelled every conviction of +his own guilt, and he soon returned again to his mad +career. He observed to Mr. Durell, that since 1823, he had +not seen one happy week.—There are two things to observe on +these transient convictions of guilt in a state of +unconversion. Until the Spirit of God has enlightened the +heart, sin does not by any means, in all cases, appear as it had +appeared to Jolin, and as it invariably does to the renewed +heart, a grievous burden. The life of many wretched sinners +is one unbroken course of self-satisfaction. They are +described in the seventy-third Psalm, as often passing from their +cradles to their graves without a feeling of sorrow, or an +apprehension of <a name="page22"></a><span class="pagenum">p. +22</span>death. The Bible, however, teaches, that such a +state of unmixed prosperity is the most dangerous in which a man +can be placed; that the sinner, when thus left alone of God, is +lifted to that very slippery pinnacle from which he will fall to +his eternal ruin. Ministers cannot, therefore, press upon +their ungodly hearers the universal conviction of the misery +attending upon sin as an evidence of their unconverted state, +because sin does not in this life uniformly bring along with it +any such conviction. Their state of self-complacency is, +indeed, a state which comes as short of the real spiritual +happiness of the true Christian, as darkness does of light; but +it often affords a false peace, which perhaps does not leave the +sinner till his punishment begins, and the door of hope is shut +against him for ever. Another observation arising from +Jolin’s feeling of wretchedness in his former state, is, +that the pain sometimes connected either with the practice of +sin, or a view of its consequences, will not, unassisted by the +Spirit of God, produce the real repentance which the Gospel +requires. It is true, the compunctions of conscience, like +the afflictions of life, are means often used to prepare the +sinner for the doctrines of the Gospel. Yet, in how many +cases do we find men wounded, but not contrite; stunned, but not +really affected by the deepest distresses of life. Thus we +learn, that it is not any mere dispensation of Providence which +necessarily brings men to that knowledge and faith which are +needful for salvation. It is true, that God does bless the +endeavours of the willing mind whenever he sees them; but the +mind is not necessarily made willing because it suffers, any more +than a child is necessarily made more compliant by the punishment +which is inflicted. Some substances harden whilst others +melt under the fire. Thus some souls are only confirmed in +sin by the events which are instrumental in recovering others +from it. For this he must be quickened by the power of God, +he must have an entirely different sense imparted to him from the +mere feeling of the misery of an evil course, or the afflictions +of life; he must be convinced of his own desperate state in the +sight of God, and <a name="page23"></a><span class="pagenum">p. +23</span>of the need of that sacrifice which the Saviour has +wrought out, before that good work is really begun, which, it is +promised, shall be carried on till the day of Jesus Christ. +So far, then, from the common notion, that the sufferings of our +life will atone for its offences, those sufferings have no +connexion whatever with our state hereafter, except as they may +have been a means of bringing us to seek that sacrifice by whom +alone any of our sins can be pardoned.</p> +<p>But to return to Jolin’s history. In the visit of +the 25th, he was again led to a consideration of the only +sacrifice for man’s transgression, particularly as it is +exhibited in the fifty-third chapter of Isaiah. In this +portion of Scripture he learnt more exactly the cause for which +Jesus Christ came on the earth, and became a man of sorrows, and +acquainted with grief:—“Surely he hath borne our +griefs, and carried our sorrows.” “He was +wounded for our transgressions, he was bruised for our +iniquities; the chastisement of our peace was upon him, and with +his stripes we are healed. All we like sheep have gone +astray: we have turned everyone to his own way; and the Lord hath +laid on him the iniquity of us all.” Other passages +of Scripture, connected with this subject, and pointing out the +love of God as the first cause of man’s salvation, were +also explained to him, as, Rom. v. 8, “While we were yet +sinners, Christ died for us.” And in connexion with +this, Ephes. ii. 4, 5, “God, who is rich in mercy, for his +great love wherewith he loved us even when we were dead in sin, +hath quickened us together with Christ.” And, Rom. +viii. 1, “There is no condemnation to them that are in +Christ Jesus, who walk not after the flesh, but after the +Spirit.” The being in Christ Jesus, and the nature of +faith, by which alone he could apply the merits and sufferings of +the Saviour, were now, as they were continually, dwelt upon.</p> +<p>The faith of the Gospel, he was more particularly taught, was +such a reception of the truths of Scripture, and more especially +of the engagement of God to pardon every sinner who came to him +in Christ Jesus, as led not only to an entire dependence upon +Christ, but to a complete <a name="page24"></a><span +class="pagenum">p. 24</span>submission to his will, and a +consequent change in our own nature. It was not merely a +reception of the doctrine of faith, which was to be regarded as +faith in the soul, but the creation in the heart of a new and +animated feeling of trust in the Redeemer. The influence of +faith in the soul was like that of food to the body; it imparts a +new feeling and character; gives new nourishment and vigour, and +works by love, not only to the Saviour himself, but to all around +us. Faith, therefore, to be a living principle, must be +felt by ourselves, and must be seen by others: and of both these +points the faith of this young man gave ample proof. It +gave confidence to his own mind, and even gladdened his heart; it +made the Bible a new book to him; it cheered the solitude of his +prison; it directed him to be mindful of every practical duty; it +gave a new direction to all his hopes and fears, and enabled him +to go onwards in a spirit of filial dependence to meet the last +conflict. It was at this time, I think, that he made a +confession, which served to explain his previous state of mind, +and to show how remarkably his attention was fixed on one +point. “How extraordinary, sir,” said he, +“it is, that for these last two days I have been able to +give my mind only to <i>one</i> subject; the thought of my crime +and of my death have been taken from me, and I have scarcely been +able to give my attention to either.” The one subject +which occupied all his attention, and shut out every other, was +the love <a name="page25"></a><span class="pagenum">p. +25</span>of his Saviour, who had given himself for his +sins. This, as he said, “filled his +heart.” His state of mind served to show the +absorbing nature of this Divine principle when it is fully +implanted in the soul. When the mind has suddenly gained a +view of its former state of alienation, and has been brought nigh +again to God, it is impossible that the sense of this vast change +should not swallow up every other feeling. It is difficult +at all times to think much of God, and to think of any thing +else; but how much more, when the first conviction of the Divine +presence overwhelms the soul. And, as David, in the +fifty-first Psalm, appears to have comparatively lost sight of +his sin against his country, the family of Uriah, and of all the +consequences of it, in the depth of the feeling which he had of +his sin against God; so the love of Christ took possession of +Jolin’s mind; and in its length, and breadth, and depth, +and height, so filled his thoughts, and so absorbed his soul, +that every other subject sank into nothing.