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+Project Gutenberg's The Kadambari of Bana, by Bana and Bhushanabhatta
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: The Kadambari of Bana
+
+Author: Bana
+        Bhushanabhatta
+
+Translator: C.M. Ridding
+
+Release Date: October 21, 2012 [EBook #41128]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE KADAMBARI OF BANA ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by Jeroen Hellingman and the Online Distributed
+Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net/ for Project
+Gutenberg (This book was produced from scanned images of
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+
+
+
+
+                       Oriental Translation Fund.
+                              New Series.
+
+                                  II.
+
+                                  The
+                           KADAMBARI OF BANA.
+
+                 Translated, with Occasional Omissions,
+
+                          And Accompanied by a
+            Full Abstract of the Continuation of the Romance
+                  by the Author's Son Bhushanabhatta,
+
+                                   By
+
+                             C. M. RIDDING,
+
+             Formerly Scholar of Girton College, Cambridge.
+
+
+
+              Printed and published under the patronage of
+                       The Royal Asiatic Society,
+                              And sold at
+                     22, Albemarle Street, London.
+
+                                 1896.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+                                   To
+
+                              MRS. COWELL,
+                           WHO FIRST TOLD ME
+                        THE STORY OF KADAMBARI,
+                            THIS TRANSLATION
+                      IS AFFECTIONATELY DEDICATED.
+
+
+                'Anenakaranavishkritavatsalyena caritena
+                  kasya na bandhutvam adhyaropayasi.'
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+INTRODUCTION. [1]
+
+
+The story of Kadambari is interesting for several reasons. It is a
+standard example of classical prose; it has enjoyed a long popularity
+as a romance; and it is one of the comparatively few Sanskrit works
+which can be assigned to a certain date, and so it can serve as a
+landmark in the history of Indian literature and Indian thought.
+
+
+
+THE AUTHOR.
+
+Banabhatta, its author, lived in the reign of Harshavardhana of
+Thane�ar, the great king mentioned in many inscriptions, [2] who
+extended his rule over the whole of Northern India, and from whose
+reign (A.D. 606) dates the Harsha era, used in Nepal. Bana, as he
+tells us, both in the 'Harsha-Carita' and in the introductory verses
+of 'Kadambari,' was a Vatsyayana Brahman. His mother died while he
+was yet young, and his father's tender care of him, recorded in the
+'Harsha-Carita,' [3] was doubtless in his memory as he recorded the
+unselfish love of Vai�ampayana's father in 'Kadambari' (p. 22). In
+his youth he travelled much, and for a time 'came into reproach,'
+by reason of his unsettled life; but the experience gained in foreign
+lands turned his thoughts homewards, and he returned to his kin, and
+lived a life of quiet study in their midst. From this he was summoned
+to the court of King Harsha, who at first received him coldly, but
+afterwards attached him to his service; and Bana in the 'Harsha-Carita'
+relates his own life as a prelude to that of his master.
+
+The other works attributed to him are the 'Candika�ataka,' [4] or
+verses in honour of Candika; a drama, 'The Parvatiparinaya'; and
+another, called 'Mukutataditaka,' the existence of which is inferred
+from Gunavinayagani's commentary on the 'Nalacampu.' Professor
+Peterson also mentions that a verse of Bana's ('Subhashitavali,'
+1087) is quoted by Kshemendra in his 'Aucityavicaracarca,' with a
+statement that it is part of a description of Kadambari's sorrow in
+the absence of Candrapida, whence, he adds, 'it would seem that Bana
+wrote the story of Kadambari in verse as well as in prose,' and he
+gives some verses which may have come from such a work.
+
+Bana himself died, leaving 'Kadambari' unfinished, and his son
+Bhushanabhatta took it up in the midst of a speech in which Kadambari's
+sorrows are told, and continued the speech without a break, save for
+a few introductory verses in honour of his father, and in apology for
+his having undertaken the task, 'as its unfinished state was a grief to
+the good.' He continued the story on the same plan, and with careful,
+and, indeed, exaggerated, imitation of his father's style.
+
+
+
+THE PLOT OF KADAMBARI.
+
+The story of 'Kadambari' is a very complex one, dealing as it does
+with the lives of two heroes, each of whom is reborn twice on earth.
+
+(1-47) A learned parrot, named Vai�ampayana, was brought by a Candala
+maiden to King �udraka, and told him how it was carried from its
+birthplace in the Vindhya Forest to the hermitage of the sage Jabali,
+from whom it learnt the story of its former life.
+
+(47-95) Jabali's story was as follows: Tarapida, King of Ujjayini, won
+by penance a son, Candrapida, who was brought up with Vai�ampayana,
+son of his minister, �ukanasa. In due time Candrapida was anointed
+as Crown Prince, and started on an expedition of world-conquest. At
+the end of it he reached Kailasa, and, while resting there, was
+led one day in a vain chase of a pair of kinnaras to the shores of
+the Acchoda Lake. (95-141) There he beheld a young ascetic maiden,
+Maha�veta, who told him how she, being a Gandharva princess, had seen
+and loved a young Brahman Pundarika; how he, returning her feeling,
+had died from the torments of a love at variance with his vow; how
+a divine being had carried his body to the sky, and bidden her not
+to die, for she should be reunited with him; and how she awaited
+that time in a life of penance. (141-188) But her friend Kadambari,
+another Gandharva princess, had vowed not to marry while Maha�veta
+was in sorrow, and Maha�veta invited the prince to come to help her
+in dissuading Kadambari from the rash vow. Love sprang up between
+the prince and Kadambari at first sight; but a sudden summons from
+his father took him to Ujjayini without farewell, while Kadambari,
+thinking herself deserted, almost died of grief.
+
+(188-195) Meanwhile news came that his friend Vai�ampayana, whom he had
+left in command of the army, had been strangely affected by the sight
+of the Acchoda Lake, and refused to leave it. The prince set out to
+find him, but in vain; and proceeding to the hermitage of Maha�veta,
+he found her in despair, because, in invoking on a young Brahman,
+who had rashly approached her, a curse to the effect that he should
+become a parrot, she learnt that she had slain Vai�ampayana. At her
+words the prince fell dead from grief, and at that moment Kadambari
+came to the hermitage.
+
+(195-202) Her resolve to follow him in death was broken by the promise
+of a voice from the sky that she and Maha�veta should both be reunited
+with their lovers, and she stayed to tend the prince's body, from
+which a divine radiance proceeded; while King Tarapida gave up his
+kingdom, and lived as a hermit near his son.
+
+(202 to end) Such was Jabali's tale; and the parrot went on to say how,
+hearing it, the memory of its former love for Maha�veta was reawakened,
+and, though bidden to stay in the hermitage, it flew away, only to be
+caught and taken to the Candala princess. It was now brought by her to
+King �udraka, but knew no more. The Candala maiden thereupon declared
+to �udraka that she was the goddess Lakshmi, mother of Pundarika or
+Vai�ampayana, and announced that the curse for him and �udraka was
+now over. Then �udraka suddenly remembered his love for Kadambari,
+and wasted away in longing for her, while a sudden touch of Kadambari
+restored to life the Moon concealed in the body of Candrapida, the
+form that he still kept, because in it he had won her love. Now the
+Moon, as Candrapida and �udraka, and Pundarika, in the human and
+parrot shape of Vai�ampayana, having both fulfilled the curse of an
+unsuccessful love in two births on earth, were at last set free,
+and, receiving respectively the hands of Kadambari and Maha�veta,
+lived happily ever afterwards.
+
+The plot is involved, and consists of stories within each other after
+the fashion long familiar to Europeans in the 'Arabian Nights'; but
+the author's skill in construction is shown by the fact that each
+of the minor stories is essential to the development of the plot,
+and it is not till quite the end that we see that �udraka himself,
+the hearer of the story, is really the hero, and that his hearing
+the story is necessary to reawaken his love for Kadambari, and
+so at the same time fulfil the terms of the curse that he should
+love in vain during two lives, and bring the second life to an end
+by his longing for reunion. It may help to make the plot clear if
+the threads of it are disentangled. The author in person tells all
+that happens to �udraka (pp. 3-16 and pp. 205 to end). The parrot's
+tale (pp. 16-205) includes that of Jabali (pp. 47-202) concerning
+Candrapida, and Vai�ampayana the Brahman, with the story told by
+Maha�veta (pp. 101-136) of her love for Pundarika.
+
+
+
+THE STORY AS TOLD IN THE KATHA-SARIT-SAGARA.
+
+The story as told in the Katha-Sarit-Sagara of Somadeva [5] differs
+in some respects from this. There a Nishada princess brought to King
+Sumanas a learned parrot, which told its life in the forest, ended by
+a hunt in which its father was killed, and the story of its past life
+narrated by the hermit Agastya. In this story a prince, Somaprabha,
+after an early life resembling that of Candrapida, was led in his
+pursuit of kinnaras to an ascetic maiden, Manorathaprabha, whose
+story is that of Maha�veta, and she took him, at his own request,
+to see the maiden Makarandika, who had vowed not to marry while
+her friend was unwed. He was borne through the air by a Vidyadhara,
+and beheld Makarandika. They loved each other, and a marriage was
+arranged between them. The prince, however, was suddenly recalled
+by his father, and Makarandika's wild grief brought on her from
+her parents a curse that she should be born as a Nishada. Too late
+they repented, and died of grief; and her father became a parrot,
+keeping from a former birth as a sage his memory of the �astras,
+while her mother became a sow. Pulastya added that the curse would
+be over when the story was told in a king's court.
+
+The parrot's tale reminded King Sumanas of his former birth, and on
+the arrival of the ascetic maiden, sent by �iva, 'who is merciful
+to all his worshippers,' he again became the young hermit she had
+loved. Somaprabha, too, at �iva's bidding, went to the king's court,
+and at the sight of him the Nishada regained the shape of Makarandika,
+and became his wife; while the parrot 'left the body of a bird, and
+went to the home earned by his asceticism.' 'Thus,' the story ends,
+'the appointed union of human beings certainly takes place in this
+world, though vast spaces intervene.'
+
+The main difference between the stories is in the persons affected
+by the curse; and here the artistic superiority of Bana is shown
+in his not attaching the degrading forms of birth to Kadambari or
+her parents. The horse is given as a present to the hero by Indra,
+who sends him a message, saying: 'You are a Vidyadhara, and I give
+you the horse in memory of our former friendship. When you mount it
+you will be invincible.' The hero's marriage is arranged before his
+sudden departure, so that the grief of the heroine is due only to their
+separation, and not to the doubts on which Bana dwells so long. It
+appears possible that both this story and 'Kadambari' are taken from a
+common original now lost, which may be the Brihatkatha of Gunadhya. [6]
+In that case the greater refinement of Bana's tale would be the result
+of genius giving grace to a story already familiar in a humbler guise.
+
+
+
+REFERENCES TO KADAMBARI IN THE SAHITYA-DARPANA AND ELSEWHERE.
+
+The author of the Sahitya-Darpana [7] speaks of the Katha as follows:
+'In the Katha (tale), which is one of the species of poetical
+composition in prose, a poetical matter is represented in verse,
+and sometimes the Arya, and sometimes the Vaktra and Apavaktraka are
+the metres employed in it. It begins with stanzas in salutation to
+some divinity, as also descriptive of the behaviour of bad men and
+others.' To this the commentary adds: 'The "Kadambari" of Banabhatta is
+an example.' Professor Peterson corrects the translation of the words
+'Kathayam sarasam vastu padyair eva vinirmitam,' giving as their sense,
+'A narration in prose, with here and there a stray verse or two,
+of matter already existing in a metrical form.' [8] According to his
+rendering, the Katha is in its essence a story claiming to be based
+on previous works in verse, whether in this case the original were
+Bana's own metrical version of 'Kadambari,' [9] or the work which
+was also the original of the Katha-Sarit-Sagara story.
+
+The story of Pundarika and Maha�veta receives mention, firstly, for
+the introduction of death, contrary to the canon; secondly, for the
+determination of the nature of their sorrow, and its poetic quality,
+and consequent appeal to the feelings of the reader. Firstly: (� 215)
+'Death, which is a condition to which one may be brought by love,
+is not described in poetry and the drama, where the other conditions,
+such as anxiety, etc., are constantly described, because it, instead
+of enhancing, causes the destruction of "Flavour." [10] But it may be
+spoken of (1) as having nearly taken place, or (2) as being mentally
+wished for; and it is with propriety described (3) if there is to be,
+at no distant date, a restoration to life.' The commentary takes
+the story of Pundarika as an example of the third condition, and
+describes it as a 'case of pathetic separation.' Secondly: (� 224)
+'Either of two young lovers being dead, and being yet to be regained
+through some supernatural interposition, when the one left behind is
+sorrowful, then let it be called the separation of tender sadness'
+(karunavipralamhha). The commentary gives Maha�veta as the instance,
+and continues: 'But if the lost one be not regainable, or regainable
+only after transmigration in another body, the flavour is called the
+"Pathetic" simply, there being in this case no room for any admixture
+of the "Erotic"; but in the case just mentioned--of Pundarika and
+Maha�veta--immediately on Sarasvati's declaration from the sky that
+the lovers should be reunited, there is the "Erotic in its form of
+tender sadness," for desire arises on the expectation of reunion,
+but PREVIOUSLY to Sarasvati's promise there was the "Pathetic";
+such is the opinion of the competent authorities. And as for what
+some say in regard to the case of Pundarika and Maha�veta, that
+"moreover AFTER the expectation of reunion, excited by Sarasvati's
+promise to that effect, there is merely your honour's variety of
+"love in absence," (� 222) the one which you call "being abroad"
+(� 221)--others hold it to be distinct, because of the presence of
+that distinction, DEATH, which is something else than merely being
+abroad.' These are the passages in which direct mention is made of
+'Kadambari,' and in � 735, which defines special mention (parisamkhya)
+as taking place 'when something is affirmed for the denial, expressed
+or understood, of something else similar to it,' the commentary adds:
+'When founded upon a Paronomasia, it is peculiarly striking, e.g.,
+"When that king, the conqueror of the world, was protecting the earth,
+the mixture of colours (or castes) was in painting, etc.,"--a passage
+from the description of �udraka in "Kadambari" (P. 5).'
+
+References to Bana in other works are given by Professor Peterson, so
+that three only need be mentioned here. The first I owe to the kindness
+of Professor C. Bendall. In a collection of manuscripts at the British
+Museum (Or., 445-447) 'consisting chiefly of law-books transcribed
+(perhaps for some European) on European paper in the Telugu-Canarese
+character,' one, Or., 446 c., the Kamandakiya-Niti-�astra, contains
+on folios 128-131 a passage from 'Kadambari' (pp. 76-84, infra) [11]
+on the consecration of a crown-prince, and the duties and dangers of a
+king. It forms part of an introduction to the Kamandakiya-Niti-�astra
+and occurs without any hint of its being a quotation from another
+work. The author of the Nalacampu not only writes a verse in honour
+of Bana, [12] but models his whole style upon him. A curious instance
+of the long popularity of 'Kadambari' is that in the 'Durge�anandini'
+by Chattaji, an historical novel, published in 1871, and treating
+of the time of Akbar, the heroine is represented as reading in her
+boudoir the romance of 'Kadambari.' [13]
+
+
+
+THE INTEREST OF 'KADAMBARI.'
+
+It may be asked What is the value of 'Kadambari' for European
+readers? and to different persons the answer will doubtless
+be different. Historical interest, so far as that depends on the
+narration of historical facts, appears to be entirely lacking, though
+it may be that at some future time our knowledge from other sources
+may be so increased that we may recognise portraits and allusions in
+what seems now purely a work of romance. But in the wider sense in
+which history claims to deal with the social ideas that belong to
+any epoch, 'Kadambari' will always have value as representing the
+ways of thinking and feeling which were either customary or welcome
+at its own time, and which have continued to charm Indian readers. It
+is indeed true that it probably in many ways does not give a picture
+of contemporary manners, just as a medi�val illuminated manuscript
+often represents the dress and surroundings prior to the time of
+the illuminator, so as to gain the grace of remoteness bestowed by
+reverence for the past. In India, where change works but slowly,
+the description of the court and city life, where all the subjects
+show by outward tokens their sympathy with the joys and sorrows of
+their ruler, as in a Greek chorus, is vivid in its fidelity. [14]
+The quiet yet busy life of the hermits in the forest, where the day
+is spent in worship and in peaceful toils, where at eve the sunbeams
+'linger like birds on the crest of hill and tree,' and where night
+'darkens all save the hearts of the hermits,' is full of charm. [15]
+
+The coronation of the crown prince, the penances performed by the
+queen to win a son, the reverence paid to Mahakala, also belong to
+our picture of the time. The description of Ujjayini, surrounded by
+the Sipra, is too general in its terms to give a vivid notion of what
+it then was. The site of the temple of Mahakala is still shown outside
+the ruins of the old town. A point of special interest is the argument
+against the custom of suicide on the death of a friend. Candrapida
+consoles Maha�veta that she has not followed her lover in death
+by saying that one who kills himself at his friend's death makes
+that friend a sharer in the guilt, and can do no more for him in
+another world, whereas by living he can give help by sacrifices and
+offerings. Those, too, who die may not be reunited for thousands of
+births. In the 'Katha-Ko�a' [16] a prince is dissuaded from following
+his wife to death because 'Even the idea of union with your beloved
+will be impossible when you are dead'; but the occurrence of the
+idea in a romance is more noteworthy than in a work which illustrates
+Jain doctrines. The question of food as affected by caste is touched
+on also (p. 205), when the Candala maiden tells the parrot that a
+Brahman may, in case of need, receive food of any kind, and that
+water poured on the ground, and fruit, are pure even when brought by
+the lowest. Another point to be remarked is the mention of followers
+of many sects as being present at court. �iva, especially under the
+name of Mahakala at Ujjayini, receives special worship, and Agni and
+the Matrikas (p. 14) also receive reverence. The zenanas include aged
+ascetic women (p. 217); followers of the Arhat, Krishna, Vi�ravasa,
+Avalokite�vara, and Viri�ca (p. 162); and the courtyard of �ukanasa
+has �aivas and followers of �akyamuni (p. 217), also Kshapanakas
+(explained by the Commentary as Digambaras). The king, [17] however,
+is described as having an urna (the hair meeting between the brows),
+which is one of Buddha's marks; but the Commentary describes the urna
+as cakravartiprabhritinam eva nanyasya, so probably it only belongs to
+Buddha as cakravarti, or universal ruler. This shows that the reign of
+Harsha was one of religious tolerance. Hiouen Thsang, indeed, claims
+him as a Buddhist at heart, and mentions his building Buddhist stupas,
+[18] but he describes himself as a �aiva in the Madhuban grant, [19]
+and the preeminence yielded in 'Kadambari' to �iva certainly shows
+that his was then the popular worship.
+
+Another source of interest in 'Kadambari' lies in its contribution to
+folklore. It may perhaps contain nothing not found elsewhere, but the
+fact of its having a date gives it a value. The love of snakes for
+the breeze and for sandal-trees, the truth of dreams at the end of
+night, the magic circles, bathing in snake-ponds to gain a son, the
+mustard-seed and ghi put in a baby's mouth, may all be familiar ideas,
+but we have a date at which they were known and not despised. Does
+the appeal to the truth of her heart by Maha�veta in invoking the
+curse (p. 193) rest on the idea that fidelity to a husband confers
+supernatural power, [20] or is it like the 'act of truth' by which
+Buddha often performs miracles in the 'Jataka'?
+
+
+
+THE STYLE OF 'KADAMBARI.'
+
+The unsettled chronology of Indian literature makes it impossible
+to work out at present Bana's relations with other Sanskrit
+writers. Professor Peterson, [21] indeed, makes some interesting
+conjectures as to his connection with other authors of his own country,
+and also suggests, from similarity of phrase, that he may have fallen
+indirectly under the influence of Alexandrian literature. Be that
+as it may, he has been for many centuries a model of style, and it
+is therefore worth while to consider briefly the characteristics
+of his style compared with European standards. The first thing
+that strikes the reader is that the sense of proportion, the very
+foundation of style as we know it, is entirely absent. No topic is
+let go till the author can squeeze no more from it. In descriptions
+every possible minor detail is given in all its fulness; then follows
+a series of similes, and then a firework of puns. In speeches, be they
+lamentations or exhortations, grief is not assuaged, nor advice ended,
+till the same thing has been uttered with every existing variety of
+synonym. This defect, though it springs from the author's richness of
+resource and readiness of wit, makes the task of rendering in English
+the merit of the Sanskrit style an impossible one. It gives also a
+false impression; for to us a long description, if good, gives the
+effect of 'sweetness long drawn out,' and, if bad, brings drowsiness;
+whereas in Sanskrit the unending compounds suggest the impetuous rush
+of a torrent, and the similes and puns are like the play of light
+and shade on its waters. Bana, according to Professor Weber, [22]
+'passes for the special representative of the Pa�cali style,' [23]
+which Bhoja, quoted in the commentary of the 'Sahitya-Darpana,' defines
+as 'a sweet and soft style characterized by force (ojas) and elegance
+(kanti), containing compounds of five or six words.' But style,
+which is to poetic charm as the body to the soul, varies with the
+sense to be expressed, and Bana in many of his speeches is perfectly
+simple and direct. Owing to the peacefulness of 'Kadambari,' there is
+little opportunity for observing the rule that in the 'Katha' letters
+'ought not to be too rough, even when the flavour is furious.' [24]
+Of the alliteration of initial consonants, the only long passage
+is in the description of �ukanasa (p. 50), but in its subtler
+forms it constantly occurs. Of shorter passages there are several
+examples--e.g., Candra Candala (infra, p. 127); Candrapida Candalo
+(Sanskrit text, p. 416); Utkantham sotkantham kanthe jagraha (Ibid.,
+p. 367); Kamam sakamam kuryam (Ibid., p. 350); Candrapida pidanaya
+(Ibid., p. 370). The ornament of �lesha, or paronomasia, which seems
+to arise from the untrained philological instinct of mankind seeking
+the fundamental identity of like sounds with apparently unlike meaning,
+and which lends dramatic intensity when, as sometimes in Shakespeare,
+[25] a flash of passionate feeling reveals to the speaker an original
+sameness of meaning in words seemingly far apart, is by Bana used
+purely as an adornment. He speaks of pleasant stories interwoven
+with puns 'as jasmine garlands with campak buds,' and they abound
+in his descriptions. The rasanopama, [26] or girdle of similes,
+is exemplified (p. 115), 'As youth to beauty, love to youth, spring
+to love' so was Kapi�jala to Pundarika. Vishamam (incongruity) is
+the figure used in 'the brightness of his glory, free from heat,
+consumed his foes; constant, ever roamed' (p. 48). It can scarcely
+be separated from virodha (contradiction)--often used, as in 'I
+will allay on the funeral pyre the fever which the moon, sandal,
+and all cool things have increased' (p. 195)--or from vicitram [27]
+(strangeness), where an act is contrary to its apparent purpose:
+'There lives not the man whom the virtues of the most courteous lady
+Kadambari do not discourteously enslave' (p. 159). Arthapatti [28] (a
+fortiori conclusion) is exemplified in 'Even the senseless trees, robed
+in bark, seem like fellow-ascetics of this holy man. How much more,
+then, living beings endowed with sense!' (p. 43). Time and space would
+alike fail for analysis of Bana's similes according to the rules of the
+'Sahitya-Darpana.' [29] The author of the 'Raghavapandaviya' considers
+Subandhu and Bana as his only equals in vakrokti, or crooked speech,
+and the fault of a 'meaning to be guessed out' ('Sahitya-Darpana,' �
+574) is not rare. The 'Kavya-Praka�a,' in addition to the references
+given by Professor Peterson, quotes a stanza describing a horse in the
+'Harsha-Carita' (chap. iii.) as an example of svabhavokti.
+
+The hero belongs to the division described as the high-spirited,
+but temperate and firm ('Sahitya-Darpana,' � 64), i.e., he who
+is 'not given to boasting, placable, very profound, with great
+self-command, resolute, whose self-esteem is concealed, and faithful
+to his engagements,' and who has the 'eight manly qualities' of
+'brilliancy, vivacity, sweetness of temper, depth of character,
+steadfastness, keen sense of honour, gallantry, and magnanimity'
+(Ibid., � 89). Kadambari is the type of the youthful heroine who
+feels love for the first time, is shy, and gentle even in indignation
+(Ibid., � 98). The companions of each are also those declared in the
+books of rhetoric to be appropriate.
+
+
+
+LITERARY PARALLELS.
+
+The work which most invites comparison with 'Kadambari' is one far
+removed from it in place and time--Spenser's 'Faerie Queene.' Both
+have in great measure the same faults and the same virtues. The
+lack of proportion,--due partly to too large a plan, partly to an
+imagination wandering at will--the absence of visualization--which
+in Spenser produces sometimes a line like
+
+
+           'A lovely Ladie rode him faire beside
+            Upon a lowly Asse more white then snow,
+            Yet she much whiter,'
+
+
+and in Bana many a description like that of Maha�veta's fairness
+(pp. 95-97)--the undiscriminating praise bestowed on those whom they
+would fain honour, the shadowy nature of many of their personages,
+and the intricacies in which the story loses itself, are faults common
+to both. Both, too, by a strange coincidence, died with their work
+unfinished. But if they have the same faults, they have also many
+of the same virtues. The love of what is beautiful and pure both
+in character and the world around, tenderness of heart, a gentle
+spirit troubled by the disquiet of life, [30] grace and sweetness of
+style, and idyllic simplicity, are common to both. Though, however,
+Candrapida may have the chivalry and reverence of the Red Cross Knight,
+and Una share with Kadambari or Rohini 'nobility, tenderness, loftiness
+of soul, devotion and charm,' [31] the English hero and heroine are
+more real and more strenuous. We are, indeed, told in one hurried
+sentence of the heroic deeds of Candrapida in his world-conquest,
+and his self-control and firmness are often insisted on; but as he
+appears throughout the book, his self-control is constantly broken
+down by affection or grief, and his firmness destroyed by a timid
+balancing of conflicting duties, while his real virtue is his unfailing
+gentleness and courtesy. Nor could Kadambari, like Una, bid him, in
+any conflict, 'Add faith unto your force, and be not faint.' She is,
+perhaps, in youth and entire self-surrender, more like Shakespeare's
+Juliet, but she lacks her courage and resolve.
+
+
+
+THE PURPOSE OF 'KADAMBARI.'
+
+The likeness of spirit between these two leads to the question, Had
+Bana, like Spenser, any purpose, ethical or political, underlying his
+story? On the surface it is pure romance, and it is hard to believe
+that he had any motive but the simple delight of self-expression
+and love for the children of his own imagination. He only claims
+to tell a story 'tender with the charm of gracious speech, that
+comes of itself, like a bride, to the possession of its lord';
+[32] but it may be that he gladly gathered up in old age the fruits
+of his life's experience, and that his own memory of his father's
+tenderness to his childhood, of the temptations of youth, and of the
+dangers of prosperity and flattery that assail the heart of kings,
+was not used only to adorn a tale, but to be a guide to others on the
+perilous path of life. Be that as it may, the interest of 'Kadambari,'
+like that of the 'Faerie Queene,' does not depend for us now on any
+underlying purpose, but on the picture it presents in itself of the
+life and thought of a world removed in time, but not in sympathy, from
+our own; on the fresh understanding it gives of those who are in the
+widest sense our fellow-countrymen; and on the charm, to quote the
+beautiful words of Professor Peterson, 'of a story of human sorrow
+and divine consolation, of death and the passionate longing for a
+union after death, that goes straight from the heart of one who had
+himself felt the pang, and nursed the hope, to us who are of like
+frame with him ... the story which from the beginning of time mortal
+ears have yearned to hear, but which mortal lips have never spoken.'
+
+
+
+THE PLAN OF THE TRANSLATION.
+
+The translation of Bana presents much difficulty from the elaboration
+of his style, and it has been a specially hard task, and sometimes
+an impossible one, to give any rendering of the constant play on
+words in which he delights. I have sometimes endeavoured to give
+what might be an English equivalent, and in such cases I have
+added in a note the literal meaning of both alternatives; perhaps
+too much freedom may have been used, and sometimes also the best
+alternative may not have been chosen to place in the text; but those
+who have most experience will know how hard it is to do otherwise
+than fail. Some long descriptions have been omitted, such, e.g.,
+as a passage of several pages describing how the dust rose under
+the feet of Candrapida's army, and others where there seemed no
+special interest or variety to redeem their tediousness. A list of
+these omissions [33] is given at the end, together with an appendix,
+in which a few passages, chiefly interesting as mentioning religious
+sects, are added. I have acted on Professor Cowell's advice as to the
+principle on which omissions are made, as also in giving only a full
+abstract, and not a translation, of the continuation of 'Kadambari'
+by Bhushana. It is so entirely an imitation of his father's work in
+style, with all his faults, and without the originality that redeems
+them, that it would not reward translation. In my abstract I have
+kept the direct narration as more simple, but even when passages are
+given rather fully, it does not profess in any case to be more than
+a very free rendering; sometimes only the sense of a whole passage
+is summed up. I regret that the system of transliteration approved
+by the Royal Asiatic Society came too late for adoption here.
+
+The edition of 'Kadambari' to which the references in the text are
+given is that of the Nirnaya-Sagara Press (Bombay, 1890), which
+the full commentary makes indispensable, but I have also throughout
+made use of Professor Peterson's edition (Bombay Sanskrit Series,
+No. xxiv.). For the last half of the Second Part [34] I have referred
+to an anonymous literal translation, published by the New Britannia
+Press Depository, 78, Amherst Street, Calcutta.
+
+I have now to offer my grateful thanks to the Secretary of State
+for India, without whose kind help the volume could not have been
+published. I have also to thank Miss C. M. Duff for allowing me to use
+the MS. of her 'Indian Chronology'; Miss E. Dale, of Girton College,
+for botanical notes, which I regret that want of space prevented my
+printing in full; Mr. C. Tawney, librarian of the Indian Office, for
+information as to the sources of Indian fiction; Mr. F. F. Arbuthnot
+and Professor Rhys-Davids, for valuable advice; Professor C. Bendall,
+for his description of the Kamandakiya-Niti-�astra, and his constant
+kindness about my work; Mr. F. W. Thomas, of Trinity College, for
+letting me see the proof-sheets of the translation of the 'Harsha
+Carita'; and others for suggested renderings of difficult phrases,
+and for help of various kinds.
+
+But especially my thanks are due to Professor Cowell [35] for a
+generosity and unwearied helpfulness which all his pupils know,
+and which perhaps few but they could imagine. I read through with
+him the whole of the First Part before translating it myself, so that
+mistakes in the translation, many as they may be, can arise only from
+misunderstanding on my part, from too great freedom of rendering,
+or from failing to have recourse to the knowledge he so freely gives.
+
+
+        'Vrihatsahayah karyantam kshodiyanapi gacchati;
+        Sambhuyambodhim abhyeti mahanadya nagapaga.'
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+KADAMBARI.
+
+
+(1) Hail to the Birthless, the cause of creation, continuance, and
+destruction, triple [36] in form and quality, who shows activity in
+the birth of things, goodness in their continuance, and darkness in
+their destruction.
+
+(2) Glory to the dust of Tryambaka's feet, caressed by the diadem
+of the demon Bana [37]; even that dust that kisses the circle of
+Ravana's ten crest-gems, that rests on the crests of the lords of
+gods and demons, and that destroys our transitory life.
+
+(3) Glory to Vishnu, who, resolving to strike from afar, with but
+a moment's glance from his wrath-inflamed eye stained the breast of
+his enemy, as if it had burst of itself in terror.
+
+I salute the lotus feet of Bhatsu, [38] honoured by crowned Maukharis:
+the feet which have their tawny toes rubbed on a footstool made by
+the united crowns of neighbouring kings.
+
+Who is there that fears not the wicked, pitiless in causeless enmity;
+in whose mouth calumny hard to bear is always ready as the poison of
+a serpent?
+
+The wicked, like fetters, echo harshly, wound deeply, and leave a
+scar; while the good, like jewelled anklets, ever charm the mind with
+sweet sounds.
+
+(4) In a bad man gentle words sink no deeper than the throat, like
+nectar swallowed by Rahu. The good man bears them constantly on his
+heart, as Hari his pure gem.
+
+A story tender with the charm of gracious speech, creates in the heart
+joy full of fresh interest [39]; and it comes of itself, with native
+feeling, to its lord's possession, like a fresh bride. [40]
+
+Who is not carried captive by tales fashioned in freshness of
+speech, all alight with similes, and the lamps of glowing words
+[41]: pleasant tales interwoven with many a contrast of words, [42]
+as jasmine garlands with campak buds?
+
+There was once a Brahman, Kuvera by name, sprung from the race of
+Vatsyayana, sung throughout the world for his virtue, a leader of the
+good: his lotus feet were worshipped by many a Gupta, and he seemed
+a very portion of Brahma.
+
+(5) On his mouth Sarasvati ever dwelt: for in it all evil was stilled
+by the Veda; it had lips purified by sacrificial cake, and a palate
+bitter with soma, and it was pleasant with smriti and �astra.
+
+In his house frightened boys, as they repeated verses of the Yajur
+and Sama Veda, were chidden at every word by caged parrots and mainas,
+who were thoroughly versed in everything belonging to words.
+
+From him was born Arthapati, a lord of the twice-born, as Hiranyagarbha
+from the world-egg, the moon from the Milky Ocean, or Garuda from
+Vinata.
+
+As he unfolded his spreading discourse day by day at dawn, new troops
+of pupils, intent on listening, [43] gave him a new glory, like fresh
+sandal-shoots fixed on the ear.
+
+(6) With countless sacrifices adorned with gifts duly offered, [44]
+having glowing Mahavira fires in their midst, [45] and raising the
+sacrificial posts as their hands, [46] he won easily, as if with a
+troop of elephants, the abode of the gods.
+
+He in due course obtained a son, Citrabhanu, who amongst his other
+noble and glorious sons, all versed in �ruti and �astra, shone as
+crystal, like Kailasa among mountains.
+
+The virtues of that noble man, reaching far and gleaming bright as a
+digit of the moon, yet without its spot, pierced deep even into the
+hearts of his foes, like the budding claws of Nrisimha (Vishnu).
+
+The dark smoke of many a sacrifice rose like curls on the brow of the
+goddesses of the sky; or like shoots of tamala on the ear of the bride,
+the Threefold Veda, and only made his own glory shine more bright.
+
+From him was born a son, Bana, when the drops that rose from
+the fatigue of the soma sacrifice were wiped from his brow by the
+folded lotus hands of Sarasvati, and when the seven worlds had been
+illuminated by the rays of his glory.
+
+(7) By that Brahman, albeit with a mind keeping even in his unspoken
+words its original dullness blinded by the darkness of its own utter
+folly, and simple from having never gained the charm of ready wit, this
+tale, surpassing the other two, [47] was fashioned, even Kadambari.
+
+
+
+There was once upon a time a king named �udraka. Like a second
+Indra, he had his commands honoured by the bent heads of all kings;
+he was lord of the earth girt in by the four oceans; he had an army
+of neighbouring chiefs bowed down in loyalty to his majesty; he had
+the signs of a universal emperor; (8) like Vishnu, his lotus-hand bore
+the sign of the conch and the quoit; like �iva, he had overcome Love;
+like Kartikeya, he was unconquerable in might [48]; like Brahma, he
+had the circle of great kings humbled [49]; like the ocean, he was
+the source of Lakshmi; like the stream of Ganges, he followed in the
+course of the pious king Bhagiratha; like the sun, he rose daily in
+fresh splendour; like Meru, the brightness of his foot was honoured by
+all the world; like the elephant of the quarters, [50] he constantly
+poured forth a stream of generosity. He was a worker of wonders, an
+offerer of sacrifices, a mirror of moral law, a source of the arts, a
+native home of virtue; a spring of the ambrosial sweetness of poetry,
+a mountain of sunrise to all his friends, [51] and a direful comet to
+all his foes. (9) He was, moreover, a founder of literary societies,
+a refuge for men of taste, a rejecter of haughty bowholders, a leader
+among the bold, a chief among the wise. He was a cause of gladness to
+the humble, as Vainateya [52] was to Vinata. He rooted up with the
+point of his bow the boundary-mountains of his foes as Prithuraja
+did the noble mountains. He mocked Krishna, also, for while the
+latter made his boast of his man-lion form, he himself smote down
+the hearts of his foes by his very name, and while Krishna wearied
+the universe with his three steps, he subdued the whole world by one
+heroic effort. Glory long dwelt on the watered edge of his sword, as
+if to wash off the stain of contact with a thousand base chieftains,
+which had clung to her too long.
+
+By the indwelling of Dharma in his mind, Yama in his wrath, Kuvera in
+his kindness, Agni in his splendour, Earth in his arm, Lakshmi in his
+glance, Sarasvati in his eloquence, (10) the Moon in his face, the Wind
+in his might, Brihaspati in his knowledge, Love in his beauty, the Sun
+in his glory, he resembled holy Narayana, whose nature manifests every
+form, and who is the very essence of deity. Royal glory came to him
+once for all, like a woman coming to meet her lover, on the nights of
+battle stormy with the showers of ichor from the elephants' temples,
+and stood by him in the midst of the darkness of thousands of coats of
+mail, loosened from the doors of the breasts of warriors. She seemed
+to be drawn irresistibly by his sword, which was uneven in its edge,
+by reason of the drops of water forced out by the pressure of his
+strong hand, and which was decked with large pearls clinging to it
+when he clove the frontal bones of wild elephants. The flame of his
+majesty burnt day and night, as if it were a fire within his foes'
+fair wives, albeit reft of their lords, as if he would destroy the
+husbands now only enshrined in their hearts.
+
+(11) While he, having subdued the earth, was guardian of the world,
+the only mixing of colour [53] was in painting; the only pulling of
+hair in caresses; the only strict fetters in the laws of poetry; the
+only care was concerning moral law; the only deception was in dreams;
+the only golden rods [54] were in umbrellas. Banners alone trembled;
+songs alone showed variations [55]; elephants alone were rampant; [56]
+bows alone had severed cords; [57] lattice windows alone had ensnaring
+network; lovers' disputes alone caused sending of messengers; dice and
+chessmen alone left empty squares; and his subjects had no deserted
+homes. Under him, too, there was only fear of the next world, only
+twisting in the curls of the zenana women, only loquacity in anklets,
+only taking the hand [58] in marriage, only shedding of tears from
+the smoke of ceaseless sacrificial fires; the only sound of the lash
+was for horses, while the only twang of the bow was Love's.
+
+(15) When the thousand-rayed sun, bursting open the young lotus-buds,
+had not long risen, though it had lost somewhat of the pinkness of
+dawn, a portress approached the king in his hall of audience, and
+humbly addressed him. Her form was lovely, yet awe-inspiring, and
+with the scimitar (a weapon rarely worn by women) hanging at her left
+side, was like a sandal-tree girt by a snake. Her bosom glistened with
+rich sandal ointment like the heavenly Ganges when the frontal-bone of
+Airavata rises from its waters. (16) The chiefs bent before her seemed,
+by her reflection on their crests, to bear her on their foreheads as
+a royal command in human form. Like autumn, [59] she was robed in
+the whiteness of hamsas; like the blade of Para�urama she held the
+circle of kings in submission; like the forest land of the Vindhyas,
+she bore her wand, [60] and she seemed the very guardian-goddess of
+the realm. Placing on the ground her lotus hand and knee, she thus
+spake: 'Sire, there stands at the gate a Candala maiden from the
+South, a royal glory of the race of that Tri�amku [61] who climbed
+the sky, but fell from it at the murmur of wrathful Indra. She bears
+a parrot in a cage, and bids me thus hail your majesty: "Sire, thou,
+like the ocean, art alone worthy to receive the treasures of the whole
+earth. In the thought that this bird is a marvel, and the treasure of
+the whole earth, I bring it to lay at thy feet, and desire to behold
+thee." (17) Thou, 0 king, hast heard her message, and must decide!' So
+saying, she ended her speech. The king, whose curiosity was aroused,
+looked at the chiefs around him, and with the words 'Why not? Bid
+her enter?' gave his permission.
+
+Then the portress, immediately on the king's order, ushered in the
+Candala maiden. And she entered and beheld the king in the midst of
+a thousand chiefs, like golden-peaked Meru in the midst of the noble
+mountains crouching together in fear of Indra's thunderbolt; or,
+in that the brightness of the jewels scattered on his dress almost
+concealed his form, like a day of storm, whereon the eight quarters of
+the globe are covered by Indra's thousand bows. He was sitting on a
+couch studded with moon-stones, beneath a small silken canopy, white
+as the foam of the rivers of heaven, with its four jewel-encrusted
+pillars joined by golden chains, and enwreathed with a rope of large
+pearls. Many cowries with golden handles waved around him; (18) his
+left foot rested on a footstool of crystal that was like the moon
+bent in humiliation before the flashing beauty of his countenance,
+and was adorned by the brightness of his feet, which yet were tinged
+with blue from the light rays of the sapphire pavement, as though
+darkened by the sighs of his conquered foes. His breast, crimsoned by
+the rubies which shone on his throne, recalled Krishna, red with blood
+from the fresh slaughter of Madhukaitabha; his two silken garments,
+white as the foam of ambrosia, with pairs of hamsas painted in yellow
+on their hem, waved in the wind raised by the cowries; the fragrant
+sandal unguent with which his chest was whitened, besprinkled with
+saffron ointment, was like snowy Kailasa with the early sunshine upon
+it; his face was encircled by pearls like stars mistaking it for the
+moon; the sapphire bracelets that clasped his arms were as a threat of
+chains to bind fickle fortune, or as snakes attracted by the smell of
+sandal-wood; (19) the lotus in his ear hung down slightly; his nose
+was aquiline, his eyes were like lotuses in full blossom, the hair
+grew in a circle between his brows, and was purified by the waters
+that inaugurated his possession of universal rule; his forehead was
+like a piece of the eighth-day moon made into a block of pure gold,
+garlanded with sweet jasmine, like the Western Mountain in the dawn
+with the stars growing pale on its brow. He was like the God of Love
+when struck by �iva's fire, for his body was tawny from the colour
+of his ornaments. His hand-maidens surrounded him, as if they were
+the goddesses of the quarters of the globe come to worship him; the
+earth bore him, as on her heart, through loyalty, in the reflection
+of his image in her clear mosaic pavement; fortune seemed his alone,
+though by him she was given to all to enjoy. (20) He was without a
+second, though his followers were without number; he trusted only
+to his own sword, though he had countless elephants and horses in
+his retinue; he filled the whole earth, though he stood in a small
+space of ground; he rested only on his bow, and yet was seated on his
+throne; he shone with the flame of majesty, though all the fuel of
+his enemies was uprooted; he had large eyes, and yet saw the smallest
+things; he was the home of all virtues, and yet was overreaching;
+[62] he was beloved of his wives, and yet was a despotic lord; he was
+free from intoxication, though he had an unfailing stream of bounty;
+he was fair in nature, yet in conduct a Krishna; [63] he laid no heavy
+hand [64] on his subjects, and yet the whole world rested in his grasp.
+
+Such was this king. And she yet afar beholding him, with a hand soft
+as the petal of a red lotus, and surrounded by a tinkling bracelet,
+and clasping the bamboo with its end jagged, (21) struck once on the
+mosaic floor to arouse the king; and at the sound, in a moment the
+whole assemblage of chiefs turned their eyes from the king to her,
+like a herd of wild elephants at the falling of the cocoanut. Then the
+king, with the words, 'Look yonder,' to his suite, gazed steadily upon
+the Candala maiden, as she was pointed out by the portress. Before
+her went a man, whose hair was hoary with age, whose eyes were the
+colour of the red lotus, whose joints, despite the loss of youth,
+were firm from incessant labour, whose form, though that of a Matanga,
+was not to be despised, and who wore the white raiment meet for a
+court. Behind her went a Candala boy, with locks falling on either
+shoulder, bearing a cage, the bars of which, though of gold, shone
+like emerald from the reflection of the parrot's plumage. (22) She
+herself seemed by the darkness of her hue to imitate Krishna when he
+guilefully assumed a woman's attire to take away the amrita seized by
+the demons. She was, as it were, a doll of sapphire walking alone;
+and over the blue garment, which reached to her ankle, there fell a
+veil of red silk, like evening sunshine falling on blue lotuses. The
+circle of her cheek was whitened by the earring that hung from one
+ear, like the face of night inlaid with the rays of the rising moon;
+she had a tawny tilaka of gorocana, as if it were a third eye, like
+Parvati in mountaineer's attire, after the fashion of the garb of �iva.
+
+She was like �ri, darkened by the sapphire glory of Narayana reflected
+on the robe on her breast; or like Rati, stained by smoke which rose as
+Madana was burnt by the fire of wrathful �iva; or like Yamuna, fleeing
+in fear of being drawn along by the ploughshare of wild Balarama;
+or, from the rich lac that turned her lotus feet into budding shoots,
+like Durga, with her feet crimsoned by the blood of the Asura Mahisha
+she had just trampled upon.
+
+(23) Her nails were rosy from the pink glow of her fingers; the
+mosaic pavement seemed too hard for her touch, and she came forward,
+placing her feet like tender twigs upon the ground.
+
+The rays of her anklets, rising in flame-colour, seemed to encircle
+her as with the arms of Agni, as though, by his love for her beauty, he
+would purify the stain of her birth, and so set the Creator at naught.
+
+Her girdle was like the stars wreathed on the brow of the elephant
+of Love; and her necklace was a rope of large bright pearls, like
+the stream of Ganga just tinged by Yamuna.
+
+Like autumn, she opened her lotus eyes; like the rainy season, she had
+cloudy tresses; like the circle of the Malaya Hills, she was wreathed
+with sandal; (24) like the zodiac, she was decked with starry gems;
+[65] like �ri, she had the fairness of a lotus in her hand; like a
+swoon, she entranced the heart; like a forest, she was endowed with
+living [66] beauty; like the child of a goddess, she was claimed by
+no tribe; [67] like sleep, she charmed the eyes; as a lotus-pool in
+a wood is troubled by elephants, so was she dimmed by her Matanga
+[68] birth; like a spirit, she might not be touched; like a letter,
+she gladdened the eyes alone; like the blossoms of spring, she lacked
+the jati flower; [69] her slender waist, like the line of Love's bow,
+could be spanned by the hands; with her curly hair, she was like the
+Lakshmi of the Yaksha king in Alaka. [70] She had but reached the
+flower of her youth, and was beautiful exceedingly. And the king was
+amazed; and the thought arose in his mind, (25) 'Ill-placed was the
+labour of the Creator in producing this beauty! For if she has been
+created as though in mockery of her Candala form, such that all the
+world's wealth of loveliness is laughed to scorn by her own, why was
+she born in a race with which none can mate? Surely by thought alone
+did Prajapati create her, fearing the penalties of contact with the
+Matanga race, else whence this unsullied radiance, a grace that belongs
+not to limbs sullied by touch? Moreover, though fair in form, by the
+baseness of her birth, whereby she, like a Lakshmi of the lower world,
+is a perpetual reproach to the gods, [71] she, lovely as she is, causes
+fear in Brahma, the maker of so strange a union.' While the king was
+thus thinking the maiden, garlanded with flowers, that fell over her
+ears, bowed herself before him with a confidence beyond her years. And
+when she had made her reverence and stepped on to the mosaic floor,
+her attendant, taking the parrot, which had just entered the cage,
+advanced a few steps, and, showing it to the king, said: 'Sire, this
+parrot, by name Vai�ampayana, knows the meaning of all the �astras,
+is expert in the practice of royal policy, (26) skilled in tales,
+history, and Puranas, and acquainted with songs and with musical
+intervals. He recites, and himself composes graceful and incomparable
+modern romances, love-stories, plays, and poems, and the like; he
+is versed in witticisms, and is an unrivalled disciple of the vina,
+flute, and drum. He is skilled in displaying the different movements of
+dancing, dextrous in painting, very bold in play, ready in resources
+to calm a maiden angered in a lover's quarrel, and familiar with the
+characteristics of elephants, horses, men, and women. He is the gem
+of the whole earth; and in the thought that treasures belong to thee,
+as pearls to the ocean, the daughter of my lord has brought him hither
+to thy feet, O king! Let him be accepted as thine.'
+
+Having thus said, he laid the cage before the king and retired. (27)
+And when he was gone, the king of birds, standing before the king, and
+raising his right foot, having uttered the words, 'All hail!' recited
+to the king, in a song perfect in the enunciation of each syllable
+and accent, a verse [72] to this effect:
+
+
+    'The bosoms of your foemen's queens now mourn,
+    Keeping a fast of widowed solitude,
+    Bathed in salt tears, of pearl-wreaths all forlorn,
+    Scorched by their sad hearts' too close neighbourhood.'
+
+
+And the king, having heard it, was amazed, and joyfully addressed
+his minister Kumarapalita, who sat close to him on a costly golden
+throne, like Brihaspati in his mastery of political philosophy, aged,
+of noble birth, first in the circle of wise councillors: 'Thou hast
+heard the bird's clear enunciation of consonants, and the sweetness
+of his intonation. This, in the first place, is a great marvel, that
+he should raise a song in which the syllables are clearly separated;
+and there is a combination of correctness with clearness in the vowels
+and anunasikas. (28) Then, again, we had something more than that:
+for in him, though a lower creation, are found the accomplishments,
+as it were, of a man, in a pleasurable art, and the course of his
+song is inspired by knowledge. For it was he who, with the cry, "All
+hail!" straightened his right foot and sang this song concerning me,
+whereas, generally, birds and beasts are only skilled in the science of
+fearing, eating, pairing, and sleeping. This is most wonderful.' And
+when the king had said this, Kumarapalita, with a slight smile,
+replied: 'Where is the wonder? For all kinds of birds, beginning with
+the parrot and the maina, repeat a sound once heard, as thou, O king,
+knowest; so it is no wonder that exceeding skill is produced either
+by the efforts of men, or in consequence of perfection gained in a
+former birth. Moreover, they formerly possessed a voice like that of
+men, with clear utterance. The indistinct speech of parrots, as well
+as the change in elephants' tongues, arose from a curse of Agni.'
+
+Hardly had he thus spoken when there arose the blast of the mid-day
+conch, following the roar of the drum distinctly struck at the
+completion of the hour, and announcing that the sun had reached
+the zenith. (29) And, hearing this, the king dismissed his band of
+chiefs, as the hour for bathing was at hand, and arose from his hall
+of audience.
+
+Then, as he started, the great chiefs thronged together as they rose,
+tearing their silk raiment with the leaf-work of their bracelets,
+as it fell from its place in the hurried movement. Their necklaces
+were swinging with the shock; the quarters of space were made
+tawny by showers of fragrant sandal-powder and saffron scattered
+from their limbs in their restlessness; the bees arose in swarms
+from their garlands of malati flowers, all quivering; their cheeks
+were caressed by the lotuses in their ears, half hanging down; their
+strings of pearls were trembling on their bosoms--each longed in his
+self-consciousness to pay his respects to the king as he departed.
+
+The hall of audience was astir on all sides with the sound of the
+anklets of the cowrie bearers as they disappeared in all directions,
+bearing the cowries on their shoulders, their gems tinkling at every
+step, broken by the cry of the kalahamsas, eager to drink the lotus
+honey; (30) with the pleasant music of the jewelled girdles and
+wreaths of the dancing-girls coming to pay their respects as they
+struck their breast and sides; with the cries of the kalahamsas
+of the palace lake, which, charmed by the sound of the anklets,
+whitened the broad steps of the hall of audience; with the voices of
+the tame cranes, eager for the sound of the girdles, screaming more
+and more with a prolonged outcry, like the scratching of bell-metal;
+with the heavy tramp on the floor of the hall of audience struck
+by the feet of a hundred neighbouring chiefs suddenly departing,
+which seemed to shake the earth like a hurricane; with the cry of
+'Look!' from the wand-bearing ushers, who were driving the people
+in confusion before them, and shouting loudly, yet good-naturedly,
+'Behold!' long and shrill, resounding far by its echo in the bowers
+of the palace; (31) with the ringing of the pavement as it was
+scratched by the points of diadems with their projecting aigrettes,
+as the kings swiftly bent till their trembling crest-gems touched
+the ground; with the tinkling of the earrings as they rang on the
+hard mosaic in their owners' obeisance; with the space-pervading din
+of the bards reciting auspicious verses, and coming forward with the
+pleasant continuous cry, 'Long life and victory to our king!'; with
+the hum of the bees as they rose up leaving the flowers, by reason
+of the turmoil of the hundreds of departing feet; with the clash of
+the jewelled pillars on which the gems were set jangling from being
+struck by the points of the bracelets as the chieftains fell hastily
+prostrate in their confusion. The king then dismissed the assembled
+chiefs, saying, 'Rest awhile'; and after saying to the Candala maiden,
+'Let Vai�ampayana be taken into the inner apartments,' and giving the
+order to his betel-nut bearer, he went, accompanied by a few favourite
+princes, to his private apartments. There, laying aside his adornments,
+like the sun divested of his rays, or the sky bare of moon and stars,
+he entered the hall of exercise, where all was duly prepared. Having
+taken pleasant exercise therein with the princes of his own age, (32)
+he then entered the bathing-place, which was covered with a white
+canopy, surrounded by the verses of many a bard. It had a gold bath,
+filled with scented water in its midst, with a crystal bathing-seat
+placed by it, and was adorned with pitchers placed on one side,
+full of most fragrant waters, having their mouths darkened by bees
+attracted by the odour, as if they were covered with blue cloths,
+from fear of the heat. (33) Then the hand-maidens, some darkened by
+the reflection of their emerald jars, like embodied lotuses with
+their leafy cups, some holding silver pitchers, like night with a
+stream of light shed by the full moon, duly besprinkled the king. (34)
+Straightway there arose a blare of the trumpets sounded for bathing,
+penetrating all the hollows of the universe, accompanied by the din
+of song, lute, flute, drum, cymbal, and tabor, resounding shrilly
+in diverse tones, mingled with the uproar of a multitude of bards,
+and cleaving the path of hearing. Then, in due order, the king put
+upon him two white garments, light as a shed snake-skin, and wearing
+a turban, with an edge of fine silk, pure as a fleck of white cloud,
+like Himalaya with the stream of the heavenly river falling upon it,
+he made his libation to the Pitris with a handful of water, consecrated
+by a hymn, and then, prostrating himself before the sun, proceeded to
+the temple. When he had worshipped �iva, and made an offering to Agni,
+(35) his limbs were anointed in the perfuming-room with sandal-wood,
+sweetened with the fragrance of saffron, camphor, and musk, the
+scent of which was followed by murmuring bees; he put on a chaplet
+of scented malati flowers, changed his garb, and, with no adornment
+save his jewelled earrings, he, together with the kings, for whom a
+fitting meal was prepared, broke his fast, with the pleasure that
+arises from the enjoyment of viands of sweet savour. Then, having
+drunk of a fragrant drug, rinsed his mouth, and taken his betel, he
+arose from his da�s, with its bright mosaic pavement. The portress,
+who was close by, hastened to him, and leaning on her arm, he went
+to the hall of audience, followed by the attendants worthy to enter
+the inner apartments, whose palms were like boughs, very hard from
+their firm grasp of their wands.
+
+The hall showed as though walled with crystal by reason of the
+white silk that draped its ends; the jewelled floor was watered to
+coolness with sandal-water, to which was added very fragrant musk;
+the pure mosaic was ceaselessly strewn with masses of blossoms,
+as the sky with its bevy of stars; (36) many a golden pillar shone
+forth, purified with scented water, and decked with countless images,
+as though with the household gods in their niches; aloe spread its
+fragrance richly; the whole was dominated by an alcove, which held a
+couch white as a cloud after storm, with a flower-scented covering,
+a pillow of fine linen at the head, castors encrusted with gems, and
+a jewelled footstool by its side, like the peak of Himalaya to behold.
+
+Reclining on this couch, while a maiden, seated on the ground, having
+placed in her bosom the dagger she was wont to bear, gently rubbed his
+feet with a palm soft as the leaves of fresh lotuses, the king rested
+for a short time, and held converse on many a theme with the kings,
+ministers, and friends whose presence was meet for that hour.
+
+He then bade the portress, who was at hand, to fetch Vai�ampayana
+from the women's apartments, for he had become curious to learn his
+story. And she, bending hand and knee to the ground, with the words
+'Thy will shall be done!' taking the command on her head, fulfilled
+his bidding. (37) Soon Vai�ampayana approached the king, having his
+cage borne by the portress, under the escort of a herald, leaning on
+a gold staff, slightly bent, white robed, wearing a top-knot silvered
+with age, slow in gait, and tremulous in speech, like an aged flamingo
+in his love for the race of birds, who, placing his palm on the ground,
+thus delivered his message: 'Sire, the queens send thee word that by
+thy command this Vai�ampayana has been bathed and fed, and is now
+brought by the portress to thy feet.' Thus speaking, he retired,
+and the king asked Vai�ampayana: 'Hast thou in the interval eaten
+food sufficient and to thy taste?' 'Sire,' replied he, 'what have
+I not eaten? I have drunk my fill of the juice of the jambu fruit,
+aromatically sweet, pink and blue as a cuckoo's eye in the gladness
+of spring; I have cracked the pomegranate seeds, bright as pearls
+wet with blood, which lions' claws have torn from the frontal bones
+of elephants. I have torn at my will old myrobalans, green as lotus
+leaves, and sweet as grapes. (38) But what need of further words? For
+everything brought by the queens with their own hands turns to
+ambrosia.' And the king, rebuking his talk, said: 'Let all this
+cease for a while, and do thou remove our curiosity. Tell us from
+the very beginning the whole history of thy birth--in what country,
+and how wert thou born, and by whom was thy name given? Who were thy
+father and mother? How came thine attainment of the Vedas, and thine
+acquaintance with the �astras, and thy skill in the fine arts? What
+caused thy remembrance of a former birth? Was it a special boon given
+thee? Or dost thou dwell in disguise, wearing the form only of a bird,
+and where didst thou formerly dwell? How old art thou, and how came
+this bondage of a cage, and the falling into the hands of a Candala
+maiden, and thy coming hither?' Thus respectfully questioned by the
+king, whose curiosity was kindled, Vai�ampayana thought a moment,
+and reverently replied, 'Sire, the tale is long; but if it is thy
+pleasure, let it be heard.'
+
+
+
+'There is a forest, by name Vindhya, that embraces the shores of the
+eastern and western ocean, and decks the central region as though
+it were the earth's zone. (39) It is beauteous with trees watered
+with the ichor of wild elephants, and bearing on their crests masses
+of white blossom that rise to the sky and vie with the stars; in
+it the pepper-trees, bitten by ospreys in their spring gladness,
+spread their boughs; tamala branches trampled by young elephants
+fill it with fragrance; shoots in hue like the wine-flushed cheeks
+of Malabaris, as though roseate with lac from the feet of wandering
+wood-nymphs, overshadow it. Bowers there are, too, wet with drippings
+from parrot-pierced pomegranates; bowers in which the ground is covered
+with torn fruit and leaves shaken down by restless monkeys from the
+kakkola trees, or sprinkled with pollen from ever-falling blossoms,
+or strewn with couches of clove-branches by travellers, or hemmed
+in by fine cocoanuts, ketakis, kariras, and bakulas; bowers so fair
+that with their areca trees girt about with betel vines, they make
+a fitting home for a woodland Lakshmi. Thickly growing elas make
+the wood dark and fragrant, as with the ichor of wild elephants;
+(40) hundreds of lions, who meet their death from barbaric leaders
+eager to seize the pearls of the elephants' frontal-bones still
+clinging to their mouth and claws, roam therein; it is fearful as
+the haunt of death, like the citadel of Yama, and filled with the
+buffaloes dear to him; like an army ready for battle, it has bees
+resting on its arrow-trees, as the points on arrows, and the roar of
+the lion is clear as the lion-cry of onset; it has rhinoceros tusks
+dreadful as the dagger of Durga, and like her is adorned with red
+sandal-wood; like the story of Karnisuta, it has its Vipula, Acala
+and �a�a in the wide mountains haunted by hares, [73] that lie near
+it; as the twilight of the last eve of an aeon has the frantic dance
+of blue-necked �iva, so has it the dances of blue-necked peacocks,
+and bursts into crimson; as the time of churning the ocean had the
+glory of �ri and the tree which grants all desires, and was surrounded
+by sweet draughts of Varuna, [74] so is it adorned by �ri trees and
+Varuna2 trees. It is densely dark, as the rainy season with clouds,
+and decked with pools in countless hundreds; [75] like the moon, it
+is always the haunt of the bears, and is the home of the deer. [76]
+(41) Like a king's palace, it is adorned by the tails of cowrie deer,
+[77] and protected by troops of fierce elephants. Like Durga, it is
+strong of nature, [78] and haunted by the lion. Like Sita, it has
+its Ku�a, and is held by the wanderer of night. [79] Like a maiden
+in love, it wears the scent of sandal and musk, and is adorned with
+a tilaka of bright aloes; [80] like a lady in her lover's absence,
+it is fanned with the wind of many a bough, and possessed of Madana;
+[81] like a child's neck, it is bright with rows of tiger's-claws,
+[82] and adorned with a rhinoceros; [83] like a hall of revelry with
+its honeyed draughts, it has hundreds of beehives [84] visible, and
+is strewn with flowers. In parts it has a circle of earth torn up by
+the tusks of large boars, like the end of the world when the circle
+of the earth was lifted up by the tusks of Mahavaraha; here, like
+the city of Ravana, it is filled with lofty �alas [85] inhabited by
+restless monkeys; (42) here it is, like the scene of a recent wedding,
+bright with fresh ku�a grass, fuel, flowers, acacia, and pala�a; here,
+it seems to bristle in terror at the lions' roar; here, it is vocal
+with cuckoos wild for joy; here it is, as if in excitement, resonant
+with the sound of palms [86] in the strong wind; here, it drops its
+palm-leaves like a widow giving up her earrings; here, like a field of
+battle, it is filled with arrowy reeds; [87] here, like Indra's body,
+it has a thousand netras; [88] here, like Vishnu's form, it has the
+darkness of tamalas; [89] here, like the banner of Arjuna's chariot,
+it is blazoned with monkeys; here, like the court of an earthly king,
+it is hard of access, through the bamboos; here, like the city of
+King Virata, it is guarded by a Kicaka; [90] here, like the Lakshmi of
+the sky, it has the tremulous eyes of its deer pursued by the hunter;
+[91] here, like an ascetic, it has bark, bushes, and ragged strips and
+grass. [92] (43) Though adorned with Saptaparna, [93] it yet possesses
+leaves innumerable; though honoured by ascetics, it is yet very savage;
+[94] though in its season of blossom, it is yet most pure.
+
+'In that forest there is a hermitage, famed throughout the world--a
+very birthplace of Dharma. It is adorned with trees tended by
+Lopamudra as her own children, fed with water sprinkled by her own
+hands, and trenched round by herself. She was the wife of the great
+ascetic Agastya; he it was who at the prayer of Indra drank up the
+waters of ocean, and who, when the Vindhya mountains, by a thousand
+wide peaks stretching to the sky in rivalry of Meru, were striving to
+stop the course of the sun's chariot, and were despising the prayers
+of all the gods, yet had his commands obeyed by them; who digested the
+demon Vatapi by his inward fire; who had the dust of his feet kissed
+by the tips of the gold ornaments on the crests of gods and demons; who
+adorned the brow of the Southern Region; and who manifested his majesty
+by casting Nahusha down from heaven by the mere force of his murmur.
+
+(44) 'The hermitage is also hallowed by Lopamudra's son Dridhadasyu,
+an ascetic, bearing his staff of pala�a, [95] wearing a sectarial
+mark made of purifying ashes, clothed in strips of ku�a grass,
+girt with mu�ja, holding a cup of green leaves in his roaming from
+hut to hut to ask alms. From the large supply of fuel he brought,
+he was surnamed by his father Fuelbearer.
+
+'The place is also darkened in many a spot by green parrots and by
+plantain groves, and is girt by the river Godaveri, which, like a
+dutiful wife, followed the path of the ocean when drunk by Agastya.
+
+'There, too, Rama, when he gave up his kingdom to keep his father's
+promise, dwelt happily for some time at Pa�cavati with Sita, following
+the great ascetic Agastya, living in a pleasant hut made by Lakshmana,
+even Rama, the vexer of the triumphs of Ravana's glory. [96]
+
+'There, even now, the trees, though the hermitage has long been empty,
+show, as it were, in the lines of white doves softly nestling in the
+boughs, the hermits' pure lines of sacrificial smoke clinging to them;
+and there a glow bursts forth on the shoots of creepers, as if it had
+passed to them from Sita's hand as she offered flowers of oblation;
+(45) there the water of ocean drunk and sent forth by the ascetic
+seems to have been wholly distributed among the great lakes round the
+hermitage; there the wood, with its fresh foliage, shines as if its
+roots had been watered with the blood of countless hosts of demons
+struck down by Rama's many keen shafts, and as if now its palaa�as
+were stained with their crimson hue; there, even yet, the old deer
+nurtured by Sita, when they hear the deep roar of fresh clouds in the
+rainy season, think on the twang of Rama's bow penetrating all the
+hollows of the universe, and refuse their mouthfuls of fresh grass,
+while their eyes are dimmed by ceaseless tears, as they see a deserted
+world, and their own horns crumbling from age; there, too, the golden
+deer, as if it had been incited by the rest of the forest deer slain
+in the ceaseless chase, deceived Sita, and led the son of Raghu
+far astray; there, too, in their grief for the bitter loss of Sita,
+Rama and Lakshmana seized by Kabandha, like an eclipse of sun and moon
+heralding the death of Ravana, filled the universe with a mighty dread;
+(46) there, too, the arm of Yojanabahu, struck off by Rama's arrow,
+caused fear in the saints as it lay on the ground, lest it should be
+the serpent form of Nahusha, brought back by Agastya's curse; there,
+even now, foresters behold Sita painted inside the hut by her husband
+to solace his bereavement, as if she were again rising from the ground
+in her longing to see her husband's home.
+
+'Not far from that hermitage of Agastya, of which the ancient history
+is yet clearly to be seen, is a lotus lake called Pampa. It stands
+near that hermitage, as if it were a second ocean made by the Creator
+in rivalry with Agastya, at the prompting of Varuna, wrathful at
+the drinking of ocean; it is like the sky fallen on earth to bind
+together the fragments of the eight quarters when severed in the
+day of doom. [97] (48) It is, indeed, a peerless home of waters,
+and its depth and extent none can tell. There, even now, the wanderer
+may see pairs of cakravakas, with their wings turned to blue by the
+gleam of the blossoming lotuses, as if they were swallowed up by the
+impersonate curse of Rama.
+
+'On the left bank of that lake, and near a clump of palms broken
+by Rama's arrows, was a large old �almali tree. [98] It shows as
+though it were enclosed in a large trench, because its roots are
+always encircled by an old snake, like the trunk of the elephants
+of the quarters; (49) it seems to be mantled with the slough of
+serpents, which hangs on its lofty trunk and waves in the wind;
+it strives to compass the measurement of the circle of space by its
+many boughs spreading through the firmament, and so to imitate �iva,
+whose thousand arms are outstretched in his wild dance at the day
+of doom, and who wears the moon on his crest. Through its weight of
+years, it clings for support even to the shoulder of the wind; it is
+girt with creepers that cover its whole trunk, and stand out like the
+thick veins of old age. Thorns have gathered on its surface like the
+moles of old age; not even the thick clouds by which its foliage is
+bedewed can behold its top, when, after drinking the waters of ocean,
+they return from all sides to the sky, and pause for a moment, weary
+with their load of water, like birds amongst its boughs. From its
+great height, it seems to be on tiptoe to look [99] at the glory of
+the Nandana [100] Wood; its topmost branches are whitened by cotton,
+which men might mistake for foam dropped from the corners of their
+mouths by the sun's steeds as, beset with weariness of their path
+through the sky, they come near it in their course overhead; (50)
+it has a root that will last for an aeon, for, with the garland
+of drunken bees sticking to the ichor which clings to it where the
+cheeks of woodland elephants are rubbed against it, it seems to be
+held motionless by iron chains; it seems alive with swarms of bees,
+flashing in and out of its hollow trunk. It beholds the alighting of
+the wings of birds, as Duryodhana receives proofs of �akuni's [101]
+partizanship; like Krishna, it is encircled by a woodland chaplet;
+[102] like a mass of fresh clouds its rising is seen in the sky. It
+is a temple whence woodland goddesses can look out upon the whole
+world. It is the king of the Dandaka Wood, the leader of the lordly
+trees, the friend of the Vindhya Mountains, and it seems to embrace
+with the arms of its boughs the whole Vindhya Forest. There, on the
+edge of the boughs, in the centre of the crevices, amongst the twigs,
+in the joints of the trunks, in the holes of the rotten bark, flocks
+of parrots have taken their abode. From its spaciousness, they have
+confidently built in it their thousand nests; from its steepness,
+they have come to it fearlessly from every quarter. Though its
+leaves are thin with age, this lord of the forest still looks green
+with dense foliage, as they rest upon it day and night. (51) In it
+they spend the nights in their own nests, and daily, as they rise,
+they form lines in the sky; they show in heaven like Yamuna with her
+wide streams scattered by the tossing of Bala's ploughshare in his
+passion; they suggest a lotus-bed of the heavenly Ganges flowing away,
+uprooted by the elephant of heaven; they show forth a sky streaked,
+as it were, with the brightness of the steeds of the sun's chariot;
+they wear the semblance of a moving floor of emerald; they stretch
+out in the lake of heaven like long twines of Vallisneria; they fan
+the faces of the quarters wearied with the mass of the sun's keen
+rays, with their wings spread against the sky like plantain leaves;
+they form a grassy path stretching through the heaven, and as they
+roam they grace the firmament with a rainbow. After their meal they
+return to the young birds which stay in the nest, and give them,
+from beaks pink as tiger's claws reddened with the blood of slain
+deer, the juice of fruits and many a dainty morsel of rice-clusters,
+for by their deep love to their children all their other likings are
+subdued; (52) then they spend the night in this same tree with their
+young under their wings.
+
+'Now my father, who by reason of his great age barely dragged on his
+life, dwelt with my mother in a certain old hollow, and to him I was,
+by the decree of Fate, born as his only son. My mother, overcome by
+the pains of child-birth when I was born, went to another world, and,
+in spite of his grief for the death of his loved wife, my father, from
+love to his child, checked the keen onrush of his sorrow, and devoted
+himself in his loneliness wholly to my nurture. From his great age,
+the wide wings he raised had lost their power of flight, and hung
+loose from his shoulders, so that when he shook them he seemed to
+be trying to shake off the painful old age that clung to his body,
+while his few remaining tail feathers were broken like a tatter of
+ku�a grass; and yet, though he was unable to wander far, he gathered
+up bits of fruit torn down by parrots and fallen at the foot of the
+tree, and picked up grains of rice from rice-stalks that had fallen
+from other nests, with a beak the point of which was broken and the
+edge worn away and rubbed by breaking rice-clusters, and pink as the
+stalk of the sephalika flower when still hard, and he daily made his
+own meal on what I left.
+
+(53) 'But one day I heard a sound of the tumult of the chase. The
+moon, reddened by the glow of dawn, was descending to the shore
+of the Western Ocean, from the island of the heavenly Ganges, like
+an old hamsa with its wings reddened by the honey of the heavenly
+lotus-bed; the circle of space was widening, and was white as the
+hair of a ranku deer; the throng of stars, like flowers strewn on
+the pavement of heaven, were being cast away by the sun's long rays,
+as if they were brooms of rubies, for they were red as a lion's
+mane dyed in elephant's blood, or pink as sticks of burning lac; the
+cluster of the Seven Sages was, as it were, descending the bank of the
+Manasa Lake, and rested on the northern quarter to worship the dawn;
+the Western Ocean was lifting a mass of pearls, scattered from open
+shells on its shore, as though the stars, melted by the sun's rays,
+had fallen on it, whitening the surface of its alluvial islands. The
+wood was dropping dew; its peacocks were awake; its lions were yawning;
+(54) its wild elephants were wakened by herds of she-elephants, and
+it, with its boughs raised like reverential hands, sent up towards
+the sun, as he rested on the peak of the Eastern Mountain, a mass of
+flowers, the filaments of which were heavy with the night dews. The
+lines of sacrificial smoke from the hermitages, gray as the hair
+of an ass, were gleaming like banners of holiness, and rested like
+doves on the tree-tops whereon the wood-nymphs dwelt. The morning
+breeze was blowing, and roamed softly, for it was weary at the end
+of night; it gladdened swarms of bees by the flowers' perfume; it
+rained showers of honey dew from the opened lotuses; it was eager
+to teach the dancing creepers with their waving boughs; it carried
+drops of foam from the rumination of woodland buffaloes; it removed
+the perspiration of the weary mountaineers; it shook the lotuses, and
+bore with it the dewdrops. The bees, who ought to be the drums on the
+elephant's frontal-bones to recite auspicious songs for the wakening
+of the day lotus-groves, now sent up their hum from the hearts of the
+night-lotuses, as their wings were clogged in the closing petals;
+(55) the deer of the wood had the markings on their breast, gray
+with resting on the salt ground, and slowly opened eyes, the pupils
+of which were still squinting with the remains of sleep, and were
+caught by the cool morning breeze as if their eyelashes were held
+together by heated lac; foresters were hastening hither and thither;
+the din of the kalahamsas on the Pampa Lake, sweet to the ear, was
+now beginning; the pleasant flapping of the wild elephant's ears
+breaking forth caused the peacocks to dance; in time the sun himself
+slowly arose, and wandered among the tree-tops round the Pampa Lake,
+and haunted the mountain peaks, with rays of madder, like a mass of
+cowries bending downwards from the sun's elephant as he plunges into
+the sky; the fresh light sprung from the sun banished the stars,
+falling on the wood like the monkey king who had again lost Tara;
+[103] the morning twilight became visible quickly, occupying the
+eighth part of the day, and the sun's light became clear.
+
+'The troops of parrots had all started to the places they desired;
+that tree seemed empty by reason of the great stillness, though it had
+all the young parrots resting quietly in their nests. (56) My father
+was still in his own nest, and I, as from my youth my wings were
+hardly fledged and had no strength, was close to him in the hollow,
+when I suddenly heard in that forest the sound of the tumult of the
+chase. It terrified every woodland creature; it was drawn out by a
+sound of birds' wings flying hastily up; it was mingled with cries
+from the frightened young elephants; it was increased by the hum of
+drunken bees, disturbed on the shaken creepers; it was loud with the
+noise of wild boars roaming with raised snouts; it was swollen by the
+roar of lions wakened from their sleep in mountain caves; it seemed to
+shake the trees, and was great as the noise of the torrents of Ganges,
+when brought down by Bhagiratha; and the woodland nymphs listened to
+it in terror.
+
+'When I heard this strange sound I began to tremble in my childishness;
+the cavity of my ear was almost broken; I shook for fear, and thinking
+that my father, who was close by, could help me, I crept within his
+wings, loosened as they were by age.
+
+'Straightway I heard an outcry of "Hence comes the scent of the
+lotus beds the leaders of the elephants have trampled! Hence the
+perfume of rushes the boars have chewed! Hence the keen fragrance
+of gum-olibanum the young elephants have divided! Hence the rustling
+of dry leaves shaken down! (57) Hence the dust of antheaps that the
+horns of wild buffaloes have cleft like thunderbolts! Hence came a
+herd of deer! Hence a troop of wild elephants! Hence a band of wild
+boars! Hence a multitude of wild buffaloes! Hence the shriek of a
+circle of peacocks! Hence the murmur of partridges! Hence the cry of
+ospreys! Hence the groan of elephants with their frontal bones torn
+by lion's claws! This is a boar's path stained with fresh mud! This
+a mass of foam from the rumination of deer, darkened by the juice
+of mouthfuls of grass just eaten! This the hum of bees garrulous as
+they cling to the scent left by the rubbing of elephants' foreheads
+with ichor flowing! That the path of the ruru deer pink with withered
+leaves bedewed with blood that has been shed. That is a mass of shoots
+on the trees crushed by the feet of elephants! Those are the gambols
+of rhinoceroses; that is the lion's track jagged with pieces of the
+elephant's pearls, pink with blood, and engraved with a monstrous
+device by their claws; that is the earth crimsoned with the blood of
+the newly born offspring of the does; that is the path, like a widow's
+braid, darkened with the ichor of the lord of the herd wandering at his
+will! Follow this row of yaks straight before us! Quickly occupy this
+part of the wood where the dung of the deer is dried! (58) Climb the
+tree-top! Look out in this direction! Listen to this sound! Take the
+bow! Stand in your places! Let slip the hounds!" The wood trembled
+at the tumult of the hosts of men intent on the chase shouting to
+each other and concealed in the hollows of the trees.
+
+'Then that wood was soon shaken on all sides by the roar of lions
+struck by the �abaras' arrows, deepened by its echo rebounding from
+the hollows of the mountains, and strong as the sound of a drum newly
+oiled; by the roar from the throats of the elephants that led the herd,
+like the growl of thunder, and mixed with the ceaseless lashing of
+their trunks, as they came on alone, separated from the frightened
+herd; by the piteous cry of the deer, with their tremulous, terrified
+eyes, when the hounds suddenly tore their limbs; by the yell of
+she-elephants lengthening in grief for the death of their lord and
+leader, as they wandered every way with ears raised, ever pausing
+to listen to the din, bereft of their slain leaders and followed by
+their young; (59) by the bellowing of she-rhinoceroses seeking with
+outstretched necks their young, only born a few days before, and now
+lost in the panic; by the outcry of birds flying from the tree-tops,
+and wandering in confusion; by the tramp of herds of deer with all
+the haste of limbs made for speed, seeming to make the earth quake
+as it was struck simultaneously by their hurrying feet; by the twang
+of bows drawn to the ear, mingled, as they rained their arrows, with
+the cry from the throats of the loving she-ospreys; by the clash of
+swords with their blades whizzing against the wind and falling on the
+strong shoulders of buffaloes; and by the baying of the hounds which,
+as it was suddenly sent forth, penetrated all the recesses of the wood.
+
+'When soon afterwards the noise of the chase was stilled and the
+wood had become quiet, like the ocean when its water was stilled by
+the ceasing of the churning, or like a mass of clouds silent after
+the rainy season, I felt less of fear and became curious, and so,
+moving a little from my father's embrace, (60) I stood in the hollow,
+stretched out my neck, and with eyes that, from my childishness, were
+yet tremulous with fear, in my eagerness to see what this thing was,
+I cast my glance in that direction.
+
+'Before me I saw the �abara [104] army come out from the wood like
+the stream of Narmada tossed by Arjuna's [105] thousand arms; like a
+wood of tamalas stirred by the wind; like all the nights of the dark
+fortnight rolled into one; like a solid pillar of antimony shaken by
+an earthquake; like a grove of darkness disturbed by sunbeams; like
+the followers of death roaming; like the demon world that had burst
+open hell and risen up; like a crowd of evil deeds come together;
+like a caravan of curses of the many hermits dwelling in the Dandaka
+Forest; like all the hosts of Dushana [106] and Khara struck by
+Rama as he rained his ceaseless shafts, and they turned into demons
+for their hatred to him; like the whole confraternity of the Iron
+Age come together; like a band of buffaloes prepared for a plunge
+into the water; like a mass of black clouds broken by a blow from a
+lion's paw as he stands on the mountain peak; [107] like a throng of
+meteors risen for the destruction of all form; it darkened the wood;
+it numbered many thousands; it inspired great dread; it was like a
+multitude of demons portending disasters.
+
+(61) 'And in the midst of that great host of �abaras I beheld the
+�abara leader, Matanga by name. He was yet in early youth; from his
+great hardness he seemed made of iron; he was like Ekalavya [108]
+in another birth; from his growing beard, he was like a young royal
+elephant with its temples encircled by its first line of ichor;
+he filled the wood with beauty that streamed from him sombre as
+dark lotuses, like the waters of Yamuna; he had thick locks curled
+at the ends and hanging on his shoulders, like a lion with its
+mane stained by elephant's ichor; his brow was broad; his nose was
+stern and aquiline; his left side shone reddened by the faint pink
+rays of a jewelled snake's hood that was made the ornament for one
+of his ears, like the glow of shoots that had clung to him from
+his resting on a leafy couch; he was perfumed with fragrant ichor,
+bearing the scent of saptacchada blossoms torn from the cheeks of an
+elephant freshly slain, like a stain of black aloes; (62) he had the
+heat warded off by a swarm of bees, like a peacock-feather parasol,
+flying about blinded by the scent, as if they were a branch of tamala;
+he was marked with lines of perspiration on his cheek rubbed by his
+hand, as if Vindhya Forest, being conquered by his strong arm, were
+timidly offering homage under the guise of its slender waving twigs,
+and he seemed to tinge space by his eye somewhat pink, as if it were
+bloodshot, and shedding a twilight of the night of doom for the deer;
+he had mighty arms reaching to his knees, as if the measure of an
+elephant's trunk had been taken in making them, and his shoulders were
+rough with scars from keen weapons often used to make an offering of
+blood to Kali; the space round his eyes was bright and broad as the
+Vindhya Mountain, and with the drops of dried deer's blood clinging
+on it, and the marking of drops of perspiration, as if they were
+adorned by large pearls from an elephant's frontal bone mixed with
+gu�ja fruit; his chest was scarred by constant and ceaseless fatigue;
+he was clad in a silk dress red with cochineal, and with his strong
+legs he mocked a pair of elephants' posts stained with elephants'
+ichor; he seemed from his causeless fierceness to have been marked
+on his dread brow by a frown that formed three banners, as if Durga,
+propitiated by his great devotion, had marked him with a trident to
+denote that he was her servant. (63) He was accompanied by hounds
+of every colour, which were his familiar friends; they showed their
+weariness by tongues that, dry as they were, seemed by their natural
+pinkness to drip deer's blood, and which hung down far from tiredness;
+as their mouths were open they raised the corners of their lips and
+showed their flashing teeth clearly, like a lion's mane caught between
+the teeth; their throats were covered with strings of cowries, and they
+were hacked by blows from the large boars' tusks; though but small,
+from their great strength they were like lions' cubs with their manes
+ungrown; they were skilled in initiating the does in widowhood; with
+them came their wives, very large, like lionesses coming to beg an
+amnesty for the lions. He was surrounded by troops of �abaras of all
+kinds: some had seized elephants' tusks and the long hair of yaks;
+some had vessels for honey made of leaves closely bound; some, like
+lions, had hands filled with many a pearl from the frontal bones of
+elephants; some, like demons, had pieces of raw flesh; some, like
+goblins, were carrying the skins of lions; some, like Jain ascetics,
+held peacocks' tails; some, like children, wore crows' feathers; [109]
+some represented Krishna's [110] exploits by bearing the elephants'
+tusks they had torn out; (64) some, like the days of the rainy season,
+had garments dark as clouds. [111] He had his sword-sheath, as a
+wood its rhinoceroses; [112] like a fresh cloud, he held a bow [113]
+bright as peacocks' tails; like the demon Vaka, [114] he possessed a
+peerless army; like Garuda, he had torn out the teeth of many large
+nagas; [115] he was hostile to peacocks, as Bhishma to �ikhandi; [116]
+like a summer day, he always showed a thirst for deer; [117] like a
+heavenly genius, he was impetuous in pride; [118] as Vyasa followed
+Yojanagandha, [119] so did he follow the musk deer; like Ghatotkaca,
+he was dreadful in form; [120] as the locks of Uma were decked with
+�iva's moon, so was he adorned with the eyes in the peacocks' tails;
+[121] as the demon Hiranyaka�ipu [122] by Mahavaraha, so he had his
+breast torn by the teeth of a great boar; (65) like an ambitious
+man, [123] he had a train of captives around him; like a demon,
+he loved [124] the hunters; like the gamut of song, he was closed
+in by Nishadas; [125] like the trident of Durga, he was wet with the
+blood of buffaloes; though quite young, he had seen many lives pass;
+[126] though he had many hounds, [127] he lived on roots and fruits;
+though of Krishna's hue, [128] he was not good to look on; though
+he wandered at will, his mountain fort [129] was his only refuge;
+though he always lived at the foot of a lord of earth, [130] he was
+unskilled in the service of a king.
+
+'He was as the child of the Vindhya Mountains, the partial avatar of
+death; the born brother of wickedness, the essence of the Iron Age;
+horrible as he was, he yet inspired awe by reason of his natural
+greatness, [131] and his form could not be surpassed. [132] His name I
+afterwards learnt. In my mind was this thought: "Ah, the life of these
+men is full of folly, and their career is blamed by the good. (66)
+For their one religion is offering human flesh to Durga; their meat,
+mead, and so forth, is a meal loathed by the good; their exercise is
+the chase; their �astra [133] is the cry of the jackal; their teachers
+of good and evil are owls; [134] their knowledge is skill in birds;
+[135] their bosom friends are dogs; their kingdom is in deserted
+woods; their feast is a drinking bout; their friends are the bows
+that work their cruel deeds, and arrows, with their heads smeared,
+like snakes, with poison, are their helpers; their song is what draws
+on bewildered deer; their wives are the wives of others taken captive;
+their dwelling is with savage tigers; their worship of the gods is with
+the blood of beasts, their sacrifice with flesh, their livelihood by
+theft; the snakes' hood is their ornament; their cosmetic, elephants'
+ichor; and the very wood wherein they may dwell is utterly destroyed
+root and branch."
+
+'As I was thus thinking, the �abara leader, desiring to rest after
+his wandering through the forest, approached, and, laying his bow
+in the shade beneath that very cotton-tree, sat down on a seat of
+twigs gathered hastily by his suite. (67) Another youthful �abara,
+coming down hastily, brought to him from the lake, when he had stirred
+its waters with his hand, some water aromatic with lotus-pollen, and
+freshly-plucked bright lotus-fibres with their mud washed off; the
+water was like liquid lapis lazuli, or showed as if it were painted
+with a piece of sky fallen from the heat of the sun's rays in the day
+of doom, or had dropped from the moon's orb, or were a mass of melted
+pearl, or as if in its great purity it was frozen into ice, and could
+only be distinguished from it by touch. After drinking it, the �abara
+in turn devoured the lotus-fibres, as Rahu does the moon's digits;
+when he was rested he rose, and, followed by all his host, who had
+satisfied their thirst, he went slowly to his desired goal. But one
+old �abara from that barbarous troop had got no deer's flesh, and,
+with a demoniac [136] expression coming into his face in his desire
+for meat, he lingered a short time by that tree. (68) As soon as the
+�abara leader had vanished, that old �abara, with eyes pink as drops
+of blood and terrible with their overhanging tawny brows, drank in, as
+it were, our lives; he seemed to reckon up the number in the parrots'
+nests like a falcon eager to taste bird's flesh, and looked up the
+tree from its foot, wishing to climb it. The parrots seemed to have
+drawn their last breath at that very moment in their terror at the
+sight of him. For what is hard for the pitiless? So he climbed the
+tree easily and without effort, as if by ladders, though it was as
+high as many palms, and the tops of its boughs swept the clouds,
+and plucked the young parrots from among its boughs one by one,
+as if they were its fruit, for some were not yet strong for flight;
+some were only a few days old, and were pink with the down of their
+birth, so that they might almost be taken for cotton-flowers; [137]
+some, with their wings just sprouting, were like fresh lotus-leaves;
+some were like the Asclepias fruit; some, with their beaks growing
+red, had the grace of lotus-buds with their heads rising pink from
+slowly unfolding leaves; while some, under the guise of the ceaseless
+motion of their heads, seemed to try to forbid him, though they could
+not stop him, for he slew them and cast them on the ground.
+
+(69) 'But my father, seeing on a sudden this great, destructive,
+remediless, overwhelming calamity that had come on us, trembled doubly,
+and, with pupils quivering and wandering from fear of death, cast
+all round a glance that grief had made vacant and tears had dimmed;
+his palate was dry, and he could not help himself, but he covered me
+with his wing, though its joints were relaxed by fear, and bethought
+himself of what help could avail at such a moment. Swayed wholly by
+love, bewildered how to save me, and puzzled what to do, he stood,
+holding me to his breast. That miscreant, however, wandering among
+the boughs, came to the entrance of the hollow, and stretched out
+his left arm, dreadful as the body of an old black snake, with its
+hand redolent of the raw fat of many boars, and its forearm marked
+with weals from ceaseless drawing of the bowstrings, like the wand of
+death; and though my father gave many a blow with his beak, and moaned
+piteously, that murderous wretch dragged him down and slew him. (70)
+Me, however, he somehow did not notice, though I was within the wings,
+from my being small and curled into a ball from fear, and from my
+not having lived my fated life, but he wrung my father's neck and
+threw him dead upon the ground. Meanwhile I, with my neck between my
+father's feet, clinging quietly to his breast, fell with him, and,
+from my having some fated life yet to live, I found that I had fallen
+on a large mass of dry leaves, heaped together by the wind, so that
+my limbs were not broken. While the �abara was getting down from the
+tree-top, I left my father, like a heartless wretch, though I should
+have died with him; but, from my extreme youth, I knew not the love
+that belongs to a later age, and was wholly swayed by the fear that
+dwells in us from birth; I could hardly be seen from the likeness of
+my colour to the fallen leaves; I tottered along with the help of my
+wings, which were just beginning to grow, thinking that I had escaped
+from the jaws of death, and came to the foot of a very large tamala
+tree close by. Its shoots were fitted to be the earrings of �abara
+women, as if it mocked the beauty of Vishnu's body by the colour of
+Balarama's dark-blue robe, (71) or as if it were clad in pure strips
+of the water of Yamuna; its twigs were watered by the ichor of wild
+elephants; it bore the beauty of the tresses of the Vindhya Forest;
+the space between its boughs was dark even by day; [138] the ground
+round its root was hollow, and unpierced by the sun's rays; and I
+entered it as if it were the bosom of my noble father. Then the �abara
+came down and gathered up the tiny parrots scattered on the ground;
+he bound them hastily in a basket of leaves with a coil of creepers,
+and going off with hasty steps by the path trodden by his leader,
+he made for that region. I meanwhile had begun to hope for life,
+but my heart was dried up with grief for my father's recent death; my
+body was in pain from my long fall, and I was possessed by a violent
+thirst, caused by fright, which tortured all my limbs. Then I thought,
+"The villain has now gone some way," so I lifted my head a little and
+gazed around with eyes tremulous with fear, thinking even when a blade
+of grass moved that the wretch was coming back. I watched him go step
+by step, and then, leaving the root of the tamala tree, I made a great
+effort to creep near the water. (72) My steps were feeble, because
+my wings were not yet grown, and again and again I fell on my face;
+I supported myself on one wing; I was weak with the weariness [139]
+of creeping along the ground, and from my want of practice; after
+each step I always lifted my head and panted hard, and as I crept
+along I became gray with dust. "Truly even in the hardest trials,"
+I reflected, "living creatures never become careless of life. Nothing
+in this world is dearer to all created beings than life, seeing that
+when my honoured father, of well-chosen name, is dead, I still live
+with senses unimpaired! Shame on me that I should be so pitiless,
+cruel, and ungrateful! For my life goes on shamefully in that the
+grief of my father's death is so easily borne. I regard no kindness;
+truly my heart is vile! I have even forgotten how, when my mother died,
+my father restrained his bitter grief, and from the day of my birth,
+old as he was, reckoned lightly in his deep love the great toil of
+bringing me up with every care. And yet in a moment I have forgotten
+how I was watched over by him! (73) Most vile is this breath of mine
+which goes not straightway forth to follow my father on his path,
+my father, that was so good to me! Surely there is none that thirst
+of life does not harden, if the longing for water can make me take
+trouble in my present plight. Methinks this idea of drinking water
+is purely hardness of heart, because I think lightly of the grief
+of my father's death. Even now the lake is still far off. For the
+cry of the kalahamsas, like the anklets of a water-nymph, is still
+far away; the cranes' notes are yet dim; the scent of the lotus-bed
+comes rarely through the space it creeps through, because the distance
+is great; noontide is hard to bear, for the sun is in the midst of
+heaven, and scatters with his rays a blazing heat, unceasing, like
+fiery dust, and makes my thirst worse; the earth with its hot thick
+dust is hard to tread; my limbs are unable to go even a little way,
+for they are weary with excessive thirst; I am not master of myself;
+(74) my heart sinks; my eyes are darkened. O that pitiless fate would
+now bring that death which yet I desire not!" Thus I thought; but
+a great ascetic named Jabali dwelt in a hermitage not far from the
+lake, and his son Harita, a youthful hermit, was coming down to the
+lotus-lake to bathe. He, like the son of Brahma, had a mind purified
+with all knowledge; he was coming by the very path where I was with
+many holy youths of his own age; like a second sun, his form was hard
+to see from its great brightness; he seemed to have dropped [140]
+from the rising sun, and to have limbs fashioned from lightning and
+a shape painted with molten gold; he showed the beauty of a wood on
+fire, or of day with its early sunlight, by reason of the clear tawny
+splendour of his form flashing out; he had thick matted locks hanging
+on his shoulders red as heated iron, and pure with sprinkling from
+many a sacred pool; his top-knot was bound as if he were Agni in the
+false guise of a young Brahman in his desire to burn the Khandava Wood;
+[141] he carried a bright crystal rosary hanging from his right ear,
+like the anklets of the goddesses of the hermitage, and resembling the
+circle of Dharma's commandments, made to turn aside all earthly joys;
+(75) he adorned his brow with a tripundraka [142] mark in ashes, as if
+with threefold truth; [143] he laid his left hand on a crystal pitcher
+with its neck held ever upwards as if to look at the path to heaven,
+like a crane gazing upwards to the sky; he was covered by a black
+antelope skin hanging from his shoulders, like thick smoke that was
+coming out again after being swallowed [144] in thirst for penance,
+with pale-blue [145] lustre; he wore on his left shoulder a sacrificial
+thread, which seemed from its lightness to be fashioned from very young
+lotus-fibres, and wavered in the wind as if counting the framework of
+his fleshless ribs; he held in his right hand an ashadha [146] staff,
+having on its top a leafy basket full of creeper-blossoms gathered
+for the worship of �iva; he was followed by a deer from the hermitage,
+still bearing the clay of the bathing-place dug up by its horns, quite
+at home with the hermits, fed on mouthfuls of rice, and letting its
+eyes wander on all sides to the ku�a grass flowers and creepers. Like
+a tree, he was covered with soft bark; [147] like a mountain, he was
+surrounded by a girdle; [148] like Rahu, he had often tasted Soma;
+[149] like a day lotus-bed, he drank the sun's rays; (76) like a
+tree by the river's side, his tangled locks were pure with ceaseless
+washing; like a young elephant, his teeth were white as [150] pieces
+of moon-lotus petals; like Drauni, he had Kripa [151] ever with him;
+like the zodiac, he was adorned by having the hide [152] of the
+dappled deer; like a summer day, he was free from darkness; [153]
+like the rainy season, he had allayed the blinding dust of passion;
+[154] like Varuna, he dwelt on the waters; [155] like Krishna, he had
+banished the fear of hell; [156] like the beginning of twilight,
+he had eyes tawny as the glow of dawn; [157] like early morn,
+he was gilded with fresh sunlight; like the chariot of the sun,
+he was controlled in his course; [158] like a good king, he brought
+to nought the secret guiles of the foe; [159] (77) like the ocean,
+his temples were cavernous with meditation; [160] like Bhagiratha,
+he had often beheld the descent of Ganges; [161] like a bee, he had
+often tasted life in a water-engirt wood; [162] though a woodsman,
+he yet entered a great home; [163] though unrestrained, he longed
+for release; [164] though intent on works of peace, he bore the
+rod; [165] though asleep, he was yet awake; [166] though with two
+well-placed eyes, he had his sinister eye abolished. [167] Such was
+he who approached the lotus-lake to bathe.
+
+'Now the mind of the good is ever wont to be compassionate and kind
+instinctively. Wherefore he, seeing my plight, was filled with pity,
+and said to another young ascetic standing near: (78) "This little
+half-fledged parrot has somehow fallen from the top of that tree,
+or perhaps from a hawk's mouth. For, owing to his long fall, he has
+hardly any life left; his eyes are closed, and he ever falls on his
+face and pants violently, and opens his beak, nor can he hold up his
+neck. Come, then, take him before his breath deserts him. Carry him
+to the water." So saying, he had me taken to the edge of the lake;
+and, coming there, he laid down his staff and pitcher near the water,
+and, taking me himself, just when I had given up all effort, he lifted
+up my head, and with his finger made me drink a few drops of water;
+and when I had been sprinkled with water and had gained fresh breath,
+he placed me in the cool wet shade of a fresh lotus-leaf growing on
+the bank, and went through the wonted rites of bathing. After that,
+he purified himself by often holding his breath, and murmuring the
+cleansing aghamarshana [168], and then he arose and, with upraised
+face, made an offering to the sun with freshly-plucked red lotuses
+in a cup of lotus-leaves. Having taken a pure white robe, so that
+he was like the glow of evening sunlight accompanied by the moon's
+radiance, he rubbed his hair with his hands till it shone, and, (79)
+followed by the band of ascetic youths, with their hair yet wet from
+recent bathing, he took me and went slowly towards the penance grove.
+
+'And after going but a short way, I beheld the penance grove, hidden
+in thick woods rich in flowers and fruit.
+
+(80) 'Its precincts were filled by munis entering on all sides,
+followed by pupils murmuring the Vedas, and bearing fuel, ku�a grass,
+flowers, and earth. There the sound of the filling of the pitchers
+was eagerly heard by the peacocks; there appeared, as it were,
+a bridge to heaven under the guise of smoke waving to exalt to the
+gods the muni race while yet in the body by fires satisfied with the
+ceaseless offering of ghee; all round were tanks with their waves
+traversed by lines of sunbeams stainless as though from contact with
+the hermits they rested upon, plunged into by the circle of the Seven
+Rishis who had come to see their penance, and lifting by night an open
+moon-lotus-bed, like a cluster of constellations descending to honour
+the rishis; the hermitage received homage from woodland creepers with
+their tops bent by the wind, and from trees with their ever-falling
+blossoms, and was worshipped by trees with the a�jali of interlaced
+boughs; parched grain was scattered in the yards round the huts,
+and the fruit of the myrobalan, lavali, jujube, banana, bread-tree,
+mango, panasa, [169] and palm pressed on each other; (81) the young
+Brahmans were eloquent in reciting the Vedas; the parrot-race was
+garrulous with the prayer of oblation that they learnt by hearing it
+incessantly; the subrahmanya [170] was recited by many a maina; the
+balls of rice offered to the deities were devoured by the cocks of the
+forest, and the offering of wild rice was eaten by the young kalahamsas
+of the tanks close by. The eating-places of the sages were protected
+from pollution by ashes cast round them. (82) The fire for the munis'
+homa sacrifice was fanned by the tails of their friends the peacocks;
+the sweet scent of the oblation prepared with nectar, the fragrance of
+the half-cooked sacrificial cake was spread around; the crackling of
+flames in the offering of a stream of unbroken libations made the place
+resonant; a host of guests was waited upon; the Pitris were honoured;
+Vishnu, �iva, and Brahma were worshipped. The performance of �raddha
+rites was taught; the science of sacrifice explained; the �astras
+of right conduct examined; good books of every kind recited; and the
+meaning of the �astras pondered. Leafy huts were being begun; courts
+smeared with paste, and the inside of the huts scrubbed. Meditation
+was being firmly grasped, mantras duly carried out, yoga practised,
+and offerings made to woodland deities. Brahmanical girdles of
+mu�ja grass were being made, bark garments washed, fuel brought,
+deer-skins decked, grass gathered, lotus-seed dried, rosaries strung,
+and bamboos laid in order for future need. [171] Wandering ascetics
+received hospitality, and pitchers were filled.
+
+(84) 'There defilement is found in the smoke of the oblations, not in
+evil conduct; redness of face in parrots, not in angry men; sharpness
+in blades of grass, not in dispositions; wavering in plantain-leaves,
+not in minds; red eyes [172] in cuckoos alone; clasping of necks
+with pitchers only; binding of girdles in vows, not in quarrels;
+pakshapata [173] in cocks, not in scientific discussions; wandering
+in making the sunwise turn round the soma fire, but not error in the
+�astras; mention of the Vasus in legends, but not longing for wealth;
+counting of beads for Rudra, but no account made of the body; loss of
+locks by the saints in the practice of sacrifice, but not loss of their
+children [174] by death; propitiation of Rama by reciting the Ramayana,
+not of women [175] by youth; wrinkles brought on by old age, not by
+pride of riches; the death of a �akuni [176] in the Mahabharata only;
+only in the Purana windy talk; [177] in old age only loss of teeth;
+[178] coldness only in the park sandal-trees; [179] (85) in fires only
+turning to ashes; [180] only deer love to hear song; only peacocks care
+for dancing; only snakes wear hoods; [181] only monkeys desire fruit;
+[182] only roots have a downward tendency.
+
+(85-89, condensed) 'There, beneath the shade of a red a�oka-tree,
+beauteous with new oblations of flowers, purified with ointment of
+fresh gomaya, garlanded with ku�a grass and strips of bark tied on
+by the hermitage maidens, I saw the holy Jabali surrounded by most
+ascetic sages, like time by �ons, the last day by suns, the sacrifice
+by bearers of the three fires, [183] the golden mountain by the noble
+hills, or the earth by the oceans.
+
+(89) 'And as I looked on him I thought: "Ah! how great is the power of
+penance! His form, calm as it is, yet pure as molten gold, overpowers,
+like lightning, the brightness of the eye with its brilliance. Though
+ever tranquil, it inspires fear at first approach by its inherent
+majesty. The splendour of even those ascetics who have practised but
+little asceticism is wont to be easily provoked, like fire swiftly
+falling on dry reeds, ka�a grass, or flowers. (90) How much more, then,
+that of holy men like these, whose feet are honoured by the whole
+world, whose stains are worn away by penance, who look with divine
+insight on the whole earth as if it were a myrobalan [184] in the hand,
+and who purge away all sin. For even the mention of a great sage has
+its reward; much more, then, the sight of him! Happy is the hermitage
+where dwells this king of Brahmans! Nay, rather, happy is the whole
+world in being trodden by him who is the very Brahma of earth! Truly
+these sages enjoy the reward of their good deeds in that they attend
+him day and night with no other duty, hearing holy stories and ever
+fixing on him their steady gaze, as if he were another Brahma. Happy
+is Sarasvati, who, encircled by his shining teeth, and ever enjoying
+the nearness of his lotus-mouth, dwells in his serene mind, with
+its unfathomable depths and its full stream of tenderness, like a
+hamsa on the Manasa lake. The four Vedas, that have long dwelt in the
+four lotus-mouths of Brahma, find here their best and most fitting
+home. (91) All the sciences, which became turbid in the rainy season
+of the Iron Age, become pure when they reach him, as rivers coming
+to autumn. Of a surety, holy Dharma, having taken up his abode here
+after quelling the riot of the Iron Age, no longer cares to recall
+the Golden Age. Heaven, seeing earth trodden by him, no longer takes
+pride in being dwelt in by the Seven Rishis. How bold is old age,
+which fears not to fall on his thick matted locks, moonbeam-pale as
+they are, and hard to gaze on as the rays of the sun of doom. [185]
+For it falls on him as Ganges, white with flecks of foam, on �iva,
+or as an offering of milk on Agni. Even the sun's rays keep far from
+the penance-grove, as if terrified by the greatness of the saint whose
+hermitage is darkened by the thick smoke of many an oblation. These
+fires, too, for love of him, receive oblations purified by hymns, for
+their flames are pressed together by the wind, like hands reverently
+raised. (92) The wind itself approaches him timidly, just stirring the
+linen and bark dresses, fragrant with the sweet creeper blossoms of the
+hermitage, and gentle in motion. Yet the glorious might of the elements
+is wont to be beyond our resistance! But this man towers above [186]
+the mightiest! The earth shines as if with two suns, being trodden by
+this noble man. In his support the world stands firm. He is the stream
+of sympathy, the bridge over the ocean of transient existence, and the
+home of the waters of patience; the axe for the glades of the creepers
+of desire, the ocean of the nectar of content, the guide in the path
+of perfection, the mountain behind which sets the planet of ill, [187]
+the root of the tree of endurance, the nave of the wheel of wisdom,
+the staff of the banner of righteousness, the holy place for the
+descent of all knowledge, the submarine fire of the ocean of craving,
+the touch-stone of the jewels of the �astras, the consuming flame of
+the buds of passion, the charm against the snake of wrath, the sun
+to dispel the darkness of delusion, the binder of the bolts of hell's
+gates, the native home of noble deeds, the temple of propitious rites,
+the forbidden ground for the degradation of passion, the sign-post
+to the paths of good, the birthplace of holiness, the felly of the
+wheel of effort, the abode of strength, the foe of the Iron Age, the
+treasury of penance, the friend of truth, the native soil of sincerity,
+the source of the heaping up of merit, the closed gate for envy, the
+foe of calamity. (93) Truly he is one in whom disrespect can find no
+place; for he is averse from pride, unclaimed by meanness, unenslaved
+by wrath, and unattracted by pleasure. Purely by the grace of this
+holy man the hermitage is free from envy and calm from enmity. Great
+is the power of a noble soul. Here, ceasing their constant feud, the
+very animals are quiet, and learn the joy of a hermitage life. For
+here a snake, wearied by the sun, fearlessly enters, as if into
+fresh grass, into the peacock's tail, like an interwoven grove
+of open lotuses, with its hundred beauteous eyes, changing in hue
+as the eyes of a deer. Here a young antelope, leaving his mother,
+makes friends with the lion-cubs whose manes are not yet grown, and
+drinks at the bounteous breast of the lioness. Here a lion closes his
+eyes, and is pleased to have his moon-white mane pulled by the young
+elephants that mistake it for lotus-fibres. Here the monkey-tribe loses
+its capriciousness and brings fruit to the young munis after their
+bath. There the elephants, too, though excited, are tender-hearted,
+and do not drive away by their flapping the bees that dwell round their
+frontal bones, and stay motionless to drink their ichor. (94) But what
+need of more? There even the senseless trees, with roots and fruits,
+clad in bark, and adorned with outer garments of black antelope skin
+perpetually made for them by the upward creeping lines of sacrificial
+smoke, seem like fellow ascetics of this holy man. How much more,
+then, living beings, endowed with sense!"
+
+'And while I was thus thinking, Harita placed me somewhere in the shade
+of the a�oka tree, and embracing his father's feet and saluting him,
+sat down not far from him on a seat of ku�a grass.
+
+'But the hermits, looking on me, asked him as he rested: "Whence was
+this little parrot brought?" "When I went hence to bathe," replied he,
+"I found this little parrot fallen from its nest in a tree on the
+bank of the lotus-lake, faint with the heat, lying in hot dust, and
+shaken by the fall, with little life left in him. And as I could not
+replace him in his nest (for that tree was too hard for an ascetic
+to climb), I brought him hither in pity. So, while his wings are not
+grown, and he cannot fly into the sky, let him live in the hollow of
+some hermitage tree, (95) fed on the juice of fruits and on handfuls
+of rice brought to him by us and by the young hermits. For it is the
+law of our order to protect the weak. But when his wings are grown,
+and he can fly into the sky, he shall go where he likes. Or perhaps,
+when he knows us well, he will stay here." The holy Jabali, hearing
+this and other remarks about me, with some curiosity bent his head
+slightly, and, with a very calm glance that seemed to purify me with
+holy waters, he gazed long upon me, and then, looking again and again
+as if he were beginning to recognise me, said: "He is reaping the fruit
+of his own ill-conduct." For by the potency of penance the saint with
+divine insight beholds the past, present, and future, and sees the
+whole world as though placed on the palm of his hand. He knows past
+births. He tells things yet to come. He declares the length of days
+of beings within his sight.
+
+'At these words the whole assemblage of hermits, aware of his power,
+became curious to know what was my crime, and why committed, and where,
+and who I was in a former birth; and implored the saint, saying: (96)
+"Vouchsafe, sir, to tell us of what kind of misconduct he is reaping
+the fruits. Who was he in a former birth, and how was he born in
+the form of a bird? How is he named? Do thou satisfy our curiosity,
+for thou art the fountain-head of all marvels."
+
+'Thus urged by the assemblage, the great saint replied: "The story of
+this wonder is very long, the day is almost spent, our bathing-time
+is near, while the hour for worshipping the gods is passing. Arise,
+therefore; let each perform his duties as is meet. In the afternoon,
+after your meal of roots and fruits, when you are resting quietly,
+I will tell you the whole story from beginning to end--who he is, what
+he did in another birth, and how he was born in this world. Meanwhile,
+let him be refreshed with food. He will certainly recall, as it
+were, the vision of a dream when I tell the whole story of his former
+birth." So saying, he arose, and with the hermits bathed and performed
+their other daily duties.
+
+(97) 'The day was now drawing to a close. When the hermits rose
+from their bathing, and were offering a sacrifice, the sun in the
+sky seemed to bear upwards before our eyes the offering cast on the
+ground, with its unguent of red sandal-wood. Then his glow faded and
+vanished; the effluence of his glory was drunk by the Ushmapas [188]
+with faces raised and eyes fixed on his orb, as if they were ascetics;
+and he glided from the sky pink as a dove's foot, drawing in his rays
+as though to avoid touching the Seven Rishis as they rose. His orb,
+with its network of crimson rays reflected on the Western Ocean,
+was like the lotus of Vishnu on his couch of waters pouring forth
+nectar; his beams, forsaking the sky and deserting the lotus-groves,
+lingered at eve like birds on the crest of hill and tree; the splashes
+of crimson light seemed for a moment to deck the trees with the red
+bark garments hung up by the ascetics. And when the thousand-rayed sun
+had gone to rest, twilight sprang up like rosy coral from the Western
+Ocean. (98) Then the hermitage became the home of quiet thought, as
+the pleasant sound of milking the sacred cows arose in one quarter,
+and the fresh ku�a grass was scattered on the altar of Agni, and the
+rice and oblations to the goddesses of space were tossed hither and
+thither by the hermitage maidens. And red-starred eve seemed to the
+hermits as the red-eyed cow of the hermitage roaming about, tawny
+in the fall of day. And when the sun had vanished, the lotus-bed,
+in the grief of bereavement, seemed to perform a vow in the hopes of
+rejoining the lord of day, for she lifted the goblets of her buds,
+and wore the fine white vesture of her hamsas, and was girt with the
+sacrificial thread of white filaments, and bore a circle of bees as
+her rosary. And the starry host leapt up and filled the sky, like a
+splash of spray when the sun fell into the Western Ocean; and for a
+brief space the star-bespangled sky shone as though inlaid with flowers
+offered by the daughters of the Siddhas [189] in honour of twilight;
+but in a moment the whole glory of the gloaming vanished as though
+washed away by the libations which the hermits, with faces upraised,
+cast towards the sky; (99) and at its departure, night, as sorrowing
+for its loss, wore a deeper darkness, like a black antelope's skin--a
+blackness which darkened all save the hearts of the hermits.
+
+'Learning that the sun had gone to rest, the lord of rays ambrosial, in
+pure severity of light, arrayed in the whiteness of clear gossamer,
+dwelling in the palace of his wives with Tara, [190] mounted the
+sky which, in that it was outlined with the darkness of tamala-trees,
+presided over by the circle of Seven Rishis, purified by the wanderings
+of Arundhati, [191] surrounded by Ashadha, [192] showing its Mula
+[193] with its soft-eyed white deer, [194] was a very hermitage of
+heaven. White as a hamsa, moonlight fell on the earth, filling the
+seas; falling, as Ganges from the head of �iva, from the sky which
+was decked with the moon, and inlaid with the shattered potsherds
+of the stars. (100) And in the moon-lake, white as an opening lotus,
+was seen the motionless deer, which went down in eagerness to drink
+the water of the moonbeams, and was caught, as it were, in the mud
+of ambrosia. The lakes of the night-lotus were fondly visited by
+the moonbeams, like hamsas, falling on the ocean white as sinduvara
+flowers in their fresh purity after the rains. At that moment the
+globe of the moon lost all the glow of its rising, like the frontal
+bone of the elephant Airavata when its red lead is washed away by
+plunging into the heavenly stream; and his highness the cold-shedder
+had gradually risen high in the sky, and by his light had whitened
+the earth as with lime-dust; the breezes of early night were blowing,
+slackened in their course by the cold dew, aromatic with the scent
+of opening moon-lotuses, (101) and gladly welcomed by the deer, who,
+with eyes weighed down by the approach of sleep, and eyelashes clinging
+together, were beginning to ruminate and rest in quiet.
+
+'Only half a watch of the night was spent, when Harita took me after
+my meal and went with the other holy hermits to his father, who,
+in a moonlit spot of the hermitage, was sitting on a bamboo stool,
+gently fanned by a pupil named Jalapada, who held a fan of antelope
+skin white as dharba grass, and he spake, saying: "Father, the whole
+assemblage of hermits is in a circle round thee, with hearts eager
+to hear this wonder; the little bird, too, has rested. Tell us,
+therefore, what he has done, who was he, and who will he be in
+another birth?" Thus addressed, the great saint, looking at me,
+and seeing the hermits before him intently listening, slowly spake:
+"Let the tale be told, if ye care to hear it.
+
+'"(102) There is a city named Ujjayini, the proudest gem of earth,
+the very home of the golden age, created by Mahakala, [195] creator,
+preserver, and destroyer of the three worlds, and lord of Pramathas,
+as a habitation meet for himself, as it were a second earth. There
+the sun is daily seen paying homage to Mahakala, for his steeds vail
+their heads at the charm of the sweet chant of the women singing in
+concert in the lofty white palace, and his pennon droops before him.
+
+(109) '"There darkness never falls, and the nights bring no separation
+to the pairs of cakravakas; nor need they any lamps, for they pass
+golden as with morning sunshine, from the bright jewels of women,
+as though the world were on fire with the flame of love. (110) There
+the only unending life is in jewelled lamps, the only wavering in
+pearl necklaces, the only variations in the sound of drum and song,
+the only disunion of pairs in cakravakas, the only testing of colour
+[196] in gold pieces, the only unsteadiness in banners, the only
+hatred of the sun [197] in night-lotuses, the only concealment of
+metal in the sheathing of the sword. (111) Why should I say more? For
+he whose bright feet are kissed by the rays of the jewelled crests
+of gods and demons, who hath the river of heaven wandering lost in
+his locks tawny with a wreath of flame for the burning of the world;
+he the foe of Andhaka; he the holy one; he who hath given up his
+love for his home on Kailasa; even he whose name is Mahakala hath
+there made a habitation for himself. And in this city was a king
+named Tarapida. He was like unto the great kings Nala, Nahusha,
+Yayati, Dundhumara, Bharata, Bhagiratha, and Da�aratha; by the might
+of his arm he conquered the whole world; he reaped the fruits of the
+three powers; [198] wise and resolute, with an intellect unwearied in
+political science, and a deep study of the law books, he made in light
+and glory a third with the sun and moon. (112) His form was purified
+by many a sacrifice; by him the calamities of the whole world were
+set at rest; to him Lakshmi openly clung, deserting her lotus-woods
+and despising the happiness of her home in the breast of Narayana,
+she the lotus-handed, who ever joys in the contest of heroes. He was
+the source of truth, ever honoured by the race of saints, as the foot
+of Vishnu was of the stream of the heavenly Ganges.
+
+'"From him arose glory, as from the ocean of the moon, for his
+brightness, free from heat, consumed his foes; constant, ever roamed;
+stainless, darkened the brightness of the lotus-faced widows of his
+foes; white, made all things gay. (113) He was the incarnation of
+justice, the very representative of Vishnu and the destroyer of all
+the sorrows of his people.
+
+(115) '"When he approached the throne that blossomed with the rays of
+many gems and was hung with clusters of pearls, like the elephant of
+space approaching the tree of desire, all the wide quarters of space,
+like creepers weighed down by bees, bowed down before his majesty;
+and of him, I think, even Indra was envious. From him, too, proceeded a
+host of virtues, like a flock of hamsas from Mount Krau�ca, brightening
+the earth's surface, and gladdening the hearts of all mankind. His
+fame wandered, so that the world echoed with it throughout the ten
+regions, making fair the world of gods and demons, like a streak of
+foam of the stream of milk tossed by Mandara, ambrosial sweet. His
+royal glory never for a moment laid aside the shade of her umbrella,
+as though scorched by the heat of a splendour hard to bear. (116)
+His achievements were heard by the people like news of good fortune,
+were received like the teaching of a guru, were valued like a good
+omen, were murmured like a hymn, and were remembered like a sacred
+text. And while he was king, though the flight of the mountains was
+stayed, the flight of thought was free; suffixes alone were dependent,
+and the people feared no foe; nought dared to face him but his mirror;
+the pressure of Durga [199] was given to �iva's image alone; the bow
+was only borne by the clouds; there was no uprising save of banners, no
+bending save of bows, no shaft sped home save the bee's on the bamboo,
+no enforced wandering save of the images of gods in a procession,
+no imprisonment save of flowers in their calyx, no restraint save of
+the senses; wild elephants entered the pale, but none paled before
+the water-ordeal; the only sharpness was in the edge of the sword;
+the only endurance of the flame [200] was by ascetics; the only passing
+the Balance [201] was by the stars; the only clearing of baneful [202]
+waters was in the rising of Agastya; the only cutting short was of
+hair and nails; the only stained garb was of the sky on stormy days;
+the only laying bare was of gems, and not of secret counsels; the only
+mysteries [203] were those of religion; (117) none ceased to behold
+the light save slaughtered Taraka [204] in the praises of Kumara; none
+dreaded eclipse save the sun; none passed over the First-born [205]
+save the moon; none heard of the Disobedient save in the Mahabharata;
+none grasped the rod [206] save in the decline of life; none clung
+to a sinister object save the sword-sheath; no stream of liberality
+was interrupted save the elephant's ichor; no squares were deserted
+save those on the dice-board.
+
+'"That king had a minister, by name �ukanasa, a Brahman, whose
+intelligence was fixed on all the affairs of the kingdom, whose
+mind had plunged deeply into the arts and �astras, and whose strong
+affection for the king had grown up in him from childhood. Skilled in
+the precepts of political science, pilot of the world's government,
+unshaken in resolve by the greatest difficulties, he was the castle of
+constancy, the station of steadfastness, the bridge of bright truth,
+the guide to all goodness, the conductor in conduct, the ordainer
+of all ordered life. Like the serpent �esha, enduring the weight of
+the world; like the ocean, full of life; like Jarasandha, shaping
+war and peace; [207] (118) like �iva, at home with Durga [208];
+like Yuddhishthira, a dayspring of Dharma, he knew all the Vedas
+and Vedangas, and was the essence of the kingdom's prosperity. He
+was like Brihaspati [209] to Sunasira; like �ukra to Vrishaparvan;
+like Va�ishtha to Da�aratha; like Vi�vamitra to Rama; like Dhaumya to
+Ajata�atru; like Damanaka to Nala. He, by the force of his knowledge,
+thought that Lakshmi was not hard to win, resting though she were on
+the breast of Narayana, terrible with the scars of the weapons of the
+demons of hell, and a strong shoulder hardened by the pitiless pressure
+of Mount Mandara as it moved to and fro. Near him knowledge spread
+wide, thick with many a tendril, and showed the fruits gained from
+conquered realms like a creeper near a tree. (119) To him throughout
+the earth's surface, measured by the circumference of the four oceans,
+and filled with the goings to and fro of many thousands of spies, every
+whisper of the kings was known as though uttered in his own palace.
+
+'"Now, Tarapida while yet a child had conquered the whole earth ringed
+by the seven Dvipas by the might of his arm, thick as the trunk of
+Indra's elephant, and he devolved the weight of the empire on that
+councillor named �ukanasa, and having made his subjects perfectly
+contented, he searched for anything else that remained to be done.
+
+'"And as he had crushed his enemies and had lost all cause for fear,
+and as the strain of the world's affairs had become a little relaxed,
+for the most part he began to pursue the ordinary pleasures of youth.
+
+(124) '"And some time passed while the king pursued the pleasures of
+youth, and entrusted the affairs of state to his minister; and after
+a time he came to the end of all the other pleasures of life, and the
+only one he did not get was the sight of a son born to him; so that
+his zenana was like reeds showing only flowers without fruit; and as
+youth went by there arose in him a regret produced by childlessness,
+and his mind was turned away from the desire of the pleasures of sense,
+and he felt himself alone, though surrounded by a thousand princes;
+blind, though possessed of sight; without support, though supporting
+the world.
+
+(125) '"But the fairest ornament of this king was his queen Vilasavati;
+as the moon's digit to the braided hair of �iva, as the splendour
+of the Kaustubha gem to the breast of the foe [210] of Kaitabha,
+as the woodland garland to Balarama, as the shore to the ocean, as
+the creeper to the tree, as the outburst of flowers to the spring,
+as the moonlight to the moon, as the lotus-bed to the lake, as the
+array of stars to the sky, as the circling of hamsas to Lake Manasa,
+as the line of sandal-woods to Mount Malaya, as the jewelled crest to
+�esha, so was she to her lord; she reigned peerless in the zenana,
+and created wonder in the three worlds, as though she were the very
+source of all womanly grace.
+
+'"And it chanced once that, going to her dwelling, he beheld her
+seated on a stately [211] couch, weeping bitterly, surrounded by
+her household mute in grief, their glances fixed in meditation, and
+attended by her chamberlains, who waited afar with eyes motionless
+in anxious thought, while the old women of the zenana were trying
+to console her. Her silken robes were wet with ceaseless tears; her
+ornaments were laid aside; her lotus-face rested on her left hand; and
+her tresses were unbound and in disorder. As she arose to welcome him,
+the king placed her on the couch again, and sitting there himself,
+ignorant of the cause of her weeping, and in great alarm, wiped away
+with his hand the tears from her cheeks, saying: (126) 'My queen,
+what means this weeping, voiceless and low with the weight of the
+heavy sorrow concealed in thy heart? For these eyelashes of thine are
+stringing, as it were, a network of pearls of dropping tears. Why,
+slender one, art thou unadorned? and why has not the stream of lac
+fallen on thy feet like early sunlight on rosy lotus-buds? And why
+are thy jewelled anklets, with their murmur like teals on the lake
+of love, not graced with the touch of thy lotus-feet? And why is
+this waist of thine bereft of the music of the girdle thou hast laid
+aside? And why is there no device painted on thy breast like the deer
+on the moon? and why is that slender neck of thine, fair-limbed queen,
+not adorned with a rope of pearls as the crescent on �iva's brow by
+the heavenly stream? And why dost thou, erst so gay, wear in vain
+a face whose adornment is washed away with flowing tears? And why
+is this hand, with its petal-like cluster of soft fingers, exalted
+into an ear-jewel, as though it were a rosy lotus? (127) And why,
+froward lady, dost thou raise thy straight brow undecked with the
+mark of yellow pigment, and surrounded by the mass of thine unbound
+tresses? For these flowing locks of thine, bereft of flowers, grieve
+my eyes, like the loss of the moon in the dark fortnight, clouded in
+masses of thickest gloom. Be kind, and tell me, my queen, the cause
+of thy grief. For this storm of sighs with which the robe on thy
+breast is quivering bows my loving heart like a ruddy tendril. Has
+any wrong been done by me, or by any in thy service? Closely as I
+examine myself, I can truly see no failure of mine towards thee. For
+my life and my kingdom are wholly thine. Let the cause of thy woe,
+fair queen, be told.' But Vilasavati, thus addressed, made no reply,
+and turning to her attendants, he asked the cause of her exceeding
+grief. Then her betel-nut bearer, Makarika, who was always near her,
+said to the king: 'My lord, how could any fault, however slight,
+be committed by thee? (128) And how in thy presence could any of thy
+followers, or anyone else, offend? The sorrow of the queen is that her
+union with the king is fruitless, as though she were seized by Rahu,
+and for a long time she has been suffering. For at first our lady
+was like one in heavy grief, was only occupied with difficulty by
+the persuasion of her attendants in the ordinary duties of the day,
+however fitting they might be, such as sleeping, bathing, eating,
+putting on of ornaments, and the like, and, like a Lakshmi of the lower
+world, ceaselessly upbraided divine love. [212] But in her longing
+to take away the grief of my lord's heart, she did not show her sad
+change. Now, however, as it was the fourteenth day of the month,
+she went to worship holy Mahakala, and heard in a recitation of the
+Mahabharata, "No bright abodes await the childless, for a son is he
+who delivers from the sunless shades"; and when she heard this, she
+returned to her palace, and now, though reverently entreated thereto
+by her attendants, she takes no pleasure in food, nor does she busy
+herself in putting on her jewels, nor does she vouchsafe to answer
+us; (129) she only weeps, and her face is clouded with a storm of
+ever-flowing tears. My lord has heard, and must judge.' So saying,
+she ceased; and, with a long and passionate sigh, the king spoke thus:
+
+'"'My queen, what can be done in a matter decreed by fate? Enough of
+this weeping beyond measure! For it is not on us that the gods are
+wont to bestow their favours. In truth, our heart is not destined to
+hold the bliss of that ambrosial draught, the embrace of a child of
+our own. In a former life no glorious deed was done; for a deed done
+in a former life brings forth fruit in man's life on earth; even the
+wisest man cannot change destiny. Let all be done that may be done in
+this mortal life. Do more honour to the gurus; redouble thy worship of
+the gods; let thy good works be seen in thy reverence to the rishis;
+for the rishis are a powerful deity, and if we serve them with all our
+might, they will give boons that fulfil our heart's desire, hard though
+it be to gain. (130) For the tale is an old one how King Brihadratha
+in Magadha won by the power of Candakau�ika a son Jarasandha, victor
+of Vishnu, peerless in prowess, fatal to his foes. Da�aratha, too,
+when very old, received by the favour of Rishya�ringa, son of the great
+saint Vibhandaka, four sons, unconquerable as the arms of Narayana,
+and unshaken as the depths of the oceans. [213] And many other royal
+sages, having conciliated ascetics, have enjoyed the happiness of
+tasting the ambrosia of the sight of a son. For the honour paid to
+saints is never without its reward.
+
+'"'And for me, when shall I behold my queen ready to bear a child,
+pale as the fourteenth night when the rising of the full moon is at
+hand; and when will her attendants, hardly able to bear the joy of
+the great festival of the birth of my son, carry the full basket of
+gifts? When will my queen gladden me wearing yellow robes, and holding
+a son in her arms, like the sky with the newly-risen sun and the early
+sunlight; and when will a son give me joy of heart, with his curly
+hair yellow with many a plant, a few ashes mixed with mustard-seed
+on his palate, which has a drop of ghi on it as a talisman, (131)
+and a thread bright with yellow dye round his neck, as he lies on his
+back and smiles with a little toothless mouth; when will this baby
+destroy all the darkness of sorrow in my eyes like an auspicious lamp
+welcomed by all the people, handed from one to another by the zenana
+attendants, shining tawny with yellow dye; and when will he adorn the
+courtyard, as he toddles round it, followed by my heart and my eyes,
+and gray with the dust of the court; and when will he walk from one
+place to another and the power of motion be formed in his knees,
+so that, like a young lion, he may try to catch the young tame deer
+screened behind the crystal walls? And when, running about at will
+in the courtyard, will he run after the tame geese, accompanied
+by the tinkling of the anklets of the zenana, and weary his nurse,
+who will hasten after him, following the sound of the bells of his
+golden girdle; (132) and when will he imitate the antics of a wild
+elephant, and have his cheeks adorned with a line of ichor painted in
+black aloe, full of joy at the sound of the bell held in his mouth,
+gray with the dust of sandal-wood scattered by his uplifted hand,
+shaking his head at the beckoning of the hooked finger; and when
+will he disguise the faces of the old chamberlains with the juice of
+handfuls of lac left after being used to colour his mother's feet;
+and when, with eyes restless in curiosity, will he bend his glance
+on the inlaid floors, and with tottering steps pursue his own shadow;
+and when will he creep about during the audience in front of me as I
+stand in my audience-hall, with his eyes wandering bewildered by the
+rays of the gems, and have his coming welcomed by the outstretched
+arms of a thousand kings? Thinking on a hundred such desires, I pass
+my nights in suffering. Me, too, the grief arising from our want of
+children burns like a fire day and night. The world seems empty;
+I look on my kingdom as without fruit. But what can I do towards
+Brahma, from whom there is no appeal? Therefore, my queen, cease
+thy continual grief. Let thy heart be devoted to endurance and to
+duty. For increase of blessings is ever nigh at hand for those who
+set their thoughts on duty.' (133) Thus saying, with a hand like
+a fresh tendril, he took water and wiped her tear-stained face,
+which showed as an opening lotus; and having comforted her again and
+again with many a speech sweet with a hundred endearments, skilled to
+drive away grief, and full of instruction about duty, he at last left
+her. And when he was gone, Vilasavati's sorrow was a little soothed,
+and she went about her usual daily duties, such as putting on of her
+adornments. And from that time forth she was more and more devoted to
+propitiating the gods, honouring Brahmans, and paying reverence to
+all holy persons; whatever recommendation she heard from any source
+she practised in her longing for a child, nor did she count the
+fatigue, however great; she slept within the temples of Durga, dark
+with smoke of bdellium ceaselessly burnt, on a bed of clubs covered
+with green grass, fasting, her pure form clothed in white raiment;
+(134) she bathed under cows endued with auspicious marks, adorned for
+the occasion by the wives of the old cowherds in the herd-stations,
+with golden pitchers laden with all sorts of jewels, decorated with
+branches of the pipal, decked with divers fruits and flowers and
+filled with holy water; every day she would rise and give to Brahmans
+golden mustard-leaves adorned with every gem; she stood in the midst
+of a circle drawn by the king himself, in a place where four roads
+meet, on the fourteenth night of the dark fortnight, and performed
+auspicious rites of bathing, in which the gods of the quarters were
+gladdened by the various oblations offered; she honoured the shrines
+of the siddhas and sought the houses of neighbouring Matrikas, [214]
+in which faith was displayed by the people; she bathed in all the
+celebrated snake-ponds; with a sun-wise turn, she worshipped the pipal
+and other trees to which honour was wont to be shown; after bathing,
+with hands circled by swaying bracelets, she herself gave to the
+birds an offering of curds and boiled rice placed in a silver cup;
+she offered daily to the goddess Durga a sacrifice consisting of
+parched grain of oblation, boiled rice, sesamum sweetmeats, cakes,
+unguents, incense, and flowers, in abundance; (135) she besought,
+with a mind prostrate in adoration, the naked wandering ascetics,
+bearing the name of siddhas, and carrying their begging-bowls filled
+by her; she greatly honoured the directions of fortune-tellers;
+she frequented all the soothsayers learned in signs; she showed all
+respect to those who understood the omens of birds; she accepted all
+the secrets handed down in the tradition of a succession of venerable
+sages; in her longing for the sight of a son, she made the Brahmans
+who came into her presence chant the Veda; she heard sacred stories
+incessantly repeated; she carried about little caskets of mantras
+filled with birch-leaves written over in yellow letters; she tied
+strings of medicinal plants as amulets; even her attendants went
+out to hear passing sounds and grasped the omens arising from them;
+she daily threw out lumps of flesh in the evening for the jackals;
+she told the pandits the wonders of her dreams, and at the cross-roads
+she offered oblation to �iva.
+
+'"And as time went on, it chanced once that near the end of night,
+when the sky was gray as an old pigeon's wing, and but few stars
+were left, the king saw in a dream the full moon entering the mouth
+of Vilasavati, as she rested on the roof of her white palace, like a
+ball of lotus-fibres into the mouth of an elephant. (136) Thereupon
+he woke, and arising, shedding brightness through his dwelling by
+the joyous dilation of his eyes, he straightway called �ukanasa
+and told him the dream; whereto the latter, filled with sudden joy,
+replied: 'Sire, our wishes and those of thy subjects are at length
+fulfilled. After a few days my lord will doubtless experience the
+happiness of beholding the lotus-face of a son; for I, too, this night
+in a dream saw a white-robed Brahman, of godlike bearing and calm
+aspect, place in Manorama's [215] lap a lotus that rained drops of
+honey, with a hundred outspread white petals, like the moon's digits,
+and a thousand quivering stamens forming its matted locks. Now,
+all auspicious omens which come to us foretell the near approach of
+joy; and what other cause of joy can there be than this? for dreams
+seen at the close of night are wont to bear fruit in truth. (137)
+Certainly ere long the queen shall bear a son that, like Mandhatri,
+shall be a leader among all royal sages, and a cause of joy to all the
+world; and he shall gladden thy heart, O king, as the lotus-pool in
+autumn with its burst of fresh lotuses gladdens the royal elephant;
+by him thy kingly line shall become strong to bear the weight of
+the world, and shall be unbroken in its succession as the stream of
+a wild elephant's ichor.' As he thus spoke, the king, taking him by
+the hand, entered the inner apartments and gladdened the queen, with
+both their dreams. And after some days, by the grace of the gods,
+the hope of a child came to Vilasavati, like the moon's image on a
+lake, and she became thereby yet more glorious, like the line of the
+Nandana wood with the tree of Paradise, or the breast of Vishnu with
+the Kaustubha gem.
+
+(138) '"On one memorable day the king had gone at evening to an inner
+pavilion, where, encircled by a thousand lamps, burning bright with
+abundance of scented oil, he was like the full moon in the midst of
+stars, or like Narayana seated among the thousand jewelled hoods of
+the king of snakes; he was surrounded only by a few great kings who
+had received the sprinkling of coronation; his own attendants stood
+at some distance; close by �ukanasa was sitting on a high stool, clad
+in white silk, with little adornment, a statesman profound as the
+depths of ocean; and with him the king was holding a conversation on
+many topics, full of the confidence that had grown with their growth,
+when he was approached by the handmaiden Kulavardhana, the queen's
+chief attendant, always skilled in the ways of a court, well trained
+by nearness to royalty, and versed in all auspicious ceremonies,
+who whispered in his ear the news about Vilasavati. (139) At her
+words, so fresh to his ears, the king's limbs were bedewed as if
+with ambrosia, a thrill passed through his whole body, and he was
+bewildered with the draught of joy; his cheeks burst into a smile;
+under the guise of the bright flash of his teeth he scattered abroad
+the happiness that overflowed his heart, and his eye, with its pupil
+quivering, and its lashes wet with tears of gladness, fell on the face
+of �ukanasa. And when �ukanasa saw the king's exceeding joy, such as he
+had never seen before, and beheld the approach of Kulavardhana with a
+radiant smile on her face, though he had not heard the tidings, yet,
+from constantly revolving the matter in his mind, he saw no other
+cause befitting the time of this excess of gladness; (140) he saw
+all, and bringing his seat closer to the king, said in a low voice:
+'My lord, there is some truth in that dream; for Kulavardhana has
+her eyes radiant, and thy twin eyes announce a cause of great joy,
+for they are dilated, their pupils are tremulous, and they are bathed
+in tears of joy, and as they seem to creep to the lobes of thy ears
+in their eagerness to hear the good tidings, they produce, as it were,
+the beauty of an ear-pendant of blue lotuses. My longing heart yearns
+to hear the festival that has sprung up for it. Therefore let my lord
+tell me what is this news.' When he had thus said, the king replied
+with a smile: 'If it is true as she says, then all our dream is true;
+but I cannot believe it. How should so great a happiness fall to
+our lot? For we are no fitting vessel for the bearing of such good
+tidings. Kulavardhana is always truthful, and yet when I consider
+how unworthy I am of such joy, I look upon her as having changed her
+nature. Rise, therefore; I myself will go and ask the queen if it is
+true, and then I shall know.' (141) So saying, he dismissed all the
+kings, and taking off his ornaments, gave them to Kulavardhana, and
+when, on his gracious dismissal of her with gifts, he received her
+homage paid with a deep reverence as she touched the earth with her
+straight brow, he rose with �ukanasa and went to the inner apartments,
+hurried on by a mind filled with exceeding happiness, and gladdened
+by the throbbing of his right eye, which seemed to mimic the play of
+a blue lotus-petal stirred by the wind. He was followed by a scanty
+retinue, as befitted so late a visit, and had the thick darkness of
+the courtyard dispelled by the brightness of the lamps of the women
+who went before him, though their steady flame flickered in the wind."'
+
+
+
+[Bana then describes the birth of Tarapida's son, who is named
+Candrapida, from the king's dream about the moon, and also that of
+�ukanasa's son Vai�ampayana. [216]]
+
+
+
+(155) '"And as Candrapida underwent in due course all the circle of
+ceremonies, beginning with the tying of his top-knot, his childhood
+passed away; and to prevent distraction, Tarapida had built for him
+a palace of learning outside the city, stretching half a league along
+the Sipra river, surrounded by a wall of white bricks like the circle
+of peaks of a snow-mountain, girt with a great moat running along
+the walls, guarded by very strong gates, having one door kept open
+for ingress, with stables for horses and palanquins close by, and
+a gymnasium constructed beneath--a fit palace for the immortals. He
+took infinite pains in gathering there teachers of every science, and
+having placed the boy there, like a young lion in a cage, forbidding
+all egress, surrounding him with a suite composed mainly of the sons
+of his teachers, removing every allurement to the sports of boyhood,
+and keeping his mind free from distraction, on an auspicious day (156)
+he entrusted him, together with Vai�ampayana, to masters, that they
+might acquire all knowledge. Every day when he rose, the king, with
+Vilasavati and a small retinue, went to watch him, and Candrapida,
+undisturbed in mind and kept to his work by the king, quickly grasped
+all the sciences taught him by teachers, whose efforts were quickened
+by his great powers, as they brought to light his natural abilities;
+the whole range of arts assembled in his mind as in a pure jewelled
+mirror. He gained the highest skill in word, sentence, proof, law,
+and royal policy; in gymnastics; in all kinds of weapons, such as
+the bow, quoit, shield, scimitar, dart, mace, battle-axe, and club;
+in driving and elephant-riding; in musical instruments, such as the
+lute, fife, drum, cymbal, and pipe; in the laws of dancing laid down
+by Bharata and others, and the science of music, such as that of
+Narada; in the management of elephants, the knowledge of a horse's
+age, and the marks of men; in painting, leaf-cutting, the use of
+books, and writing; in all the arts of gambling, knowledge of the
+cries of birds, and astronomy; in testing of jewels, (157) carpentry,
+the working of ivory; in architecture, physic, mechanics, antidotes,
+mining, crossing of rivers, leaping and jumping, and sleight of hand;
+in stories, dramas, romances, poems; in the Mahabharata, the Puranas,
+the Itihasas, and the Ramayana; in all kinds of writing, all foreign
+languages, all technicalities, all mechanical arts; in metre, and
+in every other art. And while he ceaselessly studied, even in his
+childhood an inborn vigour like that of Bhima shone forth in him
+and stirred the world to wonder. For when he was but in play the
+young elephants, who had attacked him as if he were a lion's whelp,
+had their limbs bowed down by his grasp on their ears, and could not
+move; with one stroke of his scimitar he cut down palm-trees as if
+they were lotus-stalks; his shafts, like those of Para�urama when
+he blazed to consume the forest of earth's royal stems, cleft only
+the loftiest peaks; he exercised himself with an iron club which
+ten men were needed to lift; and, except in bodily strength, he was
+followed close in all his accomplishments by Vai�ampayana, (158)
+who, by reason of the honour Candrapida felt for his deep learning,
+and of his reverence due to �ukanasa, and because they had played in
+the dust and grown up together, was the prince's chief friend, and,
+as it were, his second heart, and the home of all his confidences. He
+would not be without Vai�ampayana for a moment, while Vai�ampayana
+never for an instant ceased to follow him, any more than the day
+would cease to follow the sun.
+
+'"And while Candrapida was thus pursuing his acquaintance with all
+knowledge, the spring of youth, loved of the three worlds as the amrita
+draught of the ocean, gladdening the hearts of men as moonrise gladdens
+the gloaming; transient in change of iridescent glow, like the full
+arch of Indra's bow to the rainy season; weapon of love, like the
+outburst of flowers to the tree of desire; beautiful in ever freshly
+revealed glow, like sunrise to the lotus-grove; ready for all play
+of graceful motion, like the plumes of the peacock, became manifest
+and brought to flower in him, fair as he was, a double beauty; love,
+lord of the hour, stood ever nigh, as if to do his bidding; his chest
+expanded like his beauty; his limbs won fulness, like the wishes of his
+friends; his waist became slender, like the host of his foes; (159)
+his form broadened, like his liberality; his majesty grew, like his
+hair; his arms hung down more and more, like the plaits of his enemies'
+wives; his eyes became brighter, like his conduct; his shoulders broad,
+like his knowledge; and his heart deep, like his voice.
+
+'"And so in due course the king, learning that Candrapida had grown to
+youth, and had completed his knowledge of all the arts, studied all the
+sciences, and won great praise from his teachers, summoned Balahaka,
+a mighty warrior, and, with a large escort of cavalry and infantry,
+sent him on a very auspicious day to fetch the prince. And Balahaka,
+going to the palace of learning, entered, announced by the porters,
+and bending his head till its crest-jewels rested on the ground,
+sat down, by the prince's permission, on a seat befitting his office,
+as reverently as though in the king's presence; after a short pause
+he approached Candrapida and respectfully gave the king's message:
+'Prince, the king bids me say: "Our desires are fulfilled; the �astras
+have been studied; all the arts have been learnt; thou hast gained
+the highest skill in all the martial sciences. (160) All thy teachers
+give thee permission to leave the house of learning. Let the people
+see that thou hast received thy training, like a young royal elephant
+come out from the enclosure, having in thy mind the whole orb of
+the arts, like the full moon newly risen. Let the eyes of the world,
+long eager to behold thee, fulfil their true function; for all the
+zenanas are yearning for thy sight. This is now the tenth year of
+thine abode in the school, and thou didst enter it having reached
+the experience of thy sixth year. This year, then, so reckoned, is
+the sixteenth of thy life. Now, therefore, when thou hast come forth
+and shown thyself to all the mothers longing to see thee, and hast
+saluted those who deserve thy honour, do thou lay aside thy early
+discipline, and experience at thy will the pleasures of the court
+and the delights of fresh youth. Pay thy respects to the chiefs;
+honour the Brahmans; protect thy people; gladden thy kinsfolk. There
+stands at the door, sent by the king, this horse, named Indrayudha,
+swift as Garuda or as the wind, the chief jewel of the three worlds;
+(161) for in truth the monarch of Persia, who esteemed him the wonder
+of the universe, sent him with this message: 'This noble steed, sprung
+straight from the waters of ocean, was found by me, and is worthy for
+thee, O king, to mount;' and when he was shown to those skilled in a
+horse's points, they said: 'He has all the marks of which men tell us
+as belonging to Uccaih�ravas; there never has been nor will be a steed
+like him.' Therefore let him be honoured by thy mounting him. These
+thousand princes, all sons of anointed kings, highly-trained, heroic,
+wise, and accomplished, and of long descent, sent for thine escort,
+wait on horseback, all eager to salute thee."' Having thus said,
+Balahaka paused, and Candrapida, laying his father's command on his
+head, in a voice deep as a new cloud gave the order, 'Let Indrayudha
+be brought,' for he desired to mount him.
+
+'"Immediately on his command Indrayudha was brought, and he beheld that
+wondrous steed, led by two men on each side grasping the circle of
+the bit, and using all their efforts to curb him. He was very large,
+his back being just within reach of a man's uplifted hand; he seemed
+to drink the sky, which was on a level with his mouth; with a neigh
+which shook the cavity of his belly, and filled the hollows of the
+three worlds, he, as it were, upbraided Garuda for his vain trust
+in his fabled speed; (162) with a nostril snorting in wrath at any
+hindrance to his course, he, in his pride, examined the three worlds,
+that he might leap over them; his body was variegated with streaks
+of black, yellow, green, and pink, like Indra's bow; he was like a
+young elephant, with a many-hued rug spread over him; like �iva's
+bull, pink with metallic dust from butting at Kailasa's peaks; like
+Parvati's lion, with his mane crimsoned with the red streak of the
+demon's clotted blood; and like the very incarnation of all energy,
+with a sound emitted from his ever-quivering nostrils, he seemed
+to pour forth the wind inhaled in his swift course; he scattered
+the foam-flakes that frothed from his lips from the champing of
+the points of the bit which rattled as he rolled it in his mouth,
+as if they were mouthfuls of ambrosia drunk in his ocean home. (164)
+And, beholding this steed, whose like was never before seen, in form
+fit for the gods, meet for the kingdom of the whole universe, (165)
+possessed of all the favourable marks, the perfection of a horse's
+shape, the heart of Candrapida, though of a nature not easily moved,
+was touched with amazement, and the thought arose in his mind: 'What
+jewel, if not this wondrous horse, was brought up by the Suras and
+Asuras when they churned the waters of ocean and whirled round Mount
+Mandara with the serpent Vasuki revolving in ceaseless gyration? And
+what has Indra gained by his lordship of the three worlds if he did not
+mount this back, broad as Mount Meru? Surely Indra was cheated by the
+ocean when his heart was gladdened by Uccaih�ravas! And I think that
+so far he has not crossed the sight of holy Narayana, who even now
+does not give up his infatuation for riding Garuda. My father's royal
+glory surpasses the riches of the kingdom of heaven, in that treasures
+such as this, which can hardly be gained in the whole universe, come
+here into servitude. From its magnificence and energy, this form of
+his seems the shrine of a god, and the truth of this makes me fear to
+mount him. For forms like this, fit for the gods and the wonder of
+the universe, belong to no common horse. Even deities, subject to a
+muni's curse, have been known to leave their own bodies and inhabit
+other bodies brought to them by the terms of the curse. (166) For
+there is a story of old how Sthula�iras, a muni of great austerity,
+cursed an Apsaras named Rambha, the ornament of the three worlds; and
+she, leaving heaven, entered the heart of a horse, and thus, as the
+story goes, dwelt for a long time on earth as a mare, in the service of
+King �atadhanvan, at Mrittikavati; and many other great-souled beings,
+having had their glory destroyed by the curse of munis, have roamed the
+world in various forms. Surely this must be some noble being subject
+to a curse! My heart declares his divinity.' Thus thinking, he rose,
+wishing to mount; and in mind only approaching the steed, he prayed
+thus: 'Noble charger, thou art that thou art! All hail to thee! Yet
+let my audacity in mounting thee be forgiven! for even deities whose
+presence is unknown taste of a contumely all unmeet for them.'
+
+'"As if knowing his thought, Indrayudha looked at him with eye
+askance, the pupil turned and partly closed by the lashing of his
+tossing mane, (167) and repeatedly struck the ground with his right
+hoof, till the hair on his chest was gray with the dust it cast up,
+as though summoning the prince to mount, with a pleasant whinnying
+long drawn out into a gentle soft murmur blent with the snorting of
+his quivering nostrils. Whereupon Candrapida mounted Indrayudha,
+as though invited thereunto by his pleasant neighing; and, having
+mounted, he passed out, thinking the whole universe but a span long,
+and beheld a cavalcade of which the furthest limits could not be seen;
+it deafened the hollows of the three worlds with the clatter of hoofs
+breaking up the earth, fierce as a shower of stones let fall from the
+clouds, and with a neighing sounding the fiercer from nostrils choked
+with dust; it decked the sky with a forest of lances all horrent,
+whose shafts gleamed bright when touched by the sun, like a lake half
+hidden in a grove of blue lotus-buds upborne on their stalks; from its
+darkening the eight quarters with its thousand umbrellas all raised,
+it was like a mass of clouds iridescent with the full arch of Indra's
+bow shining on them; (168) while from the horses' mouths being white
+with foam-flakes cast abroad, and from the undulating line of their
+ceaseless curvetting, it rose to sight like a mass of ocean billows
+in the flood of final destruction; all the horses were in motion at
+Candrapida's approach, as the waves of ocean at the moon's rising;
+and the princes, each wishing to be first in their eagerness to pay
+their homage, having their heads unprotected by the hasty removal of
+their umbrellas, and weary with trying to curb their horses, which
+were wild with trampling on each other, drew around the prince. As
+Balahaka presented each by name, they bowed, bending low their heads,
+which showed the glow of loyalty under the guise of the rays uprising
+from the rubies in their waving crests, and which, from their having
+buds held up in adoration, were like lotuses resting on the water
+in the pitchers of coronation. Having saluted them, Candrapida,
+accompanied by Vai�ampayana, also mounted, straightway set out for
+the city. (169) He was shaded by a very large umbrella with a gold
+stick, borne above him, formed like the lotus on which royal glory
+might dwell, like the moon's orb to the moon-lotus grove of royal
+races, like an island being formed by the flow of the cavalcade,
+in hue like the circle of Vasuki's hood whitened by the sea of milk,
+garlanded with many a rope of pearls, bearing the device of a lion
+designed above. The flowers in his ears were set dancing by the wind
+of the cowries waved on either side, and his praises were sung by many
+thousands of retainers running before him, young, for the most part,
+and brave, and by the bards, who ceaselessly recited aloud auspicious
+verses, with a soft cry of 'Long life and victory.'
+
+'"And as he passed on his way to the city, like a manifestation
+of the god of love no longer bodiless, [217] all the people, like
+a lotus-grove awakened by the moon's rising, left their work and
+gathered to behold him.
+
+'"'Kartikeya scorns the name of Kumara, [218] since his own form is
+looked on with scorn by the throng of lotus-faces when this prince is
+by. Surely we reap the reward of great virtue in that we behold that
+godlike form with eyes wide with the overflow of love sprung up within
+us, and upraised in eager curiosity. (170) Our birth in this world
+has now brought forth its fruit. Nevertheless, all hail to blessed
+Krishna, who in the guise of Candrapida has assumed a new form!' With
+such words the city folk folded their hands in adoration and bowed
+before him. And from the thousand windows which were unclosed from
+curiosity to behold Candrapida, the city itself became as it were a
+mass of open eyes; for straightway on hearing that he had left the
+palace of learning filled with all knowledge, women eager to see
+him mounted the roofs hastily throughout the city, leaving their
+half-done work; some with mirrors in their left hand were like the
+nights of the full moon, when the moon's whole orb is gleaming; some,
+with feet roseate with fresh lac, were like lotus-buds whose flowers
+had drunk the early sunlight; some, with their tender feet enmeshed in
+the bells of their girdle, fallen to the ground in their haste, were
+like elephants moving very slowly, checked by their chain; some were
+robed in rainbow hues, like the beauty of a day in the rainy season;
+some raised feet that blossomed into the white rays of their nails,
+like tame kalahamsas drawn by the sound of the anklets; (171) some
+held strings of large pearls in their hands, as if in imitation of
+Rati with her crystal rosary grasped in grief for the death of Love;
+some, with wreaths of pearls falling between their breasts, were like
+the glory of evening when the pairs of cakravakas are separated by a
+pure slender stream; some, with rainbow flashes rising from the gems of
+their anklets, shone as if lovingly accompanied by tame peacocks; some,
+with their jewelled cups half drunk, distilled, as it were, from their
+rosy flower-like lips a sweet nectar. Others, too, with their orbed
+faces appearing at the interstices of the emerald lattices, presented
+to the eyes a lotus-grove with its opening buds traversing the sky,
+as they gazed on the prince. On a sudden there arose a tinkling of
+ornaments born of hasty motion, with many a sound of lutes struck
+sweetly on their chords, blended with the cry of cranes summoned by
+the clanging of the girdles, accompanied by the noise of peacocks
+shut up in the zenana and rejoicing in the thunder caused by the
+stairs being struck by stumbling feet, (172) soft with the murmur of
+kalahamsas fluttering in fear of the clash of fresh clouds, imitating
+the triumphant cry of Love, taking captive the ears of lovely women
+with their ropes of jewels resounding shrilly as they touched one
+another, and re-echoing through all the corners of the houses. In
+a moment the dense throng of maidens made the palaces seem walled
+with women; the ground seemed to blossom by the laying on it of their
+lac-strewn lotus-feet; the city seemed girt with grace by the stream
+of fair forms; the sky seemed all moon by the throng of orbed faces;
+the circle of space seemed a lotus-grove by reason of the hands all
+raised to ward off the heat; the sunshine seemed robed in rainbows
+by the mass of rays from the jewels, and the day seemed formed of
+blue lotus-petals by the long line of bright glances. As the women
+gazed on him with eyes fixed and widened in curiosity, the form of
+Candrapida entered into their hearts as though they were mirrors or
+water or crystal; and as the glow of love manifested itself there,
+their graceful speech became straightway mirthful, confidential,
+confused, envious, scornful, derisive, coquettish, loving, or full
+of longing. (173) As, for instance: 'Hasty one, wait for me! Drunk
+with gazing, hold thy mantle! Simpleton, lift up the long tresses
+that hang about thy face! Remove thy moon-digit ornament! Blinded
+with love, thy feet are caught in the flowers of thine offering, and
+thou wilt fall! Love-distraught, tie up thy hair! Intent on the sight
+of Candrapida, raise thy girdle! Naughty one, lift up the ear-flower
+waving on thy cheek! Heartless one, pick up thine earring! Eager in
+youth, thou art being watched! Cover thy bosom! Shameless one, gather
+up thy loosened robe! Artfully artless, go on quicker! Inquisitive
+girl, take another look at the king! Insatiable, how long wilt thou
+look? Fickle-hearted, think of thine own people! Impish girl, thy
+mantle has fallen, and thou art mocked! Thou whose eyes art filled
+with love, seest thou not thy friends? Maiden full of guile, thou wilt
+live in sorrow with thy heart in causeless torment! Thou who feignest
+coyness, what mean thy crafty glances? (174) look boldly! Bright with
+youth, why rest thy weight against us? Angry one, go in front! Envious
+girl, why block up the window? Slave of love, thou bringest my outer
+robe to utter ruin! Drunk with love's breath, restrain thyself! Devoid
+of self-control, why run before thine elders? Bright in strength, why
+so confused? Silly girl, hide the thrill of love's fever! Ill-behaved
+girl, why thus weary thyself? Changeful one, thy girdle presseth thee,
+and thou sufferest vainly! Absent-minded, thou heedest not thyself,
+though outside thy house! Lost in curiosity, thou hast forgotten how
+to breathe! Thou whose eyes art closed in the happy imagination of
+union with thy beloved, open them! He is passing! Bereft of sense by
+the stroke of love's arrow, place the end of thy silken robe on thy
+head to keep off the sun's rays! Thou who hast taken the vow of Sati,
+thou lettest thine eyes wander, not seeing what is to be seen! Wretched
+one, thou art cast down by the vow not to gaze on other men! Vouchsafe
+to rise, dear friend, and to look at the blessed fish-bannered god,
+[219] without his banner and bereft of Rati, visibly present. (175)
+His crest of malati flowers under his umbrella looks like a mass
+of moonbeams fallen in under the idea that night has set in, on
+his head dark with swarms of bees. His cheek is fair as a garland
+of open �irisha flowers touched with green by the splendour of his
+emerald earring. Our youthful glow of love, under the guise of rich
+ruby rays among the pearl necklaces, shines out eager to enter his
+heart. It is so seen by him among the cowries. Moreover, what is he
+laughing at as he talks to Vai�ampayana, so that the circle of space
+is whitened with his bright teeth? Balahaka, with the edge of his
+silken mantle green as a parrot's plumage, is removing from the tips
+of his hair the dust raised by the horses' hoofs. His bough-like foot,
+soft as Lakshmi's lotus-hand, is raised and sportively cast athwart
+his horse's shoulder. His hand, with tapering fingers and bright
+as pink lotus-buds, is outstretched to its full length to ask for
+betel-nut, just as an elephant's trunk in eagerness for mouthfuls
+of vallisneria. (176) Happy is she who, a fellow-bride with earth,
+shall, like Lakshmi, win that hand outvying the lotus! Happy, too,
+is Queen Vilasavati, by whom he who is able to bear the whole earth
+was nourished in birth, as the elephant of the quarters by Space!'
+
+'"And as they uttered these and other sayings of the same kind,
+Candrapida, drunk in by their eyes, summoned by the tinkling of their
+ornaments, followed by their hearts, bound by the ropes of the rays
+of their jewels, honoured with the offering of their fresh youth,
+bestrewn with flowers and rice in salutation like a marriage fire,
+advancing step by step on a mass of white bracelets slipping from
+their languid arms, reached the palace."'
+
+
+
+[Dismounting and leaning on Vai�ampayana, he entered the court,
+preceded by Balahaka, and passing through the crowd of attendant
+kings, beheld his father seated on a white couch and attended by his
+guards. [220]]
+
+
+
+'"(189) And on the chamberlain's saying 'Behold him!' the prince,
+with his head bent low, and its crest shaking, while yet afar off
+made his salutation, and his father, crying from afar, 'Come, come
+hither!' stretched forth both arms, raised himself slightly from his
+couch, while his eyes filled with tears of joy and a thrill passed over
+his body, and embraced his reverently-bent son as though he would bind
+him fast [221] and absorb him, and drink him in. And after the embrace,
+Candrapida sat down on the bare ground by his father's footstool,
+kicking away the cloak which had been rolled up and hastily made into
+a seat by his own betel-nut bearer, and softly bidding her take it
+away; (190) and then Vai�ampayana, being embraced by the king like his
+own son, sat down on a seat placed for him. When he had been there a
+short time, assailed, as it were, by glances from the women who stood
+motionless, with the waving of the cowries forgotten, glances of love,
+long as strings of lotus stirred by the wind, from fine eyes tremulous
+and askant, he was dismissed with the words, 'Go, my son, salute thy
+loving mother, who longs to see thee, and then in turn gladden all
+who nurtured thee by thy sight.' Respectfully rising, and stopping
+his suite from following him, he went with Vai�ampayana to the zenana,
+led by the royal servants meet to enter therein, and approaching his
+mother, saluted her"' [as she sat surrounded by her attendants and
+by aged ascetic women, who read and recited legends to her [222]].
+
+'"(191) She raised him, while her attendants, skilled in doing her
+commands, stood around her, and, with a loving caress, held him in
+a long embrace, as though thinking inwardly of a hundred auspicious
+words to say, and straightway, when the claims of affection had been
+satisfied, and she had embraced Vai�ampayana, she sat down, and drew
+Candrapida, who was reverently seated on the ground, forcibly and
+against his will to rest in her arms; (192) and when Vai�ampayana
+was seated on a stool quickly brought by the attendants, she embraced
+Candrapida again and again on brow, breast, and shoulders, and said,
+with many a caressing touch: 'Hard-hearted, my child, was thy father,
+by whom so fair a form, meet to be cherished by the whole universe,
+was made to undergo great fatigue for so long! How didst thou endure
+the tedious restraint of thy gurus? Indeed, young as thou art, thou
+hast a strong man's fortitude! Thy heart, even in childhood, has lost
+all idle liking for childish amusement and play. Ah well, all devotion
+to natural and spiritual parents is something apart; and as I now see
+thee endowed, by thy father's favour, with all knowledge, so I shall
+soon see thee endowed with worthy wives.' Having thus said as he bent
+his head, smiling half in shame, she kissed him on the cheek, which was
+a full reflection of her own, and garlanded with open lotuses; and he,
+when he had stayed a short time, gladdened in turn by his presence the
+whole zenana. Then, departing by the royal door, he mounted Indrayudha,
+who was standing outside, and, followed by the princes, went to see
+�ukanasa,"' [and at the gate of an outer court, filled with priests
+of many sects, he dismounted [223]] '"(194) and entered the palace
+of �ukanasa, which resembled a second royal court. On entering he
+saluted �ukanasa like a second father as he stood in the midst of
+thousands of kings, showing him all respect, with his crest bent
+low even from afar. �ukanasa, quickly rising, while the kings rose
+one after another, and respectfully advancing straight to him, with
+tears of joy falling from eyes wide with gladness, heartily, and with
+great affection, embraced him, together with Vai�ampayana. Then the
+prince, rejecting the jewelled seat respectfully brought, sat on the
+bare ground, and next to him sat Vai�ampayana; and when he sat on the
+ground, the whole circle of kings, except �ukanasa, leaving their own
+seats, sat also on the ground. �ukanasa stood silent for a moment,
+showing his extreme joy by the thrill that passed over his limbs,
+and then said to the prince: 'Truly, my child, now that King Tarapida
+has seen thee grown to youth and possessed of knowledge, he has at
+length gained the fruit of his rule over the universe. Now all the
+blessings of thy parents have been fulfilled. Now the merit acquired
+in many other births has borne fruit. Now the gods of thy race are
+content. (195) For they who, like thee, astonish the three worlds,
+do not become the sons of the unworthy. For where is thy age? and
+where thy superhuman power and thy capacity of reaching boundless
+knowledge? Yea, blessed are those subjects who have thee for their
+protector, one like unto Bharata and Bhagiratha. What bright deed
+of merit was done by Earth that she has won thee as lord? Surely,
+Lakshmi is destroyed by persisting in the caprice of dwelling in
+Vishnu's bosom, that she does not approach thee in mortal form! But,
+nevertheless, do thou with thine arm, as the Great Boar with his
+circle of tusks, bear up for myriads of ages the weight of the earth,
+helping thy father.' Thus saying, and offering homage with ornaments,
+dresses, flowers, and unguents, he dismissed him. Thereupon the
+prince, rising, and entering the zenana, visited Vai�ampayana's
+mother, by name Manorama, and, departing, mounted Indrayudha, and
+went to his palace. It had been previously arranged by his father,
+and had white jars filled and placed on the gates, like an image of
+the royal palace; it had garlands of green sandal boughs, thousands of
+white flags flying, and filled the air with the sound of auspicious
+instruments of music; open lotuses were strewn in it. A sacrifice to
+Agni had just been performed, every attendant was in bright apparel,
+every auspicious ceremony for entering a house had been prepared. On
+his arrival he sat for a short time on a couch placed in the hall,
+and then, together with his princely retinue, performed the day's
+duties, beginning with bathing and ending with a banquet; (196) and
+meanwhile he arranged that Indrayudha should dwell in his own chamber.
+
+'"And in these doings of his the day came to a close; the sun's orb
+fell with lifted rays like the ruby anklet--its interstices veiled in
+its own light--of the Glory of Day, as she hastens from the sky. (198)
+And when evening had begun, Candrapida, encircled by a fence of lighted
+lamps, went on foot to the king's palace, (199) and having stayed a
+short time with his father, and seen Vilasavati, he returned to his
+own house and lay down on a couch, many-hued with the radiance of
+various gems, like Krishna on the circle of �esha's hoods.
+
+'"And when night had turned to dawn, he, with his father's leave,
+rose before sunrise, in eagerness for the new delight of hunting, and,
+mounting Indrayudha, went to the wood with a great retinue of runners,
+horses, and elephants. His eagerness was doubled by huntsmen leading
+in a golden leash hounds large as asses. With arrows whose shafts
+were bright as the leaves of a blossoming lotus, and fit to cleave
+the frontal bones of young wild elephants, he slew wild boars, lions,
+�arabhas, [224] yaks, and many other kinds of deer by thousands,
+(200) while the woodland goddesses looked at him with half-closed
+eyes, fluttered by fear of the twanging of his bow. Other animals by
+his great energy he took alive. And when the sun reached the zenith,
+he rode home from the wood (201) with but a few princes who were well
+mounted, going over the events of the chase, saying: 'Thus I killed
+a lion, thus a bear, thus a buffalo, thus a �arabha, thus a stag.'
+
+'"On dismounting, he sat down on a seat brought hastily by his
+attendants, took off his corselet, and removed the rest of his riding
+apparel; he then rested a short time, till his weariness was removed
+by the wind of waving fans; having rested, he went to the bathroom,
+provided with a hundred pitchers of gold, silver, and jewels, and
+having a gold seat placed in its midst. And when the bath was over,
+and he had been rubbed in a separate room with cloths, his head
+was covered with a strip of pure linen, his raiment was put on,
+and he performed his homage to the gods; and when he entered the
+perfuming-room, there approached him the court women attendants,
+appointed by the grand chamberlain and sent by the king, slaves of
+Vilasavati, with Kulavardhana, and zenana women sent from the whole
+zenana, bearing in baskets different ornaments, wreaths, unguents,
+and robes, which they presented to him. Having taken them in due order
+from the women, he first himself anointed Vai�ampayana. When his own
+anointing was done, and giving to those around him flowers, perfumes,
+robes, and jewels, as was meet, (202) he went to the banquet-hall,
+rich in a thousand jewelled vessels, like the autumn sky gleaming with
+stars. He there sat on a doubled rug, with Vai�ampayana next him,
+eagerly employed, as was fitting, in praising his virtues, and the
+host of princes, placed each in order of seniority on the ground,
+felt the pleasure of their service increased by seeing the great
+courtesy with which the prince said: 'Let this be given to him,
+and that to him!' And so he duly partook of his morning meal.
+
+'"After rinsing his mouth and taking betel, he stayed there a short
+time, and then went to Indrayudha, and there, without sitting down,
+while his attendants stood behind him, with upraised faces, awaiting
+his commands, and talking mostly about Indrayudha's points, he himself,
+with heart uplifted by Indrayudha's merits, scattered the fodder
+before him, and departing, visited the court; and in the same order
+of routine he saw the king, and, returning home, spent the night
+there. Next day, at dawn, he beheld approaching a chamberlain, by
+name Kailasa, the chief of the zenana, greatly trusted by the king,
+accompanied by a maiden of noble form, in her first youth, from
+her life at court self-possessed, yet not devoid of modesty, (203)
+growing to maidenhood, and in her veil of silk red with cochineal,
+resembling the Eastern quarter clothed in early sunshine. (204) And
+Kailasa, bowing and approaching, with his right hand placed on the
+ground, spoke as follows:
+
+'"'Prince, Queen Vilasavati bids me say: "This maiden, by name
+Patralekha, daughter of the King of Kuluta, was brought with the
+captives by the great king on his conquest of the royal city of
+Kuluta while she was yet a little child, and was placed among the
+zenana women. And tenderness grew up in me towards her, seeing she
+was a king's daughter and without a protector, and she was long
+cared for and brought up by me just like a daughter. Therefore,
+I now send her to thee, thinking her fit to be thy betel-bearer;
+but she must not be looked on by thee, great prince of many days,
+as thine other attendants. She must be cared for as a young maiden;
+she must be shielded from the thoughtless like thine own nature;
+she must be looked on as a pupil. (205) Like a friend, she must
+be admitted to all thy confidences. By reason of the love that has
+long grown up in me, my heart rests on her as on my own daughter;
+and being sprung from a great race, she is fitted for such duties;
+in truth, she herself will in a few days charm the prince by her
+perfect gentleness. My love for her is of long growth, and therefore
+strong; but as the prince does not yet know her character, this is
+told to him. Thou must in all ways strive, happy prince, that she may
+long be thy fitting companion."' When Kailasa had thus spoken and was
+silent, Candrapida looked long and steadily at Patralekha as she made
+a courteous obeisance, and with the words, 'As my mother wishes,'
+dismissed the chamberlain. And Patralekha, from her first sight of
+him, was filled with devotion to him, and never left the prince's
+side either by night or day, whether he was sleeping, or sitting,
+or standing, or walking, or going to the court, just as if she were
+his shadow; while he felt for her a great affection, beginning from
+his first glance at her, and constantly growing; he daily showed
+more favour to her, and counted her in all his secrets as part of
+his own heart.
+
+'"As the days thus passed on, the king, eager for the anointing of
+Candrapida as crown prince, (206) appointed chamberlains to gather
+together all things needful for it; and when it was at hand, �ukanasa,
+desirous of increasing the prince's modesty, great as it already was,
+spoke to him at length during one of his visits: 'Dear Candrapida,
+though thou hast learnt what is to be known, and read all the �astras,
+no little remains for thee to learn. For truly the darkness arising
+from youth is by nature very thick, nor can it be pierced by the sun,
+nor cleft by the radiance of jewels, nor dispelled by the brightness
+of lamps. The intoxication of Lakshmi is terrible, and does not cease
+even in old age. There is, too, another blindness of power, evil, not
+to be cured by any salve. The fever of pride runs very high, and no
+cooling appliances can allay it. The madness that rises from tasting
+the poison of the senses is violent, and not to be counteracted by
+roots or charms. The defilement of the stain of passion is never
+destroyed by bathing or purification. The sleep of the multitude
+of royal pleasures is ever terrible, and the end of night brings no
+waking. Thus thou must often be told at length. Lordship inherited even
+from birth, fresh youth, peerless beauty, superhuman talent, all this
+is a long succession of ills. (207) Each of these separately is a home
+of insolence; how much more the assemblage of them! For in early youth
+the mind often loses its purity, though it be cleansed with the pure
+waters of the �astras. The eyes of the young become inflamed, though
+their clearness is not quite lost. Nature, too, when the whirlwind of
+passion arises, carries a man far in youth at its own will, like a dry
+leaf borne on the wind. This mirage of pleasure, which captivates the
+senses as if they were deer, always ends in sorrow. When the mind has
+its consciousness dulled by early youth, the characteristics of the
+outer world fall on it like water, all the more sweetly for being
+but just tasted. Extreme clinging to the things of sense destroys
+a man, misleading him like ignorance of his bearings. But men such
+as thou art the fitting vessels for instruction. For on a mind free
+from stain the virtue of good counsel enters easily, as the moon's
+rays on a moon crystal. The words of a guru, though pure, yet cause
+great pain when they enter the ears of the bad, as water does; (208)
+while in others they produce a nobler beauty, like the ear-jewel on
+an elephant. They remove the thick darkness of many sins, like the
+moon in the gloaming. [225] The teaching of a guru is calming, and
+brings to an end the faults of youth by turning them to virtue, just
+as old age takes away the dark stain of the locks by turning them to
+gray. This is the time to teach thee, while thou hast not yet tasted
+the pleasures of sense. For teaching pours away like water in a heart
+shattered by the stroke of love's arrow. Family and sacred tradition
+are unavailing to the froward and undisciplined. Does a fire not burn
+when fed on sandal-wood? Is not the submarine fire the fiercer in
+the water that is wont to quench fire? But the words of a guru are a
+bathing without water, able to cleanse all the stains of man; they are
+a maturity that changes not the locks to gray; they give weight without
+increase of bulk; though not wrought of gold, they are an ear-jewel
+of no common order; without light they shine; without startling they
+awaken. They are specially needed for kings, for the admonishers of
+kings are few. (209) For from fear, men follow like an echo the words
+of kings, and so, being unbridled in their pride, and having the cavity
+of their ears wholly stopped, they do not hear good advice even when
+offered; and when they do hear, by closing their eyes like an elephant,
+they show their contempt, and pain the teachers who offer them good
+counsel. For the nature of kings, being darkened by the madness of
+pride's fever, is perturbed; their wealth causes arrogance and false
+self-esteem; their royal glory causes the torpor brought about by the
+poison of kingly power. First, let one who strives after happiness
+look at Lakshmi. For this Lakshmi, who now rests like a bee on the
+lotus-grove of a circle of naked swords, has risen from the milk ocean,
+has taken her glow from the buds of the coral-tree, her crookedness
+from the moon's digit, her restlessness from the steed Uccaih�rava,
+her witchery from Kalakuta poison, her intoxication from nectar, and
+from the Kaustubha gem her hardness. (210) All these she has taken
+as keepsakes to relieve her longing with memory of her companions'
+friendship. There is nothing so little understood here in the world
+as this base Lakshmi. When won, she is hard to keep; when bound fast
+by the firm cords of heroism, she vanishes; when held by a cage of
+swords brandished by a thousand fierce champions, she yet escapes;
+when guarded by a thick band of elephants, dark with a storm of ichor,
+she yet flees away. She keeps not friendships; she regards not race;
+she recks not of beauty; she follows not the fortunes of a family;
+she looks not on character; she counts not cleverness; she hears
+not sacred learning; she courts not righteousness; she honours not
+liberality; she values not discrimination; she guards not conduct;
+she understands not truth; she makes not auspicious marks her guide;
+like the outline of an a�rial city, she vanishes even as we look on
+her. She is still dizzy with the feeling produced by the eddying of
+the whirlpool made by Mount Mandara. As if she were the tip of a
+lotus-stalk bound to the varying motion of a lotus-bed, she gives
+no firm foothold anywhere. Even when held fast with great effort
+in palaces, she totters as if drunk with the ichor of their many
+wild elephants. (211) She dwells on the sword's edge as if to learn
+cruelty. She clings to the form of Narayana as if to learn constant
+change of form. Full of fickleness, she leaves even a king, richly
+endowed with friends, judicial power, treasure, and territory, as she
+leaves a lotus at the end of day, though it have root, stalk, bud, and
+wide-spreading petals. Like a creeper, she is ever a parasite. [226]
+Like Ganga, though producing wealth, she is all astir with bubbles;
+like the sun's ray, she alights on one thing after another; like the
+cavity of hell, she is full of dense darkness. Like the demon Hidamba,
+her heart is only won by the courage of a Bhima; like the rainy season,
+she sends forth but a momentary flash; like an evil demon, she, with
+the height of many men, [227] crazes the feeble mind. As if jealous,
+she embraces not him whom learning has favoured; she touches not
+the virtuous man, as being impure; she despises a lofty nature as
+unpropitious; she regards not the gently-born, as useless. She leaps
+over a courteous man as a snake; (212) she avoids a hero as a thorn;
+she forgets a giver as a nightmare; she keeps far from a temperate man
+as a villain; she mocks at the wise as a fool; she manifests her ways
+in the world as if in a jugglery that unites contradictions. For,
+though creating constant fever, [228] she produces a chill; [229]
+though exalting men, she shows lowness of soul; though rising from
+water, she augments thirst; though bestowing lordship, [230] she
+shows an unlordly [231] nature; though loading men with power, she
+deprives them of weight; [232] though sister of nectar, she leaves a
+bitter taste; though of earthly mould, [233] she is invisible; though
+attached to the highest, [234] she loves the base; like a creature of
+dust, she soils even the pure. Moreover, let this wavering one shine
+as she may, she yet, like lamplight, only sends forth lamp-black. For
+she is the fostering rain of the poison-plants of desire, the hunter's
+luring song to the deer of the senses, the polluting smoke to the
+pictures of virtue, the luxurious couch of infatuation's long sleep,
+the ancient watch-tower of the demons of pride and wealth. (213) She is
+the cataract gathering over eyes lighted by the �astras, the banner of
+the reckless, the native stream of the alligators of wrath, the tavern
+of the mead of the senses, the music-hall of alluring dances, the lair
+of the serpents of sin, the rod to drive out good practices. She is
+the untimely rain to the kalahamsas [235] of the virtues, the hotbed
+of the pustules of scandal, the prologue of the drama of fraud, the
+roar of the elephant of passion, the slaughter-house of goodness,
+the tongue of Rahu for the moon of holiness. Nor see I any who has
+not been violently embraced by her while she was yet unknown to him,
+and whom she has not deceived. Truly, even in a picture she moves;
+even in a book she practises magic; even cut in a gem she deceives;
+even when heard she misleads; even when thought on she betrays.
+
+'"'When this wretched evil creature wins kings after great toil by
+the will of destiny, they become helpless, and the abode of every
+shameful deed. For at the very moment of coronation their graciousness
+is washed away as if by the auspicious water-jars; (214) their heart
+is darkened as by the smoke of the sacrificial fire; their patience is
+swept away as by the ku�a brooms of the priest; their remembrance of
+advancing age is concealed as by the donning of the turban; the sight
+of the next world is kept afar as by the umbrella's circle; truth is
+removed as by the wind of the cowries; virtue is driven out as by the
+wands of office; the voices of the good are drowned as by cries of
+"All hail!" and glory is flouted as by the streamers of the banners.
+
+'"'For some kings are deceived by successes which are uncertain as the
+tremulous beaks of birds when loose from weariness, and which, though
+pleasant for a moment as a firefly's flash, are contemned by the wise;
+they forget their origin in the pride of amassing a little wealth,
+and are troubled by the onrush of passion as by a blood-poisoning
+brought on by accumulated diseases; they are tortured by the senses,
+which though but five, in their eagerness to taste every pleasure,
+turn to a thousand; they are bewildered by the mind, which, in
+native fickleness, follows its own impulses, and, being but one,
+gets the force of a hundred thousand in its changes. Thus they fall
+into utter helplessness. They are seized by demons, conquered by imps,
+(215) possessed by enchantments, held by monsters, mocked by the wind,
+swallowed by ogres. Pierced by the arrows of Kama, they make a thousand
+contortions; scorched by covetousness, they writhe; struck down by
+fierce blows, they sink down. [236] Like crabs, they sidle; like
+cripples, with steps broken by sin, they are led helpless by others;
+like stammerers from former sins of falsehood, they can scarce babble;
+like saptacchada [237] trees, they produce headache in those near them;
+like dying men, they know not even their kin; like purblind [238] men,
+they cannot see the brightest virtue; like men bitten in a fatal hour,
+they are not waked even by mighty charms; like lac-ornaments, they
+cannot endure strong heat; [239] like rogue elephants, being firmly
+fixed to the pillar of self-conceit, they refuse teaching; bewildered
+by the poison of covetousness, they see everything as golden; like
+arrows sharpened by polishing, [240] when in the hands of others they
+cause destruction; (216) with their rods [241] they strike down great
+families, like high-growing fruit; like untimely blossoms, though
+fair outwardly, they cause destruction; they are terrible of nature,
+like the ashes of a funeral pyre; like men with cataract, they can
+see no distance; like men possessed, they have their houses ruled by
+court jesters; when but heard of, they terrify, like funeral drums;
+when but thought of, like a resolve to commit mortal sin, they bring
+about great calamity; being daily filled with sin, they become wholly
+puffed up. In this state, having allied themselves to a hundred sins,
+they are like drops of water hanging on the tip of the grass on an
+anthill, and have fallen without perceiving it.
+
+'"'But others are deceived by rogues intent on their own
+ends, greedy of the flesh-pots of wealth, cranes of the palace
+lotus-beds! "Gambling," say these, "is a relaxation; adultery a sign
+of cleverness; hunting, exercise; drinking, delight; recklessness,
+heroism; neglect of a wife, freedom from infatuation; (217) contempt
+of a guru's words, a claim to others' submission; unruliness of
+servants, the ensuring of pleasant service; devotion to dance, song,
+music, and bad company, is knowledge of the world; hearkening to
+shameful crimes is greatness of mind; tame endurance of contempt is
+patience; self-will is lordship; disregard of the gods is high spirit;
+the praise of bards is glory; restlessness is enterprise; lack of
+discernment is impartiality." Thus are kings deceived with more than
+mortal praises by men ready to raise faults to the grade of virtues,
+practised in deception, laughing in their hearts, utterly villainous;
+and thus these monarchs, by reason of their senselessness, have their
+minds intoxicated by the pride of wealth, and have a settled false
+conceit in them that these things are really so; though subject to
+mortal conditions, they look on themselves as having alighted on
+earth as divine beings with a superhuman destiny; they employ a pomp
+in their undertakings only fit for gods (218) and win the contempt
+of all mankind. They welcome this deception of themselves by their
+followers. From the delusion as to their own divinity established in
+their minds, they are overthrown by false ideas, and they think their
+own pair of arms have received another pair; [242] they imagine their
+forehead has a third eye buried in the skin. [243] They consider the
+sight of themselves a favour; they esteem their glance a benefit; they
+regard their words as a present; they hold their command a glorious
+boon; they deem their touch a purification. Weighed down by the
+pride of their false greatness, they neither do homage to the gods,
+nor reverence Brahmans, nor honour the honourable, nor salute those
+to whom salutes are due, nor address those who should be addressed,
+nor rise to greet their gurus. They laugh at the learned as losing
+in useless labour all the enjoyment of pleasure; they look on the
+teaching of the old as the wandering talk of dotage; they abuse the
+advice of their councillors as an insult to their own wisdom; they
+are wroth with the giver of good counsel.
+
+'"'At all events, the man they welcome, with whom they converse,
+whom they place by their side, advance, (219) take as companion of
+their pleasure and recipient of their gifts, choose as a friend,
+the man to whose voice they listen, on whom they rain favours, of
+whom they think highly, in whom they trust, is he who does nothing
+day and night but ceaselessly salute them, praise them as divine,
+and exalt their greatness.
+
+'"'What can we expect of those kings whose standard is a law of
+deceit, pitiless in the cruelty of its maxims; whose gurus are family
+priests, with natures made merciless by magic rites; whose teachers
+are councillors skilled to deceive others; whose hearts are set on a
+power that hundreds of kings before them have gained and lost; whose
+skill in weapons is only to inflict death; whose brothers, tender as
+their hearts may be with natural affection, are only to be slaughtered.
+
+'"'Therefore, my Prince, in this post of empire which is terrible in
+the hundreds of evil and perverse impulses which attend it, and in this
+season of youth which leads to utter infatuation, thou must strive
+earnestly not to be scorned by thy people, nor blamed by the good,
+nor cursed by thy gurus, nor reproached by thy friends, nor grieved
+over by the wise. Strive, too, that thou be not exposed by knaves,
+(220) deceived by sharpers, preyed upon by villains, torn to pieces
+by wolvish courtiers, misled by rascals, deluded by women, cheated by
+fortune, led a wild dance by pride, maddened by desire, assailed by the
+things of sense, dragged headlong by passion, carried away by pleasure.
+
+'"'Granted that by nature thou art steadfast, and that by thy father's
+care thou art trained in goodness, and moreover, that wealth only
+intoxicates the light of nature, and the thoughtless, yet my very
+delight in thy virtues makes me speak thus at length.
+
+'"'Let this saying be ever ringing in thine ears: There is none so
+wise, so prudent, so magnanimous, so gracious, so steadfast, and
+so earnest, that the shameless wretch Fortune cannot grind him to
+powder. Yet now mayest thou enjoy the consecration of thy youth to
+kinghood by thy father under happy auspices. Bear the yoke handed down
+to thee that thy forefathers have borne. Bow the heads of thy foes;
+raise the host of thy friends; after thy coronation wander round the
+world for conquest; and bring under thy sway the earth with its seven
+continents subdued of yore by thy father.
+
+'"'This is the time to crown thyself with glory. (221) A glorious
+king has his commands fulfilled as swiftly as a great ascetic.'
+
+'"Having said thus much, he was silent, and by his words Candrapida
+was, as it were, washed, wakened, purified, brightened, bedewed,
+anointed, adorned, cleansed, and made radiant, and with glad heart
+he returned after a short time to his own palace.
+
+'"Some days later, on an auspicious day, the king, surrounded by a
+thousand chiefs, raised aloft, with �ukanasa's help, the vessel of
+consecration, and himself anointed his son, while the rest of the
+rites were performed by the family priest. The water of consecration
+was brought from every sacred pool, river and ocean, encircled by
+every plant, fruit, earth, and gem, mingled with tears of joy, and
+purified by mantras. At that very moment, while the prince was yet wet
+with the water of consecration, royal glory passed on to him without
+leaving Tarapida, as a creeper still clasping its own tree passes
+to another. (222) Straightway he was anointed from head to foot by
+Vilasavati, attended by all the zenana, and full of tender love, with
+sweet sandal white as moonbeams. He was garlanded with fresh white
+flowers; decked [244] with lines of gorocana; adorned with an earring
+of durva grass; clad in two new silken robes with long fringes, white
+as the moon; bound with an amulet round his hand, tied by the family
+priest; and had his breast encircled by a pearl-necklace, like the
+circle of the Seven Rishis come down to see his coronation, strung
+on filaments from the lotus-pool of the royal fortune of young royalty.
+
+'"From the complete concealment of his body by wreaths of white flowers
+interwoven and hanging to his knees, soft as moonbeams, and from his
+wearing snowy robes he was like Narasimha, shaking his thick mane,
+[245] or like Kailasa, with its flowing streams, or Airavata, rough
+with the tangled lotus-fibres of the heavenly Ganges, or the Milky
+Ocean, all covered with flakes of bright foam.
+
+(223) '"Then his father himself for that time took the chamberlain's
+wand to make way for him, and he went to the hall of assembly and
+mounted the royal throne, like the moon on Meru's peak. Then, when he
+had received due homage from the kings, after a short pause the great
+drum that heralded his setting out on his triumphal course resounded
+deeply, under the stroke of golden drum-sticks. Its sound was as the
+noise of clouds gathering at the day of doom; or the ocean struck by
+Mandara; or the foundations of earth by the earthquakes that close an
+aeon; or a portent-cloud, with its flashes of lightning; or the hollow
+of hell by the blows of the snout of the Great Boar. And by its sound
+the spaces of the world were inflated, opened, separated, outspread,
+filled, turned sunwise, and deepened, and the bonds that held the
+sky were unloosed. The echo of it wandered through the three worlds;
+for it was embraced in the lower world by �esha, with his thousand
+hoods raised and bristling in fear; it was challenged in space by the
+elephants of the quarters tossing their tusks in opposition; it was
+honoured with sunwise turns in the sky by the sun's steeds, tossing
+[246] their heads in their snort of terror; (224) it was wondrously
+answered on Kailasa's peak by �iva's bull, with a roar of joy in the
+belief that it was his master's loudest laugh; it was met in Meru by
+Airavata, with deep trumpeting; it was reverenced in the hall of the
+gods by Yama's bull, with his curved horns turned sideways in wrath
+at so strange a sound; and it was heard in terror by the guardian
+gods of the world.
+
+'"Then, at the roar of the drum, followed by an outcry of 'All
+hail!' from all sides, Candrapida came down from the throne, and
+with him went the glory of his foes. He left the hall of assembly,
+followed by a thousand chiefs, who rose hastily around him, strewing
+on all sides the large pearls that fell from the strings of their
+necklaces as they struck against each other, like rice sportively
+thrown as a good omen for their setting off to conquer the world. He
+showed like the coral-tree amid the white buds of the kalpa-trees;
+[247] or Airavata amid the elephants of the quarters bedewing him with
+water from their trunks; or heaven, with the firmament showering stars;
+or the rainy season with clouds ever pouring heavy drops.
+
+(225) '"Then an elephant was hastily brought by the mahout, adorned
+with all auspicious signs for the journey, and on the inner seat
+Patralekha was placed. The prince then mounted, and under the shade of
+an umbrella with a hundred wires enmeshed with pearls, beauteous as
+Kailasa standing on the arms of Ravana, and white as the whirlpools
+of the Milky Ocean under the tossing of the mountain, he started on
+his journey. And as he paused in his departure he saw the ten quarters
+tawny with the rich sunlight, surpassing molten lac, of the flashing
+crest-jewels of the kings who watched him with faces hidden behind the
+ramparts, as if the light were the fire of his own majesty, flashing
+forth after his coronation. He saw the earth bright as if with his own
+glow of loyalty when anointed as heir-apparent, and the sky crimson
+as with the flame that heralded the swift destruction of his foes,
+and daylight roseate as with lac-juice from the feet of the Lakshmi
+of earth coming to greet him.
+
+'"On the way hosts of kings, with their thousand elephants swaying
+in confusion, their umbrellas broken by the pressure of the crowd,
+their crest-jewels falling low as their diadems bent in homage, (226)
+their earrings hanging down, and the jewels falling on their cheeks,
+bowed low before him, as a trusted general recited their names. The
+elephant Gandhamadana followed the prince, pink with much red lead,
+dangling to the ground his ear-ornaments of pearls, having his head
+outlined with many a wreath of white flowers, like Meru with evening
+sunlight resting on it, the white stream of Ganges falling across it,
+and the spangled roughness of a bevy of stars on its peak. Before
+Candrapida went Indrayudha, led by his groom, perfumed with saffron
+and many-hued, with the flash of golden trappings on his limbs. And
+so the expedition slowly started towards the Eastern Quarter. [248]
+
+'"Then the whole army set forth with wondrous turmoil, with its forest
+of umbrellas stirred by the elephants' movements, like an ocean
+of destruction reflecting on its advancing waves a thousand moons,
+flooding the earth.
+
+(227) '"When the prince left his palace Vai�ampayana performed every
+auspicious rite, and then, clothed in white, anointed with an ointment
+of white flowers, accompanied by a great host of powerful kings, shaded
+by a white umbrella, followed close on the prince, mounted on a swift
+elephant, like a second Crown Prince, and drew near to him like the
+moon to the sun. Straightway the earth heard on all sides the cry:
+'The Crown Prince has started!' and shook with the weight of the
+advancing army.
+
+(228) '"In an instant the earth seemed as it were made of horses;
+the horizon, of elephants; the atmosphere, of umbrellas; the sky,
+of forests of pennons; the wind, of the scent of ichor; the human
+race, of kings; the eye, of the rays of jewels; the day, of crests;
+the universe, of cries of 'All hail!'
+
+(228-234 condensed) '"The dust rose at the advance of the army like
+a herd of elephants to tear up the lotuses of the sunbeams, or a
+veil to cover the Lakshmi of the three worlds. Day became earthy;
+the quarters were modelled in clay; the sky was, as it were, resolved
+in dust, and the whole universe appeared to consist of but one element.
+
+(234) '"When the horizon became clear again, Vai�ampayana, looking at
+the mighty host which seemed to rise from the ocean, was filled with
+wonder, and, turning his glance on every side, said to Candrapida:
+'What, prince, has been left unconquered by the mighty King
+Tarapida, for thee to conquer? What regions unsubdued, for thee
+to subdue? (235) What fortresses untaken, for thee to take? What
+continents unappropriated, for thee to appropriate? What treasures
+ungained, for thee to gain? What kings have not been humbled? By whom
+have the raised hands of salutation, soft as young lotuses, not been
+placed on the head? By whose brows, encircled with golden bands,
+have the floors of his halls not been polished? Whose crest-jewels
+have not scraped his footstool? Who have not accepted his staff of
+office? Who have not waved his cowries? Who have not raised the cry of
+"Hail!"? Who have not drunk in with the crocodiles of their crests,
+the radiance of his feet, like pure streams? For all these princes,
+though they are imbued with the pride of armies, ready in their rough
+play to plunge into the four oceans; though they are the peers of
+the great kings Da�aratha, Bhagiratha, Bharata, Dilipa, Alarka, and
+Mandhatri; though they are anointed princes, soma-drinkers, haughty in
+the pride of birth, yet they bear on the sprays of crests purified with
+the shower of the water of consecration the dust of thy feet of happy
+omen, like an amulet of ashes. By them as by fresh noble mountains,
+the earth is upheld. These their armies that have entered the heart of
+the ten regions follow thee alone. (236) For lo! wherever thy glance
+is cast, hell seems to vomit forth armies, the earth to bear them, the
+quarters to discharge them, the sky to rain them, the day to create
+them. And methinks the earth, trampled by the weight of boundless
+hosts, recalls to-day the confusion of the battles of the Mahabharata.
+
+'"'Here the sun wanders in the groves of pennons, with his orb
+stumbling over their tops, as if he were trying, out of curiosity,
+to count the banners. The earth is ceaselessly submerged under
+ichor sweet as cardamons, and flowing like a plait of hair, from the
+elephants who scatter it all round, and thick, too, with the murmur
+of the bees settling on it, so that it shines as if filled with the
+waves of Yamuna. The lines of moon-white flags hide the horizon, like
+rivers that in fear of being made turbid by the heavy host have fled
+to the sky. It is a wonder that the earth has not to-day been split
+into a thousand pieces by the weight of the army; and that the bonds
+of its joints, the noble mountains, are not burst asunder; and that
+the hoods of �esha, the lord of serpents, in distress at the burden
+of earth pressed down under the load of troops, do not give way.'
+
+(237) '"While he was thus speaking, the prince reached his palace. It
+was adorned with many lofty triumphal arches; dotted with a thousand
+pavilions enclosed in grassy ramparts, and bright with many a tent
+of shining white cloth. Here he dismounted, and performed in kingly
+wise all due rites; and though the kings and ministers who had come
+together sought to divert him with various tales, he spent the rest
+of the day in sorrow, for his heart was tortured with bitter grief for
+his fresh separation from his father. When day was brought to a close
+he passed the night, too, mostly in sleeplessness, with Vai�ampayana
+resting on a couch not far from his own, and Patralekha sleeping hard
+by on a blanket placed on the ground; his talk was now of his father,
+now of his mother, now of �ukanasa, and he rested but little. At dawn
+he arose, and with an army that grew at every march, as it advanced
+in unchanged order, he hollowed the earth, shook the mountains, dried
+the rivers, emptied the lakes, (238) crushed the woods to powder,
+levelled the crooked places, tore down the fortresses, filled up the
+hollows, and hollowed the solid ground.
+
+'"By degrees, as he wandered at will, he bowed the haughty, exalted
+the humble, encouraged the fearful, protected the suppliant, rooted
+out the vicious, and drove out the hostile. He anointed princes in
+different places, gathered treasures, accepted gifts, took tribute,
+taught local regulations, established monuments of his visit,
+made hymns of worship, and inscribed edicts. He honoured Brahmans,
+reverenced saints, protected hermitages, and showed a prowess that won
+his people's love. He exalted his majesty, heaped up his glory, showed
+his virtues far and wide, and won renown for his good deeds. Thus
+trampling down the woods on the shore, and turning the whole expanse
+of ocean to gray with the dust of his army, he wandered over the earth.
+
+'"The East was his first conquest, then the Southern Quarter, marked
+by Tri�anku, then the Western Quarter, which has Varuna for its sign,
+and immediately afterwards the Northern Quarter adorned by the Seven
+Rishis. Within the three years that he roamed over the world he had
+subdued the whole earth, with its continents, bounded only by the
+moat of four oceans.
+
+(239) '"He then, wandering sunwise, conquered and occupied Suvarnapura,
+not far from the Eastern Ocean, the abode of those Kiratas who dwell
+near Kailasa, and are called Hemajakutas, and as his army was weary
+from its worldwide wandering, he encamped there for a few days to rest.
+
+'"One day during his sojourn there he mounted Indrayudha to hunt, and
+as he roamed through the wood he beheld a pair of Kinnaras wandering
+down at will from the mountains. Wondering at the strange sight,
+and eager to take them, he brought up his horse respectfully near
+them and approached them. But they hurried on, fearing the unknown
+sight of a man, and fleeing from him, while he pursued them, doubling
+Indrayudha's speed by frequent pats on his neck, and went on alone,
+leaving his army far behind. Led on by the idea that he was just
+catching them, he was borne in an instant fifteen leagues from his
+own quarters by Indrayudha's speed as it were at one bound, and was
+left companionless. (240) The pair of Kinnaras he was pursuing were
+climbing a steep hill in front of him. He at length turned away his
+glance, which was following their progress, and, checked by the
+steepness of the ascent, reined in Indrayudha. Then, seeing that
+both his horse and himself were tired and heated by their toils,
+he considered for a moment, and laughed at himself as he thought:
+'Why have I thus wearied myself for nothing, like a child? What
+matters it whether I catch the pair of Kinnaras or not? If caught,
+what is the good? if missed, what is the harm? What a folly this is
+of mine! What a love of busying myself in any trifle! What a passion
+for aimless toil! What a clinging to childish pleasure! The good
+work I was doing has been begun in vain. The needful rite I had begun
+has been rendered fruitless. The duty of friendship I undertook has
+not been performed. The royal office I was employed in has not been
+fulfilled. The great task I had entered on has not been completed. My
+earnest labour in a worthy ambition has been brought to nought. Why
+have I been so mad as to leave my followers behind and come so
+far? (241) and why have I earned for myself the ridicule I should
+bestow on another, when I think how aimlessly I have followed these
+monsters with their horses' heads? I know not how far off is the army
+that follows me. For the swiftness of Indrayudha traverses a vast
+space in a moment, and his speed prevented my noticing as I came by
+what path I should turn back, for my eyes were fixed on the Kinnaras;
+and now I am in a great forest, spread underfoot with dry leaves,
+with a dense growth of creepers, underwood, and branching trees. Roam
+as I may here I cannot light on any mortal who can show me the way
+to Suvarnapura. I have often heard that Suvarnapura is the farthest
+bound of earth to the north, and that beyond it lies a supernatural
+forest, and beyond that again is Kailasa. This then is Kailasa; so
+I must turn back now, and resolutely seek to make my way unaided to
+the south. For a man must bear the fruit of his own faults.'
+
+'"With this purpose he shook the reins in his left hand, and turned
+the horse's head. Then he again reflected: (242) 'The blessed sun
+with glowing light now adorns the south, as if he were the zone-gem
+of the glory of day. Indrayudha is tired; I will just let him eat
+a few mouthfuls of grass, and then let him bathe and drink in some
+mountain rill or river; and when he is refreshed I will myself drink
+some water, and after resting a short time under the shade of a tree,
+I will set out again.'
+
+'"So thinking, constantly turning his eyes on every side for water, he
+wandered till at length he saw a track wet with masses of mud raised
+by the feet of a large troop of mountain elephants, who had lately
+come up from bathing in a lotus-pool. (243) Inferring thence that
+there was water near, he went straight on along the slope of Kailasa,
+the trees of which, closely crowded as they were, seemed, from their
+lack of boughs, to be far apart, for they were mostly pines, �al, and
+gum olibanum trees, and were lofty, and like a circle of umbrellas,
+to be gazed at with upraised head. There was thick yellow sand,
+and by reason of the stony soil the grass and shrubs were but scanty.
+
+(244) '"At length he beheld, on the north-east of Kailasa, a very
+lofty clump of trees, rising like a mass of clouds, heavy with its
+weight of rain, and massed as if with the darkness of a night in the
+dark fortnight.
+
+'"The wind from the waves, soft as sandal, dewy, cool from passing
+over the water, aromatic with flowers, met him, and seemed to woo him;
+and the cries of kalahamsas drunk with lotus-honey, charming his ear,
+summoned him to enter. So he went into that clump, and in its midst
+beheld the Acchoda Lake, as if it were the mirror of the Lakshmi of the
+three worlds, the crystal chamber of the goddess of earth, the path
+by which the waters of ocean escape, the oozing of the quarters, the
+avatar of part of the sky, Kailasa taught to flow, Himavat liquefied,
+moonlight melted, �iva's smile turned to water, (245) the merit of
+the three worlds abiding in the shape of a lake, a range of hills of
+lapis lazuli changed into water, or a mass of autumn clouds poured
+down in one spot. From its clearness it might be Varuna's mirror;
+it seemed to be fashioned of the hearts of ascetics, the virtues of
+good men, the bright eyes of deer, or the rays of pearls.
+
+(247) '"Like the person of a great man, it showed clearly the
+signs of fish, crocodile, tortoise, and cakra; [249] like the
+story of Kartikeya, the lamentations of the wives of Krau�ca [250]
+resounded in it; it was shaken by the wings of white Dhartarashtras,
+as the Mahabharata by the rivalry of Pandavas and Dhartarashtras;
+and the drinking of poison by �iva was represented by the drinking
+of its water by peacocks, as if it were the time of the churning of
+ocean. It was fair, like a god, with a gaze that never wavers. (248)
+Like a futile argument, it seemed to have no end; and was a lake most
+fair and gladdening to the eyes.
+
+'"The very sight of it seemed to remove Candrapida's weariness,
+and as he gazed he thought:
+
+'"'Though my pursuit of the horse-faced pair was fruitless, yet now
+that I see this lake it has gained its reward. My eyes' reward in
+beholding all that is to be seen has now been won, the furthest point
+of all fair things seen, the limit of all that gladdens us gazed upon,
+the boundary line of all that charms us descried, the perfection of all
+that causes joy made manifest, and the vanishing-point of all worthy
+of sight beheld. (249) By creating this lake water, sweet as nectar,
+the Creator has made his own labour of creation superfluous. For this,
+too, like the nectar that gladdens all the senses, produces joy to
+the eye by its purity, offers the pleasure of touch by its coolness,
+gladdens the sense of smell by the fragrance of its lotuses, pleases
+the ear with the ceaseless murmur of its hamsas, and delights the
+taste with its sweetness. Truly it is from eagerness to behold this
+that �iva leaves not his infatuation for dwelling on Kailasa. Surely
+Krishna no longer follows his own natural desire as to a watery couch,
+for he sleeps on the ocean, with its water bitter with salt, and leaves
+this water sweet as nectar! Nor is this, in sooth, the prim�val lake;
+for the earth, when fearing the blows of the tusks of the boar of
+destruction, entered the ocean, all the waters of which were designed
+but to be a draught for Agastya; whereas, if it had plunged into this
+mighty lake, deep as many deep hells, it could not have been reached,
+I say not by one, but not even by a thousand boars. (250) Verily it
+is from this lake that the clouds of doom at the seasons of final
+destruction draw little by little their water when they overwhelm the
+interstices of the universe, and darken all the quarters with their
+destroying storm. And methinks that the world, Brahma's egg, which in
+the beginning of creation was made of water, was massed together and
+placed here under the guise of a lake.' So thinking, he reached the
+south bank, dismounted and took off Indrayudha's harness; (251) and
+the latter rolled on the ground, arose, ate some mouthfuls of grass,
+and then the prince took him down to the lake, and let him drink and
+bathe at will. After that, the prince took off his bridle, bound two
+of his feet by a golden chain to the lower bough of a tree hard by,
+and, cutting off with his dagger some durva grass from the bank of
+the lake, threw it before the horse, and went back himself to the
+water. He washed his hands, and feasted, like the cataka, on water;
+like the cakravaka, he tasted pieces of lotus-fibre; like the moon
+with its beams, he touched the moon-lotuses with his finger-tips;
+like a snake, he welcomed the breeze of the waves; [251] like one
+wounded with Love's arrows, he placed a covering of lotus-leaves on
+his breast; like a mountain elephant, when the tip of his trunk is wet
+with spray, he adorned his hands with spray-washed lotuses. Then with
+dewy lotus-leaves, with freshly-broken fibres, he made a couch on a
+rock embowered in creepers, and rolling up his cloak for a pillow,
+lay down to sleep. After a short rest, he heard on the north bank
+of the lake a sweet sound of unearthly music, borne on the ear, and
+blent with the chords of the vina. (252) Indrayudha heard it first,
+and letting fall the grass he was eating, with ears fixed and neck
+arched, turned towards the voice. The prince, as he heard it, rose
+from his lotus-couch in curiosity to see whence this song could arise
+in a place deserted by men, and cast his glance towards the region;
+but, from the great distance, he was unable, though he strained his
+eyes to the utmost, to discern anything, although he ceaselessly
+heard the sound. Desiring in his eagerness to know its source,
+he determined to depart, and saddling and mounting Indrayudha, he
+set forth by the western forest path, making the song his goal; the
+deer, albeit unasked, were his guides, as they rushed on in front,
+delighting in the music. [252]
+
+(253-256 condensed) '"Welcomed by the breezes of Kailasa, he went
+towards that spot, which was surrounded by trees on all sides, and
+at the foot of the slope of Kailasa, on the left bank of the lake,
+called Candraprabha, which whitened the whole region with a splendour
+as of moonlight, he beheld an empty temple of �iva.
+
+(257) '"As he entered the temple he was whitened by the falling on
+him of ketaki pollen, tossed by the wind, as if for the sake of seeing
+�iva he had been forcibly made to perform a vow of putting on ashes,
+or as if he were robed in the pure merits of entering the temple;
+and, in a crystal shrine resting on four pillars, he beheld �iva, the
+four-faced, teacher of the world, the god whose feet are honoured by
+the universe, with his emblem, the linga, made of pure pearl. Homage
+had been paid to the deity by shining lotuses of the heavenly Ganges,
+that might be mistaken for crests of pearls, freshly-plucked and wet,
+with drops falling from the ends of their leaves, like fragments of
+the moon's disc split and set upright, or like parts of �iva's own
+smile, or scraps of �esha's hood, or brothers of Krishna's conch,
+or the heart of the Milky Ocean.
+
+(258) '"But, seated in a posture of meditation, to the right of the
+god, facing him, Candrapida beheld a maiden vowed to the service of
+�iva, who turned the region with its mountains and woods to ivory by
+the brightness of her beauty. For its lustre shone far, spreading
+through space, white as the tide of the Milky Ocean, overwhelming
+all things at the day of doom, or like a store of penance gathered
+in long years and flowing out, streaming forth massed together
+like Ganges between the trees, giving a fresh whiteness to Kailasa,
+and purifying the gazer's soul, though it but entered his eye. The
+exceeding whiteness of her form concealed her limbs as though she had
+entered a crystal shrine, or had plunged into a sea of milk, or were
+hidden in spotless silk, or were caught on the surface of a mirror,
+or were veiled in autumn clouds. She seemed to be fashioned from the
+quintessence of whiteness, without the bevy of helps for the creation
+of the body that consist of matter formed of the five gross elements.
+
+(259) She was like sacrifice impersonate, come to worship �iva, in
+fear of being seized by the unworthy; or Rati, undertaking a rite
+of propitiation to conciliate him, for the sake of Kama's body;
+or Lakshmi, goddess of the Milky Ocean, longing for a digit of
+�iva's moon, her familiar friend of yore when they dwelt together
+in the deep; or the embodied moon seeking �iva's protection from
+Rahu; or the beauty of Airavata, [253] come to fulfil �iva's wish
+to wear an elephant's skin; or the brightness of the smile on the
+right face of �iva become manifest and taking a separate abode; or
+the white ash with which �iva besprinkles himself, in bodily shape;
+or moonlight made manifest to dispel the darkness of �iva's neck;
+or the embodied purity of Gauri's mind; or the impersonate chastity
+of Kartikeya; or the brightness of �iva's bull, dwelling apart from
+his body; (260) or the wealth of flowers on the temple trees come of
+themselves to worship �iva; or the fulness of Brahma's penance come
+down to earth; or the glory of the Prajapatis of the Golden Age,
+resting after the fatigue of wandering through the seven worlds;
+or the Three Vedas, dwelling in the woods in grief at the overthrow
+of righteousness in the Kali Age; or the germ of a future Golden Age,
+in the form of a maiden; or the fulness of a muni's contemplation, in
+human shape; or a troop of heavenly elephants, falling into confusion
+on reaching the heavenly Ganges; or the beauty of Kailasa, fallen in
+dread of being uprooted by Ravana; or the Lakshmi of the �vetadvipa
+[254] come to behold another continent; or the grace of an opening
+ka�a-blossom looking for the autumn; or the brightness of �esha's
+body leaving hell and come to earth; or the brilliance of Balarama,
+which had left him in weariness of his intoxication; or a succession
+of bright fortnights massed together.
+
+'"She seemed from her whiteness to have taken a share from all the
+hamsas; (261) or to have come from the heart of righteousness; or to
+have been fashioned from a shell; or drawn from a pearl; or formed
+from lotus-fibres; or made of flakes of ivory; or purified by brushes
+of moonbeams; or inlaid with lime; or whitened with foam-balls of
+ambrosia; or laved in streams of quicksilver; or rubbed with melted
+silver; or dug out from the moon's orb; or decked with the hues of
+kutaja, jasmine, and sinduvara flowers. She seemed, in truth, to be
+the very furthest bound of whiteness. Her head was bright with matted
+locks hanging on her shoulders, made, as it were, of the brightness of
+morning rays taken from the sun on the Eastern Mountain, tawny like
+the quivering splendour of flashing lightning, and, being wet from
+recent bathing, marked with the dust of �iva's feet clasped in her
+devotion; she bore �iva's feet marked with his name in jewels on her
+head, fastened with a band of hair; (262) and her brow had a sectarial
+mark of ashes pure as the dust of stars ground by the heels of the
+sun's horses. (266) She was a goddess, and her age could not be known
+by earthly reckoning, but she resembled a maiden of eighteen summers.
+
+'"Having beheld her, Candrapida dismounted, tied his horse to a
+bough, and then, reverently bowing before the blessed �iva, gazed
+again on that heavenly maiden with a steady unswerving glance. And
+as her beauty, grace, and serenity stirred his wonder, the thought
+arose in him: 'How in this world each matter in its turn becomes of
+no value! For when I was pursuing the pair of Kinnaras wantonly and
+vainly I beheld this most beautiful place, inaccessible to men, and
+haunted by the immortals. (267) Then in my search for water I saw
+this delightful lake sought by the Siddhas. While I rested on its
+bank I heard a divine song; and as I followed the sound, this divine
+maiden, too fair for mortal sight, met my eyes. For I cannot doubt
+her divinity. Her very beauty proclaims her a goddess. And whence
+in the world of men could there arise such harmonies of heavenly
+minstrelsy? If, therefore, she vanishes not from my sight, nor mounts
+the summit of Kailasa, nor flies to the sky, I will draw near and ask
+her, "Who art thou, and what is thy name, and why hast thou in the
+dawn of life undertaken this vow?" This is all full of wonder.' With
+this resolve he approached another pillar of the crystal shrine,
+and sat there, awaiting the end of the song.
+
+'"Then when she had stilled her lute, like a moon-lotus bed when
+the pleasant hum of the bees is silenced, (268) the maiden rose,
+made a sunwise turn and an obeisance to �iva, and then turning round,
+with a glance by nature clear, and by the power of penance confident,
+she, as it were, gave courage to Candrapida, as if thereby she were
+sprinkling him with merits, laving him with holy water, purifying him
+with penance, freeing him from stain, giving him his heart's desire,
+and leading him to purity.
+
+'"'Hail to my guest!' said she. 'How has my lord reached this
+place? Rise, draw near, and receive a guest's due welcome.' So she
+spake; and he, deeming himself honoured even by her deigning to speak
+with him, reverently arose and bowed before her. 'As thou biddest,
+lady,' he replied, and showed his courtesy by following in her steps
+like a pupil. And on the way he thought: 'Lo, even when she beheld me
+she did not vanish! Truly a hope of asking her questions has taken hold
+of my heart. And when I see the courteous welcome, rich in kindness,
+of this maiden, fair though she be with a beauty rare in ascetics,
+I surely trust that at my petition she will tell me all her story.'
+
+(269) '"Having gone about a hundred paces, he beheld a cave, with
+its entrance veiled by dense tamalas, showing even by day a night of
+their own; its edge was vocal with the glad bees' deep murmur on the
+bowers of creepers with their opening blossoms; it was bedewed with
+torrents that in their sheer descent fell in foam, dashing against
+the white rock, and cleft by the axe-like points of the jagged
+cliff, with a shrill crash as the cold spray rose up and broke;
+it was like a mass of waving cowries hanging from a door, from the
+cascades streaming down on either side, white as �iva's smile, or as
+pearly frost. Within was a circle of jewelled pitchers; on one side
+hung a veil worn in sacred meditation; a clean pair of shoes made of
+cocoanut matting hung on a peg; one corner held a bark bed gray with
+dust scattered by the ashes the maiden wore; the place of honour was
+filled by a bowl of shell carved with a chisel, like the orb of the
+moon; and close by there stood a gourd of ashes.
+
+'"On the rock at the entrance Candrapida took his seat, and when the
+maiden, having laid her lute on the pillow of the bark bed, took in
+a leafy cup some water from the cascade to offer to her guest, and he
+said as she approached (270): 'Enough of these thy great toils. Cease
+this excess of grace. Be persuaded, lady. Let this too great honour
+be abandoned. The very sight of thee, like the aghamarshana hymn,
+stills all evil and sufficeth for purification. Deign to take thy
+seat!' Yet being urged by her, he reverently, with head bent low,
+accepted all the homage she gave to her guest. When her cares for
+her guest were over, she sat down on another rock, and after a short
+silence he told, at her request, the whole story of his coming in
+pursuit of the pair of Kinnaras, beginning with his expedition of
+conquest. The maiden then rose, and, taking a begging bowl, wandered
+among the trees round the temple; and ere long her bowl was filled
+with fruits that had fallen of their own accord. As she invited
+Candrapida to the enjoyment of them, the thought arose in his heart:
+'Of a truth, there is nought beyond the power of penance. For it is
+a great marvel how the lords of the forest, albeit devoid of sense,
+yet, like beings endowed with sense, gain honour for themselves by
+casting down their fruits for this maiden. A wondrous sight is this,
+and one never seen before.'
+
+'"So, marvelling yet more, he brought Indrayudha to that spot,
+unsaddled him, and tied him up hard by. (271) Then, having bathed in
+the torrent, he partook of the fruits, sweet as ambrosia, and drank
+the cool water of the cascade, and having rinsed his mouth, he waited
+apart while the maiden enjoyed her repast of water, roots, and fruit.
+
+'"When her meal was ended and she had said her evening prayer, and
+taken her seat fearlessly on the rock, the Prince quietly approached
+her, and sitting down near her, paused awhile and then respectfully
+said:
+
+'"'Lady, the folly that besets mankind impels me even against my
+will to question thee, for I am bewildered by a curiosity that has
+taken courage from thy kindness. For even the slightest grace of
+a lord emboldens a weak nature: even a short time spent together
+creates intimacy. Even a slight acceptance of homage produces
+affection. Therefore, if it weary thee not, I pray thee to honour me
+with thy story. For from my first sight of thee a great eagerness has
+possessed me as to this matter. Is the race honoured by thy birth,
+lady, that of the Maruts, or Rishis, or Gandharvas, or Guhyakas,
+or Apsarases? And wherefore in thy fresh youth, tender as a flower,
+has this vow been taken? (272) For how far apart would seem thy youth,
+thy beauty, and thine exceeding grace, from this thy peace from all
+thoughts of earth! This is marvellous in mine eyes! And wherefore
+hast thou left the heavenly hermitages that gods may win, and that
+hold all things needful for the highest saints, to dwell alone in
+this deserted wood? And whereby hath thy body, though formed of the
+five gross elements, put on this pure whiteness? Never have I heard
+or seen aught such as this. I pray thee dispel my curiosity, and tell
+me all I ask.'
+
+'"For a little time she pondered his request in silence, and then she
+began to weep noiselessly, and her eyes were blinded by tears which
+fell in large drops, carrying with them the purity of her heart,
+showering down the innocence of her senses, distilling the essence
+of asceticism, dropping in a liquid form the brightness of her eyes,
+most pure, falling on her white cheeks like a broken string of pearls,
+unceasing, splashing on her bosom covered by the bark robe.
+
+(273) '"And as he beheld her weeping Candrapida reflected: 'How hardly
+can misfortune be warded off, if it takes for its own a beauty like
+this, which one might have deemed beyond its might! Of a truth there
+is none whom the sorrows of life in the body leave untouched. Strong
+indeed is the working of the opposed powers of pleasure and pain. [255]
+These her tears have created in me a further curiosity, even greater
+than before. It is no slight grief that can take its abode in a
+form like hers. For it is not a feeble blow that causes the earth
+to tremble.'
+
+'"While his curiosity was thus increased he felt himself guilty of
+recalling her grief, and rising, brought in his folded hand from the
+torrent some water to bathe her face. But she, though the torrent of
+her tears was in nowise checked by his gentleness, yet bathed her
+reddened eyes, and drying her face with the edge of her bark robe,
+slowly said with a long and bitter sigh:
+
+(274) '"'Wherefore, Prince, wilt thou hear the story of my ascetic
+life, all unfit for thy ears? for cruel has been my heart, hard my
+destiny, and evil my condition, even from my birth. Still, if thy
+desire to know be great, hearken. It has come within the range of
+our hearing, usually directed to auspicious knowledge, that there
+are in the abode of the gods maidens called Apsarases. Of these
+there are fourteen families: one sprung from the mind of Brahma,
+another from the Vedas, another from fire, another from the wind,
+another from nectar when it was churned, another from water, another
+from the sun's rays, another from the moon's beams, another from
+earth, and another from lightning; one was fashioned by Death, and
+another created by Love; besides, Daksha, father of all, had among
+his many daughters two, Muni and Arishta, and from their union with
+the Gandharvas were sprung the other two families. These are, in sum,
+the fourteen races. But from the Gandharvas and the daughters of
+Daksha sprang these two families. Here Muni bore a sixteenth son, by
+name Citraratha, who excelled in virtues Sena and all the rest of his
+fifteen brothers. For his heroism was famed through the three worlds;
+his dignity was increased by the name of Friend, bestowed by Indra,
+whose lotus feet are caressed by the crests of the gods cast down
+before him; and even in childhood he gained the sovereignty of all the
+Gandharvas by a right arm tinged with the flashing of his sword. (275)
+Not far hence, north of the land of Bharata, is his dwelling, Hemakuta,
+a boundary mountain in the Kimpurusha country. There, protected by
+his arm, dwell innumerable Gandharvas. By him this pleasant wood,
+Caitraratha, was made, this great lake Acchoda was dug out, and this
+image of �iva was fashioned. But the son of Arishta, in the second
+Gandharva family, was as a child anointed king by Citraratha, lord of
+the Gandharvas, and now holds royal rank, and with a countless retinue
+of Gandharvas dwells likewise on this mountain. Now, from that family
+of Apsarases which sprang from the moon's nectar was born a maiden,
+fashioned as though by the grace of all the moon's digits poured in
+one stream, gladdening the eyes of the universe, moonbeam-fair, in
+name and nature a second Gauri. [256] (276) Her Hamsa, lord of the
+second family, wooed, as the Milky Ocean the Ganges; with him she
+was united, as Rati with Kama, or the lotus-bed with the autumn;
+and enjoying the great happiness of such a union she became the
+queen of his zenana. To this noble pair I was born as only daughter,
+ill-omened, a prey for grief, and a vessel for countless sorrows;
+my father, however, having no other child, greeted my birth with a
+great festival, surpassing that for a son, and on the tenth day, with
+the customary rites he gave me the fitting name of Maha�veta. In his
+palace I spent my childhood, passed from lap to lap of the Gandharva
+dames, like a lute, as I murmured the prattle of babyhood, ignorant as
+yet of the sorrows of love; but in time fresh youth came to me as the
+honey-month to the spring, fresh shoots to the honey-month, flowers
+to the fresh shoots, bees to the flowers, and honey to the bees.
