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diff --git a/41104-h/41104-h.htm b/41104-h/41104-h.htm index ebdfbdc..3c1708d 100644 --- a/41104-h/41104-h.htm +++ b/41104-h/41104-h.htm @@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"> <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en" lang="en"> <head> - <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html;charset=iso-8859-1" /> + <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html;charset=UTF-8" /> <meta http-equiv="Content-Style-Type" content="text/css" /> <title> The Project Gutenberg eBook of The Amazing Argentine, by John Foster Fraser. @@ -194,46 +194,7 @@ em.gesperrt <body> - - -<pre> - -The Project Gutenberg EBook of The Amazing Argentine, by John Foster Fraser - -This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with -almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or -re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included -with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org/license - - -Title: The Amazing Argentine - A New Land of Enterprise - -Author: John Foster Fraser - -Release Date: October 18, 2012 [EBook #41104] - -Language: English - -Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1 - -*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE AMAZING ARGENTINE *** - - - - -Produced by Adrian Mastronardi, Matthias Grammel and the -Online Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net -(This file was produced from images generously made -available by The Internet Archive/American Libraries.) - - - - - - -</pre> - +<div>*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK 41104 ***</div> <div align="center"> <table border="0" cellpadding="0" width="700"> @@ -640,7 +601,7 @@ FROM PHOTOGRAPHS</span></p> <td align="right"><a href="#Page_256a">256</a></td> </tr> <tr> - <td align="left">The Longest Girder Bridge in the Republic, near Santa Fé</td> + <td align="left">The Longest Girder Bridge in the Republic, near Santa Fé</td> <td align="right"><a href="#Page_266a">266</a></td> </tr> </table> @@ -976,14 +937,14 @@ on the other side of the ocean, and they had done nothing to them since except an occasional smear of pink, blue or yellow colour-wash. Most of the place was in ruins; whole streets were literally choked -with débris, suggesting there had been a frightful +with débris, suggesting there had been a frightful earthquake, or that a revolutionary episode had perpetrated dire havoc. In fact, Pernambuco was in the throes of improvement. The first necessity of all these South American towns is not a system of drainage but an Avenida—a wide main thoroughfare with bedizened buildings on either side, and -cafés and bands and electric lights and motor-cars +cafés and bands and electric lights and motor-cars and a theatre. They have begun with a theatre. But the ways of Western civilisation have travelled so far because, instead of drama and opera being @@ -1040,8 +1001,8 @@ was baccarat, first for low stakes and then for high. There were two glib Yankee-Negro-Spaniards who had such luck that spectators shrugged shoulders and exchanged glances. In a single game they -netted £150, and one young Englishman was a loser -by £80.</p> +netted £150, and one young Englishman was a loser +by £80.</p> <p>From gambling at the tables one turned to talking about gambling in the country. The enormous @@ -1768,7 +1729,7 @@ maybe to a theatre, or to smoke a cigar in one of the clubs with men who are of account in Argentina or no account at all, or to spend a Sunday with an Argentine family; maybe to idle an hour -in one of the cafés; maybe to have a serious talk +in one of the cafés; maybe to have a serious talk with a Minister; maybe do nothing but idle round. That is no scientific way to study a city. But it just happens to be my way.</p> @@ -2103,7 +2064,7 @@ receiving bribes; all the advantages the Argentine has he owes to foreigners; he produces nothing himself; he is shallow and shiftless; the only business instinct he has is cunning, and the old Spanish -<i>mañana</i> spirit—always putting off till to-morrow the +<i>mañana</i> spirit—always putting off till to-morrow the performance of a business duty—is deep seated." All of which shows how impossible it is to draw a composite picture of an individual to represent a @@ -2278,7 +2239,7 @@ that had only to be scratched to yield excellent crops of cereals; but without transport values are at a minimum. Accordingly, the development and prosperity of the Argentine is mainly due to railways. -The sum of £300,000,000 British capital is invested +The sum of £300,000,000 British capital is invested in Argentine railways and electric tramways.</p> <p>I travelled a good deal in the Republic, from @@ -2445,15 +2406,15 @@ As a rule, out in the far districts, a railway company can get the necessary land for nothing. Owners are willing to make financial contributions. The general managers of the big British railways in -Argentina get large salaries—£7,000 a year. This is +Argentina get large salaries—£7,000 a year. This is partly to remove them from the range of temptation of being bribed by owners, syndicates, or land companies to authorise the making of railways where they would not be economically advisable. Of course, extensions near the big towns cost the railways as much as they would in England. I know a man who -thirty years ago bought a piece of land for £1,600. -He sold it to a railway company for over £200,000.</p> +thirty years ago bought a piece of land for £1,600. +He sold it to a railway company for over £200,000.