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diff --git a/41109.txt b/41109.txt deleted file mode 100644 index 0f1bfb5..0000000 --- a/41109.txt +++ /dev/null @@ -1,2742 +0,0 @@ -The Project Gutenberg eBook, Admiral Jellicoe, by Arthur Applin - - -This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with -almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or -re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included -with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org - - - - - -Title: Admiral Jellicoe - - -Author: Arthur Applin - - - -Release Date: October 19, 2012 [eBook #41109] - -Language: English - -Character set encoding: ISO-646-US (US-ASCII) - - -***START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK ADMIRAL JELLICOE*** - - -E-text prepared by sp1nd, Matthew Wheaton, and the Online Distributed -Proofreading Team (http://www.pgdp.net) from page images generously made -available by Internet Archive (http://archive.org) - - - -Note: Project Gutenberg also has an HTML version of this - file which includes the original illustrations. - See 41109-h.htm or 41109-h.zip: - (http://www.gutenberg.org/files/41109/41109-h/41109-h.htm) - or - (http://www.gutenberg.org/files/41109/41109-h.zip) - - - Images of the original pages are available through the - Internet Archive. See - http://archive.org/details/admiraljellicoe00appl - - - - - -ADMIRAL JELLICOE - -by - -ARTHUR APPLIN - - - +-----------------------------------------------------------------+ - | ADMIRAL JELLICOE | - | | - | | - | _UNIFORM WITH THIS VOLUME_ | - | | - | | - | Lord Roberts: | - | | - | THE STORY OF HIS LIFE | - | | - | By ROY VICKERS | - | | - | "A thrilling tale of the adventures of the Great | - | Field-Marshal.... Well written and makes a suitable gift | - | book." | - | --DAILY CALL. | - | | - | | - | Also at 1/6 net | - | | - | Lord Kitchener: | - | | - | THE STORY OF HIS LIFE | - | | - | By HORACE G. GROSER | - | | - | "An excellent life ... giving just the information the | - | general reader requires, and its perusal enables | - | everyone to understand the great part Lord Kitchener | - | has played in recent history." | - | --THE FIELD. | - +-----------------------------------------------------------------+ - - -[Illustration: SIR JOHN JELLICOE AS CAPTAIN] - - -ADMIRAL JELLICOE - -by - -ARTHUR APPLIN - - - - - - - -London -C. Arthur Pearson Ltd. -Henrietta Street, W.C. -1915 - - - - -CONTENTS - - - CHAPTER - I. THE BOY AND THE MAN - II. EARLY DAYS ON THE "BRITANNIA" - III. CADET--MIDSHIPMAN--LIEUTENANT - IV. THE SINKING OF THE "VICTORIA" - V. THE BOXER RISING IN CHINA - VI. THE SPIRIT OF DRAKE - VII. AS ORGANISER - VIII. VICE-ADMIRAL - IX. 1911-1913 - X. SUPREME ADMIRAL OF THE HOME FLEETS - - - - -FOREWORD - - -In trying to chronicle the events in Admiral Sir John Jellicoe's life -one is faced with many difficulties, the greatest of which is that -hitherto his most important battles have been fought on land, behind -closed doors and, as far as the public is concerned, in the dark. - -Although Sir John Jellicoe has seen active service in Egypt and in -China, has sailed his ships on many seas and gone down into the Valley -of the Shadow on no fewer than three occasions, he has nevertheless -managed to give valuable years to the Admiralty on shore; and it was -during the periods when he became successively Assistant Director of -Naval Ordnance, Naval Assistant to the Controller of Navy, Director of -Naval Ordnance and Controller of the Navy that his most valuable work -was done. - -Another important position behind the scenes which he filled was that -of Superintendent of the building of ships of war in private as well -as in Royal Dockyards. - -The object of this little book is better to acquaint the general -public with the man who stands with his hand at the helm of the Ship -of England's destiny, the ship in which we must all sink or swim. -Never since the days of Nelson has such a responsibility been vested -in one man. Never in the history, not only of our Empire, but of the -world, has the issue of the fight for sea power and supremacy been so -vital, so tremendous. - -What our ships and sailors have accomplished in the past gives us hope -for the future, and courage to wait in the silence of the long night -that now hides England and her defenders from one another. - -But above all we are confident, because we have faith in the man who -was sent us with the hour; the man on whom the cloak of the Emir of -the Sea--"Emir-al-Bahr"--has fallen. - -That this brief sketch of the Sea Lord and his career is altogether -unworthy of him I am quite aware. My apology for offering it to the -public must be that it is the first attempt to give any coherent -account of his life that has been made. A life, as I have already -pointed out, which has been lived behind the scenes, devoted to duty, -careless of opinion, fearful of applause. - -For the details of his career and a brief outline of the work he has -done I am indebted to his wife, Lady Jellicoe, who most kindly placed -at my disposal the few chronicles she possessed of his services, and -gave me all the help she could in my task even to the extent of -reading the MSS. of the volume before it was set up in type. - A. A. - - - - -ADMIRAL JELLICOE - - - - -CHAPTER I - -THE BOY--AND THE MAN - - -If Admiral Sir John Jellicoe had been born in 1858 instead of a year -later, he would have first opened his eyes on this now sorely troubled -world on the Centenary of Nelson's natal day. - -But the gods timed his arrival exactly one hundred and one years -later, and it was on the cold and blustering dawn of December the 5th, -1859, that Captain John H. Jellicoe was informed of the happy event. -How happy for the Empire, as well as for himself and his wife, the -gallant Captain little dreamed at the time. - -Southampton was Jellicoe's birthplace, and he came of the race that -the sea breeds. His father, who only died in the autumn of 1914 at the -age of ninety, was Commodore of the Royal Mail Steam Packet Company -until he retired from active service at the age of seventy -years--still a young man. He then became a director of the Company and -took an active part in its affairs almost until the day of his death. - -Though as British as the seas which christened the Admiral of the -Fleet and the Guardian of our Empire, Sir John Jellicoe's name is -derived from the French, and it is probable that the family originally -was of French extraction:--"Admiral Sir John Jellicoe serait, paraite -il d'origine francaise, et descendrait d'une famille protestante -emigree a la Revocation de l'edit de Nantes, et son Nom indiquerait son -origine. Jellicoe serait une sorte de contraction de Angelycois, nom -des habitants de St. Jean d'Angely." - -Gentilcorps--anglicized Noblebody--would be the modern French -equivalent. There is an English surname somewhat similar, -"Handsomebody," a name that was found on the Honours List some five or -six years ago. Jellicorse is another form of Sir John's name, and it -is doubtless from this that one of the nicknames has been derived -which is popular among the men of the Fleet--Jellymould. - -Admiral Patton, Second Sea Lord at the time of the Battle of -Trafalgar, was Jellicoe's great grandfather; it is something of a -coincidence that at the outbreak of the present World-War Admiral -Jellicoe was also Second Sea Lord. Jellicoe's youngest daughter is -called Prudence Patton, and Prudence Patton served King Charles II. -faithfully in the troubles and wars that filled that unfortunate -monarch's reign. - -Like all popular men in the Service--with the sole exception of -Admiral May, who, though loved and respected by everyone, has, like -the Springtime, been always "May"--Sir John can boast a multitude of -nicknames. - -"Jacky-Oh!" "Hell Fire Jack!" (owing to the revolution he made in -Naval gunnery), "All-Jelly" (reminiscent of Epsom Race Course on Derby -Day, but again due probably to the deadly effect of his ship's -gunnery), "The Little Admiral" (this in polite society), "Silent Jack" -and "Dreadnought Jack." - -Jellicoe, as everyone connected with the Navy knows, was a -Dreadnought man, and one of Lord Fisher's most enthusiastic pupils. - -The nickname most in favour in the "forecastle" for Sir John is Hell -Fire Jack, yet there is nothing of the fire-eating commander or the -bold buccaneer in Admiral Jellicoe's personal appearance. He was -always a little boy--his mother and father's "little boy," without a -doubt--and, physically, he is a little man. Nelson might have been -able to give him half an inch in height. And it is worth remembering -that the majority of great leaders of men have been small of stature, -from Julius Caesar to Napoleon, Domville, Sir John French or the late -great little Lord Roberts. - -Marat was insignificant to look at, and the Kaiser, in his socks, -hardly suggests the leader of the Race of Nietzsche's Great Blonde -Beasts. - -Not only does Jellicoe lack inches, but Nature built him on the lean, -light pattern, yet hard as well-tempered steel. He possesses a vast -amount of vitality and reserve force. - -Time has given his bright, piercing eyes shrewdness and kindliness; -they are the eyes of a man who, while he is willing to give all, -demands all--or nothing--from those who serve. His nose is long and -adventurous rather than Napoleonic. - -Quiet as a boy, he has less to say as a man when he is at work. But -among his intimate friends he has the reputation of a brilliant -conversationalist and a wit, and when Jellicoe speaks those about him -listen. At sea he has not the usual flow of highly-coloured language -generally associated with those who go down to the sea in ships. A -small vocabulary has always sufficed him. His mouth is remarkable; the -thin, lightly-compressed lips suggest determination and severity; but -they turn up at the corners in a curious way, and one feels -instinctively that the disciplinarian has a delicious sense of humour. - -Sir John has an elder brother, who is in the Church; beyond a general -family likeness there seems little resemblance between the two men. It -is enough that the life of each has been given to the services of his -God and his Country. - -Jellicoe's sister, on the other hand, bears a quite remarkable -likeness to the "Little Admiral." The same keen, flashing eyes, -adventurous nose and firm mouth--a trifle more tender of course, but -with the same delightful suggestion of fun lurking at the corners. - -One day, not so very long ago, Miss Jellicoe and a friend had stopped -at a street corner to watch a pavement artist at work. He had just -completed a picture of the Kaiser, a not too flattering one, and he -was busy on the outlines of another picture. - -As the portrait progressed beneath his chalky fingers the man -occasionally sat upright and surveyed his work and gave a sly chuckle. - -A minute or two later the "Little Admiral's" sister--who is as modest -and retiring as her brother--started and gave a cry of embarrassment. -A small boy, also watching the work of the pavement artist, had nudged -her: - -"He's a drawing of yer picture, Miss!" - -And so apparently he was. There, in bold chalky outlines, were the -adventurous nose, the bright eyes, the humorous mouth. - -Miss Jellicoe tried to escape through the gathering crowd. - -"'er portrait," shouted the artist in disgusted tones. "Not likely! -Carn't you recognize Hell Fire Jack, you idjit--him as is going ter -give the Road 'Og here a early mornin' dip in the North Sea!" - -If he had glanced at Miss Jellicoe he might have received a shock--and -been able to congratulate himself on the cleverness of his portrait. - -But she fled. - -In Sir John Jellicoe one realizes a man, something infinitely greater -than the human machine beloved of the Prussian Military Caste. A man, -human and humane; devoid of fear, with an unbreakable will. Those -gentle eyes can flame and the quiet voice thrill when a command is -issued, though he seldom raises it above the ordinary conversational -tone. - -Probably no one really knows Admiral Jellicoe but his men. And the -Navy likes to keep her heroes to herself. She does not talk about -them: they are one of her secrets. She kept Nelson to herself, and no -one talked about him--beyond the quarter deck or outside the -forecastle--until after his death. Then the sea gave up her secret and -entrusted the memory of one of England's greatest heroes to her -keeping. - -And to-day the sea has given us Jellicoe. Just in time--lest we -forget. - - - - -CHAPTER II - -EARLY DAYS ON THE "BRITANNIA" - - -Jellicoe commenced his education at a small school at Rottingdean. -near Brighton, and though he was considered a bright little lad, he -did not attract any more attention than the other boys. In -holiday-time he loved nothing better than to be left alone in the -company of his father and to hear from him the wonders of the Deep, -and tales of the distant lands of Romance and Mystery which he had -visited. - -One can picture the big bronzed sailor and his little son walking -about the lovely Isle of Wight watching the coming and going of the -ships, and sniffing the salt of the breeze that flung the savour and -thrill of unconquerable oceans against the shores of her faithful -lover England; Little Jellicoe eagerly questioning Big Jellicoe; and -Big Jellicoe recounting inexhaustible yarns and seaman's tales that -would have delighted the heart of and inspired Stevenson himself. - -It was thus, on the shores of the Isle of Wight, and on the quays and -docks of Southampton, in communion with his father and the sea, that -the seeds of adventure and patriotism were first sown in Jellicoe's -heart--destined to flourish into such a rich harvest for his country. - -There is a little story told of Master Jack soon after he learned to -toddle which shows that his character