+
+'"' [257]And one day in the month of honey I went down with my mother
+to the Acchoda lake to bathe, when its beauties were spread wide in
+the spring, and all its lotuses were in flower.
+
+(278) '"'I worshipped the pictures of �iva, attended by Bringiriti,
+which were carved on the rocks of the bank by Parvati when she came
+down to bathe, and which had the reverential attendance of ascetics
+portrayed by the thin footprints left in the dust. "How beautiful!" I
+cried, "is this bower of creepers, with its clusters of flowers of
+which the bees' weight has broken the centre and bowed the filaments;
+this mango is fully in flower, and the honey pours through the holes in
+the stalks of its buds, which the cuckoo's sharp claws have pierced;
+how cool this sandal avenue, which the serpents, terrified at the
+murmur of hosts of wild peacocks, have deserted; how delightful the
+waving creepers, which betray by their fallen blossoms the swinging of
+the wood-nymphs upon them; how pleasant the foot of the trees on the
+bank where the kalahamsas have left the line of their steps imprinted
+in the pollen of many a flower!" Drawn on thus by the ever-growing
+charms of the wood, I wandered with my companions. (279) And at a
+certain spot I smelt the fragrance of a flower strongly borne on the
+wind, overpowering that of all the rest, though the wood was in full
+blossom; it drew near, and by its great sweetness seemed to anoint, to
+delight, and to fill the sense of smell. Bees followed it, seeking to
+make it their own: it was truly a perfume unknown heretofore, and fit
+for the gods. I, too, eager to learn whence it came, with eyes turned
+into buds, and drawn on like a bee by that scent, and attracting to
+me the kalahamsas of the lake by the jangling of my anklets loudly
+clashed in the tremulous speed of my curiosity, advanced a few steps
+and beheld a graceful youthful ascetic coming down to bathe. He was
+like Spring doing penance in grief for Love made the fuel of �iva's
+fire, or the crescent on �iva's brow performing a vow to win a full
+orb, or Love restrained in his eagerness to conquer �iva: by his great
+splendour he appeared to be girt by a cage of quivering lightning,
+embosomed in the globe of the summer sun, or encircled in the flames
+of a furnace: (280) by the brightness of his form, flashing forth ever
+more and more, yellow as lamplight, he made the grove a tawny gold;
+his locks were yellow and soft like an amulet dyed in gorocana. The
+line of ashes on his brow made him like Ganges with the line of a
+fresh sandbank, as though it were a sandal-mark to win Sarasvati,
+[258] and played the part of a banner of holiness; his eyebrows were
+an arch rising high over the abode of men's curses; his eyes were
+so long that he seemed to wear them as a chaplet; he shared with
+the deer the beauty of their glance; his nose was long and aquiline;
+the citron of his lower lip was rosy as with the glow of youth, which
+was refused an entrance to his heart; with his beardless cheek he was
+like a fresh lotus, the filaments of which have not yet been tossed
+by the bees in their sport; he was adorned with a sacrificial thread
+like the bent string of Love's bow, or a filament from the lotus grove
+of the pool of penance; in one hand he bore a pitcher like a kesara
+fruit with its stalk; in the other a crystal rosary, strung as it were
+with the tears of Rati wailing in grief for Love's death. (281) His
+loins were girt with a mu�ja-grass girdle, as though he had assumed
+a halo, having outvied the sun by his innate splendour; the office
+of vesture was performed by the bark of the heavenly coral-tree,
+[259] bright as the pink eyelid of an old partridge, and washed in
+the waves of the heavenly Ganges; he was the ornament of ascetic
+life, the youthful grace of holiness, the delight of Sarasvati, the
+chosen lord of all the sciences, and the meeting-place of all divine
+tradition. He had, like the summer season, [260] his ashadha [261];
+he had, like a winter wood, the brightness of opening millet, and he
+had like the month of honey, a face adorned with white tilaka. [262]
+With him there was a youthful ascetic gathering flowers to worship
+the gods, his equal in age and a friend worthy of himself.
+
+(282) '"'Then I saw a wondrous spray of flowers which decked his ear,
+like the bright smile of woodland �ri joying in the sight of spring,
+or the grain-offering of the honey-month welcoming the Malaya winds, or
+the youth of the Lakshmi of flowers, or the cowrie that adorns Love's
+elephant; it was wooed by the bees; the Pleiads lent it their grace;
+and its honey was nectar. "Surely," I decided, "this is the fragrance
+which makes all other flowers scentless," and gazing at the youthful
+ascetic, the thought arose in my mind: "Ah, how lavish is the Creator
+who has skill [263] to produce the highest perfection of form, for he
+has compounded Kama of all miraculous beauty, excelling the universe,
+and yet has created this ascetic even more fair, surpassing him, like a
+second love-god, born of enchantment. (283) Methinks that when Brahma
+[264] made the moon's orb to gladden the world, and the lotuses to be
+Lakshmi's palace of delight, he was but practising to gain skill for
+the creation of this ascetic's face; why else should such things be
+created? Surely it is false that the sun with its ray Sushumna [265]
+drinks all the digits of the moon as it wanes in the dark fortnight,
+for their beams are cast down to enter this fair form. How otherwise
+could there be such grace in one who lives in weary penance, beauty's
+destroyer?" As I thus thought, Love, beauty's firm adherent, who knows
+not good from ill, and who is ever at hand to the young, enthralled
+me, together with my sighs, as the madness of spring takes captive
+the bee. Then with a right eye gazing steadily, the eyelashes half
+closed, the iris darkened by the pupil's tremulous sidelong glance,
+I looked long on him. With this glance I, as it were, drank him in,
+besought him, told him I was wholly his, offered my heart, tried
+to enter into him with my whole soul, sought to be absorbed in him,
+implored his protection to save Love's victim, showed my suppliant
+state that asked for a place in his heart; (284) and though I asked
+myself, "What is this shameful feeling that has arisen in me, unseemly
+and unworthy a noble maiden?" yet knowing this, I could not master
+myself, but with great difficulty stood firm, gazing at him. For
+I seemed to be paralyzed, or in a picture, or scattered abroad, or
+bound, or in a trance, and yet in wondrous wise upheld, as though
+when my limbs were failing, support was at the same moment given;
+for I know not how one can be certain in a matter that can neither
+be told nor taught, and that is not capable of being told, for it
+is only learnt from within. Can it be ascertained as presented by
+his beauty, or by my own mind, or by love, or by youth or affection,
+or by any other causes? I cannot tell. Lifted up and dragged towards
+him by my senses, led forward by my heart, urged from behind by Love,
+I yet by a strong effort restrained my impulse. (285) Straightway
+a storm of sighs went forth unceasingly, prompted by Love as he
+strove to find a place within me; and my bosom heaved as longing to
+speak earnestly to my heart, and then I thought to myself: "What an
+unworthy action is this of vile Kama, who surrenders me to this cold
+ascetic free from all thoughts of love! Truly, the heart of woman
+is foolish exceedingly, since it cannot weigh the fitness of that
+which it loves. For what has this bright home of glory and penance
+to do with the stirrings of love that meaner men welcome? Surely
+in his heart he scorns me for being thus deceived by Kama! Strange
+it is that I who know this cannot restrain my feeling! (286) Other
+maidens, indeed, laying shame aside, have of their own accord gone
+to their lords; others have been maddened by that reckless love-god;
+but not as I am here alone! How in that one moment has my heart been
+thrown into turmoil by the mere sight of his form, and passed from my
+control! for time for knowledge and good qualities always make Love
+invincible. It is best for me to leave this place while I yet have
+my senses, and while he does not clearly see this my hateful folly
+of love. Perchance if he sees in me the effects of a love he cannot
+approve, he will in wrath make me feel his curse. For ascetics are
+ever prone to wrath." Thus having resolved, I was eager to depart,
+but, remembering that holy men should be reverenced by all, I made an
+obeisance to him with eyes turned to his face, eyelashes motionless,
+not glancing downwards, my cheek uncaressed by the flowers dancing
+in my ears, my garland tossing on my waving hair, and my jewelled
+earrings swinging on my shoulders.
+
+'"'As I thus bent, the irresistible command of love, the inspiration
+of the spring, the charm of the place, the frowardness of youth, the
+unsteadiness of the senses, (287) the impatient longing for earthly
+goods, the fickleness of the mind, the destiny that rules events--in
+a word, my own cruel fate, and the fact that all my trouble was
+caused by him, were the means by which Love destroyed his firmness
+by the sight of my feeling, and made him waver towards me like a
+flame in the wind. He too was visibly thrilled, as if to welcome the
+newly-entering Love; his sighs went before him to show the way to his
+mind which was hastening towards me; the rosary in his hand trembled
+and shook, fearing the breaking of his vow; drops rose on his cheek,
+like a second garland hanging from his ear; his eyes, as his pupils
+dilated and his glance widened in the joy of beholding me, turned
+the spot to a very lotus-grove, so that the ten regions were filled
+by the long rays coming forth like masses of open lotuses that had
+of their own accord left the Acchoda lake and were rising to the sky.
+
+'"'By the manifest change in him my love was redoubled, and I fell
+that moment into a state I cannot describe, all unworthy of my
+caste. "Surely," I reflected, "Kama himself teaches this play of the
+eye, though generally after a long happy love, else whence comes this
+ascetic's gaze? (288) For his mind is unversed in the mingled feelings
+of earthly joys, and yet his eyes, though they have never learnt the
+art, pour forth the stream of love's sweetness, rain nectar, are half
+closed by joy, are slow with distress, heavy with sleep, roaming with
+pupils tremulous and languid with the weight of gladness, and yet
+bright with the play of his eyebrows. Whence comes this exceeding
+skill that tells the heart's longing wordlessly by a glance alone?"
+
+'"'Impelled by these thoughts I advanced, and bowing to the second
+young ascetic, his companion, I asked: "What is the name of his
+Reverence? Of what ascetic is he the son? From what tree is this
+garland woven? For its scent, hitherto unknown, and of rare sweetness,
+kindles great curiosity in me."
+
+'"'With a slight smile, he replied: "Maiden, what needs this
+question? But I will enlighten thy curiosity. Listen!
+
+'"'"There dwells in the world of gods a great sage, �vetaketu; his
+noble character is famed through the universe; his feet are honoured by
+bands of siddhas, gods, and demons; (289) his beauty, exceeding that
+of Nalakubara, [266] is dear to the three worlds, and gladdens the
+hearts of goddesses. Once upon a time, when seeking lotuses for the
+worship of the gods, he went down to the Heavenly Ganges, which lay
+white as �iva's smile, while its water was studded as with peacocks'
+eyes by the ichor of Airavata. Straightway Lakshmi, enthroned on
+a thousand-petalled white lotus close by, beheld him coming down
+among the flowers, and looking on him, she drank in his beauty with
+eyes half closed by love, and quivering with weight of joyous tears,
+and with her slender fingers laid on her softly-opening lips; and
+her heart was disturbed by Love; by her glance alone she won his
+affection. A son was born, and taking him in her arms with the words,
+'Take him, for he is thine,' she gave him to �vetaketu, who performed
+all the rites of a son's birth, and called him Pundarika, because he
+was born in a pundarika lotus. Moreover, after initiation, he led him
+through the whole circle of the arts. (290) This is Pundarika whom you
+see. And this spray comes from the parijata tree, [267] which rose
+when the Milky Ocean was churned by gods and demons. How it gained
+a place in his ear contrary to his vow, I will now tell. This being
+the fourteenth day of the month, he started with me from heaven to
+worship �iva, who had gone to Kailasa. On the way, near the Nandana
+Wood, a nymph, drunk with the juice of flowers, wearing fresh mango
+shoots in her ear, veiled completely by garlands falling to the knees,
+girt with kesara flowers, and resting on the fair hand lent her by the
+Lakshmi of spring, took this spray of parijata, and bending low, thus
+addressed Pundarika: 'Sir, let, I pray, this thy form, that gladdens
+the eyes of the universe, have this spray as its fitting adornment;
+let it be placed on the tip of thy ear, for it has but the playfulness
+that belongs to a garland; let the birth of the parijata now reap
+its full blessing!' At her words, his eyes were cast down in modesty
+at the praise he so well deserved, and he turned to depart without
+regarding her; but as I saw her following us, I said, 'What is the
+harm, friend. Let her courteous gift be accepted!' and so by force,
+against his will, the spray adorns his ear. Now all has been told:
+who he is, whose son, and what this flower is, and how it has been
+raised to his ear." (291) When he had thus spoken, Pundarika said to
+me with a slight smile: "Ah, curious maiden, why didst thou take the
+trouble to ask this? If the flower, with its sweet scent, please thee,
+do thou accept it," and advancing, he took it from his own ear and
+placed it in mine, as though, with the soft murmur of the bees on it,
+it were a prayer for love. At once, in my eagerness to touch his hand,
+a thrill arose in me, like a second parijata flower, where the garland
+lay; while he, in the pleasure of touching my cheek, did not see that
+from his tremulous fingers he had dropped his rosary at the same time
+as his timidity; but before it reached the ground I seized it, and
+playfully placed it on my neck, where it wore the grace of a necklace
+unlike all others, while I learnt the joy of having my neck clasped,
+as it were, by his arm.
+
+'"'As our hearts were thus occupied with each other, my umbrella-bearer
+addressed me: "Princess, the Queen has bathed. It is nearly time
+to go home. Do thou, therefore, also bathe." At her words, like a
+newly-caught elephant, rebellious at the first touch of the new hook,
+I was unwillingly dragged away, and as I went down to bathe, I could
+hardly withdraw my eyes, for they seemed to be drowned in the ambrosial
+beauty of his face, or caught in the thicket of my thrilling cheek,
+or pinned down by Love's shafts, or sewn fast by the cords [268]
+of his charms.
+
+(292) '"'Meanwhile, the second young ascetic, seeing that he was
+losing his self-control, gently upbraided him: "Dear Pundarika, this
+is unworthy of thee. This is the way trodden by common men. For the
+good are rich in self-control. Why dost thou, like a man of low caste,
+fail to restrain the turmoil of thy soul? Whence comes this hitherto
+unknown assault of the senses, which so transforms thee? Where is
+thine old firmness? Where thy conquest of the senses? Where thy
+self-control? Where thy calm of mind, thine inherited holiness,
+thy carelessness of earthly things? Where the teaching of thy guru,
+thy learning of the Vedas, thy resolves of asceticism, thy hatred of
+pleasure, thine aversion to vain delights, thy passion for penance, thy
+distaste for enjoyments, thy rule over the impulses of youth? Verily
+all knowledge is fruitless, study of holy books is useless, initiation
+has lost its meaning, pondering the teaching of gurus avails not,
+proficiency is worthless, learning leads to nought, since even men like
+thee are stained by the touch of passion, and overcome by folly. (293)
+Thou dost not even see that thy rosary has fallen from thy hand,
+and has been carried away. Alas! how good sense fails in men thus
+struck down. Hold back this heart of thine, for this worthless girl
+is seeking to carry it away."
+
+'"'To these words he replied, with some shame: "Dear Kapi�jala,
+why dost thou thus misunderstand me? I am not one to endure this
+reckless girl's offence in taking my rosary!" and with his moonlike
+face beautiful in its feigned wrath, and adorned the more by the dread
+frown he tried to assume, while his lip trembled with longing to kiss
+me, he said to me, "Playful maiden, thou shalt not move a step from
+this place without giving back my rosary." Thereupon I loosed from
+my neck a single row of pearls as the flower-offering that begins
+a dance in Kama's honour, and placed it in his outstretched hand,
+while his eyes were fixed on my face, and his mind was far away. I
+started to bathe, but how I started I know not, for my mother and my
+companions could hardly lead me away by force, like a river driven
+backwards, and I went home thinking only of him.
+
+(294) '"'And entering the maidens' dwelling, I began straightway to ask
+myself in my grief at his loss: "Am I really back, or still there? Am
+I alone, or with my maidens? Am I silent, or beginning to speak? Am
+I awake or asleep? Do I weep or hold back my tears? Is this joy or
+sorrow, longing or despair, misfortune or gladness, day or night? Are
+these things pleasures or pains?" All this I understood not. In my
+ignorance of Love's course, I knew not whither to go, what to do,
+hear, see, or speak, whom to tell, nor what remedy to seek. Entering
+the maidens' palace, I dismissed my friends at the door, and shut
+out my attendants, and then, putting aside all my occupations, I
+stood alone with my face against the jewelled window. I gazed at the
+region which, in its possession of him, was richly decked, endowed
+with great treasure, overflowed by the ocean of nectar, adorned with
+the rising of the full moon, and most fair to behold, I longed to ask
+his doings even of the breeze wafted from thence, or of the scent of
+the woodland flowers, or of the song of the birds. (295) I envied even
+the toils of penance for his devotion to them. For his sake, in the
+blind adherence of love, I took a vow of silence. I attributed grace
+to the ascetic garb, because he accepted it, beauty to youth because
+he owned it, charm to the parijata flower because it touched his ear,
+delight to heaven because he dwelt there, and invincible power to
+love because he was so fair. Though far away, I turned towards him
+as the lotus-bed to the sun, the tide to the moon, or the peacock
+to the cloud. I bore on my neck his rosary, like a charm against the
+loss of the life stricken by his absence. I stood motionless, though
+a thrill made the down on my cheek like a kadamba flower ear-ring,
+as it rose from the joy of being touched by his hand, and from the
+parijata spray in my ear, which spoke sweetly to me of him.
+
+'"'Now my betel-bearer, Taralika, had been with me to bathe; she came
+back after me rather late, and softly addressed me in my sadness:
+"Princess, one of those godlike ascetics we saw on the bank of Lake
+Acchoda--(296) he by whom this spray of the heavenly tree was placed
+in thy ear--as I was following thee, eluded the glance of his other
+self, and approaching me with soft steps between the branches of a
+flowering creeper, asked me concerning thee, saying, 'Damsel, who is
+this maiden? Whose daughter is she? What is her name? And whither goes
+she?' I replied: 'She is sprung from Gauri, an Apsaras of the moon
+race, and her father Hamsa is king of all the Gandharvas; the nails of
+his feet are burnished by the tips of the jewelled aigrettes on the
+turbans of all the Gandharvas; his tree-like arms are marked by the
+cosmetics on the cheeks of his Gandharva wives, and the lotus-hand of
+Lakshmi forms his footstool. The princess is named Maha�veta, and she
+has set out now for the hill of Hemakuta, the abode of the Gandharvas.'
+
+'"'"When this tale had been told by me, he thought silently for a
+moment, and then looking long at me with a steady gaze, as if gently
+entreating me, he said: 'Damsel, thy form, young as thou art, is of
+fair promise, and augurs truth and steadfastness. Grant me, therefore,
+one request.' Courteously raising my hands, I reverently replied:
+(297) 'Wherefore say this? Who am I? When great-souled men such as
+thou, meet for the honour of the whole universe, deign to cast even
+their sin-removing glance on one like me, their act wins merit--much
+more if they give a command. Say, therefore, freely what is to be
+done. Let me be honoured by thy bidding.'
+
+'"'"Thus addressed, he saluted me with a kindly glance, as a friend,
+a helper, or a giver of life; and taking a shoot from a tamala-tree
+hard by, he crushed it on the stones of the bank, broke off a piece
+from his upper bark garment as a tablet, and with the tamala-juice,
+sweet as the ichor of a gandha elephant, wrote with the nail of the
+little finger of his lotus-hand, and placed it in my hand, saying, 'Let
+this letter be secretly given by thee to that maiden when alone.'" With
+these words she drew it from the betel-box and showed it to me.
+
+'"'As I took from her hand that bark letter, I was filled with this
+talk about him, which, though but a sound, produced the joy of contact,
+and though for the ears alone, had its pervading presence in all my
+limbs manifested by a thrill, as if it were a spell to invoke Love;
+and in his letter I beheld these lines: [269]
+
+
+    A hamsa on the Manas lake, lured by a creeper's treacherous shine,
+    My heart is led a weary chase, lured by that pearly wreath of
+        thine. [270]
+
+
+(298) '"'By the reading of this, an even greater change for the worse
+was wrought in my lovesick mind, as in one who has lost his way,
+by also losing his bearings; as in a blind man, by a night of the
+dark fortnight; as in a dumb man, by cutting out the tongue; as in an
+ignorant man, by a conjuror's waving fan; as in a confused talker,
+by the delirium of fever; as in one poisoned, by the fatal sleep;
+as in a wicked man, by atheistic philosophy; as in one distraught, by
+strong drink; or as in one possessed, by the action of the possessing
+demon; so that in the turmoil it created in me, I was tossed like a
+river in flood. I honoured Taralika for having seen him again, as one
+who had acquired great merit, or who had tasted the joys of heaven,
+or had been visited by a god, or had her highest boon granted, or
+had drunk nectar, or had been anointed queen of the three worlds. I
+spoke to her reverently, as if, though always by me, she were a
+rare visitant, and though my familiar friend, she were hitherto
+unknown. I looked on her, though behind me, as above the world;
+I tenderly caressed the curls on her cheek, and entirely set at
+nought the condition of mistress and maid, again and again asking,
+(299) "How was he seen by thee? What did he say to thee? How long
+wert thou there? How far did he follow us?" And shutting out all my
+attendants, I spent the whole day with her in the palace, listening to
+that tale. The sun's orb hanging in the sky became crimson, sharing
+my heart's glow; the Lakshmi of sunlight longing for the sight of
+the flushed sun, and preparing her lotus-couch, turned pale as though
+faint with love; the sunbeams, rosy as they fell on waters dyed with
+red chalk, rose from the lotus-beds clustering like herds of woodland
+elephants; the day, with an echo of the joyous neighing of the steeds
+of the sun's chariot longing to rest after their descent of the sky,
+entered the caves of Mount Meru; the lotus-beds, as the bees entered
+the folded leaves of the red lilies, seemed to close their eyes as
+though their hearts were darkened by a swoon at the sun's departure;
+the pairs of cakravakas, each taking the other's heart, safely hidden
+in the hollow lotus-stalks whereof they had eaten together, were
+now parted; and my umbrella-bearer approaching me, said as follows:
+(300) "Princess, one of those youthful hermits is at the door, and
+says he has come to beg for a rosary." At the hermit's name, though
+motionless, I seemed to approach the door, and suspecting the reason of
+his coming, I summoned another chamberlain, whom I sent, saying, "Go
+and admit him." A moment later I beheld the young ascetic Kapi�jala,
+who is to Pundarika as youth to beauty, love to youth, spring to love,
+southern breezes to spring, and who is indeed a friend worthy of him;
+he followed the hoary chamberlain as sunlight after moonlight. As he
+drew near his appearance betrayed to me trouble, sadness, distraction,
+entreaty, and a yearning unfulfilled. With a reverence I rose and
+respectfully brought him a seat; and when he was reluctantly forced
+to accept it, I washed his feet and dried them on the silken edge of
+my upper robe; and then sat by him on the bare ground. For a moment
+he waited, as if eager to speak, when he cast his eyes on Taralika
+close by. Knowing his desire at a glance, I said, "Sir, she is one
+with me. (301) Speak fearlessly." At my words Kapi�jala replied:
+"Princess, what can I say? for through shame my voice does not reach
+the sphere of utterance. How far is the passionless ascetic who
+lives on roots in the woods from the illusion of passion that finds
+its home in restless souls, and is stained with longing for earthly
+pleasures, and filled with the manifold sports of the Love God. See how
+unseemly all this is! What has fate begun? God easily turns us into
+a laughing-stock! I know not if this be fitting with bark garments,
+or seemly for matted locks, or meet for penance, or consonant with the
+teaching of holiness! Such a mockery was never known! I needs must
+tell you the story. No other course is visible; no other remedy is
+perceived; no other refuge is at hand; no other way is before me. If
+it remains untold, even greater trouble will arise. A friend's life
+must be saved even at the loss of our own; so I will tell the tale:
+
+'"'"It was in thy presence that I sternly rebuked Pundarika, and after
+that speech I left him in anger and went to another place, leaving
+my task of gathering flowers. After thy departure, I remained apart a
+short time, (302) and then, becoming anxious as to what he was doing,
+I turned back and examined the spot from behind a tree. As I did not
+see him there, the thought arose within me, 'His mind was enslaved
+by love, and perchance he followed her; and now that she is gone,
+he has regained his senses, and is ashamed to come within my sight;
+or he has gone from me in wrath, or departed hence to another place
+in search of me.' Thus thinking, I waited some time, but, troubled by
+an absence I had never since my birth suffered for a moment, I again
+thought, 'It may be that, in shame at his failure in firmness, he will
+come to some harm; for shame makes everything possible; he must not,
+then, be left alone.' With this resolve, I earnestly made search for
+him. But as I could not see him, though I sought on all sides, made
+anxious by love for my friend, I pictured this or that misfortune,
+and wandered long, examining glades of trees, creeper bowers among the
+sandal avenues, and the banks of lakes, carefully glancing on every
+side. (303) At length I beheld him in a thicket of creepers near
+a lake, a very birthplace for spring, most fair, and in its close
+growth appearing to be made wholly of flowers, of bees, of cuckoos,
+and of peacocks. From his entire absence of employment, he was as one
+painted, or engraved, or paralyzed, or dead, or asleep, or in a trance
+of meditation; he was motionless, yet wandering from his right course;
+alone, yet possessed by Love; all aglow, yet raising a pallid face;
+absent-minded, yet giving his love a place within him; silent, and yet
+telling a tale of Love's great woe; seated on a stone, yet standing
+in face of death. He was tormented by Kama, who yet, in fear of many
+a curse, remained unseen. By his great stillness he appeared to be
+deserted by the senses which had entered into him to behold the love
+that dwelt in his heart, and had fainted in fear at its unbearable
+heat, or had left him in wrath at the tossing of his mind. From eyes
+steadily closed, and dimmed within by the smoke of Love's keen fire,
+he ceaselessly poured forth a storm of tears trickling down through
+his eyelashes. (304) The filaments of the creepers near trembled in
+the sighs which rushed out, bearing the redness of his lips like the
+upstarting ruddy flame of Kama burning his heart. As his hand rested
+on his left cheek, his brow, from the clear rays of his nails rising
+upwards, seemed to have a fresh mark of sandal very pure; from the late
+removal of his earring, the parijata flower, his ear was endowed with
+a tamala shoot or a blue lotus by the bees that murmured a charm to
+bewitch love, under the guise of their soft hum as they crept up in
+longing for what remained of that fragrance. Under the guise of his
+hair rising in a passionate thrill he seemed to bear on his limbs a
+mass of broken points of the flowery darts of Love's arrows discharged
+into his pores. With his right hand he bore on his breast a string of
+pearls that, by being interlaced with the flashing rays of his nails,
+seemed bristling in joy at the pleasure of touching his palm, and that
+was, as it were, a banner of recklessness. He was pelted by the trees
+with pollen, like a powder to subdue Love; he was caressed by a�oka
+shoots tossed by the wind, and transferring to him their rosy glow;
+he was besprinkled by woodland Lakshmi with honey-dew from clusters
+of fresh flowers, like waters to crown Love; he was struck by Love
+with campak buds, which, as their fragrance was drunk in by bees, were
+like fiery barbs all smoking; (305) he was rebuked by the south wind,
+as if by the hum of the bees maddened by the many scents of the wood;
+he was bewildered by the honey-month, as by cries of 'All hail!' to
+Spring raised by the cuckoos in their melodious ecstasy. Like the
+risen moon, he was robed in paleness; like the stream of Ganges in
+summer, he had dwindled to meagreness; like a sandal-tree with a
+fire at its heart, he was fading away. He seemed to have entered
+on another birth, and was as another man, strange and unfamiliar;
+he was changed into another shape. As one entered by an evil spirit,
+ruled by a great demon, possessed by a strong devil, drunk, deluded,
+blind, deaf, dumb, all merged in joy and love, he had reached the
+climax of the mind's slavery when possessed by Love, and his old self
+could no longer be known.
+
+'"'"As with a steady glance I long examined his sad state, I became
+despondent, and thought in my trembling heart: 'This is of a truth
+that Love whose force none can resist; for by him Pundarika has
+been in a moment brought to a state for which there is no cure. For
+how else could such a storehouse of learning become straightway
+unavailing? (306) It is, alas! a miracle in him who from childhood has
+been firm of nature and unswerving in conduct, and whose life was the
+envy of myself and the other young ascetics. Here, like a mean man,
+despising knowledge, contemning the power of penance, he has rooted
+up his deep steadfastness, and is paralyzed by Love. A youth which has
+never swerved is indeed rare!' I went forward, and sitting down by him
+on the same stone, with my hand resting on his shoulder, I asked him,
+though his eyes were still closed: 'Dear Pundarika, tell me what this
+means.' Then with great difficulty and effort he opened his eyes,
+which seemed fastened together by their long closing, and which were
+red from incessant weeping and overflowing with tears as if shaken
+and in pain, while their colour was that of a red lotus-bed veiled in
+white silk. He looked at me long with a very languid glance, and then,
+deeply sighing, in accents broken by shame, he slowly and with pain
+murmured: 'Dear Kapi�jala, why ask me what thou knowest?' Hearing this,
+and thinking that Pundarika was suffering in this way a cureless ill,
+but that still, as far as possible, a friend who is entering a wrong
+course should be held back to the utmost by those who love him,
+I replied: 'Dear Pundarika, I know it well. (307) I will only ask
+this question: Is this course you have begun taught by your gurus,
+or read in the holy books? or is this a way of winning holiness,
+or a fresh form of penance, or a path to heaven, or a mystic vow,
+or a means of salvation, or any other kind of discipline? Is this
+fitting for thee even to imagine, much less to see or tell? Like a
+fool, thou seest not that thou art made a laughing-stock by that
+miscreant Love. For it is the fool who is tormented by Love. For
+what is thy hope of happiness in such things as are honoured by the
+base, but blamed by the good? He truly waters a poison tree under
+the idea of duty, or embraces the sword plant for a lotus-wreath, or
+lays hold on a black snake, taking it for a line of smoke of black
+aloes, or touches a burning coal for a jewel, or tries to pull out
+the club-like tusk of a wild elephant, thinking it a lotus-fibre; he
+is a fool who places happiness in the pleasures of sense which end
+in sorrow. And thou, though knowing the real nature of the senses,
+why dost thou carry thy knowledge as the firefly his light, [271]
+only to be concealed, in that thou restrainest not thy senses when they
+start out of their course like streams turbid [272] in their passionate
+onrush? Nor dost thou curb thy tossing mind. (308) Who, forsooth, is
+this Love-god? Relying on thy firmness, do thou revile this miscreant.'
+
+'"'"As I thus spoke he wiped with his hand his eyes streaming with
+tears poured through his eyelashes, and while he yet leant on me,
+replied, rebuking my speech: 'Friend, what need of many words? Thou
+at least art untouched! Thou hast not fallen within the range of
+Love's shafts, cruel with the poison of snakes! It is easy to teach
+another! and when that other has his senses and his mind, and sees,
+hears, and knows what he has heard, and can discern good and evil,
+he is then fit for advice. But all this is far from me; all talk of
+stability, judgment, firmness, reflection, has come to an end. How
+do I even breathe but by strong effort? The time for advice is long
+past. The opportunity for firmness has been let slip; the hour for
+reflection is gone; the season for stability and judgment has passed
+away. Who but thee could give advice at this time, or could attempt
+to restrain my wandering? To whom but thee should I listen? or who
+else in the world is a friend like thee? What ails me that I cannot
+restrain myself? Thou sawest in a moment my wretched plight. The
+time, then, for advice is now past. (309) While I breathe, I long
+for some cure for the fever of love, violent as the rays of twelve
+suns [273] at the end of the world. My limbs are baked, my heart is
+seething, my eyes are burning, and my body on fire. Do, therefore,
+what the time demands.' He then became silent, and after this speech
+I tried again and again to rouse him; but as he did not listen even
+when tenderly and affectionately exhorted in the words of the pure
+teaching of the �astras full of cases like his own, together with
+the legendary histories, I thought, 'He is gone too far; he cannot
+be turned back. Advice is now useless, so I will make an effort
+just to preserve his life.' With this resolve I rose and went, and
+tore up some juicy lotus-fibres from the lake; then, taking some
+lotus-petals marked by water, I plucked lotuses of all kinds, sweet
+with the fragrance of the aromatic pollen within, and prepared a
+couch on that same rock in the bower. And as he rested there at ease
+(310), I crushed soft twigs of the sandal-trees hard by, and with
+its juice, naturally sweet and cold as ice, made a mark on his brow,
+and anointed him from head to foot. I allayed the perspiration by
+camphor-dust powdered in my hand, broken from the interstices of the
+split bark of the trees near, and fanned him with a plantain-leaf
+dripping with pure water, while the bark robe he wore was moist with
+the sandal placed on his breast; and as I again and again strewed
+fresh lotus couches, and anointed him with sandal, and removed the
+perspiration, and constantly fanned him, the thought arose in my mind,
+'Surely nothing is too hard for Love! For how far apart would seem
+Pundarika, by nature simple and content with his woodland home, like
+a fawn, and Maha�veta, the Gandharva princess, a galaxy of graces:
+surely there is nothing for Love in the world hard, or difficult, or
+unsubdued, or impossible. He scornfully attempts the hardest tasks,
+nor can any resist him. For why speak of beings endowed with sense
+when, if it so please him, he can bring together even things without
+sense? For the night lotus-bed falls in love with the sun's ray,
+and the day-lotus leaves her hatred of the moon, and night is joined
+to day, (311) and moonlight waits on darkness, and shade stands in
+the face of light, and lightning stays firm in the cloud, and old age
+accompanies youth; and what more difficult thing can there be than that
+one like Pundarika, who is an ocean of unfathomable depth, should thus
+be brought to the lightness of grass? Where is his former penance, and
+where his present state? Truly it is a cureless ill that has befallen
+him! What must I now do or attempt, or whither go, or what refuge or
+resource, or help or remedy, or plan, or recourse, is there by which
+his life may be sustained? Or by what skill, or device, or means,
+or support, or thought, or solace, may he yet live?' These and other
+such thoughts arose in my downcast heart. But again I thought, 'What
+avails dwelling on this useless thought? His life must be preserved
+by any means, good or bad, (312) and there is no other way to save it
+but by her union with him; and as he is timid by reason of his youth,
+and moreover thinks the affairs of love contrary to his vow, unseemly,
+and a mockery in himself, he certainly, even at his last breath, will
+not gratify his longing by himself approaching her. This his disease
+of love admits no delay. Good men always hold that a friend's life
+must be saved even by a blameworthy deed; so that though this is a
+shameful and wrong action, it has yet become imperative for me. What
+else can be done? What other course is there? I will certainly go to
+her. I will tell her his state.' Thus thinking, I left the place on
+some pretext, and came hither without telling him, lest perchance
+he should feel that I was engaged in an unseemly employment, and
+should in shame hold me back. This being the state of affairs,
+thou, lady, art the judge of what action is needful for the time,
+worthy of so great a love, fitting for my coming, and right for
+thyself." With these words he became silent, fixing his eyes on my
+face to see what I should say. But I, having heard him, was plunged,
+as it were, into a lake of ambrosial joy, or immersed in an ocean
+of the sweets of love, floating above all joys, mounting to the
+pinnacle of all desires, resting at the utmost bound of gladness. I
+showed my happiness by joyful tears pouring clear, large, and heavy,
+because my eyelashes were not closed, strung like a garland by their
+unceasing succession, and not touching my cheek, because my face was
+somewhat bent in sudden shame; (313) and I thought at once: "0 joy,
+that Love entangles him as well as me, so that even while tormenting
+me, he has in part showed me kindness; and if Pundarika is indeed in
+such a plight, what help has not Love given me, or what has he not
+done for me, or what friend is like him, or how could a false tale,
+even in sleep, pass the lips of the calm-souled Kapi�jala? And if this
+be so, what must I do, and what must I say in his presence?" While
+I was thus deliberating, a portress hastily entered, and said to me:
+"Princess, the Queen has learnt from her attendants that thou art ill,
+and is now coming." On hearing this, Kapi�jala, fearing the contact
+of a great throng, quickly rose, saying: "Princess, a cause of great
+delay has arisen. The sun, the crest-jewel of the three worlds, is
+now sinking, so I will depart. But I raise my hands in salutation as
+a slight offering for the saving of my dear friend's life; that is
+my greatest treasure." (314) Then, without awaiting my reply, he with
+difficulty departed, for the door was blocked by the entrance of the
+attendants that heralded my Lady Mother. There were the portresses
+bearing golden staves; the chamberlains with unguents, cosmetics,
+flowers, and betel, holding waving cowries; and in their train were
+humpbacks, barbarians, deaf men, eunuchs, dwarfs, and deaf mutes.
+
+'"'Then the Queen came to me, and after a long visit, went home;
+but I observed nothing of what she did, said, or attempted while
+with me, for my heart was far away. When she went the sun, with his
+steeds bright as haritala pigeons, lord of life to the lotuses, and
+friend of the cakravakas, had sunk to rest, and the face of the West
+was growing crimson, and the lotus-beds were turning green, and the
+East was darkening to blue; and the world of mortals was overcome
+by a blackness like a wave of the ocean of final destruction turbid
+with the mud of hell. I knew not what to do, and asked Taralika,
+"Seest thou not, Taralika, how confused is my mind? My senses are
+bewildered with uncertainty, and I am unable myself to see in the
+least what I should do. (315) Do thou tell me what is right to do, for
+Kapi�jala is now gone, and he told his tale in thy presence. What if,
+like a base-born maiden, I cast away shame, relinquish self-control,
+desert modesty, contemn the reproach of men, transgress good behaviour,
+trample on conduct, despise noble birth, accept the disgrace of a
+course blinded by love, and without my father's leave, or my mother's
+approval, I were to go to him myself and offer him my hand? This
+transgression against my parents would be a great wrong. But if,
+taking the other alternative, I follow duty, I shall in the first
+place accept death, and even so I shall break the heart of his
+reverence Kapi�jala, who loved him first, and who came hither of
+his own accord. And again, if perchance that man's death is brought
+about by my deed in destroying his hopes, then causing the death of
+an ascetic would be a grave sin." While I thus considered, the East
+became gray with the glimmering light of moonrise, like a line of
+woods in spring with the pollen of flowers. And in the moonlight the
+eastern quarter showed white as if with the powdered pearls from the
+frontal bone of the elephant of darkness torn open by the lion-moon,
+(316) or pale with sandal-dust falling from the breast of the nymphs
+of the eastern mountain, or light with the rising of sand in an
+island left by the tide, stirred by the wind on the waves of the
+ever-moving ocean. Slowly the moonlight glided down, and made bright
+the face of night, as if it were the flash of her teeth as she softly
+smiled at the sight of the moon; then evening shone with the moon's
+orb, as if it were the circle of �esha's hoods breaking through the
+earth as it rose from hell; after that, night became fair with the
+moon, the gladdener of the world of mortals, the delight of lovers,
+now leaving its childhood behind and becoming the ally of Love,
+with a youthful glow arising within it, the only fitting light for
+the enjoyment of Love's pleasures, ambrosial, climbing the sky like
+youth impersonate. Then I beheld the risen moon as if flushed with
+the coral of the ocean it had just left, crimsoned with the blood
+of its deer struck by the paw of the lion of the Eastern Mountain,
+marked with the lac of Rohini's [274] feet, as she spurned her lord
+in a love quarrel, (317) and ruddy with his newly-kindled glow. And
+I, though the fire of Love burnt within me, had my heart darkened;
+though my body rested on the lap of Taralika, I was a captive in the
+hands of Love; though my eyes were fixed on the moon, I was looking
+on death, and I straightway thought, "There are the honey-month, the
+Malaya winds, and all other such things brought together, and in the
+same place to have this evil miscreant moon cannot be endured. My
+heart cannot bear it. Its rising now is like a shower of coals to
+one consumed by fever, or a fall of snow to one ill from cold, or the
+bite of a black snake to one faint with the swelling of poison." And
+as I thus thought, a swoon closed my eyes, like the sleep brought
+by moonlight that withers the lotuses of the day. Soon, however, I
+regained consciousness by means of the fanning and sandal unguents
+of the bewildered Taralika, and I saw her weeping, her face dimmed
+with ceaseless tears, pressing the point of a moist moonstone to my
+brow, and seeming possessed by despair impersonate. As I opened my
+eyes, she fell at my feet, and said, raising hands yet wet with the
+thick sandal ointment: "Princess, why think of shame or disrespect to
+parents? Be kind; send me, and I will fetch the beloved of thy heart;
+(318) rise, or go thither thyself. Henceforth thou canst not bear
+this Love that is an ocean whose manifold passionate waves [275]
+are swelling at the rise of a strong moon." To this speech I replied:
+"Mad girl, what is love to me? The moon it is, even the lord of the
+night lotuses, who removes all scruples, undermines all search for
+means of escape, conceals all difficulties, takes away all doubts,
+contemns all fears, roots out all shame, veils the sinful levity of
+going myself to my lover, avoids all delay, and has come merely to
+lead me either to Pundarika or to death. Rise, therefore; for while I
+have life I will follow him and honour him who, dear as he is, tortures
+my heart." Thus saying, I rose, leaning on her, for my limbs were yet
+unsteady with the weakness of the swoon caused by Love, and as I rose
+my right eye throbbed, presaging ill, and in sudden terror I thought:
+"What new thing is this threatened by Destiny?"
+
+(319) '"'The firmament was now flooded with moonlight, as if the
+moon's orb, which had not yet risen far, was, like the waterpipe
+of the temple of the universe, discharging a thousand streams of
+the heavenly Ganges, pouring forth the waves of an ambrosial ocean,
+shedding many a cascade of sandal-juice, and bearing floods of nectar;
+the world seemed to learn what life was in the White Continent,
+and the pleasures of seeing the land of Soma; the round earth was
+being poured out from the depths of a Milky Ocean by the moon, which
+was like the rounded tusk of the Great Boar; the moonrise offerings
+were being presented in every house by the women with sandal-water
+fragrant with open lotuses; the highways were crowded with thousands
+of women-messengers sent by fair ladies; girls going to meet their
+lovers ran hither and thither, veiled in blue silk and fluttered
+by the dread of the bright moonlight as if they were the nymphs of
+the white day lotus groves concealed in the splendours of the blue
+lotuses; the sky became an alluvial island in the river of night, with
+its centre whitened by the thick pollen of the groves of open night
+lotuses; while the night lotus-beds in the house-tanks were waking,
+encircled by bees which clung to every blossom; (320) the world of
+mortals was, like the ocean, unable to contain the joy of moonrise,
+and seemed made of love, of festivity, of mirth, and of tenderness:
+evening was pleasant with the murmur of peacocks garrulous in gladness
+at the cascade that fell from the waterpipes of moonstone.
+
+'"'Taralika accompanied me, holding powders, perfumes, unguents,
+betel, and various flowers, and I had also that napkin, wet with
+the sandal ointment which had been applied in my swoon, and which
+had its nap slightly disordered and gray with the partly-dried
+mark of sandalwood clinging to it; the rosary was on my neck; the
+parijata spray was kissing the tip of my ear; veiled in red silk
+that seemed fashioned from rays of rubies, I went down from the top
+of that palace, unseen by any of my devoted attendants. On my way I
+was pursued by a swarm of bees, which hastened, leaving lotus-beds
+and deserting gardens, drawn by the scent of the parijata spray,
+sportively forming a blue veil round me. I departed through the door
+of the pleasure-grove and set out to meet Pundarika. (321) As I went,
+I thought, seeing myself attended by Taralika only: "What needs pomp
+of retinue when we seek our dearest! Surely our servants then but
+play a mockery of attendance, for Love follows me with shaft fitted
+to the strung bow; the moon, stretching out a long ray, [276] draws
+me on like a hand; passion supports me at every step from fear of
+a fall; my heart rushes on with the senses, leaving shame behind;
+longing has gained certainty, and leads me on." Aloud I said: "Oh,
+Taralika, would that this miscreant moon would with its beams seize
+him by the hair and draw him forward like myself!" As I thus spoke,
+she smilingly replied: "Thou art foolish, my princess! What does
+the moon want with Pundarika? Nay, rather, he himself, as though
+wounded by Love, does all these things for thee; for under the guise
+of his image he kisses thy cheeks marked with drops of perspiration;
+with trembling ray he falls on thy fair breast; he touches the gems
+of thy girdle; entangled in thy bright nails, he falls at thy feet;
+moreover, the form of this lovesick moon wears the pallor of a sandal
+unguent dried by fever; (322) he stretches out his rays [277] white
+as lotus-fibres; under the guise of his reflection he falls on crystal
+pavements; with rays [278] gray as the dust from the filaments inside
+the ketaki, he plunges into lotus-pools; he touches with his beams
+[279] the moonstones wet with spray; he hates the day lotus-groves
+with their pairs of cakravakas once severed." With such discourse
+fitting for the time I approached that spot in her company. I then
+bathed my feet, gray with pollen from the creeper flowers on our path,
+in a spot near Kapi�jala's abode which had a stream of moonstone,
+liquefied by moonrise, flowing from Kailasa's slope; and there,
+on the left bank of the lake, I heard the sound of a man's weeping,
+softened by distance. Some fear had arisen within me at first, from
+the quivering of my right eye, and now that my heart was yet more
+torn by this cry, as if my downcast mind were telling some dreadful
+tidings within, I cried in terror: "Taralika, what means this?" And
+with trembling limbs I breathlessly hastened on.
+
+'"'Then I heard afar a bitter cry, clear in the calm of night: "Alas,
+I am undone! I am consumed! I am deceived! What is this that has
+befallen me? What has happened? I am uprooted! (323) Cruel demon Love,
+evil and pitiless, what shameful deed hast thou brought to pass? Ah,
+wicked, evil, wanton Maha�veta, how had he harmed thee? Ah, evil,
+wanton, monstrous [280] moon, thou hast gained thy desire. Cruel
+soft breeze of the South, thy softness is gone, and thy will is
+fulfilled. That which was to be done is done. Go now as thou wilt! Ah,
+venerable �vetaketu, tender to thy son, thou knowest not that thy
+life is stolen from thee! Dharma, thou art dispossessed! Penance,
+thou art protectorless! Eloquence, thou art widowed! Truth, thou art
+lordless! Heaven, thou art void! Friend, protect me! Yet I will follow
+thee! I cannot remain even a moment without thee, alone! How canst thou
+now suddenly leave me, and go thy way like a stranger on whom my eyes
+had never rested? Whence comes this thy great hardness? Say, whither,
+without thee, shall I go? Whom shall I implore? What refuge shall I
+seek? I am blinded! For me space is empty! Life is aimless, penance
+vain, the world void of joy! With whom shall I wander, to whom speak,
+with whom hold converse? Do thou arise! Grant me an answer. Friend,
+where is thine old love to me? Where that smiling welcome that never
+failed me?"
+
+(324) '"'Such were the words I heard Kapi�jala utter; and as I heard
+them I uttered a loud cry, while yet far off, as if my life had fallen;
+and with my silk cloak torn as it clung to the creepers by the lake's
+bank, and my feet placed on the ground regardless of its being rough
+or even, and as hastily as I could, I went on to that place, stumbling
+at every step, and yet as if led on by one who lifted me up again.
+
+'"'There I beheld Pundarika lying on a couch made on a slab of
+moonstone wet with showers of cool spray, close to the lake; it
+was made of lotus-fibres like a garland of tender flowers from
+all lilies, and seemed to be formed wholly of the points of Love's
+arrows. Pundarika seemed from his great stillness to be listening for
+the sound of my step. He seemed to have gained a moment's happiness in
+sleep, as if Love's pain had been quenched by inward wrath; he seemed
+engaged in a yoga penance of holding his breath, as an atonement
+for his breach of ascetic duty; he seemed to murmur, with bright yet
+trembling lip: "By thy deed am I come to this pass." He seemed pierced
+by the moonbeams which, under the guise of his bright finger-nails
+placed on a heart throbbing with Love's fire, fell on his back as he
+lay averted in hatred of the moon. (325) He bore a mark on his brow
+of a line of sandal, which, by its being pale from dryness, was like
+a digit of Love's waning moon portending his own destruction. Life
+seemed to leave him in anger, saying: "Fool, another is dearer to thee
+than I!" His eyes were not wholly closed; their pupils were slightly
+turned to look; they were red with ceaseless weeping; they seemed to
+drop blood, since by failure of breath his tears were exhausted; and
+they were partly curved in pain at Love's darts. He now experienced
+the pain of unconsciousness, as if together with the torment of love he
+were also yielding life itself; he seemed to meditate a new version of
+Love's mystery, and to practise an unwonted retention of breath. His
+life seemed to be carried off as a prize [281] by Love, who had in
+kindness arranged my coming. On his brow was a sandal tripundraka mark;
+he wore a sacrificial thread of juicy lotus-fibre; his dress clung
+to his shoulder beautiful as the leaf that ensheathes a plantain;
+his rosary had only the thickness of a single row; [282] the ashes on
+his brow were of abundant white camphor-powder; he was fair with the
+string of lotus-fibre, bound on his arm as an amulet; he seemed to wear
+the garb of Love's vow, as if completing a charm for my coming. With
+his eye he tenderly uttered the reproach: "Hard-hearted! I was but
+followed by one glance, and never again received thy favour." (326)
+His lips were slightly open, so that his form gleamed white in the
+rays of his teeth, which came forth as if they were moonbeams that
+had entered him to take away his life; with his left hand placed on
+a heart breaking with the pain of love, he seemed to say: "Be kind,
+depart not with my life, thou that art dear as life!" and so to hold
+me firmly in his heart; his right hand, which from the uneven rays
+of his nails jutting forth seemed to drop sandal, was raised as if to
+ward off the moonlight; near him stood his pitcher, the friend of his
+penance, with neck upright, as if it gazed at the path by which his
+life was just rising; the garland of lotus-fibres which adorned his
+neck bound him as if with a rope of moonbeams to lead him to another
+world; and when, at the sight of me, Kapi�jala, with a cry of "Help,
+help!" raised his hands, and crying aloud with redoubled tears, fell
+on his neck, at that very moment I, wicked and ill-fated as I was,
+beheld that noble youth yield up his life. The darkness of a swoon came
+upon me, and I descended into hell; nor knew I anything of whither
+I then went, or what I did or said. Neither knew I why my life did
+not at that moment leave me; (327) whether from the utter hardness
+of my stupefied heart, or from the callousness to bear thousands
+of troubles of my wretched body, or from being fated to endure a
+long grief, or from being a vessel of evil earned in another birth,
+or from the skill of my cruel destiny in bestowing sorrow, or from
+the singular perversity of malign accursed love. Only this I know:
+that when at length in my misery I regained consciousness, I found
+myself writhing on the ground, tortured, as if I had fallen on a fire,
+by a grief too hard to bear. I could not believe aught so impossible
+as that he should die and I yet live, and rising with a bitter cry of
+"Alas, what is this--mother, father, friends?" I exclaimed: "Ah, my
+Lord, thou who upholdest my life, speak to me! Whither goest thou,
+pitilessly leaving me alone and protectorless? Ask Taralika what I
+have suffered for thy sake. Hardly have I been able to pass the day,
+drawn out into a thousand ages. Be gracious! Utter but one word! Show
+tenderness to her that loves thee! Look but a little on me! Fulfil
+my longing! I am wretched! I am loyal! I am thine in heart! I am
+lordless! I am young! I am helpless! I am unhappy! I am bereft of
+other refuge! I am vanquished by Love! Why showest thou no pity? Say
+what I have done or left undone, what command I have neglected,
+or in what thing pleasing to thee I have not shown affection, that
+thou art wroth. (328) Fearest thou not the reproach of men in that
+thou goest, deserting me, thy handmaid, without cause? Yet why think
+of me, perverse and wicked, and skilled to deceive by false shows of
+love! Alas, I yet live! Alas, I am accursed and undone! For why? I
+have neither thee, nor honour, nor kinsfolk, nor heaven. Shame on
+me, a worker of evil deeds, for whose sake this fate hath befallen
+thee. There is none of so murderous a heart as I who went home,
+leaving one so peerless as thou. What to me were home, mother,
+father, kinsfolk, followers? Alas, to what refuge shall I flee? Fate,
+show pity to me! I entreat thee. Lady of destiny, give me a boon of
+mercy! Show compassion! Protect a lordless lady! Ye woodland goddesses,
+be kind! Give back his life! Help, Earth, that bringest favours to
+all! Night, showest thou no mercy? Father Kailasa, thy protection
+I implore. Show thy wonted pity!" Such were my laments, so far as
+I remember, and I murmured incoherently as one held by a demon,
+or possessed or mad, or struck down by an evil spirit. In the tears
+that fell in torrents upon me I was turned to water, I melted away,
+I took upon me a shape of water; my laments, followed by the sharp
+rays of my teeth, fell as if with showers of tears; (329) my hair,
+with its flowers ever falling, seemed to shed teardrops, and my
+very ornaments by the tears of pure gemlight that sprang from them
+seemed to raise their lament. I longed for my own death as for his
+life; I yearned to enter his heart with my whole soul, dead though
+he were; with my hand I touched his cheeks, and his brow with the
+roots of his hair, white with dry sandal, and his shoulders with the
+lotus-fibres on them, and his heart covered with lotus-leaves and
+flecks of sandal-juice. With the tender reproach, "Thou art cruel,
+Pundarika! Thou carest nought that I am thus wretched!" I again
+sought to win him back. I again embraced him, I again clasped his
+neck, and wept aloud. Then I rebuked that string of pearls, saying:
+"Ah, wicked one, couldst not even thou have preserved his life till
+my coming?" Then again I fell at Kapi�jala's feet with the prayer,
+"Be kind, my lord; restore him to life!" and again, clinging to
+Taralika's neck, I wept. Even now, when I think of it, I know
+not how these piteous, tender words came forth from my ill-fated
+heart--words all unthought, unlearnt, untaught, unseen before;
+nor whence these utterances arose; nor whence these heart-rending
+cries of despair. My whole being was changed. (330) For there rose a
+deluge wave of inward tears, the springs of weeping were set loose,
+the buds of wailing came forth, the peaks of sorrow grew lofty and
+a long line of madness was begun.' And so, as she thus told her own
+tale, she seemed again to taste the bitterness of that former plight,
+so cruel, and so hardly endured, and a swoon bereft her of sense. In
+the force of her swoon she fell on the rock, and Candrapida hastily
+stretched out his hand, like her servant, and supported her, full of
+sorrow. At length he brought her back to consciousness by fanning
+her with the edge of her own bark garment, wet with tears. Filled
+with pity, and with his cheeks bathed in tears, he said to her,
+as she came to life: 'Lady, it is by my fault that thy grief has
+been brought back to its first freshness, and that thou hast come to
+this pass. Therefore no more of this tale. Let it be ended. Even I
+cannot bear to hear it. For the story even of past sorrow endured by
+a friend pains us as if we ourselves were living through it. [283]
+Thou wilt not therefore surely place on the fire of grief that life
+so precious and so hardly preserved?' (331) Thus addressed, with a
+long, hot sigh and eyes dissolved in tears, she despairingly replied:
+'Prince, even in that dreadful night my hated life did not desert me;
+[284] it is not likely that it will leave me now. Even blessed Death
+turns away his eyes from one so ill-fated and wicked. Whence could
+one so hard-hearted feel grief? all this can be but feigned in a
+nature so vile. But be that as it may, that shameless heart has
+made me chief among the shameless. For to one so adamantine as to
+have seen love in all his power, and yet to have lived through this,
+what can mere speaking of it matter?
+
+'"'Or what could there be harder to tell than this very thing, which
+is supposed to be impossible to hear or say? I will at least briefly
+tell the marvel that followed on that thunderbolt, and I will tell,
+too, what came as a tiny dim cause of my prolonging my life, which by
+its mirage so deludes me that I bear about a hated body, almost dead,
+alien to me, burdensome, unfitted to my needs, and thankless for my
+care. That shall suffice. Afterwards, in a sudden change [285] of
+feeling, with resolve firmly set on death, lamenting bitterly, I cried
+to Taralika: "Rise, cruel-hearted girl; how long wilt thou weep? Bring
+together wood and make a pile. I will follow the lord of my life."
+
+(332) '"'Straightway a being swiftly left the moon's orb and descended
+from the sky. Behind him he trailed a silken vesture hanging from
+his crest, white as the foam of nectar, and waving in the wind;
+his cheeks were reddened with the bright gems that swayed in his
+ears; on his breast he bore a radiant necklace, from the size of its
+pearls like a cluster of stars; his turban was tied with strips of
+white silk; his head was thick with curling locks, and dark as bees;
+his earring was an open moon lotus; on his shoulder was the impress
+of the saffron lines that adorned his wives; he was white as a moon
+lotus, lofty in stature, endowed with all the marks of greatness, and
+godlike in form; he seemed to purify space by the light shed round him
+clear as pure water, and to anoint it as by a thick frost with a dewy
+ambrosial shower that created a chill as he shed it from his limbs,
+cool and fragrant, and to besprinkle it with a rich store of go�irsha
+[286] sandal-juice.
+
+'"'With arms sturdy as the trunk of Airavata, and fingers white as
+lotus-fibres and cool to the touch, he lifted my dead lord, (333)
+and, in a voice deep as a drum, he said to me: "Maha�veta, my child,
+thou must not die; for thou shalt again be united with him!" And with
+these words, tender as a father's, he flew into the sky with Pundarika.
+
+'"'But this sudden event filled me with fear, dismay, and eager
+anxiety, and with upraised face I asked Kapi�jala what it might
+mean. He, however, started up hastily without replying, and with the
+cry, "Monster, whither goest thou with my friend?" with uplifted eyes
+and sudden wrath he hastily girt up his loins, and following him in
+his flight, in hot pursuit he rose into the sky; and while I yet gazed
+they all entered amongst the stars. But the departure of Kapi�jala was
+to me like a second death of my beloved, and it redoubled my grief,
+so that my heart was rent asunder. Bewildered what to do, I cried
+to Taralika: "Knowest thou not? Tell me what this means!" But she,
+with all a woman's timidity at the sight, was at that very moment
+trembling in all her limbs, overcome by a fear stronger than her grief,
+and was frightened, moreover, by the dread of my death; and so with
+downcast heart she piteously replied: "Princess, wretch that I am,
+I know not! Yet this is a great miracle. The man is of no mortal
+mould, and thou wert pityingly comforted by him in his flight as by a
+father. Such godlike beings are not wont to deceive us, even in sleep,
+much less face to face; and when I think it over I cannot see the
+least cause for his speaking falsely. (334) It is meet, therefore,
+that thou shouldst weigh it, and restrain thy longing for death. In
+thy present state it is in truth a great ground for comfort. Moreover,
+Kapi�jala has gone in pursuit of Pundarika. From him thou canst learn
+whence and who this being is, and why Pundarika on his death was by
+him raised and carried off, and whither he is carried, and wherefore
+thou wert consoled by him with the boon of a hope of reunion that
+exceeds thought; then thou canst devote thyself either to life or
+death. For when death is resolved upon, it is easy to compass. But
+this can wait; for Kapi�jala, if he lives, will certainly not rest
+without seeing thee; therefore let thy life be preserved till his
+return." Thus saying, she fell at my feet. And I, from the thirst
+for life that mortals find so hard to overcome, and from the weakness
+of woman's nature, and from the illusion his words had created, and
+from my anxiety for Kapi�jala's return, thought that that plan was
+best for the time, and did not die. For what will not hope achieve?
+
+'"'That night I spent in Taralika's company on the bank of the lake. To
+my wretchedness it was like a night of doom, [287] drawn out to a
+thousand years, all torment, all grief, all hell, all fire. (335)
+Sleep was rooted out, and I tossed on the ground; my face was hidden
+by the loosened and dishevelled tresses that clung to my cheeks,
+wet with tears and gray with dust, and my throat was weak, for my
+voice failed, broken with piteous weeping.
+
+'"'At dawn I arose and bathed in the lake, and having formed my
+resolve, I took, for love of Pundarika, his pitcher and his bark
+garments and his rosary; for I clearly knew the worthlessness of the
+world. I perceived my own lack of merit; I pictured to myself the
+remediless cruelty of the blows of fate; I pondered the inevitableness
+of grief; I beheld the harshness of destiny; I meditated the course
+of love, rich in sorrow; I learnt the inconstancy of earthly things;
+I considered the frailness of all joys. Father and mother were
+disregarded; kinsfolk and followers abandoned; the joys of earth were
+banished from my mind; the senses held in firm restraint.
+
+'"'I took the ascetic vow, and sought the protection of �iva, lord
+of the three worlds and helper of the helpless. Next day my father
+came, having somehow learnt my story, bringing with him my mother and
+kinsfolk. Long he wept, and strove with all his might and by every
+means--prayers, admonitions, and tender words of every kind--to lead
+me home. (336) And when he understood my firm resolve, and knew that I
+could not be turned from that infatuation, he could not, even though
+without hope, part with his love for his child; and though I often
+bade him go, he stayed for some days, and went home at length full
+of grief, and with his heart hot within him.
+
+'"'After his going, it was only by empty tears that I could show
+my gratitude to my lord; by many a penance I wasted my hated body,
+worn away by love of him, rich in ill, devoid of shame, ill-omened,
+and the home of a thousand tortures of grief; I lived but on water
+and the roots and fruits of the wood; under the guise of telling
+my beads I counted his virtues; thrice a day I bathed in the lake;
+I daily worshipped �iva, and in this cell I dwelt with Taralika,
+tasting the bitterness of a long grief. Such am I, evil, ill-omened,
+shameless, cruel, cold, murderous, contemptible, useless, fruitless,
+helpless, and joyless. (337) Why should one so noble as thou deign
+to look on or speak with me, the doer of that monstrous crime, the
+slaughter of a Brahman?' Thus saying, she covered her face with the
+white edge of her bark garment, as if veiling the moon with a fleck
+of autumn cloud, and, unable to quell the irresistible torrent of
+her tears, she gave way to her sobs, and began to weep loud and long.
+
+'"From the very first Candrapida had been filled with reverence
+by her beauty, modesty, and courtesy; by the charm of her speech,
+her unselfishness and her austerity; and by her serenity, humility,
+dignity, and purity. But now he was carried away both by the story of
+her life, which showed her noble character, and by her devoted spirit,
+and a fresh tenderness arose in him. With softened heart he gently
+said: 'Lady, those may weep who fear pain, and are devoid of gratitude,
+and love pleasure, for they are unable to do anything worthy of love,
+and show their affection merely by vain tears. But thou who hast
+done all rightly, what duty of love hast thou left undone, that thou
+weepest? For Pundarika's sake, thy kinsfolk who from thy birth have
+been around thee, dear as they were, have been forsaken as if they
+were strangers. (338) Earthly pleasures, though at thy feet, have
+been despised and reckoned light as grass. The joys of power, though
+their riches excelled the empire of Indra, have been resigned. Thy
+form has been emaciated by dread penances, even though by nature it
+was slender as a lotus-stalk. Thou hast taken the ascetic vow. Thy
+soul has been devoted to great penance. Thou hast dwelt in the woods,
+hard though it be for a woman. Moreover, life is easily resigned by
+those whom sorrow has overwhelmed, but it needs a greater effort not
+to throw away life in heavy grief. This following another to death is
+most vain! It is a path followed by the ignorant! It is a mere freak
+of madness, a path of ignorance, an enterprise of recklessness, a view
+of baseness, a sign of utter thoughtlessness, and a blunder of folly,
+that one should resign life on the death of father, brother, friend,
+or husband. If life leaves us not of itself, we must not resign
+it. For this leaving of life, if we examine it, is merely for our
+own interest, because we cannot bear our own cureless pain. To the
+dead man it brings no good whatever. For it is no means of bringing
+him back to life, or heaping up merit, or gaining heaven for him,
+or saving him from hell, or seeing him again, or being reunited with
+him. (339) For he is led helplessly, irresistibly to another state
+meet for the fruits of his own deeds. And yet he shares in the guilt
+of the friend who has killed himself. But a man who lives on can help
+greatly, by offerings of water and the like, both the dead man and
+himself; but by dying he helps neither. Remember how Rati, the sole
+and beloved wife of Love, when her noble husband, who won the hearts
+of all women, was burnt up by the fire of �iva, yet did not yield
+her life; and remember also Kunti, of the race of Vrishni, daughter
+of Surasena, for her lord was Pandu the wise; his seat was perfumed
+by the flowers in the crests of all the kings whom he had conquered
+without an effort, and he received the tribute of the whole earth,
+and yet when he was consumed by Kindama's curse she still remained
+alive. Uttara, too, the young daughter of Virata, on the death of
+Abhimanyu, gentle and heroic, and joyful to the eyes as the young
+moon, yet lived on. And Duh�alya, too, daughter of Dhritarashtra,
+tenderly cared for by her hundred brothers; when Jayadratha, king of
+Sindhu, was slain by Arjuna, fair as he was and great as he had become
+by �iva's [288] gift, yet made no resignation of her life. (340)
+And others are told of by thousands, daughters of Rakshasas, gods,
+demons, ascetics, mortals, siddhas and Gandharvas, who when bereft
+of their husbands yet preserved their lives. Still, where reunion
+is doubtful, life might be yielded. But for thee, thou hast heard
+from that great being a promise of reunion. What doubt can there be
+in a matter of thine own experience, and how could falsehood find
+a place in the words of such noble truth-speaking saints, even when
+there might be greater cause? And what union could there be between
+the dead and the living? Therefore of a surety that wondrous being
+was filled with pity and carried away Pundarika to heaven solely
+to bring him back to life. For the power of great men transcends
+thought. Life has many aspects. Destiny is manifold. Those skilled in
+penance are fitted for wondrous miracles. Many are the forms of power
+gained by previous actions. Moreover, however subtly we may consider
+the matter, what other cause can we imagine for Pundarika's being
+taken away, but the gift of fresh life. And this, thou must know,
+is not impossible. It is a path often trodden. (341) For Pramadvara,
+daughter of Vi�vavasu, king of the Gandharvas and Menaka, lost her
+life through a poisonous snake at the hermitage of Sthulake�a, and
+the young ascetic Ruru, son of Pramati and grandson of the Bhrigu
+Cyavana, provided her with half his own life. And when Arjuna was
+following the A�vamedha steed, he was pierced in the van of the
+battle by an arrow from his own son Babhruvahana, and a Naga maiden,
+Ulupa, brought him back to life. When Parikshit, Abhimanyu's son,
+was consumed by A�vatthama's fiery dart, though he had already died
+at birth, Krishna, filled with pity by Uttara's lament, restored
+his precious life. And at Ujjayini, he whose steps are honoured
+by the three worlds, carried off from the city of death the son of
+Sandipani the Brahman, and brought him back. [289] And in thy case,
+too, the same will somehow come to pass. For by thy present grief,
+what is effected or what won? Fate is all-powerful. Destiny is
+strong. We cannot even draw a breath at our own will. The freaks of
+that accursed and most harsh destiny are exceeding cruel. A love fair
+in its sincerity is not allowed long to endure; for joys are wont to
+be in their essence frail and unlasting, while sorrows by their nature
+are long-lived. (342) For how hardly are mortals united in one life,
+while in a thousand lives they are separated. Thou canst not surely
+then blame thyself, all undeserving of blame. For these things often
+happen to those who enter the tangled path of transmigration, and it
+is the brave who conquer misfortune.' With such gentle and soothing
+words he consoled her, and made her, albeit reluctantly, bathe her
+face with water brought in his joined hands from the cascade.
+
+'"Straightway the sun began to sink, as if he were leaving the day's
+duties from grief at hearing Maha�veta's story. Then day faded away;
+the sun hung shining red as the pollen of a cluster of priyangu in full
+blossom; the quarters of space were losing the glow of sunset soft
+as silk dyed in the juice of many lotuses; (343) the sky was tinged
+with red, glowing like the pupils of a partridge, [290] while its
+blue was hidden; twilight was reddening and lighting up the earth,
+tawny as a pigeon's eye; the clusters of stars shone forth, vying
+with each other; the darkness of night was deepening into black,
+and stealing away the broad path of the stars with its form dark as a
+forest buffalo; the woodland avenues seemed massed together as their
+green was hidden by deep gloom; the wind wandered cooled by night-dew,
+with its path tracked by the perfume of the wild flowers as it stirred
+the tangle of trees and creepers; and when night had its birds all
+still in sleep Maha�veta slowly rose, and saying her evening prayers,
+washed her feet with water from the pitcher and sat down with a hot,
+sorrowful sigh on her bark couch. Candrapida, too, rose and poured a
+libation of water strewn with flowers, said his evening prayer, and
+made a couch on the other rock with soft creeper boughs. As he rested
+upon it he went over Maha�veta's story again in his mind. 'This evil
+Love,' thought he, 'has a power hard alike to cure and to endure. For
+even great men, when overcome by him, regard not the course of time,
+but suddenly lose all courage and surrender life. Yet all hail to
+Love, whose rule is honoured throughout the three worlds!' (344)
+And again he asked her: 'She that was thy handmaiden, thy friend in
+the resolve to dwell in the woods, and the sharer of the ascetic vow
+taken in thy sorrow--Taralika, where is she?' 'Noble sir,' she replied,
+'from the race of Apsarases sprung from ambrosia of which I told you,
+there was born a fair-eyed daughter named Madira, [291] who married
+King Citraratha, the king whose footstool was formed of the buds in
+the crests of all the Gandharvas. Charmed by her countless virtues,
+he showed his favour by giving her the title of Chief Queen, bearing
+with it cowrie, sceptre and umbrella, marked by a golden throne,
+and placing all the zenana below her--a woman's rarest glory! And,
+as they pursued together the joys of youth in their utter devotion
+to each other, a priceless daughter was in due time born to them,
+by name Kadambari, most wondrous, the very life of her parents, and
+of the whole Gandharva race, and even of all living beings. From her
+birth she was the friend of my childhood, and shared with me seat,
+couch, meat and drink; on her my deepest love was set, and she was
+the home of all my confidence, and like my other heart. Together we
+learnt to dance and sing, and our childhood passed away free from
+restraint in the sports that belong to it. (345) From sorrow at my
+unhappy story she made a resolve that she would in nowise accept a
+husband while I was still in grief, and before her girl friends she
+took an oath, saying: "If my father should in anywise or at any time
+wish to marry me against my will and by force, I will end my life
+by hunger, fire, cord, or poison." Citraratha himself heard all the
+resolution of his daughter, spoken of positively in the repeated
+gossip of her attendants, and as time went on, seeing that she was
+growing to full youth, he became prey to great vexation, and for a
+time took pleasure in nothing, and yet, as she was his only child and
+he dearly loved her, he could say nothing to her, though he saw no
+other resource. But as he deemed the time now ripe, he considered the
+matter with Queen Madira, and sent the herald Kshiroda to me at early
+dawn with the message: "Dear Maha�veta, our hearts were already burnt
+up by thy sad fate, and now this new thing has come upon us. To thee
+we look to win back Kadambari." Thereupon, in reverence to the words
+of one so respected, and in love to my friend, I sent Taralika with
+Kshiroda to bid Kadambari not add grief to one already sad enough;
+(346) for if she wished me to live she must fulfil her father's words;
+and ere Taralika had been long gone, thou, noble sir, camest to this
+spot.' So saying she was silent.
+
+'"Then the moon arose, simulating by his mark the heart of Maha�veta,
+burnt through by the fire of grief, bearing the great crime of
+the young ascetic's death, showing the long ingrained scar of the
+burning of Daksha's curse, [292] white with thick ashes, and half
+covered by black antelope skin, like the left breast of Durga, the
+crest-jewel of �iva's thick locks. (347) Then at length Candrapida
+beheld Maha�veta asleep, and quietly lay down himself on his leafy
+couch and fell asleep while thinking what Vai�ampayana and sorrowing
+Patralekha and his princely compeers would then be imagining about him.
+
+'"Then at dawn, when Maha�veta had honoured the twilight and was
+murmuring the aghamarshana, and Candrapida had said his morning
+prayer, Taralika was seen coming with a Gandharva boy named Keyuraka
+(348). As she drew near, she looked long at Candrapida, wondering
+who he might be, and approaching Maha�veta, she bowed low and sat
+respectfully by her. Then Keyuraka, with head low bent even from
+afar, took his place on a rock some way off, assigned to him by a
+glance from Maha�veta, and was filled with wonder at the sight of
+Candrapida's marvellous beauty, rare, mocking that of gods, demons,
+Gandharvas, and Vidyadharas, and surpassing even the god of love.
+
+(349) '"When she had finished her prayers, Maha�veta asked Taralika,
+'Didst thou see my dear Kadambari well? and will she do as I
+said?' 'Princess,' said Taralika, in a very sweet voice, with
+head respectfully inclined, 'I saw Princess Kadambari well in all
+respects, and told her all thine advice; and what was her reply,
+when with a continuous stream of thick tears she had heard it, that
+her lute-player Keyuraka, whom she has sent, shall tell thee;' and
+as she ceased Keyuraka said, 'Princess Maha�veta, my lady Kadambari,
+with a close embrace, sends this message, "Is this, that Taralika
+has been sent to tell me, said to please my parents or to test my
+feelings, or to subtly reproach me for my crime in dwelling at home;
+or is it a desire to break our friendship, or a device to desert
+one who loves her, or is it simply anger? Thou knowest that my heart
+overflows with a love that was inborn in me. How wert thou not ashamed
+to send so cruel a message? Thou, erst so soft of speech, from whom
+hast thou learnt to speak unkindness and utter reproach? Who in his
+senses would, even if happy, make up his mind to undertake even a
+slight matter that would end in pain? how much less one like me,
+whose heart is struck down by deep grief? For in a heart worn by a
+friend's sorrow, what hope is there of joy, what contentment, what
+pleasures or what mirth? (350) How should I fulfil the desire of Love,
+poisonous, pitiless, unkind, who has brought my dear friend to so
+sad a plight? Even the hen cakravaka, when the lotus-beds are widowed
+by the sun's setting, renounces from the friendship that arises from
+dwelling among them, the joys of union with her lord; how much more,
+then, should women! While my friend dwells day and night sorrowing
+for the loss of her lord and avoiding the sight of mankind, how
+could anyone else enter my heart; and while my friend in her sorrow
+tortures herself with penances and suffers great pain, how could I
+think so lightly of that as to seek my own happiness and accept a
+husband, or how could any happiness befall me? For from love of thee
+I have in this matter accepted disgrace by embracing an independent
+life contrary to the wont of maidens. I have despised noble breeding,
+transgressed my parent's commands, set at nought the gossip of mankind,
+thrown away modesty, a woman's inborn grace; how, tell me, should such
+a one go back? Therefore I salute thee, I bow before thee, I embrace
+thy feet; be gracious to me. As thou hast gone hence into the forest,
+taking my life with thee, make not this request in thy mind, even in
+a dream."' (351) Thus having said, he became silent, and Maha�veta
+thought long, and then dismissed Keyuraka, saying, 'Do thou depart;
+I will go to her and do what is fitting.' On his departure she said
+to Candrapida, 'Prince, Hemakuta is pleasant and the royal city of
+Citraratha marvellous; the Kinnara country is curious, the Gandharva
+world beautiful, and Kadambari is noble and generous of heart. If
+thou deemest not the journey too tedious, if no serious business is
+hindered, if thy mind is curious to behold rare sights, if thou art
+encouraged by my words, if the sight of wonders gives thee joy, if
+thou wilt deign to grant my request, if thou thinkest me worthy of
+not being denied, if any friendship has grown up between us, or if
+I am deserving of thy favour, then thou canst not disdain to fulfil
+this prayer. Thou canst go hence with me, and see not only Hemakuta,
+that treasure of beauty, but my second self, Kadambari; and having
+removed this foolish freak of hers, thou canst rest for one day,
+and return hither the next morn. For by the sight of thy kindness so
+freely [293] given, my grief has become bearable, since I have told
+thee my story, breathed out as it was from a heart long overwhelmed
+with the darkness of grief. (352) For the presence of the good gives
+joy even to those who are sad at heart, and a virtue springs from
+such as thou art that wholly tends to make others happy.'
+
+'"'Lady,' replied Candrapida, 'from the first moment of seeing thee
+I have been devoted to thy service. Let thy will be imposed without
+hesitation'; so saying, he started in her company.
+
+'"In due time he reached Hemakuta, the royal city of the Gandharvas,
+and passing through the seven inner courts with their golden arches,
+the prince approached the door of the maidens' dwelling. Escorted
+by porters, who ran forward at the sight of Maha�veta, bowing while
+yet far off, and holding their golden staves, he entered and beheld
+the inside of the maidens' palace. It seemed a new woman's world,
+consisting wholly of women in countless numbers, as if the womankind
+of the three worlds had been gathered together to make such a total;
+or it might be a fresh manless creation, a yet unborn continent of
+girls, a fifth women's era, a fresh race created by Prajapati out of
+hatred for men, or a treasury of women prepared for the making of many
+yugas. The wave of girlish beauty which surrounded it on all sides,
+which flooded space, sprinkled nectar on the day, rained splendour on
+the interstices of the world, and shone lustrous as an emerald, made
+the place all aglow as if with thousands of moons; (353) it seemed
+modelled in moonlight; jewels made another sky; service was done by
+bright glances; every part was made for youthful pleasures; here was
+an assemblage for Rati's sports, a material for Love's practice; here
+the entrance of all was made smooth by Love; here all was affection,
+beauty, the supreme deity of passion, the arrows of Love, here all
+was wonder, marvel, and tenderness of youth. (356) When he had gone a
+little way in he heard the pleasant talk of the maidens round Kadambari
+as they wandered hither and thither. Such as 'Lavalika, deck the
+lavali trenches with ketaki pollen. Sagarika, sprinkle jewelled dust
+in the tanks of scented water. Mrinalika, inlay with saffron dust the
+pairs of toy [294] cakravakas in the artificial lotus-beds. Makarika,
+scent the pot-pourri with camphor-juice. Rajanika, place jewelled
+lamps in the dark tamala avenues. Kumudika, cover the pomegranates
+with pearly nets to keep off the birds. Nipunika, draw saffron
+lines on the breasts of the jewelled dolls. Utpalika, sweep with
+golden brooms the emerald arbour in the plaintain house. Kesarika,
+sprinkle with wine the houses of bakul flowers. Malatika, redden with
+red lead the ivory roof of Kama's shrine. Nalinika, give the tame
+kalahamsas lotus-honey to drink. Kadalika, take the tame peacocks to
+the shower-bath. Kamalinika, give some sap from the lotus-fibres to
+the young cakravakas. Cutalatika, give the caged pigeons their meal
+of mango-buds. Pallavika, distribute to the tame haritala pigeons
+some topmost leaves of the pepper-tree. Lavangika, throw some pieces
+of pippali leaves into the partridges' cages. Madhukarika, make some
+flowery ornaments. Mayurika, dismiss the pairs of kinnaras in the
+singing-room. Kandalika, bring up the pairs of partridges to the top
+of the playing hill. Harinika, give the caged parrots and mainas
+their lesson.'
+
+(358) '"Then he beheld Kadambari herself in the midst of her pavilion
+encircled by a bevy of maidens sitting by her, whose glittering gems
+made them like a cluster of kalpa trees. [295] (359) She was resting
+on her bent arms, which lay on a white pillow placed on a small couch
+covered with blue silk; she was fanned by cowrie-bearers, that in the
+motion of their waving arms were like swimmers in the wide-flowing
+stream of her beauty, as if it covered the earth, which was only held
+up by the tusks of Mahavaraha.
+
+'"And as her reflection fell, she seemed on the jewelled pavement
+below to be borne away by serpents; on the walls hard by to be led
+by the guardians of space; on the roof above to be cast upwards by
+the gods; to be received by the pillars into their inmost heart;
+to be drunk in by the palace mirrors, to be lifted to the sky by the
+Vidyadharas scattered in the pavilion, looking down from the roof;
+to be surrounded by the universe concealed in the guise of pictures,
+all thronging together to see her; to be gazed at by the palace itself,
+which had gained a thousand eyes to behold her, in that the eyes of its
+peacocks' tails were outspread as they danced to the clashing of her
+gems; and to be steadily looked on by her own attendants, who seemed
+in their eagerness to behold her to have gained a divine insight.
+
+'"Her beauty bore the impress of awakening love, though but yet in
+promise, and she seemed to be casting childhood aside like a thing
+of no worth.
+
+(365) '"Such was Kadambari as the prince beheld her. Before her was
+seated Keyuraka, loud in praise of Candrapida's beauty, as Kadambari
+questioned him, saying, 'Who is he, and what are his parentage, name,
+appearance, and age? What did he say, and what didst thou reply? How
+long didst thou see him? how has he become so close a friend to
+Maha�veta? and why is he coming hither?'
+
+'"Now, on beholding the moonlike beauty of Kadambari's face, the
+prince's heart was stirred like the tide of ocean. 'Why,' thought he,
+'did not the Creator make all my senses into sight, or what noble
+deed has my eye done that it may look on her unchecked? Surely it is
+a wonder! The Creator has here made a home for every charm! Whence
+have the parts of this exceeding beauty been gathered? Surely from
+the tears that fell from the Creator's eyes in the labour of thought,
+as he gently moulded her with his hands, all the lotuses in the world
+have their birth.'
+
+(366) '"And as he thus thought his eye met hers, and she, thinking,
+'This is he of whom Keyuraka spoke,' let her glance, widened by wonder
+at his exceeding beauty, dwell long and quietly on him. Confused
+by the sight of Kadambari, yet illumined by the brightness of her
+gaze, he stood for a moment like a rock, while at the sight of him a
+thrill rose in Kadambari, her jewels clashed, and she half rose. Then
+love caused a glow, but the excuse was the effort of hastily rising;
+trembling hindered her steps--the hamsas around, drawn by the sound of
+the anklets, got the blame; the heaving of a sigh stirred her robe--it
+was thought due to the wind of the cowries; her hand fell on her heart,
+as if to touch Candrapida's image that had entered in--it pretended to
+cover her bosom; she let fall tears of joy--the excuse was the pollen
+falling from the flowers in her ear. Shame choked her voice--the swarm
+of bees hastening to the lotus sweetness of her mouth was the cause;
+(367) the pain of the first touch of Love's arrow caused a sigh--the
+pain of the ketaki thorns amidst the flowers shared the guilt; a tremor
+shook her hand--keeping off the portress who had come with a message
+was her pretence; and while love was thus entering into Kadambari,
+a second love, as it were, arose, who with her entered the heart
+of Candrapida. For he thought the flash of her jewels but a veil,
+her entrance into his heart a favour, the tinkling of her gems a
+conversation, her capture of all his senses a grace, and contact
+with her bright beauty the fulfilment of all his wishes. Meanwhile
+Kadambari, advancing with difficulty a few steps, affectionately and
+with yearning embraced her friend, who also yearned for the sight
+of her so long delayed; and Maha�veta returned her embrace yet more
+closely, and said, 'Dear Kadambari, in the land of Bharata there is a
+king named Tarapida, who wards off all grief [296] from his subjects,
+and who has impressed his seal on the Four Oceans by the edge of the
+hoofs of his noble steeds; and this his son, named Candrapida, decked
+[297] with the orb of earth resting on the support of his own rock-like
+arms, has, in pursuit of world conquest, approached this land; and
+he, from the moment I first beheld him, has instinctively become my
+friend, though there was nought to make him so; and, though my heart
+was cold from its resignation of all ties, yet he has attracted it by
+the rare and innate nobility of his character. (368) For it is rare
+to find a man of keen mind who is at once true of heart, unselfish in
+friendship, and wholly swayed by courtesy. Wherefore, having beheld
+him, I brought him hither by force. For I thought thou shouldst
+behold as I have done a wonder of Brahma's workmanship, a peerless
+owner of beauty, a supplanter of Lakshmi, earth's joy in a noble lord,
+the surpassing of gods by mortals, the full fruition of woman's eyes,
+the only meeting-place of all graces, the empire of nobility, and the
+mirror of courtesy for men. And my dear friend has often been spoken
+of to him by me. Therefore dismiss shame on the ground of his being
+unseen before, lay aside diffidence as to his being a stranger, cast
+away suspicion rising from his character being unknown, and behave
+to him as to me. He is thy friend, thy kinsman, and thy servant.' At
+these words of hers Candrapida bowed low before Kadambari, and as she
+glanced sideways at him affectionately there fell from her eyes, with
+their beautiful pupils turned towards the corner of their long orbs,
+a flood of joyous tears, as though from weariness. The moonlight of a
+smile, white as nectar, darted forth, as if it were the dust raised
+by the heart as it hastily set out; one eyebrow was raised as if to
+bid the head honour with an answering reverence the guest so dear to
+the heart; (369) her hand crept to her softly parting lips, and might
+seem, as the light of an emerald ring flashed between the fingers,
+to have taken some betel. She bowed diffidently, and then sat down on
+the couch with Maha�veta, and the attendants quickly brought a stool
+with gold feet and a covering of white silk, and placed it near the
+couch, and Candrapida took his seat thereon. To please Maha�veta, the
+portresses, knowing Kadambari's wishes, and having by a hand placed on
+closed lips received an order to stop all sounds, checked on every side
+the sound of pipe, lute and song, and the Magadha women's cry of 'All
+hail!' (370) When the servants had quickly brought water, Kadambari
+herself washed Maha�veta's feet, and, drying them with her robe,
+sat on the couch again; and Madalekha, a friend worthy of Kadambari,
+dear as her own life and the home of all her confidence, insisted
+on washing Candrapida's feet, unwilling though he were. Maha�veta
+meanwhile asked Kadambari how she was, and lovingly touched with her
+hand the corner of her friend's eyes, which shone with the reflected
+light of her earrings; she lifted the flowers in Kadambari's ear,
+all covered with bees, and softly stroked the coils of her hair,
+roughened by the wind of the cowries. And Kadambari, ashamed, from
+love to her friend, of her own well-being, as though feeling that in
+still dwelling at home she had committed a crime, said with an effort
+that all was well with her. Then, though filled with grief and intent
+on gazing at Maha�veta's face, yet her eye, with its pupil dark and
+quivering as it looked out sideways, was, under the influence of love,
+with bow fully bent, irresistibly drawn by Candrapida's face, and she
+could not turn it away. At that same moment she felt jealousy [298]
+of his being pictured on the cheek of her friend standing near--the
+pain of absence as his reflection faded away on her own breast,
+pierced by a thrill--the anger of a rival wife as the image of the
+statues fell on him--the sorrow of despair as he closed his eyes,
+and blindness as his image was veiled by tears of joy.
+
+(371) '"At the end of a moment Maha�veta said to Kadambari as she was
+intent on giving betel: 'Dear Kadambari, the moment has approached for
+us to show honour to our newly arrived guest, Candrapida. Therefore
+give him some.' But averting her bent face, Kadambari replied slowly
+and indistinctly, 'Dear friend, I am ashamed to do so, for I do not
+know him. Do thou take it, for thou canst without the forwardness
+there would be in me, and give it him'; and it was only after many
+persuasions, that with difficulty, and like a village maiden, she
+resolved to give it. Her eyes were never drawn from Maha�veta's face,
+her limbs trembled, her glance wavered, she sighed deeply, she was
+stunned by Love with his shaft, and she seemed a prey to terror
+as she stretched forth her hand, holding the betel as if trying to
+cling to something under the idea she was falling. The hand Candrapida
+stretched out, by nature pink, as if red lead had fallen upon it from
+the flapping of his triumphal elephant, was darkened by the scars of
+the bowstring, and seemed to have drops of collyrium clinging to it
+from touching the eyes of his enemies' Lakshmi, weeping as he drew
+her by the hair; (372) its fingers by the forth-flashing rays of
+his nails seemed to run up hastily, to grow long and to laugh, and
+the hand seemed to raise five other fingers in the five senses that,
+in desire to touch her, had just made their entry full of love. Then
+contending feelings [299] took possession of Kadambari as if they
+had gathered together in curiosity to see the grace at that moment so
+easy of access. Her hand, as she did not look whither it was going,
+was stretched vainly forth, and the rays of its nails seemed to hasten
+forward to seek Candrapida's hand; and with the murmur of the line
+of bracelets stirred by her trembling, it seemed to say, as drops of
+moisture arose on it, 'Let this slave offered by Love be accepted,'
+[300] as if she were offering herself, and 'Henceforth it is in thy
+hand,' as if she were making it into a living being, and so she gave
+the betel. And in drawing back her hand she did not notice the fall
+of her bracelet, which had slipped down her arm in eagerness to touch
+him, like her heart pierced by Love's shaft; and taking another piece
+of betel, she gave it to Maha�veta.
+
+(373) '"Then there came up with hasty steps a maina, a very flower,
+in that her feet were yellow as lotus filaments, her beak was like
+a campak bud, and her wings blue as a lotus petal. Close behind her
+came a parrot, slow in gait, emerald-winged, with a beak like coral
+and neck bearing a curved, three-rayed rainbow. Angrily the maina
+began: 'Princess Kadambari, why dost thou not restrain this wretched,
+ill-mannered, conceited bird from following me? If thou overlookest
+my being oppressed by him, I will certainly destroy myself. I swear
+it truly by thy lotus feet.' At these words Kadambari smiled; but
+Maha�veta, not knowing the story, asked Madalekha what she was saying,
+and she told the following tale: 'This maina, Kalindi, is a friend
+of Princess Kadambari, and was given by her solemnly in marriage to
+Parihasa, the parrot. And to-day, ever since she saw him reciting
+something at early dawn to Kadambari's betel-bearer, Tamalika, alone,
+she has been filled with jealousy, and in frowardness of wrath will
+not go near him, or speak, or touch, or look at him; and though
+we have all tried to soothe her, she will not be soothed.' (374)
+Thereat a smile spread over Candrapida's face, and he softly laughed
+and said, 'This is the course of gossip. It is heard in the court;
+by a succession of ears the attendants pass it on; the outside
+world repeats it; the tale wanders to the ends of the earth, and we
+too hear how this parrot Parihasa has fallen in love with Princess
+Kadambari's betel-bearer, and, enslaved by love, knows nothing of the
+past. Away with this ill-behaved, shameless deserter of his wife,
+and away with her too! But is it fitting in the Princess not to
+restrain her giddy slave? Perhaps her cruelty, however, was shown at
+the first in giving poor Kalindi to this ill-conducted bird. What can
+she do now? For women feel that a shared wifehood is the bitterest
+matter for indignation, the chief cause for estrangement, and the
+greatest possible insult. Kalindi has been only too patient that in
+the aversion caused by this weight of grief she has not slain herself
+by poison, fire, or famine. For nothing makes a woman more despised;
+and if, after such a crime, she is willing to be reconciled and to
+live with him again, shame on her! enough of her! let her be banished
+and cast out in scorn! Who will speak to her or look at her again,
+and who will mention her name?' A laugh arose among Kadambari's women
+as they heard [301] his mirthful words. (375) But Parihasa, hearing
+his jesting speech, said: 'Cunning Prince, she is clever. Unsteady
+as she is, she is not to be taken in by thee or anyone else. She
+knows all these crooked speeches. She understands a jest. Her mind is
+sharpened by contact with a court. Cease thy jests. She is no subject
+for the talk of bold men. For, soft of speech as she is, she knows
+well the time, cause, measure, object, and topic for wrath and for
+peace.' Meanwhile, a herald came up and said to Maha�veta: 'Princess,
+King Citraratha and Queen Madira send to see thee,' and she, eager
+to go, asked Kadambari, 'Friend, where should Candrapida stay?' The
+latter, inwardly smiling at the thought that he had already found a
+place in the heart of thousands of women, said aloud, 'Dear Maha�veta,
+why speak thus? Since I beheld him I have not been mistress of myself,
+far less than of my palace and my servants. Let him stay wherever it
+pleases him and my dear friend's heart.' Thereon Maha�veta replied,
+"Let him stay in the jewelled house on the playing hill of the royal
+garden near thy palace,' and went to see the king.
+
+(376) '"Candrapida went away at her departure, followed by maidens,
+sent for his amusement by the portress at Kadambari's bidding,
+players on lute and pipe, singers, skilful dice and draught players,
+practised painters and reciters of graceful verses; he was led by
+his old acquaintance Keyuraka to the jewelled hall on the playing hill.
+
+'"When he was gone the Gandharva princess dismissed her girl-friends
+and attendants, and followed only by a few, went into the palace. There
+she fell on her couch, while her maidens stayed some way off, full
+of respect, and tried to comfort her. At length she came to herself,
+and remaining alone, she was filled with shame. For Modesty censured
+her: 'Light one, what hast thou begun?' Self-respect reproached her:
+'Gandharva Princess, how is this fitting for thee?' Simplicity mocked
+her: 'Where has thy childhood gone before its day was over?' Youth
+warned her: 'Wilful girl, do not carry out alone any wild plan of
+thine own!' Dignity rebuked her: 'Timid child, this is not the course
+of a high-born maiden.' Conduct blamed her: 'Reckless girl, avoid
+this unseemly behaviour!' High Birth admonished her: 'Foolish one,
+love hath led thee into lightness.' Steadfastness cried shame on her:
+'Whence comes thine unsteadiness of nature?' Nobility rebuked her:
+'Self-willed, my authority is set at nought by thee.'
+
+(377) '"And she thought within herself, 'What shameful conduct is this
+of mine, in that I cast away all fear, and show my unsteadiness and
+am blinded by folly. In my audacity I never thought he was a stranger;
+in my shamelessness I did not consider that he would think me light of
+nature; I never examined his character; I never thought in my folly if
+I were worthy of his regard; I had no dread of an unexpected rebuff;
+I had no fear of my parents, no anxiety about gossip. Nay, more, I
+did not in my unkindness [302] remember that Maha�veta was in sorrow;
+in my stupidity I did not notice that my friends stood by and beheld
+me; in my utter dullness I did not see that my servants behind were
+observing me. Even grave minds would mark such utter forgetfulness of
+seemliness; how much more Maha�veta, who knows the course of love;
+and my friends skilled in all its ways, and my attendants who know
+all its symptoms, and whose wits are sharpened by life at court. The
+slaves of a zenana have keen eyes in such matters. My evil fate has
+undone me! Better were it for me now to die than live a shameful
+life. What will my father and mother and the Gandharvas say when they
+hear this tale? What can I do? What remedy is there? How can I cover
+this error? To whom can I tell this folly of my undisciplined senses,
+(378) and where shall I go, consumed by Kama, the five-arrowed god? I
+had made a promise in Maha�veta's sorrow, I had announced it before
+my friends, I had sent a message of it by the hands of Keyuraka, and
+how it has now come about that that beguiling Candrapida has been
+brought hither, I know not, ill-fated that I am; whether it be by
+cruel fate or proud love, or nemesis of my former deeds, or accursed
+death, or anything else. But some power unseen, unknown, unheard of,
+unthought of and unimagined before, has come to delude me. At the
+mere sight of him I am a captive in bonds; I am cast into a cage
+and handed over by my senses; I am enslaved and led to him by Love;
+I am sent away by affection; I am sold at a price by my feelings; I
+am made as a household chattel by my heart. I will have nothing to do
+with this worthless one!' Thus for a moment she resolved. But having
+made this resolve, she was mocked by Candrapida's image stirred by
+the trembling of her heart, 'If thou, in thy false reserve, will have
+nought to do with me, I will go.' She was asked by her life, which
+clung to her in a farewell embrace before starting at the moment of
+her determination to give up Candrapida; (379) she was addressed by a
+tear that rose at that moment, 'Let him be seen once more with clearer
+eyes, whether he be worthy of rejection or no'; she was chidden by
+Love, saying, 'I will take away thy pride together with thy life;'
+and so her heart was again turned to Candrapida. Overwhelmed, when
+the force of her meditation had collapsed, by the access of love,
+she rose, under its sway, and stood looking through the window at the
+playing hill. And there, as if bewildered by a veil of joyful tears,
+she saw with her memory, not her eyes; as if fearing to soil with a
+hot hand her picture, she painted with her fancy, not with her brush;
+dreading the intervention of a thrill, she offered an embrace with
+her heart, not her breast; unable to bear his delay in coming, she
+sent her mind, not her servants, to meet him.
+
+'"Meanwhile, Candrapida willingly entered the jewelled house, as if it
+were a second heart of Kadambari. On the rock was strewn a blanket,
+with pillows piled on it at either end, and thereon he lay down,
+with his feet in Keyuraka's lap, while the maidens sat round him
+in the places appointed for them. With a heart in turmoil he betook
+himself to reflection: 'Are these graces of Princess Kadambari, that
+steal all men's hearts, innate in her, or has Love, with kindness won
+by no service of mine, ordained them for me? (380) For she gave me a
+sidelong glance with loving, reddened eyes half curved as if they were
+covered with the pollen of Love's flowery darts as they fell on her
+heart. She modestly veiled herself with a bright smile fair as silk
+as I looked at her. She offered the mirror of her cheek to receive my
+image, as in shame at my gaze she averted her face. She sketched on
+the couch with her nail the first trace of wilfulness of a heart that
+was giving me entrance. Her hand, moist with the fatigue of bringing
+me the betel, seemed in its trembling to fan her hot face, as if it
+were a tamala branch she had taken, for a swarm of bees hovered round
+it, mistaking it for a rosy lotus. Perhaps,' he went on to reflect,
+'the light readiness to hope so common among mortals is now deceiving
+me with a throng of vain desires; and the glow of youth, devoid of
+judgment, or Love himself, makes my brain reel; whence the eyes of
+the young, as though struck by cataract, magnify even a small spot;
+and a tiny speck of affection is spread far by youthful ardour as by
+water. An excited heart like a poet's imagination is bewildered by
+the throng of fancies that it calls up of itself, and draws likenesses
+from everything; youthful feelings in the hand of cunning love are as
+a brush, and shrink from painting nothing; and imagination, proud of
+her suddenly gained beauty, turns in every direction. (381) Longing
+shows as in a dream what I have felt. Hope, like a conjuror's wand,
+[303] sets before us what can never be. Why, then,' thought he again,
+'should I thus weary my mind in vain? If this bright-eyed maiden
+is indeed thus inclined towards me, Love, who is so kind without my
+asking, will ere long make it plain to me. He will be the decider of
+this doubt.' Having at length come to this decision, he rose, then
+sat down, and merrily joined the damsels in gentle talk and graceful
+amusements--with dice, song, lute, tabor, concerts of mingled sound,
+and murmur of tender verse. After resting a short time he went out
+to see the park, and climbed to the top of the pleasure hill.
+
+'"Kadambari saw him, and bade that the window should be opened to watch
+for Maha�veta's return, saying, 'She tarries long,' and, with a heart
+tossed by Love, mounted to the roof of the palace. There she stayed
+with a few attendants, protected from the heat by a gold-handled
+umbrella, white as the full moon, and fanned by the waving of four
+yaks' tails pure as foam. She seemed to be practising an adornment fit
+for going to meet [304] Candrapida, by means of the bees which hovered
+round her head, eager for the scent of the flowers, which veiled her
+even by day in darkness. Now she leaned on the point of the cowrie,
+now on the stick of the umbrella; now she laid her hands on Tamalika's
+shoulder, (382), now she clung to Madalekha; now she hid herself amidst
+her maidens, looking with sidelong glance; now she turned herself
+round; now she laid her cheek on the tip of the portress's staff;
+now with a steady hand she placed betel on her fresh lips; now she
+laughingly ran a few steps in pursuit of her maidens scattered by the
+blows of the lotuses she threw at them. And in looking at the prince,
+and being gazed at by him, she knew not how long a time had passed. At
+last a portress announced Maha�veta's return, and she went down, and
+albeit unwilling, yet to please Maha�veta she bathed and performed
+the wonted duties of the day.
+
+'"But Candrapida went down, and dismissing Kadambari's followers,
+performed the rites of bathing, and worshipped the deity honoured
+throughout the mountain, and did all the duties of the day, including
+his meal, on the pleasure hill. There he sat on an emerald seat
+which commanded the front of the pleasure hill, pleasant, green as
+a pigeon, bedewed with foam from the chewing of fawns, shining like
+Yamuna's waters standing still in fear of Balarama's plough, glowing
+crimson with lac-juice from the girls' feet, sanded with flower-dust,
+hidden in a bower, a concert-house of peacocks. He suddenly beheld
+day eclipsed by a stream of white radiance, rich in glory, (383)
+light drunk up as by a garland of lotus-fibres, earth flooded as by
+a Milky Ocean, space bedewed as by a storm of sandal-juice, and the
+sky painted as with white chunam.
+
+'"'What!' thought he, 'is our lord, the Moon, king of plants,
+suddenly risen, or are a thousand shower-baths set going with their
+white streams let loose by a spring, or is it the heavenly Ganges,
+whitening the earth with her wind-tossed spray, that has come down
+to earth in curiosity?'
+
+ [305]'"Then, turning his eyes in the direction of the light, he
+ beheld Kadambari, and with her Madalekha and Taralika bearing a
+ pearl necklace on a tray covered with white silk. (384) Thereupon
+ Candrapida decided that it was this necklace that eclipsed [306]
+ moonlight, and was the cause of the brightness, and by rising while
+ she was yet far off, and by all wonted courtesies, he greeted the
+ approach of Madalekha. For a moment she rested on that emerald seat,
+ and then, rising, anointed him with sandal perfume, put on him two
+ white robes, (385) crowned him with malati flowers, and then gave
+ him the necklace, saying, 'This thy gentleness, my Prince, so devoid
+ of pride, must needs subjugate every heart. Thy kindness gives an
+ opening even to one like me; by thy form thou art lord of life to
+ all; by that tenderness shown even where there is no claim on thee,
+ thou throwest on all a bond of love; the innate sweetness of thy
+ bearing makes every man thy friend; these thy virtues, manifested
+ with such natural gentleness, give confidence to all. Thy form
+ must take the blame, for it inspires trust even at first sight;
+ else words addressed to one of such dignity as thou would seem all
+ unmeet. For to speak with thee would be an insult; our very respect
+ would bring on us the charge of forwardness; our very praise would
+ display our boldness; our subservience would manifest lightness,
+ our love self-deception, our speech to thee audacity, our service
+ impertinence, our gift an insult. Nay, more, thou hast conquered
+ our hearts; what is left for us to give thee? Thou art lord of our
+ life; what can we offer thee? Thou hast already bestowed the great
+ favour of thy presence; what return could we make? Thou by thy sight
+ hast made our life worth having; how can we reward thy coming? (386)
+ Therefore Kadambari with this excuse shows her affection rather than
+ her dignity. Noble hearts admit no question of mine and thine. Away
+ with the thought of dignity. Even if she accepted slavery to one
+ like thee, she would do no unworthy act; even if she gave herself
+ to thee, she would not be deceived; if she gave her life, she
+ would not repent. The generosity of a noble heart is always bent
+ on kindness, and does not willingly reject affection, and askers
+ are less shamefaced than givers. But it is true that Kadambari
+ knows she has offended thee in this matter. Now, this necklace,
+ called �esha, [307] because it was the only jewel left of all that
+ rose at the churning of nectar, was for that reason greatly valued
+ by the Lord of Ocean, and was given by him to Varuna on his return
+ home. By the latter it was given to the Gandharva king, and by him
+ to Kadambari. And she, thinking thy form worthy of this ornament,
+ in that not the earth, but the sky, is the home of the moon, hath
+ sent it to thee. And though men like thee, who bear no ornament
+ but a noble spirit, find it irksome to wear the gems honoured by
+ meaner men, yet here Kadambari's affection is a reason for thee to
+ do so. (387) Did not Vishnu show his reverence by wearing on his
+ breast the kaustubha gem, because it rose with Lakshmi; and yet he
+ was not greater than thee, nor did the kaustubha gem in the least
+ surpass the �esha in worth; nor, indeed, does Lakshmi approach in
+ the slightest degree to imitating Kadambari's beauty. And in truth,
+ if her love is crushed by thee, she will grieve Maha�veta [308] with
+ a thousand reproaches, and will slay herself. Maha�veta therefore
+ sends Taralika with the necklace to thee, and bids me say thus:
+ "Let not Kadambari's first impulse of love be crushed by thee, even
+ in thought, most noble prince."' Thus having said, she fastened on
+ his breast the necklace that rested like a bevy of stars on the slope
+ of the golden mountain. Filled with amazement, Candrapida replied:
+ 'What means this, Madalekha? Thou art clever, and knowest how to
+ win acceptance for thy gifts. By leaving me no chance of a reply,
+ thou hast shown skill in oratory. Nay, foolish maiden, what are we
+ in respect of thee, or of acceptance and refusal; truly this talk
+ is nought. Having received kindness from ladies so rich in courtesy,
+ let me be employed in any matter, whether pleasing or displeasing to
+ me. But truly there lives not the man whom the virtues of the most
+ courteous lady Kadambari do not discourteously [309] enslave.' (388)
+ Thus saying, after some talk about Kadambari, he dismissed Madalekha,
+ and ere she had long gone the daughter of Citraratha dismissed her
+ attendants, rejected the insignia of wand, umbrella, and cowrie,
+ and accompanied only by Tamalika, again mounted to the roof of her
+ palace to behold Candrapida, bright with pearls, silk raiment and
+ sandal, go to the pleasure hill, like the moon to the mount of
+ rising. There, with passionate glances imbued with every grace,
+ she stole his heart. (390) And when it became too dark to see, she
+ descended from the roof, and Candrapida, from the slope of the hill.
+
+'"Then the moon, source of nectar, gladdener of all eyes, arose with
+his rays gathered in; he seemed to be worshipped by the night-lotuses,
+to calm the quarters whose faces were dark as if with anger, and
+to avoid the day-lotuses as if from fear of waking them; under the
+guise of his mark he wore night on his heart; he bore in the glow of
+rising the lac that had clung to him from the spurning of Rohini's
+feet; he pursued the sky, in its dark blue veil, like a mistress;
+and by reason of his great goodwill, spread beauty everywhere.
+
+'"And when the moon, the umbrella of the supreme rule of Kama, the
+lord of the lotuses, the ivory earring that decks the night, had
+risen, and when the world was turned to whiteness, as though overlaid
+with ivory, Candrapida lay down on a cool moonlit slab, pearl white,
+pointed out by Kadambari's servants. It was washed with fresh sandal,
+garlanded with pure sinduvara flowers, and carved round with a leafy
+tracery of lotus petals. It lay on the shore of a palace lotus tank,
+that seemed from the full moonlight to be made of night-lotuses,
+[310] with steps white with bricks washed by the waves, as it wafted a
+breeze fanned by the ripples; (391) pairs of hamsas lay there asleep,
+and pairs of cakravakas kept up their dirge of separation thereon. And
+while the Prince yet rested there Keyuraka approached him, and told
+him that Princess Kadambari had come to see him. Then Candrapida rose
+hastily, and beheld Kadambari drawing near. Few of her friends were
+with her; all her royal insignia were removed; she was as it were
+a new self, in the single necklace she wore; her slender form was
+white with the purest sandal-juice; an earring hung from one ear; she
+wore a lotus-petal in the ear, soft as a budding digit of the moon;
+she was clad in robes of the kalpa-tree, [311] clear as moonlight;
+and in the garb that consorted with that hour she stood revealed like
+the very goddess of moonrise, as she rested on the hand offered by
+Madalekha. Drawing near, she showed a grace prompted by love, and
+took her seat on the ground, where servants are wont to sit, like a
+maiden of low degree; and Candrapida, too, though often entreated by
+Madalekha to sit on the rocky seat, took his place on the ground by
+Madalekha; and when all the women were seated he made an effort to
+speak, saying, 'Princess, to one who is thy slave, and whom even a
+glance gladdens, there needs not the favour of speech with thee, far
+less so great a grace as this. (392) For, deeply as I think, I cannot
+see in myself any worth that this height of favour may befit. Most
+noble and sweet in its laying aside of pride is this thy courtesy,
+in that such grace is shown to one but newly thy servant. Perchance
+thou thinkest me a churl that must be won by gifts. Blessed, truly,
+is the servant over whom is thy sway! How great honour is bestowed
+on the servants deemed worthy of the bestowal of thy commands. But
+the body is a gift at the service of any man, and life is light as
+grass, so that I am ashamed in my devotion to greet thy coming with
+such a gift. Here am I, here my body, my life, my senses! Do thou,
+by accepting one of them, raise it to honour.'
+
+'"Madalekha smilingly replied to this speech of his: 'Enough,
+Prince. My friend Kadambari is pained by thy too great ceremony. Why
+speakest thou thus? She accepts thy words without further talk. And
+why, too, is she brought to suspense by these too flattering
+speeches?' and then, waiting a short time, she began afresh: 'How is
+King Tarapida, how Queen Vilasavati, how the noble �ukanasa? What is
+Ujjayini like, and how far off is it? What is the land of Bharata? And
+is the world of mortals pleasant?' So she questioned him. (393)
+After spending some time in such talk, Kadambari rose, and summoning
+Keyuraka, who was lying near Candrapida, and her attendants, she went
+up to her sleeping-chamber. There she adorned a couch strewn with
+a coverlet of white silk. Candrapida, however, on his rock passed
+the night like a moment in thinking, while his feet were rubbed by
+Keyuraka, of the humility, beauty, and depth of Kadambari's character,
+the causeless kindness of Maha�veta, the courtesy of Madalekha, the
+dignity of the attendants, the great splendour of the Gandharva world,
+and the charm of the Kimpurusha land.
+
+'"Then the moon, lord of stars, weary of being kept awake by the sight
+of Kadambari, descended, as if to sleep, to the forest on the shore,
+with its palms and tamalas, talis, banyans, and kandalas, [312] cool
+with the breeze from the hardly stirred [313] ripples. As though with
+the feverish sighs of a woman grieving for her lover's approaching
+absence, the moonlight faded away. Lakshmi, having passed the night
+on the moon lotuses, lay on the sun lotuses, as though love had sprung
+up in her at the sight of Candrapida. At the close of night, when the
+palace lamps grew pale, as if dwindling in longing as they remembered
+the blows of the lotuses in maidens' ears, the breezes of dawn,
+fragrant with creeper-flowers, were wafted, sportive with the sighs
+of Love weary from ceaselessly discharging his shafts; the stars were
+eclipsed by the rising dawn, and took their abode, as through fear, in
+the thick creeper bowers of Mount Mandara. [314] (394) Then when the
+sun arose, with its orb crimson as if a glow remained from dwelling
+in the hearts of the cakravakas, Candrapida, rising from the rock,
+bathed his lotus face, said his morning prayer, took his betel, and
+then bade Keyuraka see whether Princess Kadambari was awake or no, and
+where she was; and when it was announced to him by the latter on his
+return that she was with Maha�veta in the bower of the courtyard below
+the Mandara palace, he started to see the daughter of the Gandharva
+king. There he beheld Maha�veta surrounded by wandering ascetic women
+like visible goddesses of prayer, with marks of white ash on their
+brow, and hands quickly moving as they turned their rosaries; bearing
+the vow of �iva's followers, clad in robes tawny with mineral dyes,
+bound to wear red cloth, robed in the ruddy bark of ripe cocoanuts,
+or girdled with thick white cloth; with fans of white cloth; with
+staves, matted locks, deer-skins, and bark dresses; with the marks of
+male ascetics; reciting the pure praises of �iva, Durga, Kartikeya,
+Vi�ravasa, [315] Krishna, Avalokite�vara, the Arhat, Viri�ca. [316]
+Maha�veta herself was showing honour to the elder kinswomen of the
+king, the foremost of the zenana, by salutes, courteous speeches,
+by rising to meet them and placing reed seats for them.
+
+(395) '"He beheld Kadambari also giving her attention to the
+recitation of the Mahabharata, that transcends all good omens, by
+Narada's sweet-voiced daughter, with an accompaniment of flutes soft
+as the murmur of bees, played by a pair of Kinnaras sitting behind
+her. She was looking in a mirror fixed before her at her lip, pale as
+beeswax when the honey is gone, bathed in the moonlight of her teeth,
+though within it was darkened by betel. She was being honoured by a
+sunwise turn in departing by a tame goose wandering like the moon
+in a fixed circle, with wide eyes raised to her sirisha earrings
+in its longing for vallisneria. Here the prince approached, and,
+saluting her, sat down on a seat placed on the dais. After a short
+stay he looked at Maha�veta's face with a gentle smile that dimpled
+his cheek, and she, at once knowing his wish, said to Kadambari:
+'Dear friend, Candrapida is softened by thy virtues as the moonstone
+by the moon, and cannot speak for himself. He wishes to depart; for
+the court he has left behind is thrown into distress, not knowing what
+has happened. Moreover, however far apart you may be from each other,
+this your love, like that of the sun and the day lotus, or the moon and
+the night lotus, will last till the day of doom. Therefore let him go.'
+
+(396) '"'Dear Maha�veta,' replied Kadambari, 'I and my retinue belong
+as wholly to the prince as his own soul. Why, then, this ceremony?' So
+saying, and summoning the Gandharva princes, she bade them escort
+the prince to his own place, and he, rising, bowed before Maha�veta
+first, and then Kadambari, and was greeted by her with eyes and
+heart softened by affection; and with the words, 'Lady, what shall
+I say? For men distrust the multitude of words. Let me be remembered
+in the talk of thy retinue,' he went out of the zenana; and all the
+maidens but Kadambari, drawn by reverence for Candrapida's virtues,
+followed him on his way like his subjects to the outer gate.
+
+'"On their return, he mounted the steed brought by Keyuraka, and,
+escorted by the Gandharva princes, turned to leave Hemakuta. His whole
+thoughts on the way were about Kadambari in all things both within and
+without. With a mind wholly imbued with her, he beheld her behind him,
+dwelling within him in his bitter grief for the cruel separation;
+or before him, stopping him in his path; or cast on the sky, as if
+by the force of longing in his heart troubled by parting, so that
+he could perfectly see her face; he beheld her very self resting
+on his heart, as if her mind were wounded with his loss. When he
+reached Maha�veta's hermitage, he there beheld his own camp, which
+had followed the tracks of Indrayudha.
+
+(397) '"Dismissing the Gandharva princes, he entered his own abode
+amidst the salutations of his troops full of joy, curiosity,
+and wonder; and after greeting the rest of the court, he spent
+the day mostly in talk with Vai�ampayana and Patralekha, saying,
+'Thus said Maha�veta, thus Kadambari, thus Madalekha, thus Tamalika,
+thus Keyuraka.' No longer did royal Glory, envious at the sight
+of Kadambari's beauty, find in him her joy; for him night passed
+in wakefulness as he thought, with a mind in ceaseless longing, of
+that bright-eyed maiden. Next morning, at sunrise, he went to his
+pavilion with his mind still fixed on her, and suddenly saw Keyuraka
+entering with a doorkeeper; and as the latter, while yet far off,
+cast himself on the ground, so that his crest swept the floor,
+Candrapida cried, 'Come, come,' greeting him first with a sidelong
+glance, then with his heart, then with a thrill. Then at last he
+hastened forward to give him a hearty and frank embrace, and made
+him sit down by himself. Then, in words brightened by the nectar of
+a smile, and transfused with overflowing love, he reverently asked:
+'Say, Keyuraka, is the lady Kadambari well, and her friends, and
+her retinue, and the lady Maha�veta?' With a low bow, Keyuraka, as
+though he had been bathed, anointed, and refreshed by the smile that
+the prince's deep affection had prompted, replied respectfully:
+
+'"'She is now well, in that my lord asks for her.' And then he showed
+a folded lotus-leaf, wrapped in wet cloth, with its opening closed
+by lotus filaments, and a seal of tender lotus filaments set in a
+paste of wet sandal. (398) This he opened, and showed the tokens
+sent by Kadambari, such as milky betel-nuts of emerald hue, with
+their shells removed and surrounded with fresh sprays, betel-leaves
+pale as the cheek of a hen-parrot, camphor like a solid piece of
+�iva's moon, and sandal ointment pleasant with rich musk scent. 'The
+lady Kadambari,' said he, 'salutes thee with folded hands that kiss
+her crest, and that are rosy with the rays of her tender fingers;
+Maha�veta with a greeting and embrace; Madalekha with a reverence
+and a brow bathed in the moonlight of the crest-gem she has let fall;
+the maidens with the points of the fish-ornaments and the parting of
+their hair resting on the ground; and Taralika, with a prostration
+to touch the dust of thy feet. Maha�veta sends thee this message:
+"Happy truly are they from whose eyes thou art never absent. For
+in truth thy virtues, snowy, cold as the moon when thou art by, in
+thine absence burn like sunlight. Truly all yearn for the past day
+as though it were that day whereon fate with such toil brought forth
+amrita. Without thee the royal Gandharva city is languid as at the end
+of a feast. (399) Thou knowest that I have surrendered all things; yet
+my heart, in my despite, desires to see thee who art so undeservedly
+kind. Kadambari, moreover, is far from well. She recalls thee with thy
+smiling face like Love himself. Thou, by the honour of thy return,
+canst make her proud of having some virtues of her own. For respect
+shown by the noble must needs confer honour. And thou must forgive
+the trouble of knowing such as we. For thine own nobility gives this
+boldness to our address. And here is this �esha necklace, which was
+left by thee on thy couch."' So saying, he loosed it from his band,
+where it was visible by reason of the long rays that shot through the
+interstices of the fine thread, and placed it in the fan-bearer's hand.
+
+'"'This, indeed, is the reward of doing homage at Maha�veta's feet,
+that the lady Kadambari should lay so great a weight of honour on
+her slave as to remember him," said Candrapida, as he placed all on
+his head [317] and accepted it. The necklace he put round his neck,
+after anointing it with an ointment cool, pleasant, and fragrant,
+as it were with the beauty of Kadambari's cheeks distilled, or the
+light of her smile liquefied, or her heart melted, or her virtues
+throbbing forth. (400) Taking some betel, he rose and stood, with his
+left arm on Keyuraka's shoulder, and then dismissed the courtiers,
+who were gladly paying their wonted homage, and at length went
+to see his elephant Gandhamadana. There he stayed a short time,
+and after he had himself given to the elephant a handful of grass,
+that, being jagged with the rays of his nails, was like lotus-fibre,
+he went to the stable of his favourite steed. On the way he turned
+his face now on this side, now on that, to glance at his retinue,
+and the porters, understanding his wish, forbade all to follow him,
+and dismissed the retinue, so that he entered the stable with Keyuraka
+alone. The grooms bowed and departed, with eyes bewildered by terror
+at their dismissal, and the prince set straight Indrayudha's cloth,
+which had fallen a little on one side, pushed back his mane, tawny
+as a lion's, which was falling on his eyes and half closing them, and
+then, negligently resting his foot on the peg of the tethering-rope,
+and leaning against the stable wall, he eagerly asked:
+
+'"'Tell me, Keyuraka, what has happened in the Gandharva court since
+my departure? In what occupation has the Gandharva princess spent
+the time? What were Maha�veta and Madalekha doing? What talk was
+there? How were you and the retinue employed? And was there any
+talk about me?' Then Keyuraka told him all: 'Listen, prince. On
+thy departure, the lady Kadambari, with her retinue, climbed to the
+palace roof, making in the maidens' palace with the sound of anklets
+the beat of farewell drums that rose from a thousand hearts; (401)
+and she gazed on thy path, gray with the dust of the cavalcade. When
+thou wert out of sight, she laid her face on Maha�veta's shoulder, and,
+in her love, sprinkled the region of thy journey with glances fair as
+the Milky Ocean, and, warding off the sun's touch, as it were, with
+the moon assuming in jealousy the guise of a white umbrella, she long
+remained there. Thence she reluctantly tore herself away and came down,
+and after but a short rest in the pavilion, she arose and went to the
+pleasaunce where thou hadst been. She was guided by bees murmuring in
+the flowers of oblation; startled by the cry of the house peacocks,
+she checked their note as they looked up at the shower-like rays of
+her nails, by the circlets which lay loose round her throat; at every
+step she let her hand rest on creeper-twigs white with flowers, and
+her mind on thy virtues. When she reached the pleasaunce, her retinue
+needlessly told her: "Here the prince stayed on the spray-washed rock,
+with its creeper-bower bedewed by the stream from a pipe that ends
+in an emerald fish-head; here he bathed in a place covered by bees
+absorbed in the fragrance of the scented water; here he worshipped
+�iva on the bank of the mountain stream, sandy with flower-dust; here
+he ate on a crystal stone which eclipsed moonlight; and here he slept
+on a pearly slab with a mark of sandal-juice imprinted on it." (402)
+And so she passed the day, gazing on the signs of thy presence; and
+at close of day Maha�veta prepared for her, though against her will, a
+meal in that crystal dwelling. And when the sun set and the moon rose,
+soon, as though she were a moonstone that moonlight would melt, and
+therefore dreaded the entrance of the moon's reflection, she laid her
+hands on her cheeks, and, as if in thought, remained for a few minutes
+with closed eyes; and then rising, went to her sleeping-chamber,
+scarcely raising her feet as they moved with graceful, languid gait,
+seemingly heavy with bearing the moon's reflection on their bright
+nails. Throwing herself on her couch, she was racked by a severe
+headache, and overcome by a burning fever, and, in company with the
+palace-lamps, the moon-lotuses, and the cakravakas, she passed the
+night open-eyed in bitter grief. And at dawn she summoned me, and
+reproachfully bade me seek for tidings of thee.'
+
+'"At these words, Candrapida, all eager to depart, shouted: 'A
+horse! a horse!' and left the palace. Indrayudha was hastily saddled,
+and brought round by the grooms, and Candrapida mounted, placing
+Patralekha behind him, leaving Vai�ampayana in charge of the camp,
+dismissing all his retinue, and followed by Keyuraka on another steed,
+he went to Hemakuta. (403) On his arrival, he dismounted at the gate of
+Kadambari's palace, giving his horse to the doorkeeper, and, followed
+by Patralekha, eager for the first sight of Kadambari, he entered, and
+asked a eunuch who came forward where the lady Kadambari was. Bending
+low, the latter informed him, that she was in the ice-bower on the
+bank of the lotus-tank below the Mattamayura pleasaunce; and then the
+prince, guided by Keyuraka, went some distance through the women's
+garden, and beheld day grow green, and the sunbeams turn into grass
+by the reflection of the plantain-groves with their emerald glow,
+and there he beheld Kadambari. (410) Then she looked with tremulous
+glance at her retinue, as, coming in one after another, they announced
+Candrapida's approach, and asked each by name: 'Tell me, has he really
+come, and hast thou seen him? How far off is he?' She gazed with
+eyes gradually brightening as she saw him yet afar off, and rose from
+her couch of flowers, standing like a newly-caught elephant bound to
+her post, and trembling in every limb. She was veiled in bees drawn
+as vassals by the fragrance of her flowery couch, all murmuring; her
+upper garment was in confusion, and she sought to place on her bosom
+the shining necklace; (411) she seemed to beg the support of a hand
+from her own shadow as she laid her left hand on the jewelled pavement;
+she seemed to receive herself as a gift by sprinkling [318] with her
+right hand moist with the toil of binding together her falling locks;
+she poured forth tears of joy cool as though the sandal-juice of her
+sectarial mark had entered in and been united with them; she washed
+with a line of glad tears her smooth cheeks, that the pollen from
+her garland had tinged with gray, as if in eagerness that the image
+of her beloved might fall thereon; she seemed to be drawn forward by
+her long eyes fastened on Candrapida's face, with its pupil fixed in
+a sidelong glance, and her head somewhat bent, as if from the weight
+of the sandal-mark on her brow.
+
+'"And Candrapida, approaching, bowed first before Maha�veta, then
+courteously saluted Kadambari, and when she had returned his obeisance,
+and seated herself again on the couch, and the portress had brought
+him a gold stool with legs gleaming with gems, he pushed it away
+with his foot, and sat down on the ground. Then Keyuraka presented
+Patralekha, saying: 'This is Prince Candrapida's betel-box bearer
+and most favoured friend.' And Kadambari, looking on her, thought:
+'How great partiality does Prajapati bestow on mortal women!' And
+as Patralekha bowed respectfully, she bade her approach, and placed
+her close behind herself, amidst the curious glances of all her
+retinue. (412) Filled even at first sight with great love for her,
+Kadambari often touched her caressingly with her slender hand.
+
+'"Now, Candrapida, having quickly performed all the courtesies of
+arrival, beheld the state of Citraratha's daughter, and thought:
+'Surely my heart is dull, in that it cannot even now believe. Be
+it so. I will, nevertheless, ask her with a skilfully-devised
+speech.' [319] Then he said aloud: 'Princess, I know that this pain,
+with its unceasing torment, has come on thee from love. Yet, slender
+maiden, it torments thee not as us. I would gladly, by the offering
+of myself, restore thee to health. For I pity thee as thou tremblest;
+and as I see thee fallen under the pain of love, my heart, too, falls
+prostrate. For thine arms are slender and unadorned, and thou bearest
+in thine eye a red lotus like a hybiscus [320] from the deep wasting
+of fever. And all thy retinue weep ceaselessly for thy pain. Accept
+thine ornaments. Take of thine own accord thy richest adornments; for
+as the creeper shines hidden in bees and flowers, so shouldst thou.'
+
+'"Then Kadambari, though naturally simple by reason of her youth, yet,
+from a knowledge taught by love, understood all the meaning of this
+darkly-expressed speech. (413) Yet, not realizing that she had come to
+such a point in her desires, supported by her modesty, she remained
+silent. She sent forth, however, the radiance of a smile at that
+moment on some pretext, as though to see his face darkened by the bees
+which were gathered round its sweetness. Madalekha therefore replied:
+'Prince, what shall I say? This pain is cruel beyond words. Moreover,
+in one of so delicate a nature what does not tend to pain? Even cool
+lotus-fibres turn to fire and moonlight burns. Seest thou not the pain
+produced in her mind by the breezes of the fans? Only her strength
+of mind keeps her alive.' But in heart alone did Kadambari admit
+Madalekha's words as an answer to the prince. His mind, however, was in
+suspense from the doubtfulness of her meaning, and after spending some
+time in affectionate talk with Maha�veta, at length with a great effort
+he withdrew himself, and left Kadambari's palace to go to the camp.
+
+'"As he was about to mount his horse, Keyuraka came up behind him,
+and said: 'Prince, Madalekha bids me say that Princess Kadambari, ever
+since she beheld Patralekha, has been charmed by her, and wishes to
+keep her. She shall return later. (414) Having heard her message, thou
+must decide' 'Happy,' replied the prince, 'and enviable is Patralekha,
+in that she is honoured by so rare a favour by the princess. Let her
+be taken in.' So saying, he went to the camp.
+
+'"At the moment of his arrival he beheld a letter-carrier well known
+to him, that had come from his father's presence, and, stopping
+his horse, he asked from afar, with eyes widened by affection:
+'Is my father well, and all his retinue? and my mother and all the
+zenana?' Then the man, approaching with a reverence, saying, 'As
+thou sayest, prince,' gave him two letters. Then the prince, placing
+them on his head, and himself opening them in order, read as follows:
+'Hail from Ujjayini. King Tarapida, king of kings, whose lotus-feet
+are made the crest on the head of all kings, greets Candrapida, the
+home of all good fortune, kissing him on his head, which kisses the
+circle of the flashing rays of his crest jewels. Our subjects are
+well. Why has so long a time passed since we have seen thee? Our
+heart longs eagerly for thee. The queen and the zenana pine for
+thee. Therefore, let the cutting short of this letter be a cause of
+thy setting out.' And in the second letter, sent by �ukanasa, he read
+words of like import. Vai�ampayana, too, at that moment came up, and
+showed another pair of letters of his own to the same effect. (415)
+So with the words, 'As my father commands,' he at once mounted his
+horse, and caused the drum of departure to be sounded. He instructed
+Meghanada, son of Balahaka, the commander-in-chief, who stood near him
+surrounded by a large troop: 'Thou must come with Patralekha. Keyuraka
+will surely bring her as far as here, and by his lips a message must
+be sent with a salutation to Princess Kadambari. Truly the nature of
+mortals deserves the blame of the three worlds, for it is discourteous,
+unfriendly, and hard to grasp, in that, when the loves of men suddenly
+clash, they do not set its full value on spontaneous tenderness. Thus,
+by my going, my love has become a cheating counterfeit; my faith
+has gained skill in false tones; my self-devotion has sunk into base
+deceit, having only a pretended sweetness; and the variance of voice
+and thought has been laid bare. But enough of myself. The princess,
+though a mate for the gods, has, by showing her favour to an unworthy
+object, [321] incurred reproach. For the ambrosially kind glances of
+the great, when they fall in vain on unfitting objects, cause shame
+afterwards. And yet my heart is not so much weighed down by shame
+for her as for Maha�veta. For the princess will doubtless often blame
+her for her ill-placed partiality in having painted my virtues with
+a false imputation of qualities I did not possess. What, then, shall
+I do? My parents' command is the weightier. Yet it controls my body
+alone. (416) But my heart, in its yearning to dwell at Hemakuta, has
+written a bond of slavery for a thousand births to Princess Kadambari,
+[322] and her favour holds it fast [323] as the dense thicket holds a
+forester. Nevertheless, I go at my father's command. Truly from this
+cause the infamous Candrapida will be a byword to the people. Yet,
+think not that Candrapida, if he lives, will rest without again tasting
+the joy of worshipping the lotus-feet of the princess. Salute with
+bent head and sunwise turn the feet of Maha�veta. Tell Madalekha that
+a hearty embrace, preceded by an obeisance, is offered her; salute
+Tamalika, and inquire on my behalf after all Kadambari's retinue. Let
+blessed Hemakuta be honoured by me with upraised hands.' After giving
+this message, he set Vai�ampayana over the camp, instructing his friend
+to march [324] slowly, without overtasking the army. Then he mounted,
+accompanied by his cavalry, mostly mounted on young horses, wearing the
+grace of a forest of spears, breaking up the earth with their hoofs,
+and shaking Kailasa with their joyful neighing as they set out; and
+though his heart was empty, in the fresh separation from Kadambari,
+he asked the letter-carrier who clung to his saddle concerning the
+way to Ujjayini.
+
+(417-426 condensed) '"And on the way he beheld in the forest a red
+flag, near which was a shrine of Durga, guarded by an old Dravidian
+hermit, who made his abode thereby.
+
+(426) '"Dismounting, he entered, and bent reverently before the
+goddess, and, bowing again after a sunwise turn, he wandered about,
+interested in the calm of the place, and beheld on one side the
+wrathful hermit, howling and shouting at him; and at the sight,
+tossed as he was by passionate longing in his absence from Kadambari,
+he could not forbear smiling a moment; but he checked his soldiers,
+who were laughing and beginning a quarrel with the hermit; and at
+length, with great difficulty, he calmed him with many a soothing and
+courteous speech, and asked him about his birthplace, caste, knowledge,
+wife and children, wealth, age, and the cause of his ascetic vow. On
+being asked, the latter described himself, and the prince was greatly
+interested by him as he garrulously described his past heroism, beauty,
+and wealth, and thus diverted his mind in its soreness of bereavement;
+and, having become friendly with him, he caused betel to be offered to
+him. (427) When the sun set, the princes encamped under the trees that
+chanced [325] to be near; the golden saddles of the steeds were hung
+on boughs; the steeds showed the exertions they had gone through,
+from the tossing of their manes dusty with rolling on the earth,
+and after they had taken some handfuls of grass and been watered,
+and were refreshed, they were tethered, with the spears dug into the
+ground before them; the soldiery, wearied [326] with the day's march,
+appointed a watch, and gladly went to sleep on heaps of leaves near
+the horses; the encampment was bright as day, for the darkness was
+drunk up by the light of many a bivouac fire, and Candrapida went to a
+couch prepared for him by his retinue, and pointed out to him by his
+porters, in front of the place where Indrayudha was tethered. But
+the very moment he lay down restlessness seized his heart, and,
+overcome by pain, he dismissed the princes, and said nothing even
+to the special favourites who stood behind him. With closed eyes
+he again and again went in heart to the Kimpurusha land. With fixed
+thought he recalled Hemakuta. He thought on the spontaneous kindness
+of Maha�veta's favours. [327] He constantly longed for the sight
+of Kadambari as his life's highest fruit. He continually desired
+the converse of Madalekha, so charming in its absence of pride. He
+wished to see Tamalika. He looked forward to Keyuraka's coming. He
+beheld in fancy the winter palace. He often sighed a long, feverish
+sigh. He bestowed on the �esha necklace a kindness beyond that for
+his kin. (428) He thought he saw fortunate Patralekha standing behind
+him. Thus he passed the night without sleep; and, rising at dawn,
+he fulfilled the hermit's wish by wealth poured out at his desire,
+and, sojourning at pleasant spots on the way, in a few days he
+reached Ujjayini. A thousand hands, like lotuses of offering to a
+guest raised in reverent salutation, were raised by the citizens in
+their confusion and joy at his sudden coming, as he then unexpectedly
+entered the city. The king heard from the retinue [328] hastening to
+be first to tell him that Candrapida was at the gate, and bewildered
+by sudden gladness, with steps slow from the weight of joy, he went to
+meet his son. Like Mandara, he drew to himself as a Milky Ocean his
+spotless silk mantle that was slipping down; like the kalpa-tree,
+with its shower of choice pearls, he rained tears of gladness;
+he was followed by a thousand chiefs that were round him--chiefs
+with topknots white with age, anointed with sandal, wearing untorn
+[329] linen robes, bracelets, turbans, crests and wreaths, bearing
+swords, staves, umbrellas and cowries, making the earth appear rich
+in Kailasas and Milky Oceans. The prince, seeing his father from afar,
+dismounted, and touched the ground with a head garlanded by the rays of
+his crest-jewels. Then his father stretched out his arms, bidding him
+approach, and embraced him closely; and when he had paid his respects
+to all the honourable persons who were there, he was led by the king
+to Vilasavati's palace. (429) His coming was greeted by her and her
+retinue, and when he had performed all the auspicious ceremonies of
+arrival, he stayed some time in talk about his expedition of conquest,
+and then went to see �ukanasa. Having duly stayed there some time, he
+told him that Vai�ampayana was at the camp and well, and saw Manorama;
+and then returning, he mechanically [330] performed the ceremonies
+of bathing, and so forth, in Vilasavati's palace. On the morrow he
+went to his own palace, and there, with a mind tossed by anxiety,
+he deemed that not only himself, but his palace and the city, and,
+indeed, the whole world, was but a void without Kadambari, and so, in
+his longing to hear news of her, he awaited the return of Patralekha,
+as though it were a festival, or the winning of a boon, or the time
+of the rising of amrita.
+
+'"A few days later Meghanada came with Patralekha, and led her in;
+and as she made obeisance from afar, Candrapida smiled affectionately,
+and, rising reverently, embraced her; for though she was naturally
+dear to him, she was now yet dearer as having won a fresh splendour
+from Kadambari's presence. He laid his slender hand on Meghanada's
+back as he bent before him, and then, sitting down, he said: 'Tell me,
+Patralekha, is all well with Maha�veta and Madalekha, and the lady
+Kadambari? (430) And are all her retinue well, with Tamalika and
+Keyuraka?' 'Prince,' she replied, 'all is well, as thou sayest. The
+lady Kadambari, with her friends and retinue, do thee homage by making
+their raised hands into a wreath for their brows.' At these words the
+prince dismissed his royal retinue, and went with Patralekha into
+the palace. Then, with a tortured heart, no longer able from its
+intense love to overcome his eagerness to hear, he sent his retinue
+far away and entered the house. With his lotus-feet he pushed away
+the pair of hamsas that were sleeping happily on the slope beneath a
+leafy bower that made an emerald banner; and, resting in the midst
+of a fresh bed of hybiscus, that made a sunshade with its broad,
+long-stalked leaves, he sat down, and asked: 'Tell me, Patralekha,
+how thou hast fared. How many days wert thou there? What favour did
+the princess show thee? What talk was there, and what conversation
+arose? Who most remembers us, and whose affection is greatest?' [331]
+Thus questioned, she told him: 'Give thy mind and hear all. When thou
+wert gone, I returned with Keyuraka, and sat down near the couch of
+flowers; and there I gladly remained, receiving ever fresh marks of
+kindness from the princess. What need of words? (431) The whole of
+that day her eye, her form, her hand, were on mine; her speech dwelt
+on my name and her heart on my love. On the morrow, leaning on me,
+she left the winter palace, and, wandering at will, bade her retinue
+remain behind, and entered the maidens' garden. By a flight of emerald
+steps, that might have been formed from Jamuna's [332] waves, she
+ascended to a white summer-house, and in it she stayed some time,
+leaning against a jewelled pillar, deliberating with her heart,
+wishing to say something, and gazing on my face with fixed pupil
+and motionless eyelashes. As she looked she formed her resolve, and,
+as if longing to enter love's fire, she was bathed in perspiration;
+whereat a trembling came upon her, so that, shaking in every limb as
+though fearing to fall, she was seized by despair.
+
+'"'But when I, who knew her thoughts, fixed my mind on her, and,
+fastening my eyes on her face, bade her speak, she seemed to be
+restrained by her own trembling limbs; with a toe that marked the
+floor as if for retreat, she seemed to rub out her own image in shame
+that it should hear her secret; (432) with her lotus foot--its anklets
+all set jingling by the scratching of the floor--she pushed aside the
+tame geese; with a strip of silk made into a fan for her hot face,
+she drove away the bees on her ear-lotuses; to the peacock she gave,
+like a bribe, a piece of betel broken by her teeth; and gazing often
+on every side lest a wood-goddess should listen, much as she longed
+to speak, she was checked in her utterance by shame, and could not
+speak a word. [333] Her voice, in spite of her greatest efforts,
+was wholly burnt up by love's fire, borne away by a ceaseless flow
+of tears, overwhelmed by onrushing griefs, broken by love's falling
+shafts, banished by invading sighs, restrained by the hundred
+cares that dwelt in her heart, and drunk by the bees that tasted
+her breath, so that it could not come forth. In brief, she made a
+pearl rosary to count her many griefs with the bright tears that
+fell without touching her cheeks, as with bent head she made the
+very image of a storm. Then from her shame learnt its full grace;
+modesty, a transcendant modesty; simplicity, simplicity; courtesy,
+courtesy; (433) fear, timidity; coquetry, its quintessence; despair,
+its own nature; and charm, a further charm. And so, when I asked her,
+"Princess, what means this?" she wiped her reddened eyes, and, holding
+a garland woven by the flowers of the bower with arms which, soft as
+lotus-fibres, seemed meant to hold her firmly in the excess of her
+grief, she raised one eyebrow, as if gazing on the path of death,
+and sighed a long, fevered sigh. And as, in desire to know the cause
+of her sorrow, I pressed her to tell me, she seemed to write on the
+ketaki petals scratched by her nails in her shame, and so deliver her
+message. She moved her lower lip in eagerness to speak, and seemed to
+be whispering to the bees who drank her breath, and thus she remained
+some time with eyes fixed on the ground.
+
+'"'At last, often turning her glance to my face, she seemed to purify,
+with the tears that fell from her brimming eyes, the voice that the
+smoke of Love's fire had dimmed. And, in the guise of tears, she bound
+up with the rays of her teeth, flashing in a forced smile, the strange
+syllables of what she had meant to say, but forgotten in her tremor,
+and with great difficulty betook herself to speech. "Patralekha," she
+said to me, "by reason of my great favour for thee, neither father,
+mother, Maha�veta, Madalekha, nor life itself is dear to me as thou
+hast been since I first beheld thee. (434) I know not why my heart has
+cast off all my friends and trusts in thee alone. To whom else can I
+complain, or tell my humiliation, or give a share in my woe? When I
+have shown thee the unbearable burden of my woe, I will die. By my life
+I swear to thee I am put to shame by even my own heart's knowledge of
+my story; how much more by another's? How should such as I stain by
+ill report a race pure as moonbeams, and lose the honour which has
+descended from my sires, and turn my thoughts on unmaidenly levity,
+acting thus without my father's will, or my mother's bestowal, or my
+elders' congratulations, without any announcement, without sending
+of gifts, or showing of pictures? Timidly, as one unprotected,
+have I been led to deserve my parents' blame by that overweening
+Candrapida. Is this, I pray, the conduct of noble men? Is this the
+fruit of our meeting, that my heart, tender as a lotus filament,
+is now crushed? For maidens should not be lightly treated by youths;
+the fire of love is wont to consume first their reserve and then their
+heart; the arrows of love pierce first their dignity and then their
+life. Therefore, I bid thee farewell till our meeting in another birth,
+for none is dearer to me than thou. (435) By carrying out my resolve
+of death, I shall cleanse my own stain." So saying, she was silent.
+
+'"'Not knowing the truth of her tale, I sorrowfully, as if ashamed,
+afraid, bewildered, and bereft of sense, adjured her, saying:
+"Princess, I long to hear. Tell me what Prince Candrapida has
+done. What offence has been committed? By what discourtesy has he
+vexed that lotus-soft heart of thine, that none should vex? When I
+have heard this, thou shalt die on my lifeless body." Thus urged,
+she again began: "I will tell thee; listen carefully. In my dreams
+that cunning villain comes daily and employs in secret messages a
+caged parrot and a starling. In my dreams he, bewildered in mind with
+vain desires, writes in my earrings to appoint meetings. He sends
+love-letters with their syllables washed away, filled with mad hopes,
+most sweet, and showing his own state by the lines of tears stained
+with pigment falling on them. By the glow of his feelings he dyes my
+feet against my will. In his reckless insolence he prides himself on
+his own reflection in my nails. (436) In his unwarranted boldness
+he embraces me against my will in the gardens when I am alone,
+and almost dead from fear of being caught, as the clinging of my
+silken skirts to the branches hinders my steps, and my friends the
+creepers seize and deliver me to him. Naturally crooked, he teaches
+the very essence of crookedness to a heart by nature simple by the
+blazonry he paints on my breast. Full of guileful flattery, he fans
+with his cool breath my cheeks all wet and shining as with a breeze
+from the waves of my heart's longing. He boldly places the rays of his
+nails like young barley-sheaves on my ear, though his hand is empty,
+because its lotus has fallen from his grasp relaxed in weariness. He
+audaciously draws me by the hair to quaff the sweet wine of his breath,
+inhaled by him when he watered his favourite bakul-flowers. Mocked by
+his own folly, he demands on his head the touch of my foot, destined
+for the palace a�oka-tree. [334] In his utter love madness, he says:
+'Tell me, Patralekha, how a madman can be rejected?' For he considers
+refusal a sign of jealousy; he deems abuse a gentle jest; he looks
+on silence as pettishness; he regards the mention of his faults as a
+device for thinking of him; he views contempt as the familiarity of
+love; he esteems the blame of mankind as renown."
+
+'"'A sweet joy filled me as I heard her say this, and I thought,
+(437) "Surely Love has led her far in her feelings for Candrapida. If
+this indeed be true, he shows in visible form, under the guise of
+Kadambari, his tender feeling towards the prince, and he is met
+by the prince's innate and carefully-trained virtues. The quarters
+gleam with his glory; a rain of pearls is cast by his youth on the
+waves of the ocean of tenderness; his name is written by his youthful
+gaiety on the moon; his own fortune is proclaimed by his happy lot;
+and nectar is showered down by his grace as by the digits of the moon."
+
+'"'Moreover, the Malaya wind has at length its season; moonrise has
+gained its full chance; the luxuriance of spring flowers has won a
+fitting fruit; the sharpness of wine has mellowed to its full virtue,
+and the descent of love's era is now clearly manifest on earth.
+
+'"'Then I smiled, and said aloud: "If it be so, princess, cease thy
+wrath. Be appeased. Thou canst not punish the prince for the faults of
+Kama. These truly are the sports of Love, the god of the Flowery Bow,
+not of a wanton Candrapida."
+
+'"'As I said this, she eagerly asked me: "As for this Kama, whoever
+he may be, tell me what forms he assumes."
+
+'"'"How can he have forms?" replied I. "He is a formless fire. For
+without flame he creates heat; without smoke he makes tears flow;
+without the dust of ashes he shows whiteness. Nor is there a being
+in all the wide universe who is not, or has not been, or will not be,
+the victim of his shaft. Who is there that fears him not? (438) Even
+a strong man is pierced by him when he takes in hand his flowery bow.
+
+'"'"Moreover, when tender women are possessed by him, they gaze,
+and the sky is crowded with a thousand images of their beloved. They
+paint the loved form; the earth is a canvas all too small. They reckon
+the virtues of their hero; number itself fails them. They listen to
+talk about their dearest; the Goddess of Speech herself seems all too
+silent. They muse on the joys of union with him who is their life;
+and time itself is all too short to their heart."
+
+'"'She pondered a moment on this ere she replied: "As thou sayest,
+Patralekha, Love has led me into tenderness for the prince. For all
+these signs and more are found in me. Thou art one with my own heart,
+and I ask thee to tell me what I should now do? I am all unversed in
+such matters. Moreover, if I were forced to tell my parents, I should
+be so ashamed that my heart would choose death rather than life."
+
+'"'Then again I answered; "Enough, princess! Why this needless talk
+of death as a necessary condition? [335] Surely, fair maiden, though
+thou hast not sought to please him, Love has in kindness given thee
+this boon. Why tell thy parents? Love himself, like a parent, plans
+for thee; (439) like a mother, he approves thee; like a father, he
+bestows thee; like a girl friend, he kindles thine affection; like
+a nurse, he teaches thy tender age the secrets of love. Why should I
+tell thee of those who have themselves chosen their lords? For were
+it not so, the ordinance of the svayamvara in our law-books [336]
+would be meaningless. Be at rest, then, princess. Enough of this talk
+of death. I conjure thee by touching thy lotus-foot to send me. I am
+ready to go. I will bring back to thee, princess, thy heart's beloved."
+
+'"'When I had said this, she seemed to drink me in with a tender
+glance; she was confused by an ardour of affection which, though
+restrained, found a path, and burst through the reserve that Love's
+shafts had pierced. In her pleasure at my words, she cast off the
+silken outer robe which clung to her through her weariness, and
+left it suspended on her thrilling limbs. [337] She loosened the
+moonbeam necklace on her neck, put there as a noose to hang herself,
+and entangled in the fish ornaments of her swinging earring. Yet,
+though her whole soul was in a fever of joy, she supported herself
+by the modesty which is a maiden's natural dower, and said: "I
+know thy great love. But how could a woman, tender of nature as a
+young �irisha-blossom, show such boldness, especially one so young
+as I? (440) Bold, indeed, are they who themselves send messages, or
+themselves deliver a message. I, a young maiden, [338] am ashamed to
+send a bold message. What, indeed, could I say? 'Thou art very dear,'
+is superfluous. 'Am I dear to thee?' is a senseless question. 'My
+love for thee is great,' is the speech of the shameless. 'Without
+thee I cannot live,' is contrary to experience. 'Love conquers
+me,' is a reproach of my own fault. 'I am given to thee by Love,'
+is a bold offering of one's self. 'Thou art my captive,' is the
+daring speech of immodesty. 'Thou must needs come,' is the pride of
+fortune. 'I will come myself,' is a woman's weakness. 'I am wholly
+devoted to thee,' is the lightness of obtruded affection. 'I send
+no message from fear of a rebuff,' is to wake the sleeper. [339]
+'Let me be a warning of the sorrow of a service that is despised,'
+is an excess of tenderness. 'Thou shalt know my love by my death,'
+is a thought that may not enter the mind."'"'
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+PART II.
+
+
+(441) I hail, for the completion of the difficult toil of this
+unfinished tale, Uma and �iva, parents of earth, whose single body,
+formed from the union of two halves, shows neither point of union
+nor division.
+
+(442) I salute Narayana, creator of all, by whom the man-lion form
+was manifested happily, showing a face terrible with its tossing mane,
+and displaying in his hand quoit, sword, club and conch.
+
+I do homage to my father, that lord of speech, the creator by whom that
+story was made that none else could fashion, that noble man whom all
+honour in every house, and from whom I, in reward of a former life,
+received my being.
+
+(443) When my father rose to the sky, on earth the stream of the
+story failed with his voice. And I, as I saw its unfinished state
+was a grief to the good, began it, but from no poetic pride.
+
+For that the words flow with such beauty is my father's special gift;
+a single touch of the ray of the moon, the one source of nectar,
+suffices to melt the moonstone.
+
+As other rivers at their full enter the Ganges, and by being absorbed
+in it reach the ocean, so my speech is cast by me for the completion
+of this story on the ocean-flowing stream of my father's eloquence.
+
+Reeling under the strong sweetness of Kadambari [340] as one
+intoxicated, I am bereft of sense, in that I fear not to compose an
+ending in my own speech devoid of sweetness and colour.
+
+(444) The seeds that promise fruit and are destined to flower are
+forced by the sower with fitting toils; scattered in good ground, they
+grow to ripeness; but it is the sower's son who gathers them. [341]
+
+
+
+'"Moreover," Kadambari continued, "if the prince were brought shame
+itself, put to shame by my weakness, would not allow a sight of
+him. (446) Fear itself, frightened at the crime of bringing him by
+force, would not enter his presence. Then all would be over if my
+friend Patralekha did her utmost from love to me, and yet could not
+induce him to come, even by falling at his feet, either perchance
+from his respect for his parents, or devotion to royal duty, or love
+of his native land, or reluctance towards me. Nay, more. (448) I am
+that Kadambari whom he saw resting on a couch of flowers in the winter
+palace, and he is that Candrapida, all ignorant of another's pain,
+who stayed but two days, and then departed. I had promised Maha�veta
+not to marry while she was in trouble, though she besought me not
+to promise, saying, that Kama often takes our life by love even for
+one unseen. (449) But this is not my case. For the prince, imaged by
+fancy, ever presents himself to my sight, and, sleeping or waking,
+in every place I behold him. Therefore talk not of bringing him."
+
+'(450) Thereupon I [342] reflected, "Truly the beloved, as shaped in
+the imagination, is a great support to women separated from their
+loves, especially to maidens of noble birth." (451) And I promised
+Kadambari that I would bring thee, O Prince. (452) Then she, roused by
+my speech full of thy name, as by a charm to remove poison, suddenly
+opened her eyes, and said, "I say not that thy going pleases me,
+Patralekha. (453) It is only when I see thee that I can endure my
+life; yet if this desire possess thee, do what thou wilt!" So saying,
+she dismissed me with many presents.
+
+'Then with slightly downcast face Patralekha continued: "The recent
+kindness of the princess has given me courage, my prince, and I am
+grieved for her, and so I say to thee, 'Didst thou act worthily of
+thy tender nature in leaving her in this state?'"
+
+'Thus reproached by Patralekha, and hearing the words of Kadambari,
+so full of conflicting impulses, the prince became confused; (454)
+and sharing in Kadambari's feeling, he asked Patralekha with tears,
+"What am I to do? Love has made me a cause of sorrow to Kadambari,
+and of reproach to thee. (455) And methinks this was some curse that
+darkened my mind; else how was my mind deceived when clear signs were
+given, which would create no doubt even in a dull mind? All this my
+fault has arisen from a mistake. I will therefore now, by devoting
+myself to her, even with my life, act so that the princess may know
+me not to be of so hard a heart."
+
+'(456) While he thus spoke a portress hastened in and said: "Prince,
+Queen Vilasavati sends a message saying, 'I hear from the talk
+of my attendants that Patralekha, who had stayed behind, has now
+returned. And I love her equally with thyself. Do thou therefore come,
+and bring her with thee. The sight of thy lotus face, won by a thousand
+longings, is rarely given.'"
+
+'"How my life now is tossed with doubts!" thought the prince. "My
+mother is sorrowful if even for a moment she sees me not. (457) My
+subjects love me; but the Gandharva princess loves me more. Princess
+Kadambari is worthy of my winning, and my mind is impatient of delay;"
+so thinking, he went to the queen, and spent the day in a longing of
+heart hard to bear; (458) while the night he spent thinking of the
+beauty of Kadambari, which was as a shrine of love.
+
+'(459) Thenceforth pleasant talk found no entrance into him. His
+friends' words seemed harsh to him; the conversation of his kinsmen
+gave him no delight. (460) His body was dried up by love's fire, but
+he did not yield up the tenderness of his heart. (461) He despised
+happiness, but not self-control.
+
+'While he was thus drawn forward by strong love, which had its
+life resting on the goodness and beauty of Kadambari, and held
+backwards by his very deep affection for his parents, he beheld
+one day, when wandering on the banks of the Sipra, a troop of horse
+approaching. (462) He sent a man to inquire what this might be, and
+himself crossing the Sipra where the water rose but to his thigh,
+he awaited his messenger's return in a shrine of Kartikeya. Drawing
+Patralekha to him, he said, "Look! that horse-man whose face can
+scarce be descried is Keyuraka!"
+
+'(463) He then beheld Keyuraka throw himself from his horse while
+yet far off, gray with dust from swift riding, while by his changed
+appearance, his lack of adornment, his despondent face, and his eyes
+that heralded his inward grief, he announced, even without words,
+the evil plight of Kadambari. Candrapida lovingly called him as he
+hastily bowed and drew near, and embraced him. And when he had drawn
+back and paid his homage, the prince, having gratified his followers by
+courteous inquiries, looked at him eagerly, and said, "By the sight of
+thee, Keyuraka, the well-being of the lady Kadambari and her attendants
+is proclaimed. When thou art rested and at ease, thou shalt tell me
+the cause of thy coming;" and he took Keyuraka and Patralekha home
+with him on his elephant. (464) Then he dismissed his followers, and
+only accompanied by Patralekha, he called Keyuraka to him, and said:
+"Tell me the message of Kadambari, Madalekha and Maha�veta."
+
+'"What shall I say?" replied Keyuraka; "I have no message from any of
+these. For when I had entrusted Patralekha to Meghanada, and returned,
+and had told of thy going to Ujjayini, Maha�veta looked upwards,
+sighed a long, hot sigh, and saying sadly, 'It is so then,' returned
+to her own hermitage to her penance. Kadambari, as though bereft of
+consciousness, ignorant of Maha�veta's departure, only opened her eyes
+after a long time, scornfully bidding me tell Maha�veta; and asking
+Madalekha (465) if anyone ever had done, or would do, such a deed as
+Candrapida, she dismissed her attendants, threw herself on her couch,
+veiled her head, and spent the day without speaking even to Madalekha,
+who wholly shared her grief. When early next morning I went to her,
+she gazed at me long with tearful eyes, as if blaming me. And I, when
+thus looked at by my sorrowing mistress, deemed myself ordered to go,
+and so, without telling the princess, I have approached my lord's
+feet. Therefore vouchsafe to hear attentively the bidding of Keyuraka,
+whose heart is anxious to save the life of one whose sole refuge is in
+thee. For, as by thy first coming that virgin [343] forest was stirred
+as by the fragrant Malaya wind, so when she beheld thee, the joy of
+the whole world, like the spring, love entered her as though she were
+a red a�oka creeper. (466) But now she endures great torture for thy
+sake." (466-470) Then Keyuraka told at length all her sufferings, till
+the prince, overcome by grief, could bear it no longer and swooned.
+
+'Then, awakening from his swoon, he lamented that he was thought too
+hard of heart to receive a message from Kadambari or her friends,
+and blamed them for not telling him of her love while he was there.
+
+(476) '"Why should there be shame concerning one who is her servant,
+ever at her feet, that grief should have made its home in one so
+tender, and my desires be unfulfilled? (477) Now, what can I do
+when at some days' distance from her. Her body cannot even endure
+the fall of a flower upon it, while even on adamantine hearts like
+mine the arrows of love are hard to bear. When I see the unstable
+works began by cruel Fate, I know not where it will stop. (478)
+Else where was my approach to the land of the immortals, in my vain
+hunt for the Kinnaras? where my journey to Hemakuta with Maha�veta,
+or my sight of the princess there, or the birth of her love for me,
+or my father's command, that I could not transgress, for me to return,
+though my longing was yet unfulfilled? It is by evil destiny that
+we have been raised high, and then dashed to the ground. Therefore
+let us do our utmost to console [344] the princess." (479) Then in
+the evening he asked Keyuraka, "What thinkest thou? Will Kadambari
+support life till we arrive? (480) Or shall I again behold her face,
+with its eyes like a timid fawn's?" "Be firm, prince," he replied. "Do
+thine utmost to go." The prince had himself begun plans for going;
+but what happiness or what content of heart would there be without
+his father's leave, and how after his long absence could that be
+gained? A friend's help was needed here, but Vai�ampayana was away.
+
+'(484) But next morning he heard a report that his army had reached
+Da�apura, and thinking with joy that he was now to receive the favour
+of Fate, in that Vai�ampayana was now at hand, he joyfully told the
+news to Keyuraka. (485) "This event," replied the latter, "surely
+announces thy going. Doubtless thou wilt gain the princess. For when
+was the moon ever beheld by any without moonlight, or a lotus-pool
+without a lotus, or a garden without creeper? Yet there must be delay
+in the arrival of Vai�ampayana, and the settling with him of thy
+plans. But I have told thee the state of the princess, which admits
+of no delay. Therefore, my heart, rendered insolent by the grace
+bestowed by thy affection, desires that favour may be shown me by a
+command to go at once to announce the joy of my lord's coming." (486)
+Whereat the prince, with a glance that showed his inward satisfaction,
+replied: "Who else is there who so well knows time and place, or who
+else is so sincerely loyal? This, therefore, is a happy thought. Go to
+support the life of the princess and to prepare for my return. But let
+Patralekha go forward, too, with thee to the feet of the princess. For
+she is favoured by the princess." Then he called Meghanada, and bade
+him escort Patralekha, (487) while he himself would overtake them
+when he had seen Vai�ampayana. Then he bade Patralekha tell Kadambari
+that her noble sincerity and native tenderness preserved him, even
+though far away and burnt by love's fire, (489) and requested her
+bidding to come. (491) After their departure, he went to ask his
+father's leave to go to meet Vai�ampayana. The king lovingly received
+him, and said to �ukanasa: (492) "He has now come to the age for
+marriage. So, having entered upon the matter with Queen Vilasavati,
+let some fair maiden be chosen. For a face like my son's is not often
+to be seen. Let us then gladden ourselves now by the sight of the
+lotus face of a bride." �ukanasa agreed that as the prince had gained
+all knowledge, made royal fortune firmly his own, and wed the earth,
+there remained nothing for him to do but to marry a wife. "How fitly,"
+thought Candrapida, "does my father's plan come for my thoughts of a
+union with Kadambari! (493) The proverb 'light to one in darkness,'
+or 'a shower of nectar to a dying man,' is coming true in me. After
+just seeing Vai�ampayana, I shall win Kadambari." Then the king went
+to Vilasavati, and playfully reproached her for giving no counsel as
+to a bride for her son. (494) Meanwhile the prince spent the day in
+awaiting Vai�ampayana's return. And after spending over two watches
+of the night sleepless in yearning for him, (495) the energy of his
+love was redoubled, and he ordered the conch to be sounded for his
+going. (497) Then he started on the road to Da�apura, and after going
+some distance he beheld the camp, (501) and rejoiced to think he would
+now see Vai�ampayana; and going on alone, he asked where his friend
+was. But weeping women replied: "Why ask? How should he be here?" And
+in utter bewilderment he hastened to the midst of the camp. (502) There
+he was recognised, and on his question the chieftains besought him to
+rest under a tree while they related Vai�ampayana's fate. He was, they
+said, yet alive, and they told what had happened. (505) "When left by
+thee, he halted a day, and then gave the order for our march. 'Yet,'
+said he, 'Lake Acchoda is mentioned in the Purana as very holy. Let us
+bathe and worship �iva in the shrine on its bank. For who will ever,
+even in a dream, behold again this place haunted by the gods?' (506)
+But beholding a bower on the bank he gazed at it like a brother long
+lost to sight, as if memories were awakened in him. And when we urged
+him to depart, he made as though he heard us not; but at last he
+bade us go, saying that he would not leave that spot. (508) 'Do I not
+know well' said he, 'all that you urge for my departure? But I have
+no power over myself, and I am, as it were, nailed to the spot, and
+cannot go with you.' (510) So at length we left him, and came hither."
+
+'Amazed at this story, which he could not have even in a dream
+imagined, Candrapida wondered: "What can be the cause of his resolve
+to leave all and dwell in the woods? I see no fault of my own. He
+shares everything with me. Has anything been said that could hurt him
+by my father or �ukanasa?" (517) He at length returned to Ujjayini,
+thinking that where Vai�ampayana was there was Kadambari also,
+and resolved to fetch him back. (518) He heard that the king and
+queen had gone to �ukanasa's house, and followed them thither. (519)
+There he heard Manorama lamenting the absence of the son without
+whose sight she could not live, and who had never before, even in
+his earliest years, shown neglect of her. (520) On his entrance the
+king thus greeted him: "I know thy great love for him. Yet when I
+hear thy story my heart suspects some fault of thine." But �ukanasa,
+his face darkened with grief and impatience, said reproachfully: "If,
+O king, there is heat in the moon or coolness in fire, then there may
+be fault in the prince. (521) Men such as Vai�ampayana are portents of
+destruction, (522) fire without fuel, polished mirrors that present
+everything the reverse way; (523) for them the base are exalted,
+wrong is right, and ignorance wisdom. All in them makes for evil, and
+not for good. Therefore Vai�ampayana has not feared thy wrath, nor
+thought that his mother's life depends on him, nor that he was born
+to be a giver of offerings for the continuance of his race. (524)
+Surely the birth of one so evil and demoniac was but to cause us
+grief." (525) To this the king replied: "Surely for such as I to
+admonish thee were for a lamp to give light to fire, or daylight an
+equal splendour to the sun. Yet the mind of the wisest is made turbid
+by grief as the Manasa Lake by the rainy season, and then sight is
+destroyed. Who is there in this world who is not changed by youth? When
+youth shows itself, love for elders flows away with childhood. (528)
+My heart grieves when I hear thee speak harshly of Vai�ampayana. Let
+him be brought hither. Then we can do as is fitting." (529) �ukanasa
+persisted in blaming his son; but Candrapida implored leave to fetch
+him home, and �ukanasa at length yielded. (532) Then Candrapida
+summoned the astrologers, and secretly bade them name the day for
+his departure, when asked by the king or �ukanasa, so as not to delay
+his departure. "The conjunction of the planets," they answered him,
+"is against thy going. (533) Yet a king is the determiner of time. On
+whatever time thy will is set, that is the time for every matter." Then
+they announced the morrow as the time for his departure; and he spent
+that day and night intent on his journey, and deeming that he already
+beheld Kadambari and Vai�ampayana before him.
+
+'(534) And when the time came, Vilasavati bade him farewell in deep
+sorrow: "I grieved not so for thy first going as I do now. My heart
+is torn; my body is in torture; my mind is overwhelmed. (535) I know
+not why my heart so suffers. Stay not long away." He tried to console
+her, and then went to his father, who received him tenderly, (539)
+and finally dismissed him, saying: "My desire is that thou shouldst
+take a wife and receive the burden of royalty, so that I may enter on
+the path followed by royal sages; but this matter of Vai�ampayana is
+in the way of it, and I have misgivings that my longing is not to be
+fulfilled; else how could he have acted in so strange a way? Therefore,
+though thou must go, my son, return soon, that my heart's desire may
+not fail." (540) At length he started, and spent day and night on his
+journey in the thought of his friend and of the Gandharva world. (544)
+And when he had travelled far the rainy season came on, and all the
+workings of the storms found their counterpart in his own heart. (548)
+Yet he paused not on his way, nor did he heed the entreaties of his
+chieftains to bestow some care on himself, but rode on all day. (549)
+But a third part of the way remained to traverse when he beheld
+Meghanada, and, asking him eagerly concerning Vai�ampayana, (550) he
+learnt that Patralekha, sure that the rains would delay his coming,
+had sent Meghanada to meet him, and that the latter had not been to the
+Acchoda lake. (552) With redoubled grief the prince rode to the lake,
+and bade his followers guard it on all sides, lest Vai�ampayana should
+in shame flee from them; but all his search found no traces of his
+friend. (553) "My feet," thought he, "cannot leave this spot without
+him, and yet Kadambari has not been seen. Perchance Maha�veta may know
+about this matter; I will at least see her." So he mounted Indrayudha,
+and went towards her hermitage. There dismounting, he entered; but
+in the entrance of the cave he beheld Maha�veta, with difficulty
+supported by Taralika, weeping bitterly. (554) "May no ill," thought
+he, "have befallen Kadambari, that Maha�veta should be in this state,
+when my coming should be a cause of joy." Eagerly and sorrowfully he
+questioned Taralika, but she only gazed on Maha�veta's face. Then
+the latter at last spoke falteringly: "What can one so wretched
+tell thee? Yet the tale shall be told. When I heard from Keyuraka of
+thy departure, my heart was torn by the thought that the wishes of
+Kadambari's parents, my own longing, and the sight of Kadambari's
+happiness in her union with thee had not been brought about, and,
+cleaving even the bond of my love to her, I returned home to yet
+harsher penance than before. (555) Here I beheld a young Brahman,
+like unto thee, gazing hither and thither with vacant glance. But at
+the sight of me his eyes were fixed on me alone, as if, though unseen
+before, he recognised me, though a stranger, he had long known me,
+and gazing at me like one mad or possessed, he said at last: 'Fair
+maiden, only they who do what is fitting for their birth, age, and form
+escape blame in this world. Why toilest thou thus, like perverse fate,
+in so unmeet an employment, in that thou wastest in stern penance a
+body tender as a garland? (556) The toil of penance is for those who
+have enjoyed the pleasures of life and have lost its graces, but not
+for one endowed with beauty. If thou turnest from the joys of earth,
+in vain does Love bend his bow, or the moon rise. Moonlight and the
+Malaya wind serve for naught.'"
+
+'"But I, caring for nothing since the loss of Pundarika, asked no
+questions about him, (557) and bade Taralika keep him away, for some
+evil would surely happen should he return. But in spite of being kept
+away, whether from the fault of love or the destiny of suffering that
+lay upon us, he did not give up his affection; and one night, while
+Taralika slept, and I was thinking of Pundarika, (559) I beheld in the
+moonlight, clear as day, that youth approaching like one possessed. The
+utmost fear seized me at the sight. 'An evil thing,' I thought,
+'has befallen me. If he draw near, and but touch me with his hand,
+this accursed life must be destroyed; and then that endurance of it,
+which I accepted in the hope of again beholding Pundarika, will have
+been in vain.' While I thus thought he drew near, and said: 'Moon-faced
+maiden, the moon, Love's ally, is striving to slay me. Therefore I
+come to ask protection. Save me, who am without refuge, and cannot
+help myself, for my life is devoted to thee. (560) It is the duty of
+ascetics to protect those who flee to them for protection. If, then,
+thou deign not to bestow thyself on me, the moon and love will slay
+me.' At these words, in a voice choked by wrath, I exclaimed: 'Wretch,
+how has a thunderbolt failed to strike thy head in the utterance of
+these thy words? Surely the five elements that give witness of right
+and wrong to mortals are lacking in thy frame, in that earth and air
+and fire and the rest have not utterly destroyed thee. Thou hast learnt
+to speak like a parrot, without thought of what was right or wrong
+to say. Why wert thou not born as a parrot? (561) I lay on thee this
+fate, that thou mayest enter on a birth suited to thine own speech,
+and cease to make love to one such as I.' So saying, I turned towards
+the moon, and with raised hands prayed: 'Blessed one, lord of all,
+guardian of the world, if since the sight of Pundarika my heart has
+been free from the thought of any other man, may this false lover by
+the truth of this my saying, fall into the existence pronounced by
+me.' Then straightway, I know not how, whether from the force of love,
+or of his own sin, or from the power of my words, he fell lifeless,
+like a tree torn up by the roots. And it was not till he was dead that
+I learnt from his weeping attendants that he was thy friend, noble
+prince." Having thus said, she bent her face in shame and silently
+wept. But Candrapida, with fixed glance and broken voice, replied:
+"Lady, thou hast done thine utmost, and yet I am too ill-fated to
+have gained in this life the joy of honouring the feet of the lady
+Kadambari. Mayest thou in another life create this bliss for me." (562)
+With these words his tender heart broke, as if from grief at failing
+to win Kadambari, like a bud ready to open when pierced by a bee.
+
+'Then Taralika burst into laments over his lifeless body and into
+reproaches to Maha�veta. And as the chieftains, too, raised their cry
+of grief and wonder, (564) there entered, with but few followers,
+Kadambari herself, attired as to meet her lover, though a visit
+to Maha�veta was the pretext of her coming, and while she leant on
+Patralekha's hand, she expressed her doubts of the prince's promised
+return, (565) and declared that if she again beheld him she would not
+speak to him, nor be reconciled either by his humility or her friend's
+endeavours. Such were her words; but she counted all the toil of
+the journey light in her longing to behold him again. But when she
+beheld him dead, with a sudden cry she fell to the ground. And when
+she recovered from her swoon, she gazed at him with fixed eyes and
+quivering mouth, like a creeper trembling under the blow of a keen
+axe, and then stood still with a firmness foreign to her woman's
+nature. (566) Madalekha implored her to give her grief the relief of
+tears, lest her heart should break, and remember that on her rested the
+hopes of two races. "Foolish girl," replied Kadambari, with a smile,
+"how should my adamantine heart break if it has not broken at this
+sight? These thoughts of family and friends are for one who wills to
+live, not for me, who have chosen death; for I have won the body of
+my beloved, which is life to me, and which, whether living or dead,
+whether by an earthly union, or by my following it in death, suffices
+to calm every grief. It is for my sake that my lord came hither and
+lost his life; how, then, could I, by shedding tears, make light of
+the great honour to which he has raised me? or how bring an ill-omened
+mourning to his departure to heaven? or how weep at the joyous moment
+when, like the dust of his feet, I may follow him? Now all sorrow is
+far away. (567) For him I neglected all other ties; and now, when he is
+dead, how canst thou ask me to live? In dying now lies my life, and to
+live would be death to me. Do thou take my place with my parents and
+my friends, and mayest thou be the mother of a son to offer libations
+of water for me when I am in another world. Thou must wed the young
+mango in the courtyard, dear to me as my own child, to the madhavi
+creeper. Let not a twig of the a�oka-tree that my feet have caressed be
+broken, even to make an earring. Let the flowers of the malati creeper
+I tended be plucked only to offer to the gods. Let the picture of Kama
+in my room near my pillow be torn in pieces. The mango-trees I planted
+must be tended so that they may come to fruit. (568) Set free from the
+misery of their cage the maina Kalindi and the parrot Parihasa. Let
+the little mongoose that rested in my lap now rest in thine. Let my
+child, the fawn Taralaka, be given to a hermitage. Let the partridges
+on the pleasure-hill that grew up in my hand be kept alive. See that
+the hamsa that followed my steps be not killed. Let my poor ape be
+set free, for she is unhappy in the house. Let the pleasure-hill be
+given to some calm-souled hermit, and let the things I use myself be
+given to Brahmans. My lute thou must lovingly keep in thine own lap,
+and anything else that pleases thee must be thine own. But as for
+me, I will cling to my lord's neck, and so on the funeral pyre allay
+the fever which the moon, sandal, lotus-fibres, and all cool things
+have but increased." (569) Then she embraced Maha�veta, saying: "Thou
+indeed hast some hope whereby to endure life, even though its pains
+be worse than death; but I have none, and so I bid thee farewell,
+dear friend, till we meet in another birth."
+
+'As though she felt the joy of reunion, she honoured the feet of
+Candrapida with bent head, and placed them in her lap. (570) At
+her touch a strange bright light arose from Candrapida's body, and
+straightway a voice was heard in the sky: "Dear Maha�veta, I will
+again console thee. The body of thy Pundarika, nourished in my world
+and by my light, free from death, awaits its reunion with thee. The
+other body, that of Candrapida, is filled with my light, and so is
+not subject to death, both from its own nature, and because it is
+nourished by the touch of Kadambari; it has been deserted by the
+soul by reason of a curse, like the body of a mystic whose spirit
+has passed into another form. Let it rest here to console thee and
+Kadambari till the curse be ended. Let it not be burnt, nor cast into
+water, nor deserted. It must be kept with all care till its reunion."
+
+'All but Patralekha were astounded at this saying, and fixed their
+gaze on the sky; but she, recovering, at the cool touch of that light,
+from the swoon brought on by seeing the death of Candrapida, rose,
+hastily seizing Indrayudha from his groom, saying: "However it may be
+for us, thou must not for a moment leave thy master to go alone without
+a steed on his long journey;" and plunged, together with Indrayudha,
+into the Acchoda Lake. (571) Straightway there rose from the lake a
+young ascetic, and approaching Maha�veta, said mournfully: "Princess
+of the Gandharvas, knowest thou me, now that I have passed through
+another birth?" Divided between joy and grief, she paid homage to
+his feet, and replied: "Blessed Kapi�jala, am I so devoid of virtue
+that I could forget thee? And yet this thought of me is natural,
+since I am so strangely ignorant of myself and deluded by madness
+that when my lord Pundarika is gone to heaven I yet live. (572) Tell
+me of Pundarika." He then recalled how he had flown into the sky in
+pursuit of the being who carried off Pundarika, and passing by the
+wondering gods in their heavenly cars, he had reached the world of
+the moon. "Then that being," he continued, "placed Pundarika's body
+on a couch in the hall called Mahodaya, and said: 'Know me to be the
+moon! (573) When I was rising to help the world I was cursed by thy
+friend, because my beams were slaying him before he could meet his
+beloved; and he prayed that I, too, might die in the land of Bharata,
+the home of all sacred rites, knowing myself the pains of love. But I,
+wrathful at being cursed for what was his own fault, uttered the curse
+that he should endure the same lot of joy or sorrow as myself. When,
+however, my anger passed away, I understood what had happened about
+Maha�veta. Now, she is sprung from the race that had its origin in
+my beams, and she chose him for her lord. Yet he and I must both
+be born twice in the world of mortals, else the due order of births
+will not be fulfilled. I have therefore carried the body hither, and
+I nourish it with my light lest it should perish before the curse is
+ended, and I have comforted Maha�veta. (574) Tell the whole matter to
+Pundarika's father. His spiritual power is great, and he may find a
+remedy.' And I, rushing away in grief, leapt off another rider in a
+heavenly chariot, and in wrath he said to me: 'Since in the wide path
+of heaven thou hast leapt over me like a horse in its wild course,
+do thou become a horse, and descend into the world of mortals.' To
+my tearful assurance that I had leapt over him in the blindness of
+grief, and not from contempt, he replied: 'The curse, once uttered,
+cannot be recalled. But when thy rider shall die, thou shalt bathe and
+be freed from the curse.' Then I implored him that as my friend was
+about to be born with the moon-god, in the world of mortals, I might,
+as a horse, constantly dwell with him. (575) Softened by my affection,
+he told me that the moon would be born as a son to King Tarapida
+at Ujjayini, Pundarika would be the son of his minister, �ukanasa,
+and that I should be the prince's steed. Straightway I plunged into
+the ocean, and rose as a horse, but yet lost not consciousness of the
+past. I it was who purposely brought Candrapida hither in pursuit of
+the kinnaras. And he who sought thee by reason of the love implanted
+in a former birth, and was consumed by a curse in thine ignorance,
+was my friend Pundarika come down to earth."
+
+'Then Maha�veta beat her breast with a bitter cry, saying: "Thou didst
+keep thy love for me through another birth, Pundarika; I was all the
+world to thee; and yet, like a demon, born for thy destruction even in
+a fresh life, I have received length of years but to slay thee again
+and again. (576) Even in thee, methinks, coldness must now have sprung
+up towards one so ill-fated, in that thou answerest not my laments;"
+and she flung herself on the ground. But Kapi�jala pityingly replied:
+"Thou art blameless, princess, and joy is at hand. Grieve not,
+therefore, but pursue the penance undertaken by thee; for to perfect
+penance naught is impossible, and by the power of thine austerities
+thou shalt soon be in the arms of my friend."
+
+'(577) Then Kadambari asked Kapi�jala what had become of Patralekha
+when she plunged with him into the tank. But he knew naught of what
+had happened since then, either to her, or his friend, or Candrapida,
+and rose to the sky to ask the sage �vetaketu, Pundarika's father,
+to whom everything in the three worlds was visible.
+
+'(577-578) Then Maha�veta counselled Kadambari, whose love to her was
+drawn the closer from the likeness of her sorrow, that she should
+spend her life in ministering to the body of Candrapida, nothing
+doubting that while others, to gain good, worshipped shapes of wood
+and stone that were but images of invisible gods, she ought to worship
+the present deity, veiled under the name of Candrapida. Laying his
+body tenderly on a rock, Kadambari put off the adornments with which
+she had come to meet her lover, keeping but one bracelet as a happy
+omen. She bathed, put on two white robes, rubbed off the deep stain of
+betel from her lips, (579) and the very flowers, incense, and unguents
+she had brought to grace a happy love she now offered to Candrapida
+in the worship due to a god. That day and night she spent motionless,
+holding the feet of the prince, and on the morrow she joyfully saw
+that his brightness was unchanged, (581) and gladdened her friends
+and the prince's followers by the tidings. (582) The next day she sent
+Madalekha to console her parents, and they sent back an assurance that
+they had never thought to see her wed, and that now they rejoiced
+that she had chosen for her husband the incarnation of the moon-god
+himself. They hoped, when the curse was over, to behold again her
+lotus-face in the company of their son-in-law. (583) So comforted,
+Kadambari remained to tend and worship the prince's body. Now, when
+the rainy season was over, Meghanada came to Kadambari, and told her
+that messengers had been sent by Tarapida to ask the cause of the
+prince's delay, (584) and that he, to spare her grief, had told them
+the whole story, and bade them hasten to tell all to the king. They,
+however, had replied that this might doubtless be so; yet, to say
+nothing of their hereditary love for the prince, the desire to see so
+great a marvel urged them to ask to be allowed to behold him; their
+long service deserved the favour; and what would the king say if they
+failed to see Candrapida's body? (585) Sorrowfully picturing to herself
+what the grief of Tarapida would be, Kadambari admitted the messengers,
+(586) and as they tearfully prostrated themselves, she consoled them,
+saying that this was a cause for joy rather than sorrow. "Ye have seen
+the prince's face, and his body free from change; therefore hasten to
+the king's feet. Yet do not spread abroad this story, but say that ye
+have seen the prince, and that he tarries by the Acchoda Lake. For
+death must come to all, and is easily believed; but this event,
+even when seen, can scarce win faith. It profits not now, therefore,
+by telling this to his parents, to create in them a suspicion of
+his death; but when he comes to life again, this wondrous tale will
+become clear to them." (587) But they replied: "Then we must either not
+return or keep silence. But neither course is possible; nor could we
+so greet the sorrowing king." She therefore sent Candrapida's servant
+Tvaritaka with them, to give credit to the story, for the prince's
+royal retinue had all taken a vow to live there, eating only roots
+and fruits, and not to return till the prince himself should do so.
+
+(589) 'After many days, Queen Vilasavati, in her deep longing for
+news of her son, went to the temple of the Divine Mothers of Avanti,
+[345] the guardian goddesses of Ujjayini, to pray for his return; and
+on a sudden a cry arose from the retinue: "Thou art happy, O Queen! The
+Mothers have shown favour to thee! Messengers from the prince are at
+hand." Then she saw the messengers, with the city-folk crowding round
+them, asking news of the prince, or of sons, brothers, and other
+kinsfolk among his followers, (591) but receiving no answers. She
+sent for them to the temple court, and cried: "Tell me quickly of my
+son. (592) Have ye seen him?" And they, striving to hide their grief,
+replied: "O Queen, he has been seen by us on the shore of the Acchoda
+Lake, and Tvaritaka will tell thee the rest." "What more," said she,
+"can this unhappy man tell me? For your own sorrowful bearing has
+told the tale. Alas, my child! Wherefore hast thou not returned? When
+thou didst bid me farewell, I knew by my forebodings that I should not
+behold thy face again. (593) This all comes from the evil deeds of my
+former birth. Yet think not, my son, that I will live without thee,
+for how could I thus even face thy father? And yet, whether it be
+from love, or from the thought that one so fair must needs live, or
+from the native simplicity of a woman's mind, my heart cannot believe
+that ill has befallen thee." (594) Meanwhile, the news was told to
+the king, and he hastened to the temple with �ukanasa, and tried to
+rouse the queen from the stupor of grief, saying: (595) "My queen,
+we dishonour ourselves by this show of grief. Our good deeds in a
+former life have carried us thus far. We are not the vessel of further
+joys. That which we have not earned is not won at will by beating
+the breast. The Creator does what He wills, and depends on none. We
+have had the joy of our son's babyhood and boyhood and youth. We have
+crowned him, and greeted his return from his world conquest. (596)
+All that is lacking to our wishes is that we have not seen him wed,
+so that we might leave him in our place, and retire to a hermitage. But
+to gain every desire is the fruit of very rare merit. We must, however,
+question Tvaritaka, for we know not all yet." (597) But when he heard
+from Tvaritaka how the prince's heart had broken, he interrupted him,
+and cried that a funeral pyre should be prepared for himself near the
+shrine of Mahakala. (598) All his treasure was to be given to Brahmans,
+and the kings who followed him were to return to their own lands. Then
+Tvaritaka implored him to hear the rest of the story of Vai�ampayana,
+and his grief was followed by wonder; while �ukanasa, showing the
+desire of a true friend to forget his own grief and offer consolation,
+said: (599) "Sire, in this wondrous transitory existence, wherein
+wander gods, demons, animals and men, filled with joy and grief,
+there is no event which is not possible. Why then doubt concerning
+this? If from a search for reason, how many things rest only on
+tradition, and are yet seen to be true? As the use of meditation
+or certain postures to cure a poisoned man, the attraction of the
+loadstone, the efficacy of mantras, Vedic or otherwise, in actions
+of all kinds, wherein sacred tradition is our authority. (600) Now
+there are many stories of curses in the Puranas, the Ramayana, the
+Mahabharata, and the rest. For it was owing to a curse that Nahusha
+[346] became a serpent, Saudasa [347] a cannibal, Yayati decrepit,
+Tri�amku [348] a Candala, the heaven-dwelling Mahabhisha was born
+as �antanu, while Ganga became his wife, and the Vasus, [349] his
+sons. Nay, even the Supreme God, Vishnu, was born as Yamadagni's son,
+and, dividing himself into four, he was born to Da�aratha, and also
+to Vasudeva at Mathura. Therefore the birth of gods among mortals
+is not hard of belief. And thou, sire, art not behind the men of
+old in virtue, nor is the moon greater than the god from whom the
+lotus springs. Our dreams at our sons' birth confirm the tale; the
+nectar that dwells in the moon preserves the prince's body, (601)
+and his beauty that gladdens the world must be destined to dwell in
+the world. We shall therefore soon see his marriage with Kadambari,
+and therein find all the past troubles of life more than repaid. Do
+then thine utmost by worshipping gods, giving gifts to Brahmans,
+and practising austerities, to secure this blessing." (602-604) The
+king assented, but expressed his resolve to go himself to behold the
+prince, and he and the queen, together with �ukanasa and his wife,
+went to the lake. (605) Comforted by the assurance of Meghanada, who
+came to meet him, that the prince's body daily grew in brightness,
+he entered the hermitage; (606) while, at the news of his coming,
+Maha�veta fled in shame within the cave, and Kadambari swooned. And
+as he looked on his son, who seemed but to sleep, the queen rushed
+forward, and with fond reproaches entreated Candrapida to speak
+to them. (608) But the king reminded her that it was her part to
+comfort �ukanasa and his wife. "She also, to whom we shall owe the
+joy of again beholding our son alive, even the Gandharva princess,
+is yet in a swoon; do thou take her in thine arms, and bring her
+back to consciousness." Then she tenderly touched Kadambari, saying
+"Be comforted, my mother, [350] for without thee, who could have
+preserved the body of my son Candrapida? Surely thou must be wholly
+made of amrita, that we are again able to behold his face." (609) At
+the name of Candrapida and the touch of the queen, so like his own,
+Kadambari recovered her senses, and was helped by Madalekha to pay
+due honour, though with face bent in shame, to his parents. She
+received their blessing--"Mayest thou live long, and long enjoy an
+unwidowed life"--and was set close behind Vilasavati. The king then
+bade her resume her care of the prince, and took up his abode in
+a leafy bower near the hermitage, provided with a cool stone slab,
+and meet for a hermit, (610) and told his royal retinue that he would
+now carry out his long-cherished desire of an ascetic life, and that
+they must protect his subjects. "It is surely a gain if I hand over
+my place to one worthy of it, and by this enfeebled and useless body
+of mine win the joys of another world."
+
+'So saying, he gave up all his wonted joys, and betook himself to
+the unwonted life in the woods; he found a palace beneath the trees;
+the delights of the zenana, in the creepers; the affection of friends,
+in the fawns; the pleasure of attire, in rags and bark garments. (611)
+His weapons were rosaries; his ambition was for another world; his
+desire for wealth was in penance. He refused all the delicacies that
+Kadambari and Maha�veta offered him, and so dwelt with his queen and
+�ukanasa, counting all pains light, so that every morning and evening
+he might have the joy of seeing Candrapida.'
+
+Having told this tale, [351] the sage Jabali said with a scornful
+smile to his son Harita and the other ascetics: 'Ye have seen how this
+story has had power to hold us long, and to charm our hearts. And this
+is the love-stricken being who by his own fault fell from heaven,
+and became on earth Vai�ampayana, son of �ukanasa. He it is who,
+by the curse of his own wrathful father, and by Maha�veta's appeal
+to the truth of her heart, has been born as a parrot.' (612) As he
+thus spoke, I awoke, as it were, out of sleep, and, young as I was,
+I had on the tip of my tongue all the knowledge gained in a former
+birth; I became skilled in all arts; I had a clear human voice,
+memory, and all but the shape of a man. My affection for the prince,
+my uncontrolled passion, my devotion to Maha�veta, all returned. A
+yearning arose in me to know about them and my other friends, and
+though in deepest shame, I faintly asked Jabali: 'Now, blessed saint,
+that thou hast brought back my knowledge, my heart breaks for the
+prince who died in grief for my death. (613) Vouchsafe to tell me
+of him, so that I may be near him; even my birth as an animal will
+not grieve me.' With mingled scorn and pity he replied: 'Wilt thou
+not even now restrain thine old impatience? Ask, when thy wings are
+grown.' Then to his son's inquiry how one of saintly race should be
+so enslaved by love, he replied that this weak and unrestrained nature
+belonged to those born, like me, from a mother only. For the Veda says,
+'As a man's parents are, so is he,' (614) and medical science, too,
+declares their weakness. And he said my life now would be but short,
+but that when the curse was over, I should win length of years. I
+humbly asked by what sacrifices I should gain a longer life, but he
+bade me wait, and as the whole night had passed unobserved in his
+story, (615) he sent the ascetics to offer the morning oblation, while
+Harita took me, and placed me in his own hut near his couch, and went
+to his morning duties. (616) During his absence, I sorrowfully thought
+how hard it would be to rise from being a bird to being a Brahman,
+not to say a saint, who has the bliss of heaven. Yet if I could not
+be united to those I loved in past lives why should I yet live? But
+Harita then returned, and told me that Kapi�jala was there. (617-618)
+When I saw him weary, yet loving as ever, I strove to fly to him, and
+he, lifting me up, placed me in his bosom, and then on his head. (619)
+Then he told me, 'Thy father �vetaketu knew by divine insight of
+thy plight, and has begun a rite to help thee. As he began it I was
+set free from my horse's shape; (620) but he kept me till Jabali had
+recalled the past to thee, and now sends me to give thee his blessing,
+and say that thy mother Lakshmi is also helping in the rite.' (621)
+Then, bidding me stay in the hermitage, he rose to the sky, to take
+part in the rite. (622) After some days, however, my wings were grown,
+and I resolved to fly to Maha�veta, so I set off towards the north;
+(623) but weariness soon overtook me, and I went to sleep in a tree,
+only to wake in the snare of a terrible Candala. (624) I besought
+him to free me, for I was on the way to my beloved, but he said he
+had captured me for the young Candala princess, who had heard of
+my gifts. With horror I heard that I, the son of Lakshmi and of a
+great saint, must dwell with a tribe shunned even by barbarians;
+(625) but when I urged that he could set me free without danger,
+for none would see him, he laughed, and replied: 'He, for whom there
+exist not the five guardians of the world, [352] witnesses of right
+and wrong, dwelling within his own body to behold his actions, will
+not do his duty for fear of any other being.' (626) So he carried me
+off, and as I looked out in hope of getting free from him, I beheld
+the barbarian settlement, a very market-place of evil deeds. It was
+surrounded on all sides by boys engaged in the chase, unleashing their
+hounds, teaching their falcons, mending snares, carrying weapons, and
+fishing, horrible in their attire, like demoniacs. Here and there the
+entrance to their dwellings, hidden by thick bamboo forests, was to
+be inferred, from the rising of smoke of orpiment. On all sides the
+enclosures were made with skulls; (627) the dustheaps in the roads
+were filled with bones; the yards of the huts were miry with blood,
+fat, and meat chopped up. The life there consisted of hunting; the
+food, of flesh; the ointment, of fat; the garments, of coarse silk;
+the couches, of dried skins; the household attendants, of dogs; the
+animals for riding, of cows; the men's employment, of wine and women;
+the oblation to the gods, of blood; the sacrifice, of cattle. The
+place was the image of all hells. (628) Then the man brought me to
+the Candala maiden, who received me gladly, and placed me in a cage,
+saying: 'I will take from thee all thy wilfulness.' What was I to
+do? Were I to pray her to release me, it was my power of speech that
+had made her desire me; were I silent, anger might make her cruel;
+(629) still, it was my want of self-restraint that had caused all my
+misery, and so I resolved to restrain all my senses, and I therefore
+kept entire silence and refused all food.
+
+Next day, however, the maiden brought fruits and water, and when I
+did not touch them she said tenderly: 'It is unnatural for birds and
+beasts to refuse food when hungry. If thou, mindful of a former birth,
+makest distinction of what may or may not be eaten, yet thou art now
+born as an animal, and canst keep no such distinction. (630) There is
+no sin in acting in accordance with the state to which thy past deeds
+have brought thee. Nay, even for those who have a law concerning food,
+it is lawful, in a time of distress, to eat food not meet for them,
+in order to preserve life. Much more, then, for thee. Nor needst thou
+fear this food as coming from our caste; for fruit may be accepted
+even from us; and water, even from our vessels, is pure, so men say,
+when it falls on the ground.' I, wondering at her wisdom, partook of
+food, but still kept silence.
+
+'After some time, when I had grown up, I woke one day to find myself
+in this golden cage, and beheld the Candala maiden as thou, O king,
+hast seen her. (631) The whole barbarian settlement shewed like
+a city of the gods, and before I could ask what it all meant, the
+maiden brought me to thy feet. But who she is and why she has become a
+Candala, and why I am bound or brought hither, I am as eager as thou,
+O king, to learn.'
+
+Thereupon the king, in great amazement, sent for the maiden, and she,
+entering, overawed the king with her majesty, and said with dignity:
+'Thou gem of earth, lord of Rohini, joy of Kadambari's eyes--thou, O
+moon, hast heard the story of thy past birth, and that of this foolish
+being. Thou knowest from him how even in this birth he disregarded his
+father's command, and set off to seek his bride. Now I am Lakshmi,
+his mother, and his father, seeing by divine insight that he had
+started, bade me keep him in safety till the religious rite for him was
+completed, and lead him to repentance. (632) The rite is now over. The
+end of the curse is at hand. I brought him to thee that thou mightest
+rejoice with him thereat. I became a Candala to avoid contact with
+mankind. Do ye both therefore, straightway leave bodies beset with the
+ills of birth, old age, pain, and death, and win the joy of union with
+your beloved.' So saying, she suddenly rose to the sky, followed by
+the gaze of all the people, while the firmament rang with her tinkling
+anklets. The king, at her words, remembered his former birth and said:
+'Dear Pundarika, now called Vai�ampayana, happy is it that the curse
+comes to an end at the same moment for us both'; but while he spoke,
+Love drew his bow, taking Kadambari as his best weapon, and entered
+into the king's heart to destroy his life. (635) The flame of love
+wholly consumed him, and from longing for Maha�veta, Vai�ampayana,
+who was in truth Pundarika, endured the same sufferings as the king.
+
+Now at this time there set in the fragrant season of spring, as if to
+burn him utterly, (636) and while it intoxicated all living beings,
+it was used by Love as his strongest shaft to bewilder the heart of
+Kadambari. On Kama's festival she passed the day with great difficulty,
+and at twilight, when the quarters were growing dark, she bathed,
+worshipped Kama, and placed before him the body of Candrapida, washed,
+anointed with musk-scented sandal, and decked with flowers. (637)
+Filled with a deep longing, she drew nigh, as if unconsciously and
+suddenly, bereft by love of a woman's native timidity, she could
+no longer restrain herself, and clasped Candrapida's neck as though
+he were yet alive. At her ambrosial embrace the prince's life came
+back to him, and, clasping her closely, like one awakened from sleep
+(638), he gladdened her by saying: 'Timid one, away with fear! Thine
+embrace hath brought me to life; for thou art born of the Apsaras race
+sprung from nectar, and it was but the curse that prevented thy touch
+from reviving me before. I have now left the mortal shape of �udraka,
+that caused the pain of separation from thee; but this body I kept,
+because it won thy love. Now both this world and the moon are bound
+to thy feet. Vai�ampayana, too, the beloved of thy friend Maha�veta,
+has been freed from the curse with me.' While the moon, hidden
+in the shape of Candrapida, thus spoke, Pundarika descended from
+the sky, pale, wearing still the row of pearls given by Maha�veta,
+and holding the hand of Kapi�jala. (639) Gladly Kadambari hastened
+to tell Maha�veta of her lover's return, while Candrapida said:
+'Dear Pundarika, though in an earlier birth thou wast my son-in-law,
+[353] thou must now be my friend, as in our last birth.' Meanwhile,
+Keyuraka set off to Hemakuta to tell Hamsa and Citraratha, and
+Madalekha fell at the feet of Tarapida, who was absorbed in prayer
+to �iva, Vanquisher of Death, and Vilasavati, and told them the
+glad tidings. (640) Then the aged king came, leaning on �ukanasa,
+with the queen and Manorama, and great was the joy of all. Kapi�jala
+too brought a message to �ukanasa from �vetakatu, saying: 'Pundarika
+was but brought up by me; but he is thy son, and loves thee; do thou
+therefore keep him from ill, and care for him as thine own. (641) I
+have placed in him my own life, and he will live as long as the moon;
+so that my desires are fulfilled. The divine spirit of life in me now
+yearns to reach a region surpassing the world of gods.' That night
+passed in talk of their former birth; and next day the two Gandharva
+kings came with their queens, and the festivities were increased a
+thousandfold. Citraratha, however, said: 'Why, when we have palaces of
+our own, do we feast in the forest? Moreover, though marriage resting
+only on mutual love is lawful among us, [354] yet let us follow the
+custom of the world.' 'Nay,' replied Tarapida. 'Where a man hath
+known his greatest happiness, there is his home, even if it be the
+forest.1 (642) And where else have I known such joy as here? [355]
+All my palaces, too, have been given over to thy son-in-law; take
+my son, therefore, with his bride, and taste the joys of home.' Then
+Citraratha went with Candrapida to Hemakuta, and offered him his whole
+kingdom with the hand of Kadambari. Hamsa did the same to Pundarika;
+but both refused to accept anything, for their longings were satisfied
+with winning the brides dear to their hearts.
+
+Now, one day Kadambari, though her joy was complete, asked her husband
+with tears: 'How is it that when we all have died and come to life,
+and have been united with each other, Patralekha alone is not here,
+nor do we know what has become of her?' 'How could she be here, my
+beloved?' replied the prince tenderly. 'For she is my wife Rohini,
+and, when she heard I was cursed, grieving for my grief, she refused
+to leave me alone in the world of mortals, and though I sought to
+dissuade her, she accepted birth in that world even before me, that
+she might wait upon me. (643) When I entered on another birth, she
+again wished to descend to earth; but I sent her back to the world
+of the moon. There thou wilt again behold her.' But Kadambari, in
+wonder at Rohini's nobility, tenderness, loftiness of soul, devotion,
+and charm, was abashed, and could not utter a word.
+
+The ten nights that Candrapida spent at Hemakuta passed as swiftly
+as one day; and then, dismissed by Citraratha and Madira, who were
+wholly content with him, he approached the feet of his father. There he
+bestowed on the chieftains who had shared his sufferings a condition
+like his own, and laying on Pundarika the burden of government,
+followed the steps of his parents, who had given up all earthly
+duties. Sometimes from love of his native land, he would dwell in
+Ujjayini, where the citizens gazed at him with wide, wondering eyes;
+sometimes, from respect to the Gandharva king, at Hemakuta, beautiful
+beyond compare; sometimes, from reverence to Rohini, in the world
+of the moon, where every place was charming from the coolness and
+fragrance of nectar; sometimes, from love to Pundarika, by the lake
+where Lakshmi dwelt, on which the lotuses ever blossomed night and day,
+and often, to please Kadambari, in many another fair spot.
+
+With Kadambari he enjoyed many a pleasure, to which the yearning of
+two births gave an ever fresh [356] and inexhaustible delight. Nor
+did the Moon rejoice alone with Kadambari, nor she with Maha�veta,
+but Maha�veta with Pundarika, and Pundarika with the Moon, all spent
+an eternity of joy in each other's company, and reached the very
+pinnacle of happiness.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+APPENDIX.
+
+
+DESCRIPTION OF UJJAYINI.
+
+
+(102) There is a town by name Ujjayini, the proudest gem of the
+three worlds, the very birthplace of the golden age, created by the
+blessed Mahakala, [357] Lord of Pramathas, [358] Creator, Preserver
+and Destroyer of the Universe, as a habitation meet for himself, like
+a second earth. It is encompassed by a moat deep as hell--as by the
+ocean, mistaking it for another earth--and surrounded by fenced walls,
+white with plaster, like Kailasa, with its many points showing clear
+against the sky, through joy at being the dwelling of �iva.
+
+It is adorned with large bazaars, like the oceans when their waters
+were drunk by Agastya, stretching far, with gold-dust for sand,
+with conch and oyster pearls, coral and emeralds laid bare. The
+painted halls that deck it are filled with gods, demons, Siddhas,
+[359] Gandharvas, genii, and snakes, (103) and show like a row of
+heavenly chariots come down from the sky to behold fair women at
+ceaseless festivals. Its crossways shine with temples like Mandara
+whitened by the milk raised up by the churning stick, with spotless
+golden vases for peaks, and white banners stirred by the breeze
+like the peaks of Himalaya with the heavenly Ganges falling on
+them. Commons gray with ketaki pollen, dark with green gardens,
+watered by buckets constantly at work, and having wells adorned with
+brick seats, lend their charm. Its groves are darkened by bees vocal
+with honey draughts, its breeze laden with the sweetness of creeper
+flowers, all trembling. It pays open honour to Kama, with banners
+marked with the fish on the house-poles, with bells ringing merrily,
+with crimson pennons of silk, and red cowries steady, made of coral,
+standing upright in every house. Its sin is washed away by the
+perpetual recitation of sacred books. (104) It resounds with the cry
+of the peacocks, intent on a wild dance with their tails outspread
+from excitement in the bathing-houses, wherein is the steady, deep
+sound of the drums, and a storm caused by the heavy showers of spray,
+and beautiful rainbows made by the sunbeams cast upon it. It glitters
+with lakes, fair with open blue water-lilies, with their centre white
+as unclosed moon-lotuses, beautiful in their unwavering gaze, [360]
+like the thousand eyes of Indra. It is whitened with ivory turrets on
+all sides, endowed with plantain groves, white as flecks of ambrosial
+foam. It is girt with the river Sipra, which seems to purify the sky,
+with its waves forming a ceaseless frown, as though jealously beholding
+the river of heaven on the head of �iva, while its waters sway over
+the rounded forms of the Malavis, wild with the sweetness of youth.
+
+The light-hearted race that dwell there, like the moon on the locks
+of �iva, spread their glory [361] through all the earth, and have
+their horn filled with plenty; [362] like Mainaka, they have known no
+pakshapata; [363] like the stream of the heavenly Ganges, with its
+golden lotuses, their heaps of gold and rubies [364] shine forth;
+like the law-books, they order the making of water-works, bridges,
+temples, pleasure-grounds, wells, hostels for novices, wayside sheds
+for watering cattle, and halls of assembly; like Mandara, they have
+the best treasures of ocean drawn up for them; though they have charms
+against poison, [365] yet they fear snakes; [366] though they live
+on the wicked, [367] they give their best to the good; though bold,
+they are very courteous; though pleasant of speech, they are truthful;
+though handsome, [368] content with their wives; though they invite
+the entrance of guests, they know not how to ask a boon; though they
+seek love and wealth, they are strictly just; though virtuous, they
+fear another world. [369] They are connoisseurs in all arts, pleasant
+[370] and intelligent. They talk merrily, are charming in their humour,
+spotless in their attire, (106) skilled in foreign languages, clever
+at subtleties of speech, [371] versed in stories of all kinds, [372]
+accomplished in letters, having a keen delight in the Mahabharata,
+Puranas, and Ramayana, familiar with the Brihatkatha, masters of the
+whole circle of arts, especially gambling, lovers of the �astras,
+devoted to light literature, calm as a fragrant spring breeze,
+constantly going to the south; [373] upright, [374] like the wood of
+Himalaya; skilled in the worship of Rama, [375] like Lakshmana; open
+lovers of Bharata, like �atrughna; [376] like the day, following the
+sun; [377] like a Buddhist, bold in saying 'Yes' about all kinds of
+gifts; [378] like the doctrine of the Samkhya philosophy, possessed
+of noble men; [379] like Jinadharma, pitiful to life.
+
+The city seems possessed of rocks, with its palaces; it stretches like
+a suburb with its long houses; it is like the tree that grants desires
+with its good citizens; it bears in its painted halls the mirror of
+all forms. Like twilight, it shines with the redness of rubies; [380]
+(107) like the form of the Lord of Heaven, it is purified with the
+smoke of a hundred sacrifices; like the wild dance of �iva, it has
+the smiles, which are its white markets; [381] like an old woman, it
+has its beauty worn; [382] like the form of Garuda, it is pleasing
+in being the resting-place of Vishnu; [383] like the hour of dawn,
+it has its people all alert; like the home of a mountaineer, it has
+palaces in which ivory cowries [384] are hanging; like the form of
+�esha, [385] it always bears the world; like the hour of churning
+the ocean, it fills the end of the earth with its hubbub; [386]
+like the rite of inauguration, it has a thousand gold pitchers [387]
+at hand; like Gauri, it has a form fit to sit on the lion-throne;
+like Aditi, honoured in a hundred houses of the gods; like the
+sports of Mahavaraha, showing the casting down of Hiranyaksha;
+[388] like Kadru, it is a joy to the race of reptiles; [389] like
+the Harivam�a, it is charming with the games of many children. [390]
+(108) Though its courts are open to all, its glory is uninjured;
+[391] though it glows with colour, [392] it is white as nectar;
+though it is hung with strings of pearls, yet when unadorned [393]
+it is adorned the most; though composed of many elements, [394] it is
+yet stable, and it surpasses in splendour the world of the immortals.
+
+There the sun is daily seen paying homage to Mahakala, for his steeds
+vail their heads at the charm of the sweet chant of the women singing
+in concert in the lofty white palaces, and his pennon droops before
+him. There his rays fall on the vermeil floors like the crimson of
+eve; and on the emerald seats, as though busy in creating lotus beds;
+on the lapis-lazuli, as though scattered on the sky; on the circling
+aloe smoke, as though eager to break its dense gloom; on the wreaths
+of pearl, as though disdaining the clusters of stars; (109) on the
+women's faces, as though kissing unfolding lotuses; on the splendour of
+crystal walls, as though falling amid the pale moonlight of morning;
+on the white silken banners, as though hanging on the waves of the
+heavenly Ganges; on the sun-gems, as though blossoming from them;
+on the sapphire lattices, as though entering the jaws of Rahu. There
+darkness never falls, and the nights bring no separation to the pairs
+of cakravakas; nor need they any lamps, for they pass golden as with
+morning sunshine, from the bright jewels of women, as though the world
+were on fire with the flame of love. There, though �iva is at hand,
+the cry of the hamsas in the houses, arising sweet and ceaseless,
+at the kindling of love, fills the city with music, like the mourning
+of Rati for the burning of the God of Love. There the palaces stretch
+forth their flags, whose silken fringes gleam and flutter at night
+in the wind, like arms to remove the mark of the moon put to shame
+by the fair lotus-faced Malavis. (110) There the moon, deer-marked,
+moves, in the guise of his reflection, on the jewel pavement, cool
+with the sprinkling of much sandal-water, as though he had fallen
+captive to Love at the sight of the faces of the fair city dames
+resting on the palace roofs. There the auspicious songs of dawn
+raised by the company of caged parrots and starlings, though they
+sing their shrillest, as they wake at night's close, are drowned and
+rendered vain by the tinkling of women's ornaments, reaching far,
+and outvying the ambrosial voices of the tame cranes. [395] (111)
+There dwells �iva, who has pierced the demon Andhaka with his sharp
+trident, who has a piece of the moon on his brow polished by the
+points of Gauri's anklets, whose cosmetic is the dust of Tripura,
+and whose feet are honoured by many bracelets fallen from Rati's
+outstretched arms as she pacifies him when bereft of Kama.
+
+
+
+DESCRIPTION OF TARAPIDA. [396]
+
+(112) Like hell, he was the refuge of the lords of earth, [397]
+fearing when their soaring pride was shorn; [398] like the stars, he
+was followed by the wise men; [399] like Love, he destroyed strife;
+[400] like Da�aratha, he had good friends; [401] (113) like �iva,
+he was followed by a mighty host; [402] like �esha, he had the weight
+of the earth upon him; [403] like the stream of Narmada, his descent
+was from a noble tree. [404] He was the incarnation of Justice, the
+very representative of Vishnu, the destroyer of all the sorrows of
+his people. He re-established justice, which had been shaken to its
+foundations by the Kali Age, set on iniquity, and mantled in gloom
+by the spread of darkness, just as �iva re-established Kailasa when
+carried off by Ravana. He was honoured by the world as a second Kama,
+created by �iva when his heart was softened by the lamentations
+of Rati.
+
+(113-115) Before him bowed conquered kings with eyes whose pupils were
+tremulous and quivering from fear, with the bands of the wreaths on
+their crest ornaments caught by the rays of his feet, and with the line
+of their heads broken by the lotus-buds held up in adoration. They
+came from the Mount of Sunrise, [405] which has its girdle washed
+by the ocean waves, where the flowers on the trees of its slopes are
+doubled by stars wandering among the leaves, where the sandal-wood is
+wet with the drops of ambrosia that fall from the moon as it rises,
+where the clove-trees [406] blossom when pierced by the hoofs of
+the horses of the sun's chariot, where the leaves and shoots of the
+olibanum-trees are cut by the trunk of the elephant Airavata; (114)
+from Setubandha, built with a thousand mountains seized by the hand
+of Nala, [407] where the fruit on the lavali-trees is carried off by
+monkeys, where the feet of Rama are worshipped by the water-deities
+coming up from the sea, and where the rock is starred with pieces
+of shell broken by the fall of the mountain; from Mandara, where the
+stars are washed by the waters of pure waterfalls, where the stones are
+polished by the rubbing of the edge of the fish ornament of Krishna
+rising at the churning of ambrosia, where the slopes are torn by the
+weight of the feet moving in the effort of drawing hither and thither
+Vasuki coiled in the struggles of Gods and demons, where the peaks are
+sprinkled with ambrosial spray; from Gandhamadana, beautiful with the
+hermitage of Badarika marked with the footprints of Nara and Narayana,
+where the peaks are resonant with the tinkling of the ornaments of
+the fair dames of Kuvera's city, where the water of the streams is
+purified by the evening worship of the Seven Rishis, and where the
+land around is perfumed by the fragments of lotuses torn up by Bhima.
+
+
+
+CANDRAPIDA'S ENTRY INTO THE PALACE.
+
+(188) Preceded by groups of chamberlains, hastening up and bowing,
+he received the respectful homage of the kings, who had already taken
+their position there, who came forward on all sides, who had the ground
+kissed by the rays of the crest-jewels loosened from their crests and
+thrown afar, and who were introduced one by one by the chamberlains;
+at every step he had auspicious words for his dismounting uttered by
+old women of the zenana, who had come out from inside, and were skilled
+in old customs; having passed through the seven inner courts crowded
+with thousands of different living beings, as if they were different
+worlds, he beheld his father. The king was stationed within, surrounded
+by a body-guard whose hands were stained black by ceaseless grasping of
+weapons, who had their bodies, with the exception of hands, feet, and
+eyes, covered with dark iron coats of mail, (189) like elephant-posts
+covered with swarms of bees ceaselessly attracted by desire of the
+scent of ichor, hereditary in their office, of noble birth, faithful;
+whose heroism might be inferred from their character and gestures,
+and who in their energy and fierceness were like demons. On either
+side he had white cowries ceaselessly waved by his women; and he
+sat on a couch white as a wild goose, and bright as a fair island,
+as if he were the heavenly elephant on the water of Ganges.
+
+
+
+VILASAVATI'S ATTENDANTS.
+
+(190) Approaching his mother, he saluted her. She was surrounded by
+countless zenana attendants in white jackets, like �ri with the waves
+of milk, and was having her time wiled away by elderly ascetic women,
+very calm in aspect, wearing tawny robes, like twilight in its clouds,
+worthy of honour from all the world, with the lobes of their ears long,
+knowing many stories, relating holy tales of old, reciting legends,
+holding books, and giving instructions about righteousness. (191)
+She was attended by eunuchs using the speech and dress of women, and
+wearing strange decorations; she had a mass of cowries constantly waved
+around her, and was waited upon by a bevy of women seated around her,
+bearing clothes, jewels, flowers, perfumes, betel, fans, unguents,
+and golden jars; she had strings of pearls resting on her bosom, as
+the earth has the stream of Ganges flowing in the midst of mountains,
+and the reflection of her face fell on a mirror close by, like the
+sky when the moon's orb has entered into the sun.
+
+
+
+�UKANASA'S PALACE.
+
+(192) He reached �ukanasa's gate, which was crowded with a troop of
+elephants appointed for the watch, obstructed by thousands of horses,
+(193) confused with the hustling of countless multitudes, visited
+day and night by Brahmans, �aivas, and red-robed men skilled in
+the teaching of �akyamuni, clothed as it were in the garments of
+righteousness, sitting on one side by thousands, forming circles,
+coming for various purposes, eager to see �ukanasa, having their
+eyes opened by the ointment of their several �astras, and showing
+their respectful devotion by an appearance of humility. The gateway
+was filled with a hundred thousand she-elephants of the tributary
+kings who had entered the palace with double blankets drawn round
+the mahouts who sat on their shoulders, having their mahouts asleep
+from weariness of their long waiting, some saddled and some not,
+nodding their heads from their long standing motionless. The prince
+dismounted in the outer court, as though he were in a royal palace,
+though not stopped by the guards standing in the entrance and running
+up in haste; and having left his horse at the entrance, leaning on
+Vai�ampayana, and having his way shown by circles of gatekeepers,
+who hastened up, pushing away the bystanders, he received the salutes
+of bands of chiefs who arose with waving crests to do him homage,
+and beheld the inner courts with all the attendants mute in fear
+of the scolding of cross porters, and having the ground shaken by
+hundreds of feet of the retinues of neighbouring kings frightened by
+the moving wands, (194) and finally entered the palace of �ukanasa,
+bright inside with fresh plaster, as if it were a second royal court.
+
+
+
+DESCRIPTION OF NIGHT.
+
+(196) The brightness of day approached the west, following the path
+of the sun's chariot-wheels, like a stream of water. Day wiped away
+all the glow of the lotuses with the sun's orb hastening downwards
+like a hand roseate as fresh shoots. The pairs of cakravakas, whose
+necks were hidden in swarms of bees approaching from familiarity
+with the scent of lotuses, were separated as if drawn by the noose
+of destiny. The sun's orb poured forth, under the guise of a rosy
+glow, the lotus honey-draught, as it were, drunk in with its rays
+till the end of day, as if in weariness of its path through the
+heavens. And when in turn the blessed sun approached another world,
+and was a very red lotus-earring of the West, when twilight shone
+forth with its lotus-beds opening into the lake of heaven, (197)
+when in the quarters of space lines of darkness showed clear like
+decorations of black aloes; when the glow of eve was driven out by
+darkness like a band of red lotuses by blue lotuses dark with bees;
+when bees slowly entered the hearts of red lotuses, as if they were
+shoots of darkness, to uproot the sunshine drunk in by the lotus-beds;
+when the evening glow had melted away, like the garland round the face
+of the Lady of night; when the oblations in honour of the goddess of
+twilight were cast abroad in all quarters; when the peacock's poles
+seemed tenanted by peacocks, by reason of the darkness gathered round
+their summits, though no peacocks were there; when the doves, very
+ear-lotuses of the Lakshmi of palaces, were roosting in the holes of
+the lattices; when the swings of the zenana had their bells dumb,
+and their gold seats motionless and bearing no fair dames; when
+the bands of parrots and mainas ceased chattering, and had their
+cages hung up on the branches of the palace mango-trees; when the
+lutes were banished, and their sound at rest in the ceasing of the
+concert; when the tame geese were quiet as the sound of the maidens'
+anklets was stilled; (198) when the wild elephants had the clefts of
+their cheeks free from bees, and their ornaments of pearls, cowries,
+and shells taken away; when the lights were kindled in the stables
+of the king's favourite steeds; when the troops of elephants for the
+first watch were entering; when the family priests, having given their
+blessing, were departing; when the jewelled pavements, emptied almost
+of attendants on the dismissal of the king's suite, spread out wide,
+kissed by the reflection of a thousand lights shining in the inner
+apartments, like offerings of golden campak-blossoms; when the palace
+tanks, with the splendours of the lamps falling on them, seemed as if
+the fresh sunlight had approached to soothe the lotus-beds grieved by
+separation from the sun; when the caged lions were heavy with sleep;
+and when Love had entered the zenana like a watchman, with arrows in
+hand and bow strung; when the words of Love's messenger were uttered
+in the ear, bright in tone as the blossoms in a garland; when the
+hearts of froward dames, widowed by grief, were smouldering in the
+fire transmitted to them from the sun-crystals; and when evening had
+closed in, Candrapida ... went to the king's palace....
+
+
+
+THE REGION OF KAILASA.
+
+(243) The red arsenic-dust scattered by the elephants' tusks crimsoned
+the earth. The clefts of the rock were festooned with shoots of
+creepers, now separating and now uniting, hanging in twists, twining
+like leafage; the stones were wet with the ceaseless dripping of
+gum-trees; the boulders were slippery with the bitumen that oozed from
+the rocks. The slope was dusty with fragments of yellow orpiment broken
+by the mountain horses' hoofs; powdered with gold scattered from the
+holes dug out by the claws of rats; lined by the hoofs of musk-deer
+and yaks sunk in the sand and covered with the hair of rallakas and
+rankus fallen about; filled with pairs of partridges resting on the
+broken pieces of rock; with the mouths of its caves inhabited by pairs
+of orang-outangs; with the sweet scent of sulphur, and with bamboos
+that had grown to the length of wands of office.
+
+
+
+PASSAGES PRINTED IN THE APPENDIX. [408]
+
+
+        102,          1--110, 6
+        111,          1-4
+        112,          6--115, 1
+        188,          4--189, 5
+        190,          6--191, 5
+        192,          11--194, 2
+        196,          4--199, 1
+        243,          4-10
+
+
+
+PASSAGES CONDENSED OR OMITTED. [409]
+
+
+        11,           7--15, 2
+       *31,           10--34, 2
+        46,           7--48, 4
+        81,           3-10
+        83,           1-8
+        85,           3--89, 4
+        119,          3--124, 3
+        137,          7--138, 3
+        141,          6--155, 5
+        162,          8--164, 8
+        176,          6--188, 4
+       *199,          5--200, 9
+        203,          2--204, 2
+       *227,          4--234, 6
+        242,          6-10
+       *245,          4--248, 3
+        250,          3-8
+       *252,          7--256, 5
+        262,          1--266, 3
+        276,          9--277, 8
+        285,          2-4
+       *346,          7--348, 7
+        353,          6--355, 9
+        357,          1-10
+        359,          12--365, 2
+        369,          2-8
+       *383,          6--384,9
+        388,          5--390, 4
+        403,          6--410, 3
+        417,          1--426, 3
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+NOTES
+
+
+[1] It is needless to give here more than the few facts essential
+for the understanding of 'Kadambari,' for the life and times of Bana
+will probably be treated of in the translation of the 'Harsha-Carita'
+by Professor Cowell and Mr. Thomas in this series; and Professor
+Peterson's Introduction to his edition of 'Kadambari' (Bombay Sanskrit
+Series, 1889) deals fully with Bana's place in literature. The facts
+here given are, for the most part, taken from the latter work.
+
+[2] E.g., the Madhuban grant of Sam 25, E. I. i., 67 ff. For this
+and other chronological references I am indebted to Miss C. M. Duff,
+who has let me use the MS. of her 'Chronology of India.'
