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diff --git a/40891.txt b/40891.txt deleted file mode 100644 index a44ef8a..0000000 --- a/40891.txt +++ /dev/null @@ -1,6758 +0,0 @@ -The Project Gutenberg EBook of The Art of Invigorating and Prolonging Life, by -William Kitchiner - -This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with -almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or -re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included -with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org - - -Title: The Art of Invigorating and Prolonging Life - By Food, Clothes, Air, Exercise, Wine, Sleep, &c. and - Peptic Precepts, Pointing Out Agreeable and Effectual - Methods to Prevent and Relieve Indigestion, and to Regulate - and Strengthen the Action of the Stomach and Bowels - -Author: William Kitchiner - -Release Date: September 28, 2012 [EBook #40891] - -Language: English - -Character set encoding: ASCII - -*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK INVIGORATING AND PROLONGING LIFE *** - - - - -Produced by Julia Miller, Thiers Halliwell and the Online -Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This -file was produced from images generously made available -by The Internet Archive/American Libraries.) - - - - - -Transcriber's notes: - -In this plain text version, bold script is denoted by =equals signs= and -italic script by _underscores_. Text that was originally rendered in -small capitals now appears in full capitals. - -No attempt has been made to standardise the numerous inconsistencies -throughout the text with respect to punctuation, [e.g. (No. 490,)/(No. -490.)/(No. 490)/(No. 490).], spelling, case and hyphenation [e.g. P. -36/p. 88, DR. MOFFETT/Dr. MUFFETT, Colton/Coulton, toothach/toothache, -Head-Ach/Head-ach/Head-ache, nightmare/Night-Mare/night-mare, -mouthsful/mouthfuls, scum/skum, table-spoonful/tablespooonful, -Curacoa/Curacoa, and others]. These and various archaic spellings all -remain as in the original. The transcription also replicates the -original text in its use of upper case, lower case, small capitals, and -italics. - -On the other hand, several errors, omissions and uncertainties were -corrected after referring to the subsequent edition (3rd) of the book -for clarification: for example, missing characters resulting from -incomplete scan images; missing quotation marks; a missing value for -'Port' in the table on page 138; and a three-paragraph apparent -'blockquote' on page 141 (actually a partial footnote that had become -separated from its preceding paragraphs on page 139), is now reunited -with the rest of the footnote. A few incorrect page references have been -rectified. - -The incorrect sequencing of the index replicates that in the original -publication. In that era the letters i and j were interchangeable, and -words beginning with these letters are grouped together in the index. -The words and abbreviations Ditto, ditto, Do., do., are used -inconsistently in the index. - -Numbered items (sometimes asterisked) of the style (No. 463*) are -references to the 3rd edition of "The Cook's Oracle" as mentioned at the -top of the page that follows the Contents list. - -The footnotes, which are numerous and sometimes lengthy, have been -relocated to the end of the e-book. A few of the original -cross-references pointed to the _page_ on which the relevant footnote -was located rather than to the footnote itself. As the footnotes are no -longer on those pages, readers of this plain text version might have -difficulty following such cross-references. On page 17, reference to a -footnote that simply stated 'see Index' has been changed to an in-line -reference (as used elsewhere in the text). - -In this (Latin-1) version of the book, the apothecary's symbol meaning -'Prescription take' (Unicode letterlike symbol Dec 8478 Hex 211E) on -pages 232 and 285 has been replaced by 'Rx', and in Footnote 104 the -symbol for 'scruple' (a measure of weight - Unicode letterlike symbol -Dec 8456 Hex 2108) has been spelled out in full. - - - - - THE ART - OF INVIGORATING AND PROLONGING - LIFE, - BY - FOOD, CLOTHES, AIR, EXERCISE, WINE, SLEEP, &c. - AND - PEPTIC PRECEPTS, - POINTING OUT - _AGREEABLE AND EFFECTUAL METHODS_ - TO PREVENT AND RELIEVE - INDIGESTION, - AND TO - _REGULATE AND STRENGTHEN THE ACTION_ - OF THE - STOMACH AND BOWELS. - - Suaviter in modo, sed fortiter in re. - - BY - THE AUTHOR OF "THE COOK'S ORACLE," - &c. &c. &c. - - _SECOND EDITION._ - - LONDON: - PRINTED FOR HURST, ROBINSON, AND CO. - AND A. CONSTABLE AND CO., EDINBURGH. - - 1821. - - - - - TO THE - NERVOUS AND BILIOUS, - THE FOLLOWING - TREATISE, - ON THE - ART OF MANAGING THOSE TEMPERAMENTS, - IS RESPECTFULLY INSCRIBED. - - - - -CONTENTS. - - - PAGE - - ART OF INVIGORATING LIFE 1 - - Reducing Corpulence 50 - - Sleep 65 - - Siesta 94 - - Clothes 103 - - Fire 113 - - Air 119 - - Exercise 122 - - Wine 127 - - Peptic Precepts 156 - - Index 267 - - - - - THE NUMBERS _affixed to the various Articles of Food, &c. - are those referred to in the_ THIRD EDITION _of_ - - THE - COOK'S ORACLE: - CONTAINING - RECEIPTS FOR PLAIN COOKERY - ON THE - MOST ECONOMICAL PLAN FOR PRIVATE FAMILIES: - - ALSO - - THE ART OF COMPOSING THE MOST SIMPLE, AND - MOST HIGHLY FINISHED - Broths, Gravies, Soups, Sauces, Store Sauces, - AND FLAVOURING ESSENCES: - - _The Quantity of each Article is_ - ACCURATELY STATED BY WEIGHT AND MEASURE; - _THE WHOLE BEING THE RESULT OF_ - Actual Experiments - INSTITUTED IN - THE KITCHEN OF A PHYSICIAN. - - "Miscuit utile dulce." - - THE THIRD EDITION, - WHICH IS ALMOST ENTIRELY RE-WRITTEN. - - LONDON: - - PRINTED FOR A. CONSTABLE & Co. EDINBURGH; - AND HURST, ROBINSON, & Co. CHEAPSIDE. - _And sold also by all Booksellers in Town and Country._ - - 1821. - - - - - THE ART - OF - INVIGORATING AND PROLONGING - LIFE - BY - Diet and Regimen. - - - "The choice and measure of the materials of which our Body is - composed,--and what we take daily by POUNDS,--is at least of as much - importance as what we take seldom, and only by _Grains_ and - _Spoonsful_."--DR. ARBUTHNOT on _Aliment_, pref. p. iii. - -The Editor of the following pages had originally an extremely Delicate -Constitution;--and at an early period devoted himself to the study of -Physic, with the hope--of learning how to make the most of his small -stock of Health. - -The System he adopted, succeeded, and he is arrived at his forty-third -year, in tolerable good Health; and this without any uncomfortable -abstinence:--his maxim has ever been, "_dum Vivimus, Vivamus_." - -He does not mean the Aguish existence of the votary of Fashion--whose -Body is burning from voluptuous intemperance to-day, and freezing in -miserable collapse to-morrow--not extravagantly consuming in a Day, the -animal spirits which Nature intended for the animation of a Week--but -keeping the expense of the machinery of Life within the income of -Health,--which the Constitution can regularly and comfortably supply. - -This is the grand "arcanum duplicatum" for "Living all the days of your -Life." - -The Art of Invigorating the Health, and improving the Strength of Man, -has hitherto only been considered for the purpose of training[1] him for -Athletic Exercises--but I have often thought that a similar plan might -be adopted with considerable advantage, to animate and strengthen -enfeebled Constitutions--prevent Gout--reduce Corpulency--cure Nervous -and Chronic Weakness--Hypochondriac and Bilious Disorders, &c.--_to -increase the Enjoyment, and prolong the duration of Feeble Life_--for -which _Medicine_, unassisted by DIET AND REGIMEN,--affords but very -trifling and temporary help. - -The universal desire of repairing, perfecting, and prolonging Life, -has induced many ingenious men to try innumerable experiments on almost -all the products of the Animal, Vegetable, and Mineral kingdoms, with -the hope of discovering Agents, that will not merely increase or diminish -the force or frequency of the Pulse; but with an ardour as romantic as -the search after the Philosopher's Stone, they have vainly hoped, that -_Panaceas_ might be found possessing the power of curing "all the evils -that flesh is heir to." - -This is evident enough to all who have examined the early -Pharmacopoeias, which are full of heterogeneous compounds, the -inventions of interested, and the imaginations of ignorant men. - -The liberal and enlightened Physicians of the last and present century -have gradually expunged most of these, and made the science of Medicine -sufficiently intelligible to those whose business it is to learn it--if -Medicine be entirely divested of its Mystery, its power over the Mind, -which in most cases forms its main strength, will no longer exist. - -It was a favourite remark of the celebrated Dr. John Brown[2], that "if -a student in Physic employed seven years in storing his memory with the -accepted, but,--unfortunately, in nine cases out of ten,--imaginary -powers of Medicine, he would, if he did not possess very extraordinary -sagacity, lose a much longer time in discovering the multiform delusions -his medical oracles had imposed upon him--before he ascertains that, -with the exception of _Mercury_ for the Lues,--_Bark_ for -Intermittents,--and _Sulphur_ for Psora--the _Materia Medica_ does not -furnish many Specifics--and may be almost reduced to Evacuants and -Stimuli:"--However, these, skilfully administered, afford all the -assistance to Nature, that can be obtained from Art! - -Let not the uninitiated in Medical Mysteries imagine for a moment, that -the Editor desires to depreciate their Importance--but observe once for -all--that he has only one reason for writing this Book--which is, to -warn you against the ordinary causes of Disorder--and to teach you the -easiest and most salutary method of preventing or subduing it, and of -recovering and preserving Health and Strength, when, in spite of all -your prudence, you are overtaken by sickness, and have no Medical Friend -ready to defend you. - -Experience has so long proved the actual importance of TRAINING--that -Pugilists will not willingly engage without such preparation. - -The principal rules for which are,--to go to Bed early--to Rise -early--to take as much _Exercise_ as you can in the open air, without -fatigue--to _Eat and Drink_ moderately of plain nourishing Food--and -especially,--to keep _the Mind_ diverted[3], and in as easy and cheerful -a state as possible. - -Somewhat such a system is followed at the fashionable watering -places--and great would be the improvement of Health that would result -from it,--if it was not continually counteracted, by visits to the Ball -Room[4] and the Card Table. - -A residence in the Country will avail little, if you carry with you -there, the irregular habits, and late hours of fashionable Life. - -Do not expect much benefit from mere change of _Air_--the purest breezes -of the country will produce very little effect, unless accompanied by -plenty of regular _Exercise_[5]--_Temperance_--and, above all, -_Tranquillity of Mind_.--See _Obs. on_ "AIR" and "EXERCISE." - -The following is a brief sketch of the usual METHOD OF TRAINING PERSONS -FOR ATHLETIC EXERCISES. - -The Alimentary Canal[6] is cleansed by an Emetic, and then two or three -Purgatives.--See _Index_. - -They are directed to eat Beef and Mutton[7]--rather _under_, than -_over_-done, and without either Seasoning or Sauce--_Broils_, (No. 94), -are preferred to either _Roasts_ (No. 19), or _Boils_--and stale Bread -or Biscuit. - -Neither -Veal--Lamb--Pork--Fish--Milk--Butter--Cheese--Puddings--Pastry--or -Vegetables, are allowed. - -Beef and Mutton only (fresh, not salted) are ordered;--but we believe -this restriction is seldom entirely submitted to. - -Nothing tends more to renovate the Constitution, than a temporary -retirement to the Country. - -The necessity of breathing a pure Air, and the strictest Temperance, are -uniformly and absolutely insisted upon by all Trainers;--the striking -advantages resulting therefrom, we have heard as universally -acknowledged by those who have been trained. - -_Mild Home-brewed Ale_ is recommended for Drink--about three pints per -day--taken with Breakfast and Dinner, and a little at Supper--not in -large draughts--but by mouthfuls, alternately with your food. - -_Stale Beer_ often disturbs delicate Bowels--if your Palate warns you -that Malt Liquor is inclined to be hard, neutralize it with a little -_Carbonate of Potash_;--that good sound Beer, which is neither nauseous -from its newness, nor noxious from its staleness, is in unison with the -animating diet of Animal Food, which we are recommending as the most -effective antidote to debility, &c. experience has sufficiently -proved.--There can be no doubt, that the combination of the tonic power -of the Hop, and the nourishment of the Malt, is much more invigorating -than any simple vinous spirit,--but the difficulty of obtaining it good, -ready brewed--and the trouble of Brewing is so great--that happy are -those who are contented with Good Toast and Water (No. 463*), as a -diluent to solid food--and a few glasses of wine as a finishing "_Bonne -Bouche_." - -Those who do not like Beer--are allowed Wine and Water--Red wine is -preferred to White, and _not more_ than half a pint, (_i. e._ eight -ounces), or four common sized wine glasses, after Dinner--none after -Supper--nor any Spirits, however diluted. - -Eight hours' _Sleep_ are necessary--but this is generally left to the -previous habits of the Person; those who take active Exercise, require -adequate Rest. - -BREAKFAST[8] upon meat at eight o'clock--DINNER at two--SUPPER is not -advised, but they may have a little bit of cold meat about eight -o'clock, and take a walk after, between it and ten, when they go to -Bed. - -_The Time requisite to screw a Man up to his fullest Strength_, depends -upon his previous habits and Age. In the Vigour of Life, between 20 and -35, a Month or two is generally sufficient:--more or less, according as -he is older, and as his previous Habits have been in opposition to the -above system. - -By this mode of proceeding for two or three months--the Constitution of -the human frame is greatly improved, and the Courage proportionately -increased,--a person who was breathless, and panting on the least -exertion--and had a certain share of those Nervous and Bilious -Complaints, which are occasionally the companions of all who reside in -great Cities--becomes enabled to run with ease and fleetness. - -The Restorative Process having proceeded with healthful -regularity--every part of the Constitution is effectively invigorated--a -Man feels so conscious of the actual augmentation of all his powers, -both Bodily and Mental, that he will undertake with alacrity--a task -which before he shrunk from encountering. - -The clearness of THE COMPLEXION is considered the _best criterion of a -Man's being in good condition_--to which we add the appearance of the -UNDER-LIP--which is plump and rosy, in proportion to the healthy -plethora of the constitution:--this is a much more certain symptom of -vigorous Health than any indication you can form from the appearance of -the Tongue--or the PULSE, which is another very uncertain and deceiving -Index,--the strength and frequency of which, not only varies in -different persons, but in the same person in different circumstances and -positions;--in some Irritable Constitutions _the vibration of the Heart -varies almost as often as it Beats_--when we walk--stand--sit--or lie -down--early in the morning--late in the evening--elated with good -news--depressed by bad, &c.--when the Stomach is empty--after taking -food--after a full meal of Nutritive food--after a spare one of _Maigre -materials_. Moreover, it is impossible to ascertain the degree of -deviation from Health by feeling a Pulse--unless we are well acquainted -with the peculiarity of it, when the patient is in Health. - -The Editor has now arrived at the most difficult part of his work, and -needs all the assistance that Training can give, to excite him to -proceed with any hope of developing the subject, with that perspicuity -and effect--which it deserves, and he desires to give it. - -The _Food_--_Clothes_--_Fire_--_Air_--_Exercise_--_Sleep_--_Wine_, &c. -which may be most advisable for invigorating the Health of one -individual--may be by no means the best adapted to produce a like good -effect with another;--at the time of Life most people arrive at, before -they think about these things--they are often become the slaves of -habits which have grown with their growth, and strengthened with their -strength--and the utmost that can be done after our 40th year, is to -endeavour very gradually to correct them. - -We caution those who are past the Meridian of Life (see _Index_)--to -beware of suddenly abandoning established Customs, (especially of -diminishing the warmth of their Clothing, or the nutritive quality of -what they Eat and Drink), which, by long usage, often become as -indispensable, as a Mathematical Valetudinarian reckoned his Flannel -Waistcoat was--"in the _ratio_ that my _Body_ would be uncomfortable -without my _Skin_--would my _Skin_ be, without my _Flannel Waistcoat_." - -We recommend those who are in search of Health and Strength, to read -the remarks which are classed under the titles -WINE,--SIESTA,--CLOTHES,--"AIR"--"FIRE"--SLEEP--PEPTIC PRECEPTS, &c. - -With the greatest deference, we submit the following sketch, to be -variously modified by the Medical Adviser--according to the season of -the Year--the Age--Constitution--and previous habits of the -Patient,--the purpose it is intended to accomplish--or the Disorder it -is intended to prevent or cure. - -The first thing to be done, is to put the Principal Viscera into a -condition to absorb the _pabulum vitae_, we put into the Stomach--as -much depends on the state of the Organs of Digestion[9] as on the -quality of our Diet:--therefore commence with taking, early in the -morning, fasting, about half an hour before Breakfast, about two drams -of _Epsom Salts_ (_i. e._ as much as will move the Bowels twice, not -more,) in half a pint of warm water.--See _Index_. - -The following day, go into a _Tepid Bath_, heated to about 95 degrees of -_Fahrenheit_. - -The Third day, take another dose of Salts--keeping to a light diet of -Fish--Broths, &c. (Nos. 490, 563, 564, and 572). During the next week, -take the TONIC TINCTURE, as directed in (No. 569). See _Index_. Thus -far--any person may proceed without any difficulty,--and great benefit -will he derive therefrom, if he cannot pursue the following part of the -System:-- - -RISE early--if the Weather permits, amuse yourself with Exercise in the -open air for some time before BREAKFAST--the material for which, I leave -entirely to the previous habit of the Individual. - -Such is the sensibility of the Stomach, when recruited by a good night's -rest, that of all alterations in Diet, it will be most disappointed at -any change of this Meal--either of the time it is taken--or of the -quantity, or quality of it--so much so, that the functions of a delicate -Stomach will be frequently deranged throughout the whole Day after. - -The BREAKFAST I recommend, is Good Milk Gruel (No. 572), see _Index_, or -Beef Tea (No. 563), see _Index_, or Portable Beef Tea (No. 252); a pint -of the latter may be made for two-pence halfpenny, as easily as a Basin -of Gruel. - -The interval between _Breakfast_ and _Eleven_ o'clock, is the best time -for Intellectual business--then _Exercise_ again till about -_Twelve_--when probably the Appetite will be craving for a LUNCHEON, -which may consist of a bit of roasted Poultry,--a basin of good Beef -Tea, or Eggs poached, (No. 546), or boiled in the Shell, (No. 547), Fish -plainly dressed, (No. 144, or 145, &c.), or a Sandwich (No. 504),--stale -Bread--and half a pint of good Home-brewed Beer--or Toast and Water, -(No. 463*),--see _Index_,--with about one-fourth or one-third part of -its measure of Wine, of which Port is preferred. - -The solidity of the LUNCHEON should be proportionate to the time it is -intended to enable you to wait for your Dinner, and the activity of the -Exercise you take in the mean-time. - -Take Exercise and Amusement as much as is convenient in the open air -again, till past Four--then rest, and prepare for DINNER at -_Five_--which should be confined to One Dish, of roasted Beef (No. 19), -or Mutton (No. 23), five days in the week--boiled meat one--and roasted -Poultry one--with a portion of sufficiently boiled ripe -Vegetables--mashed Potatoes are preferred, see (No. 106), and the other -fourteen ways of dressing this useful root. - -The same restrictions from other articles of Food[10], as we have -already mentioned in the plan for Training--_i. e._ if the person -trained--has not arrived at that time of Life, when habit has become so -strong--that to deprive him of those accustomed Indulgencies, &c. by -which his health has hitherto been supported--would be as barbarous--as -to take away Crutches from the Lame. - -DRINK at Dinner, a pint of home-brewed Beer, or Toast and Water (No. -463*), with one-third or one-fourth part Wine, and a few glasses of Wine -after--the less, the better--but take as much as custom has made -necessary to excite that degree of circulation in your system, without -which, you are uncomfortable. Read _Obs. on_ "WINE." - -AFTER DINNER sit quiet for a couple of hours--the _Semi-Siesta_ is a -pleasant position--_i. e._ the Feet on a stool about eight inches -high,--or if your Exercise has fatigued you, lie down, and indulge in -Horizontal Refreshment[11]:--this you may sometimes do with advantage -before Dinner, if you have taken more Exercise than usual, and you feel -tired:--when the Body is fatigued, the Stomach, by sympathy, will, in -proportion, be incapable of doing its business of Digestion. - -AT SEVEN, a little Tea, or warmed Milk with a very little Rum, a bit of -Sugar, and a little Nutmeg in it--after which, Exercise and Amusement -again, if convenient, in the open air. - -For SUPPER, a Biscuit, or a Sandwich, (No. 504), or a bit of cold Fowl, -&c. and a glass of Beer, or Wine, and Toast and Water (No. 463*),--and -occasionally (No. 572), _i. e. as light a Supper as possible_--the -sooner after _Ten_ you retire to rest, the better. - -_For those who Dine very late_--the best Supper is Gruel (No. 572), or a -little Bread and Cheese, or Pounded Cheese (No. 542), and a glass of -Beer--but if You have had an early, or a _Ban Yan Dinner_--or Instinct -suggests that the exhaustion, from extraordinary exertion, requires more -restorative materials,--furnish your Stomach with a Chop or a Chicken, -&c. or some of the easily digestible and nutritive materials referred -to in the _Index_ under the article _Food for Feeble Stomachs_--and as -much diffusible stimulus as will animate the Circulation, and ensure the -influence of "Nature's sweet restorer, Balmy Sleep,"--the soundness of -which,--depends entirely on the Stomach being in good temper, and the -Heart supporting the circulation with Salutary Vigour. See the _Art of -Sleeping_.