was forming even at that early -age. - -"Jacky" had a habit of running ahead of his nurse and suddenly darting -across the road. The spirit of adventure; probably he was ambitious to -be a boy scout. Eventually, finding that warnings were not heeded, the -nurse told him that when she saw a policeman she would ask the -Representative of Law and Order to take him away and put him in -prison. - -Presently a policeman appeared on the horizon of the pavement. - -"Now, Master Jacky, you'd better behave yourself!" the nurse whispered -warningly. - -But young Jellicoe was not the least afraid of the man in blue. He -advanced to meet him and solemnly looked him up and down. - -"Nurse says you're to take me in charge," he announced. - -The constable, taken aback, smiled and asked the nature of the -"Charge." - -"Disobeying orders," was Master Jack's reply. "And I say, policeman, -what ripping buttons you've got on your uniform!" - -Jellicoe never knew fear or favour. But evidently as a youngster he -realized the meaning of discipline and order. - -In telling this little incident the nurse is reported to have said -that Master Jacky was extremely disgusted when the policeman refused -to take him away and lock him up. - -Maybe he thought that the policeman ought to have been reported for -not doing his duty. - -At twelve years of age young Jellicoe left the Rottingdean school, and -it was then that Captain Jellicoe decided his boy should have his -chance in the Royal Navy, instead of following in his footsteps and -entering the Mercantile Marine. - -So he went up for his preliminary examination and passed into the old -Training Ship _Britannia_ with flying colours. From this moment there -was no stopping young Jellicoe. As an Instructor tersely remarked, "He -was a holy terror"--but not in the sense which that expression is -generally meant to convey. - -He was just as quiet and well-disciplined a boy as he has been since -he grew to manhood's estate. But he was "a holy terror" for work. - -Any sort of work. - -To whatever he put his hand--or his mind--he accomplished. At this -period he is described by one who knew him as being short, thin but -wiry, rather pale, with large determined mouth and nose, and a pair of -extraordinarily bright eyes. - -In spite of his aptitude for mental work (the first year or two on the -_Britannia_ is taken up with as much "book learning" as "boat -learning"), there was nothing of the bookworm about young Jellicoe, -and the most fierce youthful opponent of "swotting" could never have -accused him of priggishness. - -He was just born with a desire for knowledge and an aptitude for -obtaining it without apparent effort. - -At the same time he was as keen as any other boy on games. In spite of -his diminutive inches he was useful with the gloves; he could swim -like a fish; he was a good all-round cricketer, and a very deadly -left-hand bowler. He is still a splendid "oar," a first-class rifle -shot, and on a grouse moor he lets very few birds "get away." - -His great game, however, turned out to be racquets, and even to-day it -would be difficult to find a man to equal him on the courts. At tennis -he is almost equally good, and he can give points to the average -amateur. It was during a game of tennis at home one day that Jellicoe -showed his delightful sense of humour and love of fun, peculiar to -sailor-men, proving the truth of the old saying that the greatest men -can also be the greatest children. - -Just as a "set" had been finished sounds of a fierce quarrel came from -the other side of the shrubbery. Strange oaths rent the air. Obviously -tramps fighting over their ill-gotten gains! Sir John immediately -disappeared to reconnoitre with one or two friends. They were absent a -long time, and just as Lady Jellicoe was beginning to feel anxious, -her husband appeared, limping, supported by one of his guests, his -head and face swathed in bandages. - -The tramps had evidently shown fight, and a terrific encounter had -taken place. Sir John was overwhelmed with sympathy for his wounds and -congratulations for his victory. For quite a long time Jellicoe kept -up the illusion that he had been "in action." - -As a matter of fact, the tramps had bolted without giving the Little -Admiral even a sight of their heels. - -Not so very long after this Jellicoe himself was fooling the "Blue," -or defending fleet during Naval manoeuvres by disguising his ships -as (sea-going) "tramps" and succeeded in eluding their vigilance and -raiding an English port! - -Probably Sir John learnt a few of his "tricks" during those early days -on the _Britannia_. - -The _Britannia_, with her sister ship the _Hindustani_, are no longer -used as Training Ships for the Royal Navy, and though the fine modern -College on the hill overlooking the River Dart is doubtless healthier -and more suitable in many ways, there was a glamour about the famous -old Boat that a College can never possess. - -Jellicoe was fortunate, therefore, in receiving his training on the -seasoned oak timbers of a gallant ship in the midst of the waters, -instead of in the modern nicely-arranged and hygienic edifice on -shore, which was built a few years ago, and which took the place of -the ancient Man-o'-War. - -Always ready for work or play, he excelled at both, and was popular -with everyone. From the very outset of his career he was "marked" as a -boy who would achieve something great in the future. - - - - -CHAPTER III - -CADET--MIDSHIPMAN--LIEUTENANT - - -Jellicoe's life on H.M.S. _Britannia_ was an interesting and varied -one. Probably he looks back on the years spent in what has been aptly -called "The Cradle of our Sea Kings" as the best years of his life. He -joined at a very interesting period, too, just when the -Franco-Prussian War was raging most fiercely. - -For a healthy lad life on the _Britannia_ must have been an ideal -existence. Of course there were hardships, doubtless greater ones -forty years ago than there are now. Hardships find out the weak spots -in humanity--mental as well as physical. Hardships make men. - -Discipline is strict in the Navy, stricter than in the sister Service, -but it is of a different kind. Sailors see life from a quite different -standpoint from that from which soldiers look at it. In the old days -there was a great deal of brutality in the Navy, but with it, at the -same time, a great comradeship--a deep understanding of human nature. -To-day brutality has practically disappeared, but the deep -understanding of human nature remains, and with it brotherly love. - -A sailor's ship becomes his home, and happy as was young Jellicoe in -his father's house in Southampton, his heart was soon centred in the -_Britannia_ and the ever-varying round of work and play which used to -keep the cadets busy from morning to night. - -Captain W. Graham was in command of the _Britannia_ during the greater -part of the period Jellicoe served his apprenticeship to the sea--from -1874 to 1877. - -Turning-out at sunrise and turning-in soon after sunset; parade, swim, -drill, preparation; classes, ranging from Latin to Algebra, from -gunnery to rope-splicing--this is a rough idea of a day on the -training ship in the early 'eighties. - -An old musty boat may not have been the healthiest place for a growing -boy from a fond mother's and a modern physician's point of view, but -the breeze which swept up the silvery Dart from the English Channel -and whistled through her rigging and portholes was stimulating and -life-giving. - -The _Britannia_ still lies at her old moorings, between the little -village of Dittisham and Dartmouth town, with Kingswear, the terminus -of the Great Western Railway, on the left. The Dart is one of the most -beautiful and romantic of English rivers. It rises only about a score -of miles away from Dartmouth, right on the moorland, in a wilderness -of gorse and heather. - -It rushes through the granite-strewn valleys, past the glorious wooded -banks of Holne Chase, roaring and tumbling until it reaches Totnes. -Here its wild course is stopped with startling abruptness; from a -foaming shallow trout stream it is turned into a stately river--broad, -deep and calm. But the waters still carry the colour of the peat and -the scent of the heather; the hills still rise from the mossy banks -carpeted with daffodils and primroses in spring. And right down to the -sea itself, thatch-roofed cottages, stately houses and ruined castles -peer through the foliage. - -Dartmouth is noted for three things--its cockles and plums from -Dittisham, its orchards and its annual Regatta, which in Jellicoe's -day was famous throughout the world. - -The author has it from the best authority that young Jellicoe joined -in some of the successful raids on the aforesaid orchards, that he -tasted and approved of Dittisham plums and cockles, and it is more -than likely that he attended the Regatta, which, from a boy's point of -view, as well as that of many grown-ups, was most attractive as a -Fair. - -At the end of Jack Jellicoe's first year on the _Britannia_ he showed -his instructor and his fellow-cadets the kind of stuff of which he was -made. He was quiet, unassuming, yet always ready for work, and equally -ready to take his place in the cricket eleven, or to put in a little -practice in the field between the goal-posts. When he came out at the -head of his rivals in the examinations, and got first for every -examination that it was possible for him to pass, he must have -occasioned no inconsiderable surprise. - -Next year much the same thing happened, though, at the same time, -Jellicoe began to develop a _penchant_ for left-hand bowling. He was -useful with an oar, too. On the _Britannia_ every kind of game was -encouraged among the cadets. Of course swimming, shooting, rowing, -sculling and the "gym" came under part of the curriculum. A cadet need -not play cricket or football, but he would probably have a bad time if -he did not. If he wished, he got his chance at tennis and racquets and -bowls; athletic sports were, of course, held regularly. - -Besides the time-honoured paper chase, the _Britannia_ had a pack of -beagles, of which the lieutenant was generally master; the pack is -still in existence to-day. The hounds met, during the season, once or -twice a week, hunting the hillsides, and along the open country from -the cliffs beyond Kingswear, inland, for several miles. Only the -master is mounted, and sometimes he dispenses with his horse; everyone -else is on foot, and, as a cadet remarked, "You have to be pretty -nippy if you want to be in at the death." - -Amidst such surroundings, on one of the oldest ships belonging to His -Majesty on the bosom of England's most beautiful river, John Rushton -Jellicoe's character was developed. At the age of thirteen he found -himself afloat--and he has kept afloat ever since. His ship has in -very truth been his home, for he has always been actively engaged, -and never known--perhaps never wanted--a real rest or a proper -holiday. - -Of course Jellicoe passed out of the _Britannia_ just as he had passed -into her--first of his year by over a hundred marks. During the period -he was on board as midshipman he took nearly all the prizes--though he -was only allowed to keep a selection. But the future Admiral of the -Fleet was not after prizes. He possessed what an old boatswain aptly -described as _a hungry brain_. It is rather surprising that he never -suffered from mental dyspepsia, since in his desire for knowledge he -was absolutely avaricious. In his examination as sub-lieutenant a few -years later, he took no fewer than three "firsts." - -It was not very long before Jellicoe saw active service. He was -appointed to H.M.S. _Agincourt_ in 1881, and was present at the -bombardment of Alexandria. This was in July of 1882, just after the -attacks made on the Europeans in Alexandria, for which Ahmed Arabi was -held responsible. Arabi was then Prime Minister and leader of the -Rebellion against the English. It was he who had heavy guns mounted -on the forts and ordered earthworks to be thrown up for their -protection. - -It is interesting to remember that Kitchener was in Egypt at this -time, on furlough. He, of course, saw that a conflict was inevitable; -and when the great exodus of foreigners from the town took place he -remained behind. - -But his furlough expired and he was due to return home. He applied for -an extension, and obtained it. Meanwhile, the British battleships -waited outside beyond the harbour, among them the _Agincourt_, with -young Jellicoe on board. Arabi continued to strengthen the defences of -Alexandria and to pour troops into the town. - -On July the 10th Arabi received the British Ultimatum; the guns of the -Fleet were trained on the fortifications, and steamers crowded with -people crept out of the harbour, Kitchener on one of them. A few hours -later the first shot was fired by one of the English boats--and -Jellicoe received his baptism of fire. - -The enemy's guns were soon silenced, and Arabi withdrew his forces -inland. But a terrible massacre took place in Alexandria; houses were -pillaged and burnt. Eventually a force of bluejackets and Marines was -landed from the Fleet and order was restored. - -Of course Arabi and his followers retreated. It was realized a big -force would be required to suppress him, and an expedition was fitted -out under the command of Sir Garnet Wolseley, and Kitchener (whose -extension of furlough had again expired, and who ought to have -returned to England) got his chance. - -So it happened that thus early in their careers the two men, -Lieutenant Kitchener, R.E., and Lieutenant Jellicoe, R.N., in whose -hands, jointly, now rests the safety of the British Empire and the -welfare of the world, saw War for the first time and fought for the -first time together. - -For Jellicoe, after taking