+
+[3] For Bana's early life, V. 'Harsha-Carita,' chs. i., ii. I have
+to thank Mr. F. W. Thomas for allowing me to see the proof-sheets of
+his translation.
+
+[4] Peterson, 'Kadambari,' pp. 96-98; and 'The Subhashitavali,'
+edited by Peterson (Bombay Sanskrit Series, 1886), pp. 62-66.
+
+[5] Translated by Mr. C. Tawney (Calcutta, 1884), vol. ii.,
+pp. 17-26. Somadeva's date is about A.D. 1063.
+
+[6] V. Peterson, 'Kadambari,' pp. 82-96.
+
+[7] Translated by Ballantyne and Pramada-Dasa-Mitra (Calcutta, 1875),
+� 567. The italics represent words supplied by the translators.
+
+[8] Kadambari,' p. 69.
+
+[9] Professor Peterson does not, however, make this deduction in
+favour of Bana's own version.
+
+[10] I.e., rasa, poetic charm.
+
+[11] 'Kadambari,' Nirnaya Sagara Press, Bombay, pp. 205-221. 'Evam
+samatikramatsu--ajagama.'
+
+[12] Bombay edition, p. 6.
+
+[13] Professor Cowells review of 'A Bengali Historical
+Novel.' Macmillan, April, 1872.
+
+[14] V. Peterson, 'Kadambari,' p. 42.
+
+[15] Indeed, this description is so like in spirit to that of
+Clairvaux, that I cannot forbear quoting a few lines of the latter. The
+writer describes the workshops where the brethren labour, and the
+orchard used for rest and quiet thought, and goes on to say how the
+Aube is raised by the toils of the brethren to the level of the Abbey;
+it throws half its water into the Abbey, 'as if to salute the brethren,
+and seems to excuse itself for not coming in its whole force.' Then
+'it returns with rapid current to the stream, and renders to it,
+in the name of Clairvaux, thanks for all the services which it has
+performed.' The writer then goes on to tell of the fountain which,
+protected by a grassy pavilion, rises from the mountain, and is
+quickly engulfed in the valley, 'offering itself to charm the sight
+and supply the wants of the brethren, as if it were not willing to
+have communition with any others than saints.' This last is surely
+a touch worthy of Bana. V. Dr. Eale's translation of 'St. Bernard's
+Works.' London, 1889, vol. ii., pp. 462-467.
+
+[16] Translated by Mr. C. Tawney. Oriental Translation Fund Series,
+p. 113.
+
+[17] V. 'Kadambari,' Nirnaya Sagara, p. 19, l. 2.
+
+[18] 'Hiouen Thsang,' translated by St. Julien, 'M�moires sur les
+Contr�es Occidentals,' I., pp. 247-265. Cf. also 'Harsha-Carita,'
+ch. viii. (p. 236 of the translation), where he pays great honour to
+a Buddhist sage.
+
+[19] E. I. i. 67.
+
+[20] V. 'Katha-Sarit-Sagara,' i. 505.
+
+[21] V. 'Kadambari,' pp. 97-104.
+
+[22] V. 'History of Indian Literature,' translation, London, 1878,
+p. 232.
+
+[23] V. 'Sahitya-Darpana,' � 626-628.
+
+[24] Ibid., � 630.
+
+[25]
+
+   'Not on thy sole, but on thy soul, harsh Jew,
+    Thou makest thy knife keen.'
+
+            'Merchant of Venice,' IV. 1, 123 (Globe edition).
+
+
+   'Now is it Rome indeed, and room enough,
+    When there is in it but one only man.'
+
+                            'Julius C�sar,' I. 2, 156.
+
+[26] V. 'Sahitya-Darpana,' � 664.
+
+[27] Ibid., � 718-722.
+
+[28] Ibid., � 738.
+
+[29] V. Peterson, 'Kadambari,' p. 36.
+
+[30] Cf. Spenser's stanzas on Mutability.
+
+[31] V. infra, p. 208.
+
+[32] V. infra, p. 2.
+
+[33] The list looks long, but the pages in the 'Nirnaya-Sagara'
+edition contain frequently but few lines, and many of the omissions
+are a line or two of oft-repeated similes.
+
+[34] Beginning at p. 566 of the 'Nirnaya-Sagara' edition.
+
+[35] I here take the opportunity to acknowledge what by an oversight
+was omitted in its proper place, my indebtedness to Professor Cowell
+for the rendering into English verse of two couplets given on pp. 11
+and 113.
+
+[36] As the three Vedas, or the triad.
+
+[37] Vishnu Purana, Bk. v., ch. 33.
+
+[38] His guru.
+
+[39] Rasa = (a) the eight rasas; (b) love.
+
+[40] �ayya = (a) composition; (b) couch.
+
+[41] (a) Which sparkle with emphatic words and similes; (b) like
+flashing lamps.
+
+[42] (a) Pun; (b) proximity.
+
+[43] Hanging on his ear (as an ornament).
+
+[44] In the case of elephants, 'having their ichor regulated by a
+proper regimen.'
+
+[45] With renowned warriors on their backs.
+
+[46] Having trunks as thick as sacrificial posts.
+
+[47] I.e., Vasavadatta and the Brihatkatha; or, r., advitiya,
+unrivalled.
+
+[48] (a) Unconquerable in might; (b) having unconquerable shafts.
+
+[49] In the case of Brahma, 'he made his chariot of flamingoes.'
+
+[50] (a) His hand was wet with a stream of constant giving; (b)
+the trunk was wet with ichor.
+
+[51] Or, to the sun's orb.
+
+[52] Vinata = (a) mother of Garuda; (b) humble.
+
+[53] Or, caste.
+
+[54] Or, fines of gold.
+
+[55] Or, fickle affections.
+
+[56] Had, mada = (a) pride; (b) ichor.
+
+[57] Or, breaking away from virtue.
+
+[58] Or, tribute.
+
+[59] In autumn, the hamsas, or wild geese, return.
+
+[60] Or, bamboos.
+
+[61] Ram. I. 60.
+
+[62] He had (a) great faults; (b) a long arm.
+
+[63] Dark.
+
+[64] I.e., imposed no heavy tribute.
+
+[65] Or, 'with citra and �ravana,' lunar mansions.
+
+[66] Or, living creatures.
+
+[67] (a) Of lowly birth; (b) not dwelling on earth.
+
+[68] (a) Candala; (b) elephant.
+
+[69] Or, ajati, without caste.
+
+[70] Alaka = (a) curls; (b) a city.
+
+[71] Or, whose love would be a reproach.
+
+[72] A verse in the arya measure.
+
+[73] Vipula, Acala, and �a�a, characters in the Brihatkatha. Or,
+broad mountains and hares.
+
+[74] Varuna, tree; varuna, wine.
+
+[75] Or, with lightning.
+
+[76] Constellations. The moon was supposed to have a deer dwelling
+in it.
+
+[77] (a) The cowries held by the suite; (b) different kinds of deer.
+
+[78] (a) Rocky; (b) having �iva.
+
+[79] Ku�a: (a) Sita's son; (b) grass. Ni�acara: (a) Ravana; (b) owls.
+
+[80] (a) Mark of aloes on the brow; (b) tilaka trees and aloe trees
+all bright.
+
+[81] (a) Love; (b) madana trees.
+
+[82] As an amulet.
+
+[83] Name of an ornament.
+
+[84] Wine-cups.
+
+[85] (a) Halls; (b) �al trees.
+
+[86] (a) Clapping of hands; (b) palm-trees.
+
+[87] (a) Arrows; (b) reeds.
+
+[88] (a) Trees; (b) eyes.
+
+[89] (a) As tamala trees (very dark); (b) with tamala trees.
+
+[90] Virata, a king who befriended the Pandavas. The chief of his army
+was named Kicaka. F. Mbh., Bk. iv., 815. Kicaka also means 'bamboo.'
+
+[91] Or, the twinkling stars of the Deer constellation, pursued by
+the Hunter (a constellation).
+
+[92] Bark garments, matted locks, and rags of grass.
+
+[93] (a) Seven leaves; (b) a tree.
+
+[94] (a) Of fierce disposition; (b) full of wild beasts.
+
+[95] The sign of a vow.
+
+[96] Or perhaps, 'not caring for the fascination of the beauty of
+Ravana,' i.e. his sister. He was loved by Ravana's sister.
+
+[97] Does this refer to the reflection of the sky in its clear water?
+
+[98] �almali = silk cotton-tree.
+
+[99] Lit., 'striving upwards to see.'
+
+[100] Indra's wood.
+
+[101] �akuni = (a) bird; (b) name of Duryodhana's supporter.
+
+[102] Or, 'by Vanamala,' Krishna's chaplet.
+
+[103] Tara = (a) wife of Sugriva, the monkey king; (b) star.
+
+[104] Mountaineer.
+
+[105] Arjuna, or Karttavirya, was captured by Ravana when sporting
+in the Nerbuddha, and was killed by Para�urama. V. Vishnu Purana,
+Bk. iv., ch. 11.
+
+[106] Dushana was one of Ravana's generals; Khara was Ravana's brother,
+and was slain by Rama.
+
+[107] Cf. Uttararamacarita, Act V.
+
+[108] Ekalavya, king of the Nishadas, killed by Krishna. Mbh., I., 132.
+
+[109] Or, curls.
+
+[110] V. Harivam�a, 83.
+
+[111] Or, with clouds.
+
+[112] She-rhinoceros.
+
+[113] Or, rainbows.
+
+[114] Ekacakra = (a) a city possessed by Vaka; (b) one army, or
+one quoit.
+
+[115] Naga = (a) elephant; (b) snake.
+
+[116] Or, �ikhandi, a son of Drupada, a friend of the Pandavas.
+
+[117] Or, mirage.
+
+[118] Or, eager for the Manasa lake. The Vidyadhara was a good or
+evil genius attending the gods. V. Kulluka on Manu, xii., 47.
+
+[119] Yojanagandha, mother of Vyasa.
+
+[120] Or, 'bearing the form of Bhima.' He was Bhima's son. V. Mbh.,
+I., 155.
+
+[121] (a) Crescent moon of �iva; (b) eyes of peacocks' tails.
+
+[122] Hiranyaka�ipu. V. Harivam�a, 225.
+
+[123] Or, an ambitious man surrounded by bards (to sing his praises).
+
+[124] Or, loving blood.
+
+[125] Nishadas = (a) mountaineers; (b) the highest note of the scale.
+
+[126] (a) Had passed many ages; (b) had killed many birds.
+
+[127] Or, great wealth.
+
+[128] Black.
+
+[129] Or, Durga.
+
+[130] Or, mountain.
+
+[131] (a) Magnanimity; (b) great strength.
+
+[132] Anabhibhavaniya�.
+
+[133] (a) Awakening cry; (b) moral law.
+
+[134] Owls are supposed to be descendants of the sage Vi�vamitra.
+
+[135] As omens.
+
+[136] Pi�ita�na, a demon, or, according to the commentary here,
+a tiger.
+
+[137] Lit., 'creating a doubt of.'
+
+[138] Cf. Emerson's Essay on Experience: 'Sleep lingers all our
+life-time about our eyes, as night hovers all day in the boughs of
+the fir-tree.'
+
+[139] Read, �rama.
+
+[140] Lit., 'To have been an extract from.'
+
+[141] Sacred to Indra, and burnt by Agni with the help of Arjuna
+and Krishna.
+
+[142] Three horizontal lines.
+
+[143] Truth in thought, word, and deed.
+
+[144] Read, Nishpatata.
+
+[145] Nilapandu, mottled blue and white. The Hindu penance is to be
+between five fires: four on earth and the sun above. V. Manu, vi. 23.
+
+[146] The sign of a vow.
+
+[147] (a) Bark garment; (b) bark of trees.
+
+[148] (a) Girdle. V. Manu, ii. 42; (b) mountain slope.
+
+[149] Or, the moon.
+
+[150] Or, with.
+
+[151] (a) Kripa = compassion; (b) Kripa was the teacher of A�vatthama,
+or Drauni.
+
+[152] Or, Virgo, Cervus, the Pleiads and Draco.
+
+[153] (a) Having twilight drunk up; (b) having many faults eradicated.
+
+[154] Rajas = (a) dust; (b) passion.
+
+[155] In performance of a vow. V. Manu, vi. 23.
+
+[156] Or, 'of the demon Naraka,' slain by Krishna. Harivam�a��, 122.
+
+[157] Or, had stars tawny at the junction of night and day.
+
+[158] Lit., (a) Holding all his passions in firm restraint; (b)
+having the axle of its wheels firm.
+
+[159] Lit., (a) He had a body wasted by secret performance of penance;
+(b) he brought to nought the enemies' plans of battle by secret
+counsel and by his army.
+
+[160] Or, having caves with whirlpools and the circles of shells
+oblique.
+
+[161] Or, quays.
+
+[162] (a) Perhaps Pushkara, the place of pilgrimage in Ajmere;
+(b) lotus-grove.
+
+[163] (a) Having entrance into great halls; (b) being absorbed
+in Brahma.
+
+[164] Or, salvation.
+
+[165] Or, inflicted punishment; or, though intent on the Sama veda,
+he was yet a dandi; i.e., an ascetic who despises ritual.
+
+[166] Having beautiful matted locks.
+
+[167] (a) Having no left eye; (b) having no crooked glances.
+
+[168] R. V., x. 190.
+
+[169] Another kind of bread-tree.
+
+[170] The Commentary explains it as 'Veda.'
+
+[171] The tridandaka or three staves of the mendicant Brahman who
+has resigned the world.
+
+[172] Or, impassioned glances.
+
+[173] (a) Moulting; (b) partisanship.
+
+[174] Bala = (a) hair; (b) children.
+
+[175] Rama, woman.
+
+[176] �akuni = (a) a bird; (b) Duryodhana's uncle.
+
+[177] Vayu = (a) wind; (b) breath.
+
+[178] (a) Teeth; (b) Brahmans.
+
+[179] Or, dullness.
+
+[180] Or, seeking prosperity.
+
+[181] Or, seek enjoyment.
+
+[182] Or good fortune.
+
+[183] The Garhapatya, Dakshina, and Ahavaniya fires.
+
+[184] Proverbial phrase for clearness.
+
+[185] Vishnu Purana, vi., ch. 3, 'The seven solar rays dilate to
+seven suns, and set the three worlds on fire.'
+
+[186] Lit., 'is leader of.'
+
+[187] Or, caprice.
+
+[188] Vishnu Purana, i., 123.
+
+[189] Semi-divine beings dwelling between the earth and the sun.
+
+[190] Tara = (a) stars; (b) wife of Brihaspati, carried away by
+the moon.
+
+[191] (a) "Wife of the sage Va�ishtha; (b) the morning star.
+
+[192] (a) Constellation; (b) staff borne during a vow.
+
+[193] (a) Constellation; (b) roots for the hermits' food.
+
+[194] Or, constellation.
+
+[195] �iva.
+
+[196] Caste.
+
+[197] Friends.
+
+[198] I.e., king, minister, and energy.
+
+[199] Or, misfortune.
+
+[200] An ordeal.
+
+[201] An ordeal.
+
+[202] (a) Clearing of the waters after the rainy season; (b) ordeal
+of poison.
+
+[203] (a) Magic; (b) practice of Yoga.
+
+[204] (a) Lit., 'tearing out of eyes;' (b) slaughter of the demon
+Taraka by Kartikeya.
+
+[205] A star in the Scorpion's tail.
+
+[206] Seizing of tribute.
+
+[207] Or, having his body united. V. Dowson, 'Classical Dictionary.'
+
+[208] Having fortresses subdued.
+
+[209] These are teachers of the gods and heroes.
+
+[210] Vishnu.
+
+[211] Lit., 'firm.'
+
+[212] (a) The gods; (b) love.
+
+[213] Four was the number of the oceans and of the arms of Narayana.
+
+[214] The divine mothers, or personified energies of the chief deities.
+
+[215] Wife of �ukanasa.
+
+[216] Summary of pp. 141-155.
+
+[217] Or, Ananga, name of Kama.
+
+[218] Since he can only give it the name, not the substance or
+meaning. Kumara = (a) name of Kartikeya; (b) prince.
+
+[219] Kama.
+
+[220] Summary of pp. 176-189.
+
+[221] Lit., 'sew him to himself.'
+
+[222] Summary of pp. 190, 191.
+
+[223] Summary of p. 193.
+
+[224] �arabha, a fabulous animal supposed to have eight legs, and to
+dwell in the snowy mountains.
+
+[225] (a) Many sins; (b) twilight.
+
+[226] Lit., (a) climbs trees; (b) protects parasites.
+
+[227] (a) Showing the elevation of many men; (b) rising in stature
+to the height of many men.
+
+[228] Or, arrogance.
+
+[229] Or, stupidity.
+
+[230] Or, wealth.
+
+[231] Or, ill-fortune.
+
+[232] Balam = (a) strength; (b) army. Laghuma = (a) lightness;
+(b) triviality.
+
+[233] Vigrahavati = (a) having a body; (b) full of strife.
+
+[234] Purushottama, i.e., Vishnu.
+
+[235] The rainy season sends away the hamsas.
+
+[236] Lit., their limbs fail them.
+
+[237] Which have a strong scent.
+
+[238] Men having throbbing eyes.
+
+[239] (a) A noble man; (b) fire.
+
+[240] Or, drink.
+
+[241] Or, taxes.
+
+[242] Like Vishnu.
+
+[243] Like �iva.
+
+[244] Lit., 'inlaid.'
+
+[245] Or, kesara flowers.
+
+[246] Recaka, so commentary.
+
+[247] Both trees of paradise.
+
+[248] The quarter of �atakratu or Indra.
+
+[249] All auspicious signs. Cakra is (a) a quoit; (b) a cakravaka.
+
+[250] (a) A demon; (b) the heron.
+
+[251] For the love of snakes for the breeze, V. Raghuvam�a, XIII.,
+12, and Buddhacarita, I., 44. Snakes are sometimes called vayubaksha.
+
+[252] The following reference to Thomas Bell's 'History of British
+Quadrupeds' was given by Mr. S. B. Charlesworth. 'Writing about the
+deer of our parks (p. 404) he (Bell) quotes Playford's "Introduction to
+Music" as follows: "Travelling some years since, I met on the road near
+Royston a herd of about twenty deer following a bagpipe and violin,
+which while the music played went forward. When it ceased they all
+stood still, and in this manner they were brought out of Yorkshire
+to Hampton Court."' V. supra, pp. 40, 79.
+
+[253] Meghaduta, 38.
+
+[254] The dvipas are continents separated from each other by
+oceans. The �vetadvipa, or White Continent, is, according to Weber,
+suggested by Alexandria. V. 'Indische Studien,' I., 400; II., 397, 398.
+
+[255] Dvandva, a pair of opposites, as, e.g., pleasure and pain.
+
+[256] (a) Brilliant; (b) Durga.
+
+[257] Summary of p. 277.
+
+[258] The Commentary says: 'A house is whitened to welcome anyone. The
+face (or mouth) is the dwelling of Sarasvati.'
+
+[259] Mandara, one of the trees of Paradise.
+
+[260] The month June-July.
+
+[261] Staff.
+
+[262] (a) A tilaka, or mark of ashes; (b) abundance of tilaka trees
+white with blossoms.
+
+[263] Read Kau�alasya.
+
+[264] Cf. 'Dulce rudimentum meditantis lilia quondam natur�, cum
+sese opera ad majora pararet.'--Rapin, on the convolvulus. V. Hallam,
+'Hist. of Lit.,' Pt. iv., ch. v.
+
+[265] Vishnu Purana, Wilson, 1865, vol. ii., p. 297.
+
+[266] Son of Kuvera.
+
+[267] The coral tree.
+
+[268] Or, virtue.
+
+[269] 'In the arya metre,' in the Sanskrit.
+
+[270] Manasijanma = (a) born in the Manasa lake; (b) born in the mind,
+i.e., love. Muktalata = (a) a white creeper; (b) a pearl necklace.
+
+[271] Scilicet, in the day.
+
+[272] Turbid with (a) dust; (b) passion.
+
+[273] The Vishnu Purana, Bk. vi., ch. iii., mentions seven suns.
+
+[274] The asterism Rohini.
+
+[275] Utkalika = (a) wave; (b) longing.
+
+[276] Or, hand.
+
+[277] Hands.
+
+[278] Feet.
+
+[279] Hands.
+
+[280] Candracandala (lit., 'base-born moon') is intended as an
+assonance.
+
+[281] Purnapatra, a basket of gifts to be scrambled for at a wedding.
+
+[282] I.e., the row of pearls given by Maha�veta.
+
+[283] Omit, priyajanavi�vasavacanani.
+
+[284] Read, parityakta.
+
+[285] Read, antare.
+
+[286] Go�irsha, a kind of fragrant sandal.
+
+[287] V. Vishnu Purana, Bk. i., ch. iii. (For the description of
+Brahma's night.)
+
+[288]
+
+    Tatah Saindhavako raja kshudras, tata, Jayadrathah,
+    Varadanena Rudrasya sarvan nah samavarayat.
+
+
+('Then the vile Sindh kinglet, Jayadratha, through the boon conferred
+by Rudra, O my son, kept us all back.')--Mahabharata, vii., 2574.
+
+[289] Harivam�a, 4906.
+
+[290] The cakora, or Greek partridge, was said to have its eyes turned
+red in the presence of poison.
+
+[291] Madira, intoxicating, bewitching; so called because her eyes
+were madirah.
+
+[292] Daksha cursed the moon with consumption at the appeal of his
+forty-nine daughters, the moon's wives, who complained of his special
+favour to the fiftieth sister.
+
+[293] Lit., 'without cause.'
+
+[294] Lit., 'going by machinery.'
+
+[295] Trees of paradise.
+
+[296] A pun on pida, grief.
+
+[297] A pun on pida, a chaplet.
+
+[298] Read irshyam, vyatham, and rosham, as the Calcutta edition.
+
+[299] 'All the rasas,' the ten emotions of love, fear, etc., enumerated
+by writers on rhetoric.
+
+[300] Because water was poured out to ratify a gift.
+
+[301] Bhashita, literally, 'addressed by'; or read, bhavita, 'entering
+into the spirit of.'
+
+[302] Read nirdakshinyaya.
+
+[303] A bundle of peacock feathers waved by the conjuror to bewilder
+the audience.
+
+[304] The dark blue of the bees was like the blue veil worn by women
+going to meet their lovers.
+
+[305] This passage is condensed.
+
+[306] Read musho.
+
+[307] I.e., 'relic,' or 'remaining.'
+
+[308] Read Maha�vetam.
+
+[309] Cf. 'Harsha Carita' (Bombay edition, p. 272),
+'Parame�varottamangapatadurlalitangam'.
+
+[310] Read Kumudamayya.
+
+[311] A tree of paradise.
+
+[312] Tali, a kind of palm; Kandala, a plantain.
+
+[313] Or, reading avirala, thick coming.
+
+[314] The Vishnu Purana, Bk. ii., ch. ii., calls Mandara the Mountain
+of the East; Gandhamadana, of the South; Vipula, of the West; and
+Supar�va, of the North.
+
+[315] Father of Kuvera.
+
+[316] Brahma.
+
+[317] A phrase denoting readiness to obey. V. supra, p. 15.
+
+[318] Pouring water into the hand was the confirmation of a
+gift. V. supra, p. 150.
+
+[319] Transpose iti.
+
+[320] Hybiscus mutabilis changes colour thrice a day.
+
+[321] Or, at a wrong time.
+
+[322] Remove the stop after asyah and Candrapidah, and place one
+after gantum.
+
+[323] 'It is not allowed by her favour to move.'
+
+[324] Read suhridapi gantavyam, 'his friend must go.'
+
+[325] Or, sampanna, 'full-grown, having fruit and flowers,' according
+to the commentary.
+
+[326] Read khinne.
+
+[327] Read prasadanam.
+
+[328] Read �janat, etc.
+
+[329] V. supra, p. 12, where the robes of the chiefs are torn by
+their ornaments in their hasty movements.
+
+[330] Parava�a iva, or, 'with mind enslaved to other thoughts.'
+
+[331] Read garigasi.
+
+[332] The Jamuna is a common comparison for blue or green.
+
+[333] Placing a stop after gaditum instead of after nih�esham.
+
+[334] An allusion to the idea that the a�oka would bud when touched
+by the foot of a beautiful woman.
+
+[335] Anubandha, one of the four necessary conditions in writing. (a)
+Subject-matter; (b) purpose; (c) relation between subject treated
+and its end; (d) competent person to hear it.-- V. 'Vedanta Sara.,'
+p. 2-4; 'Vacaspatya Dictionary.'
+
+[336] 'Manu,' ix., 90.
+
+[337] I.e., the down on the body rises from joy (a common idea in
+Sanskrit writers), and holds the robe on its points.
+
+[338] Read, Samdi�anti, and place the stop after svayam instead of
+after samdi�anti.
+
+[339] I.e., awake a sleeping lion.
+
+[340] Or, 'wine.'
+
+[341] Bhushanabhatta, after these introductory lines, continues
+Patralekha's account of Kadambari's speech, and completes the story.
+
+[342] I.e., Patralekha.
+
+[343] Literally, 'that forest of creepers, sc. maidens.'
+
+[344] So commentary.
+
+[345] Avanti is the province of which Ujjayini is the capital. For
+the Divine Mothers, V. supra, p. 56.
+
+[346] V. supra, pp. 19, 20, 47.
+
+[347] A king of the solar race.
+
+[348] V. supra, p. 6.
+
+[349] Read ashtanam api Vasunam.
+
+[350] The commentary says 'mother' is said to a daughter-in-law,
+just as tata, 'father,' is said to a son.
+
+[351] The parrot's own history is now continued from p. 47.
+
+[352] The commentary explains these as Indra, Yama, Varuna, Soma
+and Kuvera. The Calcutta translation apparently translates a reading
+mahabhutani.
+
+[353] As the betrothed of Maha�veta, who was of the moon-race of
+Apsarases.
+
+[354] For gandharva marriage, v. Manu., iii. 32.
+
+[355] Cf. M. Arnold:
+
+
+    'Ah, where the spirit its highest life hath led,
+    All spots, match'd with that spot, are less divine.'
+
+
+[356] Apunarukta, 'without tautology.'
+
+[357] �iva.
+
+[358] Fiends attendant on �iva.
+
+[359] Vide p. 98.
+
+[360] Or, with fishes.
+
+[361] Or, light.
+
+[362] Literally (a) whose wealth is crores of rupees; (b) in the case
+of the moon, 'whose essence is in its horns.'
+
+[363] (a) Partizanship; (b) cutting of pinions. When the rest of the
+mountains lost their wings, Mainaka escaped.
+
+[364] Or, padma, 1000 billions.
+
+[365] Or, emeralds.
+
+[366] Or, rogues.
+
+[367] Or, granaries.
+
+[368] Or, learned.
+
+[369] Or, though full of energy, they fear their enemies.
+
+[370] Or, liberal.
+
+[371] V. Sahitya-Darpana, 641.
+
+[372] Ibid., 568.
+
+[373] Or, offering gifts.
+
+[374] Or, containing pine-trees.
+
+[375] Or, attentive to women.
+
+[376] Brother of Rama and Bharata.
+
+[377] Or, their friends.
+
+[378] Or, of the Sarvastivadin School (a subdivision of the Vaibhashika
+Buddhists).
+
+[379] Or, matter and spirit.
+
+[380] Or, lotus-hued.
+
+[381] In the case of �iva, 'loud laughter, bright as nectar.'
+
+[382] It has treasure vaults.
+
+[383] Or, keeping its covenants firm.
+
+[384] Or, houses whitened with ivory and cowries.
+
+[385] Or, having splendid mountains always at hand.
+
+[386] Or, false.
+
+[387] Or, gold pieces.
+
+[388] (a) Demon; (b) golden dice.
+
+[389] Or, rogues.
+
+[390] Or, the sporting of King Bala.
+
+[391] Though the free intercourse with women is allowed, it is of
+irreproachable conduct.
+
+[392] Its castes are loved.
+
+[393] Vihara (a) without necklaces; (b) having temples.
+
+[394] Having many citizens.
+
+[395] Then follows: 'There--demons,' p. 47, l. 18.
+
+[396] Follows p. 48, l. 17, 'gay.'
+
+[397] Read �kulaih; (a) Kings; (b) mountains.
+
+[398] Loss of dependencies; or, loss of wings.
+
+[399] Or, by the star Budha.
+
+[400] Or, his body was destroyed.
+
+[401] Or, Sumitra, wife of Da�aratha.
+
+[402] Or, by the 'Lord of Battles,' i.e., Kartikeya.
+
+[403] Or, was honoured for his patience.
+
+[404] (a) A great family; (b) a great bamboo from which the river is
+said to rise.
+
+[405] V. supra, p. 162.
+
+[406] Read lavanga.
+
+[407] A monkey chief.
+
+[408] The figures refer to the page and line of the Nirnaya-Sagara
+edition of Kadambari.
+
+[409] Passages marked * are condensed, and only occasional phrases
+are translated.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+End of Project Gutenberg's The Kadambari of Bana, by Bana and Bhushanabhatta
+
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+
+<pre>
+
+Project Gutenberg's The Kadambari of Bana, by Bana and Bhushanabhatta
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: The Kadambari of Bana
+
+Author: Bana
+        Bhushanabhatta
+
+Translator: C.M. Ridding
+
+Release Date: October 21, 2012 [EBook #41128]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ASCII
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE KADAMBARI OF BANA ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by Jeroen Hellingman and the Online Distributed
+Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net/ for Project
+Gutenberg (This book was produced from scanned images of
+public domain material from the Google Print project.)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+</pre>
+
+<div class="front">
+<div class="div1 cover">
+<div class="divBody">
+<p class="first"></p>
+<div class="figure xd21e108width"><img src="images/new-cover.jpg" alt=
+"Newly Designed Front Cover." width="540" height="720"></div>
+<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb.i" href="#pb.i" name=
+"pb.i">i</a>]</span></p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="div1 frenchtitle">
+<div class="divBody">
+<p class="first xd21e114">K&#256;DAMBAR&#298;. <span class=
+"pagenum">[<a id="pb.iii" href="#pb.iii" name=
+"pb.iii">iii</a>]</span></p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="titlePage">
+<div class="docTitle">
+<div class="seriesTitle"><i>Oriental Translation Fund.</i></div>
+<br>
+<div class="seriesTitle">New Series.</div>
+<br>
+<div class="seriesTitle">II.</div>
+<br>
+<div class="mainTitle">The<br>
+K&#257;dambar&#299; of B&#257;&#7751;a.</div>
+</div>
+<div class="byline">Translated, with Occasional Omissions,<br>
+And Accompanied by a Full Abstract of the Continuation of the Romance
+by the Author&rsquo;s Son Bh&#363;sha&#7751;abha&#7789;&#7789;a,<br>
+By<br>
+<span class="docAuthor">C. M. Ridding,</span><br>
+<i>Formerly Scholar of Girton College, Cambridge</i>.</div>
+<div class="docImprint"><br>
+<i>Printed and published under the patronage of The Royal Asiatic
+Society</i>,<br>
+And sold at<br>
+22, Albemarle Street, London.<br>
+<span class="docDate">1896.</span></div>
+</div>
+<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb.v" href="#pb.v" name=
+"pb.v">v</a>]</span></p>
+<div class="div1 dedication">
+<div class="divBody">
+<p class="first xd21e114">To</p>
+<p class="xd21e114">MRS. COWELL,</p>
+<p class="xd21e114">WHO FIRST TOLD ME</p>
+<p class="xd21e114">THE STORY OF K&#256;DAMBAR&#298;,</p>
+<p class="xd21e114">THIS TRANSLATION</p>
+<p class="xd21e114">IS AFFECTIONATELY DEDICATED.</p>
+<p lang="sa-latn" class="xd21e114">
+&lsquo;Anen&#257;k&#257;ra&#7751;&#257;vishk&#7771;itav&#257;tsalyena
+caritena kasya na bandhutvam adhy&#257;ropayasi.&rsquo; <span class=
+"pagenum">[<a id="pb.vii" href="#pb.vii" name=
+"pb.vii">vii</a>]</span></p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="div1 introduction">
+<div class="divHead">
+<h2 class="main">INTRODUCTION.<a class="noteref" id="xd21e183src" href=
+"#xd21e183" name="xd21e183src">1</a></h2>
+</div>
+<div class="divBody">
+<p class="first">The story of K&#257;dambar&#299; is interesting for
+several reasons. It is a standard example of classical prose; it has
+enjoyed a long popularity as a romance; and it is one of the
+comparatively few Sanskrit works which can be assigned to a certain
+date, and so it can serve as a landmark in the history of Indian
+literature and Indian thought.</p>
+<div class="div2 section">
+<div class="divHead">
+<h3 class="main">The Author.</h3>
+</div>
+<div class="divBody">
+<p class="first">B&#257;&#7751;abha&#7789;&#7789;a, its author, lived
+in the reign of Harshavardhana of Th&#257;&#7751;e&ccedil;ar, the great
+king mentioned in many inscriptions,<a class="noteref" id="xd21e192src"
+href="#xd21e192" name="xd21e192src">2</a> who extended his rule over
+the whole of Northern India, and from whose reign (<span class=
+"sc">A.D.</span> 606) dates the Harsha era, used in Nepal.
+B&#257;&#7751;a, as he tells us, both in the
+&lsquo;Harsha-Carita&rsquo; and in the introductory verses of
+&lsquo;K&#257;dambar&#299;,&rsquo; was a V&#257;tsy&#257;yana Brahman.
+His mother died while he was yet young, and his father&rsquo;s tender
+care of him, recorded in the &lsquo;Harsha-Carita,&rsquo;<a class=
+"noteref" id="xd21e200src" href="#xd21e200" name="xd21e200src">3</a>
+was doubtless in his memory as he recorded the unselfish love of
+Vai&ccedil;amp&#257;yana&rsquo;s father in
+&lsquo;K&#257;dambar&#299;&rsquo; <span class="pagenum">[<a id=
+"pb.viii" href="#pb.viii" name="pb.viii">viii</a>]</span>(p. 22). In
+his youth he travelled much, and for a time &lsquo;came into
+reproach,&rsquo; by reason of his unsettled life; but the experience
+gained in foreign lands turned his thoughts homewards, and he returned
+to his kin, and lived a life of quiet study in their midst. From this
+he was summoned to the court of King Harsha, who at first received him
+coldly, but afterwards attached him to his service; and B&#257;&#7751;a
+in the &lsquo;Harsha-Carita&rsquo; relates his own life as a prelude to
+that of his master.</p>
+<p>The other works attributed to him are the
+&lsquo;Ca&#7751;&#7693;ik&#257;&ccedil;ataka,&rsquo;<a class="noteref"
+id="xd21e210src" href="#xd21e210" name="xd21e210src">4</a> or verses in
+honour of Ca&#7751;&#7693;ik&#257;; a drama, &lsquo;The
+P&#257;rvat&#299;pari&#7751;aya&rsquo;; and another, called
+&lsquo;Muku&#7789;at&#257;&#7693;itaka,&rsquo; the existence of which
+is inferred from Gu&#7751;avinayaga&#7751;i&rsquo;s commentary on the
+&lsquo;Nalacamp&#363;.&rsquo; Professor Peterson also mentions that a
+verse of B&#257;&#7751;a&rsquo;s
+(&lsquo;Subh&#257;shit&#257;vali,&rsquo; 1087) is quoted by Kshemendra
+in his &lsquo;Aucityavic&#257;racarc&#257;,&rsquo; with a statement
+that it is part of a description of K&#257;dambar&#299;&rsquo;s sorrow
+in the absence of Candr&#257;p&#299;&#7693;a, whence, he adds,
+&lsquo;it would seem that B&#257;&#7751;a wrote the story of
+K&#257;dambar&#299; in verse as well as in prose,&rsquo; and he gives
+some verses which may have come from such a work.</p>
+<p>B&#257;&#7751;a himself died, leaving
+&lsquo;K&#257;dambar&#299;&rsquo; unfinished, and his son
+Bh&#363;sha&#7751;abha&#7789;&#7789;a took it up in the midst of a
+speech in which K&#257;dambar&#299;&rsquo;s sorrows are told, and
+continued the speech without a break, save for a few introductory
+verses in honour of his father, and in apology for his having
+undertaken the task, &lsquo;as its unfinished state was a grief to the
+good.&rsquo; He continued the story on the same plan, and with careful,
+and, indeed, exaggerated, imitation of his father&rsquo;s style.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="div2 section">
+<div class="divHead">
+<h3 class="main">The Plot of K&#257;dambar&#299;.</h3>
+</div>
+<div class="divBody">
+<p class="first">The story of &lsquo;K&#257;dambar&#299;&rsquo; is a
+very complex one, dealing as it does with the lives of two heroes, each
+of whom is reborn twice on earth.</p>
+<p>(1&ndash;47) A learned parrot, named Vai&ccedil;amp&#257;yana, was
+brought by a Ca&#7751;&#7693;&#257;la maiden to King
+&Ccedil;&#363;draka, and told him how it was carried from its
+birthplace in the Vindhy&#257; <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb.ix"
+href="#pb.ix" name="pb.ix">ix</a>]</span>Forest to the hermitage of the
+sage J&#257;b&#257;li, from whom it learnt the story of its former
+life.</p>
+<p>(47&ndash;95) J&#257;b&#257;li&rsquo;s story was as follows:
+T&#257;r&#257;p&#299;&#7693;a, King of Ujjayin&#299;, won by penance a
+son, Candr&#257;p&#299;&#7693;a, who was brought up with
+Vai&ccedil;amp&#257;yana, son of his minister, &Ccedil;ukan&#257;sa. In
+due time Candr&#257;p&#299;&#7693;a was anointed as Crown Prince, and
+started on an expedition of world-conquest. At the end of it he reached
+Kail&#257;sa, and, while resting there, was led one day in a vain chase
+of a pair of kinnaras to the shores of the Acchoda Lake. (95&ndash;141)
+There he beheld a young ascetic maiden, Mah&#257;&ccedil;vet&#257;, who
+told him how she, being a Gandharva princess, had seen and loved a
+young Brahman Pu&#7751;&#7693;ar&#299;ka; how he, returning her
+feeling, had died from the torments of a love at variance with his vow;
+how a divine being had carried his body to the sky, and bidden her not
+to die, for she should be reunited with him; and how she awaited that
+time in a life of penance. (141&ndash;188) But her friend
+K&#257;dambar&#299;, another Gandharva princess, had vowed not to marry
+while Mah&#257;&ccedil;vet&#257; was in sorrow, and
+Mah&#257;&ccedil;vet&#257; invited the prince to come to help her in
+dissuading K&#257;dambar&#299; from the rash vow. Love sprang up
+between the prince and K&#257;dambar&#299; at first sight; but a sudden
+summons from his father took him to Ujjayin&#299; without farewell,
+while K&#257;dambar&#299;, thinking herself deserted, almost died of
+grief.</p>
+<p>(188&ndash;195) Meanwhile news came that his friend
+Vai&ccedil;amp&#257;yana, whom he had left in command of the army, had
+been strangely affected by the sight of the Acchoda Lake, and refused
+to leave it. The prince set out to find him, but in vain; and
+proceeding to the hermitage of Mah&#257;&ccedil;vet&#257;, he found her
+in despair, because, in invoking on a young Brahman, who had rashly
+approached her, a curse to the effect that he should become a parrot,
+she learnt that she had slain Vai&ccedil;amp&#257;yana. At her words
+the prince fell dead from grief, and at that moment K&#257;dambar&#299;
+came to the hermitage.</p>
+<p>(195&ndash;202) Her resolve to follow him in death was broken by the
+promise of a voice from the sky that she and <span class=
+"pagenum">[<a id="pb.x" href="#pb.x" name=
+"pb.x">x</a>]</span>Mah&#257;&ccedil;vet&#257; should both be reunited
+with their lovers, and she stayed to tend the prince&rsquo;s body, from
+which a divine radiance proceeded; while King
+T&#257;r&#257;p&#299;&#7693;a gave up his kingdom, and lived as a
+hermit near his son.</p>
+<p>(202 to end) Such was J&#257;b&#257;li&rsquo;s tale; and the parrot
+went on to say how, hearing it, the memory of its former love for
+Mah&#257;&ccedil;vet&#257; was reawakened, and, though bidden to stay
+in the hermitage, it flew away, only to be caught and taken to the
+Ca&#7751;&#7693;&#257;la princess. It was now brought by her to King
+&Ccedil;&#363;draka, but knew no more. The Ca&#7751;&#7693;&#257;la
+maiden thereupon declared to &Ccedil;&#363;draka that she was the
+goddess Lakshm&#299;, mother of Pu&#7751;&#7693;ar&#299;ka or
+Vai&ccedil;amp&#257;yana, and announced that the curse for him and
+&Ccedil;&#363;draka was now over. Then &Ccedil;&#363;draka suddenly
+remembered his love for K&#257;dambar&#299;, and wasted away in longing
+for her, while a sudden touch of K&#257;dambar&#299; restored to life
+the Moon concealed in the body of Candr&#257;p&#299;&#7693;a, the form
+that he still kept, because in it he had won her love. Now the Moon, as
+Candr&#257;p&#299;&#7693;a and &Ccedil;&#363;draka, and
+Pu&#7751;&#7693;ar&#299;ka, in the human and parrot shape of
+Vai&ccedil;amp&#257;yana, having both fulfilled the curse of an
+unsuccessful love in two births on earth, were at last set free, and,
+receiving respectively the hands of K&#257;dambar&#299; and
+Mah&#257;&ccedil;vet&#257;, lived happily ever afterwards.</p>
+<p>The plot is involved, and consists of stories within each other
+after the fashion long familiar to Europeans in the &lsquo;Arabian
+Nights&rsquo;; but the author&rsquo;s skill in construction is shown by
+the fact that each of the minor stories is essential to the development
+of the plot, and it is not till quite the end that we see that
+&Ccedil;&#363;draka himself, the hearer of the story, is really the
+hero, and that his hearing the story is necessary to reawaken his love
+for K&#257;dambar&#299;, and so at the same time fulfil the terms of
+the curse that he should love in vain during two lives, and bring the
+second life to an end by his longing for reunion. It may help to make
+the plot clear if the threads of it are disentangled. The author in
+person tells all that happens to &Ccedil;&#363;draka (pp. 3&ndash;16
+and pp. 205 to end). The parrot&rsquo;s tale (pp. 16&ndash;205)
+<span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb.xi" href="#pb.xi" name=
+"pb.xi">xi</a>]</span>includes that of J&#257;b&#257;li (pp.
+47&ndash;202) concerning Candr&#257;p&#299;&#7693;a, and
+Vai&ccedil;amp&#257;yana the Brahman, with the story told by
+Mah&#257;&ccedil;vet&#257; (pp. 101&ndash;136) of her love for
+Pu&#7751;&#7693;ar&#299;ka.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="div2 section">
+<div class="divHead">
+<h3 class="main">The Story as told in the
+Kath&#257;-Sarit-S&#257;gara.</h3>
+</div>
+<div class="divBody">
+<p class="first">The story as told in the Kath&#257;-Sarit-S&#257;gara
+of Somadeva<a class="noteref" id="xd21e243src" href="#xd21e243" name=
+"xd21e243src">5</a> differs in some respects from this. There a
+Nish&#257;da princess brought to King Sumanas a learned parrot, which
+told its life in the forest, ended by a hunt in which its father was
+killed, and the story of its past life narrated by the hermit Agastya.
+In this story a prince, Somaprabha, after an early life resembling that
+of Candr&#257;p&#299;&#7693;a, was led in his pursuit of kinnaras to an
+ascetic maiden, Manorathaprabh&#257;, whose story is that of
+Mah&#257;&ccedil;vet&#257;, and she took him, at his own request, to
+see the maiden Makarandik&#257;, who had vowed not to marry while her
+friend was unwed. He was borne through the air by a Vidy&#257;dhara,
+and beheld Makarandik&#257;. They loved each other, and a marriage was
+arranged between them. The prince, however, was suddenly recalled by
+his father, and Makarandik&#257;&rsquo;s wild grief brought on her from
+her parents a curse that she should be born as a Nish&#257;da. Too late
+they repented, and died of grief; and her father became a parrot,
+keeping from a former birth as a sage his memory of the
+&Ccedil;&#257;stras, while her mother became a sow. Pulastya added that
+the curse would be over when the story was told in a king&rsquo;s
+court.</p>
+<p>The parrot&rsquo;s tale reminded King Sumanas of his former birth,
+and on the arrival of the ascetic maiden, sent by &Ccedil;iva,
+&lsquo;who is merciful to all his worshippers,&rsquo; he again became
+the young hermit she had loved. Somaprabha, too, at &Ccedil;iva&rsquo;s
+bidding, went to the king&rsquo;s court, and at the sight of him the
+Nish&#257;da regained the shape of Makarandik&#257;, and became his
+wife; while the parrot &lsquo;left the body of a bird, and went to the
+home earned by his asceticism.&rsquo; &lsquo;Thus,&rsquo; the story
+ends, &lsquo;the appointed union of human <span class="pagenum">[<a id=
+"pb.xii" href="#pb.xii" name="pb.xii">xii</a>]</span>beings certainly
+takes place in this world, though vast spaces intervene.&rsquo;</p>
+<p>The main difference between the stories is in the persons affected
+by the curse; and here the artistic superiority of B&#257;&#7751;a is
+shown in his not attaching the degrading forms of birth to
+K&#257;dambar&#299; or her parents. The horse is given as a present to
+the hero by Indra, who sends him a message, saying: &lsquo;You are a
+Vidy&#257;dhara, and I give you the horse in memory of our former
+friendship. When you mount it you will be invincible.&rsquo; The
+hero&rsquo;s marriage is arranged before his sudden departure, so that
+the grief of the heroine is due only to their separation, and not to
+the doubts on which B&#257;&#7751;a dwells so long. It appears possible
+that both this story and &lsquo;K&#257;dambar&#299;&rsquo; are taken
+from a common original now lost, which may be the
+B&#7771;ihatkath&#257; of Gu&#7751;&#257;&#7693;hya.<a class="noteref"
+id="xd21e255src" href="#xd21e255" name="xd21e255src">6</a> In that case
+the greater refinement of B&#257;&#7751;a&rsquo;s tale would be the
+result of genius giving grace to a story already familiar in a humbler
+guise.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="div2 section">
+<div class="divHead">
+<h3 class="main">References to K&#257;dambar&#299; in the
+S&#257;hitya-Darpa&#7751;a and elsewhere.</h3>
+</div>
+<div class="divBody">
+<p class="first">The author of the S&#257;hitya-Darpa&#7751;a<a class=
+"noteref" id="xd21e265src" href="#xd21e265" name="xd21e265src">7</a>
+speaks of the Kath&#257; as follows: &lsquo;In the Kath&#257; (tale),
+<i>which is one of the species of poetical composition in prose</i>, a
+poetical matter is represented in verse, and sometimes the
+&#256;ry&#257;, and sometimes the Vaktra and Apavaktraka are the metres
+employed in it. It begins with stanzas in salutation to some divinity,
+as also descriptive of the behaviour of bad men and others.&rsquo; To
+this the commentary adds: &lsquo;The &ldquo;K&#257;dambar&#299;&rdquo;
+of B&#257;&#7751;abha&#7789;&#7789;a is an example.&rsquo; Professor
+Peterson corrects the translation of the words &lsquo;<span lang=
+"sa-latn">Kath&#257;y&#257;m sarasam&#803; vastu padyair eva
+vinirmitam</span>,&rsquo; giving as their sense, &lsquo;A narration in
+prose, with here and there a stray verse or two, <i>of matter already
+existing in a metrical form</i>.&rsquo;<a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e277src" href="#xd21e277" name="xd21e277src">8</a> According to
+his rendering, the Kath&#257; is in its essence a story claiming to be
+based on previous works in verse, whether in this case the original
+were B&#257;&#7751;a&rsquo;s own <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb.xiii"
+href="#pb.xiii" name="pb.xiii">xiii</a>]</span>metrical version of
+&lsquo;K&#257;dambar&#299;,&rsquo;<a class="noteref" id="xd21e283src"
+href="#xd21e283" name="xd21e283src">9</a> or the work which was also
+the original of the Kath&#257;-Sarit-S&#257;gara story.</p>
+<p>The story of Pu&#7751;&#7693;ar&#299;ka and
+Mah&#257;&ccedil;vet&#257; receives mention, firstly, for the
+introduction of death, contrary to the canon; secondly, for the
+determination of the nature of their sorrow, and its poetic quality,
+and consequent appeal to the feelings of the reader. Firstly: (&sect;
+215) &lsquo;Death, <i>which is a condition to which one may be brought
+by love, is not described in poetry and the drama, where the other
+conditions, such as anxiety, etc., are constantly described</i>,
+because it, <i>instead of enhancing</i>, causes the destruction of
+&ldquo;Flavour.&rdquo;<a class="noteref" id="xd21e294src" href=
+"#xd21e294" name="xd21e294src">10</a> But it may be spoken of (1) as
+having nearly taken place, or (2) as being mentally wished for; and it
+is <i>with propriety</i> described (3) if there is to be, at no distant
+date, a restoration to life.&rsquo; The commentary takes the story of
+Pu&#7751;&#7693;ar&#299;ka as an example of the third condition, and
+describes it as a &lsquo;case of pathetic separation.&rsquo; Secondly:
+(&sect; 224) &lsquo;Either of two young lovers being dead, and being
+yet to be regained <i>through some supernatural interposition</i>, when
+the one <i>left behind</i> is sorrowful, then let it be called the
+separation of tender sadness&rsquo; (<i>karu&#7751;avipralamhha</i>).
+The commentary gives Mah&#257;&ccedil;vet&#257; as the instance, and
+continues: &lsquo;But if <i>the lost one</i> be not regainable, or
+regainable <i>only after transmigration</i> in another body, the
+flavour is called the &ldquo;Pathetic&rdquo; simply, <i>there being in
+this case no room for any admixture of the &ldquo;Erotic&rdquo;</i>;
+but in the case just mentioned&mdash;of Pu&#7751;&#7693;ar&#299;ka and
+Mah&#257;&ccedil;vet&#257;&mdash;immediately on Sarasvat&#299;&rsquo;s
+declaration from the sky <i>that the lovers should be reunited</i>,
+there is the &ldquo;Erotic in its form of tender sadness,&rdquo; for
+desire arises on the expectation of reunion, but <span class=
+"sc">PREVIOUSLY</span> <i>to Sarasvat&#299;&rsquo;s promise</i> there
+was the &ldquo;Pathetic&rdquo;; such is the opinion of the competent
+authorities. And as for what some say in regard to the case of
+<i>Pu&#7751;&#7693;ar&#299;ka and <span class="corr" id="xd21e336"
+title="Source: Maha&ccedil;veta">Mah&#257;&ccedil;vet&#257;</span></i>,
+that &ldquo;moreover <span class="sc">AFTER</span> the expectation of
+reunion, <i>excited by Sarasvat&#299;&rsquo;s promise to that
+effect</i>, there is merely your <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb.xiv"
+href="#pb.xiv" name="pb.xiv">xiv</a>]</span>honour&rsquo;s variety of
+&ldquo;love in absence,&rdquo; (&sect; 222) the one which you call
+&ldquo;being abroad&rdquo; (&sect; 221)&mdash;others hold it to be
+distinct, because of the presence of that distinction, <span class=
+"sc">DEATH</span>, <i>which is something else than merely being
+abroad</i>.&rsquo; These are the passages in which direct mention is
+made of &lsquo;K&#257;dambar&#299;,&rsquo; and in &sect; 735, which
+defines special mention (<i>parisam&#803;khy&#257;</i>) as taking place
+&lsquo;when something is affirmed for the denial, expressed or
+understood, of something else similar to it,&rsquo; the commentary
+adds: &lsquo;When founded upon a Paronomasia, it is peculiarly
+striking, <i>e.g.</i>, &ldquo;When that king, the conqueror of the
+world, was protecting the earth, the mixture of colours (or castes) was
+in painting, etc<span class="corr" id="xd21e360" title=
+"Not in source">.</span>,&rdquo;&mdash;a passage from the description
+of &Ccedil;&#363;draka in &ldquo;K&#257;dambar&#299;&rdquo; (P.
+5).&rsquo;</p>
+<p>References to B&#257;&#7751;a in other works are given by Professor
+Peterson, so that three only need be mentioned here. The first I owe to
+the kindness of Professor C. Bendall. In a collection of manuscripts at
+the British Museum (Or., 445&ndash;447) &lsquo;consisting chiefly of
+law-books transcribed (perhaps for some European) on European paper in
+the Telugu-Canarese character,&rsquo; one, Or., 446 c., the
+K&#257;mandak&#299;ya-N&#299;ti-&Ccedil;&#257;stra, contains on folios
+128&ndash;131 a passage from &lsquo;K&#257;dambar&#299;&rsquo; (pp.
+76&ndash;84, <i>infra</i>)<a class="noteref" id="xd21e368src" href=
+"#xd21e368" name="xd21e368src">11</a> on the consecration of a
+crown-prince, and the duties and dangers of a king. It forms part of an
+introduction to the <span class="corr" id="xd21e371" title=
+"Source: K&#257;mandak&#299;ya-N&#299;ti-&Ccedil;astra">K&#257;mandak&#299;ya-N&#299;ti-&Ccedil;&#257;stra</span>
+and occurs without any hint of its being a quotation from another work.
+The author of the Nalacamp&#363; not only writes a verse in honour of
+B&#257;&#7751;a,<a class="noteref" id="xd21e374src" href="#xd21e374"
+name="xd21e374src">12</a> but models his whole style upon him. A
+curious instance of the long popularity of
+&lsquo;K&#257;dambar&#299;&rsquo; is that in the
+&lsquo;Durge&ccedil;anandin&#299;&rsquo; by Chattaji, an historical
+novel, published in 1871, and treating of the time of Akbar, the
+heroine is represented as reading in her boudoir the romance of
+&lsquo;K&#257;dambar&#299;.&rsquo;<a class="noteref" id="xd21e377src"
+href="#xd21e377" name="xd21e377src">13</a> <span class=
+"pagenum">[<a id="pb.xv" href="#pb.xv" name="pb.xv">xv</a>]</span></p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="div2 section">
+<div class="divHead">
+<h3 class="main">The Interest of
+&lsquo;K&#257;dambar&#299;.&rsquo;</h3>
+</div>
+<div class="divBody">
+<p class="first">It may be asked What is the value of
+&lsquo;K&#257;dambar&#299;&rsquo; for European readers? and to
+different persons the answer will doubtless be different. Historical
+interest, so far as that depends on the narration of historical facts,
+appears to be entirely lacking, though it may be that at some future
+time our knowledge from other sources may be so increased that we may
+recognise portraits and allusions in what seems now purely a work of
+romance. But in the wider sense in which history claims to deal with
+the social ideas that belong to any epoch,
+&lsquo;K&#257;dambar&#299;&rsquo; will always have value as
+representing the ways of thinking and feeling which were either
+customary or welcome at its own time, and which have continued to charm
+Indian readers. It is indeed true that it probably in many ways does
+not give a picture of contemporary manners, just as a medi&aelig;val
+illuminated manuscript often represents the dress and surroundings
+prior to the time of the illuminator, so as to gain the grace of
+remoteness bestowed by reverence for the past. In India, where change
+works but slowly, the description of the court and city life, where all
+the subjects show by outward tokens their sympathy with the joys and
+sorrows of their ruler, as in a Greek chorus, is vivid in its
+fidelity.<a class="noteref" id="xd21e387src" href="#xd21e387" name=
+"xd21e387src">14</a> The quiet yet busy life of the hermits in the
+forest, where the day is spent in worship and in peaceful toils, where
+at eve the sunbeams &lsquo;linger like birds on the crest of hill and
+tree,&rsquo; and where night &lsquo;darkens all save the hearts of the
+hermits,&rsquo; is full of charm.<a class="noteref" id="xd21e392src"
+href="#xd21e392" name="xd21e392src">15</a> <span class=
+"pagenum">[<a id="pb.xvi" href="#pb.xvi" name=
+"pb.xvi">xvi</a>]</span></p>
+<p>The coronation of the crown prince, the penances performed by the
+queen to win a son, the reverence paid to Mah&#257;k&#257;la, also
+belong to our picture of the time. The description of Ujjayin&#299;,
+surrounded by the Sipr&#257;, is too general in its terms to give a
+vivid notion of what it then was. The site of the temple of
+Mah&#257;k&#257;la is still shown outside the ruins of the old town. A
+point of special interest is the argument against the custom of suicide
+on the death of a friend. Candr&#257;p&#299;&#7693;a consoles
+Mah&#257;&ccedil;vet&#257; that she has not followed her lover in death
+by saying that one who kills himself at his friend&rsquo;s death makes
+that friend a sharer in the guilt, and can do no more for him in
+another world, whereas by living he can give help by sacrifices and
+offerings. Those, too, who die may not be reunited for thousands of
+births. In the &lsquo;Kath&#257;-Ko&ccedil;a&rsquo;<a class="noteref"
+id="xd21e406src" href="#xd21e406" name="xd21e406src">16</a> a prince is
+dissuaded from following his wife to death because &lsquo;Even the idea
+of union with your beloved will be impossible when you are dead&rsquo;;
+but the occurrence of the idea in a romance is more noteworthy than in
+a work which illustrates Jain doctrines. The question of food as
+affected by caste is touched on also (p. 205), when the
+Ca&#7751;&#7693;&#257;la maiden tells the parrot that a Brahman may, in
+case of need, receive food of any kind, and that water poured on the
+ground, and fruit, are pure even when brought by the lowest. Another
+point to be remarked is the mention of followers of many sects as being
+present at court. &Ccedil;iva, especially under the name of
+Mah&#257;k&#257;la at Ujjayin&#299;, receives special worship, and Agni
+and the M&#257;t&#7771;ik&#257;s (p. 14) also receive reverence. The
+zenanas include aged ascetic women (p. 217); followers of the Arhat,
+K&#7771;ish&#7751;a, Vi&ccedil;ravasa, Avalokite&ccedil;vara, and
+Viri&ntilde;ca (p. 162); and the courtyard of &Ccedil;ukan&#257;sa has
+&Ccedil;aivas and followers of &Ccedil;&#257;kyamuni (p. 217), also
+Kshapa&#7751;akas (explained by the Commentary as Digambaras). The
+king,<a class="noteref" id="xd21e409src" href="#xd21e409" name=
+"xd21e409src">17</a> <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb.xvii" href=
+"#pb.xvii" name="pb.xvii">xvii</a>]</span>however, is described as
+having an <i>&#363;r&#7751;&#257;</i> (the hair meeting between the
+brows), which is one of Buddha&rsquo;s marks; but the Commentary
+describes the <i>&#363;r&#7751;&#257;</i> as
+<i>cakravartiprabh&#7771;it&#299;n&#257;m eva n&#257;nyasya</i>, so
+probably it only belongs to Buddha as <i>cakravarti</i>, or universal
+ruler. This shows that the reign of Harsha was one of religious
+tolerance. Hiouen Thsang, indeed, claims him as a Buddhist at heart,
+and mentions his building Buddhist st&#363;pas,<a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e429src" href="#xd21e429" name="xd21e429src">18</a> but he
+describes himself as a &Ccedil;aiva in the Madhuban grant,<a class=
+"noteref" id="xd21e440src" href="#xd21e440" name="xd21e440src">19</a>
+and the preeminence yielded in &lsquo;K&#257;dambar&#299;&rsquo; to
+&Ccedil;iva certainly shows that his was then the popular worship.</p>
+<p>Another source of interest in &lsquo;K&#257;dambar&#299;&rsquo; lies
+in its contribution to folklore. It may perhaps contain nothing not
+found elsewhere, but the fact of its having a date gives it a value.
+The love of snakes for the breeze and for sandal-trees, the truth of
+dreams at the end of night, the magic circles, bathing in snake-ponds
+to gain a son, the mustard-seed and gh&#299; put in a baby&rsquo;s
+mouth, may all be familiar ideas, but we have a date at which they were
+known and not despised. Does the appeal to the truth of her heart by
+Mah&#257;&ccedil;vet&#257; in invoking the curse (p. 193) rest on the
+idea that fidelity to a husband confers supernatural power,<a class=
+"noteref" id="xd21e445src" href="#xd21e445" name="xd21e445src">20</a>
+or is it like the &lsquo;act of truth&rsquo; by which Buddha often
+performs miracles in the &lsquo;J&#257;taka&rsquo;?</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="div2 section">
+<div class="divHead">
+<h3 class="main">The Style of &lsquo;K&#257;dambar&#299;.&rsquo;</h3>
+</div>
+<div class="divBody">
+<p class="first">The unsettled chronology of Indian literature makes it
+impossible to work out at present B&#257;&#7751;a&rsquo;s relations
+with other Sanskrit writers. Professor Peterson,<a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e455src" href="#xd21e455" name="xd21e455src">21</a> indeed, makes
+some interesting conjectures as to his connection with other authors of
+his own country, and also suggests, from similarity of phrase, that he
+may have fallen indirectly under the influence of Alexandrian
+literature. Be that as it may, <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb.xviii"
+href="#pb.xviii" name="pb.xviii">xviii</a>]</span>he has been for many
+centuries a model of style, and it is therefore worth while to consider
+briefly the characteristics of his style compared with European
+standards. The first thing that strikes the reader is that the sense of
+proportion, the very foundation of style as we know it, is entirely
+absent. No topic is let go till the author can squeeze no more from it.
+In descriptions every possible minor detail is given in all its
+fulness; then follows a series of similes, and then a firework of puns.
+In speeches, be they lamentations or exhortations, grief is not
+assuaged, nor advice ended, till the same thing has been uttered with
+every existing variety of synonym. This defect, though it springs from
+the author&rsquo;s richness of resource and readiness of wit, makes the
+task of rendering in English the merit of the Sanskrit style an
+impossible one. It gives also a false impression; for to us a long
+description, if good, gives the effect of &lsquo;sweetness long drawn
+out,&rsquo; and, if bad, brings drowsiness; whereas in Sanskrit the
+unending compounds suggest the impetuous rush of a torrent, and the
+similes and puns are like the play of light and shade on its waters.
+B&#257;&#7751;a, according to Professor Weber,<a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e462src" href="#xd21e462" name="xd21e462src">22</a> &lsquo;passes
+for the special representative of the P&#257;&ntilde;c&#257;l&#299;
+style,&rsquo;<a class="noteref" id="xd21e467src" href="#xd21e467" name=
+"xd21e467src">23</a> which Bhoja, quoted in the commentary of the
+&lsquo;S&#257;hitya-Darpa&#7751;a,&rsquo; defines as &lsquo;a sweet and
+soft style characterized by force (<i>ojas</i>) and elegance
+(<i>k&#257;nti</i>), containing compounds of five or six words.&rsquo;
+But style, which is to poetic charm as the body to the soul, varies
+with the sense to be expressed, and B&#257;&#7751;a in many of his
+speeches is perfectly simple and direct. Owing to the peacefulness of
+&lsquo;K&#257;dambar&#299;,&rsquo; there is little opportunity for
+observing the rule that in the &lsquo;Kath&#257;&rsquo; letters
+&lsquo;ought not to be too rough, even when the flavour is
+furious.&rsquo;<a class="noteref" id="xd21e479src" href="#xd21e479"
+name="xd21e479src">24</a> Of the alliteration of initial consonants,
+the only long passage is in the description of &Ccedil;ukan&#257;sa (p.
+50), but in its subtler forms it constantly occurs. Of shorter passages
+there are several examples&mdash;<i>e.g.</i>, Candra
+Ca&#7751;&#7693;&#257;la <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb.xix" href=
+"#pb.xix" name="pb.xix">xix</a>]</span>(<i>infra</i>, p. 127);
+Candr&#257;p&#299;&#7693;a Ca&#7751;&#7693;&#257;lo (Sanskrit text, p.
+416); Utka&#7751;&#7789;h&#257;m sotka&#7751;&#7789;ham&#803;
+ka&#7751;&#7789;he jagr&#257;ha (<i>Ibid.</i>, p. 367);
+K&#257;mam&#803; sak&#257;mam&#803; kury&#257;m (<i>Ibid.</i>, p. 350);
+Candr&#257;p&#299;&#7693;a p&#299;&#7693;anay&#257; (<i>Ibid.</i>, p.
+370). The ornament of <i>&ccedil;lesha</i>, or paronomasia, which seems
+to arise from the untrained philological instinct of mankind seeking
+the fundamental identity of like sounds with apparently unlike meaning,
+and which lends dramatic intensity when, as sometimes in
+Shakespeare,<a class="noteref" id="xd21e505src" href="#xd21e505" name=
+"xd21e505src">25</a> a flash of passionate feeling reveals to the
+speaker an original sameness of meaning in words seemingly far apart,
+is by B&#257;&#7751;a used purely as an adornment. He speaks of
+pleasant stories interwoven with puns &lsquo;as jasmine garlands with
+campak buds,&rsquo; and they abound in his descriptions. The
+<i>rasanopam&#257;</i>,<a class="noteref" id="xd21e533src" href=
+"#xd21e533" name="xd21e533src">26</a> or girdle of similes, is
+exemplified (p. 115), &lsquo;As youth to beauty, love to youth, spring
+to love&rsquo; so was Kapi&ntilde;jala to Pu&#7751;&#7693;ar&#299;ka.
+<i>Vishamam&#803;</i> (incongruity) is the figure used in &lsquo;the
+brightness of his glory, free from heat, consumed his foes; constant,
+ever roamed&rsquo; (p. 48). It can scarcely be separated from
+<i>virodha</i> (contradiction)&mdash;often used, as in &lsquo;I will
+allay on the funeral pyre the fever which the moon, sandal, and all
+cool things have increased&rsquo; (p. 195)&mdash;or from
+<i>vicitram</i><a class="noteref" id="xd21e547src" href="#xd21e547"
+name="xd21e547src">27</a> (strangeness), where an act is contrary to
+its apparent purpose: &lsquo;There lives not the man whom the virtues
+of the most courteous lady K&#257;dambar&#299; do not discourteously
+enslave&rsquo; (p. 159). <i>Arth&#257;patti</i><a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e554src" href="#xd21e554" name="xd21e554src">28</a> (<i>a
+fortiori</i> conclusion) is exemplified in &lsquo;Even the senseless
+trees, robed in bark, seem like fellow-ascetics of this holy man. How
+much more, then, living beings endowed with sense!&rsquo; (p. 43). Time
+and space would alike fail for analysis of B&#257;&#7751;a&rsquo;s
+similes according to the rules of the
+&lsquo;S&#257;hitya-Darpa&#7751;a.&rsquo;<a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e563src" href="#xd21e563" name="xd21e563src">29</a> <span class=
+"pagenum">[<a id="pb.xx" href="#pb.xx" name="pb.xx">xx</a>]</span>The
+author of the &lsquo;R&#257;ghavap&#257;&#7751;&#7693;av&#299;ya&rsquo;
+considers Subandhu and B&#257;&#7751;a as his only equals in
+<i>vakrokti</i>, or crooked speech, and the fault of a &lsquo;meaning
+to be guessed out&rsquo; (&lsquo;S&#257;hitya-Darpa&#7751;a,&rsquo;
+&sect; 574) is not rare. The
+&lsquo;K&#257;vya-Prak&#257;&ccedil;a,&rsquo; in addition to the
+references given by Professor Peterson, quotes a stanza describing a
+horse in the &lsquo;Harsha-Carita&rsquo; (chap. iii.) as an example of
+<i>svabh&#257;vokti</i>.</p>
+<p>The hero belongs to the division described as the high-spirited, but
+temperate and firm (&lsquo;S&#257;hitya-Darpa&#7751;a,&rsquo; &sect;
+64), <i>i.e.</i>, he who is &lsquo;not given to boasting, placable,
+very profound, with great self-command, resolute, whose self-esteem is
+concealed, and faithful to his engagements,&rsquo; and who has the
+&lsquo;eight manly qualities&rsquo; of &lsquo;brilliancy, vivacity,
+sweetness of temper, depth of character, steadfastness, keen sense of
+honour, gallantry, and magnanimity&rsquo; (<i>Ibid.</i>, &sect; 89).
+K&#257;dambar&#299; is the type of the youthful heroine who feels love
+for the first time, is shy, and gentle even in indignation
+(<i>Ibid.</i>, &sect; 98). The companions of each are also those
+declared in the books of rhetoric to be appropriate.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="div2 section">
+<div class="divHead">
+<h3 class="main">Literary Parallels.</h3>
+</div>
+<div class="divBody">
+<p class="first">The work which most invites comparison with
+&lsquo;K&#257;dambar&#299;&rsquo; is one far removed from it in place
+and time&mdash;Spenser&rsquo;s &lsquo;Faerie Queene.&rsquo; Both have
+in great measure the same faults and the same virtues. The lack of
+proportion,&mdash;due partly to too large a plan, partly to an
+imagination wandering at will&mdash;the absence of
+visualization&mdash;which in Spenser produces sometimes a line like</p>
+<div class="lgouter">
+<p class="line">&lsquo;A lovely Ladie rode him faire beside</p>
+<p class="line">Upon a lowly Asse more white then snow,</p>
+<p class="line"><i>Yet she much whiter</i>,&rsquo;</p>
+</div>
+<p class="first">and in B&#257;&#7751;a many a description like that of
+Mah&#257;&ccedil;vet&#257;&rsquo;s fairness (pp. 95&ndash;97)&mdash;the
+undiscriminating praise bestowed on those whom they would fain honour,
+the shadowy nature of many of their personages, and the intricacies in
+which the story loses itself, are faults common to both. Both, too, by
+a strange coincidence, died with their work unfinished. But if they
+have the same faults, they have also many of the same virtues. The love
+of what is <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb.xxi" href="#pb.xxi" name=
+"pb.xxi">xxi</a>]</span>beautiful and pure both in character and the
+world around, tenderness of heart, a gentle spirit troubled by the
+disquiet of life,<a class="noteref" id="xd21e605src" href="#xd21e605"
+name="xd21e605src">30</a> grace and sweetness of style, and idyllic
+simplicity, are common to both. Though, however,
+Candr&#257;p&#299;&#7693;a may have the chivalry and reverence of the
+Red Cross Knight, and Una share with K&#257;dambar&#299; or
+Rohi&#7751;&#299; &lsquo;nobility, tenderness, loftiness of soul,
+devotion and charm,&rsquo;<a class="noteref" id="xd21e610src" href=
+"#xd21e610" name="xd21e610src">31</a> the English hero and heroine are
+more real and more strenuous. We are, indeed, told in one hurried
+sentence of the heroic deeds of Candr&#257;p&#299;&#7693;a in his
+world-conquest, and his self-control and firmness are often insisted
+on; but as he appears throughout the book, his self-control is
+constantly broken down by affection or grief, and his firmness
+destroyed by a timid balancing of conflicting duties, while his real
+virtue is his unfailing gentleness and courtesy. Nor could
+K&#257;dambar&#299;, like Una, bid him, in any conflict, &lsquo;Add
+faith unto your force, and be not faint.&rsquo; She is, perhaps, in
+youth and entire self-surrender, more like Shakespeare&rsquo;s Juliet,
+but she lacks her courage and resolve.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="div2 section">
+<div class="divHead">
+<h3 class="main">The Purpose of &lsquo;K&#257;dambar&#299;.&rsquo;</h3>
+</div>
+<div class="divBody">
+<p class="first">The likeness of spirit between these two leads to the
+question, Had B&#257;&#7751;a, like Spenser, any purpose, ethical or
+political, underlying his story? On the surface it is pure romance, and
+it is hard to believe that he had any motive but the simple delight of
+self-expression and love for the children of his own imagination. He
+only claims to tell a story &lsquo;tender with the charm of gracious
+speech, that comes of itself, like a bride, to the possession of its
+lord&rsquo;;<a class="noteref" id="xd21e620src" href="#xd21e620" name=
+"xd21e620src">32</a> but it may be that he gladly gathered up in old
+age the fruits of his life&rsquo;s experience, and that his own memory
+of his father&rsquo;s tenderness to his childhood, of the temptations
+of youth, and of the dangers of prosperity and flattery that assail the
+heart of kings, was not used only to adorn a tale, but to be a guide to
+others on the perilous path of life. Be that as it may, the interest of
+&lsquo;K&#257;dambar&#299;,&rsquo; like that of the &lsquo;Faerie
+<span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb.xxii" href="#pb.xxii" name=
+"pb.xxii">xxii</a>]</span>Queene,&rsquo; does not depend for us now on
+any underlying purpose, but on the picture it presents in itself of the
+life and thought of a world removed in time, but not in sympathy, from
+our own; on the fresh understanding it gives of those who are in the
+widest sense our fellow-countrymen; and on the charm, to quote the
+beautiful words of Professor Peterson, &lsquo;of a story of human
+sorrow and divine consolation, of death and the passionate longing for
+a union after death, that goes straight from the heart of one who had
+himself felt the pang, and nursed the hope, to us who are of like frame
+with him ... the story which from the beginning of time mortal ears
+have yearned to hear, but which mortal lips have never
+spoken.&rsquo;</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="div2 section">
+<div class="divHead">
+<h3 class="main">The Plan of the Translation.</h3>
+</div>
+<div class="divBody">
+<p class="first">The translation of B&#257;&#7751;a presents much
+difficulty from the elaboration of his style, and it has been a
+specially hard task, and sometimes an impossible one, to give any
+rendering of the constant play on words in which he delights. I have
+sometimes endeavoured to give what might be an English equivalent, and
+in such cases I have added in a note the literal meaning of both
+alternatives; perhaps too much freedom may have been used, and
+sometimes also the best alternative may not have been chosen to place
+in the text; but those who have most experience will know how hard it
+is to do otherwise than fail. Some long descriptions have been omitted,
+such, <i>e.g.</i>, as a passage of several pages describing how the
+dust rose under the feet of Candr&#257;p&#299;&#7693;a&rsquo;s army,
+and others where there seemed no special interest or variety to redeem
+their tediousness. A list of these omissions<a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e635src" href="#xd21e635" name="xd21e635src">33</a> is given at
+the end, together with an appendix, in which a few passages, chiefly
+interesting as mentioning religious sects, are added. I have acted on
+Professor Cowell&rsquo;s advice as to the principle on which omissions
+are made, as also in giving only a full abstract, and not a
+translation, of the continuation of &lsquo;K&#257;dambar&#299;&rsquo;
+by <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb.xxiii" href="#pb.xxiii" name=
+"pb.xxiii">xxiii</a>]</span>Bh&#363;sha&#7751;a. It is so entirely an
+imitation of his father&rsquo;s work in style, with all his faults, and
+without the originality that redeems them, that it would not reward
+translation. In my abstract I have kept the direct narration as more
+simple, but even when passages are given rather fully, it does not
+profess in any case to be more than a very free rendering; sometimes
+only the sense of a whole passage is summed up. I regret that the
+system of transliteration approved by the Royal Asiatic Society came
+too late for adoption here.</p>
+<p>The edition of &lsquo;K&#257;dambar&#299;&rsquo; to which the
+references in the text are given is that of the
+Nir&#7751;aya-S&#257;gara Press (Bombay, 1890), which the full
+commentary makes indispensable, but I have also throughout made use of
+Professor Peterson&rsquo;s edition (Bombay Sanskrit Series, No. xxiv.).
+For the last half of the Second Part<a class="noteref" id="xd21e642src"
+href="#xd21e642" name="xd21e642src">34</a> I have referred to an
+anonymous literal translation, published by the New Britannia Press
+Depository, 78, Amherst Street, Calcutta.</p>
+<p>I have now to offer my grateful thanks to the Secretary of State for
+India, without whose kind help the volume could not have been
+published. I have also to thank Miss C. M. Duff for allowing me to use
+the MS. of her &lsquo;Indian Chronology&rsquo;; Miss E. Dale, of Girton
+College, for botanical notes, which I regret that want of space
+prevented my printing in full; Mr. C. Tawney, librarian of the Indian
+Office, for information as to the sources of Indian fiction; Mr. F. F.
+Arbuthnot and Professor Rhys-Davids, for valuable advice; Professor C.
+Bendall, for his description of the <span class="corr" id="xd21e647"
+title=
+"Source: K&#257;mandak&#299;ya-Nit&#299;-&Ccedil;&#257;stra">K&#257;mandak&#299;ya-N&#299;ti-&Ccedil;&#257;stra</span>,
+and his constant kindness about my work; Mr. F. W. Thomas, of Trinity
+College, for letting me see the proof-sheets of the translation of the
+&lsquo;Harsha Carita&rsquo;; and others for suggested renderings of
+difficult phrases, and for help of various kinds.</p>
+<p>But especially my thanks are due to Professor Cowell<a class=
+"noteref" id="xd21e652src" href="#xd21e652" name="xd21e652src">35</a>
+<span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb.xxiv" href="#pb.xxiv" name=
+"pb.xxiv">xxiv</a>]</span>for a generosity and unwearied helpfulness
+which all his pupils know, and which perhaps few but they could
+imagine. I read through with him the whole of the First Part before
+translating it myself, so that mistakes in the translation, many as
+they may be, can arise only from misunderstanding on my part, from too
+great freedom of rendering, or from failing to have recourse to the
+knowledge he so freely gives.</p>
+<div lang="sa-latn" class="lgouter">
+<p class="line">&lsquo;V&#7771;ihatsah&#257;yah&#803;
+k&#257;ry&#257;ntam&#803; kshod&#299;y&#257;napi gacchati;</p>
+<p class="line">Sambh&#363;y&#257;mbodhim abhyeti mah&#257;nady&#257;
+nag&#257;pag&#257;.&rsquo;</p>
+</div>
+<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb1" href="#pb1" name=
+"pb1">1</a>]</span></p>
+</div>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="footnotes">
+<hr class="fnsep">
+<p class="footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e183" href="#xd21e183src" name="xd21e183">1</a></span> It is
+needless to give here more than the few facts essential for the
+understanding of &lsquo;K&#257;dambar&#299;,&rsquo; for the life and
+times of B&#257;&#7751;a will probably be treated of in the translation
+of the &lsquo;Harsha-Carita&rsquo; by Professor Cowell and Mr. Thomas
+in this series; and Professor Peterson&rsquo;s Introduction to his
+edition of &lsquo;K&#257;dambar&#299;&rsquo; (Bombay Sanskrit Series,
+1889) deals fully with B&#257;&#7751;a&rsquo;s place in literature. The
+facts here given are, for the most part, taken from the latter
+work.</p>
+<p class="footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e192" href="#xd21e192src" name="xd21e192">2</a></span>
+<i>E.g.</i>, the Madhuban grant of Sam&#803; 25, E. I. i., 67 ff. For
+this and other chronological references I am indebted to Miss C. M.
+Duff, who has let me use the MS. of her &lsquo;Chronology of
+India.&rsquo;</p>
+<p class="footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e200" href="#xd21e200src" name="xd21e200">3</a></span> For
+B&#257;&#7751;a&rsquo;s early life, <i>V.</i>
+&lsquo;Harsha-Carita,&rsquo; chs. i., ii. I have to thank Mr. F. W.
+Thomas for allowing me to see the proof-sheets of his translation.</p>
+<p class="footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e210" href="#xd21e210src" name="xd21e210">4</a></span> Peterson,
+&lsquo;K&#257;dambar&#299;,&rsquo; pp. 96&ndash;98; and &lsquo;The
+Subh&#257;shit&#257;vali,&rsquo; edited by Peterson (Bombay Sanskrit
+Series, 1886), pp. 62&ndash;66.</p>
+<p class="footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e243" href="#xd21e243src" name="xd21e243">5</a></span> Translated
+by Mr. C. Tawney (Calcutta, 1884), vol. ii., pp. 17&ndash;26.
+Somadeva&rsquo;s date is about <span class="sc">A.D.</span> 1063.</p>
+<p class="footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e255" href="#xd21e255src" name="xd21e255">6</a></span> <i>V.</i>
+Peterson, &lsquo;K&#257;dambar&#299;,&rsquo; pp. 82&ndash;96.</p>
+<p class="footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e265" href="#xd21e265src" name="xd21e265">7</a></span> Translated
+by Ballantyne and Pramad&#257;-D&#257;sa-Mitra (Calcutta, 1875), &sect;
+567. The italics represent words supplied by the translators.</p>
+<p class="footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e277" href="#xd21e277src" name="xd21e277">8</a></span>
+K&#257;dambar&#299;,&rsquo; p. 69.</p>
+<p class="footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e283" href="#xd21e283src" name="xd21e283">9</a></span> Professor
+Peterson does not, however, make this deduction in favour of
+B&#257;&#7751;a&rsquo;s own version.</p>
+<p class="footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e294" href="#xd21e294src" name="xd21e294">10</a></span>
+<i>I.e.</i>, <i>rasa</i>, poetic charm.</p>
+<p class="footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e368" href="#xd21e368src" name="xd21e368">11</a></span>
+&lsquo;K&#257;dambar&#299;,&rsquo; Nir&#7751;aya S&#257;gara Press,
+Bombay, pp. 205&ndash;221. &lsquo;Evam&#803;
+samatikr&#257;matsu&mdash;&#257;jag&#257;ma.&rsquo;</p>
+<p class="footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e374" href="#xd21e374src" name="xd21e374">12</a></span> Bombay
+edition, p. 6.</p>
+<p class="footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e377" href="#xd21e377src" name="xd21e377">13</a></span> Professor
+Cowells review of &lsquo;A Bengali Historical Novel.&rsquo; Macmillan,
+April, 1872.</p>
+<p class="footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e387" href="#xd21e387src" name="xd21e387">14</a></span> <i>V.</i>
+Peterson, &lsquo;K&#257;dambar&#299;,&rsquo; p. 42.</p>
+<p class="footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e392" href="#xd21e392src" name="xd21e392">15</a></span> Indeed,
+this description is so like in spirit to that of Clairvaux, that I
+cannot forbear quoting a few lines of the latter. The writer describes
+the workshops where the brethren labour, and the orchard used for rest
+and quiet thought, and goes on to say how the Aube is raised by the
+toils of the brethren to the level of the Abbey; it throws half its
+water into the Abbey, &lsquo;as if to salute the brethren, and seems to
+excuse itself for not coming in its whole force.&rsquo; Then &lsquo;it
+returns with rapid current to the stream, and renders to it, in the
+name of Clairvaux, thanks for all the services which it has
+performed.&rsquo; The writer then goes on to tell of the fountain
+which, protected by a grassy pavilion, rises from the mountain, and is
+quickly engulfed in the valley, &lsquo;offering itself to charm the
+sight and supply the wants of the brethren, as if it were not willing
+to have communition with any others than saints.&rsquo; This last is
+surely a touch worthy of B&#257;&#7751;a. <i>V.</i> Dr. Eale&rsquo;s
+translation of &lsquo;St. Bernard&rsquo;s Works.&rsquo; London, 1889,
+vol. ii., pp. 462&ndash;467.</p>
+<p class="footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e406" href="#xd21e406src" name="xd21e406">16</a></span> Translated
+by Mr. C. Tawney. Oriental Translation Fund Series, p. 113.</p>
+<p class="footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e409" href="#xd21e409src" name="xd21e409">17</a></span> <i>V.</i>
+&lsquo;K&#257;dambar&#299;,&rsquo; Nir&#7751;aya S&#257;gara, p. 19, l.
+2.</p>
+<p class="footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e429" href="#xd21e429src" name="xd21e429">18</a></span>
+&lsquo;Hiouen Thsang<a id="xd21e431" name="xd21e431"></a>,&rsquo;
+translated by St. Julien, &lsquo;<span lang="fr">M&eacute;moires sur
+les Contr&eacute;es Occidentals,</span>&rsquo; I., pp. 247&ndash;265.
+<i>Cf.</i> also &lsquo;Harsha-Carita,&rsquo; ch. viii. (p. 236 of the
+translation), where he pays great honour to a Buddhist sage.</p>
+<p class="footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e440" href="#xd21e440src" name="xd21e440">19</a></span> E. I. i.
+67.</p>
+<p class="footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e445" href="#xd21e445src" name="xd21e445">20</a></span> <i>V.</i>
+&lsquo;Kath&#257;-Sarit-S&#257;gara,&rsquo; i. 505.</p>
+<p class="footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e455" href="#xd21e455src" name="xd21e455">21</a></span> <i>V.</i>
+&lsquo;K&#257;dambar&#299;,&rsquo; pp. 97&ndash;104.</p>
+<p class="footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e462" href="#xd21e462src" name="xd21e462">22</a></span> <i>V.</i>
+&lsquo;History of Indian Literature,&rsquo; translation, London, 1878,
+p. 232.</p>
+<p class="footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e467" href="#xd21e467src" name="xd21e467">23</a></span> <i>V.</i>
+&lsquo;S&#257;hitya-Darpa&#7751;a,&rsquo; &sect; 626&ndash;628.</p>
+<p class="footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e479" href="#xd21e479src" name="xd21e479">24</a></span>
+<i>Ibid.</i>, &sect; 630.</p>
+<p class="footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e505" href="#xd21e505src" name="xd21e505">25</a></span></p>
+<div class="q">
+<div class="body">
+<div class="lgouter footnote">
+<p class="line">&lsquo;Not on thy sole, but on thy soul, harsh Jew,</p>
+<p class="line">Thou makest thy knife keen.&rsquo;</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+</div>
+<p class="footnote xd21e516">&lsquo;Merchant of Venice,&rsquo; IV. 1,
+123 (Globe edition).</p>
+<div class="q">
+<div class="body">
+<div class="lgouter footnote">
+<p class="line">&lsquo;Now is it Rome indeed, and room enough,</p>
+<p class="line">When there is in it but one only man.&rsquo;</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+</div>
+<p class="footnote xd21e516">&lsquo;Julius C&aelig;sar,&rsquo; I. 2,
+156.</p>
+<p class="footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e533" href="#xd21e533src" name="xd21e533">26</a></span> <i>V.</i>
+&lsquo;S&#257;hitya-Darpa&#7751;a,&rsquo; &sect; 664.</p>
+<p class="footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e547" href="#xd21e547src" name="xd21e547">27</a></span>
+<i>Ibid.</i>, &sect; 718&ndash;722.</p>
+<p class="footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e554" href="#xd21e554src" name="xd21e554">28</a></span>
+<i>Ibid.</i>, &sect; 738.</p>
+<p class="footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e563" href="#xd21e563src" name="xd21e563">29</a></span> <i>V.</i>
+Peterson, &lsquo;K&#257;dambar&#299;,&rsquo; p. 36.</p>
+<p class="footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e605" href="#xd21e605src" name="xd21e605">30</a></span> <i>Cf.</i>
+Spenser&rsquo;s stanzas on Mutability.</p>
+<p class="footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e610" href="#xd21e610src" name="xd21e610">31</a></span> <i>V.
+infra</i>, p. 208.</p>
+<p class="footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e620" href="#xd21e620src" name="xd21e620">32</a></span> <i>V.
+infra</i>, p. 2.</p>
+<p class="footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e635" href="#xd21e635src" name="xd21e635">33</a></span> The list
+looks long, but the pages in the
+&lsquo;Nir&#7751;aya-S&#257;gara&rsquo; edition contain frequently but
+few lines, and many of the omissions are a line or two of oft-repeated
+similes.</p>
+<p class="footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e642" href="#xd21e642src" name="xd21e642">34</a></span> Beginning
+at p. 566 of the &lsquo;Nir&#7751;aya-S&#257;gara&rsquo; edition.</p>
+<p class="footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e652" href="#xd21e652src" name="xd21e652">35</a></span> I here
+take the opportunity to acknowledge what by an oversight was omitted in
+its proper place, my indebtedness to Professor Cowell for the rendering
+into English verse of two couplets given on pp. 11 and 113.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="body">
+<div class="div1 chapter">
+<div class="divHead">
+<h2 class="main">K&#256;DAMBAR&#298;.</h2>
+</div>
+<div class="divBody">
+<p class="first">(<span>1</span>) Hail to the Birthless, the cause of
+creation, continuance, and destruction, triple<a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e672src" href="#xd21e672" name="xd21e672src">1</a> in form and
+quality, who shows activity in the birth of things, goodness in their
+continuance, and darkness in their destruction.</p>
+<p>(<span>2</span>) Glory to the dust of Tryambaka&rsquo;s feet,
+caressed by the diadem of the demon B&#257;&#7751;a<a class="noteref"
+id="xd21e680src" href="#xd21e680" name="xd21e680src">2</a>; even that
+dust that kisses the circle of R&#257;va&#7751;a&rsquo;s ten
+crest-gems, that rests on the crests of the lords of gods and demons,
+and that destroys our transitory life.</p>
+<p>(<span>3</span>) Glory to Vish&#7751;u, who, resolving to strike
+from afar, with but a moment&rsquo;s glance from his wrath-inflamed eye
+stained the breast of his enemy, as if it had burst of itself in
+terror.</p>
+<p>I salute the lotus feet of Bhatsu,<a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e690src" href="#xd21e690" name="xd21e690src">3</a> honoured by
+crowned Maukharis: the feet which have their tawny toes rubbed on a
+footstool made by the united crowns of neighbouring kings.</p>
+<p>Who is there that fears not the wicked, pitiless in causeless
+enmity; in whose mouth calumny hard to bear is always ready as the
+poison of a serpent?</p>
+<p>The wicked, like fetters, echo harshly, wound deeply, and leave a
+scar; while the good, like jewelled anklets, ever charm the mind with
+sweet sounds.</p>
+<p>(<span>4</span>) In a bad man gentle words sink no deeper than the
+throat, like nectar swallowed by R&#257;hu. The good man bears them
+constantly on his heart, as Hari his pure gem. <span class=
+"pagenum">[<a id="pb2" href="#pb2" name="pb2">2</a>]</span></p>
+<p>A story tender with the charm of gracious speech, creates in the
+heart joy full of fresh interest<a class="noteref" id="xd21e705src"
+href="#xd21e705" name="xd21e705src">4</a>; and it comes of itself, with
+native feeling, to its lord&rsquo;s possession, like a fresh
+bride.<a class="noteref" id="xd21e719src" href="#xd21e719" name=
+"xd21e719src">5</a></p>
+<p>Who is not carried captive by tales fashioned in freshness of
+speech, all alight with similes, and the lamps of glowing
+words<a class="noteref" id="xd21e732src" href="#xd21e732" name=
+"xd21e732src">6</a>: pleasant tales interwoven with many a contrast of
+words,<a class="noteref" id="xd21e741src" href="#xd21e741" name=
+"xd21e741src">7</a> as jasmine garlands with campak buds?</p>
+<p>There was once a Brahman, Kuvera by name, sprung from the race of
+V&#257;tsy&#257;yana, sung throughout the world for his virtue, a
+leader of the good: his lotus feet were worshipped by many a Gupta, and
+he seemed a very portion of Brahma.</p>
+<p>(<span>5</span>) On his mouth Sarasvat&#299; ever dwelt: for in it
+all evil was stilled by the Veda; it had lips purified by sacrificial
+cake, and a palate bitter with soma, and it was pleasant with
+sm&#7771;iti and &ccedil;&#257;stra.</p>
+<p>In his house frightened boys, as they repeated verses of the Yajur
+and S&#257;ma Veda, were chidden at every word by caged parrots and
+mainas, who were thoroughly versed in everything belonging to
+words.</p>
+<p>From him was born Arthapati, a lord of the twice-born, as
+Hira&#7751;yagarbha from the world-egg, the moon from the Milky Ocean,
+or Garu&#7693;a from Vinat&#257;.</p>
+<p>As he unfolded his spreading discourse day by day at dawn, new
+troops of pupils, intent on listening,<a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e764src" href="#xd21e764" name="xd21e764src">8</a> gave him a new
+glory, like fresh sandal-shoots fixed on the ear.</p>
+<p>(<span>6</span>) With countless sacrifices adorned with gifts duly
+offered,<a class="noteref" id="xd21e772src" href="#xd21e772" name=
+"xd21e772src">9</a> having glowing Mah&#257;v&#299;ra fires in their
+midst,<a class="noteref" id="xd21e775src" href="#xd21e775" name=
+"xd21e775src">10</a> and raising the sacrificial posts as their
+hands,<a class="noteref" id="xd21e778src" href="#xd21e778" name=
+"xd21e778src">11</a> he won easily, as if with a troop of elephants,
+the abode of the gods. <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb3" href="#pb3"
+name="pb3">3</a>]</span></p>
+<p>He in due course obtained a son, Citrabh&#257;nu, who amongst his
+other noble and glorious sons, all versed in &ccedil;ruti and
+&ccedil;&#257;stra, shone as crystal, like Kail&#257;sa among
+mountains.</p>
+<p>The virtues of that noble man, reaching far and gleaming bright as a
+digit of the moon, yet without its spot, pierced deep even into the
+hearts of his foes, like the budding claws of N&#7771;isim&#803;ha
+(Vish&#7751;u).</p>
+<p>The dark smoke of many a sacrifice rose like curls on the brow of
+the goddesses of the sky; or like shoots of tam&#257;la on the ear of
+the bride, the Threefold Veda, and only made his own glory shine more
+bright.</p>
+<p>From him was born a son, B&#257;&#7751;a, when the drops that rose
+from the fatigue of the soma sacrifice were wiped from his brow by the
+folded lotus hands of Sarasvat&#299;, and when the seven worlds had
+been illuminated by the rays of his glory.</p>
+<p>(<span>7</span>) By that Brahman, albeit with a mind keeping even in
+his unspoken words its original <span class="corr" id="xd21e795" title=
+"Source: dulness">dullness</span> blinded by the darkness of its own
+utter folly, and simple from having never gained the charm of ready
+wit, this tale, surpassing the other two,<a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e798src" href="#xd21e798" name="xd21e798src">12</a> was fashioned,
+even K&#257;dambar&#299;.</p>
+<hr class="tb">
+<p>There was once upon a time a king named &Ccedil;&#363;draka. Like a
+second Indra, he had his commands honoured by the bent heads of all
+kings; he was lord of the earth girt in by the four oceans; he had an
+army of neighbouring chiefs bowed down in loyalty to his majesty; he
+had the signs of a universal emperor; (<span>8</span>) like
+Vish&#7751;u, his lotus-hand bore the sign of the conch and the quoit;
+like &Ccedil;iva, he had overcome Love; like K&#257;rtikeya, he was
+unconquerable in might<a class="noteref" id="xd21e813src" href=
+"#xd21e813" name="xd21e813src">13</a>; like Brahma, he had the circle
+of great kings humbled<a class="noteref" id="xd21e822src" href=
+"#xd21e822" name="xd21e822src">14</a>; like the ocean, he was the
+source of Lakshm&#299;; like the stream of Ganges, he followed in the
+course of the pious king Bhag&#299;ratha; like the sun, he rose daily
+in fresh splendour; like Meru, the brightness of his foot was
+<span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb4" href="#pb4" name=
+"pb4">4</a>]</span>honoured by all the world; like the elephant of the
+quarters,<a class="noteref" id="xd21e827src" href="#xd21e827" name=
+"xd21e827src">15</a> he constantly poured forth a stream of generosity.
+He was a worker of wonders, an offerer of sacrifices, a mirror of moral
+law, a source of the arts, a native home of virtue; a spring of the
+ambrosial sweetness of poetry, a mountain of sunrise to all his
+friends,<a class="noteref" id="xd21e837src" href="#xd21e837" name=
+"xd21e837src">16</a> and a direful comet to all his foes.
+(<span>9</span>) He was, moreover, a founder of literary societies, a
+refuge for men of taste, a rejecter of haughty bowholders, a leader
+among the bold, a chief among the wise. He was a cause of gladness to
+the humble, as Vainateya<a class="noteref" id="xd21e843src" href=
+"#xd21e843" name="xd21e843src">17</a> was to Vinat&#257;. He rooted up
+with the point of his bow the boundary-mountains of his foes as
+Prithur&#257;ja did the noble mountains. He mocked K&#7771;ish&#7751;a,
+also, for while the latter made his boast of his man-lion form, he
+himself smote down the hearts of his foes by his very name, and while
+K&#7771;ish&#7751;a wearied the universe with his three steps, he
+subdued the whole world by one heroic effort. Glory long dwelt on the
+watered edge of his sword, as if to wash off the stain of contact with
+a thousand base chieftains, which had clung to her too long.</p>
+<p>By the indwelling of Dharma in his mind, Yama in his wrath, Kuvera
+in his kindness, Agni in his splendour, Earth in his arm, Lakshm&#299;
+in his glance, Sarasvat&#299; in his eloquence, (<span>10</span>) the
+Moon in his face, the Wind in his might, B&#7771;ihaspati in his
+knowledge, Love in his beauty, the Sun in his glory, he resembled holy
+N&#257;r&#257;ya&#7751;a, whose nature manifests every form, and who is
+the very essence of deity. Royal glory came to him once for all, like a
+woman coming to meet her lover, on the nights of battle stormy with the
+showers of ichor from the elephants&rsquo; temples, and stood by him in
+the midst of the darkness of thousands of coats of mail, loosened from
+the doors of the breasts of warriors. She seemed to be drawn
+irresistibly by his sword, which was uneven in its edge, by reason of
+the drops of water forced out by the pressure of his strong hand, and
+which <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb5" href="#pb5" name=
+"pb5">5</a>]</span>was decked with large pearls clinging to it when he
+clove the frontal bones of wild elephants. The flame of his majesty
+burnt day and night, as if it were a fire within his foes&rsquo; fair
+wives, albeit reft of their lords, as if he would destroy the husbands
+now only enshrined in their hearts.</p>
+<p>(<span>11</span>) While he, having subdued the earth, was guardian
+of the world, the only mixing of colour<a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e865src" href="#xd21e865" name="xd21e865src">18</a> was in
+painting; the only pulling of hair in caresses; the only strict fetters
+in the laws of poetry; the only care was concerning moral law; the only
+deception was in dreams; the only golden rods<a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e868src" href="#xd21e868" name="xd21e868src">19</a> were in
+umbrellas. Banners alone trembled; songs alone showed
+variations<a class="noteref" id="xd21e871src" href="#xd21e871" name=
+"xd21e871src">20</a>; elephants alone were rampant;<a class="noteref"
+id="xd21e874src" href="#xd21e874" name="xd21e874src">21</a> bows alone
+had severed cords;<a class="noteref" id="xd21e887src" href="#xd21e887"
+name="xd21e887src">22</a> lattice windows alone had ensnaring network;
+lovers&rsquo; disputes alone caused sending of messengers; dice and
+chessmen alone left empty squares; and his subjects had no deserted
+homes. Under him, too, there was only fear of the next world, only
+twisting in the curls of the zenana women, only loquacity in anklets,
+only taking the hand<a class="noteref" id="xd21e890src" href=
+"#xd21e890" name="xd21e890src">23</a> in marriage, only shedding of
+tears from the smoke of ceaseless sacrificial fires; the only sound of
+the lash was for horses, while the only twang of the bow was
+Love&rsquo;s.</p>
+<p>(<span>15</span>) When the thousand-rayed sun, bursting open the
+young lotus-buds, had not long risen, though it had lost somewhat of
+the pinkness of dawn, a portress approached the king in his hall of
+audience, and humbly addressed him. Her form was lovely, yet
+awe-inspiring, and with the scimitar (a weapon rarely worn by women)
+hanging at her left side, was like a sandal-tree girt by a snake. Her
+bosom glistened with rich sandal ointment like the heavenly Ganges when
+the frontal-bone of Air&#257;vata rises from its waters.
+(<span>16</span>) The chiefs bent before her seemed, by her reflection
+on their crests, to bear her on their foreheads as a royal command in
+human form. Like autumn,<a class="noteref" id="xd21e901src" href=
+"#xd21e901" name="xd21e901src">24</a> she was robed in the whiteness of
+ham&#803;sas; like the blade <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb6" href=
+"#pb6" name="pb6">6</a>]</span>of Para&ccedil;ur&#257;ma she held the
+circle of kings in submission; like the forest land of the Vindhyas,
+she bore her wand,<a class="noteref" id="xd21e909src" href="#xd21e909"
+name="xd21e909src">25</a> and she seemed the very guardian-goddess of
+the realm. Placing on the ground her lotus hand and knee, she thus
+spake: &lsquo;Sire, there stands at the gate a Ca&#7751;&#7693;&#257;la
+maiden from the South, a royal glory of the race of that
+Tri&ccedil;am&#803;ku<a class="noteref" id="xd21e913src" href=
+"#xd21e913" name="xd21e913src">26</a> who climbed the sky, but fell
+from it at the murmur of wrathful Indra. She bears a parrot in a cage,
+and bids me thus hail your majesty: &ldquo;Sire, thou, like the ocean,
+art alone worthy to receive the treasures of the whole earth. In the
+thought that this bird is a marvel, and the treasure of the whole
+earth, I bring it to lay at thy feet, and desire to behold thee.&rdquo;
+(<span>17</span>) Thou, 0 king, hast heard her message, and must
+decide!&rsquo; So saying, she ended her speech. The king, whose
+curiosity was aroused, looked at the chiefs around him, and with the
+words &lsquo;Why not? Bid her enter?&rsquo; gave his permission.</p>
+<p>Then the portress, immediately on the king&rsquo;s order, ushered in
+the Ca&#7751;&#7693;&#257;la maiden. And she entered and beheld the
+king in the midst of a thousand chiefs, like golden-peaked Meru in the
+midst of the noble mountains crouching together in fear of
+Indra&rsquo;s thunderbolt; or, in that the brightness of the jewels
+scattered on his dress almost concealed his form, like a day of storm,
+whereon the eight quarters of the globe are covered by Indra&rsquo;s
+thousand bows. He was sitting on a couch studded with moon-stones,
+beneath a small silken canopy, white as the foam of the rivers of
+heaven, with its four jewel-encrusted pillars joined by golden chains,
+and enwreathed with a rope of large pearls. Many cowries with golden
+handles waved around him; (<span>18</span>) his left foot rested on a
+footstool of crystal that was like the moon bent in humiliation before
+the flashing beauty of his countenance, and was adorned by the
+brightness of his feet, which yet were tinged with blue from the light
+rays of the sapphire pavement, as though darkened by the sighs of his
+conquered foes. His breast, crimsoned by the rubies which shone on his
+throne, recalled <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb7" href="#pb7" name=
+"pb7">7</a>]</span>K&#7771;ish&#7751;a, red with blood from the fresh
+slaughter of Madhukai&#7789;abha; his two silken garments, white as the
+foam of ambrosia, with pairs of ham&#803;sas painted in yellow on their
+hem, waved in the wind raised by the cowries; the fragrant sandal
+unguent with which his chest was whitened, besprinkled with saffron
+ointment, was like snowy Kail&#257;sa with the early sunshine upon it;
+his face was encircled by pearls like stars mistaking it for the moon;
+the sapphire bracelets that clasped his arms were as a threat of chains
+to bind fickle fortune, or as snakes attracted by the smell of
+sandal-wood; (<span>19</span>) the lotus in his ear hung down slightly;
+his nose was aquiline, his eyes were like lotuses in full blossom, the
+hair grew in a circle between his brows, and was purified by the waters
+that inaugurated his possession of universal rule; his forehead was
+like a piece of the eighth-day moon made into a block of pure gold,
+garlanded with sweet jasmine, like the Western Mountain in the dawn
+with the stars growing pale on its brow. He was like the God of Love
+when struck by &Ccedil;iva&rsquo;s fire, for his body was tawny from
+the colour of his ornaments. His hand-maidens surrounded him, as if
+they were the goddesses of the quarters of the globe come to worship
+him; the earth bore him, as on her heart, through loyalty, in the
+reflection of his image in her clear mosaic pavement; fortune seemed
+his alone, though by him she was given to all to enjoy.
+(<span>20</span>) He was without a second, though his followers were
+without number; he trusted only to his own sword, though he had
+countless elephants and horses in his retinue; he filled the whole
+earth, though he stood in a small space of ground; he rested only on
+his bow, and yet was seated on his throne; he shone with the flame of
+majesty, though all the fuel of his enemies was uprooted; he had large
+eyes, and yet saw the smallest things; he was the home of all virtues,
+and yet was overreaching;<a class="noteref" id="xd21e932src" href=
+"#xd21e932" name="xd21e932src">27</a> he was beloved of his wives, and
+yet was a despotic lord; he was free from intoxication, though he had
+an unfailing stream of bounty; he was fair in nature, yet in conduct a
+K&#7771;ish&#7751;a;<a class="noteref" id="xd21e942src" href=
+"#xd21e942" name="xd21e942src">28</a> he laid <span class=
+"pagenum">[<a id="pb8" href="#pb8" name="pb8">8</a>]</span>no heavy
+hand<a class="noteref" id="xd21e947src" href="#xd21e947" name=
+"xd21e947src">29</a> on his subjects, and yet the whole world rested in
+his grasp.</p>
+<p>Such was this king. And she yet afar beholding him, with a hand soft
+as the petal of a red lotus, and surrounded by a tinkling bracelet, and
+clasping the bamboo with its end jagged, (<span>21</span>) struck once
+on the mosaic floor to arouse the king; and at the sound, in a moment
+the whole assemblage of chiefs turned their eyes from the king to her,
+like a herd of wild elephants at the falling of the cocoanut. Then the
+king, with the words, &lsquo;Look yonder,&rsquo; to his suite, gazed
+steadily upon the Ca&#7751;&#7693;&#257;la maiden, as she was pointed
+out by the portress. Before her went a man, whose hair was hoary with
+age, whose eyes were the colour of the red lotus, whose joints, despite
+the loss of youth, were firm from incessant labour, whose form, though
+that of a M&#257;tanga, was not to be despised, and who wore the white
+raiment meet for a court. Behind her went a Ca&#7751;&#7693;&#257;la
+boy, with locks falling on either shoulder, bearing a cage, the bars of
+which, though of gold, shone like emerald from the reflection of the
+parrot&rsquo;s plumage. (<span>22</span>) She herself seemed by the
+darkness of her hue to imitate K&#7771;ish&#7751;a when he guilefully
+assumed a woman&rsquo;s attire to take away the am&#7771;ita seized by
+the demons. She was, as it were, a doll of sapphire walking alone; and
+over the blue garment, which reached to her ankle, there fell a veil of
+red silk, like evening sunshine falling on blue lotuses. The circle of
+her cheek was whitened by the earring that hung from one ear, like the
+face of night inlaid with the rays of the rising moon; she had a tawny
+tilaka of gorocan&#257;, as if it were a third eye, like Parvat&#299;
+in mountaineer&rsquo;s attire, after the fashion of the garb of
+&Ccedil;iva.</p>
+<p>She was like &Ccedil;r&#299;, darkened by the sapphire glory of
+N&#257;r&#257;ya&#7751;a reflected on the robe on her breast; or like
+Rati, stained by smoke which rose as Madana was burnt by the fire of
+wrathful &Ccedil;iva; or like Yamun&#257;, fleeing in fear of being
+drawn along by the ploughshare of wild Balar&#257;ma; <span class=
+"pagenum">[<a id="pb9" href="#pb9" name="pb9">9</a>]</span>or, from the
+rich lac that turned her lotus feet into budding shoots, like
+Durg&#257;, with her feet crimsoned by the blood of the Asura Mahisha
+she had just trampled upon.</p>
+<p>(<span>23</span>) Her nails were rosy from the pink glow of her
+fingers; the mosaic pavement seemed too hard for her touch, and she
+came forward, placing her feet like tender twigs upon the ground.</p>
+<p>The rays of her anklets, rising in flame-colour, seemed to encircle
+her as with the arms of Agni, as though, by his love for her beauty, he
+would purify the stain of her birth, and so set the Creator at
+naught.</p>
+<p>Her girdle was like the stars wreathed on the brow of the elephant
+of Love; and her necklace was a rope of large bright pearls, like the
+stream of Gang&#257; just tinged by Yamun&#257;.</p>
+<p>Like autumn, she opened her lotus eyes; like the rainy season, she
+had cloudy tresses; like the circle of the Malaya Hills, she was
+wreathed with sandal; (<span>24</span>) like the zodiac, she was decked
+with starry gems;<a class="noteref" id="xd21e978src" href="#xd21e978"
+name="xd21e978src">30</a> like &Ccedil;r&#299;, she had the fairness of
+a lotus in her hand; like a swoon, she entranced the heart; like a
+forest, she was endowed with living<a class="noteref" id="xd21e987src"
+href="#xd21e987" name="xd21e987src">31</a> beauty; like the child of a
+goddess, she was claimed by no tribe;<a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e990src" href="#xd21e990" name="xd21e990src">32</a> like sleep,
+she charmed the eyes; as a lotus-pool in a wood is troubled by
+elephants, so was she dimmed by her M&#257;tanga<a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e999src" href="#xd21e999" name="xd21e999src">33</a> birth; like a
+spirit, she might not be touched; like a letter, she gladdened the eyes
+alone; like the blossoms of spring, she lacked the j&#257;ti
+flower;<a class="noteref" id="xd21e1009src" href="#xd21e1009" name=
+"xd21e1009src">34</a> her slender waist, like the line of Love&rsquo;s
+bow, could be spanned by the hands; with her curly hair, she was like
+the Lakshm&#299; of the Yaksha king in Alaka.<a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e1015src" href="#xd21e1015" name="xd21e1015src">35</a> She had but
+reached the flower of her youth, and was beautiful exceedingly. And the
+king was amazed; and the thought arose in his mind, (<span>25</span>)
+&lsquo;Ill-placed was the labour of the Creator in producing this
+beauty! For if she has been created as <span class="pagenum">[<a id=
+"pb10" href="#pb10" name="pb10">10</a>]</span>though in mockery of her
+Ca&#7751;&#7693;&#257;la form, such that all the world&rsquo;s wealth
+of loveliness is laughed to scorn by her own, why was she born in a
+race with which none can mate? Surely by thought alone did
+Praj&#257;pati create her, fearing the penalties of contact with the
+M&#257;tanga race, else whence this unsullied radiance, a grace that
+belongs not to limbs sullied by touch? Moreover, though fair in form,
+by the baseness of her birth, whereby she, like a Lakshm&#299; of the
+lower world, is a perpetual reproach to the gods,<a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e1031src" href="#xd21e1031" name="xd21e1031src">36</a> she, lovely
+as she is, causes fear in Brahma, the maker of so strange a
+union.&rsquo; While the king was thus thinking the maiden, garlanded
+with flowers, that fell over her ears, bowed herself before him with a
+confidence beyond her years. And when she had made her reverence and
+stepped on to the mosaic floor, her attendant, taking the parrot, which
+had just entered the cage, advanced a few steps, and, showing it to the
+king, said: &lsquo;Sire, this parrot, by name Vai&ccedil;amp&#257;yana,
+knows the meaning of all the &ccedil;&#257;stras, is expert in the
+practice of royal policy, (<span>26</span>) skilled in tales, history,
+and Pur&#257;&#7751;as, and acquainted with songs and with musical
+intervals. He recites, and himself composes graceful and incomparable
+modern romances, love-stories, plays, and poems, and the like; he is
+versed in witticisms, and is an unrivalled disciple of the
+v&#299;n&#257;, flute, and drum. He is skilled in displaying the
+different movements of dancing, dextrous in painting, very bold in
+play, ready in resources to calm a maiden angered in a lover&rsquo;s
+quarrel, and familiar with the characteristics of elephants, horses,
+men, and women. He is the gem of the whole earth; and in the thought
+that treasures belong to thee, as pearls to the ocean, the daughter of
+my lord has brought him hither to thy feet, O king! Let him be accepted
+as thine.&rsquo;</p>
+<p>Having thus said, he laid the cage before the king and retired.
+(<span>27</span>) And when he was gone, the king of birds, standing
+before the king, and raising his right foot, having uttered the words,
+&lsquo;All hail!&rsquo; recited to the king, in a song <span class=
+"pagenum">[<a id="pb11" href="#pb11" name="pb11">11</a>]</span>perfect
+in the enunciation of each syllable and accent, a verse<a class=
+"noteref" id="xd21e1044src" href="#xd21e1044" name=
+"xd21e1044src">37</a> to this effect:</p>
+<div class="lgouter">
+<p class="line">&lsquo;The bosoms of your foemen&rsquo;s queens now
+mourn,</p>
+<p class="line">Keeping a fast of widowed solitude,</p>
+<p class="line">Bathed in salt tears, of pearl-wreaths all forlorn,</p>
+<p class="line">Scorched by their sad hearts&rsquo; too close
+neighbourhood.&rsquo;</p>
+</div>
+<p class="first">And the king, having heard it, was amazed, and
+joyfully addressed his minister Kum&#257;rap&#257;lita, who sat close
+to him on a costly golden throne, like B&#7771;ihaspati in his mastery
+of political philosophy, aged, of noble birth, first in the circle of
+wise councillors: &lsquo;Thou hast heard the bird&rsquo;s clear
+enunciation of consonants, and the sweetness of his intonation. This,
+in the first place, is a great marvel, that he should raise a song in
+which the syllables are clearly separated; and there is a combination
+of correctness with clearness in the vowels and <i>anun&#257;sikas</i>.
+(<span>28</span>) Then, again, we had something more than that: for in
+him, though a lower creation, are found the accomplishments, as it
+were, of a man, in a pleasurable art, and the course of his song is
+inspired by knowledge. For it was he who, with the cry, &ldquo;All
+hail!&rdquo; straightened his right foot and sang this song concerning
+me, whereas, generally, birds and beasts are only skilled in the
+science of fearing, eating, pairing, and sleeping. This is most
+wonderful.&rsquo; And when the king had said this,
+Kum&#257;rap&#257;lita, with a slight smile, replied: &lsquo;Where is
+the wonder? For all kinds of birds, beginning with the parrot and the
+maina, repeat a sound once heard, as thou, O king, knowest; so it is no
+wonder that exceeding skill is produced either by the efforts of men,
+or in consequence of perfection gained in a former birth. Moreover,
+they formerly possessed a voice like that of men, with clear utterance.
+The indistinct speech of parrots, as well as the change in
+elephants&rsquo; tongues, arose from a curse of Agni.&rsquo;</p>
+<p>Hardly had he thus spoken when there arose the blast of the mid-day
+conch, following the roar of the drum distinctly struck at the
+completion of the hour, and <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb12" href=
+"#pb12" name="pb12">12</a>]</span>announcing that the sun had reached
+the zenith. (<span>29</span>) And, hearing this, the king dismissed his
+band of chiefs, as the hour for bathing was at hand, and arose from his
+hall of audience.</p>
+<p>Then, as he started, the great chiefs thronged together as they
+rose, tearing their silk raiment with the leaf-work of their bracelets,
+as it fell from its place in the hurried movement. Their necklaces were
+swinging with the shock; the quarters of space were made tawny by
+showers of fragrant sandal-powder and saffron scattered from their
+limbs in their restlessness; the bees arose in swarms from their
+garlands of m&#257;lat&#299; flowers, all quivering; their cheeks were
+caressed by the lotuses in their ears, half hanging down; their strings
+of pearls were trembling on their bosoms&mdash;each longed in his
+self-consciousness to pay his respects to the king as he departed.</p>
+<p>The hall of audience was astir on all sides with the sound of the
+anklets of the cowrie bearers as they disappeared in all directions,
+bearing the cowries on their shoulders, their gems tinkling at every
+step, broken by the cry of the kalaham&#803;sas, eager to drink the
+lotus honey; (<span>30</span>) with the pleasant music of the jewelled
+girdles and wreaths of the dancing-girls coming to pay their respects
+as they struck their breast and sides; with the cries of the
+kalaham&#803;sas of the palace lake, which, charmed by the sound of the
+anklets, whitened the broad steps of the hall of audience; with the
+voices of the tame cranes, eager for the sound of the girdles,
+screaming more and more with a prolonged outcry, like the scratching of
+bell-metal; with the heavy tramp on the floor of the hall of audience
+struck by the feet of a hundred neighbouring chiefs suddenly departing,
+which seemed to shake the earth like a hurricane; with the cry of
+&lsquo;Look!&rsquo; from the wand-bearing ushers, who were driving the
+people in confusion before them, and shouting loudly, yet
+good-naturedly, &lsquo;Behold!&rsquo; long and shrill, resounding far
+by its echo in the bowers of the palace; (<span>31</span>) with the
+ringing of the pavement as it was scratched by the points of diadems
+with their projecting aigrettes, as the <span class="pagenum">[<a id=
+"pb13" href="#pb13" name="pb13">13</a>]</span>kings swiftly bent till
+their trembling crest-gems touched the ground; with the tinkling of the
+earrings as they rang on the hard mosaic in their owners&rsquo;
+obeisance; with the space-pervading din of the bards reciting
+auspicious verses, and coming forward with the pleasant continuous cry,
+&lsquo;Long life and victory to our king!&rsquo;; with the hum of the
+bees as they rose up leaving the flowers, by reason of the turmoil of
+the hundreds of departing feet; with the clash of the jewelled pillars
+on which the gems were set jangling from being struck by the points of
+the bracelets as the chieftains fell hastily prostrate in their
+confusion. The king then dismissed the assembled chiefs, saying,
+&lsquo;Rest awhile&rsquo;; and after saying to the
+Ca&#7751;&#7693;&#257;la maiden, &lsquo;Let Vai&ccedil;amp&#257;yana be
+taken into the inner apartments,&rsquo; and giving the order to his
+betel-nut bearer, he went, accompanied by a few favourite princes, to
+his private apartments. There, laying aside his adornments, like the
+sun divested of his rays, or the sky bare of moon and stars, he entered
+the hall of exercise, where all was duly prepared. Having taken
+pleasant exercise therein with the princes of his own age,
+(<span>32</span>) he then entered the bathing-place, which was covered
+with a white canopy, surrounded by the verses of many a bard. It had a
+gold bath, filled with scented water in its midst, with a crystal
+bathing-seat placed by it, and was adorned with pitchers placed on one
+side, full of most fragrant waters, having their mouths darkened by
+bees attracted by the odour, as if they were covered with blue cloths,
+from fear of the heat. (<span>33</span>) Then the hand-maidens, some
+darkened by the reflection of their emerald jars, like embodied lotuses
+with their leafy cups, some holding silver pitchers, like night with a
+stream of light shed by the full moon, duly besprinkled the king.
+(<span>34</span>) Straightway there arose a blare of the trumpets
+sounded for bathing, penetrating all the hollows of the universe,
+accompanied by the din of song, lute, flute, drum, cymbal, and tabor,
+resounding shrilly in diverse tones, mingled with the uproar of a
+multitude of bards, and cleaving the path of hearing. Then, in due
+order, the <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb14" href="#pb14" name=
+"pb14">14</a>]</span>king put upon him two white garments, light as a
+shed snake-skin, and wearing a turban, with an edge of fine silk, pure
+as a fleck of white cloud, like Him&#257;laya with the stream of the
+heavenly river falling upon it, he made his libation to the
+Pit&#7771;is with a handful of water, consecrated by a hymn, and then,
+prostrating himself before the sun, proceeded to the temple. When he
+had worshipped &Ccedil;iva, and made an offering to Agni,
+(<span>35</span>) his limbs were anointed in the perfuming-room with
+sandal-wood, sweetened with the fragrance of saffron, camphor, and
+musk, the scent of which was followed by murmuring bees; he put on a
+chaplet of scented m&#257;lat&#299; flowers, changed his garb, and,
+with no adornment save his jewelled earrings, he, together with the
+kings, for whom a fitting meal was prepared, broke his fast, with the
+pleasure that arises from the enjoyment of viands of sweet savour.
+Then, having drunk of a fragrant drug, rinsed his mouth, and taken his
+betel, he arose from his da&iuml;s, with its bright mosaic pavement.
+The portress, who was close by, hastened to him, and leaning on her
+arm, he went to the hall of audience, followed by the attendants worthy
+to enter the inner apartments, whose palms were like boughs, very hard
+from their firm grasp of their wands.</p>
+<p>The hall showed as though walled with crystal by reason of the white
+silk that draped its ends; the jewelled floor was watered to coolness
+with sandal-water, to which was added very fragrant musk; the pure
+mosaic was ceaselessly strewn with masses of blossoms, as the sky with
+its bevy of stars; (<span>36</span>) many a golden pillar shone forth,
+purified with scented water, and decked with countless images, as
+though with the household gods in their niches; aloe spread its
+fragrance richly; the whole was dominated by an alcove, which held a
+couch white as a cloud after storm, with a flower-scented covering, a
+pillow of fine linen at the head, castors encrusted with gems, and a
+jewelled footstool by its side, like the peak of Him&#257;laya to
+behold.</p>
+<p>Reclining on this couch, while a maiden, seated on the ground,
+having placed in her bosom the dagger she was <span class=
+"pagenum">[<a id="pb15" href="#pb15" name="pb15">15</a>]</span>wont to
+bear, gently rubbed his feet with a palm soft as the leaves of fresh
+lotuses, the king rested for a short time, and held converse on many a
+theme with the kings, ministers, and friends whose presence was meet
+for that hour.</p>
+<p>He then bade the portress, who was at hand, to fetch
+Vai&ccedil;amp&#257;yana from the women&rsquo;s apartments, for he had
+become curious to learn his story. And she, bending hand and knee to
+the ground, with the words &lsquo;Thy will shall be done!&rsquo; taking
+the command on her head, fulfilled his bidding. (<span>37</span>) Soon
+Vai&ccedil;amp&#257;yana approached the king, having his cage
+<span class="corr" id="xd21e1116" title="Source: born">borne</span> by
+the portress, under the escort of a herald, leaning on a gold staff,
+slightly bent, white robed, wearing a top-knot silvered with age, slow
+in gait, and tremulous in speech, like an aged flamingo in his love for
+the race of birds, who, placing his palm on the ground, thus delivered
+his message: &lsquo;Sire, the queens send thee word that by thy command
+this Vai&ccedil;amp&#257;yana has been bathed and fed, and is now
+brought by the portress to thy feet.&rsquo; Thus speaking, he retired,
+and the king asked Vai&ccedil;amp&#257;yana: &lsquo;Hast thou in the
+interval eaten food sufficient and to thy taste?&rsquo;
+&lsquo;Sire,&rsquo; replied he, &lsquo;what have I not eaten? I have
+drunk my fill of the juice of the jamb&#363; fruit, aromatically sweet,
+pink and blue as a cuckoo&rsquo;s eye in the gladness of spring; I have
+cracked the pomegranate seeds, bright as pearls wet with blood, which
+lions&rsquo; claws have torn from the frontal bones of elephants. I
+have torn at my will old myrobalans, green as lotus leaves, and sweet
+as grapes. (<span>38</span>) But what need of further words? For
+everything brought by the queens with their own hands turns to
+ambrosia.&rsquo; And the king, rebuking his talk, said: &lsquo;Let all
+this cease for a while, and do thou remove our curiosity. Tell us from
+the very beginning the whole history of thy birth&mdash;in what
+country, and how wert thou born, and by whom was thy name given? Who
+were thy father and mother? How came thine attainment of the Vedas, and
+thine acquaintance with the &Ccedil;&#257;stras, and thy skill in the
+fine arts? What caused thy remembrance of a <span class=
+"pagenum">[<a id="pb16" href="#pb16" name="pb16">16</a>]</span>former
+birth? Was it a special boon given thee? Or dost thou dwell in
+disguise, wearing the form only of a bird, and where didst thou
+formerly dwell? How old art thou, and how came this bondage of a cage,
+and the falling into the hands of a Ca&#7751;&#7693;&#257;la maiden,
+and thy coming hither?&rsquo; Thus respectfully questioned by the king,
+whose curiosity was kindled, Vai&ccedil;amp&#257;yana thought a moment,
+and reverently replied, &lsquo;Sire, the tale is long; but if it is thy
+pleasure, let it be heard.&rsquo;</p>
+<hr class="tb">
+<p>&lsquo;There is a forest, by name Vindhya, that embraces the shores
+of the eastern and western ocean, and decks the central region as
+though it were the earth&rsquo;s zone. (<span>39</span>) It is
+beauteous with trees watered with the ichor of wild elephants, and
+bearing on their crests masses of white blossom that rise to the sky
+and vie with the stars; in it the pepper-trees, bitten by ospreys in
+their spring gladness, spread their boughs; tam&#257;la branches
+trampled by young elephants fill it with fragrance; shoots in hue like
+the wine-flushed cheeks of Malab&#257;r&#299;s, as though roseate with
+lac from the feet of wandering wood-nymphs, overshadow it. Bowers there
+are, too, wet with drippings from parrot-pierced pomegranates; bowers
+in which the ground is covered with torn fruit and leaves shaken down
+by restless monkeys from the kakkola trees, or sprinkled with pollen
+from ever-falling blossoms, or strewn with couches of clove-branches by
+travellers, or hemmed in by fine cocoanuts, ketak&#299;s, kar&#299;ras,
+and bakulas; bowers so fair that with their areca trees girt about with
+betel vines, they make a fitting home for a woodland Lakshm&#299;.
+Thickly growing &#275;l&#257;s make the wood dark and fragrant, as with
+the ichor of wild elephants; (<span>40</span>) hundreds of lions, who
+meet their death from barbaric leaders eager to seize the pearls of the
+elephants&rsquo; frontal-bones still clinging to their mouth and claws,
+roam therein; it is fearful as the haunt of death, like the citadel of
+Yama, and filled with the buffaloes dear to him; like an army ready for
+battle, it has bees resting on its arrow-trees, as the points on
+arrows, and the roar of <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb17" href=
+"#pb17" name="pb17">17</a>]</span>the lion is clear as the lion-cry of
+onset; it has rhinoceros tusks dreadful as the dagger of Durg&#257;,
+and like her is adorned with red sandal-wood; like the story of
+Kar&#7751;&#299;suta, it has its Vipula, Acala and &Ccedil;a&ccedil;a
+in the wide mountains haunted by hares,<a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e1136src" href="#xd21e1136" name="xd21e1136src">38</a> that lie
+near it; as the twilight of the last eve of an aeon has the frantic
+dance of blue-necked &Ccedil;iva, so has it the dances of blue-necked
+peacocks, and bursts into crimson; as the time of churning the ocean
+had the glory of &Ccedil;r&#299; and the tree which grants all desires,
+and was surrounded by sweet draughts of V&#257;ru&#7751;a,<a class=
+"noteref" id="n41.2src" href="#n41.2" name="n41.2src">39</a> so is it
+adorned by &Ccedil;r&#299; trees and Varu&#7751;a<a class=
+"pseudonoteref" href="#n41.2">39</a> trees. It is densely dark, as the
+rainy season with clouds, and decked with pools in countless
+hundreds;<a class="noteref" id="xd21e1151src" href="#xd21e1151" name=
+"xd21e1151src">40</a> like the moon, it is always the haunt of the
+bears, and is the home of the deer.<a class="noteref" id="xd21e1154src"
+href="#xd21e1154" name="xd21e1154src">41</a> (<span>41</span>) Like a
+king&rsquo;s palace, it is adorned by the tails of cowrie
+deer,<a class="noteref" id="xd21e1160src" href="#xd21e1160" name=
+"xd21e1160src">42</a> and protected by troops of fierce elephants. Like
+Durg&#257;, it is strong of nature,<a class="noteref" id="xd21e1169src"
+href="#xd21e1169" name="xd21e1169src">43</a> and haunted by the lion.
+Like S&#299;t&#257;, it has its Ku&ccedil;a, and is held by the
+wanderer of night.<a class="noteref" id="xd21e1179src" href=
+"#xd21e1179" name="xd21e1179src">44</a> Like a maiden in love, it wears
+the scent of sandal and musk, and is adorned with a <i>tilaka</i> of
+bright aloes;<a class="noteref" id="xd21e1202src" href="#xd21e1202"
+name="xd21e1202src">45</a> like a lady in her lover&rsquo;s absence, it
+is fanned with the wind of many a bough, and possessed of
+Madana;<a class="noteref" id="xd21e1211src" href="#xd21e1211" name=
+"xd21e1211src">46</a> like a child&rsquo;s neck, it is bright with rows
+of tiger&rsquo;s-claws,<a class="noteref" id="xd21e1220src" href=
+"#xd21e1220" name="xd21e1220src">47</a> and adorned with a
+rhinoceros;<a class="noteref" id="xd21e1223src" href="#xd21e1223" name=
+"xd21e1223src">48</a> like a hall of revelry with its honeyed draughts,
+it has hundreds of beehives<a class="noteref" id="xd21e1227src" href=
+"#xd21e1227" name="xd21e1227src">49</a> visible, and is strewn with
+flowers. In parts it has a circle of earth torn up by the tusks of
+large boars, like the end of the world when the circle of the earth was
+lifted up by the tusks of Mah&#257;var&#257;ha; <span class=
+"pagenum">[<a id="pb18" href="#pb18" name="pb18">18</a>]</span>here,
+like the city of R&#257;va&#7751;a, it is filled with lofty
+&ccedil;&#257;las<a class="noteref" id="xd21e1232src" href="#xd21e1232"
+name="xd21e1232src">50</a> inhabited by restless monkeys;
+(<span>42</span>) here it is, like the scene of a recent wedding,
+bright with fresh ku&ccedil;a grass, fuel, flowers, acacia, and
+pal&#257;&ccedil;a; here, it seems to bristle in terror at the
+lions&rsquo; roar; here, it is vocal with cuckoos wild for joy; here it
+is, as if in excitement, resonant with the sound of palms<a class=
+"noteref" id="xd21e1244src" href="#xd21e1244" name=
+"xd21e1244src">51</a> in the strong wind; here, it drops its
+palm-leaves like a widow giving up her earrings; here, like a field of
+battle, it is filled with arrowy reeds;<a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e1253src" href="#xd21e1253" name="xd21e1253src">52</a> here, like
+Indra&rsquo;s body, it has a thousand <i>netras</i>;<a class="noteref"
+id="xd21e1266src" href="#xd21e1266" name="xd21e1266src">53</a> here,
+like Vish&#7751;u&rsquo;s form, it has the darkness of
+tam&#257;las;<a class="noteref" id="xd21e1275src" href="#xd21e1275"
+name="xd21e1275src">54</a> here, like the banner of Arjuna&rsquo;s
+chariot, it is blazoned with monkeys; here, like the court of an
+earthly king, it is hard of access, through the bamboos; here, like the
+city of King Vir&#257;&#7789;a, it is guarded by a
+K&#299;caka;<a class="noteref" id="xd21e1284src" href="#xd21e1284"
+name="xd21e1284src">55</a> here, like the Lakshm&#299; of the sky, it
+has the tremulous eyes of its deer pursued by the hunter;<a class=
+"noteref" id="xd21e1290src" href="#xd21e1290" name=
+"xd21e1290src">56</a> here, like an ascetic, it has bark, bushes, and
+ragged strips and grass.<a class="noteref" id="xd21e1293src" href=
+"#xd21e1293" name="xd21e1293src">57</a> (<span>43</span>) Though
+adorned with Saptapar&#7751;a,<a class="noteref" id="xd21e1300src"
+href="#xd21e1300" name="xd21e1300src">58</a> it yet possesses leaves
+innumerable; though honoured by ascetics, it is yet very
+savage;<a class="noteref" id="xd21e1309src" href="#xd21e1309" name=
+"xd21e1309src">59</a> though in its season of blossom, it is yet most
+pure.</p>
+<p>&lsquo;In that forest there is a hermitage, famed throughout the
+world&mdash;a very birthplace of Dharma. It is adorned with trees
+tended by Lop&#257;mudr&#257; as her own children, fed with water
+sprinkled by her own hands, and trenched round by herself. She was the
+wife of the great ascetic Agastya; he it was who at the prayer of Indra
+drank up the waters of ocean, and who, when the Vindhya mountains, by a
+thousand wide peaks stretching to the sky in <span class=
+"pagenum">[<a id="pb19" href="#pb19" name="pb19">19</a>]</span>rivalry
+of Meru, were striving to stop the course of the sun&rsquo;s chariot,
+and were despising the prayers of all the gods, yet had his commands
+obeyed by them; who digested the demon V&#257;t&#257;pi by his inward
+fire; who had the dust of his feet kissed by the tips of the gold
+ornaments on the crests of gods and demons; who adorned the brow of the
+Southern Region; and who manifested his majesty by casting Nahusha down
+from heaven by the mere force of his murmur.</p>
+<p>(<span>44</span>) &lsquo;The hermitage is also hallowed by
+Lop&#257;mudr&#257;&rsquo;s son D&#7771;i&#7693;hadasyu, an ascetic,
+bearing his staff of pal&#257;&ccedil;a,<a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e1327src" href="#xd21e1327" name="xd21e1327src">60</a> wearing a
+sectarial mark made of purifying ashes, clothed in strips of
+ku&ccedil;a grass, girt with mu&ntilde;ja, holding a cup of green
+leaves in his roaming from hut to hut to ask alms. From the large
+supply of fuel he brought, he was surnamed by his father
+Fuelbearer.</p>
+<p>&lsquo;The place is also darkened in many a spot by green parrots
+and by plantain groves, and is girt by the river God&#257;ver&#299;,
+which, like a dutiful wife, followed the path of the ocean when drunk
+by Agastya.</p>
+<p>&lsquo;There, too, R&#257;ma, when he gave up his kingdom to keep
+his father&rsquo;s promise, dwelt happily for some time at
+Pa&ntilde;cava&#7789;&#299; with S&#299;t&#257;, following the great
+ascetic Agastya, living in a pleasant hut made by Lakshma&#7751;a, even
+R&#257;ma, the vexer of the triumphs of R&#257;va&#7751;a&rsquo;s
+glory.<a class="noteref" id="xd21e1335src" href="#xd21e1335" name=
+"xd21e1335src">61</a></p>
+<p>&lsquo;There, even now, the trees, though the hermitage has long
+been empty, show, as it were, in the lines of white doves softly
+nestling in the boughs, the hermits&rsquo; pure lines of sacrificial
+smoke clinging to them; and there a glow bursts forth on the shoots of
+creepers, as if it had passed to them from S&#299;t&#257;&rsquo;s hand
+as she offered flowers of oblation; (<span>45</span>) there the water
+of ocean drunk and sent forth by the ascetic seems to have been wholly
+distributed among the great lakes round the hermitage; there the wood,
+with its fresh foliage, shines as if its roots had been <span class=
+"pagenum">[<a id="pb20" href="#pb20" name="pb20">20</a>]</span>watered
+with the blood of countless hosts of demons struck down by
+R&#257;ma&rsquo;s many keen shafts, and as if now its
+pala&#257;&ccedil;as were stained with their crimson hue; there, even
+yet, the old deer nurtured by S&#299;t&#257;, when they hear the deep
+roar of fresh clouds in the rainy season, think on the twang of
+R&#257;ma&rsquo;s bow penetrating all the hollows of the universe, and
+refuse their mouthfuls of fresh grass, while their eyes are dimmed by
+ceaseless tears, as they see a deserted world, and their own horns
+crumbling from age; there, too, the golden deer, as if it had been
+incited by the rest of the forest deer slain in the ceaseless chase,
+deceived S&#299;t&#257;, and led the son of Raghu far astray; there,
+too, in their grief for the bitter loss of S&#299;t&#257;, R&#257;ma
+and Lakshma&#7751;a seized by Kabandha, like an eclipse of sun and moon
+heralding the death of R&#257;va&#7751;a, filled the universe with a
+mighty dread; (<span>46</span>) there, too, the arm of Yojanab&#257;hu,
+struck off by R&#257;ma&rsquo;s arrow, caused fear in the saints as it
+lay on the ground, lest it should be the serpent form of Nahusha,
+brought back by Agastya&rsquo;s curse; there, even now, foresters
+behold S&#299;t&#257; painted inside the hut by her husband to solace
+his bereavement, as if she were again rising from the ground in her
+longing to see her husband&rsquo;s home.</p>
+<p>&lsquo;Not far from that hermitage of Agastya, of which the ancient
+history is yet clearly to be seen, is a lotus lake called Pamp&#257;.
+It stands near that hermitage, as if it were a second ocean made by the
+Creator in rivalry with Agastya, at the prompting of Varu&#7751;a,
+wrathful at the drinking of ocean; it is like the sky fallen on earth
+to bind together the fragments of the eight quarters when severed in
+the day of doom.<a class="noteref" id="xd21e1356src" href="#xd21e1356"
+name="xd21e1356src">62</a> (<span>48</span>) It is, indeed, a peerless
+home of waters, and its depth and extent none can tell. There, even
+now, the wanderer may see pairs of cakrav&#257;kas, with their wings
+turned to blue by the gleam of the blossoming lotuses, as if they were
+swallowed up by the impersonate curse of R&#257;ma.</p>
+<p>&lsquo;On the left bank of that lake, and near a clump of palms
+<span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb21" href="#pb21" name=
+"pb21">21</a>]</span>broken by R&#257;ma&rsquo;s arrows, was a large
+old &ccedil;&#257;lmal&#299; tree.<a class="noteref" id="xd21e1366src"
+href="#xd21e1366" name="xd21e1366src">63</a> It shows as though it were
+enclosed in a large trench, because its roots are always encircled by
+an old snake, like the trunk of the elephants of the quarters;
+(<span>49</span>) it seems to be mantled with the slough of serpents,
+which hangs on its lofty trunk and waves in the wind; it strives to
+compass the measurement of the circle of space by its many boughs
+spreading through the firmament, and so to imitate &Ccedil;iva, whose
+thousand arms are outstretched in his wild dance at the day of doom,
+and who wears the moon on his crest. Through its weight of years, it
+clings for support even to the shoulder of the wind; it is girt with
+creepers that cover its whole trunk, and stand out like the thick veins
+of old age. Thorns have gathered on its surface like the moles of old
+age; not even the thick clouds by which its foliage is bedewed can
+behold its top, when, after drinking the waters of ocean, they return
+from all sides to the sky, and pause for a moment, weary with their
+load of water, like birds amongst its boughs. From its great height, it
+seems to be on tiptoe to look<a class="noteref" id="xd21e1374src" href=
+"#xd21e1374" name="xd21e1374src">64</a> at the glory of the
+Nandana<a class="noteref" id="xd21e1377src" href="#xd21e1377" name=
+"xd21e1377src">65</a> Wood; its topmost branches are whitened by
+cotton, which men might mistake for foam dropped from the corners of
+their mouths by the sun&rsquo;s steeds as, beset with weariness of
+their path through the sky, they come near it in their course overhead;
+(<span>50</span>) it has a root that will last for an aeon, for, with
+the garland of drunken bees sticking to the ichor which clings to it
+where the cheeks of woodland elephants are rubbed against it, it seems
+to be held motionless by iron chains; it seems alive with swarms of
+bees, flashing in and out of its hollow trunk. It beholds the alighting
+of the wings of birds, as Duryodhana receives proofs of
+&Ccedil;akuni&rsquo;s<a class="noteref" id="xd21e1384src" href=
+"#xd21e1384" name="xd21e1384src">66</a> partizanship; like
+K&#7771;ish&#7751;a, it is encircled by a woodland chaplet;<a class=
+"noteref" id="xd21e1395src" href="#xd21e1395" name=
+"xd21e1395src">67</a> like a mass of fresh clouds its rising is seen in
+the sky. It is a temple whence woodland <span class="pagenum">[<a id=
+"pb22" href="#pb22" name="pb22">22</a>]</span>goddesses can look out
+upon the whole world. It is the king of the Da&#7751;&#7693;aka Wood,
+the leader of the lordly trees, the friend of the Vindhya Mountains,
+and it seems to embrace with the arms of its boughs the whole Vindhya
+Forest. There, on the edge of the boughs, in the centre of the
+crevices, amongst the twigs, in the joints of the trunks, in the holes
+of the rotten bark, flocks of parrots have taken their abode. From its
+spaciousness, they have confidently built in it their thousand nests;
+from its steepness, they have come to it fearlessly from every quarter.
+Though its leaves are thin with age, this lord of the forest still
+looks green with dense foliage, as they rest upon it day and night.
+(<span>51</span>) In it they spend the nights in their own nests, and
+daily, as they rise, they form lines in the sky; they show in heaven
+like Yamun&#257; with her wide streams scattered by the tossing of
+Bala&rsquo;s ploughshare in his passion; they suggest a lotus-bed of
+the heavenly Ganges flowing away, uprooted by the elephant of heaven;
+they show forth a sky streaked, as it were, with the brightness of the
+steeds of the sun&rsquo;s chariot; they wear the semblance of a moving
+floor of emerald; they stretch out in the lake of heaven like long
+twines of Vallisneria; they fan the faces of the quarters wearied with
+the mass of the sun&rsquo;s keen rays, with their wings spread against
+the sky like plantain leaves; they form a grassy path stretching
+through the heaven, and as they roam they grace the firmament with a
+rainbow. After their meal they return to the young birds which stay in
+the nest, and give them, from beaks pink as tiger&rsquo;s claws
+reddened with the blood of slain deer, the juice of fruits and many a
+dainty morsel of rice-clusters, for by their deep love to their
+children all their other likings are subdued; (<span>52</span>) then
+they spend the night in this same tree with their young under their
+wings.</p>
+<p>&lsquo;Now my father, who by reason of his great age barely dragged
+on his life, dwelt with my mother in a certain old hollow, and to him I
+was, by the decree of Fate, born as his only son. My mother, overcome
+by the pains of child-birth when I was born, went to another world,
+and, in <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb23" href="#pb23" name=
+"pb23">23</a>]</span>spite of his grief for the death of his loved
+wife, my father, from love to his child, checked the keen onrush of his
+sorrow, and devoted himself in his loneliness wholly to my nurture.
+From his great age, the wide wings he raised had lost their power of
+flight, and hung loose from his shoulders, so that when he shook them
+he seemed to be trying to shake off the painful old age that clung to
+his body, while his few remaining tail feathers were broken like a
+tatter of ku&ccedil;a grass; and yet, though he was unable to wander
+far, he gathered up bits of fruit torn down by parrots and fallen at
+the foot of the tree, and picked up grains of rice from rice-stalks
+that had fallen from other nests, with a beak the point of which was
+broken and the edge worn away and rubbed by breaking rice-clusters, and
+pink as the stalk of the seph&#257;lik&#257; flower when still hard,
+and he daily made his own meal on what I left.</p>
+<p>(<span>53</span>) &lsquo;But one day I heard a sound of the tumult
+of the chase. The moon, reddened by the glow of dawn, was descending to
+the shore of the Western Ocean, from the island of the heavenly Ganges,
+like an old ham&#803;sa with its wings reddened by the honey of the
+heavenly lotus-bed; the circle of space was widening, and was white as
+the hair of a ranku deer; the throng of stars, like flowers strewn on
+the pavement of heaven, were being cast away by the sun&rsquo;s long
+rays, as if they were brooms of rubies, for they were red as a
+lion&rsquo;s mane dyed in elephant&rsquo;s blood, or pink as sticks of
+burning lac; the cluster of the Seven Sages was, as it were, descending
+the bank of the M&#257;nasa Lake, and rested on the northern quarter to
+worship the dawn; the Western Ocean was lifting a mass of pearls,
+scattered from open shells on its shore, as though the stars, melted by
+the sun&rsquo;s rays, had fallen on it, whitening the surface of its
+alluvial islands. The wood was dropping dew; its peacocks were awake;
+its lions were yawning; (<span>54</span>) its wild elephants were
+wakened by herds of she-elephants, and it, with its boughs raised like
+reverential hands, sent up towards the sun, as he rested on the peak of
+the Eastern Mountain, a mass of flowers, the filaments of which were
+heavy with <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb24" href="#pb24" name=
+"pb24">24</a>]</span>the night dews. The lines of sacrificial smoke
+from the hermitages, gray as the hair of an ass, were gleaming like
+banners of holiness, and rested like doves on the tree-tops whereon the
+wood-nymphs dwelt. The morning breeze was blowing, and roamed softly,
+for it was weary at the end of night; it gladdened swarms of bees by
+the flowers&rsquo; perfume; it rained showers of honey dew from the
+opened lotuses; it was eager to teach the dancing creepers with their
+waving boughs; it carried drops of foam from the rumination of woodland
+buffaloes; it removed the perspiration of the weary mountaineers; it
+shook the lotuses, and bore with it the dewdrops. The bees, who ought
+to be the drums on the elephant&rsquo;s frontal-bones to recite
+auspicious songs for the wakening of the day lotus-groves, now sent up
+their hum from the hearts of the night-lotuses, as their wings were
+clogged in the closing petals; (<span>55</span>) the deer of the wood
+had the markings on their breast, gray with resting on the salt ground,
+and slowly opened eyes, the pupils of which were still squinting with
+the remains of sleep, and were caught by the cool morning breeze as if
+their eyelashes were held together by heated lac; foresters were
+hastening hither and thither; the din of the kalaham&#803;sas on the
+Pamp&#257; Lake, sweet to the ear, was now beginning; the pleasant
+flapping of the wild elephant&rsquo;s ears breaking forth caused the
+peacocks to dance; in time the sun himself slowly arose, and wandered
+among the tree-tops round the Pamp&#257; Lake, and haunted the mountain
+peaks, with rays of madder, like a mass of cowries bending downwards
+from the sun&rsquo;s elephant as he plunges into the sky; the fresh
+light sprung from the sun banished the stars, falling on the wood like
+the monkey king who had again lost T&#257;r&#257;;<a class="noteref"
+id="xd21e1426src" href="#xd21e1426" name="xd21e1426src">68</a> the
+morning twilight became visible quickly, occupying the eighth part of
+the day, and the sun&rsquo;s light became clear.</p>
+<p>&lsquo;The troops of parrots had all started to the places they
+desired; that tree seemed empty by reason of the great <span class=
+"pagenum">[<a id="pb25" href="#pb25" name=
+"pb25">25</a>]</span>stillness, though it had all the young parrots
+resting quietly in their nests. (<span>56</span>) My father was still
+in his own nest, and I, as from my youth my wings were hardly fledged
+and had no strength, was close to him in the hollow, when I suddenly
+heard in that forest the sound of the tumult of the chase. It terrified
+every woodland creature; it was drawn out by a sound of birds&rsquo;
+wings flying hastily up; it was mingled with cries from the frightened
+young elephants; it was increased by the hum of drunken bees, disturbed
+on the shaken creepers; it was loud with the noise of wild boars
+roaming with raised snouts; it was swollen by the roar of lions wakened
+from their sleep in mountain caves; it seemed to shake the trees, and
+was great as the noise of the torrents of Ganges, when brought down by
+Bhag&#299;ratha; and the woodland nymphs listened to it in terror.</p>
+<p>&lsquo;When I heard this strange sound I began to tremble in my
+childishness; the cavity of my ear was almost broken; I shook for fear,
+and thinking that my father, who was close by, could help me, I crept
+within his wings, loosened as they were by age.</p>
+<p>&lsquo;Straightway I heard an outcry of &ldquo;Hence comes the scent
+of the lotus beds the leaders of the elephants have trampled! Hence the
+perfume of rushes the boars have chewed! Hence the keen fragrance of
+gum-olibanum the young elephants have divided! Hence the rustling of
+dry leaves shaken down! (<span>57</span>) Hence the dust of antheaps
+that the horns of wild buffaloes have cleft like thunderbolts! Hence
+came a herd of deer! Hence a troop of wild elephants! Hence a band of
+wild boars! Hence a multitude of wild buffaloes! Hence the shriek of a
+circle of peacocks! Hence the murmur of partridges! Hence the cry of
+ospreys! Hence the groan of elephants with their frontal bones torn by
+lion&rsquo;s claws! This is a boar&rsquo;s path stained with fresh mud!
+This a mass of foam from the rumination of deer, darkened by the juice
+of mouthfuls of grass just eaten! This the hum of bees garrulous as
+they cling to the scent left by the rubbing of elephants&rsquo;
+foreheads with <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb26" href="#pb26" name=
+"pb26">26</a>]</span>ichor flowing! That the path of the ruru deer pink
+with withered leaves bedewed with blood that has been shed. That is a
+mass of shoots on the trees crushed by the feet of elephants! Those are
+the gambols of rhinoceroses; that is the lion&rsquo;s track jagged with
+pieces of the elephant&rsquo;s pearls, pink with blood, and engraved
+with a monstrous device by their claws; that is the earth crimsoned
+with the blood of the newly born offspring of the does; that is the
+path, like a widow&rsquo;s braid, darkened with the ichor of the lord
+of the herd wandering at his will! Follow this row of yaks straight
+before us! Quickly occupy this part of the wood where the dung of the
+deer is dried! (<span>58</span>) Climb the tree-top! Look out in this
+direction! Listen to this sound! Take the bow! Stand in your places!
+Let slip the hounds!&rdquo; The wood trembled at the tumult of the
+hosts of men intent on the chase shouting to each other and concealed
+in the hollows of the trees.</p>
+<p>&lsquo;Then that wood was soon shaken on all sides by the roar of
+lions struck by the &Ccedil;abaras&rsquo; arrows, deepened by its echo
+rebounding from the hollows of the mountains, and strong as the sound
+of a drum newly oiled; by the roar from the throats of the elephants
+that led the herd, like the growl of thunder, and mixed with the
+ceaseless lashing of their trunks, as they came on alone, separated
+from the frightened herd; by the piteous cry of the deer, with their
+tremulous, terrified eyes, when the hounds suddenly tore their limbs;
+by the yell of she-elephants lengthening in grief for the death of
+their lord and leader, as they wandered every way with ears raised,
+ever pausing to listen to the din, bereft of their slain leaders and
+followed by their young; (<span>59</span>) by the bellowing of
+she-rhinoceroses seeking with outstretched necks their young, only born
+a few days before, and now lost in the panic; by the outcry of birds
+flying from the tree-tops, and wandering in confusion; by the tramp of
+herds of deer with all the haste of limbs made for speed, seeming to
+make the earth quake as it was struck simultaneously by their hurrying
+feet; by the twang of bows drawn to the ear, mingled, as they rained
+their arrows, <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb27" href="#pb27" name=
+"pb27">27</a>]</span>with the cry from the throats of the loving
+she-ospreys; by the clash of swords with their blades whizzing against
+the wind and falling on the strong shoulders of buffaloes; and by the
+baying of the hounds which, as it was suddenly sent forth, penetrated
+all the recesses of the wood.</p>
+<p>&lsquo;When soon afterwards the noise of the chase was stilled and
+the wood had become quiet, like the ocean when its water was stilled by
+the ceasing of the churning, or like a mass of clouds silent after the
+rainy season, I felt less of fear and became curious, and so, moving a
+little from my father&rsquo;s embrace, (<span>60</span>) I stood in the
+hollow, stretched out my neck, and with eyes that, from my
+childishness, were yet tremulous with fear, in my eagerness to see what
+this thing was, I cast my glance in that direction.</p>
+<p>&lsquo;Before me I saw the &Ccedil;abara<a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e1471src" href="#xd21e1471" name="xd21e1471src">69</a> army come
+out from the wood like the stream of Narmad&#257; tossed by
+Arjuna&rsquo;s<a class="noteref" id="xd21e1474src" href="#xd21e1474"
+name="xd21e1474src">70</a> thousand arms; like a wood of tam&#257;las
+stirred by the wind; like all the nights of the dark fortnight rolled
+into one; like a solid pillar of antimony shaken by an earthquake; like
+a grove of darkness disturbed by sunbeams; like the followers of death
+roaming; like the demon world that had burst open hell and risen up;
+like a crowd of evil deeds come together; like a caravan of curses of
+the many hermits dwelling in the Da&#7751;&#7693;aka Forest; like all
+the hosts of D&#363;sha&#7751;a<a class="noteref" id="xd21e1480src"
+href="#xd21e1480" name="xd21e1480src">71</a> and Khara struck by
+R&#257;ma as he rained his ceaseless shafts, and they turned into
+demons for their hatred to him; like the whole confraternity of the
+Iron Age come together; like a band of buffaloes prepared for a plunge
+into the water; like a mass of black clouds broken by a blow from a
+lion&rsquo;s paw as he stands on the mountain peak;<a class="noteref"
+id="xd21e1483src" href="#xd21e1483" name="xd21e1483src">72</a> like a
+throng of meteors risen for the destruction of all form; it darkened
+the wood; it numbered many thousands; it <span class="pagenum">[<a id=
+"pb28" href="#pb28" name="pb28">28</a>]</span>inspired great dread; it
+was like a multitude of demons portending disasters.</p>
+<p>(<span>61</span>) &lsquo;And in the midst of that great host of
+&Ccedil;abaras I beheld the &Ccedil;abara leader, M&#257;tanga by name.
+He was yet in early youth; from his great hardness he seemed made of
+iron; he was like Ekalavya<a class="noteref" id="xd21e1495src" href=
+"#xd21e1495" name="xd21e1495src">73</a> in another birth; from his
+growing beard, he was like a young royal elephant with its temples
+encircled by its first line of ichor; he filled the wood with beauty
+that streamed from him sombre as dark lotuses, like the waters of
+Yamun&#257;; he had thick locks curled at the ends and hanging on his
+shoulders, like a lion with its mane stained by elephant&rsquo;s ichor;
+his brow was broad; his nose was stern and aquiline; his left side
+shone reddened by the faint pink rays of a jewelled snake&rsquo;s hood
+that was made the ornament for one of his ears, like the glow of shoots
+that had clung to him from his resting on a leafy couch; he was
+perfumed with fragrant ichor, bearing the scent of saptacchada blossoms
+torn from the cheeks of an elephant freshly slain, like a stain of
+black aloes; (<span>62</span>) he had the heat warded off by a swarm of
+bees, like a peacock-feather parasol, flying about blinded by the
+scent, as if they were a branch of tam&#257;la; he was marked with
+lines of perspiration on his cheek rubbed by his hand, as if Vindhya
+Forest, being conquered by his strong arm, were timidly offering homage
+under the guise of its slender waving twigs, and he seemed to tinge
+space by his eye somewhat pink, as if it were bloodshot, and shedding a
+twilight of the night of doom for the deer; he had mighty arms reaching
+to his knees, as if the measure of an elephant&rsquo;s trunk had been
+taken in making them, and his shoulders were rough with scars from keen
+weapons often used to make an offering of blood to K&#257;l&#299;; the
+space round his eyes was bright and broad as the Vindhya Mountain, and
+with the drops of dried deer&rsquo;s blood clinging on it, and the
+marking of drops of perspiration, as if they were adorned by large
+pearls from an elephant&rsquo;s frontal bone mixed with gu&ntilde;ja
+fruit; his chest was scarred by constant and ceaseless <span class=
+"pagenum">[<a id="pb29" href="#pb29" name="pb29">29</a>]</span>fatigue;
+he was clad in a silk dress red with cochineal, and with his strong
+legs he mocked a pair of elephants&rsquo; posts stained with
+elephants&rsquo; ichor; he seemed from his causeless fierceness to have
+been marked on his dread brow by a frown that formed three banners, as
+if Durg&#257;, propitiated by his great devotion, had marked him with a
+trident to denote that he was her servant. (<span>63</span>) He was
+accompanied by hounds of every colour, which were his familiar friends;
+they showed their weariness by tongues that, dry as they were, seemed
+by their natural pinkness to drip deer&rsquo;s blood, and which hung
+down far from tiredness; as their mouths were open they raised the
+corners of their lips and showed their flashing teeth clearly, like a
+lion&rsquo;s mane caught between the teeth; their throats were covered
+with strings of cowries, and they were hacked by blows from the large
+boars&rsquo; tusks; though but small, from their great strength they
+were like lions&rsquo; cubs with their manes ungrown; they were skilled
+in initiating the does in widowhood; with them came their wives, very
+large, like lionesses coming to beg an amnesty for the lions. He was
+surrounded by troops of &Ccedil;abaras of all kinds: some had seized
+elephants&rsquo; tusks and the long hair of yaks; some had vessels for
+honey made of leaves closely bound; some, like lions, had hands filled
+with many a pearl from the frontal bones of elephants; some, like
+demons, had pieces of raw flesh; some, like goblins, were carrying the
+skins of lions; some, like Jain ascetics, held peacocks&rsquo; tails;
+some, like children, wore crows&rsquo; feathers;<a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e1507src" href="#xd21e1507" name="xd21e1507src">74</a> some
+represented K&#7771;ish&#7751;a&rsquo;s<a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e1510src" href="#xd21e1510" name="xd21e1510src">75</a> exploits by
+bearing the elephants&rsquo; tusks they had torn out; (<span>64</span>)
+some, like the days of the rainy season, had garments dark as
+clouds.<a class="noteref" id="xd21e1518src" href="#xd21e1518" name=
+"xd21e1518src">76</a> He had his sword-sheath, as a wood its
+rhinoceroses;<a class="noteref" id="xd21e1521src" href="#xd21e1521"
+name="xd21e1521src">77</a> like a fresh cloud, he held a bow<a class=
+"noteref" id="xd21e1524src" href="#xd21e1524" name=
+"xd21e1524src">78</a> bright as peacocks&rsquo; tails; like the demon
+Vaka,<a class="noteref" id="xd21e1528src" href="#xd21e1528" name=
+"xd21e1528src">79</a> he possessed a peerless army; like Garu&#7693;a,
+he had torn out the teeth <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb30" href=
+"#pb30" name="pb30">30</a>]</span>of many large n&#257;gas;<a class=
+"noteref" id="xd21e1541src" href="#xd21e1541" name=
+"xd21e1541src">80</a> he was hostile to peacocks, as Bh&#299;shma to
+&Ccedil;ikha&#7751;&#7693;&#299;;<a class="noteref" id="xd21e1552src"
+href="#xd21e1552" name="xd21e1552src">81</a> like a summer day, he
+always showed a thirst for deer;<a class="noteref" id="xd21e1555src"
+href="#xd21e1555" name="xd21e1555src">82</a> like a heavenly genius, he
+was impetuous in pride;<a class="noteref" id="xd21e1558src" href=
+"#xd21e1558" name="xd21e1558src">83</a> as Vy&#257;sa followed
+Yojanagandh&#257;,<a class="noteref" id="xd21e1565src" href=
+"#xd21e1565" name="xd21e1565src">84</a> so did he follow the musk deer;
+like Gha&#7789;otkaca, he was dreadful in form;<a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e1568src" href="#xd21e1568" name="xd21e1568src">85</a> as the
+locks of Um&#257; were decked with &Ccedil;iva&rsquo;s moon, so was he
+adorned with the eyes in the peacocks&rsquo; tails;<a class="noteref"
+id="xd21e1574src" href="#xd21e1574" name="xd21e1574src">86</a> as the
+demon Hira&#7751;yaka&ccedil;ipu<a class="noteref" id="xd21e1583src"
+href="#xd21e1583" name="xd21e1583src">87</a> by Mah&#257;var&#257;ha,
+so he had his breast torn by the teeth of a great boar;
+(<span>65</span>) like an ambitious man,<a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e1592src" href="#xd21e1592" name="xd21e1592src">88</a> he had a
+train of captives around him; like a demon, he loved<a class="noteref"
+id="xd21e1596src" href="#xd21e1596" name="xd21e1596src">89</a> the
+hunters; like the gamut of song, he was closed in by
+Nish&#257;das;<a class="noteref" id="xd21e1599src" href="#xd21e1599"
+name="xd21e1599src">90</a> like the trident of Durga, he was wet with
+the blood of buffaloes; though quite young, he had seen many lives
+pass;<a class="noteref" id="xd21e1610src" href="#xd21e1610" name=
+"xd21e1610src">91</a> though he had many hounds,<a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e1619src" href="#xd21e1619" name="xd21e1619src">92</a> he lived on
+roots and fruits; though of K&#7771;ish&#7751;a&rsquo;s hue,<a class=
+"noteref" id="xd21e1622src" href="#xd21e1622" name=
+"xd21e1622src">93</a> he was not good to look on; though he wandered at
+will, his mountain fort<a class="noteref" id="xd21e1625src" href=
+"#xd21e1625" name="xd21e1625src">94</a> was his only refuge; though he
+always lived at the foot of a lord of earth,<a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e1629src" href="#xd21e1629" name="xd21e1629src">95</a> he was
+unskilled in the service of a king.</p>
+<p>&lsquo;He was as the child of the Vindhya Mountains, the partial
+avatar of death; the born brother of wickedness, the essence of the
+Iron Age; horrible as he was, he yet inspired awe by reason of his
+natural greatness,<a class="noteref" id="xd21e1634src" href=
+"#xd21e1634" name="xd21e1634src">96</a> and his form could not be
+surpassed.<a class="noteref" id="xd21e1643src" href="#xd21e1643" name=
+"xd21e1643src">97</a> His name I afterwards learnt. In my mind was this
+thought: &ldquo;Ah, the life of <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb31"
+href="#pb31" name="pb31">31</a>]</span>these men is full of folly, and
+their career is blamed by the good. (<span>66</span>) For their one
+religion is offering human flesh to Durg&#257;; their meat, mead, and
+so forth, is a meal loathed by the good; their exercise is the chase;
+their &ccedil;astra<a class="noteref" id="xd21e1653src" href=
+"#xd21e1653" name="xd21e1653src">98</a> is the cry of the jackal; their
+teachers of good and evil are owls;<a class="noteref" id="xd21e1663src"
+href="#xd21e1663" name="xd21e1663src">99</a> their knowledge is skill
+in birds;<a class="noteref" id="xd21e1666src" href="#xd21e1666" name=
+"xd21e1666src">100</a> their bosom friends are dogs; their kingdom is
+in deserted woods; their feast is a drinking bout; their friends are
+the bows that work their cruel deeds, and arrows, with their heads
+smeared, like snakes, with poison, are their helpers; their song is
+what draws on bewildered deer; their wives are the wives of others
+taken captive; their dwelling is with savage tigers; their worship of
+the gods is with the blood of beasts, their sacrifice with flesh, their
+livelihood by theft; the snakes&rsquo; hood is their ornament; their
+cosmetic, elephants&rsquo; ichor; and the very wood wherein they may
+dwell is utterly destroyed root and branch.&rdquo;</p>
+<p>&lsquo;As I was thus thinking, the &Ccedil;abara leader, desiring to
+rest after his wandering through the forest, approached, and, laying
+his bow in the shade beneath that very cotton-tree, sat down on a seat
+of twigs gathered hastily by his suite. (<span>67</span>) Another
+youthful &Ccedil;abara, coming down hastily, brought to him from the
+lake, when he had stirred its waters with his hand, some water aromatic
+with lotus-pollen, and freshly-plucked bright lotus-fibres with their
+mud washed off; the water was like liquid lapis lazuli, or showed as if
+it were painted with a piece of sky fallen from the heat of the
+sun&rsquo;s rays in the day of doom, or had dropped from the
+moon&rsquo;s orb, or were a mass of melted pearl, or as if in its great
+purity it was frozen into ice, and could only be distinguished from it
+by touch. After drinking it, the &Ccedil;abara in turn devoured the
+lotus-fibres, as R&#257;hu does the moon&rsquo;s digits; when he was
+rested he rose, and, followed by all his host, who had satisfied their
+thirst, he went slowly to his desired goal. But one old &Ccedil;abara
+from that barbarous troop had got no deer&rsquo;s flesh, and, with a
+<span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb32" href="#pb32" name=
+"pb32">32</a>]</span>demoniac<a class="noteref" id="xd21e1676src" href=
+"#xd21e1676" name="xd21e1676src">101</a> expression coming into his
+face in his desire for meat, he lingered a short time by that tree.
+(<span>68</span>) As soon as the &Ccedil;abara leader had vanished,
+that old &Ccedil;abara, with eyes pink as drops of blood and terrible
+with their overhanging tawny brows, drank in, as it were, our lives; he
+seemed to reckon up the number in the parrots&rsquo; nests like a
+falcon eager to taste bird&rsquo;s flesh, and looked up the tree from
+its foot, wishing to climb it. The parrots seemed to have drawn their
+last breath at that very moment in their terror at the sight of him.
+For what is hard for the pitiless? So he climbed the tree easily and
+without effort, as if by ladders, though it was as high as many palms,
+and the tops of its boughs swept the clouds, and plucked the young
+parrots from among its boughs one by one, as if they were its fruit,
+for some were not yet strong for flight; some were only a few days old,
+and were pink with the down of their birth, so that they might almost
+be taken for cotton-flowers;<a class="noteref" id="xd21e1684src" href=
+"#xd21e1684" name="xd21e1684src">102</a> some, with their wings just
+sprouting, were like fresh lotus-leaves; some were like the Asclepias
+fruit; some, with their beaks growing red, had the grace of lotus-buds
+with their heads rising pink from slowly unfolding leaves; while some,
+under the guise of the ceaseless motion of their heads, seemed to try
+to forbid him, though they could not stop him, for he slew them and
+cast them on the ground.</p>
+<p>(<span>69</span>) &lsquo;But my father, seeing on a sudden this
+great, destructive, remediless, overwhelming calamity that had come on
+us, trembled doubly, and, with pupils quivering and wandering from fear
+of death, cast all round a glance that grief had made vacant and tears
+had dimmed; his palate was dry, and he could not help himself, but he
+covered me with his wing, though its joints were relaxed by fear, and
+bethought himself of what help could avail at such a moment. Swayed
+wholly by love, bewildered how to save me, and puzzled what to do, he
+stood, holding me to his breast. That miscreant, however, wandering
+among the <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb33" href="#pb33" name=
+"pb33">33</a>]</span>boughs, came to the entrance of the hollow, and
+stretched out his left arm, dreadful as the body of an old black snake,
+with its hand redolent of the raw fat of many boars, and its forearm
+marked with weals from ceaseless drawing of the bowstrings, like the
+wand of death; and though my father gave many a blow with his beak, and
+moaned piteously, that murderous wretch dragged him down and slew him.
+(<span>70</span>) Me, however, he somehow did not notice, though I was
+within the wings, from my being small and curled into a ball from fear,
+and from my not having lived my fated life, but he wrung my
+father&rsquo;s neck and threw him dead upon the ground. Meanwhile I,
+with my neck between my father&rsquo;s feet, clinging quietly to his
+breast, fell with him, and, from my having some fated life yet to live,
+I found that I had fallen on a large mass of dry leaves, heaped
+together by the wind, so that my limbs were not broken. While the
+&Ccedil;abara was getting down from the tree-top, I left my father,
+like a heartless wretch, though I should have died with him; but, from
+my extreme youth, I knew not the love that belongs to a later age, and
+was wholly swayed by the fear that dwells in us from birth; I could
+hardly be seen from the likeness of my colour to the fallen leaves; I
+tottered along with the help of my wings, which were just beginning to
+grow, thinking that I had escaped from the jaws of death, and came to
+the foot of a very large tam&#257;la tree close by. Its shoots were
+fitted to be the earrings of &Ccedil;abara women, as if it mocked the
+beauty of Vish&#7751;u&rsquo;s body by the colour of
+Balar&#257;ma&rsquo;s dark-blue robe, (<span>71</span>) or as if it
+were clad in pure strips of the water of Yamun&#257;; its twigs were
+watered by the ichor of wild elephants; it bore the beauty of the
+tresses of the Vindhya Forest; the space between its boughs was dark
+even by day;<a class="noteref" id="xd21e1700src" href="#xd21e1700"
+name="xd21e1700src">103</a> the ground round its root was hollow, and
+unpierced by the sun&rsquo;s rays; and I entered it as if it were the
+bosom of my noble father. Then the &Ccedil;abara came down and
+<span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb34" href="#pb34" name=
+"pb34">34</a>]</span>gathered up the tiny parrots scattered on the
+ground; he bound them hastily in a basket of leaves with a coil of
+creepers, and going off with hasty steps by the path trodden by his
+leader, he made for that region. I meanwhile had begun to hope for
+life, but my heart was dried up with grief for my father&rsquo;s recent
+death; my body was in pain from my long fall, and I was possessed by a
+violent thirst, caused by fright, which tortured all my limbs. Then I
+thought, &ldquo;The villain has now gone some way,&rdquo; so I lifted
+my head a little and gazed around with eyes tremulous with fear,
+thinking even when a blade of grass moved that the wretch was coming
+back. I watched him go step by step, and then, leaving the root of the
+tam&#257;la tree, I made a great effort to creep near the water.
+(<span>72</span>) My steps were feeble, because my wings were not yet
+grown, and again and again I fell on my face; I supported myself on one
+wing; I was weak with the weariness<a class="noteref" id="xd21e1714src"
+href="#xd21e1714" name="xd21e1714src">104</a> of creeping along the
+ground, and from my want of practice; after each step I always lifted
+my head and panted hard, and as I crept along I became gray with dust.
+&ldquo;Truly even in the hardest trials,&rdquo; I reflected,
+&ldquo;living creatures never become careless of life. Nothing in this
+world is dearer to all created beings than life, seeing that when my
+honoured father, of well-chosen name, is dead, I still live with senses
+unimpaired! Shame on me that I should be so pitiless, cruel, and
+ungrateful! For my life goes on shamefully in that the grief of my
+father&rsquo;s death is so easily borne. I regard no kindness; truly my
+heart is vile! I have even forgotten how, when my mother died, my
+father restrained his bitter grief, and from the day of my birth, old
+as he was, reckoned lightly in his deep love the great toil of bringing
+me up with every care. And yet in a moment I have forgotten how I was
+watched over by him! (<span>73</span>) Most vile is this breath of mine
+which goes not straightway forth to follow my father on his path, my
+father, that was so good to me! Surely there is none that thirst of
+life does not harden, if the longing for water can make me take
+<span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb35" href="#pb35" name=
+"pb35">35</a>]</span>trouble in my present plight. Methinks this idea
+of drinking water is purely hardness of heart, because I think lightly
+of the grief of my father&rsquo;s death. Even now the lake is still far
+off. For the cry of the kalaham&#803;sas, like the anklets of a
+water-nymph, is still far away; the cranes&rsquo; notes are yet dim;
+the scent of the lotus-bed comes rarely through the space it creeps
+through, because the distance is great; noontide is hard to bear, for
+the sun is in the midst of heaven, and scatters with his rays a blazing
+heat, unceasing, like fiery dust, and makes my thirst worse; the earth
+with its hot thick dust is hard to tread; my limbs are unable to go
+even a little way, for they are weary with excessive thirst; I am not
+master of myself; (<span>74</span>) my heart sinks; my eyes are
+darkened. O that pitiless fate would now bring that death which yet I
+desire not!&rdquo; Thus I thought; but a great ascetic named
+J&#257;b&#257;li dwelt in a hermitage not far from the lake, and his
+son H&#257;r&#299;ta, a youthful hermit, was coming down to the
+lotus-lake to bathe. He, like the son of Brahm&#257;, had a mind
+purified with all knowledge; he was coming by the very path where I was
+with many holy youths of his own age; like a second sun, his form was
+hard to see from its great brightness; he seemed to have
+dropped<a class="noteref" id="xd21e1729src" href="#xd21e1729" name=
+"xd21e1729src">105</a> from the rising sun, and to have limbs fashioned
+from lightning and a shape painted with molten gold; he showed the
+beauty of a wood on fire, or of day with its early sunlight, by reason
+of the clear tawny splendour of his form flashing out; he had thick
+matted locks hanging on his shoulders red as heated iron, and pure with
+sprinkling from many a sacred pool; his top-knot was bound as if he
+were Agni in the false guise of a young Brahman in his desire to burn
+the Kh&#257;&#7751;&#7693;ava Wood;<a class="noteref" id="xd21e1732src"
+href="#xd21e1732" name="xd21e1732src">106</a> he carried a bright
+crystal rosary hanging from his right ear, like the anklets of the
+goddesses of the hermitage, and resembling the circle of Dharma&rsquo;s
+commandments, made to turn aside all earthly joys; (<span>75</span>) he
+adorned his brow <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb36" href="#pb36" name=
+"pb36">36</a>]</span>with a tripu&#7751;&#7693;raka<a class="noteref"
+id="xd21e1740src" href="#xd21e1740" name="xd21e1740src">107</a> mark in
+ashes, as if with threefold truth;<a class="noteref" id="xd21e1743src"
+href="#xd21e1743" name="xd21e1743src">108</a> he laid his left hand on
+a crystal pitcher with its neck held ever upwards as if to look at the
+path to heaven, like a crane gazing upwards to the sky; he was covered
+by a black antelope skin hanging from his shoulders, like thick smoke
+that was coming out again after being swallowed<a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e1747src" href="#xd21e1747" name="xd21e1747src">109</a> in thirst
+for penance, with pale-blue<a class="noteref" id="xd21e1753src" href=
+"#xd21e1753" name="xd21e1753src">110</a> lustre; he wore on his left
+shoulder a sacrificial thread, which seemed from its lightness to be
+fashioned from very young lotus-fibres, and wavered in the wind as if
+counting the framework of his fleshless ribs; he held in his right hand
+an &#257;sh&#257;&#7693;ha<a class="noteref" id="xd21e1761src" href=
+"#xd21e1761" name="xd21e1761src">111</a> staff, having on its top a
+leafy basket full of creeper-blossoms gathered for the worship of
+&Ccedil;iva; he was followed by a deer from the hermitage, still
+bearing the clay of the bathing-place dug up by its horns, quite at
+home with the hermits, fed on mouthfuls of rice, and letting its eyes
+wander on all sides to the ku&ccedil;a grass flowers and creepers. Like
+a tree, he was covered with soft bark;<a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e1764src" href="#xd21e1764" name="xd21e1764src">112</a> like a
+mountain, he was surrounded by a girdle;<a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e1773src" href="#xd21e1773" name="xd21e1773src">113</a> like
+R&#257;hu, he had often tasted Soma;<a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e1785src" href="#xd21e1785" name="xd21e1785src">114</a> like a day
+lotus-bed, he drank the sun&rsquo;s rays; (<span>76</span>) like a tree
+by the river&rsquo;s side, his tangled locks were pure with ceaseless
+washing; like a young elephant, his teeth were white as<a class=
+"noteref" id="xd21e1792src" href="#xd21e1792" name=
+"xd21e1792src">115</a> pieces of moon-lotus petals; like Drau&#7751;i,
+he had K&#7771;ipa<a class="noteref" id="xd21e1795src" href=
+"#xd21e1795" name="xd21e1795src">116</a> ever with him; like the
+zodiac, he was adorned by having the hide<a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e1807src" href="#xd21e1807" name="xd21e1807src">117</a> of the
+dappled deer; like a summer day, he was free from darkness;<a class=
+"noteref" id="xd21e1810src" href="#xd21e1810" name=
+"xd21e1810src">118</a> like the rainy season, he had allayed the
+blinding dust of passion;<a class="noteref" id="xd21e1819src" href=
+"#xd21e1819" name="xd21e1819src">119</a> like Varu&#7751;a, he dwelt on
+the <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb37" href="#pb37" name=
+"pb37">37</a>]</span>waters;<a class="noteref" id="xd21e1833src" href=
+"#xd21e1833" name="xd21e1833src">120</a> like K&#7771;ish&#7751;a, he
+had banished the fear of hell;<a class="noteref" id="xd21e1839src"
+href="#xd21e1839" name="xd21e1839src">121</a> like the beginning of
+twilight, he had eyes tawny as the glow of dawn;<a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e1842src" href="#xd21e1842" name="xd21e1842src">122</a> like early
+morn, he was gilded with fresh sunlight; like the chariot of the sun,
+he was controlled in his course;<a class="noteref" id="xd21e1845src"
+href="#xd21e1845" name="xd21e1845src">123</a> like a good king, he
+brought to nought the secret guiles of the foe;<a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e1854src" href="#xd21e1854" name="xd21e1854src">124</a>
+(<span>77</span>) like the ocean, his temples were cavernous with
+meditation;<a class="noteref" id="xd21e1867src" href="#xd21e1867" name=
+"xd21e1867src">125</a> like Bhag&#299;ratha, he had often beheld the
+descent of Ganges;<a class="noteref" id="xd21e1870src" href=
+"#xd21e1870" name="xd21e1870src">126</a> like a bee, he had often
+tasted life in a water-engirt wood;<a class="noteref" id="xd21e1873src"
+href="#xd21e1873" name="xd21e1873src">127</a> though a woodsman, he yet
+entered a great home;<a class="noteref" id="xd21e1882src" href=
+"#xd21e1882" name="xd21e1882src">128</a> though unrestrained, he longed
+for release;<a class="noteref" id="xd21e1891src" href="#xd21e1891"
+name="xd21e1891src">129</a> though intent on works of peace, he bore
+the rod;<a class="noteref" id="xd21e1895src" href="#xd21e1895" name=
+"xd21e1895src">130</a> though asleep, he was yet awake;<a class=
+"noteref" id="xd21e1904src" href="#xd21e1904" name=
+"xd21e1904src">131</a> though with two well-placed eyes, he had his
+sinister eye abolished.<a class="noteref" id="xd21e1907src" href=
+"#xd21e1907" name="xd21e1907src">132</a> Such was he who approached the
+lotus-lake to bathe.</p>
+<p>&lsquo;Now the mind of the good is ever wont to be compassionate and
+kind instinctively. Wherefore he, seeing my plight, was filled with
+pity, and said to another young ascetic standing near:
+(<span>78</span>) &ldquo;This little half-fledged parrot has somehow
+fallen from the top of that tree, or perhaps from a hawk&rsquo;s mouth.
+For, owing to his long fall, he has hardly any life left; his eyes are
+closed, and he ever falls on his face and pants violently, and opens
+his beak, nor can he hold up his neck. Come, then, take him before his
+breath deserts him. Carry him to the water.&rdquo; So saying,
+<span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb38" href="#pb38" name=
+"pb38">38</a>]</span>he had me taken to the edge of the lake; and,
+coming there, he laid down his staff and pitcher near the water, and,
+taking me himself, just when I had given up all effort, he lifted up my
+head, and with his finger made me drink a few drops of water; and when
+I had been sprinkled with water and had gained fresh breath, he placed
+me in the cool wet shade of a fresh lotus-leaf growing on the bank, and
+went through the wonted rites of bathing. After that, he purified
+himself by often holding his breath, and murmuring the cleansing
+aghamarsha&#7751;a<a class="noteref" id="xd21e1923src" href=
+"#xd21e1923" name="xd21e1923src">133</a>, and then he arose and, with
+upraised face, made an offering to the sun with freshly-plucked red
+lotuses in a cup of lotus-leaves. Having taken a pure white robe, so
+that he was like the glow of evening sunlight accompanied by the
+moon&rsquo;s radiance, he rubbed his hair with his hands till it shone,
+and, (<span>79</span>) followed by the band of ascetic youths, with
+their hair yet wet from recent bathing, he took me and went slowly
+towards the penance grove.</p>
+<p>&lsquo;And after going but a short way, I beheld the penance grove,
+hidden in thick woods rich in flowers and fruit.</p>
+<p>(<span>80</span>) &lsquo;Its precincts were filled by munis entering
+on all sides, followed by pupils murmuring the Vedas, and bearing fuel,
+ku&ccedil;a grass, flowers, and earth. There the sound of the filling
+of the pitchers was eagerly heard by the peacocks; there appeared, as
+it were, a bridge to heaven under the guise of smoke waving to exalt to
+the gods the muni race while yet in the body by fires satisfied with
+the ceaseless offering of ghee; all round were tanks with their waves
+traversed by lines of sunbeams stainless as though from contact with
+the hermits they rested upon, plunged into by the circle of the Seven
+&#7770;ishis who had come to see their penance, and lifting by night an
+open moon-lotus-bed, like a cluster of constellations descending to
+honour the &#7771;ishis; the hermitage received homage from woodland
+creepers with their tops bent by the wind, and from trees with their
+ever-falling blossoms, and was worshipped by trees with the
+a&ntilde;jali of interlaced boughs; parched grain <span class=
+"pagenum">[<a id="pb39" href="#pb39" name="pb39">39</a>]</span>was
+scattered in the yards round the huts, and the fruit of the myrobalan,
+laval&#299;, jujube, banana, bread-tree, mango, panasa,<a class=
+"noteref" id="xd21e1938src" href="#xd21e1938" name=
+"xd21e1938src">134</a> and palm pressed on each other;
+(<span>81</span>) the young Brahmans were eloquent in reciting the
+Vedas; the parrot-race was garrulous with the prayer of oblation that
+they learnt by hearing it incessantly; the
+subrahma&#7751;y&#257;<a class="noteref" id="xd21e1944src" href=
+"#xd21e1944" name="xd21e1944src">135</a> was recited by many a maina;
+the balls of rice offered to the deities were devoured by the cocks of
+the forest, and the offering of wild rice was eaten by the young
+kalaham&#803;sas of the tanks close by. The eating-places of the sages
+were protected from pollution by ashes cast round them.
+(<span>82</span>) The fire for the munis&rsquo; homa sacrifice was
+fanned by the tails of their friends the peacocks; the sweet scent of
+the oblation prepared with nectar, the fragrance of the half-cooked
+sacrificial cake was spread around; the crackling of flames in the
+offering of a stream of unbroken libations made the place resonant; a
+host of guests was waited upon; the Pit&#7771;is were honoured;
+Vish&#7751;u, &Ccedil;iva, and Brahm&#257; were worshipped. The
+performance of &ccedil;r&#257;ddha rites was taught; the science of
+sacrifice explained; the &ccedil;&#257;stras of right conduct examined;
+good books of every kind recited; and the meaning of the
+&ccedil;&#257;stras pondered. Leafy huts were being begun; courts
+smeared with paste, and the inside of the huts scrubbed. Meditation was
+being firmly grasped, mantras duly carried out, yoga practised, and
+offerings made to woodland deities. Brahmanical girdles of mu&ntilde;ja
+grass were being made, bark garments washed, fuel brought, deer-skins
+decked, grass gathered, lotus-seed dried, rosaries strung, and bamboos
+laid in order for future need.<a class="noteref" id="xd21e1951src"
+href="#xd21e1951" name="xd21e1951src">136</a> Wandering ascetics
+received hospitality, and pitchers were filled.</p>
+<p>(<span>84</span>) &lsquo;There defilement is found in the smoke of
+the oblations, not in evil conduct; redness of face in parrots, not in
+angry men; sharpness in blades of grass, not in dispositions; wavering
+in plantain-leaves, not in minds; red eyes<a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e1959src" href="#xd21e1959" name="xd21e1959src">137</a> in cuckoos
+alone; clasping of necks with pitchers only; <span class=
+"pagenum">[<a id="pb40" href="#pb40" name="pb40">40</a>]</span>binding
+of girdles in vows, not in quarrels; <i>pakshap&#257;ta</i><a class=
+"noteref" id="xd21e1966src" href="#xd21e1966" name=
+"xd21e1966src">138</a> in cocks, not in scientific discussions;
+wandering in making the sunwise turn round the soma fire, but not error
+in the &ccedil;&#257;stras; mention of the Vasus in legends, but not
+longing for wealth; counting of beads for Rudra, but no account made of
+the body; loss of locks by the saints in the practice of sacrifice, but
+not loss of their children<a class="noteref" id="xd21e1975src" href=
+"#xd21e1975" name="xd21e1975src">139</a> by death; propitiation of
+R&#257;ma by reciting the R&#257;m&#257;ya&#7751;a, not of
+women<a class="noteref" id="xd21e1987src" href="#xd21e1987" name=
+"xd21e1987src">140</a> by youth; wrinkles brought on by old age, not by
+pride of riches; the death of a &Ccedil;akuni<a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e1992src" href="#xd21e1992" name="xd21e1992src">141</a> in the
+Mah&#257;bh&#257;rata only; only in the Pur&#257;&#7751;a windy
+talk;<a class="noteref" id="xd21e2003src" href="#xd21e2003" name=
+"xd21e2003src">142</a> in old age only loss of teeth;<a class="noteref"
+id="xd21e2014src" href="#xd21e2014" name="xd21e2014src">143</a>
+coldness only in the park sandal-trees;<a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e2023src" href="#xd21e2023" name="xd21e2023src">144</a>
+(<span>85</span>) in fires only turning to ashes;<a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e2033src" href="#xd21e2033" name="xd21e2033src">145</a> only deer
+love to hear song; only peacocks care for dancing; only snakes wear
+hoods;<a class="noteref" id="xd21e2036src" href="#xd21e2036" name=
+"xd21e2036src">146</a> only monkeys desire fruit;<a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e2039src" href="#xd21e2039" name="xd21e2039src">147</a> only roots
+have a downward tendency.</p>
+<p>(85&ndash;89, condensed) &lsquo;There, beneath the shade of a red
+a&ccedil;oka-tree, beauteous with new oblations of flowers, purified
+with ointment of fresh gomaya, garlanded with ku&ccedil;a grass and
+strips of bark tied on by the hermitage maidens, I saw the holy
+J&#257;b&#257;li surrounded by most ascetic sages, like time by
+&aelig;ons, the last day by suns, the sacrifice by bearers of the three
+fires,<a class="noteref" id="xd21e2044src" href="#xd21e2044" name=
+"xd21e2044src">148</a> the golden mountain by the noble hills, or the
+earth by the oceans.</p>
+<p>(<span>89</span>) &lsquo;And as I looked on him I thought:
+&ldquo;Ah! how great is the power of penance! His form, calm as it is,
+yet pure as molten gold, overpowers, like lightning, the brightness of
+the eye with its brilliance. Though ever tranquil, it inspires fear at
+first approach by its inherent majesty. The splendour of even those
+ascetics who have practised but little asceticism is wont to be easily
+provoked, like fire swiftly falling on dry reeds, k&#257;&ccedil;a
+grass, or flowers. (<span>90</span>) How much more, then, that of holy
+men like these, whose feet <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb41" href=
+"#pb41" name="pb41">41</a>]</span>are honoured by the whole world,
+whose stains are worn away by penance, who look with divine insight on
+the whole earth as if it were a myrobalan<a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e2058src" href="#xd21e2058" name="xd21e2058src">149</a> in the
+hand, and who purge away all sin. For even the mention of a great sage
+has its reward; much more, then, the sight of him! Happy is the
+hermitage where dwells this king of Brahmans! Nay, rather, happy is the
+whole world in being trodden by him who is the very Brahm&#257; of
+earth! Truly these sages enjoy the reward of their good deeds in that
+they attend him day and night with no other duty, hearing holy stories
+and ever fixing on him their steady gaze, as if he were another
+Brahm&#257;. Happy is Sarasvat&#299;, who, encircled by his shining
+teeth, and ever enjoying the nearness of his lotus-mouth, dwells in his
+serene mind, with its unfathomable depths and its full stream of
+tenderness, like a ham&#803;sa on the M&#257;nasa lake. The four Vedas,
+that have long dwelt in the four lotus-mouths of Brahm&#257;, find here
+their best and most fitting home. (<span>91</span>) All the sciences,
+which became turbid in the rainy season of the Iron Age, become pure
+when they reach him, as rivers coming to autumn. Of a surety, holy
+Dharma, having taken up his abode here after quelling the riot of the
+Iron Age, no longer cares to recall the Golden Age. Heaven, seeing
+earth trodden by him, no longer takes pride in being dwelt in by the
+Seven &#7770;ishis. How bold is old age, which fears not to fall on his
+thick matted locks, moonbeam-pale as they are, and hard to gaze on as
+the rays of the sun of doom.<a class="noteref" id="xd21e2065src" href=
+"#xd21e2065" name="xd21e2065src">150</a> For it falls on him as Ganges,
+white with flecks of foam, on &Ccedil;iva, or as an offering of milk on
+Agni. Even the sun&rsquo;s rays keep far from the penance-grove, as if
+terrified by the greatness of the saint whose hermitage is darkened by
+the thick smoke of many an oblation. These fires, too, for love of him,
+receive oblations purified by hymns, for their flames are pressed
+together by the wind, like hands reverently raised. (<span>92</span>)
+The wind itself approaches him <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb42"
+href="#pb42" name="pb42">42</a>]</span>timidly, just stirring the linen
+and bark dresses, fragrant with the sweet creeper blossoms of the
+hermitage, and gentle in motion. Yet the glorious might of the elements
+is wont to be beyond our resistance! But this man towers above<a class=
+"noteref" id="xd21e2073src" href="#xd21e2073" name=
+"xd21e2073src">151</a> the mightiest! The earth shines as if with two
+suns, being trodden by this noble man. In his support the world stands
+firm. He is the stream of sympathy, the bridge over the ocean of
+transient existence, and the home of the waters of patience; the axe
+for the glades of the creepers of desire, the ocean of the nectar of
+content, the guide in the path of perfection, the mountain behind which
+sets the planet of ill,<a class="noteref" id="xd21e2076src" href=
+"#xd21e2076" name="xd21e2076src">152</a> the root of the tree of
+endurance, the nave of the wheel of wisdom, the staff of the banner of
+righteousness, the holy place for the descent of all knowledge, the
+submarine fire of the ocean of craving, the touch-stone of the jewels
+of the &ccedil;&#257;stras, the consuming flame of the buds of passion,
+the charm against the snake of wrath, the sun to dispel the darkness of
+delusion, the binder of the bolts of hell&rsquo;s gates, the native
+home of noble deeds, the temple of propitious rites, the forbidden
+ground for the degradation of passion, the sign-post to the paths of
+good, the birthplace of holiness, the felly of the wheel of effort, the
+abode of strength, the foe of the Iron Age, the treasury of penance,
+the friend of truth, the native soil of sincerity, the source of the
+heaping up of merit, the closed gate for envy, the foe of calamity.
+(<span>93</span>) Truly he is one in whom disrespect can find no place;
+for he is averse from pride, unclaimed by meanness, unenslaved by
+wrath, and unattracted by pleasure. Purely by the grace of this holy
+man the hermitage is free from envy and calm from enmity. Great is the
+power of a noble soul. Here, ceasing their constant feud, the very
+animals are quiet, and learn the joy of a hermitage life. For here a
+snake, wearied by the sun, fearlessly enters, as if into fresh grass,
+into the peacock&rsquo;s tail, like an interwoven grove of open
+lotuses, with its hundred beauteous eyes, changing in hue as the eyes
+of a deer. Here a young antelope, leaving his mother, <span class=
+"pagenum">[<a id="pb43" href="#pb43" name="pb43">43</a>]</span>makes
+friends with the lion-cubs whose manes are not yet grown, and drinks at
+the bounteous breast of the lioness. Here a lion closes his eyes, and
+is pleased to have his moon-white mane pulled by the young elephants
+that mistake it for lotus-fibres. Here the monkey-tribe loses its
+capriciousness and brings fruit to the young munis after their bath.
+There the elephants, too, though excited, are tender-hearted, and do
+not drive away by their flapping the bees that dwell round their
+frontal bones, and stay motionless to drink their ichor.
+(<span>94</span>) But what need of more? There even the senseless
+trees, with roots and fruits, clad in bark, and adorned with outer
+garments of black antelope skin perpetually made for them by the upward
+creeping lines of sacrificial smoke, seem like fellow ascetics of this
+holy man. How much more, then, living beings, endowed with
+sense!&rdquo;</p>
+<p>&lsquo;And while I was thus thinking, H&#257;r&#299;ta placed me
+somewhere in the shade of the a&ccedil;oka tree, and embracing his
+father&rsquo;s feet and saluting him, sat down not far from him on a
+seat of ku&ccedil;a grass.</p>
+<p>&lsquo;But the hermits, looking on me, asked him as he rested:
+&ldquo;Whence was this little parrot brought?&rdquo; &ldquo;When I went
+hence to bathe,&rdquo; replied he, &ldquo;I found this little parrot
+fallen from its nest in a tree on the bank of the lotus-lake, faint
+with the heat, lying in hot dust, and shaken by the fall, with little
+life left in him. And as I could not replace him in his nest (for that
+tree was too hard for an ascetic to climb), I brought him hither in
+pity. So, while his wings are not grown, and he cannot fly into the
+sky, let him live in the hollow of some hermitage tree,
+(<span>95</span>) fed on the juice of fruits and on handfuls of rice
+brought to him by us and by the young hermits. For it is the law of our
+order to protect the weak. But when his wings are grown, and he can fly
+into the sky, he shall go where he likes. Or perhaps, when he knows us
+well, he will stay here.&rdquo; The holy J&#257;b&#257;li, hearing this
+and other remarks about me, with some curiosity bent his head slightly,
+and, with a very calm glance that seemed to purify me with holy waters,
+<span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb44" href="#pb44" name=
+"pb44">44</a>]</span>he gazed long upon me, and then, looking again and
+again as if he were beginning to recognise me, said: &ldquo;He is
+reaping the fruit of his own ill-conduct.&rdquo; For by the potency of
+penance the saint with divine insight beholds the past, present, and
+future, and sees the whole world as though placed on the palm of his
+hand. He knows past births. He tells things yet to come. He declares
+the length of days of beings within his sight.</p>
+<p>&lsquo;At these words the whole assemblage of hermits, aware of his
+power, became curious to know what was my crime, and why committed, and
+where, and who I was in a former birth; and implored the saint, saying:
+(<span>96</span>) &ldquo;Vouchsafe, sir, to tell us of what kind of
+misconduct he is reaping the fruits. Who was he in a former birth, and
+how was he born in the form of a bird? How is he named? Do thou satisfy
+our curiosity, for thou art the fountain-head of all
+marvels.&rdquo;</p>
+<p>&lsquo;Thus urged by the assemblage, the great saint replied:
+&ldquo;The story of this wonder is very long, the day is almost spent,
+our bathing-time is near, while the hour for worshipping the gods is
+passing. Arise, therefore; let each perform his duties as is meet. In
+the afternoon, after your meal of roots and fruits, when you are
+resting quietly, I will tell you the whole story from beginning to
+end&mdash;who he is, what he did in another birth, and how he was born
+in this world. Meanwhile, let him be refreshed with food. He will
+certainly recall, as it were, the vision of a dream when I tell the
+whole story of his former birth.&rdquo; So saying, he arose, and with
+the hermits bathed and performed their other daily duties.</p>
+<p>(<span>97</span>) &lsquo;The day was now drawing to a close. When
+the hermits rose from their bathing, and were offering a sacrifice, the
+sun in the sky seemed to bear upwards before our eyes the offering cast
+on the ground, with its unguent of red sandal-wood. Then his glow faded
+and vanished; the effluence of his glory was drunk by the
+Ushm&#257;pas<a class="noteref" id="xd21e2109src" href="#xd21e2109"
+name="xd21e2109src">153</a> with faces raised and eyes fixed on his
+orb, as if they were ascetics; and he glided from the sky pink as a
+dove&rsquo;s foot, <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb45" href="#pb45"
+name="pb45">45</a>]</span>drawing in his rays as though to avoid
+touching the Seven &#7770;ishis as they rose. His orb, with its network
+of crimson rays reflected on the Western Ocean, was like the lotus of
+Vish&#7751;u on his couch of waters pouring forth nectar; his beams,
+forsaking the sky and deserting the lotus-groves, lingered at eve like
+birds on the crest of hill and tree; the splashes of crimson light
+seemed for a moment to deck the trees with the red bark garments hung
+up by the ascetics. And when the thousand-rayed sun had gone to rest,
+twilight sprang up like rosy coral from the Western Ocean.
+(<span>98</span>) Then the hermitage became the home of quiet thought,
+as the pleasant sound of milking the sacred cows arose in one quarter,
+and the fresh ku&ccedil;a grass was scattered on the altar of Agni, and
+the rice and oblations to the goddesses of space were tossed hither and
+thither by the hermitage maidens. And red-starred eve seemed to the
+hermits as the red-eyed cow of the hermitage roaming about, tawny in
+the fall of day. And when the sun had vanished, the lotus-bed, in the
+grief of bereavement, seemed to perform a vow in the hopes of rejoining
+the lord of day, for she lifted the goblets of her buds, and wore the
+fine white vesture of her ham&#803;sas, and was girt with the
+sacrificial thread of white filaments, and bore a circle of bees as her
+rosary. And the starry host leapt up and filled the sky, like a splash
+of spray when the sun fell into the Western Ocean; and for a brief
+space the star-bespangled sky shone as though inlaid with flowers
+offered by the daughters of the Siddhas<a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e2117src" href="#xd21e2117" name="xd21e2117src">154</a> in honour
+of twilight; but in a moment the whole glory of the gloaming vanished
+as though washed away by the libations which the hermits, with faces
+upraised, cast towards the sky; (<span>99</span>) and at its departure,
+night, as sorrowing for its loss, wore a deeper darkness, like a black
+antelope&rsquo;s skin&mdash;a blackness which darkened all save the
+hearts of the hermits.</p>
+<p>&lsquo;Learning that the sun had gone to rest, the lord of rays
+ambrosial, in pure severity of light, arrayed in the whiteness of clear
+gossamer, dwelling in the palace of his wives <span class=
+"pagenum">[<a id="pb46" href="#pb46" name="pb46">46</a>]</span>with
+T&#257;r&#257;,<a class="noteref" id="xd21e2128src" href="#xd21e2128"
+name="xd21e2128src">155</a> mounted the sky which, in that it was
+outlined with the darkness of tam&#257;la-trees, presided over by the
+circle of Seven &#7770;ishis, purified by the wanderings of
+Arundhat&#299;,<a class="noteref" id="xd21e2137src" href="#xd21e2137"
+name="xd21e2137src">156</a> surrounded by
+&#256;sh&#257;&#7693;ha,<a class="noteref" id="xd21e2146src" href=
+"#xd21e2146" name="xd21e2146src">157</a> showing its M&#363;la<a class=
+"noteref" id="xd21e2155src" href="#xd21e2155" name=
+"xd21e2155src">158</a> with its soft-eyed white deer,<a class="noteref"
+id="xd21e2165src" href="#xd21e2165" name="xd21e2165src">159</a> was a
+very hermitage of heaven. White as a ham&#803;sa, moonlight fell on the
+earth, filling the seas; falling, as Ganges from the head of
+&Ccedil;iva, from the sky which was decked with the moon, and inlaid
+with the shattered potsherds of the stars. (<span>100</span>) And in
+the moon-lake, white as an opening lotus, was seen the motionless deer,
+which went down in eagerness to drink the water of the moonbeams, and
+was caught, as it were, in the mud of ambrosia. The lakes of the
+night-lotus were fondly visited by the moonbeams, like ham&#803;sas,
+falling on the ocean white as sinduv&#257;ra flowers in their fresh
+purity after the rains. At that moment the globe of the moon lost all
+the glow of its rising, like the frontal bone of the elephant
+Air&#257;vata when its red lead is washed away by plunging into the
+heavenly stream; and his highness the cold-shedder had gradually risen
+high in the sky, and by his light had whitened the earth as with
+lime-dust; the breezes of early night were blowing, slackened in their
+course by the cold dew, aromatic with the scent of opening
+moon-lotuses, (<span>101</span>) and gladly welcomed by the deer, who,
+with eyes weighed down by the approach of sleep, and eyelashes clinging
+together, were beginning to ruminate and rest in quiet.</p>
+<p>&lsquo;Only half a watch of the night was spent, when
+H&#257;r&#299;ta took me after my meal and went with the other holy
+hermits to his father, who, in a moonlit spot of the hermitage, was
+sitting on a bamboo stool, gently fanned by a pupil named
+J&#257;lap&#257;da, who held a fan of antelope skin white as dharba
+grass, and he spake, saying: &ldquo;Father, the whole assemblage
+<span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb47" href="#pb47" name=
+"pb47">47</a>]</span>of hermits is in a circle round thee, with hearts
+eager to hear this wonder; the little bird, too, has rested. Tell us,
+therefore, what he has done, who was he, and who will he be in another
+birth?&rdquo; Thus addressed, the great saint, looking at me, and
+seeing the hermits before him intently listening, slowly spake:
+&ldquo;Let the tale be told, if ye care to hear it.</p>
+<p>&lsquo;&ldquo;(<span>102</span>) There is a city named
+Ujjayin&#299;, the proudest gem of earth, the very home of the golden
+age, created by Mah&#257;k&#257;la,<a class="noteref" id="xd21e2183src"
+href="#xd21e2183" name="xd21e2183src">160</a> creator, preserver, and
+destroyer of the three worlds, and lord of Pramathas, as a habitation
+meet for himself, as it were a second earth. There the sun is daily
+seen paying homage to Mah&#257;k&#257;la, for his steeds vail their
+heads at the charm of the sweet chant of the women singing in concert
+in the lofty white palace, and his pennon droops before him.</p>
+<p>(<span>109</span>) &lsquo;&ldquo;There darkness never falls, and the
+nights bring no separation to the pairs of cakrav&#257;kas; nor need
+they any lamps, for they pass golden as with morning sunshine, from the
+bright jewels of women, as though the world were on fire with the flame
+of love. (<span>110</span>) There the only unending life is in jewelled
+lamps, the only wavering in pearl necklaces, the only variations in the
+sound of drum and song, the only disunion of pairs in cakrav&#257;kas,
+the only testing of colour<a class="noteref" id="xd21e2194src" href=
+"#xd21e2194" name="xd21e2194src">161</a> in gold pieces, the only
+unsteadiness in banners, the only hatred of the sun<a class="noteref"
+id="xd21e2197src" href="#xd21e2197" name="xd21e2197src">162</a> in
+night-lotuses, the only concealment of metal in the sheathing of the
+sword. (<span>111</span>) Why should I say more? For he whose bright
+feet are kissed by the rays of the jewelled crests of gods and demons,
+who hath the river of heaven wandering lost in his locks tawny with a
+wreath of flame for the burning of the world; he the foe of Andhaka; he
+the holy one; he who hath given up his love for his home on
+Kail&#257;sa; even he whose name is Mah&#257;k&#257;la hath there made
+a habitation for himself. And in this city was a king named
+T&#257;r&#257;p&#299;&#7693;a. He was like unto the great kings Nala,
+Nahusha, Yay&#257;ti, Dundhum&#257;ra, Bharata, Bhag&#299;ratha, and
+Da&ccedil;aratha; <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb48" href="#pb48"
+name="pb48">48</a>]</span>by the might of his arm he conquered the
+whole world; he reaped the fruits of the three powers;<a class=
+"noteref" id="xd21e2206src" href="#xd21e2206" name=
+"xd21e2206src">163</a> wise and resolute, with an intellect unwearied
+in political science, and a deep study of the law books, he made in
+light and glory a third with the sun and moon. (<span>112</span>) His
+form was purified by many a sacrifice; by him the calamities of the
+whole world were set at rest; to him Lakshm&#299; openly clung,
+deserting her lotus-woods and despising the happiness of her home in
+the breast of N&#257;r&#257;ya&#7751;a, she the lotus-handed, who ever
+joys in the contest of heroes. He was the source of truth, ever
+honoured by the race of saints, as the foot of Vish&#7751;u was of the
+stream of the heavenly Ganges.</p>
+<p>&lsquo;&ldquo;From him arose glory, as from the ocean of the moon,
+for his brightness, free from heat, consumed his foes; constant, ever
+roamed; stainless, darkened the brightness of the lotus-faced widows of
+his foes; white, made all things gay. (<span>113</span>) He was the
+incarnation of justice, the very representative of Vish&#7751;u and the
+destroyer of all the sorrows of his people.</p>
+<p>(<span>115</span>) &lsquo;&ldquo;When he approached the throne that
+blossomed with the rays of many gems and was hung with clusters of
+pearls, like the elephant of space approaching the tree of desire, all
+the wide quarters of space, like creepers weighed down by bees, bowed
+down before his majesty; and of him, I think, even Indra was envious.
+From him, too, proceeded a host of virtues, like a flock of
+ham&#803;sas from Mount Krau&ntilde;ca, brightening the earth&rsquo;s
+surface, and gladdening the hearts of all mankind. His fame wandered,
+so that the world echoed with it throughout the ten regions, making
+fair the world of gods and demons, like a streak of foam of the stream
+of milk tossed by Mandara, ambrosial sweet. His royal glory never for a
+moment laid aside the shade of her umbrella, as though scorched by the
+heat of a splendour hard to bear. (<span>116</span>) His achievements
+were heard by the people like news of good fortune, were received like
+the teaching of a guru, were valued like a good omen, were murmured
+like a hymn, and were remembered like a sacred <span class=
+"pagenum">[<a id="pb49" href="#pb49" name="pb49">49</a>]</span>text.
+And while he was king, though the flight of the mountains was stayed,
+the flight of thought was free; suffixes alone were dependent, and the
+people feared no foe; nought dared to face him but his mirror; the
+pressure of Durg&#257;<a class="noteref" id="xd21e2230src" href=
+"#xd21e2230" name="xd21e2230src">164</a> was given to
+&Ccedil;iva&rsquo;s image alone; the bow was only borne by the clouds;
+there was no uprising save of banners, no bending save of bows, no
+shaft sped home save the bee&rsquo;s on the bamboo, no enforced
+wandering save of the images of gods in a procession, no imprisonment
+save of flowers in their calyx, no restraint save of the senses; wild
+elephants entered the pale, but none paled before the water-ordeal; the
+only sharpness was in the edge of the sword; the only endurance of the
+flame<a class="noteref" id="xd21e2233src" href="#xd21e2233" name=
+"xd21e2233src">165</a> was by ascetics; the only passing the
+Balance<a class="noteref" id="xd21e2237src" href="#xd21e2237" name=
+"xd21e2237src">166</a> was by the stars; the only clearing of
+baneful<a class="noteref" id="xd21e2240src" href="#xd21e2240" name=
+"xd21e2240src">167</a> waters was in the rising of Agastya; the only
+cutting short was of hair and nails; the only stained garb was of the
+sky on stormy days; the only laying bare was of gems, and not of secret
+counsels; the only mysteries<a class="noteref" id="xd21e2249src" href=
+"#xd21e2249" name="xd21e2249src">168</a> were those of religion;
+(<span>117</span>) none ceased to behold the light save slaughtered
+T&#257;raka<a class="noteref" id="xd21e2261src" href="#xd21e2261" name=
+"xd21e2261src">169</a> in the praises of Kum&#257;ra; none dreaded
+eclipse save the sun; none passed over the First-born<a class="noteref"
+id="xd21e2270src" href="#xd21e2270" name="xd21e2270src">170</a> save
+the moon; none heard of the Disobedient save in the
+Mah&#257;bh&#257;rata; none grasped the rod<a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e2274src" href="#xd21e2274" name="xd21e2274src">171</a> save in
+the decline of life; none clung to a sinister object save the
+sword-sheath; no stream of liberality was interrupted save the
+elephant&rsquo;s ichor; no squares were deserted save those on the
+dice-board.</p>
+<p>&lsquo;&ldquo;That king had a minister, by name
+&Ccedil;ukan&#257;sa, a Brahman, whose intelligence was fixed on all
+the affairs of the kingdom, whose mind had plunged deeply into the arts
+and &ccedil;&#257;stras, and whose strong affection for the king had
+grown up in him from childhood. Skilled in the precepts of political
+science, pilot of the world&rsquo;s government, <span class=
+"pagenum">[<a id="pb50" href="#pb50" name="pb50">50</a>]</span>unshaken
+in resolve by the greatest difficulties, he was the castle of
+constancy, the station of steadfastness, the bridge of bright truth,
+the guide to all goodness, the conductor in conduct, the ordainer of
+all ordered life. Like the serpent &Ccedil;esha, enduring the weight of
+the world; like the ocean, full of life; like Jar&#257;sandha, shaping
+war and peace;<a class="noteref" id="xd21e2281src" href="#xd21e2281"
+name="xd21e2281src">172</a> (<span>118</span>) like &Ccedil;iva, at
+home with D&#363;rg&#257;<a class="noteref" id="xd21e2290src" href=
+"#xd21e2290" name="xd21e2290src">173</a>; like Yuddhish&#7789;hira, a
+dayspring of Dharma, he knew all the Vedas and Ved&#257;ngas, and was
+the essence of the kingdom&rsquo;s prosperity. He was like
+B&#7771;ihaspati<a class="noteref" id="xd21e2293src" href="#xd21e2293"
+name="xd21e2293src">174</a> to Sun&#257;s&#299;ra; like &Ccedil;ukra to
+V&#7771;ishaparvan; like Va&ccedil;ish&#7789;ha to Da&ccedil;aratha;
+like Vi&ccedil;v&#257;mitra to R&#257;ma; like Dhaumya to
+Aj&#257;ta&ccedil;atru; like Damanaka to Nala. He, by the force of his
+knowledge, thought that Lakshm&#299; was not hard to win, resting
+though she were on the breast of N&#257;r&#257;ya&#7751;a, terrible
+with the scars of the weapons of the demons of hell, and a strong
+shoulder hardened by the pitiless pressure of Mount Mandara as it moved
+to and fro. Near him knowledge spread wide, thick with many a tendril,
+and showed the fruits gained from conquered realms like a creeper near
+a tree. (<span>119</span>) To him throughout the earth&rsquo;s surface,
+measured by the circumference of the four oceans, and filled with the
+goings to and fro of many thousands of spies, every whisper of the
+kings was known as though uttered in his own palace.</p>
+<p>&lsquo;&ldquo;Now, T&#257;r&#257;p&#299;&#7693;a while yet a child
+had conquered the whole earth ringed by the seven Dv&#299;pas by the
+might of his arm, thick as the trunk of Indra&rsquo;s elephant, and he
+devolved the weight of the empire on that councillor named
+&Ccedil;ukan&#257;sa, and having made his subjects perfectly contented,
+he searched for anything else that remained to be done.</p>
+<p>&lsquo;&ldquo;And as he had crushed his enemies and had lost all
+cause for fear, and as the strain of the world&rsquo;s affairs had
+become a little relaxed, for the most part he began to pursue the
+ordinary pleasures of youth.</p>
+<p>(<span>124</span>) &lsquo;&ldquo;And some time passed while the king
+pursued <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb51" href="#pb51" name=
+"pb51">51</a>]</span>the pleasures of youth, and entrusted the affairs
+of state to his minister; and after a time he came to the end of all
+the other pleasures of life, and the only one he did not get was the
+sight of a son born to him; so that his zenana was like reeds showing
+only flowers without fruit; and as youth went by there arose in him a
+regret produced by childlessness, and his mind was turned away from the
+desire of the pleasures of sense, and he felt himself alone, though
+surrounded by a thousand princes; blind, though possessed of sight;
+without support, though supporting the world.</p>
+<p>(<span>125</span>) &lsquo;&ldquo;But the fairest ornament of this
+king was his queen Vil&#257;savat&#299;; as the moon&rsquo;s digit to
+the braided hair of &Ccedil;iva, as the splendour of the Kaustubha gem
+to the breast of the foe<a class="noteref" id="xd21e2316src" href=
+"#xd21e2316" name="xd21e2316src">175</a> of Kai&#7789;abha, as the
+woodland garland to Balar&#257;ma, as the shore to the ocean, as the
+creeper to the tree, as the outburst of flowers to the spring, as the
+moonlight to the moon, as the lotus-bed to the lake, as the array of
+stars to the sky, as the circling of ham&#803;sas to Lake M&#257;nasa,
+as the line of sandal-woods to Mount Malaya, as the jewelled crest to
+&Ccedil;esha, so was she to her lord; she reigned peerless in the
+zenana, and created wonder in the three worlds, as though she were the
+very source of all womanly grace.</p>
+<p>&lsquo;&ldquo;And it chanced once that, going to her dwelling, he
+beheld her seated on a stately<a class="noteref" id="xd21e2321src"
+href="#xd21e2321" name="xd21e2321src">176</a> couch, weeping bitterly,
+surrounded by her household mute in grief, their glances fixed in
+meditation, and attended by her chamberlains, who waited afar with eyes
+motionless in anxious thought, while the old women of the zenana were
+trying to console her. Her silken robes were wet with ceaseless tears;
+her ornaments were laid aside; her lotus-face rested on her left hand;
+and her tresses were unbound and in disorder. As she arose to welcome
+him, the king placed her on the couch again, and sitting there himself,
+ignorant of the cause of her weeping, and in great alarm, wiped away
+with his hand the tears from her cheeks, saying: (<span>126</span>)
+&lsquo;My queen, what means this weeping, voiceless and low with the
+weight of the heavy sorrow concealed in thy heart? For these eyelashes
+<span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb52" href="#pb52" name=
+"pb52">52</a>]</span>of thine are stringing, as it were, a network of
+pearls of dropping tears. Why, slender one, art thou unadorned? and why
+has not the stream of lac fallen on thy feet like early sunlight on
+rosy lotus-buds? And why are thy jewelled anklets, with their murmur
+like teals on the lake of love, not graced with the touch of thy
+lotus-feet? And why is this waist of thine bereft of the music of the
+girdle thou hast laid aside? And why is there no device painted on thy
+breast like the deer on the moon? and why is that slender neck of
+thine, fair-limbed queen, not adorned with a rope of pearls as the
+crescent on &Ccedil;iva&rsquo;s brow by the heavenly stream? And why
+dost thou, erst so gay, wear in vain a face whose adornment is washed
+away with flowing tears? And why is this hand, with its petal-like
+cluster of soft fingers, exalted into an ear-jewel, as though it were a
+rosy lotus? (<span>127</span>) And why, froward lady, dost thou raise
+thy straight brow undecked with the mark of yellow pigment, and
+surrounded by the mass of thine unbound tresses? For these flowing
+locks of thine, bereft of flowers, grieve my eyes, like the loss of the
+moon in the dark fortnight, clouded in masses of thickest gloom. Be
+kind, and tell me, my queen, the cause of thy grief. For this storm of
+sighs with which the robe on thy breast is quivering bows my loving
+heart like a ruddy tendril. Has any wrong been done by me, or by any in
+thy service? Closely as I examine myself, I can truly see no failure of
+mine towards thee. For my life and my kingdom are wholly thine. Let the
+cause of thy woe, fair queen, be told.&rsquo; But Vil&#257;savat&#299;,
+thus addressed, made no reply, and turning to her attendants, he asked
+the cause of her exceeding grief. Then her betel-nut bearer,
+Makarik&#257;, who was always near her, said to the king: &lsquo;My
+lord, how could any fault, however slight, be committed by thee?
+(<span>128</span>) And how in thy presence could any of thy followers,
+or anyone else, offend? The sorrow of the queen is that her union with
+the king is fruitless, as though she were seized by R&#257;hu, and for
+a long time she has been suffering. For at first our lady was like one
+in heavy grief, was only occupied <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb53"
+href="#pb53" name="pb53">53</a>]</span>with difficulty by the
+persuasion of her attendants in the ordinary duties of the day, however
+fitting they might be, such as sleeping, bathing, eating, putting on of
+ornaments, and the like, and, like a Lakshm&#299; of the lower world,
+ceaselessly upbraided divine love.<a class="noteref" id="xd21e2338src"
+href="#xd21e2338" name="xd21e2338src">177</a> But in her longing to
+take away the grief of my lord&rsquo;s heart, she did not show her sad
+change. Now, however, as it was the fourteenth day of the month, she
+went to worship holy Mah&#257;k&#257;la, and heard in a recitation of
+the Mah&#257;bh&#257;rata, &ldquo;No bright abodes await the childless,
+for a son is he who delivers from the sunless shades&rdquo;; and when
+she heard this, she returned to her palace, and now, though reverently
+entreated thereto by her attendants, she takes no pleasure in food, nor
+does she busy herself in putting on her jewels, nor does she vouchsafe
+to answer us; (<span>129</span>) she only weeps, and her face is
+clouded with a storm of ever-flowing tears. My lord has heard, and must
+judge.&rsquo; So saying, she ceased; and, with a long and passionate
+sigh, the king spoke thus:</p>
+<p>&lsquo;&ldquo;&lsquo;My queen, what can be done in a matter decreed
+by fate? Enough of this weeping beyond measure! For it is not on us
+that the gods are wont to bestow their favours. In truth, our heart is
+not destined to hold the bliss of that ambrosial draught, the embrace
+of a child of our own. In a former life no glorious deed was done; for
+a deed done in a former life brings forth fruit in man&rsquo;s life on
+earth; even the wisest man cannot change destiny. Let all be done that
+may be done in this mortal life. Do more honour to the gurus; redouble
+thy worship of the gods; let thy good works be seen in thy reverence to
+the &#7771;ishis; for the &#7771;ishis are a powerful deity, and if we
+serve them with all our might, they will give boons that fulfil our
+heart&rsquo;s desire, hard though it be to gain. (<span>130</span>) For
+the tale is an old one how King B&#7771;ihadratha in Magadha won by the
+power of Ca&#7751;&#7693;akau&ccedil;ika a son Jar&#257;sandha, victor
+of Vish&#7751;u, peerless in prowess, fatal to his foes.