--_Index_. - -For the Diet to be confined to Beef and Mutton, is a sufficient -abridgment of the amusements of the Mouth--it is a barbarous -mortification, to insist on these being always cooked the same way[12], -and we advise an occasional indulgence in the whole range of plain -Cookery, from (No. 1) to (No. 98). - -_Broils_ (No. 94) are ordered in the plan for Training, probably, -because the most convenient manner of obtaining the desired portion -_Hot_,--(Food is then most easy of Digestion--_before the process of -Digestion can commence, it must take the temperature of the -Stomach_--which, when in a languid state, has no superfluous Heat to -spare--) but as the Lean part is often scorched and dried, and the Fat -becomes empyreumatic, from being in immediate contact with the Fire--a -slice of well roasted Ribs (No. 20),--or Sir Loin of Beef (No. 19), or a -Leg, Neck, Loin, or Saddle of Mutton (No. 23, or 26, or 31), must be -infinitely more succulent and nutritive--whether this be rather _over_, -or _under_-done, the previous habits of the Eater must determine--the -Medium, between _over_ and _under_-dressing--is in general most -Agreeable, and certainly most Wholesome. - -That _Meat_ which is considerably _under_-done, contains more Nutriment -than that which is _over_-done, is true enough;--that which is _not done -at all_, contains a great deal more--but, in the ratio that it is -_Raw_[13], so is it unfortunately difficult of digestion, as -_Spallanzani_ (see _Index_) has proved by actual and satisfactory -experiments. - -OUR FOOD MUST BE DONE--_either by our Cook,--or by our Stomach_,--before -Digestion can take place--(see 1st page of _Obs._ on _Siesta_); surely -no man in his senses, would willingly be so wanting in consideration of -the comfort, &c. of his Stomach, as to give it the needless trouble of -Cooking and Digesting also--and waste its valuable energies in work -which a Spit or a Stewpan can do better. - -Thoroughly dressed BEEF (No. 19), or MUTTON (No. 23), is incomparably -the most animating Food we can furnish our Stomachs with, and sound -HOME-BREWED BEER, the most invigorating Drink--It is indeed, Gentle -Reader, notwithstanding a foolish fashion has banished the natural -beverage of Great Britain--as extremely ungenteel.-- - - "Your Wine tippling, Dram sipping fellows retreat, - But your Beer-drinking Briton can never be beat." - -_The best Tests of the Restorative qualities of Food_--are a small -quantity of it satisfying Hunger,--the strength of the Pulse after -it,--and the length of Time which elapses before Appetite returns -again:--according to these Rules, the Editor's own experience gives a -decided verdict in favour of Roasted or Broiled Beef (No. 19 or 94), or -Mutton (No. 26 or 23), as most nutritive,--then Game and Poultry, of -which the meat is Brown, (No. 59, or 61, or 74), next Veal and Lamb and -Poultry, of which the meat is White--the Fat kinds of Fish, -Eels--Salmon--Herrings, &c. and least nutritive, the white kinds of -Fish--such as Whiting, Cod, Soles, Haddocks, &c. For further -information, see _Oysters_, (No. 181). - -The celebrated Trainer, Sir Thomas Parkyns, &c., "greatly preferred -BEEF-EATERS--to _Sheep-biters_, as they called those who ate Mutton." - -By DR. STARK'S _very curious Experiments on Diet_, p. 110, it appears, -that "when he fed upon _Roasted Goose_, he was much more vigorous both -in Body and Mind, than with any other food." - -That _Fish_ is less nutritive than FLESH--the speedy return of Hunger -after a dinner of Fish is sufficient proof--when a Trainer at -Newmarket[14] wishes _to waste a Jockey_--he is not allowed _Pudding_, -if Fish can be had. - -Crabs,--Lobsters (No. 176), Prawns, &c. unless thoroughly boiled, (which -those sold ready boiled seldom are), are tremendously indigestible. - -_Shell Fish_ have long held a high rank in the catalogue of easily -digestible and speedily restorative Foods:--of these _Oysters_ (No. -181), certainly deserve the best character; but we think that they, as -well as _Eggs_,--_Gelatinous Substances_,--_Rich Broths_[15], &c. have -acquired not a little more reputation for these qualities than they -deserve. - -OYSTERS are often cold and uncomfortable to Dyspeptic Stomachs--unless -warmed with a certain quantity of Pepper, and good White Wine. - -_To recruit the Animal Spirits, and produce Strength_, there is nothing -like BEEF and MUTTON--moreover, when kept till properly tender, none -will give less trouble to the Digestive organs--and more substantial -excitement to the Constitution. - -The Editor has dined for some years principally upon plainly roasted or -boiled Beef and Mutton, and has often observed, that if he changes it -for any other Food for several days together--that he suffers a -diminution of strength, &c. and is disposed on such days to drink an -additional Glass of _Wine_, &c. See _Index_. - -However, the fitness of various Foods, and Drinks--and the quantity of -Nutriment which they afford--depends very much upon how they are -prepared, and as much on the inclination and abilities of the concoctive -faculties, which have the task of converting them into Chyle. - -It is quite as absurd, to suppose, that one kind of Diet, &c. is -equally adapted to every kind of Constitution--as that one Remedy will -cure all Diseases. - -_To produce the highest degree of Health and Strength_--we must supply -the Stomach with not merely that material which contains the greatest -quantity of Nourishment--but in making our reckoning, must take into the -account, the degree in which it is adapted to the habits and powers of -the Organ which is to digest it--the Arms of a Giant are of little use -in the Hands of a Dwarf. - -_The Plan we have proposed, was calculated for Midsummer-day_,--when -plenty of hard Exercise in the open Air will soon create an Appetite for -the substantial Diet we have recommended--it is taken for granted, that -a Person has the opportunity of devoting a couple of months to the -re-establishment of his Health--and that during that time, he will be -content to consider himself in the same state as any other Animal out of -condition--and disposed to submit cheerfully to such a modification of -the rules recommended, as his Medical Adviser may deem most convenient -to the circumstances of the Case, and the Age, the Constitution, and -previous habits of the Patient, &c. &c. - -_Every part of this system must be observed in proportion_--and EXERCISE -increased in the same degree, that NOURISHMENT is introduced to the -Constitution. - -_The best General Rule for Diet_ that I can write, is to Eat and Drink -only of such Foods--at such times,--and in such quantities--as -Experience has convinced you, agree with your Constitution--and -absolutely to avoid all other. - -A very different Regimen must be observed by those who live a Life with -Labour--or Exercise--or of Indolence,--and at the different Periods of -Life. - -HUMAN LIFE may be divided into _Three Stages_. - -The FIRST, _The period of Preparation_ from our birth, till about our -21st year, when the Body has generally attained the _acme_ of -expansion:--till then, a continual and copious supply of Chyle is -necessary, not only to keep our machinery in repair, but to furnish -material for the increase of it. - -The SECOND from 21 to 42, _The period of Active Usefulness_; during -which, nothing more is wanted, than to restore the daily waste, -occasioned by the actions of the Vital and Animal Functions. - -The THIRD, _The period of Decline_: this comes on and proceeds with more -or less celerity, according to the original strength of the -Constitution, and the Economy[16] with which it has been managed during -the second period. (Age is a relative term,--one man is as old at 40 as -another is at 60): but after 42, the most vigorous become gradually more -passive[17]--and after 63, pretty nearly quite so. - -SIR WILLIAM JONES'S ANDROMETER. - - | 3 | 6 | 9 | 12 | - +-----+-----+-----+-----+ - 1 | | | | | | | | | | | | |--Ideas received through the Senses. - |_|_|_|_|_|_|_|_|_|_|_|_| - |_______________________|--Speaking, and Pronunciation. - |_______________________|--Letters, and Spelling. - |_______________________|--Ideas retained in the Memory. - 5 |_______________________|--Reading and Repeating. - |_______________________|--Grammar of his own Language. - |_______________________|--Memory exercised. - |_______________________|--Moral and Religions Lessons. - |_______________________|--Natural History and Experiments. - 10 |_______________________|--Dancing, Music, Drawing, Exercises. - |_______________________|--History of his own Country. - |_______________________|--Latin. - |_______________________|--Greek. - |_______________________|--French and Italian. - 15 |_______________________|--Translations. - |_______________________|--Compositions in Verse and Prose. - |_______________________|--Rhetoric and Declamation. - |_______________________|--History and Law. - |_______________________|--Logic and Mathematics. - 20 |_______________________|--Rhetorical Exercises. - |_______________________|--Philosophy and Politics. - |_______________________|--Compositions in his own Language. - |_______________________|--Declamations continued. - |_______________________|--Ancient Orators studied. - 25 |_______________________|--Travel and Conversation. - |_______________________|--Speeches at the Bar, or in Parliament. - |_______________________|--State Affairs. - |_______________________|--Historical Studies continued. - |_______________________|--Law and Eloquence. - 30 |_______________________|--Public Life. - |_______________________|--Private and Social Virtues. - |_______________________|--Habits of Eloquence improved. - |_______________________|--Philosophy resumed at leisure. - |_______________________|--Orations published. - 35 |_______________________|--Exertions in State and Parliament. - |_______________________|--Civil Knowledge mature. - |_______________________|--Eloquence perfect. - |_______________________|--National Rights defended. - |_______________________|--The Learned protected. - 40 |_______________________|--The Virtuous assisted. - |_______________________|--Compositions published. - |_______________________|--Science improved. - |_______________________|--Parliamentary Affairs. - |_______________________|--Laws enacted, and supported. - 45 |_______________________|--Fine Arts patronized. - |_______________________|--Government of his Family. - |_______________________|--Education of his Children. - |_______________________|--Vigilance as a Magistrate. - |_______________________|--Firmness as a Patriot. - 50 |_______________________|--Virtue as a Citizen. - |_______________________|--Historical Works. - |_______________________|--Oratorical Works. - |_______________________|--Philosophical Works. - |_______________________|--Political Works. - 55 |_______________________|--Mathematical Works. - |_______________________| } - |_______________________| } - |_______________________| }Continuation of former Pursuits. - |_______________________| } - 60 |_______________________| } - |_______________________|--Fruits of his Labour enjoyed. - |_______________________|--A glorious Retirement. - |_______________________|--An amiable Family. - |_______________________|--Universal Respect. - 65 |_______________________|--Consciousness of a Virtuous Life. - |_______________________| } - |_______________________| } - |_______________________| }_Perfection of Earthly Happiness_. - |_______________________| } - 70 |_______________________|--Preparation for ETERNITY. - -_The most common cause of Dyspeptic Disorders_, which are so prevalent -at the commencement of the Third Period of Life--is an increasing -indolence, inducing us to diminish the degree of the active Exercise we -have been in the habit of taking--without in a corresponding degree -diminishing the quantity of our Food--on the contrary, people seem to -expect the Stomach to grow stronger and to work harder as it gets Older, -and to almost entirely support the Circulation without the help of -Exercise.-- - -As the activity of our existence--and the accommodating powers of the -Stomach, &c. diminish--in like degree--must we lessen the quantity--and -be careful of the quality of our Food, eat oftener and less at a -time--or Indigestion--and the multitude of Disorders of which it is the -fruitful parent, will soon destroy us. - -The System of CORNARO has been oftener quoted, than understood--most -people imagine, it was one of rigid Abstinence and comfortless -Self-denial--but this was not the case:--his Code of Longevity consisted -in steadily obeying the suggestions of Instinct--and Economizing his -Vitality, and living under his income of Health,--carefully regulating -his temper--and cultivating cheerful habits. - -THE FOLLOWING IS A COMPENDIUM OF HIS PLAN--_in his own words_. - -He tells us that _when Fourscore_ - -"I am used to take in all twelve ounces of solid nourishment, such as -Meat, and the yolk of an Egg, &c. and fourteen ounces of drink:--I eat -Bread, Soup, New-laid Eggs, Veal, Kid, Mutton, Partridge, Pullets, -Pigeons, &c. and some Sea and River Fish. - -"I made choice of such Wines and Meats as agreed with my Constitution, -and declined all other diet--and proportioned the quantity thereof to -the strength of my Stomach, and abridged my Food--as my years increased. - -"Every one is the best judge of the food which is most agreeable to his -own Stomach,--it is next to impossible, to judge what is best for -another;--the Constitutions of men are as different from each other as -their complexions."--p. 36. - -"1st. Take care of the quality. - -"2dly. Of the quantity--so as to eat and drink nothing that offends the -Stomach, nor any more than you can easily digest: your experience ought -to be your guide in these two principles when you arrive at _Forty_: by -that time you ought to know that you are in the midst of your life; -thanks to the goodness of your Constitution which has carried you so -far: but that when you are arrived to this period, you go down the hill -apace--and it is necessary for you to change your course of life, -especially with regard to the quantity and quality of your diet--because -it is on that, the health and length of our days do radically depend. -Lastly; if the former part of our lives has been altogether sensual--the -latter ought to be rational and regular; order being necessary for the -preservation of all things, especially the life of man.--Longevity -cannot be attained without continence and sobriety[18]." - - "At _thirty_ Man suspects himself a Fool, - Knows it at _forty_, and reforms his plan." - -By the small quantity of Food, and great proportion of his Meat to his -Drink, this noble Venetian, at the age of _forty_, freed himself, by the -advice of his Physicians, from several grievous disorders contracted by -intemperance, and lived in health of body, and great cheerfulness of -mind, to above an hundred.--Briefly, the secret of his Longevity seems -to have been, a gradually increasing Temperance "in omnibus"--and -probably, after a certain time of Life, abstinence from the "opus -magnum." - -The source of physical and moral Health, Happiness, and Longevity,-- - - "Reason's whole pleasure, all the Joys of Sense - Lie in three words, Health, peace, and competence. - But Health consists in temperance alone; - And Peace, oh Virtue! Peace is all thy own." - - POPE. - -_Intensive Life_, can only be purchased at the price of _Extensive_. - -If you force the Heart to gallop as fast during the second, as it does -during the first stage of life--and make the steady fire of 42, to blaze -as brightly as the flame of 21,--it will very soon be burnt out. - -Those who cannot be content to submit to that diminution of action -ordained by nature, against which there is no appeal,--as it is the -absolute covenant, by the most attentive and implicit observance of -which we can only hope to hold our lease of life comfortably,--will soon -bring to the diminished energy of the Second Stage of Life--the -Paralysis of the Third. - -From 40 to 60, a witty French author tells us, is "_La belle saison[19] -pour la Gourmandise_;"--for the artificial pleasures of the Palate, it -may be, and the _Bon Vivant_ cultivates them as the means of prolonging -the vigour of Youth--and procrastinating the approach of Age. - -Restoration may certainly be considerably facilitated, by preparing and -dressing food so as to render it easily soluble--if the secret of -Rejuvenization be ever discovered; it will be found in the Kitchen. - -Very soon after we pass the _Meridian of Life_, (which, according to -those who train men for athletic exercises, and to Dr. Jameson,[20] is -our 28th, and to Dr. Cheyne, about our 35th year,) the elasticity of the -Animal System imperceptibly diminishes,--our Senses become less -susceptible, and are every hour getting the worse for wear, however -Self-Love, assisted by your Hair-dresser, and Tailor, &c. may endeavour -to persuade you to the contrary. - -Digestion and Sleep are less perfect--the restorative process more and -more fails to keep pace with the consuming process--the body is -insufficiently repaired, more easily deranged, and with more difficulty -brought into adjustment again; till at length the vital power being -diminished, and the organs deteriorated,--Nourishment can neither be -received, or prepared and diffused through the constitution--and -Consumption so much exceeds Renovation, that decay rapidly closes the -scene of Life. - -One may form some Idea of _the Self-consumption of the human body_, by -reflecting that the pulsation of the Heart, and the motion of the Blood -connected with it, takes place 100,000 times every day; _i. e._ on an -average - - the pulse[21] beats 70 times in a minute, - multiplied by 60 minutes in an hour, - ---- - 4200 - 24 hours in a day, - ----- - 16800 - 8400 - ------ - 100800 pulsations in a day. - -What Machine, of the most adamantine material, will not soon be the -worse for wear, from such incessant vibration--especially if the -Mainsprings of it are not preserved in a state of due regulation? - -The generative faculties, which are the last that Nature finishes--are -the first that fail.--Economy in the exercise of them--especially before -and after the second period of Life--is the grand precept for the -restoration and accumulation of Strength, the preservation of Health, -and the prolongation of Life;--we are vigorous, in proportion to the -perfection of the performance of the Restorative process, _i. e._ as we -Eat hearty, and Sleep soundly--as our Body loses the power of renovating -itself, in like ratio, fails its faculty of creating--what may be a -salutary subduction of the superfluous health of the Second--during the -Third period of life, will be a destructive sacrifice of the strength of -both the Mind and the Body.--See also the 9th chapter of the _First_ -Edition of WILLICH _on Diet_. 8vo. 1799. - -The next organical defect, (we perceive too plainly for our self-love to -mistake it,) is manifested by THE EYE[22]. To read a small print--you -must remove it from the Eye further than you have been accustomed to -do--and place it in a better light. - -The FALSETTO Voice now begins to fail, and THE EAR loses some of its -quickness--several extraordinary Musicians have been able till then, if -a handful of the keys of a Harpsichord were put down so as to produce -the most irrelative combinations--to name each half note without a -mistake.--When I mentioned this to that excellent Organ Player, Mr. -Charles Wesley, he said, "At the age of twenty, I could do it -myself--but I can't now." He was then in his 55th year. - -About the same time, the Palate is no longer contented with being -employed as a mere shovel to the Stomach,--and as it finds its master -becomes every day more difficult to please--learns to be a more watchful -Purveyor. - -After 40,--the strongest People begin to talk about being _Bilious_, or -_Nervous_, &c. &c. and the Stomach will no longer do its duty -properly--unless the Food offered to it is perfectly agreeable to -it--when offended, _Indigestion_ brings with it, all that melancholy -depression of the Animal Spirits, which disables a Man from either -thinking with precision, or acting with vigour--during the distressing -suspension of the restorative process--arise all those miseries of Mind -and Body, which drive Fools to get drunk, and make Madmen commit -suicide:--without due attention to Diet, &c. the Third period of Life is -little better than a Chronic Disease. - -As our assimilating powers become enfeebled, we must endeavour to -entertain them with food so prepared, as to give them the least -trouble, and the most nourishment[23]. - -In the proportion that our Food is restorative, and properly -digested--our bodies are preserved in Health and Strength--and all our -faculties continue vigorous and perfect. - -If it is unwholesome, ill-prepared, and indigestible--the Body -languishes, and is exhausted even in its youth--its strength and -faculties daily decrease, and it sinks beneath the weight of the painful -sensations attendant on a state of Decay. - -Would to Heaven that a Cook could help our Stomachs, as much as an -Optician can our Eyes: our Existence would be as much more perfect than -it now is, as our Sight is superior to our other Senses. - -"The vigour of the Mind decays with that of the Body--and not only -Humour and Invention, but even Judgment and Resolution, change and -languish, with ill constitution of Body and of Health."--Sir WILLIAM -TEMPLE. - -The following account of the successful REDUCTION OF CORPULENCE AND -IMPROVEMENT OF HEALTH, the Editor can vouch for being a faithful -statement of Facts. - - 30 January, 1821. - - MY DEAR SIR, - -In consequence of the Conversation I had with you, upon the advantages I -had derived from Exercise and attention to Diet in the reduction of -Weight, and your desire that I should communicate as far as I recollect -them, the particulars of my Case; I have great pleasure in forwarding to -you the following Statement. - -I measure in height six Feet and half an Inch,--possess a sound -Constitution and considerable activity.--At _the age of_ _Thirty_ I -weighed about 18 Stone--two years afterwards I had reached the great -weight of nineteen Stone, in perfect Health, always sleeping well and -enjoying good Appetite and Spirits--soon after, however, I began to -experience the usual attendants on fullness of Habit, a disinclination -to rise in the morning from drowsiness, heaviness about the Forehead -after I had risen, and a disposition to Giddiness;--I was also attacked -by a complaint in one of my Eyes, the Symptoms of which it is -unnecessary to describe, but it proved to be occasioned by fullness of -blood, as it was removed by cupping in the temple. I lost four ounces of -blood from the temple; and thinking that the loss of a little more might -be advantageous, I had eight ounces taken from the back; and in order to -prevent the necessity, as far as possible, of future bleeding, I -resolved to reduce the system--by increasing my Exercise and diminishing -my Diet. - -I therefore took an early opportunity of seeing Mr. Jackson, (whose -respectability and skill as a teacher of sparring is universally -acknowledged,) and after some Conversation with him, determined upon -acting under his Advice. - -I accordingly commenced _Sparring_, having provided myself with flannel -Dresses, which I always used, being extremely careful on changing them -to avoid the risk of cold, and I recollect no instance in which I was -not successful. - -I also had recourse to _Riding_ Schools, riding without stirrups, so as -to have the advantage of the most powerful exercise the Horse could -give;--these exercises I took in the morning in the proportion probably -of sparring twice a week, and riding three or four times. - -Frequently at night I resumed my Exercise,--_Walking_ and sometimes -_Running_, generally performing about five miles an hour, till I again -produced perspiration; every other Opportunity I could resort to of -bodily exercise I also availed myself of. - -In respect to diet, I had accustomed myself to Suppers and drinking -excellent Table Beer in large quantities, and for probably ten Years, -had indulged myself with Brandy and Water after Supper:--this practice I -entirely discontinued, substituting Toast and Water with my Dinner, and -Tea and a good allowance of Toast for Supper, always avoiding copious -Draughts. - -I left off drinking malt Liquor as a habit, and indeed, very seldom -drank it at all.