</p> <p>Though foreign capital is having so extensive a run in networking the country with railways, the @@ -2606,10 +2567,10 @@ there is neither sufficient population to cultivate nor railways to carry. Within the next dozen years there must inevitably be a further spurt in the making of feeding or auxiliary lines. Something like -£20,000,000 a year is crossing the ocean for fresh +£20,000,000 a year is crossing the ocean for fresh railway enterprises in Argentina. Nearly 40,000,000 tons of goods are carried over the lines each year, -and the receipts are something like £25,000,000 +and the receipts are something like £25,000,000 annually. And yet but a fragment of the harvest of this new land is being garnered. Its untrodden millions of acres await new railways to open up @@ -2645,7 +2606,7 @@ his industry, has a long and rough road to travel before he reaches independence as a landed proprietor. It is a hard land in which to start making a fortune; but the man of money who can step into -the Republic, say, with £25,000 to play with, and +the Republic, say, with £25,000 to play with, and who invests judiciously, can double his capital in three years.</p> @@ -2953,8 +2914,8 @@ to drought, and this and other evils have to be taken into consideration when reviewing the agricultural growth of a country like Argentina, which lives by its produce, and which in 1912 exported -£36,000,000 worth of live-stock products and -£53,000,000 worth of agricultural products. Given +£36,000,000 worth of live-stock products and +£53,000,000 worth of agricultural products. Given good years, the <i>estanciero</i> in average country makes 30 per cent. on the year. He can afford to have one bad year in three and yet be prosperous. But @@ -3055,7 +3016,7 @@ of progress.</p> <p>It is well to mark that of the British food supply from overseas Argentina provides one quarter. Each person in the Republic, after providing enough food -to supply himself, sends at least £8 worth of food +to supply himself, sends at least £8 worth of food to other countries.</p> <p>Argentina covers 776 million acres. Eighty @@ -3109,7 +3070,7 @@ States. There are sturdy old fellows, who can hardly write their names, who scarcely know the extent of their wealth. Fifty years ago an Irish labourer landed in the country. He died the other -day worth over £4,000,000.</p> +day worth over £4,000,000.</p> <p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_64a" id="Page_64a"></a></span></p> @@ -3146,15 +3107,15 @@ have been such enormous heaves in values, not fictitiously hoisted, but legitimate on development of commerce, as in this Republic. In 1885 you could buy land in the centre of Buenos Aires at -2s. 6d. a square yard. Now you must pay £200 a +2s. 6d. a square yard. Now you must pay £200 a yard. A suburban plot of 60 by 20 yards, which -you could have got twelve years ago for £5, will -cost £150. Fine camp land—the "camp" is the +you could have got twelve years ago for £5, will +cost £150. Fine camp land—the "camp" is the Argentine name for farming districts—which could be got for a song a quarter of a century ago will -now fetch £100,000 the square league (three miles). +now fetch £100,000 the square league (three miles). I know a plot of land at Rosario which has jumped -in value from £2,000 to £40,000 in twenty years.</p> +in value from £2,000 to £40,000 in twenty years.</p> <p>It is easy to understand how Argentine millionaires are made. In the wars with neighbouring @@ -3187,7 +3148,7 @@ The show was finer housed than any royal show in England, and the quality of the exhibits was quite on a level with anything we can produce. The prize bull, Argentine bred, was sold by auction for over -£7,000. Admitted this was a fancy price due to +£7,000. Admitted this was a fancy price due to the rivalry of breeders to have the best and to boast about it. A thousand pounds has been paid by a meat company for a Hereford bull to kill; but this @@ -3225,9 +3186,9 @@ life, and the employees have little of the pleasures of civilisation.</p> <p>Within the last ten years the export value of -live stock products has increased from £23,000,000 -to £36,000,000, and agricultural products from -£21,000,000 to £53,000,000. Since 1896 the area +live stock products has increased from £23,000,000 +to £36,000,000, and agricultural products from +£21,000,000 to £53,000,000. Since 1896 the area under cultivation has grown from 13 million acres to nearly 50 million acres. Of Argentine cereals the United Kingdom imported 1,654,000 tons. There @@ -3236,9 +3197,9 @@ sheep. The breeding of sheep is not what it was, because the Argentine finds he can get a better return from cattle and cereals. So, whilst the value of exported mutton remains very much what it was -ten years ago (about £1,250,000), the value of the +ten years ago (about £1,250,000), the value of the exported chilled and frozen beef has risen from -£1,500,000 to over £6,000,000 a year.</p> +£1,500,000 to over £6,000,000 a year.</p> <p>At the ports are big slaughtering establishments, some belonging to Argentine companies, and others @@ -3339,7 +3300,7 @@ of exported frozen meat. It was in 1877 that the Republic led the way in exporting such meat to Europe. It was not till 1885, however, that the business of freezing was definitely established. To-day -£11,000,000 is invested in "freezing works." +£11,000,000 is invested in "freezing works." And millions of cattle and sheep are slaughtered for foreign consumption. There seems to be something <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_71" id="Page_71">[Pg 97]</a></span> @@ -3414,7 +3375,7 @@ franchised electors, and those from outside are nominated by the provincial legislatures. A senator must be thirty years of age, must have been a citizen of the Republic for at least six years, and have a -personal income of £160 a year. A senator is elected +personal income of £160 a year. A senator is elected for nine years, and can offer himself for re-election. But every three years ten senators of the thirty, decided by ballot, must retire, though they can be @@ -3438,7 +3399,7 @@ election, but there is a constant movement going on to secure the proper representation of the people.