part in the bombardment of Alexandria, was -fortunate enough to accompany the Naval Brigade which was landed and -marched with Wolseley's troops on Cairo, and fought at Tel-el-Kebir, -where Arabi had strongly entrenched his men. - -The odds against the British forces were about two to one, but early -in September a decisive victory was gained by us, and Arabi's army -routed. For his share in this action Lieutenant Jellicoe was awarded -the Egyptian Medal and the Khedive's Bronze Star. - -It is not recorded whether Jellicoe and Kitchener ever met on the -battlefield, or, if they did, whether they ever spoke. For then, as -now, both were men of few words. - -"He is great," Colonel Taylor said afterwards of Kitchener, "and he is -clever." - -"He don't waste words," was a bluejacket's criticism of Jellicoe, "but -when he does speak, he hits the mark every time." - -Kitchener remained in Egypt--where he was fated to accomplish the -first portion of his life's work for the Empire. Jellicoe returned to -England, and we next hear of him at the Royal Naval College at -Greenwich, where he showed that his "mental appetite" was far from -satiated. He won the L80 special prize for Gunnery Lieutenants; this -was a significant moment in his career. As the world knows, British -Naval Gunnery is unrivalled. It was Jellicoe who helped to place it in -the enviable position it now holds. - -After leaving Greenwich, Jellicoe served on H.M.S. _Monarch_. It was -in May, 1886, while still a lieutenant on this ship, that he nearly -lost his life. Sir John Jellicoe has had three very narrow escapes, -and this was the first. - -The _Monarch_, which had been lying off Gibraltar, went out for target -practice. A stiff breeze was blowing and dirty weather was -experienced. Soon a heavy sea got up, and presently the _Monarch_ -sighted a ship in difficulties; she turned out to be a cargo steamer -from Glasgow, the _Ettrickdale_, and was fast on the rocks, with the -waves breaking over her and threatening to knock her to pieces. The -_Monarch_ had only taken one cutter out with her, her smallest; but -her Commander asked for volunteers to man it, so that an attempt -should be made to rescue the crew of the shipwrecked boat. - -There did not seem to be much chance of the small cutter living in -such an angry sea; but this was the kind of job which appealed to -Lieutenant Jellicoe, who was one of the first to volunteer, and he was -given command of the crew. - -With seven seamen he started on his desperate--almost -hopeless--enterprise. Though the cutter was splendidly managed, she -capsized before the _Ettrickdale_ could be reached, and Jellicoe was -struggling with his men in the boiling waters. - -Marvellous to relate, not a life was lost. More dead than alive, they -all managed to reach the shore. For this attempt at saving life -Jellicoe received a medal. It was given him by the Board of Trade. But -he was not allowed to keep it very long, for he lost it when, in 1887, -he went down with the _Victoria_. Fortunately for England and her -Empire, Jellicoe came up again--but his silver medal did not. - -Presumably the Board of Trade must have heard of the terrible accident -which cost England so many valuable lives and horrified the whole -world; but the officials did not offer to replace Jellicoe's lost -medal, and when he wrote and asked if they could obligingly supply him -with a duplicate, he received a formal reply that he could have one if -he chose to pay for it. - -Up to the present we believe that he has not "paid," and so probably -he is without the silver medal he first won for gallantry. Perhaps -the Board of Trade is still debating whether it would be justified in -going to the expense of providing the Admiral of the British Fleet -with another. - -Mrs. Jellicoe, Sir John's mother, possesses an interesting little -souvenir in the telegram which Jellicoe sent after he had been -rescued, announcing that he was safe-- - - "_Quite safe terrible affair love Jack_." - -This simple message naturally brought great joy and relief to his -father's and mother's hearts. And now the Nation confidently awaits, -with Sir John Jellicoe's family, the receipt at any moment of another -telegram almost similarly worded-- - - "_Quite safe splendid affair love Jack!_" - - - - -CHAPTER IV - -THE SINKING OF THE "VICTORIA" - - -For a short time Jellicoe served as Gunnery-Lieutenant on the -_Colossus_, and then he was appointed Junior Staff Officer of the -_Excellent_ gunnery establishment, under the command of Lord -Fisher--then Captain. - -This meeting between the two men was fortunate for the Junior Officer. -Fisher at once marked down Jellicoe as useful, and so, a few years -later, when he was Director of Naval Ordnance at the Admiralty, it -came to pass that Jellicoe joined Fisher there as his Assistant. - -It was just subsequent to this appointment when Jellicoe was, we -believe, serving as first lieutenant on board the _Sans Pareil_, that -the German Emperor during the Naval Review put in an appearance with -the powerful vessels of his new and comparatively small Navy. Needless -to say, both the Kaiser and his officers, together with their ships, -were of the greatest interest to our men. - -When the Review was over numerous were the discussions and fierce the -arguments which centred around William the Second and his little -fleet. Everyone present from Junior to Senior had something to say, -some criticism to make. - -Everyone except Lieutenant John Jellicoe. He kept his mouth shut and -his eyes open, and he expressed no opinion either on the Kaiser, his -officers or his ships. - -Jellicoe only spent about three years at the Admiralty as Fisher's -assistant, but it was quite enough for the authorities to realize that -he was an efficient and clever officer--a man who knew how to -organize. Captain Fisher found his services invaluable, and as an -"assistant" Jellicoe served him faithfully. - -Jellicoe would probably be the first to admit that during the -comparatively short time he spent at the Admiralty under Fisher he -accumulated a vast amount of knowledge. A friendship sprung up between -the two men, born of respect. Both were enthusiasts; both loved the -Service keenly. Both were ambitious--not for themselves. Neither -sought personal aggrandizement. Their ambitions were noble. It was -natural that both, later on, should meet with opposition. It was -inevitable that the opposition should be overcome. - -A greater contrast than the two men make--the "Little Admiral" and the -"Big Admiral"--it would be difficult to find. Physically, Fisher is of -the bulldog breed beloved of the public. The moment he enters a room -you are conscious of his presence. "Jacky" Fisher exudes vitality; it -surrounds him as a perfume surrounds a pretty woman. He carries it -about with him. His figure is robust; he stands with feet wide apart -and firmly planted. He is very straight up and down; his face is -nearly the colour of mahogany; a large mouth, almost brutal until he -smiles, when it becomes a veritable cavern of humour, and aggressive -eyes that nevertheless shine and almost sparkle beneath big bushy -brows; his hair is silver grey; his hands are titanic and generally -hang loosely by his side, suggestive, and ready for action. - -Physically, the difference between the two men is the difference -between a small smooth-haired terrier and one of Major Richardson's -Irish police dogs. Mentally, there is not much difference, and events -have proved that both possess the same instincts. - -One is the Dreadnought instinct; another, the faith that in action you -must "hit quickly, hit hard, and keep on hitting." A third instinct -might be called the instinct of Silence. They have never attempted to -emulate Lord Charles Beresford or Sir Edward Carson in discharging -fierce literary broadsides. - -Jellicoe was gazetted a Commander in 1891; after leaving the _Sans -Pareil_ he was appointed to the _Victoria_, then one of our largest -battleships, sister ship (though of later date) to the _Camperdown_. -It was while he was her Commander that the accident happened during -manoeuvres off Tripoli, on the Syrian Coast. - -This was his second marvellous escape from death; all the more -remarkable since Jellicoe was on the sick list, confined to his cabin -with a sharp attack of Malta fever. The ship went down twenty minutes -after she was struck, and twenty-two officers and three hundred and -fifty men were drowned. - -This was the most terrible disaster that has happened to the British -Fleet in times of peace since the _Royal George_ foundered one night, -close to shore, and disappeared beneath the waves with her entire -crew, including the brave Kempenfeldt. - -The _Victoria_ was the flagship of Vice-Admiral Sir George Tryon, -Commander of the Mediterranean Fleet. The ships left Beyrout early in -the morning of June the 22nd, 1893; they steamed in line abreast to -the Syrian Coast, when the order was given to change their formation -into two columns, line ahead, with an interval of six cables. The -starboard column was headed by the _Victoria_ under Tryon, and the -port column by the _Camperdown_ under Rear-Admiral Markham. - -Tryon's flag-lieutenant was Lord Gillford, and it was he who received -the fatal order to signal to the two divisions to turn sixteen points -inwards, the leading ships first, the others of course following in -succession. - -The smallest circle in which either the _Victoria_ or the _Camperdown_ -could turn was six hundred yards--about three cables length--and -therefore if Tryon's orders were obeyed a collision would be -inevitable between the two ships. - -Both Lord Gillford and the Admiral's Staff-Commander must have -realized this: every seaman on board the Fleet, when eventually the -signal fluttered in the wind, knew what would happen. - -The position must have been a terrible one for those on the bridge of -the _Camperdown_, as well as the _Victoria_; for, not theirs to -question but to obey. - -But Staff-Commander Hawkins-Smith dared remind Tryon that they could -not possibly turn in less than eight cables length. - -Admiral Tryon agreed, but what was the Staff-Commander's surprise a -minute or two later to see the original signal "six cables length" go -up. He spoke to Lord Gillford and advised him to again call Admiral -Tryon's attention to the impossibility of the manoeuvre being -successfully carried out. - -This Gillford did: "You said it was to be more than six cables' -length, Sir." - -"Did I? Well, leave it at six cables," Tryon replied, and turning -round he entered into conversation with Captain Bourke. - -One cannot help wondering what would have happened if Jellicoe had -been present, instead of confined below with fever. Presumably, he -could have done no more than Gillford and Hawkins-Smith; the -_Victoria_ would have been lost just the same. - -When the signal was read on the _Camperdown_ Admiral Markham was -puzzled and therefore he refrained from replying, thereby indicating -that he did not understand his instructions. - -The fleet steamed ahead in two columns line. - -Tryon grew impatient and signalled to the _Camperdown_--"What are you -waiting for?" - -Markham had now no option but to obey. Perhaps he hoped that Admiral -Tryon had some scheme for manoeuvring his own ship. - -The signal was obeyed. The leading ships of the two columns turned -sixteen points inwards. - -The men of the Fleet watched; amazed and horrified. - -A minute passed. There was still time to change the signal. Two -minutes passed, three. To those waiting and watching the minutes must -have seemed an eternity. - -Before the fourth minute had expired the _Camperdown_ rammed the -_Victoria_ on her starboard bow. When the great ships parted there -was a big gash visible in the _Victoria_ through which the sea poured. -At once the boat began to list. But there was no panic. Jellicoe's -servant hurried below and warned the Commander that the _Victoria_ was -sinking. Jellicoe got up and went on deck. The order had already been -given to pipe all hands. There was no rush or hurry. In the engine -rooms the stokers remained at their posts, the artificer and -engineers. It was the same in the boiler rooms. - -Above, on deck, the men lined up, calm and quiet. But the _Victoria_ -was heeling over; sinking fast. Jellicoe, clad in pyjamas, had -clambered on to the bridge, and accompanied by two junior officers, -attempted to signal to the _Camperdown_. - -It was too late. The _Victoria_ lurched, turned on her side and poured -her living freight into the Mediterranean. Those on the upper deck -jumped or were flung into the waters. There were many still below, and -as the ironclad sank they could be seen clambering through the port -holes and sliding down the ship's side. The majority were caught like -rats in a trap. - -Several of those who escaped from her were struck by the propellers, -still racing madly. Others were sucked below when she finally sank and -disappeared. - -As she sank the _Victoria_ turned right over and went down bottom -upwards. Hardly had she disappeared from sight when there came a -terrific explosion and a mighty mass of water was thrown high into the -air. - -Many of the men who had risen to the surface and were swimming about, -were swept away and drowned in this waterspout. - -Jellicoe, who had been flung from the bridge when the boat commenced -to turn turtle, escaped the explosion--probably caused by the bursting -of the boilers. - -He was a sick man with a temperature over 100 deg. He swam as long as -he could, but weakened by fever he was in danger of collapsing, when -Midshipman West came to his rescue and supported him. - -Very probably, but for young West, Jellicoe would have gone under. The -nation owes him a debt to-day. Eventually they were both picked up by -one of the boats sent from the