--I took somewhat less meat at Dinner, avoiding Pies and -Puddings as much as possible, but always took three or four Glasses of -Port after dinner. - -During the time I was under this training, I took the opinion of an -eminent Physician upon the subject, who entirely approved of my Plan, -and recommended the occasional use of Aperient medicine, but which I -seldom resorted to. - -_The Result of all this, was a reduction of my Weight of upwards of -three Stone_, or about Forty-five Pounds, _in about six or seven -months_.--I found my activity very much increased, and my wind -excellent, but, I think, my Strength not quite so great, though I did -not experience any material Reduction of it: my Health was perfect -throughout. - -I then relaxed my System a little, and have up to the present time, -being a period of ten Years, avoided the necessity of bleeding, and have -enjoyed an almost uninterrupted continuance of good Health, although my -Weight has gradually increased; sometimes, however, fluctuating between -7 or 8 Pounds and a Stone, according to my means of Exercise,--always -increasing in Winter, and losing in Summer;--and at this moment (January -29th, 1821,) I am about a Stone more than I ought to be, having -ascertained, that my best bodily Strength, is at sixteen Stone and a -half. - -When the object is _to Reduce Weight_, rest and moderate Food will -always sufficiently restore the exhaustion arising from Exercise;--if -an additional quantity of Food and nourishing Liquors be resorted to, -the Body will in general be restored to the weight it was before the -Exercise. - -I have sometimes lost from ten ounces to a Pound in weight by an Hour's -sparring. If the object be not to reduce the weight, the Food may safely -be proportioned to the Exercise. - -You will readily perceive, that the plan I adopted, ought only to be -resorted to by Persons of sound Constitution and of athletic bodily -Frame,--it would be absurd to lay down a general rule for the adoption -of all fat men. - -I think, with all lusty men, the drinking of malt Liquor of any kind is -injurious,--Meat taken more than once a day is liable to the same -Objection. I still persevere in the disuse of malt Liquors and Spirits, -and Suppers, seldom taking more than four Glasses of Wine as a -habit,--although I do not now deem it necessary to make myself so far -the Slave of habit, as to refuse the Pleasures of the Table when they -offer. - - I am, dear Sir, - - Yours very truly, - - * * * * * - -The following are the most interesting Facts in Dr. Bryan Robinson's -Essay on the Food and Discharges of the Human Body, 8vo. 1748, which has -become scarce. - -"I am now, in _May_ 1747, in the 68th year of my age. The length of my -Body is 63 Inches: I am of a sanguine but not robust constitution--and -am at present neither lean nor fat. In the year 1721 the Morning weight -of my body without Clothes, was about 131 Avoirdupois pounds, the daily -weight of my food at a medium was about 85 Avoirdupois ounces, and the -proportion of my Drink to my Meat, I judge was at that time about -2.5--to 1. - -"At the latter end of _May_ 1744, my weight was above 164 pounds, and -the proportion of my Drink to my Meat was considerably greater than -before, and had been so for some time. I was then seized with a -Paralytic disorder, which obliged me to make an alteration in my diet. -In order to settle the proportion of my Drink to my Meat, I considered -what others have said concerning this proportion. - -"According to _Sanctorius_, though he reckons it a disproportion, the -drink to the meat in his time, was about 10 to 3 in temperate bodies. - - CORNARO'S drink to his Meat, was as 7 to 6. - Mr. RYE'S, in winter, as 4 to 3. - Dr. LINING'S, at a medium 11 to 3. - And my drink to my meat 5 to 2. - A mean taken from all these makes the - Drink to the Meat--about 2 to 1. - - B. ROBINSON _on Food and Discharges_, p. 34. - -"At the age of 64, by lessening my food, and increasing the proportion -of my meat to my drink, _i. e._ by lessening my drink about a third -part, (_i. e._ to 20 ounces) and my meat about a sixth, (_i. e._ 38 -ounces) of what they were in 1721, I have freed myself for these two -years past from the returns of a _Sore throat_ and -_Diarrhoea_,--Disorders I often had, though they were but slight, and -never confined me. I have been much more costive than I was before, when -I lived more fully, and took more Exercise, and have greatly, for my -age, recovered the paralytic weakness I was seized with three years ago. - -"Hence we gather, that good and constant Health consists in a just -quantity of food; and a just proportion of the meat to the drink: and -that to be freed from chronical disorders contracted by -Intemperance--the quantity of food ought to be lessened; and the -proportion of the meat to the drink increased--more or less, according -to the greatness of the disorders, p. 61. - -"I commonly ate four ounces of Bread and Butter, and drank half a pound -of a very weak infusion of Green Tea for _Breakfast_. For _Dinner_ I -took two ounces of Bread, and the rest Flesh-meat,--Beef, Mutton, Pork, -Veal, Hare, Rabbit, Goose, Turkey, Fowl tame and wild, and Fish. I -generally chose the strongest meats as fittest, since they agreed well -with my stomach, to keep up the power of my body under this great -diminution of my food; I seldom took any _Garden stuff_--finding that it -commonly lessened perspiration and _increased my weight_.--I drank four -ounces of water with my meat and a pound of Claret after I had done -eating. At night I ate nothing, but drank 12 ounces of water with a pipe -of Tobacco, p. 63. - -"There is but one Weight, under which a grown body can enjoy the best -and most uninterrupted Health. p. 91. That Weight is such as enables the -Heart to supply the several parts of the body with just quantities of -Blood. p. 100. - -"The weight under which an Animal has the greatest strength and -activity--which I shall call its _Athletic weight_,--is that weight -under which the Heart--and the proportion of the weight of the Heart to -the weight of the body are greatest: the strength of the Muscles is -measured by the strength of the Heart, p. 117. - -"If the weight of the body of an Animal be greater than its _Athletic -Weight_, it may be reduced to that weight by evacuations, dry food and -exercise. These lessen the weight of the Body, by wasting its fat, and -lessening its Liver; and they increase the weight of the Heart, by -increasing the quantity and motion of the blood. Thus a game Cock in ten -days is reduced to his athletic weight, and prepared for fighting. - -"If the Food, which with Evacuations and Exercise, reduced the Cock to -his athletic weight in ten days, be continued any longer, the Cock will -not have that strength and activity which he had before under his -athletic weight; which may be owing to the loss of weight going on after -he arrives at his athletic weight. - -"It is known by experiment, that a Cock cannot stand above 24 hours at -his athletic weight, and that a Cock has changed very much for the worse -in 12 hours. - -"When a Cock is at the top of his condition, that is, when he is at his -athletic weight, his Head is of a glowing red colour, his Neck thick, -and his Thigh thick and firm;--the day after his complexion is less -glowing, his Neck thinner, and his Thigh softer;--and the third day his -Thigh will be very soft and flaccid. p. 119. - -"If the increase of weight in a small compass of time, rise to above a -certain quantity, it will cause disorders. - -"I can bear an increase of above a pound and a half in one day, and an -increase of three or four pounds in six or seven days, without being -disordered; but think I should suffer from an increase of five or six -pounds in that time. - -"An increase of weight may be carried off by lessening the Food,--or by -increasing the Discharges.--The discharges may be increased either by -exercise, or by evacuations procured by art. - -"By lessening the daily quantity of my food to 23 ounces, I have lost 26 -ounces;--by fasting a whole day, I lost 48 ounces, having gained 27 the -day before. - -"Mr. Rye was a strong, well set, corpulent man, of a sanguine -complexion; by a brisk walk for one hour before breakfast he threw off, -by insensible perspiration, one pound of increased weight; by a walk of -three hours, he threw off two pounds of increased weight. The best way -to take off an increase of weight which threatens a distemper, is either -by fasting or exercise. p. 84. - -"The mean loss of weight by several grown bodies caused by a purging -medicine composed of a drachm of _Jalap_ and ten grains of _Calomel_, -was about 2-3/4 Avoirdupois pounds; and the mean quantity of Liquor, -drank during the time of Purging, was about double the loss of -Weight."--ROBINSON _on the Animal Economy_, p. 458. - -"I have lost, by a spontaneous _Diarrhoea_, two pounds in twenty-four -hours; and Mr. Rye lost twice that quantity in the same time."--_On the -Food and Discharges of Human Bodies_, by B. ROBINSON, p. 84. - -"Most _Chronic Diseases_--arise from too much _Food_ and too little -_Exercise_,--both of which lessen the weight of the Heart and the -quantity of Blood;--the first by causing fatness; the second by a -diminution of the blood's motion. - -"Hence, when the LIVER is grown too large by Intemperance and -Inactivity, it may be lessened and brought to a healthful magnitude by -Temperance and Exercise.--It may be emptied other ways by art; but -nothing can prevent its filling again, and consequently secure good and -constant Health--but an exact Diet and Exercise. Purging and Vomiting -may lessen the Liver, and reduce it to its just magnitude;--but these -evacuations cannot prevent its increasing again, so long as persons -live too fully, and use too little exercise--and can only be done by -lessening the Food and increasing the Exercise." - -"Much sleep, much food, and little exercise, are the principal things -which make animals grow fat. If the Body, on account of Age or other -Infirmities, cannot use sufficient Exercise, and takes much the same -quantity of Sleep, its weight must be lessened by lessening the Food, -which may be done by lessening the Drink, without making any change in -the Meat; as I have proved myself by experience."--p. 90. - -On this subject, see also--Dr. STARK on _Diet_, and SANCTORIUS' -_Medecina Statica_. Dr. HEMING on _Corpulency_.--Mr. WADD on -_Corpulency_.--Dr. ARBUTHNOT on _Aliment_. - - - - -SLEEP. - - - "When tired with vain rotations of the Day, - Sleep winds us up for the succeeding dawn." - - YOUNG. - -Health may be as much injured by interrupted and _insufficient Sleep_, -as by luxurious indulgence. - -Valetudinarians who regularly retire to rest, and arise at certain -hours, are unable, without injurious violence to their feelings--to -resist the inclination to do so. - - "Pliant Nature more or less demands - As Custom forms her; and _all sudden change - She hates_, of Habit even from _bad_ to _good_. - If faults in Life--or new emergencies - From Habits[24] urge you by _long time_ confirm'd, - Slow must the change arrive, and stage by stage, - Slow as the stealing progress of the Year." - - ARMSTRONG'S _Art of Preserving Health_. - -How important it is, then, to cultivate good and convenient -Habits:--_Custom_ will soon render the most rigid rules, not only easy, -but agreeable.-- - - "The Strong, by bad habits, grow weaker, we know; - And by good ones, the Weak will grow stronger also." - -The Debilitated require much more rest than the Robust:--nothing is so -restorative to the nerves, as sound, and uninterrupted Sleep, which is -the chief source of both Bodily and Mental Strength. - -The Studious need a full portion of Sleep, which seems to be as -necessary nutriment to the Brain, as Food is to the Stomach. - -Our Strength and Spirits are infinitely more exhausted by the exercise -of our Mental, than by the labour of our Corporeal faculties--let any -person try the effect of _Intense Application_ for a few hours--He will -soon find how much his Body is fatigued thereby, although He has not -stirred from the Chair He sat on. - -Those who are candidates for Health--must be as circumspect in the task -they set their mind,--as in the exercise they give to their Body. - -Dr. ARMSTRONG, the Poet of Health, observes, - - "'Tis _the great Art of_ LIFE to manage well - The restless Mind." - -The grand secret seems to be, to contrive that the exercise of the Body, -and that of the Mind, may serve as relaxations to each other. - -Over Exertion, or Anxiety of Mind, disturbs Digestion infinitely more -than any fatigue of Body--the Brain demands a much more abundant supply -of the Animal Spirits, than is required for the excitement of mere Legs -and Arms. - - "'Tis the Sword that wears out the Scabbard." - -Of the two ways of fertilizing the Brain--by Sleep, or by Spirituous -Stimulus--(for some write best in the Morning, others when wound up with -Wine, after Dinner or Supper:) the former is much less expensive--and -less injurious to the constitution than either Port, or Brandy, whose -aid it is said that some of our best Authors have been indebted to, for -their most brilliant productions. - -Calling one day on a literary friend, we found him reclining on a -Sofa--on expressing our concern to find him indisposed, he said, "No, I -was only _hatching_,--I have been writing till I was quite tired--my -paper must go to Press to day--so I was taking my usual restorative--_A -Nap_--which if it only lasts five minutes, so refreshes my Mind--that -my Pen goes to work again spontaneously." - -Is it not better _Economy of Time_, to go to sleep for half an -hour,--than to go on noodling all day in a nerveless and -semi-superannuated state--if not asleep, certainly not effectively -Awake--for any purpose requiring the Energy of either the Body, or the -Mind. - -"_A Forty Winks Nap_," in an horizontal posture, is the best preparative -for any extraordinary exertion of either. - -Those who possess, and employ the powers of the Mind most--seldom attain -the greatest Age[25]:--see BRUNAUD _de L'Hygiene des Gens de Lettres, -Paris_, 8vo. 1819:--the Envy their Talent excites,--the Disappointment -they often meet with in their expectations of receiving the utmost -attention and respect, (which the world has seldom the gratitude to pay -them while they live,) keep them in a perpetual state of irritation and -disquiet--which frets them prematurely to their Grave[26]. - -_To rest a whole Day_--under great fatigue of either Body or Mind, is -occasionally extremely beneficial--it is impossible to regulate Sleep by -the hour;--when the Mind and the Body have received all the refreshment -which Sleep can give, people cannot lie in Bed, and till then, they -should not Rise[27]. - - "Preach not me your musty Rules - Ye Drones, that mould in idle cell; - The Heart is wiser than the Schools, - The Senses always reason well." - - COMUS. - -Our Philosophical Poet here gives the best practical maxim on the -subject for Valetudinarians--who, by following his advice, may render -their Existence, instead of a dull unvaried round of joyless, useless -self-denial,--a circle of agreeable sensation;--for instance, go not to -your Bed till You are tired of sitting up--then remain in an Horizontal -posture,--till You long to change it for a Vertical: thus, by a little -management, the inevitable business of Life may be converted into a -source of continual Enjoyment. - -All-healing Sleep soon neutralizes the corroding caustic of Care--and -blunts even the barbed arrows of the marble-hearted Fiend, Ingratitude. - -When the Pulse is almost paralysed by Anxiety,--half an hour's repose, -will cheer the circulation, restore tranquillity to the perturbed -spirit--and dissipate those heavy clouds of _Ennui_, which sometimes -threaten to eclipse the brightest Minds, and best Hearts.--Child of Woe, -lay thy Head on thy pillow, (instead of thy Mouth to the bottle,) and -bless me for directing Thee to the true source of Lethe--and most -sovereign _Nepenthe_ for the Sorrows of Human Life. - -The Time requisite to restore the waste occasioned by the action of the -Day--depends on the activity of the habits, and on the Health of the -Individual,--in general it cannot be less than Seven--and need not be -more than Nine hours[28]. - -Invalids will derive much benefit from indulging in the _Siesta_ -whenever they feel languid. - -A Sailor will tell you, that a Seaman can sleep as much in five hours, -as a Landsman can in ten. - -Whether rising very early lengthens Life we know not,--but think that -sitting up very late shortens it,--and recommend you to rise by eight, -and retire to rest by eleven; your feelings will bear out the adage, -that "_one_ Hour's rest before midnight, is worth _two_ after." - -When OLD PEOPLE have been examined with a view to ascertain the causes -of their Longevity, they have uniformly agreed in one thing only,--that -they ALL _went to Bed early, and rose early_. - - "Early to bed, and early to rise, - Will make you healthy, wealthy, and wise." - -Dr. FRANKLIN published an ingenious Essay on the advantage of early -rising--He called it "_an Economical Project_," and calculated, that the -saving that might be made in the City of Paris, _by using Sunshine -instead of Candles_--at no less than L4,000,000 Sterling. - -If the Delicate, and the nervous, the very Young, or the very Old--sit -up beyond their usual hour, they feel the want of artificial aid, to -raise their spirits to what is no more than the ordinary pitch of those -who are in the vigour of their Life--and must fly from the festive -board--or purchase a few hours of hilarity at the heavy price of -Head-Ach and Dyspepsia for many days after; and a terrible exasperation -of any Chronic Complaint they are afflicted with. - -When the Body and Mind are both craving repose--to force their action, -by the spur of spirituous stimulus, is the most extravagant waste of the -"VIS VITAE," that Fashion ever invented to consume her foolish -Votaries--for Fools they certainly are, who mortgage the comfort of a -Week, for the conviviality of an Hour--with the certainty of their term -of Life being speedily foreclosed by Gout, Palsy, &c. - -Among the most distressing miseries of this "Elysium of Bricks and -Mortar," may be reckoned how rarely we enjoy "the sweets of a Slumber -unbroke." - -Sound passes through the thin PARTY WALLS of modern Houses, (_which of -the first rate, at the_ FIRE PLACE, _are only four inches in -thickness_;) with most unfortunate facility; this is really an evil of -the first magnitude,--if You are so unlucky as to have for next door -neighbours--fashionable folks who turn night into day, or such as -delight in the sublime Economy of Cindersaving, or Cobweb catching,--it -is in vain to seek repose, before the former has indulged in the -Evening's recreation of raking out the Fire, and has played with the -Poker till it has made all the red coals black; or, after _Molidusta_, -the Tidy One, has awoke the Morn--with "the Broom, the bonny, bonny -Broom." - -A determined Dusthunter, or Cindersaver, murders its neighbour's -sleep--with as little mercy, as Macbeth did Malcolm's--and bangs doors, -and rattles Window shutters, till the "Earth trembles, and Air is -aghast!" - -All attempts to conciliate a Savage who is in this fancy--will be labour -in vain--the arrangement of its fire[29] is equally the occupation of -the morning, and the amusement of the evening; the preservation of a -Cinder and the destruction of a Cobweb, are the main business of its -existence:--the best advice we can give you, gentle Reader--is to send -it this little Book--and beseech it to place the following pages -opposite to its Optic nerves some morning--after you have diverted it -from Sleep every half hour during the preceding Night[30]. - -Counsellor SCRIBBLEFAST, a Special Pleader, who lived on a ground-floor -in the Temple--about the time that Sergeant PONDER who dwelt on the -first floor, retired to rest, began to practise his Violoncello, _"And -his loud voice in Thunder spoke."_--The Student above--by way of giving -him a gentle hint, struck up _"Gently strike the warbling Lyre,"_ and -Will. Harmony's favourite Hornpipes of _"Dont Ye,"_ and _"Pray be -Quiet:"_ however, the _dolce_ and _pianissimo_ of poor PONDER produced -no diminution of the _prestissimo_ and _fortissimo_ of the indefatigable -SCRIBBLEFAST. - -PONDER, prayed "silence in the Court," and complained in most pathetic -terms--but, alas! his "_lowly suit and plaintive ditty_" made not the -least impression on him who was beneath him.--He at length procured a -set of Skettles, and as soon as his musical neighbour had done fiddling, -he began _con strepito_, and bowled away merrily till the morning -dawned.--The enraged Musician did not wait long after daylight, to put -in his plea against such proceedings, and received in reply, that such -exercise had been ordered by a Physician, as the properest Paregoric, -after being disturbed by the thorough Bass of the Big Fiddle below--this -soon convinced the tormentor of Catgut, who dwelt on the Ground-Floor, -that He could not annoy his superior with Impunity, and produced silence -on both sides. - -People are very unwisely inconsiderate how much it is their own -Interest to attend to the comforts of their Neighbours, for which we -have a divine command "to love our neighbour as ourself." "_Sic utere -tuo, ut alienum non laedas_," is the maxim of our English law. -Interrupting one's Sleep is as prejudicial to Health, as any of the -nuisances Blackstone enumerates as actionable. - -The majority of the _Dogs_,--_Parrots_,--_Piano-Fortes_, &c. in this -Metropolis, are _Actionable Nuisances_!!! - -However inferior in rank and fortune, &c. your next door neighbour may -be--there are moments when He may render you the most valuable -service.--"A Lion owed his life to the exertions of a Mouse." - -Those who have not the power to please--should have the discretion not -to offend;--the most humble may have opportunities to return a Kindness, -or resent an Insult. - -It is Madness to wantonly annoy any one. - -There is plenty of Time for the performance of all offensively noisy -operations, between 10 in the Morning and 10 at Night--during which the -industrious Housemaid may indulge her Arms in their full swing--and -while she polishes her black-leaded grate to the lustre which is so -lovely in the eyes of "_the Tidy_," the TAT-TOO her brush strikes up -against its sides may be performed without distressing the irritable -ears of her Nervous Neighbours--to whom _undisturbed Repose is the most -Vital Nourishment_. - -_Little Sweep Soot Ho_ is another dreadful disturber.