</p> +<p>It will be manifest, that, in the explanation of all these +subjects, there was a constant repetition of points before +explained, and reference to many texts which are not +noticed. Jolin did not talk much; and indeed it was chiefly +in answer to a question, that he made any observation at +all. When a passage of Scripture was read to him, he would +often take the Bible and read it over slowly to himself, then +observe carefully whether a paper to mark it was so placed, that +he might find the place again, and return the book with some +slight expression of his feelings. In this way did he seem +to lay up portions of the Divine word, upon which he might +reflect in his solitary hours. His manner was always calm +and self-possessed; and his answers to questions were such as +showed that he clearly understood the grounds upon which the +answer was to be made. He was never beside the mark in a +reply. But it was quite evident that all the lessons which +were taught him, and which had the warrant of scriptural +authority, sank into his heart, and that he found in them that +which corresponded with his own experience.</p> +<p>The next day, the 26th, he was visited by Mr. Dallas, one of +the chaplains of the Bishop of Winchester, and by Mr. Durell, the +rector of St. Saviour’s parish. These two clergymen +have each given public and repeated testimony to the state of +mind in which they found Jolin. The visit of Mr. Dallas was +chiefly occupied in an endeavour to search out the reality of the +foundation upon which the hope of the penitent rested, and he +viewed it as most satisfactory. Mr. Durell visited Jolin at +the request of the Dean of Jersey, in whose parish the prison is +situated. Mr. Durell says in his little work, “I came +to perform <a name="page26"></a><span class="pagenum">p. +26</span>a difficult and unpleasant duty, which, indeed, I could +not refuse. I mention this indifference,” he adds, +“to show, that when I first repaired to this poor +man’s dungeon, there must have been something very powerful +to have affected me to such a degree.” He at first +brought Dodd’s Prison Thoughts with him to read to Jolin; +but, on the suggestion of a friend, he changed this book for the +Bible. Mr. Durell visited Jolin many times: and he has +published an account of each visit. His remarks are candid, +kind, and very clear as to his belief of the real change of +Jolin’s character. The facts which he narrates are +some of them in the highest degree interesting. “I +have sympathised,” he says, “in Jolin’s cell, +in all the horrors of his situation. I have shuddered at +his nefarious parricide; I have rejoiced in his unfeigned +repentance; and I have been soothed by his delightful +anticipations of a blessed immortality.” He adds, on +one occasion, “I never saw a man more free from +enthusiasm. All his religion centred in the atonement of +Christ.” On another, “I never heard him +complain of the evidence against him, nor of his sentence; never +did an expression of murmur or of invective escape from +him.” He says again, “This visit lasted three +hours; than which none ever made a deeper impression on me, or +will perhaps be more conducive to my own spiritual +improvement.” He adds again, “It may, perhaps, +be supposed, that it was the dread of death which had excited his +religious fervour; on the contrary, those apprehensions ceased +from the moment that holy principle originated in his heart: +neither was it that instinctive fear of dying that drove him into +religious inquiries and self-examination. That fear may, +indeed, have caused a wicked man to be sorry for his sin; but the +growth in knowledge, in grace, and in so many gifts of the +Spirit, was so extraordinary and so unprecedented, that I cannot +account for it as having been the result of natural causes +operating on an ardent and distracted mind. I am not only +impartial, but am conscious that I am as free from superstition +and enthusiasm <a name="page27"></a><span class="pagenum">p. +27</span>as any man; yet I feel inwardly convinced, that +Jolin’s conversation had something in it more than human; +and that Providence assisted him with an imperceptible, though +equally miraculous, working of the Holy Spirit; to the end that +his edifying repentance might operate like a distinguished +example to open the bosom of many an infidel to an examination of +the sacred truths of Christianity, and to persuade the +thoughtless and profligate, that, unless they abandon their +dangerous course, they will be doomed to certain +destruction.”</p> +<p>But it may be interesting to lay before your readers the last +communication of this kind friend, when Jolin was about to be +executed. It was in a letter to one of the ministers then +with him in the prison.</p> +<blockquote><p style="text-align: right">St. Saviour’s, +Oct. 3, 1829, 9 o’clock in the morning.</p> +<p>“Sir,—The deep, the Christian interest, which I +feel for our departing brother, induces me to write you a short +note. Tell him that I pray that the strength which is +imparted from on high may not fail him in his last hour, and that +the sufferings of the Saviour may inspire him with religious +courage to bear his sufferings. Tell him also, that since +we are not to meet again on earth, he departs with my blessing +and my prayers; and that, I trust, we shall meet again where +every tear shall be dried from every eye. The sixteenth +chapter of St. John is most particularly adapted to his awful +situation. The thirty-third verse is a glorious precept and +example for him: ‘These things have I spoken to you, that +in me ye might have peace. In the world ye shall have +tribulation: but, be of good cheer, I have overcome the +world.’</p> +<p style="text-align: right">“I am, sir, yours truly,<br /> +“<span class="smcap">E. Durell</span>.”</p> +</blockquote> +<p>On the last Sunday of his life, Jolin had many visitors. +His mind seemed gradually to ripen for eternity. He gained +every day clearer views of his sinful nature, of the power of +Divine grace, of the nature of faith, of the immensity of the +love of Christ, and of the offer of a free <a +name="page28"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 28</span>salvation +made to himself. He could now trace very distinctly, in the +various events of his life, the manifestations of the great mercy +of God in his favour. The returning prodigal (Luke xv.) he +felt more and more to represent himself and his own case. +He saw his heavenly Father waiting to be gracious to him. +He had scarcely time to offer up his supplications, when he +found, that before he called, God had answered, and while he was +yet speaking, He had heard. There was one circumstance +connected with the visit of this day which is, in itself, +striking. The last trial was to take place on the +morrow. He had, under the direction of his legal adviser, +prepared a paper, which was to be read to the jury. There +was still, therefore, a possibility of his escape from the +punishment of death. This latter circumstance became a +subject of conversation, and an earnest hope was expressed on the +part of his visitor, that, if he was set at liberty, he would be +supported by Divine grace, and that he would be enabled to live +to the glory of God. His answer to this observation clearly +showed how well he understood the power of the grace of God, and +how entirely his heart was stayed upon that as his only support +in every emergency of his life, whether he were to escape from +prison, or be led to the scaffold. He observed, “Sir, +the man that is fit to <i>die</i>, is fit to <i>live</i>. I +have known what it is to have a heart as hard as a diamond; but I +now feel I have a heart of flesh.” His persuasion was +thus very clearly expressed, that the same power which had +changed his heart from stone to flesh, could and would keep him +on his way; and that, depending upon Divine grace, he need not +fear whether life or death were presented to him. In this +calm and confiding posture of mind, he seemed continually to +rest. All his hope and trust were grounded on his +Saviour. He had come to the full experience of the +psalmist—“It is good for me to draw near to +God.”