</p> <p>Both senators and deputies receive a salary of -£1,500 a year, so they are the best-paid legislators +£1,500 a year, so they are the best-paid legislators in the world. Both Chambers meet on May 1st and adjourn on September 30th. Only the Chamber of Deputies can have a voice in taxation. As I have @@ -4547,7 +4508,7 @@ property to be looked after is extensive. Though for food there is plenty of beef and mutton, there is little variety. The men are out by four in the morning, and breakfast is often no more than biscuits, -washed down with maté (native tea). There +washed down with maté (native tea). There is a solid meal about eleven o'clock, generally boiled meat, by no means always attractively served. After dark, between seven and eight o'clock, there @@ -4669,7 +4630,7 @@ are certain things in Europe, be they mineral waters, or field-glasses, or razors, which are well known. It is possible to get the real thing in Buenos Aires, but it is six to one you get a faked article. The -Argentines fake French wines of well known <i>châteaux</i>. +Argentines fake French wines of well known <i>châteaux</i>. You pay a big price expecting to get a good cigar, and more likely than not you get a brand with a well-imitated band. All the well-known Scotch @@ -4831,7 +4792,7 @@ go out under a three- or a five-years' contract to some post. A lad is a stranger in a strange land, and has yet to pick up Spanish. He naturally consorts with his own countrymen. They dine together; -they meet in the same café; they belong to the +they meet in the same café; they belong to the same club; they seek their pleasures together. It is very hard for a fellow under such circumstances to become quick with the language, or extend his @@ -4895,13 +4856,13 @@ who go into the railway service, into the offices of great English firms, into banks. They get better paid in Argentina, but living is three times as heavy as at home. Take the case of a young friend of -mine. He had a situation in England at £200, and, +mine. He had a situation in England at £200, and, with his amusements, he had but little left over. -He got a situation in Argentina at £700 a year. +He got a situation in Argentina at £700 a year. Living, more or less in similar style to the way he -did at home, cost him £400 a year. But he had -£300 a year over, and that was not £300 a year in -Argentine value, but £300 a year in English value, +did at home, cost him £400 a year. But he had +£300 a year over, and that was not £300 a year in +Argentine value, but £300 a year in English value, because he was investing it for the time when he would return to his native land.</p> @@ -4916,7 +4877,7 @@ country. They come to men who have colossal finance to manipulate. To the great financier Argentina can give untold wealth. There are, of course, cases of men who started with nothing, -and can now give their wives a £20,000 necklace. +and can now give their wives a £20,000 necklace. But to the man who lands in Argentina with nothing but his muscle, or a salaried job, although his position will be improved, and he can save more than @@ -5168,7 +5129,7 @@ and integrity. They are the guests of the Society. They are provided with first class return tickets, are entertained at the best hotel for three weeks, have many courtesies piled on them, and each receives -£30 as out-of-pocket expenses. So keen are some +£30 as out-of-pocket expenses. So keen are some Argentine breeders to gain the coveted ribbon that I have heard of their sending special representatives to travel on the boat from Southampton to Buenos @@ -5215,7 +5176,7 @@ their race-courses. Out on the prairies, if there is no race-course, the men at the <i>estancias</i> mark out a track and race against each other's horses on Sunday afternoons. An eye is kept on the famous -European race-horses, and as much as £40,000 has +European race-horses, and as much as £40,000 has been paid for a great winner, so that he may be <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_123" id="Page_123">[Pg 123]</a></span> used for stud purposes. The breeding of thoroughbreds @@ -5244,7 +5205,7 @@ is the reward for Argentina's being the first country to export chilled and frozen meat to Europe. This was as far back as 1877, though it was not until 1885 that the first freezing works were established. -To-day something like £11,000,000, mostly English +To-day something like £11,000,000, mostly English and United States capital, is sunk in Argentine freezing houses. England is the largest consumer. But though the quantity imported is enormous, it @@ -5297,7 +5258,7 @@ greater care taken in these slaughter-houses of Argentina in the case of chilled and frozen meat than is usually taken at home in providing the "roast beef of old England." The carcases are placed -in a chilling chamber, 34° Fahr., for twenty-four +in a chilling chamber, 34° Fahr., for twenty-four hours. Then they are cut in two, each side wrapped in a cloth, and taken into the refrigerator compartments on board a steamer. Should the investigation @@ -5462,7 +5423,7 @@ only three-fifths of the beasts sold in Buenos Aires, the rest going to the slaughter-yards attached to the freezing houses. These animals are not reared only in the province of Buenos Aires. Other provinces -supply cattle, Cordoba, Santa Fé, Entre Rios, +supply cattle, Cordoba, Santa Fé, Entre Rios, Corrientes, and further afield.</p> <p>One of the most instructive places is the sheep @@ -5585,7 +5546,7 @@ it one of the most prosperous lands, with a big part to play in providing food for the world. To-day 95 per cent. of its stock and produce is carried over some part of the 20,000 miles of line representing -nearly £200,000,000 of British capital.</p> +nearly £200,000,000 of British capital.