--The shrill -screaming of these poor boys, "making night hideous," (indeed at any -time) at five or six o'clock in cold dark weather, is a most barbarous -custom, and frequently disturbs a whole street before they rouse the -drowsy sluggard who sent for him--his _Row dy Dow_ when he reaches the -top of the Chimney, and his progress down again, awaken the soundest -sleepers, who often wish, that, instead of the Chimney,--he was smiting -the skull of the Barbarian who set the poor Child to work at such an -unseasonable hour. - -The Editor's feelings are tremblingly alive on this subject. - - "Finis coronat opus." - -However soundly he has slept during the early part of the night--if the -finishing Nap in the morning is interrupted from continuing to its -natural termination--his whole System is shook by it, and all that sleep -has before done for him, is undone in an instant;--he gets up distracted -and languid, and the only part of his head that is of any use to him, is -the hole between his Nose and Chin. - -The firm Health of those who live in the Country, arises not merely from -breathing a purer Air,--but from quiet and regular habits, especially -the enjoyment of plenty of undisturbed Repose,--this enables them to -take Exercise, which gives them an Appetite, and by taking their food at -less distant and more equally divided intervals--they receive a more -regular supply of that salutary nourishment, which is necessary to -restore the wear of the system, and support it in an uniform state of -excitement,--equally exempt from the languor of inanition, and the -fever of repletion. - -Thus, the Animal Functions are performed with a perfection and -regularity, the tranquillity of which, in the incessantly irregular -habits of a Town-life, is continually interrupted,--some ridiculous -Anxiety or other consumes the Animal Spirits, and the important process -of Restoration is imperfectly performed. - -_Dyspeptic and Nervous disorders_, and an inferior degree of both -extensive and intensive Life[31] are the inevitable consequence, and are -the lowest price for (what are called) _the Pleasures of Fashionable -Society_. - -Dr. Cadogan has told us (very truly) that Chronic diseases, (and we may -add, most of those equivocal Disorders, which are continually teasing -people, but are too insignificant to induce them to institute a medical -process to remove them,) are caused by Indolence--Intemperance--and -Vexation. - -It is the fashion to refer all these Disorders to Debility--but Debility -is no more than the effect of Indolence, Intemperance, and Vexation--the -two first are under our own immediate control--and Temperance, Industry, -and Activity, are the best remedies to prevent, or remove the Debility -which reduces our means of resisting the third. - -During _the Summer_ of Life[32], _i. e._ the second period of it, (see -page 34,) while we hope that every thing may come right, the Heart -bounds with vigour, and the Vital flame burns too brightly to be much, -or long subdued by vexation. - -This originally least cause, soon becomes the greatest, and in _the -Autumn_ of our existence, when Experience has dissipated the theatric -illusion with which Hope varnished the expectations of our earlier days, -we begin to fear that every thing will go wrong. - - "The whips and scorns of Time, - The oppressor's wrong, the proud man's contumely, - The pangs of despis'd Love, the Law's delay, - The insolence of office, and the spurns - That patient merit of the unworthy takes." - -The insatiable ruling passions of the second and third periods of -Life,--Ambition and Avarice,--the loss of our first and best friends, -our Parents,--regret for the past, and anxiety about the future, prevent -the enjoyment of the present,--and are _the cause of those Nervous and -Bilious Disorders_, which attack most of us at the commencement of the -third period of Life--these _precursors of Palsy and Gout_, may -generally be traced to Disappointments and Anxiety of mind[33]; and - -People need not groan about the Insanities and Absurdities of others--it -is surely quite sufficient to suffer for our own, of which most of us -have plenty--we ought to endeavour to convert those of others, into -causes of comfort and consolation, instead of fretting about them--if -you receive rudeness in return for civility--and ingratitude for -kindness, it may move your Pity--but should never excite your -Anger--instead of murmuring at Heaven for having created such Crazy -Creatures! be fervently thankful that you are not equally inconsistent -and ridiculous--and Pray, that your own Mind, may not be afflicted with -the like aberrations. - -_Indigestion_[34], is the chief cause of perturbed Sleep, and often -excites the imaginary presence of that troublesome Bedfellow _the -Nightmare_. On this subject see _Peptic Precepts_ (Index.) - -Some cannot Sleep if they eat any Supper--and certainly the lighter this -meal is, the better--Others, need not put on their Night cap, if they -do not first bribe their Stomachs to good behaviour by a certain -quantity of Bread and Cheese and Beer, &c. &c., and go to Bed almost -immediately after. - -As to the wholesomeness of _a Solid Supper, per se_, we do not think it -advisable,--but habit may have made it indispensable, and we know it is -often the most comfortable Meal among the middle ranks of Society, who -have as large a share of Health as any. - -We caution _Bad sleepers_ to beware how they indulge in the habit of -exciting sleep, by taking any of the preparations of _Opium_--they are -all injurious to the Stomach--and often inconvenient in their effects -upon the Bowels:-- - -"REPOSE _by small fatigue is earned_, and Weariness can snore upon the -flint, when nesty Sloth, finds a down pillow hard." - -As there can be no good _Digestion_ without diligent _Mastication_,--so -there can be no sound _Sleep_, without sufficient _Exercise_. - -_The most inoffensive and agreeable Anodyne_ is to drink some good White -Wine, or Mulled Wine, by way of a supplement to your Night cap.--One -glass, taken when in Bed, immediately before lying down, is as effective -as two or three if you sit up any time after.--(See _Tewahdiddle_, No. -467.) - -Many people, if awoke during their first sleep, are unsettled all that -night--and uncomfortable and nervous the following day.--The first sleep -of those who eat Suppers, commonly terminates when the food passes from -the Stomach.--Invalids then awake, and sometimes remain so, in a -Feverish state,--the Stomach feeling discontented from being unoccupied, -and having nothing to play with:--a small crust of Bread, or a bit of -Biscuit well chewed, accompanied or not, as Experience and Instinct will -suggest, with a few mouthsful of Mutton or Beef Broth (No. 564), or -Toast and Water (No. 463*), or single Grog[35], (_i. e._ one Brandy to -nine Waters), will often restore its tranquillity, and catch Sleep -again, which nothing invites so irresistibly, as introducing something -to the Stomach,--that will entertain it, without fatiguing it. - -We have heard persons say they have been much distressed by an -intemperate craving for Food when they awoke out of their first sleep, -and have not got to sleep soundly again after--and risen in the morning -as tired as when they went to bed at night--but without any appetite for -Breakfast--such will derive great benefit from the foregoing Advice. - -_A Broth_ (No. 564), _or Gruel_ (No. 572) _Supper_, is perhaps the best -for the Dyspeptic,--and those who have eaten and drank plentifully at -Dinner. - -THE BED ROOM should be in the quietest situation possible, as it were -"_the Temple of Silence_,"--and, if possible, not less than 16 feet -square--the height of this Apartment, _in which we pass almost half of -our Time_, is in modern houses absurdly abridged, to increase that of -the Drawing Room, which is often not occupied once in a month:--instead -of living in the pleasant part of the House, where they might enjoy -Light and Air, how often we find people squeezing themselves into "a -nice snug Parlour," where Apollo cannot spy. - -We do not recommend either _Curtains_ or _Tester_, &c. to the BED, -especially during the Summer;--by the help of these, those who might -have the benefit of the free circulation of air in a large Room, very -ingeniously contrive to reduce it to a small Closet:--_Chimney-Boards_ -and _Window-Curtains_ are also inadmissible in a Bed Room; but -Valetudinarians who are easily awoke, or very susceptible of Cold, will -do wisely to avail themselves of well made _Double[36] Windows and -Doors_, these exclude both Noise and Cold in a very considerable degree. - -_The best Bed_ is a well stuffed and well curled _Horsehair Mattress_, -six inches thick at the Head, gradually diminishing to three at Feet, -on this another Mattress five or six inches in thickness: these should -be unpicked and exposed to the air, once every Year. An elastic -Horsehair mattress, is incomparably the most pleasant, as well as the -most wholesome Bed. - -_Bed Rooms_ should be thoroughly ventilated by leaving both the Window -and the Door open every day when the weather is not cold or damp--during -which the Bed should remain unmade, and the Clothes be taken off and -spread out for an hour, at least, before the Bed is made again. - -_In very Hot Weather_, the temperature becomes considerably cooler every -minute after ten o'clock--between eight o'clock and twelve, the -Thermometer often falls in Sultry weather--from ten to twenty -degrees--and those who can sit up till twelve o'clock, will have the -advantage of sleeping in an Atmosphere many degrees cooler, than those -who go to bed at ten:--this is extremely important to Nervous -Invalids--who however extremely they may suffer from heat, we cannot -advise to sleep with the smallest part of the window open during the -night--in such sultry days, the _Siesta_ (see page 94,) will not only be -a great support against the heat, but will help You to sit up to enjoy -the advantage above stated. - -_A Fire in the Bed Room_, is sometimes indispensable--but not as usually -made--it is commonly lighted only just before bed-time, and prevents -Sleep by the noise it makes, and the unaccustomed stimulus of its light. - -Chimneys frequently smoke when a fire is first lighted, particularly in -snowy and frosty weather; and an Invalid has to encounter not only the -damp and cold of the Room--but has his Lungs irritated with the -sulphureous puffs from the fresh lighted Fire. - -A Fire should be lighted about three or four hours before, and so -managed that it may burn entirely out half an hour before you go to -Bed--then the air of the room will be comfortably warmed--and certainly -more fit to receive an Invalid who has been sitting all day in a parlour -as hot as an Oven,--than a damp chamber, that is as cold as a Well. - - - - -THE SIESTA. - - -The Power of _Position_ and _Temperature_ to alleviate the Paroxysms of -many Chronic Disorders, has not received the consideration it -deserves--a little attention to the variations of the Pulse, will soon -point out the effect they produce on the Circulation, &c.--_extremes of -Heat and Cold_, with respect to Food, Drink, and Air, are equally to be -guarded against. - -_Old and Cold Stomachs_--The Gouty--and those whose Digestive Faculties -are Feeble--should never have any thing _Cold_[37], or _Old_, put into -them--especially in Cold Weather. - -_Food must take the temperature of our Stomach_, (which is probably not -less than 120,) _before Digestion can commence_. - -When the Stomach is feeble, _Cold Food_ frequently produces -Flatulence--Palpitation of the Heart, &c.--and all the other troublesome -accompaniments of Indigestion.--The immediate remedy for these is Hot -Brandy and Water, and the horizontal Posture. - -_Dyspeptic Invalids_ will find 75 a good temperature for their drink at -Dinner, and 120 for Tea, &c. - -Persons who are in a state of Debility from Age,--or other causes,--will -derive much benefit from laying down, and seeking Repose whenever they -feel fatigued, especially during (the first half-hour at least of) the -business of Digestion--and will receive almost as much refreshment from -half an hour's Sleep--as from Half a Pint of Wine. - -_The Restorative influence of the recumbent Posture_, cannot be -conceived--the increased energy it gives to the circulation, and to the -organs of Digestion, can only be understood by those Invalids who have -experienced the comforts of it. - -_The Siesta_ is not only advisable, but indispensable to those whose -occupations oblige them to keep late hours. - -ACTORS especially, whose profession is, of all others, the most -fatiguing--and requires both the Mind and the Body to be in the most -intense exertion between 10 and 12 o'clock at Night,--should avail -themselves of the _Siesta_--which is the true source of Energy--half an -hour's repose in the horizontal posture, is a most beneficial -Restorative. - -_Good Beef Tea_[38], (No. 563), with a little bit of slightly toasted -Bread taken about nine o'clock--is a comforting restorative, which will -support You through exertions that, without such assistance, are -exhausting--and you go to bed fatigued--get up fevered, &c. - -When Performers feel _Nervous, &c._--and fear the circulation is below -_Par_,--and too languid to afford the due excitement, half an hour -before they sing, &c.--they will do wisely, to wind up their System, -with a little "_Balsamum Vitae_."--See "PEPTIC PRECEPTS."--Or tune their -throats to the pitch of healthy vibration with a small glass of -JOHNSON'S[39] "_Witte Curacoa_," see (No. 474) and Index, a glass of -Wine, or other stimulus.-- - -To "Wet your Whistle," is occasionally, as absolutely necessary, as "to -rosin the Bow of a Violin."--See "Observations on Vocal Music," prefixed -to the Opera of _Ivanhoe_. - -ACTORS and SINGERS are continually assailed by a variety of -circumstances extremely unfavourable to Health--especially from sitting -up late at night--to counteract which, we recommend _the Siesta_, and -plenty of Exercise in a pure Air. - -When they feel _Nervous_--_Bilious, &c. i. e._ that their whole System -is so deranged by fatigue and anxiety, that they cannot proceed -effectively and comfortably,--they must give their Throats two or three -days' rest--cleanse the Alimentary Canal with Peristaltic -Persuaders--see Index--and corroborate the Organs of Digestion with the -Tonic Tincture (No. 569), see Index. - -Strong PEPPERMINT LOZENGES, made by SMITH, Fell Street, Wood Street, -Cheapside, are very convenient portable Carminatives:--as soon as they -are dissolved, their influence is felt from the beginning to the end of -the Alimentary Canal--they dissipate Flatulence so immediately, that -they well deserve the name of _Vegetable Ether_; and are recommended to -SINGERS and PUBLIC SPEAKERS--as giving effective excitement to the -Organs of Voice--as a support against the distressing effects of Fasting -too long--and to give energy to the Stomach between Meals. - -THE POWER OF THE VOICE depends upon the vigorous state of the -circulation supplying the Organs of Voice, with energy to execute the -intentions of the Singer or Speaker--without which--the most accurate -Ear and experienced Throat, will sometimes fail in producing the exact -quality and quantity of Tone they intend. - -That the VOICE is sometimes _too Flat_, or _too Sharp, &c._ is not a -matter of astonishment--to those who really understand how arduous a -task Singers have sometimes to perform;--it would only be wonderful if -it was not--how is the Throat exempted from those collapses which -occasionally render imperfect the action of every other fibre and -function of our Body? - -The _Dyspeptic_, who Tries the effect of Recumbency after Eating,--will -soon be convinced that _Tristram Shandy_ was right enough, when he said, -that "both pain, and pleasure, are best supported in an horizontal -posture." - -"If after Dinner the Poppies of repletion shed their influence on thy -Eyelids--indulge thou kind Nature's hint."--"A quiet slumber in a -comfortable warm room, favoureth the operation of Digestion--and thou -shalt rise, refreshed, and ready for the amusements of the Evening." - -The _Semi-Siesta_ is a pleasant position--(_i. e._ putting up the feet -on a stool about eight inches high;) but catching a nap in a Chair is -advisable only as a substitute when the Horizontal posture is not -convenient--when you can, lie down on a Sofa--loosen all ligatures--and -give your Bowels fair play. - -These opinions,--which are the results of Personal experience--are -exactly in unison with those of the following Medical Professors. - -"From Eating comes Sleep--from Sleep Digestion."--SANCTORIUS, Sec. iv. -Aph. 59. - -"Perhaps one of the uses of Sleep, and of the horizontal posture during -that period--may be to facilitate the introduction of Chyle into the -Blood."--CRUICKSHANK _on the Absorbents_, p. 95. - -"The Brute Creation invariably lay down and enjoy a state of rest, the -moment their stomachs are filled. People who are feeble, digest their -Dinner best, if they lie down and sleep as most Animals do, when their -stomachs are full."--DARWIN'S _Zoonomia_, vol. iv. p. 137. - -"Dr. HARWOOD, Professor of Anatomy at Cambridge, took two pointers who -were equally hungry, and fed them equally well,--_one_ he suffered to -follow the promptings of Instinct--curled himself round till he was -comfortable--and went to sleep, as animals generally do after -eating--the _other_ was kept for about two hours in constant exercise. -On his return home--the two Dogs were killed.--In the Stomach of the -_one_ who had been quiet and asleep, all the food was digested; in the -Stomach of _the other_, that process was hardly begun." - -"Quiet of Body and Mind for two hours after Dinner, is certainly useful -to the Studious, the Delicate, and the Invalid."--ADAIR _on Diet_, p. -44. - -"After Dinner, rest for three hours."--ABERNETHY'S _Surgical Obs_. 8vo. -1817, p. 93. - -"After Dinner sit a while."--_Eng. Prov._ - -"If you have a strong propensity to Sleep after Dinner--indulge it, the -process of Digestion goes on much better during Sleep, and I have always -found an irresistible propensity to it--whenever Dyspeptic symptoms were -considerable."--WALLER _on Incubus_, 1816, p. 109. - -"Aged Men--and weake bodies, a short _Sleepe_ after Dinner doth help to -nourish."--LORD BACON'S _Nat. Hist. Cent._ I. 57. - - - - -CLOTHES. - - -Of all the Customs of Clothing, the most extremely absurd is the usual -arrangement of _Bed Clothes_, which in order as the chambermaid fancies -to make the Bed look pretty in the Day time--are left long at the head, -that they may cover the Pillows; when they are turned down, You have an -intolerable load on your Lungs, and that part of the Body which is most -exposed during the day--is smothered at night--with double the quantity -of Clothes that any other part has. - -Sleep is prevented by an unpleasant degree of either Heat or Cold; and -in this ever-varying climate, where often "in one monstrous day all -seasons mix," delicate Thermometrical persons will derive much comfort -from keeping a Counterpane in reserve for an additional covering _in -very Cold Weather:_ when some extra clothing is as needful by Night,--as -a great coat is by Day. - -A Gentleman who has a mind to carry the adjustment of his Clothes to a -nicety--may have the shelves of his Wardrobe numbered 30, 40, 50, 60, -&c. and according to the degree of Cold pointed to by his -Fahrenheit[40], he may wear a corresponding defence against it:--This -mode of adjusting Dress according to the vicissitudes of the weather, -&c. is as rational as the ordinary practice of regulating it by the -Almanack, or the Fashion, which in this uncertain Climate and capricious -Age--will as often lead us wrong, as right. - -Leave off your Winter Clothes late in the Spring;--put them on early in -the Autumn. By wearing your Winter Clothes during the first half dozen -warm days--You get some fine perspirations--which are highly salutary in -removing obstructions in the cutaneous pores, &c. - -_Delicate and Dyspeptic persons are often distressed by changing their -Dress_,--which must be as uniform as possible,--in thickness--in -quality--and in form,--especially (Flannel, or indeed) whatever is worn -next to the Skin. - -The change of a thick Waistcoat for a thin one--or a long one for a -shorter one--not putting on Winter garments soon enough, or leaving them -off too soon,--will often excite a violent disorder in the Lungs--or -Bowels, &c. and exasperate any constitutional complaint. - -Those who wear _Flannel Waistcoats_, are recommended to have their new -ones about the middle of November, with sleeves to them coming down to -the wrist--the shortening these sleeves in the warm weather, is as -effective an antidote against extreme Heat--as lengthening them, and -closing the Cuff of the Coat, is against intense Cold. - -Our COAT[41] should be made so large--that when buttoned we may be as -easy as when it is unbuttoned, so that without any unpleasant increase -of pressure on the Chest, &c. we can wear it closely buttoned up to the -Chin--the power of doing this is a convenient provision against the -sudden alternations from heat to cold--buttoning up this outer garment, -will protect the delicate from many mischiefs which so often arise in -this inconstant climate from the want of such a defence; and the -additional warmth it produces will often cure slight Colds, &c. - -Another way of accumulating Caloric, is to have two sets of button holes -to the CUFF of the Coat, (especially of your Great Coat,) one of which -will bring it quite close round the wrist. - -When the Circulation is languid, and your _Feet are Cold_--wear worsted -Stockings, have your Shoes well warmed--and when you take them from the -Fire--put your Slippers[42] to it--that they may be warm and comfortable -for you on your return home. - -_In Wet Weather_ wear Shoes with double upper-leathers--- two thin -leathers will keep you much drier than one thick one, and are more -pliable--the Currier's Dubbing is the best nourisher of Leather--and -renders it as soft as satin, and impervious to Water. - -The mean temperature of England is about 50 degrees of Fahrenheit--it -sometimes rises 25 degrees above this, in the height of Summer,--falls -about as much below, in the depth of Winter--and in Summer frequently -varies from 20 to 30 degrees between Mid-day and Midnight. - -_The restoration, and the preservation of the Health, especially of -those who have passed their_ FORTIETH _Year_,--depends upon minute and -unremitting attentions to Food,--Clothes,--Exercise, &c. which taken -singly may appear trifling--but combined, are of infinite importance. - -"_If you are careful of it, Glass will last as long as Iron._" By a -regular observance of a few salutary precepts, a delicate Constitution -will last as long, and afford its Proprietor as many Amusements, as a -Strong Body,--whose Mind takes but little care of it. - -Invalids are advised to put on a Great Coat when they go out, and the -temperature of the external air is not higher than 40. Some susceptible -Constitutions require this additional clothing when the Thermometer -falls below 50; especially at the commencement of the Cold weather. - -A GREAT COAT must be kept in a Room where there is a Fire,--if it has -been hung up in a cold damp Hall, as it often is, it will contribute -about as much to your Calorification,--as if You wrapped a Wet Blanket -about You. - -_Clothes_ should be warm enough to defend us from Cold[43],--and -large[44] enough to let every movement be made with as much ease when -they are on,--as when they are off. - -Those whose employments are sedentary,--especially hard Students--who -often neglect taking sufficient Exercise[45], suffer extremely from the -pressure of tight _Waistbands_--_Garters, &c._ which are the cause of -many of the mischiefs that arise from long sitting--during which they -should be loosened. - -_Braces_ have been generally considered a great improvement in modern -dress--because they render the pressure of the Waistband unnecessary, -which when extremely close is certainly prejudicial--but we have always -thought they have produced more inconvenience than they have -removed--for if the inferior Viscera get thereby more freedom of -action--the superior suffer for it--and, moreover, _Ruptures_ are much -more frequent--the Girdle which formerly prevented them being -removed,--and, instead of that useful and partial horizontal pressure, -in spite of the elastic springs which have been attached to the Braces, -the whole body is grievously oppressed by the Vertical Bands. - -The best material for Breeches, is the elastic worsted stocking stuff. - -_Tight Stays_--and _Braces_--obstruct the circulation of the Blood, &c. -are the cause of many Chronic Complaints, and often create Organic -Diseases[46]. - - - - -FIRE. - - -As we advance in Age--the force of the circulation being lessened, the -warmth of our Clothes and our coverings at night should be gradually -increased. "After the age of 35, it may be better to exceed, rather than -be deficient in clothing."