Fleet. - -The _Camperdown_ herself was in a bad way; her bows were crumpled up, -and for a little while it looked as though she would sink too, and -follow her sister-ship to the bottom of the Mediterranean. But thanks -to the celerity with which the water-tight doors were closed and the -collision-mats got out, she was saved; the crew were kept working -right through the night to keep her afloat. - -There were numerous instances of courage and devotion besides that -quoted of Jellicoe, who, before going on deck, went below to warn and -hurry up any men he might find there. One of the boatswains continued -semaphoring until he was washed off his feet. Admiral Tryon refused to -try and save himself though implored to do so by his coxswain. The -last words he is reported to have said were addressed to a midshipman: - -"Don't stop here, youngster; get to a boat." - -He might have got to that boat himself, but he went down with his -ship. - -At the court martial Captain Bourke was exonerated from all blame, and -the finding of the Court was that the collision had been caused by -Admiral Tryon's order. - - - - -CHAPTER V - -THE BOXER RISING IN CHINA - - -After the loss of the _Victoria_ Jellicoe served as Commander on -H.M.S. _Ramillies_, flagship in the Mediterranean. - -Early in January, 1897, he joined the Ordnance Committee, and received -his promotion, attaining the rank of Captain. - -But valuable as his services were now, as they had been when assistant -to Fisher, he was again not allowed to remain at the Admiralty for -long. Admiral Sir C. H. Seymour chose him as Flag Captain on the -_Centurion_. It is hardly necessary to point out that the _Centurion_ -of 1898 is no longer on the active list, if indeed she exists at all. -H.M.S. _Centurion_, now "watching and waiting" somewhere in the North -Sea, was built in 1912, and belongs to the King George V. Class; she -has a displacement of 25,000 tons, and a speed of 21-1/2 knots. - -The old _Centurion_ was a very different class of boat. She was on the -China Station, and when the Boxer Rising occurred in 1900--just as -we hoped we were finishing our work in South Africa under -Kitchener--Jellicoe found himself in the firing line again. - -The Boxers were the moving spirit in a vast organization which had for -its object the extermination of Christian Missionaries and the -aggressive commercial white men who followed in their train. - -"China for the Chinese" might be translated as their popular war cry. -The Dowager Empress of China was, if not at the head of the movement, -certainly at the back of it, in spite of her protestations to the -contrary. - -The Chinese are the most conservative people in the world. They love -and respect the traditions of their race as they love and respect -their Ancestors. The "foreign" missionaries, railway concessionaries, -mining agents and other outriders of modern civilization threatened to -destroy and outrage their cherished ideas and institutions. They did -not particularly object to the British; the Englishman--when he did -not try to convert them--was the least hated of the foreign devils. - -Americans, French, Russians, Germans, were all hated and feared. - -The Boxers decreed that they would have to go. The rebellion started -quietly enough, but once having started it spread with alarming -rapidity until Europe saw itself face to face with the Yellow Peril. -China threatened to over-run the Western Continent. - -Proclamations were issued by the Boxers in all the towns and villages -of the great Empire and appeared on the walls of Pekin itself. - -"The voice of the great God of the Unseen World-- - -"Disturbances are to be dreaded from the foreign devils; everywhere -they are starting missions, erecting telegraphs, and building -railways; they do not believe in the sacred doctrine, and they speak -evil of the gods. Their sins are numberless as the hairs of the head. -Therefore am I wroth, and my thunders have pealed forth.... The will -of Heaven is that the telegraph wires be first cut, then the railways -torn up, and then shall the foreign devils be decapitated. In that day -shall the hour of their calamities come...." - -And forthwith the Boxers arranged that disturbances should commence at -once. They commenced with pillages and robberies. The Empress launched -edicts against the rising, while secretly she encouraged it. Soon a -direct attack was made on all Christians; missionaries were tortured -and murdered. Churches set on fire and houses torn down. - -One or two Legations in Pekin were destroyed. On May the 1st the -German Minister, Baron von Kettener, was assassinated. - -This was the signal for a general rising, and all the Legations in -Pekin were besieged, the Imperial troops joining in the attack. Sir -Claude MacDonald had been assured that there was no danger whatsoever. -He was appointed commander of the Legation Quarter by the foreign -representatives, and a plucky resistance was made. - -Early in June he sent a telegram to Sir Edward Seymour, Commander of -the China Station, informing him the situation was perilous, and -warning him that unless the Legations were soon relieved a general -massacre would take place. - -Seymour acted as quickly as possible, and with a force of two -thousand men he started to the relief of Pekin. - -This little army was composed of men and guns drawn from the ships of -the eight Great Powers then in Chinese waters. Great Britain--who -provided nearly a thousand men--France, Italy, Russia, the United -States, Japan, Austria and Germany. Their combined artillery consisted -only of nineteen guns. - -Captain Jellicoe was given command of the British Naval Contingent, -and the whole force was under the command of Admiral Seymour. Mr. -Whittall, Reuter's correspondent, accompanied the column, and he gave, -in the diary which he kept, a very graphic account of the fighting of -the allied forces, their failure to relieve Pekin, their attempt to -get back to Tientsin, Jellicoe's bad luck in getting dangerously -wounded--it was feared, fatally, at the time--and the narrow escape of -the whole force from annihilation. - -"We left Laufang at dawn on June the 13th," he wrote, "and arrived at -Tientsin at 12.30 p.m. without incident. - -"We left Tientsin again at 2 a.m., but the Marines were at Yangtsun, -and the Chinese officials declined to take the responsibility of -affording protection, so we took them on with us. At Lofa we found -three trucks derailed, and so remained there all night outside 'Fort -Endymion.' We moved out from Lofa about midnight on June 14th for -headquarters, but found that they had been removed further up the -line. A party of Americans, foraging, ran across a band of 150 Boxers -and fired on them, killing six and wounding many others. The -_Aurora's_ advance party was attacked about six-and-a-half miles up -the line by a large force of the Boxers, who tried to rush them, but -the bluejackets kept them off, killing and wounding some 150. - -"Last night a courier arrived from Pekin, and said that everything was -well in the city when he left, but that many Boxers were openly -showing themselves in the city. At ten this morning a most determined -attempt was made to rush the headquarters' train by a large body of -Boxers. The small-bore rifle bullets seemed to have no effect in -stopping the rush, and the fanatics came on most gallantly. The Maxim -was got into action at the range of about fifty yards, and mowed the -enemy like grass. This was enough for them, and they fled into the -country. - -"In the afternoon an attack was made on Lofa by two thousand Boxers, -but they were driven off, with a loss of seventy-five men. Our -casualties were said to be four slightly wounded. In the evening -Johnstone returned, having raided all the villages bordering the line, -killing forty or fifty Boxers. He reports all track in a fearful -state, rails, etc., being up for miles at a stretch. The courier who -brought letters from Pekin on Tuesday returned with letters for Pekin. - -"Matters seem to be getting more serious. Report of the Japanese -having been murdered by Tung Fu-hsiang's men confirmed. Grand stand -burned, students attacked by Boxers with swords, Boxers burning -missions and foreign buildings other than Legations. Boxers cut the -throats of the wounded before running. We had two of _Endymion's_ -bluejackets wounded at Lofa, one shot through the lungs with a stone -from a small iron cannon. We took two of these guns. The Italian dead -were shockingly mutilated. One Boxer, a boy of thirteen, was brought -in wounded. - -"Up at 4 a.m. and started again for Tientsin. Found the line below -Lofa cut in four places, in one of which the embankment had been dug -out to a depth of some four feet. We received the news that the Boxers -were hard at work three miles above Yangtsun tearing up the track. At -5 a.m. saw a body numbering from 200 to 300 strong, enter a large -village to the right of the line. We afterwards foraged in another -village to the left, where we got some chickens and leeks and then set -fire to it. We had this day a guard of 120 Germans and 50 French with -us." - -The relief force had now been fighting for a week without making any -real progress. Meanwhile, the news that came from Pekin was grave in -the extreme. Several attempts were made to send messages through but -without success. - -Captain Jellicoe sent a body of marines and blue-jackets, under Major -Johnstone, to Yangtsun with the intention of opening friendly -relations with the people, and after a great deal of trouble, this was -done, and food was obtained for the hungry troops. - -But every day the situation became more serious. Owing to all the -rails having been cut the trains were held up and a night attack was -expected. For six days no news had come from Tientsin. - -Eventually the order came to abandon the trains--fifty thousand pounds -of rolling stock, and practically all the baggage--and march on -Tientsin with half rations for three days. - -This, of course, would meet with Jellicoe's approval ... hitting -quickly and hitting hard. - -A day was spent making preparations for the march. Every man of the -expedition knew it was a desperate venture, but not one was dismayed. -But Mr. Whittall, in his diary, wonders how much of the unfortunate -expedition is likely to reach Tientsin in safety. - -"Progress was," he says, "very slow at first owing to want of water -for the boats, which were constantly getting ashore. At 7.20 p.m. the -column halted and bivouacked for the night, which passed without -incident. Gunfiring in the direction of Tientsin reported to have been -heard. - -"Reveille" sounded at 4 a.m. Column marched 6.15; Hangu, 7.30; halted -while town was searched by advance guard; 8.5, Chinese army reported -advancing; 8.25, American 3-inch opened on enemy in a copse flanking -river in line of our advance. - -"Conflicting reports as to character of enemy, some saying only -Boxers, others Imperial troops. 9.5, I went up to the firing line. -Enemy strongly posted in a village ahead. 9.0, our 9-pounders came -into action at 450 yards. Enemy retired, under the heavy shrapnel -fire, and a party of Americans went ahead to examine village. One -_Aurora_ wounded accidentally. - -"First volleys fired very heavy; when enemy found range too close to -be pleasant; 9.50, column resumed advance, two Russians wounded. -Village ahead reported full of the enemy. Our 9-pounders ordered up; -opened fire 10.31. Americans advance with French on left, our Marines -advance under cover of the river bank. 2.20, while troops resting, we -were attacked. Enemy driven off, one American dangerously wounded. - -"Column resumed its advance on both banks of the river. Three Chinese -field-guns observed moving in the direction of Peitsang. Sounds of -heavy firing in the direction of Tientsin again heard all the morning. -Natives report it is General Nieh fighting Boxers. - -"8.15, large body of cavalry seen on our left flank which were at -first taken for Russians; but a shell pitched unpleasantly near our -flanking parties from the left of the village the cavalry had just -passed, convinced us that they must be Nieh's cavalry. Our guns were -soon in action, replying to the enemy's fire, and the rattle of -musketry became general." - -It was the mistaking this large body of enemy cavalry for a relieving -force of Cossacks that nearly cost Jellicoe his life. The Chinese -Cavalry was hailed, and replied with a volley. Jellicoe rallied his -men and boldly charged them. - -He helped clear them out, but fell shot in the chest. Mr. Whittall -made the following brief entry in his diary at the time: - -"Flag-captain Jellicoe, _Centurion_, dangerously wounded in the chest; -feared mortally. Lieutenant Bamber, also of the _Centurion_, and -Midshipman Burke also both wounded. The enemy's fire throughout the -day was also terrific, and for the most part fairly well aimed." - -He pays a high compliment to Captain Jellicoe, for he says that it was -owing to the splendid way in which the British troops were handled -that the casualties were no heavier than they were. - -The response of the men was splendid, and their behaviour under a -terrific fire excellent. - -But Mr. Whittall acknowledges that "it was a shocking business." - - - - -CHAPTER VI - -THE SPIRIT OF DRAKE - - -In a recent issue of the _Pall Mall Gazette_ Mr. Whittall paints a -very good pen portrait of Captain Jellicoe at this time. - -"It was to him that I was referred for permission to accompany the -relieving force, and I can see him now as he put a few terse, direct -questions to me before granting the required permit. A man below -middle height, alert, with that in the calm, grey eyes which spoke of -decision and a serene confidence in himself, not the confidence of the -over-sure, but that of the real leader of men. A man whose