</p> +<p>A hymn of Cowper’s, which had been given to him, seemed +very much to have arrested his attention this day. It is on +the subject of the fountain opened for sin, and for uncleanness. +(Zech. xiii. 1.)</p> +<blockquote><p><a name="page29"></a><span class="pagenum">p. +29</span>“There is a fountain filled with blood,<br /> + Drawn from Immanuel’s veins;<br /> +And sinners plunged beneath that flood<br /> + Lose all their guilty stains.</p> +<p>The dying thief rejoiced to see<br /> + That fountain in his day;<br /> +And there have I, though vile as he,<br /> + Wash’d all my sins away.</p> +<p>E’er since, by faith, I saw the stream<br /> + Thy flowing wounds supply,<br /> +Redeeming love has been my theme,<br /> + And shall be till I die.</p> +<p>Then, in a nobler, sweeter song,<br /> + I’ll sing thy power to save,<br /> +When this poor lisping, stammering tongue<br /> + Lies silent in the grave.</p> +<p>Lord, I believe thou hast prepared<br /> + (Unworthy though I be)<br /> +For me a blood-bought free reward,<br /> + A golden harp for me.</p> +<p>’Tis strung and tuned for endless years,<br /> + And formed by power divine,<br /> +To sound in God the Father’s ears,<br /> + No other name but thine.”</p> +</blockquote> +<p>This hymn he was very fond of, and he repeated it on his way +to the scaffold. It had been an object to store the mind of +Jolin with subjects which might, by the Divine blessing, be +sources of encouragement and of comfort to him when left alone +with his Bible, or in the silent hours of the night. The +following points, in addition to those already enumerated, had +been dwelt upon; and now, as the opportunities for visiting his +prison by the individual who proposed them, had drawn to a close, +some of them were at this time again earnestly pressed upon his +attention. These were, the “tender mercy” of +God, (Luke i. 78,) <a name="page30"></a><span class="pagenum">p. +30</span>by which alone the Day-spring from on high visits the +soul, and by which it is brought out of its state of natural +darkness; the view of Christ touched with the feeling of our +infirmities, (Heb. iv. 15, 16,) and encouraging us to go with +boldness to the Throne of grace; the invitation to ask with +importunity for the Holy Spirit (Luke xi. 1–11); the +intercession of Jesus for his people (Rom. viii. 34); the +promise, that God who had not spared his own Son would with him +freely give us all things (Rom. viii. 32); the remedy against all +trouble to be found in faith in the Lord Jesus Christ (John xiv. +1); the parting address and prayer of Christ (John xiv. xv. xvi. +xvii.); and the engagement that nothing shall separate the +believer from the love of Christ (Rom. viii. 35–39). +To this was added, as much examination as to the working of these +doctrines on his heart, the degree in which they were felt, and +their practical bearing, as the time and circumstances would +admit. All these subjects Jolin appeared to understand and +to receive; and if he could not enumerate them as distinct +articles of his religious creed, yet he seemed fully to +comprehend and to receive them as the testimony of God.</p> +<p>Monday, the 28th, was the day fixed for his second trial; and +here he exhibited the character of a real Christian. His +defence he had written before, and it was as +follows:—“Gentlemen, whatever may be my fate, I shall +not die without having to reproach myself for not having quitted +my father’s house. By so doing, I should have avoided +being the victim in different unhappy affairs that often took +place between my father and mother, in which I was generally the +object upon which the weight of their discontent fell. I +was often obliged to submit to being beaten most severely, and to +hear language unworthy of being uttered by either father or +mother. Now, left to myself in the solitude of a dungeon, I +reflect on times gone by, remembering that I was the only child, +abandoned to the most deplorable fate. Yet I ought to have +been wiser, and not followed the example of my nearer relations, +the source of my misfortune. But now that respectable +ministers of the Gospel have taken the trouble to visit me, and +<a name="page31"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 31</span>point out +my duty towards God and towards man, I rest contented. I +pray to God to pardon the horrible, but never premeditated crime +of which I am guilty. If I ever had an intention of killing +my poor father, I had a very favourable opportunity of doing so, +when he was stretched upon a bed of sickness, unable to help +himself. I was then the only person who took care of him, +and administered to his wants, as there was no other person +besides myself in the house. I beg pardon of all those whom +I may have willingly or unwillingly offended. Gentlemen, +after this declaration, I submit myself entirely to your +wisdom. It is you who are going to decide my fate. I +am ready to meet it, and I will submit to your judgment without a +murmur.—<span class="smcap">Ph. G. Jolin</span>.”</p> +<p>This paper is a translation from the French, in which language +it was originally written. Whether it is accurately +translated, or whether it was written by Jolin himself, or by his +advocate, it is impossible to judge. The passage in it +which relates to his parents, if his own, is liable to +objection. The faults of a parent, especially faults so +awfully punished, ought not to have made a part of his +defence. If the language is that of his advocate, it is +only the language of legal justification, and the facts are both +true and of much weight for the extenuation of his crime.</p> +<p>It is said, that during his trial, his calmness was +remarkable. His lips apparently were employed in prayer, +and this he afterwards confessed was the case. He prayed +for himself, that he might be strengthened to go through his +trial, and also for his judges and his jury. There was no +effrontery in his look; but, on the contrary, the appearance of +deep humiliation. For four hours, during which time his +trial lasted, he never lifted his eyes from the ground. On +his return from the trial, he had to encounter the indignation of +the populace against his crime. On the former occasion, a +woman had cried, “Ah, le scelerat!” which had a good +deal affected him. This time he addressed the people from +the prison gates, and when they observed that he was half dead +from fatigue, he said, amongst other things, “I have a +strength within <a name="page32"></a><span class="pagenum">p. +32</span>me ye know not. This supports me. Weep not +for me, weep for yourselves.”</p> +<p>During the following days of his life, he received continual +visits from a variety of persons. On the 28th, the Rev. P. +Filluel; on the 29th, from both the chaplains of the Bishop of +Winchester; Mr. Dallas was indeed as assiduous in his attendance +at the gaol, as his many other duties at that time would permit; +and all these gentlemen expressed the strongest conviction of the +reality of Jolin’s conversion. Many ministers, and +others beside, very kindly came, desiring to impart to him some +spiritual gift. He received all gladly; but more especially +those whose conversation led him to believe that they came to him +in the fulness of Christian love. His discernment on this +point was a striking evidence of the clear views of doctrine +which he had attained. He perceived and felt the inadequacy +of those religious systems which were not connected with deep and +experimental views of personal corruption; and with exclusive +dependence for salvation upon the atonement of Jesus +Christ. With a sense of gratitude for the instruments made +use of in awakening his mind, Jolin appeared remarkably +independent of any outward help. He was by no means like a +man who hung upon another’s teaching, but upon that of +God. It was on this account that he was, perhaps, able to +bear without injury the multifarious instruction which he +received. His own language was most satisfactory; he always +spoke of the salvation procured for him as a free and unmerited +gift of God; and dwelt upon the peculiar manifestation of +God’s grace to himself, inasmuch as he had twice saved him +from