--ADAIR'S _Cautions_, p. 390. - -Cold often kills the infirm and the aged, and is the proximate cause of -most Palsies;--it is extremely desirable that Bed and Sitting Rooms for -Winter occupation, should have a Southern aspect--when the Thermometer -is below 30, the proper place for people beyond 60, is their own -Fire-side:--many of the disorders and Deaths of persons at this period -of Life--originate from irregularity in Diet, Temperature, &c. by Dining -out, and frisking about, joining in Christmas Gambols, &c. in Cold -weather. - -_The Art of making a room comfortably warm_, does not consist merely in -making a very large Fire in it--but depends as much on the keeping of -cold air out--this is best done by _Double Windows_, see page 91, and -double Doors,--at least take care that your Sashes fit close,--that the -beads of the window frames are tight--stop the aperture between the -skirting boards and the floor with putty--and list the Doors. - -We suppose it almost needless to say that every room in the house should -be thoroughly ventilated[47] by a current of fresh Air--at least once -every day, when the weather is not very damp--or cold. By making a Fire -accordingly--this may be done almost every Day in the Year. - -If You leave the Door open for _Five_ minutes--it will let in more cold -air than your Fire can make warm in _Fifteen_--therefore, initiate your -Domestics in these first principles of the _Economy of Caloric_,--and -when the Weather is cold, caution them to keep Doors shut. - -A regular Temperature may be preserved by a simple contrivance attached -to a Thermometer, which will open an aperture to admit the external -air--when the apartment is heated above the degree desired (_i. e._ -about 60 for common constitutions,) and exclude it when it falls below -it. - -A Room, which is in constant occupation all day--may be occasionally -_pumped_ by moving the door backward and forward for several minutes. - -We do not advise Invalids to indulge themselves in heating their rooms -to a higher temperature[48] than from 60 to 65.--Those who have resided -the best part of their Life in warm climates--will like the latter best. -While we recommend the Aged and Infirm to be kept comfortably warm--they -must at the same time cautiously avoid excess of heat. - -When the Thermometer tells them that the external air is under -60,--whether it be in July, or in January,--those who are susceptible of -Cold, must tell their Servants to keep a small fire--especially if the -Weather be at the same time damp. - -Those who, from caprice, or parsimony,--instead of obeying this -comfortable and salutary precept, sit shivering and murmuring, and -refuse to employ the Coal-merchant, as a substitute for the Sun--may -soon spend in Physic, more than they have saved in Fuel. - -By raising the temperature of my Room to about 65, taking a full dose of -Epsom Salts, and a Broth Diet, and retiring to rest an hour sooner than -usual, I have often very speedily got rid of _Colds_, &c. - -The following _Plan of Lighting and managing a Fire_, has been attended -with great comfort and convenience to myself, (particularly at the -beginning and the end of winter, when a very small fire is sufficient), -and I think considerable saving of coals. - -Fill your Grate with fresh coals quite up to the upper bar but one, then -lay in your faggot of wood in the usual manner, rather collected in a -mass, than scattered, that a body of concentrated heat may be produced -as soon as possible; over the faggot place the cinders of the preceding -day--piled up as high as the grate will admit, and placed loosely in -rather large fragments--in order that the draft may be free--a bit or -two of fresh coal may be added to the cinders when once they are -lighted, but no small coal must be thrown on at first, for the reason -above stated:--when all is prepared, light the wood, when the cinders -becoming in a short time thoroughly ignited--the gas rising from the -coals below, which will now be effected by the heat, will take fire as -it passes through them, leaving a very small portion of smoke to go up -the Chimney. - -The advantage of this mode of lighting a fire is, that small coal is -better suited to the purpose than large--except a few pieces in front to -keep the small from falling out of the Grate--it may be kept in reserve, -to be put on afterwards if wanted. I have frequently known my fire -lighted at 8 o'clock in the morning, continue burning till 11 at night, -without any thing being done to it: when apparently quite out, on being -stirred, you have in a few minutes a glowing fire: it will sometimes be -necessary to loosen, or stir slightly the upper part of the fire if it -begins to cake--but the lower part must not be touched, otherwise it -will burn away too soon. - - - - -AIR. - - -Many Invalids are hurried into their Grave--by the indiscreet kindness -of their friends forcing them from the comforts of Home--for the sake of -Air more abounding with _Oxygen, i. e._ the vivifying part of the -atmosphere:--that great benefit is received from what is _called_ change -of air is true enough--it is seldom considered that there is also a -change in most of the other circumstances of the patient--many, of -infinitely more importance, than that which derives all the credit of -the Cure. - -For instance, if a person living in a confined part of the -City--neglecting exercise, harassed all day by the anxieties of -Business, and sitting up late at Night, &c. be removed to the -tranquillity of rural scenes, which invite him to be almost constantly -taking Exercise in the open Air, and retiring to rest at an early -hour--and thus, instead of being surrounded by irritations unfavourable -to Health, enjoying all the "_jucunda oblivia vitae_" which are -favourable to it--such a Change will often do wonders, and sufficiently -account for the miraculous cures attributed to--_Change of Air_. - -Chemical Philosophers assert indeed--that a Gallon of the unsavoury Gas -from Garlick Hill, gives as high a proportion of _Oxygen_, as the like -quantity of the ethereal element of Primrose Hill:--this seems -incredible, and must arise either from the imperfection of the -_Eudiometer_ giving erroneous results, or from the air being -impregnated with matter unfriendly to Health, which the instruments -employed to analyze it, have not the power of denoting:--let any one -thread the mazes of a crowded city, and walk for the same space of time -in a pleasant Country--the animal spirits will soon testify, which is -the most exhilarating. - -However, people certainly do live long, and enjoy Health, in situations -apparently very unfavourable to Animal Life. - -Our Omniscient Creator has given to our Lungs, the same faculty of -extracting nutriment from various kinds of Air--as the Stomach has from -various kinds of Aliment:--the Poor man who feeds on the coarsest food, -is supported by it in as sound Health, as the Rich man who fares -sumptuously every day. - -Well then, in nine cases out of ten, to change the Atmosphere we have -been long accustomed to, is as unadvisable as a change in the Food we -have been used to--unless other circumstances make it so, than the mere -change of Place. - -The Opulent Invalid who has been long indulged with a Home arranged to -his humour--must beware (especially during any exacerbation of his -infirmity) of leaving it--it would be almost as desperate a procedure as -to eject an Oyster from his Shells. - - - - -EXERCISE. - - - "By ceaseless action, all that is subsists, - Constant rotation of the unwearied wheel - That nature rides upon, maintains her health, - Her beauty, her fertility. She dreads an instant's pause, - And lives but while she moves."--COWPER'S _Task_. - - "The wise, for Health on EXERCISE depend; - God never made his work for Man to mend." - -The more luxuriously you live, the more Exercise[49] you require,--the -"_Bon Vivant_" may depend upon the truth of the advice which Sir Charles -Scarborough gave to the Duchess of Portsmouth, "You must Eat less,--or -take more Exercise[50]--or take Physic,--or be Sick." - -Exercise is the grand power to promote the Circulation through the -capillary vessels, by which the constitution is preserved from -obstructions,--Appetite increased, and Digestion improved in all its -stages,--the due distribution of nourishment, invigorates the Nervous -System, gives firmness and elasticity to the Muscles, and strength to -every part of the System. - -Exercise, to have its full effect, must be continued till we feel a -sensible degree of _Perspiration_,--(which is the _Panacea for the -prevention of Corpulence_)--see page 50--and should, at least once -a-day, proceed to the borders of fatigue, but never pass them,--or we -shall be weakened instead of strengthened. - -Health depends upon perpetual Secretion and Absorption, and Exercise -only can produce this. - -After Exercise, take care to get cool gradually--when your Head -perspires, rub it, and your Face, &c. dry with a cloth:--this is better -for the Hair than the best "Bear's Grease," and will beautify the -Complexion beyond "_La Cosmetique Royale_," or all the Red and White -Olympian Dew that was ever imported. - -One of the most important precepts for the preservation of Health, is to -take care of _the Skin_[51]. - -In Winter, the surface of the Body, the Feet, &c. should be washed twice -or thrice a Week, with water of the temperature of about 98, and wiped -every Day with a wet towel;--_a Tepid Bath_ of the like temperature once -a fortnight will also conduce much to both health and comfort. Some -advise that the surface of the Body be wiped every morning with a wet -sponge, and rubbed dry after, with not too fine a cloth. - - - - -WINE. - - - "Le Vin est l'un des produits de la nature les plus difficiles a - juger et a bien choisir: et les plus habiles gourmets sont souvent - mis en defaut."--_Manuel du Sommelier_, Paris, 1817, p. 1. - -Wine, especially Port, is generally twice spoiled--before it is -considered fit to be drank!!! - -The _Wine-Maker_ spoils it first, by over-loading it with _Brandy_ to -make it keep.-- - -The _Wine-Drinker_ keeps it till time has not only dissipated the -superabundant spirit,--but even until the acetous fermentation begins to -be evident,--this, it is the taste now to call "_Flavour_,"--and Wine is -not liked, till it has lost so much of its exhilarating power, that you -may drink a Pint of it, before receiving that degree of -excitement,--which the Wine-drinker requires to make him Happy. We mean -a legal PINT containing 16 ounces. - -The measure of a BOTTLE OF WINE ought to be as definitive, as that of a -POT OF PORTER:--is it not astonishing that the Legislature have not -ordered _a Standard and Stamped Quart_, for the Wine-merchant--as they -have a Pot for the Publican? - -This would be equally as desirable to the respectable Wine-merchant,--as -to the Public. - -It would protect the former against the injurious competition of those -who at present, by vending Wine in Bottles of inferior dimension, impose -on the unwary purchaser under pretence of selling at a lower than the -Market price. - - The purchaser of a Dozen Bottles of Wine expects to receive Three - Gallons of Wine. - - _Proportions of the Wine Gallon, according to the last - London Pharmacopoeia_:-- - - Gallon. Pints. Fluid Ounces. Drachms. Minims or Drops. - 1 = 8 = 128 = 1024 = 61,440 - - There are 32 ounces in a legal wine quart. - Multiply by 12 quarts in three gallons. - ___ - 384 ounces in ditto. - - Measure the number of ounces your bottle holds--divide 384 by it, - and the quotient will give you the number of such bottles required - to contain three gallons of wine. - - Some Bottles do not contain more than 26 ounces. - - 26) 384 (14 Bottles, 1 Pint, and a Quarter. - 26 - ___ - 124 - 104 - ___ - 20 - - _Or,_ - - Multiply 26, _i. e._ the number of ounces - By 12 your bottle will contain. - ___ - 312 the number of ounces - contained in your dozen - bottles, which - Ought to hold 384 the number of ounces in - Subtract 312 Three Gallons. - _________ - Divide by the number } 32) 72 (2 Quarts and half a Pint - of ounces in a Quart,} 64 short of measure. - __ - 8 ounces. - - So, instead of THREE GALLONS--you have only _Two Gallons, one Quart, - and a Pint and a half_. - -_The Quantity a Bottle will contain_, may easily be accurately -ascertained, by LYNES'S _graduated Glass measure_, which holds half a -pint, and is divided into ounces, &c.--_it is a convenient vessel to -mix_ GROG _in_. - -A PIPE OF PORT contains, on the average, 138 Gallons, of which three -must be allowed for Lees, &c.--This is enough for waste, if the Wine has -been properly fined, and steadily bottled. - - A BUTT OF SHERRY contains 130 gallons. - MADEIRA, 110 ditto. - Hogshead of CLARET, 55 ditto. - -It is convenient for small Families to have part of their Wine in _Pint -Bottles_. - -That Wine is much best when quite fresh opened, is a fact it is needless -to observe,--half a Pint of Wine (_i. e._ 8 ounces, _i. e._ 4 ordinary -wine-glasses) is as much as most people (who have not spoiled their -stomachs by intemperance) require. - -The Rage for Superannuated Wine,--is one of the most _ridiculous Vulgar -Errors of Modern Epicurism_,--"the Bee's Wing," "thick Crust[52] on the -Bottle," "loss of strength, &c." which Wine-fanciers consider the Beauty -of their tawny favourite, "fine Old Port,"--are forbidding -manifestations of decomposition, and the departure of some of the best -qualities of the Wine. - -The Age[53] of maturity for exportation from Oporto, is said to be the -second year after the Vintage, (probably sometimes not quite so long.) - -Our Wine-merchants keep it in Wood from two to six years longer, -according to its original strength, &c.--surely this must be long enough -to do all that can be done by keeping it--what crude Wine it must be to -require even this time to ameliorate it--the necessity for which, must -arise either from some error in the original manufacture,--or a false -taste, which does not relish it, till Time has changed its original -characteristics. - -_Ordinary Port_ is a very uncleansed, fretful Wine--and experienced -judges have assured us, that _the Best Port_ is rather impoverished than -improved, by being kept in Bottle longer than Two[54] Years, _i. e._ -supposing it to have been previously from two to four years in the Cask -in this Country,--observing, that all that the outrageous advocates for -"_vin passe_"--really know about it, is, that SHERRY _is Yellow_,--and -PORT _is Black_,--and that if they drink enough of either of them,--it -will make them Drunk. - -WHITE WINES, especially _Sherry_ and _Madeira_, being more perfectly -fermented, and thoroughly fined before they are bottled--if kept in a -cellar of uniform temperature, are not so rapidly deteriorated by Age. - -_The Temperature of a Good Cellar_ is nearly the same throughout the -year. _Double Doors_ help to preserve this. It must be dry, and be kept -as clean as possible. - -_The Art of preserving Wines_, is to keep them from fretting, which is -done by keeping them in the same degree of heat, and careful -Corking[55]. "If persons wish to preserve the fine flavour of their -Wines, they ought _on no account_ to permit any Bacon, Cheese, Onions, -Potatoes, or Cider, in their wine-cellars. Or, if there be any -disagreeable stench in the Cellar, the wine will indubitably imbibe it; -consequently, instead of being fragrant and charming to the nose and -palate, it will be extremely disagreeable."--CARNELL _on Wine Making_, -8vo. 1814, p. 124. See also _Manuel du Sommelier, par A. Jullien_, -Paris, 1817. - -That MADEIRA (if properly matured before) improves in quality by being -carried to the _East Indies_ and back, by which Voyage it loses from 8 -to 10 Gallons,--or to the _West_, by which about 5 are -wasted[56],--however these round-about manoeuvres may tickle the fancy -of those folks who cannot relish any thing that is not far-fetched, -dear-bought, and hard to be had, and to whom rarity is the "_sine qua -non_" of recommendation--it is one of those inconvenient prejudices, -from which common sense preserve us! - -The Vulgar objection to _New Wine_--(by which we mean Wine that has been -maturing in Wood two years in Portugal--two in England--and in Bottle -more than twelve months), is, that its exhilarating qualities are too -abundant, and intoxicate in too small a dose--those "_Bons Vivants_," to -whom "the Bottle, the Sun of the table," and who are not in the habit -of crying to go home to Bed while they can see it shining,--require -Wines weaker than those which are usually imported from Spain and -Portugal,--however PORT and SHERRY may be easily reduced to the standard -desired by the long-sitter,--"_paululum aceti acetosi_," will give the -Acid Gout,--"_aqua pura_" will subdue their Spirit "_ad libitum_,"--and -produce _an imitation of the flavour acquired by Age, extempore_--and -You can thus very easily make fine fruity nutritious new Wine,--as -Light,--and as Old[57],--and as Poor, as you please--and fit it exactly -to your customer's palate, whether "_Massa drinky for Drinky,--or drinky -for Drunky Massa._" - -_To ameliorate very new, or very old Wine_--mix a bottle of the one with -a bottle of the other--or to a bottle of very old Port add a glass or -two of good new Claret--to very new, a glass of Sherry. - -Of all our Senses,--_the Taste_, especially for Liquids, is the most -sophisticated Slave of Habit--"De gustibus, non est disputandum." - -The Astringent matter, and Alcohol--which render PORT WINE the prop of -an Englishman's Heart--are intolerable to the palate of an Italian, or -Frenchman.--But a Stomach which has been accustomed to be wound up by -the double stimulus of Astringents, and Alcohol also,--will not be -content with the latter only,--especially if that be in less -quantity--as it is in the _Italian and French Wines_; which, therefore, -for the generality of Englishmen, are insufficiently excitant. - -He who has been in the habit of drinking PORTER at Dinner,--and PORT -after--will feel uncomfortable with _Home-brewed Ale_, and _Claret_. - -Mr. ACCUM, the chemist, analyzed for the Editor, some PORT and SHERRY of -the finest quality--the PORT[58] yielded 20 per cent--and the SHERRY -19-25 per cent, of ALCOHOL of 825 specific gravity--_i. e._ the -strongest Spirit of Wine that can be drawn, full double the strength of -BRANDY, which seldom has 40 per Cent, and common GIN[59] not more than -30--or 25. - -Some people have a notion that if they go to the Docks, they can -purchase a Pipe of Wine for twenty pounds less, than they must pay to a -regular Wine Merchant--and, moreover, have it _neat as imported_--as if -all Wines of the same _Name_, were of the same Quality. - -PORT _varies at Oporto in quality and price as much as_ PORTER _does in -London_--it is needless to say how difficult it is to obtain the best -Beer at any price--it is quite as difficult to obtain the best Port Wine -at Oporto, where the very superior wine is all bought up at a -proportionately high price by the agents for the London Wine Merchants. - -BRANDIES and WINES _vary in quality quite as much as they do in Price_: -not less than twenty pounds per Pipe in the country where they are made. - -The only way to obtain genuine wholesome liquor, is to apply to a -respectable Wine Merchant--and beg of him to send you the best wine at -the regular market price. - -If you are particular about the Quality of what you buy--the less You -ask about the price of it the better--if you are not, bargain as hard -as you please. - -The Editor buys his _Wines_ of Messrs. DANVERS and CLARKE, No. 122, -Upper Thames Street; his _Brandy and Liqueurs_[60] of Messrs. JOHNSON, -in Pall Mall; and his _Spirits_, &c. of Mr. RICKARDS, Piccadilly. - -_A Moral and Physical Thermometer; or, a Scale of the Progress of -Temperance and Intemperance, by_ J. C. LETTSOM, M. D. - -LIQUORS, _with their_ EFFECTS, _in their usual Order_. - - TEMPERANCE. - - 70-|-| WATER. } { Health, Wealth, - |-| } { - |-| } { - |-| } { Serenity of Mind, - |-| } { - 60-|-| Milk and Water. } { - |-| } { Reputation, long Life, - |-| } { and - |-| } { - |-| } { Happiness. - 50-|-| Small Beer. } { - |-| } { - |-| } { - |-| } { - |-| } { - 40-|-| Cyder and Perry. } { Cheerfulness, - |-| } { - |-| } { - |-| } { - |-| } { Strength, and - 30-|-| Wine. } { - |-| } { - |-| } { - |-| } { Nourishment, when taken - |-| } { - 20-|-| Porter. } { - |-| } { only at Meals, and in - |-| } { - |-| } { - |-| } { moderate Quantities. - 10-|-| Strong Beer. } { - |-| - |-| - |-| - |-| - 0-|-| INTEMPERANCE. - |-| - |-| - |-| }{ VICES. }{ DISEASES. }{PUNISHMENTS. - |-| }{ }{ }{ - 10-|-|Punch. }{Idleness. }{Sickness, }{ - |-| }{ }{Puking, and }{ - |-| }{ }{Tremors of the }{Debt. - |-| }{Peevishness.}{ Hands in the }{ - |-| }{ }{ Morning. }{ - 20-|-|Toddy and Crank.}{ }{ }{Black Eye. - |-| }{ }{ }{ - |-| }{Quarrelling.}{Bloatedness. }{ - |-| }{ }{ }{ - |-|{Grog, and }{ }{Inflamed Eyes. }{ - 30-|-|{Brandy and }{Fighting. }{ }{Rags. - |-|{Water. }{ }{Red Nose and Face. }{ - |-| }{Lying. }{Sore and swelled }{Hunger. - |-| }{ }{ Legs. }{ - |-| }{ }{ }{ - 40-|-|Flip and Shrub. }{Swearing. }{Jaundice. }{Hospital. - |-| }{ }{ }{ - |-| }{ }{ }{ - |-|{Bitters infused}{Obscenity. }{Pains in the Limbs,}{Poor-house. - |-|{in Spirits. }{ }{ and burning in }{ - 50-|-|{Usquebaugh. }{Swindling. }{ the Palms of the }{ - |-|{Hystericwater. }{ }{ Hands, and Soles }{Jail. - |-| }{ }{ of the Feet. }{ - |-|{Gin, Anniseed, }{Perjury. }{Dropsy. }{Whipping. - |-|{Brandy, }{ }{Epilepsy. }{ - 60-|-|{Rum, and }{Burglary. }{Melancholy. }{The Hulks. - |-|{Whisky in the }{ }{Madness. }{ - |-|{_Morning_. }{ }{Palsy. }{Botany Bay. - |-| }{Murder. }{Apoplexy. }{ - |-|{Do, during }{ }{ }{ - 70-|-|{the _Day and_ }{ }{ }{ - |-|{_Night_. }{Suicide. }{DEATH. }{GALLOWS. - -_Those who drink Wine[61], &c. for the purpose it was given_, as a -Cordial, to cheer the Circulation, when it falters from Fatigue, Age, or -profuse Evacuations of any kind, "for the Stomach's sake," as St. Paul -recommends it, and for our "often infirmities" as a medicine--will -understand, that of all the ways of saving, to run any risk of buying -inferior Wine, is the most ridiculously unwise Economy. - -To _Ice Wine_ is another very unprofitable and inconvenient custom--and -not only deteriorates its flavour, but by rendering it dull in the -mouth--people are induced to drink too much, as they are deprived of the -advantage of knowing when they have got enough--for as soon as the Wine -becomes warm in their Stomachs,--the dose they have taken merely to -exhilarate them--makes them drunk. - -_The true Economy of Drinking_,--is to excite as much Exhilaration as -may be,--with as little Wine. - -We deprecate the custom of _sitting for Hours after Dinner, and keeping -the Stomach in an incessant state of irritation by sipping -Wine,--nothing can be more prejudicial to Digestion_[62]--it is much -better to mix Food and Drink--and to take them by alternate -mouthsful.--See page 11. - -Our "VINUM BRITANNICUM"--good Home-brewed Beer--which has been very -deservedly called "_Liquid Bread_," is preferable to any other Beverage -during Dinner or Supper--or _Port_ or _Sherry_ diluted with about three -or four times their quantity of Toast and Water--(No. 463*): undiluted, -these Wines are too strong to be drank during Dinner,--they act so -powerfully on the feelings of the Stomach, that they dull the desire for -solid Food, by producing the sensation of Restoration,--and the System, -instead of receiving material to repair and strengthen it,--is merely -stimulated during the action of the Vinous spirit. - -However, the dull stimulus of Distention, is insufficient for some -delicate Stomachs, which do absolutely require to be screwed up with a -certain quantity of diffusible Stimulus[63],--without which, they cannot -proceed effectively to the business of Digestion,--or indeed any other -business--we do not recommend such, especially if they have passed the -Meridian of Life, to attempt to entirely wean themselves of it--but -advise them, _immediately after Dinner_, to drink as much as is -necessary to excite that degree of action in their System, without which -they are uncomfortable, and then to stop.