+Da&ccedil;aratha, too, when very old, received by the favour of
+&#7770;ishya&ccedil;&#7771;inga, <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb54"
+href="#pb54" name="pb54">54</a>]</span>son of the great saint
+Vibh&#257;&#7751;&#7693;aka, four sons, unconquerable as the arms of
+N&#257;r&#257;ya&#7751;a, and unshaken as the depths of the
+oceans.<a class="noteref" id="xd21e2357src" href="#xd21e2357" name=
+"xd21e2357src">178</a> And many other royal sages, having conciliated
+ascetics, have enjoyed the happiness of tasting the ambrosia of the
+sight of a son. For the honour paid to saints is never without its
+reward.</p>
+<p>&lsquo;&ldquo;&lsquo;And for me, when shall I behold my queen ready
+to bear a child, pale as the fourteenth night when the rising of the
+full moon is at hand; and when will her attendants, hardly able to bear
+the joy of the great festival of the birth of my son, carry the full
+basket of gifts? When will my queen gladden me wearing yellow robes,
+and holding a son in her arms, like the sky with the newly-risen sun
+and the early sunlight; and when will a son give me joy of heart, with
+his curly hair yellow with many a plant, a few ashes mixed with
+mustard-seed on his palate, which has a drop of gh&#299; on it as a
+talisman, (<span>131</span>) and a thread bright with yellow dye round
+his neck, as he lies on his back and smiles with a little toothless
+mouth; when will this baby destroy all the darkness of sorrow in my
+eyes like an auspicious lamp welcomed by all the people, handed from
+one to another by the zenana attendants, shining tawny with yellow dye;
+and when will he adorn the courtyard, as he toddles round it, followed
+by my heart and my eyes, and gray with the dust of the court; and when
+will he walk from one place to another and the power of motion be
+formed in his knees, so that, like a young lion, he may try to catch
+the young tame deer screened behind the crystal walls? And when,
+running about at will in the courtyard, will he run after the tame
+geese, accompanied by the tinkling of the anklets of the zenana, and
+weary his nurse, who will hasten after him, following the sound of the
+bells of his golden girdle; (<span>132</span>) and when will he imitate
+the antics of a wild elephant, and have his cheeks adorned with a line
+of ichor painted in black aloe, full of joy at the sound of the bell
+held in his mouth, gray with the dust of sandal-wood scattered by his
+uplifted hand, shaking his <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb55" href=
+"#pb55" name="pb55">55</a>]</span>head at the beckoning of the hooked
+finger; and when will he disguise the faces of the old chamberlains
+with the juice of handfuls of lac left after being used to colour his
+mother&rsquo;s feet; and when, with eyes restless in curiosity, will he
+bend his glance on the inlaid floors, and with tottering steps pursue
+his own shadow; and when will he creep about during the audience in
+front of me as I stand in my audience-hall, with his eyes wandering
+bewildered by the rays of the gems, and have his coming welcomed by the
+outstretched arms of a thousand kings? Thinking on a hundred such
+desires, I pass my nights in suffering. Me, too, the grief arising from
+our want of children burns like a fire day and night. The world seems
+empty; I look on my kingdom as without fruit. But what can I do towards
+Brahm&#257;, from whom there is no appeal? Therefore, my queen, cease
+thy continual grief. Let thy heart be devoted to endurance and to duty.
+For increase of blessings is ever nigh at hand for those who set their
+thoughts on duty.&rsquo; (<span>133</span>) Thus saying, with a hand
+like a fresh tendril, he took water and wiped her tear-stained face,
+which showed as an opening lotus; and having comforted her again and
+again with many a speech sweet with a hundred endearments, skilled to
+drive away grief, and full of instruction about duty, he at last left
+her. And when he was gone, Vil&#257;savat&#299;&rsquo;s sorrow was a
+little soothed, and she went about her usual daily duties, such as
+putting on of her adornments. And from that time forth she was more and
+more devoted to propitiating the gods, honouring Brahmans, and paying
+reverence to all holy persons; whatever recommendation she heard from
+any source she practised in her longing for a child, nor did she count
+the fatigue, however great; she slept within the temples of Durg&#257;,
+dark with smoke of bdellium ceaselessly burnt, on a bed of clubs
+covered with green grass, fasting, her pure form clothed in white
+raiment; (<span>134</span>) she bathed under cows endued with
+auspicious marks, adorned for the occasion by the wives of the old
+cowherds in the herd-stations, with golden pitchers laden with all
+sorts of jewels, <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb56" href="#pb56" name=
+"pb56">56</a>]</span>decorated with branches of the pipal, decked with
+divers fruits and flowers and filled with holy water; every day she
+would rise and give to Brahmans golden mustard-leaves adorned with
+every gem; she stood in the midst of a circle drawn by the king
+himself, in a place where four roads meet, on the fourteenth night of
+the dark fortnight, and performed auspicious rites of bathing, in which
+the gods of the quarters were gladdened by the various oblations
+offered; she honoured the shrines of the siddhas and sought the houses
+of neighbouring M&#257;t&#7771;ik&#257;s,<a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e2379src" href="#xd21e2379" name="xd21e2379src">179</a> in which
+faith was displayed by the people; she bathed in all the celebrated
+snake-ponds; with a sun-wise turn, she worshipped the pipal and other
+trees to which honour was wont to be shown; after bathing, with hands
+circled by swaying bracelets, she herself gave to the birds an offering
+of curds and boiled rice placed in a silver cup; she offered daily to
+the goddess Durg&#257; a sacrifice consisting of parched grain of
+oblation, boiled rice, sesamum sweetmeats, cakes, unguents, incense,
+and flowers, in abundance; (<span>135</span>) she besought, with a mind
+prostrate in adoration, the naked wandering ascetics, bearing the name
+of siddhas, and carrying their begging-bowls filled by her; she greatly
+honoured the directions of fortune-tellers; she frequented all the
+soothsayers learned in signs; she showed all respect to those who
+understood the omens of birds; she accepted all the secrets handed down
+in the tradition of a succession of venerable sages; in her longing for
+the sight of a son, she made the Brahmans who came into her presence
+chant the Veda; she heard sacred stories incessantly repeated; she
+carried about little caskets of mantras filled with birch-leaves
+written over in yellow letters; she tied strings of medicinal plants as
+amulets; even her attendants went out to hear passing sounds and
+grasped the omens arising from them; she daily threw out lumps of flesh
+in the evening for the jackals; she told the pandits the wonders of her
+dreams, and at the cross-roads she offered oblation to &Ccedil;iva.</p>
+<p>&lsquo;&ldquo;And as time went on, it chanced once that near the
+<span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb57" href="#pb57" name=
+"pb57">57</a>]</span>end of night, when the sky was gray as an old
+pigeon&rsquo;s wing, and but few stars were left, the king saw in a
+dream the full moon entering the mouth of Vil&#257;savat&#299;, as she
+rested on the roof of her white palace, like a ball of lotus-fibres
+into the mouth of an elephant. (<span>136</span>) Thereupon he woke,
+and arising, shedding brightness through his dwelling by the joyous
+dilation of his eyes, he straightway called &Ccedil;ukan&#257;sa and
+told him the dream; whereto the latter, filled with sudden joy,
+replied: &lsquo;Sire, our wishes and those of thy subjects are at
+length fulfilled. After a few days my lord will doubtless experience
+the happiness of beholding the lotus-face of a son; for I, too, this
+night in a dream saw a white-robed Brahman, of godlike bearing and calm
+aspect, place in Manoram&#257;&rsquo;s<a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e2392src" href="#xd21e2392" name="xd21e2392src">180</a> lap a
+lotus that rained drops of honey, with a hundred outspread white
+petals, like the moon&rsquo;s digits, and a thousand quivering stamens
+forming its matted locks. Now, all auspicious omens which come to us
+foretell the near approach of joy; and what other cause of joy can
+there be than this? for dreams seen at the close of night are wont to
+bear fruit in truth. (<span>137</span>) Certainly ere long the queen
+shall bear a son that, like M&#257;ndh&#257;t&#7771;i, shall be a
+leader among all royal sages, and a cause of joy to all the world; and
+he shall gladden thy heart, O king, as the lotus-pool in autumn with
+its burst of fresh lotuses gladdens the royal elephant; by him thy
+kingly line shall become strong to bear the weight of the world, and
+shall be unbroken in its succession as the stream of a wild
+elephant&rsquo;s ichor.&rsquo; As he thus spoke, the king, taking him
+by the hand, entered the inner apartments and gladdened the queen, with
+both their dreams. And after some days, by the grace of the gods, the
+hope of a child came to Vil&#257;savat&#299;, like the moon&rsquo;s
+image on a lake, and she became thereby yet more glorious, like the
+line of the Nandana wood with the tree of Paradise, or the breast of
+Vish&#7751;u with the Kaustubha gem.</p>
+<p>(<span>138</span>) &lsquo;&ldquo;On one memorable day the king had
+gone at evening to an inner pavilion, where, encircled by a
+<span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb58" href="#pb58" name=
+"pb58">58</a>]</span>thousand lamps, burning bright with abundance of
+scented oil, he was like the full moon in the midst of stars, or like
+N&#257;r&#257;ya&#7751;a seated among the thousand jewelled hoods of
+the king of snakes; he was surrounded only by a few great kings who had
+received the sprinkling of coronation; his own attendants stood at some
+distance; close by &Ccedil;ukan&#257;sa was sitting on a high stool,
+clad in white silk, with little adornment, a statesman profound as the
+depths of ocean; and with him the king was holding a conversation on
+many topics, full of the confidence that had grown with their growth,
+when he was approached by the handmaiden Kulavardhan&#257;, the
+queen&rsquo;s chief attendant, always skilled in the ways of a court,
+well trained by nearness to royalty, and versed in all auspicious
+ceremonies, who whispered in his ear the news about
+Vil&#257;savat&#299;. (<span>139</span>) At her words, so fresh to his
+ears, the king&rsquo;s limbs were bedewed as if with ambrosia, a thrill
+passed through his whole body, and he was bewildered with the draught
+of joy; his cheeks burst into a smile; under the guise of the bright
+flash of his teeth he scattered abroad the happiness that overflowed
+his heart, and his eye, with its pupil quivering, and its lashes wet
+with tears of gladness, fell on the face of &Ccedil;ukan&#257;sa. And
+when &Ccedil;ukan&#257;sa saw the king&rsquo;s exceeding joy, such as
+he had never seen before, and beheld the approach of Kulavardhan&#257;
+with a radiant smile on her face, though he had not heard the tidings,
+yet, from constantly revolving the matter in his mind, he saw no other
+cause befitting the time of this excess of gladness; (<span>140</span>)
+he saw all, and bringing his seat closer to the king, said in a low
+voice: &lsquo;My lord, there is some truth in that dream; for
+Kulavardhan&#257; has her eyes radiant, and thy twin eyes announce a
+cause of great joy, for they are dilated, their pupils are tremulous,
+and they are bathed in tears of joy, and as they seem to creep to the
+lobes of thy ears in their eagerness to hear the good tidings, they
+produce, as it were, the beauty of an ear-pendant of blue lotuses. My
+longing heart yearns to hear the festival that has sprung up for it.
+Therefore let my lord tell me what is this news.&rsquo; When he had
+thus <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb59" href="#pb59" name=
+"pb59">59</a>]</span>said, the king replied with a smile: &lsquo;If it
+is true as she says, then all our dream is true; but I cannot believe
+it. How should so great a happiness fall to our lot? For we are no
+fitting vessel for the bearing of such good tidings. Kulavardhan&#257;
+is always truthful, and yet when I consider how unworthy I am of such
+joy, I look upon her as having changed her nature. Rise, therefore; I
+myself will go and ask the queen if it is true, and then I shall
+know.&rsquo; (<span>141</span>) So saying, he dismissed all the kings,
+and taking off his ornaments, gave them to Kulavardhan&#257;, and when,
+on his gracious dismissal of her with gifts, he received her homage
+paid with a deep reverence as she touched the earth with her straight
+brow, he rose with &Ccedil;ukan&#257;sa and went to the inner
+apartments, hurried on by a mind filled with exceeding happiness, and
+gladdened by the throbbing of his right eye, which seemed to mimic the
+play of a blue lotus-petal stirred by the wind. He was followed by a
+scanty retinue, as befitted so late a visit, and had the thick darkness
+of the courtyard dispelled by the brightness of the lamps of the women
+who went before him, though their steady flame flickered in the
+wind.&rdquo;&rsquo;</p>
+<p class="tb"></p>
+<p>[B&#257;&#7751;a then describes the birth of
+T&#257;r&#257;p&#299;&#7693;a&rsquo;s son, who is named
+Candr&#257;p&#299;&#7693;a, from the king&rsquo;s dream about the moon,
+and also that of &Ccedil;ukan&#257;sa&rsquo;s son
+Vai&ccedil;amp&#257;yana.<a class="noteref" id="xd21e2422src" href=
+"#xd21e2422" name="xd21e2422src">181</a>]</p>
+<p class="tb"></p>
+<p>(<span>155</span>) &lsquo;&ldquo;And as Candr&#257;p&#299;&#7693;a
+underwent in due course all the circle of ceremonies, beginning with
+the tying of his top-knot, his childhood passed away; and to prevent
+distraction, T&#257;r&#257;p&#299;&#7693;a had built for him a palace
+of learning outside the city, stretching half a league along the
+Sipr&#257; river, surrounded by a wall of white bricks like the circle
+of peaks of a snow-mountain, girt with a great moat running along the
+walls, guarded by very strong gates, having one door kept open for
+ingress, with stables for horses and palanquins close by, and a
+gymnasium constructed beneath&mdash;a fit palace for the immortals. He
+took infinite pains in gathering there teachers of every science, and
+having placed <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb60" href="#pb60" name=
+"pb60">60</a>]</span>the boy there, like a young lion in a cage,
+forbidding all egress, surrounding him with a suite composed mainly of
+the sons of his teachers, removing every allurement to the sports of
+boyhood, and keeping his mind free from distraction, on an auspicious
+day (<span>156</span>) he entrusted him, together with
+Vai&ccedil;amp&#257;yana, to masters, that they might acquire all
+knowledge. Every day when he rose, the king, with Vil&#257;savat&#299;
+and a small retinue, went to watch him, and Candr&#257;p&#299;&#7693;a,
+undisturbed in mind and kept to his work by the king, quickly grasped
+all the sciences taught him by teachers, whose efforts were quickened
+by his great powers, as they brought to light his natural abilities;
+the whole range of arts assembled in his mind as in a pure jewelled
+mirror. He gained the highest skill in word, sentence, proof, law, and
+royal policy; in gymnastics; in all kinds of weapons, such as the bow,
+quoit, shield, scimitar, dart, mace, battle-axe, and club; in driving
+and elephant-riding; in musical instruments, such as the lute, fife,
+drum, cymbal, and pipe; in the laws of dancing laid down by Bharata and
+others, and the science of music, such as that of N&#257;rada; in the
+management of elephants, the knowledge of a horse&rsquo;s age, and the
+marks of men; in painting, leaf-cutting, the use of books, and writing;
+in all the arts of gambling, knowledge of the cries of birds, and
+astronomy; in testing of jewels, (<span>157</span>) carpentry, the
+working of ivory; in architecture, physic, mechanics, antidotes,
+mining, crossing of rivers, leaping and jumping, and sleight of hand;
+in stories, dramas, romances, poems; in the Mah&#257;bh&#257;rata, the
+Pur&#257;&#7751;as, the Itih&#257;sas, and the
+R&#257;m&#257;ya&#7751;a; in all kinds of writing, all foreign
+languages, all technicalities, all mechanical arts; in metre, and in
+every other art. And while he ceaselessly studied, even in his
+childhood an inborn vigour like that of Bh&#299;ma shone forth in him
+and stirred the world to wonder. For when he was but in play the young
+elephants, who had attacked him as if he were a lion&rsquo;s whelp, had
+their limbs bowed down by his grasp on their ears, and could not move;
+with one stroke of his scimitar he cut down palm-trees as <span class=
+"pagenum">[<a id="pb61" href="#pb61" name="pb61">61</a>]</span>if they
+were lotus-stalks; his shafts, like those of Para&ccedil;ur&#257;ma
+when he blazed to consume the forest of earth&rsquo;s royal stems,
+cleft only the loftiest peaks; he exercised himself with an iron club
+which ten men were needed to lift; and, except in bodily strength, he
+was followed close in all his accomplishments by
+Vai&ccedil;amp&#257;yana, (<span>158</span>) who, by reason of the
+honour Candr&#257;p&#299;&#7693;a felt for his deep learning, and of
+his reverence due to &Ccedil;ukan&#257;sa, and because they had played
+in the dust and grown up together, was the prince&rsquo;s chief friend,
+and, as it were, his second heart, and the home of all his confidences.
+He would not be without Vai&ccedil;amp&#257;yana for a moment, while
+Vai&ccedil;amp&#257;yana never for an instant ceased to follow him, any
+more than the day would cease to follow the sun.</p>
+<p>&lsquo;&ldquo;And while Candr&#257;p&#299;&#7693;a was thus pursuing
+his acquaintance with all knowledge, the spring of youth, loved of the
+three worlds as the am&#7771;ita draught of the ocean, gladdening the
+hearts of men as moonrise gladdens the gloaming; transient in change of
+iridescent glow, like the full arch of Indra&rsquo;s bow to the rainy
+season; weapon of love, like the outburst of flowers to the tree of
+desire; beautiful in ever freshly revealed glow, like sunrise to the
+lotus-grove; ready for all play of graceful motion, like the plumes of
+the peacock, became manifest and brought to flower in him, fair as he
+was, a double beauty; love, lord of the hour, stood ever nigh, as if to
+do his bidding; his chest expanded like his beauty; his limbs won
+fulness, like the wishes of his friends; his waist became slender, like
+the host of his foes; (<span>159</span>) his form broadened, like his
+liberality; his majesty grew, like his hair; his arms hung down more
+and more, like the plaits of his enemies&rsquo; wives; his eyes became
+brighter, like his conduct; his shoulders broad, like his knowledge;
+and his heart deep, like his voice.</p>
+<p>&lsquo;&ldquo;And so in due course the king, learning that
+Candr&#257;p&#299;&#7693;a had grown to youth, and had completed his
+knowledge of all the arts, studied all the sciences, and won great
+praise from his teachers, summoned Bal&#257;haka, a mighty warrior,
+and, with a large escort of cavalry and infantry, sent him <span class=
+"pagenum">[<a id="pb62" href="#pb62" name="pb62">62</a>]</span>on a
+very auspicious day to fetch the prince. And Bal&#257;haka, going to
+the palace of learning, entered, announced by the porters, and bending
+his head till its crest-jewels rested on the ground, sat down, by the
+prince&rsquo;s permission, on a seat befitting his office, as
+reverently as though in the king&rsquo;s presence; after a short pause
+he approached Candr&#257;p&#299;&#7693;a and respectfully gave the
+king&rsquo;s message: &lsquo;Prince, the king bids me say: &ldquo;Our
+desires are fulfilled; the &ccedil;&#257;stras have been studied; all
+the arts have been learnt; thou hast gained the highest skill in all
+the martial sciences. (<span>160</span>) All thy teachers give thee
+permission to leave the house of learning. Let the people see that thou
+hast received thy training, like a young royal elephant come out from
+the enclosure, having in thy mind the whole orb of the arts, like the
+full moon newly risen. Let the eyes of the world, long eager to behold
+thee, fulfil their true function; for all the zenanas are yearning for
+thy sight. This is now the tenth year of thine abode in the school, and
+thou didst enter it having reached the experience of thy sixth year.
+This year, then, so reckoned, is the sixteenth of thy life. Now,
+therefore, when thou hast come forth and shown thyself to all the
+mothers longing to see thee, and hast saluted those who deserve thy
+honour, do thou lay aside thy early discipline, and experience at thy
+will the pleasures of the court and the delights of fresh youth. Pay
+thy respects to the chiefs; honour the Brahmans; protect thy people;
+gladden thy kinsfolk. There stands at the door, sent by the king, this
+horse, named Indr&#257;yudha, swift as Garu&#7693;a or as the wind, the
+chief jewel of the three worlds; (<span>161</span>) for in truth the
+monarch of Persia, who esteemed him the wonder of the universe, sent
+him with this message: &lsquo;This noble steed, sprung straight from
+the waters of ocean, was found by me, and is worthy for thee, O king,
+to mount;&rsquo; and when he was shown to those skilled in a
+horse&rsquo;s points, they said: &lsquo;He has all the marks of which
+men tell us as belonging to Uccaih&#803;&ccedil;ravas; there never has
+been nor will be a steed like him.&rsquo; Therefore let him be honoured
+by thy mounting <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb63" href="#pb63" name=
+"pb63">63</a>]</span>him. These thousand princes, all sons of anointed
+kings, highly-trained, heroic, wise, and accomplished, and of long
+descent, sent for thine escort, wait on horseback, all eager to salute
+thee.&rdquo;&rsquo; Having thus said, Bal&#257;haka paused, and
+Candr&#257;p&#299;&#7693;a, laying his father&rsquo;s command on his
+head, in a voice deep as a new cloud gave the order, &lsquo;Let
+Indr&#257;yudha be brought,&rsquo; for he desired to mount him.</p>
+<p>&lsquo;&ldquo;Immediately on his command Indr&#257;yudha was
+brought, and he beheld that wondrous steed, led by two men on each side
+grasping the circle of the bit, and using all their efforts to curb
+him. He was very large, his back being just within reach of a
+man&rsquo;s uplifted hand; he seemed to drink the sky, which was on a
+level with his mouth; with a neigh which shook the cavity of his belly,
+and filled the hollows of the three worlds, he, as it were, upbraided
+Garu&#7693;a for his vain trust in his fabled speed; (<span>162</span>)
+with a nostril snorting in wrath at any hindrance to his course, he, in
+his pride, examined the three worlds, that he might leap over them; his
+body was variegated with streaks of black, yellow, green, and pink,
+like Indra&rsquo;s bow; he was like a young elephant, with a many-hued
+rug spread over him; like &Ccedil;iva&rsquo;s bull, pink with metallic
+dust from butting at Kail&#257;sa&rsquo;s peaks; like
+P&#257;rvat&#299;&rsquo;s lion, with his mane crimsoned with the red
+streak of the demon&rsquo;s clotted blood; and like the very
+incarnation of all energy, with a sound emitted from his ever-quivering
+nostrils, he seemed to pour forth the wind inhaled in his swift course;
+he scattered the foam-flakes that frothed from his lips from the
+champing of the points of the bit which rattled as he rolled it in his
+mouth, as if they were mouthfuls of ambrosia drunk in his ocean home.
+(<span>164</span>) And, beholding this steed, whose like was never
+before seen, in form fit for the gods, meet for the kingdom of the
+whole universe, (<span>165</span>) possessed of all the favourable
+marks, the perfection of a horse&rsquo;s shape, the heart of
+Candr&#257;p&#299;&#7693;a, though of a nature not easily moved, was
+touched with amazement, and the thought arose in his mind: &lsquo;What
+jewel, if not this wondrous horse, was brought up by the Suras and
+Asuras <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb64" href="#pb64" name=
+"pb64">64</a>]</span>when they churned the waters of ocean and whirled
+round Mount Mandara with the serpent V&#257;suki revolving in ceaseless
+gyration? And what has Indra gained by his lordship of the three worlds
+if he did not mount this back, broad as Mount Meru? Surely Indra was
+cheated by the ocean when his heart was gladdened by
+Uccaih&#803;&ccedil;ravas! And I think that so far he has not crossed
+the sight of holy N&#257;r&#257;ya&#7751;a, who even now does not give
+up his infatuation for riding Garu&#7693;a. My father&rsquo;s royal
+glory surpasses the riches of the kingdom of heaven, in that treasures
+such as this, which can hardly be gained in the whole universe, come
+here into servitude. From its magnificence and energy, this form of his
+seems the shrine of a god, and the truth of this makes me fear to mount
+him. For forms like this, fit for the gods and the wonder of the
+universe, belong to no common horse. Even deities, subject to a
+muni&rsquo;s curse, have been known to leave their own bodies and
+inhabit other bodies brought to them by the terms of the curse.
+(<span>166</span>) For there is a story of old how
+Sth&#363;la&ccedil;iras, a muni of great austerity, cursed an Apsaras
+named Rambh&#257;, the ornament of the three worlds; and she, leaving
+heaven, entered the heart of a horse, and thus, as the story goes,
+dwelt for a long time on earth as a mare, in the service of King
+&Ccedil;atadhanvan, at M&#7771;ittik&#257;vat&#299;; and many other
+great-souled beings, having had their glory destroyed by the curse of
+munis, have roamed the world in various forms. Surely this must be some
+noble being subject to a curse! My heart declares his divinity.&rsquo;
+Thus thinking, he rose, wishing to mount; and in mind only approaching
+the steed, he prayed thus: &lsquo;Noble charger, thou art that thou
+art! All hail to thee! Yet let my audacity in mounting thee be
+forgiven! for even deities whose presence is unknown taste of a
+contumely all unmeet for them.&rsquo;</p>
+<p>&lsquo;&ldquo;As if knowing his thought, Indr&#257;yudha looked at
+him with eye askance, the pupil turned and partly closed by the lashing
+of his tossing mane, (<span>167</span>) and repeatedly struck the
+ground with his right hoof, till the hair on his chest <span class=
+"pagenum">[<a id="pb65" href="#pb65" name="pb65">65</a>]</span>was gray
+with the dust it cast up, as though summoning the prince to mount, with
+a pleasant whinnying long drawn out into a gentle soft murmur blent
+with the snorting of his quivering nostrils. Whereupon
+Candr&#257;p&#299;&#7693;a mounted Indr&#257;yudha, as though invited
+thereunto by his pleasant neighing; and, having mounted, he passed out,
+thinking the whole universe but a span long, and beheld a cavalcade of
+which the furthest limits could not be seen; it deafened the hollows of
+the three worlds with the clatter of hoofs breaking up the earth,
+fierce as a shower of stones let fall from the clouds, and with a
+neighing sounding the fiercer from nostrils choked with dust; it decked
+the sky with a forest of lances all horrent, whose shafts gleamed
+bright when touched by the sun, like a lake half hidden in a grove of
+blue lotus-buds upborne on their stalks; from its darkening the eight
+quarters with its thousand umbrellas all raised, it was like a mass of
+clouds iridescent with the full arch of Indra&rsquo;s bow shining on
+them; (<span>168</span>) while from the horses&rsquo; mouths being
+white with foam-flakes cast abroad, and from the undulating line of
+their ceaseless curvetting, it rose to sight like a mass of ocean
+billows in the flood of final destruction; all the horses were in
+motion at Candr&#257;p&#299;&#7693;a&rsquo;s approach, as the waves of
+ocean at the moon&rsquo;s rising; and the princes, each wishing to be
+first in their eagerness to pay their homage, having their heads
+unprotected by the hasty removal of their umbrellas, and weary with
+trying to curb their horses, which were wild with trampling on each
+other, drew around the prince. As Bal&#257;haka presented each by name,
+they bowed, bending low their heads, which showed the glow of loyalty
+under the guise of the rays uprising from the rubies in their waving
+crests, and which, from their having buds held up in adoration, were
+like lotuses resting on the water in the pitchers of coronation. Having
+saluted them, Candr&#257;p&#299;&#7693;a, accompanied by
+Vai&ccedil;amp&#257;yana, also mounted, straightway set out for the
+city. (<span>169</span>) He was shaded by a very large umbrella with a
+gold stick, borne above him, formed like the lotus on which royal glory
+might dwell, <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb66" href="#pb66" name=
+"pb66">66</a>]</span>like the moon&rsquo;s orb to the moon-lotus grove
+of royal races, like an island being formed by the flow of the
+cavalcade, in hue like the circle of V&#257;suki&rsquo;s hood whitened
+by the sea of milk, garlanded with many a rope of pearls, bearing the
+device of a lion designed above. The flowers in his ears were set
+dancing by the wind of the cowries waved on either side, and his
+praises were sung by many thousands of retainers running before him,
+young, for the most part, and brave, and by the bards, who ceaselessly
+recited aloud auspicious verses, with a soft cry of &lsquo;Long life
+and victory.&rsquo;</p>
+<p>&lsquo;&ldquo;And as he passed on his way to the city, like a
+manifestation of the god of love no longer bodiless,<a class="noteref"
+id="xd21e2496src" href="#xd21e2496" name="xd21e2496src">182</a> all the
+people, like a lotus-grove awakened by the moon&rsquo;s rising, left
+their work and gathered to behold him.</p>
+<p>&lsquo;&ldquo;&lsquo;K&#257;rtikeya scorns the name of
+Kum&#257;ra,<a class="noteref" id="xd21e2501src" href="#xd21e2501"
+name="xd21e2501src">183</a> since his own form is looked on with scorn
+by the throng of lotus-faces when this prince is by. Surely we reap the
+reward of great virtue in that we behold that godlike form with eyes
+wide with the overflow of love sprung up within us, and upraised in
+eager curiosity. (<span>170</span>) Our birth in this world has now
+brought forth its fruit. Nevertheless, all hail to blessed
+K&#7771;ish&#7751;a, who in the guise of Candr&#257;p&#299;&#7693;a has
+assumed a new form!&rsquo; With such words the city folk folded their
+hands in adoration and bowed before him. And from the thousand windows
+which were unclosed from curiosity to behold
+Candr&#257;p&#299;&#7693;a, the city itself became as it were a mass of
+open eyes; for straightway on hearing that he had left the palace of
+learning filled with all knowledge, women eager to see him mounted the
+roofs hastily throughout the city, leaving their half-done work; some
+with mirrors in their left hand were like the nights of the full moon,
+when the moon&rsquo;s whole orb is gleaming; some, with feet roseate
+with fresh lac, were like lotus-buds whose flowers had drunk the early
+sunlight; some, with their tender feet <span class="pagenum">[<a id=
+"pb67" href="#pb67" name="pb67">67</a>]</span>enmeshed in the bells of
+their girdle, fallen to the ground in their haste, were like elephants
+moving very slowly, checked by their chain; some were robed in rainbow
+hues, like the beauty of a day in the rainy season; some raised feet
+that blossomed into the white rays of their nails, like tame
+kalaham&#803;sas drawn by the sound of the anklets; (<span>171</span>)
+some held strings of large pearls in their hands, as if in imitation of
+Rati with her crystal rosary grasped in grief for the death of Love;
+some, with wreaths of pearls falling between their breasts, were like
+the glory of evening when the pairs of cakrav&#257;kas are separated by
+a pure slender stream; some, with rainbow flashes rising from the gems
+of their anklets, shone as if lovingly accompanied by tame peacocks;
+some, with their jewelled cups half drunk, distilled, as it were, from
+their rosy flower-like lips a sweet nectar. Others, too, with their
+orbed faces appearing at the interstices of the emerald lattices,
+presented to the eyes a lotus-grove with its opening buds traversing
+the sky, as they gazed on the prince. On a sudden there arose a
+tinkling of ornaments born of hasty motion, with many a sound of lutes
+struck sweetly on their chords, blended with the cry of cranes summoned
+by the clanging of the girdles, accompanied by the noise of peacocks
+shut up in the zenana and rejoicing in the thunder caused by the stairs
+being struck by stumbling feet, (<span>172</span>) soft with the murmur
+of kalaham&#803;sas fluttering in fear of the clash of fresh clouds,
+imitating the triumphant cry of Love, taking captive the ears of lovely
+women with their ropes of jewels resounding shrilly as they touched one
+another, and re-echoing through all the corners of the houses. In a
+moment the dense throng of maidens made the palaces seem walled with
+women; the ground seemed to blossom by the laying on it of their
+lac-strewn lotus-feet; the city seemed girt with grace by the stream of
+fair forms; the sky seemed all moon by the throng of orbed faces; the
+circle of space seemed a lotus-grove by reason of the hands all raised
+to ward off the heat; the sunshine seemed robed in rainbows by the mass
+of rays from the jewels, and the day seemed <span class=
+"pagenum">[<a id="pb68" href="#pb68" name="pb68">68</a>]</span>formed
+of blue lotus-petals by the long line of bright glances. As the women
+gazed on him with eyes fixed and widened in curiosity, the form of
+Candr&#257;p&#299;&#7693;a entered into their hearts as though they
+were mirrors or water or crystal; and as the glow of love manifested
+itself there, their graceful speech became straightway mirthful,
+confidential, confused, envious, scornful, derisive, coquettish,
+loving, or full of longing. (<span>173</span>) As, for instance:
+&lsquo;Hasty one, wait for me! Drunk with gazing, hold thy mantle!
+Simpleton, lift up the long tresses that hang about thy face! Remove
+thy moon-digit ornament! Blinded with love, thy feet are caught in the
+flowers of thine offering, and thou wilt fall! Love-distraught, tie up
+thy hair! Intent on the sight of Candr&#257;p&#299;&#7693;a, raise thy
+girdle! Naughty one, lift up the ear-flower waving on thy cheek!
+Heartless one, pick up thine earring! Eager in youth, thou art being
+watched! Cover thy bosom! Shameless one, gather up thy loosened robe!
+Artfully artless, go on quicker! Inquisitive girl, take another look at
+the king! Insatiable, how long wilt thou look? Fickle-hearted, think of
+thine own people! Impish girl, thy mantle has fallen, and thou art
+mocked! Thou whose eyes art filled with love, seest thou not thy
+friends? Maiden full of guile, thou wilt live in sorrow with thy heart
+in causeless torment! Thou who feignest coyness, what mean thy crafty
+glances? (<span>174</span>) look boldly! Bright with youth, why rest
+thy weight against us? Angry one, go in front! Envious girl, why block
+up the window? Slave of love, thou bringest my outer robe to utter
+ruin! Drunk with love&rsquo;s breath, restrain thyself! Devoid of
+self-control, why run before thine elders? Bright in strength, why so
+confused? Silly girl, hide the thrill of love&rsquo;s fever!
+Ill-behaved girl, why thus weary thyself? Changeful one, thy girdle
+presseth thee, and thou sufferest vainly! Absent-minded, thou heedest
+not thyself, though outside thy house! Lost in curiosity, thou hast
+forgotten how to breathe! Thou whose eyes art closed in the happy
+imagination of union with thy beloved, open them! He <span class=
+"pagenum">[<a id="pb69" href="#pb69" name="pb69">69</a>]</span>is
+passing! Bereft of sense by the stroke of love&rsquo;s arrow, place the
+end of thy silken robe on thy head to keep off the sun&rsquo;s rays!
+Thou who hast taken the vow of <i>Sat&#299;</i>, thou lettest thine
+eyes wander, not seeing what is to be seen! Wretched one, thou art cast
+down by the vow not to gaze on other men! Vouchsafe to rise, dear
+friend, and to look at the blessed fish-bannered god,<a class="noteref"
+id="xd21e2538src" href="#xd21e2538" name="xd21e2538src">184</a> without
+his banner and bereft of Rati, visibly present. (<span>175</span>) His
+crest of m&#257;lat&#299; flowers under his umbrella looks like a mass
+of moonbeams fallen in under the idea that night has set in, on his
+head dark with swarms of bees. His cheek is fair as a garland of open
+&ccedil;ir&#299;sha flowers touched with green by the splendour of his
+emerald earring. Our youthful glow of love, under the guise of rich
+ruby rays among the pearl necklaces, shines out eager to enter his
+heart. It is so seen by him among the cowries. Moreover, what is he
+laughing at as he talks to Vai&ccedil;amp&#257;yana, so that the circle
+of space is whitened with his bright teeth? Bal&#257;haka, with the
+edge of his silken mantle green as a parrot&rsquo;s plumage, is
+removing from the tips of his hair the dust raised by the horses&rsquo;
+hoofs. His bough-like foot, soft as Lakshm&#299;&rsquo;s lotus-hand, is
+raised and sportively cast athwart his horse&rsquo;s shoulder. His
+hand, with tapering fingers and bright as pink lotus-buds, is
+outstretched to its full length to ask for betel-nut, just as an
+elephant&rsquo;s trunk in eagerness for mouthfuls of vallisneria.
+(<span>176</span>) Happy is she who, a fellow-bride with earth, shall,
+like Lakshm&#299;, win that hand outvying the lotus! Happy, too, is
+Queen Vil&#257;savat&#299;, by whom he who is able to bear the whole
+earth was nourished in birth, as the elephant of the quarters by
+Space!&rsquo;</p>
+<p>&lsquo;&ldquo;And as they uttered these and other sayings of the
+same kind, Candr&#257;p&#299;&#7693;a, drunk in by their eyes, summoned
+by the tinkling of their ornaments, followed by their hearts, bound by
+the ropes of the rays of their jewels, honoured with the offering of
+their fresh youth, bestrewn with flowers and rice in salutation like a
+marriage fire, advancing step <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb70" href=
+"#pb70" name="pb70">70</a>]</span>by step on a mass of white bracelets
+slipping from their languid arms, reached the palace.&rdquo;&rsquo;</p>
+<hr class="tb">
+<p>[Dismounting and leaning on Vai&ccedil;amp&#257;yana, he entered the
+court, preceded by Bal&#257;haka, and passing through the crowd of
+attendant kings, beheld his father seated on a white couch and attended
+by his guards.<a class="noteref" id="xd21e2556src" href="#xd21e2556"
+name="xd21e2556src">185</a>]</p>
+<hr class="tb">
+<p>&lsquo;&ldquo;(<span>189</span>) And on the chamberlain&rsquo;s
+saying &lsquo;Behold him!&rsquo; the prince, with his head bent low,
+and its crest shaking, while yet afar off made his salutation, and his
+father, crying from afar, &lsquo;Come, come hither!&rsquo; stretched
+forth both arms, raised himself slightly from his couch, while his eyes
+filled with tears of joy and a thrill passed over his body, and
+embraced his reverently-bent son as though he would bind him
+fast<a class="noteref" id="xd21e2566src" href="#xd21e2566" name=
+"xd21e2566src">186</a> and absorb him, and drink him in. And after the
+embrace, Candr&#257;p&#299;&#7693;a sat down on the bare ground by his
+father&rsquo;s footstool, kicking away the cloak which had been rolled
+up and hastily made into a seat by his own betel-nut bearer, and softly
+bidding her take it away; (<span>190</span>) and then
+Vai&ccedil;amp&#257;yana, being embraced by the king like his own son,
+sat down on a seat placed for him. When he had been there a short time,
+assailed, as it were, by glances from the women who stood motionless,
+with the waving of the cowries forgotten, glances of love, long as
+strings of lotus stirred by the wind, from fine eyes tremulous and
+askant, he was dismissed with the words, &lsquo;Go, my son, salute thy
+loving mother, who longs to see thee, and then in turn gladden all who
+nurtured thee by thy sight.&rsquo; Respectfully rising, and stopping
+his suite from following him, he went with Vai&ccedil;amp&#257;yana to
+the zenana, led by the royal servants meet to enter therein, and
+approaching his mother, saluted her&rdquo;&rsquo; [as she sat
+surrounded by her attendants and by aged ascetic women, who read and
+recited legends to her<a class="noteref" id="xd21e2572src" href=
+"#xd21e2572" name="xd21e2572src">187</a>].</p>
+<p>&lsquo;&ldquo;(<span>191</span>) She raised him, while her
+attendants, skilled in doing her commands, stood around her, and, with
+a loving <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb71" href="#pb71" name=
+"pb71">71</a>]</span>caress, held him in a long embrace, as though
+thinking inwardly of a hundred auspicious words to say, and
+straightway, when the claims of affection had been satisfied, and she
+had embraced Vai&ccedil;amp&#257;yana, she sat down, and drew
+Candr&#257;p&#299;&#7693;a, who was reverently seated on the ground,
+forcibly and against his will to rest in her arms; (<span>192</span>)
+and when Vai&ccedil;amp&#257;yana was seated on a stool quickly brought
+by the attendants, she embraced Candr&#257;p&#299;&#7693;a again and
+again on brow, breast, and shoulders, and said, with many a caressing
+touch: &lsquo;Hard-hearted, my child, was thy father, by whom so fair a
+form, meet to be cherished by the whole universe, was made to undergo
+great fatigue for so long! How didst thou endure the tedious restraint
+of thy gurus? Indeed, young as thou art, thou hast a strong man&rsquo;s
+fortitude! Thy heart, even in childhood, has lost all idle liking for
+childish amusement and play. Ah well, all devotion to natural and
+spiritual parents is something apart; and as I now see thee endowed, by
+thy father&rsquo;s favour, with all knowledge, so I shall soon see thee
+endowed with worthy wives.&rsquo; Having thus said as he bent his head,
+smiling half in shame, she kissed him on the cheek, which was a full
+reflection of her own, and garlanded with open lotuses; and he, when he
+had stayed a short time, gladdened in turn by his presence the whole
+zenana. Then, departing by the royal door, he mounted Indr&#257;yudha,
+who was standing outside, and, followed by the princes, went to see
+&Ccedil;ukan&#257;sa,&rdquo;&rsquo; [and at the gate of an outer court,
+filled with priests of many sects, he dismounted<a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e2586src" href="#xd21e2586" name="xd21e2586src">188</a>]
+&lsquo;&ldquo;(<span>194</span>) and entered the palace of
+&Ccedil;ukan&#257;sa, which resembled a second royal court. On entering
+he saluted &Ccedil;ukan&#257;sa like a second father as he stood in the
+midst of thousands of kings, showing him all respect, with his crest
+bent low even from afar. &Ccedil;ukan&#257;sa, quickly rising, while
+the kings rose one after another, and respectfully advancing straight
+to him, with tears of joy falling from eyes wide with gladness,
+heartily, and with great affection, embraced him, together with
+Vai&ccedil;amp&#257;yana. Then the prince, rejecting <span class=
+"pagenum">[<a id="pb72" href="#pb72" name="pb72">72</a>]</span>the
+jewelled seat respectfully brought, sat on the bare ground, and next to
+him sat Vai&ccedil;amp&#257;yana; and when he sat on the ground, the
+whole circle of kings, except &Ccedil;ukan&#257;sa, leaving their own
+seats, sat also on the ground. &Ccedil;ukan&#257;sa stood silent for a
+moment, showing his extreme joy by the thrill that passed over his
+limbs, and then said to the prince: &lsquo;Truly, my child, now that
+King T&#257;r&#257;p&#299;&#7693;a has seen thee grown to youth and
+possessed of knowledge, he has at length gained the fruit of his rule
+over the universe. Now all the blessings of thy parents have been
+fulfilled. Now the merit acquired in many other births has borne fruit.
+Now the gods of thy race are content. (<span>195</span>) For they who,
+like thee, astonish the three worlds, do not become the sons of the
+unworthy. For where is thy age? and where thy superhuman power and thy
+capacity of reaching boundless knowledge? Yea, blessed are those
+subjects who have thee for their protector, one like unto Bharata and
+Bhag&#299;ratha. What bright deed of merit was done by Earth that she
+has won thee as lord? Surely, Lakshm&#299; is destroyed by persisting
+in the caprice of dwelling in Vish&#7751;u&rsquo;s bosom, that she does
+not approach thee in mortal form! But, nevertheless, do thou with thine
+arm, as the Great Boar with his circle of tusks, bear up for myriads of
+ages the weight of the earth, helping thy father.&rsquo; Thus saying,
+and offering homage with ornaments, dresses, flowers, and unguents, he
+dismissed him. Thereupon the prince, rising, and entering the zenana,
+visited Vai&ccedil;amp&#257;yana&rsquo;s mother, by name Manoram&#257;,
+and, departing, mounted Indr&#257;yudha, and went to his palace. It had
+been previously arranged by his father, and had white jars filled and
+placed on the gates, like an image of the royal palace; it had garlands
+of green sandal boughs, thousands of white flags flying, and filled the
+air with the sound of auspicious instruments of music; open lotuses
+were strewn in it. A sacrifice to Agni had just been performed, every
+attendant was in bright apparel, every auspicious ceremony for entering
+a house had been prepared. On his arrival he sat for a short time on a
+couch placed in the hall, and <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb73" href=
+"#pb73" name="pb73">73</a>]</span>then, together with his princely
+retinue, performed the day&rsquo;s duties, beginning with bathing and
+ending with a banquet; (<span>196</span>) and meanwhile he arranged
+that Indr&#257;yudha should dwell in his own chamber.</p>
+<p>&lsquo;&ldquo;And in these doings of his the day came to a close;
+the sun&rsquo;s orb fell with lifted rays like the ruby
+anklet&mdash;its interstices veiled in its own light&mdash;of the Glory
+of Day, as she hastens from the sky. (<span>198</span>) And when
+evening had begun, Candr&#257;p&#299;&#7693;a, encircled by a fence of
+lighted lamps, went on foot to the king&rsquo;s palace,
+(<span>199</span>) and having stayed a short time with his father, and
+seen Vil&#257;savat&#299;, he returned to his own house and lay down on
+a couch, many-hued with the radiance of various gems, like
+K&#7771;ish&#7751;a on the circle of &Ccedil;esha&rsquo;s hoods.</p>
+<p>&lsquo;&ldquo;And when night had turned to dawn, he, with his
+father&rsquo;s leave, rose before sunrise, in eagerness for the new
+delight of hunting, and, mounting Indr&#257;yudha, went to the wood
+with a great retinue of runners, horses, and elephants. His eagerness
+was doubled by huntsmen leading in a golden leash hounds large as
+asses. With arrows whose shafts were bright as the leaves of a
+blossoming lotus, and fit to cleave the frontal bones of young wild
+elephants, he slew wild boars, lions, &ccedil;arabhas,<a class=
+"noteref" id="xd21e2613src" href="#xd21e2613" name=
+"xd21e2613src">189</a> yaks, and many other kinds of deer by thousands,
+(<span>200</span>) while the woodland goddesses looked at him with
+half-closed eyes, fluttered by fear of the twanging of his bow. Other
+animals by his great energy he took alive. And when the sun reached the
+zenith, he rode home from the wood (<span>201</span>) with but a few
+princes who were well mounted, going over the events of the chase,
+saying: &lsquo;Thus I killed a lion, thus a bear, thus a buffalo, thus
+a &ccedil;arabha, thus a stag.&rsquo;</p>
+<p>&lsquo;&ldquo;On dismounting, he sat down on a seat brought hastily
+by his attendants, took off his corselet, and removed the rest of his
+riding apparel; he then rested a short time, till his weariness was
+removed by the wind of waving fans; having rested, he went to the
+bathroom, provided with a <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb74" href=
+"#pb74" name="pb74">74</a>]</span>hundred pitchers of gold, silver, and
+jewels, and having a gold seat placed in its midst. And when the bath
+was over, and he had been rubbed in a separate room with cloths, his
+head was covered with a strip of pure linen, his raiment was put on,
+and he performed his homage to the gods; and when he entered the
+perfuming-room, there approached him the court women attendants,
+appointed by the grand chamberlain and sent by the king, slaves of
+Vil&#257;savat&#299;, with Kulavardhan&#257;, and zenana women sent
+from the whole zenana, bearing in baskets different ornaments, wreaths,
+unguents, and robes, which they presented to him. Having taken them in
+due order from the women, he first himself anointed
+Vai&ccedil;amp&#257;yana. When his own anointing was done, and giving
+to those around him flowers, perfumes, robes, and jewels, as was meet,
+(<span>202</span>) he went to the banquet-hall, rich in a thousand
+jewelled vessels, like the autumn sky gleaming with stars. He there sat
+on a doubled rug, with Vai&ccedil;amp&#257;yana next him, eagerly
+employed, as was fitting, in praising his virtues, and the host of
+princes, placed each in order of seniority on the ground, felt the
+pleasure of their service increased by seeing the great courtesy with
+which the prince said: &lsquo;Let this be given to him, and that to
+him!&rsquo; And so he duly partook of his morning meal.</p>
+<p>&lsquo;&ldquo;After rinsing his mouth and taking betel, he stayed
+there a short time, and then went to Indr&#257;yudha, and there,
+without sitting down, while his attendants stood behind him, with
+upraised faces, awaiting his commands, and talking mostly about
+Indr&#257;yudha&rsquo;s points, he himself, with heart uplifted by
+Indr&#257;yudha&rsquo;s merits, scattered the fodder before him, and
+departing, visited the court; and in the same order of routine he saw
+the king, and, returning home, spent the night there. Next day, at
+dawn, he beheld approaching a chamberlain, by name Kail&#257;sa, the
+chief of the zenana, greatly trusted by the king, accompanied by a
+maiden of noble form, in her first youth, from her life at court
+self-possessed, yet not devoid of modesty, (<span>203</span>) growing
+to maidenhood, and in her veil of silk red with cochineal, <span class=
+"pagenum">[<a id="pb75" href="#pb75" name=
+"pb75">75</a>]</span>resembling the Eastern quarter clothed in early
+sunshine. (<span>204</span>) And Kail&#257;sa, bowing and approaching,
+with his right hand placed on the ground, spoke as follows:</p>
+<p>&lsquo;&ldquo;&lsquo;Prince, Queen Vil&#257;savat&#299; bids me say:
+&ldquo;This maiden, by name Patralekh&#257;, daughter of the King of
+Kul&#363;ta, was brought with the captives by the great king on his
+conquest of the royal city of Kul&#363;ta while she was yet a little
+child, and was placed among the zenana women. And tenderness grew up in
+me towards her, seeing she was a king&rsquo;s daughter and without a
+protector, and she was long cared for and brought up by me just like a
+daughter. Therefore, I now send her to thee, thinking her fit to be thy
+betel-bearer; but she must not be looked on by thee, great prince of
+many days, as thine other attendants. She must be cared for as a young
+maiden; she must be shielded from the thoughtless like thine own
+nature; she must be looked on as a pupil. (<span>205</span>) Like a
+friend, she must be admitted to all thy confidences. By reason of the
+love that has long grown up in me, my heart rests on her as on my own
+daughter; and being sprung from a great race, she is fitted for such
+duties; in truth, she herself will in a few days charm the prince by
+her perfect gentleness. My love for her is of long growth, and
+therefore strong; but as the prince does not yet know her character,
+this is told to him. Thou must in all ways strive, happy prince, that
+she may long be thy fitting companion.&rdquo;&rsquo; When Kail&#257;sa
+had thus spoken and was silent, Candr&#257;p&#299;&#7693;a looked long
+and steadily at Patralekh&#257; as she made a courteous obeisance, and
+with the words, &lsquo;As my mother wishes,&rsquo; dismissed the
+chamberlain. And Patralekh&#257;, from her first sight of him, was
+filled with devotion to him, and never left the prince&rsquo;s side
+either by night or day, whether he was sleeping, or sitting, or
+standing, or walking, or going to the court, just as if she were his
+shadow; while he felt for her a great affection, beginning from his
+first glance at her, and constantly growing; he daily showed more
+favour to her, and counted her in all his secrets as part of his own
+heart. <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb76" href="#pb76" name=
+"pb76">76</a>]</span></p>
+<p>&lsquo;&ldquo;As the days thus passed on, the king, eager for the
+anointing of Candr&#257;p&#299;&#7693;a as crown prince,
+(<span>206</span>) appointed chamberlains to gather together all things
+needful for it; and when it was at hand, &Ccedil;ukan&#257;sa, desirous
+of increasing the prince&rsquo;s modesty, great as it already was,
+spoke to him at length during one of his visits: &lsquo;Dear
+Candr&#257;p&#299;&#7693;a, though thou hast learnt what is to be
+known, and read all the &ccedil;&#257;stras, no little remains for thee
+to learn. For truly the darkness arising from youth is by nature very
+thick, nor can it be pierced by the sun, nor cleft by the radiance of
+jewels, nor dispelled by the brightness of lamps. The intoxication of
+Lakshm&#299; is terrible, and does not cease even in old age. There is,
+too, another blindness of power, evil, not to be cured by any salve.
+The fever of pride runs very high, and no cooling appliances can allay
+it. The madness that rises from tasting the poison of the senses is
+violent, and not to be counteracted by roots or charms. The defilement
+of the stain of passion is never destroyed by bathing or purification.
+The sleep of the multitude of royal pleasures is ever terrible, and the
+end of night brings no waking. Thus thou must often be told at length.
+Lordship inherited even from birth, fresh youth, peerless beauty,
+superhuman talent, all this is a long succession of ills.
+(<span>207</span>) Each of these separately is a home of insolence; how
+much more the assemblage of them! For in early youth the mind often
+loses its purity, though it be cleansed with the pure waters of the
+&ccedil;&#257;stras. The eyes of the young become inflamed, though
+their clearness is not quite lost. Nature, too, when the whirlwind of
+passion arises, carries a man far in youth at its own will, like a dry
+leaf borne on the wind. This mirage of pleasure, which captivates the
+senses as if they were deer, always ends in sorrow. When the mind has
+its consciousness dulled by early youth, the characteristics of the
+outer world fall on it like water, all the more sweetly for being but
+just tasted. Extreme clinging to the things of sense destroys a man,
+misleading him like ignorance of his bearings. But men such as thou art
+the fitting vessels for instruction. For on a mind free from
+<span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb77" href="#pb77" name=
+"pb77">77</a>]</span>stain the virtue of good counsel enters easily, as
+the moon&rsquo;s rays on a moon crystal. The words of a guru, though
+pure, yet cause great pain when they enter the ears of the bad, as
+water does; (<span>208</span>) while in others they produce a nobler
+beauty, like the ear-jewel on an elephant. They remove the thick
+darkness of many sins, like the moon in the gloaming.<a class="noteref"
+id="xd21e2658src" href="#xd21e2658" name="xd21e2658src">190</a> The
+teaching of a guru is calming, and brings to an end the faults of youth
+by turning them to virtue, just as old age takes away the dark stain of
+the locks by turning them to gray. This is the time to teach thee,
+while thou hast not yet tasted the pleasures of sense. For teaching
+pours away like water in a heart shattered by the stroke of
+love&rsquo;s arrow. Family and sacred tradition are unavailing to the
+froward and undisciplined. Does a fire not burn when fed on
+sandal-wood? Is not the submarine fire the fiercer in the water that is
+wont to quench fire? But the words of a guru are a bathing without
+water, able to cleanse all the stains of man; they are a maturity that
+changes not the locks to gray; they give weight without increase of
+bulk; though not wrought of gold, they are an ear-jewel of no common
+order; without light they shine; without startling they awaken. They
+are specially needed for kings, for the admonishers of kings are few.
+(<span>209</span>) For from fear, men follow like an echo the words of
+kings, and so, being unbridled in their pride, and having the cavity of
+their ears wholly stopped, they do not hear good advice even when
+offered; and when they do hear, by closing their eyes like an elephant,
+they show their contempt, and pain the teachers who offer them good
+counsel. For the nature of kings, being darkened by the madness of
+pride&rsquo;s fever, is perturbed; their wealth causes arrogance and
+false self-esteem; their royal glory causes the torpor brought about by
+the poison of kingly power. First, let one who strives after happiness
+look at Lakshm&#299;. For this Lakshm&#299;, who now rests like a bee
+on the lotus-grove of a circle of naked swords, has risen from the milk
+ocean, has taken her glow from the buds of the coral-tree, her
+crookedness from <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb78" href="#pb78" name=
+"pb78">78</a>]</span>the moon&rsquo;s digit, her restlessness from the
+steed Uccaih&#803;&ccedil;rava, her witchery from
+K&#257;lak&#363;&#7789;a poison, her intoxication from nectar, and from
+the Kaustubha gem her hardness. (<span>210</span>) All these she has
+taken as keepsakes to relieve her longing with memory of her
+companions&rsquo; friendship. There is nothing so little understood
+here in the world as this base Lakshm&#299;. When won, she is hard to
+keep; when bound fast by the firm cords of heroism, she vanishes; when
+held by a cage of swords brandished by a thousand fierce champions, she
+yet escapes; when guarded by a thick band of elephants, dark with a
+storm of ichor, she yet flees away. She keeps not friendships; she
+regards not race; she recks not of beauty; she follows not the fortunes
+of a family; she looks not on character; she counts not cleverness; she
+hears not sacred learning; she courts not righteousness; she honours
+not liberality; she values not discrimination; she guards not conduct;
+she understands not truth; she makes not auspicious marks her guide;
+like the outline of an a&euml;rial city, she vanishes even as we look
+on her. She is still dizzy with the feeling produced by the eddying of
+the whirlpool made by Mount Mandara. As if she were the tip of a
+lotus-stalk bound to the varying motion of a lotus-bed, she gives no
+firm foothold anywhere. Even when held fast with great effort in
+palaces, she totters as if drunk with the ichor of their many wild
+elephants. (<span>211</span>) She dwells on the sword&rsquo;s edge as
+if to learn cruelty. She clings to the form of N&#257;r&#257;ya&#7751;a
+as if to learn constant change of form. Full of fickleness, she leaves
+even a king, richly endowed with friends, judicial power, treasure, and
+territory, as she leaves a lotus at the end of day, though it have
+root, stalk, bud, and wide-spreading petals. Like a creeper, she is
+ever a parasite.<a class="noteref" id="xd21e2679src" href="#xd21e2679"
+name="xd21e2679src">191</a> Like Gang&#257;, though producing wealth,
+she is all astir with bubbles; like the sun&rsquo;s ray, she alights on
+one thing after another; like the cavity of hell, she is full of dense
+darkness. Like the demon Hi&#7693;amb&#257;, her heart is only won by
+the courage of a Bh&#299;ma; like the rainy season, she sends
+<span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb79" href="#pb79" name=
+"pb79">79</a>]</span>forth but a momentary flash; like an evil demon,
+she, with the height of many men,<a class="noteref" id="xd21e2691src"
+href="#xd21e2691" name="xd21e2691src">192</a> crazes the feeble mind.
+As if jealous, she embraces not him whom learning has favoured; she
+touches not the virtuous man, as being impure; she despises a lofty
+nature as unpropitious; she regards not the gently-born, as useless.
+She leaps over a courteous man as a snake; (<span>212</span>) she
+avoids a hero as a thorn; she forgets a giver as a nightmare; she keeps
+far from a temperate man as a villain; she mocks at the wise as a fool;
+she manifests her ways in the world as if in a jugglery that unites
+contradictions. For, though creating constant fever,<a class="noteref"
+id="xd21e2703src" href="#xd21e2703" name="xd21e2703src">193</a> she
+produces a chill;<a class="noteref" id="xd21e2706src" href="#xd21e2706"
+name="xd21e2706src">194</a> though exalting men, she shows lowness of
+soul; though rising from water, she augments thirst; though bestowing
+lordship,<a class="noteref" id="xd21e2709src" href="#xd21e2709" name=
+"xd21e2709src">195</a> she shows an unlordly<a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e2712src" href="#xd21e2712" name="xd21e2712src">196</a> nature;
+though loading men with power, she deprives them of weight;<a class=
+"noteref" id="xd21e2716src" href="#xd21e2716" name=
+"xd21e2716src">197</a> though sister of nectar, she leaves a bitter
+taste; though of earthly mould,<a class="noteref" id="xd21e2736src"
+href="#xd21e2736" name="xd21e2736src">198</a> she is invisible; though
+attached to the highest,<a class="noteref" id="xd21e2747src" href=
+"#xd21e2747" name="xd21e2747src">199</a> she loves the base; like a
+creature of dust, she soils even the pure. Moreover, let this wavering
+one shine as she may, she yet, like lamplight, only sends forth
+lamp-black. For she is the fostering rain of the poison-plants of
+desire, the hunter&rsquo;s luring song to the deer of the senses, the
+polluting smoke to the pictures of virtue, the luxurious couch of
+infatuation&rsquo;s long sleep, the ancient watch-tower of the demons
+of pride and wealth. (<span>213</span>) She is the cataract gathering
+over eyes lighted by the &ccedil;&#257;stras, the banner of the
+reckless, the native stream of the alligators of wrath, the tavern of
+the mead of the senses, the music-hall of alluring dances, the lair of
+the serpents of sin, the rod to drive out good practices. She is the
+untimely rain to the kalaham&#803;sas<a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e2756src" href="#xd21e2756" name="xd21e2756src">200</a> of the
+virtues, the <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb80" href="#pb80" name=
+"pb80">80</a>]</span>hotbed of the pustules of scandal, the prologue of
+the drama of fraud, the roar of the elephant of passion, the
+slaughter-house of goodness, the tongue of R&#257;hu for the moon of
+holiness. Nor see I any who has not been violently embraced by her
+while she was yet unknown to him, and whom she has not deceived. Truly,
+even in a picture she moves; even in a book she practises magic; even
+cut in a gem she deceives; even when heard she misleads; even when
+thought on she betrays.</p>
+<p>&lsquo;&ldquo;&lsquo;When this wretched evil creature wins kings
+after great toil by the will of destiny, they become helpless, and the
+abode of every shameful deed. For at the very moment of coronation
+their graciousness is washed away as if by the auspicious water-jars;
+(<span>214</span>) their heart is darkened as by the smoke of the
+sacrificial fire; their patience is swept away as by the ku&ccedil;a
+brooms of the priest; their remembrance of advancing age is concealed
+as by the donning of the turban; the sight of the next world is kept
+afar as by the umbrella&rsquo;s circle; truth is removed as by the wind
+of the cowries; virtue is driven out as by the wands of office; the
+voices of the good are drowned as by cries of &ldquo;All hail!&rdquo;
+and glory is flouted as by the streamers of the banners.</p>
+<p>&lsquo;&ldquo;&lsquo;For some kings are deceived by successes which
+are uncertain as the tremulous beaks of birds when loose from
+weariness, and which, though pleasant for a moment as a firefly&rsquo;s
+flash, are contemned by the wise; they forget their origin in the pride
+of amassing a little wealth, and are troubled by the onrush of passion
+as by a blood-poisoning brought on by accumulated diseases; they are
+tortured by the senses, which though but five, in their eagerness to
+taste every pleasure, turn to a thousand; they are bewildered by the
+mind, which, in native fickleness, follows its own impulses, and, being
+but one, gets the force of a hundred thousand in its changes. Thus they
+fall into utter helplessness. They are seized by demons, conquered by
+imps, (<span>215</span>) possessed by enchantments, held by monsters,
+mocked by the wind, swallowed by ogres. <span class="pagenum">[<a id=
+"pb81" href="#pb81" name="pb81">81</a>]</span>Pierced by the arrows of
+K&#257;ma, they make a thousand contortions; scorched by covetousness,
+they writhe; struck down by fierce blows, they sink down.<a class=
+"noteref" id="xd21e2776src" href="#xd21e2776" name=
+"xd21e2776src">201</a> Like crabs, they sidle; like cripples, with
+steps broken by sin, they are led helpless by others; like stammerers
+from former sins of falsehood, they can scarce babble; like
+saptacchada<a class="noteref" id="xd21e2779src" href="#xd21e2779" name=
+"xd21e2779src">202</a> trees, they produce headache in those near them;
+like dying men, they know not even their kin; like purblind<a class=
+"noteref" id="xd21e2782src" href="#xd21e2782" name=
+"xd21e2782src">203</a> men, they cannot see the brightest virtue; like
+men bitten in a fatal hour, they are not waked even by mighty charms;
+like lac-ornaments, they cannot endure strong heat;<a class="noteref"
+id="xd21e2786src" href="#xd21e2786" name="xd21e2786src">204</a> like
+rogue elephants, being firmly fixed to the pillar of self-conceit, they
+refuse teaching; bewildered by the poison of covetousness, they see
+everything as golden; like arrows sharpened by polishing,<a class=
+"noteref" id="xd21e2795src" href="#xd21e2795" name=
+"xd21e2795src">205</a> when in the hands of others they cause
+destruction; (<span>216</span>) with their rods<a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e2801src" href="#xd21e2801" name="xd21e2801src">206</a> they
+strike down great families, like high-growing fruit; like untimely
+blossoms, though fair outwardly, they cause destruction; they are
+terrible of nature, like the ashes of a funeral pyre; like men with
+cataract, they can see no distance; like men possessed, they have their
+houses ruled by court jesters; when but heard of, they terrify, like
+funeral drums; when but thought of, like a resolve to commit mortal
+sin, they bring about great calamity; being daily filled with sin, they
+become wholly puffed up. In this state, having allied themselves to a
+hundred sins, they are like drops of water hanging on the tip of the
+grass on an anthill, and have fallen without perceiving it.</p>
+<p>&lsquo;&ldquo;&lsquo;But others are deceived by rogues intent on
+their own ends, greedy of the flesh-pots of wealth, cranes of the
+palace lotus-beds! &ldquo;Gambling,&rdquo; say these, &ldquo;is a
+relaxation; adultery a sign of cleverness; hunting, exercise; drinking,
+delight; recklessness, heroism; neglect of a wife, freedom from
+infatuation; (<span>217</span>) contempt of a guru&rsquo;s words, a
+claim to others&rsquo; submission; unruliness of servants, <span class=
+"pagenum">[<a id="pb82" href="#pb82" name="pb82">82</a>]</span>the
+ensuring of pleasant service; devotion to dance, song, music, and bad
+company, is knowledge of the world; hearkening to shameful crimes is
+greatness of mind; tame endurance of contempt is patience; self-will is
+lordship; disregard of the gods is high spirit; the praise of bards is
+glory; restlessness is enterprise; lack of discernment is
+impartiality.&rdquo; Thus are kings deceived with more than mortal
+praises by men ready to raise faults to the grade of virtues, practised
+in deception, laughing in their hearts, utterly villainous; and thus
+these monarchs, by reason of their senselessness, have their minds
+intoxicated by the pride of wealth, and have a settled false conceit in
+them that these things are really so; though subject to mortal
+conditions, they look on themselves as having alighted on earth as
+divine beings with a superhuman destiny; they employ a pomp in their
+undertakings only fit for gods (<span>218</span>) and win the contempt
+of all mankind. They welcome this deception of themselves by their
+followers. From the delusion as to their own divinity established in
+their minds, they are overthrown by false ideas, and they think their
+own pair of arms have received another pair;<a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e2814src" href="#xd21e2814" name="xd21e2814src">207</a> they
+imagine their forehead has a third eye buried in the skin.<a class=
+"noteref" id="xd21e2817src" href="#xd21e2817" name=
+"xd21e2817src">208</a> They consider the sight of themselves a favour;
+they esteem their glance a benefit; they regard their words as a
+present; they hold their command a glorious boon; they deem their touch
+a purification. Weighed down by the pride of their false greatness,
+they neither do homage to the gods, nor reverence Brahmans, nor honour
+the honourable, nor salute those to whom salutes are due, nor address
+those who should be addressed, nor rise to greet their gurus. They
+laugh at the learned as losing in useless labour all the enjoyment of
+pleasure; they look on the teaching of the old as the wandering talk of
+dotage; they abuse the advice of their councillors as an insult to
+their own wisdom; they are wroth with the giver of good counsel.</p>
+<p>&lsquo;&ldquo;&lsquo;At all events, the man they welcome, with whom
+they converse, whom they place by their side, advance,
+(<span>219</span>) <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb83" href="#pb83"
+name="pb83">83</a>]</span>take as companion of their pleasure and
+recipient of their gifts, choose as a friend, the man to whose voice
+they listen, on whom they rain favours, of whom they think highly, in
+whom they trust, is he who does nothing day and night but ceaselessly
+salute them, praise them as divine, and exalt their greatness.</p>
+<p>&lsquo;&ldquo;&lsquo;What can we expect of those kings whose
+standard is a law of deceit, pitiless in the cruelty of its maxims;
+whose gurus are family priests, with natures made merciless by magic
+rites; whose teachers are councillors skilled to deceive others; whose
+hearts are set on a power that hundreds of kings before them have
+gained and lost; whose skill in weapons is only to inflict death; whose
+brothers, tender as their hearts may be with natural affection, are
+only to be slaughtered.</p>
+<p>&lsquo;&ldquo;&lsquo;Therefore, my Prince, in this post of empire
+which is terrible in the hundreds of evil and perverse impulses which
+attend it, and in this season of youth which leads to utter
+infatuation, thou must strive earnestly not to be scorned by thy
+people, nor blamed by the good, nor cursed by thy gurus, nor reproached
+by thy friends, nor grieved over by the wise. Strive, too, that thou be
+not exposed by knaves, (<span>220</span>) deceived by sharpers, preyed
+upon by villains, torn to pieces by wolvish courtiers, misled by
+rascals, deluded by women, cheated by fortune, led a wild dance by
+pride, maddened by desire, assailed by the things of sense, dragged
+headlong by passion, carried away by pleasure.</p>
+<p>&lsquo;&ldquo;&lsquo;Granted that by nature thou art steadfast, and
+that by thy father&rsquo;s care thou art trained in goodness, and
+moreover, that wealth only intoxicates the light of nature, and the
+thoughtless, yet my very delight in thy virtues makes me speak thus at
+length.</p>
+<p>&lsquo;&ldquo;&lsquo;Let this saying be ever ringing in thine ears:
+There is none so wise, so prudent, so magnanimous, so gracious, so
+steadfast, and so earnest, that the shameless wretch Fortune cannot
+grind him to powder. Yet now mayest thou enjoy the consecration of thy
+youth to kinghood by thy father under happy auspices. Bear the yoke
+handed <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb84" href="#pb84" name=
+"pb84">84</a>]</span>down to thee that thy forefathers have borne. Bow
+the heads of thy foes; raise the host of thy friends; after thy
+coronation wander round the world for conquest; and bring under thy
+sway the earth with its seven continents subdued of yore by thy
+father.</p>
+<p>&lsquo;&ldquo;&lsquo;This is the time to crown thyself with glory.
+(<span>221</span>) A glorious king has his commands fulfilled as
+swiftly as a great ascetic.&rsquo;</p>
+<p>&lsquo;&ldquo;Having said thus much, he was silent, and by his words
+Candr&#257;p&#299;&#7693;a was, as it were, washed, wakened, purified,
+brightened, bedewed, anointed, adorned, cleansed, and made radiant, and
+with glad heart he returned after a short time to his own palace.</p>
+<p>&lsquo;&ldquo;Some days later, on an auspicious day, the king,
+surrounded by a thousand chiefs, raised aloft, with
+&Ccedil;ukan&#257;sa&rsquo;s help, the vessel of consecration, and
+himself anointed his son, while the rest of the rites were performed by
+the family priest. The water of consecration was brought from every
+sacred pool, river and ocean, encircled by every plant, fruit, earth,
+and gem, mingled with tears of joy, and purified by mantras. At that
+very moment, while the prince was yet wet with the water of
+consecration, royal glory passed on to him without leaving
+T&#257;r&#257;p&#299;&#7693;a, as a creeper still clasping its own tree
+passes to another. (<span>222</span>) Straightway he was anointed from
+head to foot by Vil&#257;savat&#299;, attended by all the zenana, and
+full of tender love, with sweet sandal white as moonbeams. He was
+garlanded with fresh white flowers; decked<a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e2853src" href="#xd21e2853" name="xd21e2853src">209</a> with lines
+of gorocan&#257;; adorned with an earring of d&#363;rv&#257; grass;
+clad in two new silken robes with long fringes, white as the moon;
+bound with an amulet round his hand, tied by the family priest; and had
+his breast encircled by a pearl-necklace, like the circle of the Seven
+&#7770;ishis come down to see his coronation, strung on filaments from
+the lotus-pool of the royal fortune of young royalty.</p>
+<p>&lsquo;&ldquo;From the complete concealment of his body by wreaths
+of white flowers interwoven and hanging to his <span class=
+"pagenum">[<a id="pb85" href="#pb85" name="pb85">85</a>]</span>knees,
+soft as moonbeams, and from his wearing snowy robes he was like
+Narasim&#803;ha, shaking his thick mane,<a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e2860src" href="#xd21e2860" name="xd21e2860src">210</a> or like
+Kail&#257;sa, with its flowing streams, or Air&#257;vata, rough with
+the tangled lotus-fibres of the heavenly Ganges, or the Milky Ocean,
+all covered with flakes of bright foam.</p>
+<p>(<span>223</span>) &lsquo;&ldquo;Then his father himself for that
+time took the chamberlain&rsquo;s wand to make way for him, and he went
+to the hall of assembly and mounted the royal throne, like the moon on
+Meru&rsquo;s peak. Then, when he had received due homage from the
+kings, after a short pause the great drum that heralded his setting out
+on his triumphal course resounded deeply, under the stroke of golden
+drum-sticks. Its sound was as the noise of clouds gathering at the day
+of doom; or the ocean struck by Mandara; or the foundations of earth by
+the earthquakes that close an aeon; or a portent-cloud, with its
+flashes of lightning; or the hollow of hell by the blows of the snout
+of the Great Boar. And by its sound the spaces of the world were
+inflated, opened, separated, outspread, filled, turned sunwise, and
+deepened, and the bonds that held the sky were unloosed. The echo of it
+wandered through the three worlds; for it was embraced in the lower
+world by &Ccedil;esha, with his thousand hoods raised and bristling in
+fear; it was challenged in space by the elephants of the quarters
+tossing their tusks in opposition; it was honoured with sunwise turns
+in the sky by the sun&rsquo;s steeds, tossing<a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e2868src" href="#xd21e2868" name="xd21e2868src">211</a> their
+heads in their snort of terror; (<span>224</span>) it was wondrously
+answered on Kail&#257;sa&rsquo;s peak by &Ccedil;iva&rsquo;s bull, with
+a roar of joy in the belief that it was his master&rsquo;s loudest
+laugh; it was met in Meru by Air&#257;vata, with deep trumpeting; it
+was reverenced in the hall of the gods by Yama&rsquo;s bull, with his
+curved horns turned sideways in wrath at so strange a sound; and it was
+heard in terror by the guardian gods of the world.</p>
+<p>&lsquo;&ldquo;Then, at the roar of the drum, followed by an outcry
+of &lsquo;All hail!&rsquo; from all sides, Candr&#257;p&#299;&#7693;a
+came down from the throne, and with him went the glory of his foes. He
+<span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb86" href="#pb86" name=
+"pb86">86</a>]</span>left the hall of assembly, followed by a thousand
+chiefs, who rose hastily around him, strewing on all sides the large
+pearls that fell from the strings of their necklaces as they struck
+against each other, like rice sportively thrown as a good omen for
+their setting off to conquer the world. He showed like the coral-tree
+amid the white buds of the kalpa-trees;<a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e2880src" href="#xd21e2880" name="xd21e2880src">212</a> or
+Air&#257;vata amid the elephants of the quarters bedewing him with
+water from their trunks; or heaven, with the firmament showering stars;
+or the rainy season with clouds ever pouring heavy drops.</p>
+<p>(<span>225</span>) &lsquo;&ldquo;Then an elephant was hastily
+brought by the mahout, adorned with all auspicious signs for the
+journey, and on the inner seat Patralekh&#257; was placed. The prince
+then mounted, and under the shade of an umbrella with a hundred wires
+enmeshed with pearls, beauteous as Kail&#257;sa standing on the arms of
+R&#257;va&#7751;a, and white as the whirlpools of the Milky Ocean under
+the tossing of the mountain, he started on his journey. And as he
+paused in his departure he saw the ten quarters tawny with the rich
+sunlight, surpassing molten lac, of the flashing crest-jewels of the
+kings who watched him with faces hidden behind the ramparts, as if the
+light were the fire of his own majesty, flashing forth after his
+coronation. He saw the earth bright as if with his own glow of loyalty
+when anointed as heir-apparent, and the sky crimson as with the flame
+that heralded the swift destruction of his foes, and daylight roseate
+as with lac-juice from the feet of the Lakshm&#299; of earth coming to
+greet him.</p>
+<p>&lsquo;&ldquo;On the way hosts of kings, with their thousand
+elephants swaying in confusion, their umbrellas broken by the pressure
+of the crowd, their crest-jewels falling low as their diadems bent in
+homage, (<span>226</span>) their earrings hanging down, and the jewels
+falling on their cheeks, bowed low before him, as a trusted general
+recited their names. The elephant Gandham&#257;dana followed the
+prince, pink with much red lead, dangling to the ground his
+ear-ornaments of pearls, having his head outlined with many a wreath of
+<span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb87" href="#pb87" name=
+"pb87">87</a>]</span>white flowers, like Meru with evening sunlight
+resting on it, the white stream of Ganges falling across it, and the
+spangled roughness of a bevy of stars on its peak. Before
+Candr&#257;p&#299;&#7693;a went Indr&#257;yudha, led by his groom,
+perfumed with saffron and many-hued, with the flash of golden trappings
+on his limbs. And so the expedition slowly started towards the Eastern
+Quarter.<a class="noteref" id="xd21e2896src" href="#xd21e2896" name=
+"xd21e2896src">213</a></p>
+<p>&lsquo;&ldquo;Then the whole army set forth with wondrous turmoil,
+with its forest of umbrellas stirred by the elephants&rsquo; movements,
+like an ocean of destruction reflecting on its advancing waves a
+thousand moons, flooding the earth.</p>
+<p>(<span>227</span>) &lsquo;&ldquo;When the prince left his palace
+Vai&ccedil;amp&#257;yana performed every auspicious rite, and then,
+clothed in white, anointed with an ointment of white flowers,
+accompanied by a great host of powerful kings, shaded by a white
+umbrella, followed close on the prince, mounted on a swift elephant,
+like a second Crown Prince, and drew near to him like the moon to the
+sun. Straightway the earth heard on all sides the cry: &lsquo;The Crown
+Prince has started!&rsquo; and shook with the weight of the advancing
+army.</p>
+<p>(<span>228</span>) &lsquo;&ldquo;In an instant the earth seemed as
+it were made of horses; the horizon, of elephants; the atmosphere, of
+umbrellas; the sky, of forests of pennons; the wind, of the scent of
+ichor; the human race, of kings; the eye, of the rays of jewels; the
+day, of crests; the universe, of cries of &lsquo;All hail!&rsquo;</p>
+<p>(228&ndash;234 condensed) &lsquo;&ldquo;The dust rose at the advance
+of the army like a herd of elephants to tear up the lotuses of the
+sunbeams, or a veil to cover the Lakshm&#299; of the three worlds. Day
+became earthy; the quarters were modelled in clay; the sky was, as it
+were, resolved in dust, and the whole universe appeared to consist of
+but one element.</p>
+<p>(<span>234</span>) &lsquo;&ldquo;When the horizon became clear
+again, Vai&ccedil;amp&#257;yana, looking at the mighty host which
+seemed to rise from the ocean, was filled with wonder, and, turning his
+glance on every side, said to Candr&#257;p&#299;&#7693;a: &lsquo;What,
+prince, has been left unconquered by the mighty King <span class=
+"pagenum">[<a id="pb88" href="#pb88" name=
+"pb88">88</a>]</span>T&#257;r&#257;p&#299;&#7693;a, for thee to
+conquer? What regions unsubdued, for thee to subdue? (<span>235</span>)
+What fortresses untaken, for thee to take? What continents
+unappropriated, for thee to appropriate? What treasures ungained, for
+thee to gain? What kings have not been humbled? By whom have the raised
+hands of salutation, soft as young lotuses, not been placed on the
+head? By whose brows, encircled with golden bands, have the floors of
+his halls not been polished? Whose crest-jewels have not scraped his
+footstool? Who have not accepted his staff of office? Who have not
+waved his cowries? Who have not raised the cry of &ldquo;Hail!&rdquo;?
+Who have not drunk in with the crocodiles of their crests, the radiance
+of his feet, like pure streams? For all these princes, though they are
+imbued with the pride of armies, ready in their rough play to plunge
+into the four oceans; though they are the peers of the great kings
+Da&ccedil;aratha, Bhag&#299;ratha, Bharata, Dil&#299;pa, Alarka, and
+M&#257;ndh&#257;t&#7771;i; though they are anointed princes,
+soma-drinkers, haughty in the pride of birth, yet they bear on the
+sprays of crests purified with the shower of the water of consecration
+the dust of thy feet of happy omen, like an amulet of ashes. By them as
+by fresh noble mountains, the earth is upheld. These their armies that
+have entered the heart of the ten regions follow thee alone.
+(<span>236</span>) For lo! wherever thy glance is cast, hell seems to
+vomit forth armies, the earth to bear them, the quarters to discharge
+them, the sky to rain them, the day to create them. And methinks the
+earth, trampled by the weight of boundless hosts, recalls to-day the
+confusion of the battles of the Mah&#257;bh&#257;rata.</p>
+<p>&lsquo;&ldquo;&lsquo;Here the sun wanders in the groves of pennons,
+with his orb stumbling over their tops, as if he were trying, out of
+curiosity, to count the banners. The earth is ceaselessly submerged
+under ichor sweet as cardamons, and flowing like a plait of hair, from
+the elephants who scatter it all round, and thick, too, with the murmur
+of the bees settling on it, so that it shines as if filled with the
+waves of Yamun&#257;. The lines of moon-white flags hide the horizon,
+like rivers <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb89" href="#pb89" name=
+"pb89">89</a>]</span>that in fear of being made turbid by the heavy
+host have fled to the sky. It is a wonder that the earth has not to-day
+been split into a thousand pieces by the weight of the army; and that
+the bonds of its joints, the noble mountains, are not burst asunder;
+and that the hoods of &Ccedil;esha, the lord of serpents, in distress
+at the burden of earth pressed down under the load of troops, do not
+give way.&rsquo;</p>
+<p>(<span>237</span>) &lsquo;&ldquo;While he was thus speaking, the
+prince reached his palace. It was adorned with many lofty triumphal
+arches; dotted with a thousand pavilions enclosed in grassy ramparts,
+and bright with many a tent of shining white cloth. Here he dismounted,
+and performed in kingly wise all due rites; and though the kings and
+ministers who had come together sought to divert him with various
+tales, he spent the rest of the day in sorrow, for his heart was
+tortured with bitter grief for his fresh separation from his father.
+When day was brought to a close he passed the night, too, mostly in
+sleeplessness, with Vai&ccedil;amp&#257;yana resting on a couch not far
+from his own, and Patralekh&#257; sleeping hard by on a blanket placed
+on the ground; his talk was now of his father, now of his mother, now
+of &Ccedil;ukan&#257;sa, and he rested but little. At dawn he arose,
+and with an army that grew at every march, as it advanced in unchanged
+order, he hollowed the earth, shook the mountains, dried the rivers,
+emptied the lakes, (<span>238</span>) crushed the woods to powder,
+levelled the crooked places, tore down the fortresses, filled up the
+hollows, and hollowed the solid ground.</p>
+<p>&lsquo;&ldquo;By degrees, as he wandered at will, he bowed the
+haughty, exalted the humble, encouraged the fearful, protected the
+suppliant, rooted out the vicious, and drove out the hostile. He
+anointed princes in different places, gathered treasures, accepted
+gifts, took tribute, taught local regulations, established monuments of
+his visit, made hymns of worship, and inscribed edicts. He honoured
+Brahmans, reverenced saints, protected hermitages, and showed a prowess
+that won his people&rsquo;s love. He exalted his majesty, heaped up his
+glory, showed his virtues far <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb90" href=
+"#pb90" name="pb90">90</a>]</span>and wide, and won renown for his good
+deeds. Thus trampling down the woods on the shore, and turning the
+whole expanse of ocean to gray with the dust of his army, he wandered
+over the earth.</p>
+<p>&lsquo;&ldquo;The East was his first conquest, then the Southern
+Quarter, marked by Tri&ccedil;anku, then the Western Quarter, which has
+Varu&#7751;a for its sign, and immediately afterwards the Northern
+Quarter adorned by the Seven &#7770;ishis. Within the three years that
+he roamed over the world he had subdued the whole earth, with its
+continents, bounded only by the moat of four oceans.</p>
+<p>(<span>239</span>) &lsquo;&ldquo;He then, wandering sunwise,
+conquered and occupied Suvar&#7751;apura, not far from the Eastern
+Ocean, the abode of those Kir&#257;tas who dwell near Kail&#257;sa, and
+are called Hemajak&#363;&#7789;as, and as his army was weary from its
+worldwide wandering, he encamped there for a few days to rest.</p>
+<p>&lsquo;&ldquo;One day during his sojourn there he mounted
+Indr&#257;yudha to hunt, and as he roamed through the wood he beheld a
+pair of Kinnaras wandering down at will from the mountains. Wondering
+at the strange sight, and eager to take them, he brought up his horse
+respectfully near them and approached them. But they hurried on,
+fearing the unknown sight of a man, and fleeing from him, while he
+pursued them, doubling Indr&#257;yudha&rsquo;s speed by frequent pats
+on his neck, and went on alone, leaving his army far behind. Led on by
+the idea that he was just catching them, he was borne in an instant
+fifteen leagues from his own quarters by Indr&#257;yudha&rsquo;s speed
+as it were at one bound, and was left companionless. (<span>240</span>)
+The pair of Kinnaras he was pursuing were climbing a steep hill in
+front of him. He at length turned away his glance, which was following
+their progress, and, checked by the steepness of the ascent, reined in
+Indr&#257;yudha. Then, seeing that both his horse and himself were
+tired and heated by their toils, he considered for a moment, and
+laughed at himself as he thought: &lsquo;Why have I thus wearied myself
+for nothing, like a child? What matters it whether I catch the pair of
+Kinnaras or not? If caught, what is the good? <span class=
+"pagenum">[<a id="pb91" href="#pb91" name="pb91">91</a>]</span>if
+missed, what is the harm? What a folly this is of mine! What a love of
+busying myself in any trifle! What a passion for aimless toil! What a
+clinging to childish pleasure! The good work I was doing has been begun
+in vain. The needful rite I had begun has been rendered fruitless. The
+duty of friendship I undertook has not been performed. The royal office
+I was employed in has not been fulfilled. The great task I had entered
+on has not been completed. My earnest labour in a worthy ambition has
+been brought to nought. Why have I been so mad as to leave my followers
+behind and come so far? (<span>241</span>) and why have I earned for
+myself the ridicule I should bestow on another, when I think how
+aimlessly I have followed these monsters with their horses&rsquo;
+heads? I know not how far off is the army that follows me. For the
+swiftness of Indr&#257;yudha traverses a vast space in a moment, and
+his speed prevented my noticing as I came by what path I should turn
+back, for my eyes were fixed on the Kinnaras; and now I am in a great
+forest, spread underfoot with dry leaves, with a dense growth of
+creepers, underwood, and branching trees. Roam as I may here I cannot
+light on any mortal who can show me the way to Suvar&#7751;apura. I
+have often heard that Suvar&#7751;apura is the farthest bound of earth
+to the north, and that beyond it lies a supernatural forest, and beyond
+that again is Kail&#257;sa. This then is Kail&#257;sa; so I must turn
+back now, and resolutely seek to make my way unaided to the south. For
+a man must bear the fruit of his own faults.&rsquo;</p>
+<p>&lsquo;&ldquo;With this purpose he shook the reins in his left hand,
+and turned the horse&rsquo;s head. Then he again reflected:
+(<span>242</span>) &lsquo;The blessed sun with glowing light now adorns
+the south, as if he were the zone-gem of the glory of day.
+Indr&#257;yudha is tired; I will just let him eat a few mouthfuls of
+grass, and then let him bathe and drink in some mountain rill or river;
+and when he is refreshed I will myself drink some water, and after
+resting a short time under the shade of a tree, I will set out
+again.&rsquo;</p>
+<p>&lsquo;&ldquo;So thinking, constantly turning his eyes on every side
+<span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb92" href="#pb92" name=
+"pb92">92</a>]</span>for water, he wandered till at length he saw a
+track wet with masses of mud raised by the feet of a large troop of
+mountain elephants, who had lately come up from bathing in a
+lotus-pool. (<span>243</span>) Inferring thence that there was water
+near, he went straight on along the slope of Kail&#257;sa, the trees of
+which, closely crowded as they were, seemed, from their lack of boughs,
+to be far apart, for they were mostly pines, &ccedil;&#257;l, and gum
+olibanum trees, and were lofty, and like a circle of umbrellas, to be
+gazed at with upraised head. There was thick yellow sand, and by reason
+of the stony soil the grass and shrubs were but scanty.</p>
+<p>(<span>244</span>) &lsquo;&ldquo;At length he beheld, on the
+north-east of Kail&#257;sa, a very lofty clump of trees, rising like a
+mass of clouds, heavy with its weight of rain, and massed as if with
+the darkness of a night in the dark fortnight.</p>
+<p>&lsquo;&ldquo;The wind from the waves, soft as sandal, dewy, cool
+from passing over the water, aromatic with flowers, met him, and seemed
+to woo him; and the cries of kalaham&#803;sas drunk with lotus-honey,
+charming his ear, summoned him to enter. So he went into that clump,
+and in its midst beheld the Acchoda Lake, as if it were the mirror of
+the Lakshm&#299; of the three worlds, the crystal chamber of the
+goddess of earth, the path by which the waters of ocean escape, the
+oozing of the quarters, the avatar of part of the sky, Kail&#257;sa
+taught to flow, Himavat liquefied, moonlight melted,
+&Ccedil;iva&rsquo;s smile turned to water, (<span>245</span>) the merit
+of the three worlds abiding in the shape of a lake, a range of hills of
+lapis lazuli changed into water, or a mass of autumn clouds poured down
+in one spot. From its clearness it might be Varu&#7751;a&rsquo;s
+mirror; it seemed to be fashioned of the hearts of ascetics, the
+virtues of good men, the bright eyes of deer, or the rays of
+pearls.</p>
+<p>(<span>247</span>) &lsquo;&ldquo;Like the person of a great man, it
+showed clearly the signs of fish, crocodile, tortoise, and
+cak&#7771;a;<a class="noteref" id="xd21e2987src" href="#xd21e2987"
+name="xd21e2987src">214</a> like the story of K&#257;rtikeya, the
+lamentations of the wives of Krau&ntilde;ca<a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e2999src" href="#xd21e2999" name="xd21e2999src">215</a> resounded
+in it; it was shaken by the wings of <span class="pagenum">[<a id=
+"pb93" href="#pb93" name="pb93">93</a>]</span>white
+Dh&#257;rtar&#257;sh&#7789;ras, as the Mah&#257;bh&#257;rata by the
+rivalry of P&#257;&#7751;&#7693;avas and
+Dh&#257;rtar&#257;sh&#7789;ras; and the drinking of poison by
+&Ccedil;iva was represented by the drinking of its water by peacocks,
+as if it were the time of the churning of ocean. It was fair, like a
+god, with a gaze that never wavers. (<span>248</span>) Like a futile
+argument, it seemed to have no end; and was a lake most fair and
+gladdening to the eyes.</p>
+<p>&lsquo;&ldquo;The very sight of it seemed to remove
+Candr&#257;p&#299;&#7693;a&rsquo;s weariness, and as he gazed he
+thought:</p>
+<p>&lsquo;&ldquo;&lsquo;Though my pursuit of the horse-faced pair was
+fruitless, yet now that I see this lake it has gained its reward. My
+eyes&rsquo; reward in beholding all that is to be seen has now been
+won, the furthest point of all fair things seen, the limit of all that
+gladdens us gazed upon, the boundary line of all that charms us
+descried, the perfection of all that causes joy made manifest, and the
+vanishing-point of all worthy of sight beheld. (<span>249</span>) By
+creating this lake water, sweet as nectar, the Creator has made his own
+labour of creation superfluous. For this, too, like the nectar that
+gladdens all the senses, produces joy to the eye by its purity, offers
+the pleasure of touch by its coolness, gladdens the sense of smell by
+the fragrance of its lotuses, pleases the ear with the ceaseless murmur
+of its ham&#803;sas, and delights the taste with its sweetness. Truly
+it is from eagerness to behold this that &Ccedil;iva leaves not his
+infatuation for dwelling on Kail&#257;sa. Surely K&#7771;ish&#7751;a no
+longer follows his own natural desire as to a watery couch, for he
+sleeps on the ocean, with its water bitter with salt, and leaves this
+water sweet as nectar! Nor is this, in sooth, the prim&aelig;val lake;
+for the earth, when fearing the blows of the tusks of the boar of
+destruction, entered the ocean, all the waters of which were designed
+but to be a draught for Agastya; whereas, if it had plunged into this
+mighty lake, deep as many deep hells, it could not have been reached, I
+say not by one, but not even by a thousand boars. (<span>250</span>)
+Verily it is from this lake that the clouds of doom at the seasons of
+final destruction draw little by little their water when they overwhelm
+the interstices of the universe, and darken all <span class=
+"pagenum">[<a id="pb94" href="#pb94" name="pb94">94</a>]</span>the
+quarters with their destroying storm. And methinks that the world,
+Brahm&#257;&rsquo;s egg, which in the beginning of creation was made of
+water, was massed together and placed here under the guise of a
+lake.&rsquo; So thinking, he reached the south bank, dismounted and
+took off Indr&#257;yudha&rsquo;s harness; (<span>251</span>) and the
+latter rolled on the ground, arose, ate some mouthfuls of grass, and
+then the prince took him down to the lake, and let him drink and bathe
+at will. After that, the prince took off his bridle, bound two of his
+feet by a golden chain to the lower bough of a tree hard by, and,
+cutting off with his dagger some d&#363;rv&#257; grass from the bank of
+the lake, threw it before the horse, and went back himself to the
+water. He washed his hands, and feasted, like the c&#257;taka, on
+water; like the cakrav&#257;ka, he tasted pieces of lotus-fibre; like
+the moon with its beams, he touched the moon-lotuses with his
+finger-tips; like a snake, he welcomed the breeze of the
+waves;<a class="noteref" id="xd21e3028src" href="#xd21e3028" name=
+"xd21e3028src">216</a> like one wounded with Love&rsquo;s arrows, he
+placed a covering of lotus-leaves on his breast; like a mountain
+elephant, when the tip of his trunk is wet with spray, he adorned his
+hands with spray-washed lotuses. Then with dewy lotus-leaves, with
+freshly-broken fibres, he made a couch on a rock embowered in creepers,
+and rolling up his cloak for a pillow, lay down to sleep. After a short
+rest, he heard on the north bank of the lake a sweet sound of unearthly
+music, borne on the ear, and blent with the chords of the
+v&#299;n&#257;. (<span>252</span>) Indr&#257;yudha heard it first, and
+letting fall the grass he was eating, with ears fixed and neck arched,
+turned towards the voice. The prince, as he heard it, rose from his
+lotus-couch in curiosity to see whence this song could arise in a place
+deserted by men, and cast his glance towards the region; but, from the
+great distance, he was unable, though he strained his eyes to the
+utmost, to discern anything, although he ceaselessly heard the sound.
+Desiring in his eagerness to know its source, he determined to depart,
+and saddling and mounting Indr&#257;yudha, he set <span class=
+"pagenum">[<a id="pb95" href="#pb95" name="pb95">95</a>]</span>forth by
+the western forest path, making the song his goal; the deer, albeit
+unasked, were his guides, as they rushed on in front, delighting in the
+music.<a class="noteref" id="xd21e3043src" href="#xd21e3043" name=
+"xd21e3043src">217</a></p>
+<p>(253&ndash;256 condensed) &lsquo;&ldquo;Welcomed by the breezes of
+Kail&#257;sa, he went towards that spot, which was surrounded by trees
+on all sides, and at the foot of the slope of Kail&#257;sa, on the left
+bank of the lake, called Candraprabh&#257;, which whitened the whole
+region with a splendour as of moonlight, he beheld an empty temple of
+&Ccedil;iva.</p>
+<p>(<span>257</span>) &lsquo;&ldquo;As he entered the temple he was
+whitened by the falling on him of ketak&#299; pollen, tossed by the
+wind, as if for the sake of seeing &Ccedil;iva he had been forcibly
+made to perform a vow of putting on ashes, or as if he were robed in
+the pure merits of entering the temple; and, in a crystal shrine
+resting on four pillars, he beheld &Ccedil;iva, the four-faced, teacher
+of the world, the god whose feet are honoured by the universe, with his
+emblem, the <i>linga</i>, made of pure pearl. Homage had been paid to
+the deity by shining lotuses of the heavenly Ganges, that might be
+mistaken for crests of pearls, freshly-plucked and wet, with drops
+falling from the ends of their leaves, like fragments of the
+moon&rsquo;s disc split and set upright, or like parts of
+&Ccedil;iva&rsquo;s own smile, or scraps of &Ccedil;esha&rsquo;s hood,
+or brothers of K&#7771;ish&#7751;a&rsquo;s conch, or the heart of the
+Milky Ocean.</p>
+<p>(<span>258</span>) &lsquo;&ldquo;But, seated in a posture of
+meditation, to the right of the god, facing him,
+Candr&#257;p&#299;&#7693;a beheld a maiden vowed to the service of
+&Ccedil;iva, who turned the region with its mountains and woods to
+ivory by the brightness of her beauty. For its lustre shone far,
+spreading through space, white as the tide of the Milky Ocean,
+overwhelming all things at the day of doom, or like a store of penance
+gathered in long years and flowing out, streaming forth <span class=
+"pagenum">[<a id="pb96" href="#pb96" name="pb96">96</a>]</span>massed
+together like Ganges between the trees, giving a fresh whiteness to
+Kail&#257;sa, and purifying the gazer&rsquo;s soul, though it but
+entered his eye. The exceeding whiteness of her form concealed her
+limbs as though she had entered a crystal shrine, or had plunged into a
+sea of milk, or were hidden in spotless silk, or were caught on the
+surface of a mirror, or were veiled in autumn clouds. She seemed to be
+fashioned from the quintessence of whiteness, without the bevy of helps
+for the creation of the body that consist of matter formed of the five
+gross elements.</p>
+<p>(<span>259</span>) She was like sacrifice impersonate, come to
+worship &Ccedil;iva, in fear of being seized by the unworthy; or Rati,
+undertaking a rite of propitiation to conciliate him, for the sake of
+K&#257;ma&rsquo;s body; or Lakshm&#299;, goddess of the Milky Ocean,
+longing for a digit of &Ccedil;iva&rsquo;s moon, her familiar friend of
+yore when they dwelt together in the deep; or the embodied moon seeking
+&Ccedil;iva&rsquo;s protection from R&#257;hu; or the beauty of
+Air&#257;vata,<a class="noteref" id="xd21e3075src" href="#xd21e3075"
+name="xd21e3075src">218</a> come to fulfil &Ccedil;iva&rsquo;s wish to
+wear an elephant&rsquo;s skin; or the brightness of the smile on the
+right face of &Ccedil;iva become manifest and taking a separate abode;
+or the white ash with which &Ccedil;iva besprinkles himself, in bodily
+shape; or moonlight made manifest to dispel the darkness of
+&Ccedil;iva&rsquo;s neck; or the embodied purity of Gaur&#299;&rsquo;s
+mind; or the impersonate chastity of K&#257;rtikeya; or the brightness
+of &Ccedil;iva&rsquo;s bull, dwelling apart from his body;
+(<span>260</span>) or the wealth of flowers on the temple trees come of
+themselves to worship &Ccedil;iva; or the fulness of
+Brahm&#257;&rsquo;s penance come down to earth; or the glory of the
+Praj&#257;patis of the Golden Age, resting after the fatigue of
+wandering through the seven worlds; or the Three Vedas, dwelling in the
+woods in grief at the overthrow of righteousness in the Kali Age; or
+the germ of a future Golden Age, in the form of a maiden; or the
+fulness of a muni&rsquo;s contemplation, in human shape; or a troop of
+heavenly elephants, falling into confusion on reaching the heavenly
+Ganges; or the beauty of Kail&#257;sa, fallen in dread of being
+<span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb97" href="#pb97" name=
+"pb97">97</a>]</span>uprooted by R&#257;va&#7751;a; or the Lakshm&#299;
+of the &Ccedil;vetadv&#299;pa<a class="noteref" id="xd21e3083src" href=
+"#xd21e3083" name="xd21e3083src">219</a> come to behold another
+continent; or the grace of an opening k&#257;&ccedil;a-blossom looking
+for the autumn; or the brightness of &Ccedil;esha&rsquo;s body leaving
+hell and come to earth; or the brilliance of Balar&#257;ma, which had
+left him in weariness of his intoxication; or a succession of bright
+fortnights massed together.</p>
+<p>&lsquo;&ldquo;She seemed from her whiteness to have taken a share
+from all the ham&#803;sas; (<span>261</span>) or to have come from the
+heart of righteousness; or to have been fashioned from a shell; or
+drawn from a pearl; or formed from lotus-fibres; or made of flakes of
+ivory; or purified by brushes of moonbeams; or inlaid with lime; or
+whitened with foam-balls of ambrosia; or laved in streams of
+quicksilver; or rubbed with melted silver; or dug out from the
+moon&rsquo;s orb; or decked with the hues of ku&#7789;aja, jasmine, and
+sinduv&#257;ra flowers. She seemed, in truth, to be the very furthest
+bound of whiteness. Her head was bright with matted locks hanging on
+her shoulders, made, as it were, of the brightness of morning rays
+taken from the sun on the Eastern Mountain, tawny like the quivering
+splendour of flashing lightning, and, being wet from recent bathing,
+marked with the dust of &Ccedil;iva&rsquo;s feet clasped in her
+devotion; she bore &Ccedil;iva&rsquo;s feet marked with his name in
+jewels on her head, fastened with a band of hair; (<span>262</span>)
+and her brow had a sectarial mark of ashes pure as the dust of stars
+ground by the heels of the sun&rsquo;s horses. (<span>266</span>) She
+was a goddess, and her age could not be known by earthly reckoning, but
+she resembled a maiden of eighteen summers.</p>
+<p>&lsquo;&ldquo;Having beheld her, Candr&#257;p&#299;&#7693;a
+dismounted, tied his horse to a bough, and then, reverently bowing
+before the blessed &Ccedil;iva, gazed again on that heavenly maiden
+with a steady unswerving glance. And as her beauty, grace, and serenity
+stirred his wonder, the thought arose in him: <span class=
+"pagenum">[<a id="pb98" href="#pb98" name=
+"pb98">98</a>]</span>&lsquo;How in this world each matter in its turn
+becomes of no value! For when I was pursuing the pair of Kinnaras
+wantonly and vainly I beheld this most beautiful place, inaccessible to
+men, and haunted by the immortals. (<span>267</span>) Then in my search
+for water I saw this delightful lake sought by the Siddhas. While I
+rested on its bank I heard a divine song; and as I followed the sound,
+this divine maiden, too fair for mortal sight, met my eyes. For I
+cannot doubt her divinity. Her very beauty proclaims her a goddess. And
+whence in the world of men could there arise such harmonies of heavenly
+minstrelsy? If, therefore, she vanishes not from my sight, nor mounts
+the summit of Kail&#257;sa, nor flies to the sky, I will draw near and
+ask her, &ldquo;Who art thou, and what is thy name, and why hast thou
+in the dawn of life undertaken this vow?&rdquo; This is all full of
+wonder.&rsquo; With this resolve he approached another pillar of the
+crystal shrine, and sat there, awaiting the end of the song.</p>
+<p>&lsquo;&ldquo;Then when she had stilled her lute, like a moon-lotus
+bed when the pleasant hum of the bees is silenced, (<span>268</span>)
+the maiden rose, made a sunwise turn and an obeisance to &Ccedil;iva,
+and then turning round, with a glance by nature clear, and by the power
+of penance confident, she, as it were, gave courage to
+Candr&#257;p&#299;&#7693;a, as if thereby she were sprinkling him with
+merits, laving him with holy water, purifying him with penance, freeing
+him from stain, giving him his heart&rsquo;s desire, and leading him to
+purity.</p>
+<p>&lsquo;&ldquo;&lsquo;Hail to my guest!&rsquo; said she. &lsquo;How
+has my lord reached this place? Rise, draw near, and receive a
+guest&rsquo;s due welcome.&rsquo; So she spake; and he, deeming himself
+honoured even by her deigning to speak with him, reverently arose and
+bowed before her. &lsquo;As thou biddest, lady,&rsquo; he replied, and
+showed his courtesy by following in her steps like a pupil. And on the
+way he thought: &lsquo;Lo, even when she beheld me she did not vanish!
+Truly a hope of asking her questions has taken hold of my heart. And
+when I see the courteous welcome, rich in kindness, of this maiden,
+fair though she be with a beauty rare in <span class="pagenum">[<a id=
+"pb99" href="#pb99" name="pb99">99</a>]</span>ascetics, I surely trust
+that at my petition she will tell me all her story.&rsquo;</p>
+<p>(<span>269</span>) &lsquo;&ldquo;Having gone about a hundred paces,
+he beheld a cave, with its entrance veiled by dense tam&#257;las,
+showing even by day a night of their own; its edge was vocal with the
+glad bees&rsquo; deep murmur on the bowers of creepers with their
+opening blossoms; it was bedewed with torrents that in their sheer
+descent fell in foam, dashing against the white rock, and cleft by the
+axe-like points of the jagged cliff, with a shrill crash as the cold
+spray rose up and broke; it was like a mass of waving cowries hanging
+from a door, from the cascades streaming down on either side, white as
+&Ccedil;iva&rsquo;s smile, or as pearly frost. Within was a circle of
+jewelled pitchers; on one side hung a veil worn in sacred meditation; a
+clean pair of shoes made of cocoanut matting hung on a peg; one corner
+held a bark bed gray with dust scattered by the ashes the maiden wore;
+the place of honour was filled by a bowl of shell carved with a chisel,
+like the orb of the moon; and close by there stood a gourd of
+ashes.</p>
+<p>&lsquo;&ldquo;On the rock at the entrance Candr&#257;p&#299;&#7693;a
+took his seat, and when the maiden, having laid her lute on the pillow
+of the bark bed, took in a leafy cup some water from the cascade to
+offer to her guest, and he said as she approached (<span>270</span>):
+&lsquo;Enough of these thy great toils. Cease this excess of grace. Be
+persuaded, lady. Let this too great honour be abandoned. The very sight
+of thee, like the aghamarsha&#7751;a hymn, stills all evil and
+sufficeth for purification. Deign to take thy seat!&rsquo; Yet being
+urged by her, he reverently, with head bent low, accepted all the
+homage she gave to her guest. When her cares for her guest were over,
+she sat down on another rock, and after a short silence he told, at her
+request, the whole story of his coming in pursuit of the pair of
+Kinnaras, beginning with his expedition of conquest. The maiden then
+rose, and, taking a begging bowl, wandered among the trees round the
+temple; and ere long her bowl was filled with fruits that had fallen of
+their own accord. As she invited <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb100"
+href="#pb100" name="pb100">100</a>]</span>Candr&#257;p&#299;&#7693;a to
+the enjoyment of them, the thought arose in his heart: &lsquo;Of a
+truth, there is nought beyond the power of penance. For it is a great
+marvel how the lords of the forest, albeit devoid of sense, yet, like
+beings endowed with sense, gain honour for themselves by casting down
+their fruits for this maiden. A wondrous sight is this, and one never
+seen before.&rsquo;</p>
+<p>&lsquo;&ldquo;So, marvelling yet more, he brought Indr&#257;yudha to
+that spot, unsaddled him, and tied him up hard by. (<span>271</span>)
+Then, having bathed in the torrent, he partook of the fruits, sweet as
+ambrosia, and drank the cool water of the cascade, and having rinsed
+his mouth, he waited apart while the maiden enjoyed her repast of
+water, roots, and fruit.</p>
+<p>&lsquo;&ldquo;When her meal was ended and she had said her evening
+prayer, and taken her seat fearlessly on the rock, the Prince quietly
+approached her, and sitting down near her, paused awhile and then
+respectfully said:</p>
+<p>&lsquo;&ldquo;&lsquo;Lady, the folly that besets mankind impels me
+even against my will to question thee, for I am bewildered by a
+curiosity that has taken courage from thy kindness. For even the
+slightest grace of a lord emboldens a weak nature: even a short time
+spent together creates intimacy. Even a slight acceptance of homage
+produces affection. Therefore, if it weary thee not, I pray thee to
+honour me with thy story. For from my first sight of thee a great
+eagerness has possessed me as to this matter. Is the race honoured by
+thy birth, lady, that of the Maruts, or &#7770;ishis, or Gandharvas, or
+Guhyakas, or Apsarases? And wherefore in thy fresh youth, tender as a
+flower, has this vow been taken? (<span>272</span>) For how far apart
+would seem thy youth, thy beauty, and thine exceeding grace, from this
+thy peace from all thoughts of earth! This is marvellous in mine eyes!
+And wherefore hast thou left the heavenly hermitages that gods may win,
+and that hold all things needful for the highest saints, to dwell alone
+in this deserted wood? And whereby hath thy body, though formed of the
+five gross elements, put on this pure whiteness? Never have I
+<span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb101" href="#pb101" name=
+"pb101">101</a>]</span>heard or seen aught such as this. I pray thee
+dispel my curiosity, and tell me all I ask.&rsquo;</p>
+<p>&lsquo;&ldquo;For a little time she pondered his request in silence,
+and then she began to weep noiselessly, and her eyes were blinded by
+tears which fell in large drops, carrying with them the purity of her
+heart, showering down the innocence of her senses, distilling the
+essence of asceticism, dropping in a liquid form the brightness of her
+eyes, most pure, falling on her white cheeks like a broken string of
+pearls, unceasing, splashing on her bosom covered by the bark robe.</p>
+<p>(<span>273</span>) &lsquo;&ldquo;And as he beheld her weeping
+Candr&#257;p&#299;&#7693;a reflected: &lsquo;How hardly can misfortune
+be warded off, if it takes for its own a beauty like this, which one
+might have deemed beyond its might! Of a truth there is none whom the
+sorrows of life in the body leave untouched. Strong indeed is the
+working of the opposed powers of pleasure and pain.<a class="noteref"
+id="xd21e3156src" href="#xd21e3156" name="xd21e3156src">220</a> These
+her tears have created in me a further curiosity, even greater than
+before. It is no slight grief that can take its abode in a form like
+hers. For it is not a feeble blow that causes the earth to
+tremble.&rsquo;</p>
+<p>&lsquo;&ldquo;While his curiosity was thus increased he felt himself
+guilty of recalling her grief, and rising, brought in his folded hand
+from the torrent some water to bathe her face. But she, though the
+torrent of her tears was in nowise checked by his gentleness, yet
+bathed her reddened eyes, and drying her face with the edge of her bark
+robe, slowly said with a long and bitter sigh:</p>
+<p>(<span>274</span>) &lsquo;&ldquo;&lsquo;Wherefore, Prince, wilt thou
+hear the story of my ascetic life, all unfit for thy ears? for cruel
+has been my heart, hard my destiny, and evil my condition, even from my
+birth. Still, if thy desire to know be great, hearken. It has come
+within the range of our hearing, usually directed to auspicious
+knowledge, that there are in the abode of the gods maidens called
+Apsarases. Of these there are fourteen families: one sprung from the
+mind of Brahm&#257;, another from the Vedas, another from fire,
+<span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb102" href="#pb102" name=
+"pb102">102</a>]</span>another from the wind, another from nectar when
+it was churned, another from water, another from the sun&rsquo;s rays,
+another from the moon&rsquo;s beams, another from earth, and another
+from lightning; one was fashioned by Death, and another created by
+Love; besides, Daksha, father of all, had among his many daughters two,
+Muni and Arish&#7789;&#257;, and from their union with the Gandharvas
+were sprung the other two families. These are, in sum, the fourteen
+races. But from the Gandharvas and the daughters of Daksha sprang these
+two families. Here Muni bore a sixteenth son, by name Citraratha, who
+excelled in virtues Sena and all the rest of his fifteen brothers. For
+his heroism was famed through the three worlds; his dignity was
+increased by the name of Friend, bestowed by Indra, whose lotus feet
+are caressed by the crests of the gods cast down before him; and even
+in childhood he gained the sovereignty of all the Gandharvas by a right
+arm tinged with the flashing of his sword. (<span>275</span>) Not far
+hence, north of the land of Bharata, is his dwelling,
+Hemak&#363;&#7789;a, a boundary mountain in the Kimpurusha country.
+There, protected by his arm, dwell innumerable Gandharvas. By him this
+pleasant wood, Caitraratha, was made, this great lake Acchoda was dug
+out, and this image of &Ccedil;iva was fashioned. But the son of
+Arish&#7789;&#257;, in the second Gandharva family, was as a child
+anointed king by Citraratha, lord of the Gandharvas, and now holds
+royal rank, and with a countless retinue of Gandharvas dwells likewise
+on this mountain. Now, from that family of Apsarases which sprang from
+the moon&rsquo;s nectar was born a maiden, fashioned as though by the
+grace of all the moon&rsquo;s digits poured in one stream, gladdening
+the eyes of the universe, moonbeam-fair, in name and nature a second
+Gaur&#299;.<a class="noteref" id="xd21e3176src" href="#xd21e3176" name=
+"xd21e3176src">221</a> (<span>276</span>) Her Ham&#803;sa, lord of the
+second family, wooed, as the Milky Ocean the Ganges; with him she was
+united, as Rati with K&#257;ma, or the lotus-bed with the autumn; and
+enjoying the great happiness of such a union she became the queen of
+his zenana. To this noble pair I was born as <span class=
+"pagenum">[<a id="pb103" href="#pb103" name="pb103">103</a>]</span>only
+daughter, ill-omened, a prey for grief, and a vessel for countless
+sorrows; my father, however, having no other child, greeted my birth
+with a great festival, surpassing that for a son, and on the tenth day,
+with the customary rites he gave me the fitting name of
+Mah&#257;&ccedil;vet&#257;. In his palace I spent my childhood, passed
+from lap to lap of the Gandharva dames, like a lute, as I murmured the
+prattle of babyhood, ignorant as yet of the sorrows of love; but in
+time fresh youth came to me as the honey-month to the spring, fresh
+shoots to the honey-month, flowers to the fresh shoots, bees to the
+flowers, and honey to the bees.</p>
+<p>&lsquo;&ldquo;&lsquo;<a class="noteref" id="xd21e3193src" href=
+"#xd21e3193" name="xd21e3193src">222</a>And one day in the month of
+honey I went down with my mother to the Acchoda lake to bathe, when its
+beauties were spread wide in the spring, and all its lotuses were in
+flower.</p>
+<p>(<span>278</span>) &lsquo;&ldquo;&lsquo;I worshipped the pictures of
+&Ccedil;iva, attended by B&#7771;ingiri&#7789;i, which were carved on
+the rocks of the bank by P&#257;rvat&#299; when she came down to bathe,
+and which had the reverential attendance of ascetics portrayed by the
+thin footprints left in the dust. &ldquo;How beautiful!&rdquo; I cried,
+&ldquo;is this bower of creepers, with its clusters of flowers of which
+the bees&rsquo; weight has broken the centre and bowed the filaments;
+this mango is fully in flower, and the honey pours through the holes in
+the stalks of its buds, which the cuckoo&rsquo;s sharp claws have
+pierced; how cool this sandal avenue, which the serpents, terrified at
+the murmur of hosts of wild peacocks, have deserted; how delightful the
+waving creepers, which betray by their fallen blossoms the swinging of
+the wood-nymphs upon them; how pleasant the foot of the trees on the
+bank where the kalaham&#803;sas have left the line of their steps
+imprinted in the pollen of many a flower!&rdquo; Drawn on thus by the
+ever-growing charms of the wood, I wandered with my companions.
+(<span>279</span>) And at a certain spot I smelt the fragrance of a
+flower strongly borne on the wind, overpowering that of all the rest,
+though the wood was in full blossom; it drew near, and by its great
+sweetness seemed to anoint, to <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb104"
+href="#pb104" name="pb104">104</a>]</span>delight, and to fill the
+sense of smell. Bees followed it, seeking to make it their own: it was
+truly a perfume unknown heretofore, and fit for the gods. I, too, eager
+to learn whence it came, with eyes turned into buds, and drawn on like
+a bee by that scent, and attracting to me the kalaham&#803;sas of the
+lake by the jangling of my anklets loudly clashed in the tremulous
+speed of my curiosity, advanced a few steps and beheld a graceful
+youthful ascetic coming down to bathe. He was like Spring doing penance
+in grief for Love made the fuel of &Ccedil;iva&rsquo;s fire, or the
+crescent on &Ccedil;iva&rsquo;s brow performing a vow to win a full
+orb, or Love restrained in his eagerness to conquer &Ccedil;iva: by his
+great splendour he appeared to be girt by a cage of quivering
+lightning, embosomed in the globe of the summer sun, or encircled in
+the flames of a furnace: (<span>280</span>) by the brightness of his
+form, flashing forth ever more and more, yellow as lamplight, he made
+the grove a tawny gold; his locks were yellow and soft like an amulet
+dyed in gorocan&#257;. The line of ashes on his brow made him like
+Ganges with the line of a fresh sandbank, as though it were a
+sandal-mark to win Sarasvat&#299;,<a class="noteref" id="xd21e3209src"
+href="#xd21e3209" name="xd21e3209src">223</a> and played the part of a
+banner of holiness; his eyebrows were an arch rising high over the
+abode of men&rsquo;s curses; his eyes were so long that he seemed to
+wear them as a chaplet; he shared with the deer the beauty of their
+glance; his nose was long and aquiline; the citron of his lower lip was
+rosy as with the glow of youth, which was refused an entrance to his
+heart; with his beardless cheek he was like a fresh lotus, the
+filaments of which have not yet been tossed by the bees in their sport;
+he was adorned with a sacrificial thread like the bent string of
+Love&rsquo;s bow, or a filament from the lotus grove of the pool of
+penance; in one hand he bore a pitcher like a kesara fruit with its
+stalk; in the other a crystal rosary, strung as it were with the tears
+of Rati wailing in grief for Love&rsquo;s death. (<span>281</span>) His
+loins were girt with a mu&ntilde;ja-grass girdle, as though he had
+assumed a <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb105" href="#pb105" name=
+"pb105">105</a>]</span>halo, having outvied the sun by his innate
+splendour; the office of vesture was performed by the bark of the
+heavenly coral-tree,<a class="noteref" id="xd21e3218src" href=
+"#xd21e3218" name="xd21e3218src">224</a> bright as the pink eyelid of
+an old partridge, and washed in the waves of the heavenly Ganges; he
+was the ornament of ascetic life, the youthful grace of holiness, the
+delight of Sarasvat&#299;, the chosen lord of all the sciences, and the
+meeting-place of all divine tradition. He had, like the summer
+season,<a class="noteref" id="xd21e3221src" href="#xd21e3221" name=
+"xd21e3221src">225</a> his &#257;sh&#257;&#7693;ha<a class="noteref"
+id="xd21e3224src" href="#xd21e3224" name="xd21e3224src">226</a>; he
+had, like a winter wood, the brightness of opening millet, and he had
+like the month of honey, a face adorned with white tilaka.<a class=
+"noteref" id="xd21e3227src" href="#xd21e3227" name=
+"xd21e3227src">227</a> With him there was a youthful ascetic gathering
+flowers to worship the gods, his equal in age and a friend worthy of
+himself.</p>
+<p>(<span>282</span>) &lsquo;&ldquo;&lsquo;Then I saw a wondrous spray
+of flowers which decked his ear, like the bright smile of woodland
+&Ccedil;r&#299; joying in the sight of spring, or the grain-offering of
+the honey-month welcoming the Malaya winds, or the youth of the
+Lakshm&#299; of flowers, or the cowrie that adorns Love&rsquo;s
+elephant; it was wooed by the bees; the Pleiads lent it their grace;
+and its honey was nectar. &ldquo;Surely,&rdquo; I decided, &ldquo;this
+is the fragrance which makes all other flowers scentless,&rdquo; and
+gazing at the youthful ascetic, the thought arose in my mind:
+&ldquo;Ah, how lavish is the Creator who has skill<a class="noteref"
+id="xd21e3241src" href="#xd21e3241" name="xd21e3241src">228</a> to
+produce the highest perfection of form, for he has compounded K&#257;ma
+of all miraculous beauty, excelling the universe, and yet has created
+this ascetic even more fair, surpassing him, like a second love-god,
+born of enchantment. (<span>283</span>) Methinks that when
+Brahm&#257;<a class="noteref" id="xd21e3247src" href="#xd21e3247" name=
+"xd21e3247src">229</a> made the moon&rsquo;s orb to gladden the world,
+and the lotuses to be Lakshm&#299;&rsquo;s palace of delight, he was
+but practising to gain skill for the creation of this ascetic&rsquo;s
+face; why else should such things be created? Surely it is false that
+the sun <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb106" href="#pb106" name=
+"pb106">106</a>]</span>with its ray Sushumn&#257;<a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e3261src" href="#xd21e3261" name="xd21e3261src">230</a> drinks all
+the digits of the moon as it wanes in the dark fortnight, for their
+beams are cast down to enter this fair form. How otherwise could there
+be such grace in one who lives in weary penance, beauty&rsquo;s
+destroyer?&rdquo; As I thus thought, Love, beauty&rsquo;s firm
+adherent, who knows not good from ill, and who is ever at hand to the
+young, enthralled me, together with my sighs, as the madness of spring
+takes captive the bee. Then with a right eye gazing steadily, the
+eyelashes half closed, the iris darkened by the pupil&rsquo;s tremulous
+sidelong glance, I looked long on him. With this glance I, as it were,
+drank him in, besought him, told him I was wholly his, offered my
+heart, tried to enter into him with my whole soul, sought to be
+absorbed in him, implored his protection to save Love&rsquo;s victim,
+showed my suppliant state that asked for a place in his heart;
+(<span>284</span>) and though I asked myself, &ldquo;What is this
+shameful feeling that has arisen in me, unseemly and unworthy a noble
+maiden?&rdquo; yet knowing this, I could not master myself, but with
+great difficulty stood firm, gazing at him. For I seemed to be
+paralyzed, or in a picture, or scattered abroad, or bound, or in a
+trance, and yet in wondrous wise upheld, as though when my limbs were
+failing, support was at the same moment given; for I know not how one
+can be certain in a matter that can neither be told nor taught, and
+that is not capable of being told, for it is only learnt from within.
+Can it be ascertained as presented by his beauty, or by my own mind, or
+by love, or by youth or affection, or by any other causes? I cannot
+tell. Lifted up and dragged towards him by my senses, led forward by my
+heart, urged from behind by Love, I yet by a strong effort restrained
+my impulse. (<span>285</span>) Straightway a storm of sighs went forth
+unceasingly, prompted by Love as he strove to find a place within me;
+and my bosom heaved as longing to speak earnestly to my heart, and then
+I thought to myself: &ldquo;What an unworthy action is this of vile
+K&#257;ma, who surrenders me to this cold ascetic free from
+<span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb107" href="#pb107" name=
+"pb107">107</a>]</span>all thoughts of love! Truly, the heart of woman
+is foolish exceedingly, since it cannot weigh the fitness of that which
+it loves. For what has this bright home of glory and penance to do with
+the stirrings of love that meaner men welcome? Surely in his heart he
+scorns me for being thus deceived by K&#257;ma! Strange it is that I
+who know this cannot restrain my feeling! (<span>286</span>) Other
+maidens, indeed, laying shame aside, have of their own accord gone to
+their lords; others have been maddened by that reckless love-god; but
+not as I am here alone! How in that one moment has my heart been thrown
+into turmoil by the mere sight of his form, and passed from my control!
+for time for knowledge and good qualities always make Love invincible.
+It is best for me to leave this place while I yet have my senses, and
+while he does not clearly see this my hateful folly of love. Perchance
+if he sees in me the effects of a love he cannot approve, he will in
+wrath make me feel his curse. For ascetics are ever prone to
+wrath.&rdquo; Thus having resolved, I was eager to depart, but,
+remembering that holy men should be reverenced by all, I made an
+obeisance to him with eyes turned to his face, eyelashes motionless,
+not glancing downwards, my cheek uncaressed by the flowers dancing in
+my ears, my garland tossing on my waving hair, and my jewelled earrings
+swinging on my shoulders.</p>
+<p>&lsquo;&ldquo;&lsquo;As I thus bent, the irresistible command of
+love, the inspiration of the spring, the charm of the place, the
+frowardness of youth, the unsteadiness of the senses,
+(<span>287</span>) the impatient longing for earthly goods, the
+fickleness of the mind, the destiny that rules events&mdash;in a word,
+my own cruel fate, and the fact that all my trouble was caused by him,
+were the means by which Love destroyed his firmness by the sight of my
+feeling, and made him waver towards me like a flame in the wind. He too
+was visibly thrilled, as if to welcome the newly-entering Love; his
+sighs went before him to show the way to his mind which was hastening
+towards me; the rosary in his hand trembled and shook, fearing the
+breaking of his vow; drops <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb108" href=
+"#pb108" name="pb108">108</a>]</span>rose on his cheek, like a second
+garland hanging from his ear; his eyes, as his pupils dilated and his
+glance widened in the joy of beholding me, turned the spot to a very
+lotus-grove, so that the ten regions were filled by the long rays
+coming forth like masses of open lotuses that had of their own accord
+left the Acchoda lake and were rising to the sky.</p>
+<p>&lsquo;&ldquo;&lsquo;By the manifest change in him my love was
+redoubled, and I fell that moment into a state I cannot describe, all
+unworthy of my caste. &ldquo;Surely,&rdquo; I reflected,
+&ldquo;K&#257;ma himself teaches this play of the eye, though generally
+after a long happy love, else whence comes this ascetic&rsquo;s gaze?
+(<span>288</span>) For his mind is unversed in the mingled feelings of
+earthly joys, and yet his eyes, though they have never learnt the art,
+pour forth the stream of love&rsquo;s sweetness, rain nectar, are half
+closed by joy, are slow with distress, heavy with sleep, roaming with
+pupils tremulous and languid with the weight of gladness, and yet
+bright with the play of his eyebrows. Whence comes this exceeding skill
+that tells the heart&rsquo;s longing wordlessly by a glance
+alone?&rdquo;</p>
+<p>&lsquo;&ldquo;&lsquo;Impelled by these thoughts I advanced, and
+bowing to the second young ascetic, his companion, I asked: &ldquo;What
+is the name of his Reverence? Of what ascetic is he the son? From what
+tree is this garland woven? For its scent, hitherto unknown, and of
+rare sweetness, kindles great curiosity in me.&rdquo;</p>
+<p>&lsquo;&ldquo;&lsquo;With a slight smile, he replied: &ldquo;Maiden,
+what needs this question? But I will enlighten thy curiosity.
+Listen!</p>
+<p>&lsquo;&ldquo;&lsquo;&ldquo;There dwells in the world of gods a
+great sage, &Ccedil;vetaketu; his noble character is famed through the
+universe; his feet are honoured by bands of siddhas, gods, and demons;
+(<span>289</span>) his beauty, exceeding that of
+Nalak&#363;bara,<a class="noteref" id="xd21e3296src" href="#xd21e3296"
+name="xd21e3296src">231</a> is dear to the three worlds, and gladdens
+the hearts of goddesses. Once upon a time, when seeking lotuses for the
+worship of the gods, he went down to the Heavenly Ganges, which lay
+white as &Ccedil;iva&rsquo;s smile, while <span class="pagenum">[<a id=
+"pb109" href="#pb109" name="pb109">109</a>]</span>its water was studded
+as with peacocks&rsquo; eyes by the ichor of Air&#257;vata. Straightway
+Lakshm&#299;, enthroned on a thousand-petalled white lotus close by,
+beheld him coming down among the flowers, and looking on him, she drank
+in his beauty with eyes half closed by love, and quivering with weight
+of joyous tears, and with her slender fingers laid on her
+softly-opening lips; and her heart was disturbed by Love; by her glance
+alone she won his affection. A son was born, and taking him in her arms
+with the words, &lsquo;Take him, for he is thine,&rsquo; she gave him
+to &Ccedil;vetaketu, who performed all the rites of a son&rsquo;s
+birth, and called him Pu&#7751;&#7693;ar&#299;ka, because he was born
+in a pu&#7751;&#7693;ar&#299;ka lotus. Moreover, after initiation, he
+led him through the whole circle of the arts. (<span>290</span>) This
+is Pu&#7751;&#7693;ar&#299;ka whom you see. And this spray comes from
+the p&#257;rij&#257;ta tree,<a class="noteref" id="xd21e3304src" href=
+"#xd21e3304" name="xd21e3304src">232</a> which rose when the Milky
+Ocean was churned by gods and demons. How it gained a place in his ear
+contrary to his vow, I will now tell. This being the fourteenth day of
+the month, he started with me from heaven to worship &Ccedil;iva, who
+had gone to Kail&#257;sa. On the way, near the Nandana Wood, a nymph,
+drunk with the juice of flowers, wearing fresh mango shoots in her ear,
+veiled completely by garlands falling to the knees, girt with kesara
+flowers, and resting on the fair hand lent her by the <span class=
+"corr" id="xd21e3308" title="Source: Laksm&#299;">Lakshm&#299;</span>
+of spring, took this spray of p&#257;rij&#257;ta, and bending low, thus
+addressed Pu&#7751;&#7693;ar&#299;ka: &lsquo;Sir, let, I pray, this thy
+form, that gladdens the eyes of the universe, have this spray as its
+fitting adornment; let it be placed on the tip of thy ear, for it has
+but the playfulness that belongs to a garland; let the birth of the
+p&#257;rij&#257;ta now reap its full blessing!&rsquo; At her words, his
+eyes were cast down in modesty at the praise he so well deserved, and
+he turned to depart without regarding her; but as I saw her following
+us, I said, &lsquo;What is the harm, friend. Let her courteous gift be
+accepted!&rsquo; and so by force, against his will, the spray adorns
+his ear. Now all has been told: who he is, whose son, and what this
+flower is, and how it has been raised to his ear.&rdquo;
+(<span>291</span>) <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb110" href="#pb110"
+name="pb110">110</a>]</span>When he had thus spoken,
+Pu&#7751;&#7693;ar&#299;ka said to me with a slight smile: &ldquo;Ah,
+curious maiden, why didst thou take the trouble to ask this? If the
+flower, with its sweet scent, please thee, do thou accept it,&rdquo;
+and advancing, he took it from his own ear and placed it in mine, as
+though, with the soft murmur of the bees on it, it were a prayer for
+love. At once, in my eagerness to touch his hand, a thrill arose in me,
+like a second p&#257;rij&#257;ta flower, where the garland lay; while
+he, in the pleasure of touching my cheek, did not see that from his
+tremulous fingers he had dropped his rosary at the same time as his
+timidity; but before it reached the ground I seized it, and playfully
+placed it on my neck, where it wore the grace of a necklace unlike all
+others, while I learnt the joy of having my neck clasped, as it were,
+by his arm.</p>
+<p>&lsquo;&ldquo;&lsquo;As our hearts were thus occupied with each
+other, my umbrella-bearer addressed me: &ldquo;Princess, the Queen has
+bathed. It is nearly time to go home. Do thou, therefore, also
+bathe.&rdquo; At her words, like a newly-caught elephant, rebellious at
+the first touch of the new hook, I was unwillingly dragged away, and as
+I went down to bathe, I could hardly withdraw my eyes, for they seemed
+to be drowned in the ambrosial beauty of his face, or caught in the
+thicket of my thrilling cheek, or pinned down by Love&rsquo;s shafts,
+or sewn fast by the cords<a class="noteref" id="xd21e3319src" href=
+"#xd21e3319" name="xd21e3319src">233</a> of his charms.</p>
+<p>(<span>292</span>) &lsquo;&ldquo;&lsquo;Meanwhile, the second young
+ascetic, seeing that he was losing his self-control, gently upbraided
+him: &ldquo;Dear Pu&#7751;&#7693;ar&#299;ka, this is unworthy of thee.
+This is the way trodden by common men. For the good are rich in
+self-control. Why dost thou, like a man of low caste, fail to restrain
+the turmoil of thy soul? Whence comes this hitherto unknown assault of
+the senses, which so transforms thee? Where is thine old firmness?
+Where thy conquest of the senses? Where thy self-control? Where thy
+calm of mind, thine inherited holiness, thy carelessness of earthly
+things? Where the teaching of thy guru, thy learning of the Vedas, thy
+resolves of asceticism, thy <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb111" href=
+"#pb111" name="pb111">111</a>]</span>hatred of pleasure, thine aversion
+to vain delights, thy passion for penance, thy distaste for enjoyments,
+thy rule over the impulses of youth? Verily all knowledge is fruitless,
+study of holy books is useless, initiation has lost its meaning,
+pondering the teaching of gurus avails not, proficiency is worthless,
+learning leads to nought, since even men like thee are stained by the
+touch of passion, and overcome by folly. (<span>293</span>) Thou dost
+not even see that thy rosary has fallen from thy hand, and has been
+carried away. Alas! how good sense fails in men thus struck down. Hold
+back this heart of thine, for this worthless girl is seeking to carry
+it away.&rdquo;</p>
+<p>&lsquo;&ldquo;&lsquo;To these words he replied, with some shame:
+&ldquo;Dear Kapi&ntilde;jala, why dost thou thus misunderstand me? I am
+not one to endure this reckless girl&rsquo;s offence in taking my
+rosary!&rdquo; and with his moonlike face beautiful in its feigned
+wrath, and adorned the more by the dread frown he tried to assume,
+while his lip trembled with longing to kiss me, he said to me,
+&ldquo;Playful maiden, thou shalt not move a step from this place
+without giving back my rosary.&rdquo; Thereupon I loosed from my neck a
+single row of pearls as the flower-offering that begins a dance in
+K&#257;ma&rsquo;s honour, and placed it in his outstretched hand, while
+his eyes were fixed on my face, and his mind was far away. I started to
+bathe, but how I started I know not, for my mother and my companions
+could hardly lead me away by force, like a river driven backwards, and
+I went home thinking only of him.</p>
+<p>(<span>294</span>) &lsquo;&ldquo;&lsquo;And entering the
+maidens&rsquo; dwelling, I began straightway to ask myself in my grief
+at his loss: &ldquo;Am I really back, or still there? Am I alone, or
+with my maidens? Am I silent, or beginning to speak? Am I awake or
+asleep? Do I weep or hold back my tears? Is this joy or sorrow, longing
+or despair, misfortune or gladness, day or night? Are these things
+pleasures or pains?&rdquo; All this I understood not. In my ignorance
+of Love&rsquo;s course, I knew not whither to go, what to do, hear,
+see, or speak, whom to tell, nor what remedy to seek. Entering the
+maidens&rsquo; <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb112" href="#pb112" name=
+"pb112">112</a>]</span>palace, I dismissed my friends at the door, and
+shut out my attendants, and then, putting aside all my occupations, I
+stood alone with my face against the jewelled window. I gazed at the
+region which, in its possession of him, was richly decked, endowed with
+great treasure, overflowed by the ocean of nectar, adorned with the
+rising of the full moon, and most fair to behold, I longed to ask his
+doings even of the breeze wafted from thence, or of the scent of the
+woodland flowers, or of the song of the birds. (<span>295</span>) I
+envied even the toils of penance for his devotion to them. For his
+sake, in the blind adherence of love, I took a vow of silence. I
+attributed grace to the ascetic garb, because he accepted it, beauty to
+youth because he owned it, charm to the p&#257;rij&#257;ta flower
+because it touched his ear, delight to heaven because he dwelt there,
+and invincible power to love because he was so fair. Though far away, I
+turned towards him as the lotus-bed to the sun, the tide to the moon,
+or the peacock to the cloud. I bore on my neck his rosary, like a charm
+against the loss of the life stricken by his absence. I stood
+motionless, though a thrill made the down on my cheek like a kadamba
+flower ear-ring, as it rose from the joy of being touched by his hand,
+and from the p&#257;rij&#257;ta spray in my ear, which spoke sweetly to
+me of him.</p>
+<p>&lsquo;&ldquo;&lsquo;Now my betel-bearer, Taralik&#257;, had been
+with me to bathe; she came back after me rather late, and softly
+addressed me in my sadness: &ldquo;Princess, one of those godlike
+ascetics we saw on the bank of Lake Acchoda&mdash;(<span>296</span>) he
+by whom this spray of the heavenly tree was placed in thy ear&mdash;as
+I was following thee, eluded the glance of his other self, and
+approaching me with soft steps between the branches of a flowering
+creeper, asked me concerning thee, saying, &lsquo;Damsel, who is this
+maiden? Whose daughter is she? What is her name? And whither goes
+she?&rsquo; I replied: &lsquo;She is sprung from Gaur&#299;, an Apsaras
+of the moon race, and her father Ham&#803;sa is king of all the
+Gandharvas; the nails of his feet are burnished by the tips of the
+jewelled aigrettes on the turbans of all the Gandharvas; <span class=
+"pagenum">[<a id="pb113" href="#pb113" name="pb113">113</a>]</span>his
+tree-like arms are marked by the cosmetics on the cheeks of his
+Gandharva wives, and the lotus-hand of Lakshm&#299; forms his
+footstool. The princess is named <span class="corr" id="xd21e3351"
+title=
+"Source: Mah&#257;&ccedil;ve&#7789;&#257;">Mah&#257;&ccedil;vet&#257;</span>,
+and she has set out now for the hill of Hemak&#363;&#7789;a, the abode
+of the Gandharvas.&rsquo;</p>
+<p>&lsquo;&ldquo;&lsquo;&ldquo;When this tale had been told by me, he
+thought silently for a moment, and then looking long at me with a
+steady gaze, as if gently entreating me, he said: &lsquo;Damsel, thy
+form, young as thou art, is of fair promise, and augurs truth and
+steadfastness. Grant me, therefore, one request.&rsquo; Courteously
+raising my hands, I reverently replied: (<span>297</span>)
+&lsquo;Wherefore say this? Who am I? When great-souled men such as
+thou, meet for the honour of the whole universe, deign to cast even
+their sin-removing glance on one like me, their act wins
+merit&mdash;much more if they give a command. Say, therefore, freely
+what is to be done. Let me be honoured by thy bidding.&rsquo;</p>
+<p>&lsquo;&ldquo;&lsquo;&ldquo;Thus addressed, he saluted me with a
+kindly glance, as a friend, a helper, or a giver of life; and taking a
+shoot from a tam&#257;la-tree hard by, he crushed it on the stones of
+the bank, broke off a piece from his upper bark garment as a tablet,
+and with the tam&#257;la-juice, sweet as the ichor of a gandha
+elephant, wrote with the nail of the little finger of his lotus-hand,
+and placed it in my hand, saying, &lsquo;Let this letter be secretly
+given by thee to that maiden when alone.&rsquo;&rdquo; With these words
+she drew it from the betel-box and showed it to me.</p>
+<p>&lsquo;&ldquo;&lsquo;As I took from her hand that bark letter, I was
+filled with this talk about him, which, though but a sound, produced
+the joy of contact, and though for the ears alone, had its pervading
+presence in all my limbs manifested by a thrill, as if it were a spell
+to invoke Love; and in his letter I beheld these lines:<a class=
+"noteref" id="xd21e3363src" href="#xd21e3363" name=
+"xd21e3363src">234</a></p>
+<div class="lgouter">
+<p class="line">A ham&#803;sa on the M&#257;nas lake, lured by a
+creeper&rsquo;s treacherous shine,</p>
+<p class="line">My heart is led a weary chase, lured by that pearly
+wreath of thine.<a class="noteref" id="xd21e3371src" href="#xd21e3371"
+name="xd21e3371src">235</a></p>
+</div>
+<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb114" href="#pb114" name=
+"pb114">114</a>]</span></p>
+<p>(<span>298</span>) &lsquo;&ldquo;&lsquo;By the reading of this, an
+even greater change for the worse was wrought in my lovesick mind, as
+in one who has lost his way, by also losing his bearings; as in a blind
+man, by a night of the dark fortnight; as in a dumb man, by cutting out
+the tongue; as in an ignorant man, by a conjuror&rsquo;s waving fan; as
+in a confused talker, by the delirium of fever; as in one poisoned, by
+the fatal sleep; as in a wicked man, by atheistic philosophy; as in one
+distraught, by strong drink; or as in one possessed, by the action of
+the possessing demon; so that in the turmoil it created in me, I was
+tossed like a river in flood. I honoured Taralik&#257; for having seen
+him again, as one who had acquired great merit, or who had tasted the
+joys of heaven, or had been visited by a god, or had her highest boon
+granted, or had drunk nectar, or had been anointed queen of the three
+worlds. I spoke to her reverently, as if, though always by me, she were
+a rare visitant, and though my familiar friend, she were hitherto
+unknown. I looked on her, though behind me, as above the world; I
+tenderly caressed the curls on her cheek, and entirely set at nought
+the condition of mistress and maid, again and again asking,
+(<span>299</span>) &ldquo;How was he seen by thee? What did he say to
+thee? How long wert thou there? How far did he follow us?&rdquo; And
+shutting out all my attendants, I spent the whole day with her in the
+palace, listening to that tale. The sun&rsquo;s orb hanging in the sky
+became crimson, sharing my heart&rsquo;s glow; the Lakshm&#299; of
+sunlight longing for the sight of the flushed sun, and preparing her
+lotus-couch, turned pale as though faint with love; the sunbeams, rosy
+as they fell on waters dyed with red chalk, rose from the lotus-beds
+clustering like herds of woodland elephants; the day, with an echo of
+the joyous neighing of the steeds of the sun&rsquo;s chariot longing to
+rest after their descent of the sky, entered the caves of Mount Meru;
+the lotus-beds, as the bees entered the folded leaves of the red
+lilies, seemed to close their eyes as though their hearts were darkened
+by a swoon at the sun&rsquo;s departure; the pairs of cakrav&#257;kas,
+each taking the other&rsquo;s heart, safely hidden in the hollow
+<span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb115" href="#pb115" name=
+"pb115">115</a>]</span>lotus-stalks whereof they had eaten together,
+were now parted; and my umbrella-bearer approaching me, said as
+follows: (<span>300</span>) &ldquo;Princess, one of those youthful
+hermits is at the door, and says he has come to beg for a
+rosary.&rdquo; At the hermit&rsquo;s name, though motionless, I seemed
+to approach the door, and suspecting the reason of his coming, I
+summoned another chamberlain, whom I sent, saying, &ldquo;Go and admit
+him.&rdquo; A moment later I beheld the young ascetic Kapi&ntilde;jala,
+who is to Pu&#7751;&#7693;ar&#299;ka as youth to beauty, love to youth,
+spring to love, southern breezes to spring, and who is indeed a friend
+worthy of him; he followed the hoary chamberlain as sunlight after
+moonlight. As he drew near his appearance betrayed to me trouble,
+sadness, distraction, entreaty, and a yearning unfulfilled. With a
+reverence I rose and respectfully brought him a seat; and when he was
+reluctantly forced to accept it, I washed his feet and dried them on
+the silken edge of my upper robe; and then sat by him on the bare
+ground. For a moment he waited, as if eager to speak, when he cast his
+eyes on Taralik&#257; close by. Knowing his desire at a glance, I said,
+&ldquo;Sir, she is one with me. (<span>301</span>) Speak
+fearlessly.&rdquo; At my words Kapi&ntilde;jala replied:
+&ldquo;Princess, what can I say? for through shame my voice does not
+reach the sphere of utterance. How far is the passionless ascetic who
+lives on roots in the woods from the illusion of passion that finds its
+home in restless souls, and is stained with longing for earthly
+pleasures, and filled with the manifold sports of the Love God. See how
+unseemly all this is! What has fate begun? God easily turns us into a
+laughing-stock! I know not if this be fitting with bark garments, or
+seemly for matted locks, or meet for penance, or consonant with the
+teaching of holiness! Such a mockery was never known! I needs must tell
+you the story. No other course is visible; no other remedy is
+perceived; no other refuge is at hand; no other way is before me. If it
+remains untold, even greater trouble will arise. A friend&rsquo;s life
+must be saved even at the loss of our own; so I will tell the tale:
+<span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb116" href="#pb116" name=
+"pb116">116</a>]</span></p>
+<p>&lsquo;&ldquo;&lsquo;&ldquo;It was in thy presence that I sternly
+rebuked Pu&#7751;&#7693;ar&#299;ka, and after that speech I left him in
+anger and went to another place, leaving my task of gathering flowers.
+After thy departure, I remained apart a short time, (<span>302</span>)
+and then, becoming anxious as to what he was doing, I turned back and
+examined the spot from behind a tree. As I did not see him there, the
+thought arose within me, &lsquo;His mind was enslaved by love, and
+perchance he followed her; and now that she is gone, he has regained
+his senses, and is ashamed to come within my sight; or he has gone from
+me in wrath, or departed hence to another place in search of me.&rsquo;
+Thus thinking, I waited some time, but, troubled by an absence I had
+never since my birth suffered for a moment, I again thought, &lsquo;It
+may be that, in shame at his failure in firmness, he will come to some
+harm; for shame makes everything possible; he must not, then, be left
+alone.&rsquo; With this resolve, I earnestly made search for him. But
+as I could not see him, though I sought on all sides, made anxious by
+love for my friend, I pictured this or that misfortune, and wandered
+long, examining glades of trees, creeper bowers among the sandal
+avenues, and the banks of lakes, carefully glancing on every side.
+(<span>303</span>) At length I beheld him in a thicket of creepers near
+a lake, a very birthplace for spring, most fair, and in its close
+growth appearing to be made wholly of flowers, of bees, of cuckoos, and
+of peacocks. From his entire absence of employment, he was as one
+painted, or engraved, or paralyzed, or dead, or asleep, or in a trance
+of meditation; he was motionless, yet wandering from his right course;
+alone, yet possessed by Love; all aglow, yet raising a pallid face;
+absent-minded, yet giving his love a place within him; silent, and yet
+telling a tale of Love&rsquo;s great woe; seated on a stone, yet
+standing in face of death. He was tormented by K&#257;ma, who yet, in
+fear of many a curse, remained unseen. By his great stillness he
+appeared to be deserted by the senses which had entered into him to
+behold the love that dwelt in his heart, and had fainted in fear at its
+unbearable heat, or <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb117" href="#pb117"
+name="pb117">117</a>]</span>had left him in wrath at the tossing of his
+mind. From eyes steadily closed, and dimmed within by the smoke of
+Love&rsquo;s keen fire, he ceaselessly poured forth a storm of tears
+trickling down through his eyelashes. (<span>304</span>) The filaments
+of the creepers near trembled in the sighs which rushed out, bearing
+the redness of his lips like the upstarting ruddy flame of K&#257;ma
+burning his heart. As his hand rested on his left cheek, his brow, from
+the clear rays of his nails rising upwards, seemed to have a fresh mark
+of sandal very pure; from the late removal of his earring, the
+p&#257;rij&#257;ta flower, his ear was endowed with a tam&#257;la shoot
+or a blue lotus by the bees that murmured a charm to bewitch love,
+under the guise of their soft hum as they crept up in longing for what
+remained of that fragrance. Under the guise of his hair rising in a
+passionate thrill he seemed to bear on his limbs a mass of broken
+points of the flowery darts of Love&rsquo;s arrows discharged into his
+pores. With his right hand he bore on his breast a string of pearls
+that, by being interlaced with the flashing rays of his nails, seemed
+bristling in joy at the pleasure of touching his palm, and that was, as
+it were, a banner of recklessness. He was pelted by the trees with
+pollen, like a powder to subdue Love; he was caressed by a&ccedil;oka
+shoots tossed by the wind, and transferring to him their rosy glow; he
+was besprinkled by woodland Lakshm&#299; with honey-dew from clusters
+of fresh flowers, like waters to crown Love; he was struck by Love with
+campak buds, which, as their fragrance was drunk in by bees, were like
+fiery barbs all smoking; (<span>305</span>) he was rebuked by the south
+wind, as if by the hum of the bees maddened by the many scents of the
+wood; he was bewildered by the honey-month, as by cries of &lsquo;All
+hail!&rsquo; to Spring raised by the cuckoos in their melodious
+ecstasy. Like the risen moon, he was robed in paleness; like the stream
+of Ganges in summer, he had dwindled to meagreness; like a sandal-tree
+with a fire at its heart, he was fading away. He seemed to have entered
+on another birth, and was as another man, strange and unfamiliar; he
+was changed into another shape. As <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb118"
+href="#pb118" name="pb118">118</a>]</span>one entered by an evil
+spirit, ruled by a great demon, possessed by a strong devil, drunk,
+deluded, blind, deaf, dumb, all merged in joy and love, he had reached
+the climax of the mind&rsquo;s slavery when possessed by Love, and his
+old self could no longer be known.</p>
+<p>&lsquo;&ldquo;&lsquo;&ldquo;As with a steady glance I long examined
+his sad state, I became despondent, and thought in my trembling heart:
+&lsquo;This is of a truth that Love whose force none can resist; for by
+him Pu&#7751;&#7693;ar&#299;ka has been in a moment brought to a state
+for which there is no cure. For how else could such a storehouse of
+learning become straightway unavailing? (<span>306</span>) It is, alas!
+a miracle in him who from childhood has been firm of nature and
+unswerving in conduct, and whose life was the envy of myself and the
+other young ascetics. Here, like a mean man, despising knowledge,
+contemning the power of penance, he has rooted up his deep
+steadfastness, and is paralyzed by Love. A youth which has never
+swerved is indeed rare!&rsquo; I went forward, and sitting down by him
+on the same stone, with my hand resting on his shoulder, I asked him,
+though his eyes were still closed: &lsquo;Dear
+Pu&#7751;&#7693;ar&#299;ka, tell me what this means.&rsquo; Then with
+great difficulty and effort he opened his eyes, which seemed fastened
+together by their long closing, and which were red from incessant
+weeping and overflowing with tears as if shaken and in pain, while
+their colour was that of a red lotus-bed veiled in white silk. He
+looked at me long with a very languid glance, and then, deeply sighing,
+in accents broken by shame, he slowly and with pain murmured:
+&lsquo;Dear Kapi&ntilde;jala, why ask me what thou knowest?&rsquo;
+Hearing this, and thinking that Pu&#7751;&#7693;ar&#299;ka was
+suffering in this way a cureless ill, but that still, as far as
+possible, a friend who is entering a wrong course should be held back
+to the utmost by those who love him, I replied: &lsquo;Dear
+Pu&#7751;&#7693;ar&#299;ka, I know it well. (<span>307</span>) I will
+only ask this question: Is this course you have begun taught by your
+gurus, or read in the holy books? or is this a way of winning holiness,
+or a fresh form of penance, or a path to heaven, or a mystic vow, or a
+means of salvation, <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb119" href="#pb119"
+name="pb119">119</a>]</span>or any other kind of discipline? Is this
+fitting for thee even to imagine, much less to see or tell? Like a
+fool, thou seest not that thou art made a laughing-stock by that
+miscreant Love. For it is the fool who is tormented by Love. For what
+is thy hope of happiness in such things as are honoured by the base,
+but blamed by the good? He truly waters a poison tree under the idea of
+duty, or embraces the sword plant for a lotus-wreath, or lays hold on a
+black snake, taking it for a line of smoke of black aloes, or touches a
+burning coal for a jewel, or tries to pull out the club-like tusk of a
+wild elephant, thinking it a lotus-fibre; he is a fool who places
+happiness in the pleasures of sense which end in sorrow. And thou,
+though knowing the real nature of the senses, why dost thou carry thy
+knowledge as the firefly his light,<a class="noteref" id="xd21e3443src"
+href="#xd21e3443" name="xd21e3443src">236</a> only to be concealed, in
+that thou restrainest not thy senses when they start out of their
+course like streams turbid<a class="noteref" id="xd21e3448src" href=
+"#xd21e3448" name="xd21e3448src">237</a> in their passionate onrush?
+Nor dost thou curb thy tossing mind. (<span>308</span>) Who, forsooth,
+is this Love-god? Relying on thy firmness, do thou revile this
+miscreant.&rsquo;</p>
+<p>&lsquo;&ldquo;&lsquo;&ldquo;As I thus spoke he wiped with his hand
+his eyes streaming with tears poured through his eyelashes, and while
+he yet leant on me, replied, rebuking my speech: &lsquo;Friend, what
+need of many words? Thou at least art untouched! Thou hast not fallen
+within the range of Love&rsquo;s shafts, cruel with the poison of
+snakes! It is easy to teach another! and when that other has his senses
+and his mind, and sees, hears, and knows what he has heard, and can
+discern good and evil, he is then fit for advice. But all this is far
+from me; all talk of stability, judgment, firmness, reflection, has
+come to an end. How do I even breathe but by strong effort? The time
+for advice is long past. The opportunity for firmness has been let
+slip; the hour for reflection is gone; the season for stability and
+judgment has passed away. Who but thee could give advice at this time,
+or could attempt to restrain my wandering? To whom but thee should I
+listen? or who <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb120" href="#pb120" name=
+"pb120">120</a>]</span>else in the world is a friend like thee? What
+ails me that I cannot restrain myself? Thou sawest in a moment my
+wretched plight. The time, then, for advice is now past.
+(<span>309</span>) While I breathe, I long for some cure for the fever
+of love, violent as the rays of twelve suns<a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e3468src" href="#xd21e3468" name="xd21e3468src">238</a> at the end
+of the world. My limbs are baked, my heart is seething, my eyes are
+burning, and my body on fire. Do, therefore, what the time
+demands.&rsquo; He then became silent, and after this speech I tried
+again and again to rouse him; but as he did not listen even when
+tenderly and affectionately exhorted in the words of the pure teaching
+of the &ccedil;&#257;stras full of cases like his own, together with
+the legendary histories, I thought, &lsquo;He is gone too far; he
+cannot be turned back. Advice is now useless, so I will make an effort
+just to preserve his life.&rsquo; With this resolve I rose and went,
+and tore up some juicy lotus-fibres from the lake; then, taking some
+lotus-petals marked by water, I plucked lotuses of all kinds, sweet
+with the fragrance of the aromatic pollen within, and prepared a couch
+on that same rock in the bower. And as he rested there at ease
+(<span>310</span>), I crushed soft twigs of the sandal-trees hard by,
+and with its juice, naturally sweet and cold as ice, made a mark on his
+brow, and anointed him from head to foot. I allayed the perspiration by
+camphor-dust powdered in my hand, broken from the interstices of the
+split bark of the trees near, and fanned him with a plantain-leaf
+dripping with pure water, while the bark robe he wore was moist with
+the sandal placed on his breast; and as I again and again strewed fresh
+lotus couches, and anointed him with sandal, and removed the
+perspiration, and constantly fanned him, the thought arose in my mind,
+&lsquo;Surely nothing is too hard for Love! For how far apart would
+seem Pu&#7751;&#7693;ar&#299;ka, by nature simple and content with his
+woodland home, like a fawn, and Mah&#257;&ccedil;vet&#257;, the
+Gandharva princess, a galaxy of graces: surely there is nothing for
+Love in the world hard, or difficult, or unsubdued, or impossible. He
+scornfully attempts the hardest tasks, nor can any resist him. For
+<span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb121" href="#pb121" name=
+"pb121">121</a>]</span>why speak of beings endowed with sense when, if
+it so please him, he can bring together even things without sense? For
+the night lotus-bed falls in love with the sun&rsquo;s ray, and the
+day-lotus leaves her hatred of the moon, and night is joined to day,
+(<span>311</span>) and moonlight waits on darkness, and shade stands in
+the face of light, and lightning stays firm in the cloud, and old age
+accompanies youth; and what more difficult thing can there be than that
+one like Pu&#7751;&#7693;ar&#299;ka, who is an ocean of unfathomable
+depth, should thus be brought to the lightness of grass? Where is his
+former penance, and where his present state? Truly it is a cureless ill
+that has befallen him! What must I now do or attempt, or whither go, or
+what refuge or resource, or help or remedy, or plan, or recourse, is
+there by which his life may be sustained? Or by what skill, or device,
+or means, or support, or thought, or solace, may he yet live?&rsquo;
+These and other such thoughts arose in my downcast heart. But again I
+thought, &lsquo;What avails dwelling on this useless thought? His life
+must be preserved by any means, good or bad, (<span>312</span>) and
+there is no other way to save it but by her union with him; and as he
+is timid by reason of his youth, and moreover thinks the affairs of
+love contrary to his vow, unseemly, and a mockery in himself, he
+certainly, even at his last breath, will not gratify his longing by
+himself approaching her. This his disease of love admits no delay. Good
+men always hold that a friend&rsquo;s life must be saved even by a
+blameworthy deed; so that though this is a shameful and wrong action,
+it has yet become imperative for me. What else can be done? What other
+course is there? I will certainly go to her. I will tell her his
+state.&rsquo; Thus thinking, I left the place on some pretext, and came
+hither without telling him, lest perchance he should feel that I was
+engaged in an unseemly employment, and should in shame hold me back.
+This being the state of affairs, thou, lady, art the judge of what
+action is needful for the time, worthy of so great a love, fitting for
+my coming, and right for thyself.&rdquo; With these words he became
+silent, fixing his eyes on my face to <span class="pagenum">[<a id=
+"pb122" href="#pb122" name="pb122">122</a>]</span>see what I should
+say. But I, having heard him, was plunged, as it were, into a lake of
+ambrosial joy, or immersed in an ocean of the sweets of love, floating
+above all joys, mounting to the pinnacle of all desires, resting at the
+utmost bound of gladness. I showed my happiness by joyful tears pouring
+clear, large, and heavy, because my eyelashes were not closed, strung
+like a garland by their unceasing succession, and not touching my
+cheek, because my face was somewhat bent in sudden shame;
+(<span>313</span>) and I thought at once: &ldquo;0 joy, that Love
+entangles him as well as me, so that even while tormenting me, he has
+in part showed me kindness; and if Pu&#7751;&#7693;ar&#299;ka is indeed
+in such a plight, what help has not Love given me, or what has he not
+done for me, or what friend is like him, or how could a false tale,
+even in sleep, pass the lips of the calm-souled Kapi&ntilde;jala? And
+if this be so, what must I do, and what must I say in his
+presence?&rdquo; While I was thus deliberating, a portress hastily
+entered, and said to me: &ldquo;Princess, the Queen has learnt from her
+attendants that thou art ill, and is now coming.&rdquo; On hearing
+this, Kapi&ntilde;jala, fearing the contact of a great throng, quickly
+rose, saying: &ldquo;Princess, a cause of great delay has arisen. The
+sun, the crest-jewel of the three worlds, is now sinking, so I will
+depart. But I raise my hands in salutation as a slight offering for the
+saving of my dear friend&rsquo;s life; that is my greatest
+treasure.&rdquo; (<span>314</span>) Then, without awaiting my reply, he
+with difficulty departed, for the door was blocked by the entrance of
+the attendants that heralded my Lady Mother. There were the portresses
+bearing golden staves; the chamberlains with unguents, cosmetics,
+flowers, and betel, holding waving cowries; and in their train were
+humpbacks, barbarians, deaf men, eunuchs, dwarfs, and deaf mutes.</p>
+<p>&lsquo;&ldquo;&lsquo;Then the Queen came to me, and after a long
+visit, went home; but I observed nothing of what she did, said, or
+attempted while with me, for my heart was far away. When she went the
+sun, with his steeds bright as harit&#257;la pigeons, lord of life to
+the lotuses, and friend of the <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb123"
+href="#pb123" name="pb123">123</a>]</span>cakrav&#257;kas, had sunk to
+rest, and the face of the West was growing crimson, and the lotus-beds
+were turning green, and the East was darkening to blue; and the world
+of mortals was overcome by a blackness like a wave of the ocean of
+final destruction turbid with the mud of hell. I knew not what to do,
+and asked Taralik&#257;, &ldquo;Seest thou not, Taralik&#257;, how
+confused is my mind? My senses are bewildered with uncertainty, and I
+am unable myself to see in the least what I should do.
+(<span>315</span>) Do thou tell me what is right to do, for
+Kapi&ntilde;jala is now gone, and he told his tale in thy presence.
+What if, like a base-born maiden, I cast away shame, relinquish
+self-control, desert modesty, contemn the reproach of men, transgress
+good behaviour, trample on conduct, despise noble birth, accept the
+disgrace of a course blinded by love, and without my father&rsquo;s
+leave, or my mother&rsquo;s approval, I were to go to him myself and
+offer him my hand? This transgression against my parents would be a
+great wrong. But if, taking the other alternative, I follow duty, I
+shall in the first place accept death, and even so I shall break the
+heart of his reverence Kapi&ntilde;jala, who loved him first, and who
+came hither of his own accord. And again, if perchance that man&rsquo;s
+death is brought about by my deed in destroying his hopes, then causing
+the death of an ascetic would be a grave sin.&rdquo; While I thus
+considered, the East became gray with the glimmering light of moonrise,
+like a line of woods in spring with the pollen of flowers. And in the
+moonlight the eastern quarter showed white as if with the powdered
+pearls from the frontal bone of the elephant of darkness torn open by
+the lion-moon, (<span>316</span>) or pale with sandal-dust falling from
+the breast of the nymphs of the eastern mountain, or light with the
+rising of sand in an island left by the tide, stirred by the wind on
+the waves of the ever-moving ocean. Slowly the moonlight glided down,
+and made bright the face of night, as if it were the flash of her teeth
+as she softly smiled at the sight of the moon; then evening shone with
+the moon&rsquo;s orb, as if it were the circle of &Ccedil;esha&rsquo;s
+hoods breaking through the earth as it rose <span class=
+"pagenum">[<a id="pb124" href="#pb124" name="pb124">124</a>]</span>from
+hell; after that, night became fair with the moon, the gladdener of the
+world of mortals, the delight of lovers, now leaving its childhood
+behind and becoming the ally of Love, with a youthful glow arising
+within it, the only fitting light for the enjoyment of Love&rsquo;s
+pleasures, ambrosial, climbing the sky like youth impersonate. Then I
+beheld the risen moon as if flushed with the coral of the ocean it had
+just left, crimsoned with the blood of its deer struck by the paw of
+the lion of the Eastern Mountain, marked with the lac of
+Rohi&#7751;&#299;&rsquo;s<a class="noteref" id="xd21e3503src" href=
+"#xd21e3503" name="xd21e3503src">239</a> feet, as she spurned her lord
+in a love quarrel, (<span>317</span>) and ruddy with his newly-kindled
+glow. And I, though the fire of Love burnt within me, had my heart
+darkened; though my body rested on the lap of Taralik&#257;, I was a
+captive in the hands of Love; though my eyes were fixed on the moon, I
+was looking on death, and I straightway thought, &ldquo;There are the
+honey-month, the Malaya winds, and all other such things brought
+together, and in the same place to have this evil miscreant moon cannot
+be endured. My heart cannot bear it. Its rising now is like a shower of
+coals to one consumed by fever, or a fall of snow to one ill from cold,
+or the bite of a black snake to one faint with the swelling of
+poison.&rdquo; And as I thus thought, a swoon closed my eyes, like the
+sleep brought by moonlight that withers the lotuses of the day. Soon,
+however, I regained consciousness by means of the fanning and sandal
+unguents of the bewildered Taralik&#257;, and I saw her weeping, her
+face dimmed with ceaseless tears, pressing the point of a moist
+moonstone to my brow, and seeming possessed by despair impersonate. As
+I opened my eyes, she fell at my feet, and said, raising hands yet wet
+with the thick sandal ointment: &ldquo;Princess, why think of shame or
+disrespect to parents? Be kind; send me, and I will fetch the beloved
+of thy heart; (<span>318</span>) rise, or go thither thyself.
+Henceforth thou canst not bear this Love that is an ocean whose
+manifold passionate waves<a class="noteref" id="xd21e3513src" href=
+"#xd21e3513" name="xd21e3513src">240</a> are swelling at the rise of a
+strong moon.&rdquo; To this speech <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb125"
+href="#pb125" name="pb125">125</a>]</span>I replied: &ldquo;Mad girl,
+what is love to me? The moon it is, even the lord of the night lotuses,
+who removes all scruples, undermines all search for means of escape,
+conceals all difficulties, takes away all doubts, contemns all fears,
+roots out all shame, veils the sinful levity of going myself to my
+lover, avoids all delay, and has come merely to lead me either to
+Pu&#7751;&#7693;ar&#299;ka or to death. Rise, therefore; for while I
+have life I will follow him and honour him who, dear as he is, tortures
+my heart.&rdquo; Thus saying, I rose, leaning on her, for my limbs were
+yet unsteady with the weakness of the swoon caused by Love, and as I
+rose my right eye throbbed, presaging ill, and in sudden terror I
+thought: &ldquo;What new thing is this threatened by
+Destiny?&rdquo;</p>
+<p>(<span>319</span>) &lsquo;&ldquo;&lsquo;The firmament was now
+flooded with moonlight, as if the moon&rsquo;s orb, which had not yet
+risen far, was, like the waterpipe of the temple of the universe,
+discharging a thousand streams of the heavenly Ganges, pouring forth
+the waves of an ambrosial ocean, shedding many a cascade of
+sandal-juice, and bearing floods of nectar; the world seemed to learn
+what life was in the White Continent, and the pleasures of seeing the
+land of Soma; the round earth was being poured out from the depths of a
+Milky Ocean by the moon, which was like the rounded tusk of the Great
+Boar; the moonrise offerings were being presented in every house by the
+women with sandal-water fragrant with open lotuses; the highways were
+crowded with thousands of women-messengers sent by fair ladies; girls
+going to meet their lovers ran hither and thither, veiled in blue silk
+and fluttered by the dread of the bright moonlight as if they were the
+nymphs of the white day lotus groves concealed in the splendours of the
+blue lotuses; the sky became an alluvial island in the river of night,
+with its centre whitened by the thick pollen of the groves of open
+night lotuses; while the night lotus-beds in the house-tanks were
+waking, encircled by bees which clung to every blossom;
+(<span>320</span>) the world of mortals was, like the ocean, unable to
+contain the joy of moonrise, and seemed made of love, of festivity, of
+mirth, and of tenderness: evening was <span class="pagenum">[<a id=
+"pb126" href="#pb126" name="pb126">126</a>]</span>pleasant with the
+murmur of peacocks garrulous in gladness at the cascade that fell from
+the waterpipes of moonstone.</p>
+<p>&lsquo;&ldquo;&lsquo;Taralik&#257; accompanied me, holding powders,
+perfumes, unguents, betel, and various flowers, and I had also that
+napkin, wet with the sandal ointment which had been applied in my
+swoon, and which had its nap slightly disordered and gray with the
+partly-dried mark of sandalwood clinging to it; the rosary was on my
+neck; the p&#257;rij&#257;ta spray was kissing the tip of my ear;
+veiled in red silk that seemed fashioned from rays of rubies, I went
+down from the top of that palace, unseen by any of my devoted
+attendants. On my way I was pursued by a swarm of bees, which hastened,
+leaving lotus-beds and deserting gardens, drawn by the scent of the
+p&#257;rij&#257;ta spray, sportively forming a blue veil round me. I
+departed through the door of the pleasure-grove and set out to meet
+Pu&#7751;&#7693;ar&#299;ka. (<span>321</span>) As I went, I thought,
+seeing myself attended by Taralik&#257; only: &ldquo;What needs pomp of
+retinue when we seek our dearest! Surely our servants then but play a
+mockery of attendance, for Love follows me with shaft fitted to the
+strung bow; the moon, stretching out a long ray,<a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e3541src" href="#xd21e3541" name="xd21e3541src">241</a> draws me
+on like a hand; passion supports me at every step from fear of a fall;
+my heart rushes on with the senses, leaving shame behind; longing has
+gained certainty, and leads me on.&rdquo; Aloud I said: &ldquo;Oh,
+Taralik&#257;, would that this miscreant moon would with its beams
+seize him by the hair and draw him forward like myself!&rdquo; As I
+thus spoke, she smilingly replied: &ldquo;Thou art foolish, my
+princess! What does the moon want with Pu&#7751;&#7693;ar&#299;ka? Nay,
+rather, he himself, as though wounded by Love, does all these things
+for thee; for under the guise of his image he kisses thy cheeks marked
+with drops of perspiration; with trembling ray he falls on thy fair
+breast; he touches the gems of thy girdle; entangled in thy bright
+nails, he falls at thy feet; moreover, the form of this lovesick moon
+wears the pallor of a sandal unguent dried by fever; (<span>322</span>)
+he stretches out his rays<a class="noteref" id="xd21e3547src" href=
+"#xd21e3547" name="xd21e3547src">242</a> white as lotus-fibres; under
+<span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb127" href="#pb127" name=
+"pb127">127</a>]</span>the guise of his reflection he falls on crystal
+pavements; with rays<a class="noteref" id="xd21e3553src" href=
+"#xd21e3553" name="xd21e3553src">243</a> gray as the dust from the
+filaments inside the ketak&#299;, he plunges into lotus-pools; he
+touches with his beams<a class="noteref" id="xd21e3556src" href=
+"#xd21e3556" name="xd21e3556src">244</a> the moonstones wet with spray;
+he hates the day lotus-groves with their pairs of cakrav&#257;kas once
+severed.&rdquo; With such discourse fitting for the time I approached
+that spot in her company. I then bathed my feet, gray with pollen from
+the creeper flowers on our path, in a spot near
+Kapi&ntilde;jala&rsquo;s abode which had a stream of moonstone,
+liquefied by moonrise, flowing from Kail&#257;sa&rsquo;s slope; and
+there, on the left bank of the lake, I heard the sound of a man&rsquo;s
+weeping, softened by distance. Some fear had arisen within me at first,
+from the quivering of my right eye, and now that my heart was yet more
+torn by this cry, as if my downcast mind were telling some dreadful
+tidings within, I cried in terror: &ldquo;Taralik&#257;, what means
+this?&rdquo; And with trembling limbs I breathlessly hastened on.</p>
+<p>&lsquo;&ldquo;&lsquo;Then I heard afar a bitter cry, clear in the
+calm of night: &ldquo;Alas, I am undone! I am consumed! I am deceived!
+What is this that has befallen me? What has happened? I am uprooted!
+(<span>323</span>) Cruel demon Love, evil and pitiless, what shameful
+deed hast thou brought to pass? Ah, wicked, evil, wanton
+Mah&#257;&ccedil;vet&#257;, how had he harmed thee? Ah, evil, wanton,
+monstrous<a class="noteref" id="xd21e3564src" href="#xd21e3564" name=
+"xd21e3564src">245</a> moon, thou hast gained thy desire. Cruel soft
+breeze of the South, thy softness is gone, and thy will is fulfilled.
+That which was to be done is done. Go now as thou wilt! Ah, venerable
+&Ccedil;vetaketu, tender to thy son, thou knowest not that thy life is
+stolen from thee! Dharma, thou art dispossessed! Penance, thou art
+protectorless! Eloquence, thou art widowed! Truth, thou art lordless!
+Heaven, thou art void! Friend, protect me! Yet I will follow thee! I
+cannot remain even a moment without thee, alone! How canst thou now
+suddenly leave me, and go thy way like a stranger on whom my eyes had
+never rested? <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb128" href="#pb128" name=
+"pb128">128</a>]</span>Whence comes this thy great hardness? Say,
+whither, without thee, shall I go? Whom shall I implore? What refuge
+shall I seek? I am blinded! For me space is empty! Life is aimless,
+penance vain, the world void of joy! With whom shall I wander, to whom
+speak, with whom hold converse? Do thou arise! Grant me an answer.
+Friend, where is thine old love to me? Where that smiling welcome that
+never failed me?&rdquo;</p>
+<p>(<span>324</span>) &lsquo;&ldquo;&lsquo;Such were the words I heard
+Kapi&ntilde;jala utter; and as I heard them I uttered a loud cry, while
+yet far off, as if my life had fallen; and with my silk cloak torn as
+it clung to the creepers by the lake&rsquo;s bank, and my feet placed
+on the ground regardless of its being rough or even, and as hastily as
+I could, I went on to that place, stumbling at every step, and yet as
+if led on by one who lifted me up again.</p>
+<p>&lsquo;&ldquo;&lsquo;There I beheld Pu&#7751;&#7693;ar&#299;ka lying
+on a couch made on a slab of moonstone wet with showers of cool spray,
+close to the lake; it was made of lotus-fibres like a garland of tender
+flowers from all lilies, and seemed to be formed wholly of the points
+of Love&rsquo;s arrows. Pu&#7751;&#7693;ar&#299;ka seemed from his
+great stillness to be listening for the sound of my step. He seemed to
+have gained a moment&rsquo;s happiness in sleep, as if Love&rsquo;s
+pain had been quenched by inward wrath; he seemed engaged in a yoga
+penance of holding his breath, as an atonement for his breach of
+ascetic duty; he seemed to murmur, with bright yet trembling lip:
+&ldquo;By thy deed am I come to this pass.&rdquo; He seemed pierced by
+the moonbeams which, under the guise of his bright finger-nails placed
+on a heart throbbing with Love&rsquo;s fire, fell on his back as he lay
+averted in hatred of the moon. (<span>325</span>) He bore a mark on his
+brow of a line of sandal, which, by its being pale from dryness, was
+like a digit of Love&rsquo;s waning moon portending his own
+destruction. Life seemed to leave him in anger, saying: &ldquo;Fool,
+another is dearer to thee than I!&rdquo; His eyes were not wholly
+closed; their pupils were slightly turned to look; they were red with
+ceaseless weeping; they seemed to drop blood, since by failure of
+breath <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb129" href="#pb129" name=
+"pb129">129</a>]</span>his tears were exhausted; and they were partly
+curved in pain at Love&rsquo;s darts. He now experienced the pain of
+unconsciousness, as if together with the torment of love he were also
+yielding life itself; he seemed to meditate a new version of
+Love&rsquo;s mystery, and to practise an unwonted retention of breath.
+His life seemed to be carried off as a prize<a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e3583src" href="#xd21e3583" name="xd21e3583src">246</a> by Love,
+who had in kindness arranged my coming. On his brow was a sandal
+tripu&#7751;&#7693;raka mark; he wore a sacrificial thread of juicy
+lotus-fibre; his dress clung to his shoulder beautiful as the leaf that
+ensheathes a plantain; his rosary had only the thickness of a single
+row;<a class="noteref" id="xd21e3588src" href="#xd21e3588" name=
+"xd21e3588src">247</a> the ashes on his brow were of abundant white
+camphor-powder; he was fair with the string of lotus-fibre, bound on
+his arm as an amulet; he seemed to wear the garb of Love&rsquo;s vow,
+as if completing a charm for my coming. With his eye he tenderly
+uttered the reproach: &ldquo;Hard-hearted! I was but followed by one
+glance, and never again received thy favour.&rdquo; (<span>326</span>)
+His lips were slightly open, so that his form gleamed white in the rays
+of his teeth, which came forth as if they were moonbeams that had
+entered him to take away his life; with his left hand placed on a heart
+breaking with the pain of love, he seemed to say: &ldquo;Be kind,
+depart not with my life, thou that art dear as life!&rdquo; and so to
+hold me firmly in his heart; his right hand, which from the uneven rays
+of his nails jutting forth seemed to drop sandal, was raised as if to
+ward off the moonlight; near him stood his pitcher, the friend of his
+penance, with neck upright, as if it gazed at the path by which his
+life was just rising; the garland of lotus-fibres which adorned his
+neck bound him as if with a rope of moonbeams to lead him to another
+world; and when, at the sight of me, Kapi&ntilde;jala, with a cry of
+&ldquo;Help, help!&rdquo; raised his hands, and crying aloud with
+redoubled tears, fell on his neck, at that very moment I, wicked and
+ill-fated as I was, beheld that noble youth yield up his life. The
+darkness of a swoon came upon me, and I descended <span class=
+"pagenum">[<a id="pb130" href="#pb130" name="pb130">130</a>]</span>into
+hell; nor knew I anything of whither I then went, or what I did or
+said. Neither knew I why my life did not at that moment leave me;
+(<span>327</span>) whether from the utter hardness of my stupefied
+heart, or from the callousness to bear thousands of troubles of my
+wretched body, or from being fated to endure a long grief, or from
+being a vessel of evil earned in another birth, or from the skill of my
+cruel destiny in bestowing sorrow, or from the singular perversity of
+malign accursed love. Only this I know: that when at length in my
+misery I regained consciousness, I found myself writhing on the ground,
+tortured, as if I had fallen on a fire, by a grief too hard to bear. I
+could not believe aught so impossible as that he should die and I yet
+live, and rising with a bitter cry of &ldquo;Alas, what is
+this&mdash;mother, father, friends?&rdquo; I exclaimed: &ldquo;Ah, my
+Lord, thou who upholdest my life, speak to me! Whither goest thou,
+pitilessly leaving me alone and protectorless? Ask Taralik&#257; what I
+have suffered for thy sake. Hardly have I been able to pass the day,
+drawn out into a thousand ages. Be gracious! Utter but one word! Show
+tenderness to her that loves thee! Look but a little on me! Fulfil my
+longing! I am wretched! I am loyal! I am thine in heart! I am lordless!
+I am young! I am helpless! I am unhappy! I am bereft of other refuge! I
+am vanquished by Love! Why showest thou no pity? Say what I have done
+or left undone, what command I have neglected, or in what thing
+pleasing to thee I have not shown affection, that thou art wroth.
+(<span>328</span>) Fearest thou not the reproach of men in that thou
+goest, deserting me, thy handmaid, without cause? Yet why think of me,
+perverse and wicked, and skilled to deceive by false shows of love!
+Alas, I yet live! Alas, I am accursed and undone! For why? I have
+neither thee, nor honour, nor kinsfolk, nor heaven. Shame on me, a
+worker of evil deeds, for whose sake this fate hath befallen thee.
+There is none of so murderous a heart as I who went home, leaving one
+so peerless as thou. What to me were home, mother, father, kinsfolk,
+followers? Alas, to what refuge shall I flee? Fate, show pity to me!
+<span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb131" href="#pb131" name=
+"pb131">131</a>]</span>I entreat thee. Lady of destiny, give me a boon
+of mercy! Show compassion! Protect a lordless lady! Ye woodland
+goddesses, be kind! Give back his life! Help, Earth, that bringest
+favours to all! Night, showest thou no mercy? Father Kail&#257;sa, thy
+protection I implore. Show thy wonted pity!&rdquo; Such were my
+laments, so far as I remember, and I murmured incoherently as one held
+by a demon, or possessed or mad, or struck down by an evil spirit. In
+the tears that fell in torrents upon me I was turned to water, I melted
+away, I took upon me a shape of water; my laments, followed by the
+sharp rays of my teeth, fell as if with showers of tears;
+(<span>329</span>) my hair, with its flowers ever falling, seemed to
+shed teardrops, and my very ornaments by the tears of pure gemlight
+that sprang from them seemed to raise their lament. I longed for my own
+death as for his life; I yearned to enter his heart with my whole soul,
+dead though he were; with my hand I touched his cheeks, and his brow
+with the roots of his hair, white with dry sandal, and his shoulders
+with the lotus-fibres on them, and his heart covered with lotus-leaves
+and flecks of sandal-juice. With the tender reproach, &ldquo;Thou art
+cruel, Pu&#7751;&#7693;ar&#299;ka! Thou carest nought that I am thus
+wretched!&rdquo; I again sought to win him back. I again embraced him,
+I again clasped his neck, and wept aloud. Then I rebuked that string of
+pearls, saying: &ldquo;Ah, wicked one, couldst not even thou have
+preserved his life till my coming?&rdquo; Then again I fell at
+Kapi&ntilde;jala&rsquo;s feet with the prayer, &ldquo;Be kind, my lord;
+restore him to life!&rdquo; and again, clinging to
+Taralik&#257;&rsquo;s neck, I wept. Even now, when I think of it, I
+know not how these piteous, tender words came forth from my ill-fated
+heart&mdash;words all unthought, unlearnt, untaught, unseen before; nor
+whence these utterances arose; nor whence these heart-rending cries of
+despair. My whole being was changed. (<span>330</span>) For there rose
+a deluge wave of inward tears, the springs of weeping were set loose,
+the buds of wailing came forth, the peaks of sorrow grew lofty and a
+long line of madness was begun.&rsquo; And so, as she thus told her own
+tale, she seemed <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb132" href="#pb132"
+name="pb132">132</a>]</span>again to taste the bitterness of that
+former plight, so cruel, and so hardly endured, and a swoon bereft her
+of sense. In the force of her swoon she fell on the rock, and
+Candr&#257;p&#299;&#7693;a hastily stretched out his hand, like her
+servant, and supported her, full of sorrow. At length he brought her
+back to consciousness by fanning her with the edge of her own bark
+garment, wet with tears. Filled with pity, and with his cheeks bathed
+in tears, he said to her, as she came to life: &lsquo;Lady, it is by my
+fault that thy grief has been brought back to its first freshness, and
+that thou hast come to this pass. Therefore no more of this tale. Let
+it be ended. Even I cannot bear to hear it. For the story even of past
+sorrow endured by a friend pains us as if we ourselves were living
+through it.<a class="noteref" id="xd21e3616src" href="#xd21e3616" name=
+"xd21e3616src">248</a> Thou wilt not therefore surely place on the fire
+of grief that life so precious and so hardly preserved?&rsquo;
+(<span>331</span>) Thus addressed, with a long, hot sigh and eyes
+dissolved in tears, she despairingly replied: &lsquo;Prince, even in
+that dreadful night my hated life did not desert me;<a class="noteref"
+id="xd21e3625src" href="#xd21e3625" name="xd21e3625src">249</a> it is
+not likely that it will leave me now. Even blessed Death turns away his
+eyes from one so ill-fated and wicked. Whence could one so hard-hearted
+feel grief? all this can be but feigned in a nature so vile. But be
+that as it may, that shameless heart has made me chief among the
+shameless. For to one so adamantine as to have seen love in all his
+power, and yet to have lived through this, what can mere speaking of it
+matter?</p>
+<p>&lsquo;&ldquo;&lsquo;Or what could there be harder to tell than this
+very thing, which is supposed to be impossible to hear or say? I will
+at least briefly tell the marvel that followed on that thunderbolt, and
+I will tell, too, what came as a tiny dim cause of my prolonging my
+life, which by its mirage so deludes me that I bear about a hated body,
+almost dead, alien to me, burdensome, unfitted to my needs, and
+thankless for my care. That shall suffice. Afterwards, in a sudden
+change<a class="noteref" id="xd21e3633src" href="#xd21e3633" name=
+"xd21e3633src">250</a> of feeling, with resolve firmly set on death,
+lamenting bitterly, I cried to Taralik&#257;: &ldquo;Rise,
+cruel-hearted <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb133" href="#pb133" name=
+"pb133">133</a>]</span>girl; how long wilt thou weep? Bring together
+wood and make a pile. I will follow the lord of my life.&rdquo;</p>
+<p>(<span>332</span>) &lsquo;&ldquo;&lsquo;Straightway a being swiftly
+left the moon&rsquo;s orb and descended from the sky. Behind him he
+trailed a silken vesture hanging from his crest, white as the foam of
+nectar, and waving in the wind; his cheeks were reddened with the
+bright gems that swayed in his ears; on his breast he bore a radiant
+necklace, from the size of its pearls like a cluster of stars; his
+turban was tied with strips of white silk; his head was thick with
+curling locks, and dark as bees; his earring was an open moon lotus; on
+his shoulder was the impress of the saffron lines that adorned his
+wives; he was white as a moon lotus, lofty in stature, endowed with all
+the marks of greatness, and godlike in form; he seemed to purify space
+by the light shed round him clear as pure water, and to anoint it as by
+a thick frost with a dewy ambrosial shower that created a chill as he
+shed it from his limbs, cool and fragrant, and to besprinkle it with a
+rich store of go&ccedil;&#299;rsha<a class="noteref" id="xd21e3646src"
+href="#xd21e3646" name="xd21e3646src">251</a> sandal-juice.</p>
+<p>&lsquo;&ldquo;&lsquo;With arms sturdy as the trunk of Air&#257;vata,
+and fingers white as lotus-fibres and cool to the touch, he lifted my
+dead lord, (<span>333</span>) and, in a voice deep as a drum, he said
+to me: &ldquo;Mah&#257;&ccedil;vet&#257;, my child, thou must not die;
+for thou shalt again be united with him!&rdquo; And with these words,
+tender as a father&rsquo;s, he flew into the sky with
+Pu&#7751;&#7693;ar&#299;ka.</p>
+<p>&lsquo;&ldquo;&lsquo;But this sudden event filled me with fear,
+dismay, and eager anxiety, and with upraised face I asked
+Kapi&ntilde;jala what it might mean. He, however, started up hastily
+without replying, and with the cry, &ldquo;Monster, whither goest thou
+with my friend?&rdquo; with uplifted eyes and sudden wrath he hastily
+girt up his loins, and following him in his flight, in hot pursuit he
+rose into the sky; and while I yet gazed they all entered amongst the
+stars. But the departure of Kapi&ntilde;jala was to me like a second
+death of my beloved, and it redoubled my grief, so that my heart was
+rent asunder. Bewildered what to do, I cried to Taralik&#257;:
+&ldquo;Knowest thou <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb134" href="#pb134"
+name="pb134">134</a>]</span>not? Tell me what this means!&rdquo; But
+she, with all a woman&rsquo;s timidity at the sight, was at that very
+moment trembling in all her limbs, overcome by a fear stronger than her
+grief, and was frightened, moreover, by the dread of my death; and so
+with downcast heart she piteously replied: &ldquo;Princess, wretch that
+I am, I know not! Yet this is a great miracle. The man is of no mortal
+mould, and thou wert pityingly comforted by him in his flight as by a
+father. Such godlike beings are not wont to deceive us, even in sleep,
+much less face to face; and when I think it over I cannot see the least
+cause for his speaking falsely. (<span>334</span>) It is meet,
+therefore, that thou shouldst weigh it, and restrain thy longing for
+death. In thy present state it is in truth a great ground for comfort.
+Moreover, Kapi&ntilde;jala has gone in pursuit of
+Pu&#7751;&#7693;ar&#299;ka. From him thou canst learn whence and who
+this being is, and why Pu&#7751;&#7693;ar&#299;ka on his death was by
+him raised and carried off, and whither he is carried, and wherefore
+thou wert consoled by him with the boon of a hope of reunion that
+exceeds thought; then thou canst devote thyself either to life or
+death. For when death is resolved upon, it is easy to compass. But this
+can wait; for Kapi&ntilde;jala, if he lives, will certainly not rest
+without seeing thee; therefore let thy life be preserved till his
+return.&rdquo; Thus saying, she fell at my feet. And I, from the thirst
+for life that mortals find so hard to overcome, and from the weakness
+of woman&rsquo;s nature, and from the illusion his words had created,
+and from my anxiety for Kapi&ntilde;jala&rsquo;s return, thought that
+that plan was best for the time, and did not die. For what will not
+hope achieve?</p>
+<p>&lsquo;&ldquo;&lsquo;That night I spent in Taralik&#257;&rsquo;s
+company on the bank of the lake. To my wretchedness it was like a night
+of doom,<a class="noteref" id="xd21e3666src" href="#xd21e3666" name=
+"xd21e3666src">252</a> drawn out to a thousand years, all torment, all
+grief, all hell, all fire. (<span>335</span>) Sleep was rooted out, and
+I tossed on the ground; my face was hidden by the loosened and
+dishevelled tresses that clung to my cheeks, wet with <span class=
+"pagenum">[<a id="pb135" href="#pb135" name=
+"pb135">135</a>]</span>tears and gray with dust, and my throat was
+weak, for my voice failed, broken with piteous weeping.</p>
+<p>&lsquo;&ldquo;&lsquo;At dawn I arose and bathed in the lake, and
+having formed my resolve, I took, for love of
+Pu&#7751;&#7693;ar&#299;ka, his pitcher and his bark garments and his
+rosary; for I clearly knew the worthlessness of the world. I perceived
+my own lack of merit; I pictured to myself the remediless cruelty of
+the blows of fate; I pondered the inevitableness of grief; I beheld the
+harshness of destiny; I meditated the course of love, rich in sorrow; I
+learnt the inconstancy of earthly things; I considered the frailness of
+all joys. Father and mother were disregarded; kinsfolk and followers
+abandoned; the joys of earth were banished from my mind; the senses
+held in firm restraint.</p>
+<p>&lsquo;&ldquo;&lsquo;I took the ascetic vow, and sought the
+protection of &Ccedil;iva, lord of the three worlds and helper of the
+helpless. Next day my father came, having somehow learnt my story,
+bringing with him my mother and kinsfolk. Long he wept, and strove with
+all his might and by every means&mdash;prayers, admonitions, and tender
+words of every kind&mdash;to lead me home. (<span>336</span>) And when
+he understood my firm resolve, and knew that I could not be turned from
+that infatuation, he could not, even though without hope, part with his
+love for his child; and though I often bade him go, he stayed for some
+days, and went home at length full of grief, and with his heart hot
+within him.</p>
+<p>&lsquo;&ldquo;&lsquo;After his going, it was only by empty tears
+that I could show my gratitude to my lord; by many a penance I wasted
+my hated body, worn away by love of him, rich in ill, devoid of shame,
+ill-omened, and the home of a thousand tortures of grief; I lived but
+on water and the roots and fruits of the wood; under the guise of
+telling my beads I counted his virtues; thrice a day I bathed in the
+lake; I daily worshipped &Ccedil;iva, and in this cell I dwelt with
+Taralik&#257;, tasting the bitterness of a long grief. Such am I, evil,
+ill-omened, shameless, cruel, cold, murderous, contemptible, useless,
+fruitless, helpless, and joyless. (<span>337</span>) Why should one so
+noble as thou deign to look on or speak with me, <span class=
+"pagenum">[<a id="pb136" href="#pb136" name="pb136">136</a>]</span>the
+doer of that monstrous crime, the slaughter of a Brahman?&rsquo; Thus
+saying, she covered her face with the white edge of her bark garment,
+as if veiling the moon with a fleck of autumn cloud, and, unable to
+quell the irresistible torrent of her tears, she gave way to her sobs,
+and began to weep loud and long.</p>
+<p>&lsquo;&ldquo;From the very first Candr&#257;p&#299;&#7693;a had
+been filled with reverence by her beauty, modesty, and courtesy; by the
+charm of her speech, her unselfishness and her austerity; and by her
+serenity, humility, dignity, and purity. But now he was carried away
+both by the story of her life, which showed her noble character, and by
+her devoted spirit, and a fresh tenderness arose in him. With softened
+heart he gently said: &lsquo;Lady, those may weep who fear pain, and
+are devoid of gratitude, and love pleasure, for they are unable to do
+anything worthy of love, and show their affection merely by vain tears.
+But thou who hast done all rightly, what duty of love hast thou left
+undone, that thou weepest? For Pu&#7751;&#7693;ar&#299;ka&rsquo;s sake,
+thy kinsfolk who from thy birth have been around thee, dear as they
+were, have been forsaken as if they were strangers. (<span>338</span>)
+Earthly pleasures, though at thy feet, have been despised and reckoned
+light as grass. The joys of power, though their riches excelled the
+empire of Indra, have been resigned. Thy form has been emaciated by
+dread penances, even though by nature it was slender as a lotus-stalk.
+Thou hast taken the ascetic vow. Thy soul has been devoted to great
+penance. Thou hast dwelt in the woods, hard though it be for a woman.
+Moreover, life is easily resigned by those whom sorrow has overwhelmed,
+but it needs a greater effort not to throw away life in heavy grief.
+This following another to death is most vain! It is a path followed by
+the ignorant! It is a mere freak of madness, a path of ignorance, an
+enterprise of recklessness, a view of baseness, a sign of utter
+thoughtlessness, and a blunder of folly, that one should resign life on
+the death of father, brother, friend, or husband. If life leaves us not
+of itself, we must not resign it. For this leaving of life, if we
+examine it, is merely for <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb137" href=
+"#pb137" name="pb137">137</a>]</span>our own interest, because we
+cannot bear our own cureless pain. To the dead man it brings no good
+whatever. For it is no means of bringing him back to life, or heaping
+up merit, or gaining heaven for him, or saving him from hell, or seeing
+him again, or being reunited with him. (<span>339</span>) For he is led
+helplessly, irresistibly to another state meet for the fruits of his
+own deeds. And yet he shares in the guilt of the friend who has killed
+himself. But a man who lives on can help greatly, by offerings of water
+and the like, both the dead man and himself; but by dying he helps
+neither. Remember how Rati, the sole and beloved wife of Love, when her
+noble husband, who won the hearts of all women, was burnt up by the
+fire of &Ccedil;iva, yet did not yield her life; and remember also
+Kunt&#299;, of the race of V&#7771;ish&#7751;i, daughter of
+S&#363;rasena, for her lord was P&#257;&#7751;&#7693;u the wise; his
+seat was perfumed by the flowers in the crests of all the kings whom he
+had conquered without an effort, and he received the tribute of the
+whole earth, and yet when he was consumed by Kindama&rsquo;s curse she
+still remained alive. Uttar&#257;, too, the young daughter of
+Vir&#257;&#7789;a, on the death of Abhimanyu, gentle and heroic, and
+joyful to the eyes as the young moon, yet lived on. And
+Duh&#803;&ccedil;aly&#257;, too, daughter of
+Dh&#7771;itar&#257;sh&#7789;ra, tenderly cared for by her hundred
+brothers; when Jayadratha, king of Sindhu, was slain by Arjuna, fair as
+he was and great as he had become by &Ccedil;iva&rsquo;s<a class=
+"noteref" id="xd21e3700src" href="#xd21e3700" name=
+"xd21e3700src">253</a> gift, yet made no resignation of her life.
+(<span>340</span>) And others are told of by thousands, daughters of
+R&#257;kshasas, gods, demons, ascetics, mortals, siddhas and
+Gandharvas, who when bereft of their husbands yet preserved their
+lives. Still, where reunion is doubtful, life might be yielded. But for
+thee, thou hast heard from that great being a promise of reunion. What
+doubt can there be in a matter of thine own experience, and how could
+falsehood find a place in the words of such noble truth-speaking
+saints, even when there might be greater cause? And what union could
+<span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb138" href="#pb138" name=
+"pb138">138</a>]</span>there be between the dead and the living?
+Therefore of a surety that wondrous being was filled with pity and
+carried away Pu&#7751;&#7693;ar&#299;ka to heaven solely to bring him
+back to life. For the power of great men transcends thought. Life has
+many aspects. Destiny is manifold. Those skilled in penance are fitted
+for wondrous miracles. Many are the forms of power gained by previous
+actions. Moreover, however subtly we may consider the matter, what
+other cause can we imagine for Pu&#7751;&#7693;ar&#299;ka&rsquo;s being
+taken away, but the gift of fresh life. And this, thou must know, is
+not impossible. It is a path often trodden. (<span>341</span>) For
+Pramadvar&#257;, daughter of Vi&ccedil;v&#257;vasu, king of the
+Gandharvas and Menak&#257;, lost her life through a poisonous snake at
+the hermitage of Sth&#363;lake&ccedil;a, and the young ascetic Ruru,
+son of Pramati and grandson of the Bh&#7771;igu Cyavana, provided her
+with half his own life. And when Arjuna was following the
+A&ccedil;vamedha steed, he was pierced in the van of the battle by an
+arrow from his own son Babhruv&#257;hana, and a N&#257;ga maiden,
+Ul&#363;p&#257;, brought him back to life. When Par&#299;kshit,
+Abhimanyu&rsquo;s son, was consumed by A&ccedil;vatth&#257;ma&rsquo;s
+fiery dart, though he had already died at birth, K&#7771;ish&#7751;a,
+filled with pity by Uttar&#257;&rsquo;s lament, restored his precious
+life. And at Ujjayin&#299;, he whose steps are honoured by the three
+worlds, carried off from the city of death the son of Sand&#299;pani
+the Brahman, and brought him back.<a class="noteref" id="xd21e3723src"
+href="#xd21e3723" name="xd21e3723src">254</a> And in thy case, too, the
+same will somehow come to pass. For by thy present grief, what is
+effected or what won? Fate is all-powerful. Destiny is strong. We
+cannot even draw a breath at our own will. The freaks of that accursed
+and most harsh destiny are exceeding cruel. A love fair in its
+sincerity is not allowed long to endure; for joys are wont to be in
+their essence frail and unlasting, while sorrows by their nature are
+long-lived. (<span>342</span>) For how hardly are mortals united in one
+life, while in a thousand lives they are separated. Thou canst not
+surely then blame thyself, all undeserving of blame. For these things
+often happen to those who enter the tangled path of <span class=
+"pagenum">[<a id="pb139" href="#pb139" name=
+"pb139">139</a>]</span>transmigration, and it is the brave who conquer
+misfortune.&rsquo; With such gentle and soothing words he consoled her,
+and made her, albeit reluctantly, bathe her face with water brought in
+his joined hands from the cascade.</p>
+<p>&lsquo;&ldquo;Straightway the sun began to sink, as if he were
+leaving the day&rsquo;s duties from grief at hearing
+Mah&#257;&ccedil;vet&#257;&rsquo;s story. Then day faded away; the sun
+hung shining red as the pollen of a cluster of priyangu in full
+blossom; the quarters of space were losing the glow of sunset soft as
+silk dyed in the juice of many lotuses; (<span>343</span>) the sky was
+tinged with red, glowing like the pupils of a partridge,<a class=
+"noteref" id="xd21e3736src" href="#xd21e3736" name=
+"xd21e3736src">255</a> while its blue was hidden; twilight was
+reddening and lighting up the earth, tawny as a pigeon&rsquo;s eye; the
+clusters of stars shone forth, vying with each other; the darkness of
+night was deepening into black, and stealing away the broad path of the
+stars with its form dark as a forest buffalo; the woodland avenues
+seemed massed together as their green was hidden by deep gloom; the
+wind wandered cooled by night-dew, with its path tracked by the perfume
+of the wild flowers as it stirred the tangle of trees and creepers; and
+when night had its birds all still in sleep Mah&#257;&ccedil;vet&#257;
+slowly rose, and saying her evening prayers, washed her feet with water
+from the pitcher and sat down with a hot, sorrowful sigh on her bark
+couch. Candr&#257;p&#299;&#7693;a, too, rose and poured a libation of
+water strewn with flowers, said his evening prayer, and made a couch on
+the other rock with soft creeper boughs. As he rested upon it he went
+over Mah&#257;&ccedil;vet&#257;&rsquo;s story again in his mind.
+&lsquo;This evil Love,&rsquo; thought he, &lsquo;has a power hard alike
+to cure and to endure. For even great men, when overcome by him, regard
+not the course of time, but suddenly lose all courage and surrender
+life. Yet all hail to Love, whose rule is honoured throughout the three
+worlds!&rsquo; (<span>344</span>) And again he asked her: &lsquo;She
+that was thy handmaiden, thy friend in the resolve to dwell in the
+woods, and the sharer of the ascetic vow taken in thy
+sorrow&mdash;Taralik&#257;, where is she?&rsquo; <span class=
+"pagenum">[<a id="pb140" href="#pb140" name=
+"pb140">140</a>]</span>&lsquo;Noble sir,&rsquo; she replied,
+&lsquo;from the race of Apsarases sprung from ambrosia of which I told
+you, there was born a fair-eyed daughter named Madir&#257;,<a class=
+"noteref" id="xd21e3747src" href="#xd21e3747" name=
+"xd21e3747src">256</a> who married King Citraratha, the king whose
+footstool was formed of the buds in the crests of all the Gandharvas.
+Charmed by her countless virtues, he showed his favour by giving her
+the title of Chief Queen, bearing with it cowrie, sceptre and umbrella,
+marked by a golden throne, and placing all the zenana below her&mdash;a
+woman&rsquo;s rarest glory! And, as they pursued together the joys of
+youth in their utter devotion to each other, a priceless daughter was
+in due time born to them, by name K&#257;dambar&#299;, most wondrous,
+the very life of her parents, and of the whole Gandharva race, and even
+of all living beings. From her birth she was the friend of my
+childhood, and shared with me seat, couch, meat and drink; on her my
+deepest love was set, and she was the home of all my confidence, and
+like my other heart. Together we learnt to dance and sing, and our
+childhood passed away free from restraint in the sports that belong to
+it. (<span>345</span>) From sorrow at my unhappy story she made a
+resolve that she would in nowise accept a husband while I was still in
+grief, and before her girl friends she took an oath, saying: &ldquo;If
+my father should in anywise or at any time wish to marry me against my
+will and by force, I will end my life by hunger, fire, cord, or
+poison.&rdquo; Citraratha himself heard all the resolution of his
+daughter, spoken of positively in the repeated gossip of her
+attendants, and as time went on, seeing that she was growing to full
+youth, he became prey to great vexation, and for a time took pleasure
+in nothing, and yet, as she was his only child and he dearly loved her,
+he could say nothing to her, though he saw no other resource. But as he
+deemed the time now ripe, he considered the matter with Queen
+Madir&#257;, and sent the herald Ksh&#299;roda to me at early dawn with
+the message: &ldquo;Dear Mah&#257;&ccedil;vet&#257;, our hearts were
+already burnt up by thy sad fate, and now this new <span class=
+"pagenum">[<a id="pb141" href="#pb141" name=
+"pb141">141</a>]</span>thing has come upon us. To thee we look to win
+back K&#257;dambar&#299;.&rdquo; Thereupon, in reverence to the words
+of one so respected, and in love to my friend, I sent Taralik&#257;
+with Ksh&#299;roda to bid K&#257;dambar&#299; not add grief to one
+already sad enough; (<span>346</span>) for if she wished me to live she
+must fulfil her father&rsquo;s words; and ere Taralik&#257; had been
+long gone, thou, noble sir, camest to this spot.&rsquo; So saying she
+was silent.</p>
+<p>&lsquo;&ldquo;Then the moon arose, simulating by his mark the heart
+of Mah&#257;&ccedil;vet&#257;, burnt through by the fire of grief,
+bearing the great crime of the young ascetic&rsquo;s death, showing the
+long ingrained scar of the burning of Daksha&rsquo;s curse,<a class=
+"noteref" id="xd21e3766src" href="#xd21e3766" name=
+"xd21e3766src">257</a> white with thick ashes, and half covered by
+black antelope skin, like the left breast of Durg&#257;, the
+crest-jewel of &Ccedil;iva&rsquo;s thick locks. (<span>347</span>) Then
+at length Candr&#257;p&#299;&#7693;a beheld Mah&#257;&ccedil;vet&#257;
+asleep, and quietly lay down himself on his leafy couch and fell asleep
+while thinking what Vai&ccedil;amp&#257;yana and sorrowing
+Patralekh&#257; and his princely compeers would then be imagining about
+him.</p>
+<p>&lsquo;&ldquo;Then at dawn, when Mah&#257;&ccedil;vet&#257; had
+honoured the twilight and was murmuring the aghamarsha&#7751;a, and
+Candr&#257;p&#299;&#7693;a had said his morning prayer, Taralik&#257;
+was seen coming with a Gandharva boy named Key&#363;raka
+(<span>348</span>). As she drew near, she looked long at
+Candr&#257;p&#299;&#7693;a, wondering who he might be, and approaching
+Mah&#257;&ccedil;vet&#257;, she bowed low and sat respectfully by her.
+Then Key&#363;raka, with head low bent even from afar, took his place
+on a rock some way off, assigned to him by a glance from
+Mah&#257;&ccedil;vet&#257;, and was filled with wonder at the sight of
+Candr&#257;p&#299;&#7693;a&rsquo;s marvellous beauty, rare, mocking
+that of gods, demons, Gandharvas, and Vidy&#257;dharas, and surpassing
+even the god of love.</p>
+<p>(<span>349</span>) &lsquo;&ldquo;When she had finished her prayers,
+Mah&#257;&ccedil;vet&#257; asked Taralik&#257;, &lsquo;Didst thou see
+my dear K&#257;dambar&#299; well? and will she do as I said?&rsquo;
+&lsquo;Princess,&rsquo; said Taralik&#257;, in a very sweet voice, with
+head respectfully inclined, &lsquo;I <span class="pagenum">[<a id=
+"pb142" href="#pb142" name="pb142">142</a>]</span>saw Princess
+K&#257;dambar&#299; well in all respects, and told her all thine
+advice; and what was her reply, when with a continuous stream of thick
+tears she had heard it, that her lute-player Key&#363;raka, whom she
+has sent, shall tell thee;&rsquo; and as she ceased Key&#363;raka said,
+&lsquo;Princess Mah&#257;&ccedil;vet&#257;, my lady
+K&#257;dambar&#299;, with a close embrace, sends this message,
+&ldquo;Is this, that Taralik&#257; has been sent to tell me, said to
+please my parents or to test my feelings, or to subtly reproach me for
+my crime in dwelling at home; or is it a desire to break our
+friendship, or a device to desert one who loves her, or is it simply
+anger? Thou knowest that my heart overflows with a love that was inborn
+in me. How wert thou not ashamed to send so cruel a message? Thou, erst
+so soft of speech, from whom hast thou learnt to speak unkindness and
+utter reproach? Who in his senses would, even if happy, make up his
+mind to undertake even a slight matter that would end in pain? how much
+less one like me, whose heart is struck down by deep grief? For in a
+heart worn by a friend&rsquo;s sorrow, what hope is there of joy, what
+contentment, what pleasures or what mirth? (<span>350</span>) How
+should I fulfil the desire of Love, poisonous, pitiless, unkind, who
+has brought my dear friend to so sad a plight? Even the hen
+cakrav&#257;ka, when the lotus-beds are widowed by the sun&rsquo;s
+setting, renounces from the friendship that arises from dwelling among
+them, the joys of union with her lord; how much more, then, should
+women! While my friend dwells day and night sorrowing for the loss of
+her lord and avoiding the sight of mankind, how could anyone else enter
+my heart; and while my friend in her sorrow tortures herself with
+penances and suffers great pain, how could I think so lightly of that
+as to seek my own happiness and accept a husband, or how could any
+happiness befall me? For from love of thee I have in this matter
+accepted disgrace by embracing an independent life contrary to the wont
+of maidens. I have despised noble breeding, transgressed my
+parent&rsquo;s commands, set at nought the gossip of mankind, thrown
+away modesty, a woman&rsquo;s inborn grace; <span class=
+"pagenum">[<a id="pb143" href="#pb143" name="pb143">143</a>]</span>how,
+tell me, should such a one go back? Therefore I salute thee, I bow
+before thee, I embrace thy feet; be gracious to me. As thou hast gone
+hence into the forest, taking my life with thee, make not this request
+in thy mind, even in a dream.&rdquo;&rsquo; (<span>351</span>) Thus
+having said, he became silent, and Mah&#257;&ccedil;vet&#257; thought
+long, and then dismissed Key&#363;raka, saying, &lsquo;Do thou depart;
+I will go to her and do what is fitting.&rsquo; On his departure she
+said to Candr&#257;p&#299;&#7693;a, &lsquo;Prince, Hemak&#363;&#7789;a
+is pleasant and the royal city of Citraratha marvellous; the Kinnara
+country is curious, the Gandharva world beautiful, and
+K&#257;dambar&#299; is noble and generous of heart. If thou deemest not
+the journey too tedious, if no serious business is hindered, if thy
+mind is curious to behold rare sights, if thou art encouraged by my
+words, if the sight of wonders gives thee joy, if thou wilt deign to
+grant my request, if thou thinkest me worthy of not being denied, if
+any friendship has grown up between us, or if I am deserving of thy
+favour, then thou canst not disdain to fulfil this prayer. Thou canst
+go hence with me, and see not only Hemak&#363;&#7789;a, that treasure
+of beauty, but my second self, K&#257;dambar&#299;; and having removed
+this foolish freak of hers, thou canst rest for one day, and return
+hither the next morn. For by the sight of thy kindness so
+freely<a class="noteref" id="xd21e3793src" href="#xd21e3793" name=
+"xd21e3793src">258</a> given, my grief has become bearable, since I
+have told thee my story, breathed out as it was from a heart long
+overwhelmed with the darkness of grief. (<span>352</span>) For the
+presence of the good gives joy even to those who are sad at heart, and
+a virtue springs from such as thou art that wholly tends to make others
+happy.&rsquo;</p>
+<p>&lsquo;&ldquo;&lsquo;Lady,&rsquo; replied
+Candr&#257;p&#299;&#7693;a, &lsquo;from the first moment of seeing thee
+I have been devoted to thy service. Let thy will be imposed without
+hesitation&rsquo;; so saying, he started in her company.</p>
+<p>&lsquo;&ldquo;In due time he reached Hemak&#363;&#7789;a, the royal
+city of the Gandharvas, and passing through the seven inner courts with
+their golden arches, the prince approached the door of the
+maidens&rsquo; dwelling. Escorted by porters, who ran <span class=
+"pagenum">[<a id="pb144" href="#pb144" name=
+"pb144">144</a>]</span>forward at the sight of
+Mah&#257;&ccedil;vet&#257;, bowing while yet far off, and holding their
+golden staves, he entered and beheld the inside of the maidens&rsquo;
+palace. It seemed a new woman&rsquo;s world, consisting wholly of women
+in countless numbers, as if the womankind of the three worlds had been
+gathered together to make such a total; or it might be a fresh manless
+creation, a yet unborn continent of girls, a fifth women&rsquo;s era, a
+fresh race created by Praj&#257;pati out of hatred for men, or a
+treasury of women prepared for the making of many yugas. The wave of
+girlish beauty which surrounded it on all sides, which flooded space,
+sprinkled nectar on the day, rained splendour on the interstices of the
+world, and shone lustrous as an emerald, made the place all aglow as if
+with thousands of moons; (<span>353</span>) it seemed modelled in
+moonlight; jewels made another sky; service was done by bright glances;
+every part was made for youthful pleasures; here was an assemblage for
+Rati&rsquo;s sports, a material for Love&rsquo;s practice; here the
+entrance of all was made smooth by Love; here all was affection,
+beauty, the supreme deity of passion, the arrows of Love, here all was
+wonder, marvel, and tenderness of youth. (<span>356</span>) When he had
+gone a little way in he heard the pleasant talk of the maidens round
+K&#257;dambar&#299; as they wandered hither and thither. Such as
+&lsquo;Lavalik&#257;, deck the laval&#299; trenches with ketak&#299;
+pollen. S&#257;garik&#257;, sprinkle jewelled dust in the tanks of
+scented water. M&#7771;i&#7751;&#257;lik&#257;, inlay with saffron dust
+the pairs of toy<a class="noteref" id="xd21e3812src" href="#xd21e3812"
+name="xd21e3812src">259</a> cakrav&#257;kas in the artificial
+lotus-beds. Makarik&#257;, scent the pot-pourri with camphor-juice.
+Rajanik&#257;, place jewelled lamps in the dark tam&#257;la avenues.
+Kumudik&#257;, cover the pomegranates with pearly nets to keep off the
+birds. Nipu&#7751;ik&#257;, draw saffron lines on the breasts of the
+jewelled dolls. Utpalik&#257;, sweep with golden brooms the emerald
+arbour in the plaintain house. Kesarik&#257;, sprinkle with wine the
+houses of bakul flowers. M&#257;latik&#257;, redden with red lead the
+ivory roof of K&#257;ma&rsquo;s shrine. Nalinik&#257;, give the tame
+kalaham&#803;sas lotus-honey to drink. Kadalik&#257;, take the
+<span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb145" href="#pb145" name=
+"pb145">145</a>]</span>tame peacocks to the shower-bath.
+Kamalinik&#257;, give some sap from the lotus-fibres to the young
+cakrav&#257;kas. C&#363;talatik&#257;, give the caged pigeons their
+meal of mango-buds. Pallavik&#257;, distribute to the tame
+harit&#257;la pigeons some topmost leaves of the pepper-tree.
+Lavan&#775;gik&#257;, throw some pieces of pippal&#299; leaves into the
+partridges&rsquo; cages. Madhukarik&#257;, make some flowery ornaments.
+May&#363;rik&#257;, dismiss the pairs of kinnaras in the singing-room.
+Kandalik&#257;, bring up the pairs of partridges to the top of the
+playing hill. Hari&#7751;ik&#257;, give the caged parrots and mainas
+their lesson.&rsquo;</p>
+<p>(<span>358</span>) &lsquo;&ldquo;Then he beheld K&#257;dambar&#299;
+herself in the midst of her pavilion encircled by a bevy of maidens
+sitting by her, whose glittering gems made them like a cluster of kalpa
+trees.<a class="noteref" id="xd21e3822src" href="#xd21e3822" name=
+"xd21e3822src">260</a> (<span>359</span>) She was resting on her bent
+arms, which lay on a white pillow placed on a small couch covered with
+blue silk; she was fanned by cowrie-bearers, that in the motion of
+their waving arms were like swimmers in the wide-flowing stream of her
+beauty, as if it covered the earth, which was only held up by the tusks
+of Mah&#257;var&#257;ha.</p>
+<p>&lsquo;&ldquo;And as her reflection fell, she seemed on the jewelled
+pavement below to be borne away by serpents; on the walls hard by to be
+led by the guardians of space; on the roof above to be cast upwards by
+the gods; to be received by the pillars into their inmost heart; to be
+drunk in by the palace mirrors, to be lifted to the sky by the
+Vidy&#257;dharas scattered in the pavilion, looking down from the roof;
+to be surrounded by the universe concealed in the guise of pictures,
+all thronging together to see her; to be gazed at by the palace itself,
+which had gained a thousand eyes to behold her, in that the eyes of its
+peacocks&rsquo; tails were outspread as they danced to the clashing of
+her gems; and to be steadily looked on by her own attendants, who
+seemed in their eagerness to behold her to have gained a divine
+insight.</p>
+<p>&lsquo;&ldquo;Her beauty bore the impress of awakening love,
+<span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb146" href="#pb146" name=
+"pb146">146</a>]</span>though but yet in promise, and she seemed to be
+casting childhood aside like a thing of no worth.</p>
+<p>(<span>365</span>) &lsquo;&ldquo;Such was K&#257;dambar&#299; as the
+prince beheld her. Before her was seated Key&#363;raka, loud in praise
+of Candr&#257;p&#299;&#7693;a&rsquo;s beauty, as K&#257;dambar&#299;
+questioned him, saying, &lsquo;Who is he, and what are his parentage,
+name, appearance, and age? What did he say, and what didst thou reply?
+How long didst thou see him? how has he become so close a friend to
+<span class="corr" id="xd21e3839" title=
+"Source: Mah&#257;&ccedil;veta">Mah&#257;&ccedil;vet&#257;</span>? and
+why is he coming hither?&rsquo;</p>
+<p>&lsquo;&ldquo;Now, on beholding the moonlike beauty of
+K&#257;dambar&#299;&rsquo;s face, the prince&rsquo;s heart was stirred
+like the tide of ocean. &lsquo;Why,&rsquo; thought he, &lsquo;did not
+the Creator make all my senses into sight, or what noble deed has my
+eye done that it may look on her unchecked? Surely it is a wonder! The
+Creator has here made a home for every charm! Whence have the parts of
+this exceeding beauty been gathered? Surely from the tears that fell
+from the Creator&rsquo;s eyes in the labour of thought, as he gently
+moulded her with his hands, all the lotuses in the world have their
+birth.&rsquo;</p>
+<p>(<span>366</span>) &lsquo;&ldquo;And as he thus thought his eye met
+hers, and she, thinking, &lsquo;This is he of whom Key&#363;raka
+spoke,&rsquo; let her glance, widened by wonder at his exceeding
+beauty, dwell long and quietly on him. Confused by the sight of
+K&#257;dambar&#299;, yet illumined by the brightness of her gaze, he
+stood for a moment like a rock, while at the sight of him a thrill rose
+in K&#257;dambar&#299;, her jewels clashed, and she half rose. Then
+love caused a glow, but the excuse was the effort of hastily rising;
+trembling hindered her steps&mdash;the ham&#803;sas around, drawn by
+the sound of the anklets, got the blame; the heaving of a sigh stirred
+her robe&mdash;it was thought due to the wind of the cowries; her hand
+fell on her heart, as if to touch Candr&#257;p&#299;&#7693;a&rsquo;s
+image that had entered in&mdash;it pretended to cover her bosom; she
+let fall tears of joy&mdash;the excuse was the pollen falling from the
+flowers in her ear. Shame choked her voice&mdash;the swarm of bees
+hastening to the lotus sweetness of her mouth was <span class=
+"pagenum">[<a id="pb147" href="#pb147" name="pb147">147</a>]</span>the
+cause; (<span>367</span>) the pain of the first touch of Love&rsquo;s
+arrow caused a sigh&mdash;the pain of the ketak&#299; thorns amidst the
+flowers shared the guilt; a tremor shook her hand&mdash;keeping off the
+portress who had come with a message was her pretence; and while love
+was thus entering into K&#257;dambar&#299;, a second love, as it were,
+arose, who with her entered the heart of Candr&#257;p&#299;&#7693;a.
+For he thought the flash of her jewels but a veil, her entrance into
+his heart a favour, the tinkling of her gems a conversation, her
+capture of all his senses a grace, and contact with her bright beauty
+the fulfilment of all his wishes. Meanwhile K&#257;dambar&#299;,
+advancing with difficulty a few steps, affectionately and with yearning
+embraced her friend, who also yearned for the sight of her so long
+delayed; and Mah&#257;&ccedil;vet&#257; returned her embrace yet more
+closely, and said, &lsquo;Dear K&#257;dambar&#299;, in the land of
+Bharata there is a king named T&#257;r&#257;p&#299;&#7693;a, who wards
+off all grief<a class="noteref" id="xd21e3854src" href="#xd21e3854"
+name="xd21e3854src">261</a> from his subjects, and who has impressed
+his seal on the Four Oceans by the edge of the hoofs of his noble
+steeds; and this his son, named Candr&#257;p&#299;&#7693;a,
+decked<a class="noteref" id="xd21e3860src" href="#xd21e3860" name=
+"xd21e3860src">262</a> with the orb of earth resting on the support of
+his own rock-like arms, has, in pursuit of world conquest, approached
+this land; and he, from the moment I first beheld him, has
+instinctively become my friend, though there was nought to make him so;
+and, though my heart was cold from its resignation of all ties, yet he
+has attracted it by the rare and innate nobility of his character.
+(<span>368</span>) For it is rare to find a man of keen mind who is at
+once true of heart, unselfish in friendship, and wholly swayed by
+courtesy. Wherefore, having beheld him, I brought him hither by force.