shipwreck when he was in an entirely unprepared state to +meet death, and now he had been brought to that prison that he +might learn the way of salvation. His expressions of the +sense of his own unworthiness were clear and strong. He +told one of his friends that he had nothing to offer to God, but +his heart; that all his repentance, all his resolutions, all his +short conflict with the carnal heart, could never expiate his +sin. On another occasion he said, that he was not worthy to +pick up the crumbs under his Master’s table; and on +another, that Christ was his only hope; that <a +name="page33"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 33</span>He had paid +his ransom, and that He would receive him into glory. With +another class of visitors, those of his family and friends, he +was equally decided in declaring what great things God had done +for his soul, and what necessity there was that they should turn +and repent if they would be saved. Indeed, a discourse of +this kind had made some of them think him insane. He had +told his relations who had come to him, that he was formerly +unclean and unholy; that they were so at that moment. He +therefore entreated them to apply to <i>Him</i> who had cast out +the unclean devils into the swine, to cleanse their souls. +On all occasions, when he could, he manifested the same desire to +instruct others, and lead them to that refuge which he had found +so precious to his own soul.</p> +<p>On Thursday, October 1, Mr. Durell records a very interesting +visit which he paid the prisoner: interesting, as it showed the +state of mind in which he found him. “As we +approached the passage,” says Mr. Durell, “we could +hear the loud ejaculations of the prisoner’s +prayers.” The gaoler observed, that he always found +him thus employed when he was left alone in the cell. Mr. +Durell read to him the account of our Saviour’s death, from +Matthew xxvii., and concluded with a prayer, at the end of which +Jolin was much affected. He exhibited, on this occasion, +the deepest sense of gratitude to all about him; and Mr. Hammond, +his advocate, who was also present, bore witness to the calmness +and the change of Jolin’s state of mind. To the +latter gentleman, he, on that occasion, expressed his sense of +the great services rendered to him on his trial. He sat up +on his bed, and clasping both his hands together, said most +earnestly, “Mr. Hammond, I thank you over and over again +for the pains you have taken for me. I regret that I have +nothing to give to reward you as you deserve.” This +same sense of gratitude led him constantly to express his thanks +to his gaoler, whose kindness and attention, those who were so +often going out and in the prison can fully testify. But it +was not on this occasion alone, for the evidence afforded to his +state of mind was very remarkable. The acting +lieutenant-governor, <a name="page34"></a><span +class="pagenum">p. 34</span>the dean, the mayor, a leading +medical man who came to inquire into his insanity, clergymen, +dissenting ministers, his advocate, his relations, his +attendants, all appear to have come away from the prison with a +common conviction, that the power of God had been at work in +producing the wonderful change which they witnessed.</p> +<p>On the day previous to his execution, the event to which I +have referred with regard to his relations occurred. They, +not understanding the nature of the change which had taken place +in him, and, judging from reports of blows which he had received, +and other circumstances, endeavoured to establish the plea of +insanity; and they brought a very eminent medical practitioner to +examine into his state. But this interference was followed +by the best consequences; for, whilst on the one hand it was +clearly ascertained that Jolin was in no state of derangement, or +delusion, or enthusiastic fervour; on the other, the clearest and +most satisfactory evidence was given of his real state of +mind. After this, the Dean of Jersey kindly attended to +administer the sacrament to him. Before he received the +holy communion, he underwent an examination; and to the dean, and +three other clergymen, he gave, in answer to their questions, a +reason of the hope that was in him. He explained with such +clearness the object and the nature of his faith, testified so +deep a sense of his own unworthiness, and showed so good a +feeling towards all his fellow-creatures, that they had not, any +of them, a doubt of his fitness to partake of the feast prepared +for the penitent sinner. This examination, which was +peculiarly solemn and affecting to Jolin, looking, as most of the +people of that island do, with deep veneration on the high and +sacred office of the dean, was remarkably calculated to detect +any thing which might be suspicious in his views, or in his real +state. Throughout this day, Mr. Hall reports, that Jolin +was longing to depart, and to be with Christ, saying, “The +hours pass slowly.” It was remarked that he must wait +God’s time, who had yet work for him to do in his +vineyard. And most faithfully was every hour devoted <a +name="page35"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 35</span>to the duties +of his immediate calling. He warned, rebuked, exhorted, +with all long-suffering and patience. He said he thought it +would be better for him to die on the scaffold, than quietly in +his cell, as he might thereby glorify God by his patience, and be +an example to all of the fatal consequences of indulgence in +sin.</p> +<p>Mr. Durell has given an account of his last visit to Jolin on +the evening of this day. He chose the same subject to read +to him as on the day before, but from another Evangelist. +It was Luke xxiii., the account of our Saviour’s +crucifixion. During the reading, Jolin’s sensibility +was greatly excited, and his half-broken sobs were heard. +Mr. Durell, thinking it proper to check this state of mind, +pointed out the sufferings of Christ as a matter of holy joy, and +threatened to lay down the book, and read no more, if Jolin +continued to feel so much. Mr. Durell, wishing to avoid any +thing which might discompose Jolin, carefully omitted making any +comment on the most affecting part of our Saviour’s +sufferings. He, on the other hand, sought to comfort him by +an application of the promise, that “they who sow in tears, +shall reap in joy;” and by the prospect of paradise held +out to the penitent thief. He adds, in conclusion, +“In the course of my profession, I have seen many +individuals on the brink of the grave; but never before did I +witness such coolness and such self-command—a scene so +holy, so edifying, so sublime. Had he been in the full +bloom of human prosperity, and with the prospect of adding half a +century longer to his existence, he could not have been more +collected. I was myself almost falling into a delusion +contrary to the evidence of my own senses. I could not +believe that one so near his end could retain so much courage, or +such contempt of ignominy and death. I could not believe +that one so gentle, and now so well instructed in religious +duties, could have been ever capable of committing a crime for +which he deserved to die—that he could have been a +murderer.”