features -would have been unpleasantly hard but for the lurking humour of the -eyes and for certain humorous lines about a mouth that on occasion -could take the likeness of a steel trap. A man to trust instinctively -and one to like from the beginning. Those were my first impressions of -him as he stood that June morning watching the troop trains discharge -their freights on to a dusty North China platform. Later when I came -to know him he inspired me with the same feeling of affection with -which he was regarded by every one with whom he had occasion to come -into close contact. There was, and is, the magnetism about the man -which stamps the personality of him who is indeed a commander rather -than one who commands." - -Mr. Whittall was with him after he was wounded and while the allied -forces were retiring on Tientsin. What Jellicoe must have suffered -then no one will ever know. He was first of all placed for safety in a -native house and later on moved into a small native boat. His wound -must have pained him terribly. His case was considered hopeless, as -the bullet had reached one of his lungs and recovery seemed -impossible. Moreover, he knew that now Pekin would not be relieved; -the mission had failed. - -But his superb vitality pulled him through. He would not go under. - -Mr. Whittall describes how he sent for him and asked to be told how -things were progressing. "Foolishly perhaps," says Mr. Whittall, "I -tried to make the best of affairs and said that I thought we should -cut our way back to Tientsin or even to the coast if the foreign -settlements had fallen. - -"I don't think I shall ever forget the contemptuous flash of the eyes -he turned on me, or the impatient remark: - -"'Tell me the truth. Don't lie.' - -"I had thought to lessen the anxiety I knew he must have been feeling, -but if I had known him as I learnt to do later on, I should have told -him the plain truth straight out. He thanked me and, indicating his -wounded shoulder with his eyes, remarked: - -"'Hard luck just now!'" - -Captain Jellicoe, as all the world knows, completely recovered and -has, we believe, lived to fight the battle of his life, the battle of -the world. Nevertheless the doctors told him at the time that he would -never regain the use of his left arm. - -It would have been rather remarkable if this false prophecy had come -true; it could scarcely have made any difference to his career--for -Jellicoe was _the_ man and he was bound to reach his present position -no matter the obstacles in his way--but the loss of his arm would have -added yet another remarkable point of resemblance to the hero of -Trafalgar. - -And it may not be out of place here to give a story, which is almost a -creed with many sailors and their folk in the South of England: the -story so beautifully told by Alfred Noyes in his poem "The Admiral's -Ghost." - -This is what the simple Devonshire sea folk will tell you when -Jellicoe's name is mentioned--if you have gained their confidence. -They do not talk about it to strangers; it has become a faith with -them and is sacred. - -When Drake was dying on board his ship in Nombre Dios Bay his thoughts -turned of course to England, the country he loved, had fought and died -for. He yearned to be back on the red cliffs of Devon; he wanted to -sail once again through Plymouth Sound and to be laid at rest in the -dear home waters that washed his native shores. - -He was dying far from the beloved land. There were battles yet to be -fought, victories to be won for England. She might want him again and -he would not be there to answer her call. - -So he told his men to take back his drum and to hang it upon the sea -wall, and if ever England was in danger and called, the sailors were -to strike upon his drum and he would rise from the far seas and come -back and fight for her. - -When England was threatened two hundred years after Drake's death his -drum was heard one stormy night by the fisher folk. And there are -those who will swear that a strange shadow shape was seen hovering -about the old sea wall for many a night. - -Then Nelson came to England's rescue and saved her in her hour of -need. But let Alfred Noyes tell the tale in his inspiring verse: - - "D'you guess who Nelson was? - You may laugh, but it's true as true! - There was more in that pore little chawed-up chap - Than ever his best friend knew. - - "The foe was creepin' close, - In the dark, to our white-cliffed isle; - They were ready to leap at England's throat, - When--O, you may smile, you may smile; - - "But--ask of the Devonshire men; - For they heard in the dead of night - The roll of a drum, and they saw him pass - On a ship all shining white. - - "He stretched out his dead cold face - And he sailed in the grand old way! - The fishes had taken an eye and an arm, - But he swept Trafalgar's Bay. - - "Nelson--was Francis Drake! - O, what matters the uniform, - Or the patch on your eye or your pinned-up sleeve, - If your soul's like a North Sea storm?" - -[Illustration: EARLY PORTRAITS OF SIR JOHN JELLICOE AS MIDSHIPMAN AS -LIEUTENANT] - -When the author was in Devonshire a little while after the outbreak of -the world-war he was talking to an old sailor who had seen service, -now retired at the age of nearly eighty years. He stood on the red -cliffs beyond Brixham close to the doors of his cottage straining his -eyes, still clear and bright, seaward, watching for the ships he -loved. - -The author referred to this story and the sailor's face grew grave and -he was silent for a long time. - -"The drum was beat," he whispered at last. "Drake's drum was heered to -beat a while back; our lads heered 'er, one night when they was -puttin' out from Plymouth Sound." - -He nodded his head to and fro as he took off his cap: "But I knawed -long back when I stood afore Jacky Jellicoe, close as I be standin' to -yew; I caught his eye--and I knawed it was Drake come back.... Yes, -sir; the old drum beat and he come back as he said he would----" - - "If England needs me, dead - Or living, I'll rise that day! - I'll rise from the darkness under the sea - Ten thousand miles away." - -That's what he said; and he died. - - "They lowered him down in the deep, - And there in the sunset light - They boomed a broadside over his grave, - As meanin' to say 'Good Night' - - "They sailed away in the dark - To the dear little isle they knew; - And they hung his drum by the old sea-wall - The same as he told them to." - -And now once again the drum has beaten and the spirit of Drake has -returned to England. The materialists may laugh; the superstitious may -speculate. But the sea folk on the red cliffs of Devonshire, _they -know_. - - * * * * * - -It was some months after Pekin had been relieved by the Allied forces -of twenty thousand men--the British, under Lieutenant-General Sir A. -Gaselee, being the first to enter the Legations--that Mr. Whittall met -Jellicoe on board the _Centurion_. The latter told him that he had -played cricket for the flagship on the way down and had made 124--not -out! - -His lung had healed and his left arm was as strong as his right. - -A cheeky midshipman on hearing of Captain Jellicoe's third and most -marvellous escape from death said that obviously he was born to be -hanged--or to be Commander-in-Chief of the whole British Navy. - -On his return to England Jellicoe received the C.B. for his services, -and the German Emperor decorated him with the Order of the Red Eagle -of the Second Class with crossed swords. - -Jellicoe learnt something about the fighting qualities of the German -sailor during the attempt to relieve Pekin: later on he became a -personal friend of the Emperor's, and his portrait appears in the -great picture which the Kaiser ordered to be painted of the Allied -Naval Brigades in action in China and which now hangs on the walls of -the Imperial Palace at Potsdam. - -A few months after his return from China, Captain Jellicoe married -Gwendoline Cayzer, the daughter of Sir Charles Cayzer, Bart., of -Gartmore, N.B., the chief of the Clan Steamship line. Curiously enough -one of his best friends, Rear-Admiral Madden, married Sir Charles' -other daughter. Admiral Madden is now Jellicoe's Chief-of-Staff. - -Captain Jellicoe's next appointment was to superintend the building of -war-ships. At this task his success was phenomenal. A little later he -was serving as assistant to the Controller of the Navy, and in 1903 he -was given command of the _Drake_, then one of the latest additions to -our fleet. - -She was completed in 1902; her tonnage is 14,100; she has a Krupp -armoured belt of six inches; she carries two 9.2 guns, sixteen 6-inch, -twelve 12-pounders, and three 2-pounders, besides six machine guns and -two torpedo tubes. The _Drake_ is still in commission and heads the -Drake Class of armoured cruisers. She is at present attached to the -Sixth Cruiser Squadron of the Grand Fleet. - -Under Jellicoe's command the _Drake_ became famous for her gunnery, -and when he left her she had obtained the highest efficiency in -shooting and was "top-dog" in the Navy. - - - - -CHAPTER VII - -AS ORGANISER - - -In 1905 Captain Jellicoe went to the Admiralty as Director of Naval -Ordnance. Having been Fisher's assistant late in the 'eighties he knew -his department and the men connected with it. He knew better than any -other man of his age what the Navy wanted, and he evidently made up -his mind that she should have it. - -He was heart and soul a "Fisher man" and a great admirer of the -splendid work Sir Percy Scott had performed. Indeed, much of Scott's -genius might have been lost or wasted without Jellicoe's help and -enthusiasm. - -He took the part of Director of Naval Ordnance just at the right time. -One of the most important reforms for which the Service has to thank -him was fitting all guns mounted in ships of the first line with new -day and night sights, and the installation of fire-control instruments -for "spotting" and controlling at long range firing. He was also -instrumental in getting rid of all gunnery lumber, and he put his -foot down on many little tricks and dodges which had been practised in -shooting competitions. - -It was almost entirely due to him that in a period of eighteen months -the percentage of "hits" was raised from forty-two out of a hundred -rounds to an average of seventy. - -In recognition of this a knighthood was conferred upon him in 1909; -though previous to this honour he was made Controller of the Navy. - -Here, again, his knowledge of _materiel_ necessary to the Service and -his great technical ability were invaluable; his quickness, firmness -and quiet manner had a great effect on the celerity with which work -was done in private as well as in the royal dockyards. There had been -a great deal of trouble in the past with contractors owing to the -difficulty in getting plans and estimates passed quickly. - -Jellicoe soon changed this, and inspired the men under him to be -decisive and swift and thorough. Describing the work he accomplished -during his Controllership of the Navy a critic in _Engineering_ paid -Sir John high and deserved tribute, on the occasion of his leaving -the Admiralty and hoisting his flag as Vice-Admiral of the Atlantic -Fleet; this was in December, 1910. - -After pointing out that Jellicoe's tenure of office was marked by a -period of unusual naval shipbuilding activity, the author of the -article in _Engineering_ gave the number of new vessels of all classes -added to the Navy between 1907 and 1910 as ninety, including twelve -battleships and armoured cruisers, eight protected and unarmoured -cruisers, and seventy destroyers, torpedo boats and submarines. - -In addition to the numbers given, there were then about sixty ships -building, including eight battleships and armoured cruisers, seven -protected and unarmoured cruisers, and forty-five destroyers and -submarines, whilst the preliminaries to laying down were well advanced -in the case of a further twenty-two ships; these, as enumerated in the -current year's naval estimates, included five battleships and armoured -cruisers, three protected and unarmoured cruisers, and fourteen -destroyers, submarines and fleet auxiliaries. The sea-going and -fighting efficiency of all these warships was in advance of their -prototype in many important respects in _materiel_. - -Shipbuilding output has thus been well maintained in the dockyards, -and there, as in the private yards doing Admiralty work, the delay in -beginning new vessels is now at a minimum. The whole machinery of -administration in this respect has been accelerated. The period of -construction of large armoured warships remained at two years, -notwithstanding the great increase in the size and displacement of the -latest types. Admiral Jellicoe was a frequent visitor at the works of -contractors, and by this means was enabled to assist and encourage -those responsible in realizing the best results and to infuse them -with his characteristic enthusiasm for the efficiency of the Service. - -"The repairs and maintenance of the Fleet have been well looked after -by Sir John Jellicoe," wrote the critic of _Engineering_, "who has -realized throughout the importance of liberal financial provision to -enable the prompt and proper execution of repairs. The total number of -men employed (shipbuilding and repairs, etc.) in the home dockyards -has considerably increased during his period of office. Sir John, -having at one time been associated with the building of warships in -private yards, has devoted much attention to improving and extending -the resources of the dockyards for shipbuilding and repair work. A -recent important innovation in dockyard and port equipment is the -adoption of large floating-docks for Dreadnoughts and floating-cranes -to serve them, a policy which recognizes _inter alia_ the importance -of the quality