</p> <p>I remember riding in a coach attached to a freight train across some hundreds of miles of sand @@ -5751,11 +5712,11 @@ of rails are only sufficient to permit the cultivation of 70,000,000 acres, how many will be necessary when nearly 300,000,000 more acres are being worked? At present about 1,000 miles of fresh railroad are -being laid down each year. £20,000,000 a year is +being laid down each year. £20,000,000 a year is being put into new railroad construction. Yet thirty years ago (1884) the total amount invested in Argentine railways—now running into hundreds of millions—was -only £18,600,000. In 1885 all the railways in +only £18,600,000. In 1885 all the railways in the Republic transported cargo amounting to a little over 3,000,000 tons. In 1905 it was over 12,500,000 tons. In 1913 it was moving toward @@ -5831,9 +5792,9 @@ railways for the year ending June 13th, 1913 (the Central Argentine, the Great Southern, the Buenos Aires and Pacific, and the Western of Buenos Aires). During the year the four companies expended -in additional capital £8,870,639, and the earnings -were £9,017,944, so that the investing public extracted -only £147,305, which is not a large draft +in additional capital £8,870,639, and the earnings +were £9,017,944, so that the investing public extracted +only £147,305, which is not a large draft <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_141" id="Page_141">[Pg 141]</a></span> in return for the hundreds of millions invested. The manner in which the earnings are thrown back into @@ -5956,7 +5917,7 @@ line runs to three up-river ports, Rosario, Villa Constitucion and Campana, where there are wide wharves and grain elevators. A goods tonnage of nearly 7,000,000 a year and receipts of nearly -£3,500,000 a year spell big business. Yet one found +£3,500,000 a year spell big business. Yet one found this was only the beginning of things. Already there are gigantic schemes in project for irrigation works in those stretches which are incapable of use @@ -5969,26 +5930,26 @@ All of them are attending to irrigation themselves, or are doing the work for the Government. The Central Argentine, on behalf of the Government, have an irrigation scheme on hand which will cost -close upon £600,000. New lines and extensions up +close upon £600,000. New lines and extensions up to a further 1,600 miles are projected to cost <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_145" id="Page_145">[Pg 145]</a></span> -£8,000,000. Over 35,000 employees are on this +£8,000,000. Over 35,000 employees are on this line. The length of rolling stock is 143 miles, including 600 passenger coaches and 2,200 beds. Twenty million passengers are carried a year, and -the total receipts work out at £40 a week per mile.</p> +the total receipts work out at £40 a week per mile.</p> <p>The second big railway which attracted my admiration was the Buenos Aires and Pacific, which strikes westward across the continent. The company was formed as recently as 1882, but it has a -present capital of over £50,500,000. It owns 1,406 +present capital of over £50,500,000. It owns 1,406 miles, it leases 2,011 miles, and so operates 3,417 miles. Some 150 miles are under construction. It has over 16,000,000 passengers annually, and over 6,000,000 tons of freight; and its gross earnings in the last financial year (July 1912 to June 1913) -were £5,590,613. During the last ten years it has +were £5,590,613. During the last ten years it has absorbed a number of lesser lines—the Villa Maria Rufino, the Bahia Blanca and North-Western, the Great Western, and, lastly, the Argentine Transandine. @@ -6097,12 +6058,12 @@ train, but it can easily be reached by coach or mule from Inca. It stands some 3,000 feet higher than Las Cuevas, and is situated on the dividing line between Argentina and Chili. It was the -gift of a pious Buenos Aires lady, Señora César +gift of a pious Buenos Aires lady, Señora César de Costa, and was erected as a monument to the signing of the peace treaty between the two countries.</p> -<p>The Pacific Railway has expended over £80,000 +<p>The Pacific Railway has expended over £80,000 in snow protection for their line during the past two years, with the result that through traffic can be maintained throughout the severest winter with @@ -6175,13 +6136,13 @@ Company.</p> of the oldest and one of the most famous lines on the South American continent. From "B.A." it extends southwards for 500 miles to Bahia Blanca. From -there it shoots westwards for 348 miles to Neuquén, +there it shoots westwards for 348 miles to Neuquén, and an extension to the Chilian frontier is on its way. On behalf of the Government the company is carrying forward extensive irrigation works in -the Neuquén territory which, when completed, will +the Neuquén territory which, when completed, will convert the valleys of the upper Rio Negro and -Rio Neuquén, hitherto one of the least productive, +Rio Neuquén, hitherto one of the least productive, into one of the most fertile regions of the country. The growth of the company, since it started in 1865 with a length of 71 miles, is worth noting. @@ -6254,7 +6215,7 @@ the freezing establishments for export to England in the form of frozen or chilled meat, is dispatched from southern stations. The bull that obtained the championship in 1913 at Palermo, and fetched -the world-record price of £7,000, was born on Señor +the world-record price of £7,000, was born on Señor <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_152" id="Page_152">[Pg 152]</a></span> Pereyra Iraola's estate at Pereyra station on the Great Southern Railway.</p> @@ -6264,14 +6225,14 @@ Great Southern Railway in the Province of Buenos Aires is adaptable to the growing of cereals generally, with the exception of maize, which is limited to the districts nearest Buenos Aires. The authorised -capital of the Southern is £53,525,530, and -that issued amounts to £48,981,530. The net receipts -for 1913 (June 30th) amounted to £2,870,349, and +capital of the Southern is £53,525,530, and +that issued amounts to £48,981,530. The net receipts +for 1913 (June 30th) amounted to £2,870,349, and the dividend for the year was 7 per cent., which has been maintained for the last fifteen years, being, indeed, as high as the law will permit. The company's rolling stock, comprising some 15,000 vehicles, -was recently valued at £7,437,654. The general +was recently valued at £7,437,654. The general manager of the company is Mr. Percy Clarke, the doyen amongst English railway officials in Argentina, and a man of charming personality.