</p> +<p>On the night previous to his execution, the kind relation who +had first visited him in the prison, and brought him <a +name="page36"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 36</span>the first +message of salvation, in bringing him the New Testament, and Mr. +Gallachin, an excellent minister of the church, sat up with +him. They endeavoured to sing a hymn, and, feeling the +imperfection of the service, he said, “To-morrow I shall +join in very different singing from this.” At +half-past one in the morning, he fell into a kind of dozing +stupor for an hour, but did not sleep. During that time he +was heard repeating the fifty-first Psalm, and also repeatedly +exclaiming, “Glory to the Lamb! glory to our Lord Jesus +Christ!” and when he awoke, he said that he had seen +glorious things in a dream. He also said, between sleeping +and waking, as it appeared, “There is now, therefore, no +condemnation for them that are in Christ Jesus.” At +waking he requested that a hymn might be sung. The next +morning Mr. Hall went to him at half-past six +o’clock. When he entered his cell, Jolin said, +“Oh, Mr. Hall, I am so glad to see you; I am so +happy. I have slept four hours, and the rest of the night +we have spent in such delightful conversation. I feel so +strong, but I will wait patiently the Lord’s +time.” The day before, I have observed, he thought +the hours passed slowly, he was so anxious to depart and to be +with Christ. Mr. Hall took occasion to warn him, that he +had still a work to do. He must not only glorify his +Saviour by his conduct, and by his patient resignation, but he +must again speak a word of warning to those about him. And +he assured him that he might be able to do more for the praise +and honour of his Master in his death upon the scaffold, by +bearing testimony to his own exceeding wickedness, and to the +unsearchable mercy and love of Christ, than if he had died in a +more private manner. To this he assented, and took the +resolution of doing all in his power. “Great, +indeed,” says Mr. Hall, “were the grace and support +which he enjoyed. He felt sick at breakfast time, and could +not eat; but, to oblige me, he said he would try. About +nine o’clock his irons were taken off; and I could not help +thinking of this as symbolical of that liberty which soon, when +passed beyond this life, he would enjoy for ever in the presence +of his <a name="page37"></a><span class="pagenum">p. +37</span>Saviour. Jolin immediately proposed to me to kneel +down and thank God for what he had done for him; saying, ‘I +have always before prayed in bed; now I can go on my knees in the +proper posture for a sinner.’ Oh, at this time, how +deep were his confessions of sin, committed both in thought, +word, and deed; his acknowledgment of mercy through Jesus Christ; +his expressions of dependence upon Him for grace, to keep him in +his fiery trial, and to open for him the kingdom of heaven! +When he drank his milk, he said, ‘Oh! God, I thank thee +that thou hast been so merciful and good to me, who have been so +great a sinner!’ His hand was never cold, and his +pulse was always regular to the end. I never witnessed one +to whom the Lord was pleased to give a stronger faith, which was +proved by his conduct to the last. He sat calmly speaking +and listening till about half-past twelve; when he left the +prison, leaning on me and Mr. Gallachin. An immense +concourse of people presented itself at the prison gates, and +their rush and noise were greater than we expected. The +newspaper account says—‘He was calm and collected, +walked with steadiness, and evinced throughout the most decorous +firmness. We could not perceive that he trembled. His +mind seemed quite absorbed in religious exercises; and, from all +we can learn, there was good and satisfactory evidence that he +was a true penitent, and relied on the Divine +mercy.’”</p> +<p>As he was leaving the gaol he was heard to repeat the fourth +verse of the twenty-third Psalm, “Yea, though I walk +through the valley of the shadow of death, I will fear no evil; +for thou art with me, thy rod and thy staff they comfort +me.” Mr. Hall continues: “The noise of the +people prevented my being heard by Jolin, who walked as firmly as +myself: I therefore opened my hymn-book, and pointed out to him +the sufficiency of the Redeemer, in one of those hymns which I +had previously chosen for his perusal. The hymn chosen was +one beginning—</p> +<blockquote><p>‘He lives, the great Redeemer lives!<br /> +What joy the blest assurance gives!<br /> +<a name="page38"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 38</span>And now, +before his Father, God,<br /> +Pleads the full merit of his blood.</p> +<p>In every dark, distressful hour,<br /> +When sin and Satan join their power,<br /> +Let this dear hope repel the dart,<br /> +That Jesus bears us on his heart.’</p> +</blockquote> +<p>“He told me, that he did not mind the people, that they +were poor worms; that he would endeavour to warn them from the +scaffold, for they were standing on the brink of the pit. +We mounted the steepest part of the gallows hill. He said, +his Saviour had toiled up Calvary with a cross, which he ought to +be thankful that he had not to bear; and that Jesus Christ had +done this for <i>his</i> sake, whereas, he was receiving the due +reward of his transgression. This reflection seemed to give +new wings to his exertions in pressing up the rock. I think +that a worse place of ascent could not have been chosen. +When we arrived at the summit, the Greffier read his sentence +aloud, and Mr. Gallachin prayed most fervently with him in +French. After the prayer, he ascended the platform with Mr. +Gallachin and myself, and addressed the people in French, as you +will see by the account in the newspaper. But the account +is deficient in one most essential point. He urged the +people by the <i>love</i> of <i>Christ</i>, whom he had +crucified, and whom they were crucifying by their +sins.” The substance of his warning was on the +subject of intemperance, Sabbath-breaking, the neglect of God and +of religion; and it was addressed principally to parents and to +the young. These warnings he twice delivered; once before, +and once after the rope was fastened round his neck. +“Although I do not accurately remember,” Mr. Hall +continues, “the words of any of his speeches, I can safely +say, that he expressed his conviction that the work which had +taken place in his heart had been effected by no power or will of +his own, but by a sovereign act of Divine grace. Jolin then +read aloud some verses from the Testament, which sufficiently +indicate the view which <a name="page39"></a><span +class="pagenum">p. 39</span>he took both of the nature of his +change, and of the source from whence it sprang. They are +taken from 1 Pet. i. 3–5: ‘Blessed be the God and +Father of our Lord Jesus Christ, which according to his abundant +mercy hath begotten us again unto a lively hope, by the +resurrection of Jesus Christ from the dead, to an inheritance +incorruptible and undefiled, and that fadeth not away, reserved +in heaven for you, who are kept by the power of God through faith +unto salvation, ready to be revealed in the last +time.’ To these verses he was particularly +partial. He then spoke to me, and told me that he had full +confidence in the sufficiency of the blood of Christ to blot out +all his sins; and that He who had loved him so much as to shed +his blood for him, and had kept him to that hour stedfast and +immoveable, would receive him into glory. When the cap was +drawn over his face, I told him not to dread the momentary pain, +for soon he would be in the presence of his Saviour. He +pressed my hand, and said he was not afraid; for he knew that He +would take him unto himself. I told him that I would pray +that his sufferings might be short, and went down.” +Mr. Gallachin then read a part of the Burial Service, until the +fatal moment. His sufferings appeared not to be great, and +were of brief duration. “Whilst I was in +prayer,” Mr. Hall adds, “the drop fell, and our poor +brother I knew had entered into the presence of his +Redeemer. The women around me screamed out, ‘The Lord +have mercy upon his poor soul!’ I could not but pray +that their souls might find the same mercy. He died without +a struggle. I never saw him after I pressed his hand when +alive, as I ascended the hill through the crowd, and was spared +seeing his mortal remains.”