of mobility in docks and cranes. The equipment of -temporary bases in time of war becomes easy of arrangement when -floating-docks and floating-cranes lie fully equipped and ready for -use and transfer. Two such docks, capable of lifting 32,000 tons--one -for Portsmouth and one for the Medway--are now under construction, -whilst contracts for two large floating-cranes, capable of lifting 100 -tons at a radius of 125 feet, and 150 tons at about 90 feet, will very -shortly be placed. - -"Sir John Jellicoe has been a strong Controller and his severance from -the Admiralty is a matter of personal regret, which is not by any -means confined to the members of the Board and the heads of -departments. No Controller has been more popular; none has commanded -greater respect as an administrator." - -It has been stated that during this period Sir John Jellicoe would -sometimes work for fifteen or sixteen hours a day, when business -pressed. He never "fussed" or gave the impression of "rush," and he -neither worried nor drove his subordinates. - -His words were few, but to the point. And he has never been known to -make a request or give an order twice. - -It was during the period Jellicoe began to carry on the good work -Fisher had started at the Admiralty that the Emperor of Germany wrote -a remarkable letter to the late Lord Tweedmouth, First Lord in 1908. -At the time it was declared by Tweedmouth to be confidential and -purely personal, but the contents have at last become more or less -public. - -This letter, in the light of latter-day events, is particularly -interesting. It was quoted for the first time by _The Morning Post_, -and it throws a strong light on the Kaiser's real character. One can -imagine the First Sea Lord of the Admiralty, Lord Fisher--whom the -German Naval Party feared so keenly--describing it in his frank -fashion as an infernal piece of bluff. - -"During my last pleasant visit to your hospitable shores," the Emperor -wrote, "I tried to make your authorities understand what the drift of -the German Naval policy is. But I am afraid that my explanations have -been misunderstood or not believed, because I see the 'German Danger' -and the 'German Challenge to British Naval Supremacy' constantly -quoted in the different articles. This phrase, if not repudiated or -corrected, sown broadcast over the country and daily dinned into -British ears, might in the end create most deplorable results. - -"It is absolutely nonsensical and untrue that the German Naval Bill is -to provide a Navy meant as a 'challenge to British Naval Supremacy.' -The German Fleet is built against nobody at all. It is solely built -for Germany's needs in relation with that country's rapidly growing -trade. - -"There is nothing surprising, secret or underhand in it, and every -reader may study the whole course mapped out for the development of -the German Navy with the greatest ease." - -After a long preamble on the subject of what England might do (from -the Kaiser's point of view) with regard to her shipbuilding programme, -the letter refers to a letter written and published by Lord Esher, in -which the Emperor accuses him of misinterpreting Germany's feelings by -alleging that "every German from the Emperor down to the last man -wished for the downfall of Sir John Fisher": - -"As far as regards German Affairs Naval," the letter continues, "the -phrase is a piece of unmitigated balderdash, and has created an -immense merriment in the circles of those 'who know' here. But I -venture to think that such things ought not to be written by people -who are high placed, as they are liable to hurt public feelings over -here. Of course, I need not assure you that nobody here dreams of -wishing to influence Britain in the choice of those to whom she means -to give the direction of her Navy, or to disturb them in the -fulfilment of their noble task.... - -"I hope your Lordship will read these lines with kind consideration. -They are written by one who is an ardent admirer of your splendid -Navy, who wishes it all success, and who hopes that its ensign may -ever wave on the same side as the German Navy, and by one who is proud -to wear the British Naval Uniform of an Admiral of the Fleet, which -was conferred on him by the late Great Queen of blessed memory. - -"Once more. The German Naval Bill is not aimed at England, and is not -a challenge to British supremacy of the sea, which will remain -unchallenged for generations to come." - -The German Emperor's "generations to come" has resolved itself into -less than six years. - - - - -CHAPTER VIII - -VICE-ADMIRAL - - -Sir John Jellicoe hoisted his flag as Vice-Admiral commanding the -Atlantic Fleet, in succession to His Serene Highness, Prince Louis of -Battenberg, on December 27th, 1911, and on the tenth of January, 1912, -the Fleet assembled at Dover for the first time under its new -Commander-in-Chief. - -There was a suggestion about this time that the Atlantic Fleet and the -Home Fleet were to be amalgamated. The change that had already been -made in the Atlantic Fleet in linking it to the Home Fleet for -purposes of combined training did not mean that either command was to -be absorbed in the other. The Atlantic Fleet was henceforth to be -under the command of a Junior instead of a Senior Admiral, and it -would cruise in Home waters. - -Both Fleets would have their war training together and the policy of -concentration in Home waters was thus carried out. - -How fully this policy was justified events have fully proved. The -Atlantic Fleet continued to use Gibraltar as its repairing base. - -Admiral Jellicoe's first cruise with the Fleets was to Vigo, on the -Spanish coast, where manoeuvres were carried out in conjunction with -a portion of the Mediterranean Fleet. - -These manoeuvres were carried out on a large scale. There was a -Naval Review of the Fleets, at which King Alfonso was present. -Afterwards a mimic warfare was waged, the Home Fleet, under Admiral -Sir W. H. May, representing the "Red," the Mediterranean and Atlantic -Fleets under Admiral Sir E. S. Poe and Vice-Admiral Jellicoe, -respectively, being the "Blue." - -The principal "action" took place at night, and Jellicoe manoeuvred -his ships so cleverly that they almost escaped a vastly superior -force. - -After the "battle" was over Admiral May signalled to Jellicoe that he -had put up a fine fight, and given the superior forces against him a -very hard job. - -Just at this time Sir John Jellicoe suffered a sad bereavement, losing -his little daughter, Betty, at the age of five and a half years. She -was the second child, and was born on May 21st, 1905. - -Sir John and Lady Jellicoe have four daughters, the eldest in her -ninth year. They are delightful children, and all bear a strong family -likeness to the "Little Admiral"; they possess many of their father's -characteristics, too: overwhelming good spirits and a keen sense of -humour. - -The author's first introduction to them was when he was waiting in the -hall of Sir John's town house. - -They were just going out for their morning constitutional, but as they -were about to start, the eldest suddenly discovered that "some one" -was missing who should have been present. A hurried search was -instituted. Upstairs and downstairs the young Jellicoes raced, peering -here and peering there, and continually calling for "Nanna!" - -Believing that the nurse was the object of their search, the author -told Miss Jellicoe that he had just seen her go upstairs. She shook -her head: - -"Oh, no she hasn't. She came down with me just now and I _know_ she -hasn't gone back. She does run away sometimes." - -It seemed a strange thing for a nurse to do, and while the author was -debating in his mind whether he ought not to inform Lady Jellicoe, one -of the little girls gave a cry of triumph and pointed to the sideboard -standing against the wall in a dark corner of the hall. - -"There she is. Isn't she naughty!" - -A sideboard did not seem the right place for the nurse--even the nurse -of a Naval family--to choose as a hiding place; but though the author -searched he could not see the culprit. - -Little Miss Jellicoe grew impatient: "Oh, do try and get her out!" she -begged. "Don't you see, she's crawled underneath!" - -Down on his hands and knees went the author of this book--and there, -tucked away under the sideboard, crouched the missing nurse. - -"Please pull her out, we can't go for our walk without her." - -Obediently the author seized the nurse by the scruff of the neck and -dragged her from her hiding place. - -"Nanna,"--on this occasion--was a Scotch terrier! - -Undoubtedly the Admiral's daughters have their father's sense of -humour. - -[Illustration: H.M.S. "IRON DUKE."] - - Dear little Freda - - I must write and thank you for your kind thought of the - sailors. The one seaman to whom I gave your muffler was so much - touched - - Thank you dear - - Yours - John Jellicoe - -Admiral Jellicoe's affection and consideration for children is shown -in a variety of ways. The letter to a schoolgirl, reproduced on page -83, thanking her for a gift of a muffler for one of the sailors on the -flagship, is a striking example of his thoughtfulness and the personal -interest he takes in everything, and everyone, connected with the -welfare of his men and with his fleet. - -Another letter to his wife, which Lady Jellicoe kindly allowed the -author to read and reproduce, was written on board the _Iron Duke_ -early in November. Though it was sent to Lady Jellicoe it was intended -for all the wives, mothers, sisters, sweethearts and children of the -British sailors at sea throughout the Empire, for Sir John wished them -to know how gallantly his men (which are _their_ men) were behaving -and how proud he was to command them. - -It is a brave letter, containing a brave message for the women and -children. - - _H.M.S. "Iron Duke."_ - 14-11-'14. - - _I know you will be meeting the wives and families of the men, - and I hope you will tell them of the magnificent spirit which - prevails. Our troops have covered themselves with glory during - this war. The Navy has not yet, as a whole, had the opportunity - of showing that the old spirit which carried us to victory in - the past is with us now, but when our men have had the - opportunity of fighting a foe above the water, they have shown - that they possess the same pluck and endurance as our comrades - ashore. Nothing can ever have been finer than the coolness and - courage shown in every case where ships have been sunk by mines - or torpedoes. The discipline has been perfect, and men have - gone to their death not only most gallantly, but most - unselfishly. One hears on all sides of numerous instances of - men giving up, on these occasions, the plank that has supported - them, to some more feeble comrade, and I feel prouder with - every day that passes that I command such men._ - - _And during the period of waiting and watching they are - cheerful and contented in spite of the grey dulness of their - lives. I am sure you will tell the wives and children, and the - sisters and mothers, of our men, of the spirit that prevails, - and I know that it will make them too desire to show in their - own lives that they are animated by the same desire to do the - best they can for their country, so that they will be worthy of - their men-kind, of whom it is difficult to say too much._ - _JN. JELLICOE._ - -When the Atlantic Fleet visited Gibraltar, Lady Jellicoe and her -family joined Sir John at the Rock, staying at the Villa Victoria. - -Jellicoe's flagship was the _Prince of Wales_, and while she was in -dock, many delightful entertainments were given on board, the -Admiral's daughters doing their share--even Miss Norah, "the baby of -the fleet," inviting equally small craft (of the human kind) to tea on -the flagship with the request that they would "bring their own -bottles." - -The Rock benefited considerably by the three months' visit of the -Fleet, under Vice-Admiral Sir John Jellicoe, and by the presence of -Lady Jellicoe and her family. - -All work and no play make Jack a dull boy, but Lady Jellicoe saw to it -that Jack got his fair share of amusement. At the Annual Rifle -Meeting, the Vice-Admiral's Cup, presented by Vice-Admiral Sir John -Jellicoe, was won by the Vice-Admiral's B Team from his flagship, with -A team, also from the flagship, second. - -In the individual competitions the Five Hundred Yards was won by Sir -John himself with the Commander of his flagship--Commander -Dryer--second. The _Prince of Wales_ took many other firsts and -seconds, and to just show that he still kept hand and eye in practice, -Sir John Jellicoe and Naval Instructor Holt, representing the Navy, -won the Garrison Racquet Tournament against the Army, by four games to -one. Sir John also won the Racquet Handicap of the Atlantic Fleet, -defeating Mr. Wardlaw in the final by three games to love. - -Sir John's handicap was minus eight. - -These meetings took place during the first anniversary of King -George's accession; the celebrations lasted a week, and the Kaiser's -yacht, _Hohenzollern_, and the German cruisers _Konigsberg_ and -_Sleepner_ were both in port and took part in the festivities; the -Emperor's Imperial Band from the _Hohenzollern_ played at the Victoria -Villa before Sir John and Lady Jellicoe and their guests. - -It is rather interesting to note that the _Musikfolge_ on this -occasion commenced with a selection from Wagner and ended with the -"British Grenadiers" March. - -Vice-Admiral Sir John Jellicoe returned from Gibraltar to England in -time to take part in the great Naval Review at Spithead on June 24th. -H.M. King George, on board the Royal yacht, received a splendid -welcome from the hundred and sixty-seven British ships anchored off -Spithead and the eighteen foreign warships which were also present. -Our boats