</p> @@ -6299,8 +6260,8 @@ effected by this company has been the purchase by the Cordoba Central Railway of the undertakings of the Cordoba and Rosario and Cordoba Central Buenos Aires Extension Lines; and the proposal at -the time of writing is to create £23,000,000 worth of -new stock, whilst £18,000,000 worth is to be issued +the time of writing is to create £23,000,000 worth of +new stock, whilst £18,000,000 worth is to be issued to the holders of existing stock in the three companies. A good deal of reorganisation is in progress.</p> @@ -6461,23 +6422,23 @@ Club, of which most of the members are Englishmen.</p> <p>An evidence of the prosperity of Rosario is the way in which land has increased in value. Plots which in 1885 could have been bought for 2s. 6d. -a yard now fetch £200 a yard. On the outskirts +a yard now fetch £200 a yard. On the outskirts of the town, where a few years back a bit of land on which to build a residence—say twenty yards by -sixty yards—could have been obtained for £5, it -cannot be obtained to-day for less than £150. I +sixty yards—could have been obtained for £5, it +cannot be obtained to-day for less than £150. I saw one stretch on the river front which was bought -twenty years ago for £2,000 and sold last year for -£40,000. Twenty miles from Rosario camp land +twenty years ago for £2,000 and sold last year for +£40,000. Twenty miles from Rosario camp land which a dozen years ago could have been obtained -for £10,000 the square league is not allowed to change -hands to-day for less than £100,000 the square league.</p> +for £10,000 the square league is not allowed to change +hands to-day for less than £100,000 the square league.</p> <p>With nightfall the Rosario people give themselves up to pleasure. Attached to the big hotel there is a huge saloon, and whilst men play dominoes and cards, music is provided by a band composed of -Austrian girls. There is a great <i>café chantant</i>, and +Austrian girls. There is a great <i>café chantant</i>, and every night hundreds of people, men and their wives, sit at the little tables having meals, or partaking of beverages, whilst a band plays and comic singers @@ -6530,7 +6491,7 @@ would enthral an artist.</p> ancient city. But as living beneath the sun brings early old age to men and women, so cities which have had a few centuries of constant sun glare get -a drowsy mediævalism which sister cities in more +a drowsy mediævalism which sister cities in more temperate climes must have long ages to acquire. The aroma of the Church and of scholasticism permeates Cordoba. In many respects it is quite @@ -6609,14 +6570,14 @@ him that we have very few statues of Wellington in England.</p> <p>The Cordobians are fond of music and racing and -gambling, and sitting in the cafés throwing the dice-box. +gambling, and sitting in the cafés throwing the dice-box. There is a delightful theatre, the Rivera Indarte, built by the provincial Government. Opera companies which go to Buenos Aires are invited to come to Cordoba, and the authorities give a guarantee against loss. The proper thing is to buy a box, holding six persons, for the little season of -ten performances. The cost of such a box is £150. +ten performances. The cost of such a box is £150. The charge is a dollar for the <i>entrada</i> (entrance), which provides nothing except permission to enter the building. This <i>entrada</i> charge is like the charge @@ -6780,7 +6741,7 @@ charge" is popular. Everybody knows exactly how much the outing is going to cost. At ten o'clock a train thronged with holiday-makers sets out for Alta Gracia. By eleven o'clock the place is reached. -At noon there is <i>déjeuner</i>. The afternoon can be +At noon there is <i>déjeuner</i>. The afternoon can be spent lounging about, listening to the band, playing golf, playing tennis, gambling in the casino, taking walks in the wooded hills. At seven o'clock is @@ -7040,7 +7001,7 @@ kind of refreshment in an out-of-the-way part of the world? A sad-faced girl gave us a curtsy and waited our orders whilst we stretched our legs beneath an orange tree. Now what had she to offer -in the way of refreshment? The señors could +in the way of refreshment? The señors could have what they wished. I inquired about champagne. Certainly! But who on earth could want champagne on the edge of the world out there? @@ -7057,10 +7018,10 @@ valley. The little two-year-old son of the dead man had a stick, and was chasing some ducks toward the brook; he was radiantly happy. We commiserated with the old man. He thanked the -señors and hoped the wine was as we wished. He +señors and hoped the wine was as we wished. He did not know why his son died; the sweet Mother in Heaven knew; anyway, he had gone; could he -get the señor another chair, for that he was sitting +get the señor another chair, for that he was sitting on could not be comfortable?</p> <p>Back to Alta Gracia. Some of our friends had @@ -7190,7 +7151,7 @@ wheat to be devoured—caught them in their hands.</p> <p>We tramped through the dimly lit village and heard the songs of Spain and Italy streaming from -the cafés. We saw the crowd of merry-makers +the cafés. We saw the crowd of merry-makers packing into the train to return to Cordoba. And when the train, a streak of light, had snorted into the blackness till in the distance it appeared like a @@ -7347,7 +7308,7 @@ hours. Being a place of yesterday's growth all the newest appliances are to be found, including thirty electric cranes, powerful tugs, floating grain elevators. Indeed, the Southern company admit to an expenditure -on the port of £2,000,000.