</p> +<p>Thus ended the course of a young man, whose history is a +solemn memorial, not only of the awful effects of a bad +education, and of the wretchedness of sin, but also of the +wonderful compassion of God. Much of what has been narrated +may appear almost incredible to some readers; and many of those, +especially, who are justly suspicions of death-bed repentances, +may be led to doubt <a name="page40"></a><span class="pagenum">p. +40</span>how far the work of this young man’s conversion +was complete, and whether, if he had been permitted to live, he +would have lived as he has died. If, however, he was really +converted in heart to God, the observation which he himself made +must be applied to his own case: “The man that is fit to +die is fit to live.” The same grace which brought him +into the fold of Christ would have kept him in all his way; so +that the enemy of his soul should not have overpowered him. +And there is, as before mentioned, the most remarkable +concurrence of testimony as to Jolin’s state at the time of +his death. Not only Mr. Hall, Mr. Gallachin, and many +others, bear witness to the facts; but the public voice has +acknowledged the wonderful change which took place in him. +One person, <i>not</i> a believer in revelation, but who stood by +Jolin on the gallows hill, and witnessed his conduct, came to a +minister, and acknowledged, that “there must be something +in religion to support a man in such a manner; and that he had +therefore determined to attend a place of worship, and to bring +up his children in the fear of God.” Mr. Hall says, +“I have never had a doubt on my mind as to the reality of +the change. His conduct in the court; his complete deadness +to the things of time and sense, and this even when his friends +seemed so anxious to save him from an ignominious death, were so +many pleasing testimonies that he was really risen with Christ, +and that his affections were set upon things above. God did +indeed work mightily in him: though last, he was one of the +first. He seemed so convinced of sin, and to have such +simple dependence upon the truth and firm foundation of +Christ’s promises, and he showed so abundantly that these +feelings were not merely talked into his head, that I always +returned delighted with my visit to him. I used to pray +instantly with him that he might not be deceiving himself, nor be +deceived by Satan, or any of us; and I can say, as far as I was +capable of judging, that his was a real work of Divine +grace.” The testimony of the editor of the Jersey +newspaper, also, while it is beyond all suspicion of enthusiasm, +and does not even exhibit the proof of a <a +name="page41"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 41</span>tolerably +distinct view of the real foundation on which Jolin stood, is a +most satisfactory testimony of the reality of this change. +He says, “We are not amongst those who would hastily give +credence to the genuineness of conversion in the cases of great +criminals, or who approve of religious ecstasies in the short +interval between the commission of dreadful enormities, and the +violent death awarded by law; we do not think it desirable that, +while so many good men, after a long life of exemplary piety, +approach their last hour with solemn apprehensions, such as have +lived in a course of profligate vice should boast of triumphant +feelings and peculiar joy on their way to the scaffold, where +they are to be suddenly compelled into the presence of their +Creator and Divine Judge;—but, in the instance before us, +we have much satisfaction in believing that a real change of +heart had taken place, before a change of worlds was +experienced. In his last days, Jolin evinced much solidity +of mind on the subject most important to him: his conduct was +marked by the most becoming propriety; and if he expressed a +confident hope of acceptance before God, it was accompanied with +humility, and, as far as man can judge, with sincere sorrow for +his offences.” The rapid attainment of Divine +knowledge, the simple belief of the truths of the Bible, the +consistent walk in that which he believed to be the will of God, +are fruits which can be ascribed only to the grace and Spirit of +God. Where the Lord of all power and might is pleased to +exercise his sovereignty, who shall say that the work of many +years may not be produced in a few weeks; or, as in the case of +the thief upon the cross, in a much shorter time? The case +of the thief on the cross is one in which the probabilities, +before-hand, of repentance, were not so great; and the evidences +of his real conversion are scarcely more complete, except the +incidental circumstance of the testimony of our Lord. Both +of these criminals felt sorrow for their sins, confessed them to +men, acknowledged them to God, and owned the justice of their +condemnation; both testified the sincerity of their <a +name="page42"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 42</span>faith: but, +if the thief did this under circumstances more trying to his +sincerity than those of Jolin, it is also to be remembered, that +he saw the Lord of life; and that to Jolin alone, therefore, the +language applied, “Blessed are they that have not seen, and +yet have believed.” I know of no mark of true +conversion which was absent from the case of Jolin. His +faith was clear and strong. It lifted him above the world, +and, wrought by love, it gave him courage, and zeal, and +love. He went forward in implicit dependence upon Divine +grace, and pursued, as was permitted him after his change, a +holy, humble, consistent course; and, with the cap upon his head, +and the rope round his neck, he could say with calmness, that +“he was not afraid, for he knew that his Saviour would take +him to himself.”</p> +<p>But it may still be said, How do we know that Jolin was +sincere in all that he said, or that he was not under delusion in +what he felt? To this question the reply has been, I think, +already offered in these pages—by pointing to the workings +of his mind, and the consistency of his conduct. And here +we must leave the case till the last great day.</p> +<p>In the meanwhile, let us learn from this history, some of the +lessons which it is calculated to teach.</p> +<p>The first of these is, the <i>misery and danger of a state of +sin</i>. St. Paul, in describing the consequences of a +state of sin, says, in an appeal to the Roman converts, (vi. 21,) +“What part had ye then in those things whereof ye are now +ashamed; for the end of those things is death.” That +is, sin yields no real <i>fruit</i>; it produces shame; and the +end of it will be <i>death</i>. Every Christian feels the +truth of this statement, as respects himself; and it is the case +with all other men, although they know it not. What, for +instance, is the usual fruit of drunkenness? disease, +quarrelling, and loss of one kind or another. The drunkard +is usually a blasphemer, hard-hearted, and cruel, as he proves +himself to his wife and children, starving or ill-treating them +to gratify his own lust. His habits of drunkenness make him +a bad child, a bad neighbour, a disgrace in himself, and a plague +to others. So it is more or less <a name="page43"></a><span +class="pagenum">p. 43</span>with the followers of every +sin. Sin, then, brings no real fruit, and the end of it +will be eternal death; for it is written, “The wicked shall +be turned into hell, and all the people that forget +God.” “As surely, therefore, as a man sows, so +shall he also reap; he that soweth to the flesh, shall of the +flesh reap corruption.” How awful is the history of +Jolin’s father! His life how disgraceful, his death +how dreadful! Would the sinner who reads this be content to +come to such an end? But to this, in his present state, he +is every moment liable. Let the sinner remember, that he +who called this poor wretch to judgment at a moment’s +warning, may say to himself, “This night thy soul is +required of thee.” The probability of thus dying is +commonly passed over; and it is the hope of a sinner that he +shall still live to repent, as Jolin did. Yet how great are +the chances against this! Many a man has been deluded by +such a hope, and perished in his transgression. He has +looked to some case like this, or like that of the thief on the +cross, and delayed his repentance, till, in an hour when he has +not looked for it, he has been “driven away in his +wickedness.” But in this, as it is said by an old +writer, “The perverseness of our nature may be seen, in +that this one case, that of the penitent thief, serveth us to +looseness