--See Observations on -_Siesta_. - -Now-a-days, _Babies_ are brought to table after Dinner by Children of -larger growth--to drink Wine,--which has as bad an effect on their -tender susceptible stomachs, as the like quantity of ALCOHOL would -produce upon an Adult. - -Wine has been called "the Milk of Old Age," so "Milk is the Wine of -Youth." As Dr. Johnson observed, it is much easier to be abstinent than -to be temperate--and no man should habitually take Wine as Food till he -is past 30 years of age[64] at least;--happy is He who preserves this -best of Cordials in reserve, and only takes it to support his Mind and -Heart when distressed by anxiety and fatigue. That which may be a -needful stimulus at 40 or 50, will inflame the Passions into madness at -20 or 30--and at an earlier period is absolute Poison. - -Among other _innumerable Advantages which the Water-drinker enjoys_, -remember he saves at least FIFTY GUINEAS per annum--which the Beer and -Wine drinker wastes--as much to the detriment of his health, as the -diminution of his Finances: moreover, nothing deteriorates the sense of -Taste so soon as strong liquors--the _Water-drinker_ enjoys an exquisite -sensibility of Palate, and relish for plain food, that a Wine-drinker -has no idea of. - -Some people make it a rule to drink a certain number of Glasses of Wine -during and after dinner, whether they are dry, or languid, or not--this -is as ridiculous as it would be to eat a certain number of Mutton Chops -whether you are hungry or not. The effect produced by Wine is seldom the -same, even in the same person--and depends on the state of the animal -spirits at the time--whether the stomach be full or empty, &c. - -The more simply Life is supported, and the less Stimulus we use, the -better--and Happy are the Young and Healthy who are wise enough to be -convinced that Water is the best drink, and Salt the best sauce. - -But in Invalids past the Meridian of Life, we believe as much mischief -is going on when our Pulse hobbles along as if the Heart was too tired -to carry on the Circulation, as can possibly be done to the constitution -by taking such a portion of Wine as will remove the collapse--and excite -the mainspring of Life to vibrate with healthful vigour. - -The following is the Editor's plan of taking liquid food at -Dinner,--when he cannot get Good Beer:--he has two wine glasses of -Sherry, or one of Whiskey[65], or Brandy, (No. 471), and three-fourths -of a pint of good Toast and Water, (No. 463), (which when Dyspeptic he -has warmed to about Summer Heat, _i. e._ 75 of Fahrenheit,) and puts a -wine-glass of Sherry, or half a glass of Whiskey, &c. into half a pint -of the water, and the other glass of Sherry, or half glass of Whiskey, -&c. into the remaining quarter pint--thus increasing the strength of the -liquid towards the conclusion of Dinner, after which he drinks from two -to four glasses of Port or Sherry--as Instinct suggests the state of the -circulation requires--if it be very languid, a _Liqueur_ glass of -JOHNSON'S[66] _Witte Curacoa_[67] is occasionally recommended as a -renovating _Bonne Bouche_--about a quarter of an hour after dinner, he -lies down on a Sofa, and sleeps for about half an hour--this has been -his custom for the last twenty years--half an hour's horizontal posture -is more restorative to him--than if he had sat up and drank three or -four more glasses of wine. - -As to _the Wholesomeness of various Wines_[68],--that depends on the -integrity and skill of the Wine-maker,--and upon the peculiar state of -the stomach of the Wine-drinker:--when my Stomach is not in Good -Temper,--it generally desires to have _Red Wine_,--but when in best -Health,--nothing affronts it more than to put _Port_ into it--and one of -the first symptoms of its coming into adjustment, is a wish for _White -Wine_. - -One of the chief causes of that derangement of the Stomach, which -delicate and aged persons so constantly complain of after _Dining -out_--is the drinking of Wines, &c. which they are unused to. - -_White_, deserve to be preferred to _Red Wines_,--because the latter -being harder pressed, and subjected to a stronger fermentation to -extract the colouring matter from the husks of the Grape, are more -loaded with feculence. - -Of RED WINES, _Claret_ is the best; and it is to be lamented, that the -Duty imposed upon it is so great, that to moderate fortunes it amounts -to a prohibition--when we make this observation, we do not mean to -impeach the prudence which has induced those who no doubt best -understand the subject,--to determine that political necessity -imperatively decrees that the delightful and salubrious wines of -France--must be taxed twice as high as the coarse unwholesome wines of -Portugal. - -Of the _White_ Wines, we believe that _Sherry_ is the most easy--and -_Madeira_ the most difficult to obtain genuine--most of the SWEET Wines -are as artificially compounded, as the Beers of this country; the -addition of Capillaire to Port wine, makes what is commonly called -_Tent_. _Mountain, Calcavella, &c._ are made up in the same manner. - -For further Illustrations of this subject, see ACCUM _on Adulterations_, -2d Edition, 12mo. 1820. - -_An Inquiry into the Effects of Fermented Liquors, by a Water-drinker_, -2d Edit. 1818. - -SANDFORD'S _Remarks on Wine_. Worcester, 1799. - -LETTSOM, _on the Effects of Hard Drinking_. - -TROTTER, _on Drunkenness_, 1804. - -ACCUM'S _Art of making English Wine_, 1820. - -CARNELL, _on Family Wine Making_, 1814. - -ACCUM, _on Brewing_, 1820. - -RAWLINSON, _on Brewing in Small Quantities_,--printed for Johnson, 1807, -price 1s.; _and Home Brewed Ale_, printed for Robinson, 1804, price 2s. - -_Facts Proving Water the best Beverage._ Printed by Smeeton, in St. -Martin's Lane. - -_Manuel de Sommelier, par_ A. JULLIEN, Paris, 1817. - - - - -PEPTIC PRECEPTS. - - - "Suaviter in modo, sed fortiter in re." - -Not one Constitution in a thousand, is so happily constructed or is -constantly in such perfect adjustment, that the operations of the -Abdominal Viscera (on which every other movement of the system depends) -proceed with healthful regularity. - -The following hints will point out to the Reader, how to employ Art to -afford that assistance to Nature, which in Indisposition and Age, is so -often required, and will teach him to counteract in the most prompt and -agreeable manner--the effects of those accidental deviations from strict -Temperance,--which sometimes overcome the most abstemious -philosopher--when the seducing charms of Conviviality tempt him to -forego the prudent maxims of his cooler moments. - -They will help those who have delicate Constitutions, to obtain their -fair share of Health and Strength,--and instruct the Weak, so to -economize the powers they have, that they may enjoy Life as well as the -Strong. - -To humour that desire for the marvellous, which is so universal in -medical (as well as in other) matters,--the makers of _Aperient Pills_ -generally select the most DRASTIC PURGATIVES, which operating -considerably in a dose of a few grains, excite admiration in the -Patient, and faith in their powers, in proportion as a small dose -produces a great effect,--who seldom considers how irritating such -materials must be,--and consequently how injurious to a Stomach in a -state of Debility, and perhaps deranged by indulging Appetite beyond the -bounds of moderation. - -INDIGESTION will sometimes overtake the most experienced Epicure;--when -the gustatory nerves are in good humour, Hunger and Savoury Viands will -sometimes seduce the Tongue of a "_Grand Gourmand_" to betray the -interest of his Stomach[69] in spite of his Brains. - -On such an unfortunate occasion,--whether the intestinal commotion be -excited by having eaten too much, or too strong food--lie down--have -your Tea early after Dinner--and drink it warm. - -This is a hint to help the Invalid, whose digestion is so delicate, that -it is sometimes disordered by a Meal of the strictest Temperance. If the -anxiety, &c. about the Stomach does not speedily abate, apply the -"_Stomach Warmer_." This valuable companion to Aged and Gouty Subjects, -may be procured at No. 58, Haymarket. - -A certain degree of Heat is absolutely necessary to excite and support a -regular process of Digestion;--when the Circulation is languid, and the -food difficult of solution, in Aged persons and Invalids,--_External -Heat_ will considerably assist Concoction, and the application of this -califacient concave will enable the Digestive organs to overcome -refractory materials,--and convert them into laudable Chyle. - -Unless the Constitution is so confoundedly debilitated, that the -Circulation cannot run alone--_Abstinence_[70] is the -easiest--cheapest--and best cure for the disorders which arise from -_Indigestion_ or _Intemperance_. I do not mean what Celsus calls the -first degree of it, "when the sick man takes nothing," but the second, -"when he takes nothing but what he ought." - -The Chylopoietic organs are uncomfortable when entirely -unoccupied,--when the Stomach is too tired to work, and too weak to be -employed on actual service,--it desires something to be introduced to -it, that will entertain it till it recovers its energy. - -After INTEMPERATE FEASTING one day, let the food of the following day be -Liquid, or of such materials as are easy of solution. - -Various expedients have been recommended for preventing and relieving -the disorders arising from too copious libations of "the Regal purple -Stream." - -When a good fellow has been sacrificing rather too liberally at the -shrine of the Jolly God, the best remedy to help the Stomach to get rid -of its burthen, is to take for Supper some GRUEL, (No. 572, _see -Index_,) with half an ounce of Butter, and a teaspoonful of _Epsom Salt_ -in it; or two or three _Peristaltic Persuaders_,--which some -Gastropholists take as a provocative to appetite, about an hour before -Dinner. - -Some persons take as a "_sequitur_" a drachm of _Carbonate of Soda_. - -Others a teaspoonful of _Calcined Magnesia_:--when immediate relief is -required, never administer this uncertain medicine, which, if the -Stomach has no Acid ready to dissolve it,--will remain inert; it must be -taken, only when _Heart-burn_ and symptoms of Acidity are manifest. - -As a _Finale_ to the day of the Feast, or the _Overture_ of the day -after, take (No. 481*,) or two drachms of _Epsom Salt_ in half a pint of -_Beef Tea_,--or some _Tincture of Rhubarb_ in hot water,--the first -thing to be done, is to endeavour to get rid of the offending material. - -A Breakfast of _Beef Tea_[71] (No. 563,) is an excellent -Restorative;--when _the Languor following Hard Drinking_ is very -distressing, indulge in the horizontal posture; (see _Siesta_, p. 94;) -nothing relieves it so effectually, or so soon cheers the Circulation, -and sets all right;--get an early Luncheon of restorative Broth or -Soup. - -HARD DRINKING _is doubly debilitating, when pursued beyond the usual -hour of retiring to Rest._ - -Those devotees to the Bottle, who never suffer the orgies of Bacchus to -encroach on the time which Nature demands for Sleep,--escape with -impunity, many of the evils which soon--and irreparably--impair the -Health of the Midnight reveller. - -A facetious observer of the inordinate degree in which some people will -indulge their Palate, to the gratification of which they sacrifice all -their other senses,--recommends such to have their Soup seasoned with a -tasteless purgative, as the Food of insane persons sometimes is, and so -prepare their bowels for the hard work they are going to give them!! - -To let the Stomach have a holiday occasionally--_i. e._ a Liquid diet, -of Broth and Vegetable Soup, is one of the most agreeable and most -wholesome ways of restoring its Tone. - -_If your Appetite[72] be languid_, take additional Exercise in a pure -open Air,--or Dine half an hour later than usual, and so give time for -the Gastric Juices to assemble in full force;--or dine upon Fish--or -_Chinese Soup_, _i. e._ Tea. - -If these simple means are ineffectual,--the next step, is to produce -energetic vibration in the Alimentary tube, without exciting inordinate -action, or debilitating depletion; and to empty the Bowels, without -irritating them. - -Sometimes _when the languor occasioned by Dyspepsia, &c. is extreme_, -the Torpor of the System becomes so tremendous--that no Stimulus will -help it, and the Heart feels as if it was tired of beating--a moderate -dose of a quickly operating Aperient, _i. e._ half an ounce of Tincture -of Rhubarb, and two drachms of Epsom Salts in a tumbler of hot -water--will speedily restore its wonted energy. - -THE STOMACH is the centre of Sympathy;--if the most minute fibre of the -human frame be hurt, intelligence of the injury instantaneously -arrives;--and the Stomach is disturbed, in proportion to the importance -of the Member, and the degree in which it is offended. - -If either the Body or the Mind be fatigued,--the Stomach invariably -sympathizes;--if the most robust do any thing too much, the Stomach is -soon affronted,--and does too little:--unless this mainspring of Health -be in perfect adjustment, the machinery of life will vibrate with -languor;--especially those parts which are naturally weak, or have been -injured by Accidents, &c. Constipation is increased in costive -habits--and Diarrhoea in such as are subject thereto--and all Chronic -complaints are exasperated, especially in persons past the age of 35 -years. - -Of the various helps to Science, none perhaps more rapidly facilitate -the acquirement of knowledge, than analogical reasoning; or illustrating -an Art we are ignorant of, by one we are acquainted with. - -THE HUMAN FRAME may be compared to a Watch, of which the Heart is the -Mainspring--the Stomach the regulator,--and what we put into it, the Key -by which the machine is wound up;--_according to the -quantity,--quality,--and proper digestion of what we Eat[73] and Drink, -will be the pace of_ _the Pulse, and the action of the System in -general_:--when we observe a due proportion between the quantum of -Exercise and that of Excitement, all goes well.--If the machine be -disordered, the same expedients are employed for its re-adjustment, as -are used by the Watch-maker; it must be carefully cleaned, and -judiciously oiled. - -Eating _Salads_ after Dinner,--and chilling the Stomach, and checking -the process of digestion by swilling cold _Soda Water_--we hold to be -other Vulgar Errors. - -It is your superfluous SECOND COURSES,--and ridiculous variety of -Wines,--Liqueurs,--Ices, Desserts, &c.--which (are served up more to -gratify the pride of the Host, than the appetite of the Guests that) -_overcome the Stomach, and paralyze Digestion_, and seduce "Children of -larger Growth" to sacrifice the health and comfort of several days--for -the Baby-pleasure of tickling their tongue for a few minutes, with -Trifles and Custards!! - -Most of those who have written on what--by a strange perversion of -language--are most non-naturally termed the non-naturals,--have merely -laid before the Public a nonsensical register of the peculiarities of -their own Palate, and the idiosyncracies of their own Constitution[74]. - -Some omnivorous Cormorants have such an ever-craving Appetite, that they -are raging with hunger as soon as they open their Eyes,--and bolt half a -dozen hard Eggs before they are well awake;--Others are so perfectly -restored by that "chief nourisher in Life's feast," Balmy Sleep, that -they do not think about Eating,--till they have been up and actively -employed for several hours. - -The strong Food, which the strong action of strong bodies -requires--would soon destroy weak ones,--if the latter attempt to follow -the example of the former,--instead of feeling invigorated, their -Stomachs will be as oppressed, as a Porter is with a load that is too -heavy for him,--and, under the idea of swallowing what are called -strengthening nourishing things,--will very soon make themselves ready -for the Undertaker. - -Some people seem to think, that the more plentifully they stuff -themselves, the better they must thrive, and the stronger they must -grow. - -It is not the quantity that we swallow,--but that which is properly -digested, which nourishes us. - -A Moderate Meal well digested, renders the body vigorous,--glutting it -with superfluity, (which is only turned into excrement instead of -aliment, and if not speedily evacuated,) not only oppresses the System, -but produces all sorts of Disorders. - -Some are continually inviting _Indigestion_,--by eating _Water-cresses_, -or other undressed Vegetables[75], "to sweeten their Blood,"--or -_Oysters_ "to enrich it."--Others fancy their Dinner cannot digest till -they have closed the orifice of their Stomachs with a certain portion of -_Cheese_,--if the preceding Dinner has been a light one, a little bit of -Cheese after it may not do much harm, but its character for encouraging -concoction is undeserved,--there is not a more absurd Vulgar Error, than -the often quoted proverb, that - - "Cheese is a surly Elf, - Digesting all things, but itself." - -A Third never eats Goose, &c. without remembering that _Brandy_ or -_Cayenne_ is the Latin for it. - -A much less portion of Stimulus is necessary after a hearty meal of -califactive materials, such as good Beef or Mutton--than after a -_maigre_ Dinner of Fish, &c. - -Another _Vulgar Error_ in the school of Good Living, is, that "_Good -eating_ requires _Good drinking_."--_Good_ eating generally implies -_high_ seasoned Viands,--the savoury Herbs, and stimulating Spices with -which these _Haut-Gouts_ are sprinkled and stuffed, &c. are sufficient -to encourage the digestive faculties to work "_con amore_" without any -"_douceur_" of Vinous irrigation,--but many persons make it a rule, -after eating Pig, &c. to take a glass of _Liqueur_, or _Eau de Vie_, -&c.--or, as when used in this manner, it would be as properly called, -"_eau de mort_." - -INDIGESTION, or, to use the term of the day, A BILIOUS ATTACK,--_as -often arises from over-exertion, or_ ANXIETY OF MIND,--as from -refractory Food; it frequently produces FLATULENCE[76], and flatulence -produces _Palpitation of the Heart_; which is most difficult to stop, -when it comes on about an hour or two after a Meal;--the Stomach seems -incapable of proceeding in its business, from being over-distended with -wind, which pressing on the Heart and larger vessels, obstructs the -Circulation:--as soon as this flatulence is dispelled, all goes well -again:--inflating the Lungs to the utmost, _i. e._ taking in as much -breath as you can, and holding it as long as you can, will sometimes act -as a counterbalance, and produce relief. - -This is the first thing to do when this distressing Spasm attacks -you,--if it is not immediately checked; take a strong _Peppermint_, or -_Ginger Lozenge_, (see page 99,) sit,--or if possible lie down and -loosen all ligatures; the horizontal posture and perfect quiet are grand -Panaceas in this disorder;--if these do not soon settle it, drink some -stimulus: sometimes a teacupful of _Hot water_, with a teaspoonful of -common salt in it, will suffice,--or a couple of glasses of _Wine_,--or -one of _Brandy_ in one of hot water: either of these will generally soon -restore sufficient energy to the Stomach, to enable it to expel the -enemy that offends it, and set the circulation to work freely again.--If -these means are not immediately efficacious, take half an ounce of -_Tincture of Rhubarb_ in a quarter pint of hot water,--or three or four -_Peristaltic Persuaders_, with half a pint of hot water. - -If this complaint comes on when the Bowels are costive,--they must be -put into motion as speedily as possible, by some of the means -recommended in the following pages. - -It will sometimes come on during the collapsed state of the system, -from FASTING TOO LONG. - -_Those who take no Food between an early_ BREAKFAST--_and a late_ -DINNER,--for fear, as they term it, of spoiling the latter -meal,--generally complain of _Flatulence_,--_Languor_, _Lowness of -Spirits_, &c. (and those who are troubled by a _Cough_, have often a -paroxysm of it,) for the hour or more before Dinner;--and _Heartburn_, -&c. after it:--the former arising from fasting too long, the latter from -indulging an Appetite so over excited, that a Baron of Beef, a Pail of -Port Wine, and a Tubful of Tea, will hardly satisfy it. - -The languor of _Inanition_, and the fever of _Repletion_, may be easily -avoided by eating a LUNCHEON,--solid and nutritive, in proportion as the -DINNER is protracted, and the activity of the Exercise to be taken in -the mean-time. - -The oftener you eat, the less ought to be eaten at a time; and the less -you eat at a time, the oftener you ought to eat:--_a weak_ _Stomach_ -has a much better chance of digesting two light meals, than one heavy -one. - -The Stomach should be allowed time to empty itself, before we fill it -again. - -There is not only a considerable difference in the digestibility of -various Foods,--but also of the time required by different Stomachs to -digest them--the sign of which, is the return of Appetite. - -The digestion of Aliment is perfect, and quickly performed, in -proportion to the keenness of our Appetite at the time of taking -it--more or less perfect Mastication--and the vigorous state of the -organs of Digestion,--as a general rule, _the interval of Fasting_ -should seldom be less than three, nor more than five -hours[77],--Digestion being generally completed within that time. - -The Fashion of A.D. 1820 has introduced a much longer fast ("a windy -recreation," as father Paul assures the lay brother) than even the -elasticity of robust Health can endure, without distressing the -adjustment of the System,--and creating such an over-excited appetite, -that the Stomach does not feel it has had enough,--till it finds that it -has been crammed too much[78]. - - "When Hunger[79] calls, obey, nor often wait - Till hunger sharpen to corrosive pain; - For the keen appetite will feast beyond - What nature well can bear." - -This important truth--we would most strongly press on the consideration -of Those who attend our COURTS OF LAW, and PARLIAMENT. - -Many industrious Professional men, in order to add a few pounds to their -Income--in a few years are quite worn out--from their digestive -faculties being continually disordered and fretted for want of _regular_ -supplies of _Food_; and sufficient _Sleep_. - -An Egg boiled in the shell for five minutes, or _Les Tablettes de -Bouillon_ (No. 252), and a bit of Bread, is a convenient provision -against the former--_the Siesta_ (see page 94) is the best Antidote for -the latter. - -The sensation of _Hunger_ arises from the Gastric juices acting upon the -coats of the Stomach--how injurious it must be to fast so long, that by -neglecting to supply it with some alimentary substance which this fluid -was formed to dissolve,--the Stomach becomes in danger of being digested -itself!!! - -Those who feel a gnawing, as they call it, in their Stomach, should not -wait till the stated hour of dinner, but eat a little forthwith, that -the Stomach may have something to work upon. - -By _too long Fasting_, Wind accumulates in the Stomach, especially of -those who have passed the meridian of Life--and produces a distressing -Flatulence--Languor--Faintness--Giddiness--Palpitation of the Heart, &c. - -If the Morning has been occupied by anxiety in Business,--or the Mind or -Body is fatigued by over-exertion--these symptoms will sometimes come -on about an hour or two before the usual time of Dining,--well -masticating a bit of Biscuit, and letting a strong Peppermint Lozenge -(see page 99) dissolve in the mouth as soon as you feel the first -symptoms of Flatulence,--will often pacify the Stomach, and prevent the -increase of these complaints. - -DR. WHYTT, whose observations on _Nervous Disorders_, (like this work), -are valuable, inasmuch as they are the authentic narrative of his own -Experience--says, page 344, "When my Stomach has been weak, after I have -been indisposed, I have often found myself much better for a glass of -Claret and a bit of bread, an hour or more before Dinner, and I have -ordered it in the same way to others, and again in the evening, an hour -or more before Supper, with advantage." - -There is no doubt of the propriety of DR. W.'s prescription, the -Editor's own feelings bear witness to it. For those who are just -recovering from Diseases which have left them in a state of great -Debility, a glass of Wine and a bit of Bread,--or a cup of good _Beef -Tea_, (see page 96) are perhaps as good TONICS as any,--they not only -remove Languor, but at the same time furnish Nutriment. - -We have known weak Stomachs, when kept fasting beyond the time they -expected,--become so exhausted--they would refuse to receive any solid -Food,--until restored to good temper,--and wound up by some Wine, or -other stimulus--as Instinct proposed. - -Feeble Persons, who are subject to such sudden attacks, should always -travel armed with a _Pocket Pistol_ charged with a couple of glasses of -White Wine, or, "_Veritable Eau de Vie_,"--a Biscuit, and some strong -Peppermint or Ginger Lozenges, or see "_Tablettes de Bouillon_" (No. -252):--when their Stomach is uneasy from emptiness, &c. these crutches -will support the Circulation,--and considerably diminish, and sometimes -entirely prevent the distressing effects which Invalids suffer from too -long a Fast[80]. - -What a contrast there is between the materials of the morning meal A.D. -1550, when Queen Elizabeth's Maids of Honour began the day with a _Round -of Beef_,--or a _Red Herring_, and a _flaggon of Ale_--and in 1821, when -the Sportsman, and even the day-Labourer, breakfast on what Cooks call -"_Chinese Soup_," i. e. Tea. - -SWIFT has jocosely observed, such is the extent of modern Epicurism, -that "_the World[81] must be encompassed--before a Washerwoman can sit -down to Breakfast_," _i. e._ by a voyage to the East for Tea, and to the -West for Sugar. - -In THE NORTHUMBERLAND HOUSEHOLD BOOK for 1512, we are informed that "_a -Thousand Pounds_ was the sum annually expended in Housekeeping,--this -_maintained_ 166 _Persons_,--and the Wheat was then 5_s._ 8_d._ per -quarter. - -"The Family rose at six in the morning,--my Lord and my Lady had set on -their Table for BREAKFAST, _at Seven o'clock_ in the morning, - - A quart of Beer, - A quart of Wine, - Two pieces of Salt Fish, - Half a dozen Red Herrings, - Four White ones, and - A Dish of Sprats!!! - -"_They_ DINED _at Ten_--SUPPED _at Four_ in the afternoon,--The Gates -were all shut at nine, and no further ingress or egress permitted."