</p> +on the port of £2,000,000.</p> <p>But the port made by the Buenos Aires and Pacific Railway Company, Puerto Galvan, occupying a @@ -7738,8 +7699,8 @@ provides for the establishment of agricultural banks and the erection of warehouses to receive produce as a pledge against cash advances.</p> -<p>It is reckoned that between £8,000,000 and -£9,000,000 is necessary to set the scheme on its +<p>It is reckoned that between £8,000,000 and +£9,000,000 is necessary to set the scheme on its legs, and the idea is that the State should find half the money and private capital provide the other half.</p> @@ -7812,7 +7773,7 @@ of the country suitable for cultivation has been broken by the plough. The value of the principal products of Argentine agriculture, wheat, maize, oats and linseed, for 1913 is estimated at something -over £80,000,000.</p> +over £80,000,000.</p> <p>One strong advantage Argentina has is that the crops are spread over an extensive area. They are @@ -7899,7 +7860,7 @@ whilst Roumania has 23 bushels and France 20 bushels to the acre. There is not the slightest doubt that with improved conditions of cultivation Argentina can do much better than she is doing. The United -Kingdom is now purchasing over £30,000,000 worth +Kingdom is now purchasing over £30,000,000 worth of foodstuffs a year from the Argentine. Indeed, the Republic supplies us with a quarter of the food <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_194" id="Page_194">[Pg 194]</a></span> @@ -7922,7 +7883,7 @@ but it is not every colonist who knows why this plant occupies such a high place amongst feeding stuffs. Alfalfa is easily grown, very strong when established, and, provided its roots can get to water, -will go on growing for years. The <i>raison d'être</i> for +will go on growing for years. The <i>raison d'être</i> for growing alfalfa is the feeding of cattle and preparing them for market, and for this purpose a league of alfalfa (6,177 acres metric measurement) @@ -8027,12 +7988,12 @@ the situation of the land, and whether labour is plentiful. But, says Mr. Ogilvie, we will imagine the intrinsic value of the undeveloped land to be <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_197" id="Page_197">[Pg 197]</a></span> -£4,000, upon which, under existing conditions, it +£4,000, upon which, under existing conditions, it would be possible to keep 1,000 head of animals, whereas if this same land were under alfalfa 3,000 to 3,500 animals could be fattened thereon, and -the land would have increased in value to £20,000 -or £30,000. To improve the undeveloped land it +the land would have increased in value to £20,000 +or £30,000. To improve the undeveloped land it must be worked, and the plan usually adopted is to let the land to colonists who have had experience in the class of work. Colonists usually undertake @@ -8218,7 +8179,7 @@ made for Abdul Hamid, the deposed Sultan of Turkey. Owing to political upheaval in Turkey they were never delivered, because there was no one prepared to pay for them. Mendoza made a -bid and bought them for £5,000. Broad roads +bid and bought them for £5,000. Broad roads through this lovely domain, leading through avenues of trees and past radiant flower gardens, make the Western Park beloved of Mendozians. There is a @@ -8312,17 +8273,17 @@ for public works. Of course, there is the usual boom in land values. In 1909 the estimated value of property in the province (vineyards, orchards, cultivated and uncultivated land, and buildings) was a -little over £50,000,000. Up to July 31st, 1913, +little over £50,000,000. Up to July 31st, 1913, property had increased in value to well over -£70,000,000. This is creditable for a population +£70,000,000. This is creditable for a population of 260,000.</p> <p>In no other province in the Republic has there been so much land sold as in Mendoza. From 1909 to 1912 inclusive transactions in land represented -a turnover of £37,000,000. In the neighbourhood +a turnover of £37,000,000. In the neighbourhood of Mendoza City land is as dear as close -to Buenos Aires, rising to £2 a metre (3.28 feet). +to Buenos Aires, rising to £2 a metre (3.28 feet). In 1909 193,061 hectares (hectare = 2.47 acres) was under cultivation. Now there are 330,000 hectares. Development is not restricted to the neighbourhood @@ -8362,8 +8323,8 @@ is San Rafael. Twenty-five years ago the only flourishing product was the Indian; and you could have bought quantities of land at twopence a hectare. To-day ordinary uncultivated land with water rights -is worth from £140 to £160 per hectare. Cultivated -vineyards are worth from £600 to £650 per hectare, +is worth from £140 to £160 per hectare. Cultivated +vineyards are worth from £600 to £650 per hectare, according to class. Till 1903 San Rafael had no railway connection with anywhere. The journey to Mendoza, which is now done in half a dozen @@ -8440,7 +8401,7 @@ it never has an opportunity to mature. Again, the wine is cheap; and it would never suit the wealthy Argentines if they were seen drinking anything but expensive foreign wine. I did taste some wine with -delightful bouquet, such as that of the Château +delightful bouquet, such as that of the Château Norton; but, as it is the crowd which drinks the wine, it cannot be said that the average quality of native produce is high. With such piled-up orders @@ -8467,7 +8428,7 @@ Many of the vineyards are quite small. Two and a half acres (one hectare) will grow between three and four hundredweight of grapes, which can be looked after by one man, and ought, in an ordinary season, -to yield an income of about £100. A family with a +to yield an income of about £100. A family with a small holding of four or five hectares can live most comfortably. In 1913 the province produced 592,969,670 kilos (kilo = 2.20 lb.). Of this 399,517,099 @@ -8525,7 +8486,7 @@ zigzag across the country, and the cultivator pays a small sum for his supply. These works fertilise over a million acres of land. Irrigated land has bounced in value. Waterless land which could have -been obtained for £1 a hectare now fetches twenty, +been obtained for £1 a hectare now fetches twenty, or even thirty times as much. This has emboldened the Government into making contracts for several million dollars for the damming of smaller rivers, @@ -8817,7 +8778,7 @@ repair of the line. They jumped aside whilst the train trundled by.