of life, in hope of the like: whereas, we might better +reason, that is <i>but</i> one, and that extraordinary; and +besides this one, there is not one more in all the Bible; and +that for this one that sped, a thousand thousands have +missed. And what folly it is to put ourselves in a way in +which so many have miscarried; to put ourselves in the hands of a +physician, that hath murdered so many, going clean against our +own sense and reason! Whereas, in other cases we always +lean to that which is most ordinary, and conclude not the spring +from <i>one</i> swallow. It is as if a man should spur his +ass till he speak, because Balaam’s ass did once speak; so +grossly hath the devil bewitched us!” Let sinners, +then, meditate upon their own state, and remember, at the same +time, the appeal of the Almighty to them to <a +name="page44"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 44</span>turn again +and repent. “Have I any pleasure at all that the +wicked should die? saith the Lord God: and not that he should +return from his ways and live? Repent and turn yourselves +from all your transgressions, so iniquity shall not be your +ruin. Cast away from you all your transgressions, and make +you a new heart and a new spirit; for why will ye die, O house of +Israel? For I have no pleasure in the death of him that +dieth, saith the Lord God: wherefore turn yourselves, and live +ye.” (Ezek. xviii.) That text which first appeared to +move Jolin to repentance, may speak to every other +sinner—“Come now, and let us reason together, saith +the Lord. Though your sins be as scarlet, they shall be +white as snow; though they be red like crimson, they shall be as +wool.” (Isa. i. 18.) The same words of encouragement +may also speak to us, in the language of a merciful Saviour, +“I am not come to call the righteous, but sinners to +repentance.” (Matt. ix. 13.) The same promises, +“God so loved the world, that he gave his only-begotten +Son, that whosoever believeth on him, should not perish, but have +everlasting life:” and again, “There is joy in the +presence of the angels of God over one sinner that +repenteth,” (Luke xv. 10.) I would say then, again, +in the language of Peter, “Repent ye therefore, and be +converted, that your sins may be blotted out, when the times of +refreshing shall come from the presence of the Lord.”</p> +<p>A second point of consideration in this history is <i>the +conversion of Jolin’s mind to a sense of religion</i>, +<i>and the nature of his conversion</i>. Jolin’s +early education, as far as reading and writing, had not been +altogether neglected; and the daily misery his sins brought with +them was not without its effect on his mind. But it is +evident the work of regeneration, the first step in his after +conversion, had not taken place before he came into prison. +But when the Holy Spirit brought home the word of God to his +heart, the change was rapidly effected. A conviction of the +sinfulness of his nature and habits was at once deeply impressed +upon his conscience; he waited to see the way of <a +name="page45"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 45</span>pardon by a +crucified Redeemer, and the influence of the Holy Ghost +immediately produced that change in his will and affections which +always attends real conversion. His whole state of mind +seemed almost miraculously changed: so that between the +twenty-third and the twenty-sixth of the same month, in the +judgment of his legal adviser and others, a complete renovation +had taken place. In the former state he is described as in +a distracted condition of mind, suffering unutterable anguish; +the dread of death being uppermost in his thoughts: in the +latter, he was calm, placid, resigned, and he had not one wish to +live. <a name="citation45"></a><a href="#footnote45" +class="citation">[45]</a></p> +<p>Although it would be contrary to the facts and spirit of +Scripture to say, that no conversions of this kind were real and +complete, every one must acknowledge, that as conversion is +ordinarily a gradual work, too much caution cannot be exercised +as to a change accomplished as rapidly as this may appear to have +been. It may, however, be truly said, that there was a +remarkable absence of any thing like enthusiasm in his +state. A dream which occurred in the commencement of his +religious course will not be conceived to indicate a disordered +imagination. For some nights he had been dreadfully +agitated, and could not rest. “I dreamed,” he +said, “that I was dragged over frightful precipices, till +at last I was brought, as it were, into the presence of our +Saviour, and there obtained mercy.” This dream so +harmonized with the spirit of many passages of Scripture pointed +out to him, that it was not unlikely to occur. In his case, +as in every other, the first touch of religion on the soul was +immediate; but the after stages of conversion were +gradual—far more so than many others recorded in Scripture; +and there was time to perceive the regular progress of growth in +grace. This case, therefore, should not be confounded with +what are commonly called instantaneous conversions, because +although compressed into a short period every step of scriptural +conversion may be traced in it. From first to last, Jolin +was able to give a reason for the <a name="page46"></a><span +class="pagenum">p. 46</span>hope which was in him, and these +reasons corresponded with the feelings and convictions described +in the word of God. He felt those convictions of sin on +which Scripture insists. He found, agreeably also to +Scripture, nothing in his own state upon which he could depend +for salvation; and, relying entirely on the merits of the Lord +Jesus Christ, he found peace and joy in believing. In this +manner, if his conversion proceeded rapidly, it was not wanting +in any of those evidences which are the unquestioned fruits of +the teaching of God. His conduct is the best, and indeed +the only satisfactory commentary on the whole work.</p> +<p>A third point worthy of consideration in the history of Jolin, +is, <i>the means</i> by which it pleased God <i>to open this +young man’s mind</i>; and this, I may venture to affirm, +was <i>the Holy Scriptures</i>. It was the simple +exhibition of the fifty-first Psalm, which at first seemed to +expose his real state to him. It was the promises of the +New Testament, and the types of the Old, which gave him his first +clear notion of faith, and which conveyed to his mind a hope of +pardon. The Scripture then became the subject of his +meditation day and night. It was as a “lamp unto his +feet, and a light unto his path; a treasure more to be desired +than gold, yea, than much fine gold; sweeter also than honey, and +the honeycomb.” The value of Scripture arising from +its clearness, authority, and its peculiar power, under God, to +fasten truth on the soul, are remarkably conspicuous in the case +of this guilty person. He heard, marked, learned, and +inwardly digested its all-important truths, and they made him +wise unto salvation. But in connexion with this, and every +other means employed, is to be noticed the <i>influence of Divine +grace</i>. The Almighty power and sovereignty with which +this was exercised, was frequently acknowledged, and continually +felt by Jolin. He perceived it in all the remarkable +circumstances of his life—in his various escapes from +death—in his final allotment—in the events which +occurred in the prison. And whilst all this distinguishing +mercy was shown towards him, he could discover nothing in himself +<a name="page47"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 47</span>which +deserved any such remembrance at God’s hand. Why was +he called, and not his father, was one of the points which first +struck his attention on the visit of his friends. But to +those around him some other circumstances, illustrating this +influence, were perhaps more obvious than even to himself. +The manner in which he was enabled to receive the truths of the +gospel; the gift of spiritual understanding; the willing heart; +the subdued spirit, and sanctified heart, were all circumstances +to be referred only to the sovereign grace of Him who worketh in +his people to will and to do of his good pleasure. +“O, the depth of the riches both of the wisdom and +knowledge of God! How unsearchable are his judgments, and +his ways past finding out!”