+For I thought thou shouldst behold as I have done a wonder of
+Brahm&#257;&rsquo;s workmanship, a peerless owner of beauty, a
+supplanter of Lakshm&#299;, earth&rsquo;s joy in a noble lord, the
+surpassing of gods by mortals, the full fruition of woman&rsquo;s eyes,
+the only meeting-place of all graces, the empire of nobility, and the
+mirror of courtesy for men. And my dear friend has often been spoken of
+to him by me. Therefore dismiss shame on the ground <span class=
+"pagenum">[<a id="pb148" href="#pb148" name="pb148">148</a>]</span>of
+his being unseen before, lay aside diffidence as to his being a
+stranger, cast away suspicion rising from his character being unknown,
+and behave to him as to me. He is thy friend, thy kinsman, and thy
+servant.&rsquo; At these words of hers Candr&#257;p&#299;&#7693;a bowed
+low before K&#257;dambar&#299;, and as she glanced sideways at him
+affectionately there fell from her eyes, with their beautiful pupils
+turned towards the corner of their long orbs, a flood of joyous tears,
+as though from weariness. The moonlight of a smile, white as nectar,
+darted forth, as if it were the dust raised by the heart as it hastily
+set out; one eyebrow was raised as if to bid the head honour with an
+answering reverence the guest so dear to the heart; (<span>369</span>)
+her hand crept to her softly parting lips, and might seem, as the light
+of an emerald ring flashed between the fingers, to have taken some
+betel. She bowed diffidently, and then sat down on the couch with
+Mah&#257;&ccedil;vet&#257;, and the attendants quickly brought a stool
+with gold feet and a covering of white silk, and placed it near the
+couch, and Candr&#257;p&#299;&#7693;a took his seat thereon. To please
+Mah&#257;&ccedil;vet&#257;, the portresses, knowing <span class="corr"
+id="xd21e3875" title=
+"Source: K&#257;damb&#257;r&#299;&rsquo;s">K&#257;dambar&#299;&rsquo;s</span>
+wishes, and having by a hand placed on closed lips received an order to
+stop all sounds, checked on every side the sound of pipe, lute and
+song, and the Magadha women&rsquo;s cry of &lsquo;All hail!&rsquo;
+(<span>370</span>) When the servants had quickly brought water,
+K&#257;dambar&#299; herself washed Mah&#257;&ccedil;vet&#257;&rsquo;s
+feet, and, drying them with her robe, sat on the couch again; and
+Madalekh&#257;, a friend worthy of K&#257;dambar&#299;, dear as her own
+life and the home of all her confidence, insisted on washing
+Candr&#257;p&#299;&#7693;a&rsquo;s feet, unwilling though he were.
+<span class="corr" id="xd21e3881" title=
+"Source: Mah&#257;&ccedil;veta">Mah&#257;&ccedil;vet&#257;</span>
+meanwhile asked K&#257;dambar&#299; how she was, and lovingly touched
+with her hand the corner of her friend&rsquo;s eyes, which shone with
+the reflected light of her earrings; she lifted the flowers in
+K&#257;dambar&#299;&rsquo;s ear, all covered with bees, and softly
+stroked the coils of her hair, roughened by the wind of the cowries.
+And K&#257;dambar&#299;, ashamed, from love to her friend, of her own
+well-being, as though feeling that in still dwelling at home she had
+committed a crime, said with an effort that all was well with her.
+Then, though <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb149" href="#pb149" name=
+"pb149">149</a>]</span>filled with grief and intent on gazing at
+Mah&#257;&ccedil;vet&#257;&rsquo;s face, yet her eye, with its pupil
+dark and quivering as it looked out sideways, was, under the influence
+of love, with bow fully bent, irresistibly drawn by
+Candr&#257;p&#299;&#7693;a&rsquo;s face, and she could not turn it
+away. At that same moment she felt jealousy<a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e3887src" href="#xd21e3887" name="xd21e3887src">263</a> of his
+being pictured on the cheek of her friend standing near&mdash;the pain
+of absence as his reflection faded away on her own breast, pierced by a
+thrill&mdash;the anger of a rival wife as the image of the statues fell
+on him&mdash;the sorrow of despair as he closed his eyes, and blindness
+as his image was veiled by tears of joy.</p>
+<p>(<span>371</span>) &lsquo;&ldquo;At the end of a moment <span class=
+"corr" id="xd21e3904" title=
+"Source: Mah&#257;&ccedil;veta">Mah&#257;&ccedil;vet&#257;</span> said
+to K&#257;dambar&#299; as she was intent on giving betel: &lsquo;Dear
+K&#257;dambar&#299;, the moment has approached for us to show honour to
+our newly arrived guest, Candr&#257;p&#299;&#7693;a. Therefore give him
+some.&rsquo; But averting her bent face, K&#257;dambar&#299; replied
+slowly and indistinctly, &lsquo;Dear friend, I am ashamed to do so, for
+I do not know him. Do thou take it, for thou canst without the
+forwardness there would be in me, and give it him&rsquo;; and it was
+only after many persuasions, that with difficulty, and like a village
+maiden, she resolved to give it. Her eyes were never drawn from
+Mah&#257;&ccedil;vet&#257;&rsquo;s face, her limbs trembled, her glance
+wavered, she sighed deeply, she was stunned by Love with his shaft, and
+she seemed a prey to terror as she stretched forth her hand, holding
+the betel as if trying to cling to something under the idea she was
+falling. The hand Candr&#257;p&#299;&#7693;a stretched out, by nature
+pink, as if red lead had fallen upon it from the flapping of his
+triumphal elephant, was darkened by the scars of the bowstring, and
+seemed to have drops of collyrium clinging to it from touching the eyes
+of his enemies&rsquo; Lakshm&#299;, weeping as he drew her by the hair;
+(<span>372</span>) its fingers by the forth-flashing rays of his nails
+seemed to run up hastily, to grow long and to laugh, and the hand
+seemed to raise five other fingers in the five senses that, in desire
+to touch her, had just made their entry full of love. Then contending
+<span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb150" href="#pb150" name=
+"pb150">150</a>]</span>feelings<a class="noteref" id="xd21e3912src"
+href="#xd21e3912" name="xd21e3912src">264</a> took possession of
+K&#257;dambar&#299; as if they had gathered together in curiosity to
+see the grace at that moment so easy of access. Her hand, as she did
+not look whither it was going, was stretched vainly forth, and the rays
+of its nails seemed to hasten forward to seek
+Candr&#257;p&#299;&#7693;a&rsquo;s hand; and with the murmur of the
+line of bracelets stirred by her trembling, it seemed to say, as drops
+of moisture arose on it, &lsquo;Let this slave offered by Love be
+accepted,&rsquo;<a class="noteref" id="xd21e3919src" href="#xd21e3919"
+name="xd21e3919src">265</a> as if she were offering herself, and
+&lsquo;Henceforth it is in thy hand,&rsquo; as if she were making it
+into a living being, and so she gave the betel. And in drawing back her
+hand she did not notice the fall of her bracelet, which had slipped
+down her arm in eagerness to touch him, like her heart pierced by
+Love&rsquo;s shaft; and taking another piece of betel, she gave it to
+Mah&#257;&ccedil;vet&#257;.</p>
+<p>(<span>373</span>) &lsquo;&ldquo;Then there came up with hasty steps
+a maina, a very flower, in that her feet were yellow as lotus
+filaments, her beak was like a campak bud, and her wings blue as a
+lotus petal. Close behind her came a parrot, slow in gait,
+emerald-winged, with a beak like coral and neck bearing a curved,
+three-rayed rainbow. Angrily the maina began: &lsquo;Princess
+K&#257;dambar&#299;, why dost thou not restrain this wretched,
+ill-mannered, conceited bird from following me? If thou overlookest my
+being oppressed by him, I will certainly destroy myself. I swear it
+truly by thy lotus feet.&rsquo; At these words K&#257;dambar&#299;
+smiled; but Mah&#257;&ccedil;vet&#257;, not knowing the story, asked
+Madalekh&#257; what she was saying, and she told the following tale:
+&lsquo;This maina, K&#257;lind&#299;, is a friend of Princess
+K&#257;dambar&#299;, and was given by her solemnly in marriage to
+Parih&#257;sa, the parrot. And to-day, ever since she saw him reciting
+something at early dawn to K&#257;dambar&#299;&rsquo;s betel-bearer,
+Tam&#257;lik&#257;, alone, she has been filled with jealousy, and in
+frowardness of wrath will not go near him, or speak, or touch, or look
+at him; and though we have all tried to soothe her, she will not be
+<span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb151" href="#pb151" name=
+"pb151">151</a>]</span>soothed.&rsquo; (<span>374</span>) Thereat a
+smile spread over Candr&#257;p&#299;&#7693;a&rsquo;s face, and he
+softly laughed and said, &lsquo;This is the course of gossip. It is
+heard in the court; by a succession of ears the attendants pass it on;
+the outside world repeats it; the tale wanders to the ends of the
+earth, and we too hear how this parrot Parih&#257;sa has fallen in love
+with Princess K&#257;dambar&#299;&rsquo;s betel-bearer, and, enslaved
+by love, knows nothing of the past. Away with this ill-behaved,
+shameless deserter of his wife, and away with her too! But is it
+fitting in the Princess not to restrain her giddy slave? Perhaps her
+cruelty, however, was shown at the first in giving poor
+K&#257;lind&#299; to this ill-conducted bird. What can she do now? For
+women feel that a shared wifehood is the bitterest matter for
+indignation, the chief cause for estrangement, and the greatest
+possible insult. K&#257;lind&#299; has been only too patient that in
+the aversion caused by this weight of grief she has not slain herself
+by poison, fire, or famine. For nothing makes a woman more despised;
+and if, after such a crime, she is willing to be reconciled and to live
+with him again, shame on her! enough of her! let her be banished and
+cast out in scorn! Who will speak to her or look at her again, and who
+will mention her name?&rsquo; A laugh arose among
+K&#257;dambar&#299;&rsquo;s women as they heard<a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e3932src" href="#xd21e3932" name="xd21e3932src">266</a> his
+mirthful words. (<span>375</span>) But Parih&#257;sa, hearing his
+jesting speech, said: &lsquo;Cunning Prince, she is clever. Unsteady as
+she is, she is not to be taken in by thee or anyone else. She knows all
+these crooked speeches. She understands a jest. Her mind is sharpened
+by contact with a court. Cease thy jests. She is no subject for the
+talk of bold men. For, soft of speech as she is, she knows well the
+time, cause, measure, object, and topic for wrath and for peace.&rsquo;
+Meanwhile, a herald came up and said to Mah&#257;&ccedil;vet&#257;:
+&lsquo;Princess, King Citraratha and Queen Madir&#257; send to see
+thee,&rsquo; and she, eager to go, asked <span class="corr" id=
+"xd21e3944" title="Source: K&#257;dambari">K&#257;dambar&#299;</span>,
+&lsquo;Friend, where should Candr&#257;p&#299;&#7693;a stay?&rsquo; The
+latter, inwardly smiling at the thought that <span class=
+"pagenum">[<a id="pb152" href="#pb152" name="pb152">152</a>]</span>he
+had already found a place in the heart of thousands of women, said
+aloud, &lsquo;Dear Mah&#257;&ccedil;vet&#257;, why speak thus? Since I
+beheld him I have not been mistress of myself, far less than of my
+palace and my servants. Let him stay wherever it pleases him and my
+dear friend&rsquo;s heart.&rsquo; Thereon Mah&#257;&ccedil;vet&#257;
+replied, &ldquo;Let him stay in the jewelled house on the playing hill
+of the royal garden near thy palace,&rsquo; and went to see the
+king.</p>
+<p>(<span>376</span>) &lsquo;&ldquo;Candr&#257;p&#299;&#7693;a went
+away at her departure, followed by maidens, sent for his amusement by
+the portress at K&#257;dambar&#299;&rsquo;s bidding, players on lute
+and pipe, singers, skilful dice and draught players, practised painters
+and reciters of graceful verses; he was led by his old acquaintance
+Key&#363;raka to the jewelled hall on the playing hill.</p>
+<p>&lsquo;&ldquo;When he was gone the Gandharva princess dismissed her
+girl-friends and attendants, and followed only by a few, went into the
+palace. There she fell on her couch, while her maidens stayed some way
+off, full of respect, and tried to comfort her. At length she came to
+herself, and remaining alone, she was filled with shame. For Modesty
+censured her: &lsquo;Light one, what hast thou begun?&rsquo;
+Self-respect reproached her: &lsquo;Gandharva Princess, how is this
+fitting for thee?&rsquo; Simplicity mocked her: &lsquo;Where has thy
+childhood gone before its day was over?&rsquo; Youth warned her:
+&lsquo;Wilful girl, do not carry out alone any wild plan of thine
+own!&rsquo; Dignity rebuked her: &lsquo;Timid child, this is not the
+course of a high-born maiden.&rsquo; Conduct blamed her:
+&lsquo;Reckless girl, avoid this unseemly behaviour!&rsquo; High Birth
+admonished her: &lsquo;Foolish one, love hath led thee into
+lightness.&rsquo; Steadfastness cried shame on her: &lsquo;Whence comes
+thine unsteadiness of nature?&rsquo; Nobility rebuked her:
+&lsquo;Self-willed, my authority is set at nought by thee.&rsquo;</p>
+<p>(<span>377</span>) &lsquo;&ldquo;And she thought within herself,
+&lsquo;What shameful conduct is this of mine, in that I cast away all
+fear, and show my unsteadiness and am blinded by folly. In my audacity
+I never thought he was a stranger; in my shamelessness I did not
+consider that he would think me <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb153"
+href="#pb153" name="pb153">153</a>]</span>light of nature; I never
+examined his character; I never thought in my folly if I were worthy of
+his regard; I had no dread of an unexpected rebuff; I had no fear of my
+parents, no anxiety about gossip. Nay, more, I did not in my
+unkindness<a class="noteref" id="xd21e3964src" href="#xd21e3964" name=
+"xd21e3964src">267</a> remember that Mah&#257;&ccedil;vet&#257; was in
+sorrow; in my stupidity I did not notice that my friends stood by and
+beheld me; in my utter <span class="corr" id="xd21e3970" title=
+"Source: dulness">dullness</span> I did not see that my servants behind
+were observing me. Even grave minds would mark such utter forgetfulness
+of seemliness; how much more Mah&#257;&ccedil;vet&#257;, who knows the
+course of love; and my friends skilled in all its ways, and my
+attendants who know all its symptoms, and whose wits are sharpened by
+life at court. The slaves of a zenana have keen eyes in such matters.
+My evil fate has undone me! Better were it for me now to die than live
+a shameful life. What will my father and mother and the Gandharvas say
+when they hear this tale? What can I do? What remedy is there? How can
+I cover this error? To whom can I tell this folly of my undisciplined
+senses, (<span>378</span>) and where shall I go, consumed by K&#257;ma,
+the five-arrowed god? I had made a promise in
+Mah&#257;&ccedil;vet&#257;&rsquo;s sorrow, I had announced it before my
+friends, I had sent a message of it by the hands of Key&#363;raka, and
+how it has now come about that that beguiling
+Candr&#257;p&#299;&#7693;a has been brought hither, I know not,
+ill-fated that I am; whether it be by cruel fate or proud love, or
+nemesis of my former deeds, or accursed death, or anything else. But
+some power unseen, unknown, unheard of, unthought of and unimagined
+before, has come to delude me. At the mere sight of him I am a captive
+in bonds; I am cast into a cage and handed over by my senses; I am
+enslaved and led to him by Love; I am sent away by affection; I am sold
+at a price by my feelings; I am made as a household chattel by my
+heart. I will have nothing to do with this worthless one!&rsquo; Thus
+for a moment she resolved. But having made this resolve, she was mocked
+by Candr&#257;p&#299;&#7693;a&rsquo;s image stirred by the trembling of
+her heart, &lsquo;If thou, in thy false reserve, will have nought to
+<span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb154" href="#pb154" name=
+"pb154">154</a>]</span>do with me, I will go.&rsquo; She was asked by
+her life, which clung to her in a farewell embrace before starting at
+the moment of her determination to give up Candr&#257;p&#299;&#7693;a;
+(<span>379</span>) she was addressed by a tear that rose at that
+moment, &lsquo;Let him be seen once more with clearer eyes, whether he
+be worthy of rejection or no&rsquo;; she was chidden by Love, saying,
+&lsquo;I will take away thy pride together with thy life;&rsquo; and so
+her heart was again turned to Candr&#257;p&#299;&#7693;a. Overwhelmed,
+when the force of her meditation had collapsed, by the access of love,
+she rose, under its sway, and stood looking through the window at the
+playing hill. And there, as if bewildered by a veil of joyful tears,
+she saw with her memory, not her eyes; as if fearing to soil with a hot
+hand her picture, she painted with her fancy, not with her brush;
+dreading the intervention of a thrill, she offered an embrace with her
+heart, not her breast; unable to bear his delay in coming, she sent her
+mind, not her servants, to meet him.</p>
+<p>&lsquo;&ldquo;Meanwhile, Candr&#257;p&#299;&#7693;a willingly
+entered the jewelled house, as if it were a second heart of
+K&#257;dambar&#299;. On the rock was strewn a blanket, with pillows
+piled on it at either end, and thereon he lay down, with his feet in
+Key&#363;raka&rsquo;s lap, while the maidens sat round him in the
+places appointed for them. With a heart in turmoil he betook himself to
+reflection: &lsquo;Are these graces of Princess K&#257;dambar&#299;,
+that steal all men&rsquo;s hearts, innate in her, or has Love, with
+kindness won by no service of mine, ordained them for me?
+(<span>380</span>) For she gave me a sidelong glance with loving,
+reddened eyes half curved as if they were covered with the pollen of
+Love&rsquo;s flowery darts as they fell on her heart. She modestly
+veiled herself with a bright smile fair as silk as I looked at her. She
+offered the mirror of her cheek to receive my image, as in shame at my
+gaze she averted her face. She sketched on the couch with her nail the
+first trace of wilfulness of a heart that was giving me entrance. Her
+hand, moist with the fatigue of bringing me the betel, seemed in its
+trembling to fan her hot face, as if it were a tam&#257;la branch she
+had <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb155" href="#pb155" name=
+"pb155">155</a>]</span>taken, for a swarm of bees hovered round it,
+mistaking it for a rosy lotus. Perhaps,&rsquo; he went on to reflect,
+&lsquo;the light readiness to hope so common among mortals is now
+deceiving me with a throng of vain desires; and the glow of youth,
+devoid of judgment, or Love himself, makes my brain reel; whence the
+eyes of the young, as though struck by cataract, magnify even a small
+spot; and a tiny speck of affection is spread far by youthful ardour as
+by water. An excited heart like a poet&rsquo;s imagination is
+bewildered by the throng of fancies that it calls up of itself, and
+draws likenesses from everything; youthful feelings in the hand of
+cunning love are as a brush, and shrink from painting nothing; and
+imagination, proud of her suddenly gained beauty, turns in every
+direction. (<span>381</span>) Longing shows as in a dream what I have
+felt. Hope, like a conjuror&rsquo;s wand,<a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e3992src" href="#xd21e3992" name="xd21e3992src">268</a> sets
+before us what can never be. Why, then,&rsquo; thought he again,
+&lsquo;should I thus weary my mind in vain? If this bright-eyed maiden
+is indeed thus inclined towards me, Love, who is so kind without my
+asking, will ere long make it plain to me. He will be the decider of
+this doubt.&rsquo; Having at length come to this decision, he rose,
+then sat down, and merrily joined the damsels in gentle talk and
+graceful amusements&mdash;with dice, song, lute, tabor, concerts of
+mingled sound, and murmur of tender verse. After resting a short time
+he went out to see the park, and climbed to the top of the pleasure
+hill.</p>
+<p>&lsquo;&ldquo;K&#257;dambar&#299; saw him, and bade that the window
+should be opened to watch for Mah&#257;&ccedil;vet&#257;&rsquo;s
+return, saying, &lsquo;She tarries long,&rsquo; and, with a heart
+tossed by Love, mounted to the roof of the palace. There she stayed
+with a few attendants, protected from the heat by a gold-handled
+umbrella, white as the full moon, and fanned by the waving of four
+yaks&rsquo; tails pure as foam. She seemed to be practising an
+adornment fit for going to meet<a class="noteref" id="xd21e3997src"
+href="#xd21e3997" name="xd21e3997src">269</a>
+Candr&#257;p&#299;&#7693;a, by means of the bees which hovered round
+her head, <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb156" href="#pb156" name=
+"pb156">156</a>]</span>eager for the scent of the flowers, which veiled
+her even by day in darkness. Now she leaned on the point of the cowrie,
+now on the stick of the umbrella; now she laid her hands on
+Tam&#257;lik&#257;&rsquo;s shoulder, (<span>382</span>), now she clung
+to Madalekh&#257;; now she hid herself amidst her maidens, looking with
+sidelong glance; now she turned herself round; now she laid her cheek
+on the tip of the portress&rsquo;s staff; now with a steady hand she
+placed betel on her fresh lips; now she laughingly ran a few steps in
+pursuit of her maidens scattered by the blows of the lotuses she threw
+at them. And in looking at the prince, and being gazed at by him, she
+knew not how long a time had passed. At last a portress announced
+Mah&#257;&ccedil;vet&#257;&rsquo;s return, and she went down, and
+albeit unwilling, yet to please Mah&#257;&ccedil;vet&#257; she bathed
+and performed the wonted duties of the day.</p>
+<p>&lsquo;&ldquo;But Candr&#257;p&#299;&#7693;a went down, and
+dismissing K&#257;dambar&#299;&rsquo;s followers, performed the rites
+of bathing, and worshipped the deity honoured throughout the mountain,
+and did all the duties of the day, including his meal, on the pleasure
+hill. There he sat on an emerald seat which commanded the front of the
+pleasure hill, pleasant, green as a pigeon, bedewed with foam from the
+chewing of fawns, shining like Yamun&#257;&rsquo;s waters standing
+still in fear of Balar&#257;ma&rsquo;s plough, glowing crimson with
+lac-juice from the girls&rsquo; feet, sanded with flower-dust, hidden
+in a bower, a concert-house of peacocks. He suddenly beheld day
+eclipsed by a stream of white radiance, rich in glory,
+(<span>383</span>) light drunk up as by a garland of lotus-fibres,
+earth flooded as by a Milky Ocean, space bedewed as by a storm of
+sandal-juice, and the sky painted as with white chunam.</p>
+<p>&lsquo;&ldquo;&lsquo;What!&rsquo; thought he, &lsquo;is our lord,
+the Moon, king of plants, suddenly risen, or are a thousand
+shower-baths set going with their white streams let loose by a spring,
+or is it the heavenly Ganges, whitening the earth with her wind-tossed
+spray, that has come down to earth in curiosity?&rsquo;</p>
+<p><a class="noteref" id="xd21e4013src" href="#xd21e4013" name=
+"xd21e4013src">270</a>&lsquo;&ldquo;Then, turning his eyes in the
+direction of the light, he <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb157" href=
+"#pb157" name="pb157">157</a>]</span>beheld K&#257;dambar&#299;, and
+with her Madalekh&#257; and Taralik&#257; bearing a pearl necklace on a
+tray covered with white silk. (<span>384</span>) Thereupon
+Candr&#257;p&#299;&#7693;a decided that it was this necklace that
+eclipsed<a class="noteref" id="xd21e4021src" href="#xd21e4021" name=
+"xd21e4021src">271</a> moonlight, and was the cause of the brightness,
+and by rising while she was yet far off, and by all wonted courtesies,
+he greeted the approach of Madalekh&#257;. For a moment she rested on
+that emerald seat, and then, rising, anointed him with sandal perfume,
+put on him two white robes, (<span>385</span>) crowned him with
+m&#257;lat&#299; flowers, and then gave him the necklace, saying,
+&lsquo;This thy gentleness, my Prince, so devoid of pride, must needs
+subjugate every heart. Thy kindness gives an opening even to one like
+me; by thy form thou art lord of life to all; by that tenderness shown
+even where there is no claim on thee, thou throwest on all a bond of
+love; the innate sweetness of thy bearing makes every man thy friend;
+these thy virtues, manifested with such natural gentleness, give
+confidence to all. Thy form must take the blame, for it inspires trust
+even at first sight; else words addressed to one of such dignity as
+thou would seem all unmeet. For to speak with thee would be an insult;
+our very respect would bring on us the charge of forwardness; our very
+praise would display our boldness; our subservience would manifest
+lightness, our love self-deception, our speech to thee audacity, our
+service impertinence, our gift an insult. Nay, more, thou hast
+conquered our hearts; what is left for us to give thee? Thou art lord
+of our life; what can we offer thee? Thou hast already bestowed the
+great favour of thy presence; what return could we make? Thou by thy
+sight hast made our life worth having; how can we reward thy coming?
+(<span>386</span>) Therefore K&#257;dambar&#299; with this excuse shows
+her affection rather than her dignity. Noble hearts admit no question
+of mine and thine. Away with the thought of dignity. Even if she
+accepted slavery to one like thee, she would do no unworthy act; even
+if she gave herself to thee, she would not be deceived; if she gave her
+life, she would not repent. The generosity of a noble <span class=
+"pagenum">[<a id="pb158" href="#pb158" name=
+"pb158">158</a>]</span>heart is always bent on kindness, and does not
+willingly reject affection, and askers are less shamefaced than givers.
+But it is true that K&#257;dambar&#299; knows she has offended thee in
+this matter. Now, this necklace, called &Ccedil;esha,<a class="noteref"
+id="xd21e4036src" href="#xd21e4036" name="xd21e4036src">272</a> because
+it was the only jewel left of all that rose at the churning of nectar,
+was for that reason greatly valued by the Lord of Ocean, and was given
+by him to Varu&#7751;a on his return home. By the latter it was given
+to the Gandharva king, and by him to K&#257;dambar&#299;. And she,
+thinking thy form worthy of this ornament, in that not the earth, but
+the sky, is the home of the moon, hath sent it to thee. And though men
+like thee, who bear no ornament but a noble spirit, find it irksome to
+wear the gems honoured by meaner men, yet here
+K&#257;dambar&#299;&rsquo;s affection is a reason for thee to do so.
+(<span>387</span>) Did not Vish&#7751;u show his reverence by wearing
+on his breast the kaustubha gem, because it rose with Lakshm&#299;; and
+yet he was not greater than thee, nor did the kaustubha gem in the
+least surpass the &Ccedil;esha in worth; nor, indeed, does Lakshm&#299;
+approach in the slightest degree to imitating
+K&#257;dambar&#299;&rsquo;s beauty. And in truth, if her love is
+crushed by thee, she will grieve Mah&#257;&ccedil;vet&#257;<a class=
+"noteref" id="xd21e4044src" href="#xd21e4044" name=
+"xd21e4044src">273</a> with a thousand reproaches, and will slay
+herself. Mah&#257;&ccedil;vet&#257; therefore sends Taralik&#257; with
+the necklace to thee, and bids me say thus: &ldquo;Let not
+K&#257;dambar&#299;&rsquo;s first impulse of love be crushed by thee,
+even in thought, most noble prince.&rdquo;&rsquo; Thus having said, she
+fastened on his breast the necklace that rested like a bevy of stars on
+the slope of the golden mountain. Filled with amazement,
+Candr&#257;p&#299;&#7693;a replied: &lsquo;What means this,
+Madalekh&#257;? Thou art clever, and knowest how to win acceptance for
+thy gifts. By leaving me no chance of a reply, thou hast shown skill in
+oratory. Nay, foolish maiden, what are we in respect of thee, or of
+acceptance and refusal; truly this talk is nought. Having received
+kindness from ladies so rich in courtesy, let me be employed in any
+matter, whether pleasing or displeasing to me. But truly there lives
+not the man whom the virtues of the most <span class="pagenum">[<a id=
+"pb159" href="#pb159" name="pb159">159</a>]</span>courteous lady
+K&#257;dambar&#299; do not discourteously<a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e4052src" href="#xd21e4052" name="xd21e4052src">274</a>
+enslave.&rsquo; (<span>388</span>) Thus saying, after some talk about
+K&#257;dambar&#299;, he dismissed Madalekh&#257;, and ere she had long
+gone the daughter of Citraratha dismissed her attendants, rejected the
+insignia of wand, umbrella, and cowrie, and accompanied only by
+Tam&#257;lik&#257;, again mounted to the roof of her palace to behold
+Candr&#257;p&#299;&#7693;a, bright with pearls, silk raiment and
+sandal, go to the pleasure hill, like the moon to the mount of rising.
+There, with passionate glances imbued with every grace, she stole his
+heart. (<span>390</span>) And when it became too dark to see, she
+descended from the roof, and Candr&#257;p&#299;&#7693;a, from the slope
+of the hill.</p>
+<p>&lsquo;&ldquo;Then the moon, source of nectar, gladdener of all
+eyes, arose with his rays gathered in; he seemed to be worshipped by
+the night-lotuses, to calm the quarters whose faces were dark as if
+with anger, and to avoid the day-lotuses as if from fear of waking
+them; under the guise of his mark he wore night on his heart; he bore
+in the glow of rising the lac that had clung to him from the spurning
+of Rohi&#7751;&#299;&rsquo;s feet; he pursued the sky, in its dark blue
+veil, like a mistress; and by reason of his great goodwill, spread
+beauty everywhere.</p>
+<p>&lsquo;&ldquo;And when the moon, the umbrella of the supreme rule of
+K&#257;ma, the lord of the lotuses, the ivory earring that decks the
+night, had risen, and when the world was turned to whiteness, as though
+overlaid with ivory, Candr&#257;p&#299;&#7693;a lay down on a cool
+moonlit slab, pearl white, pointed out by K&#257;dambar&#299;&rsquo;s
+servants. It was washed with fresh sandal, garlanded with pure
+sinduv&#257;ra flowers, and carved round with a leafy tracery of lotus
+petals. It lay on the shore of a palace lotus tank, that seemed from
+the full moonlight to be made of night-lotuses,<a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e4071src" href="#xd21e4071" name="xd21e4071src">275</a> with steps
+white with bricks washed by the waves, as it wafted a breeze fanned by
+the ripples; (<span>391</span>) pairs of ham&#803;sas lay there
+<span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb160" href="#pb160" name=
+"pb160">160</a>]</span>asleep, and pairs of cakrav&#257;kas kept up
+their dirge of separation thereon. And while the Prince yet rested
+there Key&#363;raka approached him, and told him that Princess
+K&#257;dambar&#299; had come to see him. Then
+Candr&#257;p&#299;&#7693;a rose hastily, and beheld K&#257;dambar&#299;
+drawing near. Few of her friends were with her; all her royal insignia
+were removed; she was as it were a new self, in the single necklace she
+wore; her slender form was white with the purest sandal-juice; an
+earring hung from one ear; she wore a lotus-petal in the ear, soft as a
+budding digit of the moon; she was clad in robes of the
+kalpa-tree,<a class="noteref" id="xd21e4082src" href="#xd21e4082" name=
+"xd21e4082src">276</a> clear as moonlight; and in the garb that
+consorted with that hour she stood revealed like the very goddess of
+moonrise, as she rested on the hand offered by Madalekh&#257;. Drawing
+near, she showed a grace prompted by love, and took her seat on the
+ground, where servants are wont to sit, like a maiden of low degree;
+and Candr&#257;p&#299;&#7693;a, too, though often entreated by
+Madalekh&#257; to sit on the rocky seat, took his place on the ground
+by Madalekh&#257;; and when all the women were seated he made an effort
+to speak, saying, &lsquo;Princess, to one who is thy slave, and whom
+even a glance gladdens, there needs not the favour of speech with thee,
+far less so great a grace as this. (<span>392</span>) For, deeply as I
+think, I cannot see in myself any worth that this height of favour may
+befit. Most noble and sweet in its laying aside of pride is this thy
+courtesy, in that such grace is shown to one but newly thy servant.
+Perchance thou thinkest me a churl that must be won by gifts. Blessed,
+truly, is the servant over whom is thy sway! How great honour is
+bestowed on the servants deemed worthy of the bestowal of thy commands.
+But the body is a gift at the service of any man, and life is light as
+grass, so that I am ashamed in my devotion to greet thy coming with
+such a gift. Here am I, here my body, my life, my senses! Do thou, by
+accepting one of them, raise it to honour.&rsquo;</p>
+<p>&lsquo;&ldquo;Madalekh&#257; smilingly replied to this speech of
+his: &lsquo;Enough, Prince. My friend K&#257;dambar&#299; is pained by
+thy <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb161" href="#pb161" name=
+"pb161">161</a>]</span>too great ceremony. Why speakest thou thus? She
+accepts thy words without further talk. And why, too, is she brought to
+suspense by these too flattering speeches?&rsquo; and then, waiting a
+short time, she began afresh: &lsquo;How is King
+T&#257;r&#257;p&#299;&#7693;a, how Queen Vil&#257;savat&#299;, how the
+noble &Ccedil;ukan&#257;sa? What is Ujjayin&#299; like, and how far off
+is it? What is the land of Bharata? And is the world of mortals
+pleasant?&rsquo; So she questioned him. (<span>393</span>) After
+spending some time in such talk, K&#257;dambar&#299; rose, and
+summoning Key&#363;raka, who was lying near Candr&#257;p&#299;&#7693;a,
+and her attendants, she went up to her sleeping-chamber. There she
+adorned a couch strewn with a coverlet of white silk.
+Candr&#257;p&#299;&#7693;a, however, on his rock passed the night like
+a moment in thinking, while his feet were rubbed by Key&#363;raka, of
+the humility, beauty, and depth of K&#257;dambar&#299;&rsquo;s
+character, the causeless kindness of Mah&#257;&ccedil;vet&#257;, the
+courtesy of Madalekh&#257;, the dignity of the attendants, the great
+splendour of the Gandharva world, and the charm of the Kimpurusha
+land.</p>
+<p>&lsquo;&ldquo;Then the moon, lord of stars, weary of being kept
+awake by the sight of K&#257;dambar&#299;, descended, as if to sleep,
+to the forest on the shore, with its palms and tam&#257;las,
+t&#257;lis, banyans, and kandalas,<a class="noteref" id="xd21e4097src"
+href="#xd21e4097" name="xd21e4097src">277</a> cool with the breeze from
+the hardly stirred<a class="noteref" id="xd21e4105src" href=
+"#xd21e4105" name="xd21e4105src">278</a> ripples. As though with the
+feverish sighs of a woman grieving for her lover&rsquo;s approaching
+absence, the moonlight faded away. Lakshm&#299;, having passed the
+night on the moon lotuses, lay on the sun lotuses, as though love had
+sprung up in her at the sight of Candr&#257;p&#299;&#7693;a. At the
+close of night, when the palace lamps grew pale, as if dwindling in
+longing as they remembered the blows of the lotuses in maidens&rsquo;
+ears, the breezes of dawn, fragrant with creeper-flowers, were wafted,
+sportive with the sighs of Love weary from ceaselessly discharging his
+shafts; the stars were eclipsed by the rising dawn, and took their
+abode, as through fear, in the thick <span class="pagenum">[<a id=
+"pb162" href="#pb162" name="pb162">162</a>]</span>creeper bowers of
+Mount Mandara.<a class="noteref" id="xd21e4113src" href="#xd21e4113"
+name="xd21e4113src">279</a> (<span>394</span>) Then when the sun arose,
+with its orb crimson as if a glow remained from dwelling in the hearts
+of the cakrav&#257;kas, Candr&#257;p&#299;&#7693;a, rising from the
+rock, bathed his lotus face, said his morning prayer, took his betel,
+and then bade Key&#363;raka see whether Princess K&#257;dambar&#299;
+was awake or no, and where she was; and when it was announced to him by
+the latter on his return that she was with Mah&#257;&ccedil;vet&#257;
+in the bower of the courtyard below the Mandara palace, he started to
+see the daughter of the Gandharva king. There he beheld
+Mah&#257;&ccedil;vet&#257; surrounded by wandering ascetic women like
+visible goddesses of prayer, with marks of white ash on their brow, and
+hands quickly moving as they turned their rosaries; bearing the vow of
+&Ccedil;iva&rsquo;s followers, clad in robes tawny with mineral dyes,
+bound to wear red cloth, robed in the ruddy bark of ripe cocoanuts, or
+girdled with thick white cloth; with fans of white cloth; with staves,
+matted locks, deer-skins, and bark dresses; with the marks of male
+ascetics; reciting the pure praises of &Ccedil;iva, Durg&#257;,
+K&#257;rtikeya, Vi&ccedil;ravasa,<a class="noteref" id="xd21e4120src"
+href="#xd21e4120" name="xd21e4120src">280</a> K&#7771;ish&#7751;a,
+Avalokite&ccedil;vara, the Arhat, Viri&ntilde;ca.<a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e4123src" href="#xd21e4123" name="xd21e4123src">281</a>
+Mah&#257;&ccedil;vet&#257; herself was showing honour to the elder
+kinswomen of the king, the foremost of the zenana, by salutes,
+courteous speeches, by rising to meet them and placing reed seats for
+them.</p>
+<p>(<span>395</span>) &lsquo;&ldquo;He beheld K&#257;dambar&#299; also
+giving her attention to the recitation of the Mah&#257;bh&#257;rata,
+that transcends all good omens, by N&#257;rada&rsquo;s sweet-voiced
+daughter, with an accompaniment of flutes soft as the murmur of bees,
+played by a pair of Kinnaras sitting behind her. She was looking in a
+mirror fixed before her at her lip, pale as beeswax when the honey is
+gone, bathed in the moonlight of her teeth, though within it was
+darkened by betel. She was being honoured by a sunwise turn in
+departing by a tame goose wandering like the moon in a fixed circle,
+with wide eyes raised to her sir&#299;sha earrings in its longing for
+<span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb163" href="#pb163" name=
+"pb163">163</a>]</span>vallisneria. Here the prince approached, and,
+saluting her, sat down on a seat placed on the dais. After a short stay
+he looked at Mah&#257;&ccedil;vet&#257;&rsquo;s face with a gentle
+smile that dimpled his cheek, and she, at once knowing his wish, said
+to K&#257;dambar&#299;: &lsquo;Dear friend, Candr&#257;p&#299;&#7693;a
+is softened by thy virtues as the moonstone by the moon, and cannot
+speak for himself. He wishes to depart; for the court he has left
+behind is thrown into distress, not knowing what has happened.
+Moreover, however far apart you may be from each other, this your love,
+like that of the sun and the day lotus, or the moon and the night
+lotus, will last till the day of doom. Therefore let him go.&rsquo;</p>
+<p>(<span>396</span>) &lsquo;&ldquo;&lsquo;Dear
+Mah&#257;&ccedil;vet&#257;,&rsquo; replied K&#257;dambar&#299;,
+&lsquo;I and my retinue belong as wholly to the prince as his own soul.
+Why, then, this ceremony?&rsquo; So saying, and summoning the Gandharva
+princes, she bade them escort the prince to his own place, and he,
+rising, bowed before Mah&#257;&ccedil;vet&#257; first, and then
+K&#257;dambar&#299;, and was greeted by her with eyes and heart
+softened by affection; and with the words, &lsquo;Lady, what shall I
+say? For men distrust the multitude of words. Let me be remembered in
+the talk of thy retinue,&rsquo; he went out of the zenana; and all the
+maidens but K&#257;dambar&#299;, drawn by reverence for
+Candr&#257;p&#299;&#7693;a&rsquo;s virtues, followed him on his way
+like his subjects to the outer gate.</p>
+<p>&lsquo;&ldquo;On their return, he mounted the steed brought by
+Key&#363;raka, and, escorted by the Gandharva princes, turned to leave
+Hemak&#363;&#7789;a. His whole thoughts on the way were about
+K&#257;dambar&#299; in all things both within and without. With a mind
+wholly imbued with her, he beheld her behind him, dwelling within him
+in his bitter grief for the cruel separation; or before him, stopping
+him in his path; or cast on the sky, as if by the force of longing in
+his heart troubled by parting, so that he could perfectly see her face;
+he beheld her very self resting on his heart, as if her mind were
+wounded with his loss. When he reached
+Mah&#257;&ccedil;vet&#257;&rsquo;s hermitage, he there beheld his own
+camp, which had followed the tracks of Indr&#257;yudha.</p>
+<p>(<span>397</span>) &lsquo;&ldquo;Dismissing the Gandharva princes,
+he entered <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb164" href="#pb164" name=
+"pb164">164</a>]</span>his own abode amidst the salutations of his
+troops full of joy, curiosity, and wonder; and after greeting the rest
+of the court, he spent the day mostly in talk with
+Vai&ccedil;amp&#257;yana and Patralekh&#257;, saying, &lsquo;Thus said
+Mah&#257;&ccedil;vet&#257;, thus K&#257;dambar&#299;, thus
+Madalekh&#257;, thus Tam&#257;lik&#257;, thus Key&#363;raka.&rsquo; No
+longer did royal Glory, envious at the sight of
+K&#257;dambar&#299;&rsquo;s beauty, find in him her joy; for him night
+passed in wakefulness as he thought, with a mind in ceaseless longing,
+of that bright-eyed maiden. Next morning, at sunrise, he went to his
+pavilion with his mind still fixed on her, and suddenly saw
+Key&#363;raka entering with a doorkeeper; and as the latter, while yet
+far off, cast himself on the ground, so that his crest swept the floor,
+Candr&#257;p&#299;&#7693;a cried, &lsquo;Come, come,&rsquo; greeting
+him first with a sidelong glance, then with his heart, then with a
+thrill. Then at last he hastened forward to give him a hearty and frank
+embrace, and made him sit down by himself. Then, in words brightened by
+the nectar of a smile, and transfused with overflowing love, he
+reverently asked: &lsquo;Say, Key&#363;raka, is the lady
+K&#257;dambar&#299; well, and her friends, and her retinue, and the
+lady Mah&#257;&ccedil;vet&#257;?&rsquo; With a low bow, Key&#363;raka,
+as though he had been bathed, anointed, and refreshed by the smile that
+the prince&rsquo;s deep affection had prompted, replied
+respectfully:</p>
+<p>&lsquo;&ldquo;&lsquo;She is now well, in that my lord asks for
+her.&rsquo; And then he showed a folded lotus-leaf, wrapped in wet
+cloth, with its opening closed by lotus filaments, and a seal of tender
+lotus filaments set in a paste of wet sandal. (<span>398</span>) This
+he opened, and showed the tokens sent by K&#257;dambar&#299;, such as
+milky betel-nuts of emerald hue, with their shells removed and
+surrounded with fresh sprays, betel-leaves pale as the cheek of a
+hen-parrot, camphor like a solid piece of &Ccedil;iva&rsquo;s moon, and
+sandal ointment pleasant with rich musk scent. &lsquo;The lady
+K&#257;dambar&#299;,&rsquo; said he, &lsquo;salutes thee with folded
+hands that kiss her crest, and that are rosy with the rays of her
+tender fingers; Mah&#257;&ccedil;vet&#257; with a greeting and embrace;
+Madalekh&#257; with a reverence and a brow bathed in the moonlight of
+the crest-gem she has let <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb165" href=
+"#pb165" name="pb165">165</a>]</span>fall; the maidens with the points
+of the fish-ornaments and the parting of their hair resting on the
+ground; and Taralik&#257;, with a prostration to touch the dust of thy
+feet. Mah&#257;&ccedil;vet&#257; sends thee this message: &ldquo;Happy
+truly are they from whose eyes thou art never absent. For in truth thy
+virtues, snowy, cold as the moon when thou art by, in thine absence
+burn like sunlight. Truly all yearn for the past day as though it were
+that day whereon fate with such toil brought forth am&#7771;ita.
+Without thee the royal Gandharva city is languid as at the end of a
+feast. (<span>399</span>) Thou knowest that I have surrendered all
+things; yet my heart, in my despite, desires to see thee who art so
+undeservedly kind. K&#257;dambar&#299;, moreover, is far from well. She
+recalls thee with thy smiling face like Love himself. Thou, by the
+honour of thy return, canst make her proud of having some virtues of
+her own. For respect shown by the noble must needs confer honour. And
+thou must forgive the trouble of knowing such as we. For thine own
+nobility gives this boldness to our address. And here is this
+&Ccedil;esha necklace, which was left by thee on thy
+couch.&rdquo;&rsquo; So saying, he loosed it from his band, where it
+was visible by reason of the long rays that shot through the
+interstices of the fine thread, and placed it in the fan-bearer&rsquo;s
+hand.</p>
+<p>&lsquo;&ldquo;&lsquo;This, indeed, is the reward of doing homage at
+Mah&#257;&ccedil;vet&#257;&rsquo;s feet, that the lady
+K&#257;dambar&#299; should lay so great a weight of honour on her slave
+as to remember him,&rdquo; said Candr&#257;p&#299;&#7693;a, as he
+placed all on his head<a class="noteref" id="xd21e4160src" href=
+"#xd21e4160" name="xd21e4160src">282</a> and accepted it. The necklace
+he put round his neck, after anointing it with an ointment cool,
+pleasant, and fragrant, as it were with the beauty of
+K&#257;dambar&#299;&rsquo;s cheeks distilled, or the light of her smile
+liquefied, or her heart melted, or her virtues throbbing forth.
+(<span>400</span>) Taking some betel, he rose and stood, with his left
+arm on Key&#363;raka&rsquo;s shoulder, and then dismissed the
+courtiers, who were gladly paying their wonted homage, and at length
+went to see his elephant Gandham&#257;dana. There he stayed a short
+time, and after he had himself given to the elephant a handful of
+grass, <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb166" href="#pb166" name=
+"pb166">166</a>]</span>that, being jagged with the rays of his nails,
+was like lotus-fibre, he went to the stable of his favourite steed. On
+the way he turned his face now on this side, now on that, to glance at
+his retinue, and the porters, understanding his wish, forbade all to
+follow him, and dismissed the retinue, so that he entered the stable
+with Key&#363;raka alone. The grooms bowed and departed, with eyes
+bewildered by terror at their dismissal, and the prince set straight
+Indr&#257;yudha&rsquo;s cloth, which had fallen a little on one side,
+pushed back his mane, tawny as a lion&rsquo;s, which was falling on his
+eyes and half closing them, and then, negligently resting his foot on
+the peg of the tethering-rope, and leaning against the stable wall, he
+eagerly asked:</p>
+<p>&lsquo;&ldquo;&lsquo;Tell me, Key&#363;raka, what has happened in
+the Gandharva court since my departure? In what occupation has the
+Gandharva princess spent the time? What were Mah&#257;&ccedil;vet&#257;
+and Madalekh&#257; doing? What talk was there? How were you and the
+retinue employed? And was there any talk about me?&rsquo; Then
+Key&#363;raka told him all: &lsquo;Listen, prince. On thy departure,
+the lady K&#257;dambar&#299;, with her retinue, climbed to the palace
+roof, making in the maidens&rsquo; palace with the sound of anklets the
+beat of farewell drums that rose from a thousand hearts;
+(<span>401</span>) and she gazed on thy path, gray with the dust of the
+cavalcade. When thou wert out of sight, she laid her face on
+Mah&#257;&ccedil;vet&#257;&rsquo;s shoulder, and, in her love,
+sprinkled the region of thy journey with glances fair as the Milky
+Ocean, and, warding off the sun&rsquo;s touch, as it were, with the
+moon assuming in jealousy the guise of a white umbrella, she long
+remained there. Thence she reluctantly tore herself away and came down,
+and after but a short rest in the pavilion, she arose and went to the
+pleasaunce where thou hadst been. She was guided by bees murmuring in
+the flowers of oblation; startled by the cry of the house peacocks, she
+checked their note as they looked up at the shower-like rays of her
+nails, by the circlets which lay loose round her throat; at every step
+she let her hand rest on creeper-twigs white with flowers, and her mind
+on <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb167" href="#pb167" name=
+"pb167">167</a>]</span>thy virtues. When she reached the pleasaunce,
+her retinue needlessly told her: &ldquo;Here the prince stayed on the
+spray-washed rock, with its creeper-bower bedewed by the stream from a
+pipe that ends in an emerald fish-head; here he bathed in a place
+covered by bees absorbed in the fragrance of the scented water; here he
+worshipped &Ccedil;iva on the bank of the mountain stream, sandy with
+flower-dust; here he ate on a crystal stone which eclipsed moonlight;
+and here he slept on a pearly slab with a mark of sandal-juice
+imprinted on it.&rdquo; (<span>402</span>) And so she passed the day,
+gazing on the signs of thy presence; and at close of day
+Mah&#257;&ccedil;vet&#257; prepared for her, though against her will, a
+meal in that crystal dwelling. And when the sun set and the moon rose,
+soon, as though she were a moonstone that moonlight would melt, and
+therefore dreaded the entrance of the moon&rsquo;s reflection, she laid
+her hands on her cheeks, and, as if in thought, remained for a few
+minutes with closed eyes; and then rising, went to her
+sleeping-chamber, scarcely raising her feet as they moved with
+graceful, languid gait, seemingly heavy with bearing the moon&rsquo;s
+reflection on their bright nails. Throwing herself on her couch, she
+was racked by a severe headache, and overcome by a burning fever, and,
+in company with the palace-lamps, the moon-lotuses, and the
+cakrav&#257;kas, she passed the night open-eyed in bitter grief. And at
+dawn she summoned me, and reproachfully bade me seek for tidings of
+thee.&rsquo;</p>
+<p>&lsquo;&ldquo;At these words, Candr&#257;p&#299;&#7693;a, all eager
+to depart, shouted: &lsquo;A horse! a horse!&rsquo; and left the
+palace. Indr&#257;yudha was hastily saddled, and brought round by the
+grooms, and Candr&#257;p&#299;&#7693;a mounted, placing Patralekh&#257;
+behind him, leaving Vai&ccedil;amp&#257;yana in charge of the camp,
+dismissing all his retinue, and followed by Key&#363;raka on another
+steed, he went to Hemak&#363;&#7789;a. (<span>403</span>) On his
+arrival, he dismounted at the gate of K&#257;dambar&#299;&rsquo;s
+palace, giving his horse to the doorkeeper, and, followed by
+Patralekh&#257;, eager for the first sight of K&#257;dambar&#299;, he
+entered, and asked a eunuch who came forward where the lady
+K&#257;dambar&#299; was. Bending low, the latter informed him,
+<span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb168" href="#pb168" name=
+"pb168">168</a>]</span>that she was in the ice-bower on the bank of the
+lotus-tank below the Mattamay&#363;ra pleasaunce; and then the prince,
+guided by Key&#363;raka, went some distance through the women&rsquo;s
+garden, and beheld day grow green, and the sunbeams turn into grass by
+the reflection of the plantain-groves with their emerald glow, and
+there he beheld K&#257;dambar&#299;. (<span>410</span>) Then she looked
+with tremulous glance at her retinue, as, coming in one after another,
+they announced Candr&#257;p&#299;&#7693;a&rsquo;s approach, and asked
+each by name: &lsquo;Tell me, has he really come, and hast thou seen
+him? How far off is he?&rsquo; She gazed with eyes gradually
+brightening as she saw him yet afar off, and rose from her couch of
+flowers, standing like a newly-caught elephant bound to her post, and
+trembling in every limb. She was veiled in bees drawn as vassals by the
+fragrance of her flowery couch, all murmuring; her upper garment was in
+confusion, and she sought to place on her bosom the shining necklace;
+(<span>411</span>) she seemed to beg the support of a hand from her own
+shadow as she laid her left hand on the jewelled pavement; she seemed
+to receive herself as a gift by sprinkling<a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e4194src" href="#xd21e4194" name="xd21e4194src">283</a> with her
+right hand moist with the toil of binding together her falling locks;
+she poured forth tears of joy cool as though the sandal-juice of her
+sectarial mark had entered in and been united with them; she washed
+with a line of glad tears her smooth cheeks, that the pollen from her
+garland had tinged with gray, as if in eagerness that the image of her
+beloved might fall thereon; she seemed to be drawn forward by her long
+eyes fastened on Candr&#257;p&#299;&#7693;a&rsquo;s face, with its
+pupil fixed in a sidelong glance, and her head somewhat bent, as if
+from the weight of the sandal-mark on her brow.</p>
+<p>&lsquo;&ldquo;And Candr&#257;p&#299;&#7693;a, approaching, bowed
+first before Mah&#257;&ccedil;vet&#257;, then courteously saluted
+K&#257;dambar&#299;, and when she had returned his obeisance, and
+seated herself again on the couch, and the portress had brought him a
+gold stool with legs gleaming with gems, he pushed it away <span class=
+"pagenum">[<a id="pb169" href="#pb169" name="pb169">169</a>]</span>with
+his foot, and sat down on the ground. Then Key&#363;raka presented
+Patralekh&#257;, saying: &lsquo;This is Prince
+Candr&#257;p&#299;&#7693;a&rsquo;s betel-box bearer and most favoured
+friend.&rsquo; And K&#257;dambar&#299;, looking on her, thought:
+&lsquo;How great partiality does Praj&#257;pati bestow on mortal
+women!&rsquo; And as Patralekh&#257; bowed respectfully, she bade her
+approach, and placed her close behind herself, amidst the curious
+glances of all her retinue. (<span>412</span>) Filled even at first
+sight with great love for her, K&#257;dambar&#299; often touched her
+caressingly with her slender hand.</p>
+<p>&lsquo;&ldquo;Now, Candr&#257;p&#299;&#7693;a, having quickly
+performed all the courtesies of arrival, beheld the state of
+Citraratha&rsquo;s daughter, and thought: &lsquo;Surely my heart is
+dull, in that it cannot even now believe. Be it so. I will,
+nevertheless, ask her with a skilfully-devised speech.&rsquo;<a class=
+"noteref" id="xd21e4209src" href="#xd21e4209" name=
+"xd21e4209src">284</a> Then he said aloud: &lsquo;Princess, I know that
+this pain, with its unceasing torment, has come on thee from love. Yet,
+slender maiden, it torments thee not as us. I would gladly, by the
+offering of myself, restore thee to health. For I pity thee as thou
+tremblest; and as I see thee fallen under the pain of love, my heart,
+too, falls prostrate. For thine arms are slender and unadorned, and
+thou bearest in thine eye a red lotus like a hybiscus<a class="noteref"
+id="xd21e4215src" href="#xd21e4215" name="xd21e4215src">285</a> from
+the deep wasting of fever. And all thy retinue weep ceaselessly for thy
+pain. Accept thine ornaments. Take of thine own accord thy richest
+adornments; for as the creeper shines hidden in bees and flowers, so
+shouldst thou.&rsquo;</p>
+<p>&lsquo;&ldquo;Then K&#257;dambar&#299;, though naturally simple by
+reason of her youth, yet, from a knowledge taught by love, understood
+all the meaning of this darkly-expressed speech. (<span>413</span>)
+Yet, not realizing that she had come to such a point in her desires,
+supported by her modesty, she remained silent. She sent forth, however,
+the radiance of a smile at that moment on some pretext, as though to
+see his face darkened by the bees which were gathered round its
+sweetness. Madalekh&#257; therefore replied: &lsquo;Prince, what shall
+I say? This pain is cruel beyond words. Moreover, in one of so
+<span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb170" href="#pb170" name=
+"pb170">170</a>]</span>delicate a nature what does not tend to pain?
+Even cool lotus-fibres turn to fire and moonlight burns. Seest thou not
+the pain produced in her mind by the breezes of the fans? Only her
+strength of mind keeps her alive.&rsquo; But in heart alone did
+K&#257;dambar&#299; admit Madalekh&#257;&rsquo;s words as an answer to
+the prince. His mind, however, was in suspense from the doubtfulness of
+her meaning, and after spending some time in affectionate talk with
+<span class="corr" id="xd21e4227" title=
+"Source: Mah&#257;&ccedil;veta">Mah&#257;&ccedil;vet&#257;</span>, at
+length with a great effort he withdrew himself, and left
+K&#257;dambar&#299;&rsquo;s palace to go to the camp.</p>
+<p>&lsquo;&ldquo;As he was about to mount his horse, Key&#363;raka came
+up behind him, and said: &lsquo;Prince, Madalekh&#257; bids me say that
+Princess K&#257;dambar&#299;, ever since she beheld Patralekh&#257;,
+has been charmed by her, and wishes to keep her. She shall return
+later. (<span>414</span>) Having heard her message, thou must
+decide&rsquo; &lsquo;Happy,&rsquo; replied the prince, &lsquo;and
+enviable is Patralekh&#257;, in that she is honoured by so rare a
+favour by the princess. Let her be taken in.&rsquo; So saying, he went
+to the camp.</p>
+<p>&lsquo;&ldquo;At the moment of his arrival he beheld a
+letter-carrier well known to him, that had come from his father&rsquo;s
+presence, and, stopping his horse, he asked from afar, with eyes
+widened by affection: &lsquo;Is my father well, and all his retinue?
+and my mother and all the zenana?&rsquo; Then the man, approaching with
+a reverence, saying, &lsquo;As thou sayest, prince,&rsquo; gave him two
+letters. Then the prince, placing them on his head, and himself opening
+them in order, read as follows: &lsquo;Hail from Ujjayin&#299;. King
+T&#257;r&#257;p&#299;&#7693;a, king of kings, whose lotus-feet are made
+the crest on the head of all kings, greets Candr&#257;p&#299;&#7693;a,
+the home of all good fortune, kissing him on his head, which kisses the
+circle of the flashing rays of his crest jewels. Our subjects are well.
+Why has so long a time passed since we have seen thee? Our heart longs
+eagerly for thee. The queen and the zenana pine for thee. Therefore,
+let the cutting short of this letter be a cause of thy setting
+out.&rsquo; And in the second letter, sent by &Ccedil;ukan&#257;sa, he
+read words of like import. Vai&ccedil;amp&#257;yana, too, at that
+moment came up, and <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb171" href="#pb171"
+name="pb171">171</a>]</span>showed another pair of letters of his own
+to the same effect. (<span>415</span>) So with the words, &lsquo;As my
+father commands,&rsquo; he at once mounted his horse, and caused the
+drum of departure to be sounded. He instructed Meghan&#257;da, son of
+Bal&#257;haka, the commander-in-chief, who stood near him surrounded by
+a large troop: &lsquo;Thou must come with Patralekh&#257;.
+Key&#363;raka will surely bring her as far as here, and by his lips a
+message must be sent with a salutation to Princess K&#257;dambar&#299;.
+Truly the nature of mortals deserves the blame of the three worlds, for
+it is discourteous, unfriendly, and hard to grasp, in that, when the
+loves of men suddenly clash, they do not set its full value on
+spontaneous tenderness. Thus, by my going, my love has become a
+cheating counterfeit; my faith has gained skill in false tones; my
+self-devotion has sunk into base deceit, having only a pretended
+sweetness; and the variance of voice and thought has been laid bare.
+But enough of myself. The princess, though a mate for the gods, has, by
+showing her favour to an unworthy object,<a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e4243src" href="#xd21e4243" name="xd21e4243src">286</a> incurred
+reproach. For the ambrosially kind glances of the great, when they fall
+in vain on unfitting objects, cause shame afterwards. And yet my heart
+is not so much weighed down by shame for her as for
+Mah&#257;&ccedil;vet&#257;. For the princess will doubtless often blame
+her for her ill-placed partiality in having painted my virtues with a
+false imputation of qualities I did not possess. What, then, shall I
+do? My parents&rsquo; command is the weightier. Yet it controls my body
+alone. (<span>416</span>) But my heart, in its yearning to dwell at
+Hemak&#363;&#7789;a, has written a bond of slavery for a thousand
+births to Princess K&#257;dambar&#299;,<a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e4249src" href="#xd21e4249" name="xd21e4249src">287</a> and her
+favour holds it fast<a class="noteref" id="xd21e4262src" href=
+"#xd21e4262" name="xd21e4262src">288</a> as the dense thicket holds a
+forester. Nevertheless, I go at my father&rsquo;s command. Truly from
+this cause the infamous Candr&#257;p&#299;&#7693;a will be a byword to
+the people. Yet, think not that Candr&#257;p&#299;&#7693;a, if he
+lives, will rest without again tasting the joy of worshipping the
+lotus-feet of the princess. <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb172" href=
+"#pb172" name="pb172">172</a>]</span>Salute with bent head and sunwise
+turn the feet of Mah&#257;&ccedil;vet&#257;. Tell Madalekh&#257; that a
+hearty embrace, preceded by an obeisance, is offered her; salute
+Tam&#257;lik&#257;, and inquire on my behalf after all
+K&#257;dambar&#299;&rsquo;s retinue. Let blessed Hemak&#363;&#7789;a be
+honoured by me with upraised hands.&rsquo; After giving this message,
+he set Vai&ccedil;amp&#257;yana over the camp, instructing his friend
+to march<a class="noteref" id="xd21e4267src" href="#xd21e4267" name=
+"xd21e4267src">289</a> slowly, without overtasking the army. Then he
+mounted, accompanied by his cavalry, mostly mounted on young horses,
+wearing the grace of a forest of spears, breaking up the earth with
+their hoofs, and shaking Kail&#257;sa with their joyful neighing as
+they set out; and though his heart was empty, in the fresh separation
+from K&#257;dambar&#299;, he asked the letter-carrier who clung to his
+saddle concerning the way to Ujjayin&#299;.</p>
+<p>(417&ndash;426 condensed) &lsquo;&ldquo;And on the way he beheld in
+the forest a red flag, near which was a shrine of Durg&#257;, guarded
+by an old Dravi&#7693;ian hermit, who made his abode thereby.</p>
+<p>(<span>426</span>) &lsquo;&ldquo;Dismounting, he entered, and bent
+reverently before the goddess, and, bowing again after a sunwise turn,
+he wandered about, interested in the calm of the place, and beheld on
+one side the wrathful hermit, howling and shouting at him; and at the
+sight, tossed as he was by passionate longing in his absence from
+K&#257;dambar&#299;, he could not forbear smiling a moment; but he
+checked his soldiers, who were laughing and beginning a quarrel with
+the hermit; and at length, with great difficulty, he calmed him with
+many a soothing and courteous speech, and asked him about his
+birthplace, caste, knowledge, wife and children, wealth, age, and the
+cause of his ascetic vow. On being asked, the latter described himself,
+and the prince was greatly interested by him as he garrulously
+described his past heroism, beauty, and wealth, and thus diverted his
+mind in its soreness of bereavement; and, having become friendly with
+him, he caused betel to be offered to him. (<span>427</span>) When the
+sun set, the princes encamped under the trees that chanced<a class=
+"noteref" id="xd21e4283src" href="#xd21e4283" name=
+"xd21e4283src">290</a> to be near; the golden <span class=
+"pagenum">[<a id="pb173" href="#pb173" name=
+"pb173">173</a>]</span>saddles of the steeds were hung on boughs; the
+steeds showed the exertions they had gone through, from the tossing of
+their manes dusty with rolling on the earth, and after they had taken
+some handfuls of grass and been watered, and were refreshed, they were
+tethered, with the spears dug into the ground before them; the
+soldiery, wearied<a class="noteref" id="xd21e4291src" href="#xd21e4291"
+name="xd21e4291src">291</a> with the day&rsquo;s march, appointed a
+watch, and gladly went to sleep on heaps of leaves near the horses; the
+encampment was bright as day, for the darkness was drunk up by the
+light of many a bivouac fire, and Candr&#257;p&#299;&#7693;a went to a
+couch prepared for him by his retinue, and pointed out to him by his
+porters, in front of the place where Indr&#257;yudha was tethered. But
+the very moment he lay down restlessness seized his heart, and,
+overcome by pain, he dismissed the princes, and said nothing even to
+the special favourites who stood behind him. With closed eyes he again
+and again went in heart to the Kimpurusha land. With fixed thought he
+recalled Hemak&#363;&#7789;a. He thought on the spontaneous kindness of
+Mah&#257;&ccedil;vet&#257;&rsquo;s favours.<a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e4298src" href="#xd21e4298" name="xd21e4298src">292</a> He
+constantly longed for the sight of K&#257;dambar&#299; as his
+life&rsquo;s highest fruit. He continually desired the converse of
+Madalekh&#257;, so charming in its absence of pride. He wished to see
+Tam&#257;lik&#257;. He looked forward to Key&#363;raka&rsquo;s coming.
+He beheld in fancy the winter palace. He often sighed a long, feverish
+sigh. He bestowed on the &Ccedil;esha necklace a kindness beyond that
+for his kin. (<span>428</span>) He thought he saw fortunate
+Patralekh&#257; standing behind him. Thus he passed the night without
+sleep; and, rising at dawn, he fulfilled the hermit&rsquo;s wish by
+wealth poured out at his desire, and, sojourning at pleasant spots on
+the way, in a few days he reached Ujjayin&#299;. A thousand hands, like
+lotuses of offering to a guest raised in reverent salutation, were
+raised by the citizens in their confusion and joy at his sudden coming,
+as he then unexpectedly entered the city. The king heard from the
+retinue<a class="noteref" id="xd21e4307src" href="#xd21e4307" name=
+"xd21e4307src">293</a> hastening to be first to tell him that
+Candr&#257;p&#299;&#7693;a was at the gate, and <span class=
+"pagenum">[<a id="pb174" href="#pb174" name=
+"pb174">174</a>]</span>bewildered by sudden gladness, with steps slow
+from the weight of joy, he went to meet his son. Like Mandara, he drew
+to himself as a Milky Ocean his spotless silk mantle that was slipping
+down; like the kalpa-tree, with its shower of choice pearls, he rained
+tears of gladness; he was followed by a thousand chiefs that were round
+him&mdash;chiefs with topknots white with age, anointed with sandal,
+wearing untorn<a class="noteref" id="xd21e4315src" href="#xd21e4315"
+name="xd21e4315src">294</a> linen robes, bracelets, turbans, crests and
+wreaths, bearing swords, staves, umbrellas and cowries, making the
+earth appear rich in Kail&#257;sas and Milky Oceans. The prince, seeing
+his father from afar, dismounted, and touched the ground with a head
+garlanded by the rays of his crest-jewels. Then his father stretched
+out his arms, bidding him approach, and embraced him closely; and when
+he had paid his respects to all the honourable persons who were there,
+he was led by the king to Vil&#257;savat&#299;&rsquo;s palace.
+(<span>429</span>) His coming was greeted by her and her retinue, and
+when he had performed all the auspicious ceremonies of arrival, he
+stayed some time in talk about his expedition of conquest, and then
+went to see &Ccedil;ukan&#257;sa. Having duly stayed there some time,
+he told him that Vai&ccedil;amp&#257;yana was at the camp and well, and
+saw Manoram&#257;; and then returning, he mechanically<a class=
+"noteref" id="xd21e4324src" href="#xd21e4324" name=
+"xd21e4324src">295</a> performed the ceremonies of bathing, and so
+forth, in Vil&#257;savat&#299;&rsquo;s palace. On the morrow he went to
+his own palace, and there, with a mind tossed by anxiety, he deemed
+that not only himself, but his palace and the city, and, indeed, the
+whole world, was but a void without K&#257;dambar&#299;, and so, in his
+longing to hear news of her, he awaited the return of Patralekh&#257;,
+as though it were a festival, or the winning of a boon, or the time of
+the rising of am&#7771;ita.</p>
+<p>&lsquo;&ldquo;A few days later Meghan&#257;da came with
+Patralekh&#257;, and led her in; and as she made obeisance from afar,
+Candr&#257;p&#299;&#7693;a smiled affectionately, and, rising
+reverently, embraced her; for though she was naturally dear to him, she
+was now yet dearer as having won a fresh splendour <span class=
+"pagenum">[<a id="pb175" href="#pb175" name="pb175">175</a>]</span>from
+K&#257;dambar&#299;&rsquo;s presence. He laid his slender hand on
+Meghan&#257;da&rsquo;s back as he bent before him, and then, sitting
+down, he said: &lsquo;Tell me, Patralekh&#257;, is all well with
+Mah&#257;&ccedil;vet&#257; and Madalekh&#257;, and the lady
+K&#257;dambar&#299;? (<span>430</span>) And are all her retinue well,
+with Tam&#257;lik&#257; and Key&#363;raka?&rsquo; &lsquo;Prince,&rsquo;
+she replied, &lsquo;all is well, as thou sayest. The lady
+K&#257;dambar&#299;, with her friends and retinue, do thee homage by
+making their raised hands into a wreath for their brows.&rsquo; At
+these words the prince dismissed his royal retinue, and went with
+Patralekh&#257; into the palace. Then, with a tortured heart, no longer
+able from its intense love to overcome his eagerness to hear, he sent
+his retinue far away and entered the house. With his lotus-feet he
+pushed away the pair of ham&#803;sas that were sleeping happily on the
+slope beneath a leafy bower that made an emerald banner; and, resting
+in the midst of a fresh bed of hybiscus, that made a sunshade with its
+broad, long-stalked leaves, he sat down, and asked: &lsquo;Tell me,
+Patralekh&#257;, how thou hast fared. How many days wert thou there?
+What favour did the princess show thee? What talk was there, and what
+conversation arose? Who most remembers us, and whose affection is
+greatest?&rsquo;<a class="noteref" id="xd21e4336src" href="#xd21e4336"
+name="xd21e4336src">296</a> Thus questioned, she told him: &lsquo;Give
+thy mind and hear all. When thou wert gone, I returned with
+Key&#363;raka, and sat down near the couch of flowers; and there I
+gladly remained, receiving ever fresh marks of kindness from the
+princess. What need of words? (<span>431</span>) The whole of that day
+her eye, her form, her hand, were on mine; her speech dwelt on my name
+and her heart on my love. On the morrow, leaning on me, she left the
+winter palace, and, wandering at will, bade her retinue remain behind,
+and entered the maidens&rsquo; garden. By a flight of emerald steps,
+that might have been formed from Jamun&#257;&rsquo;s<a class="noteref"
+id="xd21e4345src" href="#xd21e4345" name="xd21e4345src">297</a> waves,
+she ascended to a white summer-house, and in it she stayed some time,
+leaning against a jewelled pillar, deliberating with her heart, wishing
+to say something, and gazing on my face with fixed pupil and motionless
+<span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb176" href="#pb176" name=
+"pb176">176</a>]</span>eyelashes. As she looked she formed her resolve,
+and, as if longing to enter love&rsquo;s fire, she was bathed in
+perspiration; whereat a trembling came upon her, so that, shaking in
+every limb as though fearing to fall, she was seized by despair.</p>
+<p>&lsquo;&ldquo;&lsquo;But when I, who knew her thoughts, fixed my
+mind on her, and, fastening my eyes on her face, bade her speak, she
+seemed to be restrained by her own trembling limbs; with a toe that
+marked the floor as if for retreat, she seemed to rub out her own image
+in shame that it should hear her secret; (<span>432</span>) with her
+lotus foot&mdash;its anklets all set jingling by the scratching of the
+floor&mdash;she pushed aside the tame geese; with a strip of silk made
+into a fan for her hot face, she drove away the bees on her
+ear-lotuses; to the peacock she gave, like a bribe, a piece of betel
+broken by her teeth; and gazing often on every side lest a wood-goddess
+should listen, much as she longed to speak, she was checked in her
+utterance by shame, and could not speak a word.<a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e4356src" href="#xd21e4356" name="xd21e4356src">298</a> Her voice,
+in spite of her greatest efforts, was wholly burnt up by love&rsquo;s
+fire, borne away by a ceaseless flow of tears, overwhelmed by onrushing
+griefs, broken by love&rsquo;s falling shafts, banished by invading
+sighs, restrained by the hundred cares that dwelt in her heart, and
+drunk by the bees that tasted her breath, so that it could not come
+forth. In brief, she made a pearl rosary to count her many griefs with
+the bright tears that fell without touching her cheeks, as with bent
+head she made the very image of a storm. Then from her shame learnt its
+full grace; modesty, a transcendant modesty; simplicity, simplicity;
+courtesy, courtesy; (<span>433</span>) fear, timidity; coquetry, its
+quintessence; despair, its own nature; and charm, a further charm. And
+so, when I asked her, &ldquo;Princess, what means this?&rdquo; she
+wiped her reddened eyes, and, holding a garland woven by the flowers of
+the bower with arms which, soft as lotus-fibres, seemed meant to hold
+her firmly in the excess of her grief, she raised one eyebrow, as if
+gazing on the path of death, and sighed a <span class="pagenum">[<a id=
+"pb177" href="#pb177" name="pb177">177</a>]</span>long, fevered sigh.
+And as, in desire to know the cause of her sorrow, I pressed her to
+tell me, she seemed to write on the ketak&#299; petals scratched by her
+nails in her shame, and so deliver her message. She moved her lower lip
+in eagerness to speak, and seemed to be whispering to the bees who
+drank her breath, and thus she remained some time with eyes fixed on
+the ground.</p>
+<p>&lsquo;&ldquo;&lsquo;At last, often turning her glance to my face,
+she seemed to purify, with the tears that fell from her brimming eyes,
+the voice that the smoke of Love&rsquo;s fire had dimmed. And, in the
+guise of tears, she bound up with the rays of her teeth, flashing in a
+forced smile, the strange syllables of what she had meant to say, but
+forgotten in her tremor, and with great difficulty betook herself to
+speech. &ldquo;Patralekh&#257;,&rdquo; she said to me, &ldquo;by reason
+of my great favour for thee, neither father, mother,
+Mah&#257;&ccedil;vet&#257;, Madalekh&#257;, nor life itself is dear to
+me as thou hast been since I first beheld thee. (<span>434</span>) I
+know not why my heart has cast off all my friends and trusts in thee
+alone. To whom else can I complain, or tell my humiliation, or give a
+share in my woe? When I have shown thee the unbearable burden of my
+woe, I will die. By my life I swear to thee I am put to shame by even
+my own heart&rsquo;s knowledge of my story; how much more by
+another&rsquo;s? How should such as I stain by ill report a race pure
+as moonbeams, and lose the honour which has descended from my sires,
+and turn my thoughts on unmaidenly levity, acting thus without my
+father&rsquo;s will, or my mother&rsquo;s bestowal, or my elders&rsquo;
+congratulations, without any announcement, without sending of gifts, or
+showing of pictures? Timidly, as one unprotected, have I been led to
+deserve my parents&rsquo; blame by that overweening
+Candr&#257;p&#299;&#7693;a. Is this, I pray, the conduct of noble men?
+Is this the fruit of our meeting, that my heart, tender as a lotus
+filament, is now crushed? For maidens should not be lightly treated by
+youths; the fire of love is wont to consume first their reserve and
+then their heart; the arrows of love pierce first their dignity and
+then their life. Therefore, I bid thee farewell till our <span class=
+"pagenum">[<a id="pb178" href="#pb178" name=
+"pb178">178</a>]</span>meeting in another birth, for none is dearer to
+me than thou. (<span>435</span>) By carrying out my resolve of death, I
+shall cleanse my own stain.&rdquo; So saying, she was silent.</p>
+<p>&lsquo;&ldquo;&lsquo;Not knowing the truth of her tale, I
+sorrowfully, as if ashamed, afraid, bewildered, and bereft of sense,
+adjured her, saying: &ldquo;Princess, I long to hear. Tell me what
+Prince Candr&#257;p&#299;&#7693;a has done. What offence has been
+committed? By what discourtesy has he vexed that lotus-soft heart of
+thine, that none should vex? When I have heard this, thou shalt die on
+my lifeless body.&rdquo; Thus urged, she again began: &ldquo;I will
+tell thee; listen carefully. In my dreams that cunning villain comes
+daily and employs in secret messages a caged parrot and a starling. In
+my dreams he, bewildered in mind with vain desires, writes in my
+earrings to appoint meetings. He sends love-letters with their
+syllables washed away, filled with mad hopes, most sweet, and showing
+his own state by the lines of tears stained with pigment falling on
+them. By the glow of his feelings he dyes my feet against my will. In
+his reckless insolence he prides himself on his own reflection in my
+nails. (<span>436</span>) In his unwarranted boldness he embraces me
+against my will in the gardens when I am alone, and almost dead from
+fear of being caught, as the clinging of my silken skirts to the
+branches hinders my steps, and my friends the creepers seize and
+deliver me to him. Naturally crooked, he teaches the very essence of
+crookedness to a heart by nature simple by the blazonry he paints on my
+breast. Full of guileful flattery, he fans with his cool breath my
+cheeks all wet and shining as with a breeze from the waves of my
+heart&rsquo;s longing. He boldly places the rays of his nails like
+young barley-sheaves on my ear, though his hand is empty, because its
+lotus has fallen from his grasp relaxed in weariness. He audaciously
+draws me by the hair to quaff the sweet wine of his breath, inhaled by
+him when he watered his favourite bakul-flowers. Mocked by his own
+folly, he demands on his head the touch of my foot, destined for the
+palace a&ccedil;oka-tree.<a class="noteref" id="xd21e4385src" href=
+"#xd21e4385" name="xd21e4385src">299</a> In his utter <span class=
+"pagenum">[<a id="pb179" href="#pb179" name="pb179">179</a>]</span>love
+madness, he says: &lsquo;Tell me, Patralekh&#257;, how a madman can be
+rejected?&rsquo; For he considers refusal a sign of jealousy; he deems
+abuse a gentle jest; he looks on silence as pettishness; he regards the
+mention of his faults as a device for thinking of him; he views
+contempt as the familiarity of love; he esteems the blame of mankind as
+renown.&rdquo;</p>
+<p>&lsquo;&ldquo;&lsquo;A sweet joy filled me as I heard her say this,
+and I thought, (<span>437</span>) &ldquo;Surely Love has led her far in
+her feelings for Candr&#257;p&#299;&#7693;a. If this indeed be true, he
+shows in visible form, under the guise of K&#257;dambar&#299;, his
+tender feeling towards the prince, and he is met by the prince&rsquo;s
+innate and carefully-trained virtues. The quarters gleam with his
+glory; a rain of pearls is cast by his youth on the waves of the ocean
+of tenderness; his name is written by his youthful gaiety on the moon;
+his own fortune is proclaimed by his happy lot; and nectar is showered
+down by his grace as by the digits of the moon.<span class="corr" id=
+"xd21e4395" title="Not in source">&rdquo;</span></p>
+<p>&lsquo;&ldquo;&lsquo;Moreover, the Malaya wind has at length its
+season; moonrise has gained its full chance; the luxuriance of spring
+flowers has won a fitting fruit; the sharpness of wine has mellowed to
+its full virtue, and the descent of love&rsquo;s era is now clearly
+manifest on earth.</p>
+<p>&lsquo;&ldquo;&lsquo;Then I smiled, and said aloud: &ldquo;If it be
+so, princess, cease thy wrath. Be appeased. Thou canst not punish the
+prince for the faults of K&#257;ma. These truly are the sports of Love,
+the god of the Flowery Bow, not of a wanton
+Candr&#257;p&#299;&#7693;a.&rdquo;</p>
+<p>&lsquo;&ldquo;&lsquo;As I said this, she eagerly asked me: &ldquo;As
+for this K&#257;ma, whoever he may be, tell me what forms he
+assumes.&rdquo;</p>
+<p>&lsquo;&ldquo;&lsquo;&ldquo;How can he have forms?&rdquo; replied I.
+&ldquo;He is a formless fire. For without flame he creates heat;
+without smoke he makes tears flow; without the dust of ashes he shows
+whiteness. Nor is there a being in all the wide universe who is not, or
+has not been, or will not be, the victim of his shaft. Who is there
+that fears him not? (<span>438</span>) Even a strong man is pierced by
+him when he takes in hand his flowery bow. <span class=
+"pagenum">[<a id="pb180" href="#pb180" name="pb180">180</a>]</span></p>
+<p>&lsquo;&ldquo;&lsquo;&ldquo;Moreover, when tender women are
+possessed by him, they gaze, and the sky is crowded with a thousand
+images of their beloved. They paint the loved form; the earth is a
+canvas all too small. They reckon the virtues of their hero; number
+itself fails them. They listen to talk about their dearest; the Goddess
+of Speech herself seems all too silent. They muse on the joys of union
+with him who is their life; and time itself is all too short to their
+heart.&rdquo;</p>
+<p>&lsquo;&ldquo;&lsquo;She pondered a moment on this ere she replied:
+&ldquo;As thou sayest, Patralekh&#257;, Love has led me into tenderness
+for the prince. For all these signs and more are found in me. Thou art
+one with my own heart, and I ask thee to tell me what I should now do?
+I am all unversed in such matters. Moreover, if I were forced to tell
+my parents, I should be so ashamed that my heart would choose death
+rather than life.&rdquo;</p>
+<p>&lsquo;&ldquo;&lsquo;Then again I answered; &ldquo;Enough, princess!
+Why this needless talk of death as a necessary condition?<a class=
+"noteref" id="xd21e4417src" href="#xd21e4417" name=
+"xd21e4417src">300</a> Surely, fair maiden, though thou hast not sought
+to please him, Love has in kindness given thee this boon. Why tell thy
+parents? Love himself, like a parent, plans for thee;
+(<span>439</span>) like a mother, he approves thee; like a father, he
+bestows thee; like a girl friend, he kindles thine affection; like a
+nurse, he teaches thy tender age the secrets of love. Why should I tell
+thee of those who have themselves chosen their lords? For were it not
+so, the ordinance of the svayam&#803;vara in our law-books<a class=
+"noteref" id="xd21e4440src" href="#xd21e4440" name=
+"xd21e4440src">301</a> would be meaningless. Be at rest, then,
+princess. Enough of this talk of death. I conjure thee by touching thy
+lotus-foot to send me. I am ready to go. I will bring back to thee,
+princess, thy heart&rsquo;s beloved.&rdquo;</p>
+<p>&lsquo;&ldquo;&lsquo;When I had said this, she seemed to drink me in
+with a tender glance; she was confused by an ardour of <span class=
+"pagenum">[<a id="pb181" href="#pb181" name=
+"pb181">181</a>]</span>affection which, though restrained, found a
+path, and burst through the reserve that Love&rsquo;s shafts had
+pierced. In her pleasure at my words, she cast off the silken outer
+robe which clung to her through her weariness, and left it suspended on
+her thrilling limbs.<a class="noteref" id="xd21e4447src" href=
+"#xd21e4447" name="xd21e4447src">302</a> She loosened the moonbeam
+necklace on her neck, put there as a noose to hang herself, and
+entangled in the fish ornaments of her swinging earring. Yet, though
+her whole soul was in a fever of joy, she supported herself by the
+modesty which is a maiden&rsquo;s natural dower, and said: &ldquo;I
+know thy great love. But how could a woman, tender of nature as a young
+&ccedil;ir&#299;sha-blossom, show such boldness, especially one so
+young as I? (<span>440</span>) Bold, indeed, are they who themselves
+send messages, or themselves deliver a message. I, a young
+maiden,<a class="noteref" id="xd21e4455src" href="#xd21e4455" name=
+"xd21e4455src">303</a> am ashamed to send a bold message. What, indeed,
+could I say? &lsquo;Thou art very dear,&rsquo; is superfluous.
+&lsquo;Am I dear to thee?&rsquo; is a senseless question. &lsquo;My
+love for thee is great,&rsquo; is the speech of the shameless.
+&lsquo;Without thee I cannot live,&rsquo; is contrary to experience.
+&lsquo;Love conquers me,&rsquo; is a reproach of my own fault. &lsquo;I
+am given to thee by Love,&rsquo; is a bold offering of one&rsquo;s
+self. &lsquo;Thou art my captive,&rsquo; is the daring speech of
+immodesty. &lsquo;Thou must needs come,&rsquo; is the pride of fortune.
+&lsquo;I will come myself,&rsquo; is a woman&rsquo;s weakness. &lsquo;I
+am wholly devoted to thee,&rsquo; is the lightness of obtruded
+affection. &lsquo;I send no message from fear of a rebuff,&rsquo; is to
+wake the sleeper.<a class="noteref" id="xd21e4467src" href="#xd21e4467"
+name="xd21e4467src">304</a> &lsquo;Let me be a warning of the sorrow of
+a service that is despised,&rsquo; is an excess of tenderness.
+&lsquo;Thou shalt know my love by my death,&rsquo; is a thought that
+may not enter the mind.&rdquo;&rsquo;&rdquo;&rsquo; <span class=
+"pagenum">[<a id="pb182" href="#pb182" name="pb182">182</a>]</span></p>
+</div>
+<div class="footnotes">
+<hr class="fnsep">
+<p class="footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e672" href="#xd21e672src" name="xd21e672">1</a></span> As the
+three Vedas, or the triad.</p>
+<p class="footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e680" href="#xd21e680src" name="xd21e680">2</a></span>
+Vish&#7751;u Pur&#257;&#7751;a, Bk. v., ch. 33.</p>
+<p class="footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e690" href="#xd21e690src" name="xd21e690">3</a></span> His
+guru.</p>
+<p class="footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e705" href="#xd21e705src" name="xd21e705">4</a></span> <i>Rasa</i>
+= (<i>a</i>) the eight <i>rasas</i>; (<i>b</i>) love.</p>
+<p class="footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e719" href="#xd21e719src" name="xd21e719">5</a></span>
+<i>&Ccedil;ayy&#257;</i> = (<i>a</i>) composition; (<i>b</i>)
+couch.</p>
+<p class="footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e732" href="#xd21e732src" name="xd21e732">6</a></span> (<i>a</i>)
+Which sparkle with emphatic words and similes; (<i>b</i>) like flashing
+lamps.</p>
+<p class="footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e741" href="#xd21e741src" name="xd21e741">7</a></span> (<i>a</i>)
+Pun; (<i>b</i>) proximity.</p>
+<p class="footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e764" href="#xd21e764src" name="xd21e764">8</a></span> Hanging on
+his ear (as an ornament).</p>
+<p class="footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e772" href="#xd21e772src" name="xd21e772">9</a></span> In the case
+of elephants, &lsquo;having their ichor regulated by a proper
+regimen.&rsquo;</p>
+<p class="footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e775" href="#xd21e775src" name="xd21e775">10</a></span> With
+renowned warriors on their backs.</p>
+<p class="footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e778" href="#xd21e778src" name="xd21e778">11</a></span> Having
+trunks as thick as sacrificial posts.</p>
+<p class="footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e798" href="#xd21e798src" name="xd21e798">12</a></span>
+<i>I.e.</i>, V&#257;savadatt&#257; and the B&#7771;ihatkath&#257;; or,
+r., <i>advit&#299;y&#257;</i>, unrivalled.</p>
+<p class="footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e813" href="#xd21e813src" name="xd21e813">13</a></span> (<i>a</i>)
+Unconquerable in might; (<i>b</i>) having unconquerable shafts.</p>
+<p class="footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e822" href="#xd21e822src" name="xd21e822">14</a></span> In the
+case of Brahma, &lsquo;he made his chariot of flamingoes.&rsquo;</p>
+<p class="footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e827" href="#xd21e827src" name="xd21e827">15</a></span> (<i>a</i>)
+His hand was wet with a stream of constant giving; (<i>b</i>) the trunk
+was wet with ichor.</p>
+<p class="footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e837" href="#xd21e837src" name="xd21e837">16</a></span> Or, to the
+sun&rsquo;s orb.</p>
+<p class="footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e843" href="#xd21e843src" name="xd21e843">17</a></span>
+Vinat&#257; = (<i>a</i>) mother of Garu&#7693;a; (<i>b</i>) humble.</p>
+<p class="footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e865" href="#xd21e865src" name="xd21e865">18</a></span> Or,
+caste.</p>
+<p class="footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e868" href="#xd21e868src" name="xd21e868">19</a></span> Or, fines
+of gold.</p>
+<p class="footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e871" href="#xd21e871src" name="xd21e871">20</a></span> Or, fickle
+affections.</p>
+<p class="footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e874" href="#xd21e874src" name="xd21e874">21</a></span> Had,
+<i>mada</i> = (<i>a</i>) pride; (<i>b</i>) ichor.</p>
+<p class="footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e887" href="#xd21e887src" name="xd21e887">22</a></span> Or,
+breaking away from virtue.</p>
+<p class="footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e890" href="#xd21e890src" name="xd21e890">23</a></span> Or,
+tribute.</p>
+<p class="footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e901" href="#xd21e901src" name="xd21e901">24</a></span> In autumn,
+the <i>ham&#803;sas</i>, or wild geese, return.</p>
+<p class="footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e909" href="#xd21e909src" name="xd21e909">25</a></span> Or,
+bamboos.</p>
+<p class="footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e913" href="#xd21e913src" name="xd21e913">26</a></span> R&#257;m.
+I. 60.</p>
+<p class="footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e932" href="#xd21e932src" name="xd21e932">27</a></span> He had
+(<i>a</i>) great faults; (<i>b</i>) a long arm.</p>
+<p class="footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e942" href="#xd21e942src" name="xd21e942">28</a></span> Dark.</p>
+<p class="footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e947" href="#xd21e947src" name="xd21e947">29</a></span>
+<i>I.e.</i>, imposed no heavy tribute.</p>
+<p class="footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e978" href="#xd21e978src" name="xd21e978">30</a></span> Or,
+&lsquo;with <i>citr&#257;</i> and <i>&ccedil;rava&#7751;a</i>,&rsquo;
+lunar mansions.</p>
+<p class="footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e987" href="#xd21e987src" name="xd21e987">31</a></span> Or, living
+creatures.</p>
+<p class="footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e990" href="#xd21e990src" name="xd21e990">32</a></span> (<i>a</i>)
+Of lowly birth; (<i>b</i>) not dwelling on earth.</p>
+<p class="footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e999" href="#xd21e999src" name="xd21e999">33</a></span> (<i>a</i>)
+Ca&#7751;&#7693;&#257;la; (<i>b</i>) elephant.</p>
+<p class="footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e1009" href="#xd21e1009src" name="xd21e1009">34</a></span> Or,
+<i>aj&#257;ti</i>, without caste.</p>
+<p class="footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e1015" href="#xd21e1015src" name="xd21e1015">35</a></span>
+<i>Alaka</i> = (<i>a</i>) curls; (<i>b</i>) a city.</p>
+<p class="footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e1031" href="#xd21e1031src" name="xd21e1031">36</a></span> Or,
+whose love would be a reproach.</p>
+<p class="footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e1044" href="#xd21e1044src" name="xd21e1044">37</a></span> A verse
+in the <i>&#257;ry&#257;</i> measure.</p>
+<p class="footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e1136" href="#xd21e1136src" name="xd21e1136">38</a></span> Vipula,
+Acala, and &Ccedil;a&ccedil;a, characters in the
+B&#7771;ihatkath&#257;. Or, broad mountains and hares.</p>
+<p class="footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id="n41.2"
+href="#n41.2src" name="n41.2">39</a></span> <i>Varu&#7751;a</i>, tree;
+<i>v&#257;ru&#7751;a</i>, wine.</p>
+<p class="footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e1151" href="#xd21e1151src" name="xd21e1151">40</a></span> Or,
+with lightning.</p>
+<p class="footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e1154" href="#xd21e1154src" name="xd21e1154">41</a></span>
+Constellations. The moon was supposed to have a deer dwelling in
+it.</p>
+<p class="footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e1160" href="#xd21e1160src" name="xd21e1160">42</a></span>
+(<i>a</i>) The cowries held by the suite; (<i>b</i>) different kinds of
+deer.</p>
+<p class="footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e1169" href="#xd21e1169src" name="xd21e1169">43</a></span>
+(<i>a</i>) Rocky; (<i>b</i>) having &Ccedil;iva.</p>
+<p class="footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e1179" href="#xd21e1179src" name="xd21e1179">44</a></span>
+<i>Ku&ccedil;a</i>: (<i>a</i>) S&#299;t&#257;&rsquo;s son; (<i>b</i>)
+grass. <i>Ni&ccedil;&#257;cara</i>: (<i>a</i>) R&#257;va&#7751;a;
+(<i>b</i>) owls.</p>
+<p class="footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e1202" href="#xd21e1202src" name="xd21e1202">45</a></span>
+(<i>a</i>) Mark of aloes on the brow; (<i>b</i>) tilaka trees and aloe
+trees all bright.</p>
+<p class="footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e1211" href="#xd21e1211src" name="xd21e1211">46</a></span>
+(<i>a</i>) Love; (<i>b</i>) madana trees.</p>
+<p class="footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e1220" href="#xd21e1220src" name="xd21e1220">47</a></span> As an
+amulet.</p>
+<p class="footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e1223" href="#xd21e1223src" name="xd21e1223">48</a></span> Name of
+an ornament.</p>
+<p class="footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e1227" href="#xd21e1227src" name="xd21e1227">49</a></span>
+Wine-cups.</p>
+<p class="footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e1232" href="#xd21e1232src" name="xd21e1232">50</a></span>
+(<i>a</i>) Halls; (<i>b</i>) &ccedil;&#257;l trees.</p>
+<p class="footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e1244" href="#xd21e1244src" name="xd21e1244">51</a></span>
+(<i>a</i>) Clapping of hands; (<i>b</i>) palm-trees.</p>
+<p class="footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e1253" href="#xd21e1253src" name="xd21e1253">52</a></span>
+(<i>a</i>) Arrows; (<i>b</i>) reeds.</p>
+<p class="footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e1266" href="#xd21e1266src" name="xd21e1266">53</a></span>
+(<i>a</i>) Trees; (<i>b</i>) eyes.</p>
+<p class="footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e1275" href="#xd21e1275src" name="xd21e1275">54</a></span>
+(<i>a</i>) As tam&#257;la trees (very dark); (<i>b</i>) with
+tam&#257;la trees.</p>
+<p class="footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e1284" href="#xd21e1284src" name="xd21e1284">55</a></span>
+Vir&#257;&#7789;a, a king who befriended the P&#257;&#7751;&#7693;avas.
+The chief of his army was named K&#299;caka. F. Mbh., Bk. iv., 815.
+<i>K&#299;caka</i> also means &lsquo;bamboo.&rsquo;</p>
+<p class="footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e1290" href="#xd21e1290src" name="xd21e1290">56</a></span> Or, the
+twinkling stars of the Deer constellation, pursued by the Hunter (a
+constellation).</p>
+<p class="footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e1293" href="#xd21e1293src" name="xd21e1293">57</a></span> Bark
+garments, matted locks, and rags of grass.</p>
+<p class="footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e1300" href="#xd21e1300src" name="xd21e1300">58</a></span>
+(<i>a</i>) Seven leaves; (<i>b</i>) a tree.</p>
+<p class="footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e1309" href="#xd21e1309src" name="xd21e1309">59</a></span>
+(<i>a</i>) Of fierce disposition; (<i>b</i>) full of wild beasts.</p>
+<p class="footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e1327" href="#xd21e1327src" name="xd21e1327">60</a></span> The
+sign of a vow.</p>
+<p class="footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e1335" href="#xd21e1335src" name="xd21e1335">61</a></span> Or
+perhaps, &lsquo;not caring for the fascination of the <i>beauty</i> of
+R&#257;va&#7751;a,&rsquo; <i>i.e.</i> his sister. He was loved by
+R&#257;va&#7751;a&rsquo;s sister.</p>
+<p class="footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e1356" href="#xd21e1356src" name="xd21e1356">62</a></span> Does
+this refer to the reflection of the sky in its clear water?</p>
+<p class="footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e1366" href="#xd21e1366src" name="xd21e1366">63</a></span>
+<i>&Ccedil;&#257;lmal&#299;</i> = silk cotton-tree.</p>
+<p class="footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e1374" href="#xd21e1374src" name="xd21e1374">64</a></span> Lit.,
+&lsquo;striving upwards to see.&rsquo;</p>
+<p class="footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e1377" href="#xd21e1377src" name="xd21e1377">65</a></span>
+Indra&rsquo;s wood.</p>
+<p class="footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e1384" href="#xd21e1384src" name="xd21e1384">66</a></span>
+<i>&Ccedil;akuni</i> = (<i>a</i>) bird; (<i>b</i>) name of
+Duryodhana&rsquo;s supporter.</p>
+<p class="footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e1395" href="#xd21e1395src" name="xd21e1395">67</a></span> Or,
+&lsquo;by <i>Vanam&#257;l&#257;</i>,&rsquo; K&#7771;ish&#7751;a&rsquo;s
+chaplet.</p>
+<p class="footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e1426" href="#xd21e1426src" name="xd21e1426">68</a></span>
+<i>T&#257;r&#257;</i> = (<i>a</i>) wife of Sugr&#299;va, the monkey
+king; (<i>b</i>) star.</p>
+<p class="footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e1471" href="#xd21e1471src" name="xd21e1471">69</a></span>
+Mountaineer.</p>
+<p class="footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e1474" href="#xd21e1474src" name="xd21e1474">70</a></span> Arjuna,
+or K&#257;rttav&#299;rya, was captured by R&#257;va&#7751;a when
+sporting in the Nerbuddha, and was killed by Para&ccedil;ur&#257;ma.
+<i>V.</i> Vish&#7751;u Pur&#257;&#7751;a, Bk. iv., ch. 11.</p>
+<p class="footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e1480" href="#xd21e1480src" name="xd21e1480">71</a></span>
+D&#363;sha&#7751;a was one of R&#257;va&#7751;a&rsquo;s generals; Khara
+was R&#257;va&#7751;a&rsquo;s brother, and was slain by R&#257;ma.</p>
+<p class="footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e1483" href="#xd21e1483src" name="xd21e1483">72</a></span>
+<i>Cf.</i> Uttarar&#257;macarita, Act V.</p>
+<p class="footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e1495" href="#xd21e1495src" name="xd21e1495">73</a></span>
+Ekalavya, king of the Nish&#257;das, killed by K&#7771;ish&#7751;a.
+Mbh., I., 132.</p>
+<p class="footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e1507" href="#xd21e1507src" name="xd21e1507">74</a></span> Or,
+curls.</p>
+<p class="footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e1510" href="#xd21e1510src" name="xd21e1510">75</a></span>
+<i>V.</i> Harivam&#803;&ccedil;a, 83.</p>
+<p class="footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e1518" href="#xd21e1518src" name="xd21e1518">76</a></span> Or,
+with clouds.</p>
+<p class="footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e1521" href="#xd21e1521src" name="xd21e1521">77</a></span>
+She-rhinoceros.</p>
+<p class="footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e1524" href="#xd21e1524src" name="xd21e1524">78</a></span> Or,
+rainbows.</p>
+<p class="footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e1528" href="#xd21e1528src" name="xd21e1528">79</a></span>
+<i>Ekacakra</i> = (<i>a</i>) a city possessed by Vaka; (<i>b</i>) one
+army, or one quoit.</p>
+<p class="footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e1541" href="#xd21e1541src" name="xd21e1541">80</a></span>
+<i>N&#257;ga</i> = (<i>a</i>) elephant; (<i>b</i>) snake.</p>
+<p class="footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e1552" href="#xd21e1552src" name="xd21e1552">81</a></span> Or,
+&Ccedil;ikha&#7751;&#7693;i, a son of Drupada, a friend of the
+P&#257;&#7751;&#7693;avas.</p>
+<p class="footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e1555" href="#xd21e1555src" name="xd21e1555">82</a></span> Or,
+mirage.</p>
+<p class="footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e1558" href="#xd21e1558src" name="xd21e1558">83</a></span> Or,
+eager for the M&#257;nasa lake. The Vidy&#257;dhara was a good or evil
+genius attending the gods. <i>V.</i> Kull&#363;ka on Manu, xii.,
+47.</p>
+<p class="footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e1565" href="#xd21e1565src" name="xd21e1565">84</a></span>
+Yojanagandh&#257;, mother of Vy&#257;sa.</p>
+<p class="footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e1568" href="#xd21e1568src" name="xd21e1568">85</a></span> Or,
+&lsquo;bearing the form of Bh&#299;ma.&rsquo; He was Bh&#299;ma&rsquo;s
+son. <i>V.</i> Mbh., I., 155.</p>
+<p class="footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e1574" href="#xd21e1574src" name="xd21e1574">86</a></span>
+(<i>a</i>) Crescent moon of &Ccedil;iva; (<i>b</i>) eyes of
+peacocks&rsquo; tails.</p>
+<p class="footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e1583" href="#xd21e1583src" name="xd21e1583">87</a></span>
+Hira&#7751;yaka&ccedil;ipu. <i>V.</i> Harivam&#803;&ccedil;a, 225.</p>
+<p class="footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e1592" href="#xd21e1592src" name="xd21e1592">88</a></span> Or, an
+ambitious man surrounded by bards (to sing his praises).</p>
+<p class="footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e1596" href="#xd21e1596src" name="xd21e1596">89</a></span> Or,
+loving blood.</p>
+<p class="footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e1599" href="#xd21e1599src" name="xd21e1599">90</a></span>
+<i>Nish&#257;das</i> = (<i>a</i>) mountaineers; (<i>b</i>) the highest
+note of the scale.</p>
+<p class="footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e1610" href="#xd21e1610src" name="xd21e1610">91</a></span>
+(<i>a</i>) Had passed many ages; (<i>b</i>) had killed many birds.</p>
+<p class="footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e1619" href="#xd21e1619src" name="xd21e1619">92</a></span> Or,
+great wealth.</p>
+<p class="footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e1622" href="#xd21e1622src" name="xd21e1622">93</a></span>
+Black.</p>
+<p class="footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e1625" href="#xd21e1625src" name="xd21e1625">94</a></span> Or,
+Durg&#257;.</p>
+<p class="footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e1629" href="#xd21e1629src" name="xd21e1629">95</a></span> Or,
+mountain.</p>
+<p class="footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e1634" href="#xd21e1634src" name="xd21e1634">96</a></span>
+(<i>a</i>) Magnanimity; (<i>b</i>) great strength.</p>
+<p class="footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e1643" href="#xd21e1643src" name="xd21e1643">97</a></span>
+<i>Anabhibhavan&#299;y&#257;&deg;</i>.</p>
+<p class="footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e1653" href="#xd21e1653src" name="xd21e1653">98</a></span>
+(<i>a</i>) Awakening cry; (<i>b</i>) moral law.</p>
+<p class="footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e1663" href="#xd21e1663src" name="xd21e1663">99</a></span> Owls
+are supposed to be descendants of the sage Vi&ccedil;v&#257;mitra.</p>
+<p class="footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e1666" href="#xd21e1666src" name="xd21e1666">100</a></span> As
+omens.</p>
+<p class="footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e1676" href="#xd21e1676src" name="xd21e1676">101</a></span>
+<i>Pi&ccedil;it&#257;&ccedil;na</i>, a demon, or, according to the
+commentary here, a tiger.</p>
+<p class="footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e1684" href="#xd21e1684src" name="xd21e1684">102</a></span> Lit.,
+&lsquo;creating a doubt of.&rsquo;</p>
+<p class="footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e1700" href="#xd21e1700src" name="xd21e1700">103</a></span>
+<i>Cf.</i> Emerson&rsquo;s Essay on <i>Experience</i>: &lsquo;Sleep
+lingers all our life-time about our eyes, as night hovers all day in
+the boughs of the fir-tree.&rsquo;</p>
+<p class="footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e1714" href="#xd21e1714src" name="xd21e1714">104</a></span> Read,
+<i>&Ccedil;ram&#257;</i>.</p>
+<p class="footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e1729" href="#xd21e1729src" name="xd21e1729">105</a></span> Lit.,
+&lsquo;To have been an extract from.&rsquo;</p>
+<p class="footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e1732" href="#xd21e1732src" name="xd21e1732">106</a></span> Sacred
+to Indra, and burnt by Agni with the help of Arjuna and
+K&#7771;ish&#7751;a.</p>
+<p class="footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e1740" href="#xd21e1740src" name="xd21e1740">107</a></span> Three
+horizontal lines.</p>
+<p class="footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e1743" href="#xd21e1743src" name="xd21e1743">108</a></span> Truth
+in thought, word, and deed.</p>
+<p class="footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e1747" href="#xd21e1747src" name="xd21e1747">109</a></span> Read,
+<i>Nishpatat&#257;</i>.</p>
+<p class="footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e1753" href="#xd21e1753src" name="xd21e1753">110</a></span>
+<i>N&#299;lap&#257;n&#7693;u</i>, mottled blue and white. The Hindu
+penance is to be between five fires: four on earth and the sun above.
+<i>V.</i> Manu, vi. 23.</p>
+<p class="footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e1761" href="#xd21e1761src" name="xd21e1761">111</a></span> The
+sign of a vow.</p>
+<p class="footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e1764" href="#xd21e1764src" name="xd21e1764">112</a></span>
+(<i>a</i>) Bark garment; (<i>b</i>) bark of trees.</p>
+<p class="footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e1773" href="#xd21e1773src" name="xd21e1773">113</a></span>
+(<i>a</i>) Girdle. <i>V.</i> Manu, ii. 42; (<i>b</i>) mountain
+slope.</p>
+<p class="footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e1785" href="#xd21e1785src" name="xd21e1785">114</a></span> Or,
+the moon.</p>
+<p class="footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e1792" href="#xd21e1792src" name="xd21e1792">115</a></span> Or,
+with.</p>
+<p class="footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e1795" href="#xd21e1795src" name="xd21e1795">116</a></span>
+(<i>a</i>) <i>K&#7771;ip&#257;</i> = compassion; (<i>b</i>) K&#7771;ipa
+was the teacher of A&ccedil;vatth&#257;ma, or Drau&#7751;i.</p>
+<p class="footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e1807" href="#xd21e1807src" name="xd21e1807">117</a></span> Or,
+Virgo, Cervus, the Pleiads and Draco.</p>
+<p class="footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e1810" href="#xd21e1810src" name="xd21e1810">118</a></span>
+(<i>a</i>) Having twilight drunk up; (<i>b</i>) having many faults
+eradicated.</p>
+<p class="footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e1819" href="#xd21e1819src" name="xd21e1819">119</a></span>
+<i>Rajas</i> = (<i>a</i>) dust; (<i>b</i>) passion.</p>
+<p class="footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e1833" href="#xd21e1833src" name="xd21e1833">120</a></span> In
+performance of a vow. <i>V.</i> Manu, vi. 23.</p>
+<p class="footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e1839" href="#xd21e1839src" name="xd21e1839">121</a></span> Or,
+&lsquo;of the demon Naraka,&rsquo; slain by K&#7771;ish&#7751;a.
+Harivam&#803;&ccedil;a&shy;&shy;, 122.</p>
+<p class="footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e1842" href="#xd21e1842src" name="xd21e1842">122</a></span> Or,
+had stars tawny at the junction of night and day.</p>
+<p class="footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e1845" href="#xd21e1845src" name="xd21e1845">123</a></span> Lit.,
+(<i>a</i>) Holding all his passions in firm restraint; (<i>b</i>)
+having the axle of its wheels firm.</p>
+<p class="footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e1854" href="#xd21e1854src" name="xd21e1854">124</a></span> Lit.,
+(<i>a</i>) He had a body wasted by secret performance of penance;
+(<i>b</i>) he brought to nought the enemies&rsquo; plans of battle by
+secret counsel and by his army.</p>
+<p class="footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e1867" href="#xd21e1867src" name="xd21e1867">125</a></span> Or,
+having caves with whirlpools and the circles of shells oblique.</p>
+<p class="footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e1870" href="#xd21e1870src" name="xd21e1870">126</a></span> Or,
+quays.</p>
+<p class="footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e1873" href="#xd21e1873src" name="xd21e1873">127</a></span>
+(<i>a</i>) Perhaps Pushkara, the place of pilgrimage in Ajmere;
+(<i>b</i>) lotus-grove.</p>
+<p class="footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e1882" href="#xd21e1882src" name="xd21e1882">128</a></span>
+(<i>a</i>) Having entrance into great halls; (<i>b</i>) being absorbed
+in Brahma.</p>
+<p class="footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e1891" href="#xd21e1891src" name="xd21e1891">129</a></span> Or,
+salvation.</p>
+<p class="footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e1895" href="#xd21e1895src" name="xd21e1895">130</a></span> Or,
+inflicted punishment; or, though intent on the S&#257;ma veda, he was
+yet a <i>da&#7751;&#7693;i</i>; <i>i.e.</i>, an ascetic who despises
+ritual.</p>
+<p class="footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e1904" href="#xd21e1904src" name="xd21e1904">131</a></span> Having
+beautiful matted locks.</p>
+<p class="footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e1907" href="#xd21e1907src" name="xd21e1907">132</a></span>
+(<i>a</i>) Having no left eye; (<i>b</i>) having no crooked
+glances.</p>
+<p class="footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e1923" href="#xd21e1923src" name="xd21e1923">133</a></span> R. V.,
+x. 190.</p>
+<p class="footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e1938" href="#xd21e1938src" name="xd21e1938">134</a></span>
+Another kind of bread-tree.</p>
+<p class="footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e1944" href="#xd21e1944src" name="xd21e1944">135</a></span> The
+Commentary explains it as &lsquo;Veda.&rsquo;</p>
+<p class="footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e1951" href="#xd21e1951src" name="xd21e1951">136</a></span> The
+trida&#7751;&#7693;aka or three staves of the mendicant Brahman who has
+resigned the world.</p>
+<p class="footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e1959" href="#xd21e1959src" name="xd21e1959">137</a></span> Or,
+impassioned glances.</p>
+<p class="footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e1966" href="#xd21e1966src" name="xd21e1966">138</a></span>
+(<i>a</i>) Moulting; (<i>b</i>) partisanship.</p>
+<p class="footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e1975" href="#xd21e1975src" name="xd21e1975">139</a></span>
+<i>B&#257;la</i> = (<i>a</i>) hair; (<i>b</i>) children.</p>
+<p class="footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e1987" href="#xd21e1987src" name="xd21e1987">140</a></span>
+<i>R&#257;m&#257;</i>, woman.</p>
+<p class="footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e1992" href="#xd21e1992src" name="xd21e1992">141</a></span>
+<i>&Ccedil;akuni</i> = (<i>a</i>) a bird; (<i>b</i>) Duryodhana&rsquo;s
+uncle.</p>
+<p class="footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e2003" href="#xd21e2003src" name="xd21e2003">142</a></span>
+<i>V&#257;yu</i> = (<i>a</i>) wind; (<i>b</i>) breath.</p>
+<p class="footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e2014" href="#xd21e2014src" name="xd21e2014">143</a></span>
+(<i>a</i>) Teeth; (<i>b</i>) Brahmans.</p>
+<p class="footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e2023" href="#xd21e2023src" name="xd21e2023">144</a></span> Or,
+<span class="corr" id="xd21e2025" title=
+"Source: dulness">dullness</span>.</p>
+<p class="footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e2033" href="#xd21e2033src" name="xd21e2033">145</a></span> Or,
+seeking prosperity.</p>
+<p class="footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e2036" href="#xd21e2036src" name="xd21e2036">146</a></span> Or,
+seek enjoyment.</p>
+<p class="footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e2039" href="#xd21e2039src" name="xd21e2039">147</a></span> Or
+good fortune.</p>
+<p class="footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e2044" href="#xd21e2044src" name="xd21e2044">148</a></span> The
+G&#257;rhapatya, Dakshi&#7751;a, and &#256;havan&#299;ya fires.</p>
+<p class="footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e2058" href="#xd21e2058src" name="xd21e2058">149</a></span>
+Proverbial phrase for clearness.</p>
+<p class="footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e2065" href="#xd21e2065src" name="xd21e2065">150</a></span>
+Vish&#7751;u Pur&#257;&#7751;a, vi., ch. 3, &lsquo;The seven solar rays
+dilate to seven suns, and set the three worlds on fire.&rsquo;</p>
+<p class="footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e2073" href="#xd21e2073src" name="xd21e2073">151</a></span> Lit.,
+&lsquo;is leader of.&rsquo;</p>
+<p class="footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e2076" href="#xd21e2076src" name="xd21e2076">152</a></span> Or,
+caprice.</p>
+<p class="footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e2109" href="#xd21e2109src" name="xd21e2109">153</a></span>
+Vish&#7751;u Pur&#257;&#7751;a, i., 123.</p>
+<p class="footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e2117" href="#xd21e2117src" name="xd21e2117">154</a></span>
+Semi-divine beings dwelling between the earth and the sun.</p>
+<p class="footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e2128" href="#xd21e2128src" name="xd21e2128">155</a></span>
+T&#257;r&#257; = (<i>a</i>) stars; (<i>b</i>) wife of B&#7771;ihaspati,
+carried away by the moon.</p>
+<p class="footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e2137" href="#xd21e2137src" name="xd21e2137">156</a></span>
+(<i>a</i>) &ldquo;Wife of the sage Va&ccedil;ish&#7789;ha; (<i>b</i>)
+the morning star.</p>
+<p class="footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e2146" href="#xd21e2146src" name="xd21e2146">157</a></span>
+(<i>a</i>) Constellation; (<i>b</i>) staff borne during a vow.</p>
+<p class="footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e2155" href="#xd21e2155src" name="xd21e2155">158</a></span>
+(<i>a</i>) Constellation; (<i>b</i>) roots for the hermits&rsquo;
+food.</p>
+<p class="footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e2165" href="#xd21e2165src" name="xd21e2165">159</a></span> Or,
+constellation.</p>
+<p class="footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e2183" href="#xd21e2183src" name="xd21e2183">160</a></span>
+&Ccedil;iva.</p>
+<p class="footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e2194" href="#xd21e2194src" name="xd21e2194">161</a></span>
+Caste.</p>
+<p class="footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e2197" href="#xd21e2197src" name="xd21e2197">162</a></span>
+Friends.</p>
+<p class="footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e2206" href="#xd21e2206src" name="xd21e2206">163</a></span>
+<i>I.e.</i>, king, minister, and energy.</p>
+<p class="footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e2230" href="#xd21e2230src" name="xd21e2230">164</a></span> Or,
+misfortune.</p>
+<p class="footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e2233" href="#xd21e2233src" name="xd21e2233">165</a></span> An
+ordeal.</p>
+<p class="footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e2237" href="#xd21e2237src" name="xd21e2237">166</a></span> An
+ordeal.</p>
+<p class="footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e2240" href="#xd21e2240src" name="xd21e2240">167</a></span>
+(<i>a</i>) Clearing of the waters after the rainy season; (<i>b</i>)
+ordeal of poison.</p>
+<p class="footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e2249" href="#xd21e2249src" name="xd21e2249">168</a></span>
+(<i>a</i>) Magic; (<i>b</i>) practice of Yoga.</p>
+<p class="footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e2261" href="#xd21e2261src" name="xd21e2261">169</a></span>
+(<i>a</i>) Lit., &lsquo;tearing out of eyes;&rsquo; (<i>b</i>)
+slaughter of the demon T&#257;raka by K&#257;rtikeya.</p>
+<p class="footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e2270" href="#xd21e2270src" name="xd21e2270">170</a></span> A star
+in the Scorpion&rsquo;s tail.</p>
+<p class="footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e2274" href="#xd21e2274src" name="xd21e2274">171</a></span>
+Seizing of tribute.</p>
+<p class="footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e2281" href="#xd21e2281src" name="xd21e2281">172</a></span> Or,
+having his body united. <i>V.</i> Dowson, &lsquo;Classical
+Dictionary.&rsquo;</p>
+<p class="footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e2290" href="#xd21e2290src" name="xd21e2290">173</a></span> Having
+fortresses subdued.</p>
+<p class="footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e2293" href="#xd21e2293src" name="xd21e2293">174</a></span> These
+are teachers of the gods and heroes.</p>
+<p class="footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e2316" href="#xd21e2316src" name="xd21e2316">175</a></span>
+Vish&#7751;u.</p>
+<p class="footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e2321" href="#xd21e2321src" name="xd21e2321">176</a></span> Lit.,
+&lsquo;firm.&rsquo;</p>
+<p class="footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e2338" href="#xd21e2338src" name="xd21e2338">177</a></span>
+(<i>a</i>) The gods; (<i>b</i>) love.</p>
+<p class="footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e2357" href="#xd21e2357src" name="xd21e2357">178</a></span> Four
+was the number of the oceans and of the arms of
+N&#257;r&#257;ya&#7751;a.</p>
+<p class="footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e2379" href="#xd21e2379src" name="xd21e2379">179</a></span> The
+divine mothers, or personified energies of the chief deities.</p>
+<p class="footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e2392" href="#xd21e2392src" name="xd21e2392">180</a></span> Wife
+of &Ccedil;ukan&#257;sa.</p>
+<p class="footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e2422" href="#xd21e2422src" name="xd21e2422">181</a></span>
+Summary of pp. 141&ndash;155.</p>
+<p class="footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e2496" href="#xd21e2496src" name="xd21e2496">182</a></span> Or,
+Ananga, name of K&#257;ma.</p>
+<p class="footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e2501" href="#xd21e2501src" name="xd21e2501">183</a></span> Since
+he can only give it the name, not the substance or meaning.
+<i>Kum&#257;ra</i> = (<i>a</i>) name of K&#257;rtikeya; (<i>b</i>)
+prince.</p>
+<p class="footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e2538" href="#xd21e2538src" name="xd21e2538">184</a></span>
+K&#257;ma.</p>
+<p class="footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e2556" href="#xd21e2556src" name="xd21e2556">185</a></span>
+Summary of pp. 176&ndash;189.</p>
+<p class="footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e2566" href="#xd21e2566src" name="xd21e2566">186</a></span> Lit.,
+&lsquo;sew him to himself.&rsquo;</p>
+<p class="footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e2572" href="#xd21e2572src" name="xd21e2572">187</a></span>
+Summary of pp. 190, 191.</p>
+<p class="footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e2586" href="#xd21e2586src" name="xd21e2586">188</a></span>
+Summary of p. 193.</p>
+<p class="footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e2613" href="#xd21e2613src" name="xd21e2613">189</a></span>
+&Ccedil;arabha, a fabulous animal supposed to have eight legs, and to
+dwell in the snowy mountains.</p>
+<p class="footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e2658" href="#xd21e2658src" name="xd21e2658">190</a></span>
+(<i>a</i>) Many sins; (<i>b</i>) twilight.</p>
+<p class="footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e2679" href="#xd21e2679src" name="xd21e2679">191</a></span> Lit.,
+(<i>a</i>) climbs trees; (<i>b</i>) protects parasites.</p>
+<p class="footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e2691" href="#xd21e2691src" name="xd21e2691">192</a></span>
+(<i>a</i>) Showing the elevation of many men; (<i>b</i>) rising in
+stature to the height of many men.</p>
+<p class="footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e2703" href="#xd21e2703src" name="xd21e2703">193</a></span> Or,
+arrogance.</p>
+<p class="footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e2706" href="#xd21e2706src" name="xd21e2706">194</a></span> Or,
+stupidity.</p>
+<p class="footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e2709" href="#xd21e2709src" name="xd21e2709">195</a></span> Or,
+wealth.</p>
+<p class="footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e2712" href="#xd21e2712src" name="xd21e2712">196</a></span> Or,
+ill-fortune.</p>
+<p class="footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e2716" href="#xd21e2716src" name="xd21e2716">197</a></span>
+<i>Balam</i> = (<i>a</i>) strength; (<i>b</i>) army.
+<i>Laghum&#257;</i> = (<i>a</i>) lightness; (<i>b</i>) triviality.</p>
+<p class="footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e2736" href="#xd21e2736src" name="xd21e2736">198</a></span>
+<i>Vigrahavat&#299;</i> = (<i>a</i>) having a body; (<i>b</i>) full of
+strife.</p>
+<p class="footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e2747" href="#xd21e2747src" name="xd21e2747">199</a></span>
+Purushottama, <i>i.e.</i>, Vish&#7751;u.</p>
+<p class="footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e2756" href="#xd21e2756src" name="xd21e2756">200</a></span> The
+rainy season sends away the <i>ham&#803;sas</i>.</p>
+<p class="footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e2776" href="#xd21e2776src" name="xd21e2776">201</a></span> Lit.,
+their limbs fail them.</p>
+<p class="footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e2779" href="#xd21e2779src" name="xd21e2779">202</a></span> Which
+have a strong scent.</p>
+<p class="footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e2782" href="#xd21e2782src" name="xd21e2782">203</a></span> Men
+having throbbing eyes.</p>
+<p class="footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e2786" href="#xd21e2786src" name="xd21e2786">204</a></span>
+(<i>a</i>) A noble man; (<i>b</i>) fire.</p>
+<p class="footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e2795" href="#xd21e2795src" name="xd21e2795">205</a></span> Or,
+drink.</p>
+<p class="footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e2801" href="#xd21e2801src" name="xd21e2801">206</a></span> Or,
+taxes.</p>
+<p class="footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e2814" href="#xd21e2814src" name="xd21e2814">207</a></span> Like
+Vish&#7751;u.</p>
+<p class="footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e2817" href="#xd21e2817src" name="xd21e2817">208</a></span> Like
+&Ccedil;iva.</p>
+<p class="footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e2853" href="#xd21e2853src" name="xd21e2853">209</a></span> Lit.,
+&lsquo;inlaid.&rsquo;</p>
+<p class="footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e2860" href="#xd21e2860src" name="xd21e2860">210</a></span> Or,
+kesara flowers.</p>
+<p class="footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e2868" href="#xd21e2868src" name="xd21e2868">211</a></span>
+<i>Recaka</i>, so commentary.</p>
+<p class="footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e2880" href="#xd21e2880src" name="xd21e2880">212</a></span> Both
+trees of paradise.</p>
+<p class="footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e2896" href="#xd21e2896src" name="xd21e2896">213</a></span> The
+quarter of &Ccedil;atakratu or Indra.</p>
+<p class="footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e2987" href="#xd21e2987src" name="xd21e2987">214</a></span> All
+auspicious signs. <i>Cakra</i> is (<i>a</i>) a quoit; (<i>b</i>) a
+cakrav&#257;ka.</p>
+<p class="footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e2999" href="#xd21e2999src" name="xd21e2999">215</a></span>
+(<i>a</i>) A demon; (<i>b</i>) the heron.</p>
+<p class="footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e3028" href="#xd21e3028src" name="xd21e3028">216</a></span> For
+the love of snakes for the breeze, <i>V.</i> Raghuvam&#803;&ccedil;a,
+XIII., 12, and Buddhacarita, I., 44. Snakes are sometimes called
+<i>v&#257;yubaksha</i>.</p>
+<p class="footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e3043" href="#xd21e3043src" name="xd21e3043">217</a></span> The
+following reference to Thomas Bell&rsquo;s &lsquo;History of British
+Quadrupeds&rsquo; was given by Mr. S. B. Charlesworth. &lsquo;Writing
+about the deer of our parks (p. 404) he (Bell) quotes Playford&rsquo;s
+&ldquo;Introduction to Music&rdquo; as follows: &ldquo;Travelling some
+years since, I met on the road near Royston a herd of about twenty deer
+following a bagpipe and violin, which while the music played went
+forward. When it ceased they all stood still, and in this manner they
+were brought out of Yorkshire to Hampton Court.<span class="corr" id=
+"xd21e3045" title="Source: &rsquo;&rdquo;">&rdquo;&rsquo;</span> <i>V.
+supra</i>, pp. 40, 79.</p>
+<p class="footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e3075" href="#xd21e3075src" name="xd21e3075">218</a></span>
+Meghad&#363;ta, 38.</p>
+<p class="footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e3083" href="#xd21e3083src" name="xd21e3083">219</a></span> The
+<i>dv&#299;pas</i> are continents separated from each other by oceans.
+The <i>&Ccedil;vetadv&#299;pa</i>, or White Continent, is, according to
+Weber, suggested by Alexandria. V. &lsquo;<span lang="de">Indische
+Studien</span>,&rsquo; I., 400; II., 397, 398.</p>
+<p class="footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e3156" href="#xd21e3156src" name="xd21e3156">220</a></span>
+<i>Dvandva</i>, a pair of opposites, as, <i>e.g.</i>, pleasure and
+pain.</p>
+<p class="footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e3176" href="#xd21e3176src" name="xd21e3176">221</a></span>
+(<i>a</i>) Brilliant; (<i>b</i>) Durg&#257;.</p>
+<p class="footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e3193" href="#xd21e3193src" name="xd21e3193">222</a></span>
+Summary of p. 277.</p>
+<p class="footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e3209" href="#xd21e3209src" name="xd21e3209">223</a></span> The
+Commentary says: &lsquo;A house is whitened to welcome anyone. The face
+(or mouth) is the dwelling of Sarasvat&#299;.&rsquo;</p>
+<p class="footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e3218" href="#xd21e3218src" name="xd21e3218">224</a></span>
+Mand&#257;ra, one of the trees of Paradise.</p>
+<p class="footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e3221" href="#xd21e3221src" name="xd21e3221">225</a></span> The
+month June&ndash;July.</p>
+<p class="footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e3224" href="#xd21e3224src" name="xd21e3224">226</a></span>
+Staff.</p>
+<p class="footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e3227" href="#xd21e3227src" name="xd21e3227">227</a></span>
+(<i>a</i>) A tilaka, or mark of ashes; (<i>b</i>) abundance of tilaka
+trees white with blossoms.</p>
+<p class="footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e3241" href="#xd21e3241src" name="xd21e3241">228</a></span> Read
+Kau&ccedil;alasya.</p>
+<p class="footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e3247" href="#xd21e3247src" name="xd21e3247">229</a></span>
+<i>Cf.</i> &lsquo;<span lang="la">Dulce rudimentum meditantis lilia
+quondam natur&aelig;, cum sese opera ad majora
+pararet.</span>&rsquo;&mdash;Rapin, on the convolvulus. <i>V.</i>
+Hallam, &lsquo;Hist. of Lit.,&rsquo; Pt. iv., ch. v.</p>
+<p class="footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e3261" href="#xd21e3261src" name="xd21e3261">230</a></span>
+Vish&#7751;u Pur&#257;&#7751;a, Wilson, 1865, vol. ii., p. 297.</p>
+<p class="footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e3296" href="#xd21e3296src" name="xd21e3296">231</a></span> Son of
+Kuvera.</p>
+<p class="footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e3304" href="#xd21e3304src" name="xd21e3304">232</a></span> The
+coral tree.</p>
+<p class="footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e3319" href="#xd21e3319src" name="xd21e3319">233</a></span> Or,
+virtue.</p>
+<p class="footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e3363" href="#xd21e3363src" name="xd21e3363">234</a></span>
+&lsquo;In the &#257;ry&#257; metre,&rsquo; in the Sanskrit.</p>
+<p class="footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e3371" href="#xd21e3371src" name="xd21e3371">235</a></span>
+<i>M&#257;nasijanm&#257;</i> = (<i>a</i>) born in the M&#257;nasa lake;
+(<i>b</i>) born in the mind, <i>i.e.</i>, love.
+<i>Mukt&#257;lat&#257;</i> = (<i>a</i>) a white creeper; (<i>b</i>) a
+pearl necklace.</p>
+<p class="footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e3443" href="#xd21e3443src" name="xd21e3443">236</a></span>
+<i>Scilicet</i>, in the day.</p>
+<p class="footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e3448" href="#xd21e3448src" name="xd21e3448">237</a></span> Turbid
+with (<i>a</i>) dust; (<i>b</i>) passion.</p>
+<p class="footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e3468" href="#xd21e3468src" name="xd21e3468">238</a></span> The
+Vish&#7751;u Pur&#257;&#7751;a, Bk. vi., ch. iii., mentions seven
+suns.</p>
+<p class="footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e3503" href="#xd21e3503src" name="xd21e3503">239</a></span> The
+asterism Rohi&#7751;&#299;.</p>
+<p class="footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e3513" href="#xd21e3513src" name="xd21e3513">240</a></span>
+<i>Utkalik&#257;</i> = (<i>a</i>) wave; (<i>b</i>) longing.</p>
+<p class="footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e3541" href="#xd21e3541src" name="xd21e3541">241</a></span> Or,
+hand.</p>
+<p class="footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e3547" href="#xd21e3547src" name="xd21e3547">242</a></span>
+Hands.</p>
+<p class="footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e3553" href="#xd21e3553src" name="xd21e3553">243</a></span>
+Feet.</p>
+<p class="footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e3556" href="#xd21e3556src" name="xd21e3556">244</a></span>
+Hands.</p>
+<p class="footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e3564" href="#xd21e3564src" name="xd21e3564">245</a></span>
+<i>Candraca&#7751;&#7693;&#257;la</i> (lit., &lsquo;base-born
+moon&rsquo;) is intended as an assonance.</p>
+<p class="footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e3583" href="#xd21e3583src" name="xd21e3583">246</a></span>
+<i>P&#363;r&#7751;ap&#257;tra</i>, a basket of gifts to be scrambled
+for at a wedding.</p>
+<p class="footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e3588" href="#xd21e3588src" name="xd21e3588">247</a></span>
+<i>I.e.</i>, the row of pearls given by Mah&#257;&ccedil;vet&#257;.</p>
+<p class="footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e3616" href="#xd21e3616src" name="xd21e3616">248</a></span> Omit,
+<i>priyajanavi&ccedil;v&#257;savacan&#257;ni</i>.</p>
+<p class="footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e3625" href="#xd21e3625src" name="xd21e3625">249</a></span> Read,
+<i>parityakt&#257;</i>.</p>
+<p class="footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e3633" href="#xd21e3633src" name="xd21e3633">250</a></span> Read,
+<i lang="sa-latn">antare</i>.</p>
+<p class="footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e3646" href="#xd21e3646src" name="xd21e3646">251</a></span>
+<i>Go&ccedil;&#299;rsha</i>, a kind of fragrant sandal.</p>
+<p class="footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e3666" href="#xd21e3666src" name="xd21e3666">252</a></span>
+<i>V.</i> Vish&#7751;u Pur&#257;&#7751;a, Bk. i., ch. iii. (For the
+description of Brahm&#257;&rsquo;s night.)</p>
+<p class="footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e3700" href="#xd21e3700src" name="xd21e3700">253</a></span></p>
+<div class="q">
+<div class="body">
+<div class="lgouter footnote">
+<p class="line">Tatah&#803; Saindhavako r&#257;j&#257; kshudras,
+t&#257;ta, Jayadrathah&#803;,</p>
+<p class="line">Varad&#257;nena Rudrasya sarv&#257;n nah&#803;
+samav&#257;rayat.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+</div>
+<p class="footnote">(&lsquo;Then the vile Sindh kinglet, Jayadratha,
+through the boon conferred by Rudra, O my son, kept us all
+back.&rsquo;)&mdash;Mah&#257;bh&#257;rata, vii., 2574.</p>
+<p class="footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e3723" href="#xd21e3723src" name="xd21e3723">254</a></span>
+Harivam&#803;&ccedil;a, 4906.</p>
+<p class="footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e3736" href="#xd21e3736src" name="xd21e3736">255</a></span> The
+<i>cakora</i>, or Greek partridge, was said to have its eyes turned red
+in the presence of poison.</p>
+<p class="footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e3747" href="#xd21e3747src" name="xd21e3747">256</a></span>
+<i>Madir&#257;</i>, intoxicating, bewitching; so called because her
+eyes were <i>madir&#257;h&#803;</i>.</p>
+<p class="footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e3766" href="#xd21e3766src" name="xd21e3766">257</a></span> Daksha
+cursed the moon with consumption at the appeal of his forty-nine
+daughters, the moon&rsquo;s wives, who complained of his special favour
+to the fiftieth sister.</p>
+<p class="footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e3793" href="#xd21e3793src" name="xd21e3793">258</a></span> Lit.,
+&lsquo;without cause.&rsquo;</p>
+<p class="footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e3812" href="#xd21e3812src" name="xd21e3812">259</a></span> Lit.,
+&lsquo;going by machinery.&rsquo;</p>
+<p class="footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e3822" href="#xd21e3822src" name="xd21e3822">260</a></span> Trees
+of paradise.</p>
+<p class="footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e3854" href="#xd21e3854src" name="xd21e3854">261</a></span> A pun
+on <i>p&#299;&#7693;&#257;</i>, grief.</p>
+<p class="footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e3860" href="#xd21e3860src" name="xd21e3860">262</a></span> A pun
+on <i>p&#299;&#7693;&#257;</i>, a chaplet.</p>
+<p class="footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e3887" href="#xd21e3887src" name="xd21e3887">263</a></span> Read
+<i>&#299;rshy&#257;m&#803;</i>, <i>vyath&#257;m&#803;</i>, and
+<i>rosham&#803;</i>, as the Calcutta edition.</p>
+<p class="footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e3912" href="#xd21e3912src" name="xd21e3912">264</a></span>
+&lsquo;All the <i>rasas</i>,&rsquo; the ten emotions of love, fear,
+etc., enumerated by writers on rhetoric.</p>
+<p class="footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e3919" href="#xd21e3919src" name="xd21e3919">265</a></span>
+Because water was poured out to ratify a gift.</p>
+<p class="footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e3932" href="#xd21e3932src" name="xd21e3932">266</a></span>
+<i>Bh&#257;shit&#257;</i>, literally, &lsquo;addressed by&rsquo;; or
+read, <i>bh&#257;vit&#257;</i>, &lsquo;entering into the spirit
+of.&rsquo;</p>
+<p class="footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e3964" href="#xd21e3964src" name="xd21e3964">267</a></span> Read
+<i>nird&#257;kshi&#7751;yay&#257;</i>.</p>
+<p class="footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e3992" href="#xd21e3992src" name="xd21e3992">268</a></span> A
+bundle of peacock feathers waved by the conjuror to bewilder the
+audience.</p>
+<p class="footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e3997" href="#xd21e3997src" name="xd21e3997">269</a></span> The
+dark blue of the bees was like the blue veil worn by women going to
+meet their lovers.</p>
+<p class="footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e4013" href="#xd21e4013src" name="xd21e4013">270</a></span> This
+passage is condensed.</p>
+<p class="footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e4021" href="#xd21e4021src" name="xd21e4021">271</a></span> Read
+<i>musho</i>.</p>
+<p class="footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e4036" href="#xd21e4036src" name="xd21e4036">272</a></span>
+<i>I.e.</i>, &lsquo;relic,&rsquo; or &lsquo;remaining.&rsquo;</p>
+<p class="footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e4044" href="#xd21e4044src" name="xd21e4044">273</a></span> Read
+<i>Mah&#257;&ccedil;vet&#257;m&#803;</i>.</p>
+<p class="footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e4052" href="#xd21e4052src" name="xd21e4052">274</a></span>
+<i>Cf.</i> &lsquo;Harsha Carita&rsquo; (Bombay edition, p. 272),
+&lsquo;Parame&ccedil;varottam&#257;ngap&#257;tadurlalit&#257;ng&#257;m<span class="corr"
+id="xd21e4056" title="Not in source">&rsquo;</span>.</p>
+<p class="footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e4071" href="#xd21e4071src" name="xd21e4071">275</a></span> Read
+<i>Kumudamayy&#257;</i>.</p>
+<p class="footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e4082" href="#xd21e4082src" name="xd21e4082">276</a></span> A tree
+of paradise.</p>
+<p class="footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e4097" href="#xd21e4097src" name="xd21e4097">277</a></span>
+<i>T&#257;l&#299;</i>, a kind of palm; <i>Kandala</i>, a plantain.</p>
+<p class="footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e4105" href="#xd21e4105src" name="xd21e4105">278</a></span> Or,
+reading <i lang="sa-latn">avirala</i>, thick coming.</p>
+<p class="footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e4113" href="#xd21e4113src" name="xd21e4113">279</a></span> The
+Vish&#7751;u Pur&#257;&#7751;a, Bk. ii., ch. ii., calls Mandara the
+Mountain of the East; Gandham&#257;dana, of the South; Vipula, of the
+West; and Sup&#257;r&ccedil;va, of the North.</p>
+<p class="footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e4120" href="#xd21e4120src" name="xd21e4120">280</a></span> Father
+of Kuvera.</p>
+<p class="footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e4123" href="#xd21e4123src" name="xd21e4123">281</a></span>
+Brahm&#257;.</p>
+<p class="footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e4160" href="#xd21e4160src" name="xd21e4160">282</a></span> A
+phrase denoting readiness to obey. <i>V. supra</i>, p. 15.</p>
+<p class="footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e4194" href="#xd21e4194src" name="xd21e4194">283</a></span>
+Pouring water into the hand was the confirmation of a gift. <i>V.
+supra</i>, p. 150.</p>
+<p class="footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e4209" href="#xd21e4209src" name="xd21e4209">284</a></span>
+Transpose <i>iti</i>.</p>
+<p class="footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e4215" href="#xd21e4215src" name="xd21e4215">285</a></span>
+<i lang="la-x-bio">Hybiscus mutabilis</i> changes colour thrice a
+day.</p>
+<p class="footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e4243" href="#xd21e4243src" name="xd21e4243">286</a></span> Or, at
+a wrong time.</p>
+<p class="footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e4249" href="#xd21e4249src" name="xd21e4249">287</a></span> Remove
+the stop after <i>asy&#257;h&#803;</i> and
+<i>Candr&#257;p&#299;&#7693;ah&#803;</i>, and place one after
+<i>gantum</i>.</p>
+<p class="footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e4262" href="#xd21e4262src" name="xd21e4262">288</a></span>
+&lsquo;It is not allowed by her favour to move.&rsquo;</p>
+<p class="footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e4267" href="#xd21e4267src" name="xd21e4267">289</a></span> Read
+<i>suh&#7771;id&#257;pi gantavyam</i>, &lsquo;his friend must
+go.&rsquo;</p>
+<p class="footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e4283" href="#xd21e4283src" name="xd21e4283">290</a></span> Or,
+<i>sampanna</i>, &lsquo;full-grown, having fruit and flowers,&rsquo;
+according to the commentary.</p>
+<p class="footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e4291" href="#xd21e4291src" name="xd21e4291">291</a></span> Read
+<i>khinne</i>.</p>
+<p class="footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e4298" href="#xd21e4298src" name="xd21e4298">292</a></span> Read
+<i>pras&#257;d&#257;n&#257;m</i>.</p>
+<p class="footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e4307" href="#xd21e4307src" name="xd21e4307">293</a></span> Read
+<i>&deg;jan&#257;t</i>, etc.</p>
+<p class="footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e4315" href="#xd21e4315src" name="xd21e4315">294</a></span> <i>V.
+supra</i>, p. 12, where the robes of the chiefs are torn by their
+ornaments in their hasty movements.</p>
+<p class="footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e4324" href="#xd21e4324src" name="xd21e4324">295</a></span>
+<i>Parava&ccedil;a iva</i>, or, &lsquo;with mind enslaved to other
+thoughts.&rsquo;</p>
+<p class="footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e4336" href="#xd21e4336src" name="xd21e4336">296</a></span> Read
+<i>gar&#299;gas&#299;</i>.</p>
+<p class="footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e4345" href="#xd21e4345src" name="xd21e4345">297</a></span> The
+Jamun&#257; is a common comparison for blue or green.</p>
+<p class="footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e4356" href="#xd21e4356src" name="xd21e4356">298</a></span>
+Placing a stop after <i>gaditum</i> instead of after
+<i>nih&#803;&ccedil;esham</i>.</p>
+<p class="footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e4385" href="#xd21e4385src" name="xd21e4385">299</a></span> An
+allusion to the idea that the a&ccedil;oka would bud when touched by
+the foot of a beautiful woman.</p>
+<p class="footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e4417" href="#xd21e4417src" name="xd21e4417">300</a></span>
+<i>Anubandha</i>, one of the four necessary conditions in writing.
+(<i>a</i>) Subject-matter; (<i>b</i>) purpose; (<i>c</i>) relation
+between subject treated and its end; (<i>d</i>) competent person to
+hear it.&mdash; <i>V.</i> &lsquo;Ved&#257;nta S&#257;ra.,&rsquo; p.
+2&ndash;4; &lsquo;V&#257;caspatya Dictionary.&rsquo;</p>
+<p class="footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e4440" href="#xd21e4440src" name="xd21e4440">301</a></span>
+&lsquo;Manu,&rsquo; ix., 90.</p>
+<p class="footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e4447" href="#xd21e4447src" name="xd21e4447">302</a></span>
+<i>I.e.</i>, the down on the body rises from joy (a common idea in
+Sanskrit writers), and holds the robe on its points.</p>
+<p class="footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e4455" href="#xd21e4455src" name="xd21e4455">303</a></span> Read,
+<i>Sam&#803;di&ccedil;ant&#299;</i>, and place the stop after
+<i>svayam&#803;</i> instead of after
+<i>sam&#803;di&ccedil;ant&#299;</i>.</p>
+<p class="footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e4467" href="#xd21e4467src" name="xd21e4467">304</a></span>
+<i>I.e.</i>, awake a sleeping lion.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="div1 part">
+<div class="divHead">
+<h2 class="main">PART II.</h2>
+</div>
+<div class="divBody">
+<p class="first">(<span>441</span>) I hail, for the completion of the
+difficult toil of this unfinished tale, Um&#257; and &Ccedil;iva,
+parents of earth, whose single body, formed from the union of two
+halves, shows neither point of union nor division.</p>
+<p>(<span>442</span>) I salute N&#257;r&#257;ya&#7751;a, creator of
+all, by whom the man-lion form was manifested happily, showing a face
+terrible with its tossing mane, and displaying in his hand quoit,
+sword, club and conch.</p>
+<p>I do homage to my father, that lord of speech, the creator by whom
+that story was made that none else could fashion, that noble man whom
+all honour in every house, and from whom I, in reward of a former life,
+received my being.</p>
+<p>(<span>443</span>) When my father rose to the sky, on earth the
+stream of the story failed with his voice. And I, as I saw its
+unfinished state was a grief to the good, began it, but from no poetic
+pride.</p>
+<p>For that the words flow with such beauty is my father&rsquo;s
+special gift; a single touch of the ray of the moon, the one source of
+nectar, suffices to melt the moonstone.</p>
+<p>As other rivers at their full enter the Ganges, and by being
+absorbed in it reach the ocean, so my speech is cast by me for the
+completion of this story on the ocean-flowing stream of my
+father&rsquo;s eloquence.</p>
+<p>Reeling under the strong sweetness of K&#257;dambar&#299;<a class=
+"noteref" id="xd21e4500src" href="#xd21e4500" name="xd21e4500src">1</a>
+as one intoxicated, I am bereft of sense, in that I fear not to
+<span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb183" href="#pb183" name=
+"pb183">183</a>]</span>compose an ending in my own speech devoid of
+sweetness and colour.</p>
+<p>(<span>444</span>) The seeds that promise fruit and are destined to
+flower are forced by the sower with fitting toils; scattered in good
+ground, they grow to ripeness; but it is the sower&rsquo;s son who
+gathers them.<a class="noteref" id="xd21e4510src" href="#xd21e4510"
+name="xd21e4510src">2</a></p>
+<hr class="tb">
+<p>&lsquo;&ldquo;Moreover,&rdquo; K&#257;dambar&#299; continued,
+&ldquo;if the prince were brought shame itself, put to shame by my
+weakness, would not allow a sight of him. (<span>446</span>) Fear
+itself, frightened at the crime of bringing him by force, would not
+enter his presence. Then all would be over if my friend Patralekh&#257;
+did her utmost from love to me, and yet could not induce him to come,
+even by falling at his feet, either perchance from his respect for his
+parents, or devotion to royal duty, or love of his native land, or
+reluctance towards me. Nay, more. (<span>448</span>) I am that
+K&#257;dambar&#299; whom he saw resting on a couch of flowers in the
+winter palace, and he is that Candr&#257;p&#299;&#7693;a, all ignorant
+of another&rsquo;s pain, who stayed but two days, and then departed. I
+had promised Mah&#257;&ccedil;vet&#257; not to marry while she was in
+trouble, though she besought me not to promise, saying, that K&#257;ma
+often takes our life by love even for one unseen. (<span>449</span>)
+But this is not my case. For the prince, imaged by fancy, ever presents
+himself to my sight, and, sleeping or waking, in every place I behold
+him. Therefore talk not of bringing him.&rdquo;</p>
+<p>&lsquo;(<span>450</span>) Thereupon I<a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e4531src" href="#xd21e4531" name="xd21e4531src">3</a> reflected,
+&ldquo;Truly the beloved, as shaped in the imagination, is a great
+support to women separated from their loves, especially to maidens of
+noble birth.&rdquo; (<span>451</span>) And I promised
+K&#257;dambar&#299; that I would bring thee, O Prince.
+(<span>452</span>) Then she, roused by my speech full of thy name, as
+by a charm to remove poison, suddenly opened her eyes, and said,
+&ldquo;I say not that thy <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb184" href=
+"#pb184" name="pb184">184</a>]</span>going pleases me, Patralekh&#257;.
+(<span>453</span>) It is only when I see thee that I can endure my
+life; yet if this desire possess thee, do what thou wilt!&rdquo; So
+saying, she dismissed me with many presents.</p>
+<p>&lsquo;Then with slightly downcast face Patralekh&#257; continued:
+&ldquo;The recent kindness of the princess has given me courage, my
+prince, and I am grieved for her, and so I say to thee, &lsquo;Didst
+thou act worthily of thy tender nature in leaving her in this
+state?&rsquo;&rdquo;</p>
+<p>&lsquo;Thus reproached by Patralekh&#257;, and hearing the words of
+K&#257;dambar&#299;, so full of conflicting impulses, the prince became
+confused; (<span>454</span>) and sharing in K&#257;dambar&#299;&rsquo;s
+feeling, he asked Patralekh&#257; with tears, &ldquo;What am I to do?
+Love has made me a cause of sorrow to K&#257;dambar&#299;, and of
+reproach to thee. (<span>455</span>) And methinks this was some curse
+that darkened my mind; else how was my mind deceived when clear signs
+were given, which would create no doubt even in a dull mind? All this
+my fault has arisen from a mistake. I will therefore now, by devoting
+myself to her, even with my life, act so that the princess may know me
+not to be of so hard a heart.&rdquo;</p>
+<p>&lsquo;(<span>456</span>) While he thus spoke a portress hastened in
+and said: &ldquo;Prince, Queen Vil&#257;savat&#299; sends a message
+saying, &lsquo;I hear from the talk of my attendants that
+Patralekh&#257;, who had stayed behind, has now returned. And I love
+her equally with thyself. Do thou therefore come, and bring her with
+thee. The sight of thy lotus face, won by a thousand longings, is
+rarely given.&rsquo;&rdquo;</p>
+<p>&lsquo;&ldquo;How my life now is tossed with doubts!&rdquo; thought
+the prince. &ldquo;My mother is sorrowful if even for a moment she sees
+me not. (<span>457</span>) My subjects love me; but the Gandharva
+princess loves me more. Princess K&#257;dambar&#299; is worthy of my
+winning, and my mind is impatient of delay;&rdquo; so thinking, he went
+to the queen, and spent the day in a longing of heart hard to bear;
+(<span>458</span>) while the night he spent thinking of the beauty of
+K&#257;dambar&#299;, which was as a shrine of love.</p>
+<p>&lsquo;(<span>459</span>) Thenceforth pleasant talk found no
+entrance into <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb185" href="#pb185" name=
+"pb185">185</a>]</span>him. His friends&rsquo; words seemed harsh to
+him; the conversation of his kinsmen gave him no delight.
+(<span>460</span>) His body was dried up by love&rsquo;s fire, but he
+did not yield up the tenderness of his heart. (<span>461</span>) He
+despised happiness, but not self-control.</p>
+<p>&lsquo;While he was thus drawn forward by strong love, which had its
+life resting on the goodness and beauty of K&#257;dambar&#299;, and
+held backwards by his very deep affection for his parents, he beheld
+one day, when wandering on the banks of the Sipr&#257;, a troop of
+horse approaching. (<span>462</span>) He sent a man to inquire what
+this might be, and himself crossing the Sipr&#257; where the water rose
+but to his thigh, he awaited his messenger&rsquo;s return in a shrine
+of K&#257;rtikeya. Drawing Patralekh&#257; to him, he said,
+&ldquo;Look! that horse-man whose face can scarce be descried is
+Key&#363;raka!&rdquo;</p>
+<p>&lsquo;(<span>463</span>) He then beheld Key&#363;raka throw himself
+from his horse while yet far off, gray with dust from swift riding,
+while by his changed appearance, his lack of adornment, his despondent
+face, and his eyes that heralded his inward grief, he announced, even
+without words, the evil plight of K&#257;dambar&#299;.
+Candr&#257;p&#299;&#7693;a lovingly called him as he hastily bowed and
+drew near, and embraced him. And when he had drawn back and paid his
+homage, the prince, having gratified his followers by courteous
+inquiries, looked at him eagerly, and said, &ldquo;By the sight of
+thee, Key&#363;raka, the well-being of the lady K&#257;dambar&#299; and
+her attendants is proclaimed. When thou art rested and at ease, thou
+shalt tell me the cause of thy coming;&rdquo; and he took Key&#363;raka
+and Patralekh&#257; home with him on his elephant. (<span>464</span>)
+Then he dismissed his followers, and only accompanied by
+Patralekh&#257;, he called Key&#363;raka to him, and said: &ldquo;Tell
+me the message of K&#257;dambar&#299;, Madalekh&#257; and
+Mah&#257;&ccedil;vet&#257;.&rdquo;</p>
+<p>&lsquo;&ldquo;What shall I say?&rdquo; replied Key&#363;raka;
+&ldquo;I have no message from any of these. For when I had entrusted
+Patralekh&#257; to Meghan&#257;da, and returned, and had told of thy
+going to Ujjayin&#299;, <span class="corr" id="xd21e4600" title=
+"Source: Maha&ccedil;vet&#257;">Mah&#257;&ccedil;vet&#257;</span>
+looked upwards, sighed a long, hot sigh, and saying sadly, &lsquo;It is
+so then,&rsquo; returned to her own hermitage to her penance.
+K&#257;dambar&#299;, <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb186" href="#pb186"
+name="pb186">186</a>]</span>as though bereft of consciousness, ignorant
+of Mah&#257;&ccedil;vet&#257;&rsquo;s departure, only opened her eyes
+after a long time, scornfully bidding me tell
+Mah&#257;&ccedil;vet&#257;; and asking Madalekh&#257;
+(<span>465</span>) if anyone ever had done, or would do, such a deed as
+Candr&#257;p&#299;&#7693;a, she dismissed her attendants, threw herself
+on her couch, veiled her head, and spent the day without speaking even
+to Madalekh&#257;, who wholly shared her grief. When early next morning
+I went to her, she gazed at me long with tearful eyes, as if blaming
+me. And I, when thus looked at by my sorrowing mistress, deemed myself
+ordered to go, and so, without telling the princess, I have approached
+my lord&rsquo;s feet. Therefore vouchsafe to hear attentively the
+bidding of Key&#363;raka, whose heart is anxious to save the life of
+one whose sole refuge is in thee. For, as by thy first coming that
+virgin<a class="noteref" id="xd21e4608src" href="#xd21e4608" name=
+"xd21e4608src">4</a> forest was stirred as by the fragrant Malaya wind,
+so when she beheld thee, the joy of the whole world, like the spring,
+love entered her as though she were a red a&ccedil;oka creeper.
+(<span>466</span>) But now she endures great torture for thy
+sake.&rdquo; (466&ndash;470) Then Key&#363;raka told at length all her
+sufferings, till the prince, overcome by grief, could bear it no longer
+and swooned.</p>
+<p>&lsquo;Then, awakening from his swoon, he lamented that he was
+thought too hard of heart to receive a message from K&#257;dambar&#299;
+or her friends, and blamed them for not telling him of her love while
+he was there.</p>
+<p>(<span>476</span>) &lsquo;&ldquo;Why should there be shame
+concerning one who is her servant, ever at her feet, that grief should
+have made its home in one so tender, and my desires be unfulfilled?
+(<span>477</span>) Now, what can I do when at some days&rsquo; distance
+from her. Her body cannot even endure the fall of a flower upon it,
+while even on adamantine hearts like mine the arrows of love are hard
+to bear. When I see the unstable works began by cruel Fate, I know not
+where it will stop. (<span>478</span>) Else where was my approach to
+the land of the immortals, in my vain hunt for the Kinnaras? where my
+journey to Hemak&#363;&#7789;a with Mah&#257;&ccedil;vet&#257;, or my
+<span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb187" href="#pb187" name=
+"pb187">187</a>]</span>sight of the princess there, or the birth of her
+love for me, or my father&rsquo;s command, that I could not transgress,
+for me to return, though my longing was yet unfulfilled? It is by evil
+destiny that we have been raised high, and then dashed to the ground.
+Therefore let us do our utmost to console<a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e4632src" href="#xd21e4632" name="xd21e4632src">5</a> the
+princess.&rdquo; (<span>479</span>) Then in the evening he asked
+Key&#363;raka, &ldquo;What thinkest thou? Will K&#257;dambar&#299;
+support life till we arrive? (<span>480</span>) Or shall I again behold
+her face, with its eyes like a timid fawn&rsquo;s?&rdquo; &ldquo;Be
+firm, prince,&rdquo; he replied. &ldquo;Do thine utmost to go.&rdquo;
+The prince had himself begun plans for going; but what happiness or
+what content of heart would there be without his father&rsquo;s leave,
+and how after his long absence could that be gained? A friend&rsquo;s
+help was needed here, but Vai&ccedil;amp&#257;yana was away.</p>
+<p>&lsquo;(<span>484</span>) But next morning he heard a report that
+his army had reached Da&ccedil;apura, and thinking with joy that he was
+now to receive the favour of Fate, in that Vai&ccedil;amp&#257;yana was
+now at hand, he joyfully told the news to Key&#363;raka.
+(<span>485</span>) &ldquo;This event,&rdquo; replied the latter,
+&ldquo;surely announces thy going. Doubtless thou wilt gain the
+princess. For when was the moon ever beheld by any without moonlight,
+or a lotus-pool without a lotus, or a garden without creeper? Yet there
+must be delay in the arrival of Vai&ccedil;amp&#257;yana, and the
+settling with him of thy plans. But I have told thee the state of the
+princess, which admits of no delay. Therefore, my heart, rendered
+insolent by the grace bestowed by thy affection, desires that favour
+may be shown me by a command to go at once to announce the joy of my
+lord&rsquo;s coming.&rdquo; (<span>486</span>) Whereat the prince, with
+a glance that showed his inward satisfaction, replied: &ldquo;Who else
+is there who so well knows time and place, or who else is so sincerely
+loyal? This, therefore, is a happy thought. Go to support the life of
+the princess and to prepare for my return. But let Patralekh&#257; go
+forward, too, with thee to the feet of the princess. For she is
+favoured by the princess.&rdquo; Then he called Meghan&#257;da,
+<span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb188" href="#pb188" name=
+"pb188">188</a>]</span>and bade him escort Patralekh&#257;,
+(<span>487</span>) while he himself would overtake them when he had
+seen Vai&ccedil;amp&#257;yana. Then he bade Patralekh&#257; tell
+K&#257;dambar&#299; that her noble sincerity and native tenderness
+preserved him, even though far away and burnt by love&rsquo;s fire,
+(<span>489</span>) and requested her bidding to come.
+(<span>491</span>) After their departure, he went to ask his
+father&rsquo;s leave to go to meet Vai&ccedil;amp&#257;yana. The king
+lovingly received him, and said to &Ccedil;ukan&#257;sa:
+(<span>492</span>) &ldquo;He has now come to the age for marriage. So,
+having entered upon the matter with Queen Vil&#257;savat&#299;, let
+some fair maiden be chosen. For a face like my son&rsquo;s is not often
+to be seen. Let us then gladden ourselves now by the sight of the lotus
+face of a bride.&rdquo; &Ccedil;ukan&#257;sa agreed that as the prince
+had gained all knowledge, made royal fortune firmly his own, and wed
+the earth, there remained nothing for him to do but to marry a wife.
+&ldquo;How fitly,&rdquo; thought Candr&#257;p&#299;&#7693;a,
+&ldquo;does my father&rsquo;s plan come for my thoughts of a union with
+K&#257;dambar&#299;! (<span>493</span>) The proverb &lsquo;light to one
+in darkness,&rsquo; or &lsquo;a shower of nectar to a dying man,&rsquo;
+is coming true in me. After just seeing Vai&ccedil;amp&#257;yana, I
+shall win K&#257;dambar&#299;.&rdquo; Then the king went to
+<span class="corr" id="xd21e4671" title=
+"Source: Vil&#257;savati">Vil&#257;savat&#299;</span>, and playfully
+reproached her for giving no counsel as to a bride for her son.
+(<span>494</span>) Meanwhile the prince spent the day in awaiting
+Vai&ccedil;amp&#257;yana&rsquo;s return. And after spending over two
+watches of the night sleepless in yearning for him, (<span>495</span>)
+the energy of his love was redoubled, and he ordered the conch to be
+sounded for his going. (<span>497</span>) Then he started on the road
+to Da&ccedil;apura, and after going some distance he beheld the camp,
+(<span>501</span>) and rejoiced to think he would now see
+Vai&ccedil;amp&#257;yana; and going on alone, he asked where his friend
+was. But weeping women replied: &ldquo;Why ask? How should he be
+here?&rdquo; And in utter bewilderment he hastened to the midst of the
+camp. (<span>502</span>) There he was recognised, and on his question
+the chieftains besought him to rest under a tree while they related
+Vai&ccedil;amp&#257;yana&rsquo;s fate. He was, they said, yet alive,
+and they told what had happened. (<span>505</span>) &ldquo;When left by
+thee, he halted a day, and then gave the <span class="pagenum">[<a id=
+"pb189" href="#pb189" name="pb189">189</a>]</span>order for our march.
+&lsquo;Yet,&rsquo; said he, &lsquo;Lake Acchoda is mentioned in the
+Pur&#257;&#7751;a as very holy. Let us bathe and worship &Ccedil;iva in
+the shrine on its bank. For who will ever, even in a dream, behold
+again this place haunted by the gods?&rsquo; (<span>506</span>) But
+beholding a bower on the bank he gazed at it like a brother long lost
+to sight, as if memories were awakened in him. And when we urged him to
+depart, he made as though he heard us not; but at last he bade us go,
+saying that he would not leave that spot. (<span>508</span>) &lsquo;Do
+I not know well&rsquo; said he, &lsquo;all that you urge for my
+departure? But I have no power over myself, and I am, as it were,
+nailed to the spot, and cannot go with you.&rsquo; (<span>510</span>)
+So at length we left him, and came hither.&rdquo;</p>
+<p>&lsquo;Amazed at this story, which he could not have even in a dream
+imagined, Candr&#257;p&#299;&#7693;a wondered: &ldquo;What can be the
+cause of his resolve to leave all and dwell in the woods? I see no
+fault of my own. He shares everything with me. Has anything been said
+that could hurt him by my father or &Ccedil;ukan&#257;sa?&rdquo;
+(<span>517</span>) He at length returned to Ujjayin&#299;, thinking
+that where Vai&ccedil;amp&#257;yana was there was K&#257;dambar&#299;
+also, and resolved to fetch him back. (<span>518</span>) He heard that
+the king and queen had gone to &Ccedil;ukan&#257;sa&rsquo;s house, and
+followed them thither. (<span>519</span>) There he heard Manoram&#257;
+lamenting the absence of the son without whose sight she could not
+live, and who had never before, even in his earliest years, shown
+neglect of her. (<span>520</span>) On his entrance the king thus
+greeted him: &ldquo;I know thy great love for him. Yet when I hear thy
+story my heart suspects some fault of thine.&rdquo; But
+&Ccedil;ukan&#257;sa, his face darkened with grief and impatience, said
+reproachfully: &ldquo;If, O king, there is heat in the moon or coolness
+in fire, then there may be fault in the prince. (<span>521</span>) Men
+such as Vai&ccedil;amp&#257;yana are portents of destruction,
+(<span>522</span>) fire without fuel, polished mirrors that present
+everything the reverse way; (<span>523</span>) for them the base are
+exalted, wrong is right, and ignorance wisdom. All in them makes for
+evil, and not for good. Therefore Vai&ccedil;amp&#257;yana has not
+feared thy wrath, nor thought that his mother&rsquo;s life <span class=
+"pagenum">[<a id="pb190" href="#pb190" name=
+"pb190">190</a>]</span>depends on him, nor that he was born to be a
+giver of offerings for the continuance of his race. (<span>524</span>)
+Surely the birth of one so evil and demoniac was but to cause us
+grief.&rdquo; (<span>525</span>) To this the king replied:
+&ldquo;Surely for such as I to admonish thee were for a lamp to give
+light to fire, or daylight an equal splendour to the sun. Yet the mind
+of the wisest is made turbid by grief as the M&#257;nasa Lake by the
+rainy season, and then sight is destroyed. Who is there in this world
+who is not changed by youth? When youth shows itself, love for elders
+flows away with childhood. (<span>528</span>) My heart grieves when I
+hear thee speak harshly of Vai&ccedil;amp&#257;yana. Let him be brought
+hither. Then we can do as is fitting.&rdquo; (<span>529</span>)
+&Ccedil;ukan&#257;sa persisted in blaming his son; but
+Candr&#257;p&#299;&#7693;a implored leave to fetch him home, and
+&Ccedil;ukan&#257;sa at length yielded. (<span>532</span>) Then
+Candr&#257;p&#299;&#7693;a summoned the astrologers, and secretly bade
+them name the day for his departure, when asked by the king or
+&Ccedil;ukan&#257;sa, so as not to delay his departure. &ldquo;The
+conjunction of the planets,&rdquo; they answered him, &ldquo;is against
+thy going. (<span>533</span>) Yet a king is the determiner of time. On
+whatever time thy will is set, that is the time for every
+matter.&rdquo; Then they announced the morrow as the time for his
+departure; and he spent that day and night intent on his journey, and
+deeming that he already beheld K&#257;dambar&#299; and
+Vai&ccedil;amp&#257;yana before him.</p>
+<p>&lsquo;(<span>534</span>) And when the time came,
+Vil&#257;savat&#299; bade him farewell in deep sorrow: &ldquo;I grieved
+not so for thy first going as I do now. My heart is torn; my body is in
+torture; my mind is overwhelmed. (<span>535</span>) I know not why my
+heart so suffers. Stay not long away.&rdquo; He tried to console her,
+and then went to his father, who received him tenderly,
+(<span>539</span>) and finally dismissed him, saying: &ldquo;My desire
+is that thou shouldst take a wife and receive the burden of royalty, so
+that I may enter on the path followed by royal sages; but this matter
+of Vai&ccedil;amp&#257;yana is in the way of it, and I have misgivings
+that my longing is not to be fulfilled; else how could he have acted in
+so strange a way? Therefore, though thou must go, my son, return
+<span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb191" href="#pb191" name=
+"pb191">191</a>]</span>soon, that my heart&rsquo;s desire may not
+fail.&rdquo; (<span>540</span>) At length he started, and spent day and
+night on his journey in the thought of his friend and of the Gandharva
+world. (<span>544</span>) And when he had travelled far the rainy
+season came on, and all the workings of the storms found their
+counterpart in his own heart. (<span>548</span>) Yet he paused not on
+his way, nor did he heed the entreaties of his chieftains to bestow
+some care on himself, but rode on all day. (<span>549</span>) But a
+third part of the way remained to traverse when he beheld
+Meghan&#257;da, and, asking him eagerly concerning
+Vai&ccedil;amp&#257;yana, (<span>550</span>) he learnt that
+Patralekh&#257;, sure that the rains would delay his coming, had sent
+Meghan&#257;da to meet him, and that the latter had not been to the
+Acchoda lake. (<span>552</span>) With redoubled grief the prince rode
+to the lake, and bade his followers guard it on all sides, lest
+Vai&ccedil;amp&#257;yana should in shame flee from them; but all his
+search found no traces of his friend. (<span>553</span>) &ldquo;My
+feet,&rdquo; thought he, &ldquo;cannot leave this spot without him, and
+yet K&#257;dambar&#299; has not been seen. Perchance
+Mah&#257;&ccedil;vet&#257; may know about this matter; I will at least
+see her.&rdquo; So he mounted Indr&#257;yudha, and went towards her
+hermitage. There dismounting, he entered; but in the entrance of the
+cave he beheld Mah&#257;&ccedil;vet&#257;, with difficulty supported by
+Taralik&#257;, weeping bitterly. (<span>554</span>) &ldquo;May no
+ill,&rdquo; thought he, &ldquo;have befallen K&#257;dambar&#299;, that
+Mah&#257;&ccedil;vet&#257; should be in this state, when my coming
+should be a cause of joy.&rdquo; Eagerly and sorrowfully he questioned
+Taralik&#257;, but she only gazed on Mah&#257;&ccedil;vet&#257;&rsquo;s
+face. Then the latter at last spoke falteringly: &ldquo;What can one so
+wretched tell thee? Yet the tale shall be told. When I heard from
+Key&#363;raka of thy departure, my heart was torn by the thought that
+the wishes of K&#257;dambar&#299;&rsquo;s parents, my own longing, and
+the sight of K&#257;dambar&#299;&rsquo;s happiness in her union with
+thee had not been brought about, and, cleaving even the bond of my love
+to her, I returned home to yet harsher penance than before.
+(<span>555</span>) Here I beheld a young Brahman, like unto thee,
+gazing hither and thither with vacant glance. But at the sight of me
+his eyes were fixed on me alone, as <span class="pagenum">[<a id=
+"pb192" href="#pb192" name="pb192">192</a>]</span>if, though unseen
+before, he recognised me, though a stranger, he had long known me, and
+gazing at me like one mad or possessed, he said at last: &lsquo;Fair
+maiden, only they who do what is fitting for their birth, age, and form
+escape blame in this world. Why toilest thou thus, like perverse fate,
+in so unmeet an employment, in that thou wastest in stern penance a
+body tender as a garland? (<span>556</span>) The toil of penance is for
+those who have enjoyed the pleasures of life and have lost its graces,
+but not for one endowed with beauty. If thou turnest from the joys of
+earth, in vain does Love bend his bow, or the moon rise. Moonlight and
+the Malaya wind serve for naught.&rsquo;&rdquo;</p>
+<p>&lsquo;&ldquo;But I, caring for nothing since the loss of
+Pu&#7751;&#7693;ar&#299;ka, asked no questions about him,
+(<span>557</span>) and bade Taralik&#257; keep him away, for some evil
+would surely happen should he return. But in spite of being kept away,
+whether from the fault of love or the destiny of suffering that lay
+upon us, he did not give up his affection; and one night, while
+Taralik&#257; slept, and I was thinking of Pu&#7751;&#7693;ar&#299;ka,
+(<span>559</span>) I beheld in the moonlight, clear as day, that youth
+approaching like one possessed. The utmost fear seized me at the sight.
+&lsquo;An evil thing,&rsquo; I thought, &lsquo;has befallen me. If he
+draw near, and but touch me with his hand, this accursed life must be
+destroyed; and then that endurance of it, which I accepted in the hope
+of again beholding Pu&#7751;&#7693;ar&#299;ka, will have been in
+vain.&rsquo; While I thus thought he drew near, and said:
+&lsquo;Moon-faced maiden, the moon, Love&rsquo;s ally, is striving to
+slay me. Therefore I come to ask protection. Save me, who am without
+refuge, and cannot help myself, for my life is devoted to thee.
+(<span>560</span>) It is the duty of ascetics to protect those who flee
+to them for protection. If, then, thou deign not to bestow thyself on
+me, the moon and love will slay me.&rsquo; At these words, in a voice
+choked by wrath, I exclaimed: &lsquo;Wretch, how has a thunderbolt
+failed to strike thy head in the utterance of these thy words? Surely
+the five elements that give witness of right and wrong to mortals are
+lacking in thy frame, in that earth and air and fire and the rest have
+not <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb193" href="#pb193" name=
+"pb193">193</a>]</span>utterly destroyed thee. Thou hast learnt to
+speak like a parrot, without thought of what was right or wrong to say.
+Why wert thou not born as a parrot? (<span>561</span>) I lay on thee
+this fate, that thou mayest enter on a birth suited to thine own
+speech, and cease to make love to one such as I.&rsquo; So saying, I
+turned towards the moon, and with raised hands prayed: &lsquo;Blessed
+one, lord of all, guardian of the world, if since the sight of
+Pu&#7751;&#7693;ar&#299;ka my heart has been free from the thought of
+any other man, may this false lover by the truth of this my saying,
+fall into the existence pronounced by me.&rsquo; Then straightway, I
+know not how, whether from the force of love, or of his own sin, or
+from the power of my words, he fell lifeless, like a tree torn up by
+the roots. And it was not till he was dead that I learnt from his
+weeping attendants that he was thy friend, noble prince.&rdquo; Having
+thus said, she bent her face in shame and silently wept. But
+Candr&#257;p&#299;&#7693;a, with fixed glance and broken voice,
+replied: &ldquo;Lady, thou hast done thine utmost, and yet I am too
+ill-fated to have gained in this life the joy of honouring the feet of
+the lady K&#257;dambar&#299;. Mayest thou in another life create this
+bliss for me.&rdquo; (<span>562</span>) With these words his tender
+heart broke, as if from grief at failing to win K&#257;dambar&#299;,
+like a bud ready to open when pierced by a bee.</p>
+<p>&lsquo;Then Taralik&#257; burst into laments over his lifeless body
+and into reproaches to Mah&#257;&ccedil;vet&#257;. And as the
+chieftains, too, raised their cry of grief and wonder,
+(<span>564</span>) there entered, with but few followers,
+K&#257;dambar&#299; herself, attired as to meet her lover, though a
+visit to Mah&#257;&ccedil;vet&#257; was the pretext of her coming, and
+while she leant on Patralekh&#257;&rsquo;s hand, she expressed her
+doubts of the prince&rsquo;s promised return, (<span>565</span>) and
+declared that if she again beheld him she would not speak to him, nor
+be reconciled either by his humility or her friend&rsquo;s endeavours.
+Such were her words; but she counted all the toil of the journey light
+in her longing to behold him again. But when she beheld him dead, with
+a sudden cry she fell to the ground. And when she recovered from her
+swoon, she gazed at him with <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb194" href=
+"#pb194" name="pb194">194</a>]</span>fixed eyes and quivering mouth,
+like a creeper trembling under the blow of a keen axe, and then stood
+still with a firmness foreign to her woman&rsquo;s nature.
+(<span>566</span>) Madalekh&#257; implored her to give her grief the
+relief of tears, lest her heart should break, and remember that on her
+rested the hopes of two races. &ldquo;Foolish girl,&rdquo; replied
+K&#257;dambar&#299;, with a smile, &ldquo;how should my adamantine
+heart break if it has not broken at this sight? These thoughts of
+family and friends are for one who wills to live, not for me, who have
+chosen death; for I have won the body of my beloved, which is life to
+me, and which, whether living or dead, whether by an earthly union, or
+by my following it in death, suffices to calm every grief. It is for my
+sake that my lord came hither and lost his life; how, then, could I, by
+shedding tears, make light of the great honour to which he has raised
+me? or how bring an ill-omened mourning to his departure to heaven? or
+how weep at the joyous moment when, like the dust of his feet, I may
+follow him? Now all sorrow is far away. (<span>567</span>) For him I
+neglected all other ties; and now, when he is dead, how canst thou ask
+me to live? In dying now lies my life, and to live would be death to
+me. Do thou take my place with my parents and my friends, and mayest
+thou be the mother of a son to offer libations of water for me when I
+am in another world. Thou must wed the young mango in the courtyard,
+dear to me as my own child, to the m&#257;dhav&#299; creeper. Let not a
+twig of the a&ccedil;oka-tree that my feet have caressed be broken,
+even to make an earring. Let the flowers of the m&#257;lat&#299;
+creeper I tended be plucked only to offer to the gods. Let the picture
+of K&#257;ma in my room near my pillow be torn in pieces. The
+mango-trees I planted must be tended so that they may come to fruit.
+(<span>568</span>) Set free from the misery of their cage the maina
+K&#257;lind&#299; and the parrot Parih&#257;sa. Let the little mongoose
+that rested in my lap now rest in thine. Let my child, the fawn
+Taralaka, be given to a hermitage. Let the partridges on the
+pleasure-hill that grew up in my hand be kept alive. See that the
+ham&#803;sa that followed my steps be <span class="pagenum">[<a id=
+"pb195" href="#pb195" name="pb195">195</a>]</span>not killed. Let my
+poor ape be set free, for she is unhappy in the house. Let the
+pleasure-hill be given to some calm-souled hermit, and let the things I
+use myself be given to Brahmans. My lute thou must lovingly keep in
+thine own lap, and anything else that pleases thee must be thine own.
+But as for me, I will cling to my lord&rsquo;s neck, and so on the
+funeral pyre allay the fever which the moon, sandal, lotus-fibres, and
+all cool things have but increased.&rdquo; (<span>569</span>) Then she
+embraced Mah&#257;&ccedil;vet&#257;, saying: &ldquo;Thou indeed hast
+some hope whereby to endure life, even though its pains be worse than
+death; but I have none, and so I bid thee farewell, dear friend, till
+we meet in another birth.&rdquo;</p>
+<p>&lsquo;As though she felt the joy of reunion, she honoured the feet
+of Candr&#257;p&#299;&#7693;a with bent head, and placed them in her
+lap. (<span>570</span>) At her touch a strange bright light arose from
+Candr&#257;p&#299;&#7693;a&rsquo;s body, and straightway a voice was
+heard in the sky: &ldquo;Dear Mah&#257;&ccedil;vet&#257;, I will again
+console thee. The body of thy Pu&#7751;&#7693;ar&#299;ka, nourished in
+my world and by my light, free from death, awaits its reunion with
+thee. The other body, that of Candr&#257;p&#299;&#7693;a, is filled
+with my light, and so is not subject to death, both from its own
+nature, and because it is nourished by the touch of
+K&#257;dambar&#299;; it has been deserted by the soul by reason of a
+curse, like the body of a mystic whose spirit has passed into another
+form. Let it rest here to console thee and K&#257;dambar&#299; till the
+curse be ended. Let it not be burnt, nor cast into water, nor deserted.
+It must be kept with all care till its reunion.&rdquo;</p>
+<p>&lsquo;All but Patralekh&#257; were astounded at this saying, and
+fixed their gaze on the sky; but she, recovering, at the cool touch of
+that light, from the swoon brought on by seeing the death of
+Candr&#257;p&#299;&#7693;a, rose, hastily seizing Indr&#257;yudha from
+his groom, saying: &ldquo;However it may be for us, thou must not for a
+moment leave thy master to go alone without a steed on his long
+journey;&rdquo; and plunged, together with Indr&#257;yudha, into the
+Acchoda Lake. (<span>571</span>) Straightway there rose from the lake a
+young ascetic, <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb196" href="#pb196" name=
+"pb196">196</a>]</span>and approaching Mah&#257;&ccedil;vet&#257;, said
+mournfully: &ldquo;Princess of the Gandharvas, knowest thou me, now
+that I have passed through another birth?&rdquo; Divided between joy
+and grief, she paid homage to his feet, and replied: &ldquo;Blessed
+Kapi&ntilde;jala, am I so devoid of virtue that I could forget thee?
+And yet this thought of me is natural, since I am so strangely ignorant
+of myself and deluded by madness that when my lord
+Pu&#7751;&#7693;ar&#299;ka is gone to heaven I yet live.
+(<span>572</span>) Tell me of Pu&#7751;&#7693;ar&#299;ka.&rdquo; He
+then recalled how he had flown into the sky in pursuit of the being who
+carried off Pu&#7751;&#7693;ar&#299;ka, and passing by the wondering
+gods in their heavenly cars, he had reached the world of the moon.
+&ldquo;Then that being,&rdquo; he continued, &ldquo;placed
+Pu&#7751;&#7693;ar&#299;ka&rsquo;s body on a couch in the hall called
+Mahodaya, and said: &lsquo;Know me to be the moon! (<span>573</span>)
+When I was rising to help the world I was cursed by thy friend, because
+my beams were slaying him before he could meet his beloved; and he
+prayed that I, too, might die in the land of Bharata, the home of all
+sacred rites, knowing myself the pains of love. But I, wrathful at
+being cursed for what was his own fault, uttered the curse that he
+should endure the same lot of joy or sorrow as myself. When, however,
+my anger passed away, I understood what had happened about
+Mah&#257;&ccedil;vet&#257;. Now, she is sprung from the race that had
+its origin in my beams, and she chose him for her lord. Yet he and I
+must both be born twice in the world of mortals, else the due order of
+births will not be fulfilled. I have therefore carried the body hither,
+and I nourish it with my light lest it should perish before the curse
+is ended, and I have comforted Mah&#257;&ccedil;vet&#257;.
+(<span>574</span>) Tell the whole matter to
+Pu&#7751;&#7693;ar&#299;ka&rsquo;s father. His spiritual power is
+great, and he may find a remedy.&rsquo; And I, rushing away in grief,
+leapt off another rider in a heavenly chariot, and in wrath he said to
+me: &lsquo;Since in the wide path of heaven thou hast leapt over me
+like a horse in its wild course, do thou become a horse, and descend
+into the world of mortals.&rsquo; To my tearful assurance that I had
+leapt over him in the blindness of grief, and not from contempt, he
+replied: <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb197" href="#pb197" name=
+"pb197">197</a>]</span>&lsquo;The curse, once uttered, cannot be
+recalled. But when thy rider shall die, thou shalt bathe and be freed
+from the curse.&rsquo; Then I implored him that as my friend was about
+to be born with the moon-god, in the world of mortals, I might, as a
+horse, constantly dwell with him. (<span>575</span>) Softened by my
+affection, he told me that the moon would be born as a son to King
+T&#257;r&#257;p&#299;&#7693;a at Ujjayin&#299;,
+Pu&#7751;&#7693;ar&#299;ka would be the son of his minister,
+&Ccedil;ukan&#257;sa, and that I should be the prince&rsquo;s steed.
+Straightway I plunged into the ocean, and rose as a horse, but yet lost
+not consciousness of the past. I it was who purposely brought
+Candr&#257;p&#299;&#7693;a hither in pursuit of the kinnaras. And he
+who sought thee by reason of the love implanted in a former birth, and
+was consumed by a curse in thine ignorance, was my friend
+Pu&#7751;&#7693;ar&#299;ka come down to earth.&rdquo;</p>
+<p>&lsquo;Then Mah&#257;&ccedil;vet&#257; beat her breast with a bitter
+cry, saying: &ldquo;Thou didst keep thy love for me through another
+birth, Pu&#7751;&#7693;ar&#299;ka; I was all the world to thee; and
+yet, like a demon, born for thy destruction even in a fresh life, I
+have received length of years but to slay thee again and again.
+(<span>576</span>) Even in thee, methinks, coldness must now have
+sprung up towards one so ill-fated, in that thou answerest not my
+laments;&rdquo; and she flung herself on the ground. But
+Kapi&ntilde;jala pityingly replied: &ldquo;Thou art blameless,
+princess, and joy is at hand. Grieve not, therefore, but pursue the
+penance undertaken by thee; for to perfect penance naught is
+impossible, and by the power of thine austerities thou shalt soon be in
+the arms of my friend.&rdquo;</p>
+<p>&lsquo;(<span>577</span>) Then K&#257;dambar&#299; asked
+Kapi&ntilde;jala what had become of Patralekh&#257; when she plunged
+with him into the tank. But he knew naught of what had happened since
+then, either to her, or his friend, or Candr&#257;p&#299;&#7693;a, and
+rose to the sky to ask the sage &Ccedil;vetaketu,
+Pu&#7751;&#7693;ar&#299;ka&rsquo;s father, to whom everything in the
+three worlds was visible.</p>
+<p>&lsquo;(577&ndash;578) Then Mah&#257;&ccedil;vet&#257; counselled
+K&#257;dambar&#299;, whose love to her was drawn the closer from the
+likeness of her sorrow, that she should spend her life in ministering
+to the <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb198" href="#pb198" name=
+"pb198">198</a>]</span>body of Candr&#257;p&#299;&#7693;a, nothing
+doubting that while others, to gain good, worshipped shapes of wood and
+stone that were but images of invisible gods, she ought to worship the
+present deity, veiled under the name of Candr&#257;p&#299;&#7693;a.
+Laying his body tenderly on a rock, K&#257;dambar&#299; put off the
+adornments with which she had come to meet her lover, keeping but one
+bracelet as a happy omen. She bathed, put on two white robes, rubbed
+off the deep stain of betel from her lips, (<span>579</span>) and the
+very flowers, incense, and unguents she had brought to grace a happy
+love she now offered to Candr&#257;p&#299;&#7693;a in the worship due
+to a god. That day and night she spent motionless, holding the feet of
+the prince, and on the morrow she joyfully saw that his brightness was
+unchanged, (<span>581</span>) and gladdened her friends and the
+prince&rsquo;s followers by the tidings. (<span>582</span>) The next
+day she sent Madalekh&#257; to console her parents, and they sent back
+an assurance that they had never thought to see her wed, and that now
+they rejoiced that she had chosen for her husband the incarnation of
+the moon-god himself. They hoped, when the curse was over, to behold
+again her lotus-face in the company of their son-in-law.
+(<span>583</span>) So comforted, K&#257;dambar&#299; remained to tend
+and worship the prince&rsquo;s body. Now, when the rainy season was
+over, Meghan&#257;da came to K&#257;dambar&#299;, and told her that
+messengers had been sent by T&#257;r&#257;p&#299;&#7693;a to ask the
+cause of the prince&rsquo;s delay, (<span>584</span>) and that he, to
+spare her grief, had told them the whole story, and bade them hasten to
+tell all to the king. They, however, had replied that this might
+doubtless be so; yet, to say nothing of their hereditary love for the
+prince, the desire to see so great a marvel urged them to ask to be
+allowed to behold him; their long service deserved the favour; and what
+would the king say if they failed to see
+Candr&#257;p&#299;&#7693;a&rsquo;s body? (<span>585</span>) Sorrowfully
+picturing to herself what the grief of T&#257;r&#257;p&#299;&#7693;a
+would be, K&#257;dambar&#299; admitted the messengers,
+(<span>586</span>) and as they tearfully prostrated themselves, she
+consoled them, saying that this was a cause for joy rather than sorrow.
+&ldquo;Ye have seen the prince&rsquo;s face, and his body free
+<span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb199" href="#pb199" name=
+"pb199">199</a>]</span>from change; therefore hasten to the
+king&rsquo;s feet. Yet do not spread abroad this story, but say that ye
+have seen the prince, and that he tarries by the Acchoda Lake. For
+death must come to all, and is easily believed; but this event, even
+when seen, can scarce win faith. It profits not now, therefore, by
+telling this to his parents, to create in them a suspicion of his
+death; but when he comes to life again, this wondrous tale will become
+clear to them.&rdquo; (<span>587</span>) But they replied: &ldquo;Then
+we must either not return or keep silence. But neither course is
+possible; nor could we so greet the sorrowing king.&rdquo; She
+therefore sent Candr&#257;p&#299;&#7693;a&rsquo;s servant Tvaritaka
+with them, to give credit to the story, for the prince&rsquo;s royal
+retinue had all taken a vow to live there, eating only roots and
+fruits, and not to return till the prince himself should do so.</p>
+<p>(<span>589</span>) &lsquo;After many days, Queen
+Vil&#257;savat&#299;, in her deep longing for news of her son, went to
+the temple of the Divine Mothers of Avant&#299;,<a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e4916src" href="#xd21e4916" name="xd21e4916src">6</a> the guardian
+goddesses of Ujjayin&#299;, to pray for his return; and on a sudden a
+cry arose from the retinue: &ldquo;Thou art happy, O Queen! The Mothers
+have shown favour to thee! Messengers from the prince are at
+hand.&rdquo; Then she saw the messengers, with the city-folk crowding
+round them, asking news of the prince, or of sons, brothers, and other
+kinsfolk among his followers, (<span>591</span>) but receiving no
+answers. She sent for them to the temple court, and cried: &ldquo;Tell
+me quickly of my son. (<span>592</span>) Have ye seen him?&rdquo; And
+they, striving to hide their grief, replied: &ldquo;O Queen, he has
+been seen by us on the shore of the Acchoda Lake, and Tvaritaka will
+tell thee the rest.&rdquo; &ldquo;What more,&rdquo; said she,
+&ldquo;can this unhappy man tell me? For your own sorrowful bearing has
+told the tale. Alas, my child! Wherefore hast thou not returned? When
+thou didst bid me farewell, I knew by my forebodings that I should not
+behold thy face again. (<span>593</span>) This all comes from the evil
+deeds of my former birth. Yet think not, my son, that I will live
+without thee, for how could I thus even <span class="pagenum">[<a id=
+"pb200" href="#pb200" name="pb200">200</a>]</span>face thy father? And
+yet, whether it be from love, or from the thought that one so fair must
+needs live, or from the native simplicity of a woman&rsquo;s mind, my
+heart cannot believe that ill has befallen thee.&rdquo;
+(<span>594</span>) Meanwhile, the news was told to the king, and he
+hastened to the temple with &Ccedil;ukan&#257;sa, and tried to rouse
+the queen from the stupor of grief, saying: (<span>595</span>)
+&ldquo;My queen, we dishonour ourselves by this show of grief. Our good
+deeds in a former life have carried us thus far. We are not the vessel
+of further joys. That which we have not earned is not won at will by
+beating the breast. The Creator does what He wills, and depends on
+none. We have had the joy of our son&rsquo;s babyhood and boyhood and
+youth. We have crowned him, and greeted his return from his world
+conquest. (<span>596</span>) All that is lacking to our wishes is that
+we have not seen him wed, so that we might leave him in our place, and
+retire to a hermitage. But to gain every desire is the fruit of very
+rare merit. We must, however, question Tvaritaka, for we know not all
+yet.&rdquo; (<span>597</span>) But when he heard from Tvaritaka how the
+prince&rsquo;s heart had broken, he interrupted him, and cried that a
+funeral pyre should be prepared for himself near the shrine of
+Mah&#257;k&#257;la. (<span>598</span>) All his treasure was to be given
+to Brahmans, and the kings who followed him were to return to their own
+lands. Then Tvaritaka implored him to hear the rest of the story of
+Vai&ccedil;amp&#257;yana, and his grief was followed by wonder; while
+&Ccedil;ukan&#257;sa, showing the desire of a true friend to forget his
+own grief and offer consolation, said: (<span>599</span>) &ldquo;Sire,
+in this wondrous transitory existence, wherein wander gods, demons,
+animals and men, filled with joy and grief, there is no event which is
+not possible. Why then doubt concerning this? If from a search for
+reason, how many things rest only on tradition, and are yet seen to be
+true? As the use of meditation or certain postures to cure a poisoned
+man, the attraction of the loadstone, the efficacy of mantras, Vedic or
+otherwise, in actions of all kinds, wherein sacred tradition is our
+authority. (<span>600</span>) Now there are many stories of curses in
+the Pur&#257;&#7751;as, the <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb201" href=
+"#pb201" name="pb201">201</a>]</span>R&#257;m&#257;ya&#7751;a, the
+Mah&#257;bh&#257;rata, and the rest. For it was owing to a curse that
+Nahusha<a class="noteref" id="xd21e4958src" href="#xd21e4958" name=
+"xd21e4958src">7</a> became a serpent, Saud&#257;sa<a class="noteref"
+id="xd21e4963src" href="#xd21e4963" name="xd21e4963src">8</a> a
+cannibal, Yay&#257;ti decrepit, Tri&ccedil;am&#803;ku<a class="noteref"
+id="xd21e4966src" href="#xd21e4966" name="xd21e4966src">9</a> a
+Ca&#7751;&#7693;&#257;la, the heaven-dwelling Mah&#257;bhisha was born
+as &Ccedil;&#257;ntanu, while Gang&#257; became his wife, and the
+Vasus,<a class="noteref" id="xd21e4972src" href="#xd21e4972" name=
+"xd21e4972src">10</a> his sons. Nay, even the Supreme God,
+Vish&#7751;u, was born as Yamadagni&rsquo;s son, and, dividing himself
+into four, he was born to Da&ccedil;aratha, and also to Vasudeva at
+Mathur&#257;. Therefore the birth of gods among mortals is not hard of
+belief. And thou, sire, art not behind the men of old in virtue, nor is
+the moon greater than the god from whom the lotus springs. Our dreams
+at our sons&rsquo; birth confirm the tale; the nectar that dwells in
+the moon preserves the prince&rsquo;s body, (<span>601</span>) and his
+beauty that gladdens the world must be destined to dwell in the world.
+We shall therefore soon see his marriage with K&#257;dambar&#299;, and
+therein find all the past troubles of life more than repaid. Do then
+thine utmost by worshipping gods, giving gifts to Brahmans, and
+practising austerities, to secure this blessing.&rdquo; (602&ndash;604)
+The king assented, but expressed his resolve to go himself to behold
+the prince, and he and the queen, together with &Ccedil;ukan&#257;sa
+and his wife, went to the lake. (<span>605</span>) Comforted by the
+assurance of Meghan&#257;da, who came to meet him, that the
+prince&rsquo;s body daily grew in brightness, he entered the hermitage;
+(<span>606</span>) while, at the news of his coming,
+Mah&#257;&ccedil;vet&#257; fled in shame within the cave, and
+K&#257;dambar&#299; swooned. And as he looked on his son, who seemed
+but to sleep, the queen rushed forward, and with fond reproaches
+entreated Candr&#257;p&#299;&#7693;a to speak to them.
+(<span>608</span>) But the king reminded her that it was her part to
+comfort &Ccedil;ukan&#257;sa and his wife. &ldquo;She also, to whom we
+shall owe the joy of again beholding our son alive, even the Gandharva
+princess, is yet in a swoon; do thou take her in thine arms, and bring
+her back to consciousness.&rdquo; Then she tenderly touched
+K&#257;dambar&#299;, saying &ldquo;Be comforted, my <span class=
+"pagenum">[<a id="pb202" href="#pb202" name=
+"pb202">202</a>]</span>mother,<a class="noteref" id="xd21e4993src"
+href="#xd21e4993" name="xd21e4993src">11</a> for without thee, who
+could have preserved the body of my son Candr&#257;p&#299;&#7693;a?
+Surely thou must be wholly made of am&#7771;ita, that we are again able
+to behold his face.&rdquo; (<span>609</span>) At the name of
+Candr&#257;p&#299;&#7693;a and the touch of the queen, so like his own,
+K&#257;dambar&#299; recovered her senses, and was helped by
+Madalekh&#257; to pay due honour, though with face bent in shame, to
+his parents. She received their blessing&mdash;&ldquo;Mayest thou live
+long, and long enjoy an unwidowed life&rdquo;&mdash;and was set close
+behind Vil&#257;savat&#299;. The king then bade her resume her care of
+the prince, and took up his abode in a leafy bower near the hermitage,
+provided with a cool stone slab, and meet for a hermit,
+(<span>610</span>) and told his royal retinue that he would now carry
+out his long-cherished desire of an ascetic life, and that they must
+protect his subjects. &ldquo;It is surely a gain if I hand over my
+place to one worthy of it, and by this enfeebled and useless body of
+mine win the joys of another world.&rdquo;</p>
+<p>&lsquo;So saying, he gave up all his wonted joys, and betook himself
+to the unwonted life in the woods; he found a palace beneath the trees;
+the delights of the zenana, in the creepers; the affection of friends,
+in the fawns; the pleasure of attire, in rags and bark garments.
+(<span>611</span>) His weapons were rosaries; his ambition was for
+another world; his desire for wealth was in penance. He refused all the
+delicacies that K&#257;dambar&#299; and Mah&#257;&ccedil;vet&#257;
+offered him, and so dwelt with his queen and &Ccedil;ukan&#257;sa,
+counting all pains light, so that every morning and evening he might
+have the joy of seeing Candr&#257;p&#299;&#7693;a.&rsquo;</p>
+<p>Having told this tale,<a class="noteref" id="xd21e5013src" href=
+"#xd21e5013" name="xd21e5013src">12</a> the sage J&#257;b&#257;li said
+with a scornful smile to his son H&#257;r&#299;ta and the other
+ascetics: &lsquo;Ye have seen how this story has had power to hold us
+long, and to charm our hearts. And this is the love-stricken being who
+by his own fault fell from heaven, and became on earth
+Vai&ccedil;amp&#257;yana, son of &Ccedil;ukan&#257;sa. He it is who, by
+the curse of his own wrathful father, and by
+Mah&#257;&ccedil;vet&#257;&rsquo;s <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb203"
+href="#pb203" name="pb203">203</a>]</span>appeal to the truth of her
+heart, has been born as a parrot.&rsquo; (<span>612</span>) As he thus
+spoke, I awoke, as it were, out of sleep, and, young as I was, I had on
+the tip of my tongue all the knowledge gained in a former birth; I
+became skilled in all arts; I had a clear human voice, memory, and all
+but the shape of a man. My affection for the prince, my uncontrolled
+passion, my devotion to Mah&#257;&ccedil;vet&#257;, all returned. A
+yearning arose in me to know about them and my other friends, and
+though in deepest shame, I faintly asked J&#257;b&#257;li: &lsquo;Now,
+blessed saint, that thou hast brought back my knowledge, my heart
+breaks for the prince who died in grief for my death.
+(<span>613</span>) Vouchsafe to tell me of him, so that I may be near
+him; even my birth as an animal will not grieve me.&rsquo; With mingled
+scorn and pity he replied: &lsquo;Wilt thou not even now restrain thine
+old impatience? Ask, when thy wings are grown.&rsquo; Then to his
+son&rsquo;s inquiry how one of saintly race should be so enslaved by
+love, he replied that this weak and unrestrained nature belonged to
+those born, like me, from a mother only. For the Veda says, &lsquo;As a
+man&rsquo;s parents are, so is he,&rsquo; (<span>614</span>) and
+medical science, too, declares their weakness. And he said my life now
+would be but short, but that when the curse was over, I should win
+length of years. I humbly asked by what sacrifices I should gain a
+longer life, but he bade me wait, and as the whole night had passed
+unobserved in his story, (<span>615</span>) he sent the ascetics to
+offer the morning oblation, while H&#257;r&#299;ta took me, and placed
+me in his own hut near his couch, and went to his morning duties.
+(<span>616</span>) During his absence, I sorrowfully thought how hard
+it would be to rise from being a bird to being a Brahman, not to say a
+saint, who has the bliss of heaven. Yet if I could not be united to
+those I loved in past lives why should I yet live? But H&#257;r&#299;ta
+then returned, and told me that Kapi&ntilde;jala was there.
+(617&ndash;618) When I saw him weary, yet loving as ever, I strove to
+fly to him, and he, lifting me up, placed me in his bosom, and then on
+his head. (<span>619</span>) Then he told me, &lsquo;Thy father
+&Ccedil;vetaketu knew by divine insight of thy plight, and has begun a
+rite to help thee. As he began <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb204"
+href="#pb204" name="pb204">204</a>]</span>it I was set free from my
+horse&rsquo;s shape; (<span>620</span>) but he kept me till
+J&#257;b&#257;li had recalled the past to thee, and now sends me to
+give thee his blessing, and say that thy mother Lakshm&#299; is also
+helping in the rite.&rsquo; (<span>621</span>) Then, bidding me stay in
+the hermitage, he rose to the sky, to take part in the rite.
+(<span>622</span>) After some days, however, my wings were grown, and I
+resolved to fly to Mah&#257;&ccedil;vet&#257;, so I set off towards the
+north; (<span>623</span>) but weariness soon overtook me, and I went to
+sleep in a tree, only to wake in the snare of a terrible
+Ca&#7751;&#7693;&#257;la. (<span>624</span>) I besought him to free me,
+for I was on the way to my beloved, but he said he had captured me for
+the young Ca&#7751;&#7693;&#257;la princess, who had heard of my gifts.
+With horror I heard that I, the son of Lakshm&#299; and of a great
+saint, must dwell with a tribe shunned even by barbarians;
+(<span>625</span>) but when I urged that he could set me free without
+danger, for none would see him, he laughed, and replied: &lsquo;He, for
+whom there exist not the five guardians of the world,<a class="noteref"
+id="xd21e5058src" href="#xd21e5058" name="xd21e5058src">13</a>
+witnesses of right and wrong, dwelling within his own body to behold
+his actions, will not do his duty for fear of any other being.&rsquo;
+(<span>626</span>) So he carried me off, and as I looked out in hope of
+getting free from him, I beheld the barbarian settlement, a very
+market-place of evil deeds. It was surrounded on all sides by boys
+engaged in the chase, unleashing their hounds, teaching their falcons,
+mending snares, carrying weapons, and fishing, horrible in their
+attire, like demoniacs. Here and there the entrance to their dwellings,
+hidden by thick bamboo forests, was to be inferred, from the rising of
+smoke of orpiment. On all sides the enclosures were made with skulls;
+(<span>627</span>) the dustheaps in the roads were filled with bones;
+the yards of the huts were miry with blood, fat, and meat chopped up.
+The life there consisted of hunting; the food, of flesh; the ointment,
+of fat; the garments, of coarse silk; the couches, of dried skins; the
+household attendants, of dogs; the animals for riding, of cows; the
+men&rsquo;s employment, of wine and women; the <span class=
+"pagenum">[<a id="pb205" href="#pb205" name=
+"pb205">205</a>]</span>oblation to the gods, of blood; the sacrifice,
+of cattle. The place was the image of all hells. (<span>628</span>)
+Then the man brought me to the Ca&#7751;&#7693;&#257;la maiden, who
+received me gladly, and placed me in a cage, saying: &lsquo;I will take
+from thee all thy wilfulness.&rsquo; What was I to do? Were I to pray
+her to release me, it was my power of speech that had made her desire
+me; were I silent, anger might make her cruel; (<span class="corr" id=
+"xd21e5076" title="Source: 729">629</span>) still, it was my want of
+self-restraint that had caused all my misery, and so I resolved to
+restrain all my senses, and I therefore kept entire silence and refused
+all food.</p>
+<p>Next day, however, the maiden brought fruits and water, and when I
+did not touch them she said tenderly: &lsquo;It is unnatural for birds
+and beasts to refuse food when hungry. If thou, mindful of a former
+birth, makest distinction of what may or may not be eaten, yet thou art
+now born as an animal, and canst keep no such distinction.
+(<span>630</span>) There is no sin in acting in accordance with the
+state to which thy past deeds have brought thee. Nay, even for those
+who have a law concerning food, it is lawful, in a time of distress, to
+eat food not meet for them, in order to preserve life. Much more, then,
+for thee. Nor needst thou fear this food as coming from our caste; for
+fruit may be accepted even from us; and water, even from our vessels,
+is pure, so men say, when it falls on the ground.&rsquo; I, wondering
+at her wisdom, partook of food, but still kept silence.</p>
+<p>&lsquo;After some time, when I had grown up, I woke one day to find
+myself in this golden cage, and beheld the Ca&#7751;&#7693;&#257;la
+maiden as thou, O king, hast seen her. (<span>631</span>) The whole
+barbarian settlement shewed like a city of the gods, and before I could
+ask what it all meant, the maiden brought me to thy feet. But who she
+is and why she has become a Ca&#7751;&#7693;&#257;la, and why I am
+bound or brought hither, I am as eager as thou, O king, to
+learn.&rsquo;</p>
+<p>Thereupon the king, in great amazement, sent for the maiden, and
+she, entering, overawed the king with her majesty, and said with
+dignity: &lsquo;Thou gem of earth, lord <span class="pagenum">[<a id=
+"pb206" href="#pb206" name="pb206">206</a>]</span>of Rohi&#7751;&#299;,
+joy of K&#257;dambar&#299;&rsquo;s eyes&mdash;thou, O moon, hast heard
+the story of thy past birth, and that of this foolish being. Thou
+knowest from him how even in this birth he disregarded his
+father&rsquo;s command, and set off to seek his bride. Now I am
+Lakshm&#299;, his mother, and his father, seeing by divine insight that
+he had started, bade me keep him in safety till the religious rite for
+him was completed, and lead him to repentance. (<span>632</span>) The
+rite is now over. The end of the curse is at hand. I brought him to
+thee that thou mightest rejoice with him thereat. I became a
+Ca&#7751;&#7693;&#257;la to avoid contact with mankind. Do ye both
+therefore, straightway leave bodies beset with the ills of birth, old
+age, pain, and death, and win the joy of union with your
+beloved.&rsquo; So saying, she suddenly rose to the sky, followed by
+the gaze of all the people, while the firmament rang with her tinkling
+anklets. The king, at her words, remembered his former birth and said:
+&lsquo;Dear Pu&#7751;&#7693;ar&#299;ka, now called
+Vai&ccedil;amp&#257;yana, happy is it that the curse comes to an end at
+the same moment for us both&rsquo;; but while he spoke, Love drew his
+bow, taking K&#257;dambar&#299; as his best weapon, and entered into
+the king&rsquo;s heart to destroy his life. (<span>635</span>) The
+flame of love wholly consumed him, and from longing for
+Mah&#257;&ccedil;vet&#257;, Vai&ccedil;amp&#257;yana, who was in truth
+Pu&#7751;&#7693;ar&#299;ka, endured the same sufferings as the
+king.</p>
+<p>Now at this time there set in the fragrant season of spring, as if
+to burn him utterly, (<span>636</span>) and while it intoxicated all
+living beings, it was used by Love as his strongest shaft to bewilder
+the heart of K&#257;dambar&#299;. On K&#257;ma&rsquo;s festival she
+passed the day with great difficulty, and at twilight, when the
+quarters were growing dark, she bathed, worshipped K&#257;ma, and
+placed before him the body of <span class="corr" id="xd21e5104" title=
+"Source: Candr&#257;p&#299;da">Candr&#257;p&#299;&#7693;a</span>,
+washed, anointed with musk-scented sandal, and decked with flowers.
+(<span>637</span>) Filled with a deep longing, she drew nigh, as if
+unconsciously and suddenly, bereft by love of a woman&rsquo;s native
+timidity, she could no longer restrain herself, and clasped
+Candr&#257;p&#299;&#7693;a&rsquo;s neck as though he were yet alive. At
+her ambrosial embrace the prince&rsquo;s life came back to him, and,
+clasping her closely, like one <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb207"
+href="#pb207" name="pb207">207</a>]</span>awakened from sleep
+(<span>638</span>), he gladdened her by saying: &lsquo;Timid one, away
+with fear! Thine embrace hath brought me to life; for thou art born of
+the Apsaras race sprung from nectar, and it was but the curse that
+prevented thy touch from reviving me before. I have now left the mortal
+shape of &Ccedil;&#363;draka, that caused the pain of separation from
+thee; but this body I kept, because it won thy love. Now both this
+world and the moon are bound to thy feet. Vai&ccedil;amp&#257;yana,
+too, the beloved of thy friend Mah&#257;&ccedil;vet&#257;, has been
+freed from the curse with me.&rsquo; While the moon, hidden in the
+shape of Candr&#257;p&#299;&#7693;a, thus spoke,
+Pu&#7751;&#7693;ar&#299;ka descended from the sky, pale, wearing still
+the row of pearls given by Mah&#257;&ccedil;vet&#257;, and holding the
+hand of Kapi&ntilde;jala. (<span>639</span>) Gladly K&#257;dambar&#299;
+hastened to tell Mah&#257;&ccedil;vet&#257; of her lover&rsquo;s
+return, while Candr&#257;p&#299;&#7693;a said: &lsquo;Dear
+Pu&#7751;&#7693;ar&#299;ka, though in an earlier birth thou wast my
+son-in-law,<a class="noteref" id="xd21e5119src" href="#xd21e5119" name=
+"xd21e5119src">14</a> thou must now be my friend, as in our last
+birth.&rsquo; Meanwhile, Key&#363;raka set off to Hemak&#363;&#7789;a
+to tell Ham&#803;sa and Citraratha, and Madalekh&#257; fell at the feet
+of T&#257;r&#257;p&#299;&#7693;a, who was absorbed in prayer to
+&Ccedil;iva, Vanquisher of Death, and Vil&#257;savat&#299;, and told
+them the glad tidings. (<span>640</span>) Then the aged king came,
+leaning on &Ccedil;ukan&#257;sa, with the queen and Manoram&#257;, and
+great was the joy of all. Kapi&ntilde;jala too brought a message to
+&Ccedil;ukan&#257;sa from &Ccedil;vetakatu, saying:
+&lsquo;Pu&#7751;&#7693;ar&#299;ka was but brought up by me; but he is
+thy son, and loves thee; do thou therefore keep him from ill, and care
+for him as thine own. (<span>641</span>) I have placed in him my own
+life, and he will live as long as the moon; so that my desires are
+fulfilled. The divine spirit of life in me now yearns to reach a region
+surpassing the world of gods.&rsquo; That night passed in talk of their
+former birth; and next day the two Gandharva kings came with their
+queens, and the festivities were increased a thousandfold. Citraratha,
+however, said: &lsquo;Why, when we have palaces of our own, do we feast
+in the forest? Moreover, though marriage resting only on mutual love is
+lawful <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb208" href="#pb208" name=
+"pb208">208</a>]</span>among us,<a class="noteref" id="n232.1src" href=
+"#n232.1" name="n232.1src">15</a> yet let us follow the custom of the
+world.&rsquo; &lsquo;Nay,&rsquo; replied T&#257;r&#257;p&#299;&#7693;a.
+&lsquo;Where a man hath known his greatest happiness, there is his
+home, even if it be the forest.<a class="pseudonoteref" href=
+"#n232.1">15</a> (<span>642</span>) And where else have I known such
+joy as here?<a class="noteref" id="xd21e5143src" href="#xd21e5143"
+name="xd21e5143src">16</a> All my palaces, too, have been given over to
+thy son-in-law; take my son, therefore, with his bride, and taste the
+joys of home.&rsquo; Then Citraratha went with
+Candr&#257;p&#299;&#7693;a to Hemak&#363;&#7789;a, and offered him his
+whole kingdom with the hand of K&#257;dambar&#299;. Ham&#803;sa did the
+same to Pu&#7751;&#7693;ar&#299;ka; but both refused to accept
+anything, for their longings were satisfied with winning the brides
+dear to their hearts.</p>
+<p>Now, one day K&#257;dambar&#299;, though her joy was complete, asked
+her husband with tears: &lsquo;How is it that when we all have died and
+come to life, and have been united with each other, Patralekh&#257;
+alone is not here, nor do we know what has become of her?&rsquo;
+&lsquo;How could she be here, my beloved?&rsquo; replied the prince
+tenderly. &lsquo;For she is my wife Rohi&#7751;&#299;, and, when she
+heard I was cursed, grieving for my grief, she refused to leave me
+alone in the world of mortals, and though I sought to dissuade her, she
+accepted birth in that world even before me, that she might wait upon
+me. (<span>643</span>) When I entered on another birth, she again
+wished to descend to earth; but I sent her back to the world of the
+moon. There thou wilt again behold her.&rsquo; But K&#257;dambar&#299;,
+in wonder at Rohi&#7751;&#299;&rsquo;s nobility, tenderness, loftiness
+of soul, devotion, and charm, was abashed, and could not utter a
+word.</p>
+<p>The ten nights that Candr&#257;p&#299;&#7693;a spent at
+Hemak&#363;&#7789;a passed as swiftly as one day; and then, dismissed
+by Citraratha and Madir&#257;, who were wholly content with him, he
+approached the feet of his father. There he bestowed on the chieftains
+who had shared his sufferings a condition like his own, and laying on
+Pu&#7751;&#7693;ar&#299;ka the burden of government, followed the steps
+of his parents, who had given up all earthly duties. Sometimes from
+love of his <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb209" href="#pb209" name=
+"pb209">209</a>]</span>native land, he would dwell in Ujjayin&#299;,
+where the citizens gazed at him with wide, wondering eyes; sometimes,
+from respect to the Gandharva king, at Hemak&#363;&#7789;a, beautiful
+beyond compare; sometimes, from reverence to Rohi&#7751;&#299;, in the
+world of the moon, where every place was charming from the coolness and
+fragrance of nectar; sometimes, from love to
+Pu&#7751;&#7693;ar&#299;ka, by the lake where Lakshm&#299; dwelt, on
+which the lotuses ever blossomed night and day, and often, to please
+K&#257;dambar&#299;, in many another fair spot.</p>
+<p>With K&#257;dambar&#299; he enjoyed many a pleasure, to which the
+yearning of two births gave an ever fresh<a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e5168src" href="#xd21e5168" name="xd21e5168src">17</a> and
+inexhaustible delight. Nor did the Moon rejoice alone with
+K&#257;dambar&#299;, nor she with Mah&#257;&ccedil;vet&#257;, but
+Mah&#257;&ccedil;vet&#257; with Pu&#7751;&#7693;ar&#299;ka, and
+Pu&#7751;&#7693;ar&#299;ka with the Moon, all spent an eternity of joy
+in each other&rsquo;s company, and reached the very pinnacle of
+happiness. <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb210" href="#pb210" name=
+"pb210">210</a>]</span></p>
+</div>
+<div class="footnotes">
+<hr class="fnsep">
+<p class="footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e4500" href="#xd21e4500src" name="xd21e4500">1</a></span> Or,
+&lsquo;wine.&rsquo;</p>
+<p class="footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e4510" href="#xd21e4510src" name="xd21e4510">2</a></span>
+Bh&#363;sha&#7751;abha&#7789;&#7789;a, after these introductory lines,
+continues Patralekh&#257;&rsquo;s account of
+K&#257;dambar&#299;&rsquo;s speech, and completes the story.</p>
+<p class="footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e4531" href="#xd21e4531src" name="xd21e4531">3</a></span>
+<i>I.e.</i>, Patralekh&#257;.</p>
+<p class="footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e4608" href="#xd21e4608src" name="xd21e4608">4</a></span>
+Literally, &lsquo;that forest of creepers, <i>sc.</i>
+maidens.&rsquo;</p>
+<p class="footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e4632" href="#xd21e4632src" name="xd21e4632">5</a></span> So
+commentary.</p>
+<p class="footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e4916" href="#xd21e4916src" name="xd21e4916">6</a></span>
+Avant&#299; is the province of which Ujjayin&#299; is the capital. For
+the Divine Mothers, <i>V. supra</i>, p. 56.</p>
+<p class="footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e4958" href="#xd21e4958src" name="xd21e4958">7</a></span> <i>V.
+supra</i>, pp. 19, 20, 47.</p>
+<p class="footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e4963" href="#xd21e4963src" name="xd21e4963">8</a></span> A king
+of the solar race.</p>
+<p class="footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e4966" href="#xd21e4966src" name="xd21e4966">9</a></span> <i>V.
+supra</i>, p. 6.</p>
+<p class="footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e4972" href="#xd21e4972src" name="xd21e4972">10</a></span> Read
+<i lang="sa-latn">ash&#7789;&#257;n&#257;m api
+Vas&#363;n&#257;m</i>.</p>
+<p class="footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e4993" href="#xd21e4993src" name="xd21e4993">11</a></span> The
+commentary says &lsquo;mother&rsquo; is said to a daughter-in-law, just
+as <i>t&#257;ta</i>, &lsquo;father,&rsquo; is said to a son.</p>
+<p class="footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e5013" href="#xd21e5013src" name="xd21e5013">12</a></span> The
+parrot&rsquo;s own history is now continued from p. 47.</p>
+<p class="footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e5058" href="#xd21e5058src" name="xd21e5058">13</a></span> The
+commentary explains these as Indra, Yama, Varu&#7751;a, Soma and
+Kuvera. The Calcutta translation apparently translates a reading
+<i>mah&#257;bh&#363;t&#257;ni</i>.</p>
+<p class="footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e5119" href="#xd21e5119src" name="xd21e5119">14</a></span> As the
+betrothed of Mah&#257;&ccedil;vet&#257;, who was of the moon-race of
+Apsarases.</p>
+<p class="footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id="n232.1"
+href="#n232.1src" name="n232.1">15</a></span> For g&#257;ndharva
+marriage, <i>v.</i> Manu., iii. 32.</p>
+<p class="footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e5143" href="#xd21e5143src" name="xd21e5143">16</a></span>
+<i>Cf.</i> M. Arnold:</p>
+<div class="q">
+<div class="body">
+<div class="lgouter footnote">
+<p class="line">&lsquo;Ah, where the spirit its highest life hath
+led,</p>
+<p class="line">All spots, match&rsquo;d with that spot, are less
+divine.&rsquo;</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+</div>
+<p class="footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e5168" href="#xd21e5168src" name="xd21e5168">17</a></span>
+<i>Apunarukta</i>, &lsquo;without tautology.&rsquo;</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="back">
+<div class="div1 appendix">
+<div class="divHead">
+<h2 class="main">APPENDIX.</h2>
+<div class="div2 section">
+<div class="divHead">
+<h3 class="main">DESCRIPTION OF UJJAYIN&#298;.</h3>
+</div>
+<div class="divBody">
+<p class="first">(<span>102</span>) There is a town by name
+Ujjayin&#299;, the proudest gem of the three worlds, the very
+birthplace of the golden age, created by the blessed
+Mah&#257;k&#257;la,<a class="noteref" id="xd21e5186src" href=
+"#xd21e5186" name="xd21e5186src">1</a> Lord of Pramathas,<a class=
+"noteref" id="xd21e5189src" href="#xd21e5189" name="xd21e5189src">2</a>
+Creator, Preserver and Destroyer of the Universe, as a habitation meet
+for himself, like a second earth. It is encompassed by a moat deep as
+hell&mdash;as by the ocean, mistaking it for another earth&mdash;and
+surrounded by fenced walls, white with plaster, like Kail&#257;sa, with
+its many points showing clear against the sky, through joy at being the
+dwelling of &Ccedil;iva.</p>
+<p>It is adorned with large bazaars, like the oceans when their waters
+were drunk by Agastya, stretching far, with gold-dust for sand, with
+conch and oyster pearls, coral and emeralds laid bare. The painted
+halls that deck it are filled with gods, demons, Siddhas,<a class=
+"noteref" id="xd21e5194src" href="#xd21e5194" name="xd21e5194src">3</a>
+Gandharvas, genii, and snakes, (<span>103</span>) and show like a row
+of heavenly chariots come down from the sky to behold fair women at
+ceaseless festivals. Its crossways shine with temples like Mandara
+whitened by the milk raised up by the churning stick, with spotless
+golden vases for peaks, and white banners stirred by the breeze like
+the peaks of Him&#257;laya with the heavenly Ganges falling on them.
+Commons gray with ketak&#299; pollen, dark with green gardens, watered
+by buckets constantly at work, and having wells adorned with brick
+seats, lend their charm. Its groves are darkened by bees vocal with
+honey draughts, its breeze laden with the sweetness of <span class=
+"pagenum">[<a id="pb211" href="#pb211" name=
+"pb211">211</a>]</span>creeper flowers, all trembling. It pays open
+honour to K&#257;ma, with banners marked with the fish on the
+house-poles, with bells ringing merrily, with crimson pennons of silk,
+and red cowries steady, made of coral, standing upright in every house.
+Its sin is washed away by the perpetual recitation of sacred books.