</p> <p>Then came a dip, with a great open, verdurous -cañon in front of us. The steam of the engine was +cañon in front of us. The steam of the engine was shut off, and the train seemed to free-wheel into the valley. We jumped and rocked and curved in the most exciting way. There was no protecting @@ -9033,7 +8994,7 @@ the daylight, and so perhaps there was a little nervousness in making the journey down through the valleys in the blackness. In the front of the engine was a great searchlight. So we went groaning and rocking, -with the whistle of the engine shrieking in the cañons, +with the whistle of the engine shrieking in the cañons, on our way back to Mendoza. Once there was a violent jerk when the engine was brought almost to a standstill, for some cattle had strayed upon the @@ -10098,7 +10059,7 @@ which we are so familiar at home.</p> to be a gorgeous thoroughfare one of these days. There is a casino, a theatre (the Odeon), a palace for the bishop, barracks, a hospital, a brewery which -cost £250,000 to build, and a "Savoy Hotel," where +cost £250,000 to build, and a "Savoy Hotel," where there was on sale whisky "as drunk in the House of Lords," and where one's admiration was only checked by finding the telephone system defective.</p> @@ -10180,10 +10141,10 @@ brick-kilns, and although possessed of a door, were deficient in windows. The interior was dark, but most of the family spend their time out of doors under the trees, where they have their fires -and prepare maté, the native tea, which is served +and prepare maté, the native tea, which is served in a shell and sucked through a tube. Whenever the natives have nothing else to do you are sure -to find them drinking maté.</p> +to find them drinking maté.</p> <p>Around Tucuman are twenty-five sugar mills, and it is reckoned they produce 200,000 tons of @@ -10221,7 +10182,7 @@ the refinery. Much of it is spilt, and the men are up to their boots in sugar. But the bags are quickly filled, pushed on one side, sewn up, hastened on lorries to waiting carts, which, when loaded, convey -the freight to the railway wagons close by. Señor +the freight to the railway wagons close by. Señor Nouges told me that at that time his firm was turning out 175 tons of sugar a day.</p> @@ -10546,8 +10507,8 @@ This might mean a temporary loss in revenue by checking imports; but compensation would come through the success of the home industry. At the present time Argentina exports in raw wool over -£10,000,000 worth annually. She imports woollen -goods worth nearly £3,000,000. Her imports are +£10,000,000 worth annually. She imports woollen +goods worth nearly £3,000,000. Her imports are increasing and her export of raw material decreasing. In ten years the latter fell considerably in actual bulk, through the rush to make quicker money @@ -10593,13 +10554,13 @@ equivalent to the paper money in circulation. Indeed, the National Conversion Office, the National Bank of Argentina, the London and River Plate Bank and other banks had in June, 1913, an accumulation -of gold amounting to £67,188,039. The +of gold amounting to £67,188,039. The gold in the Caja de Conversion began with the -insignificant sum of £568 on December 31st, 1902; -in 1904 it was just over £10,000,000; the next +insignificant sum of £568 on December 31st, 1902; +in 1904 it was just over £10,000,000; the next <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_264" id="Page_264">[Pg 264]</a></span> -year it was up to over £18,000,000, and on June -30th, 1913, it was £53,306,866.</p> +year it was up to over £18,000,000, and on June +30th, 1913, it was £53,306,866.</p> <p>Argentina has a number of well-established banks, affording many facilities for the development of @@ -10640,21 +10601,21 @@ much upon one source of wealth.</p> <p>Although travellers in the Republic usually visit Rosario, it is seldom they devote much time to studying the full capabilities of the province of Santa -Fé, of which Rosario is the chief town. Yet Santa -Fé and Corrientes to the north, and Entre Rios to +Fé, of which Rosario is the chief town. Yet Santa +Fé and Corrientes to the north, and Entre Rios to the east, deserve much more than passing recognition.</p> -<p>Though in the north of Santa Fé, towards the +<p>Though in the north of Santa Fé, towards the region of the Chaco, there are thick forests, the southern part is treeless, except for the ombu, and is a plain with rich pasturage and soil. Along the side of the province runs the Parana River, which can be ascended by flat-bottomed stern wheel vessels for many hundreds of miles; and from ports like -those of Santa Fé and Villa Constitucion much +those of Santa Fé and Villa Constitucion much agricultural produce in maize, wheat, linseed, and barley are dispatched. The sugar industry is gradually -creeping into Santa Fé province. Nearly fifty +creeping into Santa Fé province. Nearly fifty flour mills have been erected, and there are also sawmills, meat preserving factories, and works for quebracho extracts. Though railways are penetrating @@ -10712,11 +10673,11 @@ as a drinking bowl.</p> <table border="0" cellpadding="0" width="700"> <tr> <td align="center"><img src="./images/illus-373.jpg" width="700" - alt="THE LONGEST GIRDER BRIDGE IN THE REPUBLIC, NEAR SANTA FÉ."></img></td> + alt="THE LONGEST GIRDER BRIDGE IN THE REPUBLIC, NEAR SANTA FÉ."></img></td> </tr> <tr> <td align="center" valign="top"> - <span style="font-size:.9em">THE LONGEST GIRDER BRIDGE IN THE REPUBLIC, NEAR SANTA FÉ.