</p> +<p>A fifth lesson to be learned from this history, is the +<i>benefit of education</i>. Here was a young man most +unlikely to profit from the early instruction he had received; +and to what account did it turn? In his worst times he was +enabled to read the word of God, and this he was led to do in the +tediousness of his sea watches. In his imprisonment, the +blessings of his previous learning was incalculable. In his +last exhortations on the scaffold, he pressed upon his youthful +auditors the advantages of attendance upon a Sunday school, and +the public means of instruction. It is impossible to say +how much, or if any of the preparatory work of religion, had, by +means of education, been going on in Jolin’s mind. +But information had been given—a desire for instruction had +been implanted—the wretchedness of a sinful course had been +taught—the Scriptures had been read—the scaffolding, +in fact, had been put together, by which the future edifice might +be erected. How striking is the lesson of encouragement +derived from this history, to those who are labouring in the +school or in the prison. Who could have thought that in +either case, as it concerned Jolin, the event would have been +what it was? But who knows what the most untractable child +may yet become, or how far the seed which is sown, may, even a +long time hence, produce the desired fruit. “In the +morning sow thy seed, and in the <a name="page48"></a><span +class="pagenum">p. 48</span>evening withhold not thine hand, for +thou knowest not whether shall prosper either this or that, or +whether they shall both be alike good.” We may, in +our efforts to instruct, meet with many disappointments, but it +is plainly our duty to proceed, with becoming care indeed, but in +the remembrance both of God’s almighty power to teach the +heart, and of instances, such as this, in which that power has +been so remarkably exerted. The state of prisoners is one +which invites, as it has in general received the peculiar +commiseration of our countrymen: men are often to be found there +in Jolin’s state of mind. The prison is, perhaps, +their first resting-place in a career of ignorance, and sin, and +misery. The visitor may too often, in his researches, +discover the man, as Mr. Pinel did Jolin, “without hope for +this world or the next,” and may lead him to discoveries of +what, perhaps, never entered his imagination. At all +events, the circumstances of trial and affliction are those most +favourable to seriousness of reflection; and this is the course +by which the sinner is most often led, by the grace of God, to +turn from the error of his ways, and to seek the hope offered in +the Gospel. The event is always in the hand of Him who +directs the heart. But, under all circumstances, we work +with the blessing of the Almighty, and with his promise, that our +labour shall not be in vain.</p> +<p>A sixth lesson to be learned from this history, is the +<i>happy effects produced by the possession of true +religion</i>. In the case of Jolin, how speedily did it +tranquillize and cheer his mind. It was like the word of +its holy author, when he said, “Peace, be still, and there +was a great calm.” Those who visited the chamber of +death, where he dwelt, could not but feel a degree of surprise at +their own feelings, when they remembered that they were with one +who had been a drunkard and a murderer. But religion had +softened his character, and created in him those genuine fruits +which, as we are taught, spring from the work of the Holy +Spirit. “The wilderness had become like Eden, and the +desert like the garden of the Lord. Instead of the thorn +had come up the fir-tree, <a name="page49"></a><span +class="pagenum">p. 49</span>and instead of the briar had come up +the myrtle-tree; to be for a name, and for an everlasting sign +that should not be cut off.”</p> +<p>Lastly, there <i>is a lesson of application to our own +souls</i>. It may be asked, What is the intimate +acquaintance which we have had with the experience which this +poor dying criminal passed through? He, being dead, may +speak to many of his own age, who have, perhaps, had far greater +advantages of education and example; or he may speak to those who +have seen more years, and yet have not attained to that ripeness +of faith, and that full assurance of hope, which made Jolin climb +with such eagerness the gallows hill, and long for the time when +he should be with Christ.</p> +<p>This history applies most emphatically to the case of <i>young +men</i>; teaching them to avoid sin, even when it may have the +sanction of parental example. The Bible, they must +remember, and not men, especially ungodly men, should be their +direction. By this law we shall all be judged, and must +stand or fall. In Jolin’s last address, he said, +“Avoid bad company, drinking spirits, vicious +habits.” “I exhort young people not to violate +the Sabbath, but to frequent church, and attend to their +religious duties. Would that this tremendous example of +punishment might lead every young person who hears it to inquire +into his own state, and to remember how soon one act of sin may +bring judgment upon him; and how tremendous will be his judgment, +if, after this warning, he is found unprepared.”</p> +<p>This history also speaks most loudly and awfully <i>to +parents</i>. “You see in me,” Jolin said from +the scaffold, “the effect of bad education and +example. From early youth I have been addicted to +intemperance. My duty to God was never pointed out to +me. Those who have children committed to their care, I +beseech to send them regularly to church, and to the +Sunday-school, and teach them their duty to God and +man.” Let those, then, who are teaching +Sabbath-breaking, swearing, passion, habits of drinking and vice, +to their children, by their own example, <a +name="page50"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 50</span>look at the +horrible instance of sin and its consequences, which this case +presents—a parent, murdered, and a son hanged! from the +<i>effects of a father’s example</i>! The case speaks +for itself: and may the Holy Spirit enable us to learn the lesson +which it teaches.</p> +<p>May we all who read or hear this account, apply its lessons to +ourselves. Let us adore the astonishing love of God in the +case of this poor outcast sinner; His sovereign power, His +boundless mercy, His all-sufficient grace. May we seek to +lay all the burden of our transgressions upon that Sacrifice in +whom Jolin trusted. May we, with him, find the Holy Spirit +making us as fit to live, as, we trust, he was fit to die: so +that when we have fought the good fight, we shall receive the +crown of glory, which, we may trust, this believing penitent has +been called to wear in the presence of Him who gave him the +victory, through his own blood.</p> +<div class="gapspace"> </div> +<p style="text-align: center"><span +class="GutSmall">LONDON:</span><br /> +<span class="GutSmall">IBOTSON AND PALMER, PRINTERS, SAVOY +STREET, STRAND.</span></p> +<h2>Footnotes</h2> +<p><a name="footnote45"></a><a href="#citation45" +class="footnote">[45]</a> Durell’s account.</p> +<p>***END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK AN ACCOUNT OF THE DEATH OF PHILIP +JOLIN***</p> +<pre> + + +***** This file should be named 41145-h.htm or 41145-h.zip****** + + +This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: +http://www.gutenberg.org/dirs/4/1/1/4/41145 + + + +Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions +will be renamed. + +Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no +one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation +(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without +permission and without paying copyright royalties. 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