+(<span>104</span>) It resounds with the cry of the peacocks, intent on
+a wild dance with their tails outspread from excitement in the
+bathing-houses, wherein is the steady, deep sound of the drums, and a
+storm caused by the heavy showers of spray, and beautiful rainbows made
+by the sunbeams cast upon it. It glitters with lakes, fair with open
+blue water-lilies, with their centre white as unclosed moon-lotuses,
+beautiful in their unwavering gaze,<a class="noteref" id="xd21e5207src"
+href="#xd21e5207" name="xd21e5207src">4</a> like the thousand eyes of
+Indra. It is whitened with ivory turrets on all sides, endowed with
+plantain groves, white as flecks of ambrosial foam. It is girt with the
+river Sipr&#257;, which seems to purify the sky, with its waves forming
+a ceaseless frown, as though jealously beholding the river of heaven on
+the head of &Ccedil;iva, while its waters sway over the rounded forms
+of the M&#257;lav&#299;s, wild with the sweetness of youth.</p>
+<p>The light-hearted race that dwell there, like the moon on the locks
+of &Ccedil;iva, spread their glory<a class="noteref" id="xd21e5212src"
+href="#xd21e5212" name="xd21e5212src">5</a> through all the earth, and
+have their horn filled with plenty;<a class="noteref" id="xd21e5215src"
+href="#xd21e5215" name="xd21e5215src">6</a> like Main&#257;ka, they
+have known no <i>pakshap&#257;ta</i>;<a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e5227src" href="#xd21e5227" name="xd21e5227src">7</a> like the
+stream of the heavenly Ganges, with its golden lotuses, their heaps of
+gold and rubies<a class="noteref" id="xd21e5236src" href="#xd21e5236"
+name="xd21e5236src">8</a> shine forth; like the law-books, they order
+the making of water-works, bridges, temples, pleasure-grounds, wells,
+hostels for novices, wayside sheds for watering cattle, and halls of
+assembly; like Mandara, they have the best treasures of ocean drawn up
+for them; though they have charms against poison,<a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e5243src" href="#xd21e5243" name="xd21e5243src">9</a> yet they
+fear snakes;<a class="noteref" id="xd21e5246src" href="#xd21e5246"
+name="xd21e5246src">10</a> though they live on the wicked,<a class=
+"noteref" id="xd21e5249src" href="#xd21e5249" name=
+"xd21e5249src">11</a> they give their best to the good; <span class=
+"pagenum">[<a id="pb212" href="#pb212" name=
+"pb212">212</a>]</span>though bold, they are very courteous; though
+pleasant of speech, they are truthful; though handsome,<a class=
+"noteref" id="xd21e5254src" href="#xd21e5254" name=
+"xd21e5254src">12</a> content with their wives; though they invite the
+entrance of guests, they know not how to ask a boon; though they seek
+love and wealth, they are strictly just; though virtuous, they fear
+another world.<a class="noteref" id="xd21e5257src" href="#xd21e5257"
+name="xd21e5257src">13</a> They are connoisseurs in all arts,
+pleasant<a class="noteref" id="xd21e5261src" href="#xd21e5261" name=
+"xd21e5261src">14</a> and intelligent. They talk merrily, are charming
+in their humour, spotless in their attire, (<span>106</span>) skilled
+in foreign languages, clever at subtleties of speech,<a class="noteref"
+id="xd21e5267src" href="#xd21e5267" name="xd21e5267src">15</a> versed
+in stories of all kinds,<a class="noteref" id="xd21e5272src" href=
+"#xd21e5272" name="xd21e5272src">16</a> accomplished in letters, having
+a keen delight in the Mah&#257;bh&#257;rata, Pur&#257;&#7751;as, and
+R&#257;m&#257;ya&#7751;a, familiar with the B&#7771;ihatkath&#257;,
+masters of the whole circle of arts, especially gambling, lovers of the
+&ccedil;&#257;stras, devoted to light literature, calm as a fragrant
+spring breeze, constantly going to the south;<a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e5277src" href="#xd21e5277" name="xd21e5277src">17</a>
+upright,<a class="noteref" id="xd21e5280src" href="#xd21e5280" name=
+"xd21e5280src">18</a> like the wood of Him&#257;laya; skilled in the
+worship of R&#257;ma,<a class="noteref" id="xd21e5284src" href=
+"#xd21e5284" name="xd21e5284src">19</a> like Lakshma&#7751;a; open
+lovers of Bharata, like &Ccedil;atrughna;<a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e5287src" href="#xd21e5287" name="xd21e5287src">20</a> like the
+day, following the sun;<a class="noteref" id="xd21e5290src" href=
+"#xd21e5290" name="xd21e5290src">21</a> like a Buddhist, bold in saying
+&lsquo;Yes&rsquo; about all kinds of gifts;<a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e5293src" href="#xd21e5293" name="xd21e5293src">22</a> like the
+doctrine of the S&#257;m&#803;khy&#257; philosophy, possessed of noble
+men;<a class="noteref" id="xd21e5296src" href="#xd21e5296" name=
+"xd21e5296src">23</a> like Jinadharma, pitiful to life.</p>
+<p>The city seems possessed of rocks, with its palaces; it stretches
+like a suburb with its long houses; it is like the tree that grants
+desires with its good citizens; it bears in its painted halls the
+mirror of all forms. Like twilight, it shines with the redness of
+rubies;<a class="noteref" id="xd21e5301src" href="#xd21e5301" name=
+"xd21e5301src">24</a> (<span>107</span>) like the form of the Lord of
+Heaven, it is purified with the smoke of a hundred sacrifices; like the
+wild dance of &Ccedil;iva, it has the smiles, which are its white
+markets;<a class="noteref" id="xd21e5307src" href="#xd21e5307" name=
+"xd21e5307src">25</a> like an old woman, it has its beauty
+worn;<a class="noteref" id="xd21e5310src" href="#xd21e5310" name=
+"xd21e5310src">26</a> like the form of Garu&#7693;a, it is <span class=
+"pagenum">[<a id="pb213" href="#pb213" name=
+"pb213">213</a>]</span>pleasing in being the resting-place of
+Vish&#7751;u;<a class="noteref" id="xd21e5316src" href="#xd21e5316"
+name="xd21e5316src">27</a> like the hour of dawn, it has its people all
+alert; like the home of a mountaineer, it has palaces in which ivory
+cowries<a class="noteref" id="xd21e5319src" href="#xd21e5319" name=
+"xd21e5319src">28</a> are hanging; like the form of
+&Ccedil;esha,<a class="noteref" id="xd21e5322src" href="#xd21e5322"
+name="xd21e5322src">29</a> it always bears the world; like the hour of
+churning the ocean, it fills the end of the earth with its
+hubbub;<a class="noteref" id="xd21e5325src" href="#xd21e5325" name=
+"xd21e5325src">30</a> like the rite of inauguration, it has a thousand
+gold pitchers<a class="noteref" id="xd21e5328src" href="#xd21e5328"
+name="xd21e5328src">31</a> at hand; like Gaur&#299;, it has a form fit
+to sit on the lion-throne; like Aditi, honoured in a hundred houses of
+the gods; like the sports of Mah&#257;var&#257;ha, showing the casting
+down of Hira&#7751;y&#257;ksha;<a class="noteref" id="xd21e5331src"
+href="#xd21e5331" name="xd21e5331src">32</a> like Kadr&#363;, it is a
+joy to the race of reptiles;<a class="noteref" id="xd21e5341src" href=
+"#xd21e5341" name="xd21e5341src">33</a> like the
+Harivam&#803;&ccedil;a, it is charming with the games of many
+children.<a class="noteref" id="xd21e5344src" href="#xd21e5344" name=
+"xd21e5344src">34</a> (<span>108</span>) Though its courts are open to
+all, its glory is uninjured;<a class="noteref" id="xd21e5350src" href=
+"#xd21e5350" name="xd21e5350src">35</a> though it glows with
+colour,<a class="noteref" id="xd21e5353src" href="#xd21e5353" name=
+"xd21e5353src">36</a> it is white as nectar; though it is hung with
+strings of pearls, yet when unadorned<a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e5356src" href="#xd21e5356" name="xd21e5356src">37</a> it is
+adorned the most; though composed of many elements,<a class="noteref"
+id="xd21e5368src" href="#xd21e5368" name="xd21e5368src">38</a> it is
+yet stable, and it surpasses in splendour the world of the
+immortals.</p>
+<p>There the sun is daily seen paying homage to Mah&#257;k&#257;la, for
+his steeds vail their heads at the charm of the sweet chant of the
+women singing in concert in the lofty white palaces, and his pennon
+droops before him. There his rays fall on the vermeil floors like the
+crimson of eve; and on the emerald seats, as though busy in creating
+lotus beds; on the lapis-lazuli, as though scattered on the sky; on the
+circling aloe smoke, as though eager to break its dense gloom; on the
+wreaths of pearl, as though disdaining the clusters of stars;
+(<span>109</span>) on the women&rsquo;s faces, as though kissing
+unfolding lotuses; on the splendour of crystal walls, as though falling
+amid the pale moonlight of morning; <span class="pagenum">[<a id=
+"pb214" href="#pb214" name="pb214">214</a>]</span>on the white silken
+banners, as though hanging on the waves of the heavenly Ganges; on the
+sun-gems, as though blossoming from them; on the sapphire lattices, as
+though entering the jaws of R&#257;hu. There darkness never falls, and
+the nights bring no separation to the pairs of cakrav&#257;kas; nor
+need they any lamps, for they pass golden as with morning sunshine,
+from the bright jewels of women, as though the world were on fire with
+the flame of love. There, though &Ccedil;iva is at hand, the cry of the
+ham&#803;sas in the houses, arising sweet and ceaseless, at the
+kindling of love, fills the city with music, like the mourning of Rati
+for the burning of the God of Love. There the palaces stretch forth
+their flags, whose silken fringes gleam and flutter at night in the
+wind, like arms to remove the mark of the moon put to shame by the fair
+lotus-faced M&#257;lav&#299;s. (<span>110</span>) There the moon,
+deer-marked, moves, in the guise of his reflection, on the jewel
+pavement, cool with the sprinkling of much sandal-water, as though he
+had fallen captive to Love at the sight of the faces of the fair city
+dames resting on the palace roofs. There the auspicious songs of dawn
+raised by the company of caged parrots and starlings, though they sing
+their shrillest, as they wake at night&rsquo;s close, are drowned and
+rendered vain by the tinkling of women&rsquo;s ornaments, reaching far,
+and outvying the ambrosial voices of the tame cranes.<a class="noteref"
+id="xd21e5381src" href="#xd21e5381" name="xd21e5381src">39</a>
+(<span>111</span>) There dwells &Ccedil;iva, who has pierced the demon
+Andhaka with his sharp trident, who has a piece of the moon on his brow
+polished by the points of Gaur&#299;&rsquo;s anklets, whose cosmetic is
+the dust of Tripura, and whose feet are honoured by many bracelets
+fallen from Rati&rsquo;s outstretched arms as she pacifies him when
+bereft of K&#257;ma.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="div2 section">
+<div class="divHead">
+<h3 class="main">DESCRIPTION OF T&#256;R&#256;P&#298;&#7692;A.<a class=
+"noteref" id="xd21e5390src" href="#xd21e5390" name=
+"xd21e5390src">40</a></h3>
+</div>
+<div class="divBody">
+<p class="first">(<span>112</span>) Like hell, he was the refuge of the
+lords of earth,<a class="noteref" id="xd21e5397src" href="#xd21e5397"
+name="xd21e5397src">41</a> fearing when their soaring pride was
+shorn;<a class="noteref" id="xd21e5409src" href="#xd21e5409" name=
+"xd21e5409src">42</a> like the stars, he was followed by the wise
+men;<a class="noteref" id="xd21e5412src" href="#xd21e5412" name=
+"xd21e5412src">43</a> like Love, he destroyed <span class=
+"pagenum">[<a id="pb215" href="#pb215" name=
+"pb215">215</a>]</span>strife;<a class="noteref" id="xd21e5418src"
+href="#xd21e5418" name="xd21e5418src">44</a> like Da&ccedil;aratha, he
+had good friends;<a class="noteref" id="xd21e5421src" href="#xd21e5421"
+name="xd21e5421src">45</a> (<span>113</span>) like &Ccedil;iva, he was
+followed by a mighty host;<a class="noteref" id="xd21e5427src" href=
+"#xd21e5427" name="xd21e5427src">46</a> like &Ccedil;esha, he had the
+weight of the earth upon him;<a class="noteref" id="xd21e5433src" href=
+"#xd21e5433" name="xd21e5433src">47</a> like the stream of
+Narmad&#257;, his descent was from a noble tree.<a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e5436src" href="#xd21e5436" name="xd21e5436src">48</a> He was the
+incarnation of Justice, the very representative of Vish&#7751;u, the
+destroyer of all the sorrows of his people. He re-established justice,
+which had been shaken to its foundations by the Kali Age, set on
+iniquity, and mantled in gloom by the spread of darkness, just as
+&Ccedil;iva re-established Kail&#257;sa when carried off by
+R&#257;va&#7751;a. He was honoured by the world as a second K&#257;ma,
+created by &Ccedil;iva when his heart was softened by the lamentations
+of Rati.</p>
+<p>(113&ndash;115) Before him bowed conquered kings with eyes whose
+pupils were tremulous and quivering from fear, with the bands of the
+wreaths on their crest ornaments caught by the rays of his feet, and
+with the line of their heads broken by the lotus-buds held up in
+adoration. They came from the Mount of Sunrise,<a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e5447src" href="#xd21e5447" name="xd21e5447src">49</a> which has
+its girdle washed by the ocean waves, where the flowers on the trees of
+its slopes are doubled by stars wandering among the leaves, where the
+sandal-wood is wet with the drops of ambrosia that fall from the moon
+as it rises, where the clove-trees<a class="noteref" id="xd21e5452src"
+href="#xd21e5452" name="xd21e5452src">50</a> blossom when pierced by
+the hoofs of the horses of the sun&rsquo;s chariot, where the leaves
+and shoots of the olibanum-trees are cut by the trunk of the elephant
+Air&#257;vata; (<span>114</span>) from Setubandha, built with a
+thousand mountains seized by the hand of Nala,<a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e5461src" href="#xd21e5461" name="xd21e5461src">51</a> where the
+fruit on the laval&#299;-trees is carried off by monkeys, where the
+feet of R&#257;ma are worshipped by the water-deities coming up from
+the sea, and where the rock is starred with pieces of shell broken by
+the fall of the mountain; from Mandara, where the stars are washed by
+the waters of pure waterfalls, where the stones are polished by the
+rubbing of the edge of the fish ornament <span class="pagenum">[<a id=
+"pb216" href="#pb216" name="pb216">216</a>]</span>of
+K&#7771;ish&#7751;a rising at the churning of ambrosia, where the
+slopes are torn by the weight of the feet moving in the effort of
+drawing hither and thither V&#257;suki coiled in the struggles of Gods
+and demons, where the peaks are sprinkled with ambrosial spray; from
+Gandham&#257;dana, beautiful with the hermitage of Badarik&#257; marked
+with the footprints of Nara and N&#257;r&#257;ya&#7751;a, where the
+peaks are resonant with the tinkling of the ornaments of the fair dames
+of Kuvera&rsquo;s city, where the water of the streams is purified by
+the evening worship of the Seven &#7770;ishis, and where the land
+around is perfumed by the fragments of lotuses torn up by
+Bh&#299;ma.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="div2 section">
+<div class="divHead">
+<h3 class="main">CANDR&#256;P&#298;&#7692;A&rsquo;S ENTRY INTO THE
+PALACE.</h3>
+</div>
+<div class="divBody">
+<p class="first">(<span>188</span>) Preceded by groups of chamberlains,
+hastening up and bowing, he received the respectful homage of the
+kings, who had already taken their position there, who came forward on
+all sides, who had the ground kissed by the rays of the crest-jewels
+loosened from their crests and thrown afar, and who were introduced one
+by one by the chamberlains; at every step he had auspicious words for
+his dismounting uttered by old women of the zenana, who had come out
+from inside, and were skilled in old customs; having passed through the
+seven inner courts crowded with thousands of different living beings,
+as if they were different worlds, he beheld his father. The king was
+stationed within, surrounded by a body-guard whose hands were stained
+black by ceaseless grasping of weapons, who had their bodies, with the
+exception of hands, feet, and eyes, covered with dark iron coats of
+mail, (<span>189</span>) like elephant-posts covered with swarms of
+bees ceaselessly attracted by desire of the scent of ichor, hereditary
+in their office, of noble birth, faithful; whose heroism might be
+inferred from their character and gestures, and who in their energy and
+fierceness were like demons. On either side he had white cowries
+ceaselessly waved by his women; and he sat on a couch white as a wild
+goose, and bright as a fair island, as if he were the heavenly elephant
+on the water of Ganges. <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb217" href=
+"#pb217" name="pb217">217</a>]</span></p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="div2 section">
+<div class="divHead">
+<h3 class="main">VIL&#256;SAVAT&#298;&rsquo;S ATTENDANTS.</h3>
+</div>
+<div class="divBody">
+<p class="first">(<span>190</span>) Approaching his mother, he saluted
+her. She was surrounded by countless zenana attendants in white
+jackets, like &Ccedil;r&#299; with the waves of milk, and was having
+her time wiled away by elderly ascetic women, very calm in aspect,
+wearing tawny robes, like twilight in its clouds, worthy of honour from
+all the world, with the lobes of their ears long, knowing many stories,
+relating holy tales of old, reciting legends, holding books, and giving
+instructions about righteousness. (<span>191</span>) She was attended
+by eunuchs using the speech and dress of women, and wearing strange
+decorations; she had a mass of cowries constantly waved around her, and
+was waited upon by a bevy of women seated around her, bearing clothes,
+jewels, flowers, perfumes, betel, fans, unguents, and golden jars; she
+had strings of pearls resting on her bosom, as the earth has the stream
+of Ganges flowing in the midst of mountains, and the reflection of her
+face fell on a mirror close by, like the sky when the moon&rsquo;s orb
+has entered into the sun.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="div2 section">
+<div class="divHead">
+<h3 class="main">&Ccedil;UKAN&#256;SA&rsquo;S PALACE.</h3>
+</div>
+<div class="divBody">
+<p class="first">(<span>192</span>) He reached
+&Ccedil;ukan&#257;sa&rsquo;s gate, which was crowded with a troop of
+elephants appointed for the watch, obstructed by thousands of horses,
+(<span>193</span>) confused with the hustling of countless multitudes,
+visited day and night by Brahmans, &Ccedil;aivas, and red-robed men
+skilled in the teaching of &Ccedil;&#257;kyamuni, clothed as it were in
+the garments of righteousness, sitting on one side by thousands,
+forming circles, coming for various purposes, eager to see
+&Ccedil;ukan&#257;sa, having their eyes opened by the ointment of their
+several &ccedil;&#257;stras, and showing their respectful devotion by
+an appearance of humility. The gateway was filled with a hundred
+thousand she-elephants of the tributary kings who had entered the
+palace with double blankets drawn round the mahouts who sat on their
+shoulders, having their mahouts asleep from weariness of their long
+waiting, some saddled and some not, nodding their heads <span class=
+"pagenum">[<a id="pb218" href="#pb218" name="pb218">218</a>]</span>from
+their long standing motionless. The prince dismounted in the outer
+court, as though he were in a royal palace, though not stopped by the
+guards standing in the entrance and running up in haste; and having
+left his horse at the entrance, leaning on Vai&ccedil;amp&#257;yana,
+and having his way shown by circles of gatekeepers, who hastened up,
+pushing away the bystanders, he received the salutes of bands of chiefs
+who arose with waving crests to do him homage, and beheld the inner
+courts with all the attendants mute in fear of the scolding of cross
+porters, and having the ground shaken by hundreds of feet of the
+retinues of neighbouring kings frightened by the moving wands,
+(<span>194</span>) and finally entered the palace of
+&Ccedil;ukan&#257;sa, bright inside with fresh plaster, as if it were a
+second royal court.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="div2 section">
+<div class="divHead">
+<h3 class="main">DESCRIPTION OF NIGHT.</h3>
+</div>
+<div class="divBody">
+<p class="first">(<span>196</span>) The brightness of day approached
+the west, following the path of the sun&rsquo;s chariot-wheels, like a
+stream of water. Day wiped away all the glow of the lotuses with the
+sun&rsquo;s orb hastening downwards like a hand roseate as fresh
+shoots. The pairs of cakrav&#257;kas, whose necks were hidden in swarms
+of bees approaching from familiarity with the scent of lotuses, were
+separated as if drawn by the noose of destiny. The sun&rsquo;s orb
+poured forth, under the guise of a rosy glow, the lotus honey-draught,
+as it were, drunk in with its rays till the end of day, as if in
+weariness of its path through the heavens. And when in turn the blessed
+sun approached another world, and was a very red lotus-earring of the
+West, when twilight shone forth with its lotus-beds opening into the
+lake of heaven, (<span>197</span>) when in the quarters of space lines
+of darkness showed clear like decorations of black aloes; when the glow
+of eve was driven out by darkness like a band of red lotuses by blue
+lotuses dark with bees; when bees slowly entered the hearts of red
+lotuses, as if they were shoots of darkness, to uproot the sunshine
+drunk in by the lotus-beds; when the evening glow had melted away, like
+the garland round the face of the Lady of night; when the oblations in
+honour of the <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb219" href="#pb219" name=
+"pb219">219</a>]</span>goddess of twilight were cast abroad in all
+quarters; when the peacock&rsquo;s poles seemed tenanted by peacocks,
+by reason of the darkness gathered round their summits, though no
+peacocks were there; when the doves, very ear-lotuses of the
+Lakshm&#299; of palaces, were roosting in the holes of the lattices;
+when the swings of the zenana had their bells dumb, and their gold
+seats motionless and bearing no fair dames; when the bands of parrots
+and mainas ceased chattering, and had their cages hung up on the
+branches of the palace mango-trees; when the lutes were banished, and
+their sound at rest in the ceasing of the concert; when the tame geese
+were quiet as the sound of the maidens&rsquo; anklets was stilled;
+(<span>198</span>) when the wild elephants had the clefts of their
+cheeks free from bees, and their ornaments of pearls, cowries, and
+shells taken away; when the lights were kindled in the stables of the
+king&rsquo;s favourite steeds; when the troops of elephants for the
+first watch were entering; when the family priests, having given their
+blessing, were departing; when the jewelled pavements, emptied almost
+of attendants on the dismissal of the king&rsquo;s suite, spread out
+wide, kissed by the reflection of a thousand lights <span class="corr"
+id="xd21e5521" title="Source: skining">shining</span> in the inner
+apartments, like offerings of golden campak-blossoms; when the palace
+tanks, with the splendours of the lamps falling on them, seemed as if
+the fresh sunlight had approached to soothe the lotus-beds grieved by
+separation from the sun; when the caged lions were heavy with sleep;
+and when Love had entered the zenana like a watchman, with arrows in
+hand and bow strung; when the words of Love&rsquo;s messenger were
+uttered in the ear, bright in tone as the blossoms in a garland; when
+the hearts of froward dames, widowed by grief, were smouldering in the
+fire transmitted to them from the sun-crystals; and when evening had
+closed in, Candr&#257;p&#299;&#7693;a ... went to the king&rsquo;s
+palace....</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="div2 section">
+<div class="divHead">
+<h3 class="main">THE REGION OF KAIL&#256;SA.</h3>
+</div>
+<div class="divBody">
+<p class="first">(<span>243</span>) The red arsenic-dust scattered by
+the elephants&rsquo; tusks crimsoned the earth. The clefts of the rock
+were <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb220" href="#pb220" name=
+"pb220">220</a>]</span>festooned with shoots of creepers, now
+separating and now uniting, hanging in twists, twining like leafage;
+the stones were wet with the ceaseless dripping of gum-trees; the
+boulders were slippery with the bitumen that oozed from the rocks. The
+slope was dusty with fragments of yellow orpiment broken by the
+mountain horses&rsquo; hoofs; powdered with gold scattered from the
+holes dug out by the claws of rats; lined by the hoofs of musk-deer and
+yaks sunk in the sand and covered with the hair of rallakas and
+ran&#775;kus fallen about; filled with pairs of partridges resting on
+the broken pieces of rock; with the mouths of its caves inhabited by
+pairs of orang-outangs; with the sweet scent of sulphur, and with
+bamboos that had grown to the length of wands of office. <span class=
+"pagenum">[<a id="pb221" href="#pb221" name="pb221">221</a>]</span></p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="div2 section">
+<div class="divHead">
+<h3 class="main">PASSAGES PRINTED IN THE APPENDIX.<a class="noteref"
+id="xd21e5538src" href="#xd21e5538" name="xd21e5538src">52</a></h3>
+</div>
+<div class="divBody">
+<p class="first"></p>
+<div class="table">
+<table>
+<tr>
+<td>102,</td>
+<td>1&mdash;110, 6</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>111,</td>
+<td>1&ndash;4</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>112,</td>
+<td>6&mdash;115, 1</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>188,</td>
+<td>4&mdash;189, 5</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>190,</td>
+<td>6&mdash;191, 5</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>192,</td>
+<td>11&mdash;194, 2</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>196,</td>
+<td>4&mdash;199, 1</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>243,</td>
+<td>4&ndash;10</td>
+</tr>
+</table>
+</div>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="div2 section">
+<div class="divHead">
+<h3 class="main">PASSAGES CONDENSED OR OMITTED.<a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e5587src" href="#xd21e5587" name="xd21e5587src">53</a></h3>
+</div>
+<div class="divBody">
+<p class="first"></p>
+<div class="table">
+<table>
+<tr>
+<td>11,</td>
+<td>7&mdash;15, 2</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>*31,</td>
+<td>10&mdash;34, 2</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>46,</td>
+<td>7&mdash;48, 4</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>81,</td>
+<td>3&ndash;10</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>83,</td>
+<td>1&ndash;8</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>85,</td>
+<td>3&mdash;89, 4</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>119,</td>
+<td>3&mdash;124, 3</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>137,</td>
+<td>7&mdash;138, 3</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>141,</td>
+<td>6&mdash;155, 5</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>162,</td>
+<td>8&mdash;164, 8</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>176,</td>
+<td>6&mdash;188, 4</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>*199,</td>
+<td>5&mdash;200, 9</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>203,</td>
+<td>2&mdash;204, 2</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>*227,</td>
+<td>4&mdash;234, 6</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>242,</td>
+<td>6&ndash;10</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>*245,</td>
+<td>4&mdash;248, 3</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>250,</td>
+<td>3&ndash;8</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>*252,</td>
+<td>7&mdash;256, 5</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>262,</td>
+<td>1&mdash;266, 3</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>276,</td>
+<td>9&mdash;277, 8</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>285,</td>
+<td>2&ndash;4</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>*346,</td>
+<td>7&mdash;348, 7</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>353,</td>
+<td>6&mdash;355, 9</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>357,</td>
+<td>1&ndash;10</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>359,</td>
+<td>12&mdash;365, 2</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>369,</td>
+<td>2&ndash;8</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>*383,</td>
+<td>6&mdash;384,9</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>388,</td>
+<td>5&mdash;390, 4</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>403,</td>
+<td>6&mdash;410, 3</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>417,</td>
+<td>1&mdash;426, 3</td>
+</tr>
+</table>
+</div>
+<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb222" href="#pb222" name=
+"pb222">222</a>]</span></p>
+</div>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="footnotes">
+<hr class="fnsep">
+<p class="footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e5186" href="#xd21e5186src" name="xd21e5186">1</a></span>
+&Ccedil;iva.</p>
+<p class="footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e5189" href="#xd21e5189src" name="xd21e5189">2</a></span> Fiends
+attendant on &Ccedil;iva.</p>
+<p class="footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e5194" href="#xd21e5194src" name="xd21e5194">3</a></span>
+<i>Vide</i> p. 98.</p>
+<p class="footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e5207" href="#xd21e5207src" name="xd21e5207">4</a></span> Or, with
+fishes.</p>
+<p class="footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e5212" href="#xd21e5212src" name="xd21e5212">5</a></span> Or,
+light.</p>
+<p class="footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e5215" href="#xd21e5215src" name="xd21e5215">6</a></span>
+Literally (<i>a</i>) whose wealth is crores of rupees; (<i>b</i>) in
+the case of the moon, &lsquo;whose essence is in its horns.&rsquo;</p>
+<p class="footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e5227" href="#xd21e5227src" name="xd21e5227">7</a></span>
+(<i>a</i>) Partizanship; (<i>b</i>) cutting of pinions. When the rest
+of the mountains lost their wings, Main&#257;ka escaped.</p>
+<p class="footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e5236" href="#xd21e5236src" name="xd21e5236">8</a></span> Or,
+<i>padma</i>, 1000 billions.</p>
+<p class="footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e5243" href="#xd21e5243src" name="xd21e5243">9</a></span> Or,
+emeralds.</p>
+<p class="footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e5246" href="#xd21e5246src" name="xd21e5246">10</a></span> Or,
+rogues.</p>
+<p class="footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e5249" href="#xd21e5249src" name="xd21e5249">11</a></span> Or,
+granaries.</p>
+<p class="footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e5254" href="#xd21e5254src" name="xd21e5254">12</a></span> Or,
+learned.</p>
+<p class="footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e5257" href="#xd21e5257src" name="xd21e5257">13</a></span> Or,
+though full of energy, they fear their enemies.</p>
+<p class="footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e5261" href="#xd21e5261src" name="xd21e5261">14</a></span> Or,
+liberal.</p>
+<p class="footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e5267" href="#xd21e5267src" name="xd21e5267">15</a></span>
+<i>V.</i> S&#257;hitya-Darpa&#7751;a, 641.</p>
+<p class="footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e5272" href="#xd21e5272src" name="xd21e5272">16</a></span>
+<i>Ibid.</i>, 568.</p>
+<p class="footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e5277" href="#xd21e5277src" name="xd21e5277">17</a></span> Or,
+offering gifts.</p>
+<p class="footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e5280" href="#xd21e5280src" name="xd21e5280">18</a></span> Or,
+containing pine-trees.</p>
+<p class="footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e5284" href="#xd21e5284src" name="xd21e5284">19</a></span> Or,
+attentive to women.</p>
+<p class="footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e5287" href="#xd21e5287src" name="xd21e5287">20</a></span> Brother
+of R&#257;ma and Bharata.</p>
+<p class="footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e5290" href="#xd21e5290src" name="xd21e5290">21</a></span> Or,
+their friends.</p>
+<p class="footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e5293" href="#xd21e5293src" name="xd21e5293">22</a></span> Or, of
+the Sarv&#257;stiv&#257;din School (a subdivision of the
+Vaibh&#257;shika Buddhists).</p>
+<p class="footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e5296" href="#xd21e5296src" name="xd21e5296">23</a></span> Or,
+matter and spirit.</p>
+<p class="footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e5301" href="#xd21e5301src" name="xd21e5301">24</a></span> Or,
+lotus-hued.</p>
+<p class="footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e5307" href="#xd21e5307src" name="xd21e5307">25</a></span> In the
+case of &Ccedil;iva, &lsquo;loud laughter, bright as nectar.&rsquo;</p>
+<p class="footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e5310" href="#xd21e5310src" name="xd21e5310">26</a></span> It has
+treasure vaults.</p>
+<p class="footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e5316" href="#xd21e5316src" name="xd21e5316">27</a></span> Or,
+keeping its covenants firm.</p>
+<p class="footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e5319" href="#xd21e5319src" name="xd21e5319">28</a></span> Or,
+houses whitened with ivory and cowries.</p>
+<p class="footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e5322" href="#xd21e5322src" name="xd21e5322">29</a></span> Or,
+having splendid mountains always at hand.</p>
+<p class="footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e5325" href="#xd21e5325src" name="xd21e5325">30</a></span> Or,
+false.</p>
+<p class="footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e5328" href="#xd21e5328src" name="xd21e5328">31</a></span> Or,
+gold pieces.</p>
+<p class="footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e5331" href="#xd21e5331src" name="xd21e5331">32</a></span>
+(<i>a</i>) Demon; (<i>b</i>) golden dice.</p>
+<p class="footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e5341" href="#xd21e5341src" name="xd21e5341">33</a></span> Or,
+rogues.</p>
+<p class="footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e5344" href="#xd21e5344src" name="xd21e5344">34</a></span> Or, the
+sporting of King B&#257;la.</p>
+<p class="footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e5350" href="#xd21e5350src" name="xd21e5350">35</a></span> Though
+the free intercourse with women is allowed, it is of irreproachable
+conduct.</p>
+<p class="footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e5353" href="#xd21e5353src" name="xd21e5353">36</a></span> Its
+castes are loved.</p>
+<p class="footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e5356" href="#xd21e5356src" name="xd21e5356">37</a></span>
+<i>Vih&#257;ra</i> (<i>a</i>) without necklaces; (<i>b</i>) having
+temples.</p>
+<p class="footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e5368" href="#xd21e5368src" name="xd21e5368">38</a></span> Having
+many citizens.</p>
+<p class="footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e5381" href="#xd21e5381src" name="xd21e5381">39</a></span> Then
+follows: &lsquo;There&mdash;demons,&rsquo; p. 47, l. 18.</p>
+<p class="footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e5390" href="#xd21e5390src" name="xd21e5390">40</a></span> Follows
+p. 48, l. 17, &lsquo;gay.&rsquo;</p>
+<p class="footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e5397" href="#xd21e5397src" name="xd21e5397">41</a></span> Read
+<i>&deg;kulaih&#803;</i>; (<i>a</i>) Kings; (<i>b</i>) mountains.</p>
+<p class="footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e5409" href="#xd21e5409src" name="xd21e5409">42</a></span> Loss of
+dependencies; or, loss of wings.</p>
+<p class="footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e5412" href="#xd21e5412src" name="xd21e5412">43</a></span> Or, by
+the star Budha.</p>
+<p class="footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e5418" href="#xd21e5418src" name="xd21e5418">44</a></span> Or, his
+body was destroyed.</p>
+<p class="footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e5421" href="#xd21e5421src" name="xd21e5421">45</a></span> Or,
+Sumitr&#257;, wife of Da&ccedil;aratha.</p>
+<p class="footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e5427" href="#xd21e5427src" name="xd21e5427">46</a></span> Or, by
+the &lsquo;Lord of Battles,&rsquo; <i>i.e.</i>, K&#257;rtikeya.</p>
+<p class="footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e5433" href="#xd21e5433src" name="xd21e5433">47</a></span> Or, was
+honoured for his patience.</p>
+<p class="footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e5436" href="#xd21e5436src" name="xd21e5436">48</a></span>
+(<i>a</i>) A great family; (<i>b</i>) a great bamboo from which the
+river is said to rise.</p>
+<p class="footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e5447" href="#xd21e5447src" name="xd21e5447">49</a></span> <i>V.
+supra</i>, p. 162.</p>
+<p class="footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e5452" href="#xd21e5452src" name="xd21e5452">50</a></span> Read
+<i>lavan&#775;ga</i>.</p>
+<p class="footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e5461" href="#xd21e5461src" name="xd21e5461">51</a></span> A
+monkey chief.</p>
+<p class="footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e5538" href="#xd21e5538src" name="xd21e5538">52</a></span> The
+figures refer to the page and line of the Nir&#7751;aya-S&#257;gara
+edition of K&#257;dambar&#299;.</p>
+<p class="footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e5587" href="#xd21e5587src" name="xd21e5587">53</a></span>
+Passages marked * are condensed, and only occasional phrases are
+translated.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="div1 index">
+<div class="divHead">
+<h2 class="main">INDEX OF PROPER NAMES AND SANSKRIT WORDS.</h2>
+<div class="transcribernote indextoc"><a href="#xd21e5751">A</a> |
+<a href="#xd21e6120">B</a> | <a href="#xd21e6436">C</a> | <a href=
+"#xd21e7205">D</a> | <a href="#xd21e7435">E</a> | <a href=
+"#xd21e7453">F</a> | <a href="#xd21e7472">G</a> | <a href=
+"#xd21e7710">H</a> | <a href="#xd21e7917">I</a> | <a href=
+"#xd21e7992">J</a> | <a href="#xd21e8066">K</a> | <a href=
+"#xd21e8691">L</a> | <a href="#xd21e8760">M</a> | <a href=
+"#xd21e9353">N</a> | <a href="#xd21e9509">P</a> | <a href=
+"#xd21e9945">R</a> | <a href="#xd21e10218">S</a> | <a href=
+"#xd21e10534">T</a> | <a href="#xd21e10837">U</a> | <a href=
+"#xd21e10942">V</a> | <a href="#xd21e11547">W</a> | <a href=
+"#xd21e11558">Y</a></div>
+<div class="div2 letter">
+<div class="divHead">
+<h3 id="xd21e5751" class="main">A.</h3>
+</div>
+<div class="divBody">
+<p class="first">Acala, a man, <a href="#pb17" class=
+"pageref">17</a></p>
+<p>Acchoda, lake, <a href="#pb.ix" class="pageref">ix</a>, <a href=
+"#pb92" class="pageref">92</a>, <a href="#pb102" class=
+"pageref">102</a>, <a href="#pb103" class="pageref">103</a>, <a href=
+"#pb108" class="pageref">108</a>, <a href="#pb112" class=
+"pageref">112</a>, <a href="#pb189" class="pageref">189</a>, <a href=
+"#pb191" class="pageref">191</a>, <a href="#pb195" class=
+"pageref">195</a>, <a href="#pb199" class="pageref">199</a></p>
+<p>A&ccedil;oka, a tree (<i>Jonesia A&ccedil;oka</i>), <a href="#pb40"
+class="pageref">40</a>, <a href="#pb43" class="pageref">43</a>,
+<a href="#pb117" class="pageref">117</a>, <a href="#pb178" class=
+"pageref">178</a> note, <a href="#pb186" class="pageref">186</a>,
+<a href="#pb194" class="pageref">194</a></p>
+<p>A&ccedil;vamedha, sacrifice, <a href="#pb138" class=
+"pageref">138</a></p>
+<p>A&ccedil;vatth&#257;man, a warrior, <a href="#pb138" class=
+"pageref">138</a></p>
+<p>Abhimanyu, a warrior, <a href="#pb137" class="pageref">137</a>,
+<a href="#pb138" class="pageref">138</a></p>
+<p>Aditi, a goddess, <a href="#pb213" class="pageref">213</a></p>
+<p>Agastya, a sage, <a href="#pb.xi" class="pageref">xi</a>, <a href=
+"#pb18" class="pageref">18</a>, <a href="#pb19" class="pageref">19</a>,
+<a href="#pb20" class="pageref">20</a>, <a href="#pb49" class=
+"pageref">49</a>, <a href="#pb210" class="pageref">210</a></p>
+<p>Aghamarsha&#7751;a, hymn, <a href="#pb38" class="pageref">38</a>,
+<a href="#pb141" class="pageref">141</a></p>
+<p>Agni, <a href="#pb.xvi" class="pageref">xvi</a>, <a href="#pb4"
+class="pageref">4</a>, <a href="#pb9" class="pageref">9</a>, <a href=
+"#pb11" class="pageref">11</a>, <a href="#pb14" class="pageref">14</a>,
+<a href="#pb35" class="pageref">35</a>, <a href="#pb41" class=
+"pageref">41</a>, <a href="#pb45" class="pageref">45</a>, <a href=
+"#pb72" class="pageref">72</a></p>
+<p>&#256;havan&#299;ya, fire, <a href="#pb40" class=
+"pageref">40</a></p>
+<p>Air&#257;vata, Indra&rsquo;s elephant, <a href="#pb5" class=
+"pageref">5</a>, <a href="#pb46" class="pageref">46</a>, <a href=
+"#pb85" class="pageref">85</a>, <a href="#pb86" class="pageref">86</a>,
+<a href="#pb96" class="pageref">96</a>, <a href="#pb109" class=
+"pageref">109</a>, <a href="#pb133" class="pageref">133</a>, <a href=
+"#pb215" class="pageref">215</a></p>
+<p>Aj&#257;ta&ccedil;atru, a king, <a href="#pb50" class=
+"pageref">50</a></p>
+<p>Akbar, <a href="#pb.xiv" class="pageref">xiv</a></p>
+<p>Alak&#257;, a city, <a href="#pb9" class="pageref">9</a></p>
+<p>Alarka, a king, <a href="#pb88" class="pageref">88</a></p>
+<p><i>Am&#7771;ita</i>, nectar, <a href="#pb8" class="pageref">8</a>,
+and <i>passim</i></p>
+<p>Anan&#775;ga, god of love, <a href="#pb66" class=
+"pageref">66</a></p>
+<p>Andhaka, a demon, <a href="#pb47" class="pageref">47</a>, <a href=
+"#pb214" class="pageref">214</a></p>
+<p><i>A&ntilde;jali</i>, the salutation of joined upraised hands,
+<a href="#pb38" class="pageref">38</a></p>
+<p><i>Anubandha</i>, <a href="#pb180" class="pageref">180</a></p>
+<p><i>Anun&#257;sika</i>, a nasal sound, <a href="#pb11" class=
+"pageref">11</a></p>
+<p>Apavaktraka, metre, <a href="#pb.xii" class="pageref">xii</a></p>
+<p>Apsarases, the, nymphs, <a href="#pb64" class="pageref">64</a>,
+<a href="#pb100" class="pageref">100</a>, <a href="#pb101" class=
+"pageref">101</a>, <a href="#pb102" class="pageref">102</a>, <a href=
+"#pb112" class="pageref">112</a>, <a href="#pb140" class=
+"pageref">140</a>, <a href="#pb207" class="pageref">207</a></p>
+<p>Arhat, <a href="#pb.xvi" class="pageref">xvi</a>, <a href="#pb162"
+class="pageref">162</a></p>
+<p>Arish&#7789;&#257;, an Apsaras, <a href="#pb102" class=
+"pageref">102</a></p>
+<p>Arjuna, a hero, <a href="#pb18" class="pageref">18</a>, <a href=
+"#pb137" class="pageref">137</a>, <a href="#pb138" class=
+"pageref">138</a> (K&#257;rtav&#299;rya, a king, <a href="#pb27" class=
+"pageref">27</a>)</p>
+<p>Arthapati, a Brahman, <a href="#pb2" class="pageref">2</a></p>
+<p><i>Arth&#257;patti</i>, <a href="#pb.xix" class=
+"pageref">xix</a></p>
+<p>Arundhat&#299;, <a href="#pb46" class="pageref">46</a></p>
+<p>&#256;ry&#257;, metre, <a href="#pb.xii" class="pageref">xii</a>,
+<a href="#pb11" class="pageref">11</a> note</p>
+<p>&#256;sh&#257;&#7693;ha, <a href="#pb36" class="pageref">36</a>,
+<a href="#pb46" class="pageref">46</a>, <a href="#pb105" class=
+"pageref">105</a></p>
+<p>Asura, demon, <a href="#pb9" class="pageref">9</a>, <a href="#pb63"
+class="pageref">63</a></p>
+<p>Aube, river, <a href="#pb.xv" class="pageref">xv</a></p>
+<p>Aucityavic&#257;ra-carc&#257;, <a href="#pb.viii" class=
+"pageref">viii</a></p>
+<p>Avalokite&ccedil;vara, <a href="#pb.xvi" class="pageref">xvi</a>,
+<a href="#pb162" class="pageref">162</a></p>
+<p>Avant&#299;, a province, <a href="#pb199" class=
+"pageref">199</a></p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="div2 letter">
+<div class="divHead">
+<h3 id="xd21e6120" class="main">B.</h3>
+</div>
+<div class="divBody">
+<p class="first">Babhruv&#257;hana, a warrior, <a href="#pb138" class=
+"pageref">138</a></p>
+<p>Badarik&#257;, a hermitage, <a href="#pb216" class=
+"pageref">216</a></p>
+<p>Bakula, a tree, <i lang="la-x-bio">Mimusops elengi</i>, <a href=
+"#pb16" class="pageref">16</a>, <a href="#pb144" class=
+"pageref">144</a>, <a href="#pb178" class="pageref">178</a></p>
+<p>Bala, <i>v.</i> Balar&#257;ma, <a href="#pb22" class=
+"pageref">22</a></p>
+<p>B&#257;la, a king, <a href="#pb213" class="pageref">213</a> note</p>
+<p>Bal&#257;haka, a warrior, <a href="#pb61" class="pageref">61</a>,
+<a href="#pb62" class="pageref">62</a>, <a href="#pb63" class=
+"pageref">63</a>, <a href="#pb65" class="pageref">65</a>, <a href=
+"#pb69" class="pageref">69</a>, <a href="#pb70" class="pageref">70</a>,
+<a href="#pb171" class="pageref">171</a></p>
+<p>Balar&#257;ma, brother of K&#7771;ish&#7751;a, <a href="#pb8" class=
+"pageref">8</a>, <a href="#pb33" class="pageref">33</a>, <a href=
+"#pb51" class="pageref">51</a>, <a href="#pb97" class="pageref">97</a>,
+<a href="#pb156" class="pageref">156</a></p>
+<p>B&#257;&#7751;a, or B&#257;&#7751;abha&#7789;&#7789;a, the author,
+<a href="#pb.vii" class="pageref">vii</a>, <a href="#pb.viii" class=
+"pageref">viii</a>, <a href="#pb.xii" class="pageref">xii</a>, <a href=
+"#pb.xiv" class="pageref">xiv</a>, <a href="#pb.xvii" class=
+"pageref">xvii</a>, <a href="#pb.xviii" class="pageref">xviii</a>,
+<a href="#pb.xix" class="pageref">xix</a>, <a href="#pb.xx" class=
+"pageref">xx</a>, <a href="#pb.xxi" class="pageref">xxi</a>, <a href=
+"#pb.xxii" class="pageref">xxii</a>, <a href="#pb3" class=
+"pageref">3</a></p>
+<p>B&#257;&#7751;a, a demon, <a href="#pb1" class="pageref">1</a></p>
+<p>Bendall, Professor, <a href="#pb.xiv" class="pageref">xiv</a></p>
+<p>Bhag&#299;ratha, a king, <a href="#pb3" class="pageref">3</a>,
+<a href="#pb25" class="pageref">25</a>, <a href="#pb37" class=
+"pageref">37</a>, <a href="#pb47" class="pageref">47</a>, <a href=
+"#pb72" class="pageref">72</a>, <a href="#pb88" class=
+"pageref">88</a></p>
+<p>Bharata, a king, <a href="#pb47" class="pageref">47</a>, <a href=
+"#pb60" class="pageref">60</a>, <a href="#pb72" class="pageref">72</a>,
+<a href="#pb88" class="pageref">88</a>, <a href="#pb102" class=
+"pageref">102</a>, <a href="#pb147" class="pageref">147</a>, <a href=
+"#pb161" class="pageref">161</a>, <a href="#pb196" class=
+"pageref">196</a>, <a href="#pb212" class="pageref">212</a></p>
+<p>Bhatsu, a guru, <a href="#pb1" class="pageref">1</a></p>
+<p>Bh&#299;ma, a warrior, <a href="#pb60" class="pageref">60</a>,
+<a href="#pb78" class="pageref">78</a>, <a href="#pb216" class=
+"pageref">216</a></p>
+<p>Bh&#299;shma, a warrior, <a href="#pb30" class="pageref">30</a></p>
+<p>Bhoja, <a href="#pb.xviii" class="pageref">xviii</a></p>
+<p>Bh&#7771;igu, a sage, <a href="#pb138" class="pageref">138</a></p>
+<p>Bh&#363;sha&#7751;a, or Bh&#363;sha&#7751;abha&#7789;&#7789;a,
+<a href="#pb.viii" class="pageref">viii</a>, <a href="#pb.xxiii" class=
+"pageref">xxiii</a>, <a href="#pb183" class="pageref">183</a></p>
+<p>Brahm&#257;, <a href="#pb2" class="pageref">2</a>, <a href="#pb3"
+class="pageref">3</a>, <a href="#pb10" class="pageref">10</a>, <a href=
+"#pb35" class="pageref">35</a>, <a href="#pb39" class="pageref">39</a>,
+<a href="#pb41" class="pageref">41</a>, <a href="#pb55" class=
+"pageref">55</a>, <a href="#pb94" class="pageref">94</a>, <a href=
+"#pb96" class="pageref">96</a>, <a href="#pb101" class=
+"pageref">101</a>, <a href="#pb105" class="pageref">105</a>, <a href=
+"#pb134" class="pageref">134</a> note, <a href="#pb147" class=
+"pageref">147</a></p>
+<p>B&#7771;ihadratha, a king, <a href="#pb53" class=
+"pageref">53</a></p>
+<p>B&#7771;ihaspati, a sage, <a href="#pb4" class="pageref">4</a>,
+<a href="#pb11" class="pageref">11</a>, <a href="#pb46" class=
+"pageref">46</a> note, <a href="#pb50" class="pageref">50</a></p>
+<p>B&#7771;ihatkath&#257;, <a href="#pb.xii" class="pageref">xii</a>,
+<a href="#pb3" class="pageref">3</a> note, <a href="#pb212" class=
+"pageref">212</a></p>
+<p>Birthless, the, <a href="#pb1" class="pageref">1</a></p>
+<p>Budha, a star, <a href="#pb214" class="pageref">214</a> note</p>
+<p>Buddha, <a href="#pb.xvii" class="pageref">xvii</a></p>
+<p>Buddhacarita, <a href="#pb94" class="pageref">94</a> note
+<span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb223" href="#pb223" name=
+"pb223">223</a>]</span></p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="div2 letter">
+<div class="divHead">
+<h3 id="xd21e6436" class="main">C.</h3>
+</div>
+<div class="divBody">
+<p class="first">&Ccedil;abara, a mountaineer, <a href="#pb26" class=
+"pageref">26</a>, <a href="#pb27" class="pageref">27</a>, <a href=
+"#pb28" class="pageref">28</a>, <a href="#pb29" class="pageref">29</a>,
+<a href="#pb81" class="pageref">81</a>, <a href="#pb82" class=
+"pageref">82</a>, <a href="#pb88" class="pageref">88</a></p>
+<p>&Ccedil;a&ccedil;a, a man, <a href="#pb17" class=
+"pageref">17</a></p>
+<p>Caitraratha, a wood, <a href="#pb102" class="pageref">102</a></p>
+<p>&Ccedil;aiva, follower of &Ccedil;iva, <a href="#pb.xvi" class=
+"pageref">xvi</a>, <a href="#pb.xvii" class="pageref">xvii</a>,
+<a href="#pb217" class="pageref">217</a></p>
+<p>Cakora, a partridge, <a href="#pb189" class="pageref">189</a></p>
+<p>Cakrav&#257;ka, the ruddy goose, <a href="#pb20" class=
+"pageref">20</a>, <a href="#pb47" class="pageref">47</a>, <a href=
+"#pb67" class="pageref">67</a>, <a href="#pb92" class="pageref">92</a>
+note, <a href="#pb94" class="pageref">94</a>, <a href="#pb114" class=
+"pageref">114</a>, <a href="#pb127" class="pageref">127</a>, <a href=
+"#pb142" class="pageref">142</a>, <a href="#pb144" class=
+"pageref">144</a>, <a href="#pb145" class="pageref">145</a>, <a href=
+"#pb160" class="pageref">160</a>, <a href="#pb162" class=
+"pageref">162</a>, <a href="#pb214" class="pageref">214</a>, <a href=
+"#pb218" class="pageref">218</a></p>
+<p>&Ccedil;akuni, a man, <a href="#pb40" class="pageref">40</a>;<br>
+a bird, <a href="#pb21" class="pageref">21</a>, <a href="#pb40" class=
+"pageref">40</a></p>
+<p>&Ccedil;&#257;kyamuni, <a href="#pb.xvi" class="pageref">xvi</a>,
+<a href="#pb217" class="pageref">217</a></p>
+<p>&Ccedil;&#257;l-tree, <i lang="la-x-bio">Valeria Robusta</i>,
+<a href="#pb92" class="pageref">92</a></p>
+<p>&Ccedil;&#257;lmal&#299;, the silk-cotton-tree, <i lang=
+"la-x-bio">Bombax Heptaphyllum</i>, <a href="#pb21" class=
+"pageref">21</a></p>
+<p>Campak, a tree, <i lang="la-x-bio">Michelia Champaka</i>, <a href=
+"#pb2" class="pageref">2</a>, <a href="#pb117" class="pageref">117</a>,
+<a href="#pb150" class="pageref">150</a>, <a href="#pb219" class=
+"pageref">219</a></p>
+<p>Ca&#7751;&#7693;akau&ccedil;ika, a sage, <a href="#pb53" class=
+"pageref">53</a></p>
+<p>Ca&#7751;&#7693;&#257;la, a low caste, <a href="#pb.viii" class=
+"pageref">viii</a>, <a href="#pb.x" class="pageref">x</a>, <a href=
+"#pb.xvi" class="pageref">xvi</a>, <a href="#pb6" class=
+"pageref">6</a>, <a href="#pb8" class="pageref">8</a>, <a href="#pb9"
+class="pageref">9</a> note, <a href="#pb10" class="pageref">10</a>,
+<a href="#pb13" class="pageref">13</a>, <a href="#pb16" class=
+"pageref">16</a>, <a href="#pb204" class="pageref">204</a>, <a href=
+"#pb205" class="pageref">205</a>, <a href="#pb206" class=
+"pageref">206</a></p>
+<p>Ca&#7751;&#7693;ik&#257;&ccedil;ataka, <a href="#pb.viii" class=
+"pageref">viii</a></p>
+<p>Candr&#257;p&#299;&#7693;a, the hero, <a href="#pb.viii" class=
+"pageref">viii</a>, <a href="#pb.ix" class="pageref">ix</a>, <a href=
+"#pb.x" class="pageref">x</a>, <a href="#pb.xi" class="pageref">xi</a>,
+<a href="#pb.xvi" class="pageref">xvi</a>, <a href="#pb.xxi" class=
+"pageref">xxi</a>, <a href="#pb.xxii" class="pageref">xxii</a>,
+<a href="#pb59" class="pageref">59</a>, and <i>passim</i></p>
+<p>Candraprabh&#257;, a place, <a href="#pb95" class=
+"pageref">95</a></p>
+<p>&Ccedil;&#257;ntanu, a king, <a href="#pb182" class=
+"pageref">182</a>, <a href="#pb188" class="pageref">188</a></p>
+<p>&Ccedil;arabha, <a href="#pb73" class="pageref">73</a></p>
+<p>&Ccedil;&#257;stras, sacred law-books, <a href="#pb.xi" class=
+"pageref">xi</a>, <a href="#pb2" class="pageref">2</a>, <a href="#pb3"
+class="pageref">3</a>, <a href="#pb10" class="pageref">10</a>, <a href=
+"#pb15" class="pageref">15</a>, <a href="#pb39" class="pageref">39</a>,
+<a href="#pb40" class="pageref">40</a>, <a href="#pb42" class=
+"pageref">42</a>, <a href="#pb49" class="pageref">49</a>, <a href=
+"#pb62" class="pageref">62</a>, <a href="#pb76" class="pageref">76</a>,
+<a href="#pb79" class="pageref">79</a>, <a href="#pb212" class=
+"pageref">212</a>, <a href="#pb217" class="pageref">217</a></p>
+<p>&Ccedil;atadhanvan, a king, <a href="#pb64" class=
+"pageref">64</a></p>
+<p>C&#257;taka, a bird, <a href="#pb94" class="pageref">94</a></p>
+<p>&Ccedil;atakratu, Indra, <a href="#pb87" class="pageref">87</a></p>
+<p>&Ccedil;atrughna, a prince, <a href="#pb212" class=
+"pageref">212</a></p>
+<p>&Ccedil;esha, king of serpents, <a href="#pb50" class=
+"pageref">50</a>, <a href="#pb51" class="pageref">51</a>, <a href=
+"#pb73" class="pageref">73</a>, <a href="#pb85" class="pageref">85</a>,
+<a href="#pb89" class="pageref">89</a>, <a href="#pb95" class=
+"pageref">95</a>, <a href="#pb96" class="pageref">96</a>, <a href=
+"#pb123" class="pageref">123</a>, <a href="#pb158" class=
+"pageref">158</a>, <a href="#pb165" class="pageref">165</a>, <a href=
+"#pb173" class="pageref">173</a>, <a href="#pb213" class=
+"pageref">213</a>, <a href="#pb215" class="pageref">215</a></p>
+<p>Chattaji, <a href="#pb.xiv" class="pageref">xiv</a></p>
+<p>&Ccedil;ikha&#7751;&#7693;&#299;, a warrior, <a href="#pb30" class=
+"pageref">30</a></p>
+<p>&Ccedil;ir&#299;sha, or Sir&#299;sha, a flower, <a href="#pb69"
+class="pageref">69</a>, <a href="#pb181" class="pageref">181</a></p>
+<p>Citrabh&#257;nu, a Brahman, <a href="#pb3" class="pageref">3</a></p>
+<p>Citraratha, a Gandharva, <a href="#pb102" class="pageref">102</a>,
+<a href="#pb140" class="pageref">140</a>, <a href="#pb143" class=
+"pageref">143</a>, <a href="#pb151" class="pageref">151</a>, <a href=
+"#pb159" class="pageref">159</a>, <a href="#pb169" class=
+"pageref">169</a>, <a href="#pb207" class="pageref">207</a>, <a href=
+"#pb208" class="pageref">208</a></p>
+<p>&Ccedil;iva, vi, <a href="#pb.x" class="pageref">x</a>, <a href=
+"#pb.xi" class="pageref">xi</a>, <a href="#pb.xvii" class=
+"pageref">xvii</a>, <a href="#pb3" class="pageref">3</a>, <a href=
+"#pb7" class="pageref">7</a>, <a href="#pb8" class="pageref">8</a>,
+<a href="#pb14" class="pageref">14</a>, <a href="#pb17" class=
+"pageref">17</a>, <a href="#pb21" class="pageref">21</a>, <a href=
+"#pb30" class="pageref">30</a>, <a href="#pb36" class="pageref">36</a>,
+<a href="#pb39" class="pageref">39</a>, <a href="#pb41" class=
+"pageref">41</a>, <a href="#pb46" class="pageref">46</a>, <a href=
+"#pb47" class="pageref">47</a> note, <a href="#pb49" class=
+"pageref">49</a>, <a href="#pb50" class="pageref">50</a>, <a href=
+"#pb51" class="pageref">51</a>, <a href="#pb52" class="pageref">52</a>,
+<a href="#pb56" class="pageref">56</a>, <a href="#pb63" class=
+"pageref">63</a>, <a href="#pb82" class="pageref">82</a> note, <a href=
+"#pb85" class="pageref">85</a>, <a href="#pb92" class="pageref">92</a>,
+<a href="#pb93" class="pageref">93</a>, <a href="#pb95" class=
+"pageref">95</a>, <a href="#pb96" class="pageref">96</a>, <a href=
+"#pb97" class="pageref">97</a>, <a href="#pb98" class="pageref">98</a>,
+<a href="#pb99" class="pageref">99</a>, <a href="#pb102" class=
+"pageref">102</a>, <a href="#pb103" class="pageref">103</a>, <a href=
+"#pb104" class="pageref">104</a>, <a href="#pb108" class=
+"pageref">108</a>, <a href="#pb109" class="pageref">109</a>, <a href=
+"#pb135" class="pageref">135</a>, <a href="#pb137" class=
+"pageref">137</a>, <a href="#pb141" class="pageref">141</a>, <a href=
+"#pb162" class="pageref">162</a>, <a href="#pb164" class=
+"pageref">164</a>, <a href="#pb167" class="pageref">167</a>, <a href=
+"#pb182" class="pageref">182</a>, <a href="#pb189" class=
+"pageref">189</a>, <a href="#pb207" class="pageref">207</a>, <a href=
+"#pb210" class="pageref">210</a>, <a href="#pb211" class=
+"pageref">211</a>, <a href="#pb212" class="pageref">212</a>, <a href=
+"#pb214" class="pageref">214</a>, <a href="#pb215" class=
+"pageref">215</a></p>
+<p><i>&Ccedil;lesha</i>, <a href="#pb.xix" class="pageref">xix</a></p>
+<p>Cowell, Professor, <a href="#pb.vii" class="pageref">vii</a>,
+<a href="#pb.xiv" class="pageref">xiv</a>, <a href="#pb.xxii" class=
+"pageref">xxii</a></p>
+<p>&Ccedil;r&#257;ddha, rites for the dead, <a href="#pb39" class=
+"pageref">39</a></p>
+<p>&Ccedil;r&#299;, or Lakshm&#299;, <a href="#pb8" class=
+"pageref">8</a>, <a href="#pb9" class="pageref">9</a>, <a href="#pb17"
+class="pageref">17</a>, <a href="#pb105" class="pageref">105</a>,
+<a href="#pb217" class="pageref">217</a>;<br>
+a tree, <a href="#pb17" class="pageref">17</a></p>
+<p>&Ccedil;ruti, Divine tradition, <a href="#pb3" class=
+"pageref">3</a></p>
+<p>&Ccedil;&#363;draka, a king, <a href="#pb.viii" class=
+"pageref">viii</a>, <a href="#pb.x" class="pageref">x</a>, <a href=
+"#pb.xiv" class="pageref">xiv</a>, <a href="#pb3" class=
+"pageref">3</a>, <a href="#pb207" class="pageref">207</a></p>
+<p>&Ccedil;ukan&#257;sa, a Brahman, <a href="#pb.ix" class=
+"pageref">ix</a>, <a href="#pb.xvi" class="pageref">xvi</a>, <a href=
+"#pb.xviii" class="pageref">xviii</a>, <a href="#pb49" class=
+"pageref">49</a>, <a href="#pb50" class="pageref">50</a>, <a href=
+"#pb57" class="pageref">57</a>, <a href="#pb58" class="pageref">58</a>,
+<a href="#pb59" class="pageref">59</a>, <a href="#pb61" class=
+"pageref">61</a>, <a href="#pb71" class="pageref">71</a>, <a href=
+"#pb72" class="pageref">72</a>, <a href="#pb76" class="pageref">76</a>,
+<a href="#pb84" class="pageref">84</a>, <a href="#pb89" class=
+"pageref">89</a>, <a href="#pb161" class="pageref">161</a>, <a href=
+"#pb170" class="pageref">170</a>, <a href="#pb174" class=
+"pageref">174</a>, <a href="#pb188" class="pageref">188</a>, <a href=
+"#pb189" class="pageref">189</a>, <a href="#pb190" class=
+"pageref">190</a>, <a href="#pb197" class="pageref">197</a>, <a href=
+"#pb200" class="pageref">200</a>, <a href="#pb201" class=
+"pageref">201</a>, <a href="#pb202" class="pageref">202</a>, <a href=
+"#pb207" class="pageref">207</a>, <a href="#pb217" class=
+"pageref">217</a>, <a href="#pb218" class="pageref">218</a></p>
+<p>&Ccedil;ukra, a sage, <a href="#pb50" class="pageref">50</a></p>
+<p>C&#363;talatik&#257;, <a href="#pb145" class="pageref">145</a></p>
+<p>&Ccedil;vetadv&#299;pa, the white continent, <a href="#pb97" class=
+"pageref">97</a></p>
+<p>&Ccedil;vetaketu, a sage, <a href="#pb108" class="pageref">108</a>,
+<a href="#pb109" class="pageref">109</a>, <a href="#pb127" class=
+"pageref">127</a>, <a href="#pb197" class="pageref">197</a>, <a href=
+"#pb203" class="pageref">203</a>, <a href="#pb207" class=
+"pageref">207</a></p>
+<p>Cyavana, a sage, <a href="#pb138" class="pageref">138</a></p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="div2 letter">
+<div class="divHead">
+<h3 id="xd21e7205" class="main">D.</h3>
+</div>
+<div class="divBody">
+<p class="first">Da&ccedil;apura, a city, <a href="#pb187" class=
+"pageref">187</a>, <a href="#pb188" class="pageref">188</a></p>
+<p>Da&ccedil;aratha, a king, <a href="#pb47" class="pageref">47</a>,
+<a href="#pb50" class="pageref">50</a>, <a href="#pb53" class=
+"pageref">53</a>, <a href="#pb88" class="pageref">88</a>, <a href=
+"#pb215" class="pageref">215</a></p>
+<p>Daksha, <a href="#pb102" class="pageref">102</a>, <a href="#pb141"
+class="pageref">141</a></p>
+<p>Dakshi&#7751;a fire, <a href="#pb40" class="pageref">40</a></p>
+<p>Damanaka, <a href="#pb50" class="pageref">50</a></p>
+<p>Da&#7751;&#7693;aka, wood, <a href="#pb22" class="pageref">22</a>,
+<a href="#pb27" class="pageref">27</a></p>
+<p>Da&#7751;&#7693;i, <a href="#pb37" class="pageref">37</a> note</p>
+<p>Dharba, a grass, <a href="#pb46" class="pageref">46</a></p>
+<p>Dharma, god of Justice, <a href="#pb4" class="pageref">4</a>,
+<a href="#pb18" class="pageref">18</a>, <a href="#pb35" class=
+"pageref">35</a>, <a href="#pb41" class="pageref">41</a>, <a href=
+"#pb50" class="pageref">50</a>, <a href="#pb127" class=
+"pageref">127</a></p>
+<p>Dh&#257;rtar&#257;sh&#7789;ras, <a href="#pb93" class=
+"pageref">93</a></p>
+<p>Dhaumya, a priest, <a href="#pb50" class="pageref">50</a></p>
+<p>Dh&#7771;itar&#257;sh&#7789;ra, a king, <a href="#pb137" class=
+"pageref">137</a></p>
+<p>Digambaras, <a href="#pb.xvi" class="pageref">xvi</a></p>
+<p>Dil&#299;pa, a king, <a href="#pb88" class="pageref">88</a></p>
+<p>Disobedient, the, Duh&#803;s&#257;sana, <a href="#pb49" class=
+"pageref">49</a></p>
+<p>Divine mothers, <a href="#pb199" class="pageref">199</a> note</p>
+<p>Drau&#7751;i, A&ccedil;vatth&#257;man, <a href="#pb36" class=
+"pageref">36</a></p>
+<p>Dravi&#7693;ian, <a href="#pb172" class="pageref">172</a></p>
+<p>D&#7771;i&#7693;hadasyu, an ascetic, <a href="#pb19" class=
+"pageref">19</a></p>
+<p>Duh&#803;&ccedil;aly&#257;, <a href="#pb137" class=
+"pageref">137</a></p>
+<p>Dundhum&#257;ra, a king, <a href="#pb47" class="pageref">47</a></p>
+<p>Durg&#257;, wife of &Ccedil;iva, <a href="#pb9" class=
+"pageref">9</a>, <a href="#pb17" class="pageref">17</a>, <a href=
+"#pb29" class="pageref">29</a>, <a href="#pb30" class="pageref">30</a>,
+<a href="#pb31" class="pageref">31</a>, <a href="#pb49" class=
+"pageref">49</a>, <a href="#pb50" class="pageref">50</a>, <a href=
+"#pb55" class="pageref">55</a>, <a href="#pb56" class="pageref">56</a>,
+<a href="#pb102" class="pageref">102</a> note, <a href="#pb141" class=
+"pageref">141</a>, <a href="#pb162" class="pageref">162</a>, <a href=
+"#pb172" class="pageref">172</a></p>
+<p>Durge&ccedil;anandin&#299;, <a href="#pb.xiv" class=
+"pageref">xiv</a></p>
+<p>D&#363;rv&#257; grass, <a href="#pb84" class="pageref">84</a>,
+<a href="#pb94" class="pageref">94</a></p>
+<p>Duryodhana, a king, <a href="#pb21" class="pageref">21</a>, <a href=
+"#pb40" class="pageref">40</a></p>
+<p>D&#363;sha&#7751;a, a warrior, <a href="#pb27" class=
+"pageref">27</a></p>
+<p><i>Dvandva</i>, a pair, <a href="#pb101" class="pageref">101</a>
+note</p>
+<p><i>Dv&#299;pa</i>, a continent, <a href="#pb50" class=
+"pageref">50</a></p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="div2 letter">
+<div class="divHead">
+<h3 id="xd21e7435" class="main">E.</h3>
+</div>
+<div class="divBody">
+<p class="first">Eastern Mountain, <a href="#pb23" class=
+"pageref">23</a></p>
+<p>Ekalavya, a king, <a href="#pb28" class="pageref">28</a></p>
+<p>El&#257;, cardamons, <a href="#pb16" class="pageref">16</a></p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="div2 letter">
+<div class="divHead">
+<h3 id="xd21e7453" class="main">F.</h3>
+</div>
+<div class="divBody">
+<p class="first">F&auml;erie Queene (Spenser&rsquo;s), <a href=
+"#pb.xxii" class="pageref">xxii</a></p>
+<p>First-born, a star, <a href="#pb49" class="pageref">49</a></p>
+<p>Fuel-bearer, D&#7771;i&#7693;hadasyu, <a href="#pb19" class=
+"pageref">19</a> <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb224" href="#pb224"
+name="pb224">224</a>]</span></p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="div2 letter">
+<div class="divHead">
+<h3 id="xd21e7472" class="main">G.</h3>
+</div>
+<div class="divBody">
+<p class="first">Gang&#257;, or Ganges, <a href="#pb3" class=
+"pageref">3</a>, and <i>passim</i></p>
+<p>Gandham&#257;dana, an elephant, <a href="#pb86" class=
+"pageref">86</a>, <a href="#pb165" class="pageref">165</a>;<br>
+a mountain, <a href="#pb162" class="pageref">162</a> note, <a href=
+"#pb216" class="pageref">216</a></p>
+<p>Gandharvas, heavenly beings, <a href="#pb.ix" class=
+"pageref">ix</a>, <a href="#pb3" class="pageref">3</a>, <a href=
+"#pb100" class="pageref">100</a>, <a href="#pb102" class=
+"pageref">102</a>, <a href="#pb108" class="pageref">108</a>, <a href=
+"#pb112" class="pageref">112</a>, <a href="#pb113" class=
+"pageref">113</a>, <a href="#pb120" class="pageref">120</a>, <a href=
+"#pb137" class="pageref">137</a>, <a href="#pb138" class=
+"pageref">138</a>, <a href="#pb140" class="pageref">140</a>, <a href=
+"#pb141" class="pageref">141</a>, <a href="#pb143" class=
+"pageref">143</a>, <a href="#pb152" class="pageref">152</a>, <a href=
+"#pb153" class="pageref">153</a>, <a href="#pb158" class=
+"pageref">158</a>, <a href="#pb161" class="pageref">161</a>, <a href=
+"#pb162" class="pageref">162</a>, <a href="#pb163" class=
+"pageref">163</a>, <a href="#pb165" class="pageref">165</a>, <a href=
+"#pb166" class="pageref">166</a>, <a href="#pb184" class=
+"pageref">184</a>, <a href="#pb191" class="pageref">191</a>, <a href=
+"#pb196" class="pageref">196</a>, <a href="#pb201" class=
+"pageref">201</a>, <a href="#pb207" class="pageref">207</a>, <a href=
+"#pb209" class="pageref">209</a>, <a href="#pb210" class=
+"pageref">210</a></p>
+<p>G&#257;ndharva, marriage, <a href="#pb208" class=
+"pageref">208</a></p>
+<p>G&#257;rhapatya, fire, <a href="#pb40" class="pageref">40</a></p>
+<p>Garu&#7693;a, king of birds <a href="#pb2" class="pageref">2</a>,
+<a href="#pb29" class="pageref">29</a>, <a href="#pb62" class=
+"pageref">62</a>, <a href="#pb63" class="pageref">63</a>, <a href=
+"#pb64" class="pageref">64</a>, <a href="#pb212" class=
+"pageref">212</a></p>
+<p>Gaur&#299; or Durg&#257;, <a href="#pb96" class="pageref">96</a>,
+<a href="#pb112" class="pageref">112</a>, <a href="#pb132" class=
+"pageref">132</a>, <a href="#pb213" class="pageref">213</a>, <a href=
+"#pb214" class="pageref">214</a></p>
+<p>Gha&#7789;otkaca, Bh&#299;ma&rsquo;s son, <a href="#pb30" class=
+"pageref">30</a></p>
+<p>Ghee, or gh&#299;, <a href="#pb.xvii" class="pageref">xvii</a>,
+<a href="#pb38" class="pageref">38</a></p>
+<p><i>Go&ccedil;&#299;rsha</i>, sandal-juice, <a href="#pb133" class=
+"pageref">133</a></p>
+<p>God&#257;ver&#299;, a river, <a href="#pb19" class=
+"pageref">19</a></p>
+<p><i>Gomaya</i>, <a href="#pb40" class="pageref">40</a></p>
+<p><i>Gorocan&#257;</i>, a yellow pigment, <a href="#pb8" class=
+"pageref">8</a>, <a href="#pb84" class="pageref">84</a>, <a href=
+"#pb104" class="pageref">104</a></p>
+<p>Guhyakas, demigods, <a href="#pb100" class="pageref">100</a></p>
+<p>Gu&#7751;avinayaga&#7751;i, <a href="#pb.viii" class=
+"pageref">viii</a></p>
+<p>Gu&ntilde;ja, a shrub, <a href="#pb28" class="pageref">28</a></p>
+<p>Guptas, a dynasty, <a href="#pb2" class="pageref">2</a></p>
+<p><i>Guru</i>, religious teacher, and <i>passim</i></p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="div2 letter">
+<div class="divHead">
+<h3 id="xd21e7710" class="main">H.</h3>
+</div>
+<div class="divBody">
+<p class="first">Ham&#803;sa, a Gandharva, <a href="#pb102" class=
+"pageref">102</a>;<br>
+a bird, <a href="#pb5" class="pageref">5</a>, and <i>passim</i></p>
+<p>Hari, Vish&#7751;u, <a href="#pb1" class="pageref">1</a></p>
+<p>Hari&#7751;ik&#257;, <a href="#pb145" class="pageref">145</a></p>
+<p>H&#257;r&#299;ta, an ascetic, <a href="#pb35" class=
+"pageref">35</a>, <a href="#pb46" class="pageref">46</a>, <a href=
+"#pb202" class="pageref">202</a>, <a href="#pb203" class=
+"pageref">203</a>, <a href="#pb206" class="pageref">206</a>, <a href=
+"#pb207" class="pageref">207</a>, <a href="#pb208" class=
+"pageref">208</a>, <a href="#pb209" class="pageref">209</a></p>
+<p>Harit&#257;la pigeons, <a href="#pb122" class="pageref">122</a>,
+<a href="#pb145" class="pageref">145</a></p>
+<p>Harivam&#803;&ccedil;a, <a href="#pb29" class="pageref">29</a> note,
+<a href="#pb37" class="pageref">37</a> note, <a href="#pb138" class=
+"pageref">138</a>, <a href="#pb213" class="pageref">213</a></p>
+<p>Harsha Carita, Professor Cowell and Mr. Thomas, <a href="#pb.vii"
+class="pageref">vii</a>, <a href="#pb.viii" class="pageref">viii</a>,
+xvii note, <a href="#pb.xx" class="pageref">xx</a>, <a href="#pb1"
+class="pageref">1</a>, <a href="#pb159" class="pageref">159</a>
+note</p>
+<p>Harsha, or Harshavardhana of Th&#257;&#7751;e&ccedil;ar, <a href=
+"#pb.vii" class="pageref">vii</a>, <a href="#pb.viii" class=
+"pageref">viii</a>, <a href="#pb.xvii" class="pageref">xvii</a></p>
+<p>Hemajak&#363;&#7789;as, a tribe, <a href="#pb90" class=
+"pageref">90</a></p>
+<p>Hemak&#363;&#7789;a, a mountain and city, <a href="#pb102" class=
+"pageref">102</a>, <a href="#pb113" class="pageref">113</a>, <a href=
+"#pb143" class="pageref">143</a>, <a href="#pb163" class=
+"pageref">163</a>, <a href="#pb167" class="pageref">167</a>, <a href=
+"#pb171" class="pageref">171</a>, <a href="#pb172" class=
+"pageref">172</a>, <a href="#pb186" class="pageref">186</a>, <a href=
+"#pb207" class="pageref">207</a>, <a href="#pb208" class=
+"pageref">208</a>, <a href="#pb209" class="pageref">209</a></p>
+<p>Hi&#7693;amb&#257;, a demon, <a href="#pb78" class=
+"pageref">78</a></p>
+<p>Him&#257;laya, mountain, <a href="#pb14" class="pageref">14</a>,
+<a href="#pb92" class="pageref">92</a>, <a href="#pb210" class=
+"pageref">210</a>, <a href="#pb212" class="pageref">212</a></p>
+<p>Himavat <i>v.</i> Him&#257;laya, <a href="#pb92" class=
+"pageref">92</a></p>
+<p>Hiouen Thsang, xvii note</p>
+<p>Hira&#7751;yagarbha, the golden egg, <i>i.e.</i>, Brahm&#257;,
+<a href="#pb2" class="pageref">2</a></p>
+<p>Hira&#7751;yaka&ccedil;ipu, a demon, <a href="#pb30" class=
+"pageref">30</a></p>
+<p>Hira&#7751;y&#257;ksha, <a href="#pb213" class="pageref">213</a></p>
+<p>Homa sacrifice, <a href="#pb39" class="pageref">39</a></p>
+<p><i lang="la-x-bio">Hybiscus Mutabilis</i>, note, <a href="#pb169"
+class="pageref">169</a> note, <a href="#pb175" class=
+"pageref">175</a></p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="div2 letter">
+<div class="divHead">
+<h3 id="xd21e7917" class="main">I.</h3>
+</div>
+<div class="divBody">
+<p class="first">Indian Literature, History of, by Weber, <a href=
+"#pb.xviii" class="pageref">xviii</a></p>
+<p><span lang="de">Indische Studien</span>, Weber&rsquo;s, <a href=
+"#pb97" class="pageref">97</a> note</p>
+<p>Indra, a god, <a href="#pb.xii" class="pageref">xii</a>, <a href=
+"#pb3" class="pageref">3</a>, <a href="#pb6" class="pageref">6</a>,
+<a href="#pb18" class="pageref">18</a>, <a href="#pb48" class=
+"pageref">48</a>, <a href="#pb50" class="pageref">50</a>, <a href=
+"#pb61" class="pageref">61</a>, <a href="#pb63" class="pageref">63</a>,
+<a href="#pb64" class="pageref">64</a>, <a href="#pb65" class=
+"pageref">65</a>, <a href="#pb87" class="pageref">87</a> note, <a href=
+"#pb102" class="pageref">102</a>, <a href="#pb136" class=
+"pageref">136</a>, <a href="#pb204" class="pageref">204</a> note</p>
+<p>Indr&#257;yudha, a steed, <a href="#pb62" class="pageref">62</a>,
+and <i>passim</i></p>
+<p>Itih&#257;sas, The, legendary histories, <a href="#pb60" class=
+"pageref">60</a></p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="div2 letter">
+<div class="divHead">
+<h3 id="xd21e7992" class="main">J.</h3>
+</div>
+<div class="divBody">
+<p class="first">J&#257;b&#257;li, an ascetic, <a href="#pb.ix" class=
+"pageref">ix</a>, <a href="#pb.x" class="pageref">x</a>, <a href=
+"#pb.xi" class="pageref">xi</a>, <a href="#pb35" class=
+"pageref">35</a>, <a href="#pb40" class="pageref">40</a>, <a href=
+"#pb43" class="pageref">43</a>, <a href="#pb202" class=
+"pageref">202</a>, <a href="#pb203" class="pageref">203</a>, <a href=
+"#pb204" class="pageref">204</a></p>
+<p>Jain, <a href="#pb.xvi" class="pageref">xvi</a></p>
+<p>J&#257;lap&#257;da, an ascetic, <a href="#pb46" class=
+"pageref">46</a></p>
+<p>Jar&#257;sandha, a king, <a href="#pb50" class="pageref">50</a>,
+<a href="#pb53" class="pageref">53</a></p>
+<p>J&#257;taka, <a href="#pb.xvi" class="pageref">xvi</a></p>
+<p>J&#257;ti, a flower, <i lang="la-x-bio">Jasminum Grandiflorum</i>,
+<a href="#pb9" class="pageref">9</a></p>
+<p>Jayadratha, a king, <a href="#pb137" class="pageref">137</a></p>
+<p>Jinadharma, <a href="#pb212" class="pageref">212</a></p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="div2 letter">
+<div class="divHead">
+<h3 id="xd21e8066" class="main">K.</h3>
+</div>
+<div class="divBody">
+<p class="first">Kabandha, a R&#257;kshasa, <a href="#pb20" class=
+"pageref">20</a></p>
+<p>K&#257;&ccedil;a, a grass, <a href="#pb40" class="pageref">40</a>,
+<a href="#pb97" class="pageref">97</a></p>
+<p>Kadalik&#257;, <a href="#pb144" class="pageref">144</a></p>
+<p>Kadamba, flower, <a href="#pb112" class="pageref">112</a></p>
+<p>K&#257;dambar&#299;, the heroine, <a href="#pb.i" class=
+"pageref">i</a>, <a href="#pb.viii" class="pageref">viii</a>, <a href=
+"#pb.xxi" class="pageref">xxi</a>, <a href="#pb140" class=
+"pageref">140</a>, <a href="#pb145" class="pageref">145</a>, and
+<i>passim</i>;<br>
+the book, i&ndash;xxiii, <a href="#pb3" class="pageref">3</a></p>
+<p>Kadr&#363;, &Ccedil;esha&rsquo;s mother, <a href="#pb213" class=
+"pageref">213</a></p>
+<p>Kail&#257;sa, a mountain, <a href="#pb.ix" class="pageref">ix</a>,
+<a href="#pb3" class="pageref">3</a>, <a href="#pb7" class=
+"pageref">7</a>, <a href="#pb47" class="pageref">47</a>, and
+<i>passim</i>;<br>
+a man, <a href="#pb74" class="pageref">74</a>, <a href="#pb75" class=
+"pageref">75</a></p>
+<p>Kai&#7789;abha, a demon, <a href="#pb51" class="pageref">51</a></p>
+<p>Kakkola, a plant, <a href="#pb16" class="pageref">16</a></p>
+<p>Kalaham&#803;sa, a teal, <a href="#pb12" class="pageref">12</a>,
+<a href="#pb24" class="pageref">24</a>, <a href="#pb35" class=
+"pageref">35</a>, <a href="#pb39" class="pageref">39</a>, <a href=
+"#pb67" class="pageref">67</a>, <a href="#pb79" class="pageref">79</a>,
+<a href="#pb92" class="pageref">92</a>, <a href="#pb104" class=
+"pageref">104</a>, <a href="#pb144" class="pageref">144</a></p>
+<p>K&#257;lak&#363;&#7789;a, poison, <a href="#pb78" class=
+"pageref">78</a></p>
+<p>K&#257;l&#299;, Durg&#257;, <a href="#pb28" class=
+"pageref">28</a></p>
+<p>Kali Age, the Iron Age, <a href="#pb96" class="pageref">96</a>,
+<a href="#pb215" class="pageref">215</a></p>
+<p>K&#257;lind&#299;, a bird, <a href="#pb150" class="pageref">150</a>,
+<a href="#pb151" class="pageref">151</a>, <a href="#pb194" class=
+"pageref">194</a></p>
+<p>Kalpa, the tree that grants desires, <a href="#pb86" class=
+"pageref">86</a>, <a href="#pb145" class="pageref">145</a>, <a href=
+"#pb160" class="pageref">160</a>, <a href="#pb174" class=
+"pageref">174</a></p>
+<p>K&#257;ma, god of love, <a href="#pb66" class="pageref">66</a>,
+<a href="#pb69" class="pageref">69</a> note, <a href="#pb81" class=
+"pageref">81</a>, and <i>passim</i></p>
+<p>Kamalinik&#257;, <a href="#pb145" class="pageref">145</a></p>
+<p>K&#257;mandak&#299;ya-N&#299;ti-&Ccedil;&#257;stra, <a href=
+"#pb.xiv" class="pageref">xiv</a></p>
+<p>Kandala, plantain, <a href="#pb161" class="pageref">161</a>
+note.</p>
+<p>Kandalik&#257;, <a href="#pb145" class="pageref">145</a>
+<span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb225" href="#pb225" name=
+"pb225">225</a>]</span></p>
+<p>Kaustubha, Vish&#7751;u&rsquo;s gem, <a href="#pb51" class=
+"pageref">51</a>, <a href="#pb57" class="pageref">57</a>, <a href=
+"#pb78" class="pageref">78</a>, <a href="#pb158" class=
+"pageref">158</a></p>
+<p>Kapi&ntilde;jala, a Brahman, <a href="#pb.xix" class=
+"pageref">xix</a>, <a href="#pb111" class="pageref">111</a>, <a href=
+"#pb115" class="pageref">115</a>, <a href="#pb118" class=
+"pageref">118</a>, <a href="#pb122" class="pageref">122</a>, <a href=
+"#pb123" class="pageref">123</a>, <a href="#pb127" class=
+"pageref">127</a>, <a href="#pb128" class="pageref">128</a>, <a href=
+"#pb129" class="pageref">129</a>, <a href="#pb131" class=
+"pageref">131</a>, <a href="#pb133" class="pageref">133</a>, <a href=
+"#pb134" class="pageref">134</a>, <a href="#pb196" class=
+"pageref">196</a>, <a href="#pb197" class="pageref">197</a>, <a href=
+"#pb207" class="pageref">207</a></p>
+<p>Kar&#299;ra, a plant, <a href="#pb16" class="pageref">16</a></p>
+<p>Kar&#7751;&#299;suta, <a href="#pb17" class="pageref">17</a></p>
+<p>K&#257;rtikeya, war-god, <a href="#pb3" class="pageref">3</a>,
+<a href="#pb49" class="pageref">49</a> note, <a href="#pb66" class=
+"pageref">66</a>, <a href="#pb92" class="pageref">92</a>, <a href=
+"#pb96" class="pageref">96</a>, <a href="#pb162" class=
+"pageref">162</a>, <a href="#pb215" class="pageref">215</a> note</p>
+<p>Kath&#257;, <a href="#pb.xii" class="pageref">xii</a>, <a href=
+"#pb.xviii" class="pageref">xviii</a></p>
+<p>Kath&#257;-Ko&ccedil;a, <a href="#pb.xvi" class=
+"pageref">xvi</a></p>
+<p>Kath&#257;-Sarit-S&#257;gara, <a href="#pb.xi" class=
+"pageref">xi</a>, <a href="#pb.xiii" class="pageref">xiii</a></p>
+<p>K&#257;vya-Prak&#257;&ccedil;a, <a href="#pb.xx" class=
+"pageref">xx</a></p>
+<p>Kesara, a tree (<i lang="la-x-bio">Mimusops Elengi</i>), <a href=
+"#pb85" class="pageref">85</a> note, <a href="#pb104" class=
+"pageref">104</a>, <a href="#pb109" class="pageref">109</a></p>
+<p>Kesarik&#257;, <a href="#pb144" class="pageref">144</a></p>
+<p>Ketak&#299;, a tree (<i lang="la-x-bio">Pandanus Odoratissimus</i>),
+<a href="#pb16" class="pageref">16</a>, <a href="#pb144" class=
+"pageref">144</a>, <a href="#pb147" class="pageref">147</a>, <a href=
+"#pb177" class="pageref">177</a>, <a href="#pb210" class=
+"pageref">210</a></p>
+<p>Key&#363;raka, K&#257;dambar&#299;&rsquo;s page, <a href="#pb141"
+class="pageref">141</a>, and <i>passim</i></p>
+<p>Kh&#257;&#7751;&#7693;ava Wood, <a href="#pb35" class=
+"pageref">35</a></p>
+<p>Khara, a warrior, <a href="#pb27" class="pageref">27</a></p>
+<p>K&#299;caka, a warrior, <a href="#pb18" class="pageref">18</a></p>
+<p>Kindama, a sage, <a href="#pb137" class="pageref">137</a></p>
+<p>Kinnaras, mythical beings with human bodies and horses&rsquo; heads;
+later, reckoned among the Gandharvas as musicians, <a href="#pb.ix"
+class="pageref">ix</a>, <a href="#pb90" class="pageref">90</a>,
+<a href="#pb91" class="pageref">91</a>, <a href="#pb98" class=
+"pageref">98</a>, <a href="#pb99" class="pageref">99</a>, <a href=
+"#pb143" class="pageref">143</a>, <a href="#pb145" class=
+"pageref">145</a>, <a href="#pb162" class="pageref">162</a>, <a href=
+"#pb186" class="pageref">186</a>, <a href="#pb197" class=
+"pageref">197</a></p>
+<p>Kimpurusha land, <a href="#pb102" class="pageref">102</a>, <a href=
+"#pb161" class="pageref">161</a>, <a href="#pb173" class=
+"pageref">173</a></p>
+<p>Kir&#257;tas, mountaineers, <a href="#pb90" class=
+"pageref">90</a></p>
+<p>Krau&ntilde;ca, Mount, <a href="#pb48" class="pageref">48</a>,
+<a href="#pb92" class="pageref">92</a></p>
+<p>K&#7771;ipa, a man, <a href="#pb36" class="pageref">36</a></p>
+<p>K&#7771;ish&#7751;a, a god, <a href="#pb.xvi" class=
+"pageref">xvi</a>, <a href="#pb4" class="pageref">4</a>, <a href="#pb7"
+class="pageref">7</a>, <a href="#pb8" class="pageref">8</a>, <a href=
+"#pb21" class="pageref">21</a>, <a href="#pb29" class="pageref">29</a>,
+<a href="#pb30" class="pageref">30</a>, <a href="#pb37" class=
+"pageref">37</a>, <a href="#pb66" class="pageref">66</a>, <a href=
+"#pb73" class="pageref">73</a>, <a href="#pb93" class="pageref">93</a>,
+<a href="#pb95" class="pageref">95</a>, <a href="#pb138" class=
+"pageref">138</a>, <a href="#pb162" class="pageref">162</a>, <a href=
+"#pb216" class="pageref">216</a></p>
+<p>Kshapa&#7751;akas, <a href="#pb.xvi" class="pageref">xvi</a></p>
+<p>Kshemendra, <a href="#pb.viii" class="pageref">viii</a></p>
+<p>Ksh&#299;roda, a man, <a href="#pb140" class="pageref">140</a>,
+<a href="#pb141" class="pageref">141</a></p>
+<p>Ku&ccedil;a (son of S&#299;t&#257;), <a href="#pb17" class=
+"pageref">17</a>;<br>
+(a grass), <a href="#pb18" class="pageref">18</a>, <a href="#pb19"
+class="pageref">19</a>, <a href="#pb23" class="pageref">23</a>,
+<a href="#pb38" class="pageref">38</a>, <a href="#pb40" class=
+"pageref">40</a>, <a href="#pb43" class="pageref">43</a>, <a href=
+"#pb45" class="pageref">45</a></p>
+<p>Kulavardhan&#257;, a woman, <a href="#pb58" class="pageref">58</a>,
+<a href="#pb59" class="pageref">59</a>, <a href="#pb74" class=
+"pageref">74</a></p>
+<p>Kul&#363;ta, country, <a href="#pb75" class="pageref">75</a></p>
+<p>Kum&#257;ra, the war-god, <a href="#pb49" class="pageref">49</a>,
+<a href="#pb66" class="pageref">66</a></p>
+<p>Kum&#257;rap&#257;lita, a minister, <a href="#pb11" class=
+"pageref">11</a></p>
+<p>Kumudik&#257;, <a href="#pb144" class="pageref">144</a></p>
+<p>Kunt&#299;, a queen, <a href="#pb137" class="pageref">137</a></p>
+<p>Ku&#7789;aja, a tree (<i>Wrightea Antidysenterica</i><span class=
+"corr" id="xd21e8663" title="Not in source">)</span>, <a href="#pb97"
+class="pageref">97</a></p>
+<p>Kuvera (god of wealth), <a href="#pb4" class="pageref">4</a>,
+<a href="#pb108" class="pageref">108</a> note, <a href="#pb204" class=
+"pageref">204</a> note, <a href="#pb216" class="pageref">216</a>;<br>
+(a Brahman) <a href="#pb2" class="pageref">2</a></p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="div2 letter">
+<div class="divHead">
+<h3 id="xd21e8691" class="main">L.</h3>
+</div>
+<div class="divBody">
+<p class="first">Lakshma&#7751;a, brother of R&#257;ma, <a href="#pb19"
+class="pageref">19</a>, <a href="#pb20" class="pageref">20</a>,
+<a href="#pb212" class="pageref">212</a></p>
+<p>Lakshm&#299; goddess of fortune, <a href="#pb.x" class=
+"pageref">x</a>, <a href="#pb9" class="pageref">9</a> <a href="#pb48"
+class="pageref">48</a>, <a href="#pb77" class="pageref">77</a>,
+<a href="#pb206" class="pageref">206</a>, <a href="#pb209" class=
+"pageref">209</a></p>
+<p>Laval&#299;, a tree (<i>Averrhoa Acida</i>), <a href="#pb144" class=
+"pageref">144</a>, <a href="#pb215" class="pageref">215</a></p>
+<p>Lavalik&#257;, <a href="#pb144" class="pageref">144</a></p>
+<p>Lavan&#775;gik&#257;, <a href="#pb145" class="pageref">145</a></p>
+<p>Linga, &Ccedil;iva&rsquo;s emblem, <a href="#pb95" class=
+"pageref">95</a></p>
+<p>Lop&#257;mudr&#257;, wife of Agastya, <a href="#pb18" class=
+"pageref">18</a>, <a href="#pb19" class="pageref">19</a></p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="div2 letter">
+<div class="divHead">
+<h3 id="xd21e8760" class="main">M.</h3>
+</div>
+<div class="divBody">
+<p class="first">Madalekh&#257;, K&#257;dambar&#299;&rsquo;s
+confidante, <a href="#pb148" class="pageref">148</a>, <a href="#pb150"
+class="pageref">150</a>, <a href="#pb156" class="pageref">156</a></p>
+<p>Madana (god of Love), <a href="#pb8" class="pageref">8</a>, <a href=
+"#pb17" class="pageref">17</a>;<br>
+(the thorn-apple), <a href="#pb17" class="pageref">17</a></p>
+<p>M&#257;dhav&#299;, creeper, <a href="#pb194" class=
+"pageref">194</a></p>
+<p>Madhuban, grant, vii note, <a href="#pb.xvii" class=
+"pageref">xvii</a></p>
+<p>Madhukai&#7789;abha, a demon, <a href="#pb17" class=
+"pageref">17</a></p>
+<p>Madhukarik&#257;, <a href="#pb145" class="pageref">145</a></p>
+<p>Madir&#257;, <a href="#pb140" class="pageref">140</a>, <a href=
+"#pb151" class="pageref">151</a>, <a href="#pb208" class=
+"pageref">208</a></p>
+<p>Magadha, a country, <a href="#pb53" class="pageref">53</a>, <a href=
+"#pb148" class="pageref">148</a></p>
+<p>Mah&#257;bh&#257;rata, the epic, <a href="#pb40" class=
+"pageref">40</a>, <a href="#pb49" class="pageref">49</a>, <a href=
+"#pb53" class="pageref">53</a>, <a href="#pb60" class="pageref">60</a>,
+<a href="#pb88" class="pageref">88</a>, <a href="#pb93" class=
+"pageref">93</a>, <a href="#pb162" class="pageref">162</a>, <a href=
+"#pb201" class="pageref">201</a>, <a href="#pb212" class=
+"pageref">212</a></p>
+<p>Mah&#257;bhisha, <a href="#pb201" class="pageref">201</a></p>
+<p>Mah&#257;&ccedil;vet&#257;, a Gandharva princess, <a href="#pb.ix"
+class="pageref">ix</a>, <a href="#pb.x" class="pageref">x</a>, <a href=
+"#pb.xi" class="pageref">xi</a>, <a href="#pb.xiii" class=
+"pageref">xiii</a>, <a href="#pb.xvi" class="pageref">xvi</a>, <a href=
+"#pb.xx" class="pageref">xx</a>, <a href="#pb103" class=
+"pageref">103</a>, <a href="#pb113" class="pageref">113</a>, <a href=
+"#pb142" class="pageref">142</a>, and <i>passim</i></p>
+<p>Mah&#257;k&#257;la, &Ccedil;iva, <a href="#pb.xvi" class=
+"pageref">xvi</a>, <a href="#pb47" class="pageref">47</a>, <a href=
+"#pb53" class="pageref">53</a>, <a href="#pb200" class=
+"pageref">200</a>, <a href="#pb210" class="pageref">210</a>, <a href=
+"#pb213" class="pageref">213</a>, <a href="#pb214" class=
+"pageref">214</a></p>
+<p>Mah&#257;var&#257;ha, Vish&#7751;u&rsquo;s Boar-avatar, <a href=
+"#pb17" class="pageref">17</a>, <a href="#pb30" class="pageref">30</a>,
+<a href="#pb85" class="pageref">85</a>, <a href="#pb145" class=
+"pageref">145</a>, <a href="#pb213" class="pageref">213</a></p>
+<p>Mah&#257;v&#299;ra fires, <a href="#pb2" class="pageref">2</a></p>
+<p>Mahisha, a demon, <a href="#pb9" class="pageref">9</a></p>
+<p>Mahodaya, a hall, <a href="#pb196" class="pageref">196</a></p>
+<p>Maina, a bird, <a href="#pb2" class="pageref">2</a>, <a href="#pb11"
+class="pageref">11</a>, <a href="#pb39" class="pageref">39</a>,
+<a href="#pb145" class="pageref">145</a>, <a href="#pb150" class=
+"pageref">150</a>, <a href="#pb194" class="pageref">194</a>, <a href=
+"#pb219" class="pageref">219</a></p>
+<p>Main&#257;ka, Mount, <a href="#pb211" class="pageref">211</a></p>
+<p>Makarandik&#257;, <a href="#pb.xi" class="pageref">xi</a></p>
+<p>Makarik&#257; (a betel-bearer), <a href="#pb52" class=
+"pageref">52</a>;<br>
+(an attendant), <a href="#pb144" class="pageref">144</a></p>
+<p>Malab&#257;r&#299;, woman of Malabar, <a href="#pb16" class=
+"pageref">16</a></p>
+<p>M&#257;latik&#257;, <a href="#pb144" class="pageref">144</a></p>
+<p>M&#257;tanga (of Ca&#7751;&#7693;&#257;la birth), <a href="#pb8"
+class="pageref">8</a>, <a href="#pb9" class="pageref">9</a>, <a href=
+"#pb10" class="pageref">10</a>;<br>
+(a man), <a href="#pb28" class="pageref">28</a></p>
+<p>M&#257;lat&#299; (<i lang="la-x-bio">Jasminum Grandiflorum</i>),
+<a href="#pb12" class="pageref">12</a>, <a href="#pb14" class=
+"pageref">14</a>, <a href="#pb69" class="pageref">69</a>, <a href=
+"#pb157" class="pageref">157</a>, <a href="#pb194" class=
+"pageref">194</a></p>
+<p>M&#257;lav&#299;s, women of Malwa, <a href="#pb211" class=
+"pageref">211</a>, <a href="#pb214" class="pageref">214</a></p>
+<p>Malaya, hills of Malabar, <a href="#pb9" class="pageref">9</a>,
+<a href="#pb51" class="pageref">51</a>, <a href="#pb105" class=
+"pageref">105</a>, <a href="#pb124" class="pageref">124</a>, <a href=
+"#pb179" class="pageref">179</a>, <a href="#pb186" class=
+"pageref">186</a>, <a href="#pb192" class="pageref">192</a></p>
+<p>M&#257;nasa, a lake, <a href="#pb23" class="pageref">23</a>,
+<a href="#pb41" class="pageref">41</a>, <a href="#pb51" class=
+"pageref">51</a>, <a href="#pb113" class="pageref">113</a>, <a href=
+"#pb190" class="pageref">190</a></p>
+<p>Mandara, Mount, <a href="#pb48" class="pageref">48</a>, <a href=
+"#pb50" class="pageref">50</a>, <a href="#pb64" class="pageref">64</a>,
+<a href="#pb78" class="pageref">78</a>, <a href="#pb85" class=
+"pageref">85</a>, <a href="#pb162" class="pageref">162</a> note.</p>
+<p>Mand&#257;ra, the coral-tree, <a href="#pb105" class=
+"pageref">105</a>, <a href="#pb174" class="pageref">174</a>, <a href=
+"#pb210" class="pageref">210</a>, <a href="#pb211" class=
+"pageref">211</a>, <a href="#pb215" class="pageref">215</a></p>
+<p>M&#257;ndh&#257;t&#7771;i, a king, <a href="#pb57" class=
+"pageref">57</a>, <a href="#pb88" class="pageref">88</a></p>
+<p>Maukharis, the, a family, <a href="#pb1" class="pageref">1</a>
+<span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb226" href="#pb226" name=
+"pb226">226</a>]</span></p>
+<p>Manoram&#257;, &Ccedil;ukan&#257;sa&rsquo;s wife, <a href="#pb57"
+class="pageref">57</a>, <a href="#pb72" class="pageref">72</a>,
+<a href="#pb174" class="pageref">174</a>, <a href="#pb189" class=
+"pageref">189</a>, <a href="#pb207" class="pageref">207</a></p>
+<p>Manorathaprabh&#257;, <a href="#pb.xi" class="pageref">xi</a></p>
+<p><i>Mantra</i>, hymn, <a href="#pb39" class="pageref">39</a>,
+<a href="#pb56" class="pageref">56</a>, <a href="#pb200" class=
+"pageref">200</a></p>
+<p>Maruts, the winds, <a href="#pb100" class="pageref">100</a></p>
+<p>M&#257;t&#7771;ik&#257;s, the, goddesses, <a href="#pb.xvi" class=
+"pageref">xvi</a>, <a href="#pb56" class="pageref">56</a></p>
+<p>Mathur&#257;, a city, <a href="#pb201" class="pageref">201</a></p>
+<p>Mattamay&#363;ra, <a href="#pb168" class="pageref">168</a></p>
+<p>May&#363;rik&#257;, <a href="#pb145" class="pageref">145</a></p>
+<p>Meghad&#363;ta, <a href="#pb96" class="pageref">96</a> note</p>
+<p>Meghan&#257;da, a warrior, <a href="#pb171" class="pageref">171</a>,
+<a href="#pb174" class="pageref">174</a>, <a href="#pb175" class=
+"pageref">175</a>, <a href="#pb185" class="pageref">185</a>, <a href=
+"#pb187" class="pageref">187</a>, <a href="#pb191" class=
+"pageref">191</a>, <a href="#pb198" class="pageref">198</a>, <a href=
+"#pb201" class="pageref">201</a></p>
+<p>Menak&#257;, an Apsaras, <a href="#pb138" class=
+"pageref">138</a></p>
+<p>Meru, Mount, <a href="#pb3" class="pageref">3</a>, <a href="#pb6"
+class="pageref">6</a>, <a href="#pb19" class="pageref">19</a>, <a href=
+"#pb64" class="pageref">64</a>, <a href="#pb85" class="pageref">85</a>,
+<a href="#pb87" class="pageref">87</a>, <a href="#pb114" class=
+"pageref">114</a></p>
+<p>Milky Ocean, <a href="#pb2" class="pageref">2</a>, <a href="#pb85"
+class="pageref">85</a>, <a href="#pb86" class="pageref">86</a>,
+<a href="#pb95" class="pageref">95</a>, <a href="#pb96" class=
+"pageref">96</a>, <a href="#pb102" class="pageref">102</a>, <a href=
+"#pb109" class="pageref">109</a>, <a href="#pb125" class=
+"pageref">125</a>, <a href="#pb156" class="pageref">156</a>, <a href=
+"#pb166" class="pageref">166</a>, <a href="#pb174" class=
+"pageref">174</a></p>
+<p>M&#7771;in&#257;lik&#257;, <a href="#pb144" class=
+"pageref">144</a></p>
+<p>M&#7771;ittik&#257;vat&#299;, a city, <a href="#pb64" class=
+"pageref">64</a></p>
+<p>Muku&#7789;at&#257;&#7693;itaka, <a href="#pb.viii" class=
+"pageref">viii</a></p>
+<p>M&#363;la, a constellation, <a href="#pb46" class=
+"pageref">46</a></p>
+<p>Muni, an Apsaras, <a href="#pb102" class="pageref">102</a></p>
+<p><i>Muni</i>, an ascetic, <a href="#pb39" class="pageref">39</a>, and
+<i>passim</i></p>
+<p>Mu&ntilde;ja, a grass, <a href="#pb19" class="pageref">19</a>,
+<a href="#pb39" class="pageref">39</a>, <a href="#pb104" class=
+"pageref">104</a></p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="div2 letter">
+<div class="divHead">
+<h3 id="xd21e9353" class="main">N.</h3>
+</div>
+<div class="divBody">
+<p class="first">N&#257;ga, a snake, <a href="#pb30" class=
+"pageref">30</a>, <a href="#pb138" class="pageref">138</a>;<br>
+an elephant, <a href="#pb30" class="pageref">30</a></p>
+<p>Nahusha, a serpent, <a href="#pb19" class="pageref">19</a>, <a href=
+"#pb20" class="pageref">20</a>, <a href="#pb47" class="pageref">47</a>,
+<a href="#pb201" class="pageref">201</a></p>
+<p>Nala, a king, <a href="#pb47" class="pageref">47</a>, <a href=
+"#pb50" class="pageref">50</a>, <a href="#pb215" class=
+"pageref">215</a></p>
+<p>Nalacamp&#363;, <a href="#pb.viii" class="pageref">viii</a>,
+<a href="#pb.xiv" class="pageref">xiv</a></p>
+<p>Nalak&#363;bara, a god, <a href="#pb108" class="pageref">108</a></p>
+<p>Nandana, Indra&rsquo;s wood, <a href="#pb21" class="pageref">21</a>,
+<a href="#pb57" class="pageref">57</a>, <a href="#pb109" class=
+"pageref">109</a></p>
+<p>N&#257;rada, a sage, <a href="#pb60" class="pageref">60</a>,
+<a href="#pb162" class="pageref">162</a></p>
+<p>Naraka, a demon, <a href="#pb37" class="pageref">37</a></p>
+<p>Nara-N&#257;r&#257;ya&#7751;a, Arjuna and K&#7771;ish&#7751;a,
+<a href="#pb216" class="pageref">216</a></p>
+<p>N&#257;r&#257;ya&#7751;a, Vish&#7751;u, <a href="#pb4" class=
+"pageref">4</a>, <a href="#pb8" class="pageref">8</a>, <a href="#pb48"
+class="pageref">48</a>, <a href="#pb50" class="pageref">50</a>,
+<a href="#pb54" class="pageref">54</a>, <a href="#pb58" class=
+"pageref">58</a>, <a href="#pb64" class="pageref">64</a>, <a href=
+"#pb78" class="pageref">78</a>, <a href="#pb182" class=
+"pageref">182</a></p>
+<p>Narmad&#257;, or Nerbuddha, river, <a href="#pb27" class=
+"pageref">27</a>, <a href="#pb215" class="pageref">215</a></p>
+<p>Netra, a tree, <a href="#pb18" class="pageref">18</a></p>
+<p>Nipu&#7751;ik&#257;, <a href="#pb144" class="pageref">144</a></p>
+<p>Nish&#257;da, a musical note, <a href="#pb30" class=
+"pageref">30</a>;<br>
+a mountaineer, <a href="#pb.xi" class="pageref">xi</a>, <a href="#pb28"
+class="pageref">28</a>, <a href="#pb30" class="pageref">30</a></p>
+<p>N&#7771;isim&#803;ha, or Narasim&#803;ha, Vish&#7751;u in his
+Man-lion Avatar, <a href="#pb3" class="pageref">3</a>, <a href="#pb85"
+class="pageref">85</a></p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="div2 letter">
+<div class="divHead">
+<h3 id="xd21e9509" class="main">P.</h3>
+</div>
+<div class="divBody">
+<p class="first"><i>Pakshap&#257;ta</i>, partiality, <a href="#pb40"
+class="pageref">40</a> note, <a href="#pb211" class=
+"pageref">211</a></p>
+<p>Pal&#257;&ccedil;a, a tree (<i lang="la-x-bio">Butea Frondosa</i>),
+<a href="#pb18" class="pageref">18</a>, <a href="#pb19" class=
+"pageref">19</a></p>
+<p>Pallavik&#257;, <a href="#pb145" class="pageref">145</a></p>
+<p>Pamp&#257;, a lake, <a href="#pb20" class="pageref">20</a>, <a href=
+"#pb24" class="pageref">24</a></p>
+<p>Panasa, bread-fruit tree, <a href="#pb39" class="pageref">39</a></p>
+<p>P&#257;&ntilde;c&#257;l&#299; style, <a href="#pb.xviii" class=
+"pageref">xviii</a></p>
+<p>Pa&ntilde;cava&#7789;&#299;, a district, <a href="#pb19" class=
+"pageref">19</a></p>
+<p>P&#257;&#7751;&#7693;avas, The, <a href="#pb18" class=
+"pageref">18</a> note, <a href="#pb93" class="pageref">93</a></p>
+<p>P&#257;&#7751;&#7693;u, a king, <a href="#pb137" class=
+"pageref">137</a></p>
+<p>Para&ccedil;ur&#257;ma, avatar of Vish&#7751;u, <a href="#pb6"
+class="pageref">6</a>, <a href="#pb27" class="pageref">27</a>, <a href=
+"#pb61" class="pageref">61</a></p>
+<p>Parih&#257;sa, a parrot, <a href="#pb150" class="pageref">150</a>,
+<a href="#pb151" class="pageref">151</a>, <a href="#pb194" class=
+"pageref">194</a></p>
+<p>Par&#299;kshit, a king, <a href="#pb138" class="pageref">138</a></p>
+<p>P&#257;rij&#257;ta, coral-tree, <a href="#pb109" class=
+"pageref">109</a>, <a href="#pb110" class="pageref">110</a>, <a href=
+"#pb112" class="pageref">112</a>, <a href="#pb117" class=
+"pageref">117</a>, <a href="#pb126" class="pageref">126</a></p>
+<p>P&#257;rvat&#299;, wife of &Ccedil;iva, <a href="#pb8" class=
+"pageref">8</a>, <a href="#pb63" class="pageref">63</a>, <a href=
+"#pb103" class="pageref">103</a></p>
+<p>P&#257;rvat&#299;pari&#7751;aya, <a href="#pb.viii" class=
+"pageref">viii</a></p>
+<p>Patralekh&#257;, the hero&rsquo;s confidante, <a href="#pb75" class=
+"pageref">75</a>, <a href="#pb86" class="pageref">86</a>, <a href=
+"#pb89" class="pageref">89</a>, <a href="#pb141" class=
+"pageref">141</a>, <a href="#pb164" class="pageref">164</a>, <a href=
+"#pb167" class="pageref">167</a>, <a href="#pb169" class=
+"pageref">169</a>, <a href="#pb170" class="pageref">170</a>, <a href=
+"#pb171" class="pageref">171</a>, <a href="#pb173" class=
+"pageref">173</a>, <a href="#pb174" class="pageref">174</a>, <a href=
+"#pb175" class="pageref">175</a>, <a href="#pb177" class=
+"pageref">177</a>, <a href="#pb179" class="pageref">179</a>, <a href=
+"#pb180" class="pageref">180</a>, <a href="#pb183" class=
+"pageref">183</a>, <a href="#pb184" class="pageref">184</a>, <a href=
+"#pb185" class="pageref">185</a>, <a href="#pb187" class=
+"pageref">187</a>, <a href="#pb188" class="pageref">188</a>, <a href=
+"#pb191" class="pageref">191</a>, <a href="#pb193" class=
+"pageref">193</a>, <a href="#pb195" class="pageref">195</a>&ndash;197,
+<a href="#pb208" class="pageref">208</a></p>
+<p>Persia, <a href="#pb62" class="pageref">62</a></p>
+<p>Peterson&rsquo;s Edition of K&#257;dambar&#299;, <a href="#pb.vii"
+class="pageref">vii</a>, <a href="#pb.viii" class="pageref">viii</a>,
+<a href="#pb.xii" class="pageref">xii</a>, <a href="#pb.xvii" class=
+"pageref">xvii</a>, <a href="#pb.xix" class="pageref">xix</a>, <a href=
+"#pb.xx" class="pageref">xx</a>, <a href="#pb.xxiii" class=
+"pageref">xxiii</a></p>
+<p>Pipal, a tree (<i lang="la-x-bio">Ficus Religiosa</i>), <a href=
+"#pb56" class="pageref">56</a></p>
+<p>Pippal&#299;, long pepper, <a href="#pb145" class=
+"pageref">145</a></p>
+<p>Pit&#7771;is, the Manes, <a href="#pb14" class="pageref">14</a>,
+<a href="#pb39" class="pageref">39</a></p>
+<p>Praj&#257;pati, the Creator, <a href="#pb10" class="pageref">10</a>,
+<a href="#pb96" class="pageref">96</a>, <a href="#pb144" class=
+"pageref">144</a>, <a href="#pb169" class="pageref">169</a></p>
+<p>Pramadvar&#257;, an Apsaras, <a href="#pb138" class=
+"pageref">138</a></p>
+<p>Pramathas, demons, <a href="#pb47" class="pageref">47</a>, <a href=
+"#pb210" class="pageref">210</a></p>
+<p>Pramati, an ascetic, <a href="#pb138" class="pageref">138</a></p>
+<p>Prithur&#257;ja, a king, <a href="#pb4" class="pageref">4</a></p>
+<p>Priyan&#775;gu, panic seed, <a href="#pb139" class=
+"pageref">139</a></p>
+<p>Pulastya, <a href="#pb.xi" class="pageref">xi</a></p>
+<p>Pu&#7751;&#7693;ar&#299;ka, a Brahman, <a href="#pb.ix" class=
+"pageref">ix</a>, <a href="#pb.x" class="pageref">x</a>, <a href=
+"#pb.xi" class="pageref">xi</a>, <a href="#pb.xiii" class=
+"pageref">xiii</a>, <a href="#pb.xix" class="pageref">xix</a>, <a href=
+"#pb3" class="pageref">3</a>, <a href="#pb4" class="pageref">4</a>,
+<a href="#pb5" class="pageref">5</a>, <a href="#pb8" class=
+"pageref">8</a>, <a href="#pb9" class="pageref">9</a>, <a href="#pb109"
+class="pageref">109</a>, <a href="#pb110" class="pageref">110</a>,
+<a href="#pb115" class="pageref">115</a>, <a href="#pb116" class=
+"pageref">116</a>, <a href="#pb118" class="pageref">118</a>, <a href=
+"#pb120" class="pageref">120</a>, <a href="#pb121" class=
+"pageref">121</a>, <a href="#pb122" class="pageref">122</a>, <a href=
+"#pb125" class="pageref">125</a>, <a href="#pb126" class=
+"pageref">126</a>, <a href="#pb128" class="pageref">128</a>, <a href=
+"#pb131" class="pageref">131</a>, <a href="#pb133" class=
+"pageref">133</a>, <a href="#pb134" class="pageref">134</a>, <a href=
+"#pb135" class="pageref">135</a>, <a href="#pb136" class=
+"pageref">136</a>, <a href="#pb138" class="pageref">138</a>, <a href=
+"#pb192" class="pageref">192</a>, <a href="#pb193" class=
+"pageref">193</a>, <a href="#pb195" class="pageref">195</a>, <a href=
+"#pb196" class="pageref">196</a>, <a href="#pb197" class=
+"pageref">197</a></p>
+<p>Pur&#257;&#7751;as, sacred legendary histories, <a href="#pb10"
+class="pageref">10</a>, <a href="#pb40" class="pageref">40</a>,
+<a href="#pb60" class="pageref">60</a>, <a href="#pb189" class=
+"pageref">189</a>, <a href="#pb200" class="pageref">200</a>, <a href=
+"#pb212" class="pageref">212</a></p>
+<p>Purushottama, Vish&#7751;u, <a href="#pb79" class="pageref">79</a>
+note</p>
+<p>Pushkara, a place, <a href="#pb37" class="pageref">37</a> note</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="div2 letter">
+<div class="divHead">
+<h3 id="xd21e9945" class="main">R.</h3>
+</div>
+<div class="divBody">
+<p class="first">Raghuvam&#803;&ccedil;a, <a href="#pb94" class=
+"pageref">94</a> note</p>
+<p>R&#257;ghavap&#257;&#7751;&#7693;av&#299;ya, <a href="#pb.xx" class=
+"pageref">xx</a></p>
+<p>Raghu, a king, <a href="#pb20" class="pageref">20</a></p>
+<p>R&#257;hu, the demon of eclipse, <a href="#pb1" class=
+"pageref">1</a>, <a href="#pb31" class="pageref">31</a>, <a href=
+"#pb36" class="pageref">36</a>, <a href="#pb52" class="pageref">52</a>,
+<a href="#pb80" class="pageref">80</a>, <a href="#pb96" class=
+"pageref">96</a>, <a href="#pb214" class="pageref">214</a></p>
+<p>Rajanik&#257;, <a href="#pb144" class="pageref">144</a></p>
+<p>R&#257;kshasas, demons, <a href="#pb137" class="pageref">137</a></p>
+<p>Rallakas, deer, <a href="#pb220" class="pageref">220</a></p>
+<p>R&#257;ma, a king, son of Da&ccedil;aratha, <a href="#pb19" class=
+"pageref">19</a>, <a href="#pb20" class="pageref">20</a>, <a href=
+"#pb21" class="pageref">21</a>, <a href="#pb27" class="pageref">27</a>,
+<a href="#pb40" class="pageref">40</a>, <a href="#pb50" class=
+"pageref">50</a>, <a href="#pb212" class="pageref">212</a>, <a href=
+"#pb215" class="pageref">215</a></p>
+<p>R&#257;m&#257;ya&#7751;a, the epic of R&#257;ma, <a href="#pb40"
+class="pageref">40</a>, <a href="#pb60" class="pageref">60</a>,
+<a href="#pb201" class="pageref">201</a>, <a href="#pb212" class=
+"pageref">212</a></p>
+<p>Rambh&#257;, an Apsaras, <a href="#pb64" class="pageref">64</a></p>
+<p>Ran&#775;ku deer, <a href="#pb23" class="pageref">23</a>, <a href=
+"#pb220" class="pageref">220</a></p>
+<p>Rapin, <a href="#pb105" class="pageref">105</a> note</p>
+<p><i>Rasa</i>, poetic charm, xiii note <span class="pagenum">[<a id=
+"pb227" href="#pb227" name="pb227">227</a>]</span></p>
+<p><i>Rasanopam&#257;</i>, <a href="#pb.xix" class=
+"pageref">xix</a></p>
+<p>Rati, wife of the god of love, <a href="#pb8" class="pageref">8</a>,
+<a href="#pb67" class="pageref">67</a>, <a href="#pb69" class=
+"pageref">69</a>, <a href="#pb96" class="pageref">96</a>, <a href=
+"#pb102" class="pageref">102</a>, <a href="#pb104" class=
+"pageref">104</a>, <a href="#pb137" class="pageref">137</a>, <a href=
+"#pb144" class="pageref">144</a>, <a href="#pb214" class=
+"pageref">214</a>, <a href="#pb215" class="pageref">215</a></p>
+<p>R&#257;va&#7751;a, the demon King of Ceylon, <a href="#pb1" class=
+"pageref">1</a>, <a href="#pb18" class="pageref">18</a>, <a href=
+"#pb19" class="pageref">19</a>, <a href="#pb20" class="pageref">20</a>,
+<a href="#pb27" class="pageref">27</a>, <a href="#pb86" class=
+"pageref">86</a>, <a href="#pb96" class="pageref">96</a>, <a href=
+"#pb215" class="pageref">215</a></p>
+<p>Rig-Veda, <a href="#pb38" class="pageref">38</a> note</p>
+<p><i>Rishi</i>, a sage, <a href="#pb38" class="pageref">38</a>,
+<a href="#pb100" class="pageref">100</a>;<br>
+&#7770;ishis, the Seven (or Seven Sages), <i>Ursa Major</i>, <a href=
+"#pb23" class="pageref">23</a>, <a href="#pb38" class="pageref">38</a>,
+<a href="#pb41" class="pageref">41</a>, <a href="#pb45" class=
+"pageref">45</a>, <a href="#pb46" class="pageref">46</a>, <a href=
+"#pb84" class="pageref">84</a>, <a href="#pb90" class="pageref">90</a>,
+<a href="#pb216" class="pageref">216</a></p>
+<p>&#7770;rishy&#257;&ccedil;&#7771;in&#775;ga, a hermit, <a href=
+"#pb53" class="pageref">53</a></p>
+<p>Rohi&#7751;&#299;, wife of the Moon, <a href="#pb.xxi" class=
+"pageref">xxi</a>, <a href="#pb124" class="pageref">124</a>, <a href=
+"#pb159" class="pageref">159</a>, <a href="#pb206" class=
+"pageref">206</a>, <a href="#pb208" class="pageref">208</a>, <a href=
+"#pb209" class="pageref">209</a></p>
+<p>Rudra, &Ccedil;iva, <a href="#pb40" class="pageref">40</a></p>
+<p>Ruru, an ascetic, <a href="#pb138" class="pageref">138</a></p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="div2 letter">
+<div class="divHead">
+<h3 id="xd21e10218" class="main">S.</h3>
+</div>
+<div class="divBody">
+<p class="first">S&#257;garik&#257;, <a href="#pb144" class=
+"pageref">144</a></p>
+<p>S&#257;hitya-Darpa&#7751;a, <a href="#pb.xii" class=
+"pageref">xii</a>, <a href="#pb.xviii" class="pageref">xviii</a>,
+<a href="#pb.xix" class="pageref">xix</a>, <a href="#pb.xx" class=
+"pageref">xx</a>, <a href="#pb212" class="pageref">212</a> note</p>
+<p>S&#257;ma Veda, <a href="#pb2" class="pageref">2</a>, <a href=
+"#pb37" class="pageref">37</a> note</p>
+<p>S&#257;m&#803;khy&#257; philosophy, <a href="#pb212" class=
+"pageref">212</a></p>
+<p>Saud&#257;sa, a king, <a href="#pb201" class="pageref">201</a></p>
+<p>Sand&#299;pani, a Brahman, <a href="#pb138" class=
+"pageref">138</a></p>
+<p>Saptacchada, or Saptapar&#7751;a, a tree (<i lang=
+"la-x-bio">Alstonia</i>), <a href="#pb18" class="pageref">18</a>,
+<a href="#pb28" class="pageref">28</a>, <a href="#pb81" class=
+"pageref">81</a></p>
+<p>Sarv&#257;stiv&#257;din, <a href="#pb212" class="pageref">212</a>
+note</p>
+<p>Sarasvat&#299;, goddess of eloquence, <a href="#pb.xiii" class=
+"pageref">xiii</a>, <a href="#pb2" class="pageref">2</a>, <a href=
+"#pb3" class="pageref">3</a>, <a href="#pb4" class="pageref">4</a>,
+<a href="#pb41" class="pageref">41</a>, <a href="#pb104" class=
+"pageref">104</a>, <a href="#pb105" class="pageref">105</a></p>
+<p><i>Sat&#299;</i>, a wife killing herself at her husband&rsquo;s
+death, <a href="#pb69" class="pageref">69</a></p>
+<p>Sena, a Gandharva, <a href="#pb102" class="pageref">102</a></p>
+<p>Seph&#257;lik&#257;, a tree (<i lang="la-x-bio">Nyctanthes Arbor
+Tristis</i>), <a href="#pb7" class="pageref">7</a>, <a href="#pb23"
+class="pageref">23</a></p>
+<p>Setubandha, Mount, <a href="#pb215" class="pageref">215</a></p>
+<p>Shakespeare&rsquo;s &lsquo;Merchant of Venice,&rsquo; &lsquo;Julius
+C&aelig;sar,&rsquo; <a href="#pb.xix" class="pageref">xix</a></p>
+<p>Siddhas, the, semi-divine beings, <a href="#pb45" class=
+"pageref">45</a>, <a href="#pb56" class="pageref">56</a>, <a href=
+"#pb98" class="pageref">98</a>, <a href="#pb108" class=
+"pageref">108</a>, <a href="#pb137" class="pageref">137</a>, <a href=
+"#pb210" class="pageref">210</a></p>
+<p>Sinduv&#257;ra, shrub (<i lang="la-x-bio">Vitex Negundo</i>),
+<a href="#pb46" class="pageref">46</a>, <a href="#pb97" class=
+"pageref">97</a>, <a href="#pb159" class="pageref">159</a></p>
+<p>Sindhu, Sindh, <a href="#pb137" class="pageref">137</a></p>
+<p>Sipr&#257;, river, <a href="#pb.xvi" class="pageref">xvi</a>,
+<a href="#pb59" class="pageref">59</a>, <a href="#pb185" class=
+"pageref">185</a>, <a href="#pb211" class="pageref">211</a></p>
+<p>Sir&#299;sha, <i>v.</i> &Ccedil;ir&#299;sha, <a href="#pb162" class=
+"pageref">162</a></p>
+<p>S&#299;t&#257;, wife of R&#257;ma, <a href="#pb17" class=
+"pageref">17</a>, <a href="#pb19" class="pageref">19</a>, <a href=
+"#pb20" class="pageref">20</a></p>
+<p>Sm&#7771;iti, divine tradition, <a href="#pb2" class=
+"pageref">2</a></p>
+<p>Soma, juice of a plant used in sacrifice, <a href="#pb2" class=
+"pageref">2</a>, <a href="#pb3" class="pageref">3</a>, <a href="#pb40"
+class="pageref">40</a>;<br>
+(the moon), <a href="#pb36" class="pageref">36</a>, <a href="#pb125"
+class="pageref">125</a>, <a href="#pb204" class="pageref">204</a>
+note</p>
+<p>Somadeva, <a href="#pb.xi" class="pageref">xi</a></p>
+<p>Somaprabha, <a href="#pb.xi" class="pageref">xi</a></p>
+<p>Sth&#363;la&ccedil;iras, an ascetic, <a href="#pb64" class=
+"pageref">64</a></p>
+<p>Sth&#363;lake&ccedil;a, an ascetic, <a href="#pb138" class=
+"pageref">138</a></p>
+<p>Subandhu, <a href="#pb.xx" class="pageref">xx</a></p>
+<p>Subh&#257;shit&#257;vali, viii note, <a href="#pb1" class=
+"pageref">1</a></p>
+<p>Subrahma&#7751;y&#257;, Vedic verses, <a href="#pb39" class=
+"pageref">39</a></p>
+<p>Sumanas, <a href="#pb.xi" class="pageref">xi</a></p>
+<p>Sumitr&#257;, wife of Da&ccedil;aratha, <a href="#pb215" class=
+"pageref">215</a> note</p>
+<p>Sun&#257;s&#299;ra, Indra, <a href="#pb50" class=
+"pageref">50</a></p>
+<p>Sup&#257;r&ccedil;va, Mount, <a href="#pb162" class=
+"pageref">162</a> note</p>
+<p>Suras, the, the gods, <a href="#pb63" class="pageref">63</a></p>
+<p>S&#363;rasena, a king, <a href="#pb137" class="pageref">137</a></p>
+<p>Sushumn&#257;, a ray of the sun, <a href="#pb106" class=
+"pageref">106</a></p>
+<p>Suvar&#7751;apura, a city, <a href="#pb90" class="pageref">90</a>,
+<a href="#pb91" class="pageref">91</a></p>
+<p>Svabh&#257;vokti, description of natural properties, <a href=
+"#pb.xx" class="pageref">xx</a></p>
+<p>Svayam&#803;vara, the choice of a husband by a princess, <a href=
+"#pb180" class="pageref">180</a></p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="div2 letter">
+<div class="divHead">
+<h3 id="xd21e10534" class="main">T.</h3>
+</div>
+<div class="divBody">
+<p class="first">T&#257;l&#299;, a palm-tree, <a href="#pb161" class=
+"pageref">161</a></p>
+<p>Tam&#257;la, a tree (<i lang="la-x-bio">Xanthochymus Pictorius</i>),
+<a href="#pb3" class="pageref">3</a>, <a href="#pb16" class=
+"pageref">16</a>, <a href="#pb18" class="pageref">18</a>, <a href=
+"#pb27" class="pageref">27</a>, <a href="#pb28" class="pageref">28</a>,
+<a href="#pb34" class="pageref">34</a>, <a href="#pb46" class=
+"pageref">46</a>, <a href="#pb99" class="pageref">99</a>, <a href=
+"#pb117" class="pageref">117</a>, <a href="#pb144" class=
+"pageref">144</a>, <a href="#pb154" class="pageref">154</a>, <a href=
+"#pb161" class="pageref">161</a></p>
+<p>Tam&#257;lik&#257;, K&#257;dambar&#299;&rsquo;s betel-bearer,
+<a href="#pb150" class="pageref">150</a>, <a href="#pb156" class=
+"pageref">156</a>, <a href="#pb159" class="pageref">159</a>, <a href=
+"#pb164" class="pageref">164</a>, <a href="#pb172" class=
+"pageref">172</a>, <a href="#pb173" class="pageref">173</a>, <a href=
+"#pb175" class="pageref">175</a></p>
+<p>T&#257;r&#257;, wife of the monkey king, <a href="#pb24" class=
+"pageref">24</a>;<br>
+wife of B&#7771;ihaspati, <a href="#pb46" class="pageref">46</a></p>
+<p>T&#257;raka, a demon, <a href="#pb49" class="pageref">49</a></p>
+<p>Taralaka, a fawn, <a href="#pb194" class="pageref">194</a></p>
+<p>Taralik&#257;, Mah&#257;&ccedil;vet&#257;&rsquo;s betel-bearer,
+<a href="#pb112" class="pageref">112</a>, <a href="#pb114" class=
+"pageref">114</a>, <a href="#pb115" class="pageref">115</a>, <a href=
+"#pb123" class="pageref">123</a>, <a href="#pb124" class=
+"pageref">124</a>, <a href="#pb126" class="pageref">126</a>, <a href=
+"#pb127" class="pageref">127</a>, <a href="#pb129" class=
+"pageref">129</a>, <a href="#pb131" class="pageref">131</a>, <a href=
+"#pb132" class="pageref">132</a>, <a href="#pb133" class=
+"pageref">133</a>, <a href="#pb134" class="pageref">134</a>, <a href=
+"#pb135" class="pageref">135</a>, <a href="#pb139" class=
+"pageref">139</a>, <a href="#pb141" class="pageref">141</a>, <a href=
+"#pb142" class="pageref">142</a>, <a href="#pb157" class=
+"pageref">157</a>, <a href="#pb158" class="pageref">158</a>, <a href=
+"#pb165" class="pageref">165</a>, <a href="#pb191" class=
+"pageref">191</a>, <a href="#pb192" class="pageref">192</a>, <a href=
+"#pb193" class="pageref">193</a></p>
+<p>T&#257;r&#257;p&#299;&#7693;a, a king, <a href="#pb.ix" class=
+"pageref">ix</a>, <a href="#pb.x" class="pageref">x</a>, <a href=
+"#pb47" class="pageref">47</a>, <a href="#pb50" class="pageref">50</a>,
+<a href="#pb59" class="pageref">59</a>, <a href="#pb72" class=
+"pageref">72</a>, <a href="#pb84" class="pageref">84</a>, <a href=
+"#pb88" class="pageref">88</a>, <a href="#pb147" class=
+"pageref">147</a>, <a href="#pb161" class="pageref">161</a>, <a href=
+"#pb170" class="pageref">170</a>, <a href="#pb197" class=
+"pageref">197</a>, <a href="#pb198" class="pageref">198</a>, <a href=
+"#pb207" class="pageref">207</a>, <a href="#pb208" class=
+"pageref">208</a></p>
+<p>Tawney, Mr. C, <a href="#pb.xi" class="pageref">xi</a>, <a href=
+"#pb.xvi" class="pageref">xvi</a></p>
+<p>Telugu-Canarese, <a href="#pb.xiv" class="pageref">xiv</a></p>
+<p>Thomas, Mr. F. W., <a href="#pb.vii" class="pageref">vii</a>,
+<a href="#pb.xxiii" class="pageref">xxiii</a></p>
+<p><i>Tilaka</i>, a sectarial mark on the forehead, <a href="#pb8"
+class="pageref">8</a>, <a href="#pb17" class="pageref">17</a>, <a href=
+"#pb105" class="pageref">105</a>;<br>
+(a tree), <a href="#pb17" class="pageref">17</a></p>
+<p>Tri&ccedil;am&#803;ku, a king, <a href="#pb6" class="pageref">6</a>,
+<a href="#pb90" class="pageref">90</a>, <a href="#pb201" class=
+"pageref">201</a></p>
+<p><i>Trida&#7751;&#7693;aka</i>, the three staves of an ascetic,
+<a href="#pb39" class="pageref">39</a></p>
+<p><i>Tripu&#7751;&#7693;raka</i>, a sectarial mark, <a href="#pb129"
+class="pageref">129</a></p>
+<p>Tripura, a town, <a href="#pb214" class="pageref">214</a></p>
+<p>Tryambaka, &Ccedil;iva, <a href="#pb1" class="pageref">1</a></p>
+<p>Tvaritaka, a man, <a href="#pb199" class="pageref">199</a>, <a href=
+"#pb200" class="pageref">200</a></p>
+<p>Twice-born, the, Brahmans, <a href="#pb2" class="pageref">2</a></p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="div2 letter">
+<div class="divHead">
+<h3 id="xd21e10837" class="main">U.</h3>
+</div>
+<div class="divBody">
+<p class="first">Uccaih&#803;&ccedil;ravas, Indra&rsquo;s steed,
+<a href="#pb62" class="pageref">62</a>, <a href="#pb64" class=
+"pageref">64</a>, <a href="#pb78" class="pageref">78</a></p>
+<p>Ujjayin&#299;, a city, <a href="#pb.ix" class="pageref">ix</a>,
+<a href="#pb.xvi" class="pageref">xvi</a>, <a href="#pb47" class=
+"pageref">47</a>, <a href="#pb138" class="pageref">138</a>, <a href=
+"#pb161" class="pageref">161</a>, <a href="#pb170" class=
+"pageref">170</a>, <a href="#pb172" class="pageref">172</a>, <a href=
+"#pb173" class="pageref">173</a>, <a href="#pb185" class=
+"pageref">185</a>, <a href="#pb189" class="pageref">189</a>, <a href=
+"#pb197" class="pageref">197</a>, <a href="#pb199" class=
+"pageref">199</a>, <a href="#pb209" class="pageref">209</a>, <a href=
+"#pb210" class="pageref">210</a></p>
+<p>Ul&#363;p&#257;, a snake-maiden, <a href="#pb138" class=
+"pageref">138</a> <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb228" href="#pb228"
+name="pb228">228</a>]</span></p>
+<p>Um&#257;, the goddess Durg&#257;, <a href="#pb30" class=
+"pageref">30</a>, <a href="#pb182" class="pageref">182</a></p>
+<p><i>&#362;r&#7751;&#257;</i>, hair meeting between the brows,
+<a href="#pb.xvii" class="pageref">xvii</a></p>
+<p>Ushm&#257;pas, The, spirits of ancestors, <a href="#pb44" class=
+"pageref">44</a></p>
+<p>Uttar&#257;, a princess, <a href="#pb137" class="pageref">137</a>,
+<a href="#pb138" class="pageref">138</a></p>
+<p>Uttara-R&#257;ma-Caritra, <a href="#pb27" class="pageref">27</a>
+note</p>
+<p>Utpalik&#257;, <a href="#pb144" class="pageref">144</a></p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="div2 letter">
+<div class="divHead">
+<h3 id="xd21e10942" class="main">V.</h3>
+</div>
+<div class="divBody">
+<p class="first">V&#257;caspatya by V&#257;caspati,
+T&#257;ran&#257;tha, <a href="#pb180" class="pageref">180</a></p>
+<p>Va&ccedil;ish&#7789;ha, a sage, <a href="#pb46" class=
+"pageref">46</a> note, <a href="#pb50" class="pageref">50</a></p>
+<p>Vaibh&#257;shikas, a Buddhist school, <a href="#pb212" class=
+"pageref">212</a> note</p>
+<p>Vai&ccedil;amp&#257;yana, a parrot, <a href="#pb.vii" class=
+"pageref">vii</a>, <a href="#pb.viii" class="pageref">viii</a>,
+<a href="#pb.ix" class="pageref">ix</a>, <a href="#pb.x" class=
+"pageref">x</a>, <a href="#pb.xi" class="pageref">xi</a>, <a href=
+"#pb10" class="pageref">10</a>, <a href="#pb13" class="pageref">13</a>,
+<a href="#pb15" class="pageref">15</a>, <a href="#pb16" class=
+"pageref">16</a>, <a href="#pb200" class="pageref">200</a>, <a href=
+"#pb202" class="pageref">202</a>, <a href="#pb206" class=
+"pageref">206</a>, <a href="#pb207" class="pageref">207</a>, <a href=
+"#pb218" class="pageref">218</a>;<br>
+&Ccedil;ukan&#257;sa&rsquo;s son, <a href="#pb59" class=
+"pageref">59</a>, <a href="#pb60" class="pageref">60</a>, <a href=
+"#pb61" class="pageref">61</a>, <a href="#pb65" class="pageref">65</a>,
+<a href="#pb69" class="pageref">69</a>, <a href="#pb70" class=
+"pageref">70</a>, <a href="#pb71" class="pageref">71</a>, <a href=
+"#pb72" class="pageref">72</a>, <a href="#pb74" class="pageref">74</a>,
+<a href="#pb87" class="pageref">87</a>, <a href="#pb89" class=
+"pageref">89</a>, <a href="#pb141" class="pageref">141</a>, <a href=
+"#pb164" class="pageref">164</a>, <a href="#pb167" class=
+"pageref">167</a>, <a href="#pb170" class="pageref">170</a>, <a href=
+"#pb172" class="pageref">172</a>, <a href="#pb174" class=
+"pageref">174</a>, <a href="#pb187" class="pageref">187</a>, <a href=
+"#pb188" class="pageref">188</a>, <a href="#pb189" class=
+"pageref">189</a>, <a href="#pb190" class="pageref">190</a>, <a href=
+"#pb191" class="pageref">191</a></p>
+<p>Vainateya, Garu&#7693;a, <a href="#pb4" class="pageref">4</a></p>
+<p>Vaka, a demon, <a href="#pb29" class="pageref">29</a></p>
+<p><i>Vakrokti</i>, <a href="#pb.xx" class="pageref">xx</a></p>
+<p><i>Vaktra</i>, <a href="#pb.xii" class="pageref">xii</a></p>
+<p>Vallisneria, a water-plant, <a href="#pb22" class="pageref">22</a>,
+<a href="#pb69" class="pageref">69</a>, <a href="#pb163" class=
+"pageref">163</a></p>
+<p>Vanam&#257;l&#257;, <a href="#pb21" class="pageref">21</a> note</p>
+<p>Varu&#7751;a, god of ocean, <a href="#pb17" class="pageref">17</a>,
+<a href="#pb20" class="pageref">20</a>, <a href="#pb36" class=
+"pageref">36</a>, <a href="#pb90" class="pageref">90</a>, <a href=
+"#pb92" class="pageref">92</a>, <a href="#pb204" class=
+"pageref">204</a> note;<br>
+a tree (<i lang="la-x-bio">Crataeva Roxburghii</i>), <a href="#pb17"
+class="pageref">17</a>, <a href="#pb158" class="pageref">158</a></p>
+<p><i>V&#257;ru&#7751;a</i>, wine, <a href="#pb17" class=
+"pageref">17</a></p>
+<p>V&#257;savadatt&#257;, <a href="#pb3" class="pageref">3</a> note</p>
+<p>Vasudeva, a king, <a href="#pb201" class="pageref">201</a></p>
+<p>V&#257;suk&#299;, a serpent, <a href="#pb64" class="pageref">64</a>,
+<a href="#pb66" class="pageref">66</a>, <a href="#pb216" class=
+"pageref">216</a></p>
+<p>Vasus, the, gods, <a href="#pb40" class="pageref">40</a>, <a href=
+"#pb201" class="pageref">201</a></p>
+<p>V&#257;t&#257;pi, a demon, <a href="#pb19" class=
+"pageref">19</a></p>
+<p>V&#257;tsy&#257;yana family, <a href="#pb.vii" class=
+"pageref">vii</a>, <a href="#pb2" class="pageref">2</a></p>
+<p>Veda, <a href="#pb1" class="pageref">1</a> note, <a href="#pb3"
+class="pageref">3</a>, <a href="#pb15" class="pageref">15</a>, <a href=
+"#pb39" class="pageref">39</a>, <a href="#pb41" class="pageref">41</a>,
+<a href="#pb50" class="pageref">50</a>, <a href="#pb56" class=
+"pageref">56</a>, <a href="#pb96" class="pageref">96</a>, <a href=
+"#pb101" class="pageref">101</a>, <a href="#pb110" class=
+"pageref">110</a>, <a href="#pb200" class="pageref">200</a>, <a href=
+"#pb203" class="pageref">203</a></p>
+<p>Ved&#257;n&#775;gas, works explaining the Vedas, <a href="#pb50"
+class="pageref">50</a></p>
+<p>Ved&#257;nta S&#257;ra, <a href="#pb180" class="pageref">180</a>
+note</p>
+<p>Vibh&#257;&#7751;&#7693;aka, an ascetic, <a href="#pb54" class=
+"pageref">54</a></p>
+<p><i>Vicitram</i>, <a href="#pb.xix" class="pageref">xix</a></p>
+<p>Vi&ccedil;ravasa, a god, father of Kuvera, <a href="#pb.xvi" class=
+"pageref">xvi</a>, <a href="#pb217" class="pageref">217</a></p>
+<p>Vi&ccedil;v&#257;mitra, a sage, <a href="#pb50" class=
+"pageref">50</a></p>
+<p>Vi&ccedil;v&#257;vasu, a Gandharva king, <a href="#pb138" class=
+"pageref">138</a>, <a href="#pb162" class="pageref">162</a></p>
+<p>Vidy&#257;dharas, inferior deities, <a href="#pb.xi" class=
+"pageref">xi</a>, <a href="#pb.xii" class="pageref">xii</a>, <a href=
+"#pb141" class="pageref">141</a>, <a href="#pb145" class=
+"pageref">145</a></p>
+<p>Vil&#257;savat&#299;, a queen, <a href="#pb51" class=
+"pageref">51</a>, <a href="#pb52" class="pageref">52</a>, <a href=
+"#pb55" class="pageref">55</a>, <a href="#pb57" class="pageref">57</a>,
+<a href="#pb58" class="pageref">58</a>, <a href="#pb50" class=
+"pageref">50</a>, <a href="#pb69" class="pageref">69</a>, <a href=
+"#pb73" class="pageref">73</a>, <a href="#pb74" class="pageref">74</a>,
+<a href="#pb76" class="pageref">76</a>, <a href="#pb84" class=
+"pageref">84</a>, <a href="#pb161" class="pageref">161</a>, <a href=
+"#pb174" class="pageref">174</a>, <a href="#pb184" class=
+"pageref">184</a>, <a href="#pb188" class="pageref">188</a>, <a href=
+"#pb190" class="pageref">190</a>, <a href="#pb199" class=
+"pageref">199</a>, <a href="#pb202" class="pageref">202</a>, <a href=
+"#pb207" class="pageref">207</a>, <a href="#pb217" class=
+"pageref">217</a></p>
+<p>Vindhya, forest, <a href="#pb.viii" class="pageref">viii</a>,
+<a href="#pb6" class="pageref">6</a>, <a href="#pb16" class=
+"pageref">16</a>, <a href="#pb28" class="pageref">28</a>, <a href=
+"#pb33" class="pageref">33</a>;<br>
+mountain, <a href="#pb18" class="pageref">18</a>, <a href="#pb22"
+class="pageref">22</a>, <a href="#pb28" class="pageref">28</a>,
+<a href="#pb30" class="pageref">30</a></p>
+<p><i>V&#299;n&#257;</i>, lute, <a href="#pb10" class=
+"pageref">10</a></p>
+<p>Vinat&#257;, mother of Garu&#7693;a, <a href="#pb2" class=
+"pageref">2</a>, <a href="#pb4" class="pageref">4</a></p>
+<p>Vipula, a man, <a href="#pb17" class="pageref">17</a></p>
+<p>Vir&#257;&#7789;a, a king, <a href="#pb18" class="pageref">18</a>,
+<a href="#pb137" class="pageref">137</a></p>
+<p>Viri&ntilde;ca, Brahm&#257;, <a href="#pb.xvi" class=
+"pageref">xvi</a>, <a href="#pb162" class="pageref">162</a></p>
+<p><i>Virodha</i>, <a href="#pb.xix" class="pageref">xix</a></p>
+<p><i>Vishamam</i>, <a href="#pb.xix" class="pageref">xix</a></p>
+<p>Vish&#7751;u, <a href="#pb1" class="pageref">1</a>, <a href="#pb3"
+class="pageref">3</a>, <a href="#pb18" class="pageref">18</a>, <a href=
+"#pb33" class="pageref">33</a>, <a href="#pb39" class="pageref">39</a>,
+<a href="#pb45" class="pageref">45</a>, <a href="#pb48" class=
+"pageref">48</a>, <a href="#pb53" class="pageref">53</a>, <a href=
+"#pb57" class="pageref">57</a>, <a href="#pb72" class="pageref">72</a>,
+<a href="#pb79" class="pageref">79</a> note, <a href="#pb82" class=
+"pageref">82</a> note, <a href="#pb158" class="pageref">158</a>,
+<a href="#pb213" class="pageref">213</a>, <a href="#pb215" class=
+"pageref">215</a></p>
+<p>Vish&#7751;u-Pur&#257;&#7751;a, <a href="#pb1" class="pageref">1</a>
+note, <a href="#pb27" class="pageref">27</a> note, <a href="#pb41"
+class="pageref">41</a> note, <a href="#pb44" class="pageref">44</a>
+note, <a href="#pb106" class="pageref">106</a> note, <a href="#pb120"
+class="pageref">120</a> note, <a href="#pb134" class="pageref">134</a>
+note, <a href="#pb162" class="pageref">162</a> note, <a href="#pb201"
+class="pageref">201</a></p>
+<p>V&#7771;ishaparvan, <span class="corr" id="xd21e11529" title=
+"Source: Civa">&Ccedil;iva</span>, <a href="#pb50" class=
+"pageref">50</a></p>
+<p>V&#7771;ish&#7751;i, a family, <a href="#pb137" class=
+"pageref">137</a></p>
+<p>Vy&#257;sa, a seer, <a href="#pb30" class="pageref">30</a></p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="div2 letter">
+<div class="divHead">
+<h3 id="xd21e11547" class="main">W.</h3>
+</div>
+<div class="divBody">
+<p class="first">Weber, Professor, <a href="#pb.xviii" class=
+"pageref">xviii</a>, <a href="#pb97" class="pageref">97</a> note</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="div2 letter">
+<div class="divHead">
+<h3 id="xd21e11558" class="main">Y.</h3>
+</div>
+<div class="divBody">
+<p class="first">Yajur Veda, <a href="#pb2" class="pageref">2</a></p>
+<p>Yakshas, demigods subject to Kuvera, <a href="#pb9" class=
+"pageref">9</a></p>
+<p>Yama, god of death, <a href="#pb4" class="pageref">4</a>, <a href=
+"#pb16" class="pageref">16</a>, <a href="#pb85" class="pageref">85</a>,
+<a href="#pb204" class="pageref">204</a> note</p>
+<p>Yamadagni, a Brahman, <a href="#pb201" class="pageref">201</a></p>
+<p>Yamun&#257;, the river Jumna, <a href="#pb8" class="pageref">8</a>,
+<a href="#pb9" class="pageref">9</a>, <a href="#pb22" class=
+"pageref">22</a>, <a href="#pb28" class="pageref">28</a>, <a href=
+"#pb33" class="pageref">33</a>, <a href="#pb88" class="pageref">88</a>,
+<a href="#pb156" class="pageref">156</a>, <a href="#pb175" class=
+"pageref">175</a></p>
+<p>Yay&#257;ti, a king, <a href="#pb47" class="pageref">47</a>,
+<a href="#pb201" class="pageref">201</a></p>
+<p>Yoga, practice of religious concentration, <a href="#pb39" class=
+"pageref">39</a>, <a href="#pb49" class="pageref">49</a>, <a href=
+"#pb128" class="pageref">128</a></p>
+<p>Yojanab&#257;hu, a demon, <a href="#pb20" class="pageref">20</a></p>
+<p>Yojanagandh&#257;, Vy&#257;sa&rsquo;s mother, <a href="#pb30" class=
+"pageref">30</a></p>
+<p>Yuddhish&#7789;hira, a king, <a href="#pb50" class=
+"pageref">50</a></p>
+<p><i>Yuga</i>, era, <a href="#pb144" class="pageref">144</a>
+<span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb229" href="#pb229" name=
+"pb229">229</a>]</span></p>
+</div>
+</div>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="div1 index">
+<div class="divHead">
+<h2 class="main">GENERAL INDEX.<a class="noteref" id="xd21e11662src"
+href="#xd21e11662" name="xd21e11662src">1</a></h2>
+<div class="transcribernote indextoc"><a href="#xd21e11666">A</a> |
+<a href="#xd21e11831">B</a> | <a href="#xd21e11891">C</a> | <a href=
+"#xd21e11968">D</a> | <a href="#xd21e12264">E</a> | <a href=
+"#xd21e12286">F</a> | <a href="#xd21e12324">G</a> | <a href=
+"#xd21e12413">H</a> | <a href="#xd21e12421">J</a> | <a href=
+"#xd21e12438">K</a> | <a href="#xd21e12477">L</a> | <a href=
+"#xd21e12544">M</a> | <a href="#xd21e12856">O</a> | <a href=
+"#xd21e12864">P</a> | <a href="#xd21e12927">Q</a> | <a href=
+"#xd21e12935">R</a> | <a href="#xd21e13123">S</a> | <a href=
+"#xd21e13216">T</a> | <a href="#xd21e13261">U</a> | <a href=
+"#xd21e13275">V</a> | <a href="#xd21e13307">W</a> | <a href=
+"#xd21e13599">Y</a></div>
+<div class="div2 letter">
+<div class="divHead">
+<h3 id="xd21e11666" class="main">A.</h3>
+</div>
+<div class="divBody">
+<p class="first">Accomplishments, <a href="#pb10" class=
+"pageref">10</a>, <a href="#pb60" class="pageref">60</a></p>
+<p>A&ccedil;oka-tree budding when touched by a woman&rsquo;s foot,
+<a href="#pb178" class="pageref">178</a></p>
+<p>Adornments, <a href="#pb7" class="pageref">7</a>, <a href="#pb8"
+class="pageref">8</a>, <a href="#pb9" class="pageref">9</a>, <a href=
+"#pb12" class="pageref">12</a>, <a href="#pb14" class="pageref">14</a>,
+<a href="#pb17" class="pageref">17</a>, <a href="#pb18" class=
+"pageref">18</a>, <a href="#pb35" class="pageref">35</a>, <a href=
+"#pb38" class="pageref">38</a>, <a href="#pb51" class="pageref">51</a>,
+<a href="#pb52" class="pageref">52</a>, <a href="#pb65" class=
+"pageref">65</a>, <a href="#pb74" class="pageref">74</a>, <a href=
+"#pb84" class="pageref">84</a>, <a href="#pb97" class="pageref">97</a>,
+<a href="#pb117" class="pageref">117</a>, <a href="#pb159" class=
+"pageref">159</a>, <a href="#pb169" class="pageref">169</a>, <a href=
+"#pb174" class="pageref">174</a>, <a href="#pb198" class=
+"pageref">198</a>, <a href="#pb217" class="pageref">217</a></p>
+<p>Amulets, <a href="#pb10" class="pageref">10</a>, <a href="#pb56"
+class="pageref">56</a>, <a href="#pb129" class="pageref">129</a></p>
+<p>Animals, <a href="#pb16" class="pageref">16</a>, <a href="#pb20"
+class="pageref">20</a>, <a href="#pb22" class="pageref">22</a>,
+<a href="#pb26" class="pageref">26</a>, <a href="#pb29" class=
+"pageref">29</a>, <a href="#pb36" class="pageref">36</a>, <a href=
+"#pb42" class="pageref">42</a>, <a href="#pb73" class="pageref">73</a>,
+<a href="#pb92" class="pageref">92</a>, <a href="#pb145" class=
+"pageref">145</a>, <a href="#pb219" class="pageref">219</a>, <a href=
+"#pb220" class="pageref">220</a></p>
+<p>Anointing a necklace, <a href="#pb165" class="pageref">165</a></p>
+<p>Ascetic&rsquo;s spirit passing beyond the world of gods, <a href=
+"#pb207" class="pageref">207</a></p>
+<p>Astrologers, <a href="#pb190" class="pageref">190</a></p>
+<p>Atheistic philosophy, <a href="#pb114" class="pageref">114</a></p>
+<p>Auspicious songs of dawn, <a href="#pb214" class=
+"pageref">214</a>;<br>
+words for dismounting, <a href="#pb216" class="pageref">216</a></p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="div2 letter">
+<div class="divHead">
+<h3 id="xd21e11831" class="main">B.</h3>
+</div>
+<div class="divBody">
+<p class="first">B&#257;&#7751;a, life, vii; works, viii;<br>
+references to, <a href="#pb.xii" class="pageref">xii</a>, xiv;<br>
+style of, xvii-xx; genealogy of, <a href="#pb2" class="pageref">2</a>,
+<a href="#pb3" class="pageref">3</a></p>
+<p>Bathing<br>
+in cowsheds, <a href="#pb55" class="pageref">55</a>;<br>
+in snake-ponds, <a href="#pb56" class="pageref">56</a></p>
+<p>Bees, forming<br>
+an earring, <a href="#pb117" class="pageref">117</a>;<br>
+a veil, <a href="#pb126" class="pageref">126</a>, <a href="#pb155"
+class="pageref">155</a></p>
+<p>Begging-bowl, <a href="#pb99" class="pageref">99</a></p>
+<p>Bracelet as a good omen, <a href="#pb198" class=
+"pageref">198</a></p>
+<p>Buddhists, <a href="#pb212" class="pageref">212</a></p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="div2 letter">
+<div class="divHead">
+<h3 id="xd21e11891" class="main">C.</h3>
+</div>
+<div class="divBody">
+<p class="first">Changed relationships in another birth, <a href=
+"#pb207" class="pageref">207</a>, <a href="#pb208" class=
+"pageref">208</a></p>
+<p>&Ccedil;iva&rsquo;s shrine and <i>lin&#775;ga</i>, <a href="#pb95"
+class="pageref">95</a>;<br>
+his four faces, <a href="#pb95" class="pageref">95</a></p>
+<p>Conjuror&rsquo;s fan, a, <a href="#pb114" class=
+"pageref">114</a></p>
+<p>Creation by thought, <a href="#pb10" class="pageref">10</a></p>
+<p>Curses, <a href="#pb64" class="pageref">64</a>, <a href="#pb137"
+class="pageref">137</a>, <a href="#pb141" class="pageref">141</a>,
+<a href="#pb196" class="pageref">196</a>, <a href="#pb197" class=
+"pageref">197</a>, <a href="#pb201" class="pageref">201</a>, <a href=
+"#pb207" class="pageref">207</a>;<br>
+cannot be recalled, <a href="#pb197" class="pageref">197</a>;<br>
+founded on appeal to truth, <a href="#pb193" class="pageref">193</a>,
+<a href="#pb203" class="pageref">203</a>;<br>
+Agni&rsquo;s curse on parrots and elephants, <a href="#pb11" class=
+"pageref">11</a></p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="div2 letter">
+<div class="divHead">
+<h3 id="xd21e11968" class="main">D.</h3>
+</div>
+<div class="divBody">
+<p class="first">Dangers of youth and prosperity, <a href="#pb76"
+class="pageref">76</a></p>
+<p>Dead restored to life, the, <a href="#pb138" class=
+"pageref">138</a></p>
+<p>Descriptions of ascetics, <a href="#pb19" class="pageref">19</a>,
+<a href="#pb35" class="pageref">35</a>, <a href="#pb104" class=
+"pageref">104</a>;<br>
+ascetic&rsquo;s cave, <a href="#pb99" class="pageref">99</a>;<br>
+ascetic&rsquo;s employments, <a href="#pb39" class="pageref">39</a>,
+<a href="#pb135" class="pageref">135</a>;<br>
+ascetic women, <a href="#pb162" class="pageref">162</a>;<br>
+&Ccedil;abaras, <a href="#pb27" class="pageref">27</a>;<br>
+an encampment, <a href="#pb173" class="pageref">173</a>;<br>
+Ca&#7751;&#7693;&#257;la village, <a href="#pb204" class=
+"pageref">204</a>;<br>
+chase, the, <a href="#pb24" class="pageref">24</a>, <a href="#pb73"
+class="pageref">73</a>;<br>
+childhood, <a href="#pb54" class="pageref">54</a>;<br>
+crown prince&rsquo;s palace, <a href="#pb89" class=
+"pageref">89</a>;<br>
+dawn, <a href="#pb23" class="pageref">23</a>;<br>
+divine being, a, <a href="#pb133" class="pageref">133</a>;<br>
+evening, <a href="#pb44" class="pageref">44</a>, <a href="#pb114"
+class="pageref">114</a>, <a href="#pb139" class="pageref">139</a>,
+<a href="#pb160" class="pageref">160</a>;<br>
+forest, <a href="#pb16" class="pageref">16</a>;<br>
+hall of audience, <a href="#pb12" class="pageref">12</a>, <a href=
+"#pb14" class="pageref">14</a>;<br>
+hall of exercise, <a href="#pb13" class="pageref">13</a>, <a href=
+"#pb59" class="pageref">59</a>;<br>
+hermitage, <a href="#pb18" class="pageref">18</a>, <a href="#pb24"
+class="pageref">24</a>, <a href="#pb38" class=
+"pageref">38</a><span class="corr" id="xd21e12104" title=
+"Source: ,">;</span><br>
+peace of, <a href="#pb42" class="pageref">42</a>;<br>
+king, <a href="#pb3" class="pageref">3</a>, <a href="#pb47" class=
+"pageref">47</a>, <a href="#pb215" class="pageref">215</a>;<br>
+king&rsquo;s body-guard, <a href="#pb216" class="pageref">216</a>;<br>
+lakes, <a href="#pb20" class="pageref">20</a>, <a href="#pb31" class=
+"pageref">31</a>, <a href="#pb92" class="pageref">92</a>;<br>
+minister, <a href="#pb11" class="pageref">11</a>, <a href="#pb49"
+class="pageref">49</a>;<br>
+his lev&eacute;e, <a href="#pb217" class="pageref">217</a>;<br>
+night, <a href="#pb45" class="pageref">45</a>,<br>
+close of, <a href="#pb161" class="pageref">161</a>;<br>
+palace of learning, <a href="#pb59" class="pageref">59</a>;<br>
+penances to win a son, <a href="#pb55" class="pageref">55</a>;<br>
+queen, <a href="#pb51" class="pageref">51</a>; her retinue, <a href=
+"#pb122" class="pageref">122</a>;<br>
+region of Kail&#257;sa, <a href="#pb220" class="pageref">220</a>;<br>
+steed, <a href="#pb62" class="pageref">62</a>;<br>
+toilet, <a href="#pb13" class="pageref">13</a>, <a href="#pb74" class=
+"pageref">74</a>;<br>
+Ujjayin&#299;, <a href="#pb210" class="pageref">210</a>;<br>
+whiteness, <a href="#pb96" class="pageref">96</a>;<br>
+women, <a href="#pb5" class="pageref">5</a>;<br>
+zenana, <a href="#pb51" class="pageref">51</a>, <a href="#pb144" class=
+"pageref">144</a><span class="corr" id="xd21e12228" title=
+"Source: ,">;</span><br>
+attendants, <a href="#pb217" class="pageref">217</a><span class="corr"
+id="xd21e12235" title="Source: ,">;</span><br>
+employments of, <a href="#pb144" class="pageref">144</a></p>
+<p>Different sects, <a href="#pb218" class="pageref">218</a></p>
+<p>Difficulty of rising to a higher birth, <a href="#pb203" class=
+"pageref">203</a></p>
+<p>Dravi&#7693;ian hermit, <a href="#pb172" class="pageref">172</a></p>
+<p>Dreams at the end of night, <a href="#pb57" class=
+"pageref">57</a></p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="div2 letter">
+<div class="divHead">
+<h3 id="xd21e12264" class="main">E.</h3>
+</div>
+<div class="divBody">
+<p class="first">Elements the witnesses of right and wrong, <a href=
+"#pb192" class="pageref">192</a> <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb230"
+href="#pb230" name="pb230">230</a>]</span></p>
+<p>Elephants startled at fall of cocoa-nut, <a href="#pb8" class=
+"pageref">8</a></p>
+<p>Eyes of the <i>cakora</i> redden in the presence of poison, <a href=
+"#pb139" class="pageref">139</a></p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="div2 letter">
+<div class="divHead">
+<h3 id="xd21e12286" class="main">F.</h3>
+</div>
+<div class="divBody">
+<p class="first">Former birth, results of, <a href="#pb11" class=
+"pageref">11</a>, <a href="#pb44" class="pageref">44</a>, <a href=
+"#pb53" class="pageref">53</a>, <a href="#pb197" class=
+"pageref">197</a>, <a href="#pb199" class="pageref">199</a>, <a href=
+"#pb200" class="pageref">200</a>, <a href="#pb202" class=
+"pageref">202</a></p>
+<p>Funeral pyre, <a href="#pb133" class="pageref">133</a>, <a href=
+"#pb195" class="pageref">195</a>, <a href="#pb200" class=
+"pageref">200</a></p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="div2 letter">
+<div class="divHead">
+<h3 id="xd21e12324" class="main">G.</h3>
+</div>
+<div class="divBody">
+<p class="first">Games, <a href="#pb5" class="pageref">5</a>, <a href=
+"#pb10" class="pageref">10</a>, <a href="#pb60" class="pageref">60</a>,
+<a href="#pb152" class="pageref">152</a>, <a href="#pb155" class=
+"pageref">155</a></p>
+<p>Gifts, <a href="#pb59" class="pageref">59</a>, <a href="#pb72"
+class="pageref">72</a>, <a href="#pb74" class="pageref">74</a>,
+<a href="#pb129" class="pageref">129</a>, <a href="#pb164" class=
+"pageref">164</a>;<br>
+to Brahmans, <a href="#pb56" class="pageref">56</a>, <a href="#pb195"
+class="pageref">195</a>, <a href="#pb200" class="pageref">200</a>,
+<a href="#pb201" class="pageref">201</a>;<br>
+at a birth, <a href="#pb54" class="pageref">54</a>;<br>
+at a wedding, <a href="#pb129" class="pageref">129</a></p>
+<p>Golden age, <a href="#pb41" class="pageref">41</a>, <a href="#pb96"
+class="pageref">96</a></p>
+<p>Gold mustard-leaves a gift, <a href="#pb56" class=
+"pageref">56</a></p>
+<p>Gods taking other bodies, <a href="#pb64" class="pageref">64</a>,
+<a href="#pb201" class="pageref">201</a></p>
+<p>Gods of wood and stone but images of invisible gods, <a href=
+"#pb198" class="pageref">198</a></p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="div2 letter">
+<div class="divHead">
+<h3 id="xd21e12413" class="main">H.</h3>
+</div>
+<div class="divBody">
+<p class="first">Hermitage of Badarik&#257;, <a href="#pb216" class=
+"pageref">216</a></p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="div2 letter">
+<div class="divHead">
+<h3 id="xd21e12421" class="main">J.</h3>
+</div>
+<div class="divBody">
+<p class="first">Jains and Jinadharma, <a href="#pb29" class=
+"pageref">29</a>, <a href="#pb212" class="pageref">212</a></p>
+<p>Jealousy, a bird&rsquo;s, <a href="#pb151" class=
+"pageref">151</a></p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="div2 letter">
+<div class="divHead">
+<h3 id="xd21e12438" class="main">K.</h3>
+</div>
+<div class="divBody">
+<p class="first">&lsquo;K&#257;dambar&#299;,&rsquo; interest of,
+xv;<br>
+purpose of, xxi;<br>
+plot of &lsquo;K&#257;dambar&#299;&rsquo; found in the
+&lsquo;Kath&#257;-Sarit-S&#257;gara,&rsquo; xi;<br>
+literary parallels, xx;<br>
+plan of translation, xxii;<br>
+editions used, xxiii;<br>
+B&#257;&#7751;a&rsquo;s praise of it, <a href="#pb3" class=
+"pageref">3</a></p>
+<p>K&#257;dambar&#299;&rsquo;s bequests, <a href="#pb194" class=
+"pageref">194</a></p>
+<p>King becoming a hermit, <a href="#pb200" class="pageref">200</a>,
+<a href="#pb202" class="pageref">202</a></p>
+<p>Killing an ascetic, <a href="#pb123" class="pageref">123</a></p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="div2 letter">
+<div class="divHead">
+<h3 id="xd21e12477" class="main">L.</h3>
+</div>
+<div class="divBody">
+<p class="first">Light proceeding from a corpse, <a href="#pb195"
+class="pageref">195</a></p>
+<p>Literature, <a href="#pb10" class="pageref">10</a>, <a href="#pb39"
+class="pageref">39</a>, <a href="#pb40" class="pageref">40</a>,
+<a href="#pb49" class="pageref">49</a>, <a href="#pb50" class=
+"pageref">50</a>, <a href="#pb60" class="pageref">60</a>, <a href=
+"#pb152" class="pageref">152</a>, <a href="#pb162" class=
+"pageref">162</a>, <a href="#pb189" class="pageref">189</a>, <a href=
+"#pb201" class="pageref">201</a>, <a href="#pb212" class=
+"pageref">212</a>, <a href="#pb213" class="pageref">213</a>, <a href=
+"#pb217" class="pageref">217</a></p>
+<p>Love of deer for music, <a href="#pb40" class="pageref">40</a>,
+<a href="#pb95" class="pageref">95</a></p>
+<p>Love of life, <a href="#pb34" class="pageref">34</a>, <a href=
+"#pb134" class="pageref">134</a></p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="div2 letter">
+<div class="divHead">
+<h3 id="xd21e12544" class="main">M.</h3>
+</div>
+<div class="divBody">
+<p class="first">Magic circle, <a href="#pb56" class=
+"pageref">56</a></p>
+<p>Magic rites, <a href="#pb83" class="pageref">83</a></p>
+<p>Marriage, <a href="#pb188" class="pageref">188</a>, <a href="#pb200"
+class="pageref">200</a>;<br>
+fire, <a href="#pb69" class="pageref">69</a>;<br>
+G&#257;ndharva, lawful, <a href="#pb208" class="pageref">208</a>;<br>
+vow against, <a href="#pb140" class="pageref">140</a>, <a href="#pb142"
+class="pageref">142</a>;<br>
+of a tree to a creeper, <a href="#pb194" class="pageref">194</a></p>
+<p>Metre, &#256;ry&#257;, <a href="#pb11" class="pageref">11</a></p>
+<p>Midday conch, <a href="#pb11" class="pageref">11</a></p>
+<p>Mountains, boundary, <a href="#pb162" class="pageref">162</a>,
+<a href="#pb215" class="pageref">215</a>;<br>
+noble, <a href="#pb6" class="pageref">6</a>, <a href="#pb40" class=
+"pageref">40</a></p>
+<p>Musical instruments, <a href="#pb10" class="pageref">10</a>,
+<a href="#pb13" class="pageref">13</a>, <a href="#pb60" class=
+"pageref">60</a>, <a href="#pb81" class="pageref">81</a>, <a href=
+"#pb99" class="pageref">99</a>, <a href="#pb152" class=
+"pageref">152</a>, <a href="#pb156" class="pageref">156</a>, <a href=
+"#pb162" class="pageref">162</a></p>
+<p>Mustard-seed and gh&#299; on a baby&rsquo;s palate, <a href="#pb54"
+class="pageref">54</a></p>
+<p>Mystic&rsquo;s spirit apart from his body, <a href="#pb195" class=
+"pageref">195</a></p>
+<p>Mythology, Air&#257;vata, <i>vide</i> Sanskrit Index;<br>
+Apsaras families, the, <a href="#pb102" class="pageref">102</a>;<br>
+auspicious marks, <a href="#pb3" class="pageref">3</a>, <a href="#pb7"
+class="pageref">7</a>, <a href="#pb92" class="pageref">92</a>;<br>
+Brahm&#257;&rsquo;s egg, <a href="#pb94" class="pageref">94</a>,<br>
+or world egg, <a href="#pb2" class="pageref">2</a>;<br>
+caste laws about food, <a href="#pb205" class="pageref">205</a>;<br>
+&Ccedil;iva&rsquo;s dance, <a href="#pb21" class="pageref">21</a>;<br>
+&Ccedil;vetadv&#299;pa, <a href="#pb197" class="pageref">197</a>;<br>
+daughters of the Siddhas, <a href="#pb45" class="pageref">45</a>;<br>
+deer of the moon, <a href="#pb46" class="pageref">46</a>, <a href=
+"#pb52" class="pageref">52</a>, <a href="#pb124" class=
+"pageref">124</a>, <a href="#pb215" class="pageref">215</a>;<br>
+deer, golden, <a href="#pb20" class="pageref">20</a>;<br>
+demons, <a href="#pb1" class="pageref">1</a>, <a href="#pb27" class=
+"pageref">27</a>, <a href="#pb29" class="pageref">29</a>, <a href=
+"#pb50" class="pageref">50</a>, <a href="#pb216" class=
+"pageref">216</a>;<br>
+Doomsday, <a href="#pb17" class="pageref">17</a><span class="corr" id=
+"xd21e12747" title="Source: ,">;</span><br>
+surrounded by suns, <a href="#pb40" class="pageref">40</a>, <a href=
+"#pb120" class="pageref">120</a>;<br>
+Dv&#299;pas, the seven, <a href="#pb50" class="pageref">50</a>,
+<a href="#pb97" class="pageref">97</a> note;<br>
+elephants of the quarters, <a href="#pb21" class="pageref">21</a>;<br>
+guardians of the world, <a href="#pb204" class="pageref">204</a>;<br>
+Iron Age, <a href="#pb27" class="pageref">27</a>, <a href="#pb41"
+class="pageref">41</a>, <a href="#pb96" class="pageref">96</a>;<br>
+kalpa-tree, <a href="#pb86" class="pageref">86</a>, <a href="#pb160"
+class="pageref">160</a>, <a href="#pb174" class="pageref">174</a>;<br>
+Kaustubha gem, <a href="#pb51" class="pageref">51</a>;<br>
+ocean of final destruction, <a href="#pb123" class=
+"pageref">123</a>;<br>
+oceans, the four, <a href="#pb3" class="pageref">3</a>, <a href="#pb50"
+class="pageref">50</a>, <a href="#pb147" class="pageref">147</a>;<br>
+rivers, the wives of ocean, <a href="#pb19" class="pageref">19</a>;<br>
+submarine fire, the, <a href="#pb77" class="pageref">77</a>;<br>
+sun&rsquo;s steeds, the, <a href="#pb21" class="pageref">21</a>,
+<a href="#pb47" class="pageref">47</a>, <a href="#pb114" class=
+"pageref">114</a>, <a href="#pb122" class="pageref">122</a>;<br>
+sun drinking the waning moon, the, <a href="#pb106" class=
+"pageref">106</a></p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="div2 letter">
+<div class="divHead">
+<h3 id="xd21e12856" class="main">O.</h3>
+</div>
+<div class="divBody">
+<p class="first">Ordeals, <a href="#pb49" class="pageref">49</a></p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="div2 letter">
+<div class="divHead">
+<h3 id="xd21e12864" class="main">P.</h3>
+</div>
+<div class="divBody">
+<p class="first">Parrots, <a href="#pb22" class="pageref">22</a>,
+<a href="#pb32" class="pageref">32</a>, <a href="#pb43" class=
+"pageref">43</a>, <a href="#pb193" class="pageref">193</a></p>
+<p>Penalty of childlessness, <a href="#pb53" class="pageref">53</a></p>
+<p>Penance, <a href="#pb192" class="pageref">192</a>;<br>
+power of, <a href="#pb42" class="pageref">42</a>, <a href="#pb53"
+class="pageref">53</a>, <a href="#pb196" class="pageref">196</a>,
+<a href="#pb197" class="pageref">197</a>;<br>
+its divine insight, <a href="#pb44" class="pageref">44</a>, <a href=
+"#pb203" class="pageref">203</a>, <a href="#pb206" class=
+"pageref">206</a></p>
+<p>Picture of K&#257;ma, <a href="#pb194" class="pageref">194</a></p>
+<p>Powers, the three, <a href="#pb48" class="pageref">48</a></p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="div2 letter">
+<div class="divHead">
+<h3 id="xd21e12927" class="main">Q.</h3>
+</div>
+<div class="divBody">
+<p class="first">Qualities of a story, <a href="#pb2" class=
+"pageref">2</a></p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="div2 letter">
+<div class="divHead">
+<h3 id="xd21e12935" class="main">R.</h3>
+</div>
+<div class="divBody">
+<p class="first">Regaining memory of former births, <a href="#pb203"
+class="pageref">203</a></p>
+<p>Regions, the ten, <a href="#pb48" class="pageref">48</a>, <a href=
+"#pb108" class="pageref">108</a></p>
+<p>Remedies for fever, <a href="#pb120" class="pageref">120</a></p>
+<p>Reunion after death, <a href="#pb133" class="pageref">133</a>,
+<a href="#pb137" class="pageref">137</a>, <a href="#pb178" class=
+"pageref">178</a>, <a href="#pb195" class="pageref">195</a>, <a href=
+"#pb203" class="pageref">203</a>, <a href="#pb206" class=
+"pageref">206</a></p>
+<p>Repentance, <a href="#pb206" class="pageref">206</a></p>
+<p>Resolving to die at a friend&rsquo;s death, <a href="#pb133" class=
+"pageref">133</a>;<br>
+rebuked, <a href="#pb136" class="pageref">136</a> <span class=
+"pagenum">[<a id="pb231" href="#pb231" name="pb231">231</a>]</span></p>
+<p>Rites, for the dead (<i>&Ccedil;r&#257;ddha</i>), <a href="#pb39"
+class="pageref">39</a>, <a href="#pb194" class="pageref">194</a>;<br>
+for entering a new house, <a href="#pb72" class="pageref">72</a>;<br>
+for anointing a crown prince, <a href="#pb76" class=
+"pageref">76</a>;<br>
+for removal of a curse, <a href="#pb204" class="pageref">204</a>,
+<a href="#pb206" class="pageref">206</a>;<br>
+of arrival, <a href="#pb174" class="pageref">174</a>;<br>
+<i>Aghamarsha&#7751;a</i> hymn, <a href="#pb38" class="pageref">38</a>,
+<a href="#pb99" class="pageref">99</a>, <a href="#pb141" class=
+"pageref">141</a>;<br>
+offerings, <a href="#pb44" class="pageref">44</a>;<br>
+a help to the dead, <a href="#pb137" class="pageref">137</a>;<br>
+libations must be offered by a son, <a href="#pb194" class=
+"pageref">194</a>;<br>
+morning oblation, <a href="#pb203" class="pageref">203</a>;<br>
+twilight oblation, <a href="#pb219" class="pageref">219</a>;<br>
+subrahma&#7751;y&#257;, <a href="#pb39" class="pageref">39</a></p>
+<p>Rosaries, <a href="#pb35" class="pageref">35</a>, <a href="#pb39"
+class="pageref">39</a>, <a href="#pb40" class="pageref">40</a>,
+<a href="#pb45" class="pageref">45</a>, <a href="#pb104" class=
+"pageref">104</a>, <a href="#pb107" class="pageref">107</a>, <a href=
+"#pb110" class="pageref">110</a>, <a href="#pb111" class=
+"pageref">111</a>, <a href="#pb112" class="pageref">112</a>, <a href=
+"#pb115" class="pageref">115</a>, <a href="#pb126" class=
+"pageref">126</a>, <a href="#pb135" class="pageref">135</a>, <a href=
+"#pb162" class="pageref">162</a>, <a href="#pb176" class=
+"pageref">176</a>, <a href="#pb202" class="pageref">202</a></p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="div2 letter">
+<div class="divHead">
+<h3 id="xd21e13123" class="main">S.</h3>
+</div>
+<div class="divBody">
+<p class="first">Sacrifices, <i>Homa</i>, <a href="#pb39" class=
+"pageref">39</a>;<br>
+human sacrifice, <a href="#pb31" class="pageref">31</a>;<br>
+<i>Mah&#257;v&#299;ra</i> fires, <a href="#pb2" class=
+"pageref">2</a>;<br>
+<i>Soma</i>, <a href="#pb3" class="pageref">3</a>, <a href="#pb40"
+class="pageref">40</a>;<br>
+three fires, the, <a href="#pb40" class="pageref">40</a></p>
+<p>S&#257;m&#803;khy&#257; philosophy, <a href="#pb212" class=
+"pageref">212</a></p>
+<p>Snakes, <a href="#pb210" class="pageref">210</a>, <a href="#pb211"
+class="pageref">211</a>, <a href="#pb213" class="pageref">213</a>;<br>
+haunt sandal-trees, <a href="#pb5" class="pageref">5</a>, <a href=
+"#pb50" class="pageref">50</a>;<br>
+love the breeze, <a href="#pb94" class="pageref">94</a></p>
+<p>Standing at cross roads, <a href="#pb56" class="pageref">56</a></p>
+<p>Sunwise turn, <a href="#pb40" class="pageref">40</a>, <a href=
+"#pb162" class="pageref">162</a>, <a href="#pb172" class=
+"pageref">172</a></p>
+<p><i>Svayam&#803;vara</i>, <a href="#pb180" class=
+"pageref">180</a></p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="div2 letter">
+<div class="divHead">
+<h3 id="xd21e13216" class="main">T.</h3>
+</div>
+<div class="divBody">
+<p class="first">Throbbing of the right eye an evil omen for women,
+<a href="#pb127" class="pageref">127</a></p>
+<p>Tradition a sufficient ground for belief, <a href="#pb200" class=
+"pageref">200</a></p>
+<p>Transmigration without loss of consciousness, <a href="#pb197"
+class="pageref">197</a></p>
+<p>Trees, <a href="#pb21" class="pageref">21</a>, <a href="#pb39"
+class="pageref">39</a>, <a href="#pb40" class="pageref">40</a>, and
+<i>passim</i></p>
+<p>Triad of <i>gu&#7751;as</i>, <a href="#pb1" class=
+"pageref">1</a></p>
+<p>Tying of the topknot, <a href="#pb59" class="pageref">59</a></p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="div2 letter">
+<div class="divHead">
+<h3 id="xd21e13261" class="main">U.</h3>
+</div>
+<div class="divBody">
+<p class="first">Unguents, <a href="#pb7" class="pageref">7</a>,
+<a href="#pb40" class="pageref">40</a>, <a href="#pb52" class=
+"pageref">52</a></p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="div2 letter">
+<div class="divHead">
+<h3 id="xd21e13275" class="main">V.</h3>
+</div>
+<div class="divBody">
+<p class="first">Veda, threefold, <a href="#pb3" class=
+"pageref">3</a></p>
+<p>Vow, of ascetic, <a href="#pb135" class="pageref">135</a>;<br>
+for reunion, <a href="#pb45" class="pageref">45</a>;<br>
+<i>sat&#299;</i>, <a href="#pb69" class="pageref">69</a>;<br>
+silence, <a href="#pb112" class="pageref">112</a></p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="div2 letter">
+<div class="divHead">
+<h3 id="xd21e13307" class="main">W.</h3>
+</div>
+<div class="divBody">
+<p class="first">Water poured to ratify a gift, <a href="#pb150" class=
+"pageref">150</a>, <a href="#pb168" class="pageref">168</a></p>
+<p>Weapons, <a href="#pb5" class="pageref">5</a>, <a href="#pb14"
+class="pageref">14</a>, <a href="#pb16" class="pageref">16</a>,
+<a href="#pb60" class="pageref">60</a></p>
+<p>Western mountain, the, <a href="#pb7" class="pageref">7</a>;<br>
+ocean, <a href="#pb23" class="pageref">23</a>, <a href="#pb45" class=
+"pageref">45</a></p>
+<p>White continent, the, <a href="#pb125" class="pageref">125</a></p>
+<p>Widows remaining alive, <a href="#pb137" class="pageref">137</a></p>
+<p>Wood goddesses or nymphs, <a href="#pb16" class="pageref">16</a>,
+<a href="#pb22" class="pageref">22</a>, <a href="#pb24" class=
+"pageref">24</a>, <a href="#pb35" class="pageref">35</a>, <a href=
+"#pb109" class="pageref">109</a>, <a href="#pb176" class=
+"pageref">176</a></p>
+<p>World-conquest, <a href="#pb89" class="pageref">89</a></p>
+<p>Worlds, the seven, <a href="#pb3" class="pageref">3</a></p>
+<p>Worship of, Aditi, <a href="#pb213" class="pageref">213</a>;<br>
+Agni, <a href="#pb12" class="pageref">12</a>, <a href="#pb45" class=
+"pageref">45</a>, <a href="#pb72" class="pageref">72</a>;<br>
+Arhat, the, <a href="#pb162" class="pageref">162</a>;<br>
+Avalokite&ccedil;vara, <a href="#pb162" class="pageref">162</a>;<br>
+Brahm&#257;, <a href="#pb39" class="pageref">39</a>;<br>
+&Ccedil;iva, <a href="#pb12" class="pageref">12</a>, <a href="#pb39"
+class="pageref">39</a>, <a href="#pb56" class="pageref">56</a>,
+<a href="#pb95" class="pageref">95</a>, <a href="#pb97" class=
+"pageref">97</a>, <a href="#pb135" class="pageref">135</a>, <a href=
+"#pb162" class="pageref">162</a>, <a href="#pb167" class=
+"pageref">167</a>, <a href="#pb182" class="pageref">182</a>, <a href=
+"#pb189" class="pageref">189</a>, <a href="#pb207" class=
+"pageref">207</a><span class="corr" id="xd21e13454" title=
+"Source: ,">;</span><br>
+pictures of, <a href="#pb103" class="pageref">103</a>;<br>
+Durg&#257;, <a href="#pb31" class="pageref">31</a>, <a href="#pb55"
+class="pageref">55</a>, <a href="#pb56" class="pageref">56</a>,
+<a href="#pb162" class="pageref">162</a>, <a href="#pb172" class=
+"pageref">172</a>;<br>
+as Um&#257;, <a href="#pb182" class="pageref">182</a>;<br>
+goddesses of space, <a href="#pb45" class="pageref">45</a>;<br>
+K&#257;ma, <a href="#pb211" class="pageref">211</a>;<br>
+K&#257;ma&rsquo;s festival, <a href="#pb206" class=
+"pageref">206</a>;<br>
+K&#257;rtikeya, <a href="#pb162" class="pageref">162</a>, <a href=
+"#pb185" class="pageref">185</a>;<br>
+K&#7771;ish&#7751;a, <a href="#pb162" class="pageref">162</a>;<br>
+Mah&#257;k&#257;la, <a href="#pb47" class="pageref">47</a>;<br>
+on the fourteenth day, <a href="#pb53" class="pageref">53</a>;<br>
+M&#257;t&#7771;ik&#257;s, <a href="#pb56" class="pageref">56</a>;<br>
+or the divine mothers of, Avant&#299;, <a href="#pb199" class=
+"pageref">199</a>;<br>
+Pitris, <a href="#pb12" class="pageref">12</a>;<br>
+Siddhas, <a href="#pb56" class="pageref">56</a>;<br>
+sun, the, <a href="#pb12" class="pageref">12</a>;<br>
+trees, <a href="#pb56" class="pageref">56</a>;<br>
+Vish&#7751;u, <a href="#pb39" class="pageref">39</a>;<br>
+as N&#257;r&#257;ya&#7751;a, <a href="#pb182" class=
+"pageref">182</a><span class="corr" id="xd21e13568" title=
+"Source: ,">;</span><br>
+as R&#257;ma, <a href="#pb206" class="pageref">206</a>;<br>
+Vi&ccedil;ravasa, <a href="#pb162" class="pageref">162</a>;<br>
+Viri&ntilde;ca, <a href="#pb162" class="pageref">162</a></p>
+<p>Weak nature of those born from a mother only, <a href="#pb203"
+class="pageref">203</a></p>
+<p>Writing on birch-leaves, <a href="#pb56" class="pageref">56</a></p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="div2 letter">
+<div class="divHead">
+<h3 id="xd21e13599" class="main">Y.</h3>
+</div>
+<div class="divBody">
+<p class="first">Yamun&#257;, its blue colour, <a href="#pb33" class=
+"pageref">33</a></p>
+<p>Yoga, <a href="#pb128" class="pageref">128</a></p>
+<p class="trailer xd21e13611">THE END.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="footnotes">
+<hr class="fnsep">
+<p class="footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id=
+"xd21e11662" href="#xd21e11662src" name="xd21e11662">1</a></span> Names
+given in the Sanskrit Index are not generally repeated here.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="div1 imprint">
+<div class="divBody">
+<p class="first xd21e13614">BILLING AND SONS, PRINTERS, GUILDFORD.</p>
+<div class="transcribernote">
+<h2 class="main">Colophon</h2>
+<h3 class="main">Availability</h3>
+<p class="first">This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no
+cost and with almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give
+it away or re-use it under the terms of the <a class="exlink xd21e48"
+title="External link" href="http://www.gutenberg.org/license" rel=
+"license">Project Gutenberg License</a> included with this eBook or
+online at <a class="exlink xd21e48" title="External link" href=
+"http://www.gutenberg.org/" rel="home">www.gutenberg.org</a>.</p>
+<p>This eBook is produced by the Online Distributed Proofreading Team
+at <a class="exlink xd21e48" title="External link" href=
+"http://www.pgdp.net/">www.pgdp.net</a>.</p>
+<p>Scans for this work are available from the Internet Archive (copy
+<a class="exlink xd21e48" title="External link" href=
+"http://archive.org/details/kdambarbna00riddgoog">1</a>, <a class=
+"exlink xd21e48" title="External link" href=
+"http://archive.org/details/kadambariofbana00banarich">2</a>).</p>
+<p>Related Library of Congress catalog page: <a class="catlink" href=
+"http://lccn.loc.gov/43026109">43026109</a>.</p>
+<p>Related Open Library catalog page (for source): <a class="catlink"
+href="http://openlibrary.org/books/OL14016713M">OL14016713M</a>.</p>
+<p>Related Open Library catalog page (for work): <a class="catlink"
+href="http://openlibrary.org/works/OL10711067W">OL10711067W</a>.</p>
+<p>Related WorldCat catalog page: <a class="catlink" href=
+"http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/13155505">13155505</a>.</p>
+<h3 class="main">Encoding</h3>
+<p class="first"></p>
+<h3 class="main">Revision History</h3>
+<ul>
+<li>2012-09-21 Started.</li>
+</ul>
+<h3 class="main">External References</h3>
+<p>This Project Gutenberg eBook contains external references. These
+links may not work for you.</p>
+<h3 class="main">Corrections</h3>
+<p>The following corrections have been applied to the text:</p>
+<table class="correctiontable" summary=
+"Overview of corrections applied to the text.">
+<tr>
+<th>Page</th>
+<th>Source</th>
+<th>Correction</th>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd21e336">xiii</a></td>
+<td class="width40 bottom">Maha&ccedil;veta</td>
+<td class="width40 bottom">Mah&#257;&ccedil;vet&#257;</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd21e360">xiv</a></td>
+<td class="width40 bottom">[<i>Not in source</i>]</td>
+<td class="width40 bottom">.</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd21e371">xiv</a></td>
+<td class="width40 bottom">
+K&#257;mandak&#299;ya-N&#299;ti-&Ccedil;astra</td>
+<td class="width40 bottom">
+K&#257;mandak&#299;ya-N&#299;ti-&Ccedil;&#257;stra</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd21e431">xvii</a></td>
+<td class="width40 bottom">.</td>
+<td class="width40 bottom">[<i>Deleted</i>]</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd21e647">xxiii</a></td>
+<td class="width40 bottom">
+K&#257;mandak&#299;ya-Nit&#299;-&Ccedil;&#257;stra</td>
+<td class="width40 bottom">
+K&#257;mandak&#299;ya-N&#299;ti-&Ccedil;&#257;stra</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd21e795">3</a>,
+<a class="pageref" href="#xd21e2025">40</a>, <a class="pageref" href=
+"#xd21e3970">153</a></td>
+<td class="width40 bottom">dulness</td>
+<td class="width40 bottom">dullness</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd21e1116">15</a></td>
+<td class="width40 bottom">born</td>
+<td class="width40 bottom">borne</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd21e3045">95</a></td>
+<td class="width40 bottom">&rsquo;&rdquo;</td>
+<td class="width40 bottom">&rdquo;&rsquo;</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd21e3308">109</a></td>
+<td class="width40 bottom">Laksm&#299;</td>
+<td class="width40 bottom">Lakshm&#299;</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd21e3351">113</a></td>
+<td class="width40 bottom">Mah&#257;&ccedil;ve&#7789;&#257;</td>
+<td class="width40 bottom">Mah&#257;&ccedil;vet&#257;</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd21e3839">146</a>,
+<a class="pageref" href="#xd21e3881">148</a>, <a class="pageref" href=
+"#xd21e3904">149</a>, <a class="pageref" href="#xd21e4227">170</a></td>
+<td class="width40 bottom">Mah&#257;&ccedil;veta</td>
+<td class="width40 bottom">Mah&#257;&ccedil;vet&#257;</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd21e3875">148</a></td>
+<td class="width40 bottom">K&#257;damb&#257;r&#299;&rsquo;s</td>
+<td class="width40 bottom">K&#257;dambar&#299;&rsquo;s</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd21e3944">151</a></td>
+<td class="width40 bottom">K&#257;dambari</td>
+<td class="width40 bottom">K&#257;dambar&#299;</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd21e4056">159</a></td>
+<td class="width40 bottom">[<i>Not in source</i>]</td>
+<td class="width40 bottom">&rsquo;</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd21e4395">179</a></td>
+<td class="width40 bottom">[<i>Not in source</i>]</td>
+<td class="width40 bottom">&rdquo;</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd21e4600">185</a></td>
+<td class="width40 bottom">Maha&ccedil;vet&#257;</td>
+<td class="width40 bottom">Mah&#257;&ccedil;vet&#257;</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd21e4671">188</a></td>
+<td class="width40 bottom">Vil&#257;savati</td>
+<td class="width40 bottom">Vil&#257;savat&#299;</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd21e5076">205</a></td>
+<td class="width40 bottom">729</td>
+<td class="width40 bottom">629</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd21e5104">206</a></td>
+<td class="width40 bottom">Candr&#257;p&#299;da</td>
+<td class="width40 bottom">Candr&#257;p&#299;&#7693;a</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd21e5521">219</a></td>
+<td class="width40 bottom">skining</td>
+<td class="width40 bottom">shining</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd21e8663">225</a></td>
+<td class="width40 bottom">[<i>Not in source</i>]</td>
+<td class="width40 bottom">)</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd21e11529">228</a></td>
+<td class="width40 bottom">Civa</td>
+<td class="width40 bottom">&Ccedil;iva</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd21e12104">229</a>,
+<a class="pageref" href="#xd21e12228">229</a>, <a class="pageref" href=
+"#xd21e12235">229</a>, <a class="pageref" href="#xd21e12747">230</a>,
+<a class="pageref" href="#xd21e13454">231</a>, <a class="pageref" href=
+"#xd21e13568">231</a></td>
+<td class="width40 bottom">,</td>
+<td class="width40 bottom">;</td>
+</tr>
+</table>
+</div>
+</div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+<pre>
+
+
+
+
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+</html>
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+Project Gutenberg's The Kadambari of Bana, by Bana and Bhushanabhatta
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: The Kadambari of Bana
+
+Author: Bana
+        Bhushanabhatta
+
+Translator: C.M. Ridding
+
+Release Date: October 21, 2012 [EBook #41128]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ASCII
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE KADAMBARI OF BANA ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by Jeroen Hellingman and the Online Distributed
+Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net/ for Project
+Gutenberg (This book was produced from scanned images of
+public domain material from the Google Print project.)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+                       Oriental Translation Fund.
+                              New Series.
+
+                                  II.
+
+                                  The
+                           KADAMBARI OF BANA.
+
+                 Translated, with Occasional Omissions,
+
+                          And Accompanied by a
+            Full Abstract of the Continuation of the Romance
+                  by the Author's Son Bhushanabhatta,
+
+                                   By
+
+                             C. M. RIDDING,
+
+             Formerly Scholar of Girton College, Cambridge.
+
+
+
+              Printed and published under the patronage of
+                       The Royal Asiatic Society,
+                              And sold at
+                     22, Albemarle Street, London.
+
+                                 1896.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+                                   To
+
+                              MRS. COWELL,
+                           WHO FIRST TOLD ME
+                        THE STORY OF KADAMBARI,
+                            THIS TRANSLATION
+                      IS AFFECTIONATELY DEDICATED.
+
+
+                'Anenakaranavishkritavatsalyena caritena
+                  kasya na bandhutvam adhyaropayasi.'
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+INTRODUCTION. [1]
+
+
+The story of Kadambari is interesting for several reasons. It is a
+standard example of classical prose; it has enjoyed a long popularity
+as a romance; and it is one of the comparatively few Sanskrit works
+which can be assigned to a certain date, and so it can serve as a
+landmark in the history of Indian literature and Indian thought.
+
+
+
+THE AUTHOR.
+
+Banabhatta, its author, lived in the reign of Harshavardhana of
+Thanecar, the great king mentioned in many inscriptions, [2] who
+extended his rule over the whole of Northern India, and from whose
+reign (A.D. 606) dates the Harsha era, used in Nepal. Bana, as he
+tells us, both in the 'Harsha-Carita' and in the introductory verses
+of 'Kadambari,' was a Vatsyayana Brahman. His mother died while he
+was yet young, and his father's tender care of him, recorded in the
+'Harsha-Carita,' [3] was doubtless in his memory as he recorded the
+unselfish love of Vaicampayana's father in 'Kadambari' (p. 22). In
+his youth he travelled much, and for a time 'came into reproach,'
+by reason of his unsettled life; but the experience gained in foreign
+lands turned his thoughts homewards, and he returned to his kin, and
+lived a life of quiet study in their midst. From this he was summoned
+to the court of King Harsha, who at first received him coldly, but
+afterwards attached him to his service; and Bana in the 'Harsha-Carita'
+relates his own life as a prelude to that of his master.
+
+The other works attributed to him are the 'Candikacataka,' [4] or
+verses in honour of Candika; a drama, 'The Parvatiparinaya'; and
+another, called 'Mukutataditaka,' the existence of which is inferred
+from Gunavinayagani's commentary on the 'Nalacampu.' Professor
+Peterson also mentions that a verse of Bana's ('Subhashitavali,'
+1087) is quoted by Kshemendra in his 'Aucityavicaracarca,' with a
+statement that it is part of a description of Kadambari's sorrow in
+the absence of Candrapida, whence, he adds, 'it would seem that Bana
+wrote the story of Kadambari in verse as well as in prose,' and he
+gives some verses which may have come from such a work.
+
+Bana himself died, leaving 'Kadambari' unfinished, and his son
+Bhushanabhatta took it up in the midst of a speech in which Kadambari's
+sorrows are told, and continued the speech without a break, save for
+a few introductory verses in honour of his father, and in apology for
+his having undertaken the task, 'as its unfinished state was a grief to
+the good.' He continued the story on the same plan, and with careful,
+and, indeed, exaggerated, imitation of his father's style.
+
+
+
+THE PLOT OF KADAMBARI.
+
+The story of 'Kadambari' is a very complex one, dealing as it does
+with the lives of two heroes, each of whom is reborn twice on earth.
+
+(1-47) A learned parrot, named Vaicampayana, was brought by a Candala
+maiden to King Cudraka, and told him how it was carried from its
+birthplace in the Vindhya Forest to the hermitage of the sage Jabali,
+from whom it learnt the story of its former life.
+
+(47-95) Jabali's story was as follows: Tarapida, King of Ujjayini, won
+by penance a son, Candrapida, who was brought up with Vaicampayana,
+son of his minister, Cukanasa. In due time Candrapida was anointed
+as Crown Prince, and started on an expedition of world-conquest. At
+the end of it he reached Kailasa, and, while resting there, was
+led one day in a vain chase of a pair of kinnaras to the shores of
+the Acchoda Lake. (95-141) There he beheld a young ascetic maiden,
+Mahacveta, who told him how she, being a Gandharva princess, had seen
+and loved a young Brahman Pundarika; how he, returning her feeling,
+had died from the torments of a love at variance with his vow; how
+a divine being had carried his body to the sky, and bidden her not
+to die, for she should be reunited with him; and how she awaited
+that time in a life of penance. (141-188) But her friend Kadambari,
+another Gandharva princess, had vowed not to marry while Mahacveta
+was in sorrow, and Mahacveta invited the prince to come to help her
+in dissuading Kadambari from the rash vow. Love sprang up between
+the prince and Kadambari at first sight; but a sudden summons from
+his father took him to Ujjayini without farewell, while Kadambari,
+thinking herself deserted, almost died of grief.
+
+(188-195) Meanwhile news came that his friend Vaicampayana, whom he had
+left in command of the army, had been strangely affected by the sight
+of the Acchoda Lake, and refused to leave it. The prince set out to
+find him, but in vain; and proceeding to the hermitage of Mahacveta,
+he found her in despair, because, in invoking on a young Brahman,
+who had rashly approached her, a curse to the effect that he should
+become a parrot, she learnt that she had slain Vaicampayana. At her
+words the prince fell dead from grief, and at that moment Kadambari
+came to the hermitage.
+
+(195-202) Her resolve to follow him in death was broken by the promise
+of a voice from the sky that she and Mahacveta should both be reunited
+with their lovers, and she stayed to tend the prince's body, from
+which a divine radiance proceeded; while King Tarapida gave up his
+kingdom, and lived as a hermit near his son.
+
+(202 to end) Such was Jabali's tale; and the parrot went on to say how,
+hearing it, the memory of its former love for Mahacveta was reawakened,
+and, though bidden to stay in the hermitage, it flew away, only to be
+caught and taken to the Candala princess. It was now brought by her to
+King Cudraka, but knew no more. The Candala maiden thereupon declared
+to Cudraka that she was the goddess Lakshmi, mother of Pundarika or
+Vaicampayana, and announced that the curse for him and Cudraka was
+now over. Then Cudraka suddenly remembered his love for Kadambari,
+and wasted away in longing for her, while a sudden touch of Kadambari
+restored to life the Moon concealed in the body of Candrapida, the
+form that he still kept, because in it he had won her love. Now the
+Moon, as Candrapida and Cudraka, and Pundarika, in the human and
+parrot shape of Vaicampayana, having both fulfilled the curse of an
+unsuccessful love in two births on earth, were at last set free,
+and, receiving respectively the hands of Kadambari and Mahacveta,
+lived happily ever afterwards.
+
+The plot is involved, and consists of stories within each other after
+the fashion long familiar to Europeans in the 'Arabian Nights'; but
+the author's skill in construction is shown by the fact that each
+of the minor stories is essential to the development of the plot,
+and it is not till quite the end that we see that Cudraka himself,
+the hearer of the story, is really the hero, and that his hearing
+the story is necessary to reawaken his love for Kadambari, and
+so at the same time fulfil the terms of the curse that he should
+love in vain during two lives, and bring the second life to an end
+by his longing for reunion. It may help to make the plot clear if
+the threads of it are disentangled. The author in person tells all
+that happens to Cudraka (pp. 3-16 and pp. 205 to end). The parrot's
+tale (pp. 16-205) includes that of Jabali (pp. 47-202) concerning
+Candrapida, and Vaicampayana the Brahman, with the story told by
+Mahacveta (pp. 101-136) of her love for Pundarika.
+
+
+
+THE STORY AS TOLD IN THE KATHA-SARIT-SAGARA.
+
+The story as told in the Katha-Sarit-Sagara of Somadeva [5] differs
+in some respects from this. There a Nishada princess brought to King
+Sumanas a learned parrot, which told its life in the forest, ended by
+a hunt in which its father was killed, and the story of its past life
+narrated by the hermit Agastya. In this story a prince, Somaprabha,
+after an early life resembling that of Candrapida, was led in his
+pursuit of kinnaras to an ascetic maiden, Manorathaprabha, whose
+story is that of Mahacveta, and she took him, at his own request,
+to see the maiden Makarandika, who had vowed not to marry while
+her friend was unwed. He was borne through the air by a Vidyadhara,
+and beheld Makarandika. They loved each other, and a marriage was
+arranged between them. The prince, however, was suddenly recalled
+by his father, and Makarandika's wild grief brought on her from
+her parents a curse that she should be born as a Nishada. Too late
+they repented, and died of grief; and her father became a parrot,
+keeping from a former birth as a sage his memory of the Castras,
+while her mother became a sow. Pulastya added that the curse would
+be over when the story was told in a king's court.
+
+The parrot's tale reminded King Sumanas of his former birth, and on
+the arrival of the ascetic maiden, sent by Civa, 'who is merciful
+to all his worshippers,' he again became the young hermit she had
+loved. Somaprabha, too, at Civa's bidding, went to the king's court,
+and at the sight of him the Nishada regained the shape of Makarandika,
+and became his wife; while the parrot 'left the body of a bird, and
+went to the home earned by his asceticism.' 'Thus,' the story ends,
+'the appointed union of human beings certainly takes place in this
+world, though vast spaces intervene.'
+
+The main difference between the stories is in the persons affected
+by the curse; and here the artistic superiority of Bana is shown
+in his not attaching the degrading forms of birth to Kadambari or
+her parents. The horse is given as a present to the hero by Indra,
+who sends him a message, saying: 'You are a Vidyadhara, and I give
+you the horse in memory of our former friendship. When you mount it
+you will be invincible.' The hero's marriage is arranged before his
+sudden departure, so that the grief of the heroine is due only to their
+separation, and not to the doubts on which Bana dwells so long. It
+appears possible that both this story and 'Kadambari' are taken from a
+common original now lost, which may be the Brihatkatha of Gunadhya. [6]
+In that case the greater refinement of Bana's tale would be the result
+of genius giving grace to a story already familiar in a humbler guise.
+
+
+
+REFERENCES TO KADAMBARI IN THE SAHITYA-DARPANA AND ELSEWHERE.
+
+The author of the Sahitya-Darpana [7] speaks of the Katha as follows:
+'In the Katha (tale), which is one of the species of poetical
+composition in prose, a poetical matter is represented in verse,
+and sometimes the Arya, and sometimes the Vaktra and Apavaktraka are
+the metres employed in it. It begins with stanzas in salutation to
+some divinity, as also descriptive of the behaviour of bad men and
+others.' To this the commentary adds: 'The "Kadambari" of Banabhatta is
+an example.' Professor Peterson corrects the translation of the words
+'Kathayam sarasam vastu padyair eva vinirmitam,' giving as their sense,
+'A narration in prose, with here and there a stray verse or two,
+of matter already existing in a metrical form.' [8] According to his
+rendering, the Katha is in its essence a story claiming to be based
+on previous works in verse, whether in this case the original were
+Bana's own metrical version of 'Kadambari,' [9] or the work which
+was also the original of the Katha-Sarit-Sagara story.
+
+The story of Pundarika and Mahacveta receives mention, firstly, for
+the introduction of death, contrary to the canon; secondly, for the
+determination of the nature of their sorrow, and its poetic quality,
+and consequent appeal to the feelings of the reader. Firstly: (Sec. 215)
+'Death, which is a condition to which one may be brought by love,
+is not described in poetry and the drama, where the other conditions,
+such as anxiety, etc., are constantly described, because it, instead
+of enhancing, causes the destruction of "Flavour." [10] But it may be
+spoken of (1) as having nearly taken place, or (2) as being mentally
+wished for; and it is with propriety described (3) if there is to be,
+at no distant date, a restoration to life.' The commentary takes
+the story of Pundarika as an example of the third condition, and
+describes it as a 'case of pathetic separation.' Secondly: (Sec. 224)
+'Either of two young lovers being dead, and being yet to be regained
+through some supernatural interposition, when the one left behind is
+sorrowful, then let it be called the separation of tender sadness'
+(karunavipralamhha). The commentary gives Mahacveta as the instance,
+and continues: 'But if the lost one be not regainable, or regainable
+only after transmigration in another body, the flavour is called the
+"Pathetic" simply, there being in this case no room for any admixture
+of the "Erotic"; but in the case just mentioned--of Pundarika and
+Mahacveta--immediately on Sarasvati's declaration from the sky that
+the lovers should be reunited, there is the "Erotic in its form of
+tender sadness," for desire arises on the expectation of reunion,
+but PREVIOUSLY to Sarasvati's promise there was the "Pathetic";
+such is the opinion of the competent authorities. And as for what
+some say in regard to the case of Pundarika and Mahacveta, that
+"moreover AFTER the expectation of reunion, excited by Sarasvati's
+promise to that effect, there is merely your honour's variety of
+"love in absence," (Sec. 222) the one which you call "being abroad"
+(Sec. 221)--others hold it to be distinct, because of the presence of
+that distinction, DEATH, which is something else than merely being
+abroad.' These are the passages in which direct mention is made of
+'Kadambari,' and in Sec. 735, which defines special mention (parisamkhya)
+as taking place 'when something is affirmed for the denial, expressed
+or understood, of something else similar to it,' the commentary adds:
+'When founded upon a Paronomasia, it is peculiarly striking, e.g.,
+"When that king, the conqueror of the world, was protecting the earth,
+the mixture of colours (or castes) was in painting, etc.,"--a passage
+from the description of Cudraka in "Kadambari" (P. 5).'
+
+References to Bana in other works are given by Professor Peterson, so
+that three only need be mentioned here. The first I owe to the kindness
+of Professor C. Bendall. In a collection of manuscripts at the British
+Museum (Or., 445-447) 'consisting chiefly of law-books transcribed
+(perhaps for some European) on European paper in the Telugu-Canarese
+character,' one, Or., 446 c., the Kamandakiya-Niti-Castra, contains
+on folios 128-131 a passage from 'Kadambari' (pp. 76-84, infra) [11]
+on the consecration of a crown-prince, and the duties and dangers of a
+king. It forms part of an introduction to the Kamandakiya-Niti-Castra
+and occurs without any hint of its being a quotation from another
+work. The author of the Nalacampu not only writes a verse in honour
+of Bana, [12] but models his whole style upon him. A curious instance
+of the long popularity of 'Kadambari' is that in the 'Durgecanandini'
+by Chattaji, an historical novel, published in 1871, and treating
+of the time of Akbar, the heroine is represented as reading in her
+boudoir the romance of 'Kadambari.' [13]
+
+
+
+THE INTEREST OF 'KADAMBARI.'
+
+It may be asked What is the value of 'Kadambari' for European
+readers? and to different persons the answer will doubtless
+be different. Historical interest, so far as that depends on the
+narration of historical facts, appears to be entirely lacking, though
+it may be that at some future time our knowledge from other sources
+may be so increased that we may recognise portraits and allusions in
+what seems now purely a work of romance. But in the wider sense in
+which history claims to deal with the social ideas that belong to
+any epoch, 'Kadambari' will always have value as representing the
+ways of thinking and feeling which were either customary or welcome
+at its own time, and which have continued to charm Indian readers. It
+is indeed true that it probably in many ways does not give a picture
+of contemporary manners, just as a mediaeval illuminated manuscript
+often represents the dress and surroundings prior to the time of
+the illuminator, so as to gain the grace of remoteness bestowed by
+reverence for the past. In India, where change works but slowly,
+the description of the court and city life, where all the subjects
+show by outward tokens their sympathy with the joys and sorrows of
+their ruler, as in a Greek chorus, is vivid in its fidelity. [14]
+The quiet yet busy life of the hermits in the forest, where the day
+is spent in worship and in peaceful toils, where at eve the sunbeams
+'linger like birds on the crest of hill and tree,' and where night
+'darkens all save the hearts of the hermits,' is full of charm. [15]
+
+The coronation of the crown prince, the penances performed by the
+queen to win a son, the reverence paid to Mahakala, also belong to
+our picture of the time. The description of Ujjayini, surrounded by
+the Sipra, is too general in its terms to give a vivid notion of what
+it then was. The site of the temple of Mahakala is still shown outside
+the ruins of the old town. A point of special interest is the argument
+against the custom of suicide on the death of a friend. Candrapida
+consoles Mahacveta that she has not followed her lover in death
+by saying that one who kills himself at his friend's death makes
+that friend a sharer in the guilt, and can do no more for him in
+another world, whereas by living he can give help by sacrifices and
+offerings. Those, too, who die may not be reunited for thousands of
+births. In the 'Katha-Koca' [16] a prince is dissuaded from following
+his wife to death because 'Even the idea of union with your beloved
+will be impossible when you are dead'; but the occurrence of the
+idea in a romance is more noteworthy than in a work which illustrates
+Jain doctrines. The question of food as affected by caste is touched
+on also (p. 205), when the Candala maiden tells the parrot that a
+Brahman may, in case of need, receive food of any kind, and that
+water poured on the ground, and fruit, are pure even when brought by
+the lowest. Another point to be remarked is the mention of followers
+of many sects as being present at court. Civa, especially under the
+name of Mahakala at Ujjayini, receives special worship, and Agni and
+the Matrikas (p. 14) also receive reverence. The zenanas include aged
+ascetic women (p. 217); followers of the Arhat, Krishna, Vicravasa,
+Avalokitecvara, and Virinca (p. 162); and the courtyard of Cukanasa
+has Caivas and followers of Cakyamuni (p. 217), also Kshapanakas
+(explained by the Commentary as Digambaras). The king, [17] however,
+is described as having an urna (the hair meeting between the brows),
+which is one of Buddha's marks; but the Commentary describes the urna
+as cakravartiprabhritinam eva nanyasya, so probably it only belongs to
+Buddha as cakravarti, or universal ruler. This shows that the reign of
+Harsha was one of religious tolerance. Hiouen Thsang, indeed, claims
+him as a Buddhist at heart, and mentions his building Buddhist stupas,
+[18] but he describes himself as a Caiva in the Madhuban grant, [19]
+and the preeminence yielded in 'Kadambari' to Civa certainly shows
+that his was then the popular worship.
+
+Another source of interest in 'Kadambari' lies in its contribution to
+folklore. It may perhaps contain nothing not found elsewhere, but the
+fact of its having a date gives it a value. The love of snakes for
+the breeze and for sandal-trees, the truth of dreams at the end of
+night, the magic circles, bathing in snake-ponds to gain a son, the
+mustard-seed and ghi put in a baby's mouth, may all be familiar ideas,
+but we have a date at which they were known and not despised. Does
+the appeal to the truth of her heart by Mahacveta in invoking the
+curse (p. 193) rest on the idea that fidelity to a husband confers
+supernatural power, [20] or is it like the 'act of truth' by which
+Buddha often performs miracles in the 'Jataka'?
+
+
+
+THE STYLE OF 'KADAMBARI.'
+
+The unsettled chronology of Indian literature makes it impossible
+to work out at present Bana's relations with other Sanskrit
+writers. Professor Peterson, [21] indeed, makes some interesting
+conjectures as to his connection with other authors of his own country,
+and also suggests, from similarity of phrase, that he may have fallen
+indirectly under the influence of Alexandrian literature. Be that
+as it may, he has been for many centuries a model of style, and it
+is therefore worth while to consider briefly the characteristics
+of his style compared with European standards. The first thing
+that strikes the reader is that the sense of proportion, the very
+foundation of style as we know it, is entirely absent. No topic is
+let go till the author can squeeze no more from it. In descriptions
+every possible minor detail is given in all its fulness; then follows
+a series of similes, and then a firework of puns. In speeches, be they
+lamentations or exhortations, grief is not assuaged, nor advice ended,
+till the same thing has been uttered with every existing variety of
+synonym. This defect, though it springs from the author's richness of
+resource and readiness of wit, makes the task of rendering in English
+the merit of the Sanskrit style an impossible one. It gives also a
+false impression; for to us a long description, if good, gives the
+effect of 'sweetness long drawn out,' and, if bad, brings drowsiness;
+whereas in Sanskrit the unending compounds suggest the impetuous rush
+of a torrent, and the similes and puns are like the play of light
+and shade on its waters. Bana, according to Professor Weber, [22]
+'passes for the special representative of the Pancali style,' [23]
+which Bhoja, quoted in the commentary of the 'Sahitya-Darpana,' defines
+as 'a sweet and soft style characterized by force (ojas) and elegance
+(kanti), containing compounds of five or six words.' But style,
+which is to poetic charm as the body to the soul, varies with the
+sense to be expressed, and Bana in many of his speeches is perfectly
+simple and direct. Owing to the peacefulness of 'Kadambari,' there is
+little opportunity for observing the rule that in the 'Katha' letters
+'ought not to be too rough, even when the flavour is furious.' [24]
+Of the alliteration of initial consonants, the only long passage
+is in the description of Cukanasa (p. 50), but in its subtler
+forms it constantly occurs. Of shorter passages there are several
+examples--e.g., Candra Candala (infra, p. 127); Candrapida Candalo
+(Sanskrit text, p. 416); Utkantham sotkantham kanthe jagraha (Ibid.,
+p. 367); Kamam sakamam kuryam (Ibid., p. 350); Candrapida pidanaya
+(Ibid., p. 370). The ornament of clesha, or paronomasia, which seems
+to arise from the untrained philological instinct of mankind seeking
+the fundamental identity of like sounds with apparently unlike meaning,
+and which lends dramatic intensity when, as sometimes in Shakespeare,
+[25] a flash of passionate feeling reveals to the speaker an original
+sameness of meaning in words seemingly far apart, is by Bana used
+purely as an adornment. He speaks of pleasant stories interwoven
+with puns 'as jasmine garlands with campak buds,' and they abound
+in his descriptions. The rasanopama, [26] or girdle of similes,
+is exemplified (p. 115), 'As youth to beauty, love to youth, spring
+to love' so was Kapinjala to Pundarika. Vishamam (incongruity) is
+the figure used in 'the brightness of his glory, free from heat,
+consumed his foes; constant, ever roamed' (p. 48). It can scarcely
+be separated from virodha (contradiction)--often used, as in 'I
+will allay on the funeral pyre the fever which the moon, sandal,
+and all cool things have increased' (p. 195)--or from vicitram [27]
+(strangeness), where an act is contrary to its apparent purpose:
+'There lives not the man whom the virtues of the most courteous lady
+Kadambari do not discourteously enslave' (p. 159). Arthapatti [28] (a
+fortiori conclusion) is exemplified in 'Even the senseless trees, robed
+in bark, seem like fellow-ascetics of this holy man. How much more,
+then, living beings endowed with sense!' (p. 43). Time and space would
+alike fail for analysis of Bana's similes according to the rules of the
+'Sahitya-Darpana.' [29] The author of the 'Raghavapandaviya' considers
+Subandhu and Bana as his only equals in vakrokti, or crooked speech,
+and the fault of a 'meaning to be guessed out' ('Sahitya-Darpana,' Sec.
+574) is not rare. The 'Kavya-Prakaca,' in addition to the references
+given by Professor Peterson, quotes a stanza describing a horse in the
+'Harsha-Carita' (chap. iii.) as an example of svabhavokti.
+
+The hero belongs to the division described as the high-spirited,
+but temperate and firm ('Sahitya-Darpana,' Sec. 64), i.e., he who
+is 'not given to boasting, placable, very profound, with great
+self-command, resolute, whose self-esteem is concealed, and faithful
+to his engagements,' and who has the 'eight manly qualities' of
+'brilliancy, vivacity, sweetness of temper, depth of character,
+steadfastness, keen sense of honour, gallantry, and magnanimity'
+(Ibid., Sec. 89). Kadambari is the type of the youthful heroine who
+feels love for the first time, is shy, and gentle even in indignation
+(Ibid., Sec. 98). The companions of each are also those declared in the
+books of rhetoric to be appropriate.
+
+
+
+LITERARY PARALLELS.
+
+The work which most invites comparison with 'Kadambari' is one far
+removed from it in place and time--Spenser's 'Faerie Queene.' Both
+have in great measure the same faults and the same virtues. The
+lack of proportion,--due partly to too large a plan, partly to an
+imagination wandering at will--the absence of visualization--which
+in Spenser produces sometimes a line like
+
+
+           'A lovely Ladie rode him faire beside
+            Upon a lowly Asse more white then snow,
+            Yet she much whiter,'
+
+
+and in Bana many a description like that of Mahacveta's fairness
+(pp. 95-97)--the undiscriminating praise bestowed on those whom they
+would fain honour, the shadowy nature of many of their personages,
+and the intricacies in which the story loses itself, are faults common
+to both. Both, too, by a strange coincidence, died with their work
+unfinished. But if they have the same faults, they have also many
+of the same virtues. The love of what is beautiful and pure both
+in character and the world around, tenderness of heart, a gentle
+spirit troubled by the disquiet of life, [30] grace and sweetness of
+style, and idyllic simplicity, are common to both. Though, however,
+Candrapida may have the chivalry and reverence of the Red Cross Knight,
+and Una share with Kadambari or Rohini 'nobility, tenderness, loftiness
+of soul, devotion and charm,' [31] the English hero and heroine are
+more real and more strenuous. We are, indeed, told in one hurried
+sentence of the heroic deeds of Candrapida in his world-conquest,
+and his self-control and firmness are often insisted on; but as he
+appears throughout the book, his self-control is constantly broken
+down by affection or grief, and his firmness destroyed by a timid
+balancing of conflicting duties, while his real virtue is his unfailing
+gentleness and courtesy. Nor could Kadambari, like Una, bid him, in
+any conflict, 'Add faith unto your force, and be not faint.' She is,
+perhaps, in youth and entire self-surrender, more like Shakespeare's
+Juliet, but she lacks her courage and resolve.
+
+
+
+THE PURPOSE OF 'KADAMBARI.'
+
+The likeness of spirit between these two leads to the question, Had
+Bana, like Spenser, any purpose, ethical or political, underlying his
+story? On the surface it is pure romance, and it is hard to believe
+that he had any motive but the simple delight of self-expression
+and love for the children of his own imagination. He only claims
+to tell a story 'tender with the charm of gracious speech, that
+comes of itself, like a bride, to the possession of its lord';
+[32] but it may be that he gladly gathered up in old age the fruits
+of his life's experience, and that his own memory of his father's
+tenderness to his childhood, of the temptations of youth, and of the
+dangers of prosperity and flattery that assail the heart of kings,
+was not used only to adorn a tale, but to be a guide to others on the
+perilous path of life. Be that as it may, the interest of 'Kadambari,'
+like that of the 'Faerie Queene,' does not depend for us now on any
+underlying purpose, but on the picture it presents in itself of the
+life and thought of a world removed in time, but not in sympathy, from
+our own; on the fresh understanding it gives of those who are in the
+widest sense our fellow-countrymen; and on the charm, to quote the
+beautiful words of Professor Peterson, 'of a story of human sorrow
+and divine consolation, of death and the passionate longing for a
+union after death, that goes straight from the heart of one who had
+himself felt the pang, and nursed the hope, to us who are of like
+frame with him ... the story which from the beginning of time mortal
+ears have yearned to hear, but which mortal lips have never spoken.'
+
+
+
+THE PLAN OF THE TRANSLATION.
+
+The translation of Bana presents much difficulty from the elaboration
+of his style, and it has been a specially hard task, and sometimes
+an impossible one, to give any rendering of the constant play on
+words in which he delights. I have sometimes endeavoured to give
+what might be an English equivalent, and in such cases I have
+added in a note the literal meaning of both alternatives; perhaps
+too much freedom may have been used, and sometimes also the best
+alternative may not have been chosen to place in the text; but those
+who have most experience will know how hard it is to do otherwise
+than fail. Some long descriptions have been omitted, such, e.g.,
+as a passage of several pages describing how the dust rose under
+the feet of Candrapida's army, and others where there seemed no
+special interest or variety to redeem their tediousness. A list of
+these omissions [33] is given at the end, together with an appendix,
+in which a few passages, chiefly interesting as mentioning religious
+sects, are added. I have acted on Professor Cowell's advice as to the
+principle on which omissions are made, as also in giving only a full
+abstract, and not a translation, of the continuation of 'Kadambari'
+by Bhushana. It is so entirely an imitation of his father's work in
+style, with all his faults, and without the originality that redeems
+them, that it would not reward translation. In my abstract I have
+kept the direct narration as more simple, but even when passages are
+given rather fully, it does not profess in any case to be more than
+a very free rendering; sometimes only the sense of a whole passage
+is summed up. I regret that the system of transliteration approved
+by the Royal Asiatic Society came too late for adoption here.