--See -pages 314 and 318. - - But now, A.D. 1821, - - "The Gentleman who dines the latest - Is, in our Street, esteemed the greatest: - But surely greater than them all, - Is he who never Dines[82] at all." - - DINNERS at _Night_, - - AND - - SUPPERS in the _Morning_, - -A few Cautionary Hints to Modern Fashionables.-- - - "The Ancients did delight, forsooth, - To sport in allegoric Truth; - Apollo, as we long have read since, - Was God of Music, and of Med'cines. - _In Prose_, APOLLO is the Sun, - And when he has his course begun, - The allegory then implies - 'Tis Time for wise men to arise; - For ancient sages all commend - The morning, as the Muses friend; - But modern Wits are seldom able - To sift the moral of this fable;-- - But give to Sleep's oblivious power - The treasures of the morning hour, - And leave reluctant, and with Pain, - With feeble nerve, and muddy Brain, - Their favorite couches late at noon, - And quit them then perhaps too soon, - Mistaking by a sunblind sight - The Night for Day--and Day for Night. - Quitting their healthful guide Apollo, - What fatal follies do they follow! - _Dinners_ at night--and in the Morn - _Suppers_, serv'd up as if in scorn - Of Nature's wholesome regulations, - Both in their Viands and Potations. - Besides, Apollo is M. D. - As all Mythologists agree, - And skill'd in Herbs and all their virtues, - As well as Ayton is, or Curtis. - No doubt his excellence would stoop - To dictate a Receipt for _Soup_, - Show as much skill in dressing _Salad_, - As in composing of a _Ballad_, - 'Twixt Health and Riot draw a line, - And teach us How--and When--to dine. - The Stomach, that great Organ, soon, - If overcharg'd, is out of tune, - Blown up with Wind that sore annoys - The Ear with most unhallow'd noise!! - Now all these Sorrows and Diseases - A man may fly from if he pleases; - For rising early will restore - His powers to what they were before, - Teach him to Dine at Nature's call, - And to Sup lightly, if at all; - Teach him each morning to preserve - The active brain, and steady nerve; - Provide him with a share of Health - For the pursuit of fame, or wealth; - And leave the folly of _Night Dinners_ - To Fools and Dandies, and Old Sinners!!!" - -That distressing interruption of the Circulation, which is called -"NIGHTMARE," "Globus Hystericus," "Spasms," "Cramp," or "Gout," in the -Stomach, with which few who have passed the Meridian of Life[83], are so -fortunate as not to be too well acquainted, we believe to arise from the -same causes--which in the day produce Palpitation of the Heart. - -The Editor is now in his forty-third year, and has been from his youth -occasionally afflicted with both these disorders; sometimes without -being able to imagine what has produced them:--sometimes he has not been -attacked with either of these complaints for many months; they have then -seized him for a week or more,--and as unaccountably ceased. - -THE NIGHTMARE has generally come on about three o'clock in the -morning,--at the termination of the first, or rather at the commencement -of the second sleep;--quite as often when he has taken only a liquid or -very light supper,--as when he has eaten some solid food, and gone to -bed soon after;--and most frequently after he has Dined[84] out: not -from the quantity, but the quality of the food and drink he has taken, -the change of the time of taking it. The fatigue attending his -performance of Amphytrion at his own table, has also occasionally -produced it. - -It appears to be occasioned by want of Action in the System, being -generally preceded by Languor--(which, if not removed, may proceed to -produce--_Palsy_--or _Death_,) caused either by depression of the power -of the Heart by anxiety,--obstruction of the peristaltic motion by the -oppression of indigestible matter,--or interruption of the performance -of the Restorative Process. - -It is certainly not to be prevented by Abstinence, for during the time -that the Editor was trying the effect of a spare diet, he was most -frequently afflicted with it.--See _Obs._ on SLEEP, &c. It is only to be -relieved by Stimulants, and in an extreme case--by quickly acting -Aperients, &c. See following pages. - -Some persons are peculiarly subject to it when they lie on their -back,--others if on their left side:--when the Editor has any -disposition to this malady, it is certainly exasperated if he lays upon -his right side,--especially during the first part of the Night,--it is a -good Custom to lay one half of the Night on one side, and the other half -on the other. - -When this appalling pause of the Circulation takes place--he wakes, with -the idea that another minute of such suspended action will terminate -his Existence:--his first recourse is to force the action of the Lungs -by breathing as quick and as deep as possible.--He feels very -languid,--and to prevent a return of the fit, drinks a couple of glasses -of _White Wine_,--or half a wine-glass of _Brandy_, in a wine-glass of -_Peppermint Water_. - -Sometimes the Disorder does not terminate with one paroxysm, but recurs -as soon as Sleep returns:--when this is the case, get half a tumbler of -Hot Water, add to it a wine-glass of _Peppermint Water_, and half that -quantity of _Tincture of Rhubarb_, or fifty drops of _Sal Volatile_, or -both. - -The symptom of security from a repetition of the Fit, is a vermicular -sensation, betokening that the peristaltic motion, and the Circulation -is restored to its regular pace again. - -His belief that many sudden and unaccountable Deaths in the night have -arisen from Invalids not knowing how to manage this Disorder, induces -the Editor to relate his own personal experience concerning it--and the -Remedies which he has found effectual to remove it. - - "Non ignara mali, miseris succurrere disco." - -The case is very similar to what Dr. WHYTT relates of himself, in his -_Observations on Nervous, Hysteric, and Hypochondriac Disorders_, 8vo. -1767[85]; by which, Dr. CULLEN, in p. 10 of his _Clinical Lectures_, -says, "he has done more than all his predecessors." - -Mr. WALLER has written a very sensible Essay on the _Nightmare_--those -who are much afflicted with it, cannot lay out 3_s._ 6_d._ better, than -in buying his book--12mo. 1816. He says, "it most frequently proceeds -from acidity in the Stomach, and recommends _Carbonate of Soda_, to be -taken in the Beer you Drink at dinner." He tells us "he derived his -information, as to the cause, and cure of this distressing disorder, -from a personal acquaintance with it for many years." - -How devoutly it is to be wished that all Authors would follow good old -SYDENHAM and Mr. WALLER'S example,--and give us a register of the -progress of those chronic complaints which they have themselves been -afflicted with, and the regimen, &c. which they have found most -effectual to alleviate and cure them;--and, instead of what they -think,--write only what they know,--as the pains-taking -SANCTORIUS--SPALLANZANI--BRYAN ROBINSON,--and the persevering and -minutely accurately observing Dr. STARK have in their _Dietetical -Experiments_. - -Dr. WHYTT has immortalized himself by the candid relation of his own -infirmities, and his circumstantial account of the Regimen, &c. which -enabled him to bear up against them,--which forms the most valuable -collection of observations on _Nervous Complaints_, that experience and -liberality have yet presented to the public. - -_One page of_ PERSONAL EXPERIENCE, _is worth folios of theoretic -Fancies_,--_or Clinical Cases_, which can only be illuminated by the -twilight of conjecture:--they may be faithful narratives of the accounts -given by Patients, yet, as these are very often imposed upon by their -imagination attributing effects to very different causes than those -which produce them, they are often very inaccurate deductions. - -THE DELICATE AND THE NERVOUS, will derive the greatest advantage from -keeping _a Register of their Health_,--they should note, and avoid -whatever disagrees with them,--and endeavour to ascertain, what kind and -quantity of Food--Exercise--Occupation and Pleasures, &c. are most -agreeable to their constitution, and take them at those regular periods -which appear most convenient to them. However this advice may excite -the smiles of those who are swelling "in all the pride of superfluous -Health," such methodical movements will considerably improve the -enjoyment, and prolong the life of the Valetudinary and the Aged: for -whom, Instinct is the best Guide in the choice of Aliment. - -None but the most obstinately ignorant Visionary, would dream of laying -down absolute Rules[86] for governing the caprice and whims of the -infirm Stomachs of Crazy Valetudinarians. Codes of Dietetics[87] are -almost useless,--the suggestions of Reason are often in direct -opposition to the desires of Appetite. - -In most matters regarding the adjustment of that supreme organ of -existence,--the STOMACH,--"honest Instinct[88] comes a -Volunteer."--_Ventriloquism_ seldom falls to make out a fair title, to -be called "unerring." A due respect to the suggestions of Instinct, -every Invalid will find highly advantageous,--natural longing has -frequently pointed out Food--by which _Acute Diseases_ have been cured, -when the most consummate medical skill was at fault, and Life at its -lowest ebb. - -It is needless to insist upon the importance of Diet and Regimen in -_Chronic Disorders_. - -Be content with ONE[89] Dish,--from want of submission to this salutary -rule of Temperance--as many men dig their Grave with their _Teeth_, as -with the _Tankard_;--DRUNKENNESS is deplorably destructive, but her -demurer sister GLUTTONY destroys an hundred to her one. - -_Instinct_ speaks pretty plainly to those whose instruments of Digestion -are in a delicate state--and is an infinitely surer guide than any -Dietetic rules that can be contrived. - -That the Food which we fancy most--generally sits easiest on the -Stomach--is a fact which the experience of almost every individual can -confirm. - -The functions of Digestion go on merrily when exercised by Aliment which -the Stomach asks for--they often labour in vain when we eat merely -because it is the usual hour of Dining--or out of necessity, to amuse -the Gastric juices, and "lull the grinding stomach's hungry rage." - -To affirm that any thing is wholesome, or unwholesome,--without -considering the subject in all the circumstances to which it bears -relation, and the unaccountable peculiarities of different -Constitutions,--is, with submission, talking nonsense. - -Let every Man consult his Stomach;--to eat and drink such things--and in -such quantities--as agree with that perfectly well, is wholesome for -him, whilst they continue to do so[90]:--that which satisfies and -refreshes us, and causes no uneasiness after, may safely be taken in -moderation--whenever the Appetite is keen--whether it be at Dinner or -Supper. - -What we have been longest used to, is most likely to agree with us -best. - -The wholesomeness, &c. of all Food, depends very much on the quality of -it--and the way in which it is cooked. - -Those who are poor in Health, must live as they can;--certainly the less -Stimulus any of us use the better, provided it be sufficient to properly -carry on the Circulation:--I sometimes hold it lawful to excite Appetite -when it is feeble by Age, or debilitated by Indisposition. - -Those Stimuli which excite the circulation at the least expense of -nervous irritation--and afford the greatest quantity of nutriment, must -be most acceptable to the Stomach, when it demands restorative diet. - -A healthful impetus may be given to the System by a well seasoned -_Soup_, or a restorative _Ragout_, at half the expense to the machinery -of Life, than by the use of those Spirituous Stimuli--which fan a -feverish fire--exciting action without supplying the expenditure of the -principle producing it--and merely quicken the circulation for a few -minutes, without contributing any material to feed the Lamp of -Life--which, if it be originally or organically defective--or is -impaired by Time or Disease--will sometimes not burn brightly, unless it -be supplied with the best oil, and trimmed in the most skilful manner. - -Good _Mock Turtle_, see (No. 246, or 247*,) will agree with weak -stomachs surprisingly well; so will that made by BIRCH _in Cornhill_, -and by KAY _at Albion House_, Aldersgate Street.--This excellent Soup, -is frequently ordered for Dyspeptic patients, by the senior Physician to -one of the largest hospitals in this Metropolis: as a man of science and -talent, certainly in as high estimation as any of his -cotemporaries. - -Ox-tail Soup (No. 240,) Giblet Soup (No. 244,) and (No. 87,) and (No. -89,) (No. 489,) and (No. 503,) are very agreeable extempore -Restoratives,--so easy of digestion, that they are a sinecure to the -Stomach, and give very little trouble to the chylopoietic organs--those -whose Teeth are defective--and those whose Circulation is below -_par_,--will find them acceptable Foods. - -"_Experto crede_,"--the reader will remember _Baglivi's_ chapter "_de -Idolis Medicorum_," wherein he tells us, that "Physicians always -prescribe to others, what they like themselves." The learned MANDEVILLE -has favoured us with five pages on the incomparably invigorating virtues -of _Stock Fish_!! a kind of Cod which is dried without being salted. See -pages 316, &c. of his _Treatise on Hypochondriasis_. - -The best Answers, to all inquiries about _The Wholesomes_, are the -following Questions;--"Do you like it?" "Does it agree with you?"--"then -eat in moderation, and you cannot do very wrong." - -Those who have long lived luxuriously, to be sufficiently nourished, -must be regularly supplied with Food that is nutritive, and Drink that -is stimulating[91],--_Spice and_ _Wine_, are as needful to the "BON -VIVANT" of a certain Age--as its _Mother's Milk_, is to a NEW-BORN -BABE. - -The decrease of the energy of Life arises from the decrease of the -action of the organs of the Body--especially those of Digestion,--which -in early life is so intense and perfect, that a Child, after its common -unexcitant meal of Bread and Milk, is as hilarious and frolicsome as an -Adult person is after a certain quantity of Roast Beef and Port. - -The infirm stomachs of Invalids, require a little indulgence[92]--like -other bad instruments, they often want oiling, and screwing, and winding -up and adjusting with the utmost care, to keep them in tolerable -order;--and will receive the most salutary Stimulus, from now and then -making a full meal of a favourite dish. This is not a singular notion of -my own, though it may not exactly agree with the fastidious fancy of -_Dr. Sangrado's_ disciples,--that Starvation and Phlebotomy, are -Sovereign Remedies for all Disorders. - -Those philanthropic Physicians, Dr. Diet,--Dr. Quiet,--and Dr. -Merryman,--hold the same doctrine as the _Magnus Coquus_--_i. e._ the -Author of "the Cook's Oracle," to whose culinary skill we have been so -repeatedly indebted in the composition of this work. - -As excessive Eating and Drinking is certainly the most frequent cause of -the disorders of the Rich,--so privation is the common source of -complaints among the Poor;--the cause of the one, is the cure of the -other--but where one of the latter dies of Want, how many thousands of -the former are destroyed by Indigestion! - -If strong Spices and savoury Herbs excite appetite--they (in an -increased ratio,) accelerate the action of the Bowels--and hurry the -food through the alimentary canal, too rapidly to allow the Absorbents -to do their work properly. - -_Salt_ is the most salubrious and easily obtainable relish which Nature -has given us to give sapidity to other substances; and has this -advantage over all other Sauces, that if taken to excess--it carries its -remedy with it in its Aperient quality. - -We suspect that most mischief is done by the immoderate and constant use -of the _Common Condiments_.--We have seen some puritanical folks, who -are for ever boasting that _They never touch_ MADE DISHES, &c. (one -would suppose they had the _Tongue of Pityllus_[93],) so be-devil every -morsel they put into their Mouth--with PEPPER, and MUSTARD, &c. that -they made their common food ten times more _piquante_--than the -burn-gullet _Bonne Bouche_ of an eastern Nabob, or _a Broiled Devil_, -enveloped in "veritable Sauce d'Enfer."--See (No. 355 and 538). - -We do not condemn the moderate use of Spices, but the constant and -excessive abuse of them,--by which the papillary nerves of the tongue -become so blunted, that in a little time they lose all relish for useful -nourishing food, and the Epicure is punished with all the sufferings of -incessant and incurable Indigestion,--perturbed Sleep--and the horrors -of the Night-Mare, &c. &c.--However, enough has been written by a -thousand cautionists, to convince any rational creature of the advantage -resulting to both the Body and the Mind from a simple and frugal -fare:--the great secret of Health and Longevity is to keep up the -sensibility of the Stomach. - -No Regimen[94] can be contrived that will suit every body. - - "Try all the bounties of this fertile Globe, - There is not such a salutary Food - As suits with every Stomach." - - Dr. ARMSTRONG'S _Art of Preserving - Health_, book ii. line 120. - -"I knew a black servant of Mr. Pitt, an Indian Merchant in America, who -was fond of SOUP _made of_ RATTLE SNAKES,--in which the Head, without -any regard to the Poison, was boiled along with the rest of the -animal."--Dr. G. FORDYCE, _on Digestion_, &c. 8vo. 1791, p. 119. - -No food is so delicious that it pleases all palates,--nothing can be -more correct than the old adage, "one man's meat is another man's -poison." - -It would be as difficult for a Laplander, or an earth-eating Ottomaque, -to convince our good citizens that Train Oil, and gutter-mud, is a more -elegant relish than their favourite Turtle--as for the former to fancy -that Kay or Birch's Soup can be as agreeable as the Grease and Garbage -which custom has taught them to think delicious. - - "Man differs more from Man - Than Man from Beast."--COLMAN. - -_Celsus_[95] very sensibly says, that "a healthy man, under his own -government, ought not to tie himself up by strict rules,--nor to abstain -from any sort of food; that he ought sometimes to fast, and sometimes to -feast." _Sanis, sunt omnia Sana._ - -When the Stomach sends forth eructant signals of distress, for help -against Indigestion, the _Peristaltic Persuaders_ (see the end of this -Essay) are as agreeable and effectual assistance as can be offered; and -for delicate Constitutions, and those that are impaired by Age or -Intemperance, are a valuable Panacea. - -They derive, and deserve this name, from the peculiar mildness of their -operation[96]. One or two very gently increase the action of the -principal viscera, help them to do their work a little faster,--and -enable the Stomach to serve with an ejectment whatever offends it,--and -move it into the Bowels. - -Thus _Indigestion_ is easily and speedily removed,--_Appetite_ -restored,--(the mouths of the absorbing vessels being cleansed) -_Nutrition_ is facilitated,--and _Strength_ of Body, and _Energy_ of -Mind[97], are the happy results. - -If an immediate operation be desired, take some _Tincture of -Rhubarb_--as a _Pill_ is the most gentle and gradually operating form -for a drug--a _Tincture_ in which it is as it were ready digested, is -the most immediate in its action. - -TO MAKE TINCTURE OF RHUBARB.--Steep three ounces of the best Rhubarb -(pounded) and half an ounce of Carraway Seeds, (pounded) in a bottle of -Brandy, for ten days. A table-spoonful in a wine-glass of hot water will -generally be enough. - -_Compound Tincture of Senna_, has been recommended, especially to those -who have accustomed themselves to the use of spirituous Liquors and high -living. Several similar preparations are sold under the name of _Daffy's -Elixir_--or as much EPSOM SALT, in half a pint of _hot_ water, as -experience has informed you, will produce one motion,--a Tea-spoonful -(_i. e._ from one to two drachms) will generally do this--especially if -it be taken in the morning, fasting, _i. e._ at least half an hour -before Breakfast. - -_The best way of covering the taste of_ SALT, is to put a lump of -_Sugar_ and a bit of thin-cut _Lemon Peel_[98] into the hot water, for a -few minutes before you stir the Salt into it,--to which you may add a -few grains of grated _Ginger_. - -EPSOM SALT is _a very speedy laxative_, often operating within an -hour,--does the business required of it with great regularity,--and is -more uniform in what it does,--and when it does it,--than any -Aperient;--ten minutes after you have taken it, encourage its operation -by drinking half a pint, or more, of warm water--weak Broth--Tea--thin -Gruel (No. 572), with some salt and butter in it--or _Soda Water_ (No. -481.