included twelve Dreadnoughts, thirty cruisers and -seventy-two destroyers. - -Among the foreign ships present were the _Danton_ (France), _Rossiza_ -(Russia), _Kurama_ (Japan), _Radetzky_ (Austria), _Von der Tann_ -(German) and _Hamidich_ (Turkey), all of which afterwards became -involved in the world war. - -After the Review the Naval Manoeuvres took place, in which Jellicoe -commanded the Atlantic Fleet. It was at the conclusion of these -manoeuvres that vague rumours of a crisis with Germany over the -Moroccan affair appeared in certain newspapers. The "scare" was -short-lived, and there was no real ground for the rumours of war -between England, France and Germany that were circulated. - -At this time a German training ship, with several young officers on -board, was cruising in Home waters, doubtless picking up much valuable -information. The commander of this ship is reported to have said that -war between England and Germany was unthinkable. - -Late in July the Atlantic Fleet went to Cromarty for general -exercises, and afterwards the Atlantic Fleet Regatta was held at -Berehaven. On this occasion Jellicoe's flagship, the _Prince of -Wales_, again distinguished herself in a remarkable manner. - -Out of thirty events on the programme for the first two days' racing, -her boats were first, second or third in twenty-eight events, taking -fourteen "firsts." In the Veteran Officers' Skiffs Race Vice-Admiral -Jellicoe stroked the winning boat. Of course the _Prince of Wales_ was -first on the list of points in the regatta, getting fifty-and-a-half -to the _Argyll's_ forty, and won the silver trophy--a figure of a -giant cock. - -One amusing incident occurred at the conclusion of the regatta, when -bands from the various ships went down the course in their big barges -playing a selection of tunes. When they passed the _London_, last but -one in the "race" for points, they played "When London Sleeps"--a sly -dig at that boat's poor performance. - -On passing Jellicoe's flagship each band played "Cock of the Walk" to -the accompaniment of deafening cheers. - -Sir John, as every man in the Senior Service knows, is a keen -temperance man; it was he who was credited with the phrase "the grog -curve." He believes that a sailor should have his glass of grog so -long as he never takes more than he can carry, and he does not "carry" -even that amount when on duty. - -Jellicoe delivered an epoch-making speech on this very important -question at a great temperance meeting held at Gibraltar in November, -1911. On this occasion he said that everyone responsible must -recognize the value of temperance in fighting efficiency. - -In the Navy there are three qualities upon which efficiency mainly -depends--discipline, shooting, and endurance, and temperance -unquestionably tends greatly to the promotion of these qualities. In -regard to discipline one has only to look at the punishment returns to -realize how many of the disciplinary offences are at the outset due to -intemperance. - -As for endurance, medical research has amply proved the fact that -temperance is a great asset in improving the physical qualities, and -therefore the endurance, of the human race. As regards straight -shooting, which is so largely a question of eye, it is everyone's -experience that abstinence is necessary for the highest efficiency. -"If I am going to a rifle meeting in the afternoon," Vice-Admiral -Jellicoe said, "I don't take a whisky and soda after lunch. If I did, -I know I should have no chance of making a possible." - -It was the late Captain Ogilvy who pointed out that efficiency in -shooting was thirty per cent. better before the issue of grog than -after. - -In the Honours' List at the time of the Coronation celebrations a -K.C.B. was bestowed on Vice-Admiral Sir John Jellicoe, and on November -28th he was given the command of the Second Division of the Home -Fleet. There were numerous changes now made at the Admiralty, Admiral -Sir Francis Bridgeman becoming First Sea Lord in place of Sir Arthur -Wilson. With him were H.S.H. Prince Louis of Battenberg and Captain -William Pakenham, all men of the new school. - -At the time the changes made were considered to be startling. Mr. -Winston Churchill, the new broom, practically made a clean sweep of -the old Board. It was a case of putting youth (as youth is counted in -the Senior Service) at the helm--and youth had the courage to give -youth, allied with experience, a chance--for Mr. Churchill himself was -at the time only thirty-seven years of age. Sir Francis Bridgeman was -sixty-two, Prince Louis of Battenberg fifty-seven and Captain Pakenham -fifty. Jellicoe's age was fifty-two. - -Mr. Churchill in his speech in the House of Commons explained that the -changes on the Board were necessary, and said it would lead to a more -effective working in the interest of administrative efficiency. All -former precedents had been observed. As to the question whether the -Sea Lords had resigned or been removed he had to say that when he -apprised them of the fact that His Majesty had given his assent to -certain changes on the Board they accepted those changes in the true -spirit of the Naval Service. - - - - -CHAPTER IX - -1911-1913 - - -In December of 1911 Vice-Admiral Jellicoe was back in Gibraltar, which -thanks to the presence of the Fleet and its Commander's popularity -experienced quite the most successful season it had ever known. The -American cruiser _Chester_ was in port and did her share in the round -of balls, dinners and sports which were held. The Gibraltar Jockey -Club held its winter meeting on the picturesque North Front racecourse -and attracted a remarkable and cosmopolitan gathering. - -It was on December 13th that the Peninsular and Oriental steamer -_Delhi_, conveying the Princess Royal and the Duke of Fife and their -family to Egypt, ran ashore on the Moroccan coast off Cape Spartel. - -The _Delhi_ left London on December 8th, and just outside the Straits -of Gibraltar she encountered a terrific gale. - -The Atlantic Fleet should have left the Rock on the thirteenth, but -when news was received of the disaster Jellicoe immediately sent -battleships and cruisers to the assistance of the _Delhi_. - -Great anxiety had been felt at Gibraltar throughout the previous night -at the non-arrival of the _Delhi_, which was due the previous day, and -arrangements had been made by the Governor and Admiral Jellicoe to -visit the Princess. - -The French cruiser _Friant_ was the first to learn of the wreck, by -wireless, and she was immediately sent to the scene: the sea was -running very high, but at ten o'clock in the morning a steam launch -put out from the _Friant_ and succeeded in taking off twenty women and -children and transferring them to the cruiser _Duke of Edinburgh_, -which had arrived. - -The gale increased in violence, but once again the _Friant's_ launch -attempted to cross the boiling waters and rescue more of the _Delhi's_ -passengers. The heavy seas, however, put out her fires and drove her -ashore; nevertheless her plucky French sailors re-lit the fires and -again launched their boat. But the breakers soon capsized her and -threw her crew into the water, three of whom were drowned. - -Towards the afternoon the seas went down and the British cruisers -managed to establish communication between the _Delhi_ and the shore. - -Admiral Cradock was able to reach the _Delhi_ in his pinnace and took -off the Princess Royal and the Duke of Fife and put them ashore. But -in landing they were nearly swept away and only reached the beach -after a desperate struggle. - -Eventually, all the passengers were safely got off the _Delhi_, and -though part of her cargo was saved--including bullion to the extent of -L500,000 which she was bringing back from India--she became a total -wreck. - -Admiral Jellicoe reached England in time to meet the King and Queen on -their return from India, in the New Year; and in command of the Second -Division of the Home Fleet he had the honour of escorting their -Majesties--in the _Medina_--up the English Channel. - -The ships under Jellicoe's command which performed this duty were the -_Agamemnon_, _Colossus_, _Hercules_, _Lord Nelson_, _Britannia_, -_Dominion_, _Hindustan_ and _Orion_, together with five cruisers. - -Early in February Admiral Jellicoe had the honour of being received by -His Majesty at Buckingham Palace, when the King invested him with the -insignia of a Knight Commander of the Most Honourable Order of the -Bath. - -At this time Mr. Arnold White wrote a very interesting appreciation of -Jellicoe which appeared in _The Throne_ and which in many respects was -almost prophetic. The article was headed "The Man and the Moment," and -in referring to the task which would confront Admiral Jellicoe--if war -ever broke out--as Commander of the British forces at sea, he wrote as -follows: - -"Vice-Admiral Sir John Jellicoe is the Emir upon whom our rulers have -thrust the heaviest responsibility that rests on the shoulders of any -man born of a woman. He is the man who has been told off to the job of -commanding the British forces at sea when war breaks out. - - * * * * * - -"Imagine what this means. Nelson's supreme task, heavy as it was, was -child's play compared to the work that lies ahead of the Admiral who -is now Second-in-Command of the Home Fleet. Nelson had hours to make -up his mind before attacking his foe at the Nile, at Copenhagen, off -the Spanish coast, and at the 'crowning mercy' of Trafalgar. Jellicoe -will have ten minutes from the time that the best look-out man in his -Fleet first sights the enemy's Fleet through a modern telescope. -Nelson could sleep o' nights, undisturbed by wireless messages, -torpedo attack, submarines, floating mines or aeroplanes. - - * * * * * - -"The night before the great sea fight that will settle the future of -Europe and the British Empire for two centuries, it is improbable that -Jellicoe will lie down to sleep. Therefore it is obvious that he must -be a man of great vitality, physical fitness, and tranquil mind, or -the Government would never have placed eleven vice-admirals on the -shelf--or 'on the beach,' as they say in the Navy--in order that a -mere Second-in-Command of the Mediterranean Fleet should be lifted -over the heads of all the senior officers who stood between Jellicoe -and the command of England's Home Fleet." - - * * * * * - -On May 8th, the King visited Portsmouth to inspect his Fleet and -witness certain technical exercises and manoeuvres carried out. By -far the most interesting event was Commander Samson's flight in a -hydro-aeroplane. - -It was a wonderful performance, Commander Samson making his machine -perform the most astounding evolutions. Other members of the Air -Squadron gave superb exhibitions. The following day further remarkable -evolutions were performed on, under and above water. - -There followed a mimic naval battle between the "Red" Fleet under -Admiral Sir George Callaghan and the "Blue" under Vice-Admiral Sir -John Jellicoe, in which the "Blue" distinguished itself and "sank" and -captured a great number of "Reds." - -In July a Royal Commission was appointed to investigate and report on -the supply of oil fuel for the Navy, and Jellicoe was chosen as one of -the members of the Commission. Lord Fisher was Chairman. - -The significance of the appointment of this Commission was very great. -It meant that the Navy was again faced with a revolution. The result -of the investigations and the reports that were made we are now able -to learn and appreciate. - -In the fall of the year there were further changes made by the -Admiralty. Prince Louis of Battenberg succeeded Sir Francis Bridgeman -as First Sea Lord and Jellicoe was appointed as Second Sea Lord, which -practically put him in complete control at Whitehall. The greatest -satisfaction was caused in Naval circles by these changes. - -When Jellicoe gave up his command of the Second Squadron of the Home -Fleet he was given a great send-off by the ships assembled there and -the following signal was flown from the flagship: - -"The Rear-Admiral, Captains, Officers, and Ships' Companies of the -Second-Squadron express regret at the departure of the Vice-Admiral -and wish him every success in his new appointment." - -Jellicoe replied by signalling his thanks and wishing the Squadron all -prosperity. - -One of the first important steps taken by the new Sea Lord in 1913 was -to adopt the "Director" firing apparatus invented by Sir Percy Scott. -It was decided to supply all ships of the Dreadnought type with this -apparatus. - -It was with the _Thunderer_ and _Orion_ that trials were first of all -carried out, in the presence of Admiral Jellicoe and other naval -experts. - -The _Thunderer_ was built at the Thames Ironworks and fitted with the -"Director"; the _Orion_, a sister ship, was equipped with the -"fire-control" apparatus. - -The _Thunderer_ and _Orion_ are both of the same design and both cost -the same amount to build. - -The _Thunderer_, fitted with the "Director," at a target 10,000 yards -distant made eighty per cent. of hits. Such shooting as this was a -revelation; nothing like it had ever been dreamed of. It was four or -five times better practice than the _Orion_ could make fitted with the -"fire-control" system. It was better than any record made at 2,000 -yards in the gunlayer's tests. - -In simple language Sir Percy Scott's invention increased the hitting -power of a ship, at long range and in a heavy sea, by four hundred per -cent. - -With its aid a tremendous broadside can be fired from a Dreadnought. -The officer in charge of the "Director" has a special "cabin" or -"room" in the fore of the ship, from which he can control and fire -every gun. He can discover the exact range of the enemy, and the -precise elevation for the guns. Every operation is controlled by the -"Director"--excepting, of course, loading and cleaning the guns. - -The _Thunderer_ in 1913 could fire ten shells, each weighing 1,250 -lbs., in one broadside. Each shell has a penetrating power of 1 foot -at 10,000 yards. - -The _Iron Duke_, Admiral Jellicoe's flagship in 1914, can do even -better than this. - - - - -CHAPTER X - -SUPREME ADMIRAL OF THE HOME FLEETS - - -Nineteen hundred and thirteen was a very busy year for Sir John -Jellicoe. On May 16th he left England for Germany to attend the -wedding festivities of the Emperor's only daughter, Princess Victoria -Louise, who was to be married to Prince Ernest of Cumberland. - -Sir John and Lady Jellicoe were, curiously enough, the first English -guests to reach Berlin. The King and Queen of England left Sheerness -on the 20th on board the Royal Yacht _Victoria and Albert_, the -Duchess of Devonshire accompanying Her Majesty and Sir Frederick -Ponsonby and Sir Colin Keppel being Equerries in Waiting to the King. - -Berlin was _en f'te_ for over a week, and among those present at -Princess Victoria's wedding, besides our own Royal Family, were the -Czar of Russia, the Grand Duchess of Baden, the Duke and Duchess of -Cumberland, the Grand Duke of Hesse and ambassadors from nearly every -country in the world. - -Festivities commenced with a gala dinner given the day the Czar of -Russia arrived in Berlin. The following morning there was a luncheon -at the British Embassy in honour of King George and Queen Mary, at -which the Imperial Chancellor, the Ambassador in Berlin and Sir John -and Lady Jellicoe were among the principal guests. That same evening -there was a gala performance at the Opera. "Lohengrin" was performed -at the special request of Princess Victoria. - -The Opera House presented a wonderful appearance; from foyer to -ceiling it was decorated with red and white carnations, the outsides -of all the loges being turned into great banks of these flowers. Sir -John and Lady Jellicoe occupied one of the loges near the stage, where -the ambassadors, ministers and distinguished officers were seated. The -royal party not only filled the vast court box but overflowed into the -boxes at the back of the dress circle. There was, of course, a -brilliant display of uniforms and decorations, and against the -background of red and white carnations the colour scheme was -extraordinarily effective. - -Earlier in the day King George and Queen Mary entertained the English -Colony in Berlin, and the King made a short speech which is worth -quoting: - - "We are exceedingly happy to be the guests of the Sovereign of - this great nation in order to celebrate the marriage of two - young people which we pray may be fraught with every blessing. - Fostering and maintaining friendly relations between yourselves - and the people of this your adopted home you will help to - insure the peace of the world, the preservation of which is my - ardent desire as it was the principal aim of my dear father's - life." - -Sir John Jellicoe spent some little time in Berlin, where he made -himself exceedingly popular, being entertained by all the great -officers of State, the Army and Navy, including Admiral Von -Tirpitz--fated just a year later to be his great rival. But the -meeting between these two great men must have been interesting as we -may rest assured it was friendly. - -Jellicoe had the honour of dining with the Emperor at Potsdam, and on -May 20th he cruised for two hours in the Zeppelin airship _Hansa_ -accompanied by Captain Watson, the British Naval Attache in Berlin. - -Jellicoe returned to England in time to prepare for the naval -manoeuvres which commenced early in July. No manoeuvres which the -British Fleet has undertaken attracted so much attention or were -fraught with such vital issues as those of 1913. At the same time -there has never been so much mystery attached to the movements of the -ships or to the result of the mimic warfare which took place. - -There were six squadrons of battleships involved, two of them, the -Fourth and Sixth squadrons, being much below strength. There were ten -squadrons of cruisers and torpedo destroyers and submarine flotillas. -There were also mine layers and mine sweepers, and three aeroplanes -actively employed. - -Tests of fuel and its conveyance to any point necessary and its quick -transference to ships in action were carried out. - -By far the most important part of the manoeuvres was an attempt to -invade these shores and land a large force of men on them. For this -purpose the Fleet was divided into two parts. The Red or hostile Fleet -being under the command of Jellicoe and the Blue or defending Fleet -under Callaghan. - -The Red Fleet had not only to contend against a superior force, but -supposing her ships were able to defeat or avoid the defenders, she -still had the battleships, cruisers, destroyers and submarines waiting -for her at Sheerness, Harwich, Rosyth, Dundee and Cromarty. And -supposing she escaped the attentions of all these forces, the East -Coast from the North to the South was guarded by forces of Infantry -and mounted troops with their machine gun sections. Large forces -drawn from the Territorials were also said to be held in reserve -further inland. - -Criticising these manoeuvres before they took place, which is -obviously a dangerous thing to do, the critic in the _Evening -Standard_ of July 10th made the following announcement: - -"If Sir John Jellicoe, heavily handicapped, fails, as no doubt he is -meant to fail, we shall be told that this only proves how safe we are -against a raid in force or an invasion. Of course all it will prove is -that if you are allowed to arrange the terms beforehand, load the dice -in your own favour, you can win the game--especially when it is only a -game and the elements of accident, luck and human personality are -rigorously excluded. It will show that a raid might fail in certain -conditions ... and then no doubt we shall be informed by Ministers -that Britain is invulnerable against all assault; that we can all -sleep quietly in our beds under the protection of a sham Territorial -Army and a Navy proved to be of overwhelming superiority to any -possible foe. It is not a game of strategy that is being played, but a -game of politics. The German Admiralty will not be deceived, but -perhaps the British Electorate may be." - -Now what really happened when the manoeuvres commenced was a very -successful raid by the enemy on the Norfolk coast in which a portion -of the Blue Fleet was defeated. Jellicoe's next move was an attack on -the Humber and the capture of Grimsby and Immingham. Nearly 3,000 men -with their guns were landed. They seized the railway, and -commandeering trains they sent troops inland. The docks and wireless -stations were seized and Cleethorpes and New Holland were also taken. -This raid on the Humber was evidently a complete surprise to the -defenders. - -While this was taking place, the Red Fleet was scoring other successes -elsewhere. A cruiser and destroyers appeared off Sunderland with two -troopships from which over a thousand men were landed at the docks. -Blyth was also captured on the Northumberland coast, and a force of -infantry with a battery of 12-prs. was landed. - -Now these raids by the Red Fleet under Jellicoe were not just ordinary -manoeuvres. He struck just where he knew our enemies would try to -strike. He landed men and guns, captured railways, docks and wireless -stations; held the position which he captured and, when discovered by -the defending fleet, he either eluded or kept their ships at bay. -Perhaps the landing at Blyth was the most important, and the transport -_Rohilla_ was congratulated for the excellent work she did. - -Whatever those manoeuvres proved they undoubtedly proved that men -are greater than warships--and that Jellicoe is a very great man. It -was practically admitted that the defence had failed and had failed -through the brilliant strategy of Admiral Sir John Jellicoe. - -The full history of the naval manoeuvres of 1913 was never written. -The Press of course indulged in a wordy warfare, and the battles of -the Red and Blue were--on paper--fought over and over again. - -The men who knew most said nothing, and Jellicoe, a silent man, having -done his job, slipped out of the limelight, which he hates so keenly, -as quickly as possible. - -But very probably his successful raid on the Humber was responsible -for the crisis which occurred in the Cabinet when the Naval Estimates -came up for discussion early in the New Year. Mr. Winston Churchill, -who had been accused of not spending enough money on the Navy, was now -accused of wanting to spend too much. As a matter of fact Mr. -Churchill did not on behalf of the Admiralty put forward any new -proposals, but simply wished to carry out the policy which had already -been adopted by the Cabinet. The Admiralty had long ago decided that -it was necessary to have 60 per cent. superiority in Dreadnoughts over -the next greatest naval power to ours in place of the former two-power -standard. - -It was as early as February, 1914, that the name of Vice-Admiral Sir -John Jellicoe was mentioned as being the probable successor to Sir -George Callaghan as Commander-in-Chief of the Home Fleets. It was on -March 17th that Mr. Winston Churchill fought his battle in the Cabinet -on the Navy Estimates. The Board of Admiralty was with him, and he -received authority to ask Parliament to devote over L15,000,000 to new -naval construction--the largest sum that has ever been devoted to that -purpose. - -In July the test mobilization of our Fleets was carried out, the ships -passing His Majesty the King off the Nab lightship, seaplanes and -aeroplanes hovering high above them in the air, while submarines -slipped beneath the waters underneath. After the Review was over our -ships steamed up the Channel in order to carry out certain peace -exercises in manoeuvres, while a patrol flotilla was actively -employed in testing a scheme for sealing the exit which the Channel -makes to the North Sea. Less than a fortnight later the incredible -thing happened. - -Rumours of war, sudden, by the majority unexpected. - -Then war. - -It could not have happened at a more auspicious moment as far as the -British Navy was concerned. Sir John Jellicoe was appointed supreme -Admiral of the Home Fleets. Two destroyers building for Chile were -compulsorily purchased by the Admiralty as well as two battleships -just completed for Turkey. - -Drake's drums had rattled. - -England in her hour of need had found two great leaders--Jellicoe and -French at the head of her Navy and Army. And behind them two brilliant -Statesmen--Asquith and Churchill at the head of her people. - -What these four men have already done is history. What remains to be -done, and what they will do unflinchingly, no matter the cost, will, -we all know, make history. - -But it is only natural that we, the sons and daughters of the greatest -Empire the world has ever seen, who are left in our little sea-girt -isle, and strain our eyes through the mist and foam to those seas -beyond the North toward one man in whose keeping more than that of any -other man lies the destiny of our race; the fate perhaps not only of -our great Empire but of the world. - -Never before has silence spoken so eloquently as it spoke from the -North Sea when Jellicoe led our ships into her mists and storms. - - "Not unto us," - Cried Drake, "not unto us--but unto Him - Who made the sea, belongs our England now! - Pray God that heart and mind and soul we prove - Worthy among the nations of this hour." - - --_Alfred Noyes._ - - * * * * * - -That we shall prove worthy among the nations it is almost impossible -to doubt. With such leaders how could a people fail? - -With an Empire on which the sun never sets, and which has given men, -gold and even food to the Mother Country with a lavish hand, will not -her rich merchants as well as her poorer sons of the Mother Country -make as great sacrifices and show as much heroism as the sons of -France, of Russia and Belgium? - -We cannot doubt it. Though, after three months of the bloodiest -warfare the world has ever seen, several million young Englishmen were -still listening unmoved to the Drums of Drake--to the call of England, -their England, for men to defend her in her hour of danger yet we know -that, though slow to understand and hard to move, Englishmen, once -they have understood and once they have been moved, will be true to -themselves, their inheritance and their beloved little island. With -Henley they will cry with one voice and one soul: - - "England, My England-- - Take and break us: we are yours, - England my own! - Life is good, and joy runs high - Between English earth and sky: - Death is death; but we shall die - To the song on your bugles blown." - -And they will follow their devoted leaders into battle--French on the -land and Jellicoe on the wild North seas. - -And those who are left at home to carry on "business as usual," will -not they make some sacrifices too? - - -_Miller, Son, & Compy., Ltd., Printers, Fakenham and London._ - - - - - * * * * * - - - - -Transcriber's note: - -Archaic and inconsistent spelling and punctuation were retained. - - - -***END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK ADMIRAL JELLICOE*** - - -******* This file should be named 41109.txt or 41109.zip ******* - - -This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: -http://www.gutenberg.org/dirs/4/1/1/0/41109 - - - -Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions -will be renamed. - -Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no -one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation -(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without -permission and without paying copyright royalties. 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