+
+The edition of 'Kadambari' to which the references in the text are
+given is that of the Nirnaya-Sagara Press (Bombay, 1890), which
+the full commentary makes indispensable, but I have also throughout
+made use of Professor Peterson's edition (Bombay Sanskrit Series,
+No. xxiv.). For the last half of the Second Part [34] I have referred
+to an anonymous literal translation, published by the New Britannia
+Press Depository, 78, Amherst Street, Calcutta.
+
+I have now to offer my grateful thanks to the Secretary of State
+for India, without whose kind help the volume could not have been
+published. I have also to thank Miss C. M. Duff for allowing me to use
+the MS. of her 'Indian Chronology'; Miss E. Dale, of Girton College,
+for botanical notes, which I regret that want of space prevented my
+printing in full; Mr. C. Tawney, librarian of the Indian Office, for
+information as to the sources of Indian fiction; Mr. F. F. Arbuthnot
+and Professor Rhys-Davids, for valuable advice; Professor C. Bendall,
+for his description of the Kamandakiya-Niti-Castra, and his constant
+kindness about my work; Mr. F. W. Thomas, of Trinity College, for
+letting me see the proof-sheets of the translation of the 'Harsha
+Carita'; and others for suggested renderings of difficult phrases,
+and for help of various kinds.
+
+But especially my thanks are due to Professor Cowell [35] for a
+generosity and unwearied helpfulness which all his pupils know,
+and which perhaps few but they could imagine. I read through with
+him the whole of the First Part before translating it myself, so that
+mistakes in the translation, many as they may be, can arise only from
+misunderstanding on my part, from too great freedom of rendering,
+or from failing to have recourse to the knowledge he so freely gives.
+
+
+        'Vrihatsahayah karyantam kshodiyanapi gacchati;
+        Sambhuyambodhim abhyeti mahanadya nagapaga.'
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+KADAMBARI.
+
+
+(1) Hail to the Birthless, the cause of creation, continuance, and
+destruction, triple [36] in form and quality, who shows activity in
+the birth of things, goodness in their continuance, and darkness in
+their destruction.
+
+(2) Glory to the dust of Tryambaka's feet, caressed by the diadem
+of the demon Bana [37]; even that dust that kisses the circle of
+Ravana's ten crest-gems, that rests on the crests of the lords of
+gods and demons, and that destroys our transitory life.
+
+(3) Glory to Vishnu, who, resolving to strike from afar, with but
+a moment's glance from his wrath-inflamed eye stained the breast of
+his enemy, as if it had burst of itself in terror.
+
+I salute the lotus feet of Bhatsu, [38] honoured by crowned Maukharis:
+the feet which have their tawny toes rubbed on a footstool made by
+the united crowns of neighbouring kings.
+
+Who is there that fears not the wicked, pitiless in causeless enmity;
+in whose mouth calumny hard to bear is always ready as the poison of
+a serpent?
+
+The wicked, like fetters, echo harshly, wound deeply, and leave a
+scar; while the good, like jewelled anklets, ever charm the mind with
+sweet sounds.
+
+(4) In a bad man gentle words sink no deeper than the throat, like
+nectar swallowed by Rahu. The good man bears them constantly on his
+heart, as Hari his pure gem.
+
+A story tender with the charm of gracious speech, creates in the heart
+joy full of fresh interest [39]; and it comes of itself, with native
+feeling, to its lord's possession, like a fresh bride. [40]
+
+Who is not carried captive by tales fashioned in freshness of
+speech, all alight with similes, and the lamps of glowing words
+[41]: pleasant tales interwoven with many a contrast of words, [42]
+as jasmine garlands with campak buds?
+
+There was once a Brahman, Kuvera by name, sprung from the race of
+Vatsyayana, sung throughout the world for his virtue, a leader of the
+good: his lotus feet were worshipped by many a Gupta, and he seemed
+a very portion of Brahma.
+
+(5) On his mouth Sarasvati ever dwelt: for in it all evil was stilled
+by the Veda; it had lips purified by sacrificial cake, and a palate
+bitter with soma, and it was pleasant with smriti and castra.
+
+In his house frightened boys, as they repeated verses of the Yajur
+and Sama Veda, were chidden at every word by caged parrots and mainas,
+who were thoroughly versed in everything belonging to words.
+
+From him was born Arthapati, a lord of the twice-born, as Hiranyagarbha
+from the world-egg, the moon from the Milky Ocean, or Garuda from
+Vinata.
+
+As he unfolded his spreading discourse day by day at dawn, new troops
+of pupils, intent on listening, [43] gave him a new glory, like fresh
+sandal-shoots fixed on the ear.
+
+(6) With countless sacrifices adorned with gifts duly offered, [44]
+having glowing Mahavira fires in their midst, [45] and raising the
+sacrificial posts as their hands, [46] he won easily, as if with a
+troop of elephants, the abode of the gods.
+
+He in due course obtained a son, Citrabhanu, who amongst his other
+noble and glorious sons, all versed in cruti and castra, shone as
+crystal, like Kailasa among mountains.
+
+The virtues of that noble man, reaching far and gleaming bright as a
+digit of the moon, yet without its spot, pierced deep even into the
+hearts of his foes, like the budding claws of Nrisimha (Vishnu).
+
+The dark smoke of many a sacrifice rose like curls on the brow of the
+goddesses of the sky; or like shoots of tamala on the ear of the bride,
+the Threefold Veda, and only made his own glory shine more bright.
+
+From him was born a son, Bana, when the drops that rose from
+the fatigue of the soma sacrifice were wiped from his brow by the
+folded lotus hands of Sarasvati, and when the seven worlds had been
+illuminated by the rays of his glory.
+
+(7) By that Brahman, albeit with a mind keeping even in his unspoken
+words its original dullness blinded by the darkness of its own utter
+folly, and simple from having never gained the charm of ready wit, this
+tale, surpassing the other two, [47] was fashioned, even Kadambari.
+
+
+
+There was once upon a time a king named Cudraka. Like a second
+Indra, he had his commands honoured by the bent heads of all kings;
+he was lord of the earth girt in by the four oceans; he had an army
+of neighbouring chiefs bowed down in loyalty to his majesty; he had
+the signs of a universal emperor; (8) like Vishnu, his lotus-hand bore
+the sign of the conch and the quoit; like Civa, he had overcome Love;
+like Kartikeya, he was unconquerable in might [48]; like Brahma, he
+had the circle of great kings humbled [49]; like the ocean, he was
+the source of Lakshmi; like the stream of Ganges, he followed in the
+course of the pious king Bhagiratha; like the sun, he rose daily in
+fresh splendour; like Meru, the brightness of his foot was honoured by
+all the world; like the elephant of the quarters, [50] he constantly
+poured forth a stream of generosity. He was a worker of wonders, an
+offerer of sacrifices, a mirror of moral law, a source of the arts, a
+native home of virtue; a spring of the ambrosial sweetness of poetry,
+a mountain of sunrise to all his friends, [51] and a direful comet to
+all his foes. (9) He was, moreover, a founder of literary societies,
+a refuge for men of taste, a rejecter of haughty bowholders, a leader
+among the bold, a chief among the wise. He was a cause of gladness to
+the humble, as Vainateya [52] was to Vinata. He rooted up with the
+point of his bow the boundary-mountains of his foes as Prithuraja
+did the noble mountains. He mocked Krishna, also, for while the
+latter made his boast of his man-lion form, he himself smote down
+the hearts of his foes by his very name, and while Krishna wearied
+the universe with his three steps, he subdued the whole world by one
+heroic effort. Glory long dwelt on the watered edge of his sword, as
+if to wash off the stain of contact with a thousand base chieftains,
+which had clung to her too long.
+
+By the indwelling of Dharma in his mind, Yama in his wrath, Kuvera in
+his kindness, Agni in his splendour, Earth in his arm, Lakshmi in his
+glance, Sarasvati in his eloquence, (10) the Moon in his face, the Wind
+in his might, Brihaspati in his knowledge, Love in his beauty, the Sun
+in his glory, he resembled holy Narayana, whose nature manifests every
+form, and who is the very essence of deity. Royal glory came to him
+once for all, like a woman coming to meet her lover, on the nights of
+battle stormy with the showers of ichor from the elephants' temples,
+and stood by him in the midst of the darkness of thousands of coats of
+mail, loosened from the doors of the breasts of warriors. She seemed
+to be drawn irresistibly by his sword, which was uneven in its edge,
+by reason of the drops of water forced out by the pressure of his
+strong hand, and which was decked with large pearls clinging to it
+when he clove the frontal bones of wild elephants. The flame of his
+majesty burnt day and night, as if it were a fire within his foes'
+fair wives, albeit reft of their lords, as if he would destroy the
+husbands now only enshrined in their hearts.
+
+(11) While he, having subdued the earth, was guardian of the world,
+the only mixing of colour [53] was in painting; the only pulling of
+hair in caresses; the only strict fetters in the laws of poetry; the
+only care was concerning moral law; the only deception was in dreams;
+the only golden rods [54] were in umbrellas. Banners alone trembled;
+songs alone showed variations [55]; elephants alone were rampant; [56]
+bows alone had severed cords; [57] lattice windows alone had ensnaring
+network; lovers' disputes alone caused sending of messengers; dice and
+chessmen alone left empty squares; and his subjects had no deserted
+homes. Under him, too, there was only fear of the next world, only
+twisting in the curls of the zenana women, only loquacity in anklets,
+only taking the hand [58] in marriage, only shedding of tears from
+the smoke of ceaseless sacrificial fires; the only sound of the lash
+was for horses, while the only twang of the bow was Love's.
+
+(15) When the thousand-rayed sun, bursting open the young lotus-buds,
+had not long risen, though it had lost somewhat of the pinkness of
+dawn, a portress approached the king in his hall of audience, and
+humbly addressed him. Her form was lovely, yet awe-inspiring, and
+with the scimitar (a weapon rarely worn by women) hanging at her left
+side, was like a sandal-tree girt by a snake. Her bosom glistened with
+rich sandal ointment like the heavenly Ganges when the frontal-bone of
+Airavata rises from its waters. (16) The chiefs bent before her seemed,
+by her reflection on their crests, to bear her on their foreheads as
+a royal command in human form. Like autumn, [59] she was robed in
+the whiteness of hamsas; like the blade of Paracurama she held the
+circle of kings in submission; like the forest land of the Vindhyas,
+she bore her wand, [60] and she seemed the very guardian-goddess of
+the realm. Placing on the ground her lotus hand and knee, she thus
+spake: 'Sire, there stands at the gate a Candala maiden from the
+South, a royal glory of the race of that Tricamku [61] who climbed
+the sky, but fell from it at the murmur of wrathful Indra. She bears
+a parrot in a cage, and bids me thus hail your majesty: "Sire, thou,
+like the ocean, art alone worthy to receive the treasures of the whole
+earth. In the thought that this bird is a marvel, and the treasure of
+the whole earth, I bring it to lay at thy feet, and desire to behold
+thee." (17) Thou, 0 king, hast heard her message, and must decide!' So
+saying, she ended her speech. The king, whose curiosity was aroused,
+looked at the chiefs around him, and with the words 'Why not? Bid
+her enter?' gave his permission.
+
+Then the portress, immediately on the king's order, ushered in the
+Candala maiden. And she entered and beheld the king in the midst of
+a thousand chiefs, like golden-peaked Meru in the midst of the noble
+mountains crouching together in fear of Indra's thunderbolt; or,
+in that the brightness of the jewels scattered on his dress almost
+concealed his form, like a day of storm, whereon the eight quarters of
+the globe are covered by Indra's thousand bows. He was sitting on a
+couch studded with moon-stones, beneath a small silken canopy, white
+as the foam of the rivers of heaven, with its four jewel-encrusted
+pillars joined by golden chains, and enwreathed with a rope of large
+pearls. Many cowries with golden handles waved around him; (18) his
+left foot rested on a footstool of crystal that was like the moon
+bent in humiliation before the flashing beauty of his countenance,
+and was adorned by the brightness of his feet, which yet were tinged
+with blue from the light rays of the sapphire pavement, as though
+darkened by the sighs of his conquered foes. His breast, crimsoned by
+the rubies which shone on his throne, recalled Krishna, red with blood
+from the fresh slaughter of Madhukaitabha; his two silken garments,
+white as the foam of ambrosia, with pairs of hamsas painted in yellow
+on their hem, waved in the wind raised by the cowries; the fragrant
+sandal unguent with which his chest was whitened, besprinkled with
+saffron ointment, was like snowy Kailasa with the early sunshine upon
+it; his face was encircled by pearls like stars mistaking it for the
+moon; the sapphire bracelets that clasped his arms were as a threat of
+chains to bind fickle fortune, or as snakes attracted by the smell of
+sandal-wood; (19) the lotus in his ear hung down slightly; his nose
+was aquiline, his eyes were like lotuses in full blossom, the hair
+grew in a circle between his brows, and was purified by the waters
+that inaugurated his possession of universal rule; his forehead was
+like a piece of the eighth-day moon made into a block of pure gold,
+garlanded with sweet jasmine, like the Western Mountain in the dawn
+with the stars growing pale on its brow. He was like the God of Love
+when struck by Civa's fire, for his body was tawny from the colour
+of his ornaments. His hand-maidens surrounded him, as if they were
+the goddesses of the quarters of the globe come to worship him; the
+earth bore him, as on her heart, through loyalty, in the reflection
+of his image in her clear mosaic pavement; fortune seemed his alone,
+though by him she was given to all to enjoy. (20) He was without a
+second, though his followers were without number; he trusted only
+to his own sword, though he had countless elephants and horses in
+his retinue; he filled the whole earth, though he stood in a small
+space of ground; he rested only on his bow, and yet was seated on his
+throne; he shone with the flame of majesty, though all the fuel of
+his enemies was uprooted; he had large eyes, and yet saw the smallest
+things; he was the home of all virtues, and yet was overreaching;
+[62] he was beloved of his wives, and yet was a despotic lord; he was
+free from intoxication, though he had an unfailing stream of bounty;
+he was fair in nature, yet in conduct a Krishna; [63] he laid no heavy
+hand [64] on his subjects, and yet the whole world rested in his grasp.
+
+Such was this king. And she yet afar beholding him, with a hand soft
+as the petal of a red lotus, and surrounded by a tinkling bracelet,
+and clasping the bamboo with its end jagged, (21) struck once on the
+mosaic floor to arouse the king; and at the sound, in a moment the
+whole assemblage of chiefs turned their eyes from the king to her,
+like a herd of wild elephants at the falling of the cocoanut. Then the
+king, with the words, 'Look yonder,' to his suite, gazed steadily upon
+the Candala maiden, as she was pointed out by the portress. Before
+her went a man, whose hair was hoary with age, whose eyes were the
+colour of the red lotus, whose joints, despite the loss of youth,
+were firm from incessant labour, whose form, though that of a Matanga,
+was not to be despised, and who wore the white raiment meet for a
+court. Behind her went a Candala boy, with locks falling on either
+shoulder, bearing a cage, the bars of which, though of gold, shone
+like emerald from the reflection of the parrot's plumage. (22) She
+herself seemed by the darkness of her hue to imitate Krishna when he
+guilefully assumed a woman's attire to take away the amrita seized by
+the demons. She was, as it were, a doll of sapphire walking alone;
+and over the blue garment, which reached to her ankle, there fell a
+veil of red silk, like evening sunshine falling on blue lotuses. The
+circle of her cheek was whitened by the earring that hung from one
+ear, like the face of night inlaid with the rays of the rising moon;
+she had a tawny tilaka of gorocana, as if it were a third eye, like
+Parvati in mountaineer's attire, after the fashion of the garb of Civa.
+
+She was like Cri, darkened by the sapphire glory of Narayana reflected
+on the robe on her breast; or like Rati, stained by smoke which rose as
+Madana was burnt by the fire of wrathful Civa; or like Yamuna, fleeing
+in fear of being drawn along by the ploughshare of wild Balarama;
+or, from the rich lac that turned her lotus feet into budding shoots,
+like Durga, with her feet crimsoned by the blood of the Asura Mahisha
+she had just trampled upon.
+
+(23) Her nails were rosy from the pink glow of her fingers; the
+mosaic pavement seemed too hard for her touch, and she came forward,
+placing her feet like tender twigs upon the ground.
+
+The rays of her anklets, rising in flame-colour, seemed to encircle
+her as with the arms of Agni, as though, by his love for her beauty, he
+would purify the stain of her birth, and so set the Creator at naught.
+
+Her girdle was like the stars wreathed on the brow of the elephant
+of Love; and her necklace was a rope of large bright pearls, like
+the stream of Ganga just tinged by Yamuna.
+
+Like autumn, she opened her lotus eyes; like the rainy season, she had
+cloudy tresses; like the circle of the Malaya Hills, she was wreathed
+with sandal; (24) like the zodiac, she was decked with starry gems;
+[65] like Cri, she had the fairness of a lotus in her hand; like a
+swoon, she entranced the heart; like a forest, she was endowed with
+living [66] beauty; like the child of a goddess, she was claimed by
+no tribe; [67] like sleep, she charmed the eyes; as a lotus-pool in
+a wood is troubled by elephants, so was she dimmed by her Matanga
+[68] birth; like a spirit, she might not be touched; like a letter,
+she gladdened the eyes alone; like the blossoms of spring, she lacked
+the jati flower; [69] her slender waist, like the line of Love's bow,
+could be spanned by the hands; with her curly hair, she was like the
+Lakshmi of the Yaksha king in Alaka. [70] She had but reached the
+flower of her youth, and was beautiful exceedingly. And the king was
+amazed; and the thought arose in his mind, (25) 'Ill-placed was the
+labour of the Creator in producing this beauty! For if she has been
+created as though in mockery of her Candala form, such that all the
+world's wealth of loveliness is laughed to scorn by her own, why was
+she born in a race with which none can mate? Surely by thought alone
+did Prajapati create her, fearing the penalties of contact with the
+Matanga race, else whence this unsullied radiance, a grace that belongs
+not to limbs sullied by touch? Moreover, though fair in form, by the
+baseness of her birth, whereby she, like a Lakshmi of the lower world,
+is a perpetual reproach to the gods, [71] she, lovely as she is, causes
+fear in Brahma, the maker of so strange a union.' While the king was
+thus thinking the maiden, garlanded with flowers, that fell over her
+ears, bowed herself before him with a confidence beyond her years. And
+when she had made her reverence and stepped on to the mosaic floor,
+her attendant, taking the parrot, which had just entered the cage,
+advanced a few steps, and, showing it to the king, said: 'Sire, this
+parrot, by name Vaicampayana, knows the meaning of all the castras,
+is expert in the practice of royal policy, (26) skilled in tales,
+history, and Puranas, and acquainted with songs and with musical
+intervals. He recites, and himself composes graceful and incomparable
+modern romances, love-stories, plays, and poems, and the like; he
+is versed in witticisms, and is an unrivalled disciple of the vina,
+flute, and drum. He is skilled in displaying the different movements of
+dancing, dextrous in painting, very bold in play, ready in resources
+to calm a maiden angered in a lover's quarrel, and familiar with the
+characteristics of elephants, horses, men, and women. He is the gem
+of the whole earth; and in the thought that treasures belong to thee,
+as pearls to the ocean, the daughter of my lord has brought him hither
+to thy feet, O king! Let him be accepted as thine.'
+
+Having thus said, he laid the cage before the king and retired. (27)
+And when he was gone, the king of birds, standing before the king, and
+raising his right foot, having uttered the words, 'All hail!' recited
+to the king, in a song perfect in the enunciation of each syllable
+and accent, a verse [72] to this effect:
+
+
+    'The bosoms of your foemen's queens now mourn,
+    Keeping a fast of widowed solitude,
+    Bathed in salt tears, of pearl-wreaths all forlorn,
+    Scorched by their sad hearts' too close neighbourhood.'
+
+
+And the king, having heard it, was amazed, and joyfully addressed
+his minister Kumarapalita, who sat close to him on a costly golden
+throne, like Brihaspati in his mastery of political philosophy, aged,
+of noble birth, first in the circle of wise councillors: 'Thou hast
+heard the bird's clear enunciation of consonants, and the sweetness
+of his intonation. This, in the first place, is a great marvel, that
+he should raise a song in which the syllables are clearly separated;
+and there is a combination of correctness with clearness in the vowels
+and anunasikas. (28) Then, again, we had something more than that:
+for in him, though a lower creation, are found the accomplishments,
+as it were, of a man, in a pleasurable art, and the course of his
+song is inspired by knowledge. For it was he who, with the cry, "All
+hail!" straightened his right foot and sang this song concerning me,
+whereas, generally, birds and beasts are only skilled in the science of
+fearing, eating, pairing, and sleeping. This is most wonderful.' And
+when the king had said this, Kumarapalita, with a slight smile,
+replied: 'Where is the wonder? For all kinds of birds, beginning with
+the parrot and the maina, repeat a sound once heard, as thou, O king,
+knowest; so it is no wonder that exceeding skill is produced either
+by the efforts of men, or in consequence of perfection gained in a
+former birth. Moreover, they formerly possessed a voice like that of
+men, with clear utterance. The indistinct speech of parrots, as well
+as the change in elephants' tongues, arose from a curse of Agni.'
+
+Hardly had he thus spoken when there arose the blast of the mid-day
+conch, following the roar of the drum distinctly struck at the
+completion of the hour, and announcing that the sun had reached
+the zenith. (29) And, hearing this, the king dismissed his band of
+chiefs, as the hour for bathing was at hand, and arose from his hall
+of audience.
+
+Then, as he started, the great chiefs thronged together as they rose,
+tearing their silk raiment with the leaf-work of their bracelets,
+as it fell from its place in the hurried movement. Their necklaces
+were swinging with the shock; the quarters of space were made
+tawny by showers of fragrant sandal-powder and saffron scattered
+from their limbs in their restlessness; the bees arose in swarms
+from their garlands of malati flowers, all quivering; their cheeks
+were caressed by the lotuses in their ears, half hanging down; their
+strings of pearls were trembling on their bosoms--each longed in his
+self-consciousness to pay his respects to the king as he departed.
+
+The hall of audience was astir on all sides with the sound of the
+anklets of the cowrie bearers as they disappeared in all directions,
+bearing the cowries on their shoulders, their gems tinkling at every
+step, broken by the cry of the kalahamsas, eager to drink the lotus
+honey; (30) with the pleasant music of the jewelled girdles and
+wreaths of the dancing-girls coming to pay their respects as they
+struck their breast and sides; with the cries of the kalahamsas
+of the palace lake, which, charmed by the sound of the anklets,
+whitened the broad steps of the hall of audience; with the voices of
+the tame cranes, eager for the sound of the girdles, screaming more
+and more with a prolonged outcry, like the scratching of bell-metal;
+with the heavy tramp on the floor of the hall of audience struck
+by the feet of a hundred neighbouring chiefs suddenly departing,
+which seemed to shake the earth like a hurricane; with the cry of
+'Look!' from the wand-bearing ushers, who were driving the people
+in confusion before them, and shouting loudly, yet good-naturedly,
+'Behold!' long and shrill, resounding far by its echo in the bowers
+of the palace; (31) with the ringing of the pavement as it was
+scratched by the points of diadems with their projecting aigrettes,
+as the kings swiftly bent till their trembling crest-gems touched
+the ground; with the tinkling of the earrings as they rang on the
+hard mosaic in their owners' obeisance; with the space-pervading din
+of the bards reciting auspicious verses, and coming forward with the
+pleasant continuous cry, 'Long life and victory to our king!'; with
+the hum of the bees as they rose up leaving the flowers, by reason
+of the turmoil of the hundreds of departing feet; with the clash of
+the jewelled pillars on which the gems were set jangling from being
+struck by the points of the bracelets as the chieftains fell hastily
+prostrate in their confusion. The king then dismissed the assembled
+chiefs, saying, 'Rest awhile'; and after saying to the Candala maiden,
+'Let Vaicampayana be taken into the inner apartments,' and giving the
+order to his betel-nut bearer, he went, accompanied by a few favourite
+princes, to his private apartments. There, laying aside his adornments,
+like the sun divested of his rays, or the sky bare of moon and stars,
+he entered the hall of exercise, where all was duly prepared. Having
+taken pleasant exercise therein with the princes of his own age, (32)
+he then entered the bathing-place, which was covered with a white
+canopy, surrounded by the verses of many a bard. It had a gold bath,
+filled with scented water in its midst, with a crystal bathing-seat
+placed by it, and was adorned with pitchers placed on one side,
+full of most fragrant waters, having their mouths darkened by bees
+attracted by the odour, as if they were covered with blue cloths,
+from fear of the heat. (33) Then the hand-maidens, some darkened by
+the reflection of their emerald jars, like embodied lotuses with
+their leafy cups, some holding silver pitchers, like night with a
+stream of light shed by the full moon, duly besprinkled the king. (34)
+Straightway there arose a blare of the trumpets sounded for bathing,
+penetrating all the hollows of the universe, accompanied by the din
+of song, lute, flute, drum, cymbal, and tabor, resounding shrilly
+in diverse tones, mingled with the uproar of a multitude of bards,
+and cleaving the path of hearing. Then, in due order, the king put
+upon him two white garments, light as a shed snake-skin, and wearing
+a turban, with an edge of fine silk, pure as a fleck of white cloud,
+like Himalaya with the stream of the heavenly river falling upon it,
+he made his libation to the Pitris with a handful of water, consecrated
+by a hymn, and then, prostrating himself before the sun, proceeded to
+the temple. When he had worshipped Civa, and made an offering to Agni,
+(35) his limbs were anointed in the perfuming-room with sandal-wood,
+sweetened with the fragrance of saffron, camphor, and musk, the
+scent of which was followed by murmuring bees; he put on a chaplet
+of scented malati flowers, changed his garb, and, with no adornment
+save his jewelled earrings, he, together with the kings, for whom a
+fitting meal was prepared, broke his fast, with the pleasure that
+arises from the enjoyment of viands of sweet savour. Then, having
+drunk of a fragrant drug, rinsed his mouth, and taken his betel, he
+arose from his dais, with its bright mosaic pavement. The portress,
+who was close by, hastened to him, and leaning on her arm, he went
+to the hall of audience, followed by the attendants worthy to enter
+the inner apartments, whose palms were like boughs, very hard from
+their firm grasp of their wands.
+
+The hall showed as though walled with crystal by reason of the
+white silk that draped its ends; the jewelled floor was watered to
+coolness with sandal-water, to which was added very fragrant musk;
+the pure mosaic was ceaselessly strewn with masses of blossoms,
+as the sky with its bevy of stars; (36) many a golden pillar shone
+forth, purified with scented water, and decked with countless images,
+as though with the household gods in their niches; aloe spread its
+fragrance richly; the whole was dominated by an alcove, which held a
+couch white as a cloud after storm, with a flower-scented covering,
+a pillow of fine linen at the head, castors encrusted with gems, and
+a jewelled footstool by its side, like the peak of Himalaya to behold.
+
+Reclining on this couch, while a maiden, seated on the ground, having
+placed in her bosom the dagger she was wont to bear, gently rubbed his
+feet with a palm soft as the leaves of fresh lotuses, the king rested
+for a short time, and held converse on many a theme with the kings,
+ministers, and friends whose presence was meet for that hour.
+
+He then bade the portress, who was at hand, to fetch Vaicampayana
+from the women's apartments, for he had become curious to learn his
+story. And she, bending hand and knee to the ground, with the words
+'Thy will shall be done!' taking the command on her head, fulfilled
+his bidding. (37) Soon Vaicampayana approached the king, having his
+cage borne by the portress, under the escort of a herald, leaning on
+a gold staff, slightly bent, white robed, wearing a top-knot silvered
+with age, slow in gait, and tremulous in speech, like an aged flamingo
+in his love for the race of birds, who, placing his palm on the ground,
+thus delivered his message: 'Sire, the queens send thee word that by
+thy command this Vaicampayana has been bathed and fed, and is now
+brought by the portress to thy feet.' Thus speaking, he retired,
+and the king asked Vaicampayana: 'Hast thou in the interval eaten
+food sufficient and to thy taste?' 'Sire,' replied he, 'what have
+I not eaten? I have drunk my fill of the juice of the jambu fruit,
+aromatically sweet, pink and blue as a cuckoo's eye in the gladness
+of spring; I have cracked the pomegranate seeds, bright as pearls
+wet with blood, which lions' claws have torn from the frontal bones
+of elephants. I have torn at my will old myrobalans, green as lotus
+leaves, and sweet as grapes. (38) But what need of further words? For
+everything brought by the queens with their own hands turns to
+ambrosia.' And the king, rebuking his talk, said: 'Let all this
+cease for a while, and do thou remove our curiosity. Tell us from
+the very beginning the whole history of thy birth--in what country,
+and how wert thou born, and by whom was thy name given? Who were thy
+father and mother? How came thine attainment of the Vedas, and thine
+acquaintance with the Castras, and thy skill in the fine arts? What
+caused thy remembrance of a former birth? Was it a special boon given
+thee? Or dost thou dwell in disguise, wearing the form only of a bird,
+and where didst thou formerly dwell? How old art thou, and how came
+this bondage of a cage, and the falling into the hands of a Candala
+maiden, and thy coming hither?' Thus respectfully questioned by the
+king, whose curiosity was kindled, Vaicampayana thought a moment,
+and reverently replied, 'Sire, the tale is long; but if it is thy
+pleasure, let it be heard.'
+
+
+
+'There is a forest, by name Vindhya, that embraces the shores of the
+eastern and western ocean, and decks the central region as though
+it were the earth's zone. (39) It is beauteous with trees watered
+with the ichor of wild elephants, and bearing on their crests masses
+of white blossom that rise to the sky and vie with the stars; in
+it the pepper-trees, bitten by ospreys in their spring gladness,
+spread their boughs; tamala branches trampled by young elephants
+fill it with fragrance; shoots in hue like the wine-flushed cheeks
+of Malabaris, as though roseate with lac from the feet of wandering
+wood-nymphs, overshadow it. Bowers there are, too, wet with drippings
+from parrot-pierced pomegranates; bowers in which the ground is covered
+with torn fruit and leaves shaken down by restless monkeys from the
+kakkola trees, or sprinkled with pollen from ever-falling blossoms,
+or strewn with couches of clove-branches by travellers, or hemmed
+in by fine cocoanuts, ketakis, kariras, and bakulas; bowers so fair
+that with their areca trees girt about with betel vines, they make
+a fitting home for a woodland Lakshmi. Thickly growing elas make
+the wood dark and fragrant, as with the ichor of wild elephants;
+(40) hundreds of lions, who meet their death from barbaric leaders
+eager to seize the pearls of the elephants' frontal-bones still
+clinging to their mouth and claws, roam therein; it is fearful as
+the haunt of death, like the citadel of Yama, and filled with the
+buffaloes dear to him; like an army ready for battle, it has bees
+resting on its arrow-trees, as the points on arrows, and the roar of
+the lion is clear as the lion-cry of onset; it has rhinoceros tusks
+dreadful as the dagger of Durga, and like her is adorned with red
+sandal-wood; like the story of Karnisuta, it has its Vipula, Acala
+and Caca in the wide mountains haunted by hares, [73] that lie near
+it; as the twilight of the last eve of an aeon has the frantic dance
+of blue-necked Civa, so has it the dances of blue-necked peacocks,
+and bursts into crimson; as the time of churning the ocean had the
+glory of Cri and the tree which grants all desires, and was surrounded
+by sweet draughts of Varuna, [74] so is it adorned by Cri trees and
+Varuna2 trees. It is densely dark, as the rainy season with clouds,
+and decked with pools in countless hundreds; [75] like the moon, it
+is always the haunt of the bears, and is the home of the deer. [76]
+(41) Like a king's palace, it is adorned by the tails of cowrie deer,
+[77] and protected by troops of fierce elephants. Like Durga, it is
+strong of nature, [78] and haunted by the lion. Like Sita, it has
+its Kuca, and is held by the wanderer of night. [79] Like a maiden
+in love, it wears the scent of sandal and musk, and is adorned with
+a tilaka of bright aloes; [80] like a lady in her lover's absence,
+it is fanned with the wind of many a bough, and possessed of Madana;
+[81] like a child's neck, it is bright with rows of tiger's-claws,
+[82] and adorned with a rhinoceros; [83] like a hall of revelry with
+its honeyed draughts, it has hundreds of beehives [84] visible, and
+is strewn with flowers. In parts it has a circle of earth torn up by
+the tusks of large boars, like the end of the world when the circle
+of the earth was lifted up by the tusks of Mahavaraha; here, like
+the city of Ravana, it is filled with lofty calas [85] inhabited by
+restless monkeys; (42) here it is, like the scene of a recent wedding,
+bright with fresh kuca grass, fuel, flowers, acacia, and palaca; here,
+it seems to bristle in terror at the lions' roar; here, it is vocal
+with cuckoos wild for joy; here it is, as if in excitement, resonant
+with the sound of palms [86] in the strong wind; here, it drops its
+palm-leaves like a widow giving up her earrings; here, like a field of
+battle, it is filled with arrowy reeds; [87] here, like Indra's body,
+it has a thousand netras; [88] here, like Vishnu's form, it has the
+darkness of tamalas; [89] here, like the banner of Arjuna's chariot,
+it is blazoned with monkeys; here, like the court of an earthly king,
+it is hard of access, through the bamboos; here, like the city of
+King Virata, it is guarded by a Kicaka; [90] here, like the Lakshmi of
+the sky, it has the tremulous eyes of its deer pursued by the hunter;
+[91] here, like an ascetic, it has bark, bushes, and ragged strips and
+grass. [92] (43) Though adorned with Saptaparna, [93] it yet possesses
+leaves innumerable; though honoured by ascetics, it is yet very savage;
+[94] though in its season of blossom, it is yet most pure.
+
+'In that forest there is a hermitage, famed throughout the world--a
+very birthplace of Dharma. It is adorned with trees tended by
+Lopamudra as her own children, fed with water sprinkled by her own
+hands, and trenched round by herself. She was the wife of the great
+ascetic Agastya; he it was who at the prayer of Indra drank up the
+waters of ocean, and who, when the Vindhya mountains, by a thousand
+wide peaks stretching to the sky in rivalry of Meru, were striving to
+stop the course of the sun's chariot, and were despising the prayers
+of all the gods, yet had his commands obeyed by them; who digested the
+demon Vatapi by his inward fire; who had the dust of his feet kissed
+by the tips of the gold ornaments on the crests of gods and demons; who
+adorned the brow of the Southern Region; and who manifested his majesty
+by casting Nahusha down from heaven by the mere force of his murmur.
+
+(44) 'The hermitage is also hallowed by Lopamudra's son Dridhadasyu,
+an ascetic, bearing his staff of palaca, [95] wearing a sectarial
+mark made of purifying ashes, clothed in strips of kuca grass,
+girt with munja, holding a cup of green leaves in his roaming from
+hut to hut to ask alms. From the large supply of fuel he brought,
+he was surnamed by his father Fuelbearer.
+
+'The place is also darkened in many a spot by green parrots and by
+plantain groves, and is girt by the river Godaveri, which, like a
+dutiful wife, followed the path of the ocean when drunk by Agastya.
+
+'There, too, Rama, when he gave up his kingdom to keep his father's
+promise, dwelt happily for some time at Pancavati with Sita, following
+the great ascetic Agastya, living in a pleasant hut made by Lakshmana,
+even Rama, the vexer of the triumphs of Ravana's glory. [96]
+
+'There, even now, the trees, though the hermitage has long been empty,
+show, as it were, in the lines of white doves softly nestling in the
+boughs, the hermits' pure lines of sacrificial smoke clinging to them;
+and there a glow bursts forth on the shoots of creepers, as if it had
+passed to them from Sita's hand as she offered flowers of oblation;
+(45) there the water of ocean drunk and sent forth by the ascetic
+seems to have been wholly distributed among the great lakes round the
+hermitage; there the wood, with its fresh foliage, shines as if its
+roots had been watered with the blood of countless hosts of demons
+struck down by Rama's many keen shafts, and as if now its palaacas
+were stained with their crimson hue; there, even yet, the old deer
+nurtured by Sita, when they hear the deep roar of fresh clouds in the
+rainy season, think on the twang of Rama's bow penetrating all the
+hollows of the universe, and refuse their mouthfuls of fresh grass,
+while their eyes are dimmed by ceaseless tears, as they see a deserted
+world, and their own horns crumbling from age; there, too, the golden
+deer, as if it had been incited by the rest of the forest deer slain
+in the ceaseless chase, deceived Sita, and led the son of Raghu
+far astray; there, too, in their grief for the bitter loss of Sita,
+Rama and Lakshmana seized by Kabandha, like an eclipse of sun and moon
+heralding the death of Ravana, filled the universe with a mighty dread;
+(46) there, too, the arm of Yojanabahu, struck off by Rama's arrow,
+caused fear in the saints as it lay on the ground, lest it should be
+the serpent form of Nahusha, brought back by Agastya's curse; there,
+even now, foresters behold Sita painted inside the hut by her husband
+to solace his bereavement, as if she were again rising from the ground
+in her longing to see her husband's home.
+
+'Not far from that hermitage of Agastya, of which the ancient history
+is yet clearly to be seen, is a lotus lake called Pampa. It stands
+near that hermitage, as if it were a second ocean made by the Creator
+in rivalry with Agastya, at the prompting of Varuna, wrathful at
+the drinking of ocean; it is like the sky fallen on earth to bind
+together the fragments of the eight quarters when severed in the
+day of doom. [97] (48) It is, indeed, a peerless home of waters,
+and its depth and extent none can tell. There, even now, the wanderer
+may see pairs of cakravakas, with their wings turned to blue by the
+gleam of the blossoming lotuses, as if they were swallowed up by the
+impersonate curse of Rama.
+
+'On the left bank of that lake, and near a clump of palms broken
+by Rama's arrows, was a large old calmali tree. [98] It shows as
+though it were enclosed in a large trench, because its roots are
+always encircled by an old snake, like the trunk of the elephants
+of the quarters; (49) it seems to be mantled with the slough of
+serpents, which hangs on its lofty trunk and waves in the wind;
+it strives to compass the measurement of the circle of space by its
+many boughs spreading through the firmament, and so to imitate Civa,
+whose thousand arms are outstretched in his wild dance at the day
+of doom, and who wears the moon on his crest. Through its weight of
+years, it clings for support even to the shoulder of the wind; it is
+girt with creepers that cover its whole trunk, and stand out like the
+thick veins of old age. Thorns have gathered on its surface like the
+moles of old age; not even the thick clouds by which its foliage is
+bedewed can behold its top, when, after drinking the waters of ocean,
+they return from all sides to the sky, and pause for a moment, weary
+with their load of water, like birds amongst its boughs. From its
+great height, it seems to be on tiptoe to look [99] at the glory of
+the Nandana [100] Wood; its topmost branches are whitened by cotton,
+which men might mistake for foam dropped from the corners of their
+mouths by the sun's steeds as, beset with weariness of their path
+through the sky, they come near it in their course overhead; (50)
+it has a root that will last for an aeon, for, with the garland
+of drunken bees sticking to the ichor which clings to it where the
+cheeks of woodland elephants are rubbed against it, it seems to be
+held motionless by iron chains; it seems alive with swarms of bees,
+flashing in and out of its hollow trunk. It beholds the alighting of
+the wings of birds, as Duryodhana receives proofs of Cakuni's [101]
+partizanship; like Krishna, it is encircled by a woodland chaplet;
+[102] like a mass of fresh clouds its rising is seen in the sky. It
+is a temple whence woodland goddesses can look out upon the whole
+world. It is the king of the Dandaka Wood, the leader of the lordly
+trees, the friend of the Vindhya Mountains, and it seems to embrace
+with the arms of its boughs the whole Vindhya Forest. There, on the
+edge of the boughs, in the centre of the crevices, amongst the twigs,
+in the joints of the trunks, in the holes of the rotten bark, flocks
+of parrots have taken their abode. From its spaciousness, they have
+confidently built in it their thousand nests; from its steepness,
+they have come to it fearlessly from every quarter. Though its
+leaves are thin with age, this lord of the forest still looks green
+with dense foliage, as they rest upon it day and night. (51) In it
+they spend the nights in their own nests, and daily, as they rise,
+they form lines in the sky; they show in heaven like Yamuna with her
+wide streams scattered by the tossing of Bala's ploughshare in his
+passion; they suggest a lotus-bed of the heavenly Ganges flowing away,
+uprooted by the elephant of heaven; they show forth a sky streaked,
+as it were, with the brightness of the steeds of the sun's chariot;
+they wear the semblance of a moving floor of emerald; they stretch
+out in the lake of heaven like long twines of Vallisneria; they fan
+the faces of the quarters wearied with the mass of the sun's keen
+rays, with their wings spread against the sky like plantain leaves;
+they form a grassy path stretching through the heaven, and as they
+roam they grace the firmament with a rainbow. After their meal they
+return to the young birds which stay in the nest, and give them,
+from beaks pink as tiger's claws reddened with the blood of slain
+deer, the juice of fruits and many a dainty morsel of rice-clusters,
+for by their deep love to their children all their other likings are
+subdued; (52) then they spend the night in this same tree with their
+young under their wings.
+
+'Now my father, who by reason of his great age barely dragged on his
+life, dwelt with my mother in a certain old hollow, and to him I was,
+by the decree of Fate, born as his only son. My mother, overcome by
+the pains of child-birth when I was born, went to another world, and,
+in spite of his grief for the death of his loved wife, my father, from
+love to his child, checked the keen onrush of his sorrow, and devoted
+himself in his loneliness wholly to my nurture. From his great age,
+the wide wings he raised had lost their power of flight, and hung
+loose from his shoulders, so that when he shook them he seemed to
+be trying to shake off the painful old age that clung to his body,
+while his few remaining tail feathers were broken like a tatter of
+kuca grass; and yet, though he was unable to wander far, he gathered
+up bits of fruit torn down by parrots and fallen at the foot of the
+tree, and picked up grains of rice from rice-stalks that had fallen
+from other nests, with a beak the point of which was broken and the
+edge worn away and rubbed by breaking rice-clusters, and pink as the
+stalk of the sephalika flower when still hard, and he daily made his
+own meal on what I left.
+
+(53) 'But one day I heard a sound of the tumult of the chase. The
+moon, reddened by the glow of dawn, was descending to the shore
+of the Western Ocean, from the island of the heavenly Ganges, like
+an old hamsa with its wings reddened by the honey of the heavenly
+lotus-bed; the circle of space was widening, and was white as the
+hair of a ranku deer; the throng of stars, like flowers strewn on
+the pavement of heaven, were being cast away by the sun's long rays,
+as if they were brooms of rubies, for they were red as a lion's
+mane dyed in elephant's blood, or pink as sticks of burning lac; the
+cluster of the Seven Sages was, as it were, descending the bank of the
+Manasa Lake, and rested on the northern quarter to worship the dawn;
+the Western Ocean was lifting a mass of pearls, scattered from open
+shells on its shore, as though the stars, melted by the sun's rays,
+had fallen on it, whitening the surface of its alluvial islands. The
+wood was dropping dew; its peacocks were awake; its lions were yawning;
+(54) its wild elephants were wakened by herds of she-elephants, and
+it, with its boughs raised like reverential hands, sent up towards
+the sun, as he rested on the peak of the Eastern Mountain, a mass of
+flowers, the filaments of which were heavy with the night dews. The
+lines of sacrificial smoke from the hermitages, gray as the hair
+of an ass, were gleaming like banners of holiness, and rested like
+doves on the tree-tops whereon the wood-nymphs dwelt. The morning
+breeze was blowing, and roamed softly, for it was weary at the end
+of night; it gladdened swarms of bees by the flowers' perfume; it
+rained showers of honey dew from the opened lotuses; it was eager
+to teach the dancing creepers with their waving boughs; it carried
+drops of foam from the rumination of woodland buffaloes; it removed
+the perspiration of the weary mountaineers; it shook the lotuses, and
+bore with it the dewdrops. The bees, who ought to be the drums on the
+elephant's frontal-bones to recite auspicious songs for the wakening
+of the day lotus-groves, now sent up their hum from the hearts of the
+night-lotuses, as their wings were clogged in the closing petals;
+(55) the deer of the wood had the markings on their breast, gray
+with resting on the salt ground, and slowly opened eyes, the pupils
+of which were still squinting with the remains of sleep, and were
+caught by the cool morning breeze as if their eyelashes were held
+together by heated lac; foresters were hastening hither and thither;
+the din of the kalahamsas on the Pampa Lake, sweet to the ear, was
+now beginning; the pleasant flapping of the wild elephant's ears
+breaking forth caused the peacocks to dance; in time the sun himself
+slowly arose, and wandered among the tree-tops round the Pampa Lake,
+and haunted the mountain peaks, with rays of madder, like a mass of
+cowries bending downwards from the sun's elephant as he plunges into
+the sky; the fresh light sprung from the sun banished the stars,
+falling on the wood like the monkey king who had again lost Tara;
+[103] the morning twilight became visible quickly, occupying the
+eighth part of the day, and the sun's light became clear.
+
+'The troops of parrots had all started to the places they desired;
+that tree seemed empty by reason of the great stillness, though it had
+all the young parrots resting quietly in their nests. (56) My father
+was still in his own nest, and I, as from my youth my wings were
+hardly fledged and had no strength, was close to him in the hollow,
+when I suddenly heard in that forest the sound of the tumult of the
+chase. It terrified every woodland creature; it was drawn out by a
+sound of birds' wings flying hastily up; it was mingled with cries
+from the frightened young elephants; it was increased by the hum of
+drunken bees, disturbed on the shaken creepers; it was loud with the
+noise of wild boars roaming with raised snouts; it was swollen by the
+roar of lions wakened from their sleep in mountain caves; it seemed to
+shake the trees, and was great as the noise of the torrents of Ganges,
+when brought down by Bhagiratha; and the woodland nymphs listened to
+it in terror.
+
+'When I heard this strange sound I began to tremble in my childishness;
+the cavity of my ear was almost broken; I shook for fear, and thinking
+that my father, who was close by, could help me, I crept within his
+wings, loosened as they were by age.
+
+'Straightway I heard an outcry of "Hence comes the scent of the
+lotus beds the leaders of the elephants have trampled! Hence the
+perfume of rushes the boars have chewed! Hence the keen fragrance
+of gum-olibanum the young elephants have divided! Hence the rustling
+of dry leaves shaken down! (57) Hence the dust of antheaps that the
+horns of wild buffaloes have cleft like thunderbolts! Hence came a
+herd of deer! Hence a troop of wild elephants! Hence a band of wild
+boars! Hence a multitude of wild buffaloes! Hence the shriek of a
+circle of peacocks! Hence the murmur of partridges! Hence the cry of
+ospreys! Hence the groan of elephants with their frontal bones torn
+by lion's claws! This is a boar's path stained with fresh mud! This
+a mass of foam from the rumination of deer, darkened by the juice
+of mouthfuls of grass just eaten! This the hum of bees garrulous as
+they cling to the scent left by the rubbing of elephants' foreheads
+with ichor flowing! That the path of the ruru deer pink with withered
+leaves bedewed with blood that has been shed. That is a mass of shoots
+on the trees crushed by the feet of elephants! Those are the gambols
+of rhinoceroses; that is the lion's track jagged with pieces of the
+elephant's pearls, pink with blood, and engraved with a monstrous
+device by their claws; that is the earth crimsoned with the blood of
+the newly born offspring of the does; that is the path, like a widow's
+braid, darkened with the ichor of the lord of the herd wandering at his
+will! Follow this row of yaks straight before us! Quickly occupy this
+part of the wood where the dung of the deer is dried! (58) Climb the
+tree-top! Look out in this direction! Listen to this sound! Take the
+bow! Stand in your places! Let slip the hounds!" The wood trembled
+at the tumult of the hosts of men intent on the chase shouting to
+each other and concealed in the hollows of the trees.
+
+'Then that wood was soon shaken on all sides by the roar of lions
+struck by the Cabaras' arrows, deepened by its echo rebounding from
+the hollows of the mountains, and strong as the sound of a drum newly
+oiled; by the roar from the throats of the elephants that led the herd,
+like the growl of thunder, and mixed with the ceaseless lashing of
+their trunks, as they came on alone, separated from the frightened
+herd; by the piteous cry of the deer, with their tremulous, terrified
+eyes, when the hounds suddenly tore their limbs; by the yell of
+she-elephants lengthening in grief for the death of their lord and
+leader, as they wandered every way with ears raised, ever pausing
+to listen to the din, bereft of their slain leaders and followed by
+their young; (59) by the bellowing of she-rhinoceroses seeking with
+outstretched necks their young, only born a few days before, and now
+lost in the panic; by the outcry of birds flying from the tree-tops,
+and wandering in confusion; by the tramp of herds of deer with all
+the haste of limbs made for speed, seeming to make the earth quake
+as it was struck simultaneously by their hurrying feet; by the twang
+of bows drawn to the ear, mingled, as they rained their arrows, with
+the cry from the throats of the loving she-ospreys; by the clash of
+swords with their blades whizzing against the wind and falling on the
+strong shoulders of buffaloes; and by the baying of the hounds which,
+as it was suddenly sent forth, penetrated all the recesses of the wood.
+
+'When soon afterwards the noise of the chase was stilled and the
+wood had become quiet, like the ocean when its water was stilled by
+the ceasing of the churning, or like a mass of clouds silent after
+the rainy season, I felt less of fear and became curious, and so,
+moving a little from my father's embrace, (60) I stood in the hollow,
+stretched out my neck, and with eyes that, from my childishness, were
+yet tremulous with fear, in my eagerness to see what this thing was,
+I cast my glance in that direction.
+
+'Before me I saw the Cabara [104] army come out from the wood like
+the stream of Narmada tossed by Arjuna's [105] thousand arms; like a
+wood of tamalas stirred by the wind; like all the nights of the dark
+fortnight rolled into one; like a solid pillar of antimony shaken by
+an earthquake; like a grove of darkness disturbed by sunbeams; like
+the followers of death roaming; like the demon world that had burst
+open hell and risen up; like a crowd of evil deeds come together;
+like a caravan of curses of the many hermits dwelling in the Dandaka
+Forest; like all the hosts of Dushana [106] and Khara struck by
+Rama as he rained his ceaseless shafts, and they turned into demons
+for their hatred to him; like the whole confraternity of the Iron
+Age come together; like a band of buffaloes prepared for a plunge
+into the water; like a mass of black clouds broken by a blow from a
+lion's paw as he stands on the mountain peak; [107] like a throng of
+meteors risen for the destruction of all form; it darkened the wood;
+it numbered many thousands; it inspired great dread; it was like a
+multitude of demons portending disasters.
+
+(61) 'And in the midst of that great host of Cabaras I beheld the
+Cabara leader, Matanga by name. He was yet in early youth; from his
+great hardness he seemed made of iron; he was like Ekalavya [108]
+in another birth; from his growing beard, he was like a young royal
+elephant with its temples encircled by its first line of ichor;
+he filled the wood with beauty that streamed from him sombre as
+dark lotuses, like the waters of Yamuna; he had thick locks curled
+at the ends and hanging on his shoulders, like a lion with its
+mane stained by elephant's ichor; his brow was broad; his nose was
+stern and aquiline; his left side shone reddened by the faint pink
+rays of a jewelled snake's hood that was made the ornament for one
+of his ears, like the glow of shoots that had clung to him from
+his resting on a leafy couch; he was perfumed with fragrant ichor,
+bearing the scent of saptacchada blossoms torn from the cheeks of an
+elephant freshly slain, like a stain of black aloes; (62) he had the
+heat warded off by a swarm of bees, like a peacock-feather parasol,
+flying about blinded by the scent, as if they were a branch of tamala;
+he was marked with lines of perspiration on his cheek rubbed by his
+hand, as if Vindhya Forest, being conquered by his strong arm, were
+timidly offering homage under the guise of its slender waving twigs,
+and he seemed to tinge space by his eye somewhat pink, as if it were
+bloodshot, and shedding a twilight of the night of doom for the deer;
+he had mighty arms reaching to his knees, as if the measure of an
+elephant's trunk had been taken in making them, and his shoulders were
+rough with scars from keen weapons often used to make an offering of
+blood to Kali; the space round his eyes was bright and broad as the
+Vindhya Mountain, and with the drops of dried deer's blood clinging
+on it, and the marking of drops of perspiration, as if they were
+adorned by large pearls from an elephant's frontal bone mixed with
+gunja fruit; his chest was scarred by constant and ceaseless fatigue;
+he was clad in a silk dress red with cochineal, and with his strong
+legs he mocked a pair of elephants' posts stained with elephants'
+ichor; he seemed from his causeless fierceness to have been marked
+on his dread brow by a frown that formed three banners, as if Durga,
+propitiated by his great devotion, had marked him with a trident to
+denote that he was her servant. (63) He was accompanied by hounds
+of every colour, which were his familiar friends; they showed their
+weariness by tongues that, dry as they were, seemed by their natural
+pinkness to drip deer's blood, and which hung down far from tiredness;
+as their mouths were open they raised the corners of their lips and
+showed their flashing teeth clearly, like a lion's mane caught between
+the teeth; their throats were covered with strings of cowries, and they
+were hacked by blows from the large boars' tusks; though but small,
+from their great strength they were like lions' cubs with their manes
+ungrown; they were skilled in initiating the does in widowhood; with
+them came their wives, very large, like lionesses coming to beg an
+amnesty for the lions. He was surrounded by troops of Cabaras of all
+kinds: some had seized elephants' tusks and the long hair of yaks;
+some had vessels for honey made of leaves closely bound; some, like
+lions, had hands filled with many a pearl from the frontal bones of
+elephants; some, like demons, had pieces of raw flesh; some, like
+goblins, were carrying the skins of lions; some, like Jain ascetics,
+held peacocks' tails; some, like children, wore crows' feathers; [109]
+some represented Krishna's [110] exploits by bearing the elephants'
+tusks they had torn out; (64) some, like the days of the rainy season,
+had garments dark as clouds. [111] He had his sword-sheath, as a
+wood its rhinoceroses; [112] like a fresh cloud, he held a bow [113]
+bright as peacocks' tails; like the demon Vaka, [114] he possessed a
+peerless army; like Garuda, he had torn out the teeth of many large
+nagas; [115] he was hostile to peacocks, as Bhishma to Cikhandi; [116]
+like a summer day, he always showed a thirst for deer; [117] like a
+heavenly genius, he was impetuous in pride; [118] as Vyasa followed
+Yojanagandha, [119] so did he follow the musk deer; like Ghatotkaca,
+he was dreadful in form; [120] as the locks of Uma were decked with
+Civa's moon, so was he adorned with the eyes in the peacocks' tails;
+[121] as the demon Hiranyakacipu [122] by Mahavaraha, so he had his
+breast torn by the teeth of a great boar; (65) like an ambitious
+man, [123] he had a train of captives around him; like a demon,
+he loved [124] the hunters; like the gamut of song, he was closed
+in by Nishadas; [125] like the trident of Durga, he was wet with the
+blood of buffaloes; though quite young, he had seen many lives pass;
+[126] though he had many hounds, [127] he lived on roots and fruits;
+though of Krishna's hue, [128] he was not good to look on; though
+he wandered at will, his mountain fort [129] was his only refuge;
+though he always lived at the foot of a lord of earth, [130] he was
+unskilled in the service of a king.
+
+'He was as the child of the Vindhya Mountains, the partial avatar of
+death; the born brother of wickedness, the essence of the Iron Age;
+horrible as he was, he yet inspired awe by reason of his natural
+greatness, [131] and his form could not be surpassed. [132] His name I
+afterwards learnt. In my mind was this thought: "Ah, the life of these
+men is full of folly, and their career is blamed by the good. (66)
+For their one religion is offering human flesh to Durga; their meat,
+mead, and so forth, is a meal loathed by the good; their exercise is
+the chase; their castra [133] is the cry of the jackal; their teachers
+of good and evil are owls; [134] their knowledge is skill in birds;
+[135] their bosom friends are dogs; their kingdom is in deserted
+woods; their feast is a drinking bout; their friends are the bows
+that work their cruel deeds, and arrows, with their heads smeared,
+like snakes, with poison, are their helpers; their song is what draws
+on bewildered deer; their wives are the wives of others taken captive;
+their dwelling is with savage tigers; their worship of the gods is with
+the blood of beasts, their sacrifice with flesh, their livelihood by
+theft; the snakes' hood is their ornament; their cosmetic, elephants'
+ichor; and the very wood wherein they may dwell is utterly destroyed
+root and branch."
+
+'As I was thus thinking, the Cabara leader, desiring to rest after
+his wandering through the forest, approached, and, laying his bow
+in the shade beneath that very cotton-tree, sat down on a seat of
+twigs gathered hastily by his suite. (67) Another youthful Cabara,
+coming down hastily, brought to him from the lake, when he had stirred
+its waters with his hand, some water aromatic with lotus-pollen, and
+freshly-plucked bright lotus-fibres with their mud washed off; the
+water was like liquid lapis lazuli, or showed as if it were painted
+with a piece of sky fallen from the heat of the sun's rays in the day
+of doom, or had dropped from the moon's orb, or were a mass of melted
+pearl, or as if in its great purity it was frozen into ice, and could
+only be distinguished from it by touch. After drinking it, the Cabara
+in turn devoured the lotus-fibres, as Rahu does the moon's digits;
+when he was rested he rose, and, followed by all his host, who had
+satisfied their thirst, he went slowly to his desired goal. But one
+old Cabara from that barbarous troop had got no deer's flesh, and,
+with a demoniac [136] expression coming into his face in his desire
+for meat, he lingered a short time by that tree. (68) As soon as the
+Cabara leader had vanished, that old Cabara, with eyes pink as drops
+of blood and terrible with their overhanging tawny brows, drank in, as
+it were, our lives; he seemed to reckon up the number in the parrots'
+nests like a falcon eager to taste bird's flesh, and looked up the
+tree from its foot, wishing to climb it. The parrots seemed to have
+drawn their last breath at that very moment in their terror at the
+sight of him. For what is hard for the pitiless? So he climbed the
+tree easily and without effort, as if by ladders, though it was as
+high as many palms, and the tops of its boughs swept the clouds,
+and plucked the young parrots from among its boughs one by one,
+as if they were its fruit, for some were not yet strong for flight;
+some were only a few days old, and were pink with the down of their
+birth, so that they might almost be taken for cotton-flowers; [137]
+some, with their wings just sprouting, were like fresh lotus-leaves;
+some were like the Asclepias fruit; some, with their beaks growing
+red, had the grace of lotus-buds with their heads rising pink from
+slowly unfolding leaves; while some, under the guise of the ceaseless
+motion of their heads, seemed to try to forbid him, though they could
+not stop him, for he slew them and cast them on the ground.
+
+(69) 'But my father, seeing on a sudden this great, destructive,
+remediless, overwhelming calamity that had come on us, trembled doubly,
+and, with pupils quivering and wandering from fear of death, cast
+all round a glance that grief had made vacant and tears had dimmed;
+his palate was dry, and he could not help himself, but he covered me
+with his wing, though its joints were relaxed by fear, and bethought
+himself of what help could avail at such a moment. Swayed wholly by
+love, bewildered how to save me, and puzzled what to do, he stood,
+holding me to his breast. That miscreant, however, wandering among
+the boughs, came to the entrance of the hollow, and stretched out
+his left arm, dreadful as the body of an old black snake, with its
+hand redolent of the raw fat of many boars, and its forearm marked
+with weals from ceaseless drawing of the bowstrings, like the wand of
+death; and though my father gave many a blow with his beak, and moaned
+piteously, that murderous wretch dragged him down and slew him. (70)
+Me, however, he somehow did not notice, though I was within the wings,
+from my being small and curled into a ball from fear, and from my
+not having lived my fated life, but he wrung my father's neck and
+threw him dead upon the ground. Meanwhile I, with my neck between my
+father's feet, clinging quietly to his breast, fell with him, and,
+from my having some fated life yet to live, I found that I had fallen
+on a large mass of dry leaves, heaped together by the wind, so that
+my limbs were not broken. While the Cabara was getting down from the
+tree-top, I left my father, like a heartless wretch, though I should
+have died with him; but, from my extreme youth, I knew not the love
+that belongs to a later age, and was wholly swayed by the fear that
+dwells in us from birth; I could hardly be seen from the likeness of
+my colour to the fallen leaves; I tottered along with the help of my
+wings, which were just beginning to grow, thinking that I had escaped
+from the jaws of death, and came to the foot of a very large tamala
+tree close by. Its shoots were fitted to be the earrings of Cabara
+women, as if it mocked the beauty of Vishnu's body by the colour of
+Balarama's dark-blue robe, (71) or as if it were clad in pure strips
+of the water of Yamuna; its twigs were watered by the ichor of wild
+elephants; it bore the beauty of the tresses of the Vindhya Forest;
+the space between its boughs was dark even by day; [138] the ground
+round its root was hollow, and unpierced by the sun's rays; and I
+entered it as if it were the bosom of my noble father. Then the Cabara
+came down and gathered up the tiny parrots scattered on the ground;
+he bound them hastily in a basket of leaves with a coil of creepers,
+and going off with hasty steps by the path trodden by his leader,
+he made for that region. I meanwhile had begun to hope for life,
+but my heart was dried up with grief for my father's recent death; my
+body was in pain from my long fall, and I was possessed by a violent
+thirst, caused by fright, which tortured all my limbs. Then I thought,
+"The villain has now gone some way," so I lifted my head a little and
+gazed around with eyes tremulous with fear, thinking even when a blade
+of grass moved that the wretch was coming back. I watched him go step
+by step, and then, leaving the root of the tamala tree, I made a great
+effort to creep near the water. (72) My steps were feeble, because
+my wings were not yet grown, and again and again I fell on my face;
+I supported myself on one wing; I was weak with the weariness [139]
+of creeping along the ground, and from my want of practice; after
+each step I always lifted my head and panted hard, and as I crept
+along I became gray with dust. "Truly even in the hardest trials,"
+I reflected, "living creatures never become careless of life. Nothing
+in this world is dearer to all created beings than life, seeing that
+when my honoured father, of well-chosen name, is dead, I still live
+with senses unimpaired! Shame on me that I should be so pitiless,
+cruel, and ungrateful! For my life goes on shamefully in that the
+grief of my father's death is so easily borne. I regard no kindness;
+truly my heart is vile! I have even forgotten how, when my mother died,
+my father restrained his bitter grief, and from the day of my birth,
+old as he was, reckoned lightly in his deep love the great toil of
+bringing me up with every care. And yet in a moment I have forgotten
+how I was watched over by him! (73) Most vile is this breath of mine
+which goes not straightway forth to follow my father on his path,
+my father, that was so good to me! Surely there is none that thirst
+of life does not harden, if the longing for water can make me take
+trouble in my present plight. Methinks this idea of drinking water
+is purely hardness of heart, because I think lightly of the grief
+of my father's death. Even now the lake is still far off. For the
+cry of the kalahamsas, like the anklets of a water-nymph, is still
+far away; the cranes' notes are yet dim; the scent of the lotus-bed
+comes rarely through the space it creeps through, because the distance
+is great; noontide is hard to bear, for the sun is in the midst of
+heaven, and scatters with his rays a blazing heat, unceasing, like
+fiery dust, and makes my thirst worse; the earth with its hot thick
+dust is hard to tread; my limbs are unable to go even a little way,
+for they are weary with excessive thirst; I am not master of myself;
+(74) my heart sinks; my eyes are darkened. O that pitiless fate would
+now bring that death which yet I desire not!" Thus I thought; but
+a great ascetic named Jabali dwelt in a hermitage not far from the
+lake, and his son Harita, a youthful hermit, was coming down to the
+lotus-lake to bathe. He, like the son of Brahma, had a mind purified
+with all knowledge; he was coming by the very path where I was with
+many holy youths of his own age; like a second sun, his form was hard
+to see from its great brightness; he seemed to have dropped [140]
+from the rising sun, and to have limbs fashioned from lightning and
+a shape painted with molten gold; he showed the beauty of a wood on
+fire, or of day with its early sunlight, by reason of the clear tawny
+splendour of his form flashing out; he had thick matted locks hanging
+on his shoulders red as heated iron, and pure with sprinkling from
+many a sacred pool; his top-knot was bound as if he were Agni in the
+false guise of a young Brahman in his desire to burn the Khandava Wood;
+[141] he carried a bright crystal rosary hanging from his right ear,
+like the anklets of the goddesses of the hermitage, and resembling the
+circle of Dharma's commandments, made to turn aside all earthly joys;
+(75) he adorned his brow with a tripundraka [142] mark in ashes, as if
+with threefold truth; [143] he laid his left hand on a crystal pitcher
+with its neck held ever upwards as if to look at the path to heaven,
+like a crane gazing upwards to the sky; he was covered by a black
+antelope skin hanging from his shoulders, like thick smoke that was
+coming out again after being swallowed [144] in thirst for penance,
+with pale-blue [145] lustre; he wore on his left shoulder a sacrificial
+thread, which seemed from its lightness to be fashioned from very young
+lotus-fibres, and wavered in the wind as if counting the framework of
+his fleshless ribs; he held in his right hand an ashadha [146] staff,
+having on its top a leafy basket full of creeper-blossoms gathered
+for the worship of Civa; he was followed by a deer from the hermitage,
+still bearing the clay of the bathing-place dug up by its horns, quite
+at home with the hermits, fed on mouthfuls of rice, and letting its
+eyes wander on all sides to the kuca grass flowers and creepers. Like
+a tree, he was covered with soft bark; [147] like a mountain, he was
+surrounded by a girdle; [148] like Rahu, he had often tasted Soma;
+[149] like a day lotus-bed, he drank the sun's rays; (76) like a
+tree by the river's side, his tangled locks were pure with ceaseless
+washing; like a young elephant, his teeth were white as [150] pieces
+of moon-lotus petals; like Drauni, he had Kripa [151] ever with him;
+like the zodiac, he was adorned by having the hide [152] of the
+dappled deer; like a summer day, he was free from darkness; [153]
+like the rainy season, he had allayed the blinding dust of passion;
+[154] like Varuna, he dwelt on the waters; [155] like Krishna, he had
+banished the fear of hell; [156] like the beginning of twilight,
+he had eyes tawny as the glow of dawn; [157] like early morn,
+he was gilded with fresh sunlight; like the chariot of the sun,
+he was controlled in his course; [158] like a good king, he brought
+to nought the secret guiles of the foe; [159] (77) like the ocean,
+his temples were cavernous with meditation; [160] like Bhagiratha,
+he had often beheld the descent of Ganges; [161] like a bee, he had
+often tasted life in a water-engirt wood; [162] though a woodsman,
+he yet entered a great home; [163] though unrestrained, he longed
+for release; [164] though intent on works of peace, he bore the
+rod; [165] though asleep, he was yet awake; [166] though with two
+well-placed eyes, he had his sinister eye abolished. [167] Such was
+he who approached the lotus-lake to bathe.
+
+'Now the mind of the good is ever wont to be compassionate and kind
+instinctively. Wherefore he, seeing my plight, was filled with pity,
+and said to another young ascetic standing near: (78) "This little
+half-fledged parrot has somehow fallen from the top of that tree,
+or perhaps from a hawk's mouth. For, owing to his long fall, he has
+hardly any life left; his eyes are closed, and he ever falls on his
+face and pants violently, and opens his beak, nor can he hold up his
+neck. Come, then, take him before his breath deserts him. Carry him
+to the water." So saying, he had me taken to the edge of the lake;
+and, coming there, he laid down his staff and pitcher near the water,
+and, taking me himself, just when I had given up all effort, he lifted
+up my head, and with his finger made me drink a few drops of water;
+and when I had been sprinkled with water and had gained fresh breath,
+he placed me in the cool wet shade of a fresh lotus-leaf growing on
+the bank, and went through the wonted rites of bathing. After that,
+he purified himself by often holding his breath, and murmuring the
+cleansing aghamarshana [168], and then he arose and, with upraised
+face, made an offering to the sun with freshly-plucked red lotuses
+in a cup of lotus-leaves. Having taken a pure white robe, so that
+he was like the glow of evening sunlight accompanied by the moon's
+radiance, he rubbed his hair with his hands till it shone, and, (79)
+followed by the band of ascetic youths, with their hair yet wet from
+recent bathing, he took me and went slowly towards the penance grove.
+
+'And after going but a short way, I beheld the penance grove, hidden
+in thick woods rich in flowers and fruit.
+
+(80) 'Its precincts were filled by munis entering on all sides,
+followed by pupils murmuring the Vedas, and bearing fuel, kuca grass,
+flowers, and earth. There the sound of the filling of the pitchers
+was eagerly heard by the peacocks; there appeared, as it were,
+a bridge to heaven under the guise of smoke waving to exalt to the
+gods the muni race while yet in the body by fires satisfied with the
+ceaseless offering of ghee; all round were tanks with their waves
+traversed by lines of sunbeams stainless as though from contact with
+the hermits they rested upon, plunged into by the circle of the Seven
+Rishis who had come to see their penance, and lifting by night an open
+moon-lotus-bed, like a cluster of constellations descending to honour
+the rishis; the hermitage received homage from woodland creepers with
+their tops bent by the wind, and from trees with their ever-falling
+blossoms, and was worshipped by trees with the anjali of interlaced
+boughs; parched grain was scattered in the yards round the huts,
+and the fruit of the myrobalan, lavali, jujube, banana, bread-tree,
+mango, panasa, [169] and palm pressed on each other; (81) the young
+Brahmans were eloquent in reciting the Vedas; the parrot-race was
+garrulous with the prayer of oblation that they learnt by hearing it
+incessantly; the subrahmanya [170] was recited by many a maina; the
+balls of rice offered to the deities were devoured by the cocks of the
+forest, and the offering of wild rice was eaten by the young kalahamsas
+of the tanks close by. The eating-places of the sages were protected
+from pollution by ashes cast round them. (82) The fire for the munis'
+homa sacrifice was fanned by the tails of their friends the peacocks;
+the sweet scent of the oblation prepared with nectar, the fragrance of
+the half-cooked sacrificial cake was spread around; the crackling of
+flames in the offering of a stream of unbroken libations made the place
+resonant; a host of guests was waited upon; the Pitris were honoured;
+Vishnu, Civa, and Brahma were worshipped. The performance of craddha
+rites was taught; the science of sacrifice explained; the castras
+of right conduct examined; good books of every kind recited; and the
+meaning of the castras pondered. Leafy huts were being begun; courts
+smeared with paste, and the inside of the huts scrubbed. Meditation
+was being firmly grasped, mantras duly carried out, yoga practised,
+and offerings made to woodland deities. Brahmanical girdles of
+munja grass were being made, bark garments washed, fuel brought,
+deer-skins decked, grass gathered, lotus-seed dried, rosaries strung,
+and bamboos laid in order for future need. [171] Wandering ascetics
+received hospitality, and pitchers were filled.
+
+(84) 'There defilement is found in the smoke of the oblations, not in
+evil conduct; redness of face in parrots, not in angry men; sharpness
+in blades of grass, not in dispositions; wavering in plantain-leaves,
+not in minds; red eyes [172] in cuckoos alone; clasping of necks
+with pitchers only; binding of girdles in vows, not in quarrels;
+pakshapata [173] in cocks, not in scientific discussions; wandering
+in making the sunwise turn round the soma fire, but not error in the
+castras; mention of the Vasus in legends, but not longing for wealth;
+counting of beads for Rudra, but no account made of the body; loss of
+locks by the saints in the practice of sacrifice, but not loss of their
+children [174] by death; propitiation of Rama by reciting the Ramayana,
+not of women [175] by youth; wrinkles brought on by old age, not by
+pride of riches; the death of a Cakuni [176] in the Mahabharata only;
+only in the Purana windy talk; [177] in old age only loss of teeth;
+[178] coldness only in the park sandal-trees; [179] (85) in fires only
+turning to ashes; [180] only deer love to hear song; only peacocks care
+for dancing; only snakes wear hoods; [181] only monkeys desire fruit;
+[182] only roots have a downward tendency.
+
+(85-89, condensed) 'There, beneath the shade of a red acoka-tree,
+beauteous with new oblations of flowers, purified with ointment of
+fresh gomaya, garlanded with kuca grass and strips of bark tied on
+by the hermitage maidens, I saw the holy Jabali surrounded by most
+ascetic sages, like time by aeons, the last day by suns, the sacrifice
+by bearers of the three fires, [183] the golden mountain by the noble
+hills, or the earth by the oceans.
+
+(89) 'And as I looked on him I thought: "Ah! how great is the power of
+penance! His form, calm as it is, yet pure as molten gold, overpowers,
+like lightning, the brightness of the eye with its brilliance. Though
+ever tranquil, it inspires fear at first approach by its inherent
+majesty. The splendour of even those ascetics who have practised but
+little asceticism is wont to be easily provoked, like fire swiftly
+falling on dry reeds, kaca grass, or flowers. (90) How much more, then,
+that of holy men like these, whose feet are honoured by the whole
+world, whose stains are worn away by penance, who look with divine
+insight on the whole earth as if it were a myrobalan [184] in the hand,
+and who purge away all sin. For even the mention of a great sage has
+its reward; much more, then, the sight of him! Happy is the hermitage
+where dwells this king of Brahmans! Nay, rather, happy is the whole
+world in being trodden by him who is the very Brahma of earth! Truly
+these sages enjoy the reward of their good deeds in that they attend
+him day and night with no other duty, hearing holy stories and ever
+fixing on him their steady gaze, as if he were another Brahma. Happy
+is Sarasvati, who, encircled by his shining teeth, and ever enjoying
+the nearness of his lotus-mouth, dwells in his serene mind, with
+its unfathomable depths and its full stream of tenderness, like a
+hamsa on the Manasa lake. The four Vedas, that have long dwelt in the
+four lotus-mouths of Brahma, find here their best and most fitting
+home. (91) All the sciences, which became turbid in the rainy season
+of the Iron Age, become pure when they reach him, as rivers coming
+to autumn. Of a surety, holy Dharma, having taken up his abode here
+after quelling the riot of the Iron Age, no longer cares to recall
+the Golden Age. Heaven, seeing earth trodden by him, no longer takes
+pride in being dwelt in by the Seven Rishis. How bold is old age,
+which fears not to fall on his thick matted locks, moonbeam-pale as
+they are, and hard to gaze on as the rays of the sun of doom. [185]
+For it falls on him as Ganges, white with flecks of foam, on Civa,
+or as an offering of milk on Agni. Even the sun's rays keep far from
+the penance-grove, as if terrified by the greatness of the saint whose
+hermitage is darkened by the thick smoke of many an oblation. These
+fires, too, for love of him, receive oblations purified by hymns, for
+their flames are pressed together by the wind, like hands reverently
+raised. (92) The wind itself approaches him timidly, just stirring the
+linen and bark dresses, fragrant with the sweet creeper blossoms of the
+hermitage, and gentle in motion. Yet the glorious might of the elements
+is wont to be beyond our resistance! But this man towers above [186]
+the mightiest! The earth shines as if with two suns, being trodden by
+this noble man. In his support the world stands firm. He is the stream
+of sympathy, the bridge over the ocean of transient existence, and the
+home of the waters of patience; the axe for the glades of the creepers
+of desire, the ocean of the nectar of content, the guide in the path
+of perfection, the mountain behind which sets the planet of ill, [187]
+the root of the tree of endurance, the nave of the wheel of wisdom,
+the staff of the banner of righteousness, the holy place for the
+descent of all knowledge, the submarine fire of the ocean of craving,
+the touch-stone of the jewels of the castras, the consuming flame of
+the buds of passion, the charm against the snake of wrath, the sun
+to dispel the darkness of delusion, the binder of the bolts of hell's
+gates, the native home of noble deeds, the temple of propitious rites,
+the forbidden ground for the degradation of passion, the sign-post
+to the paths of good, the birthplace of holiness, the felly of the
+wheel of effort, the abode of strength, the foe of the Iron Age, the
+treasury of penance, the friend of truth, the native soil of sincerity,
+the source of the heaping up of merit, the closed gate for envy, the
+foe of calamity. (93) Truly he is one in whom disrespect can find no
+place; for he is averse from pride, unclaimed by meanness, unenslaved
+by wrath, and unattracted by pleasure. Purely by the grace of this
+holy man the hermitage is free from envy and calm from enmity. Great
+is the power of a noble soul. Here, ceasing their constant feud, the
+very animals are quiet, and learn the joy of a hermitage life. For
+here a snake, wearied by the sun, fearlessly enters, as if into
+fresh grass, into the peacock's tail, like an interwoven grove
+of open lotuses, with its hundred beauteous eyes, changing in hue
+as the eyes of a deer. Here a young antelope, leaving his mother,
+makes friends with the lion-cubs whose manes are not yet grown, and
+drinks at the bounteous breast of the lioness. Here a lion closes his
+eyes, and is pleased to have his moon-white mane pulled by the young
+elephants that mistake it for lotus-fibres. Here the monkey-tribe loses
+its capriciousness and brings fruit to the young munis after their
+bath. There the elephants, too, though excited, are tender-hearted,
+and do not drive away by their flapping the bees that dwell round their
+frontal bones, and stay motionless to drink their ichor. (94) But what
+need of more? There even the senseless trees, with roots and fruits,
+clad in bark, and adorned with outer garments of black antelope skin
+perpetually made for them by the upward creeping lines of sacrificial
+smoke, seem like fellow ascetics of this holy man. How much more,
+then, living beings, endowed with sense!"
+
+'And while I was thus thinking, Harita placed me somewhere in the shade
+of the acoka tree, and embracing his father's feet and saluting him,
+sat down not far from him on a seat of kuca grass.
+
+'But the hermits, looking on me, asked him as he rested: "Whence was
+this little parrot brought?" "When I went hence to bathe," replied he,
+"I found this little parrot fallen from its nest in a tree on the
+bank of the lotus-lake, faint with the heat, lying in hot dust, and
+shaken by the fall, with little life left in him. And as I could not
+replace him in his nest (for that tree was too hard for an ascetic
+to climb), I brought him hither in pity. So, while his wings are not
+grown, and he cannot fly into the sky, let him live in the hollow of
+some hermitage tree, (95) fed on the juice of fruits and on handfuls
+of rice brought to him by us and by the young hermits. For it is the
+law of our order to protect the weak. But when his wings are grown,
+and he can fly into the sky, he shall go where he likes. Or perhaps,
+when he knows us well, he will stay here." The holy Jabali, hearing
+this and other remarks about me, with some curiosity bent his head
+slightly, and, with a very calm glance that seemed to purify me with
+holy waters, he gazed long upon me, and then, looking again and again
+as if he were beginning to recognise me, said: "He is reaping the fruit
+of his own ill-conduct." For by the potency of penance the saint with
+divine insight beholds the past, present, and future, and sees the
+whole world as though placed on the palm of his hand. He knows past
+births. He tells things yet to come. He declares the length of days
+of beings within his sight.
+
+'At these words the whole assemblage of hermits, aware of his power,
+became curious to know what was my crime, and why committed, and where,
+and who I was in a former birth; and implored the saint, saying: (96)
+"Vouchsafe, sir, to tell us of what kind of misconduct he is reaping
+the fruits. Who was he in a former birth, and how was he born in
+the form of a bird? How is he named? Do thou satisfy our curiosity,
+for thou art the fountain-head of all marvels."
+
+'Thus urged by the assemblage, the great saint replied: "The story of
+this wonder is very long, the day is almost spent, our bathing-time
+is near, while the hour for worshipping the gods is passing. Arise,
+therefore; let each perform his duties as is meet. In the afternoon,
+after your meal of roots and fruits, when you are resting quietly,
+I will tell you the whole story from beginning to end--who he is, what
+he did in another birth, and how he was born in this world. Meanwhile,
+let him be refreshed with food. He will certainly recall, as it
+were, the vision of a dream when I tell the whole story of his former
+birth." So saying, he arose, and with the hermits bathed and performed
+their other daily duties.
+
+(97) 'The day was now drawing to a close. When the hermits rose
+from their bathing, and were offering a sacrifice, the sun in the
+sky seemed to bear upwards before our eyes the offering cast on the
+ground, with its unguent of red sandal-wood. Then his glow faded and
+vanished; the effluence of his glory was drunk by the Ushmapas [188]
+with faces raised and eyes fixed on his orb, as if they were ascetics;
+and he glided from the sky pink as a dove's foot, drawing in his rays
+as though to avoid touching the Seven Rishis as they rose. His orb,
+with its network of crimson rays reflected on the Western Ocean,
+was like the lotus of Vishnu on his couch of waters pouring forth
+nectar; his beams, forsaking the sky and deserting the lotus-groves,
+lingered at eve like birds on the crest of hill and tree; the splashes
+of crimson light seemed for a moment to deck the trees with the red
+bark garments hung up by the ascetics. And when the thousand-rayed sun
+had gone to rest, twilight sprang up like rosy coral from the Western
+Ocean. (98) Then the hermitage became the home of quiet thought, as
+the pleasant sound of milking the sacred cows arose in one quarter,
+and the fresh kuca grass was scattered on the altar of Agni, and the
+rice and oblations to the goddesses of space were tossed hither and
+thither by the hermitage maidens. And red-starred eve seemed to the
+hermits as the red-eyed cow of the hermitage roaming about, tawny
+in the fall of day. And when the sun had vanished, the lotus-bed,
+in the grief of bereavement, seemed to perform a vow in the hopes of
+rejoining the lord of day, for she lifted the goblets of her buds,
+and wore the fine white vesture of her hamsas, and was girt with the
+sacrificial thread of white filaments, and bore a circle of bees as
+her rosary. And the starry host leapt up and filled the sky, like a
+splash of spray when the sun fell into the Western Ocean; and for a
+brief space the star-bespangled sky shone as though inlaid with flowers
+offered by the daughters of the Siddhas [189] in honour of twilight;
+but in a moment the whole glory of the gloaming vanished as though
+washed away by the libations which the hermits, with faces upraised,
+cast towards the sky; (99) and at its departure, night, as sorrowing
+for its loss, wore a deeper darkness, like a black antelope's skin--a
+blackness which darkened all save the hearts of the hermits.
+
+'Learning that the sun had gone to rest, the lord of rays ambrosial, in
+pure severity of light, arrayed in the whiteness of clear gossamer,
+dwelling in the palace of his wives with Tara, [190] mounted the
+sky which, in that it was outlined with the darkness of tamala-trees,
+presided over by the circle of Seven Rishis, purified by the wanderings
+of Arundhati, [191] surrounded by Ashadha, [192] showing its Mula
+[193] with its soft-eyed white deer, [194] was a very hermitage of
+heaven. White as a hamsa, moonlight fell on the earth, filling the
+seas; falling, as Ganges from the head of Civa, from the sky which
+was decked with the moon, and inlaid with the shattered potsherds
+of the stars. (100) And in the moon-lake, white as an opening lotus,
+was seen the motionless deer, which went down in eagerness to drink
+the water of the moonbeams, and was caught, as it were, in the mud
+of ambrosia. The lakes of the night-lotus were fondly visited by
+the moonbeams, like hamsas, falling on the ocean white as sinduvara
+flowers in their fresh purity after the rains. At that moment the
+globe of the moon lost all the glow of its rising, like the frontal
+bone of the elephant Airavata when its red lead is washed away by
+plunging into the heavenly stream; and his highness the cold-shedder
+had gradually risen high in the sky, and by his light had whitened
+the earth as with lime-dust; the breezes of early night were blowing,
+slackened in their course by the cold dew, aromatic with the scent
+of opening moon-lotuses, (101) and gladly welcomed by the deer, who,
+with eyes weighed down by the approach of sleep, and eyelashes clinging
+together, were beginning to ruminate and rest in quiet.
+
+'Only half a watch of the night was spent, when Harita took me after
+my meal and went with the other holy hermits to his father, who,
+in a moonlit spot of the hermitage, was sitting on a bamboo stool,
+gently fanned by a pupil named Jalapada, who held a fan of antelope
+skin white as dharba grass, and he spake, saying: "Father, the whole
+assemblage of hermits is in a circle round thee, with hearts eager
+to hear this wonder; the little bird, too, has rested. Tell us,
+therefore, what he has done, who was he, and who will he be in
+another birth?" Thus addressed, the great saint, looking at me,
+and seeing the hermits before him intently listening, slowly spake:
+"Let the tale be told, if ye care to hear it.
+
+'"(102) There is a city named Ujjayini, the proudest gem of earth,
+the very home of the golden age, created by Mahakala, [195] creator,
+preserver, and destroyer of the three worlds, and lord of Pramathas,
+as a habitation meet for himself, as it were a second earth. There
+the sun is daily seen paying homage to Mahakala, for his steeds vail
+their heads at the charm of the sweet chant of the women singing in
+concert in the lofty white palace, and his pennon droops before him.
+
+(109) '"There darkness never falls, and the nights bring no separation
+to the pairs of cakravakas; nor need they any lamps, for they pass
+golden as with morning sunshine, from the bright jewels of women,
+as though the world were on fire with the flame of love. (110) There
+the only unending life is in jewelled lamps, the only wavering in
+pearl necklaces, the only variations in the sound of drum and song,
+the only disunion of pairs in cakravakas, the only testing of colour
+[196] in gold pieces, the only unsteadiness in banners, the only
+hatred of the sun [197] in night-lotuses, the only concealment of
+metal in the sheathing of the sword. (111) Why should I say more? For
+he whose bright feet are kissed by the rays of the jewelled crests
+of gods and demons, who hath the river of heaven wandering lost in
+his locks tawny with a wreath of flame for the burning of the world;
+he the foe of Andhaka; he the holy one; he who hath given up his
+love for his home on Kailasa; even he whose name is Mahakala hath
+there made a habitation for himself. And in this city was a king
+named Tarapida. He was like unto the great kings Nala, Nahusha,
+Yayati, Dundhumara, Bharata, Bhagiratha, and Dacaratha; by the might
+of his arm he conquered the whole world; he reaped the fruits of the
+three powers; [198] wise and resolute, with an intellect unwearied in
+political science, and a deep study of the law books, he made in light
+and glory a third with the sun and moon. (112) His form was purified
+by many a sacrifice; by him the calamities of the whole world were
+set at rest; to him Lakshmi openly clung, deserting her lotus-woods
+and despising the happiness of her home in the breast of Narayana,
+she the lotus-handed, who ever joys in the contest of heroes. He was
+the source of truth, ever honoured by the race of saints, as the foot
+of Vishnu was of the stream of the heavenly Ganges.
+
+'"From him arose glory, as from the ocean of the moon, for his
+brightness, free from heat, consumed his foes; constant, ever roamed;
+stainless, darkened the brightness of the lotus-faced widows of his
+foes; white, made all things gay. (113) He was the incarnation of
+justice, the very representative of Vishnu and the destroyer of all
+the sorrows of his people.
+
+(115) '"When he approached the throne that blossomed with the rays of
+many gems and was hung with clusters of pearls, like the elephant of
+space approaching the tree of desire, all the wide quarters of space,
+like creepers weighed down by bees, bowed down before his majesty;
+and of him, I think, even Indra was envious. From him, too, proceeded a
+host of virtues, like a flock of hamsas from Mount Kraunca, brightening
+the earth's surface, and gladdening the hearts of all mankind. His
+fame wandered, so that the world echoed with it throughout the ten
+regions, making fair the world of gods and demons, like a streak of
+foam of the stream of milk tossed by Mandara, ambrosial sweet. His
+royal glory never for a moment laid aside the shade of her umbrella,
+as though scorched by the heat of a splendour hard to bear. (116)
+His achievements were heard by the people like news of good fortune,
+were received like the teaching of a guru, were valued like a good
+omen, were murmured like a hymn, and were remembered like a sacred
+text. And while he was king, though the flight of the mountains was
+stayed, the flight of thought was free; suffixes alone were dependent,
+and the people feared no foe; nought dared to face him but his mirror;
+the pressure of Durga [199] was given to Civa's image alone; the bow
+was only borne by the clouds; there was no uprising save of banners, no
+bending save of bows, no shaft sped home save the bee's on the bamboo,
+no enforced wandering save of the images of gods in a procession,
+no imprisonment save of flowers in their calyx, no restraint save of
+the senses; wild elephants entered the pale, but none paled before
+the water-ordeal; the only sharpness was in the edge of the sword;
+the only endurance of the flame [200] was by ascetics; the only passing
+the Balance [201] was by the stars; the only clearing of baneful [202]
+waters was in the rising of Agastya; the only cutting short was of
+hair and nails; the only stained garb was of the sky on stormy days;
+the only laying bare was of gems, and not of secret counsels; the only
+mysteries [203] were those of religion; (117) none ceased to behold
+the light save slaughtered Taraka [204] in the praises of Kumara; none
+dreaded eclipse save the sun; none passed over the First-born [205]
+save the moon; none heard of the Disobedient save in the Mahabharata;
+none grasped the rod [206] save in the decline of life; none clung
+to a sinister object save the sword-sheath; no stream of liberality
+was interrupted save the elephant's ichor; no squares were deserted
+save those on the dice-board.
+
+'"That king had a minister, by name Cukanasa, a Brahman, whose
+intelligence was fixed on all the affairs of the kingdom, whose
+mind had plunged deeply into the arts and castras, and whose strong
+affection for the king had grown up in him from childhood. Skilled in
+the precepts of political science, pilot of the world's government,
+unshaken in resolve by the greatest difficulties, he was the castle of
+constancy, the station of steadfastness, the bridge of bright truth,
+the guide to all goodness, the conductor in conduct, the ordainer
+of all ordered life. Like the serpent Cesha, enduring the weight of
+the world; like the ocean, full of life; like Jarasandha, shaping
+war and peace; [207] (118) like Civa, at home with Durga [208];
+like Yuddhishthira, a dayspring of Dharma, he knew all the Vedas
+and Vedangas, and was the essence of the kingdom's prosperity. He
+was like Brihaspati [209] to Sunasira; like Cukra to Vrishaparvan;
+like Vacishtha to Dacaratha; like Vicvamitra to Rama; like Dhaumya to
+Ajatacatru; like Damanaka to Nala. He, by the force of his knowledge,
+thought that Lakshmi was not hard to win, resting though she were on
+the breast of Narayana, terrible with the scars of the weapons of the
+demons of hell, and a strong shoulder hardened by the pitiless pressure
+of Mount Mandara as it moved to and fro. Near him knowledge spread
+wide, thick with many a tendril, and showed the fruits gained from
+conquered realms like a creeper near a tree. (119) To him throughout
+the earth's surface, measured by the circumference of the four oceans,
+and filled with the goings to and fro of many thousands of spies, every
+whisper of the kings was known as though uttered in his own palace.
+
+'"Now, Tarapida while yet a child had conquered the whole earth ringed
+by the seven Dvipas by the might of his arm, thick as the trunk of
+Indra's elephant, and he devolved the weight of the empire on that
+councillor named Cukanasa, and having made his subjects perfectly
+contented, he searched for anything else that remained to be done.
+
+'"And as he had crushed his enemies and had lost all cause for fear,
+and as the strain of the world's affairs had become a little relaxed,
+for the most part he began to pursue the ordinary pleasures of youth.
+
+(124) '"And some time passed while the king pursued the pleasures of
+youth, and entrusted the affairs of state to his minister; and after
+a time he came to the end of all the other pleasures of life, and the
+only one he did not get was the sight of a son born to him; so that
+his zenana was like reeds showing only flowers without fruit; and as
+youth went by there arose in him a regret produced by childlessness,
+and his mind was turned away from the desire of the pleasures of sense,
+and he felt himself alone, though surrounded by a thousand princes;
+blind, though possessed of sight; without support, though supporting
+the world.
+
+(125) '"But the fairest ornament of this king was his queen Vilasavati;
+as the moon's digit to the braided hair of Civa, as the splendour
+of the Kaustubha gem to the breast of the foe [210] of Kaitabha,
+as the woodland garland to Balarama, as the shore to the ocean, as
+the creeper to the tree, as the outburst of flowers to the spring,
+as the moonlight to the moon, as the lotus-bed to the lake, as the
+array of stars to the sky, as the circling of hamsas to Lake Manasa,
+as the line of sandal-woods to Mount Malaya, as the jewelled crest to
+Cesha, so was she to her lord; she reigned peerless in the zenana,
+and created wonder in the three worlds, as though she were the very
+source of all womanly grace.
+
+'"And it chanced once that, going to her dwelling, he beheld her
+seated on a stately [211] couch, weeping bitterly, surrounded by
+her household mute in grief, their glances fixed in meditation, and
+attended by her chamberlains, who waited afar with eyes motionless
+in anxious thought, while the old women of the zenana were trying
+to console her. Her silken robes were wet with ceaseless tears; her
+ornaments were laid aside; her lotus-face rested on her left hand; and
+her tresses were unbound and in disorder. As she arose to welcome him,
+the king placed her on the couch again, and sitting there himself,
+ignorant of the cause of her weeping, and in great alarm, wiped away
+with his hand the tears from her cheeks, saying: (126) 'My queen,
+what means this weeping, voiceless and low with the weight of the
+heavy sorrow concealed in thy heart? For these eyelashes of thine are
+stringing, as it were, a network of pearls of dropping tears. Why,
+slender one, art thou unadorned? and why has not the stream of lac
+fallen on thy feet like early sunlight on rosy lotus-buds? And why
+are thy jewelled anklets, with their murmur like teals on the lake
+of love, not graced with the touch of thy lotus-feet? And why is
+this waist of thine bereft of the music of the girdle thou hast laid
+aside? And why is there no device painted on thy breast like the deer
+on the moon? and why is that slender neck of thine, fair-limbed queen,
+not adorned with a rope of pearls as the crescent on Civa's brow by
+the heavenly stream? And why dost thou, erst so gay, wear in vain
+a face whose adornment is washed away with flowing tears? And why
+is this hand, with its petal-like cluster of soft fingers, exalted
+into an ear-jewel, as though it were a rosy lotus? (127) And why,
+froward lady, dost thou raise thy straight brow undecked with the
+mark of yellow pigment, and surrounded by the mass of thine unbound
+tresses? For these flowing locks of thine, bereft of flowers, grieve
+my eyes, like the loss of the moon in the dark fortnight, clouded in
+masses of thickest gloom. Be kind, and tell me, my queen, the cause
+of thy grief. For this storm of sighs with which the robe on thy
+breast is quivering bows my loving heart like a ruddy tendril. Has
+any wrong been done by me, or by any in thy service? Closely as I
+examine myself, I can truly see no failure of mine towards thee. For
+my life and my kingdom are wholly thine. Let the cause of thy woe,
+fair queen, be told.' But Vilasavati, thus addressed, made no reply,
+and turning to her attendants, he asked the cause of her exceeding
+grief. Then her betel-nut bearer, Makarika, who was always near her,
+said to the king: 'My lord, how could any fault, however slight,
+be committed by thee? (128) And how in thy presence could any of thy
+followers, or anyone else, offend? The sorrow of the queen is that her
+union with the king is fruitless, as though she were seized by Rahu,
+and for a long time she has been suffering. For at first our lady
+was like one in heavy grief, was only occupied with difficulty by
+the persuasion of her attendants in the ordinary duties of the day,
+however fitting they might be, such as sleeping, bathing, eating,
+putting on of ornaments, and the like, and, like a Lakshmi of the lower
+world, ceaselessly upbraided divine love. [212] But in her longing
+to take away the grief of my lord's heart, she did not show her sad
+change. Now, however, as it was the fourteenth day of the month,
+she went to worship holy Mahakala, and heard in a recitation of the
+Mahabharata, "No bright abodes await the childless, for a son is he
+who delivers from the sunless shades"; and when she heard this, she
+returned to her palace, and now, though reverently entreated thereto
+by her attendants, she takes no pleasure in food, nor does she busy
+herself in putting on her jewels, nor does she vouchsafe to answer
+us; (129) she only weeps, and her face is clouded with a storm of
+ever-flowing tears. My lord has heard, and must judge.' So saying,
+she ceased; and, with a long and passionate sigh, the king spoke thus:
+
+'"'My queen, what can be done in a matter decreed by fate? Enough of
+this weeping beyond measure! For it is not on us that the gods are
+wont to bestow their favours. In truth, our heart is not destined to
+hold the bliss of that ambrosial draught, the embrace of a child of
+our own. In a former life no glorious deed was done; for a deed done
+in a former life brings forth fruit in man's life on earth; even the
+wisest man cannot change destiny. Let all be done that may be done in
+this mortal life. Do more honour to the gurus; redouble thy worship of
+the gods; let thy good works be seen in thy reverence to the rishis;
+for the rishis are a powerful deity, and if we serve them with all our
+might, they will give boons that fulfil our heart's desire, hard though
+it be to gain. (130) For the tale is an old one how King Brihadratha
+in Magadha won by the power of Candakaucika a son Jarasandha, victor
+of Vishnu, peerless in prowess, fatal to his foes. Dacaratha, too,
+when very old, received by the favour of Rishyacringa, son of the great
+saint Vibhandaka, four sons, unconquerable as the arms of Narayana,
+and unshaken as the depths of the oceans. [213] And many other royal
+sages, having conciliated ascetics, have enjoyed the happiness of
+tasting the ambrosia of the sight of a son. For the honour paid to
+saints is never without its reward.
+
+'"'And for me, when shall I behold my queen ready to bear a child,
+pale as the fourteenth night when the rising of the full moon is at
+hand; and when will her attendants, hardly able to bear the joy of
+the great festival of the birth of my son, carry the full basket of
+gifts? When will my queen gladden me wearing yellow robes, and holding
+a son in her arms, like the sky with the newly-risen sun and the early
+sunlight; and when will a son give me joy of heart, with his curly
+hair yellow with many a plant, a few ashes mixed with mustard-seed
+on his palate, which has a drop of ghi on it as a talisman, (131)
+and a thread bright with yellow dye round his neck, as he lies on his
+back and smiles with a little toothless mouth; when will this baby
+destroy all the darkness of sorrow in my eyes like an auspicious lamp
+welcomed by all the people, handed from one to another by the zenana
+attendants, shining tawny with yellow dye; and when will he adorn the
+courtyard, as he toddles round it, followed by my heart and my eyes,
+and gray with the dust of the court; and when will he walk from one
+place to another and the power of motion be formed in his knees,
+so that, like a young lion, he may try to catch the young tame deer
+screened behind the crystal walls? And when, running about at will
+in the courtyard, will he run after the tame geese, accompanied
+by the tinkling of the anklets of the zenana, and weary his nurse,
+who will hasten after him, following the sound of the bells of his
+golden girdle; (132) and when will he imitate the antics of a wild
+elephant, and have his cheeks adorned with a line of ichor painted in
+black aloe, full of joy at the sound of the bell held in his mouth,
+gray with the dust of sandal-wood scattered by his uplifted hand,
+shaking his head at the beckoning of the hooked finger; and when
+will he disguise the faces of the old chamberlains with the juice of
+handfuls of lac left after being used to colour his mother's feet;
+and when, with eyes restless in curiosity, will he bend his glance
+on the inlaid floors, and with tottering steps pursue his own shadow;
+and when will he creep about during the audience in front of me as I
+stand in my audience-hall, with his eyes wandering bewildered by the
+rays of the gems, and have his coming welcomed by the outstretched
+arms of a thousand kings? Thinking on a hundred such desires, I pass
+my nights in suffering. Me, too, the grief arising from our want of
+children burns like a fire day and night. The world seems empty;
+I look on my kingdom as without fruit. But what can I do towards
+Brahma, from whom there is no appeal? Therefore, my queen, cease
+thy continual grief. Let thy heart be devoted to endurance and to
+duty. For increase of blessings is ever nigh at hand for those who
+set their thoughts on duty.' (133) Thus saying, with a hand like
+a fresh tendril, he took water and wiped her tear-stained face,
+which showed as an opening lotus; and having comforted her again and
+again with many a speech sweet with a hundred endearments, skilled to
+drive away grief, and full of instruction about duty, he at last left
+her. And when he was gone, Vilasavati's sorrow was a little soothed,
+and she went about her usual daily duties, such as putting on of her
+adornments. And from that time forth she was more and more devoted to
+propitiating the gods, honouring Brahmans, and paying reverence to
+all holy persons; whatever recommendation she heard from any source
+she practised in her longing for a child, nor did she count the
+fatigue, however great; she slept within the temples of Durga, dark
+with smoke of bdellium ceaselessly burnt, on a bed of clubs covered
+with green grass, fasting, her pure form clothed in white raiment;
+(134) she bathed under cows endued with auspicious marks, adorned for
+the occasion by the wives of the old cowherds in the herd-stations,
+with golden pitchers laden with all sorts of jewels, decorated with
+branches of the pipal, decked with divers fruits and flowers and
+filled with holy water; every day she would rise and give to Brahmans
+golden mustard-leaves adorned with every gem; she stood in the midst
+of a circle drawn by the king himself, in a place where four roads
+meet, on the fourteenth night of the dark fortnight, and performed
+auspicious rites of bathing, in which the gods of the quarters were
+gladdened by the various oblations offered; she honoured the shrines
+of the siddhas and sought the houses of neighbouring Matrikas, [214]
+in which faith was displayed by the people; she bathed in all the
+celebrated snake-ponds; with a sun-wise turn, she worshipped the pipal
+and other trees to which honour was wont to be shown; after bathing,
+with hands circled by swaying bracelets, she herself gave to the
+birds an offering of curds and boiled rice placed in a silver cup;
+she offered daily to the goddess Durga a sacrifice consisting of
+parched grain of oblation, boiled rice, sesamum sweetmeats, cakes,
+unguents, incense, and flowers, in abundance; (135) she besought,
+with a mind prostrate in adoration, the naked wandering ascetics,
+bearing the name of siddhas, and carrying their begging-bowls filled
+by her; she greatly honoured the directions of fortune-tellers;
+she frequented all the soothsayers learned in signs; she showed all
+respect to those who understood the omens of birds; she accepted all
+the secrets handed down in the tradition of a succession of venerable
+sages; in her longing for the sight of a son, she made the Brahmans
+who came into her presence chant the Veda; she heard sacred stories
+incessantly repeated; she carried about little caskets of mantras
+filled with birch-leaves written over in yellow letters; she tied
+strings of medicinal plants as amulets; even her attendants went
+out to hear passing sounds and grasped the omens arising from them;
+she daily threw out lumps of flesh in the evening for the jackals;
+she told the pandits the wonders of her dreams, and at the cross-roads
+she offered oblation to Civa.
+
+'"And as time went on, it chanced once that near the end of night,
+when the sky was gray as an old pigeon's wing, and but few stars
+were left, the king saw in a dream the full moon entering the mouth
+of Vilasavati, as she rested on the roof of her white palace, like a
+ball of lotus-fibres into the mouth of an elephant. (136) Thereupon
+he woke, and arising, shedding brightness through his dwelling by
+the joyous dilation of his eyes, he straightway called Cukanasa
+and told him the dream; whereto the latter, filled with sudden joy,
+replied: 'Sire, our wishes and those of thy subjects are at length
+fulfilled. After a few days my lord will doubtless experience the
+happiness of beholding the lotus-face of a son; for I, too, this night
+in a dream saw a white-robed Brahman, of godlike bearing and calm
+aspect, place in Manorama's [215] lap a lotus that rained drops of
+honey, with a hundred outspread white petals, like the moon's digits,
+and a thousand quivering stamens forming its matted locks. Now,
+all auspicious omens which come to us foretell the near approach of
+joy; and what other cause of joy can there be than this? for dreams
+seen at the close of night are wont to bear fruit in truth. (137)
+Certainly ere long the queen shall bear a son that, like Mandhatri,
+shall be a leader among all royal sages, and a cause of joy to all the
+world; and he shall gladden thy heart, O king, as the lotus-pool in
+autumn with its burst of fresh lotuses gladdens the royal elephant;
+by him thy kingly line shall become strong to bear the weight of
+the world, and shall be unbroken in its succession as the stream of
+a wild elephant's ichor.' As he thus spoke, the king, taking him by
+the hand, entered the inner apartments and gladdened the queen, with
+both their dreams. And after some days, by the grace of the gods,
+the hope of a child came to Vilasavati, like the moon's image on a
+lake, and she became thereby yet more glorious, like the line of the
+Nandana wood with the tree of Paradise, or the breast of Vishnu with
+the Kaustubha gem.
+
+(138) '"On one memorable day the king had gone at evening to an inner
+pavilion, where, encircled by a thousand lamps, burning bright with
+abundance of scented oil, he was like the full moon in the midst of
+stars, or like Narayana seated among the thousand jewelled hoods of
+the king of snakes; he was surrounded only by a few great kings who
+had received the sprinkling of coronation; his own attendants stood
+at some distance; close by Cukanasa was sitting on a high stool, clad
+in white silk, with little adornment, a statesman profound as the
+depths of ocean; and with him the king was holding a conversation on
+many topics, full of the confidence that had grown with their growth,
+when he was approached by the handmaiden Kulavardhana, the queen's
+chief attendant, always skilled in the ways of a court, well trained
+by nearness to royalty, and versed in all auspicious ceremonies,
+who whispered in his ear the news about Vilasavati. (139) At her
+words, so fresh to his ears, the king's limbs were bedewed as if
+with ambrosia, a thrill passed through his whole body, and he was
+bewildered with the draught of joy; his cheeks burst into a smile;
+under the guise of the bright flash of his teeth he scattered abroad
+the happiness that overflowed his heart, and his eye, with its pupil
+quivering, and its lashes wet with tears of gladness, fell on the face
+of Cukanasa. And when Cukanasa saw the king's exceeding joy, such as he
+had never seen before, and beheld the approach of Kulavardhana with a
+radiant smile on her face, though he had not heard the tidings, yet,
+from constantly revolving the matter in his mind, he saw no other
+cause befitting the time of this excess of gladness; (140) he saw
+all, and bringing his seat closer to the king, said in a low voice:
+'My lord, there is some truth in that dream; for Kulavardhana has
+her eyes radiant, and thy twin eyes announce a cause of great joy,
+for they are dilated, their pupils are tremulous, and they are bathed
+in tears of joy, and as they seem to creep to the lobes of thy ears
+in their eagerness to hear the good tidings, they produce, as it were,
+the beauty of an ear-pendant of blue lotuses. My longing heart yearns
+to hear the festival that has sprung up for it. Therefore let my lord
+tell me what is this news.' When he had thus said, the king replied
+with a smile: 'If it is true as she says, then all our dream is true;
+but I cannot believe it. How should so great a happiness fall to
+our lot? For we are no fitting vessel for the bearing of such good
+tidings. Kulavardhana is always truthful, and yet when I consider
+how unworthy I am of such joy, I look upon her as having changed her
+nature. Rise, therefore; I myself will go and ask the queen if it is
+true, and then I shall know.' (141) So saying, he dismissed all the
+kings, and taking off his ornaments, gave them to Kulavardhana, and
+when, on his gracious dismissal of her with gifts, he received her
+homage paid with a deep reverence as she touched the earth with her
+straight brow, he rose with Cukanasa and went to the inner apartments,
+hurried on by a mind filled with exceeding happiness, and gladdened
+by the throbbing of his right eye, which seemed to mimic the play of
+a blue lotus-petal stirred by the wind. He was followed by a scanty
+retinue, as befitted so late a visit, and had the thick darkness of
+the courtyard dispelled by the brightness of the lamps of the women
+who went before him, though their steady flame flickered in the wind."'
+
+
+
+[Bana then describes the birth of Tarapida's son, who is named
+Candrapida, from the king's dream about the moon, and also that of
+Cukanasa's son Vaicampayana. [216]]
+
+
+
+(155) '"And as Candrapida underwent in due course all the circle of
+ceremonies, beginning with the tying of his top-knot, his childhood
+passed away; and to prevent distraction, Tarapida had built for him
+a palace of learning outside the city, stretching half a league along
+the Sipra river, surrounded by a wall of white bricks like the circle
+of peaks of a snow-mountain, girt with a great moat running along
+the walls, guarded by very strong gates, having one door kept open
+for ingress, with stables for horses and palanquins close by, and
+a gymnasium constructed beneath--a fit palace for the immortals. He
+took infinite pains in gathering there teachers of every science, and
+having placed the boy there, like a young lion in a cage, forbidding
+all egress, surrounding him with a suite composed mainly of the sons
+of his teachers, removing every allurement to the sports of boyhood,
+and keeping his mind free from distraction, on an auspicious day (156)
+he entrusted him, together with Vaicampayana, to masters, that they
+might acquire all knowledge. Every day when he rose, the king, with
+Vilasavati and a small retinue, went to watch him, and Candrapida,
+undisturbed in mind and kept to his work by the king, quickly grasped
+all the sciences taught him by teachers, whose efforts were quickened
+by his great powers, as they brought to light his natural abilities;
+the whole range of arts assembled in his mind as in a pure jewelled
+mirror. He gained the highest skill in word, sentence, proof, law,
+and royal policy; in gymnastics; in all kinds of weapons, such as
+the bow, quoit, shield, scimitar, dart, mace, battle-axe, and club;
+in driving and elephant-riding; in musical instruments, such as the
+lute, fife, drum, cymbal, and pipe; in the laws of dancing laid down
+by Bharata and others, and the science of music, such as that of
+Narada; in the management of elephants, the knowledge of a horse's
+age, and the marks of men; in painting, leaf-cutting, the use of
+books, and writing; in all the arts of gambling, knowledge of the
+cries of birds, and astronomy; in testing of jewels, (157) carpentry,
+the working of ivory; in architecture, physic, mechanics, antidotes,
+mining, crossing of rivers, leaping and jumping, and sleight of hand;
+in stories, dramas, romances, poems; in the Mahabharata, the Puranas,
+the Itihasas, and the Ramayana; in all kinds of writing, all foreign
+languages, all technicalities, all mechanical arts; in metre, and
+in every other art. And while he ceaselessly studied, even in his
+childhood an inborn vigour like that of Bhima shone forth in him
+and stirred the world to wonder. For when he was but in play the
+young elephants, who had attacked him as if he were a lion's whelp,
+had their limbs bowed down by his grasp on their ears, and could not
+move; with one stroke of his scimitar he cut down palm-trees as if
+they were lotus-stalks; his shafts, like those of Paracurama when
+he blazed to consume the forest of earth's royal stems, cleft only
+the loftiest peaks; he exercised himself with an iron club which
+ten men were needed to lift; and, except in bodily strength, he was
+followed close in all his accomplishments by Vaicampayana, (158)
+who, by reason of the honour Candrapida felt for his deep learning,
+and of his reverence due to Cukanasa, and because they had played in
+the dust and grown up together, was the prince's chief friend, and,
+as it were, his second heart, and the home of all his confidences. He
+would not be without Vaicampayana for a moment, while Vaicampayana
+never for an instant ceased to follow him, any more than the day
+would cease to follow the sun.
+
+'"And while Candrapida was thus pursuing his acquaintance with all
+knowledge, the spring of youth, loved of the three worlds as the amrita
+draught of the ocean, gladdening the hearts of men as moonrise gladdens
+the gloaming; transient in change of iridescent glow, like the full
+arch of Indra's bow to the rainy season; weapon of love, like the
+outburst of flowers to the tree of desire; beautiful in ever freshly
+revealed glow, like sunrise to the lotus-grove; ready for all play
+of graceful motion, like the plumes of the peacock, became manifest
+and brought to flower in him, fair as he was, a double beauty; love,
+lord of the hour, stood ever nigh, as if to do his bidding; his chest
+expanded like his beauty; his limbs won fulness, like the wishes of his
+friends; his waist became slender, like the host of his foes; (159)
+his form broadened, like his liberality; his majesty grew, like his
+hair; his arms hung down more and more, like the plaits of his enemies'
+wives; his eyes became brighter, like his conduct; his shoulders broad,
+like his knowledge; and his heart deep, like his voice.
+
+'"And so in due course the king, learning that Candrapida had grown to
+youth, and had completed his knowledge of all the arts, studied all the
+sciences, and won great praise from his teachers, summoned Balahaka,
+a mighty warrior, and, with a large escort of cavalry and infantry,
+sent him on a very auspicious day to fetch the prince. And Balahaka,
+going to the palace of learning, entered, announced by the porters,
+and bending his head till its crest-jewels rested on the ground,
+sat down, by the prince's permission, on a seat befitting his office,
+as reverently as though in the king's presence; after a short pause
+he approached Candrapida and respectfully gave the king's message:
+'Prince, the king bids me say: "Our desires are fulfilled; the castras
+have been studied; all the arts have been learnt; thou hast gained
+the highest skill in all the martial sciences. (160) All thy teachers
+give thee permission to leave the house of learning. Let the people
+see that thou hast received thy training, like a young royal elephant
+come out from the enclosure, having in thy mind the whole orb of
+the arts, like the full moon newly risen. Let the eyes of the world,
+long eager to behold thee, fulfil their true function; for all the
+zenanas are yearning for thy sight. This is now the tenth year of
+thine abode in the school, and thou didst enter it having reached
+the experience of thy sixth year. This year, then, so reckoned, is
+the sixteenth of thy life. Now, therefore, when thou hast come forth
+and shown thyself to all the mothers longing to see thee, and hast
+saluted those who deserve thy honour, do thou lay aside thy early
+discipline, and experience at thy will the pleasures of the court
+and the delights of fresh youth. Pay thy respects to the chiefs;
+honour the Brahmans; protect thy people; gladden thy kinsfolk. There
+stands at the door, sent by the king, this horse, named Indrayudha,
+swift as Garuda or as the wind, the chief jewel of the three worlds;
+(161) for in truth the monarch of Persia, who esteemed him the wonder
+of the universe, sent him with this message: 'This noble steed, sprung
+straight from the waters of ocean, was found by me, and is worthy for
+thee, O king, to mount;' and when he was shown to those skilled in a
+horse's points, they said: 'He has all the marks of which men tell us
+as belonging to Uccaihcravas; there never has been nor will be a steed
+like him.' Therefore let him be honoured by thy mounting him. These
+thousand princes, all sons of anointed kings, highly-trained, heroic,
+wise, and accomplished, and of long descent, sent for thine escort,
+wait on horseback, all eager to salute thee."' Having thus said,
+Balahaka paused, and Candrapida, laying his father's command on his
+head, in a voice deep as a new cloud gave the order, 'Let Indrayudha
+be brought,' for he desired to mount him.
+
+'"Immediately on his command Indrayudha was brought, and he beheld that
+wondrous steed, led by two men on each side grasping the circle of
+the bit, and using all their efforts to curb him. He was very large,
+his back being just within reach of a man's uplifted hand; he seemed
+to drink the sky, which was on a level with his mouth; with a neigh
+which shook the cavity of his belly, and filled the hollows of the
+three worlds, he, as it were, upbraided Garuda for his vain trust
+in his fabled speed; (162) with a nostril snorting in wrath at any
+hindrance to his course, he, in his pride, examined the three worlds,
+that he might leap over them; his body was variegated with streaks
+of black, yellow, green, and pink, like Indra's bow; he was like a
+young elephant, with a many-hued rug spread over him; like Civa's
+bull, pink with metallic dust from butting at Kailasa's peaks; like
+Parvati's lion, with his mane crimsoned with the red streak of the
+demon's clotted blood; and like the very incarnation of all energy,
+with a sound emitted from his ever-quivering nostrils, he seemed
+to pour forth the wind inhaled in his swift course; he scattered
+the foam-flakes that frothed from his lips from the champing of
+the points of the bit which rattled as he rolled it in his mouth,
+as if they were mouthfuls of ambrosia drunk in his ocean home. (164)
+And, beholding this steed, whose like was never before seen, in form
+fit for the gods, meet for the kingdom of the whole universe, (165)
+possessed of all the favourable marks, the perfection of a horse's
+shape, the heart of Candrapida, though of a nature not easily moved,
+was touched with amazement, and the thought arose in his mind: 'What
+jewel, if not this wondrous horse, was brought up by the Suras and
+Asuras when they churned the waters of ocean and whirled round Mount
+Mandara with the serpent Vasuki revolving in ceaseless gyration? And
+what has Indra gained by his lordship of the three worlds if he did not
+mount this back, broad as Mount Meru? Surely Indra was cheated by the
+ocean when his heart was gladdened by Uccaihcravas! And I think that
+so far he has not crossed the sight of holy Narayana, who even now
+does not give up his infatuation for riding Garuda. My father's royal
+glory surpasses the riches of the kingdom of heaven, in that treasures
+such as this, which can hardly be gained in the whole universe, come
+here into servitude. From its magnificence and energy, this form of
+his seems the shrine of a god, and the truth of this makes me fear to
+mount him. For forms like this, fit for the gods and the wonder of
+the universe, belong to no common horse. Even deities, subject to a
+muni's curse, have been known to leave their own bodies and inhabit
+other bodies brought to them by the terms of the curse. (166) For
+there is a story of old how Sthulaciras, a muni of great austerity,
+cursed an Apsaras named Rambha, the ornament of the three worlds; and
+she, leaving heaven, entered the heart of a horse, and thus, as the
+story goes, dwelt for a long time on earth as a mare, in the service of
+King Catadhanvan, at Mrittikavati; and many other great-souled beings,
+having had their glory destroyed by the curse of munis, have roamed the
+world in various forms. Surely this must be some noble being subject
+to a curse! My heart declares his divinity.' Thus thinking, he rose,
+wishing to mount; and in mind only approaching the steed, he prayed
+thus: 'Noble charger, thou art that thou art! All hail to thee! Yet
+let my audacity in mounting thee be forgiven! for even deities whose
+presence is unknown taste of a contumely all unmeet for them.'
+
+'"As if knowing his thought, Indrayudha looked at him with eye
+askance, the pupil turned and partly closed by the lashing of his
+tossing mane, (167) and repeatedly struck the ground with his right
+hoof, till the hair on his chest was gray with the dust it cast up,
+as though summoning the prince to mount, with a pleasant whinnying
+long drawn out into a gentle soft murmur blent with the snorting of
+his quivering nostrils. Whereupon Candrapida mounted Indrayudha,
+as though invited thereunto by his pleasant neighing; and, having
+mounted, he passed out, thinking the whole universe but a span long,
+and beheld a cavalcade of which the furthest limits could not be seen;
+it deafened the hollows of the three worlds with the clatter of hoofs
+breaking up the earth, fierce as a shower of stones let fall from the
+clouds, and with a neighing sounding the fiercer from nostrils choked
+with dust; it decked the sky with a forest of lances all horrent,
+whose shafts gleamed bright when touched by the sun, like a lake half
+hidden in a grove of blue lotus-buds upborne on their stalks; from its
+darkening the eight quarters with its thousand umbrellas all raised,
+it was like a mass of clouds iridescent with the full arch of Indra's
+bow shining on them; (168) while from the horses' mouths being white
+with foam-flakes cast abroad, and from the undulating line of their
+ceaseless curvetting, it rose to sight like a mass of ocean billows
+in the flood of final destruction; all the horses were in motion at
+Candrapida's approach, as the waves of ocean at the moon's rising;
+and the princes, each wishing to be first in their eagerness to pay
+their homage, having their heads unprotected by the hasty removal of
+their umbrellas, and weary with trying to curb their horses, which
+were wild with trampling on each other, drew around the prince. As
+Balahaka presented each by name, they bowed, bending low their heads,
+which showed the glow of loyalty under the guise of the rays uprising
+from the rubies in their waving crests, and which, from their having
+buds held up in adoration, were like lotuses resting on the water
+in the pitchers of coronation. Having saluted them, Candrapida,
+accompanied by Vaicampayana, also mounted, straightway set out for
+the city. (169) He was shaded by a very large umbrella with a gold
+stick, borne above him, formed like the lotus on which royal glory
+might dwell, like the moon's orb to the moon-lotus grove of royal
+races, like an island being formed by the flow of the cavalcade,
+in hue like the circle of Vasuki's hood whitened by the sea of milk,
+garlanded with many a rope of pearls, bearing the device of a lion
+designed above. The flowers in his ears were set dancing by the wind
+of the cowries waved on either side, and his praises were sung by many
+thousands of retainers running before him, young, for the most part,
+and brave, and by the bards, who ceaselessly recited aloud auspicious
+verses, with a soft cry of 'Long life and victory.'
+
+'"And as he passed on his way to the city, like a manifestation
+of the god of love no longer bodiless, [217] all the people, like
+a lotus-grove awakened by the moon's rising, left their work and
+gathered to behold him.
+
+'"'Kartikeya scorns the name of Kumara, [218] since his own form is
+looked on with scorn by the throng of lotus-faces when this prince is
+by. Surely we reap the reward of great virtue in that we behold that
+godlike form with eyes wide with the overflow of love sprung up within
+us, and upraised in eager curiosity. (170) Our birth in this world
+has now brought forth its fruit. Nevertheless, all hail to blessed
+Krishna, who in the guise of Candrapida has assumed a new form!' With
+such words the city folk folded their hands in adoration and bowed
+before him. And from the thousand windows which were unclosed from
+curiosity to behold Candrapida, the city itself became as it were a
+mass of open eyes; for straightway on hearing that he had left the
+palace of learning filled with all knowledge, women eager to see
+him mounted the roofs hastily throughout the city, leaving their
+half-done work; some with mirrors in their left hand were like the
+nights of the full moon, when the moon's whole orb is gleaming; some,
+with feet roseate with fresh lac, were like lotus-buds whose flowers
+had drunk the early sunlight; some, with their tender feet enmeshed in
+the bells of their girdle, fallen to the ground in their haste, were
+like elephants moving very slowly, checked by their chain; some were
+robed in rainbow hues, like the beauty of a day in the rainy season;
+some raised feet that blossomed into the white rays of their nails,
+like tame kalahamsas drawn by the sound of the anklets; (171) some
+held strings of large pearls in their hands, as if in imitation of
+Rati with her crystal rosary grasped in grief for the death of Love;
+some, with wreaths of pearls falling between their breasts, were like
+the glory of evening when the pairs of cakravakas are separated by a
+pure slender stream; some, with rainbow flashes rising from the gems of
+their anklets, shone as if lovingly accompanied by tame peacocks; some,
+with their jewelled cups half drunk, distilled, as it were, from their
+rosy flower-like lips a sweet nectar. Others, too, with their orbed
+faces appearing at the interstices of the emerald lattices, presented
+to the eyes a lotus-grove with its opening buds traversing the sky,
+as they gazed on the prince. On a sudden there arose a tinkling of
+ornaments born of hasty motion, with many a sound of lutes struck
+sweetly on their chords, blended with the cry of cranes summoned by
+the clanging of the girdles, accompanied by the noise of peacocks
+shut up in the zenana and rejoicing in the thunder caused by the
+stairs being struck by stumbling feet, (172) soft with the murmur of
+kalahamsas fluttering in fear of the clash of fresh clouds, imitating
+the triumphant cry of Love, taking captive the ears of lovely women
+with their ropes of jewels resounding shrilly as they touched one
+another, and re-echoing through all the corners of the houses. In
+a moment the dense throng of maidens made the palaces seem walled
+with women; the ground seemed to blossom by the laying on it of their
+lac-strewn lotus-feet; the city seemed girt with grace by the stream
+of fair forms; the sky seemed all moon by the throng of orbed faces;
+the circle of space seemed a lotus-grove by reason of the hands all
+raised to ward off the heat; the sunshine seemed robed in rainbows
+by the mass of rays from the jewels, and the day seemed formed of
+blue lotus-petals by the long line of bright glances. As the women
+gazed on him with eyes fixed and widened in curiosity, the form of
+Candrapida entered into their hearts as though they were mirrors or
+water or crystal; and as the glow of love manifested itself there,
+their graceful speech became straightway mirthful, confidential,
+confused, envious, scornful, derisive, coquettish, loving, or full
+of longing. (173) As, for instance: 'Hasty one, wait for me! Drunk
+with gazing, hold thy mantle! Simpleton, lift up the long tresses
+that hang about thy face! Remove thy moon-digit ornament! Blinded
+with love, thy feet are caught in the flowers of thine offering, and
+thou wilt fall! Love-distraught, tie up thy hair! Intent on the sight
+of Candrapida, raise thy girdle! Naughty one, lift up the ear-flower
+waving on thy cheek! Heartless one, pick up thine earring! Eager in
+youth, thou art being watched! Cover thy bosom! Shameless one, gather
+up thy loosened robe! Artfully artless, go on quicker! Inquisitive
+girl, take another look at the king! Insatiable, how long wilt thou
+look? Fickle-hearted, think of thine own people! Impish girl, thy
+mantle has fallen, and thou art mocked! Thou whose eyes art filled
+with love, seest thou not thy friends? Maiden full of guile, thou wilt
+live in sorrow with thy heart in causeless torment! Thou who feignest
+coyness, what mean thy crafty glances? (174) look boldly! Bright with
+youth, why rest thy weight against us? Angry one, go in front! Envious
+girl, why block up the window? Slave of love, thou bringest my outer
+robe to utter ruin! Drunk with love's breath, restrain thyself! Devoid
+of self-control, why run before thine elders? Bright in strength, why
+so confused? Silly girl, hide the thrill of love's fever! Ill-behaved
+girl, why thus weary thyself? Changeful one, thy girdle presseth thee,
+and thou sufferest vainly! Absent-minded, thou heedest not thyself,
+though outside thy house! Lost in curiosity, thou hast forgotten how
+to breathe! Thou whose eyes art closed in the happy imagination of
+union with thy beloved, open them! He is passing! Bereft of sense by
+the stroke of love's arrow, place the end of thy silken robe on thy
+head to keep off the sun's rays! Thou who hast taken the vow of Sati,
+thou lettest thine eyes wander, not seeing what is to be seen! Wretched
+one, thou art cast down by the vow not to gaze on other men! Vouchsafe
+to rise, dear friend, and to look at the blessed fish-bannered god,
+[219] without his banner and bereft of Rati, visibly present. (175)
+His crest of malati flowers under his umbrella looks like a mass
+of moonbeams fallen in under the idea that night has set in, on
+his head dark with swarms of bees. His cheek is fair as a garland
+of open cirisha flowers touched with green by the splendour of his
+emerald earring. Our youthful glow of love, under the guise of rich
+ruby rays among the pearl necklaces, shines out eager to enter his
+heart. It is so seen by him among the cowries. Moreover, what is he
+laughing at as he talks to Vaicampayana, so that the circle of space
+is whitened with his bright teeth? Balahaka, with the edge of his
+silken mantle green as a parrot's plumage, is removing from the tips
+of his hair the dust raised by the horses' hoofs. His bough-like foot,
+soft as Lakshmi's lotus-hand, is raised and sportively cast athwart
+his horse's shoulder. His hand, with tapering fingers and bright
+as pink lotus-buds, is outstretched to its full length to ask for
+betel-nut, just as an elephant's trunk in eagerness for mouthfuls
+of vallisneria. (176) Happy is she who, a fellow-bride with earth,
+shall, like Lakshmi, win that hand outvying the lotus! Happy, too,
+is Queen Vilasavati, by whom he who is able to bear the whole earth
+was nourished in birth, as the elephant of the quarters by Space!'
+
+'"And as they uttered these and other sayings of the same kind,
+Candrapida, drunk in by their eyes, summoned by the tinkling of their
+ornaments, followed by their hearts, bound by the ropes of the rays
+of their jewels, honoured with the offering of their fresh youth,
+bestrewn with flowers and rice in salutation like a marriage fire,
+advancing step by step on a mass of white bracelets slipping from
+their languid arms, reached the palace."'
+
+
+
+[Dismounting and leaning on Vaicampayana, he entered the court,
+preceded by Balahaka, and passing through the crowd of attendant
+kings, beheld his father seated on a white couch and attended by his
+guards. [220]]
+
+
+
+'"(189) And on the chamberlain's saying 'Behold him!' the prince,
+with his head bent low, and its crest shaking, while yet afar off
+made his salutation, and his father, crying from afar, 'Come, come
+hither!' stretched forth both arms, raised himself slightly from his
+couch, while his eyes filled with tears of joy and a thrill passed over
+his body, and embraced his reverently-bent son as though he would bind
+him fast [221] and absorb him, and drink him in. And after the embrace,
+Candrapida sat down on the bare ground by his father's footstool,
+kicking away the cloak which had been rolled up and hastily made into
+a seat by his own betel-nut bearer, and softly bidding her take it
+away; (190) and then Vaicampayana, being embraced by the king like his
+own son, sat down on a seat placed for him. When he had been there a
+short time, assailed, as it were, by glances from the women who stood
+motionless, with the waving of the cowries forgotten, glances of love,
+long as strings of lotus stirred by the wind, from fine eyes tremulous
+and askant, he was dismissed with the words, 'Go, my son, salute thy
+loving mother, who longs to see thee, and then in turn gladden all
+who nurtured thee by thy sight.' Respectfully rising, and stopping
+his suite from following him, he went with Vaicampayana to the zenana,
+led by the royal servants meet to enter therein, and approaching his
+mother, saluted her"' [as she sat surrounded by her attendants and
+by aged ascetic women, who read and recited legends to her [222]].
+
+'"(191) She raised him, while her attendants, skilled in doing her
+commands, stood around her, and, with a loving caress, held him in
+a long embrace, as though thinking inwardly of a hundred auspicious
+words to say, and straightway, when the claims of affection had been
+satisfied, and she had embraced Vaicampayana, she sat down, and drew
+Candrapida, who was reverently seated on the ground, forcibly and
+against his will to rest in her arms; (192) and when Vaicampayana
+was seated on a stool quickly brought by the attendants, she embraced
+Candrapida again and again on brow, breast, and shoulders, and said,
+with many a caressing touch: 'Hard-hearted, my child, was thy father,
+by whom so fair a form, meet to be cherished by the whole universe,
+was made to undergo great fatigue for so long! How didst thou endure
+the tedious restraint of thy gurus? Indeed, young as thou art, thou
+hast a strong man's fortitude! Thy heart, even in childhood, has lost
+all idle liking for childish amusement and play. Ah well, all devotion
+to natural and spiritual parents is something apart; and as I now see
+thee endowed, by thy father's favour, with all knowledge, so I shall
+soon see thee endowed with worthy wives.' Having thus said as he bent
+his head, smiling half in shame, she kissed him on the cheek, which was
+a full reflection of her own, and garlanded with open lotuses; and he,
+when he had stayed a short time, gladdened in turn by his presence the
+whole zenana. Then, departing by the royal door, he mounted Indrayudha,
+who was standing outside, and, followed by the princes, went to see
+Cukanasa,"' [and at the gate of an outer court, filled with priests
+of many sects, he dismounted [223]] '"(194) and entered the palace
+of Cukanasa, which resembled a second royal court. On entering he
+saluted Cukanasa like a second father as he stood in the midst of
+thousands of kings, showing him all respect, with his crest bent
+low even from afar. Cukanasa, quickly rising, while the kings rose
+one after another, and respectfully advancing straight to him, with
+tears of joy falling from eyes wide with gladness, heartily, and with
+great affection, embraced him, together with Vaicampayana. Then the
+prince, rejecting the jewelled seat respectfully brought, sat on the
+bare ground, and next to him sat Vaicampayana; and when he sat on the
+ground, the whole circle of kings, except Cukanasa, leaving their own
+seats, sat also on the ground. Cukanasa stood silent for a moment,
+showing his extreme joy by the thrill that passed over his limbs,
+and then said to the prince: 'Truly, my child, now that King Tarapida
+has seen thee grown to youth and possessed of knowledge, he has at
+length gained the fruit of his rule over the universe. Now all the
+blessings of thy parents have been fulfilled. Now the merit acquired
+in many other births has borne fruit. Now the gods of thy race are
+content. (195) For they who, like thee, astonish the three worlds,
+do not become the sons of the unworthy. For where is thy age? and
+where thy superhuman power and thy capacity of reaching boundless
+knowledge? Yea, blessed are those subjects who have thee for their
+protector, one like unto Bharata and Bhagiratha. What bright deed
+of merit was done by Earth that she has won thee as lord? Surely,
+Lakshmi is destroyed by persisting in the caprice of dwelling in
+Vishnu's bosom, that she does not approach thee in mortal form! But,
+nevertheless, do thou with thine arm, as the Great Boar with his
+circle of tusks, bear up for myriads of ages the weight of the earth,
+helping thy father.' Thus saying, and offering homage with ornaments,
+dresses, flowers, and unguents, he dismissed him. Thereupon the
+prince, rising, and entering the zenana, visited Vaicampayana's
+mother, by name Manorama, and, departing, mounted Indrayudha, and
+went to his palace. It had been previously arranged by his father,
+and had white jars filled and placed on the gates, like an image of
+the royal palace; it had garlands of green sandal boughs, thousands of
+white flags flying, and filled the air with the sound of auspicious
+instruments of music; open lotuses were strewn in it. A sacrifice to
+Agni had just been performed, every attendant was in bright apparel,
+every auspicious ceremony for entering a house had been prepared. On
+his arrival he sat for a short time on a couch placed in the hall,
+and then, together with his princely retinue, performed the day's
+duties, beginning with bathing and ending with a banquet; (196) and
+meanwhile he arranged that Indrayudha should dwell in his own chamber.
+
+'"And in these doings of his the day came to a close; the sun's orb
+fell with lifted rays like the ruby anklet--its interstices veiled in
+its own light--of the Glory of Day, as she hastens from the sky. (198)
+And when evening had begun, Candrapida, encircled by a fence of lighted
+lamps, went on foot to the king's palace, (199) and having stayed a
+short time with his father, and seen Vilasavati, he returned to his
+own house and lay down on a couch, many-hued with the radiance of
+various gems, like Krishna on the circle of Cesha's hoods.
+
+'"And when night had turned to dawn, he, with his father's leave,
+rose before sunrise, in eagerness for the new delight of hunting, and,
+mounting Indrayudha, went to the wood with a great retinue of runners,
+horses, and elephants. His eagerness was doubled by huntsmen leading
+in a golden leash hounds large as asses. With arrows whose shafts
+were bright as the leaves of a blossoming lotus, and fit to cleave
+the frontal bones of young wild elephants, he slew wild boars, lions,
+carabhas, [224] yaks, and many other kinds of deer by thousands,
+(200) while the woodland goddesses looked at him with half-closed
+eyes, fluttered by fear of the twanging of his bow. Other animals by
+his great energy he took alive. And when the sun reached the zenith,
+he rode home from the wood (201) with but a few princes who were well
+mounted, going over the events of the chase, saying: 'Thus I killed
+a lion, thus a bear, thus a buffalo, thus a carabha, thus a stag.'
+
+'"On dismounting, he sat down on a seat brought hastily by his
+attendants, took off his corselet, and removed the rest of his riding
+apparel; he then rested a short time, till his weariness was removed
+by the wind of waving fans; having rested, he went to the bathroom,
+provided with a hundred pitchers of gold, silver, and jewels, and
+having a gold seat placed in its midst. And when the bath was over,
+and he had been rubbed in a separate room with cloths, his head
+was covered with a strip of pure linen, his raiment was put on,
+and he performed his homage to the gods; and when he entered the
+perfuming-room, there approached him the court women attendants,
+appointed by the grand chamberlain and sent by the king, slaves of
+Vilasavati, with Kulavardhana, and zenana women sent from the whole
+zenana, bearing in baskets different ornaments, wreaths, unguents,
+and robes, which they presented to him. Having taken them in due order
+from the women, he first himself anointed Vaicampayana. When his own
+anointing was done, and giving to those around him flowers, perfumes,
+robes, and jewels, as was meet, (202) he went to the banquet-hall,
+rich in a thousand jewelled vessels, like the autumn sky gleaming with
+stars. He there sat on a doubled rug, with Vaicampayana next him,
+eagerly employed, as was fitting, in praising his virtues, and the
+host of princes, placed each in order of seniority on the ground,
+felt the pleasure of their service increased by seeing the great
+courtesy with which the prince said: 'Let this be given to him,
+and that to him!' And so he duly partook of his morning meal.
+
+'"After rinsing his mouth and taking betel, he stayed there a short
+time, and then went to Indrayudha, and there, without sitting down,
+while his attendants stood behind him, with upraised faces, awaiting
+his commands, and talking mostly about Indrayudha's points, he himself,
+with heart uplifted by Indrayudha's merits, scattered the fodder
+before him, and departing, visited the court; and in the same order
+of routine he saw the king, and, returning home, spent the night
+there. Next day, at dawn, he beheld approaching a chamberlain, by
+name Kailasa, the chief of the zenana, greatly trusted by the king,
+accompanied by a maiden of noble form, in her first youth, from
+her life at court self-possessed, yet not devoid of modesty, (203)
+growing to maidenhood, and in her veil of silk red with cochineal,
+resembling the Eastern quarter clothed in early sunshine. (204) And
+Kailasa, bowing and approaching, with his right hand placed on the
+ground, spoke as follows:
+
+'"'Prince, Queen Vilasavati bids me say: "This maiden, by name
+Patralekha, daughter of the King of Kuluta, was brought with the
+captives by the great king on his conquest of the royal city of
+Kuluta while she was yet a little child, and was placed among the
+zenana women. And tenderness grew up in me towards her, seeing she
+was a king's daughter and without a protector, and she was long
+cared for and brought up by me just like a daughter. Therefore,
+I now send her to thee, thinking her fit to be thy betel-bearer;
+but she must not be looked on by thee, great prince of many days,
+as thine other attendants. She must be cared for as a young maiden;
+she must be shielded from the thoughtless like thine own nature;
+she must be looked on as a pupil. (205) Like a friend, she must
+be admitted to all thy confidences. By reason of the love that has
+long grown up in me, my heart rests on her as on my own daughter;
+and being sprung from a great race, she is fitted for such duties;
+in truth, she herself will in a few days charm the prince by her
+perfect gentleness. My love for her is of long growth, and therefore
+strong; but as the prince does not yet know her character, this is
+told to him. Thou must in all ways strive, happy prince, that she may
+long be thy fitting companion."' When Kailasa had thus spoken and was
+silent, Candrapida looked long and steadily at Patralekha as she made
+a courteous obeisance, and with the words, 'As my mother wishes,'
+dismissed the chamberlain. And Patralekha, from her first sight of
+him, was filled with devotion to him, and never left the prince's
+side either by night or day, whether he was sleeping, or sitting,
+or standing, or walking, or going to the court, just as if she were
+his shadow; while he felt for her a great affection, beginning from
+his first glance at her, and constantly growing; he daily showed
+more favour to her, and counted her in all his secrets as part of
+his own heart.
+
+'"As the days thus passed on, the king, eager for the anointing of
+Candrapida as crown prince, (206) appointed chamberlains to gather
+together all things needful for it; and when it was at hand, Cukanasa,
+desirous of increasing the prince's modesty, great as it already was,
+spoke to him at length during one of his visits: 'Dear Candrapida,
+though thou hast learnt what is to be known, and read all the castras,
+no little remains for thee to learn. For truly the darkness arising
+from youth is by nature very thick, nor can it be pierced by the sun,
+nor cleft by the radiance of jewels, nor dispelled by the brightness
+of lamps. The intoxication of Lakshmi is terrible, and does not cease
+even in old age. There is, too, another blindness of power, evil, not
+to be cured by any salve. The fever of pride runs very high, and no
+cooling appliances can allay it. The madness that rises from tasting
+the poison of the senses is violent, and not to be counteracted by
+roots or charms. The defilement of the stain of passion is never
+destroyed by bathing or purification. The sleep of the multitude
+of royal pleasures is ever terrible, and the end of night brings no
+waking. Thus thou must often be told at length. Lordship inherited even
+from birth, fresh youth, peerless beauty, superhuman talent, all this
+is a long succession of ills. (207) Each of these separately is a home
+of insolence; how much more the assemblage of them! For in early youth
+the mind often loses its purity, though it be cleansed with the pure
+waters of the castras. The eyes of the young become inflamed, though
+their clearness is not quite lost. Nature, too, when the whirlwind of
+passion arises, carries a man far in youth at its own will, like a dry
+leaf borne on the wind. This mirage of pleasure, which captivates the
+senses as if they were deer, always ends in sorrow. When the mind has
+its consciousness dulled by early youth, the characteristics of the
+outer world fall on it like water, all the more sweetly for being
+but just tasted. Extreme clinging to the things of sense destroys
+a man, misleading him like ignorance of his bearings. But men such
+as thou art the fitting vessels for instruction. For on a mind free
+from stain the virtue of good counsel enters easily, as the moon's
+rays on a moon crystal. The words of a guru, though pure, yet cause
+great pain when they enter the ears of the bad, as water does; (208)
+while in others they produce a nobler beauty, like the ear-jewel on
+an elephant. They remove the thick darkness of many sins, like the
+moon in the gloaming. [225] The teaching of a guru is calming, and
+brings to an end the faults of youth by turning them to virtue, just
+as old age takes away the dark stain of the locks by turning them to
+gray. This is the time to teach thee, while thou hast not yet tasted
+the pleasures of sense. For teaching pours away like water in a heart
+shattered by the stroke of love's arrow. Family and sacred tradition
+are unavailing to the froward and undisciplined. Does a fire not burn
+when fed on sandal-wood? Is not the submarine fire the fiercer in
+the water that is wont to quench fire? But the words of a guru are a
+bathing without water, able to cleanse all the stains of man; they are
+a maturity that changes not the locks to gray; they give weight without
+increase of bulk; though not wrought of gold, they are an ear-jewel
+of no common order; without light they shine; without startling they
+awaken. They are specially needed for kings, for the admonishers of
+kings are few. (209) For from fear, men follow like an echo the words
+of kings, and so, being unbridled in their pride, and having the cavity
+of their ears wholly stopped, they do not hear good advice even when
+offered; and when they do hear, by closing their eyes like an elephant,
+they show their contempt, and pain the teachers who offer them good
+counsel. For the nature of kings, being darkened by the madness of
+pride's fever, is perturbed; their wealth causes arrogance and false
+self-esteem; their royal glory causes the torpor brought about by the
+poison of kingly power. First, let one who strives after happiness
+look at Lakshmi. For this Lakshmi, who now rests like a bee on the
+lotus-grove of a circle of naked swords, has risen from the milk ocean,
+has taken her glow from the buds of the coral-tree, her crookedness
+from the moon's digit, her restlessness from the steed Uccaihcrava,
+her witchery from Kalakuta poison, her intoxication from nectar, and
+from the Kaustubha gem her hardness. (210) All these she has taken
+as keepsakes to relieve her longing with memory of her companions'
+friendship. There is nothing so little understood here in the world
+as this base Lakshmi. When won, she is hard to keep; when bound fast
+by the firm cords of heroism, she vanishes; when held by a cage of
+swords brandished by a thousand fierce champions, she yet escapes;
+when guarded by a thick band of elephants, dark with a storm of ichor,
+she yet flees away. She keeps not friendships; she regards not race;
+she recks not of beauty; she follows not the fortunes of a family;
+she looks not on character; she counts not cleverness; she hears
+not sacred learning; she courts not righteousness; she honours not
+liberality; she values not discrimination; she guards not conduct;
+she understands not truth; she makes not auspicious marks her guide;
+like the outline of an aerial city, she vanishes even as we look on
+her. She is still dizzy with the feeling produced by the eddying of
+the whirlpool made by Mount Mandara. As if she were the tip of a
+lotus-stalk bound to the varying motion of a lotus-bed, she gives
+no firm foothold anywhere. Even when held fast with great effort
+in palaces, she totters as if drunk with the ichor of their many
+wild elephants. (211) She dwells on the sword's edge as if to learn
+cruelty. She clings to the form of Narayana as if to learn constant
+change of form. Full of fickleness, she leaves even a king, richly
+endowed with friends, judicial power, treasure, and territory, as she
+leaves a lotus at the end of day, though it have root, stalk, bud, and
+wide-spreading petals. Like a creeper, she is ever a parasite. [226]
+Like Ganga, though producing wealth, she is all astir with bubbles;
+like the sun's ray, she alights on one thing after another; like the
+cavity of hell, she is full of dense darkness. Like the demon Hidamba,
+her heart is only won by the courage of a Bhima; like the rainy season,
+she sends forth but a momentary flash; like an evil demon, she, with
+the height of many men, [227] crazes the feeble mind. As if jealous,
+she embraces not him whom learning has favoured; she touches not
+the virtuous man, as being impure; she despises a lofty nature as
+unpropitious; she regards not the gently-born, as useless. She leaps
+over a courteous man as a snake; (212) she avoids a hero as a thorn;
+she forgets a giver as a nightmare; she keeps far from a temperate man
+as a villain; she mocks at the wise as a fool; she manifests her ways
+in the world as if in a jugglery that unites contradictions. For,
+though creating constant fever, [228] she produces a chill; [229]
+though exalting men, she shows lowness of soul; though rising from
+water, she augments thirst; though bestowing lordship, [230] she
+shows an unlordly [231] nature; though loading men with power, she
+deprives them of weight; [232] though sister of nectar, she leaves a
+bitter taste; though of earthly mould, [233] she is invisible; though
+attached to the highest, [234] she loves the base; like a creature of
+dust, she soils even the pure. Moreover, let this wavering one shine
+as she may, she yet, like lamplight, only sends forth lamp-black. For
+she is the fostering rain of the poison-plants of desire, the hunter's
+luring song to the deer of the senses, the polluting smoke to the
+pictures of virtue, the luxurious couch of infatuation's long sleep,
+the ancient watch-tower of the demons of pride and wealth. (213) She is
+the cataract gathering over eyes lighted by the castras, the banner of
+the reckless, the native stream of the alligators of wrath, the tavern
+of the mead of the senses, the music-hall of alluring dances, the lair
+of the serpents of sin, the rod to drive out good practices. She is
+the untimely rain to the kalahamsas [235] of the virtues, the hotbed
+of the pustules of scandal, the prologue of the drama of fraud, the
+roar of the elephant of passion, the slaughter-house of goodness,
+the tongue of Rahu for the moon of holiness. Nor see I any who has
+not been violently embraced by her while she was yet unknown to him,
+and whom she has not deceived. Truly, even in a picture she moves;
+even in a book she practises magic; even cut in a gem she deceives;
+even when heard she misleads; even when thought on she betrays.
+
+'"'When this wretched evil creature wins kings after great toil by
+the will of destiny, they become helpless, and the abode of every
+shameful deed. For at the very moment of coronation their graciousness
+is washed away as if by the auspicious water-jars; (214) their heart
+is darkened as by the smoke of the sacrificial fire; their patience is
+swept away as by the kuca brooms of the priest; their remembrance of
+advancing age is concealed as by the donning of the turban; the sight
+of the next world is kept afar as by the umbrella's circle; truth is
+removed as by the wind of the cowries; virtue is driven out as by the
+wands of office; the voices of the good are drowned as by cries of
+"All hail!" and glory is flouted as by the streamers of the banners.
+
+'"'For some kings are deceived by successes which are uncertain as the
+tremulous beaks of birds when loose from weariness, and which, though
+pleasant for a moment as a firefly's flash, are contemned by the wise;
+they forget their origin in the pride of amassing a little wealth,
+and are troubled by the onrush of passion as by a blood-poisoning
+brought on by accumulated diseases; they are tortured by the senses,
+which though but five, in their eagerness to taste every pleasure,
+turn to a thousand; they are bewildered by the mind, which, in
+native fickleness, follows its own impulses, and, being but one,
+gets the force of a hundred thousand in its changes. Thus they fall
+into utter helplessness. They are seized by demons, conquered by imps,
+(215) possessed by enchantments, held by monsters, mocked by the wind,
+swallowed by ogres. Pierced by the arrows of Kama, they make a thousand
+contortions; scorched by covetousness, they writhe; struck down by
+fierce blows, they sink down. [236] Like crabs, they sidle; like
+cripples, with steps broken by sin, they are led helpless by others;
+like stammerers from former sins of falsehood, they can scarce babble;
+like saptacchada [237] trees, they produce headache in those near them;
+like dying men, they know not even their kin; like purblind [238] men,
+they cannot see the brightest virtue; like men bitten in a fatal hour,
+they are not waked even by mighty charms; like lac-ornaments, they
+cannot endure strong heat; [239] like rogue elephants, being firmly
+fixed to the pillar of self-conceit, they refuse teaching; bewildered
+by the poison of covetousness, they see everything as golden; like
+arrows sharpened by polishing, [240] when in the hands of others they
+cause destruction; (216) with their rods [241] they strike down great
+families, like high-growing fruit; like untimely blossoms, though
+fair outwardly, they cause destruction; they are terrible of nature,
+like the ashes of a funeral pyre; like men with cataract, they can
+see no distance; like men possessed, they have their houses ruled by
+court jesters; when but heard of, they terrify, like funeral drums;
+when but thought of, like a resolve to commit mortal sin, they bring
+about great calamity; being daily filled with sin, they become wholly
+puffed up. In this state, having allied themselves to a hundred sins,
+they are like drops of water hanging on the tip of the grass on an
+anthill, and have fallen without perceiving it.
+
+'"'But others are deceived by rogues intent on their own
+ends, greedy of the flesh-pots of wealth, cranes of the palace
+lotus-beds! "Gambling," say these, "is a relaxation; adultery a sign
+of cleverness; hunting, exercise; drinking, delight; recklessness,
+heroism; neglect of a wife, freedom from infatuation; (217) contempt
+of a guru's words, a claim to others' submission; unruliness of
+servants, the ensuring of pleasant service; devotion to dance, song,
+music, and bad company, is knowledge of the world; hearkening to
+shameful crimes is greatness of mind; tame endurance of contempt is
+patience; self-will is lordship; disregard of the gods is high spirit;
+the praise of bards is glory; restlessness is enterprise; lack of
+discernment is impartiality." Thus are kings deceived with more than
+mortal praises by men ready to raise faults to the grade of virtues,
+practised in deception, laughing in their hearts, utterly villainous;
+and thus these monarchs, by reason of their senselessness, have their
+minds intoxicated by the pride of wealth, and have a settled false
+conceit in them that these things are really so; though subject to
+mortal conditions, they look on themselves as having alighted on
+earth as divine beings with a superhuman destiny; they employ a pomp
+in their undertakings only fit for gods (218) and win the contempt
+of all mankind. They welcome this deception of themselves by their
+followers. From the delusion as to their own divinity established in
+their minds, they are overthrown by false ideas, and they think their
+own pair of arms have received another pair; [242] they imagine their
+forehead has a third eye buried in the skin. [243] They consider the
+sight of themselves a favour; they esteem their glance a benefit; they
+regard their words as a present; they hold their command a glorious
+boon; they deem their touch a purification. Weighed down by the
+pride of their false greatness, they neither do homage to the gods,
+nor reverence Brahmans, nor honour the honourable, nor salute those
+to whom salutes are due, nor address those who should be addressed,
+nor rise to greet their gurus. They laugh at the learned as losing
+in useless labour all the enjoyment of pleasure; they look on the
+teaching of the old as the wandering talk of dotage; they abuse the
+advice of their councillors as an insult to their own wisdom; they
+are wroth with the giver of good counsel.
+
+'"'At all events, the man they welcome, with whom they converse,
+whom they place by their side, advance, (219) take as companion of
+their pleasure and recipient of their gifts, choose as a friend,
+the man to whose voice they listen, on whom they rain favours, of
+whom they think highly, in whom they trust, is he who does nothing
+day and night but ceaselessly salute them, praise them as divine,
+and exalt their greatness.
+
+'"'What can we expect of those kings whose standard is a law of
+deceit, pitiless in the cruelty of its maxims; whose gurus are family
+priests, with natures made merciless by magic rites; whose teachers
+are councillors skilled to deceive others; whose hearts are set on a
+power that hundreds of kings before them have gained and lost; whose
+skill in weapons is only to inflict death; whose brothers, tender as
+their hearts may be with natural affection, are only to be slaughtered.
+
+'"'Therefore, my Prince, in this post of empire which is terrible in
+the hundreds of evil and perverse impulses which attend it, and in this
+season of youth which leads to utter infatuation, thou must strive
+earnestly not to be scorned by thy people, nor blamed by the good,
+nor cursed by thy gurus, nor reproached by thy friends, nor grieved
+over by the wise. Strive, too, that thou be not exposed by knaves,
+(220) deceived by sharpers, preyed upon by villains, torn to pieces
+by wolvish courtiers, misled by rascals, deluded by women, cheated by
+fortune, led a wild dance by pride, maddened by desire, assailed by the
+things of sense, dragged headlong by passion, carried away by pleasure.
+
+'"'Granted that by nature thou art steadfast, and that by thy father's
+care thou art trained in goodness, and moreover, that wealth only
+intoxicates the light of nature, and the thoughtless, yet my very
+delight in thy virtues makes me speak thus at length.
+
+'"'Let this saying be ever ringing in thine ears: There is none so
+wise, so prudent, so magnanimous, so gracious, so steadfast, and
+so earnest, that the shameless wretch Fortune cannot grind him to
+powder. Yet now mayest thou enjoy the consecration of thy youth to
+kinghood by thy father under happy auspices. Bear the yoke handed down
+to thee that thy forefathers have borne. Bow the heads of thy foes;
+raise the host of thy friends; after thy coronation wander round the
+world for conquest; and bring under thy sway the earth with its seven
+continents subdued of yore by thy father.
+
+'"'This is the time to crown thyself with glory. (221) A glorious
+king has his commands fulfilled as swiftly as a great ascetic.'
+
+'"Having said thus much, he was silent, and by his words Candrapida
+was, as it were, washed, wakened, purified, brightened, bedewed,
+anointed, adorned, cleansed, and made radiant, and with glad heart
+he returned after a short time to his own palace.
+
+'"Some days later, on an auspicious day, the king, surrounded by a
+thousand chiefs, raised aloft, with Cukanasa's help, the vessel of
+consecration, and himself anointed his son, while the rest of the
+rites were performed by the family priest. The water of consecration
+was brought from every sacred pool, river and ocean, encircled by
+every plant, fruit, earth, and gem, mingled with tears of joy, and
+purified by mantras. At that very moment, while the prince was yet wet
+with the water of consecration, royal glory passed on to him without
+leaving Tarapida, as a creeper still clasping its own tree passes
+to another. (222) Straightway he was anointed from head to foot by
+Vilasavati, attended by all the zenana, and full of tender love, with
+sweet sandal white as moonbeams. He was garlanded with fresh white
+flowers; decked [244] with lines of gorocana; adorned with an earring
+of durva grass; clad in two new silken robes with long fringes, white
+as the moon; bound with an amulet round his hand, tied by the family
+priest; and had his breast encircled by a pearl-necklace, like the
+circle of the Seven Rishis come down to see his coronation, strung
+on filaments from the lotus-pool of the royal fortune of young royalty.
+
+'"From the complete concealment of his body by wreaths of white flowers
+interwoven and hanging to his knees, soft as moonbeams, and from his
+wearing snowy robes he was like Narasimha, shaking his thick mane,
+[245] or like Kailasa, with its flowing streams, or Airavata, rough
+with the tangled lotus-fibres of the heavenly Ganges, or the Milky
+Ocean, all covered with flakes of bright foam.
+
+(223) '"Then his father himself for that time took the chamberlain's
+wand to make way for him, and he went to the hall of assembly and
+mounted the royal throne, like the moon on Meru's peak. Then, when he
+had received due homage from the kings, after a short pause the great
+drum that heralded his setting out on his triumphal course resounded
+deeply, under the stroke of golden drum-sticks. Its sound was as the
+noise of clouds gathering at the day of doom; or the ocean struck by
+Mandara; or the foundations of earth by the earthquakes that close an
+aeon; or a portent-cloud, with its flashes of lightning; or the hollow
+of hell by the blows of the snout of the Great Boar. And by its sound
+the spaces of the world were inflated, opened, separated, outspread,
+filled, turned sunwise, and deepened, and the bonds that held the
+sky were unloosed. The echo of it wandered through the three worlds;
+for it was embraced in the lower world by Cesha, with his thousand
+hoods raised and bristling in fear; it was challenged in space by the
+elephants of the quarters tossing their tusks in opposition; it was
+honoured with sunwise turns in the sky by the sun's steeds, tossing
+[246] their heads in their snort of terror; (224) it was wondrously
+answered on Kailasa's peak by Civa's bull, with a roar of joy in the
+belief that it was his master's loudest laugh; it was met in Meru by
+Airavata, with deep trumpeting; it was reverenced in the hall of the
+gods by Yama's bull, with his curved horns turned sideways in wrath
+at so strange a sound; and it was heard in terror by the guardian
+gods of the world.
+
+'"Then, at the roar of the drum, followed by an outcry of 'All
+hail!' from all sides, Candrapida came down from the throne, and
+with him went the glory of his foes. He left the hall of assembly,
+followed by a thousand chiefs, who rose hastily around him, strewing
+on all sides the large pearls that fell from the strings of their
+necklaces as they struck against each other, like rice sportively
+thrown as a good omen for their setting off to conquer the world. He
+showed like the coral-tree amid the white buds of the kalpa-trees;
+[247] or Airavata amid the elephants of the quarters bedewing him with
+water from their trunks; or heaven, with the firmament showering stars;
+or the rainy season with clouds ever pouring heavy drops.
+
+(225) '"Then an elephant was hastily brought by the mahout, adorned
+with all auspicious signs for the journey, and on the inner seat
+Patralekha was placed. The prince then mounted, and under the shade of
+an umbrella with a hundred wires enmeshed with pearls, beauteous as
+Kailasa standing on the arms of Ravana, and white as the whirlpools
+of the Milky Ocean under the tossing of the mountain, he started on
+his journey. And as he paused in his departure he saw the ten quarters
+tawny with the rich sunlight, surpassing molten lac, of the flashing
+crest-jewels of the kings who watched him with faces hidden behind the
+ramparts, as if the light were the fire of his own majesty, flashing
+forth after his coronation. He saw the earth bright as if with his own
+glow of loyalty when anointed as heir-apparent, and the sky crimson
+as with the flame that heralded the swift destruction of his foes,
+and daylight roseate as with lac-juice from the feet of the Lakshmi
+of earth coming to greet him.
+
+'"On the way hosts of kings, with their thousand elephants swaying
+in confusion, their umbrellas broken by the pressure of the crowd,
+their crest-jewels falling low as their diadems bent in homage, (226)
+their earrings hanging down, and the jewels falling on their cheeks,
+bowed low before him, as a trusted general recited their names. The
+elephant Gandhamadana followed the prince, pink with much red lead,
+dangling to the ground his ear-ornaments of pearls, having his head
+outlined with many a wreath of white flowers, like Meru with evening
+sunlight resting on it, the white stream of Ganges falling across it,
+and the spangled roughness of a bevy of stars on its peak. Before
+Candrapida went Indrayudha, led by his groom, perfumed with saffron
+and many-hued, with the flash of golden trappings on his limbs. And
+so the expedition slowly started towards the Eastern Quarter. [248]
+
+'"Then the whole army set forth with wondrous turmoil, with its forest
+of umbrellas stirred by the elephants' movements, like an ocean
+of destruction reflecting on its advancing waves a thousand moons,
+flooding the earth.
+
+(227) '"When the prince left his palace Vaicampayana performed every
+auspicious rite, and then, clothed in white, anointed with an ointment
+of white flowers, accompanied by a great host of powerful kings, shaded
+by a white umbrella, followed close on the prince, mounted on a swift
+elephant, like a second Crown Prince, and drew near to him like the
+moon to the sun. Straightway the earth heard on all sides the cry:
+'The Crown Prince has started!' and shook with the weight of the
+advancing army.
+
+(228) '"In an instant the earth seemed as it were made of horses;
+the horizon, of elephants; the atmosphere, of umbrellas; the sky,
+of forests of pennons; the wind, of the scent of ichor; the human
+race, of kings; the eye, of the rays of jewels; the day, of crests;
+the universe, of cries of 'All hail!'
+
+(228-234 condensed) '"The dust rose at the advance of the army like
+a herd of elephants to tear up the lotuses of the sunbeams, or a
+veil to cover the Lakshmi of the three worlds. Day became earthy;
+the quarters were modelled in clay; the sky was, as it were, resolved
+in dust, and the whole universe appeared to consist of but one element.
+
+(234) '"When the horizon became clear again, Vaicampayana, looking at
+the mighty host which seemed to rise from the ocean, was filled with
+wonder, and, turning his glance on every side, said to Candrapida:
+'What, prince, has been left unconquered by the mighty King
+Tarapida, for thee to conquer? What regions unsubdued, for thee
+to subdue? (235) What fortresses untaken, for thee to take? What
+continents unappropriated, for thee to appropriate? What treasures
+ungained, for thee to gain? What kings have not been humbled? By whom
+have the raised hands of salutation, soft as young lotuses, not been
+placed on the head? By whose brows, encircled with golden bands,
+have the floors of his halls not been polished? Whose crest-jewels
+have not scraped his footstool? Who have not accepted his staff of
+office? Who have not waved his cowries? Who have not raised the cry of
+"Hail!"? Who have not drunk in with the crocodiles of their crests,
+the radiance of his feet, like pure streams? For all these princes,
+though they are imbued with the pride of armies, ready in their rough
+play to plunge into the four oceans; though they are the peers of
+the great kings Dacaratha, Bhagiratha, Bharata, Dilipa, Alarka, and
+Mandhatri; though they are anointed princes, soma-drinkers, haughty in
+the pride of birth, yet they bear on the sprays of crests purified with
+the shower of the water of consecration the dust of thy feet of happy
+omen, like an amulet of ashes. By them as by fresh noble mountains,
+the earth is upheld. These their armies that have entered the heart of
+the ten regions follow thee alone. (236) For lo! wherever thy glance
+is cast, hell seems to vomit forth armies, the earth to bear them, the
+quarters to discharge them, the sky to rain them, the day to create
+them. And methinks the earth, trampled by the weight of boundless
+hosts, recalls to-day the confusion of the battles of the Mahabharata.
+
+'"'Here the sun wanders in the groves of pennons, with his orb
+stumbling over their tops, as if he were trying, out of curiosity,
+to count the banners. The earth is ceaselessly submerged under
+ichor sweet as cardamons, and flowing like a plait of hair, from the
+elephants who scatter it all round, and thick, too, with the murmur
+of the bees settling on it, so that it shines as if filled with the
+waves of Yamuna. The lines of moon-white flags hide the horizon, like
+rivers that in fear of being made turbid by the heavy host have fled
+to the sky. It is a wonder that the earth has not to-day been split
+into a thousand pieces by the weight of the army; and that the bonds
+of its joints, the noble mountains, are not burst asunder; and that
+the hoods of Cesha, the lord of serpents, in distress at the burden
+of earth pressed down under the load of troops, do not give way.'
+
+(237) '"While he was thus speaking, the prince reached his palace. It
+was adorned with many lofty triumphal arches; dotted with a thousand
+pavilions enclosed in grassy ramparts, and bright with many a tent
+of shining white cloth. Here he dismounted, and performed in kingly
+wise all due rites; and though the kings and ministers who had come
+together sought to divert him with various tales, he spent the rest
+of the day in sorrow, for his heart was tortured with bitter grief for
+his fresh separation from his father. When day was brought to a close
+he passed the night, too, mostly in sleeplessness, with Vaicampayana
+resting on a couch not far from his own, and Patralekha sleeping hard
+by on a blanket placed on the ground; his talk was now of his father,
+now of his mother, now of Cukanasa, and he rested but little. At dawn
+he arose, and with an army that grew at every march, as it advanced
+in unchanged order, he hollowed the earth, shook the mountains, dried
+the rivers, emptied the lakes, (238) crushed the woods to powder,
+levelled the crooked places, tore down the fortresses, filled up the
+hollows, and hollowed the solid ground.
+
+'"By degrees, as he wandered at will, he bowed the haughty, exalted
+the humble, encouraged the fearful, protected the suppliant, rooted
+out the vicious, and drove out the hostile. He anointed princes in
+different places, gathered treasures, accepted gifts, took tribute,
+taught local regulations, established monuments of his visit,
+made hymns of worship, and inscribed edicts. He honoured Brahmans,
+reverenced saints, protected hermitages, and showed a prowess that won
+his people's love. He exalted his majesty, heaped up his glory, showed
+his virtues far and wide, and won renown for his good deeds. Thus
+trampling down the woods on the shore, and turning the whole expanse
+of ocean to gray with the dust of his army, he wandered over the earth.
+
+'"The East was his first conquest, then the Southern Quarter, marked
+by Tricanku, then the Western Quarter, which has Varuna for its sign,
+and immediately afterwards the Northern Quarter adorned by the Seven
+Rishis. Within the three years that he roamed over the world he had
+subdued the whole earth, with its continents, bounded only by the
+moat of four oceans.
+
+(239) '"He then, wandering sunwise, conquered and occupied Suvarnapura,
+not far from the Eastern Ocean, the abode of those Kiratas who dwell
+near Kailasa, and are called Hemajakutas, and as his army was weary
+from its worldwide wandering, he encamped there for a few days to rest.
+
+'"One day during his sojourn there he mounted Indrayudha to hunt, and
+as he roamed through the wood he beheld a pair of Kinnaras wandering
+down at will from the mountains. Wondering at the strange sight,
+and eager to take them, he brought up his horse respectfully near
+them and approached them. But they hurried on, fearing the unknown
+sight of a man, and fleeing from him, while he pursued them, doubling
+Indrayudha's speed by frequent pats on his neck, and went on alone,
+leaving his army far behind. Led on by the idea that he was just
+catching them, he was borne in an instant fifteen leagues from his
+own quarters by Indrayudha's speed as it were at one bound, and was
+left companionless. (240) The pair of Kinnaras he was pursuing were
+climbing a steep hill in front of him. He at length turned away his
+glance, which was following their progress, and, checked by the
+steepness of the ascent, reined in Indrayudha. Then, seeing that
+both his horse and himself were tired and heated by their toils,
+he considered for a moment, and laughed at himself as he thought:
+'Why have I thus wearied myself for nothing, like a child? What
+matters it whether I catch the pair of Kinnaras or not? If caught,
+what is the good? if missed, what is the harm? What a folly this is
+of mine! What a love of busying myself in any trifle! What a passion
+for aimless toil! What a clinging to childish pleasure! The good
+work I was doing has been begun in vain. The needful rite I had begun
+has been rendered fruitless. The duty of friendship I undertook has
+not been performed. The royal office I was employed in has not been
+fulfilled. The great task I had entered on has not been completed. My
+earnest labour in a worthy ambition has been brought to nought. Why
+have I been so mad as to leave my followers behind and come so
+far? (241) and why have I earned for myself the ridicule I should
+bestow on another, when I think how aimlessly I have followed these
+monsters with their horses' heads? I know not how far off is the army
+that follows me. For the swiftness of Indrayudha traverses a vast
+space in a moment, and his speed prevented my noticing as I came by
+what path I should turn back, for my eyes were fixed on the Kinnaras;
+and now I am in a great forest, spread underfoot with dry leaves,
+with a dense growth of creepers, underwood, and branching trees. Roam
+as I may here I cannot light on any mortal who can show me the way
+to Suvarnapura. I have often heard that Suvarnapura is the farthest
+bound of earth to the north, and that beyond it lies a supernatural
+forest, and beyond that again is Kailasa. This then is Kailasa; so
+I must turn back now, and resolutely seek to make my way unaided to
+the south. For a man must bear the fruit of his own faults.'
+
+'"With this purpose he shook the reins in his left hand, and turned
+the horse's head. Then he again reflected: (242) 'The blessed sun
+with glowing light now adorns the south, as if he were the zone-gem
+of the glory of day. Indrayudha is tired; I will just let him eat
+a few mouthfuls of grass, and then let him bathe and drink in some
+mountain rill or river; and when he is refreshed I will myself drink
+some water, and after resting a short time under the shade of a tree,
+I will set out again.'
+
+'"So thinking, constantly turning his eyes on every side for water, he
+wandered till at length he saw a track wet with masses of mud raised
+by the feet of a large troop of mountain elephants, who had lately
+come up from bathing in a lotus-pool. (243) Inferring thence that
+there was water near, he went straight on along the slope of Kailasa,
+the trees of which, closely crowded as they were, seemed, from their
+lack of boughs, to be far apart, for they were mostly pines, cal, and
+gum olibanum trees, and were lofty, and like a circle of umbrellas,
+to be gazed at with upraised head. There was thick yellow sand,
+and by reason of the stony soil the grass and shrubs were but scanty.
+
+(244) '"At length he beheld, on the north-east of Kailasa, a very
+lofty clump of trees, rising like a mass of clouds, heavy with its
+weight of rain, and massed as if with the darkness of a night in the
+dark fortnight.
+
+'"The wind from the waves, soft as sandal, dewy, cool from passing
+over the water, aromatic with flowers, met him, and seemed to woo him;
+and the cries of kalahamsas drunk with lotus-honey, charming his ear,
+summoned him to enter. So he went into that clump, and in its midst
+beheld the Acchoda Lake, as if it were the mirror of the Lakshmi of the
+three worlds, the crystal chamber of the goddess of earth, the path
+by which the waters of ocean escape, the oozing of the quarters, the
+avatar of part of the sky, Kailasa taught to flow, Himavat liquefied,
+moonlight melted, Civa's smile turned to water, (245) the merit of
+the three worlds abiding in the shape of a lake, a range of hills of
+lapis lazuli changed into water, or a mass of autumn clouds poured
+down in one spot. From its clearness it might be Varuna's mirror;
+it seemed to be fashioned of the hearts of ascetics, the virtues of
+good men, the bright eyes of deer, or the rays of pearls.
+
+(247) '"Like the person of a great man, it showed clearly the
+signs of fish, crocodile, tortoise, and cakra; [249] like the
+story of Kartikeya, the lamentations of the wives of Kraunca [250]
+resounded in it; it was shaken by the wings of white Dhartarashtras,
+as the Mahabharata by the rivalry of Pandavas and Dhartarashtras;
+and the drinking of poison by Civa was represented by the drinking
+of its water by peacocks, as if it were the time of the churning of
+ocean. It was fair, like a god, with a gaze that never wavers. (248)
+Like a futile argument, it seemed to have no end; and was a lake most
+fair and gladdening to the eyes.
+
+'"The very sight of it seemed to remove Candrapida's weariness,
+and as he gazed he thought:
+
+'"'Though my pursuit of the horse-faced pair was fruitless, yet now
+that I see this lake it has gained its reward. My eyes' reward in
+beholding all that is to be seen has now been won, the furthest point
+of all fair things seen, the limit of all that gladdens us gazed upon,
+the boundary line of all that charms us descried, the perfection of all
+that causes joy made manifest, and the vanishing-point of all worthy
+of sight beheld. (249) By creating this lake water, sweet as nectar,
+the Creator has made his own labour of creation superfluous. For this,
+too, like the nectar that gladdens all the senses, produces joy to
+the eye by its purity, offers the pleasure of touch by its coolness,
+gladdens the sense of smell by the fragrance of its lotuses, pleases
+the ear with the ceaseless murmur of its hamsas, and delights the
+taste with its sweetness. Truly it is from eagerness to behold this
+that Civa leaves not his infatuation for dwelling on Kailasa. Surely
+Krishna no longer follows his own natural desire as to a watery couch,
+for he sleeps on the ocean, with its water bitter with salt, and leaves
+this water sweet as nectar! Nor is this, in sooth, the primaeval lake;
+for the earth, when fearing the blows of the tusks of the boar of
+destruction, entered the ocean, all the waters of which were designed
+but to be a draught for Agastya; whereas, if it had plunged into this
+mighty lake, deep as many deep hells, it could not have been reached,
+I say not by one, but not even by a thousand boars. (250) Verily it
+is from this lake that the clouds of doom at the seasons of final
+destruction draw little by little their water when they overwhelm the
+interstices of the universe, and darken all the quarters with their
+destroying storm. And methinks that the world, Brahma's egg, which in
+the beginning of creation was made of water, was massed together and
+placed here under the guise of a lake.' So thinking, he reached the
+south bank, dismounted and took off Indrayudha's harness; (251) and
+the latter rolled on the ground, arose, ate some mouthfuls of grass,
+and then the prince took him down to the lake, and let him drink and
+bathe at will. After that, the prince took off his bridle, bound two
+of his feet by a golden chain to the lower bough of a tree hard by,
+and, cutting off with his dagger some durva grass from the bank of
+the lake, threw it before the horse, and went back himself to the
+water. He washed his hands, and feasted, like the cataka, on water;
+like the cakravaka, he tasted pieces of lotus-fibre; like the moon
+with its beams, he touched the moon-lotuses with his finger-tips;
+like a snake, he welcomed the breeze of the waves; [251] like one
+wounded with Love's arrows, he placed a covering of lotus-leaves on
+his breast; like a mountain elephant, when the tip of his trunk is wet
+with spray, he adorned his hands with spray-washed lotuses. Then with
+dewy lotus-leaves, with freshly-broken fibres, he made a couch on a
+rock embowered in creepers, and rolling up his cloak for a pillow,
+lay down to sleep. After a short rest, he heard on the north bank
+of the lake a sweet sound of unearthly music, borne on the ear, and
+blent with the chords of the vina. (252) Indrayudha heard it first,
+and letting fall the grass he was eating, with ears fixed and neck
+arched, turned towards the voice. The prince, as he heard it, rose
+from his lotus-couch in curiosity to see whence this song could arise
+in a place deserted by men, and cast his glance towards the region;
+but, from the great distance, he was unable, though he strained his
+eyes to the utmost, to discern anything, although he ceaselessly
+heard the sound. Desiring in his eagerness to know its source,
+he determined to depart, and saddling and mounting Indrayudha, he
+set forth by the western forest path, making the song his goal; the
+deer, albeit unasked, were his guides, as they rushed on in front,
+delighting in the music. [252]
+
+(253-256 condensed) '"Welcomed by the breezes of Kailasa, he went
+towards that spot, which was surrounded by trees on all sides, and
+at the foot of the slope of Kailasa, on the left bank of the lake,
+called Candraprabha, which whitened the whole region with a splendour
+as of moonlight, he beheld an empty temple of Civa.
+
+(257) '"As he entered the temple he was whitened by the falling on
+him of ketaki pollen, tossed by the wind, as if for the sake of seeing
+Civa he had been forcibly made to perform a vow of putting on ashes,
+or as if he were robed in the pure merits of entering the temple;
+and, in a crystal shrine resting on four pillars, he beheld Civa, the
+four-faced, teacher of the world, the god whose feet are honoured by
+the universe, with his emblem, the linga, made of pure pearl. Homage
+had been paid to the deity by shining lotuses of the heavenly Ganges,
+that might be mistaken for crests of pearls, freshly-plucked and wet,
+with drops falling from the ends of their leaves, like fragments of
+the moon's disc split and set upright, or like parts of Civa's own
+smile, or scraps of Cesha's hood, or brothers of Krishna's conch,
+or the heart of the Milky Ocean.
+
+(258) '"But, seated in a posture of meditation, to the right of the
+god, facing him, Candrapida beheld a maiden vowed to the service of
+Civa, who turned the region with its mountains and woods to ivory by
+the brightness of her beauty. For its lustre shone far, spreading
+through space, white as the tide of the Milky Ocean, overwhelming
+all things at the day of doom, or like a store of penance gathered
+in long years and flowing out, streaming forth massed together
+like Ganges between the trees, giving a fresh whiteness to Kailasa,
+and purifying the gazer's soul, though it but entered his eye. The
+exceeding whiteness of her form concealed her limbs as though she had
+entered a crystal shrine, or had plunged into a sea of milk, or were
+hidden in spotless silk, or were caught on the surface of a mirror,
+or were veiled in autumn clouds. She seemed to be fashioned from the
+quintessence of whiteness, without the bevy of helps for the creation
+of the body that consist of matter formed of the five gross elements.
+
+(259) She was like sacrifice impersonate, come to worship Civa, in
+fear of being seized by the unworthy; or Rati, undertaking a rite
+of propitiation to conciliate him, for the sake of Kama's body;
+or Lakshmi, goddess of the Milky Ocean, longing for a digit of
+Civa's moon, her familiar friend of yore when they dwelt together
+in the deep; or the embodied moon seeking Civa's protection from
+Rahu; or the beauty of Airavata, [253] come to fulfil Civa's wish
+to wear an elephant's skin; or the brightness of the smile on the
+right face of Civa become manifest and taking a separate abode; or
+the white ash with which Civa besprinkles himself, in bodily shape;
+or moonlight made manifest to dispel the darkness of Civa's neck;
+or the embodied purity of Gauri's mind; or the impersonate chastity
+of Kartikeya; or the brightness of Civa's bull, dwelling apart from
+his body; (260) or the wealth of flowers on the temple trees come of
+themselves to worship Civa; or the fulness of Brahma's penance come
+down to earth; or the glory of the Prajapatis of the Golden Age,
+resting after the fatigue of wandering through the seven worlds;
+or the Three Vedas, dwelling in the woods in grief at the overthrow
+of righteousness in the Kali Age; or the germ of a future Golden Age,
+in the form of a maiden; or the fulness of a muni's contemplation, in
+human shape; or a troop of heavenly elephants, falling into confusion
+on reaching the heavenly Ganges; or the beauty of Kailasa, fallen in
+dread of being uprooted by Ravana; or the Lakshmi of the Cvetadvipa
+[254] come to behold another continent; or the grace of an opening
+kaca-blossom looking for the autumn; or the brightness of Cesha's
+body leaving hell and come to earth; or the brilliance of Balarama,
+which had left him in weariness of his intoxication; or a succession
+of bright fortnights massed together.
+
+'"She seemed from her whiteness to have taken a share from all the
+hamsas; (261) or to have come from the heart of righteousness; or to
+have been fashioned from a shell; or drawn from a pearl; or formed
+from lotus-fibres; or made of flakes of ivory; or purified by brushes
+of moonbeams; or inlaid with lime; or whitened with foam-balls of
+ambrosia; or laved in streams of quicksilver; or rubbed with melted
+silver; or dug out from the moon's orb; or decked with the hues of
+kutaja, jasmine, and sinduvara flowers. She seemed, in truth, to be
+the very furthest bound of whiteness. Her head was bright with matted
+locks hanging on her shoulders, made, as it were, of the brightness of
+morning rays taken from the sun on the Eastern Mountain, tawny like
+the quivering splendour of flashing lightning, and, being wet from
+recent bathing, marked with the dust of Civa's feet clasped in her
+devotion; she bore Civa's feet marked with his name in jewels on her
+head, fastened with a band of hair; (262) and her brow had a sectarial
+mark of ashes pure as the dust of stars ground by the heels of the
+sun's horses. (266) She was a goddess, and her age could not be known
+by earthly reckoning, but she resembled a maiden of eighteen summers.
+
+'"Having beheld her, Candrapida dismounted, tied his horse to a
+bough, and then, reverently bowing before the blessed Civa, gazed
+again on that heavenly maiden with a steady unswerving glance. And
+as her beauty, grace, and serenity stirred his wonder, the thought
+arose in him: 'How in this world each matter in its turn becomes of
+no value! For when I was pursuing the pair of Kinnaras wantonly and
+vainly I beheld this most beautiful place, inaccessible to men, and
+haunted by the immortals. (267) Then in my search for water I saw
+this delightful lake sought by the Siddhas. While I rested on its
+bank I heard a divine song; and as I followed the sound, this divine
+maiden, too fair for mortal sight, met my eyes. For I cannot doubt
+her divinity. Her very beauty proclaims her a goddess. And whence
+in the world of men could there arise such harmonies of heavenly
+minstrelsy? If, therefore, she vanishes not from my sight, nor mounts
+the summit of Kailasa, nor flies to the sky, I will draw near and ask
+her, "Who art thou, and what is thy name, and why hast thou in the
+dawn of life undertaken this vow?" This is all full of wonder.' With
+this resolve he approached another pillar of the crystal shrine,
+and sat there, awaiting the end of the song.
+
+'"Then when she had stilled her lute, like a moon-lotus bed when
+the pleasant hum of the bees is silenced, (268) the maiden rose,
+made a sunwise turn and an obeisance to Civa, and then turning round,
+with a glance by nature clear, and by the power of penance confident,
+she, as it were, gave courage to Candrapida, as if thereby she were
+sprinkling him with merits, laving him with holy water, purifying him
+with penance, freeing him from stain, giving him his heart's desire,
+and leading him to purity.
+
+'"'Hail to my guest!' said she. 'How has my lord reached this
+place? Rise, draw near, and receive a guest's due welcome.' So she
+spake; and he, deeming himself honoured even by her deigning to speak
+with him, reverently arose and bowed before her. 'As thou biddest,
+lady,' he replied, and showed his courtesy by following in her steps
+like a pupil. And on the way he thought: 'Lo, even when she beheld me
+she did not vanish! Truly a hope of asking her questions has taken hold
+of my heart. And when I see the courteous welcome, rich in kindness,
+of this maiden, fair though she be with a beauty rare in ascetics,
+I surely trust that at my petition she will tell me all her story.'
+
+(269) '"Having gone about a hundred paces, he beheld a cave, with
+its entrance veiled by dense tamalas, showing even by day a night of
+their own; its edge was vocal with the glad bees' deep murmur on the
+bowers of creepers with their opening blossoms; it was bedewed with
+torrents that in their sheer descent fell in foam, dashing against
+the white rock, and cleft by the axe-like points of the jagged
+cliff, with a shrill crash as the cold spray rose up and broke;
+it was like a mass of waving cowries hanging from a door, from the
+cascades streaming down on either side, white as Civa's smile, or as
+pearly frost. Within was a circle of jewelled pitchers; on one side
+hung a veil worn in sacred meditation; a clean pair of shoes made of
+cocoanut matting hung on a peg; one corner held a bark bed gray with
+dust scattered by the ashes the maiden wore; the place of honour was
+filled by a bowl of shell carved with a chisel, like the orb of the
+moon; and close by there stood a gourd of ashes.
+
+'"On the rock at the entrance Candrapida took his seat, and when the
+maiden, having laid her lute on the pillow of the bark bed, took in
+a leafy cup some water from the cascade to offer to her guest, and he
+said as she approached (270): 'Enough of these thy great toils. Cease
+this excess of grace. Be persuaded, lady. Let this too great honour
+be abandoned. The very sight of thee, like the aghamarshana hymn,
+stills all evil and sufficeth for purification. Deign to take thy
+seat!' Yet being urged by her, he reverently, with head bent low,
+accepted all the homage she gave to her guest. When her cares for
+her guest were over, she sat down on another rock, and after a short
+silence he told, at her request, the whole story of his coming in
+pursuit of the pair of Kinnaras, beginning with his expedition of
+conquest. The maiden then rose, and, taking a begging bowl, wandered
+among the trees round the temple; and ere long her bowl was filled
+with fruits that had fallen of their own accord. As she invited
+Candrapida to the enjoyment of them, the thought arose in his heart:
+'Of a truth, there is nought beyond the power of penance. For it is
+a great marvel how the lords of the forest, albeit devoid of sense,
+yet, like beings endowed with sense, gain honour for themselves by
+casting down their fruits for this maiden. A wondrous sight is this,
+and one never seen before.'
+
+'"So, marvelling yet more, he brought Indrayudha to that spot,
+unsaddled him, and tied him up hard by. (271) Then, having bathed in
+the torrent, he partook of the fruits, sweet as ambrosia, and drank
+the cool water of the cascade, and having rinsed his mouth, he waited
+apart while the maiden enjoyed her repast of water, roots, and fruit.
+
+'"When her meal was ended and she had said her evening prayer, and
+taken her seat fearlessly on the rock, the Prince quietly approached
+her, and sitting down near her, paused awhile and then respectfully
+said:
+
+'"'Lady, the folly that besets mankind impels me even against my
+will to question thee, for I am bewildered by a curiosity that has
+taken courage from thy kindness. For even the slightest grace of
+a lord emboldens a weak nature: even a short time spent together
+creates intimacy. Even a slight acceptance of homage produces
+affection. Therefore, if it weary thee not, I pray thee to honour me
+with thy story. For from my first sight of thee a great eagerness has
+possessed me as to this matter. Is the race honoured by thy birth,
+lady, that of the Maruts, or Rishis, or Gandharvas, or Guhyakas,
+or Apsarases? And wherefore in thy fresh youth, tender as a flower,
+has this vow been taken? (272) For how far apart would seem thy youth,
+thy beauty, and thine exceeding grace, from this thy peace from all
+thoughts of earth! This is marvellous in mine eyes! And wherefore
+hast thou left the heavenly hermitages that gods may win, and that
+hold all things needful for the highest saints, to dwell alone in
+this deserted wood? And whereby hath thy body, though formed of the
+five gross elements, put on this pure whiteness? Never have I heard
+or seen aught such as this. I pray thee dispel my curiosity, and tell
+me all I ask.'
+
+'"For a little time she pondered his request in silence, and then she
+began to weep noiselessly, and her eyes were blinded by tears which
+fell in large drops, carrying with them the purity of her heart,
+showering down the innocence of her senses, distilling the essence
+of asceticism, dropping in a liquid form the brightness of her eyes,
+most pure, falling on her white cheeks like a broken string of pearls,
+unceasing, splashing on her bosom covered by the bark robe.
+
+(273) '"And as he beheld her weeping Candrapida reflected: 'How hardly
+can misfortune be warded off, if it takes for its own a beauty like
+this, which one might have deemed beyond its might! Of a truth there
+is none whom the sorrows of life in the body leave untouched. Strong
+indeed is the working of the opposed powers of pleasure and pain. [255]
+These her tears have created in me a further curiosity, even greater
+than before. It is no slight grief that can take its abode in a
+form like hers. For it is not a feeble blow that causes the earth
+to tremble.'
+
+'"While his curiosity was thus increased he felt himself guilty of
+recalling her grief, and rising, brought in his folded hand from the
+torrent some water to bathe her face. But she, though the torrent of
+her tears was in nowise checked by his gentleness, yet bathed her
+reddened eyes, and drying her face with the edge of her bark robe,
+slowly said with a long and bitter sigh:
+
+(274) '"'Wherefore, Prince, wilt thou hear the story of my ascetic
+life, all unfit for thy ears? for cruel has been my heart, hard my
+destiny, and evil my condition, even from my birth. Still, if thy
+desire to know be great, hearken. It has come within the range of
+our hearing, usually directed to auspicious knowledge, that there
+are in the abode of the gods maidens called Apsarases. Of these
+there are fourteen families: one sprung from the mind of Brahma,
+another from the Vedas, another from fire, another from the wind,
+another from nectar when it was churned, another from water, another
+from the sun's rays, another from the moon's beams, another from
+earth, and another from lightning; one was fashioned by Death, and
+another created by Love; besides, Daksha, father of all, had among
+his many daughters two, Muni and Arishta, and from their union with
+the Gandharvas were sprung the other two families. These are, in sum,
+the fourteen races. But from the Gandharvas and the daughters of
+Daksha sprang these two families. Here Muni bore a sixteenth son, by
+name Citraratha, who excelled in virtues Sena and all the rest of his
+fifteen brothers. For his heroism was famed through the three worlds;
+his dignity was increased by the name of Friend, bestowed by Indra,
+whose lotus feet are caressed by the crests of the gods cast down
+before him; and even in childhood he gained the sovereignty of all the
+Gandharvas by a right arm tinged with the flashing of his sword. (275)
+Not far hence, north of the land of Bharata, is his dwelling, Hemakuta,
+a boundary mountain in the Kimpurusha country. There, protected by
+his arm, dwell innumerable Gandharvas. By him this pleasant wood,
+Caitraratha, was made, this great lake Acchoda was dug out, and this
+image of Civa was fashioned. But the son of Arishta, in the second
+Gandharva family, was as a child anointed king by Citraratha, lord of
+the Gandharvas, and now holds royal rank, and with a countless retinue
+of Gandharvas dwells likewise on this mountain. Now, from that family
+of Apsarases which sprang from the moon's nectar was born a maiden,
+fashioned as though by the grace of all the moon's digits poured in
+one stream, gladdening the eyes of the universe, moonbeam-fair, in
+name and nature a second Gauri. [256] (276) Her Hamsa, lord of the
+second family, wooed, as the Milky Ocean the Ganges; with him she
+was united, as Rati with Kama, or the lotus-bed with the autumn;
+and enjoying the great happiness of such a union she became the
+queen of his zenana. To this noble pair I was born as only daughter,
+ill-omened, a prey for grief, and a vessel for countless sorrows;
+my father, however, having no other child, greeted my birth with a
+great festival, surpassing that for a son, and on the tenth day, with
+the customary rites he gave me the fitting name of Mahacveta. In his
+palace I spent my childhood, passed from lap to lap of the Gandharva
+dames, like a lute, as I murmured the prattle of babyhood, ignorant as
+yet of the sorrows of love; but in time fresh youth came to me as the
+honey-month to the spring, fresh shoots to the honey-month, flowers
+to the fresh shoots, bees to the flowers, and honey to the bees.
+
+'"' [257]And one day in the month of honey I went down with my mother
+to the Acchoda lake to bathe, when its beauties were spread wide in
+the spring, and all its lotuses were in flower.
+
+(278) '"'I worshipped the pictures of Civa, attended by Bringiriti,
+which were carved on the rocks of the bank by Parvati when she came
+down to bathe, and which had the reverential attendance of ascetics
+portrayed by the thin footprints left in the dust. "How beautiful!" I
+cried, "is this bower of creepers, with its clusters of flowers of
+which the bees' weight has broken the centre and bowed the filaments;
+this mango is fully in flower, and the honey pours through the holes in
+the stalks of its buds, which the cuckoo's sharp claws have pierced;
+how cool this sandal avenue, which the serpents, terrified at the
+murmur of hosts of wild peacocks, have deserted; how delightful the
+waving creepers, which betray by their fallen blossoms the swinging of
+the wood-nymphs upon them; how pleasant the foot of the trees on the
+bank where the kalahamsas have left the line of their steps imprinted
+in the pollen of many a flower!" Drawn on thus by the ever-growing
+charms of the wood, I wandered with my companions. (279) And at a
+certain spot I smelt the fragrance of a flower strongly borne on the
+wind, overpowering that of all the rest, though the wood was in full
+blossom; it drew near, and by its great sweetness seemed to anoint, to
+delight, and to fill the sense of smell. Bees followed it, seeking to
+make it their own: it was truly a perfume unknown heretofore, and fit
+for the gods. I, too, eager to learn whence it came, with eyes turned
+into buds, and drawn on like a bee by that scent, and attracting to
+me the kalahamsas of the lake by the jangling of my anklets loudly
+clashed in the tremulous speed of my curiosity, advanced a few steps
+and beheld a graceful youthful ascetic coming down to bathe. He was
+like Spring doing penance in grief for Love made the fuel of Civa's
+fire, or the crescent on Civa's brow performing a vow to win a full
+orb, or Love restrained in his eagerness to conquer Civa: by his great
+splendour he appeared to be girt by a cage of quivering lightning,
+embosomed in the globe of the summer sun, or encircled in the flames
+of a furnace: (280) by the brightness of his form, flashing forth ever
+more and more, yellow as lamplight, he made the grove a tawny gold;
+his locks were yellow and soft like an amulet dyed in gorocana. The
+line of ashes on his brow made him like Ganges with the line of a
+fresh sandbank, as though it were a sandal-mark to win Sarasvati,
+[258] and played the part of a banner of holiness; his eyebrows were
+an arch rising high over the abode of men's curses; his eyes were
+so long that he seemed to wear them as a chaplet; he shared with
+the deer the beauty of their glance; his nose was long and aquiline;
+the citron of his lower lip was rosy as with the glow of youth, which
+was refused an entrance to his heart; with his beardless cheek he was
+like a fresh lotus, the filaments of which have not yet been tossed
+by the bees in their sport; he was adorned with a sacrificial thread
+like the bent string of Love's bow, or a filament from the lotus grove
+of the pool of penance; in one hand he bore a pitcher like a kesara
+fruit with its stalk; in the other a crystal rosary, strung as it were
+with the tears of Rati wailing in grief for Love's death. (281) His
+loins were girt with a munja-grass girdle, as though he had assumed
+a halo, having outvied the sun by his innate splendour; the office
+of vesture was performed by the bark of the heavenly coral-tree,
+[259] bright as the pink eyelid of an old partridge, and washed in
+the waves of the heavenly Ganges; he was the ornament of ascetic
+life, the youthful grace of holiness, the delight of Sarasvati, the
+chosen lord of all the sciences, and the meeting-place of all divine
+tradition. He had, like the summer season, [260] his ashadha [261];
+he had, like a winter wood, the brightness of opening millet, and he
+had like the month of honey, a face adorned with white tilaka. [262]
+With him there was a youthful ascetic gathering flowers to worship
+the gods, his equal in age and a friend worthy of himself.
+
+(282) '"'Then I saw a wondrous spray of flowers which decked his ear,
+like the bright smile of woodland Cri joying in the sight of spring,
+or the grain-offering of the honey-month welcoming the Malaya winds, or
+the youth of the Lakshmi of flowers, or the cowrie that adorns Love's
+elephant; it was wooed by the bees; the Pleiads lent it their grace;
+and its honey was nectar. "Surely," I decided, "this is the fragrance
+which makes all other flowers scentless," and gazing at the youthful
+ascetic, the thought arose in my mind: "Ah, how lavish is the Creator
+who has skill [263] to produce the highest perfection of form, for he
+has compounded Kama of all miraculous beauty, excelling the universe,
+and yet has created this ascetic even more fair, surpassing him, like a
+second love-god, born of enchantment. (283) Methinks that when Brahma
+[264] made the moon's orb to gladden the world, and the lotuses to be
+Lakshmi's palace of delight, he was but practising to gain skill for
+the creation of this ascetic's face; why else should such things be
+created? Surely it is false that the sun with its ray Sushumna [265]
+drinks all the digits of the moon as it wanes in the dark fortnight,
+for their beams are cast down to enter this fair form. How otherwise
+could there be such grace in one who lives in weary penance, beauty's
+destroyer?" As I thus thought, Love, beauty's firm adherent, who knows
+not good from ill, and who is ever at hand to the young, enthralled
+me, together with my sighs, as the madness of spring takes captive
+the bee. Then with a right eye gazing steadily, the eyelashes half
+closed, the iris darkened by the pupil's tremulous sidelong glance,
+I looked long on him. With this glance I, as it were, drank him in,
+besought him, told him I was wholly his, offered my heart, tried
+to enter into him with my whole soul, sought to be absorbed in him,
+implored his protection to save Love's victim, showed my suppliant
+state that asked for a place in his heart; (284) and though I asked
+myself, "What is this shameful feeling that has arisen in me, unseemly
+and unworthy a noble maiden?" yet knowing this, I could not master
+myself, but with great difficulty stood firm, gazing at him. For
+I seemed to be paralyzed, or in a picture, or scattered abroad, or
+bound, or in a trance, and yet in wondrous wise upheld, as though
+when my limbs were failing, support was at the same moment given;
+for I know not how one can be certain in a matter that can neither
+be told nor taught, and that is not capable of being told, for it
+is only learnt from within. Can it be ascertained as presented by
+his beauty, or by my own mind, or by love, or by youth or affection,
+or by any other causes? I cannot tell. Lifted up and dragged towards
+him by my senses, led forward by my heart, urged from behind by Love,
+I yet by a strong effort restrained my impulse. (285) Straightway
+a storm of sighs went forth unceasingly, prompted by Love as he
+strove to find a place within me; and my bosom heaved as longing to
+speak earnestly to my heart, and then I thought to myself: "What an
+unworthy action is this of vile Kama, who surrenders me to this cold
+ascetic free from all thoughts of love! Truly, the heart of woman
+is foolish exceedingly, since it cannot weigh the fitness of that
+which it loves. For what has this bright home of glory and penance
+to do with the stirrings of love that meaner men welcome? Surely
+in his heart he scorns me for being thus deceived by Kama! Strange
+it is that I who know this cannot restrain my feeling! (286) Other
+maidens, indeed, laying shame aside, have of their own accord gone
+to their lords; others have been maddened by that reckless love-god;
+but not as I am here alone! How in that one moment has my heart been
+thrown into turmoil by the mere sight of his form, and passed from my
+control! for time for knowledge and good qualities always make Love
+invincible. It is best for me to leave this place while I yet have
+my senses, and while he does not clearly see this my hateful folly
+of love. Perchance if he sees in me the effects of a love he cannot
+approve, he will in wrath make me feel his curse. For ascetics are
+ever prone to wrath." Thus having resolved, I was eager to depart,
+but, remembering that holy men should be reverenced by all, I made an
+obeisance to him with eyes turned to his face, eyelashes motionless,
+not glancing downwards, my cheek uncaressed by the flowers dancing
+in my ears, my garland tossing on my waving hair, and my jewelled
+earrings swinging on my shoulders.
+
+'"'As I thus bent, the irresistible command of love, the inspiration
+of the spring, the charm of the place, the frowardness of youth, the
+unsteadiness of the senses, (287) the impatient longing for earthly
+goods, the fickleness of the mind, the destiny that rules events--in
+a word, my own cruel fate, and the fact that all my trouble was
+caused by him, were the means by which Love destroyed his firmness
+by the sight of my feeling, and made him waver towards me like a
+flame in the wind. He too was visibly thrilled, as if to welcome the
+newly-entering Love; his sighs went before him to show the way to his
+mind which was hastening towards me; the rosary in his hand trembled
+and shook, fearing the breaking of his vow; drops rose on his cheek,
+like a second garland hanging from his ear; his eyes, as his pupils
+dilated and his glance widened in the joy of beholding me, turned
+the spot to a very lotus-grove, so that the ten regions were filled
+by the long rays coming forth like masses of open lotuses that had
+of their own accord left the Acchoda lake and were rising to the sky.
+
+'"'By the manifest change in him my love was redoubled, and I fell
+that moment into a state I cannot describe, all unworthy of my
+caste. "Surely," I reflected, "Kama himself teaches this play of the
+eye, though generally after a long happy love, else whence comes this
+ascetic's gaze? (288) For his mind is unversed in the mingled feelings
+of earthly joys, and yet his eyes, though they have never learnt the
+art, pour forth the stream of love's sweetness, rain nectar, are half
+closed by joy, are slow with distress, heavy with sleep, roaming with
+pupils tremulous and languid with the weight of gladness, and yet
+bright with the play of his eyebrows. Whence comes this exceeding
+skill that tells the heart's longing wordlessly by a glance alone?"
+
+'"'Impelled by these thoughts I advanced, and bowing to the second
+young ascetic, his companion, I asked: "What is the name of his
+Reverence? Of what ascetic is he the son? From what tree is this
+garland woven? For its scent, hitherto unknown, and of rare sweetness,
+kindles great curiosity in me."
+
+'"'With a slight smile, he replied: "Maiden, what needs this
+question? But I will enlighten thy curiosity. Listen!
+
+'"'"There dwells in the world of gods a great sage, Cvetaketu; his
+noble character is famed through the universe; his feet are honoured by
+bands of siddhas, gods, and demons; (289) his beauty, exceeding that
+of Nalakubara, [266] is dear to the three worlds, and gladdens the
+hearts of goddesses. Once upon a time, when seeking lotuses for the
+worship of the gods, he went down to the Heavenly Ganges, which lay
+white as Civa's smile, while its water was studded as with peacocks'
+eyes by the ichor of Airavata. Straightway Lakshmi, enthroned on
+a thousand-petalled white lotus close by, beheld him coming down
+among the flowers, and looking on him, she drank in his beauty with
+eyes half closed by love, and quivering with weight of joyous tears,
+and with her slender fingers laid on her softly-opening lips; and
+her heart was disturbed by Love; by her glance alone she won his
+affection. A son was born, and taking him in her arms with the words,
+'Take him, for he is thine,' she gave him to Cvetaketu, who performed
+all the rites of a son's birth, and called him Pundarika, because he
+was born in a pundarika lotus. Moreover, after initiation, he led him
+through the whole circle of the arts. (290) This is Pundarika whom you
+see. And this spray comes from the parijata tree, [267] which rose
+when the Milky Ocean was churned by gods and demons. How it gained
+a place in his ear contrary to his vow, I will now tell. This being
+the fourteenth day of the month, he started with me from heaven to
+worship Civa, who had gone to Kailasa. On the way, near the Nandana
+Wood, a nymph, drunk with the juice of flowers, wearing fresh mango
+shoots in her ear, veiled completely by garlands falling to the knees,
+girt with kesara flowers, and resting on the fair hand lent her by the
+Lakshmi of spring, took this spray of parijata, and bending low, thus
+addressed Pundarika: 'Sir, let, I pray, this thy form, that gladdens
+the eyes of the universe, have this spray as its fitting adornment;
+let it be placed on the tip of thy ear, for it has but the playfulness
+that belongs to a garland; let the birth of the parijata now reap
+its full blessing!' At her words, his eyes were cast down in modesty
+at the praise he so well deserved, and he turned to depart without
+regarding her; but as I saw her following us, I said, 'What is the
+harm, friend. Let her courteous gift be accepted!' and so by force,
+against his will, the spray adorns his ear. Now all has been told:
+who he is, whose son, and what this flower is, and how it has been
+raised to his ear." (291) When he had thus spoken, Pundarika said to
+me with a slight smile: "Ah, curious maiden, why didst thou take the
+trouble to ask this? If the flower, with its sweet scent, please thee,
+do thou accept it," and advancing, he took it from his own ear and
+placed it in mine, as though, with the soft murmur of the bees on it,
+it were a prayer for love. At once, in my eagerness to touch his hand,
+a thrill arose in me, like a second parijata flower, where the garland
+lay; while he, in the pleasure of touching my cheek, did not see that
+from his tremulous fingers he had dropped his rosary at the same time
+as his timidity; but before it reached the ground I seized it, and
+playfully placed it on my neck, where it wore the grace of a necklace
+unlike all others, while I learnt the joy of having my neck clasped,
+as it were, by his arm.
+
+'"'As our hearts were thus occupied with each other, my umbrella-bearer
+addressed me: "Princess, the Queen has bathed. It is nearly time
+to go home. Do thou, therefore, also bathe." At her words, like a
+newly-caught elephant, rebellious at the first touch of the new hook,
+I was unwillingly dragged away, and as I went down to bathe, I could
+hardly withdraw my eyes, for they seemed to be drowned in the ambrosial
+beauty of his face, or caught in the thicket of my thrilling cheek,
+or pinned down by Love's shafts, or sewn fast by the cords [268]
+of his charms.
+
+(292) '"'Meanwhile, the second young ascetic, seeing that he was
+losing his self-control, gently upbraided him: "Dear Pundarika, this
+is unworthy of thee. This is the way trodden by common men. For the
+good are rich in self-control. Why dost thou, like a man of low caste,
+fail to restrain the turmoil of thy soul? Whence comes this hitherto
+unknown assault of the senses, which so transforms thee? Where is
+thine old firmness? Where thy conquest of the senses? Where thy
+self-control? Where thy calm of mind, thine inherited holiness,
+thy carelessness of earthly things? Where the teaching of thy guru,
+thy learning of the Vedas, thy resolves of asceticism, thy hatred of
+pleasure, thine aversion to vain delights, thy passion for penance, thy
+distaste for enjoyments, thy rule over the impulses of youth? Verily
+all knowledge is fruitless, study of holy books is useless, initiation
+has lost its meaning, pondering the teaching of gurus avails not,
+proficiency is worthless, learning leads to nought, since even men like
+thee are stained by the touch of passion, and overcome by folly. (293)
+Thou dost not even see that thy rosary has fallen from thy hand,
+and has been carried away. Alas! how good sense fails in men thus
+struck down. Hold back this heart of thine, for this worthless girl
+is seeking to carry it away."
+
+'"'To these words he replied, with some shame: "Dear Kapinjala,
+why dost thou thus misunderstand me? I am not one to endure this
+reckless girl's offence in taking my rosary!" and with his moonlike
+face beautiful in its feigned wrath, and adorned the more by the dread
+frown he tried to assume, while his lip trembled with longing to kiss
+me, he said to me, "Playful maiden, thou shalt not move a step from
+this place without giving back my rosary." Thereupon I loosed from
+my neck a single row of pearls as the flower-offering that begins
+a dance in Kama's honour, and placed it in his outstretched hand,
+while his eyes were fixed on my face, and his mind was far away. I
+started to bathe, but how I started I know not, for my mother and my
+companions could hardly lead me away by force, like a river driven
+backwards, and I went home thinking only of him.
+
+(294) '"'And entering the maidens' dwelling, I began straightway to ask
+myself in my grief at his loss: "Am I really back, or still there? Am
+I alone, or with my maidens? Am I silent, or beginning to speak? Am
+I awake or asleep? Do I weep or hold back my tears? Is this joy or
+sorrow, longing or despair, misfortune or gladness, day or night? Are
+these things pleasures or pains?" All this I understood not. In my
+ignorance of Love's course, I knew not whither to go, what to do,
+hear, see, or speak, whom to tell, nor what remedy to seek. Entering
+the maidens' palace, I dismissed my friends at the door, and shut
+out my attendants, and then, putting aside all my occupations, I
+stood alone with my face against the jewelled window. I gazed at the
+region which, in its possession of him, was richly decked, endowed
+with great treasure, overflowed by the ocean of nectar, adorned with
+the rising of the full moon, and most fair to behold, I longed to ask
+his doings even of the breeze wafted from thence, or of the scent of
+the woodland flowers, or of the song of the birds. (295) I envied even
+the toils of penance for his devotion to them. For his sake, in the
+blind adherence of love, I took a vow of silence. I attributed grace
+to the ascetic garb, because he accepted it, beauty to youth because
+he owned it, charm to the parijata flower because it touched his ear,
+delight to heaven because he dwelt there, and invincible power to
+love because he was so fair. Though far away, I turned towards him
+as the lotus-bed to the sun, the tide to the moon, or the peacock
+to the cloud. I bore on my neck his rosary, like a charm against the
+loss of the life stricken by his absence. I stood motionless, though
+a thrill made the down on my cheek like a kadamba flower ear-ring,
+as it rose from the joy of being touched by his hand, and from the
+parijata spray in my ear, which spoke sweetly to me of him.
+
+'"'Now my betel-bearer, Taralika, had been with me to bathe; she came
+back after me rather late, and softly addressed me in my sadness:
+"Princess, one of those godlike ascetics we saw on the bank of Lake
+Acchoda--(296) he by whom this spray of the heavenly tree was placed
+in thy ear--as I was following thee, eluded the glance of his other
+self, and approaching me with soft steps between the branches of a
+flowering creeper, asked me concerning thee, saying, 'Damsel, who is
+this maiden? Whose daughter is she? What is her name? And whither goes
+she?' I replied: 'She is sprung from Gauri, an Apsaras of the moon
+race, and her father Hamsa is king of all the Gandharvas; the nails of
+his feet are burnished by the tips of the jewelled aigrettes on the
+turbans of all the Gandharvas; his tree-like arms are marked by the
+cosmetics on the cheeks of his Gandharva wives, and the lotus-hand of
+Lakshmi forms his footstool. The princess is named Mahacveta, and she
+has set out now for the hill of Hemakuta, the abode of the Gandharvas.'
+
+'"'"When this tale had been told by me, he thought silently for a
+moment, and then looking long at me with a steady gaze, as if gently
+entreating me, he said: 'Damsel, thy form, young as thou art, is of
+fair promise, and augurs truth and steadfastness. Grant me, therefore,
+one request.' Courteously raising my hands, I reverently replied:
+(297) 'Wherefore say this? Who am I? When great-souled men such as
+thou, meet for the honour of the whole universe, deign to cast even
+their sin-removing glance on one like me, their act wins merit--much
+more if they give a command. Say, therefore, freely what is to be
+done. Let me be honoured by thy bidding.'
+
+'"'"Thus addressed, he saluted me with a kindly glance, as a friend,
+a helper, or a giver of life; and taking a shoot from a tamala-tree
+hard by, he crushed it on the stones of the bank, broke off a piece
+from his upper bark garment as a tablet, and with the tamala-juice,
+sweet as the ichor of a gandha elephant, wrote with the nail of the
+little finger of his lotus-hand, and placed it in my hand, saying, 'Let
+this letter be secretly given by thee to that maiden when alone.'" With
+these words she drew it from the betel-box and showed it to me.
+
+'"'As I took from her hand that bark letter, I was filled with this
+talk about him, which, though but a sound, produced the joy of contact,
+and though for the ears alone, had its pervading presence in all my
+limbs manifested by a thrill, as if it were a spell to invoke Love;
+and in his letter I beheld these lines: [269]
+
+
+    A hamsa on the Manas lake, lured by a creeper's treacherous shine,
+    My heart is led a weary chase, lured by that pearly wreath of
+        thine. [270]
+
+
+(298) '"'By the reading of this, an even greater change for the worse
+was wrought in my lovesick mind, as in one who has lost his way,
+by also losing his bearings; as in a blind man, by a night of the
+dark fortnight; as in a dumb man, by cutting out the tongue; as in an
+ignorant man, by a conjuror's waving fan; as in a confused talker,
+by the delirium of fever; as in one poisoned, by the fatal sleep;
+as in a wicked man, by atheistic philosophy; as in one distraught, by
+strong drink; or as in one possessed, by the action of the possessing
+demon; so that in the turmoil it created in me, I was tossed like a
+river in flood. I honoured Taralika for having seen him again, as one
+who had acquired great merit, or who had tasted the joys of heaven,
+or had been visited by a god, or had her highest boon granted, or
+had drunk nectar, or had been anointed queen of the three worlds. I
+spoke to her reverently, as if, though always by me, she were a
+rare visitant, and though my familiar friend, she were hitherto
+unknown. I looked on her, though behind me, as above the world;
+I tenderly caressed the curls on her cheek, and entirely set at
+nought the condition of mistress and maid, again and again asking,
+(299) "How was he seen by thee? What did he say to thee? How long
+wert thou there? How far did he follow us?" And shutting out all my
+attendants, I spent the whole day with her in the palace, listening to
+that tale. The sun's orb hanging in the sky became crimson, sharing
+my heart's glow; the Lakshmi of sunlight longing for the sight of
+the flushed sun, and preparing her lotus-couch, turned pale as though
+faint with love; the sunbeams, rosy as they fell on waters dyed with
+red chalk, rose from the lotus-beds clustering like herds of woodland
+elephants; the day, with an echo of the joyous neighing of the steeds
+of the sun's chariot longing to rest after their descent of the sky,
+entered the caves of Mount Meru; the lotus-beds, as the bees entered
+the folded leaves of the red lilies, seemed to close their eyes as
+though their hearts were darkened by a swoon at the sun's departure;
+the pairs of cakravakas, each taking the other's heart, safely hidden
+in the hollow lotus-stalks whereof they had eaten together, were
+now parted; and my umbrella-bearer approaching me, said as follows:
+(300) "Princess, one of those youthful hermits is at the door, and
+says he has come to beg for a rosary." At the hermit's name, though
+motionless, I seemed to approach the door, and suspecting the reason of
+his coming, I summoned another chamberlain, whom I sent, saying, "Go
+and admit him." A moment later I beheld the young ascetic Kapinjala,
+who is to Pundarika as youth to beauty, love to youth, spring to love,
+southern breezes to spring, and who is indeed a friend worthy of him;
+he followed the hoary chamberlain as sunlight after moonlight. As he
+drew near his appearance betrayed to me trouble, sadness, distraction,
+entreaty, and a yearning unfulfilled. With a reverence I rose and
+respectfully brought him a seat; and when he was reluctantly forced
+to accept it, I washed his feet and dried them on the silken edge of
+my upper robe; and then sat by him on the bare ground. For a moment
+he waited, as if eager to speak, when he cast his eyes on Taralika
+close by. Knowing his desire at a glance, I said, "Sir, she is one
+with me. (301) Speak fearlessly." At my words Kapinjala replied:
+"Princess, what can I say? for through shame my voice does not reach
+the sphere of utterance. How far is the passionless ascetic who
+lives on roots in the woods from the illusion of passion that finds
+its home in restless souls, and is stained with longing for earthly
+pleasures, and filled with the manifold sports of the Love God. See how
+unseemly all this is! What has fate begun? God easily turns us into
+a laughing-stock! I know not if this be fitting with bark garments,
+or seemly for matted locks, or meet for penance, or consonant with the
+teaching of holiness! Such a mockery was never known! I needs must
+tell you the story. No other course is visible; no other remedy is
+perceived; no other refuge is at hand; no other way is before me. If
+it remains untold, even greater trouble will arise. A friend's life
+must be saved even at the loss of our own; so I will tell the tale:
+
+'"'"It was in thy presence that I sternly rebuked Pundarika, and after
+that speech I left him in anger and went to another place, leaving
+my task of gathering flowers. After thy departure, I remained apart a
+short time, (302) and then, becoming anxious as to what he was doing,
+I turned back and examined the spot from behind a tree. As I did not
+see him there, the thought arose within me, 'His mind was enslaved
+by love, and perchance he followed her; and now that she is gone,
+he has regained his senses, and is ashamed to come within my sight;
+or he has gone from me in wrath, or departed hence to another place
+in search of me.' Thus thinking, I waited some time, but, troubled by
+an absence I had never since my birth suffered for a moment, I again
+thought, 'It may be that, in shame at his failure in firmness, he will
+come to some harm; for shame makes everything possible; he must not,
+then, be left alone.' With this resolve, I earnestly made search for
+him. But as I could not see him, though I sought on all sides, made
+anxious by love for my friend, I pictured this or that misfortune,
+and wandered long, examining glades of trees, creeper bowers among the
+sandal avenues, and the banks of lakes, carefully glancing on every
+side. (303) At length I beheld him in a thicket of creepers near
+a lake, a very birthplace for spring, most fair, and in its close
+growth appearing to be made wholly of flowers, of bees, of cuckoos,
+and of peacocks. From his entire absence of employment, he was as one
+painted, or engraved, or paralyzed, or dead, or asleep, or in a trance
+of meditation; he was motionless, yet wandering from his right course;
+alone, yet possessed by Love; all aglow, yet raising a pallid face;
+absent-minded, yet giving his love a place within him; silent, and yet
+telling a tale of Love's great woe; seated on a stone, yet standing
+in face of death. He was tormented by Kama, who yet, in fear of many
+a curse, remained unseen. By his great stillness he appeared to be
+deserted by the senses which had entered into him to behold the love
+that dwelt in his heart, and had fainted in fear at its unbearable
+heat, or had left him in wrath at the tossing of his mind. From eyes
+steadily closed, and dimmed within by the smoke of Love's keen fire,
+he ceaselessly poured forth a storm of tears trickling down through
+his eyelashes. (304) The filaments of the creepers near trembled in
+the sighs which rushed out, bearing the redness of his lips like the
+upstarting ruddy flame of Kama burning his heart. As his hand rested
+on his left cheek, his brow, from the clear rays of his nails rising
+upwards, seemed to have a fresh mark of sandal very pure; from the late
+removal of his earring, the parijata flower, his ear was endowed with
+a tamala shoot or a blue lotus by the bees that murmured a charm to
+bewitch love, under the guise of their soft hum as they crept up in
+longing for what remained of that fragrance. Under the guise of his
+hair rising in a passionate thrill he seemed to bear on his limbs a
+mass of broken points of the flowery darts of Love's arrows discharged
+into his pores. With his right hand he bore on his breast a string of
+pearls that, by being interlaced with the flashing rays of his nails,
+seemed bristling in joy at the pleasure of touching his palm, and that
+was, as it were, a banner of recklessness. He was pelted by the trees
+with pollen, like a powder to subdue Love; he was caressed by acoka
+shoots tossed by the wind, and transferring to him their rosy glow;
+he was besprinkled by woodland Lakshmi with honey-dew from clusters
+of fresh flowers, like waters to crown Love; he was struck by Love
+with campak buds, which, as their fragrance was drunk in by bees, were
+like fiery barbs all smoking; (305) he was rebuked by the south wind,
+as if by the hum of the bees maddened by the many scents of the wood;
+he was bewildered by the honey-month, as by cries of 'All hail!' to
+Spring raised by the cuckoos in their melodious ecstasy. Like the
+risen moon, he was robed in paleness; like the stream of Ganges in
+summer, he had dwindled to meagreness; like a sandal-tree with a
+fire at its heart, he was fading away. He seemed to have entered
+on another birth, and was as another man, strange and unfamiliar;
+he was changed into another shape. As one entered by an evil spirit,
+ruled by a great demon, possessed by a strong devil, drunk, deluded,
+blind, deaf, dumb, all merged in joy and love, he had reached the
+climax of the mind's slavery when possessed by Love, and his old self
+could no longer be known.