</span> + <span style="font-size:.9em">THE LONGEST GIRDER BRIDGE IN THE REPUBLIC, NEAR SANTA FÉ.</span> </td> </tr> </table> @@ -10807,7 +10768,7 @@ the meat for extract. The first exportation of 80 lbs. was in 1865, and it was sent to Germany.</p> <p>The Bovril company, in Entre Rios and the adjoining -province of Santa Fé, have nearly half a million +province of Santa Fé, have nearly half a million acres of freehold and a quarter of a million acres of leasehold land. On their estates they have about 150,000 cattle. Most of the cattle are of the Durham @@ -11018,7 +10979,7 @@ voice in many of the most important railway concerns.</p> <p>In the Brazilian Chamber of Deputies in December -of 1913, Señor Pedro Moacyr questioned whether, +of 1913, Señor Pedro Moacyr questioned whether, even should the United States spare Brazil the fate meted out to Colombia, in regard to setting up the baby Republic of Panama so that the North Americans @@ -11027,7 +10988,7 @@ accept the tutelage over Latin America which President Wilson, improving on the imperialism of Mr. Roosevelt himself, and yet further accentuating the disquieting deviations of the Monroe Doctrine, had -proclaimed? What it came to was, said Señor +proclaimed? What it came to was, said Señor Moacyr, "that the Latin Republics are no longer to have the right to grant to foreigners such concessions and privileges as it may suit them to grant, and, @@ -11547,7 +11508,7 @@ citizens.</p> <br /> <span class="smcap">Dairying</span>, Regional Schools in, <a href="#Page_60">60</a><br /> <br /> - <span class="smcap">De Costa</span>, Señora César, and statue of Christ, <a href="#Page_148">148</a><br /> + <span class="smcap">De Costa</span>, Señora César, and statue of Christ, <a href="#Page_148">148</a><br /> <br /> <span class="smcap">De Guzman</span>, Ruy Diaz, and introduction of horses, <a href="#Page_49">49</a><br /> <br /> @@ -11738,7 +11699,7 @@ citizens.</p> <br /> <span class="smcap">Italy</span> and frozen meat, <a href="#Page_127">127</a>, <a href="#Page_133">133</a><br /> <br /> - <span class="smcap">Iraola</span>, Señor Pereyra, and champion bull, <a href="#Page_152">152</a><br /> + <span class="smcap">Iraola</span>, Señor Pereyra, and champion bull, <a href="#Page_152">152</a><br /> <br /> <br /> <span class="smcap">Jerked</span> beef, trade in, <a href="#Page_128">128</a><br /> @@ -11876,7 +11837,7 @@ citizens.</p> <br /> <span class="smcap">Millionaires</span>, proportion to population of, <a href="#Page_64">64</a><br /> <br /> - <span class="smcap">Mocayr</span>, Señor Pedro, and U.S.A. influence, <a href="#Page_275">275</a><br /> + <span class="smcap">Mocayr</span>, Señor Pedro, and U.S.A. influence, <a href="#Page_275">275</a><br /> <br /> <span class="smcap">Money-lenders</span>, licences for, <a href="#Page_82">82</a><br /> <br /> @@ -11903,7 +11864,7 @@ citizens.</p> <br /> <span class="smcap">Nationalisation</span>, Law of, <a href="#Page_24">24</a>, <a href="#Page_63">63</a>, <a href="#Page_77">77</a><br /> <br /> - <span class="smcap">Neuquén</span> territory, irrigation works in, <a href="#Page_150">150</a><br /> + <span class="smcap">Neuquén</span> territory, irrigation works in, <a href="#Page_150">150</a><br /> <br /> "<span class="smcap">Norther</span>," The, <a href="#Page_103">103</a><br /> <br /> @@ -11932,7 +11893,7 @@ citizens.</p> <span class="smcap">Parana</span> River, <a href="#Page_90">90</a>;<br /> <span style="margin-left: 1em;">wharves on, at Rosario, <a href="#Page_154">154</a>;</span><br /> <span style="margin-left: 1em;">lumber on, <a href="#Page_243">243</a></span><br /> - <span style="margin-left: 1em;">highway of Santa Fé, <a href="#Page_265">265-6</a></span><br /> + <span style="margin-left: 1em;">highway of Santa Fé, <a href="#Page_265">265-6</a></span><br /> <br /> <span class="smcap">Parana</span>, town of, <a href="#Page_268">268</a><br /> <br /> @@ -12026,7 +11987,7 @@ citizens.</p> <span style="margin-left: 1em;">at Bahia Blanca, <a href="#Page_178">178</a>;</span><br /> <span style="margin-left: 1em;">Transandine, <a href="#Page_213">213</a>;</span><br /> <span style="margin-left: 1em;">influence on possible manufacturing developments, <a href="#Page_260">260</a>;</span><br /> - <span style="margin-left: 1em;">and development of Santa Fé, <a href="#Page_265">265</a>;</span><br /> + <span style="margin-left: 1em;">and development of Santa Fé, <a href="#Page_265">265</a>;</span><br /> <span style="margin-left: 1em;">American scheme in connection with, <a href="#Page_277">277</a></span><br /> <br /> <span class="smcap">Ranch</span>, life on the, <a href="#Page_103">103-8</a>, <a href="#Page_230">230-1</a><br /> @@ -12053,7 +12014,7 @@ citizens.</p> <br /> <span class="smcap">Rio</span> Negro Valley, irrigation work in, <a href="#Page_150">150</a><br /> <br /> - <span class="smcap">Rio</span> Neuquén Valley, irrigation works in, <a href="#Page_150">150</a><br /> + <span class="smcap">Rio</span> Neuquén Valley, irrigation works in, <a href="#Page_150">150</a><br /> <br /> <span class="smcap">Roadmaking</span>, railway profits taxed for, <a href="#Page_49">49</a><br /> <br /> @@ -12097,7 +12058,7 @@ citizens.</p> <br /> <span class="smcap">Santa</span> Cruz, dreariness of, <a href="#Page_246">246</a><br /> <br /> - <span class="smcap">Santa</span> Fé Province, cattle raising in, <a href="#Page_130">130</a>;<br /> + <span class="smcap">Santa</span> Fé Province, cattle raising in, <a href="#Page_130">130</a>;<br /> <span style="margin-left: 1em;">development of, <a href="#Page_265">265</a></span><br /> <br /> <span class="smcap">Santos</span>, <a href="#Page_17">17</a>, <a href="#Page_18">18</a><br /> @@ -12315,388 +12276,6 @@ citizens.</p> </tr> </table> - - - - - - - - -<pre> - - - - - -End of Project Gutenberg's The Amazing Argentine, by John Foster Fraser - 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