+
+'"'"As with a steady glance I long examined his sad state, I became
+despondent, and thought in my trembling heart: 'This is of a truth
+that Love whose force none can resist; for by him Pundarika has
+been in a moment brought to a state for which there is no cure. For
+how else could such a storehouse of learning become straightway
+unavailing? (306) It is, alas! a miracle in him who from childhood has
+been firm of nature and unswerving in conduct, and whose life was the
+envy of myself and the other young ascetics. Here, like a mean man,
+despising knowledge, contemning the power of penance, he has rooted
+up his deep steadfastness, and is paralyzed by Love. A youth which has
+never swerved is indeed rare!' I went forward, and sitting down by him
+on the same stone, with my hand resting on his shoulder, I asked him,
+though his eyes were still closed: 'Dear Pundarika, tell me what this
+means.' Then with great difficulty and effort he opened his eyes,
+which seemed fastened together by their long closing, and which were
+red from incessant weeping and overflowing with tears as if shaken
+and in pain, while their colour was that of a red lotus-bed veiled in
+white silk. He looked at me long with a very languid glance, and then,
+deeply sighing, in accents broken by shame, he slowly and with pain
+murmured: 'Dear Kapinjala, why ask me what thou knowest?' Hearing this,
+and thinking that Pundarika was suffering in this way a cureless ill,
+but that still, as far as possible, a friend who is entering a wrong
+course should be held back to the utmost by those who love him,
+I replied: 'Dear Pundarika, I know it well. (307) I will only ask
+this question: Is this course you have begun taught by your gurus,
+or read in the holy books? or is this a way of winning holiness,
+or a fresh form of penance, or a path to heaven, or a mystic vow,
+or a means of salvation, or any other kind of discipline? Is this
+fitting for thee even to imagine, much less to see or tell? Like a
+fool, thou seest not that thou art made a laughing-stock by that
+miscreant Love. For it is the fool who is tormented by Love. For
+what is thy hope of happiness in such things as are honoured by the
+base, but blamed by the good? He truly waters a poison tree under
+the idea of duty, or embraces the sword plant for a lotus-wreath, or
+lays hold on a black snake, taking it for a line of smoke of black
+aloes, or touches a burning coal for a jewel, or tries to pull out
+the club-like tusk of a wild elephant, thinking it a lotus-fibre; he
+is a fool who places happiness in the pleasures of sense which end
+in sorrow. And thou, though knowing the real nature of the senses,
+why dost thou carry thy knowledge as the firefly his light, [271]
+only to be concealed, in that thou restrainest not thy senses when they
+start out of their course like streams turbid [272] in their passionate
+onrush? Nor dost thou curb thy tossing mind. (308) Who, forsooth, is
+this Love-god? Relying on thy firmness, do thou revile this miscreant.'
+
+'"'"As I thus spoke he wiped with his hand his eyes streaming with
+tears poured through his eyelashes, and while he yet leant on me,
+replied, rebuking my speech: 'Friend, what need of many words? Thou
+at least art untouched! Thou hast not fallen within the range of
+Love's shafts, cruel with the poison of snakes! It is easy to teach
+another! and when that other has his senses and his mind, and sees,
+hears, and knows what he has heard, and can discern good and evil,
+he is then fit for advice. But all this is far from me; all talk of
+stability, judgment, firmness, reflection, has come to an end. How
+do I even breathe but by strong effort? The time for advice is long
+past. The opportunity for firmness has been let slip; the hour for
+reflection is gone; the season for stability and judgment has passed
+away. Who but thee could give advice at this time, or could attempt
+to restrain my wandering? To whom but thee should I listen? or who
+else in the world is a friend like thee? What ails me that I cannot
+restrain myself? Thou sawest in a moment my wretched plight. The
+time, then, for advice is now past. (309) While I breathe, I long
+for some cure for the fever of love, violent as the rays of twelve
+suns [273] at the end of the world. My limbs are baked, my heart is
+seething, my eyes are burning, and my body on fire. Do, therefore,
+what the time demands.' He then became silent, and after this speech
+I tried again and again to rouse him; but as he did not listen even
+when tenderly and affectionately exhorted in the words of the pure
+teaching of the castras full of cases like his own, together with
+the legendary histories, I thought, 'He is gone too far; he cannot
+be turned back. Advice is now useless, so I will make an effort
+just to preserve his life.' With this resolve I rose and went, and
+tore up some juicy lotus-fibres from the lake; then, taking some
+lotus-petals marked by water, I plucked lotuses of all kinds, sweet
+with the fragrance of the aromatic pollen within, and prepared a
+couch on that same rock in the bower. And as he rested there at ease
+(310), I crushed soft twigs of the sandal-trees hard by, and with
+its juice, naturally sweet and cold as ice, made a mark on his brow,
+and anointed him from head to foot. I allayed the perspiration by
+camphor-dust powdered in my hand, broken from the interstices of the
+split bark of the trees near, and fanned him with a plantain-leaf
+dripping with pure water, while the bark robe he wore was moist with
+the sandal placed on his breast; and as I again and again strewed
+fresh lotus couches, and anointed him with sandal, and removed the
+perspiration, and constantly fanned him, the thought arose in my mind,
+'Surely nothing is too hard for Love! For how far apart would seem
+Pundarika, by nature simple and content with his woodland home, like
+a fawn, and Mahacveta, the Gandharva princess, a galaxy of graces:
+surely there is nothing for Love in the world hard, or difficult, or
+unsubdued, or impossible. He scornfully attempts the hardest tasks,
+nor can any resist him. For why speak of beings endowed with sense
+when, if it so please him, he can bring together even things without
+sense? For the night lotus-bed falls in love with the sun's ray,
+and the day-lotus leaves her hatred of the moon, and night is joined
+to day, (311) and moonlight waits on darkness, and shade stands in
+the face of light, and lightning stays firm in the cloud, and old age
+accompanies youth; and what more difficult thing can there be than that
+one like Pundarika, who is an ocean of unfathomable depth, should thus
+be brought to the lightness of grass? Where is his former penance, and
+where his present state? Truly it is a cureless ill that has befallen
+him! What must I now do or attempt, or whither go, or what refuge or
+resource, or help or remedy, or plan, or recourse, is there by which
+his life may be sustained? Or by what skill, or device, or means,
+or support, or thought, or solace, may he yet live?' These and other
+such thoughts arose in my downcast heart. But again I thought, 'What
+avails dwelling on this useless thought? His life must be preserved
+by any means, good or bad, (312) and there is no other way to save it
+but by her union with him; and as he is timid by reason of his youth,
+and moreover thinks the affairs of love contrary to his vow, unseemly,
+and a mockery in himself, he certainly, even at his last breath, will
+not gratify his longing by himself approaching her. This his disease
+of love admits no delay. Good men always hold that a friend's life
+must be saved even by a blameworthy deed; so that though this is a
+shameful and wrong action, it has yet become imperative for me. What
+else can be done? What other course is there? I will certainly go to
+her. I will tell her his state.' Thus thinking, I left the place on
+some pretext, and came hither without telling him, lest perchance
+he should feel that I was engaged in an unseemly employment, and
+should in shame hold me back. This being the state of affairs,
+thou, lady, art the judge of what action is needful for the time,
+worthy of so great a love, fitting for my coming, and right for
+thyself." With these words he became silent, fixing his eyes on my
+face to see what I should say. But I, having heard him, was plunged,
+as it were, into a lake of ambrosial joy, or immersed in an ocean
+of the sweets of love, floating above all joys, mounting to the
+pinnacle of all desires, resting at the utmost bound of gladness. I
+showed my happiness by joyful tears pouring clear, large, and heavy,
+because my eyelashes were not closed, strung like a garland by their
+unceasing succession, and not touching my cheek, because my face was
+somewhat bent in sudden shame; (313) and I thought at once: "0 joy,
+that Love entangles him as well as me, so that even while tormenting
+me, he has in part showed me kindness; and if Pundarika is indeed in
+such a plight, what help has not Love given me, or what has he not
+done for me, or what friend is like him, or how could a false tale,
+even in sleep, pass the lips of the calm-souled Kapinjala? And if this
+be so, what must I do, and what must I say in his presence?" While
+I was thus deliberating, a portress hastily entered, and said to me:
+"Princess, the Queen has learnt from her attendants that thou art ill,
+and is now coming." On hearing this, Kapinjala, fearing the contact
+of a great throng, quickly rose, saying: "Princess, a cause of great
+delay has arisen. The sun, the crest-jewel of the three worlds, is
+now sinking, so I will depart. But I raise my hands in salutation as
+a slight offering for the saving of my dear friend's life; that is
+my greatest treasure." (314) Then, without awaiting my reply, he with
+difficulty departed, for the door was blocked by the entrance of the
+attendants that heralded my Lady Mother. There were the portresses
+bearing golden staves; the chamberlains with unguents, cosmetics,
+flowers, and betel, holding waving cowries; and in their train were
+humpbacks, barbarians, deaf men, eunuchs, dwarfs, and deaf mutes.
+
+'"'Then the Queen came to me, and after a long visit, went home;
+but I observed nothing of what she did, said, or attempted while
+with me, for my heart was far away. When she went the sun, with his
+steeds bright as haritala pigeons, lord of life to the lotuses, and
+friend of the cakravakas, had sunk to rest, and the face of the West
+was growing crimson, and the lotus-beds were turning green, and the
+East was darkening to blue; and the world of mortals was overcome
+by a blackness like a wave of the ocean of final destruction turbid
+with the mud of hell. I knew not what to do, and asked Taralika,
+"Seest thou not, Taralika, how confused is my mind? My senses are
+bewildered with uncertainty, and I am unable myself to see in the
+least what I should do. (315) Do thou tell me what is right to do, for
+Kapinjala is now gone, and he told his tale in thy presence. What if,
+like a base-born maiden, I cast away shame, relinquish self-control,
+desert modesty, contemn the reproach of men, transgress good behaviour,
+trample on conduct, despise noble birth, accept the disgrace of a
+course blinded by love, and without my father's leave, or my mother's
+approval, I were to go to him myself and offer him my hand? This
+transgression against my parents would be a great wrong. But if,
+taking the other alternative, I follow duty, I shall in the first
+place accept death, and even so I shall break the heart of his
+reverence Kapinjala, who loved him first, and who came hither of
+his own accord. And again, if perchance that man's death is brought
+about by my deed in destroying his hopes, then causing the death of
+an ascetic would be a grave sin." While I thus considered, the East
+became gray with the glimmering light of moonrise, like a line of
+woods in spring with the pollen of flowers. And in the moonlight the
+eastern quarter showed white as if with the powdered pearls from the
+frontal bone of the elephant of darkness torn open by the lion-moon,
+(316) or pale with sandal-dust falling from the breast of the nymphs
+of the eastern mountain, or light with the rising of sand in an
+island left by the tide, stirred by the wind on the waves of the
+ever-moving ocean. Slowly the moonlight glided down, and made bright
+the face of night, as if it were the flash of her teeth as she softly
+smiled at the sight of the moon; then evening shone with the moon's
+orb, as if it were the circle of Cesha's hoods breaking through the
+earth as it rose from hell; after that, night became fair with the
+moon, the gladdener of the world of mortals, the delight of lovers,
+now leaving its childhood behind and becoming the ally of Love,
+with a youthful glow arising within it, the only fitting light for
+the enjoyment of Love's pleasures, ambrosial, climbing the sky like
+youth impersonate. Then I beheld the risen moon as if flushed with
+the coral of the ocean it had just left, crimsoned with the blood
+of its deer struck by the paw of the lion of the Eastern Mountain,
+marked with the lac of Rohini's [274] feet, as she spurned her lord
+in a love quarrel, (317) and ruddy with his newly-kindled glow. And
+I, though the fire of Love burnt within me, had my heart darkened;
+though my body rested on the lap of Taralika, I was a captive in the
+hands of Love; though my eyes were fixed on the moon, I was looking
+on death, and I straightway thought, "There are the honey-month, the
+Malaya winds, and all other such things brought together, and in the
+same place to have this evil miscreant moon cannot be endured. My
+heart cannot bear it. Its rising now is like a shower of coals to
+one consumed by fever, or a fall of snow to one ill from cold, or the
+bite of a black snake to one faint with the swelling of poison." And
+as I thus thought, a swoon closed my eyes, like the sleep brought
+by moonlight that withers the lotuses of the day. Soon, however, I
+regained consciousness by means of the fanning and sandal unguents
+of the bewildered Taralika, and I saw her weeping, her face dimmed
+with ceaseless tears, pressing the point of a moist moonstone to my
+brow, and seeming possessed by despair impersonate. As I opened my
+eyes, she fell at my feet, and said, raising hands yet wet with the
+thick sandal ointment: "Princess, why think of shame or disrespect to
+parents? Be kind; send me, and I will fetch the beloved of thy heart;
+(318) rise, or go thither thyself. Henceforth thou canst not bear
+this Love that is an ocean whose manifold passionate waves [275]
+are swelling at the rise of a strong moon." To this speech I replied:
+"Mad girl, what is love to me? The moon it is, even the lord of the
+night lotuses, who removes all scruples, undermines all search for
+means of escape, conceals all difficulties, takes away all doubts,
+contemns all fears, roots out all shame, veils the sinful levity of
+going myself to my lover, avoids all delay, and has come merely to
+lead me either to Pundarika or to death. Rise, therefore; for while I
+have life I will follow him and honour him who, dear as he is, tortures
+my heart." Thus saying, I rose, leaning on her, for my limbs were yet
+unsteady with the weakness of the swoon caused by Love, and as I rose
+my right eye throbbed, presaging ill, and in sudden terror I thought:
+"What new thing is this threatened by Destiny?"
+
+(319) '"'The firmament was now flooded with moonlight, as if the
+moon's orb, which had not yet risen far, was, like the waterpipe
+of the temple of the universe, discharging a thousand streams of
+the heavenly Ganges, pouring forth the waves of an ambrosial ocean,
+shedding many a cascade of sandal-juice, and bearing floods of nectar;
+the world seemed to learn what life was in the White Continent,
+and the pleasures of seeing the land of Soma; the round earth was
+being poured out from the depths of a Milky Ocean by the moon, which
+was like the rounded tusk of the Great Boar; the moonrise offerings
+were being presented in every house by the women with sandal-water
+fragrant with open lotuses; the highways were crowded with thousands
+of women-messengers sent by fair ladies; girls going to meet their
+lovers ran hither and thither, veiled in blue silk and fluttered
+by the dread of the bright moonlight as if they were the nymphs of
+the white day lotus groves concealed in the splendours of the blue
+lotuses; the sky became an alluvial island in the river of night, with
+its centre whitened by the thick pollen of the groves of open night
+lotuses; while the night lotus-beds in the house-tanks were waking,
+encircled by bees which clung to every blossom; (320) the world of
+mortals was, like the ocean, unable to contain the joy of moonrise,
+and seemed made of love, of festivity, of mirth, and of tenderness:
+evening was pleasant with the murmur of peacocks garrulous in gladness
+at the cascade that fell from the waterpipes of moonstone.
+
+'"'Taralika accompanied me, holding powders, perfumes, unguents,
+betel, and various flowers, and I had also that napkin, wet with
+the sandal ointment which had been applied in my swoon, and which
+had its nap slightly disordered and gray with the partly-dried
+mark of sandalwood clinging to it; the rosary was on my neck; the
+parijata spray was kissing the tip of my ear; veiled in red silk
+that seemed fashioned from rays of rubies, I went down from the top
+of that palace, unseen by any of my devoted attendants. On my way I
+was pursued by a swarm of bees, which hastened, leaving lotus-beds
+and deserting gardens, drawn by the scent of the parijata spray,
+sportively forming a blue veil round me. I departed through the door
+of the pleasure-grove and set out to meet Pundarika. (321) As I went,
+I thought, seeing myself attended by Taralika only: "What needs pomp
+of retinue when we seek our dearest! Surely our servants then but
+play a mockery of attendance, for Love follows me with shaft fitted
+to the strung bow; the moon, stretching out a long ray, [276] draws
+me on like a hand; passion supports me at every step from fear of
+a fall; my heart rushes on with the senses, leaving shame behind;
+longing has gained certainty, and leads me on." Aloud I said: "Oh,
+Taralika, would that this miscreant moon would with its beams seize
+him by the hair and draw him forward like myself!" As I thus spoke,
+she smilingly replied: "Thou art foolish, my princess! What does
+the moon want with Pundarika? Nay, rather, he himself, as though
+wounded by Love, does all these things for thee; for under the guise
+of his image he kisses thy cheeks marked with drops of perspiration;
+with trembling ray he falls on thy fair breast; he touches the gems
+of thy girdle; entangled in thy bright nails, he falls at thy feet;
+moreover, the form of this lovesick moon wears the pallor of a sandal
+unguent dried by fever; (322) he stretches out his rays [277] white
+as lotus-fibres; under the guise of his reflection he falls on crystal
+pavements; with rays [278] gray as the dust from the filaments inside
+the ketaki, he plunges into lotus-pools; he touches with his beams
+[279] the moonstones wet with spray; he hates the day lotus-groves
+with their pairs of cakravakas once severed." With such discourse
+fitting for the time I approached that spot in her company. I then
+bathed my feet, gray with pollen from the creeper flowers on our path,
+in a spot near Kapinjala's abode which had a stream of moonstone,
+liquefied by moonrise, flowing from Kailasa's slope; and there,
+on the left bank of the lake, I heard the sound of a man's weeping,
+softened by distance. Some fear had arisen within me at first, from
+the quivering of my right eye, and now that my heart was yet more
+torn by this cry, as if my downcast mind were telling some dreadful
+tidings within, I cried in terror: "Taralika, what means this?" And
+with trembling limbs I breathlessly hastened on.
+
+'"'Then I heard afar a bitter cry, clear in the calm of night: "Alas,
+I am undone! I am consumed! I am deceived! What is this that has
+befallen me? What has happened? I am uprooted! (323) Cruel demon Love,
+evil and pitiless, what shameful deed hast thou brought to pass? Ah,
+wicked, evil, wanton Mahacveta, how had he harmed thee? Ah, evil,
+wanton, monstrous [280] moon, thou hast gained thy desire. Cruel
+soft breeze of the South, thy softness is gone, and thy will is
+fulfilled. That which was to be done is done. Go now as thou wilt! Ah,
+venerable Cvetaketu, tender to thy son, thou knowest not that thy
+life is stolen from thee! Dharma, thou art dispossessed! Penance,
+thou art protectorless! Eloquence, thou art widowed! Truth, thou art
+lordless! Heaven, thou art void! Friend, protect me! Yet I will follow
+thee! I cannot remain even a moment without thee, alone! How canst thou
+now suddenly leave me, and go thy way like a stranger on whom my eyes
+had never rested? Whence comes this thy great hardness? Say, whither,
+without thee, shall I go? Whom shall I implore? What refuge shall I
+seek? I am blinded! For me space is empty! Life is aimless, penance
+vain, the world void of joy! With whom shall I wander, to whom speak,
+with whom hold converse? Do thou arise! Grant me an answer. Friend,
+where is thine old love to me? Where that smiling welcome that never
+failed me?"
+
+(324) '"'Such were the words I heard Kapinjala utter; and as I heard
+them I uttered a loud cry, while yet far off, as if my life had fallen;
+and with my silk cloak torn as it clung to the creepers by the lake's
+bank, and my feet placed on the ground regardless of its being rough
+or even, and as hastily as I could, I went on to that place, stumbling
+at every step, and yet as if led on by one who lifted me up again.
+
+'"'There I beheld Pundarika lying on a couch made on a slab of
+moonstone wet with showers of cool spray, close to the lake; it
+was made of lotus-fibres like a garland of tender flowers from
+all lilies, and seemed to be formed wholly of the points of Love's
+arrows. Pundarika seemed from his great stillness to be listening for
+the sound of my step. He seemed to have gained a moment's happiness in
+sleep, as if Love's pain had been quenched by inward wrath; he seemed
+engaged in a yoga penance of holding his breath, as an atonement
+for his breach of ascetic duty; he seemed to murmur, with bright yet
+trembling lip: "By thy deed am I come to this pass." He seemed pierced
+by the moonbeams which, under the guise of his bright finger-nails
+placed on a heart throbbing with Love's fire, fell on his back as he
+lay averted in hatred of the moon. (325) He bore a mark on his brow
+of a line of sandal, which, by its being pale from dryness, was like
+a digit of Love's waning moon portending his own destruction. Life
+seemed to leave him in anger, saying: "Fool, another is dearer to thee
+than I!" His eyes were not wholly closed; their pupils were slightly
+turned to look; they were red with ceaseless weeping; they seemed to
+drop blood, since by failure of breath his tears were exhausted; and
+they were partly curved in pain at Love's darts. He now experienced
+the pain of unconsciousness, as if together with the torment of love he
+were also yielding life itself; he seemed to meditate a new version of
+Love's mystery, and to practise an unwonted retention of breath. His
+life seemed to be carried off as a prize [281] by Love, who had in
+kindness arranged my coming. On his brow was a sandal tripundraka mark;
+he wore a sacrificial thread of juicy lotus-fibre; his dress clung
+to his shoulder beautiful as the leaf that ensheathes a plantain;
+his rosary had only the thickness of a single row; [282] the ashes on
+his brow were of abundant white camphor-powder; he was fair with the
+string of lotus-fibre, bound on his arm as an amulet; he seemed to wear
+the garb of Love's vow, as if completing a charm for my coming. With
+his eye he tenderly uttered the reproach: "Hard-hearted! I was but
+followed by one glance, and never again received thy favour." (326)
+His lips were slightly open, so that his form gleamed white in the
+rays of his teeth, which came forth as if they were moonbeams that
+had entered him to take away his life; with his left hand placed on
+a heart breaking with the pain of love, he seemed to say: "Be kind,
+depart not with my life, thou that art dear as life!" and so to hold
+me firmly in his heart; his right hand, which from the uneven rays
+of his nails jutting forth seemed to drop sandal, was raised as if to
+ward off the moonlight; near him stood his pitcher, the friend of his
+penance, with neck upright, as if it gazed at the path by which his
+life was just rising; the garland of lotus-fibres which adorned his
+neck bound him as if with a rope of moonbeams to lead him to another
+world; and when, at the sight of me, Kapinjala, with a cry of "Help,
+help!" raised his hands, and crying aloud with redoubled tears, fell
+on his neck, at that very moment I, wicked and ill-fated as I was,
+beheld that noble youth yield up his life. The darkness of a swoon came
+upon me, and I descended into hell; nor knew I anything of whither
+I then went, or what I did or said. Neither knew I why my life did
+not at that moment leave me; (327) whether from the utter hardness
+of my stupefied heart, or from the callousness to bear thousands
+of troubles of my wretched body, or from being fated to endure a
+long grief, or from being a vessel of evil earned in another birth,
+or from the skill of my cruel destiny in bestowing sorrow, or from
+the singular perversity of malign accursed love. Only this I know:
+that when at length in my misery I regained consciousness, I found
+myself writhing on the ground, tortured, as if I had fallen on a fire,
+by a grief too hard to bear. I could not believe aught so impossible
+as that he should die and I yet live, and rising with a bitter cry of
+"Alas, what is this--mother, father, friends?" I exclaimed: "Ah, my
+Lord, thou who upholdest my life, speak to me! Whither goest thou,
+pitilessly leaving me alone and protectorless? Ask Taralika what I
+have suffered for thy sake. Hardly have I been able to pass the day,
+drawn out into a thousand ages. Be gracious! Utter but one word! Show
+tenderness to her that loves thee! Look but a little on me! Fulfil
+my longing! I am wretched! I am loyal! I am thine in heart! I am
+lordless! I am young! I am helpless! I am unhappy! I am bereft of
+other refuge! I am vanquished by Love! Why showest thou no pity? Say
+what I have done or left undone, what command I have neglected,
+or in what thing pleasing to thee I have not shown affection, that
+thou art wroth. (328) Fearest thou not the reproach of men in that
+thou goest, deserting me, thy handmaid, without cause? Yet why think
+of me, perverse and wicked, and skilled to deceive by false shows of
+love! Alas, I yet live! Alas, I am accursed and undone! For why? I
+have neither thee, nor honour, nor kinsfolk, nor heaven. Shame on
+me, a worker of evil deeds, for whose sake this fate hath befallen
+thee. There is none of so murderous a heart as I who went home,
+leaving one so peerless as thou. What to me were home, mother,
+father, kinsfolk, followers? Alas, to what refuge shall I flee? Fate,
+show pity to me! I entreat thee. Lady of destiny, give me a boon of
+mercy! Show compassion! Protect a lordless lady! Ye woodland goddesses,
+be kind! Give back his life! Help, Earth, that bringest favours to
+all! Night, showest thou no mercy? Father Kailasa, thy protection
+I implore. Show thy wonted pity!" Such were my laments, so far as
+I remember, and I murmured incoherently as one held by a demon,
+or possessed or mad, or struck down by an evil spirit. In the tears
+that fell in torrents upon me I was turned to water, I melted away,
+I took upon me a shape of water; my laments, followed by the sharp
+rays of my teeth, fell as if with showers of tears; (329) my hair,
+with its flowers ever falling, seemed to shed teardrops, and my
+very ornaments by the tears of pure gemlight that sprang from them
+seemed to raise their lament. I longed for my own death as for his
+life; I yearned to enter his heart with my whole soul, dead though
+he were; with my hand I touched his cheeks, and his brow with the
+roots of his hair, white with dry sandal, and his shoulders with the
+lotus-fibres on them, and his heart covered with lotus-leaves and
+flecks of sandal-juice. With the tender reproach, "Thou art cruel,
+Pundarika! Thou carest nought that I am thus wretched!" I again
+sought to win him back. I again embraced him, I again clasped his
+neck, and wept aloud. Then I rebuked that string of pearls, saying:
+"Ah, wicked one, couldst not even thou have preserved his life till
+my coming?" Then again I fell at Kapinjala's feet with the prayer,
+"Be kind, my lord; restore him to life!" and again, clinging to
+Taralika's neck, I wept. Even now, when I think of it, I know
+not how these piteous, tender words came forth from my ill-fated
+heart--words all unthought, unlearnt, untaught, unseen before;
+nor whence these utterances arose; nor whence these heart-rending
+cries of despair. My whole being was changed. (330) For there rose a
+deluge wave of inward tears, the springs of weeping were set loose,
+the buds of wailing came forth, the peaks of sorrow grew lofty and
+a long line of madness was begun.' And so, as she thus told her own
+tale, she seemed again to taste the bitterness of that former plight,
+so cruel, and so hardly endured, and a swoon bereft her of sense. In
+the force of her swoon she fell on the rock, and Candrapida hastily
+stretched out his hand, like her servant, and supported her, full of
+sorrow. At length he brought her back to consciousness by fanning
+her with the edge of her own bark garment, wet with tears. Filled
+with pity, and with his cheeks bathed in tears, he said to her,
+as she came to life: 'Lady, it is by my fault that thy grief has
+been brought back to its first freshness, and that thou hast come to
+this pass. Therefore no more of this tale. Let it be ended. Even I
+cannot bear to hear it. For the story even of past sorrow endured by
+a friend pains us as if we ourselves were living through it. [283]
+Thou wilt not therefore surely place on the fire of grief that life
+so precious and so hardly preserved?' (331) Thus addressed, with a
+long, hot sigh and eyes dissolved in tears, she despairingly replied:
+'Prince, even in that dreadful night my hated life did not desert me;
+[284] it is not likely that it will leave me now. Even blessed Death
+turns away his eyes from one so ill-fated and wicked. Whence could
+one so hard-hearted feel grief? all this can be but feigned in a
+nature so vile. But be that as it may, that shameless heart has
+made me chief among the shameless. For to one so adamantine as to
+have seen love in all his power, and yet to have lived through this,
+what can mere speaking of it matter?
+
+'"'Or what could there be harder to tell than this very thing, which
+is supposed to be impossible to hear or say? I will at least briefly
+tell the marvel that followed on that thunderbolt, and I will tell,
+too, what came as a tiny dim cause of my prolonging my life, which by
+its mirage so deludes me that I bear about a hated body, almost dead,
+alien to me, burdensome, unfitted to my needs, and thankless for my
+care. That shall suffice. Afterwards, in a sudden change [285] of
+feeling, with resolve firmly set on death, lamenting bitterly, I cried
+to Taralika: "Rise, cruel-hearted girl; how long wilt thou weep? Bring
+together wood and make a pile. I will follow the lord of my life."
+
+(332) '"'Straightway a being swiftly left the moon's orb and descended
+from the sky. Behind him he trailed a silken vesture hanging from
+his crest, white as the foam of nectar, and waving in the wind;
+his cheeks were reddened with the bright gems that swayed in his
+ears; on his breast he bore a radiant necklace, from the size of its
+pearls like a cluster of stars; his turban was tied with strips of
+white silk; his head was thick with curling locks, and dark as bees;
+his earring was an open moon lotus; on his shoulder was the impress
+of the saffron lines that adorned his wives; he was white as a moon
+lotus, lofty in stature, endowed with all the marks of greatness, and
+godlike in form; he seemed to purify space by the light shed round him
+clear as pure water, and to anoint it as by a thick frost with a dewy
+ambrosial shower that created a chill as he shed it from his limbs,
+cool and fragrant, and to besprinkle it with a rich store of gocirsha
+[286] sandal-juice.
+
+'"'With arms sturdy as the trunk of Airavata, and fingers white as
+lotus-fibres and cool to the touch, he lifted my dead lord, (333)
+and, in a voice deep as a drum, he said to me: "Mahacveta, my child,
+thou must not die; for thou shalt again be united with him!" And with
+these words, tender as a father's, he flew into the sky with Pundarika.
+
+'"'But this sudden event filled me with fear, dismay, and eager
+anxiety, and with upraised face I asked Kapinjala what it might
+mean. He, however, started up hastily without replying, and with the
+cry, "Monster, whither goest thou with my friend?" with uplifted eyes
+and sudden wrath he hastily girt up his loins, and following him in
+his flight, in hot pursuit he rose into the sky; and while I yet gazed
+they all entered amongst the stars. But the departure of Kapinjala was
+to me like a second death of my beloved, and it redoubled my grief,
+so that my heart was rent asunder. Bewildered what to do, I cried
+to Taralika: "Knowest thou not? Tell me what this means!" But she,
+with all a woman's timidity at the sight, was at that very moment
+trembling in all her limbs, overcome by a fear stronger than her grief,
+and was frightened, moreover, by the dread of my death; and so with
+downcast heart she piteously replied: "Princess, wretch that I am,
+I know not! Yet this is a great miracle. The man is of no mortal
+mould, and thou wert pityingly comforted by him in his flight as by a
+father. Such godlike beings are not wont to deceive us, even in sleep,
+much less face to face; and when I think it over I cannot see the
+least cause for his speaking falsely. (334) It is meet, therefore,
+that thou shouldst weigh it, and restrain thy longing for death. In
+thy present state it is in truth a great ground for comfort. Moreover,
+Kapinjala has gone in pursuit of Pundarika. From him thou canst learn
+whence and who this being is, and why Pundarika on his death was by
+him raised and carried off, and whither he is carried, and wherefore
+thou wert consoled by him with the boon of a hope of reunion that
+exceeds thought; then thou canst devote thyself either to life or
+death. For when death is resolved upon, it is easy to compass. But
+this can wait; for Kapinjala, if he lives, will certainly not rest
+without seeing thee; therefore let thy life be preserved till his
+return." Thus saying, she fell at my feet. And I, from the thirst
+for life that mortals find so hard to overcome, and from the weakness
+of woman's nature, and from the illusion his words had created, and
+from my anxiety for Kapinjala's return, thought that that plan was
+best for the time, and did not die. For what will not hope achieve?
+
+'"'That night I spent in Taralika's company on the bank of the lake. To
+my wretchedness it was like a night of doom, [287] drawn out to a
+thousand years, all torment, all grief, all hell, all fire. (335)
+Sleep was rooted out, and I tossed on the ground; my face was hidden
+by the loosened and dishevelled tresses that clung to my cheeks,
+wet with tears and gray with dust, and my throat was weak, for my
+voice failed, broken with piteous weeping.
+
+'"'At dawn I arose and bathed in the lake, and having formed my
+resolve, I took, for love of Pundarika, his pitcher and his bark
+garments and his rosary; for I clearly knew the worthlessness of the
+world. I perceived my own lack of merit; I pictured to myself the
+remediless cruelty of the blows of fate; I pondered the inevitableness
+of grief; I beheld the harshness of destiny; I meditated the course
+of love, rich in sorrow; I learnt the inconstancy of earthly things;
+I considered the frailness of all joys. Father and mother were
+disregarded; kinsfolk and followers abandoned; the joys of earth were
+banished from my mind; the senses held in firm restraint.
+
+'"'I took the ascetic vow, and sought the protection of Civa, lord
+of the three worlds and helper of the helpless. Next day my father
+came, having somehow learnt my story, bringing with him my mother and
+kinsfolk. Long he wept, and strove with all his might and by every
+means--prayers, admonitions, and tender words of every kind--to lead
+me home. (336) And when he understood my firm resolve, and knew that I
+could not be turned from that infatuation, he could not, even though
+without hope, part with his love for his child; and though I often
+bade him go, he stayed for some days, and went home at length full
+of grief, and with his heart hot within him.
+
+'"'After his going, it was only by empty tears that I could show
+my gratitude to my lord; by many a penance I wasted my hated body,
+worn away by love of him, rich in ill, devoid of shame, ill-omened,
+and the home of a thousand tortures of grief; I lived but on water
+and the roots and fruits of the wood; under the guise of telling
+my beads I counted his virtues; thrice a day I bathed in the lake;
+I daily worshipped Civa, and in this cell I dwelt with Taralika,
+tasting the bitterness of a long grief. Such am I, evil, ill-omened,
+shameless, cruel, cold, murderous, contemptible, useless, fruitless,
+helpless, and joyless. (337) Why should one so noble as thou deign
+to look on or speak with me, the doer of that monstrous crime, the
+slaughter of a Brahman?' Thus saying, she covered her face with the
+white edge of her bark garment, as if veiling the moon with a fleck
+of autumn cloud, and, unable to quell the irresistible torrent of
+her tears, she gave way to her sobs, and began to weep loud and long.
+
+'"From the very first Candrapida had been filled with reverence
+by her beauty, modesty, and courtesy; by the charm of her speech,
+her unselfishness and her austerity; and by her serenity, humility,
+dignity, and purity. But now he was carried away both by the story of
+her life, which showed her noble character, and by her devoted spirit,
+and a fresh tenderness arose in him. With softened heart he gently
+said: 'Lady, those may weep who fear pain, and are devoid of gratitude,
+and love pleasure, for they are unable to do anything worthy of love,
+and show their affection merely by vain tears. But thou who hast
+done all rightly, what duty of love hast thou left undone, that thou
+weepest? For Pundarika's sake, thy kinsfolk who from thy birth have
+been around thee, dear as they were, have been forsaken as if they
+were strangers. (338) Earthly pleasures, though at thy feet, have
+been despised and reckoned light as grass. The joys of power, though
+their riches excelled the empire of Indra, have been resigned. Thy
+form has been emaciated by dread penances, even though by nature it
+was slender as a lotus-stalk. Thou hast taken the ascetic vow. Thy
+soul has been devoted to great penance. Thou hast dwelt in the woods,
+hard though it be for a woman. Moreover, life is easily resigned by
+those whom sorrow has overwhelmed, but it needs a greater effort not
+to throw away life in heavy grief. This following another to death is
+most vain! It is a path followed by the ignorant! It is a mere freak
+of madness, a path of ignorance, an enterprise of recklessness, a view
+of baseness, a sign of utter thoughtlessness, and a blunder of folly,
+that one should resign life on the death of father, brother, friend,
+or husband. If life leaves us not of itself, we must not resign
+it. For this leaving of life, if we examine it, is merely for our
+own interest, because we cannot bear our own cureless pain. To the
+dead man it brings no good whatever. For it is no means of bringing
+him back to life, or heaping up merit, or gaining heaven for him,
+or saving him from hell, or seeing him again, or being reunited with
+him. (339) For he is led helplessly, irresistibly to another state
+meet for the fruits of his own deeds. And yet he shares in the guilt
+of the friend who has killed himself. But a man who lives on can help
+greatly, by offerings of water and the like, both the dead man and
+himself; but by dying he helps neither. Remember how Rati, the sole
+and beloved wife of Love, when her noble husband, who won the hearts
+of all women, was burnt up by the fire of Civa, yet did not yield
+her life; and remember also Kunti, of the race of Vrishni, daughter
+of Surasena, for her lord was Pandu the wise; his seat was perfumed
+by the flowers in the crests of all the kings whom he had conquered
+without an effort, and he received the tribute of the whole earth,
+and yet when he was consumed by Kindama's curse she still remained
+alive. Uttara, too, the young daughter of Virata, on the death of
+Abhimanyu, gentle and heroic, and joyful to the eyes as the young
+moon, yet lived on. And Duhcalya, too, daughter of Dhritarashtra,
+tenderly cared for by her hundred brothers; when Jayadratha, king of
+Sindhu, was slain by Arjuna, fair as he was and great as he had become
+by Civa's [288] gift, yet made no resignation of her life. (340)
+And others are told of by thousands, daughters of Rakshasas, gods,
+demons, ascetics, mortals, siddhas and Gandharvas, who when bereft
+of their husbands yet preserved their lives. Still, where reunion
+is doubtful, life might be yielded. But for thee, thou hast heard
+from that great being a promise of reunion. What doubt can there be
+in a matter of thine own experience, and how could falsehood find
+a place in the words of such noble truth-speaking saints, even when
+there might be greater cause? And what union could there be between
+the dead and the living? Therefore of a surety that wondrous being
+was filled with pity and carried away Pundarika to heaven solely
+to bring him back to life. For the power of great men transcends
+thought. Life has many aspects. Destiny is manifold. Those skilled in
+penance are fitted for wondrous miracles. Many are the forms of power
+gained by previous actions. Moreover, however subtly we may consider
+the matter, what other cause can we imagine for Pundarika's being
+taken away, but the gift of fresh life. And this, thou must know,
+is not impossible. It is a path often trodden. (341) For Pramadvara,
+daughter of Vicvavasu, king of the Gandharvas and Menaka, lost her
+life through a poisonous snake at the hermitage of Sthulakeca, and
+the young ascetic Ruru, son of Pramati and grandson of the Bhrigu
+Cyavana, provided her with half his own life. And when Arjuna was
+following the Acvamedha steed, he was pierced in the van of the
+battle by an arrow from his own son Babhruvahana, and a Naga maiden,
+Ulupa, brought him back to life. When Parikshit, Abhimanyu's son,
+was consumed by Acvatthama's fiery dart, though he had already died
+at birth, Krishna, filled with pity by Uttara's lament, restored
+his precious life. And at Ujjayini, he whose steps are honoured
+by the three worlds, carried off from the city of death the son of
+Sandipani the Brahman, and brought him back. [289] And in thy case,
+too, the same will somehow come to pass. For by thy present grief,
+what is effected or what won? Fate is all-powerful. Destiny is
+strong. We cannot even draw a breath at our own will. The freaks of
+that accursed and most harsh destiny are exceeding cruel. A love fair
+in its sincerity is not allowed long to endure; for joys are wont to
+be in their essence frail and unlasting, while sorrows by their nature
+are long-lived. (342) For how hardly are mortals united in one life,
+while in a thousand lives they are separated. Thou canst not surely
+then blame thyself, all undeserving of blame. For these things often
+happen to those who enter the tangled path of transmigration, and it
+is the brave who conquer misfortune.' With such gentle and soothing
+words he consoled her, and made her, albeit reluctantly, bathe her
+face with water brought in his joined hands from the cascade.
+
+'"Straightway the sun began to sink, as if he were leaving the day's
+duties from grief at hearing Mahacveta's story. Then day faded away;
+the sun hung shining red as the pollen of a cluster of priyangu in full
+blossom; the quarters of space were losing the glow of sunset soft
+as silk dyed in the juice of many lotuses; (343) the sky was tinged
+with red, glowing like the pupils of a partridge, [290] while its
+blue was hidden; twilight was reddening and lighting up the earth,
+tawny as a pigeon's eye; the clusters of stars shone forth, vying
+with each other; the darkness of night was deepening into black,
+and stealing away the broad path of the stars with its form dark as a
+forest buffalo; the woodland avenues seemed massed together as their
+green was hidden by deep gloom; the wind wandered cooled by night-dew,
+with its path tracked by the perfume of the wild flowers as it stirred
+the tangle of trees and creepers; and when night had its birds all
+still in sleep Mahacveta slowly rose, and saying her evening prayers,
+washed her feet with water from the pitcher and sat down with a hot,
+sorrowful sigh on her bark couch. Candrapida, too, rose and poured a
+libation of water strewn with flowers, said his evening prayer, and
+made a couch on the other rock with soft creeper boughs. As he rested
+upon it he went over Mahacveta's story again in his mind. 'This evil
+Love,' thought he, 'has a power hard alike to cure and to endure. For
+even great men, when overcome by him, regard not the course of time,
+but suddenly lose all courage and surrender life. Yet all hail to
+Love, whose rule is honoured throughout the three worlds!' (344)
+And again he asked her: 'She that was thy handmaiden, thy friend in
+the resolve to dwell in the woods, and the sharer of the ascetic vow
+taken in thy sorrow--Taralika, where is she?' 'Noble sir,' she replied,
+'from the race of Apsarases sprung from ambrosia of which I told you,
+there was born a fair-eyed daughter named Madira, [291] who married
+King Citraratha, the king whose footstool was formed of the buds in
+the crests of all the Gandharvas. Charmed by her countless virtues,
+he showed his favour by giving her the title of Chief Queen, bearing
+with it cowrie, sceptre and umbrella, marked by a golden throne,
+and placing all the zenana below her--a woman's rarest glory! And,
+as they pursued together the joys of youth in their utter devotion
+to each other, a priceless daughter was in due time born to them,
+by name Kadambari, most wondrous, the very life of her parents, and
+of the whole Gandharva race, and even of all living beings. From her
+birth she was the friend of my childhood, and shared with me seat,
+couch, meat and drink; on her my deepest love was set, and she was
+the home of all my confidence, and like my other heart. Together we
+learnt to dance and sing, and our childhood passed away free from
+restraint in the sports that belong to it. (345) From sorrow at my
+unhappy story she made a resolve that she would in nowise accept a
+husband while I was still in grief, and before her girl friends she
+took an oath, saying: "If my father should in anywise or at any time
+wish to marry me against my will and by force, I will end my life
+by hunger, fire, cord, or poison." Citraratha himself heard all the
+resolution of his daughter, spoken of positively in the repeated
+gossip of her attendants, and as time went on, seeing that she was
+growing to full youth, he became prey to great vexation, and for a
+time took pleasure in nothing, and yet, as she was his only child and
+he dearly loved her, he could say nothing to her, though he saw no
+other resource. But as he deemed the time now ripe, he considered the
+matter with Queen Madira, and sent the herald Kshiroda to me at early
+dawn with the message: "Dear Mahacveta, our hearts were already burnt
+up by thy sad fate, and now this new thing has come upon us. To thee
+we look to win back Kadambari." Thereupon, in reverence to the words
+of one so respected, and in love to my friend, I sent Taralika with
+Kshiroda to bid Kadambari not add grief to one already sad enough;
+(346) for if she wished me to live she must fulfil her father's words;
+and ere Taralika had been long gone, thou, noble sir, camest to this
+spot.' So saying she was silent.
+
+'"Then the moon arose, simulating by his mark the heart of Mahacveta,
+burnt through by the fire of grief, bearing the great crime of
+the young ascetic's death, showing the long ingrained scar of the
+burning of Daksha's curse, [292] white with thick ashes, and half
+covered by black antelope skin, like the left breast of Durga, the
+crest-jewel of Civa's thick locks. (347) Then at length Candrapida
+beheld Mahacveta asleep, and quietly lay down himself on his leafy
+couch and fell asleep while thinking what Vaicampayana and sorrowing
+Patralekha and his princely compeers would then be imagining about him.
+
+'"Then at dawn, when Mahacveta had honoured the twilight and was
+murmuring the aghamarshana, and Candrapida had said his morning
+prayer, Taralika was seen coming with a Gandharva boy named Keyuraka
+(348). As she drew near, she looked long at Candrapida, wondering
+who he might be, and approaching Mahacveta, she bowed low and sat
+respectfully by her. Then Keyuraka, with head low bent even from
+afar, took his place on a rock some way off, assigned to him by a
+glance from Mahacveta, and was filled with wonder at the sight of
+Candrapida's marvellous beauty, rare, mocking that of gods, demons,
+Gandharvas, and Vidyadharas, and surpassing even the god of love.
+
+(349) '"When she had finished her prayers, Mahacveta asked Taralika,
+'Didst thou see my dear Kadambari well? and will she do as I
+said?' 'Princess,' said Taralika, in a very sweet voice, with
+head respectfully inclined, 'I saw Princess Kadambari well in all
+respects, and told her all thine advice; and what was her reply,
+when with a continuous stream of thick tears she had heard it, that
+her lute-player Keyuraka, whom she has sent, shall tell thee;' and
+as she ceased Keyuraka said, 'Princess Mahacveta, my lady Kadambari,
+with a close embrace, sends this message, "Is this, that Taralika
+has been sent to tell me, said to please my parents or to test my
+feelings, or to subtly reproach me for my crime in dwelling at home;
+or is it a desire to break our friendship, or a device to desert
+one who loves her, or is it simply anger? Thou knowest that my heart
+overflows with a love that was inborn in me. How wert thou not ashamed
+to send so cruel a message? Thou, erst so soft of speech, from whom
+hast thou learnt to speak unkindness and utter reproach? Who in his
+senses would, even if happy, make up his mind to undertake even a
+slight matter that would end in pain? how much less one like me,
+whose heart is struck down by deep grief? For in a heart worn by a
+friend's sorrow, what hope is there of joy, what contentment, what
+pleasures or what mirth? (350) How should I fulfil the desire of Love,
+poisonous, pitiless, unkind, who has brought my dear friend to so
+sad a plight? Even the hen cakravaka, when the lotus-beds are widowed
+by the sun's setting, renounces from the friendship that arises from
+dwelling among them, the joys of union with her lord; how much more,
+then, should women! While my friend dwells day and night sorrowing
+for the loss of her lord and avoiding the sight of mankind, how
+could anyone else enter my heart; and while my friend in her sorrow
+tortures herself with penances and suffers great pain, how could I
+think so lightly of that as to seek my own happiness and accept a
+husband, or how could any happiness befall me? For from love of thee
+I have in this matter accepted disgrace by embracing an independent
+life contrary to the wont of maidens. I have despised noble breeding,
+transgressed my parent's commands, set at nought the gossip of mankind,
+thrown away modesty, a woman's inborn grace; how, tell me, should such
+a one go back? Therefore I salute thee, I bow before thee, I embrace
+thy feet; be gracious to me. As thou hast gone hence into the forest,
+taking my life with thee, make not this request in thy mind, even in
+a dream."' (351) Thus having said, he became silent, and Mahacveta
+thought long, and then dismissed Keyuraka, saying, 'Do thou depart;
+I will go to her and do what is fitting.' On his departure she said
+to Candrapida, 'Prince, Hemakuta is pleasant and the royal city of
+Citraratha marvellous; the Kinnara country is curious, the Gandharva
+world beautiful, and Kadambari is noble and generous of heart. If
+thou deemest not the journey too tedious, if no serious business is
+hindered, if thy mind is curious to behold rare sights, if thou art
+encouraged by my words, if the sight of wonders gives thee joy, if
+thou wilt deign to grant my request, if thou thinkest me worthy of
+not being denied, if any friendship has grown up between us, or if
+I am deserving of thy favour, then thou canst not disdain to fulfil
+this prayer. Thou canst go hence with me, and see not only Hemakuta,
+that treasure of beauty, but my second self, Kadambari; and having
+removed this foolish freak of hers, thou canst rest for one day,
+and return hither the next morn. For by the sight of thy kindness so
+freely [293] given, my grief has become bearable, since I have told
+thee my story, breathed out as it was from a heart long overwhelmed
+with the darkness of grief. (352) For the presence of the good gives
+joy even to those who are sad at heart, and a virtue springs from
+such as thou art that wholly tends to make others happy.'
+
+'"'Lady,' replied Candrapida, 'from the first moment of seeing thee
+I have been devoted to thy service. Let thy will be imposed without
+hesitation'; so saying, he started in her company.
+
+'"In due time he reached Hemakuta, the royal city of the Gandharvas,
+and passing through the seven inner courts with their golden arches,
+the prince approached the door of the maidens' dwelling. Escorted
+by porters, who ran forward at the sight of Mahacveta, bowing while
+yet far off, and holding their golden staves, he entered and beheld
+the inside of the maidens' palace. It seemed a new woman's world,
+consisting wholly of women in countless numbers, as if the womankind
+of the three worlds had been gathered together to make such a total;
+or it might be a fresh manless creation, a yet unborn continent of
+girls, a fifth women's era, a fresh race created by Prajapati out of
+hatred for men, or a treasury of women prepared for the making of many
+yugas. The wave of girlish beauty which surrounded it on all sides,
+which flooded space, sprinkled nectar on the day, rained splendour on
+the interstices of the world, and shone lustrous as an emerald, made
+the place all aglow as if with thousands of moons; (353) it seemed
+modelled in moonlight; jewels made another sky; service was done by
+bright glances; every part was made for youthful pleasures; here was
+an assemblage for Rati's sports, a material for Love's practice; here
+the entrance of all was made smooth by Love; here all was affection,
+beauty, the supreme deity of passion, the arrows of Love, here all
+was wonder, marvel, and tenderness of youth. (356) When he had gone a
+little way in he heard the pleasant talk of the maidens round Kadambari
+as they wandered hither and thither. Such as 'Lavalika, deck the
+lavali trenches with ketaki pollen. Sagarika, sprinkle jewelled dust
+in the tanks of scented water. Mrinalika, inlay with saffron dust the
+pairs of toy [294] cakravakas in the artificial lotus-beds. Makarika,
+scent the pot-pourri with camphor-juice. Rajanika, place jewelled
+lamps in the dark tamala avenues. Kumudika, cover the pomegranates
+with pearly nets to keep off the birds. Nipunika, draw saffron
+lines on the breasts of the jewelled dolls. Utpalika, sweep with
+golden brooms the emerald arbour in the plaintain house. Kesarika,
+sprinkle with wine the houses of bakul flowers. Malatika, redden with
+red lead the ivory roof of Kama's shrine. Nalinika, give the tame
+kalahamsas lotus-honey to drink. Kadalika, take the tame peacocks to
+the shower-bath. Kamalinika, give some sap from the lotus-fibres to
+the young cakravakas. Cutalatika, give the caged pigeons their meal
+of mango-buds. Pallavika, distribute to the tame haritala pigeons
+some topmost leaves of the pepper-tree. Lavangika, throw some pieces
+of pippali leaves into the partridges' cages. Madhukarika, make some
+flowery ornaments. Mayurika, dismiss the pairs of kinnaras in the
+singing-room. Kandalika, bring up the pairs of partridges to the top
+of the playing hill. Harinika, give the caged parrots and mainas
+their lesson.'
+
+(358) '"Then he beheld Kadambari herself in the midst of her pavilion
+encircled by a bevy of maidens sitting by her, whose glittering gems
+made them like a cluster of kalpa trees. [295] (359) She was resting
+on her bent arms, which lay on a white pillow placed on a small couch
+covered with blue silk; she was fanned by cowrie-bearers, that in the
+motion of their waving arms were like swimmers in the wide-flowing
+stream of her beauty, as if it covered the earth, which was only held
+up by the tusks of Mahavaraha.
+
+'"And as her reflection fell, she seemed on the jewelled pavement
+below to be borne away by serpents; on the walls hard by to be led
+by the guardians of space; on the roof above to be cast upwards by
+the gods; to be received by the pillars into their inmost heart;
+to be drunk in by the palace mirrors, to be lifted to the sky by the
+Vidyadharas scattered in the pavilion, looking down from the roof;
+to be surrounded by the universe concealed in the guise of pictures,
+all thronging together to see her; to be gazed at by the palace itself,
+which had gained a thousand eyes to behold her, in that the eyes of its
+peacocks' tails were outspread as they danced to the clashing of her
+gems; and to be steadily looked on by her own attendants, who seemed
+in their eagerness to behold her to have gained a divine insight.
+
+'"Her beauty bore the impress of awakening love, though but yet in
+promise, and she seemed to be casting childhood aside like a thing
+of no worth.
+
+(365) '"Such was Kadambari as the prince beheld her. Before her was
+seated Keyuraka, loud in praise of Candrapida's beauty, as Kadambari
+questioned him, saying, 'Who is he, and what are his parentage, name,
+appearance, and age? What did he say, and what didst thou reply? How
+long didst thou see him? how has he become so close a friend to
+Mahacveta? and why is he coming hither?'
+
+'"Now, on beholding the moonlike beauty of Kadambari's face, the
+prince's heart was stirred like the tide of ocean. 'Why,' thought he,
+'did not the Creator make all my senses into sight, or what noble
+deed has my eye done that it may look on her unchecked? Surely it is
+a wonder! The Creator has here made a home for every charm! Whence
+have the parts of this exceeding beauty been gathered? Surely from
+the tears that fell from the Creator's eyes in the labour of thought,
+as he gently moulded her with his hands, all the lotuses in the world
+have their birth.'
+
+(366) '"And as he thus thought his eye met hers, and she, thinking,
+'This is he of whom Keyuraka spoke,' let her glance, widened by wonder
+at his exceeding beauty, dwell long and quietly on him. Confused
+by the sight of Kadambari, yet illumined by the brightness of her
+gaze, he stood for a moment like a rock, while at the sight of him a
+thrill rose in Kadambari, her jewels clashed, and she half rose. Then
+love caused a glow, but the excuse was the effort of hastily rising;
+trembling hindered her steps--the hamsas around, drawn by the sound of
+the anklets, got the blame; the heaving of a sigh stirred her robe--it
+was thought due to the wind of the cowries; her hand fell on her heart,
+as if to touch Candrapida's image that had entered in--it pretended to
+cover her bosom; she let fall tears of joy--the excuse was the pollen
+falling from the flowers in her ear. Shame choked her voice--the swarm
+of bees hastening to the lotus sweetness of her mouth was the cause;
+(367) the pain of the first touch of Love's arrow caused a sigh--the
+pain of the ketaki thorns amidst the flowers shared the guilt; a tremor
+shook her hand--keeping off the portress who had come with a message
+was her pretence; and while love was thus entering into Kadambari,
+a second love, as it were, arose, who with her entered the heart
+of Candrapida. For he thought the flash of her jewels but a veil,
+her entrance into his heart a favour, the tinkling of her gems a
+conversation, her capture of all his senses a grace, and contact
+with her bright beauty the fulfilment of all his wishes. Meanwhile
+Kadambari, advancing with difficulty a few steps, affectionately and
+with yearning embraced her friend, who also yearned for the sight
+of her so long delayed; and Mahacveta returned her embrace yet more
+closely, and said, 'Dear Kadambari, in the land of Bharata there is a
+king named Tarapida, who wards off all grief [296] from his subjects,
+and who has impressed his seal on the Four Oceans by the edge of the
+hoofs of his noble steeds; and this his son, named Candrapida, decked
+[297] with the orb of earth resting on the support of his own rock-like
+arms, has, in pursuit of world conquest, approached this land; and
+he, from the moment I first beheld him, has instinctively become my
+friend, though there was nought to make him so; and, though my heart
+was cold from its resignation of all ties, yet he has attracted it by
+the rare and innate nobility of his character. (368) For it is rare
+to find a man of keen mind who is at once true of heart, unselfish in
+friendship, and wholly swayed by courtesy. Wherefore, having beheld
+him, I brought him hither by force. For I thought thou shouldst
+behold as I have done a wonder of Brahma's workmanship, a peerless
+owner of beauty, a supplanter of Lakshmi, earth's joy in a noble lord,
+the surpassing of gods by mortals, the full fruition of woman's eyes,
+the only meeting-place of all graces, the empire of nobility, and the
+mirror of courtesy for men. And my dear friend has often been spoken
+of to him by me. Therefore dismiss shame on the ground of his being
+unseen before, lay aside diffidence as to his being a stranger, cast
+away suspicion rising from his character being unknown, and behave
+to him as to me. He is thy friend, thy kinsman, and thy servant.' At
+these words of hers Candrapida bowed low before Kadambari, and as she
+glanced sideways at him affectionately there fell from her eyes, with
+their beautiful pupils turned towards the corner of their long orbs,
+a flood of joyous tears, as though from weariness. The moonlight of a
+smile, white as nectar, darted forth, as if it were the dust raised
+by the heart as it hastily set out; one eyebrow was raised as if to
+bid the head honour with an answering reverence the guest so dear to
+the heart; (369) her hand crept to her softly parting lips, and might
+seem, as the light of an emerald ring flashed between the fingers,
+to have taken some betel. She bowed diffidently, and then sat down on
+the couch with Mahacveta, and the attendants quickly brought a stool
+with gold feet and a covering of white silk, and placed it near the
+couch, and Candrapida took his seat thereon. To please Mahacveta, the
+portresses, knowing Kadambari's wishes, and having by a hand placed on
+closed lips received an order to stop all sounds, checked on every side
+the sound of pipe, lute and song, and the Magadha women's cry of 'All
+hail!' (370) When the servants had quickly brought water, Kadambari
+herself washed Mahacveta's feet, and, drying them with her robe,
+sat on the couch again; and Madalekha, a friend worthy of Kadambari,
+dear as her own life and the home of all her confidence, insisted
+on washing Candrapida's feet, unwilling though he were. Mahacveta
+meanwhile asked Kadambari how she was, and lovingly touched with her
+hand the corner of her friend's eyes, which shone with the reflected
+light of her earrings; she lifted the flowers in Kadambari's ear,
+all covered with bees, and softly stroked the coils of her hair,
+roughened by the wind of the cowries. And Kadambari, ashamed, from
+love to her friend, of her own well-being, as though feeling that in
+still dwelling at home she had committed a crime, said with an effort
+that all was well with her. Then, though filled with grief and intent
+on gazing at Mahacveta's face, yet her eye, with its pupil dark and
+quivering as it looked out sideways, was, under the influence of love,
+with bow fully bent, irresistibly drawn by Candrapida's face, and she
+could not turn it away. At that same moment she felt jealousy [298]
+of his being pictured on the cheek of her friend standing near--the
+pain of absence as his reflection faded away on her own breast,
+pierced by a thrill--the anger of a rival wife as the image of the
+statues fell on him--the sorrow of despair as he closed his eyes,
+and blindness as his image was veiled by tears of joy.
+
+(371) '"At the end of a moment Mahacveta said to Kadambari as she was
+intent on giving betel: 'Dear Kadambari, the moment has approached for
+us to show honour to our newly arrived guest, Candrapida. Therefore
+give him some.' But averting her bent face, Kadambari replied slowly
+and indistinctly, 'Dear friend, I am ashamed to do so, for I do not
+know him. Do thou take it, for thou canst without the forwardness
+there would be in me, and give it him'; and it was only after many
+persuasions, that with difficulty, and like a village maiden, she
+resolved to give it. Her eyes were never drawn from Mahacveta's face,
+her limbs trembled, her glance wavered, she sighed deeply, she was
+stunned by Love with his shaft, and she seemed a prey to terror
+as she stretched forth her hand, holding the betel as if trying to
+cling to something under the idea she was falling. The hand Candrapida
+stretched out, by nature pink, as if red lead had fallen upon it from
+the flapping of his triumphal elephant, was darkened by the scars of
+the bowstring, and seemed to have drops of collyrium clinging to it
+from touching the eyes of his enemies' Lakshmi, weeping as he drew
+her by the hair; (372) its fingers by the forth-flashing rays of
+his nails seemed to run up hastily, to grow long and to laugh, and
+the hand seemed to raise five other fingers in the five senses that,
+in desire to touch her, had just made their entry full of love. Then
+contending feelings [299] took possession of Kadambari as if they
+had gathered together in curiosity to see the grace at that moment so
+easy of access. Her hand, as she did not look whither it was going,
+was stretched vainly forth, and the rays of its nails seemed to hasten
+forward to seek Candrapida's hand; and with the murmur of the line
+of bracelets stirred by her trembling, it seemed to say, as drops of
+moisture arose on it, 'Let this slave offered by Love be accepted,'
+[300] as if she were offering herself, and 'Henceforth it is in thy
+hand,' as if she were making it into a living being, and so she gave
+the betel. And in drawing back her hand she did not notice the fall
+of her bracelet, which had slipped down her arm in eagerness to touch
+him, like her heart pierced by Love's shaft; and taking another piece
+of betel, she gave it to Mahacveta.
+
+(373) '"Then there came up with hasty steps a maina, a very flower,
+in that her feet were yellow as lotus filaments, her beak was like
+a campak bud, and her wings blue as a lotus petal. Close behind her
+came a parrot, slow in gait, emerald-winged, with a beak like coral
+and neck bearing a curved, three-rayed rainbow. Angrily the maina
+began: 'Princess Kadambari, why dost thou not restrain this wretched,
+ill-mannered, conceited bird from following me? If thou overlookest
+my being oppressed by him, I will certainly destroy myself. I swear
+it truly by thy lotus feet.' At these words Kadambari smiled; but
+Mahacveta, not knowing the story, asked Madalekha what she was saying,
+and she told the following tale: 'This maina, Kalindi, is a friend
+of Princess Kadambari, and was given by her solemnly in marriage to
+Parihasa, the parrot. And to-day, ever since she saw him reciting
+something at early dawn to Kadambari's betel-bearer, Tamalika, alone,
+she has been filled with jealousy, and in frowardness of wrath will
+not go near him, or speak, or touch, or look at him; and though
+we have all tried to soothe her, she will not be soothed.' (374)
+Thereat a smile spread over Candrapida's face, and he softly laughed
+and said, 'This is the course of gossip. It is heard in the court;
+by a succession of ears the attendants pass it on; the outside
+world repeats it; the tale wanders to the ends of the earth, and we
+too hear how this parrot Parihasa has fallen in love with Princess
+Kadambari's betel-bearer, and, enslaved by love, knows nothing of the
+past. Away with this ill-behaved, shameless deserter of his wife,
+and away with her too! But is it fitting in the Princess not to
+restrain her giddy slave? Perhaps her cruelty, however, was shown at
+the first in giving poor Kalindi to this ill-conducted bird. What can
+she do now? For women feel that a shared wifehood is the bitterest
+matter for indignation, the chief cause for estrangement, and the
+greatest possible insult. Kalindi has been only too patient that in
+the aversion caused by this weight of grief she has not slain herself
+by poison, fire, or famine. For nothing makes a woman more despised;
+and if, after such a crime, she is willing to be reconciled and to
+live with him again, shame on her! enough of her! let her be banished
+and cast out in scorn! Who will speak to her or look at her again,
+and who will mention her name?' A laugh arose among Kadambari's women
+as they heard [301] his mirthful words. (375) But Parihasa, hearing
+his jesting speech, said: 'Cunning Prince, she is clever. Unsteady
+as she is, she is not to be taken in by thee or anyone else. She
+knows all these crooked speeches. She understands a jest. Her mind is
+sharpened by contact with a court. Cease thy jests. She is no subject
+for the talk of bold men. For, soft of speech as she is, she knows
+well the time, cause, measure, object, and topic for wrath and for
+peace.' Meanwhile, a herald came up and said to Mahacveta: 'Princess,
+King Citraratha and Queen Madira send to see thee,' and she, eager
+to go, asked Kadambari, 'Friend, where should Candrapida stay?' The
+latter, inwardly smiling at the thought that he had already found a
+place in the heart of thousands of women, said aloud, 'Dear Mahacveta,
+why speak thus? Since I beheld him I have not been mistress of myself,
+far less than of my palace and my servants. Let him stay wherever it
+pleases him and my dear friend's heart.' Thereon Mahacveta replied,
+"Let him stay in the jewelled house on the playing hill of the royal
+garden near thy palace,' and went to see the king.
+
+(376) '"Candrapida went away at her departure, followed by maidens,
+sent for his amusement by the portress at Kadambari's bidding,
+players on lute and pipe, singers, skilful dice and draught players,
+practised painters and reciters of graceful verses; he was led by
+his old acquaintance Keyuraka to the jewelled hall on the playing hill.
+
+'"When he was gone the Gandharva princess dismissed her girl-friends
+and attendants, and followed only by a few, went into the palace. There
+she fell on her couch, while her maidens stayed some way off, full
+of respect, and tried to comfort her. At length she came to herself,
+and remaining alone, she was filled with shame. For Modesty censured
+her: 'Light one, what hast thou begun?' Self-respect reproached her:
+'Gandharva Princess, how is this fitting for thee?' Simplicity mocked
+her: 'Where has thy childhood gone before its day was over?' Youth
+warned her: 'Wilful girl, do not carry out alone any wild plan of
+thine own!' Dignity rebuked her: 'Timid child, this is not the course
+of a high-born maiden.' Conduct blamed her: 'Reckless girl, avoid
+this unseemly behaviour!' High Birth admonished her: 'Foolish one,
+love hath led thee into lightness.' Steadfastness cried shame on her:
+'Whence comes thine unsteadiness of nature?' Nobility rebuked her:
+'Self-willed, my authority is set at nought by thee.'
+
+(377) '"And she thought within herself, 'What shameful conduct is this
+of mine, in that I cast away all fear, and show my unsteadiness and
+am blinded by folly. In my audacity I never thought he was a stranger;
+in my shamelessness I did not consider that he would think me light of
+nature; I never examined his character; I never thought in my folly if
+I were worthy of his regard; I had no dread of an unexpected rebuff;
+I had no fear of my parents, no anxiety about gossip. Nay, more, I
+did not in my unkindness [302] remember that Mahacveta was in sorrow;
+in my stupidity I did not notice that my friends stood by and beheld
+me; in my utter dullness I did not see that my servants behind were
+observing me. Even grave minds would mark such utter forgetfulness of
+seemliness; how much more Mahacveta, who knows the course of love;
+and my friends skilled in all its ways, and my attendants who know
+all its symptoms, and whose wits are sharpened by life at court. The
+slaves of a zenana have keen eyes in such matters. My evil fate has
+undone me! Better were it for me now to die than live a shameful
+life. What will my father and mother and the Gandharvas say when they
+hear this tale? What can I do? What remedy is there? How can I cover
+this error? To whom can I tell this folly of my undisciplined senses,
+(378) and where shall I go, consumed by Kama, the five-arrowed god? I
+had made a promise in Mahacveta's sorrow, I had announced it before
+my friends, I had sent a message of it by the hands of Keyuraka, and
+how it has now come about that that beguiling Candrapida has been
+brought hither, I know not, ill-fated that I am; whether it be by
+cruel fate or proud love, or nemesis of my former deeds, or accursed
+death, or anything else. But some power unseen, unknown, unheard of,
+unthought of and unimagined before, has come to delude me. At the
+mere sight of him I am a captive in bonds; I am cast into a cage
+and handed over by my senses; I am enslaved and led to him by Love;
+I am sent away by affection; I am sold at a price by my feelings; I
+am made as a household chattel by my heart. I will have nothing to do
+with this worthless one!' Thus for a moment she resolved. But having
+made this resolve, she was mocked by Candrapida's image stirred by
+the trembling of her heart, 'If thou, in thy false reserve, will have
+nought to do with me, I will go.' She was asked by her life, which
+clung to her in a farewell embrace before starting at the moment of
+her determination to give up Candrapida; (379) she was addressed by a
+tear that rose at that moment, 'Let him be seen once more with clearer
+eyes, whether he be worthy of rejection or no'; she was chidden by
+Love, saying, 'I will take away thy pride together with thy life;'
+and so her heart was again turned to Candrapida. Overwhelmed, when
+the force of her meditation had collapsed, by the access of love,
+she rose, under its sway, and stood looking through the window at the
+playing hill. And there, as if bewildered by a veil of joyful tears,
+she saw with her memory, not her eyes; as if fearing to soil with a
+hot hand her picture, she painted with her fancy, not with her brush;
+dreading the intervention of a thrill, she offered an embrace with
+her heart, not her breast; unable to bear his delay in coming, she
+sent her mind, not her servants, to meet him.
+
+'"Meanwhile, Candrapida willingly entered the jewelled house, as if it
+were a second heart of Kadambari. On the rock was strewn a blanket,
+with pillows piled on it at either end, and thereon he lay down,
+with his feet in Keyuraka's lap, while the maidens sat round him
+in the places appointed for them. With a heart in turmoil he betook
+himself to reflection: 'Are these graces of Princess Kadambari, that
+steal all men's hearts, innate in her, or has Love, with kindness won
+by no service of mine, ordained them for me? (380) For she gave me a
+sidelong glance with loving, reddened eyes half curved as if they were
+covered with the pollen of Love's flowery darts as they fell on her
+heart. She modestly veiled herself with a bright smile fair as silk
+as I looked at her. She offered the mirror of her cheek to receive my
+image, as in shame at my gaze she averted her face. She sketched on
+the couch with her nail the first trace of wilfulness of a heart that
+was giving me entrance. Her hand, moist with the fatigue of bringing
+me the betel, seemed in its trembling to fan her hot face, as if it
+were a tamala branch she had taken, for a swarm of bees hovered round
+it, mistaking it for a rosy lotus. Perhaps,' he went on to reflect,
+'the light readiness to hope so common among mortals is now deceiving
+me with a throng of vain desires; and the glow of youth, devoid of
+judgment, or Love himself, makes my brain reel; whence the eyes of
+the young, as though struck by cataract, magnify even a small spot;
+and a tiny speck of affection is spread far by youthful ardour as by
+water. An excited heart like a poet's imagination is bewildered by
+the throng of fancies that it calls up of itself, and draws likenesses
+from everything; youthful feelings in the hand of cunning love are as
+a brush, and shrink from painting nothing; and imagination, proud of
+her suddenly gained beauty, turns in every direction. (381) Longing
+shows as in a dream what I have felt. Hope, like a conjuror's wand,
+[303] sets before us what can never be. Why, then,' thought he again,
+'should I thus weary my mind in vain? If this bright-eyed maiden
+is indeed thus inclined towards me, Love, who is so kind without my
+asking, will ere long make it plain to me. He will be the decider of
+this doubt.' Having at length come to this decision, he rose, then
+sat down, and merrily joined the damsels in gentle talk and graceful
+amusements--with dice, song, lute, tabor, concerts of mingled sound,
+and murmur of tender verse. After resting a short time he went out
+to see the park, and climbed to the top of the pleasure hill.
+
+'"Kadambari saw him, and bade that the window should be opened to watch
+for Mahacveta's return, saying, 'She tarries long,' and, with a heart
+tossed by Love, mounted to the roof of the palace. There she stayed
+with a few attendants, protected from the heat by a gold-handled
+umbrella, white as the full moon, and fanned by the waving of four
+yaks' tails pure as foam. She seemed to be practising an adornment fit
+for going to meet [304] Candrapida, by means of the bees which hovered
+round her head, eager for the scent of the flowers, which veiled her
+even by day in darkness. Now she leaned on the point of the cowrie,
+now on the stick of the umbrella; now she laid her hands on Tamalika's
+shoulder, (382), now she clung to Madalekha; now she hid herself amidst
+her maidens, looking with sidelong glance; now she turned herself
+round; now she laid her cheek on the tip of the portress's staff;
+now with a steady hand she placed betel on her fresh lips; now she
+laughingly ran a few steps in pursuit of her maidens scattered by the
+blows of the lotuses she threw at them. And in looking at the prince,
+and being gazed at by him, she knew not how long a time had passed. At
+last a portress announced Mahacveta's return, and she went down, and
+albeit unwilling, yet to please Mahacveta she bathed and performed
+the wonted duties of the day.
+
+'"But Candrapida went down, and dismissing Kadambari's followers,
+performed the rites of bathing, and worshipped the deity honoured
+throughout the mountain, and did all the duties of the day, including
+his meal, on the pleasure hill. There he sat on an emerald seat
+which commanded the front of the pleasure hill, pleasant, green as
+a pigeon, bedewed with foam from the chewing of fawns, shining like
+Yamuna's waters standing still in fear of Balarama's plough, glowing
+crimson with lac-juice from the girls' feet, sanded with flower-dust,
+hidden in a bower, a concert-house of peacocks. He suddenly beheld
+day eclipsed by a stream of white radiance, rich in glory, (383)
+light drunk up as by a garland of lotus-fibres, earth flooded as by
+a Milky Ocean, space bedewed as by a storm of sandal-juice, and the
+sky painted as with white chunam.
+
+'"'What!' thought he, 'is our lord, the Moon, king of plants,
+suddenly risen, or are a thousand shower-baths set going with their
+white streams let loose by a spring, or is it the heavenly Ganges,
+whitening the earth with her wind-tossed spray, that has come down
+to earth in curiosity?'
+
+ [305]'"Then, turning his eyes in the direction of the light, he
+ beheld Kadambari, and with her Madalekha and Taralika bearing a
+ pearl necklace on a tray covered with white silk. (384) Thereupon
+ Candrapida decided that it was this necklace that eclipsed [306]
+ moonlight, and was the cause of the brightness, and by rising while
+ she was yet far off, and by all wonted courtesies, he greeted the
+ approach of Madalekha. For a moment she rested on that emerald seat,
+ and then, rising, anointed him with sandal perfume, put on him two
+ white robes, (385) crowned him with malati flowers, and then gave
+ him the necklace, saying, 'This thy gentleness, my Prince, so devoid
+ of pride, must needs subjugate every heart. Thy kindness gives an
+ opening even to one like me; by thy form thou art lord of life to
+ all; by that tenderness shown even where there is no claim on thee,
+ thou throwest on all a bond of love; the innate sweetness of thy
+ bearing makes every man thy friend; these thy virtues, manifested
+ with such natural gentleness, give confidence to all. Thy form
+ must take the blame, for it inspires trust even at first sight;
+ else words addressed to one of such dignity as thou would seem all
+ unmeet. For to speak with thee would be an insult; our very respect
+ would bring on us the charge of forwardness; our very praise would
+ display our boldness; our subservience would manifest lightness,
+ our love self-deception, our speech to thee audacity, our service
+ impertinence, our gift an insult. Nay, more, thou hast conquered
+ our hearts; what is left for us to give thee? Thou art lord of our
+ life; what can we offer thee? Thou hast already bestowed the great
+ favour of thy presence; what return could we make? Thou by thy sight
+ hast made our life worth having; how can we reward thy coming? (386)
+ Therefore Kadambari with this excuse shows her affection rather than
+ her dignity. Noble hearts admit no question of mine and thine. Away
+ with the thought of dignity. Even if she accepted slavery to one
+ like thee, she would do no unworthy act; even if she gave herself
+ to thee, she would not be deceived; if she gave her life, she
+ would not repent. The generosity of a noble heart is always bent
+ on kindness, and does not willingly reject affection, and askers
+ are less shamefaced than givers. But it is true that Kadambari
+ knows she has offended thee in this matter. Now, this necklace,
+ called Cesha, [307] because it was the only jewel left of all that
+ rose at the churning of nectar, was for that reason greatly valued
+ by the Lord of Ocean, and was given by him to Varuna on his return
+ home. By the latter it was given to the Gandharva king, and by him
+ to Kadambari. And she, thinking thy form worthy of this ornament,
+ in that not the earth, but the sky, is the home of the moon, hath
+ sent it to thee. And though men like thee, who bear no ornament
+ but a noble spirit, find it irksome to wear the gems honoured by
+ meaner men, yet here Kadambari's affection is a reason for thee to
+ do so. (387) Did not Vishnu show his reverence by wearing on his
+ breast the kaustubha gem, because it rose with Lakshmi; and yet he
+ was not greater than thee, nor did the kaustubha gem in the least
+ surpass the Cesha in worth; nor, indeed, does Lakshmi approach in
+ the slightest degree to imitating Kadambari's beauty. And in truth,
+ if her love is crushed by thee, she will grieve Mahacveta [308] with
+ a thousand reproaches, and will slay herself. Mahacveta therefore
+ sends Taralika with the necklace to thee, and bids me say thus:
+ "Let not Kadambari's first impulse of love be crushed by thee, even
+ in thought, most noble prince."' Thus having said, she fastened on
+ his breast the necklace that rested like a bevy of stars on the slope
+ of the golden mountain. Filled with amazement, Candrapida replied:
+ 'What means this, Madalekha? Thou art clever, and knowest how to
+ win acceptance for thy gifts. By leaving me no chance of a reply,
+ thou hast shown skill in oratory. Nay, foolish maiden, what are we
+ in respect of thee, or of acceptance and refusal; truly this talk
+ is nought. Having received kindness from ladies so rich in courtesy,
+ let me be employed in any matter, whether pleasing or displeasing to
+ me. But truly there lives not the man whom the virtues of the most
+ courteous lady Kadambari do not discourteously [309] enslave.' (388)
+ Thus saying, after some talk about Kadambari, he dismissed Madalekha,
+ and ere she had long gone the daughter of Citraratha dismissed her
+ attendants, rejected the insignia of wand, umbrella, and cowrie,
+ and accompanied only by Tamalika, again mounted to the roof of her
+ palace to behold Candrapida, bright with pearls, silk raiment and
+ sandal, go to the pleasure hill, like the moon to the mount of
+ rising. There, with passionate glances imbued with every grace,
+ she stole his heart. (390) And when it became too dark to see, she
+ descended from the roof, and Candrapida, from the slope of the hill.
+
+'"Then the moon, source of nectar, gladdener of all eyes, arose with
+his rays gathered in; he seemed to be worshipped by the night-lotuses,
+to calm the quarters whose faces were dark as if with anger, and
+to avoid the day-lotuses as if from fear of waking them; under the
+guise of his mark he wore night on his heart; he bore in the glow of
+rising the lac that had clung to him from the spurning of Rohini's
+feet; he pursued the sky, in its dark blue veil, like a mistress;
+and by reason of his great goodwill, spread beauty everywhere.
+
+'"And when the moon, the umbrella of the supreme rule of Kama, the
+lord of the lotuses, the ivory earring that decks the night, had
+risen, and when the world was turned to whiteness, as though overlaid
+with ivory, Candrapida lay down on a cool moonlit slab, pearl white,
+pointed out by Kadambari's servants. It was washed with fresh sandal,
+garlanded with pure sinduvara flowers, and carved round with a leafy
+tracery of lotus petals. It lay on the shore of a palace lotus tank,
+that seemed from the full moonlight to be made of night-lotuses,
+[310] with steps white with bricks washed by the waves, as it wafted a
+breeze fanned by the ripples; (391) pairs of hamsas lay there asleep,
+and pairs of cakravakas kept up their dirge of separation thereon. And
+while the Prince yet rested there Keyuraka approached him, and told
+him that Princess Kadambari had come to see him. Then Candrapida rose
+hastily, and beheld Kadambari drawing near. Few of her friends were
+with her; all her royal insignia were removed; she was as it were
+a new self, in the single necklace she wore; her slender form was
+white with the purest sandal-juice; an earring hung from one ear; she
+wore a lotus-petal in the ear, soft as a budding digit of the moon;
+she was clad in robes of the kalpa-tree, [311] clear as moonlight;
+and in the garb that consorted with that hour she stood revealed like
+the very goddess of moonrise, as she rested on the hand offered by
+Madalekha. Drawing near, she showed a grace prompted by love, and
+took her seat on the ground, where servants are wont to sit, like a
+maiden of low degree; and Candrapida, too, though often entreated by
+Madalekha to sit on the rocky seat, took his place on the ground by
+Madalekha; and when all the women were seated he made an effort to
+speak, saying, 'Princess, to one who is thy slave, and whom even a
+glance gladdens, there needs not the favour of speech with thee, far
+less so great a grace as this. (392) For, deeply as I think, I cannot
+see in myself any worth that this height of favour may befit. Most
+noble and sweet in its laying aside of pride is this thy courtesy,
+in that such grace is shown to one but newly thy servant. Perchance
+thou thinkest me a churl that must be won by gifts. Blessed, truly,
+is the servant over whom is thy sway! How great honour is bestowed
+on the servants deemed worthy of the bestowal of thy commands. But
+the body is a gift at the service of any man, and life is light as
+grass, so that I am ashamed in my devotion to greet thy coming with
+such a gift. Here am I, here my body, my life, my senses! Do thou,
+by accepting one of them, raise it to honour.'
+
+'"Madalekha smilingly replied to this speech of his: 'Enough,
+Prince. My friend Kadambari is pained by thy too great ceremony. Why
+speakest thou thus? She accepts thy words without further talk. And
+why, too, is she brought to suspense by these too flattering
+speeches?' and then, waiting a short time, she began afresh: 'How is
+King Tarapida, how Queen Vilasavati, how the noble Cukanasa? What is
+Ujjayini like, and how far off is it? What is the land of Bharata? And
+is the world of mortals pleasant?' So she questioned him. (393)
+After spending some time in such talk, Kadambari rose, and summoning
+Keyuraka, who was lying near Candrapida, and her attendants, she went
+up to her sleeping-chamber. There she adorned a couch strewn with
+a coverlet of white silk. Candrapida, however, on his rock passed
+the night like a moment in thinking, while his feet were rubbed by
+Keyuraka, of the humility, beauty, and depth of Kadambari's character,
+the causeless kindness of Mahacveta, the courtesy of Madalekha, the
+dignity of the attendants, the great splendour of the Gandharva world,
+and the charm of the Kimpurusha land.
+
+'"Then the moon, lord of stars, weary of being kept awake by the sight
+of Kadambari, descended, as if to sleep, to the forest on the shore,
+with its palms and tamalas, talis, banyans, and kandalas, [312] cool
+with the breeze from the hardly stirred [313] ripples. As though with
+the feverish sighs of a woman grieving for her lover's approaching
+absence, the moonlight faded away. Lakshmi, having passed the night
+on the moon lotuses, lay on the sun lotuses, as though love had sprung
+up in her at the sight of Candrapida. At the close of night, when the
+palace lamps grew pale, as if dwindling in longing as they remembered
+the blows of the lotuses in maidens' ears, the breezes of dawn,
+fragrant with creeper-flowers, were wafted, sportive with the sighs
+of Love weary from ceaselessly discharging his shafts; the stars were
+eclipsed by the rising dawn, and took their abode, as through fear, in
+the thick creeper bowers of Mount Mandara. [314] (394) Then when the
+sun arose, with its orb crimson as if a glow remained from dwelling
+in the hearts of the cakravakas, Candrapida, rising from the rock,
+bathed his lotus face, said his morning prayer, took his betel, and
+then bade Keyuraka see whether Princess Kadambari was awake or no, and
+where she was; and when it was announced to him by the latter on his
+return that she was with Mahacveta in the bower of the courtyard below
+the Mandara palace, he started to see the daughter of the Gandharva
+king. There he beheld Mahacveta surrounded by wandering ascetic women
+like visible goddesses of prayer, with marks of white ash on their
+brow, and hands quickly moving as they turned their rosaries; bearing
+the vow of Civa's followers, clad in robes tawny with mineral dyes,
+bound to wear red cloth, robed in the ruddy bark of ripe cocoanuts,
+or girdled with thick white cloth; with fans of white cloth; with
+staves, matted locks, deer-skins, and bark dresses; with the marks of
+male ascetics; reciting the pure praises of Civa, Durga, Kartikeya,
+Vicravasa, [315] Krishna, Avalokitecvara, the Arhat, Virinca. [316]
+Mahacveta herself was showing honour to the elder kinswomen of the
+king, the foremost of the zenana, by salutes, courteous speeches,
+by rising to meet them and placing reed seats for them.
+
+(395) '"He beheld Kadambari also giving her attention to the
+recitation of the Mahabharata, that transcends all good omens, by
+Narada's sweet-voiced daughter, with an accompaniment of flutes soft
+as the murmur of bees, played by a pair of Kinnaras sitting behind
+her. She was looking in a mirror fixed before her at her lip, pale as
+beeswax when the honey is gone, bathed in the moonlight of her teeth,
+though within it was darkened by betel. She was being honoured by a
+sunwise turn in departing by a tame goose wandering like the moon
+in a fixed circle, with wide eyes raised to her sirisha earrings
+in its longing for vallisneria. Here the prince approached, and,
+saluting her, sat down on a seat placed on the dais. After a short
+stay he looked at Mahacveta's face with a gentle smile that dimpled
+his cheek, and she, at once knowing his wish, said to Kadambari:
+'Dear friend, Candrapida is softened by thy virtues as the moonstone
+by the moon, and cannot speak for himself. He wishes to depart; for
+the court he has left behind is thrown into distress, not knowing what
+has happened. Moreover, however far apart you may be from each other,
+this your love, like that of the sun and the day lotus, or the moon and
+the night lotus, will last till the day of doom. Therefore let him go.'
+
+(396) '"'Dear Mahacveta,' replied Kadambari, 'I and my retinue belong
+as wholly to the prince as his own soul. Why, then, this ceremony?' So
+saying, and summoning the Gandharva princes, she bade them escort
+the prince to his own place, and he, rising, bowed before Mahacveta
+first, and then Kadambari, and was greeted by her with eyes and
+heart softened by affection; and with the words, 'Lady, what shall
+I say? For men distrust the multitude of words. Let me be remembered
+in the talk of thy retinue,' he went out of the zenana; and all the
+maidens but Kadambari, drawn by reverence for Candrapida's virtues,
+followed him on his way like his subjects to the outer gate.
+
+'"On their return, he mounted the steed brought by Keyuraka, and,
+escorted by the Gandharva princes, turned to leave Hemakuta. His whole
+thoughts on the way were about Kadambari in all things both within and
+without. With a mind wholly imbued with her, he beheld her behind him,
+dwelling within him in his bitter grief for the cruel separation;
+or before him, stopping him in his path; or cast on the sky, as if
+by the force of longing in his heart troubled by parting, so that
+he could perfectly see her face; he beheld her very self resting
+on his heart, as if her mind were wounded with his loss. When he
+reached Mahacveta's hermitage, he there beheld his own camp, which
+had followed the tracks of Indrayudha.
+
+(397) '"Dismissing the Gandharva princes, he entered his own abode
+amidst the salutations of his troops full of joy, curiosity,
+and wonder; and after greeting the rest of the court, he spent
+the day mostly in talk with Vaicampayana and Patralekha, saying,
+'Thus said Mahacveta, thus Kadambari, thus Madalekha, thus Tamalika,
+thus Keyuraka.' No longer did royal Glory, envious at the sight
+of Kadambari's beauty, find in him her joy; for him night passed
+in wakefulness as he thought, with a mind in ceaseless longing, of
+that bright-eyed maiden. Next morning, at sunrise, he went to his
+pavilion with his mind still fixed on her, and suddenly saw Keyuraka
+entering with a doorkeeper; and as the latter, while yet far off,
+cast himself on the ground, so that his crest swept the floor,
+Candrapida cried, 'Come, come,' greeting him first with a sidelong
+glance, then with his heart, then with a thrill. Then at last he
+hastened forward to give him a hearty and frank embrace, and made
+him sit down by himself. Then, in words brightened by the nectar of
+a smile, and transfused with overflowing love, he reverently asked:
+'Say, Keyuraka, is the lady Kadambari well, and her friends, and
+her retinue, and the lady Mahacveta?' With a low bow, Keyuraka, as
+though he had been bathed, anointed, and refreshed by the smile that
+the prince's deep affection had prompted, replied respectfully:
+
+'"'She is now well, in that my lord asks for her.' And then he showed
+a folded lotus-leaf, wrapped in wet cloth, with its opening closed
+by lotus filaments, and a seal of tender lotus filaments set in a
+paste of wet sandal. (398) This he opened, and showed the tokens
+sent by Kadambari, such as milky betel-nuts of emerald hue, with
+their shells removed and surrounded with fresh sprays, betel-leaves
+pale as the cheek of a hen-parrot, camphor like a solid piece of
+Civa's moon, and sandal ointment pleasant with rich musk scent. 'The
+lady Kadambari,' said he, 'salutes thee with folded hands that kiss
+her crest, and that are rosy with the rays of her tender fingers;
+Mahacveta with a greeting and embrace; Madalekha with a reverence
+and a brow bathed in the moonlight of the crest-gem she has let fall;
+the maidens with the points of the fish-ornaments and the parting of
+their hair resting on the ground; and Taralika, with a prostration
+to touch the dust of thy feet. Mahacveta sends thee this message:
+"Happy truly are they from whose eyes thou art never absent. For
+in truth thy virtues, snowy, cold as the moon when thou art by, in
+thine absence burn like sunlight. Truly all yearn for the past day
+as though it were that day whereon fate with such toil brought forth
+amrita. Without thee the royal Gandharva city is languid as at the end
+of a feast. (399) Thou knowest that I have surrendered all things; yet
+my heart, in my despite, desires to see thee who art so undeservedly
+kind. Kadambari, moreover, is far from well. She recalls thee with thy
+smiling face like Love himself. Thou, by the honour of thy return,
+canst make her proud of having some virtues of her own. For respect
+shown by the noble must needs confer honour. And thou must forgive
+the trouble of knowing such as we. For thine own nobility gives this
+boldness to our address. And here is this Cesha necklace, which was
+left by thee on thy couch."' So saying, he loosed it from his band,
+where it was visible by reason of the long rays that shot through the
+interstices of the fine thread, and placed it in the fan-bearer's hand.
+
+'"'This, indeed, is the reward of doing homage at Mahacveta's feet,
+that the lady Kadambari should lay so great a weight of honour on
+her slave as to remember him," said Candrapida, as he placed all on
+his head [317] and accepted it. The necklace he put round his neck,
+after anointing it with an ointment cool, pleasant, and fragrant,
+as it were with the beauty of Kadambari's cheeks distilled, or the
+light of her smile liquefied, or her heart melted, or her virtues
+throbbing forth. (400) Taking some betel, he rose and stood, with his
+left arm on Keyuraka's shoulder, and then dismissed the courtiers,
+who were gladly paying their wonted homage, and at length went
+to see his elephant Gandhamadana. There he stayed a short time,
+and after he had himself given to the elephant a handful of grass,
+that, being jagged with the rays of his nails, was like lotus-fibre,
+he went to the stable of his favourite steed. On the way he turned
+his face now on this side, now on that, to glance at his retinue,
+and the porters, understanding his wish, forbade all to follow him,
+and dismissed the retinue, so that he entered the stable with Keyuraka
+alone. The grooms bowed and departed, with eyes bewildered by terror
+at their dismissal, and the prince set straight Indrayudha's cloth,
+which had fallen a little on one side, pushed back his mane, tawny
+as a lion's, which was falling on his eyes and half closing them, and
+then, negligently resting his foot on the peg of the tethering-rope,
+and leaning against the stable wall, he eagerly asked:
+
+'"'Tell me, Keyuraka, what has happened in the Gandharva court since
+my departure? In what occupation has the Gandharva princess spent
+the time? What were Mahacveta and Madalekha doing? What talk was
+there? How were you and the retinue employed? And was there any
+talk about me?' Then Keyuraka told him all: 'Listen, prince. On
+thy departure, the lady Kadambari, with her retinue, climbed to the
+palace roof, making in the maidens' palace with the sound of anklets
+the beat of farewell drums that rose from a thousand hearts; (401)
+and she gazed on thy path, gray with the dust of the cavalcade. When
+thou wert out of sight, she laid her face on Mahacveta's shoulder, and,
+in her love, sprinkled the region of thy journey with glances fair as
+the Milky Ocean, and, warding off the sun's touch, as it were, with
+the moon assuming in jealousy the guise of a white umbrella, she long
+remained there. Thence she reluctantly tore herself away and came down,
+and after but a short rest in the pavilion, she arose and went to the
+pleasaunce where thou hadst been. She was guided by bees murmuring in
+the flowers of oblation; startled by the cry of the house peacocks,
+she checked their note as they looked up at the shower-like rays of
+her nails, by the circlets which lay loose round her throat; at every
+step she let her hand rest on creeper-twigs white with flowers, and
+her mind on thy virtues. When she reached the pleasaunce, her retinue
+needlessly told her: "Here the prince stayed on the spray-washed rock,
+with its creeper-bower bedewed by the stream from a pipe that ends
+in an emerald fish-head; here he bathed in a place covered by bees
+absorbed in the fragrance of the scented water; here he worshipped
+Civa on the bank of the mountain stream, sandy with flower-dust; here
+he ate on a crystal stone which eclipsed moonlight; and here he slept
+on a pearly slab with a mark of sandal-juice imprinted on it." (402)
+And so she passed the day, gazing on the signs of thy presence; and
+at close of day Mahacveta prepared for her, though against her will, a
+meal in that crystal dwelling. And when the sun set and the moon rose,
+soon, as though she were a moonstone that moonlight would melt, and
+therefore dreaded the entrance of the moon's reflection, she laid her
+hands on her cheeks, and, as if in thought, remained for a few minutes
+with closed eyes; and then rising, went to her sleeping-chamber,
+scarcely raising her feet as they moved with graceful, languid gait,
+seemingly heavy with bearing the moon's reflection on their bright
+nails. Throwing herself on her couch, she was racked by a severe
+headache, and overcome by a burning fever, and, in company with the
+palace-lamps, the moon-lotuses, and the cakravakas, she passed the
+night open-eyed in bitter grief. And at dawn she summoned me, and
+reproachfully bade me seek for tidings of thee.'
+
+'"At these words, Candrapida, all eager to depart, shouted: 'A
+horse! a horse!' and left the palace. Indrayudha was hastily saddled,
+and brought round by the grooms, and Candrapida mounted, placing
+Patralekha behind him, leaving Vaicampayana in charge of the camp,
+dismissing all his retinue, and followed by Keyuraka on another steed,
+he went to Hemakuta. (403) On his arrival, he dismounted at the gate of
+Kadambari's palace, giving his horse to the doorkeeper, and, followed
+by Patralekha, eager for the first sight of Kadambari, he entered, and
+asked a eunuch who came forward where the lady Kadambari was. Bending
+low, the latter informed him, that she was in the ice-bower on the
+bank of the lotus-tank below the Mattamayura pleasaunce; and then the
+prince, guided by Keyuraka, went some distance through the women's
+garden, and beheld day grow green, and the sunbeams turn into grass
+by the reflection of the plantain-groves with their emerald glow,
+and there he beheld Kadambari. (410) Then she looked with tremulous
+glance at her retinue, as, coming in one after another, they announced
+Candrapida's approach, and asked each by name: 'Tell me, has he really
+come, and hast thou seen him? How far off is he?' She gazed with
+eyes gradually brightening as she saw him yet afar off, and rose from
+her couch of flowers, standing like a newly-caught elephant bound to
+her post, and trembling in every limb. She was veiled in bees drawn
+as vassals by the fragrance of her flowery couch, all murmuring; her
+upper garment was in confusion, and she sought to place on her bosom
+the shining necklace; (411) she seemed to beg the support of a hand
+from her own shadow as she laid her left hand on the jewelled pavement;
+she seemed to receive herself as a gift by sprinkling [318] with her
+right hand moist with the toil of binding together her falling locks;
+she poured forth tears of joy cool as though the sandal-juice of her
+sectarial mark had entered in and been united with them; she washed
+with a line of glad tears her smooth cheeks, that the pollen from
+her garland had tinged with gray, as if in eagerness that the image
+of her beloved might fall thereon; she seemed to be drawn forward by
+her long eyes fastened on Candrapida's face, with its pupil fixed in
+a sidelong glance, and her head somewhat bent, as if from the weight
+of the sandal-mark on her brow.
+
+'"And Candrapida, approaching, bowed first before Mahacveta, then
+courteously saluted Kadambari, and when she had returned his obeisance,
+and seated herself again on the couch, and the portress had brought
+him a gold stool with legs gleaming with gems, he pushed it away
+with his foot, and sat down on the ground. Then Keyuraka presented
+Patralekha, saying: 'This is Prince Candrapida's betel-box bearer
+and most favoured friend.' And Kadambari, looking on her, thought:
+'How great partiality does Prajapati bestow on mortal women!' And
+as Patralekha bowed respectfully, she bade her approach, and placed
+her close behind herself, amidst the curious glances of all her
+retinue. (412) Filled even at first sight with great love for her,
+Kadambari often touched her caressingly with her slender hand.
+
+'"Now, Candrapida, having quickly performed all the courtesies of
+arrival, beheld the state of Citraratha's daughter, and thought:
+'Surely my heart is dull, in that it cannot even now believe. Be
+it so. I will, nevertheless, ask her with a skilfully-devised
+speech.' [319] Then he said aloud: 'Princess, I know that this pain,
+with its unceasing torment, has come on thee from love. Yet, slender
+maiden, it torments thee not as us. I would gladly, by the offering
+of myself, restore thee to health. For I pity thee as thou tremblest;
+and as I see thee fallen under the pain of love, my heart, too, falls
+prostrate. For thine arms are slender and unadorned, and thou bearest
+in thine eye a red lotus like a hybiscus [320] from the deep wasting
+of fever. And all thy retinue weep ceaselessly for thy pain. Accept
+thine ornaments. Take of thine own accord thy richest adornments; for
+as the creeper shines hidden in bees and flowers, so shouldst thou.'
+
+'"Then Kadambari, though naturally simple by reason of her youth, yet,
+from a knowledge taught by love, understood all the meaning of this
+darkly-expressed speech. (413) Yet, not realizing that she had come to
+such a point in her desires, supported by her modesty, she remained
+silent. She sent forth, however, the radiance of a smile at that
+moment on some pretext, as though to see his face darkened by the bees
+which were gathered round its sweetness. Madalekha therefore replied:
+'Prince, what shall I say? This pain is cruel beyond words. Moreover,
+in one of so delicate a nature what does not tend to pain? Even cool
+lotus-fibres turn to fire and moonlight burns. Seest thou not the pain
+produced in her mind by the breezes of the fans? Only her strength
+of mind keeps her alive.' But in heart alone did Kadambari admit
+Madalekha's words as an answer to the prince. His mind, however, was in
+suspense from the doubtfulness of her meaning, and after spending some
+time in affectionate talk with Mahacveta, at length with a great effort
+he withdrew himself, and left Kadambari's palace to go to the camp.
+
+'"As he was about to mount his horse, Keyuraka came up behind him,
+and said: 'Prince, Madalekha bids me say that Princess Kadambari, ever
+since she beheld Patralekha, has been charmed by her, and wishes to
+keep her. She shall return later. (414) Having heard her message, thou
+must decide' 'Happy,' replied the prince, 'and enviable is Patralekha,
+in that she is honoured by so rare a favour by the princess. Let her
+be taken in.' So saying, he went to the camp.
+
+'"At the moment of his arrival he beheld a letter-carrier well known
+to him, that had come from his father's presence, and, stopping
+his horse, he asked from afar, with eyes widened by affection:
+'Is my father well, and all his retinue? and my mother and all the
+zenana?' Then the man, approaching with a reverence, saying, 'As
+thou sayest, prince,' gave him two letters. Then the prince, placing
+them on his head, and himself opening them in order, read as follows:
+'Hail from Ujjayini. King Tarapida, king of kings, whose lotus-feet
+are made the crest on the head of all kings, greets Candrapida, the
+home of all good fortune, kissing him on his head, which kisses the
+circle of the flashing rays of his crest jewels. Our subjects are
+well. Why has so long a time passed since we have seen thee? Our
+heart longs eagerly for thee. The queen and the zenana pine for
+thee. Therefore, let the cutting short of this letter be a cause of
+thy setting out.' And in the second letter, sent by Cukanasa, he read
+words of like import. Vaicampayana, too, at that moment came up, and
+showed another pair of letters of his own to the same effect. (415)
+So with the words, 'As my father commands,' he at once mounted his
+horse, and caused the drum of departure to be sounded. He instructed
+Meghanada, son of Balahaka, the commander-in-chief, who stood near him
+surrounded by a large troop: 'Thou must come with Patralekha. Keyuraka
+will surely bring her as far as here, and by his lips a message must
+be sent with a salutation to Princess Kadambari. Truly the nature of
+mortals deserves the blame of the three worlds, for it is discourteous,
+unfriendly, and hard to grasp, in that, when the loves of men suddenly
+clash, they do not set its full value on spontaneous tenderness. Thus,
+by my going, my love has become a cheating counterfeit; my faith
+has gained skill in false tones; my self-devotion has sunk into base
+deceit, having only a pretended sweetness; and the variance of voice
+and thought has been laid bare. But enough of myself. The princess,
+though a mate for the gods, has, by showing her favour to an unworthy
+object, [321] incurred reproach. For the ambrosially kind glances of
+the great, when they fall in vain on unfitting objects, cause shame
+afterwards. And yet my heart is not so much weighed down by shame
+for her as for Mahacveta. For the princess will doubtless often blame
+her for her ill-placed partiality in having painted my virtues with
+a false imputation of qualities I did not possess. What, then, shall
+I do? My parents' command is the weightier. Yet it controls my body
+alone. (416) But my heart, in its yearning to dwell at Hemakuta, has
+written a bond of slavery for a thousand births to Princess Kadambari,
+[322] and her favour holds it fast [323] as the dense thicket holds a
+forester. Nevertheless, I go at my father's command. Truly from this
+cause the infamous Candrapida will be a byword to the people. Yet,
+think not that Candrapida, if he lives, will rest without again tasting
+the joy of worshipping the lotus-feet of the princess. Salute with
+bent head and sunwise turn the feet of Mahacveta. Tell Madalekha that
+a hearty embrace, preceded by an obeisance, is offered her; salute
+Tamalika, and inquire on my behalf after all Kadambari's retinue. Let
+blessed Hemakuta be honoured by me with upraised hands.' After giving
+this message, he set Vaicampayana over the camp, instructing his friend
+to march [324] slowly, without overtasking the army. Then he mounted,
+accompanied by his cavalry, mostly mounted on young horses, wearing the
+grace of a forest of spears, breaking up the earth with their hoofs,
+and shaking Kailasa with their joyful neighing as they set out; and
+though his heart was empty, in the fresh separation from Kadambari,
+he asked the letter-carrier who clung to his saddle concerning the
+way to Ujjayini.
+
+(417-426 condensed) '"And on the way he beheld in the forest a red
+flag, near which was a shrine of Durga, guarded by an old Dravidian
+hermit, who made his abode thereby.
+
+(426) '"Dismounting, he entered, and bent reverently before the
+goddess, and, bowing again after a sunwise turn, he wandered about,
+interested in the calm of the place, and beheld on one side the
+wrathful hermit, howling and shouting at him; and at the sight,
+tossed as he was by passionate longing in his absence from Kadambari,
+he could not forbear smiling a moment; but he checked his soldiers,
+who were laughing and beginning a quarrel with the hermit; and at
+length, with great difficulty, he calmed him with many a soothing and
+courteous speech, and asked him about his birthplace, caste, knowledge,
+wife and children, wealth, age, and the cause of his ascetic vow. On
+being asked, the latter described himself, and the prince was greatly
+interested by him as he garrulously described his past heroism, beauty,
+and wealth, and thus diverted his mind in its soreness of bereavement;
+and, having become friendly with him, he caused betel to be offered to
+him. (427) When the sun set, the princes encamped under the trees that
+chanced [325] to be near; the golden saddles of the steeds were hung
+on boughs; the steeds showed the exertions they had gone through,
+from the tossing of their manes dusty with rolling on the earth,
+and after they had taken some handfuls of grass and been watered,
+and were refreshed, they were tethered, with the spears dug into the
+ground before them; the soldiery, wearied [326] with the day's march,
+appointed a watch, and gladly went to sleep on heaps of leaves near
+the horses; the encampment was bright as day, for the darkness was
+drunk up by the light of many a bivouac fire, and Candrapida went to a
+couch prepared for him by his retinue, and pointed out to him by his
+porters, in front of the place where Indrayudha was tethered. But
+the very moment he lay down restlessness seized his heart, and,
+overcome by pain, he dismissed the princes, and said nothing even
+to the special favourites who stood behind him. With closed eyes
+he again and again went in heart to the Kimpurusha land. With fixed
+thought he recalled Hemakuta. He thought on the spontaneous kindness
+of Mahacveta's favours. [327] He constantly longed for the sight
+of Kadambari as his life's highest fruit. He continually desired
+the converse of Madalekha, so charming in its absence of pride. He
+wished to see Tamalika. He looked forward to Keyuraka's coming. He
+beheld in fancy the winter palace. He often sighed a long, feverish
+sigh. He bestowed on the Cesha necklace a kindness beyond that for
+his kin. (428) He thought he saw fortunate Patralekha standing behind
+him. Thus he passed the night without sleep; and, rising at dawn,
+he fulfilled the hermit's wish by wealth poured out at his desire,
+and, sojourning at pleasant spots on the way, in a few days he
+reached Ujjayini. A thousand hands, like lotuses of offering to a
+guest raised in reverent salutation, were raised by the citizens in
+their confusion and joy at his sudden coming, as he then unexpectedly
+entered the city. The king heard from the retinue [328] hastening to
+be first to tell him that Candrapida was at the gate, and bewildered
+by sudden gladness, with steps slow from the weight of joy, he went to
+meet his son. Like Mandara, he drew to himself as a Milky Ocean his
+spotless silk mantle that was slipping down; like the kalpa-tree,
+with its shower of choice pearls, he rained tears of gladness;
+he was followed by a thousand chiefs that were round him--chiefs
+with topknots white with age, anointed with sandal, wearing untorn
+[329] linen robes, bracelets, turbans, crests and wreaths, bearing
+swords, staves, umbrellas and cowries, making the earth appear rich
+in Kailasas and Milky Oceans. The prince, seeing his father from afar,
+dismounted, and touched the ground with a head garlanded by the rays of
+his crest-jewels. Then his father stretched out his arms, bidding him
+approach, and embraced him closely; and when he had paid his respects
+to all the honourable persons who were there, he was led by the king
+to Vilasavati's palace. (429) His coming was greeted by her and her
+retinue, and when he had performed all the auspicious ceremonies of
+arrival, he stayed some time in talk about his expedition of conquest,
+and then went to see Cukanasa. Having duly stayed there some time, he
+told him that Vaicampayana was at the camp and well, and saw Manorama;
+and then returning, he mechanically [330] performed the ceremonies
+of bathing, and so forth, in Vilasavati's palace. On the morrow he
+went to his own palace, and there, with a mind tossed by anxiety,
+he deemed that not only himself, but his palace and the city, and,
+indeed, the whole world, was but a void without Kadambari, and so, in
+his longing to hear news of her, he awaited the return of Patralekha,
+as though it were a festival, or the winning of a boon, or the time
+of the rising of amrita.
+
+'"A few days later Meghanada came with Patralekha, and led her in;
+and as she made obeisance from afar, Candrapida smiled affectionately,
+and, rising reverently, embraced her; for though she was naturally
+dear to him, she was now yet dearer as having won a fresh splendour
+from Kadambari's presence. He laid his slender hand on Meghanada's
+back as he bent before him, and then, sitting down, he said: 'Tell me,
+Patralekha, is all well with Mahacveta and Madalekha, and the lady
+Kadambari? (430) And are all her retinue well, with Tamalika and
+Keyuraka?' 'Prince,' she replied, 'all is well, as thou sayest. The
+lady Kadambari, with her friends and retinue, do thee homage by making
+their raised hands into a wreath for their brows.' At these words the
+prince dismissed his royal retinue, and went with Patralekha into
+the palace. Then, with a tortured heart, no longer able from its
+intense love to overcome his eagerness to hear, he sent his retinue
+far away and entered the house. With his lotus-feet he pushed away
+the pair of hamsas that were sleeping happily on the slope beneath a
+leafy bower that made an emerald banner; and, resting in the midst
+of a fresh bed of hybiscus, that made a sunshade with its broad,
+long-stalked leaves, he sat down, and asked: 'Tell me, Patralekha,
+how thou hast fared. How many days wert thou there? What favour did
+the princess show thee? What talk was there, and what conversation
+arose? Who most remembers us, and whose affection is greatest?' [331]
+Thus questioned, she told him: 'Give thy mind and hear all. When thou
+wert gone, I returned with Keyuraka, and sat down near the couch of
+flowers; and there I gladly remained, receiving ever fresh marks of
+kindness from the princess. What need of words? (431) The whole of
+that day her eye, her form, her hand, were on mine; her speech dwelt
+on my name and her heart on my love. On the morrow, leaning on me,
+she left the winter palace, and, wandering at will, bade her retinue
+remain behind, and entered the maidens' garden. By a flight of emerald
+steps, that might have been formed from Jamuna's [332] waves, she
+ascended to a white summer-house, and in it she stayed some time,
+leaning against a jewelled pillar, deliberating with her heart,
+wishing to say something, and gazing on my face with fixed pupil
+and motionless eyelashes. As she looked she formed her resolve, and,
+as if longing to enter love's fire, she was bathed in perspiration;
+whereat a trembling came upon her, so that, shaking in every limb as
+though fearing to fall, she was seized by despair.
+
+'"'But when I, who knew her thoughts, fixed my mind on her, and,
+fastening my eyes on her face, bade her speak, she seemed to be
+restrained by her own trembling limbs; with a toe that marked the
+floor as if for retreat, she seemed to rub out her own image in shame
+that it should hear her secret; (432) with her lotus foot--its anklets
+all set jingling by the scratching of the floor--she pushed aside the
+tame geese; with a strip of silk made into a fan for her hot face,
+she drove away the bees on her ear-lotuses; to the peacock she gave,
+like a bribe, a piece of betel broken by her teeth; and gazing often
+on every side lest a wood-goddess should listen, much as she longed
+to speak, she was checked in her utterance by shame, and could not
+speak a word. [333] Her voice, in spite of her greatest efforts,
+was wholly burnt up by love's fire, borne away by a ceaseless flow
+of tears, overwhelmed by onrushing griefs, broken by love's falling
+shafts, banished by invading sighs, restrained by the hundred
+cares that dwelt in her heart, and drunk by the bees that tasted
+her breath, so that it could not come forth. In brief, she made a
+pearl rosary to count her many griefs with the bright tears that
+fell without touching her cheeks, as with bent head she made the
+very image of a storm. Then from her shame learnt its full grace;
+modesty, a transcendant modesty; simplicity, simplicity; courtesy,
+courtesy; (433) fear, timidity; coquetry, its quintessence; despair,
+its own nature; and charm, a further charm. And so, when I asked her,
+"Princess, what means this?" she wiped her reddened eyes, and, holding
+a garland woven by the flowers of the bower with arms which, soft as
+lotus-fibres, seemed meant to hold her firmly in the excess of her
+grief, she raised one eyebrow, as if gazing on the path of death,
+and sighed a long, fevered sigh. And as, in desire to know the cause
+of her sorrow, I pressed her to tell me, she seemed to write on the
+ketaki petals scratched by her nails in her shame, and so deliver her
+message. She moved her lower lip in eagerness to speak, and seemed to
+be whispering to the bees who drank her breath, and thus she remained
+some time with eyes fixed on the ground.
+
+'"'At last, often turning her glance to my face, she seemed to purify,
+with the tears that fell from her brimming eyes, the voice that the
+smoke of Love's fire had dimmed. And, in the guise of tears, she bound
+up with the rays of her teeth, flashing in a forced smile, the strange
+syllables of what she had meant to say, but forgotten in her tremor,
+and with great difficulty betook herself to speech. "Patralekha," she
+said to me, "by reason of my great favour for thee, neither father,
+mother, Mahacveta, Madalekha, nor life itself is dear to me as thou
+hast been since I first beheld thee. (434) I know not why my heart has
+cast off all my friends and trusts in thee alone. To whom else can I
+complain, or tell my humiliation, or give a share in my woe? When I
+have shown thee the unbearable burden of my woe, I will die. By my life
+I swear to thee I am put to shame by even my own heart's knowledge of
+my story; how much more by another's? How should such as I stain by
+ill report a race pure as moonbeams, and lose the honour which has
+descended from my sires, and turn my thoughts on unmaidenly levity,
+acting thus without my father's will, or my mother's bestowal, or my
+elders' congratulations, without any announcement, without sending
+of gifts, or showing of pictures? Timidly, as one unprotected,
+have I been led to deserve my parents' blame by that overweening
+Candrapida. Is this, I pray, the conduct of noble men? Is this the
+fruit of our meeting, that my heart, tender as a lotus filament,
+is now crushed? For maidens should not be lightly treated by youths;
+the fire of love is wont to consume first their reserve and then their
+heart; the arrows of love pierce first their dignity and then their
+life. Therefore, I bid thee farewell till our meeting in another birth,
+for none is dearer to me than thou. (435) By carrying out my resolve
+of death, I shall cleanse my own stain." So saying, she was silent.
+
+'"'Not knowing the truth of her tale, I sorrowfully, as if ashamed,
+afraid, bewildered, and bereft of sense, adjured her, saying:
+"Princess, I long to hear. Tell me what Prince Candrapida has
+done. What offence has been committed? By what discourtesy has he
+vexed that lotus-soft heart of thine, that none should vex? When I
+have heard this, thou shalt die on my lifeless body." Thus urged,
+she again began: "I will tell thee; listen carefully. In my dreams
+that cunning villain comes daily and employs in secret messages a
+caged parrot and a starling. In my dreams he, bewildered in mind with
+vain desires, writes in my earrings to appoint meetings. He sends
+love-letters with their syllables washed away, filled with mad hopes,
+most sweet, and showing his own state by the lines of tears stained
+with pigment falling on them. By the glow of his feelings he dyes my
+feet against my will. In his reckless insolence he prides himself on
+his own reflection in my nails. (436) In his unwarranted boldness
+he embraces me against my will in the gardens when I am alone,
+and almost dead from fear of being caught, as the clinging of my
+silken skirts to the branches hinders my steps, and my friends the
+creepers seize and deliver me to him. Naturally crooked, he teaches
+the very essence of crookedness to a heart by nature simple by the
+blazonry he paints on my breast. Full of guileful flattery, he fans
+with his cool breath my cheeks all wet and shining as with a breeze
+from the waves of my heart's longing. He boldly places the rays of his
+nails like young barley-sheaves on my ear, though his hand is empty,
+because its lotus has fallen from his grasp relaxed in weariness. He
+audaciously draws me by the hair to quaff the sweet wine of his breath,
+inhaled by him when he watered his favourite bakul-flowers. Mocked by
+his own folly, he demands on his head the touch of my foot, destined
+for the palace acoka-tree. [334] In his utter love madness, he says:
+'Tell me, Patralekha, how a madman can be rejected?' For he considers
+refusal a sign of jealousy; he deems abuse a gentle jest; he looks
+on silence as pettishness; he regards the mention of his faults as a
+device for thinking of him; he views contempt as the familiarity of
+love; he esteems the blame of mankind as renown."
+
+'"'A sweet joy filled me as I heard her say this, and I thought,
+(437) "Surely Love has led her far in her feelings for Candrapida. If
+this indeed be true, he shows in visible form, under the guise of
+Kadambari, his tender feeling towards the prince, and he is met
+by the prince's innate and carefully-trained virtues. The quarters
+gleam with his glory; a rain of pearls is cast by his youth on the
+waves of the ocean of tenderness; his name is written by his youthful
+gaiety on the moon; his own fortune is proclaimed by his happy lot;
+and nectar is showered down by his grace as by the digits of the moon."
+
+'"'Moreover, the Malaya wind has at length its season; moonrise has
+gained its full chance; the luxuriance of spring flowers has won a
+fitting fruit; the sharpness of wine has mellowed to its full virtue,
+and the descent of love's era is now clearly manifest on earth.
+
+'"'Then I smiled, and said aloud: "If it be so, princess, cease thy
+wrath. Be appeased. Thou canst not punish the prince for the faults of
+Kama. These truly are the sports of Love, the god of the Flowery Bow,
+not of a wanton Candrapida."
+
+'"'As I said this, she eagerly asked me: "As for this Kama, whoever
+he may be, tell me what forms he assumes."
+
+'"'"How can he have forms?" replied I. "He is a formless fire. For
+without flame he creates heat; without smoke he makes tears flow;
+without the dust of ashes he shows whiteness. Nor is there a being
+in all the wide universe who is not, or has not been, or will not be,
+the victim of his shaft. Who is there that fears him not? (438) Even
+a strong man is pierced by him when he takes in hand his flowery bow.
+
+'"'"Moreover, when tender women are possessed by him, they gaze,
+and the sky is crowded with a thousand images of their beloved. They
+paint the loved form; the earth is a canvas all too small. They reckon
+the virtues of their hero; number itself fails them. They listen to
+talk about their dearest; the Goddess of Speech herself seems all too
+silent. They muse on the joys of union with him who is their life;
+and time itself is all too short to their heart."
+
+'"'She pondered a moment on this ere she replied: "As thou sayest,
+Patralekha, Love has led me into tenderness for the prince. For all
+these signs and more are found in me. Thou art one with my own heart,
+and I ask thee to tell me what I should now do? I am all unversed in
+such matters. Moreover, if I were forced to tell my parents, I should
+be so ashamed that my heart would choose death rather than life."
+
+'"'Then again I answered; "Enough, princess! Why this needless talk
+of death as a necessary condition? [335] Surely, fair maiden, though
+thou hast not sought to please him, Love has in kindness given thee
+this boon. Why tell thy parents? Love himself, like a parent, plans
+for thee; (439) like a mother, he approves thee; like a father, he
+bestows thee; like a girl friend, he kindles thine affection; like
+a nurse, he teaches thy tender age the secrets of love. Why should I
+tell thee of those who have themselves chosen their lords? For were
+it not so, the ordinance of the svayamvara in our law-books [336]
+would be meaningless. Be at rest, then, princess. Enough of this talk
+of death. I conjure thee by touching thy lotus-foot to send me. I am
+ready to go. I will bring back to thee, princess, thy heart's beloved."
+
+'"'When I had said this, she seemed to drink me in with a tender
+glance; she was confused by an ardour of affection which, though
+restrained, found a path, and burst through the reserve that Love's
+shafts had pierced. In her pleasure at my words, she cast off the
+silken outer robe which clung to her through her weariness, and
+left it suspended on her thrilling limbs. [337] She loosened the
+moonbeam necklace on her neck, put there as a noose to hang herself,
+and entangled in the fish ornaments of her swinging earring. Yet,
+though her whole soul was in a fever of joy, she supported herself
+by the modesty which is a maiden's natural dower, and said: "I
+know thy great love. But how could a woman, tender of nature as a
+young cirisha-blossom, show such boldness, especially one so young
+as I? (440) Bold, indeed, are they who themselves send messages, or
+themselves deliver a message. I, a young maiden, [338] am ashamed to
+send a bold message. What, indeed, could I say? 'Thou art very dear,'
+is superfluous. 'Am I dear to thee?' is a senseless question. 'My
+love for thee is great,' is the speech of the shameless. 'Without
+thee I cannot live,' is contrary to experience. 'Love conquers
+me,' is a reproach of my own fault. 'I am given to thee by Love,'
+is a bold offering of one's self. 'Thou art my captive,' is the
+daring speech of immodesty. 'Thou must needs come,' is the pride of
+fortune. 'I will come myself,' is a woman's weakness. 'I am wholly
+devoted to thee,' is the lightness of obtruded affection. 'I send
+no message from fear of a rebuff,' is to wake the sleeper. [339]
+'Let me be a warning of the sorrow of a service that is despised,'
+is an excess of tenderness. 'Thou shalt know my love by my death,'
+is a thought that may not enter the mind."'"'
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+PART II.
+
+
+(441) I hail, for the completion of the difficult toil of this
+unfinished tale, Uma and Civa, parents of earth, whose single body,
+formed from the union of two halves, shows neither point of union
+nor division.
+
+(442) I salute Narayana, creator of all, by whom the man-lion form
+was manifested happily, showing a face terrible with its tossing mane,
+and displaying in his hand quoit, sword, club and conch.
+
+I do homage to my father, that lord of speech, the creator by whom that
+story was made that none else could fashion, that noble man whom all
+honour in every house, and from whom I, in reward of a former life,
+received my being.
+
+(443) When my father rose to the sky, on earth the stream of the
+story failed with his voice. And I, as I saw its unfinished state
+was a grief to the good, began it, but from no poetic pride.
+
+For that the words flow with such beauty is my father's special gift;
+a single touch of the ray of the moon, the one source of nectar,
+suffices to melt the moonstone.
+
+As other rivers at their full enter the Ganges, and by being absorbed
+in it reach the ocean, so my speech is cast by me for the completion
+of this story on the ocean-flowing stream of my father's eloquence.
+
+Reeling under the strong sweetness of Kadambari [340] as one
+intoxicated, I am bereft of sense, in that I fear not to compose an
+ending in my own speech devoid of sweetness and colour.
+
+(444) The seeds that promise fruit and are destined to flower are
+forced by the sower with fitting toils; scattered in good ground, they
+grow to ripeness; but it is the sower's son who gathers them. [341]
+
+
+
+'"Moreover," Kadambari continued, "if the prince were brought shame
+itself, put to shame by my weakness, would not allow a sight of
+him. (446) Fear itself, frightened at the crime of bringing him by
+force, would not enter his presence. Then all would be over if my
+friend Patralekha did her utmost from love to me, and yet could not
+induce him to come, even by falling at his feet, either perchance
+from his respect for his parents, or devotion to royal duty, or love
+of his native land, or reluctance towards me. Nay, more. (448) I am
+that Kadambari whom he saw resting on a couch of flowers in the winter
+palace, and he is that Candrapida, all ignorant of another's pain,
+who stayed but two days, and then departed. I had promised Mahacveta
+not to marry while she was in trouble, though she besought me not
+to promise, saying, that Kama often takes our life by love even for
+one unseen. (449) But this is not my case. For the prince, imaged by
+fancy, ever presents himself to my sight, and, sleeping or waking,
+in every place I behold him. Therefore talk not of bringing him."
+
+'(450) Thereupon I [342] reflected, "Truly the beloved, as shaped in
+the imagination, is a great support to women separated from their
+loves, especially to maidens of noble birth." (451) And I promised
+Kadambari that I would bring thee, O Prince. (452) Then she, roused by
+my speech full of thy name, as by a charm to remove poison, suddenly
+opened her eyes, and said, "I say not that thy going pleases me,
+Patralekha. (453) It is only when I see thee that I can endure my
+life; yet if this desire possess thee, do what thou wilt!" So saying,
+she dismissed me with many presents.
+
+'Then with slightly downcast face Patralekha continued: "The recent
+kindness of the princess has given me courage, my prince, and I am
+grieved for her, and so I say to thee, 'Didst thou act worthily of
+thy tender nature in leaving her in this state?'"
+
+'Thus reproached by Patralekha, and hearing the words of Kadambari,
+so full of conflicting impulses, the prince became confused; (454)
+and sharing in Kadambari's feeling, he asked Patralekha with tears,
+"What am I to do? Love has made me a cause of sorrow to Kadambari,
+and of reproach to thee. (455) And methinks this was some curse that
+darkened my mind; else how was my mind deceived when clear signs were
+given, which would create no doubt even in a dull mind? All this my
+fault has arisen from a mistake. I will therefore now, by devoting
+myself to her, even with my life, act so that the princess may know
+me not to be of so hard a heart."
+
+'(456) While he thus spoke a portress hastened in and said: "Prince,
+Queen Vilasavati sends a message saying, 'I hear from the talk
+of my attendants that Patralekha, who had stayed behind, has now
+returned. And I love her equally with thyself. Do thou therefore come,
+and bring her with thee. The sight of thy lotus face, won by a thousand
+longings, is rarely given.'"
+
+'"How my life now is tossed with doubts!" thought the prince. "My
+mother is sorrowful if even for a moment she sees me not. (457) My
+subjects love me; but the Gandharva princess loves me more. Princess
+Kadambari is worthy of my winning, and my mind is impatient of delay;"
+so thinking, he went to the queen, and spent the day in a longing of
+heart hard to bear; (458) while the night he spent thinking of the
+beauty of Kadambari, which was as a shrine of love.
+
+'(459) Thenceforth pleasant talk found no entrance into him. His
+friends' words seemed harsh to him; the conversation of his kinsmen
+gave him no delight. (460) His body was dried up by love's fire, but
+he did not yield up the tenderness of his heart. (461) He despised
+happiness, but not self-control.
+
+'While he was thus drawn forward by strong love, which had its
+life resting on the goodness and beauty of Kadambari, and held
+backwards by his very deep affection for his parents, he beheld
+one day, when wandering on the banks of the Sipra, a troop of horse
+approaching. (462) He sent a man to inquire what this might be, and
+himself crossing the Sipra where the water rose but to his thigh,
+he awaited his messenger's return in a shrine of Kartikeya. Drawing
+Patralekha to him, he said, "Look! that horse-man whose face can
+scarce be descried is Keyuraka!"
+
+'(463) He then beheld Keyuraka throw himself from his horse while
+yet far off, gray with dust from swift riding, while by his changed
+appearance, his lack of adornment, his despondent face, and his eyes
+that heralded his inward grief, he announced, even without words,
+the evil plight of Kadambari. Candrapida lovingly called him as he
+hastily bowed and drew near, and embraced him. And when he had drawn
+back and paid his homage, the prince, having gratified his followers by
+courteous inquiries, looked at him eagerly, and said, "By the sight of
+thee, Keyuraka, the well-being of the lady Kadambari and her attendants
+is proclaimed. When thou art rested and at ease, thou shalt tell me
+the cause of thy coming;" and he took Keyuraka and Patralekha home
+with him on his elephant. (464) Then he dismissed his followers, and
+only accompanied by Patralekha, he called Keyuraka to him, and said:
+"Tell me the message of Kadambari, Madalekha and Mahacveta."
+
+'"What shall I say?" replied Keyuraka; "I have no message from any of
+these. For when I had entrusted Patralekha to Meghanada, and returned,
+and had told of thy going to Ujjayini, Mahacveta looked upwards,
+sighed a long, hot sigh, and saying sadly, 'It is so then,' returned
+to her own hermitage to her penance. Kadambari, as though bereft of
+consciousness, ignorant of Mahacveta's departure, only opened her eyes
+after a long time, scornfully bidding me tell Mahacveta; and asking
+Madalekha (465) if anyone ever had done, or would do, such a deed as
+Candrapida, she dismissed her attendants, threw herself on her couch,
+veiled her head, and spent the day without speaking even to Madalekha,
+who wholly shared her grief. When early next morning I went to her,
+she gazed at me long with tearful eyes, as if blaming me. And I, when
+thus looked at by my sorrowing mistress, deemed myself ordered to go,
+and so, without telling the princess, I have approached my lord's
+feet. Therefore vouchsafe to hear attentively the bidding of Keyuraka,
+whose heart is anxious to save the life of one whose sole refuge is in
+thee. For, as by thy first coming that virgin [343] forest was stirred
+as by the fragrant Malaya wind, so when she beheld thee, the joy of
+the whole world, like the spring, love entered her as though she were
+a red acoka creeper. (466) But now she endures great torture for thy
+sake." (466-470) Then Keyuraka told at length all her sufferings, till
+the prince, overcome by grief, could bear it no longer and swooned.
+
+'Then, awakening from his swoon, he lamented that he was thought too
+hard of heart to receive a message from Kadambari or her friends,
+and blamed them for not telling him of her love while he was there.
+
+(476) '"Why should there be shame concerning one who is her servant,
+ever at her feet, that grief should have made its home in one so
+tender, and my desires be unfulfilled? (477) Now, what can I do
+when at some days' distance from her. Her body cannot even endure
+the fall of a flower upon it, while even on adamantine hearts like
+mine the arrows of love are hard to bear. When I see the unstable
+works began by cruel Fate, I know not where it will stop. (478)
+Else where was my approach to the land of the immortals, in my vain
+hunt for the Kinnaras? where my journey to Hemakuta with Mahacveta,
+or my sight of the princess there, or the birth of her love for me,
+or my father's command, that I could not transgress, for me to return,
+though my longing was yet unfulfilled? It is by evil destiny that
+we have been raised high, and then dashed to the ground. Therefore
+let us do our utmost to console [344] the princess." (479) Then in
+the evening he asked Keyuraka, "What thinkest thou? Will Kadambari
+support life till we arrive? (480) Or shall I again behold her face,
+with its eyes like a timid fawn's?" "Be firm, prince," he replied. "Do
+thine utmost to go." The prince had himself begun plans for going;
+but what happiness or what content of heart would there be without
+his father's leave, and how after his long absence could that be
+gained? A friend's help was needed here, but Vaicampayana was away.
+
+'(484) But next morning he heard a report that his army had reached
+Dacapura, and thinking with joy that he was now to receive the favour
+of Fate, in that Vaicampayana was now at hand, he joyfully told the
+news to Keyuraka. (485) "This event," replied the latter, "surely
+announces thy going. Doubtless thou wilt gain the princess. For when
+was the moon ever beheld by any without moonlight, or a lotus-pool
+without a lotus, or a garden without creeper? Yet there must be delay
+in the arrival of Vaicampayana, and the settling with him of thy
+plans. But I have told thee the state of the princess, which admits
+of no delay. Therefore, my heart, rendered insolent by the grace
+bestowed by thy affection, desires that favour may be shown me by a
+command to go at once to announce the joy of my lord's coming." (486)
+Whereat the prince, with a glance that showed his inward satisfaction,
+replied: "Who else is there who so well knows time and place, or who
+else is so sincerely loyal? This, therefore, is a happy thought. Go to
+support the life of the princess and to prepare for my return. But let
+Patralekha go forward, too, with thee to the feet of the princess. For
+she is favoured by the princess." Then he called Meghanada, and bade
+him escort Patralekha, (487) while he himself would overtake them
+when he had seen Vaicampayana. Then he bade Patralekha tell Kadambari
+that her noble sincerity and native tenderness preserved him, even
+though far away and burnt by love's fire, (489) and requested her
+bidding to come. (491) After their departure, he went to ask his
+father's leave to go to meet Vaicampayana. The king lovingly received
+him, and said to Cukanasa: (492) "He has now come to the age for
+marriage. So, having entered upon the matter with Queen Vilasavati,
+let some fair maiden be chosen. For a face like my son's is not often
+to be seen. Let us then gladden ourselves now by the sight of the
+lotus face of a bride." Cukanasa agreed that as the prince had gained
+all knowledge, made royal fortune firmly his own, and wed the earth,
+there remained nothing for him to do but to marry a wife. "How fitly,"
+thought Candrapida, "does my father's plan come for my thoughts of a
+union with Kadambari! (493) The proverb 'light to one in darkness,'
+or 'a shower of nectar to a dying man,' is coming true in me. After
+just seeing Vaicampayana, I shall win Kadambari." Then the king went
+to Vilasavati, and playfully reproached her for giving no counsel as
+to a bride for her son. (494) Meanwhile the prince spent the day in
+awaiting Vaicampayana's return. And after spending over two watches
+of the night sleepless in yearning for him, (495) the energy of his
+love was redoubled, and he ordered the conch to be sounded for his
+going. (497) Then he started on the road to Dacapura, and after going
+some distance he beheld the camp, (501) and rejoiced to think he would
+now see Vaicampayana; and going on alone, he asked where his friend
+was. But weeping women replied: "Why ask? How should he be here?" And
+in utter bewilderment he hastened to the midst of the camp. (502) There
+he was recognised, and on his question the chieftains besought him to
+rest under a tree while they related Vaicampayana's fate. He was, they
+said, yet alive, and they told what had happened. (505) "When left by
+thee, he halted a day, and then gave the order for our march. 'Yet,'
+said he, 'Lake Acchoda is mentioned in the Purana as very holy. Let us
+bathe and worship Civa in the shrine on its bank. For who will ever,
+even in a dream, behold again this place haunted by the gods?' (506)
+But beholding a bower on the bank he gazed at it like a brother long
+lost to sight, as if memories were awakened in him. And when we urged
+him to depart, he made as though he heard us not; but at last he
+bade us go, saying that he would not leave that spot. (508) 'Do I not
+know well' said he, 'all that you urge for my departure? But I have
+no power over myself, and I am, as it were, nailed to the spot, and
+cannot go with you.' (510) So at length we left him, and came hither."
+
+'Amazed at this story, which he could not have even in a dream
+imagined, Candrapida wondered: "What can be the cause of his resolve
+to leave all and dwell in the woods? I see no fault of my own. He
+shares everything with me. Has anything been said that could hurt him
+by my father or Cukanasa?" (517) He at length returned to Ujjayini,
+thinking that where Vaicampayana was there was Kadambari also,
+and resolved to fetch him back. (518) He heard that the king and
+queen had gone to Cukanasa's house, and followed them thither. (519)
+There he heard Manorama lamenting the absence of the son without
+whose sight she could not live, and who had never before, even in
+his earliest years, shown neglect of her. (520) On his entrance the
+king thus greeted him: "I know thy great love for him. Yet when I
+hear thy story my heart suspects some fault of thine." But Cukanasa,
+his face darkened with grief and impatience, said reproachfully: "If,
+O king, there is heat in the moon or coolness in fire, then there may
+be fault in the prince. (521) Men such as Vaicampayana are portents of
+destruction, (522) fire without fuel, polished mirrors that present
+everything the reverse way; (523) for them the base are exalted,
+wrong is right, and ignorance wisdom. All in them makes for evil, and
+not for good. Therefore Vaicampayana has not feared thy wrath, nor
+thought that his mother's life depends on him, nor that he was born
+to be a giver of offerings for the continuance of his race. (524)
+Surely the birth of one so evil and demoniac was but to cause us
+grief." (525) To this the king replied: "Surely for such as I to
+admonish thee were for a lamp to give light to fire, or daylight an
+equal splendour to the sun. Yet the mind of the wisest is made turbid
+by grief as the Manasa Lake by the rainy season, and then sight is
+destroyed. Who is there in this world who is not changed by youth? When
+youth shows itself, love for elders flows away with childhood. (528)
+My heart grieves when I hear thee speak harshly of Vaicampayana. Let
+him be brought hither. Then we can do as is fitting." (529) Cukanasa
+persisted in blaming his son; but Candrapida implored leave to fetch
+him home, and Cukanasa at length yielded. (532) Then Candrapida
+summoned the astrologers, and secretly bade them name the day for
+his departure, when asked by the king or Cukanasa, so as not to delay
+his departure. "The conjunction of the planets," they answered him,
+"is against thy going. (533) Yet a king is the determiner of time. On
+whatever time thy will is set, that is the time for every matter." Then
+they announced the morrow as the time for his departure; and he spent
+that day and night intent on his journey, and deeming that he already
+beheld Kadambari and Vaicampayana before him.
+
+'(534) And when the time came, Vilasavati bade him farewell in deep
+sorrow: "I grieved not so for thy first going as I do now. My heart
+is torn; my body is in torture; my mind is overwhelmed. (535) I know
+not why my heart so suffers. Stay not long away." He tried to console
+her, and then went to his father, who received him tenderly, (539)
+and finally dismissed him, saying: "My desire is that thou shouldst
+take a wife and receive the burden of royalty, so that I may enter on
+the path followed by royal sages; but this matter of Vaicampayana is
+in the way of it, and I have misgivings that my longing is not to be
+fulfilled; else how could he have acted in so strange a way? Therefore,
+though thou must go, my son, return soon, that my heart's desire may
+not fail." (540) At length he started, and spent day and night on his
+journey in the thought of his friend and of the Gandharva world. (544)
+And when he had travelled far the rainy season came on, and all the
+workings of the storms found their counterpart in his own heart. (548)
+Yet he paused not on his way, nor did he heed the entreaties of his
+chieftains to bestow some care on himself, but rode on all day. (549)
+But a third part of the way remained to traverse when he beheld
+Meghanada, and, asking him eagerly concerning Vaicampayana, (550) he
+learnt that Patralekha, sure that the rains would delay his coming,
+had sent Meghanada to meet him, and that the latter had not been to the
+Acchoda lake. (552) With redoubled grief the prince rode to the lake,
+and bade his followers guard it on all sides, lest Vaicampayana should
+in shame flee from them; but all his search found no traces of his
+friend. (553) "My feet," thought he, "cannot leave this spot without
+him, and yet Kadambari has not been seen. Perchance Mahacveta may know
+about this matter; I will at least see her." So he mounted Indrayudha,
+and went towards her hermitage. There dismounting, he entered; but
+in the entrance of the cave he beheld Mahacveta, with difficulty
+supported by Taralika, weeping bitterly. (554) "May no ill," thought
+he, "have befallen Kadambari, that Mahacveta should be in this state,
+when my coming should be a cause of joy." Eagerly and sorrowfully he
+questioned Taralika, but she only gazed on Mahacveta's face. Then
+the latter at last spoke falteringly: "What can one so wretched
+tell thee? Yet the tale shall be told. When I heard from Keyuraka of
+thy departure, my heart was torn by the thought that the wishes of
+Kadambari's parents, my own longing, and the sight of Kadambari's
+happiness in her union with thee had not been brought about, and,
+cleaving even the bond of my love to her, I returned home to yet
+harsher penance than before. (555) Here I beheld a young Brahman,
+like unto thee, gazing hither and thither with vacant glance. But at
+the sight of me his eyes were fixed on me alone, as if, though unseen
+before, he recognised me, though a stranger, he had long known me,
+and gazing at me like one mad or possessed, he said at last: 'Fair
+maiden, only they who do what is fitting for their birth, age, and form
+escape blame in this world. Why toilest thou thus, like perverse fate,
+in so unmeet an employment, in that thou wastest in stern penance a
+body tender as a garland? (556) The toil of penance is for those who
+have enjoyed the pleasures of life and have lost its graces, but not
+for one endowed with beauty. If thou turnest from the joys of earth,
+in vain does Love bend his bow, or the moon rise. Moonlight and the
+Malaya wind serve for naught.'"
+
+'"But I, caring for nothing since the loss of Pundarika, asked no
+questions about him, (557) and bade Taralika keep him away, for some
+evil would surely happen should he return. But in spite of being kept
+away, whether from the fault of love or the destiny of suffering that
+lay upon us, he did not give up his affection; and one night, while
+Taralika slept, and I was thinking of Pundarika, (559) I beheld in the
+moonlight, clear as day, that youth approaching like one possessed. The
+utmost fear seized me at the sight. 'An evil thing,' I thought,
+'has befallen me. If he draw near, and but touch me with his hand,
+this accursed life must be destroyed; and then that endurance of it,
+which I accepted in the hope of again beholding Pundarika, will have
+been in vain.' While I thus thought he drew near, and said: 'Moon-faced
+maiden, the moon, Love's ally, is striving to slay me. Therefore I
+come to ask protection. Save me, who am without refuge, and cannot
+help myself, for my life is devoted to thee. (560) It is the duty of
+ascetics to protect those who flee to them for protection. If, then,
+thou deign not to bestow thyself on me, the moon and love will slay
+me.' At these words, in a voice choked by wrath, I exclaimed: 'Wretch,
+how has a thunderbolt failed to strike thy head in the utterance of
+these thy words? Surely the five elements that give witness of right
+and wrong to mortals are lacking in thy frame, in that earth and air
+and fire and the rest have not utterly destroyed thee. Thou hast learnt
+to speak like a parrot, without thought of what was right or wrong
+to say. Why wert thou not born as a parrot? (561) I lay on thee this
+fate, that thou mayest enter on a birth suited to thine own speech,
+and cease to make love to one such as I.' So saying, I turned towards
+the moon, and with raised hands prayed: 'Blessed one, lord of all,
+guardian of the world, if since the sight of Pundarika my heart has
+been free from the thought of any other man, may this false lover by
+the truth of this my saying, fall into the existence pronounced by
+me.' Then straightway, I know not how, whether from the force of love,
+or of his own sin, or from the power of my words, he fell lifeless,
+like a tree torn up by the roots. And it was not till he was dead that
+I learnt from his weeping attendants that he was thy friend, noble
+prince." Having thus said, she bent her face in shame and silently
+wept. But Candrapida, with fixed glance and broken voice, replied:
+"Lady, thou hast done thine utmost, and yet I am too ill-fated to
+have gained in this life the joy of honouring the feet of the lady
+Kadambari. Mayest thou in another life create this bliss for me." (562)
+With these words his tender heart broke, as if from grief at failing
+to win Kadambari, like a bud ready to open when pierced by a bee.
+
+'Then Taralika burst into laments over his lifeless body and into
+reproaches to Mahacveta. And as the chieftains, too, raised their cry
+of grief and wonder, (564) there entered, with but few followers,
+Kadambari herself, attired as to meet her lover, though a visit
+to Mahacveta was the pretext of her coming, and while she leant on
+Patralekha's hand, she expressed her doubts of the prince's promised
+return, (565) and declared that if she again beheld him she would not
+speak to him, nor be reconciled either by his humility or her friend's
+endeavours. Such were her words; but she counted all the toil of
+the journey light in her longing to behold him again. But when she
+beheld him dead, with a sudden cry she fell to the ground. And when
+she recovered from her swoon, she gazed at him with fixed eyes and
+quivering mouth, like a creeper trembling under the blow of a keen
+axe, and then stood still with a firmness foreign to her woman's
+nature. (566) Madalekha implored her to give her grief the relief of
+tears, lest her heart should break, and remember that on her rested the
+hopes of two races. "Foolish girl," replied Kadambari, with a smile,
+"how should my adamantine heart break if it has not broken at this
+sight? These thoughts of family and friends are for one who wills to
+live, not for me, who have chosen death; for I have won the body of
+my beloved, which is life to me, and which, whether living or dead,
+whether by an earthly union, or by my following it in death, suffices
+to calm every grief. It is for my sake that my lord came hither and
+lost his life; how, then, could I, by shedding tears, make light of
+the great honour to which he has raised me? or how bring an ill-omened
+mourning to his departure to heaven? or how weep at the joyous moment
+when, like the dust of his feet, I may follow him? Now all sorrow is
+far away. (567) For him I neglected all other ties; and now, when he is
+dead, how canst thou ask me to live? In dying now lies my life, and to
+live would be death to me. Do thou take my place with my parents and
+my friends, and mayest thou be the mother of a son to offer libations
+of water for me when I am in another world. Thou must wed the young
+mango in the courtyard, dear to me as my own child, to the madhavi
+creeper. Let not a twig of the acoka-tree that my feet have caressed be
+broken, even to make an earring. Let the flowers of the malati creeper
+I tended be plucked only to offer to the gods. Let the picture of Kama
+in my room near my pillow be torn in pieces. The mango-trees I planted
+must be tended so that they may come to fruit. (568) Set free from the
+misery of their cage the maina Kalindi and the parrot Parihasa. Let
+the little mongoose that rested in my lap now rest in thine. Let my
+child, the fawn Taralaka, be given to a hermitage. Let the partridges
+on the pleasure-hill that grew up in my hand be kept alive. See that
+the hamsa that followed my steps be not killed. Let my poor ape be
+set free, for she is unhappy in the house. Let the pleasure-hill be
+given to some calm-souled hermit, and let the things I use myself be
+given to Brahmans. My lute thou must lovingly keep in thine own lap,
+and anything else that pleases thee must be thine own. But as for
+me, I will cling to my lord's neck, and so on the funeral pyre allay
+the fever which the moon, sandal, lotus-fibres, and all cool things
+have but increased." (569) Then she embraced Mahacveta, saying: "Thou
+indeed hast some hope whereby to endure life, even though its pains
+be worse than death; but I have none, and so I bid thee farewell,
+dear friend, till we meet in another birth."
+
+'As though she felt the joy of reunion, she honoured the feet of
+Candrapida with bent head, and placed them in her lap. (570) At
+her touch a strange bright light arose from Candrapida's body, and
+straightway a voice was heard in the sky: "Dear Mahacveta, I will
+again console thee. The body of thy Pundarika, nourished in my world
+and by my light, free from death, awaits its reunion with thee. The
+other body, that of Candrapida, is filled with my light, and so is
+not subject to death, both from its own nature, and because it is
+nourished by the touch of Kadambari; it has been deserted by the
+soul by reason of a curse, like the body of a mystic whose spirit
+has passed into another form. Let it rest here to console thee and
+Kadambari till the curse be ended. Let it not be burnt, nor cast into
+water, nor deserted. It must be kept with all care till its reunion."
+
+'All but Patralekha were astounded at this saying, and fixed their
+gaze on the sky; but she, recovering, at the cool touch of that light,
+from the swoon brought on by seeing the death of Candrapida, rose,
+hastily seizing Indrayudha from his groom, saying: "However it may be
+for us, thou must not for a moment leave thy master to go alone without
+a steed on his long journey;" and plunged, together with Indrayudha,
+into the Acchoda Lake. (571) Straightway there rose from the lake a
+young ascetic, and approaching Mahacveta, said mournfully: "Princess
+of the Gandharvas, knowest thou me, now that I have passed through
+another birth?" Divided between joy and grief, she paid homage to
+his feet, and replied: "Blessed Kapinjala, am I so devoid of virtue
+that I could forget thee? And yet this thought of me is natural,
+since I am so strangely ignorant of myself and deluded by madness
+that when my lord Pundarika is gone to heaven I yet live. (572) Tell
+me of Pundarika." He then recalled how he had flown into the sky in
+pursuit of the being who carried off Pundarika, and passing by the
+wondering gods in their heavenly cars, he had reached the world of
+the moon. "Then that being," he continued, "placed Pundarika's body
+on a couch in the hall called Mahodaya, and said: 'Know me to be the
+moon! (573) When I was rising to help the world I was cursed by thy
+friend, because my beams were slaying him before he could meet his
+beloved; and he prayed that I, too, might die in the land of Bharata,
+the home of all sacred rites, knowing myself the pains of love. But I,
+wrathful at being cursed for what was his own fault, uttered the curse
+that he should endure the same lot of joy or sorrow as myself. When,
+however, my anger passed away, I understood what had happened about
+Mahacveta. Now, she is sprung from the race that had its origin in
+my beams, and she chose him for her lord. Yet he and I must both
+be born twice in the world of mortals, else the due order of births
+will not be fulfilled. I have therefore carried the body hither, and
+I nourish it with my light lest it should perish before the curse is
+ended, and I have comforted Mahacveta. (574) Tell the whole matter to
+Pundarika's father. His spiritual power is great, and he may find a
+remedy.' And I, rushing away in grief, leapt off another rider in a
+heavenly chariot, and in wrath he said to me: 'Since in the wide path
+of heaven thou hast leapt over me like a horse in its wild course,
+do thou become a horse, and descend into the world of mortals.' To
+my tearful assurance that I had leapt over him in the blindness of
+grief, and not from contempt, he replied: 'The curse, once uttered,
+cannot be recalled. But when thy rider shall die, thou shalt bathe and
+be freed from the curse.' Then I implored him that as my friend was
+about to be born with the moon-god, in the world of mortals, I might,
+as a horse, constantly dwell with him. (575) Softened by my affection,
+he told me that the moon would be born as a son to King Tarapida
+at Ujjayini, Pundarika would be the son of his minister, Cukanasa,
+and that I should be the prince's steed. Straightway I plunged into
+the ocean, and rose as a horse, but yet lost not consciousness of the
+past. I it was who purposely brought Candrapida hither in pursuit of
+the kinnaras. And he who sought thee by reason of the love implanted
+in a former birth, and was consumed by a curse in thine ignorance,
+was my friend Pundarika come down to earth."
+
+'Then Mahacveta beat her breast with a bitter cry, saying: "Thou didst
+keep thy love for me through another birth, Pundarika; I was all the
+world to thee; and yet, like a demon, born for thy destruction even in
+a fresh life, I have received length of years but to slay thee again
+and again. (576) Even in thee, methinks, coldness must now have sprung
+up towards one so ill-fated, in that thou answerest not my laments;"
+and she flung herself on the ground. But Kapinjala pityingly replied:
+"Thou art blameless, princess, and joy is at hand. Grieve not,
+therefore, but pursue the penance undertaken by thee; for to perfect
+penance naught is impossible, and by the power of thine austerities
+thou shalt soon be in the arms of my friend."
+
+'(577) Then Kadambari asked Kapinjala what had become of Patralekha
+when she plunged with him into the tank. But he knew naught of what
+had happened since then, either to her, or his friend, or Candrapida,
+and rose to the sky to ask the sage Cvetaketu, Pundarika's father,
+to whom everything in the three worlds was visible.
+
+'(577-578) Then Mahacveta counselled Kadambari, whose love to her was
+drawn the closer from the likeness of her sorrow, that she should
+spend her life in ministering to the body of Candrapida, nothing
+doubting that while others, to gain good, worshipped shapes of wood
+and stone that were but images of invisible gods, she ought to worship
+the present deity, veiled under the name of Candrapida. Laying his
+body tenderly on a rock, Kadambari put off the adornments with which
+she had come to meet her lover, keeping but one bracelet as a happy
+omen. She bathed, put on two white robes, rubbed off the deep stain of
+betel from her lips, (579) and the very flowers, incense, and unguents
+she had brought to grace a happy love she now offered to Candrapida
+in the worship due to a god. That day and night she spent motionless,
+holding the feet of the prince, and on the morrow she joyfully saw
+that his brightness was unchanged, (581) and gladdened her friends
+and the prince's followers by the tidings. (582) The next day she sent
+Madalekha to console her parents, and they sent back an assurance that
+they had never thought to see her wed, and that now they rejoiced
+that she had chosen for her husband the incarnation of the moon-god
+himself. They hoped, when the curse was over, to behold again her
+lotus-face in the company of their son-in-law. (583) So comforted,
+Kadambari remained to tend and worship the prince's body. Now, when
+the rainy season was over, Meghanada came to Kadambari, and told her
+that messengers had been sent by Tarapida to ask the cause of the
+prince's delay, (584) and that he, to spare her grief, had told them
+the whole story, and bade them hasten to tell all to the king. They,
+however, had replied that this might doubtless be so; yet, to say
+nothing of their hereditary love for the prince, the desire to see so
+great a marvel urged them to ask to be allowed to behold him; their
+long service deserved the favour; and what would the king say if they
+failed to see Candrapida's body? (585) Sorrowfully picturing to herself
+what the grief of Tarapida would be, Kadambari admitted the messengers,
+(586) and as they tearfully prostrated themselves, she consoled them,
+saying that this was a cause for joy rather than sorrow. "Ye have seen
+the prince's face, and his body free from change; therefore hasten to
+the king's feet. Yet do not spread abroad this story, but say that ye
+have seen the prince, and that he tarries by the Acchoda Lake. For
+death must come to all, and is easily believed; but this event,
+even when seen, can scarce win faith. It profits not now, therefore,
+by telling this to his parents, to create in them a suspicion of
+his death; but when he comes to life again, this wondrous tale will
+become clear to them." (587) But they replied: "Then we must either not
+return or keep silence. But neither course is possible; nor could we
+so greet the sorrowing king." She therefore sent Candrapida's servant
+Tvaritaka with them, to give credit to the story, for the prince's
+royal retinue had all taken a vow to live there, eating only roots
+and fruits, and not to return till the prince himself should do so.
+
+(589) 'After many days, Queen Vilasavati, in her deep longing for
+news of her son, went to the temple of the Divine Mothers of Avanti,
+[345] the guardian goddesses of Ujjayini, to pray for his return; and
+on a sudden a cry arose from the retinue: "Thou art happy, O Queen! The
+Mothers have shown favour to thee! Messengers from the prince are at
+hand." Then she saw the messengers, with the city-folk crowding round
+them, asking news of the prince, or of sons, brothers, and other
+kinsfolk among his followers, (591) but receiving no answers. She
+sent for them to the temple court, and cried: "Tell me quickly of my
+son. (592) Have ye seen him?" And they, striving to hide their grief,
+replied: "O Queen, he has been seen by us on the shore of the Acchoda
+Lake, and Tvaritaka will tell thee the rest." "What more," said she,
+"can this unhappy man tell me? For your own sorrowful bearing has
+told the tale. Alas, my child! Wherefore hast thou not returned? When
+thou didst bid me farewell, I knew by my forebodings that I should not
+behold thy face again. (593) This all comes from the evil deeds of my
+former birth. Yet think not, my son, that I will live without thee,
+for how could I thus even face thy father? And yet, whether it be
+from love, or from the thought that one so fair must needs live, or
+from the native simplicity of a woman's mind, my heart cannot believe
+that ill has befallen thee." (594) Meanwhile, the news was told to
+the king, and he hastened to the temple with Cukanasa, and tried to
+rouse the queen from the stupor of grief, saying: (595) "My queen,
+we dishonour ourselves by this show of grief. Our good deeds in a
+former life have carried us thus far. We are not the vessel of further
+joys. That which we have not earned is not won at will by beating
+the breast. The Creator does what He wills, and depends on none. We
+have had the joy of our son's babyhood and boyhood and youth. We have
+crowned him, and greeted his return from his world conquest. (596)
+All that is lacking to our wishes is that we have not seen him wed,
+so that we might leave him in our place, and retire to a hermitage. But
+to gain every desire is the fruit of very rare merit. We must, however,
+question Tvaritaka, for we know not all yet." (597) But when he heard
+from Tvaritaka how the prince's heart had broken, he interrupted him,
+and cried that a funeral pyre should be prepared for himself near the
+shrine of Mahakala. (598) All his treasure was to be given to Brahmans,
+and the kings who followed him were to return to their own lands. Then
+Tvaritaka implored him to hear the rest of the story of Vaicampayana,
+and his grief was followed by wonder; while Cukanasa, showing the
+desire of a true friend to forget his own grief and offer consolation,
+said: (599) "Sire, in this wondrous transitory existence, wherein
+wander gods, demons, animals and men, filled with joy and grief,
+there is no event which is not possible. Why then doubt concerning
+this? If from a search for reason, how many things rest only on
+tradition, and are yet seen to be true? As the use of meditation
+or certain postures to cure a poisoned man, the attraction of the
+loadstone, the efficacy of mantras, Vedic or otherwise, in actions
+of all kinds, wherein sacred tradition is our authority. (600) Now
+there are many stories of curses in the Puranas, the Ramayana, the
+Mahabharata, and the rest. For it was owing to a curse that Nahusha
+[346] became a serpent, Saudasa [347] a cannibal, Yayati decrepit,
+Tricamku [348] a Candala, the heaven-dwelling Mahabhisha was born
+as Cantanu, while Ganga became his wife, and the Vasus, [349] his
+sons. Nay, even the Supreme God, Vishnu, was born as Yamadagni's son,
+and, dividing himself into four, he was born to Dacaratha, and also
+to Vasudeva at Mathura. Therefore the birth of gods among mortals
+is not hard of belief. And thou, sire, art not behind the men of
+old in virtue, nor is the moon greater than the god from whom the
+lotus springs. Our dreams at our sons' birth confirm the tale; the
+nectar that dwells in the moon preserves the prince's body, (601)
+and his beauty that gladdens the world must be destined to dwell in
+the world. We shall therefore soon see his marriage with Kadambari,
+and therein find all the past troubles of life more than repaid. Do
+then thine utmost by worshipping gods, giving gifts to Brahmans,
+and practising austerities, to secure this blessing." (602-604) The
+king assented, but expressed his resolve to go himself to behold the
+prince, and he and the queen, together with Cukanasa and his wife,
+went to the lake. (605) Comforted by the assurance of Meghanada, who
+came to meet him, that the prince's body daily grew in brightness,
+he entered the hermitage; (606) while, at the news of his coming,
+Mahacveta fled in shame within the cave, and Kadambari swooned. And
+as he looked on his son, who seemed but to sleep, the queen rushed
+forward, and with fond reproaches entreated Candrapida to speak
+to them. (608) But the king reminded her that it was her part to
+comfort Cukanasa and his wife. "She also, to whom we shall owe the
+joy of again beholding our son alive, even the Gandharva princess,
+is yet in a swoon; do thou take her in thine arms, and bring her
+back to consciousness." Then she tenderly touched Kadambari, saying
+"Be comforted, my mother, [350] for without thee, who could have
+preserved the body of my son Candrapida? Surely thou must be wholly
+made of amrita, that we are again able to behold his face." (609) At
+the name of Candrapida and the touch of the queen, so like his own,
+Kadambari recovered her senses, and was helped by Madalekha to pay
+due honour, though with face bent in shame, to his parents. She
+received their blessing--"Mayest thou live long, and long enjoy an
+unwidowed life"--and was set close behind Vilasavati. The king then
+bade her resume her care of the prince, and took up his abode in
+a leafy bower near the hermitage, provided with a cool stone slab,
+and meet for a hermit, (610) and told his royal retinue that he would
+now carry out his long-cherished desire of an ascetic life, and that
+they must protect his subjects. "It is surely a gain if I hand over
+my place to one worthy of it, and by this enfeebled and useless body
+of mine win the joys of another world."
+
+'So saying, he gave up all his wonted joys, and betook himself to
+the unwonted life in the woods; he found a palace beneath the trees;
+the delights of the zenana, in the creepers; the affection of friends,
+in the fawns; the pleasure of attire, in rags and bark garments. (611)
+His weapons were rosaries; his ambition was for another world; his
+desire for wealth was in penance. He refused all the delicacies that
+Kadambari and Mahacveta offered him, and so dwelt with his queen and
+Cukanasa, counting all pains light, so that every morning and evening
+he might have the joy of seeing Candrapida.'
+
+Having told this tale, [351] the sage Jabali said with a scornful
+smile to his son Harita and the other ascetics: 'Ye have seen how this
+story has had power to hold us long, and to charm our hearts. And this
+is the love-stricken being who by his own fault fell from heaven,
+and became on earth Vaicampayana, son of Cukanasa. He it is who,
+by the curse of his own wrathful father, and by Mahacveta's appeal
+to the truth of her heart, has been born as a parrot.' (612) As he
+thus spoke, I awoke, as it were, out of sleep, and, young as I was,
+I had on the tip of my tongue all the knowledge gained in a former
+birth; I became skilled in all arts; I had a clear human voice,
+memory, and all but the shape of a man. My affection for the prince,
+my uncontrolled passion, my devotion to Mahacveta, all returned. A
+yearning arose in me to know about them and my other friends, and
+though in deepest shame, I faintly asked Jabali: 'Now, blessed saint,
+that thou hast brought back my knowledge, my heart breaks for the
+prince who died in grief for my death. (613) Vouchsafe to tell me
+of him, so that I may be near him; even my birth as an animal will
+not grieve me.' With mingled scorn and pity he replied: 'Wilt thou
+not even now restrain thine old impatience? Ask, when thy wings are
+grown.' Then to his son's inquiry how one of saintly race should be
+so enslaved by love, he replied that this weak and unrestrained nature
+belonged to those born, like me, from a mother only. For the Veda says,
+'As a man's parents are, so is he,' (614) and medical science, too,
+declares their weakness. And he said my life now would be but short,
+but that when the curse was over, I should win length of years. I
+humbly asked by what sacrifices I should gain a longer life, but he
+bade me wait, and as the whole night had passed unobserved in his
+story, (615) he sent the ascetics to offer the morning oblation, while
+Harita took me, and placed me in his own hut near his couch, and went
+to his morning duties. (616) During his absence, I sorrowfully thought
+how hard it would be to rise from being a bird to being a Brahman,
+not to say a saint, who has the bliss of heaven. Yet if I could not
+be united to those I loved in past lives why should I yet live? But
+Harita then returned, and told me that Kapinjala was there. (617-618)
+When I saw him weary, yet loving as ever, I strove to fly to him, and
+he, lifting me up, placed me in his bosom, and then on his head. (619)
+Then he told me, 'Thy father Cvetaketu knew by divine insight of
+thy plight, and has begun a rite to help thee. As he began it I was
+set free from my horse's shape; (620) but he kept me till Jabali had
+recalled the past to thee, and now sends me to give thee his blessing,
+and say that thy mother Lakshmi is also helping in the rite.' (621)
+Then, bidding me stay in the hermitage, he rose to the sky, to take
+part in the rite. (622) After some days, however, my wings were grown,
+and I resolved to fly to Mahacveta, so I set off towards the north;
+(623) but weariness soon overtook me, and I went to sleep in a tree,
+only to wake in the snare of a terrible Candala. (624) I besought
+him to free me, for I was on the way to my beloved, but he said he
+had captured me for the young Candala princess, who had heard of
+my gifts. With horror I heard that I, the son of Lakshmi and of a
+great saint, must dwell with a tribe shunned even by barbarians;
+(625) but when I urged that he could set me free without danger,
+for none would see him, he laughed, and replied: 'He, for whom there
+exist not the five guardians of the world, [352] witnesses of right
+and wrong, dwelling within his own body to behold his actions, will
+not do his duty for fear of any other being.' (626) So he carried me
+off, and as I looked out in hope of getting free from him, I beheld
+the barbarian settlement, a very market-place of evil deeds. It was
+surrounded on all sides by boys engaged in the chase, unleashing their
+hounds, teaching their falcons, mending snares, carrying weapons, and
+fishing, horrible in their attire, like demoniacs. Here and there the
+entrance to their dwellings, hidden by thick bamboo forests, was to
+be inferred, from the rising of smoke of orpiment. On all sides the
+enclosures were made with skulls; (627) the dustheaps in the roads
+were filled with bones; the yards of the huts were miry with blood,
+fat, and meat chopped up. The life there consisted of hunting; the
+food, of flesh; the ointment, of fat; the garments, of coarse silk;
+the couches, of dried skins; the household attendants, of dogs; the
+animals for riding, of cows; the men's employment, of wine and women;
+the oblation to the gods, of blood; the sacrifice, of cattle. The
+place was the image of all hells. (628) Then the man brought me to
+the Candala maiden, who received me gladly, and placed me in a cage,
+saying: 'I will take from thee all thy wilfulness.' What was I to
+do? Were I to pray her to release me, it was my power of speech that
+had made her desire me; were I silent, anger might make her cruel;
+(629) still, it was my want of self-restraint that had caused all my
+misery, and so I resolved to restrain all my senses, and I therefore
+kept entire silence and refused all food.
+
+Next day, however, the maiden brought fruits and water, and when I
+did not touch them she said tenderly: 'It is unnatural for birds and
+beasts to refuse food when hungry. If thou, mindful of a former birth,
+makest distinction of what may or may not be eaten, yet thou art now
+born as an animal, and canst keep no such distinction. (630) There is
+no sin in acting in accordance with the state to which thy past deeds
+have brought thee. Nay, even for those who have a law concerning food,
+it is lawful, in a time of distress, to eat food not meet for them,
+in order to preserve life. Much more, then, for thee. Nor needst thou
+fear this food as coming from our caste; for fruit may be accepted
+even from us; and water, even from our vessels, is pure, so men say,
+when it falls on the ground.' I, wondering at her wisdom, partook of
+food, but still kept silence.
+
+'After some time, when I had grown up, I woke one day to find myself
+in this golden cage, and beheld the Candala maiden as thou, O king,
+hast seen her. (631) The whole barbarian settlement shewed like
+a city of the gods, and before I could ask what it all meant, the
+maiden brought me to thy feet. But who she is and why she has become a
+Candala, and why I am bound or brought hither, I am as eager as thou,
+O king, to learn.'
+
+Thereupon the king, in great amazement, sent for the maiden, and she,
+entering, overawed the king with her majesty, and said with dignity:
+'Thou gem of earth, lord of Rohini, joy of Kadambari's eyes--thou, O
+moon, hast heard the story of thy past birth, and that of this foolish
+being. Thou knowest from him how even in this birth he disregarded his
+father's command, and set off to seek his bride. Now I am Lakshmi,
+his mother, and his father, seeing by divine insight that he had
+started, bade me keep him in safety till the religious rite for him was
+completed, and lead him to repentance. (632) The rite is now over. The
+end of the curse is at hand. I brought him to thee that thou mightest
+rejoice with him thereat. I became a Candala to avoid contact with
+mankind. Do ye both therefore, straightway leave bodies beset with the
+ills of birth, old age, pain, and death, and win the joy of union with
+your beloved.' So saying, she suddenly rose to the sky, followed by
+the gaze of all the people, while the firmament rang with her tinkling
+anklets. The king, at her words, remembered his former birth and said:
+'Dear Pundarika, now called Vaicampayana, happy is it that the curse
+comes to an end at the same moment for us both'; but while he spoke,
+Love drew his bow, taking Kadambari as his best weapon, and entered
+into the king's heart to destroy his life. (635) The flame of love
+wholly consumed him, and from longing for Mahacveta, Vaicampayana,
+who was in truth Pundarika, endured the same sufferings as the king.
+
+Now at this time there set in the fragrant season of spring, as if to
+burn him utterly, (636) and while it intoxicated all living beings,
+it was used by Love as his strongest shaft to bewilder the heart of
+Kadambari. On Kama's festival she passed the day with great difficulty,
+and at twilight, when the quarters were growing dark, she bathed,
+worshipped Kama, and placed before him the body of Candrapida, washed,
+anointed with musk-scented sandal, and decked with flowers. (637)
+Filled with a deep longing, she drew nigh, as if unconsciously and
+suddenly, bereft by love of a woman's native timidity, she could
+no longer restrain herself, and clasped Candrapida's neck as though
+he were yet alive. At her ambrosial embrace the prince's life came
+back to him, and, clasping her closely, like one awakened from sleep
+(638), he gladdened her by saying: 'Timid one, away with fear! Thine
+embrace hath brought me to life; for thou art born of the Apsaras race
+sprung from nectar, and it was but the curse that prevented thy touch
+from reviving me before. I have now left the mortal shape of Cudraka,
+that caused the pain of separation from thee; but this body I kept,
+because it won thy love. Now both this world and the moon are bound
+to thy feet. Vaicampayana, too, the beloved of thy friend Mahacveta,
+has been freed from the curse with me.' While the moon, hidden
+in the shape of Candrapida, thus spoke, Pundarika descended from
+the sky, pale, wearing still the row of pearls given by Mahacveta,
+and holding the hand of Kapinjala. (639) Gladly Kadambari hastened
+to tell Mahacveta of her lover's return, while Candrapida said:
+'Dear Pundarika, though in an earlier birth thou wast my son-in-law,
+[353] thou must now be my friend, as in our last birth.' Meanwhile,
+Keyuraka set off to Hemakuta to tell Hamsa and Citraratha, and
+Madalekha fell at the feet of Tarapida, who was absorbed in prayer
+to Civa, Vanquisher of Death, and Vilasavati, and told them the
+glad tidings. (640) Then the aged king came, leaning on Cukanasa,
+with the queen and Manorama, and great was the joy of all. Kapinjala
+too brought a message to Cukanasa from Cvetakatu, saying: 'Pundarika
+was but brought up by me; but he is thy son, and loves thee; do thou
+therefore keep him from ill, and care for him as thine own. (641) I
+have placed in him my own life, and he will live as long as the moon;
+so that my desires are fulfilled. The divine spirit of life in me now
+yearns to reach a region surpassing the world of gods.' That night
+passed in talk of their former birth; and next day the two Gandharva
+kings came with their queens, and the festivities were increased a
+thousandfold. Citraratha, however, said: 'Why, when we have palaces of
+our own, do we feast in the forest? Moreover, though marriage resting
+only on mutual love is lawful among us, [354] yet let us follow the
+custom of the world.' 'Nay,' replied Tarapida. 'Where a man hath
+known his greatest happiness, there is his home, even if it be the
+forest.1 (642) And where else have I known such joy as here? [355]
+All my palaces, too, have been given over to thy son-in-law; take
+my son, therefore, with his bride, and taste the joys of home.' Then
+Citraratha went with Candrapida to Hemakuta, and offered him his whole
+kingdom with the hand of Kadambari. Hamsa did the same to Pundarika;
+but both refused to accept anything, for their longings were satisfied
+with winning the brides dear to their hearts.
+
+Now, one day Kadambari, though her joy was complete, asked her husband
+with tears: 'How is it that when we all have died and come to life,
+and have been united with each other, Patralekha alone is not here,
+nor do we know what has become of her?' 'How could she be here, my
+beloved?' replied the prince tenderly. 'For she is my wife Rohini,
+and, when she heard I was cursed, grieving for my grief, she refused
+to leave me alone in the world of mortals, and though I sought to
+dissuade her, she accepted birth in that world even before me, that
+she might wait upon me. (643) When I entered on another birth, she
+again wished to descend to earth; but I sent her back to the world
+of the moon. There thou wilt again behold her.' But Kadambari, in
+wonder at Rohini's nobility, tenderness, loftiness of soul, devotion,
+and charm, was abashed, and could not utter a word.
+
+The ten nights that Candrapida spent at Hemakuta passed as swiftly
+as one day; and then, dismissed by Citraratha and Madira, who were
+wholly content with him, he approached the feet of his father. There he
+bestowed on the chieftains who had shared his sufferings a condition
+like his own, and laying on Pundarika the burden of government,
+followed the steps of his parents, who had given up all earthly
+duties. Sometimes from love of his native land, he would dwell in
+Ujjayini, where the citizens gazed at him with wide, wondering eyes;
+sometimes, from respect to the Gandharva king, at Hemakuta, beautiful
+beyond compare; sometimes, from reverence to Rohini, in the world
+of the moon, where every place was charming from the coolness and
+fragrance of nectar; sometimes, from love to Pundarika, by the lake
+where Lakshmi dwelt, on which the lotuses ever blossomed night and day,
+and often, to please Kadambari, in many another fair spot.
+
+With Kadambari he enjoyed many a pleasure, to which the yearning of
+two births gave an ever fresh [356] and inexhaustible delight. Nor
+did the Moon rejoice alone with Kadambari, nor she with Mahacveta,
+but Mahacveta with Pundarika, and Pundarika with the Moon, all spent
+an eternity of joy in each other's company, and reached the very
+pinnacle of happiness.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+APPENDIX.
+
+
+DESCRIPTION OF UJJAYINI.
+
+
+(102) There is a town by name Ujjayini, the proudest gem of the
+three worlds, the very birthplace of the golden age, created by the
+blessed Mahakala, [357] Lord of Pramathas, [358] Creator, Preserver
+and Destroyer of the Universe, as a habitation meet for himself, like
+a second earth. It is encompassed by a moat deep as hell--as by the
+ocean, mistaking it for another earth--and surrounded by fenced walls,
+white with plaster, like Kailasa, with its many points showing clear
+against the sky, through joy at being the dwelling of Civa.
+
+It is adorned with large bazaars, like the oceans when their waters
+were drunk by Agastya, stretching far, with gold-dust for sand,
+with conch and oyster pearls, coral and emeralds laid bare. The
+painted halls that deck it are filled with gods, demons, Siddhas,
+[359] Gandharvas, genii, and snakes, (103) and show like a row of
+heavenly chariots come down from the sky to behold fair women at
+ceaseless festivals. Its crossways shine with temples like Mandara
+whitened by the milk raised up by the churning stick, with spotless
+golden vases for peaks, and white banners stirred by the breeze
+like the peaks of Himalaya with the heavenly Ganges falling on
+them. Commons gray with ketaki pollen, dark with green gardens,
+watered by buckets constantly at work, and having wells adorned with
+brick seats, lend their charm. Its groves are darkened by bees vocal
+with honey draughts, its breeze laden with the sweetness of creeper
+flowers, all trembling. It pays open honour to Kama, with banners
+marked with the fish on the house-poles, with bells ringing merrily,
+with crimson pennons of silk, and red cowries steady, made of coral,
+standing upright in every house. Its sin is washed away by the
+perpetual recitation of sacred books. (104) It resounds with the cry
+of the peacocks, intent on a wild dance with their tails outspread
+from excitement in the bathing-houses, wherein is the steady, deep
+sound of the drums, and a storm caused by the heavy showers of spray,
+and beautiful rainbows made by the sunbeams cast upon it. It glitters
+with lakes, fair with open blue water-lilies, with their centre white
+as unclosed moon-lotuses, beautiful in their unwavering gaze, [360]
+like the thousand eyes of Indra. It is whitened with ivory turrets on
+all sides, endowed with plantain groves, white as flecks of ambrosial
+foam. It is girt with the river Sipra, which seems to purify the sky,
+with its waves forming a ceaseless frown, as though jealously beholding
+the river of heaven on the head of Civa, while its waters sway over
+the rounded forms of the Malavis, wild with the sweetness of youth.
+
+The light-hearted race that dwell there, like the moon on the locks
+of Civa, spread their glory [361] through all the earth, and have
+their horn filled with plenty; [362] like Mainaka, they have known no
+pakshapata; [363] like the stream of the heavenly Ganges, with its
+golden lotuses, their heaps of gold and rubies [364] shine forth;
+like the law-books, they order the making of water-works, bridges,
+temples, pleasure-grounds, wells, hostels for novices, wayside sheds
+for watering cattle, and halls of assembly; like Mandara, they have
+the best treasures of ocean drawn up for them; though they have charms
+against poison, [365] yet they fear snakes; [366] though they live
+on the wicked, [367] they give their best to the good; though bold,
+they are very courteous; though pleasant of speech, they are truthful;
+though handsome, [368] content with their wives; though they invite
+the entrance of guests, they know not how to ask a boon; though they
+seek love and wealth, they are strictly just; though virtuous, they
+fear another world. [369] They are connoisseurs in all arts, pleasant
+[370] and intelligent. They talk merrily, are charming in their humour,
+spotless in their attire, (106) skilled in foreign languages, clever
+at subtleties of speech, [371] versed in stories of all kinds, [372]
+accomplished in letters, having a keen delight in the Mahabharata,
+Puranas, and Ramayana, familiar with the Brihatkatha, masters of the
+whole circle of arts, especially gambling, lovers of the castras,
+devoted to light literature, calm as a fragrant spring breeze,
+constantly going to the south; [373] upright, [374] like the wood of
+Himalaya; skilled in the worship of Rama, [375] like Lakshmana; open
+lovers of Bharata, like Catrughna; [376] like the day, following the
+sun; [377] like a Buddhist, bold in saying 'Yes' about all kinds of
+gifts; [378] like the doctrine of the Samkhya philosophy, possessed
+of noble men; [379] like Jinadharma, pitiful to life.
+
+The city seems possessed of rocks, with its palaces; it stretches like
+a suburb with its long houses; it is like the tree that grants desires
+with its good citizens; it bears in its painted halls the mirror of
+all forms. Like twilight, it shines with the redness of rubies; [380]
+(107) like the form of the Lord of Heaven, it is purified with the
+smoke of a hundred sacrifices; like the wild dance of Civa, it has
+the smiles, which are its white markets; [381] like an old woman, it
+has its beauty worn; [382] like the form of Garuda, it is pleasing
+in being the resting-place of Vishnu; [383] like the hour of dawn,
+it has its people all alert; like the home of a mountaineer, it has
+palaces in which ivory cowries [384] are hanging; like the form of
+Cesha, [385] it always bears the world; like the hour of churning
+the ocean, it fills the end of the earth with its hubbub; [386]
+like the rite of inauguration, it has a thousand gold pitchers [387]
+at hand; like Gauri, it has a form fit to sit on the lion-throne;
+like Aditi, honoured in a hundred houses of the gods; like the
+sports of Mahavaraha, showing the casting down of Hiranyaksha;
+[388] like Kadru, it is a joy to the race of reptiles; [389] like
+the Harivamca, it is charming with the games of many children. [390]
+(108) Though its courts are open to all, its glory is uninjured;
+[391] though it glows with colour, [392] it is white as nectar;
+though it is hung with strings of pearls, yet when unadorned [393]
+it is adorned the most; though composed of many elements, [394] it is
+yet stable, and it surpasses in splendour the world of the immortals.
+
+There the sun is daily seen paying homage to Mahakala, for his steeds
+vail their heads at the charm of the sweet chant of the women singing
+in concert in the lofty white palaces, and his pennon droops before
+him. There his rays fall on the vermeil floors like the crimson of
+eve; and on the emerald seats, as though busy in creating lotus beds;
+on the lapis-lazuli, as though scattered on the sky; on the circling
+aloe smoke, as though eager to break its dense gloom; on the wreaths
+of pearl, as though disdaining the clusters of stars; (109) on the
+women's faces, as though kissing unfolding lotuses; on the splendour of
+crystal walls, as though falling amid the pale moonlight of morning;
+on the white silken banners, as though hanging on the waves of the
+heavenly Ganges; on the sun-gems, as though blossoming from them;
+on the sapphire lattices, as though entering the jaws of Rahu. There
+darkness never falls, and the nights bring no separation to the pairs
+of cakravakas; nor need they any lamps, for they pass golden as with
+morning sunshine, from the bright jewels of women, as though the world
+were on fire with the flame of love. There, though Civa is at hand,
+the cry of the hamsas in the houses, arising sweet and ceaseless,
+at the kindling of love, fills the city with music, like the mourning
+of Rati for the burning of the God of Love. There the palaces stretch
+forth their flags, whose silken fringes gleam and flutter at night
+in the wind, like arms to remove the mark of the moon put to shame
+by the fair lotus-faced Malavis. (110) There the moon, deer-marked,
+moves, in the guise of his reflection, on the jewel pavement, cool
+with the sprinkling of much sandal-water, as though he had fallen
+captive to Love at the sight of the faces of the fair city dames
+resting on the palace roofs. There the auspicious songs of dawn
+raised by the company of caged parrots and starlings, though they
+sing their shrillest, as they wake at night's close, are drowned and
+rendered vain by the tinkling of women's ornaments, reaching far,
+and outvying the ambrosial voices of the tame cranes. [395] (111)
+There dwells Civa, who has pierced the demon Andhaka with his sharp
+trident, who has a piece of the moon on his brow polished by the
+points of Gauri's anklets, whose cosmetic is the dust of Tripura,
+and whose feet are honoured by many bracelets fallen from Rati's
+outstretched arms as she pacifies him when bereft of Kama.
+
+
+
+DESCRIPTION OF TARAPIDA. [396]
+
+(112) Like hell, he was the refuge of the lords of earth, [397]
+fearing when their soaring pride was shorn; [398] like the stars, he
+was followed by the wise men; [399] like Love, he destroyed strife;
+[400] like Dacaratha, he had good friends; [401] (113) like Civa,
+he was followed by a mighty host; [402] like Cesha, he had the weight
+of the earth upon him; [403] like the stream of Narmada, his descent
+was from a noble tree. [404] He was the incarnation of Justice, the
+very representative of Vishnu, the destroyer of all the sorrows of
+his people. He re-established justice, which had been shaken to its
+foundations by the Kali Age, set on iniquity, and mantled in gloom
+by the spread of darkness, just as Civa re-established Kailasa when
+carried off by Ravana. He was honoured by the world as a second Kama,
+created by Civa when his heart was softened by the lamentations
+of Rati.
+
+(113-115) Before him bowed conquered kings with eyes whose pupils were
+tremulous and quivering from fear, with the bands of the wreaths on
+their crest ornaments caught by the rays of his feet, and with the line
+of their heads broken by the lotus-buds held up in adoration. They
+came from the Mount of Sunrise, [405] which has its girdle washed
+by the ocean waves, where the flowers on the trees of its slopes are
+doubled by stars wandering among the leaves, where the sandal-wood is
+wet with the drops of ambrosia that fall from the moon as it rises,
+where the clove-trees [406] blossom when pierced by the hoofs of
+the horses of the sun's chariot, where the leaves and shoots of the
+olibanum-trees are cut by the trunk of the elephant Airavata; (114)
+from Setubandha, built with a thousand mountains seized by the hand
+of Nala, [407] where the fruit on the lavali-trees is carried off by
+monkeys, where the feet of Rama are worshipped by the water-deities
+coming up from the sea, and where the rock is starred with pieces
+of shell broken by the fall of the mountain; from Mandara, where the
+stars are washed by the waters of pure waterfalls, where the stones are
+polished by the rubbing of the edge of the fish ornament of Krishna
+rising at the churning of ambrosia, where the slopes are torn by the
+weight of the feet moving in the effort of drawing hither and thither
+Vasuki coiled in the struggles of Gods and demons, where the peaks are
+sprinkled with ambrosial spray; from Gandhamadana, beautiful with the
+hermitage of Badarika marked with the footprints of Nara and Narayana,
+where the peaks are resonant with the tinkling of the ornaments of
+the fair dames of Kuvera's city, where the water of the streams is
+purified by the evening worship of the Seven Rishis, and where the
+land around is perfumed by the fragments of lotuses torn up by Bhima.
+
+
+
+CANDRAPIDA'S ENTRY INTO THE PALACE.
+
+(188) Preceded by groups of chamberlains, hastening up and bowing,
+he received the respectful homage of the kings, who had already taken
+their position there, who came forward on all sides, who had the ground
+kissed by the rays of the crest-jewels loosened from their crests and
+thrown afar, and who were introduced one by one by the chamberlains;
+at every step he had auspicious words for his dismounting uttered by
+old women of the zenana, who had come out from inside, and were skilled
+in old customs; having passed through the seven inner courts crowded
+with thousands of different living beings, as if they were different
+worlds, he beheld his father. The king was stationed within, surrounded
+by a body-guard whose hands were stained black by ceaseless grasping of
+weapons, who had their bodies, with the exception of hands, feet, and
+eyes, covered with dark iron coats of mail, (189) like elephant-posts
+covered with swarms of bees ceaselessly attracted by desire of the
+scent of ichor, hereditary in their office, of noble birth, faithful;
+whose heroism might be inferred from their character and gestures,
+and who in their energy and fierceness were like demons. On either
+side he had white cowries ceaselessly waved by his women; and he
+sat on a couch white as a wild goose, and bright as a fair island,
+as if he were the heavenly elephant on the water of Ganges.
+
+
+
+VILASAVATI'S ATTENDANTS.
+
+(190) Approaching his mother, he saluted her. She was surrounded by
+countless zenana attendants in white jackets, like Cri with the waves
+of milk, and was having her time wiled away by elderly ascetic women,
+very calm in aspect, wearing tawny robes, like twilight in its clouds,
+worthy of honour from all the world, with the lobes of their ears long,
+knowing many stories, relating holy tales of old, reciting legends,
+holding books, and giving instructions about righteousness. (191)
+She was attended by eunuchs using the speech and dress of women, and
+wearing strange decorations; she had a mass of cowries constantly waved
+around her, and was waited upon by a bevy of women seated around her,
+bearing clothes, jewels, flowers, perfumes, betel, fans, unguents,
+and golden jars; she had strings of pearls resting on her bosom, as
+the earth has the stream of Ganges flowing in the midst of mountains,
+and the reflection of her face fell on a mirror close by, like the
+sky when the moon's orb has entered into the sun.
+
+
+
+CUKANASA'S PALACE.
+
+(192) He reached Cukanasa's gate, which was crowded with a troop of
+elephants appointed for the watch, obstructed by thousands of horses,
+(193) confused with the hustling of countless multitudes, visited
+day and night by Brahmans, Caivas, and red-robed men skilled in
+the teaching of Cakyamuni, clothed as it were in the garments of
+righteousness, sitting on one side by thousands, forming circles,
+coming for various purposes, eager to see Cukanasa, having their
+eyes opened by the ointment of their several castras, and showing
+their respectful devotion by an appearance of humility. The gateway
+was filled with a hundred thousand she-elephants of the tributary
+kings who had entered the palace with double blankets drawn round
+the mahouts who sat on their shoulders, having their mahouts asleep
+from weariness of their long waiting, some saddled and some not,
+nodding their heads from their long standing motionless. The prince
+dismounted in the outer court, as though he were in a royal palace,
+though not stopped by the guards standing in the entrance and running
+up in haste; and having left his horse at the entrance, leaning on
+Vaicampayana, and having his way shown by circles of gatekeepers,
+who hastened up, pushing away the bystanders, he received the salutes
+of bands of chiefs who arose with waving crests to do him homage,
+and beheld the inner courts with all the attendants mute in fear
+of the scolding of cross porters, and having the ground shaken by
+hundreds of feet of the retinues of neighbouring kings frightened by
+the moving wands, (194) and finally entered the palace of Cukanasa,
+bright inside with fresh plaster, as if it were a second royal court.
+
+
+
+DESCRIPTION OF NIGHT.
+
+(196) The brightness of day approached the west, following the path
+of the sun's chariot-wheels, like a stream of water. Day wiped away
+all the glow of the lotuses with the sun's orb hastening downwards
+like a hand roseate as fresh shoots. The pairs of cakravakas, whose
+necks were hidden in swarms of bees approaching from familiarity
+with the scent of lotuses, were separated as if drawn by the noose
+of destiny. The sun's orb poured forth, under the guise of a rosy
+glow, the lotus honey-draught, as it were, drunk in with its rays
+till the end of day, as if in weariness of its path through the
+heavens. And when in turn the blessed sun approached another world,
+and was a very red lotus-earring of the West, when twilight shone
+forth with its lotus-beds opening into the lake of heaven, (197)
+when in the quarters of space lines of darkness showed clear like
+decorations of black aloes; when the glow of eve was driven out by
+darkness like a band of red lotuses by blue lotuses dark with bees;
+when bees slowly entered the hearts of red lotuses, as if they were
+shoots of darkness, to uproot the sunshine drunk in by the lotus-beds;
+when the evening glow had melted away, like the garland round the face
+of the Lady of night; when the oblations in honour of the goddess of
+twilight were cast abroad in all quarters; when the peacock's poles
+seemed tenanted by peacocks, by reason of the darkness gathered round
+their summits, though no peacocks were there; when the doves, very
+ear-lotuses of the Lakshmi of palaces, were roosting in the holes of
+the lattices; when the swings of the zenana had their bells dumb,
+and their gold seats motionless and bearing no fair dames; when
+the bands of parrots and mainas ceased chattering, and had their
+cages hung up on the branches of the palace mango-trees; when the
+lutes were banished, and their sound at rest in the ceasing of the
+concert; when the tame geese were quiet as the sound of the maidens'
+anklets was stilled; (198) when the wild elephants had the clefts of
+their cheeks free from bees, and their ornaments of pearls, cowries,
+and shells taken away; when the lights were kindled in the stables
+of the king's favourite steeds; when the troops of elephants for the
+first watch were entering; when the family priests, having given their
+blessing, were departing; when the jewelled pavements, emptied almost
+of attendants on the dismissal of the king's suite, spread out wide,
+kissed by the reflection of a thousand lights shining in the inner
+apartments, like offerings of golden campak-blossoms; when the palace
+tanks, with the splendours of the lamps falling on them, seemed as if
+the fresh sunlight had approached to soothe the lotus-beds grieved by
+separation from the sun; when the caged lions were heavy with sleep;
+and when Love had entered the zenana like a watchman, with arrows in
+hand and bow strung; when the words of Love's messenger were uttered
+in the ear, bright in tone as the blossoms in a garland; when the
+hearts of froward dames, widowed by grief, were smouldering in the
+fire transmitted to them from the sun-crystals; and when evening had
+closed in, Candrapida ... went to the king's palace....
+
+
+
+THE REGION OF KAILASA.
+
+(243) The red arsenic-dust scattered by the elephants' tusks crimsoned
+the earth. The clefts of the rock were festooned with shoots of
+creepers, now separating and now uniting, hanging in twists, twining
+like leafage; the stones were wet with the ceaseless dripping of
+gum-trees; the boulders were slippery with the bitumen that oozed from
+the rocks. The slope was dusty with fragments of yellow orpiment broken
+by the mountain horses' hoofs; powdered with gold scattered from the
+holes dug out by the claws of rats; lined by the hoofs of musk-deer
+and yaks sunk in the sand and covered with the hair of rallakas and
+rankus fallen about; filled with pairs of partridges resting on the
+broken pieces of rock; with the mouths of its caves inhabited by pairs
+of orang-outangs; with the sweet scent of sulphur, and with bamboos
+that had grown to the length of wands of office.
+
+
+
+PASSAGES PRINTED IN THE APPENDIX. [408]
+
+
+        102,          1--110, 6
+        111,          1-4
+        112,          6--115, 1
+        188,          4--189, 5
+        190,          6--191, 5
+        192,          11--194, 2
+        196,          4--199, 1
+        243,          4-10
+
+
+
+PASSAGES CONDENSED OR OMITTED. [409]
+
+
+        11,           7--15, 2
+       *31,           10--34, 2
+        46,           7--48, 4
+        81,           3-10
+        83,           1-8
+        85,           3--89, 4
+        119,          3--124, 3
+        137,          7--138, 3
+        141,          6--155, 5
+        162,          8--164, 8
+        176,          6--188, 4
+       *199,          5--200, 9
+        203,          2--204, 2
+       *227,          4--234, 6
+        242,          6-10
+       *245,          4--248, 3
+        250,          3-8
+       *252,          7--256, 5
+        262,          1--266, 3
+        276,          9--277, 8
+        285,          2-4
+       *346,          7--348, 7
+        353,          6--355, 9
+        357,          1-10
+        359,          12--365, 2
+        369,          2-8
+       *383,          6--384,9
+        388,          5--390, 4
+        403,          6--410, 3
+        417,          1--426, 3
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+NOTES
+
+
+[1] It is needless to give here more than the few facts essential
+for the understanding of 'Kadambari,' for the life and times of Bana
+will probably be treated of in the translation of the 'Harsha-Carita'
+by Professor Cowell and Mr. Thomas in this series; and Professor
+Peterson's Introduction to his edition of 'Kadambari' (Bombay Sanskrit
+Series, 1889) deals fully with Bana's place in literature. The facts
+here given are, for the most part, taken from the latter work.
+
+[2] E.g., the Madhuban grant of Sam 25, E. I. i., 67 ff. For this
+and other chronological references I am indebted to Miss C. M. Duff,
+who has let me use the MS. of her 'Chronology of India.'
+
+[3] For Bana's early life, V. 'Harsha-Carita,' chs. i., ii. I have
+to thank Mr. F. W. Thomas for allowing me to see the proof-sheets of
+his translation.
+
+[4] Peterson, 'Kadambari,' pp. 96-98; and 'The Subhashitavali,'
+edited by Peterson (Bombay Sanskrit Series, 1886), pp. 62-66.
+
+[5] Translated by Mr. C. Tawney (Calcutta, 1884), vol. ii.,
+pp. 17-26. Somadeva's date is about A.D. 1063.
+
+[6] V. Peterson, 'Kadambari,' pp. 82-96.
+
+[7] Translated by Ballantyne and Pramada-Dasa-Mitra (Calcutta, 1875),
+Sec. 567. The italics represent words supplied by the translators.
+
+[8] Kadambari,' p. 69.
+
+[9] Professor Peterson does not, however, make this deduction in
+favour of Bana's own version.
+
+[10] I.e., rasa, poetic charm.
+
+[11] 'Kadambari,' Nirnaya Sagara Press, Bombay, pp. 205-221. 'Evam
+samatikramatsu--ajagama.'
+
+[12] Bombay edition, p. 6.
+
+[13] Professor Cowells review of 'A Bengali Historical
+Novel.' Macmillan, April, 1872.
+
+[14] V. Peterson, 'Kadambari,' p. 42.
+
+[15] Indeed, this description is so like in spirit to that of
+Clairvaux, that I cannot forbear quoting a few lines of the latter. The
+writer describes the workshops where the brethren labour, and the
+orchard used for rest and quiet thought, and goes on to say how the
+Aube is raised by the toils of the brethren to the level of the Abbey;
+it throws half its water into the Abbey, 'as if to salute the brethren,
+and seems to excuse itself for not coming in its whole force.' Then
+'it returns with rapid current to the stream, and renders to it,
+in the name of Clairvaux, thanks for all the services which it has
+performed.' The writer then goes on to tell of the fountain which,
+protected by a grassy pavilion, rises from the mountain, and is
+quickly engulfed in the valley, 'offering itself to charm the sight
+and supply the wants of the brethren, as if it were not willing to
+have communition with any others than saints.' This last is surely
+a touch worthy of Bana. V. Dr. Eale's translation of 'St. Bernard's
+Works.' London, 1889, vol. ii., pp. 462-467.
+
+[16] Translated by Mr. C. Tawney. Oriental Translation Fund Series,
+p. 113.
+
+[17] V. 'Kadambari,' Nirnaya Sagara, p. 19, l. 2.
+
+[18] 'Hiouen Thsang,' translated by St. Julien, 'Memoires sur les
+Contrees Occidentals,' I., pp. 247-265. Cf. also 'Harsha-Carita,'
+ch. viii. (p. 236 of the translation), where he pays great honour to
+a Buddhist sage.
+
+[19] E. I. i. 67.
+
+[20] V. 'Katha-Sarit-Sagara,' i. 505.
+
+[21] V. 'Kadambari,' pp. 97-104.
+
+[22] V. 'History of Indian Literature,' translation, London, 1878,
+p. 232.
+
+[23] V. 'Sahitya-Darpana,' Sec. 626-628.
+
+[24] Ibid., Sec. 630.
+
+[25]
+
+   'Not on thy sole, but on thy soul, harsh Jew,
+    Thou makest thy knife keen.'
+
+            'Merchant of Venice,' IV. 1, 123 (Globe edition).
+
+
+   'Now is it Rome indeed, and room enough,
+    When there is in it but one only man.'
+
+                            'Julius Caesar,' I. 2, 156.
+
+[26] V. 'Sahitya-Darpana,' Sec. 664.
+
+[27] Ibid., Sec. 718-722.
+
+[28] Ibid., Sec. 738.
+
+[29] V. Peterson, 'Kadambari,' p. 36.
+
+[30] Cf. Spenser's stanzas on Mutability.
+
+[31] V. infra, p. 208.
+
+[32] V. infra, p. 2.
+
+[33] The list looks long, but the pages in the 'Nirnaya-Sagara'
+edition contain frequently but few lines, and many of the omissions
+are a line or two of oft-repeated similes.
+
+[34] Beginning at p. 566 of the 'Nirnaya-Sagara' edition.
+
+[35] I here take the opportunity to acknowledge what by an oversight
+was omitted in its proper place, my indebtedness to Professor Cowell
+for the rendering into English verse of two couplets given on pp. 11
+and 113.
+
+[36] As the three Vedas, or the triad.
+
+[37] Vishnu Purana, Bk. v., ch. 33.
+
+[38] His guru.
+
+[39] Rasa = (a) the eight rasas; (b) love.
+
+[40] Cayya = (a) composition; (b) couch.
+
+[41] (a) Which sparkle with emphatic words and similes; (b) like
+flashing lamps.
+
+[42] (a) Pun; (b) proximity.
+
+[43] Hanging on his ear (as an ornament).
+
+[44] In the case of elephants, 'having their ichor regulated by a
+proper regimen.'
+
+[45] With renowned warriors on their backs.
+
+[46] Having trunks as thick as sacrificial posts.
+
+[47] I.e., Vasavadatta and the Brihatkatha; or, r., advitiya,
+unrivalled.
+
+[48] (a) Unconquerable in might; (b) having unconquerable shafts.
+
+[49] In the case of Brahma, 'he made his chariot of flamingoes.'
+
+[50] (a) His hand was wet with a stream of constant giving; (b)
+the trunk was wet with ichor.
+
+[51] Or, to the sun's orb.
+
+[52] Vinata = (a) mother of Garuda; (b) humble.
+
+[53] Or, caste.
+
+[54] Or, fines of gold.
+
+[55] Or, fickle affections.
+
+[56] Had, mada = (a) pride; (b) ichor.
+
+[57] Or, breaking away from virtue.
+
+[58] Or, tribute.
+
+[59] In autumn, the hamsas, or wild geese, return.
+
+[60] Or, bamboos.
+
+[61] Ram. I. 60.
+
+[62] He had (a) great faults; (b) a long arm.
+
+[63] Dark.
+
+[64] I.e., imposed no heavy tribute.
+
+[65] Or, 'with citra and cravana,' lunar mansions.
+
+[66] Or, living creatures.
+
+[67] (a) Of lowly birth; (b) not dwelling on earth.
+
+[68] (a) Candala; (b) elephant.
+
+[69] Or, ajati, without caste.
+
+[70] Alaka = (a) curls; (b) a city.
+
+[71] Or, whose love would be a reproach.
+
+[72] A verse in the arya measure.
+
+[73] Vipula, Acala, and Caca, characters in the Brihatkatha. Or,
+broad mountains and hares.
+
+[74] Varuna, tree; varuna, wine.
+
+[75] Or, with lightning.
+
+[76] Constellations. The moon was supposed to have a deer dwelling
+in it.
+
+[77] (a) The cowries held by the suite; (b) different kinds of deer.
+
+[78] (a) Rocky; (b) having Civa.
+
+[79] Kuca: (a) Sita's son; (b) grass. Nicacara: (a) Ravana; (b) owls.
+
+[80] (a) Mark of aloes on the brow; (b) tilaka trees and aloe trees
+all bright.
+
+[81] (a) Love; (b) madana trees.
+
+[82] As an amulet.
+
+[83] Name of an ornament.
+
+[84] Wine-cups.
+
+[85] (a) Halls; (b) cal trees.
+
+[86] (a) Clapping of hands; (b) palm-trees.
+
+[87] (a) Arrows; (b) reeds.
+
+[88] (a) Trees; (b) eyes.
+
+[89] (a) As tamala trees (very dark); (b) with tamala trees.
+
+[90] Virata, a king who befriended the Pandavas. The chief of his army
+was named Kicaka. F. Mbh., Bk. iv., 815. Kicaka also means 'bamboo.'
+
+[91] Or, the twinkling stars of the Deer constellation, pursued by
+the Hunter (a constellation).
+
+[92] Bark garments, matted locks, and rags of grass.
+
+[93] (a) Seven leaves; (b) a tree.
+
+[94] (a) Of fierce disposition; (b) full of wild beasts.
+
+[95] The sign of a vow.
+
+[96] Or perhaps, 'not caring for the fascination of the beauty of
+Ravana,' i.e. his sister. He was loved by Ravana's sister.
+
+[97] Does this refer to the reflection of the sky in its clear water?
+
+[98] Calmali = silk cotton-tree.
+
+[99] Lit., 'striving upwards to see.'
+
+[100] Indra's wood.
+
+[101] Cakuni = (a) bird; (b) name of Duryodhana's supporter.
+
+[102] Or, 'by Vanamala,' Krishna's chaplet.
+
+[103] Tara = (a) wife of Sugriva, the monkey king; (b) star.
+
+[104] Mountaineer.
+
+[105] Arjuna, or Karttavirya, was captured by Ravana when sporting
+in the Nerbuddha, and was killed by Paracurama. V. Vishnu Purana,
+Bk. iv., ch. 11.
+
+[106] Dushana was one of Ravana's generals; Khara was Ravana's brother,
+and was slain by Rama.
+
+[107] Cf. Uttararamacarita, Act V.
+
+[108] Ekalavya, king of the Nishadas, killed by Krishna. Mbh., I., 132.
+
+[109] Or, curls.
+
+[110] V. Harivamca, 83.
+
+[111] Or, with clouds.
+
+[112] She-rhinoceros.
+
+[113] Or, rainbows.
+
+[114] Ekacakra = (a) a city possessed by Vaka; (b) one army, or
+one quoit.
+
+[115] Naga = (a) elephant; (b) snake.
+
+[116] Or, Cikhandi, a son of Drupada, a friend of the Pandavas.
+
+[117] Or, mirage.
+
+[118] Or, eager for the Manasa lake. The Vidyadhara was a good or
+evil genius attending the gods. V. Kulluka on Manu, xii., 47.
+
+[119] Yojanagandha, mother of Vyasa.
+
+[120] Or, 'bearing the form of Bhima.' He was Bhima's son. V. Mbh.,
+I., 155.
+
+[121] (a) Crescent moon of Civa; (b) eyes of peacocks' tails.
+
+[122] Hiranyakacipu. V. Harivamca, 225.
+
+[123] Or, an ambitious man surrounded by bards (to sing his praises).
+
+[124] Or, loving blood.
+
+[125] Nishadas = (a) mountaineers; (b) the highest note of the scale.
+
+[126] (a) Had passed many ages; (b) had killed many birds.
+
+[127] Or, great wealth.
+
+[128] Black.
+
+[129] Or, Durga.
+
+[130] Or, mountain.
+
+[131] (a) Magnanimity; (b) great strength.
+
+[132] Anabhibhavaniya deg..
+
+[133] (a) Awakening cry; (b) moral law.
+
+[134] Owls are supposed to be descendants of the sage Vicvamitra.
+
+[135] As omens.
+
+[136] Picitacna, a demon, or, according to the commentary here,
+a tiger.
+
+[137] Lit., 'creating a doubt of.'
+
+[138] Cf. Emerson's Essay on Experience: 'Sleep lingers all our
+life-time about our eyes, as night hovers all day in the boughs of
+the fir-tree.'
+
+[139] Read, Crama.
+
+[140] Lit., 'To have been an extract from.'
+
+[141] Sacred to Indra, and burnt by Agni with the help of Arjuna
+and Krishna.
+
+[142] Three horizontal lines.
+
+[143] Truth in thought, word, and deed.
+
+[144] Read, Nishpatata.
+
+[145] Nilapandu, mottled blue and white. The Hindu penance is to be
+between five fires: four on earth and the sun above. V. Manu, vi. 23.
+
+[146] The sign of a vow.
+
+[147] (a) Bark garment; (b) bark of trees.
+
+[148] (a) Girdle. V. Manu, ii. 42; (b) mountain slope.
+
+[149] Or, the moon.
+
+[150] Or, with.
+
+[151] (a) Kripa = compassion; (b) Kripa was the teacher of Acvatthama,
+or Drauni.
+
+[152] Or, Virgo, Cervus, the Pleiads and Draco.
+
+[153] (a) Having twilight drunk up; (b) having many faults eradicated.
+
+[154] Rajas = (a) dust; (b) passion.
+
+[155] In performance of a vow. V. Manu, vi. 23.
+
+[156] Or, 'of the demon Naraka,' slain by Krishna. Harivamca--, 122.
+
+[157] Or, had stars tawny at the junction of night and day.
+
+[158] Lit., (a) Holding all his passions in firm restraint; (b)
+having the axle of its wheels firm.
+
+[159] Lit., (a) He had a body wasted by secret performance of penance;
+(b) he brought to nought the enemies' plans of battle by secret
+counsel and by his army.
+
+[160] Or, having caves with whirlpools and the circles of shells
+oblique.
+
+[161] Or, quays.
+
+[162] (a) Perhaps Pushkara, the place of pilgrimage in Ajmere;
+(b) lotus-grove.
+
+[163] (a) Having entrance into great halls; (b) being absorbed
+in Brahma.
+
+[164] Or, salvation.
+
+[165] Or, inflicted punishment; or, though intent on the Sama veda,
+he was yet a dandi; i.e., an ascetic who despises ritual.
+
+[166] Having beautiful matted locks.
+
+[167] (a) Having no left eye; (b) having no crooked glances.
+
+[168] R. V., x. 190.
+
+[169] Another kind of bread-tree.
+
+[170] The Commentary explains it as 'Veda.'
+
+[171] The tridandaka or three staves of the mendicant Brahman who
+has resigned the world.
+
+[172] Or, impassioned glances.
+
+[173] (a) Moulting; (b) partisanship.
+
+[174] Bala = (a) hair; (b) children.
+
+[175] Rama, woman.
+
+[176] Cakuni = (a) a bird; (b) Duryodhana's uncle.
+
+[177] Vayu = (a) wind; (b) breath.
+
+[178] (a) Teeth; (b) Brahmans.
+
+[179] Or, dullness.
+
+[180] Or, seeking prosperity.
+
+[181] Or, seek enjoyment.
+
+[182] Or good fortune.
+
+[183] The Garhapatya, Dakshina, and Ahavaniya fires.
+
+[184] Proverbial phrase for clearness.
+
+[185] Vishnu Purana, vi., ch. 3, 'The seven solar rays dilate to
+seven suns, and set the three worlds on fire.'
+
+[186] Lit., 'is leader of.'
+
+[187] Or, caprice.
+
+[188] Vishnu Purana, i., 123.
+
+[189] Semi-divine beings dwelling between the earth and the sun.
+
+[190] Tara = (a) stars; (b) wife of Brihaspati, carried away by
+the moon.
+
+[191] (a) "Wife of the sage Vacishtha; (b) the morning star.
+
+[192] (a) Constellation; (b) staff borne during a vow.
+
+[193] (a) Constellation; (b) roots for the hermits' food.
+
+[194] Or, constellation.
+
+[195] Civa.
+
+[196] Caste.
+
+[197] Friends.
+
+[198] I.e., king, minister, and energy.
+
+[199] Or, misfortune.
+
+[200] An ordeal.
+
+[201] An ordeal.
+
+[202] (a) Clearing of the waters after the rainy season; (b) ordeal
+of poison.
+
+[203] (a) Magic; (b) practice of Yoga.
+
+[204] (a) Lit., 'tearing out of eyes;' (b) slaughter of the demon
+Taraka by Kartikeya.
+
+[205] A star in the Scorpion's tail.
+
+[206] Seizing of tribute.
+
+[207] Or, having his body united. V. Dowson, 'Classical Dictionary.'
+
+[208] Having fortresses subdued.
+
+[209] These are teachers of the gods and heroes.
+
+[210] Vishnu.
+
+[211] Lit., 'firm.'
+
+[212] (a) The gods; (b) love.
+
+[213] Four was the number of the oceans and of the arms of Narayana.
+
+[214] The divine mothers, or personified energies of the chief deities.
+
+[215] Wife of Cukanasa.
+
+[216] Summary of pp. 141-155.
+
+[217] Or, Ananga, name of Kama.
+
+[218] Since he can only give it the name, not the substance or
+meaning. Kumara = (a) name of Kartikeya; (b) prince.
+
+[219] Kama.
+
+[220] Summary of pp. 176-189.
+
+[221] Lit., 'sew him to himself.'
+
+[222] Summary of pp. 190, 191.
+
+[223] Summary of p. 193.
+
+[224] Carabha, a fabulous animal supposed to have eight legs, and to
+dwell in the snowy mountains.
+
+[225] (a) Many sins; (b) twilight.
+
+[226] Lit., (a) climbs trees; (b) protects parasites.
+
+[227] (a) Showing the elevation of many men; (b) rising in stature
+to the height of many men.
+
+[228] Or, arrogance.
+
+[229] Or, stupidity.
+
+[230] Or, wealth.
+
+[231] Or, ill-fortune.
+
+[232] Balam = (a) strength; (b) army. Laghuma = (a) lightness;
+(b) triviality.
+
+[233] Vigrahavati = (a) having a body; (b) full of strife.
+
+[234] Purushottama, i.e., Vishnu.
+
+[235] The rainy season sends away the hamsas.
+
+[236] Lit., their limbs fail them.
+
+[237] Which have a strong scent.
+
+[238] Men having throbbing eyes.
+
+[239] (a) A noble man; (b) fire.
+
+[240] Or, drink.
+
+[241] Or, taxes.
+
+[242] Like Vishnu.
+
+[243] Like Civa.
+
+[244] Lit., 'inlaid.'
+
+[245] Or, kesara flowers.
+
+[246] Recaka, so commentary.
+
+[247] Both trees of paradise.
+
+[248] The quarter of Catakratu or Indra.
+
+[249] All auspicious signs. Cakra is (a) a quoit; (b) a cakravaka.
+
+[250] (a) A demon; (b) the heron.
+
+[251] For the love of snakes for the breeze, V. Raghuvamca, XIII.,
+12, and Buddhacarita, I., 44. Snakes are sometimes called vayubaksha.
+
+[252] The following reference to Thomas Bell's 'History of British
+Quadrupeds' was given by Mr. S. B. Charlesworth. 'Writing about the
+deer of our parks (p. 404) he (Bell) quotes Playford's "Introduction to
+Music" as follows: "Travelling some years since, I met on the road near
+Royston a herd of about twenty deer following a bagpipe and violin,
+which while the music played went forward. When it ceased they all
+stood still, and in this manner they were brought out of Yorkshire
+to Hampton Court."' V. supra, pp. 40, 79.
+
+[253] Meghaduta, 38.
+
+[254] The dvipas are continents separated from each other by
+oceans. The Cvetadvipa, or White Continent, is, according to Weber,
+suggested by Alexandria. V. 'Indische Studien,' I., 400; II., 397, 398.
+
+[255] Dvandva, a pair of opposites, as, e.g., pleasure and pain.
+
+[256] (a) Brilliant; (b) Durga.
+
+[257] Summary of p. 277.
+
+[258] The Commentary says: 'A house is whitened to welcome anyone. The
+face (or mouth) is the dwelling of Sarasvati.'
+
+[259] Mandara, one of the trees of Paradise.
+
+[260] The month June-July.
+
+[261] Staff.
+
+[262] (a) A tilaka, or mark of ashes; (b) abundance of tilaka trees
+white with blossoms.
+
+[263] Read Kaucalasya.
+
+[264] Cf. 'Dulce rudimentum meditantis lilia quondam naturae, cum
+sese opera ad majora pararet.'--Rapin, on the convolvulus. V. Hallam,
+'Hist. of Lit.,' Pt. iv., ch. v.
+
+[265] Vishnu Purana, Wilson, 1865, vol. ii., p. 297.
+
+[266] Son of Kuvera.
+
+[267] The coral tree.
+
+[268] Or, virtue.
+
+[269] 'In the arya metre,' in the Sanskrit.
+
+[270] Manasijanma = (a) born in the Manasa lake; (b) born in the mind,
+i.e., love. Muktalata = (a) a white creeper; (b) a pearl necklace.
+
+[271] Scilicet, in the day.
+
+[272] Turbid with (a) dust; (b) passion.
+
+[273] The Vishnu Purana, Bk. vi., ch. iii., mentions seven suns.
+
+[274] The asterism Rohini.
+
+[275] Utkalika = (a) wave; (b) longing.
+
+[276] Or, hand.
+
+[277] Hands.
+
+[278] Feet.
+
+[279] Hands.
+
+[280] Candracandala (lit., 'base-born moon') is intended as an
+assonance.
+
+[281] Purnapatra, a basket of gifts to be scrambled for at a wedding.
+
+[282] I.e., the row of pearls given by Mahacveta.
+
+[283] Omit, priyajanavicvasavacanani.
+
+[284] Read, parityakta.
+
+[285] Read, antare.
+
+[286] Gocirsha, a kind of fragrant sandal.
+
+[287] V. Vishnu Purana, Bk. i., ch. iii. (For the description of
+Brahma's night.)
+
+[288]
+
+    Tatah Saindhavako raja kshudras, tata, Jayadrathah,
+    Varadanena Rudrasya sarvan nah samavarayat.
+
+
+('Then the vile Sindh kinglet, Jayadratha, through the boon conferred
+by Rudra, O my son, kept us all back.')--Mahabharata, vii., 2574.
+
+[289] Harivamca, 4906.
+
+[290] The cakora, or Greek partridge, was said to have its eyes turned
+red in the presence of poison.
+
+[291] Madira, intoxicating, bewitching; so called because her eyes
+were madirah.
+
+[292] Daksha cursed the moon with consumption at the appeal of his
+forty-nine daughters, the moon's wives, who complained of his special
+favour to the fiftieth sister.
+
+[293] Lit., 'without cause.'
+
+[294] Lit., 'going by machinery.'
+
+[295] Trees of paradise.
+
+[296] A pun on pida, grief.
+
+[297] A pun on pida, a chaplet.
+
+[298] Read irshyam, vyatham, and rosham, as the Calcutta edition.
+
+[299] 'All the rasas,' the ten emotions of love, fear, etc., enumerated
+by writers on rhetoric.
+
+[300] Because water was poured out to ratify a gift.
+
+[301] Bhashita, literally, 'addressed by'; or read, bhavita, 'entering
+into the spirit of.'
+
+[302] Read nirdakshinyaya.
+
+[303] A bundle of peacock feathers waved by the conjuror to bewilder
+the audience.
+
+[304] The dark blue of the bees was like the blue veil worn by women
+going to meet their lovers.
+
+[305] This passage is condensed.
+
+[306] Read musho.
+
+[307] I.e., 'relic,' or 'remaining.'
+
+[308] Read Mahacvetam.
+
+[309] Cf. 'Harsha Carita' (Bombay edition, p. 272),
+'Paramecvarottamangapatadurlalitangam'.
+
+[310] Read Kumudamayya.
+
+[311] A tree of paradise.
+
+[312] Tali, a kind of palm; Kandala, a plantain.
+
+[313] Or, reading avirala, thick coming.
+
+[314] The Vishnu Purana, Bk. ii., ch. ii., calls Mandara the Mountain
+of the East; Gandhamadana, of the South; Vipula, of the West; and
+Suparcva, of the North.
+
+[315] Father of Kuvera.
+
+[316] Brahma.
+
+[317] A phrase denoting readiness to obey. V. supra, p. 15.
+
+[318] Pouring water into the hand was the confirmation of a
+gift. V. supra, p. 150.
+
+[319] Transpose iti.
+
+[320] Hybiscus mutabilis changes colour thrice a day.
+
+[321] Or, at a wrong time.
+
+[322] Remove the stop after asyah and Candrapidah, and place one
+after gantum.
+
+[323] 'It is not allowed by her favour to move.'
+
+[324] Read suhridapi gantavyam, 'his friend must go.'
+
+[325] Or, sampanna, 'full-grown, having fruit and flowers,' according
+to the commentary.
+
+[326] Read khinne.
+
+[327] Read prasadanam.
+
+[328] Read  deg.janat, etc.
+
+[329] V. supra, p. 12, where the robes of the chiefs are torn by
+their ornaments in their hasty movements.
+
+[330] Paravaca iva, or, 'with mind enslaved to other thoughts.'
+
+[331] Read garigasi.
+
+[332] The Jamuna is a common comparison for blue or green.
+
+[333] Placing a stop after gaditum instead of after nihcesham.
+
+[334] An allusion to the idea that the acoka would bud when touched
+by the foot of a beautiful woman.
+
+[335] Anubandha, one of the four necessary conditions in writing. (a)
+Subject-matter; (b) purpose; (c) relation between subject treated
+and its end; (d) competent person to hear it.-- V. 'Vedanta Sara.,'
+p. 2-4; 'Vacaspatya Dictionary.'
+
+[336] 'Manu,' ix., 90.
+
+[337] I.e., the down on the body rises from joy (a common idea in
+Sanskrit writers), and holds the robe on its points.
+
+[338] Read, Samdicanti, and place the stop after svayam instead of
+after samdicanti.
+
+[339] I.e., awake a sleeping lion.
+
+[340] Or, 'wine.'
+
+[341] Bhushanabhatta, after these introductory lines, continues
+Patralekha's account of Kadambari's speech, and completes the story.
+
+[342] I.e., Patralekha.
+
+[343] Literally, 'that forest of creepers, sc. maidens.'
+
+[344] So commentary.
+
+[345] Avanti is the province of which Ujjayini is the capital. For
+the Divine Mothers, V. supra, p. 56.
+
+[346] V. supra, pp. 19, 20, 47.
+
+[347] A king of the solar race.
+
+[348] V. supra, p. 6.
+
+[349] Read ashtanam api Vasunam.
+
+[350] The commentary says 'mother' is said to a daughter-in-law,
+just as tata, 'father,' is said to a son.
+
+[351] The parrot's own history is now continued from p. 47.
+
+[352] The commentary explains these as Indra, Yama, Varuna, Soma
+and Kuvera. The Calcutta translation apparently translates a reading
+mahabhutani.
+
+[353] As the betrothed of Mahacveta, who was of the moon-race of
+Apsarases.
+
+[354] For gandharva marriage, v. Manu., iii. 32.
+
+[355] Cf. M. Arnold:
+
+
+    'Ah, where the spirit its highest life hath led,
+    All spots, match'd with that spot, are less divine.'
+
+
+[356] Apunarukta, 'without tautology.'
+
+[357] Civa.
+
+[358] Fiends attendant on Civa.
+
+[359] Vide p. 98.
+
+[360] Or, with fishes.
+
+[361] Or, light.
+
+[362] Literally (a) whose wealth is crores of rupees; (b) in the case
+of the moon, 'whose essence is in its horns.'
+
+[363] (a) Partizanship; (b) cutting of pinions. When the rest of the
+mountains lost their wings, Mainaka escaped.
+
+[364] Or, padma, 1000 billions.
+
+[365] Or, emeralds.
+
+[366] Or, rogues.
+
+[367] Or, granaries.
+
+[368] Or, learned.
+
+[369] Or, though full of energy, they fear their enemies.
+
+[370] Or, liberal.
+
+[371] V. Sahitya-Darpana, 641.
+
+[372] Ibid., 568.
+
+[373] Or, offering gifts.
+
+[374] Or, containing pine-trees.
+
+[375] Or, attentive to women.
+
+[376] Brother of Rama and Bharata.
+
+[377] Or, their friends.
+
+[378] Or, of the Sarvastivadin School (a subdivision of the Vaibhashika
+Buddhists).
+
+[379] Or, matter and spirit.
+
+[380] Or, lotus-hued.
+
+[381] In the case of Civa, 'loud laughter, bright as nectar.'
+
+[382] It has treasure vaults.
+
+[383] Or, keeping its covenants firm.
+
+[384] Or, houses whitened with ivory and cowries.
+
+[385] Or, having splendid mountains always at hand.
+
+[386] Or, false.
+
+[387] Or, gold pieces.
+
+[388] (a) Demon; (b) golden dice.
+
+[389] Or, rogues.
+
+[390] Or, the sporting of King Bala.
+
+[391] Though the free intercourse with women is allowed, it is of
+irreproachable conduct.
+
+[392] Its castes are loved.
+
+[393] Vihara (a) without necklaces; (b) having temples.
+
+[394] Having many citizens.
+
+[395] Then follows: 'There--demons,' p. 47, l. 18.
+
+[396] Follows p. 48, l. 17, 'gay.'
+
+[397] Read  deg.kulaih; (a) Kings; (b) mountains.
+
+[398] Loss of dependencies; or, loss of wings.
+
+[399] Or, by the star Budha.
+
+[400] Or, his body was destroyed.
+
+[401] Or, Sumitra, wife of Dacaratha.
+
+[402] Or, by the 'Lord of Battles,' i.e., Kartikeya.
+
+[403] Or, was honoured for his patience.
+
+[404] (a) A great family; (b) a great bamboo from which the river is
+said to rise.
+
+[405] V. supra, p. 162.
+
+[406] Read lavanga.
+
+[407] A monkey chief.
+
+[408] The figures refer to the page and line of the Nirnaya-Sagara
+edition of Kadambari.
+
+[409] Passages marked * are condensed, and only occasional phrases
+are translated.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+End of Project Gutenberg's The Kadambari of Bana, by Bana and Bhushanabhatta
+
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