*) See Index. - -"_Nil tam ad sanitatem, et longevitatem conducit, quam crebrae et -domesticae purgationes._"--LORD BACON.--_i. e._ "Nothing contributes so -much to preserve Health, and prolong Life, as frequently cleansing the -alimentary canal with gentle laxatives." - -We perfectly agree with Lord Bacon, and believe that in nine cases out -of ten, for which TONIC MEDICINES are administered, _Peristaltic -Persuaders_ will not only much more certainly improve Appetite,--but -invigorate the Constitution; by facilitating the absorption of -nutriment,--which, in aged and debilitated people, is often prevented by -the mouths of the vessels being half closed by the accumulation of -viscid mucus, &c. - -APERIENT MEDICINE does enough, if it increases the customary -Evacuation,--and does too much,--if it does more,--than excite one -additional motion. - -Bowels which are forced into double action to-day--must, consequently, -be costive to-morrow, and Constipation will be caused by the remedy you -have recourse to to remove it,--this has given rise to a _Vulgar -Error_,--that the use of even the mildest Laxative is followed by -Costiveness. - -_Rhubarb_ is particularly under this prejudice,--because it has been -more frequently employed as a domestic remedy,--and unadvisedly -administered in either too little, or too large a Dose. It has, however, -been recommended by a Physician of acknowledged Ability, and extensive -Experience. - -"If the Bowels are constipated, they should be kept regular by a Pill of -Rhubarb of five grains every morning."--PEMBERTON _on the Abdominal -Viscera_, p. 113. - -People are often needlessly uneasy about the Action of their Bowels.--If -their general Health is good, and they have neither Head-ach nor other -deranged sensations, and they live temperately, during the second period -of Life, whether they have two motions in one day, or one in two days, -perhaps is not of much consequence;--however, that the Alvine -Exoneration should take place regularly is certainly most -desirable;--especially after _Thirty-Five_ years of age[99], when the -elasticity of the machinery of Life begins to diminish. - -_To acquire a Habit of Regularity_, Mr. LOCKE, who was a Physician as -well as a Philosopher, advises that "if any person, as soon as he has -breakfasted, would presently solicit nature, so as to obtain a stool, he -might in time, by a constant application, bring it to be habitual." He -says "I have known none who have been steady in the prosecution of this -plan, who did not in a few months obtain the desired success."--_On -Education_, p. 23, &c. - -"It is well known that the alvine evacuation is periodical, and -subjected to the power of habit; if the regular call is not obeyed, the -necessity for the evacuation passes away; and the call being again and -again neglected, habitual costiveness is the consequence."--HAMILTON _on -Purgatives_, p. 72. - -It will facilitate the acquirement of this salutary evacuation,--to take -at night--such a dose of an Aperient medicine, as Experience has pointed -out, as just sufficient to assist nature to produce a Motion in the -Morning. - -HABITUAL COSTIVENESS is not curable by Drugs alone,--and is most -agreeably corrected by _Diet and Regimen_, those most important, and -only effectual, although much neglected (because little understood) -means of permanently alleviating _Chronic Complaints_, for which - - "Coquina est optima Medicina." - -Strong Constitutions are generally _Costive_[100],--that perfect and -vigorous action of the absorbents, which is the cause of their strength, -is also the cause of their Constipation:-- - - "Oportet sanorum, sedes esse figuratas." - -This ought to make them content,--but the Constipated are for ever -murmuring about a habit--which, if managed with moderate care,--is the -fundamental basis of Health and Long Life. A little attention to Regimen -will generally prevent it--a simple Laxative will suffice to remove -it--and neither will be often necessary, for those who observe a -deobstruent Diet--take proper Exercise in a pure Air--sufficient liquid -Food--and eat freely of Butter, Salt, and Sugar. - -The peculiarity of most Constitutions is so convenient, that almost all -Costive persons--by attending to the effects which various things -produce upon their Bowels--may find, in their usual Food and Drink, the -means of persuading their sluggish Viscera to vibrate with healthful -celerity. - -A SUPPER or BREAKFAST of thin Gruel, (No. 572,) with plenty of Butter -and Salt in it,--ripe Fruits, particularly _Grapes_[101],--Oranges,-- -Strawberries,--Raspberries,--Mulberries,--Marmalade,--Honey,-- -Treacle,--roasted Apples,--stewed Prunes,--Figs,--Raisins,-- -Tamarinds,--French Plumbs, &c.;--will almost always produce the desired -effect. - -Two or three strong _Cinnamon or Ginger Lozenges_, (see page 234,) -gradually dissolved in the mouth when the Stomach is empty, will act as -an Aperient on many persons. - -SALAD OIL is a very pleasant _Peristaltic Persuader_:--by the following -means it may be introduced (as a supper) to the most delicate -Stomach,--without any offence to the most fastidious Palate. - -Put a table-spoonful of Sherry into a wine-glass--on this a -table-spoonful of Olive Oil--on this another table-spoonful of -Sherry--or rub together a table-spoonful or two of Oil, with the yolk of -an Egg boiled hard, (No. 547,) add a little Vinegar and Salt to it, and -eat it at Supper as a Sauce to a Salad (No. 138*) of Mustard and -Cresses,--or Lettuce,--Radishes,--Button Onions,--Celery,--Cucumber, -&c.;--or cold boiled Asparagus,--Brocoli,--Cauliflower,--Carrot,--or -Turnip,--Kidney or French Beans,--or Pease;--or Pickled Salmon, (No. -161,) Lobster, (No. 176,) Shrimps, Herrings, Sprats, (No. 170**,) or -Mackarel, (No. 168,) or as a Sauce to cold Meat, &c. - -You may give it an infinite variety of agreeable flavours; the -ingredients to produce which are enumerated in (No. 372) of "THE COOK'S -ORACLE." - -Hypochondriac people are fond of taking Medicine at certain times, the -spring and fall,--at the full or the new Moon, &c. whether they want it -or not.--For those in Health to attempt to improve it by taking Physic, -is absurd indeed. Remember the epitaph on the Italian Count-- - - "I was well-- - Wished to be better-- - Took Physic--and died." - -Hypochondriasis--Spleen--Vapours--the Blue Devils--the Bile--Nervous -Debility, &c. are but so many different names for those Disorders which -arise either from CHRONIC WEAKNESS of the Constitution--or an -inconsiderate management of it.--A man who has a strong stamina will -bear irregularities with impunity--which will soon destroy a more -delicate frame. - -We do not laugh at the melancholy of the Hypochondriac,--or consider his -Complaints as merely the hallucinations of _un Malade Imaginaire_; but -trace the cause of them to either some Indigestion interrupting the -functions of the Alimentary Canal--which a gentle Aperient would -immediately remove--or the ineffective performance of the Restorative -Process--insufficiently nutritive Diet--or depression of the vital and -animal functions from anxiety or over-exertion of either the Mind or the -Body:--which nothing but Rest and nutritive Food can repair. - -The Editor of this little treatise has had from his Youth to bear up -against an highly irritable nervous system,--the means he has found -useful to manage and support it, he is now recording for the benefit of -other Nervous Invalids. - - * * * * * - -We advise our Friends--never to call in even the gentle aid of -Peristaltic Persuaders,--but when Instinct absolutely insists upon -it--some of the Indications of which are, "A disagreeable taste in the -Mouth--Eructations--Want of Appetite--Sensations of distention in the -Stomach and Bowels--Pains in the Stomach or -Head--Vertigo--Feverishness--Restlessness--Peevishness," &c.--but these -will often disappear by taking a liquid meal, instead of a solid one, or -using more exercise, will often answer the purpose.--Mr. Jones very -sensibly observes, "if people will by no means rest from constantly -tampering with laxatives, instead of using exercise, the habit of using -the _Lavement_ every evening cannot be so destructive, as it irritates -only _twelve inches_ of intestine, and spares raking down the other -_thirty-nine feet_."--_See Med. Vul. Errors_, p. 44. - -RELAXED BOWELS[102] are often extremely unmanageable, and difficult to -regulate--and are the principal cause of that _Chronic Weakness_ which -is so generally complained of, and of many other distressing Nervous -Disorders. - -If the Bowels are unfaithful to the Stomach, and, instead of playing -fair,--let go their hold of the "Pabulum Vitae," before the Absorbents -have properly performed the process which that grand organ has prepared -for them--Nutrition will be deficient; and Flatulence, &c. &c. -Giddiness,--Spasms,--Head-ache,--and Back-ache,--and what are called -_Bilious and Nervous_ Disorders,--and all the Diseases incident to -Debility, will attack you on the slightest cause. - -Those who are afflicted with a relaxation of the Bowels, are advised to -a _Dry diet_, rather than a _Liquid one_, and must submit to a Regimen -diametrically contrary to that we have recommended to cure Constipation. - -"Since I lessened my Drink I have been much more costive than I was -before, and have for two years past freed myself from a Diarrhoea. -Costiveness generally attends dry food in other animals as well as -men."--B. ROBINSON, _on Food and Discharges_, p. 82 and 64. - -Live principally upon Animal Food sufficiently cooked, and Stale Bread, -or biscuit;--instead of Malt liquor (unless it be very mild and good -Homebrewed Beer, which is the best of all Beverages) drink Beef-Tea, -(No. 563), or well made Toast and Water[103] (No. 463*), with about -one-fourth part of Wine, and a little Sugar and grated Nutmeg or Ginger -in it;--if the Stomach be troubled with Acidity, or great Flatulence, -one-eighth part of Brandy may agree with it better:--_whatever You eat -and drink should be Warmed_.--See page 94 on _Siesta_, and page 158. - -Be watchful of the effects of the Food which you take,--avoid whatever -appears to irritate, and _eat only that which experience has proved -acceptable_. - -IRRITABLE BOWELS are excited to inconveniently increased action by any -thing that the Stomach has either not the ability, or the inclination, -to prepare for them,--and _Diarrhoea_ is the consequence. - -The easiest and most effectual method of restoring tranquillity in the -Bowels--is to be content with a light diet of Gruel, Broth, or Fish, &c. -till the return of a keen Appetite assures you, that the Stomach has -recovered its powers, and being ready for action, requires its usual -supply of solid food. - -_When the Bowels get a trick of emptying themselves too often_,--a -teaspoonful of Compound Powder of Chalk in your Tea,--or a wine-glassful -of the following mixture, taken twice or thrice a day, will generally -cure them of it very speedily:-- - - Rx Chalk mixture, six ounces. - Tincture of Cinnamon (No. 416*), one ditto. - Opiate Confection, one drachm. - - Mixed together. - -If Diarrhoea continues obstinate, more powerful Astringents[104] may -be necessary. - -TINCTURE OF CINNAMON (No. 416*) is one of the best cordial tonics--see -also (No. 569) and (Nos. 413 & 15.) - -OPIUM LOZENGES, containing a quarter of a grain each, and strongly -flavoured with Oil of Peppermint, are recommended to those who are -troubled with relaxed Bowels. - -STRONG PEPPERMINT LOZENGES are the most convenient portable -carminative:--as soon as they are dissolved, their influence is felt -from the beginning, to the end of the Alimentary Canal;--they dissipate -flatulence so immediately, that they well deserve the name of _Vegetable -AEther_; and are recommended to SINGERS[105] AND PUBLIC SPEAKERS, as -giving effective excitement to the organs of the Voice,--as a support -against the distressing effects of fasting too long--and to give energy -to the Stomach between meals. - -N.B. _Sixty different sorts of Lozenges_, are made in the most -superlative manner, by Mr. Smith, Fell Street, Wood Street, Cheapside. - -His _Rose Jujubes_--are a very elegant preparation, which those who have -not a remarkably Sweet Breath, are recommended to take the last thing at -night, and the first in the morning--the breath smells faintest when the -Stomach is emptiest. - -His _Mellifluous Aromatics_ are so delicately flavoured, they moisten -the mouth and throat without cloying the Palate, Stomach, &c., which is -more than can be said of most Lozenges. - - _To make_ FORTY PERISTALTIC PERSUADERS. - - Take, - Turkey Rhubarb, finely pulverized, two drachms. - Syrup (by weight) one drachm. - Oil of Carraway, ten drops (minums). - Made into Pills, each of which will contain _Three - Grains of Rhubarb_. - -THE DOSE OF THE PERSUADERS must be adapted to the constitutional -peculiarity of the Patient:--when you wish to accelerate or augment the -Alvine Exoneration--take two, three, or more, according to the effect -you desire to produce--_two Pills_ will do as much for one person as -_five_ or _six_ will for another; they generally will very regularly -perform what you wish to-day,--without interfering with what you hope -will happen to-morrow;--and are, therefore, as convenient an argument -against Constipation as any we are acquainted with. - -_The most convenient opportunity to introduce them to the Stomach_--is -early in the Morning, when it is unoccupied,--and has no particular -business to attend to, _i. e._ at least half an hour before Breakfast. - -_Physic_ should never interrupt the Stomach, when it is engaged in -digesting _Food_--perhaps the best time to take it, is when you awake -out of your first Sleep--or as soon as you awake in the morning. -Moreover, such is the increased sensibility of some Stomachs at that -time, that half the quantity of Medicine will suffice. - -From _two to four Persuaders_ will generally produce one additional -motion within twelve hours. - -They may be taken at any time--by the most DELICATE FEMALES, whose -Constitutions are so often distressed by Constipation[106], and -destroyed by the drastic purgatives they take to relieve it. See also -page 224. - -Their agreeable flavour recommends them as the most convenient aperient -for CHILDREN, whose indispositions most frequently arise from -obstructions in the Bowels;--it is not always a very easy task to -prevail upon a spoiled Child to take Physic;--therefore--we have made -our Pill to taste exactly like Gingerbread. - -For INFANTS, too young to swallow a Pill, pound it, and mix it with -Currant Jelly, Honey, or Treacle. - -ON THE FIRST ATTACK OF DISEASE--it may generally be disarmed by -discharging the contents of the Bowels:--IN EVERY DISORDER[107] the main -point is carefully to watch, and constantly to keep up the activity of -the Alimentary Canal--for want of due attention to this, MILLIONS -(especially of _Children_) HAVE DIED OF MEDICABLE DISORDERS!! - -FOR BILIOUS OR LIVER[108] COMPLAINTS, (which are now the fashionable -names for all those deranged sensations of the Abdominal Viscera--which -as often arise from the want, as from the excess of Bile--and perhaps -most frequently from _Indigestion_)--and for expelling WORMS[109], for -which it is the fashion to administer _Mercury_[110] (which, because it -is the only remedy for one Disease, people suppose must be a _panacea_ -for every disorder) and other drastic mineral medicines, which are -awfully uncertain both in their strength and in their operation. - -If, instead of two or three times a week tormenting your Bowels with -_Corrosive Cathartics_,--_Hydragogues_,--_Phlegmagogues_, &c., you take -one or two gentle PERSUADERS, twice or thrice a day;--they will excite a -gradual and regularly increased action of the Viscera--restore the tone -of the Alimentary tube--and speedily and effectually cure the disorder, -without injuring the Constitution. - -There is not a more universal or more mischievous _Vulgar Error_, than -the notion, that Physic is efficacious, in proportion as it is extremely -disagreeable to take, and frightfully violent in its operation,--unless -a medicine actually produces more Distress in the System, than the -Disorder it is administered to remove--in fact, if the Remedy be not -worse than the Disease, the million have no faith in it--and are not -satisfied that they can be perfectly cured if they escape -Phlebotomy,--unless put to extreme pain, and plentifully supplied with -Black Doses, and drastic Drugs;--they have the best opinion of that -Doctor who most furiously - - "_Vomits_--_Purges_--_Blisters_--_Bleeds_, and _Sweats 'em_." - -To perfectly content them that you have most profoundly considered their -case, you must to such Prescription--add a Proscription of every thing -they appear particularly partial to!!! - -People who in all other respects appear to be very rational--and are apt -to try other questions by the rules of Common Sense, in matters relating -to their Health, surrender their understanding to the fashion of the -Day,--and in the present Century, on all occasions take _Calomel_ as -coolly as in the last, their Grandfathers inundated their poor Stomachs -with _Tar-Water_. - - * * * * * - -TONIC TINCTURE, (No. 569) is - - Peruvian Bark, bruised, one ounce and a half. - Orange Peel, do. one ounce. - Brandy, or Proof Spirit, one pint. - -Let these ingredients steep for ten days, shaking the bottle every -day--let it remain quiet two days--and then decant the clear liquor. - -Dose--one teaspoonful in a wineglass of water, twice a day, when you -feel languid, _i. e._ when the Stomach is empty, about an hour before -Dinner, and in the Evening. Twenty grains of the Powder of Bark may be -added to it occasionally. - -To this agreeable Aromatic Tonic we are under personal obligations, for -frequently putting our Stomach into good temper, and procuring us good -Appetite and good Digestion. - -In low Nervous affections, arising from a languid Circulation--and, when -the Stomach is in a state of shabby debility from age--intemperance, or -other causes--this is a most acceptable restorative. - -N.B. TEA made with dried and bruised _Seville Orange Peel_, (in the same -manner as common Tea,) and drank with milk and sugar, has been taken for -Breakfast by _Nervous_ and _Dyspeptic_ persons with great benefit. - -CHEWING a bit of _Orange Peel_ twice a day when the Stomach is empty, -will be found very grateful, and strengthening to it.-- - - * * * * * - -STOMACHIC TINCTURES. - -Two ounces of CASCARILLA Bark (bruised)--or dried ORANGE PEEL,--or -COLOMBA ROOT--infused for a fortnight in a pint of Brandy, will give you -the Tinctures called by those names. - -Dose--one or two teaspoonsful in a wine-glass of water. - - * * * * * - -TINCTURE OF CINNAMON, (No. 416*). - -This excellent Cordial is made by pouring a bottle of genuine Cogniac -(No. 471) on three ounces of bruised Cinnamon (Cassia will not do). This -cordial restorative was more in vogue formerly, than it is now;--a -teaspoonful of it, and a lump of Sugar, in a glass of good Sherry or -Madeira, with the yolk of an Egg beat up in it--was called "_Balsamum -Vitae_." - - "_Cur moriatur homo, qui sumit de Cinnamomo?_"--"Cinnamon is verie - comfortable to the Stomacke, and the principall partes of the - bodie." - - "_Ventriculum, Jecur, Lienem Cerebrum, nervosque juvant et - roborat._"--"I reckon it a great treasure for a student to have by - him, in his closet, to take now and then a spoonfull."--COGAN'S - _Haven of Health_, 4to. 1584, p. 111. - -_Obs._--Two teaspoonsful in a wineglass of water--are a present and -pleasant remedy in Nervous Languors--and in relaxations of the -Bowels--in the latter case five drops of Laudanum may be added to each -dose. - - * * * * * - -SODA WATER, (No. 481*.) - -The best way of producing agreeable _Pneumatic Punch_, as a learned -Chemist has called this refreshing refrigerant, is to fill two half-pint -Tumblers half full of Water,--stir into one 30 grains of _Carbonate of -Potash_,--into the other 25 grains of _Citric[111] Acid_, (both being -previously finely pounded,)--when the powders are perfectly -dissolved--pour the contents of one tumbler into the other--and -sparkling Soda Water is instantaneously produced. - -To make DOUBLE SODA WATER, use double the quantity of the Powder. - -_Single Soda Water_ is a delightful drink in sultry weather--and may be -very agreeably flavoured by dissolving a little Raspberry or Red Currant -Jelly in the Water, (before you add the Carbonate of Potash to it), or a -little Tincture of Ginger, (No. 411,)--or Syrup of Ginger, (No. -394,)--or Syrup of Lemon Peel, (No. 393,)--or infuse a roll of fresh and -thin-cut Lemon Peel, and a bit of Sugar in the water--or rub down a few -drops of (No. 408,) with a bit of Lump Sugar, with or without a little -grated Ginger;--a glass of Sherry or a tablespoonful of Brandy is -sometimes added. - -The addition of a teaspoonful of the TONIC TINCTURE (No. 569,) will give -you a very refreshing Stomachic--and ten drops of _Tinct. Ferri -Muriati_ put into the water in which you dissolve the Citric Acid--a -fine effervescing Chalybeate. - -_The day after a Feast_, if you feel fevered and heated, you cannot do -better than drink a half-pint glass or two of _Single Soda Water_ -between Breakfast and Dinner. - -DOUBLE SODA WATER (especially if made with tepid water) is an excellent -auxiliary to accelerate the operation of Aperient Medicine--and, if -taken in the Morning fasting, will sometimes move the Bowels without -further assistance. - -If some good _Cogniac_ or Essence of Ginger (No. 411) be added to it, it -is one of the best helps to set the Stomach to work--and remove the -distressing languor which sometimes follows hard drinking. - - * * * * * - -ESSENCE OF GINGER, (No. 411). - -The fragrant _aroma_ of Ginger is so extremely volatile, that it -evaporates almost as soon as it is pounded--the fine Lemon peel _gout_ -flies off presently. - -If Ginger is taken to produce an immediate effect--to warm the -Stomach--dispel Flatulence, &c., or as an addition to Aperient -Medicine--the following is the best preparation of it:-- - -Steep three ounces of _fresh grated_ Ginger, and one ounce of fresh -Lemon Peel, (cut thin) in a quart of Brandy--or Proof Spirit, for ten -days, shaking it up each day. - -N.B. TINCTURE OF ALLSPICE, which is sometimes called _Essence of -Bishop_, for making _Mulled Wine_, _&c._ extempore, is prepared in the -same manner. - - * * * * * - -GRUEL, (No. 252). - -1st. Ask those who are to eat it, if they like it _THICK_ or _thin_; if -the latter, mix well together by degrees, in a pint basin, _one_ -tablespoonful of Oatmeal with three of cold water;--if the former, _two_ -spoonsful. - -Have ready, in a Stewpan, a pint of boiling water or milk--pour this by -degrees to the Oatmeal you have mixed--return it into the Stewpan--set -it on the fire--and let it boil for five minutes--stirring it all the -time to prevent the Oatmeal from burning at the bottom of the -Stewpan--skim--and strain it through a Hair Sieve. - -2d. To convert this into CAUDLE--add a little Ale--Wine--or Brandy--with -Sugar--and _if the Bowels are disordered_, a little Nutmeg or Ginger -grated. - -Gruel may be made with Broth[112] (No. 490,) or (No. 252,) or (No. 564,) -instead of Water--(to make _Crowdie_, see No. 205*,)--and may be -flavoured with _Sweet Herbs_--_Soup Roots_ and _Savoury Spices_--by -boiling them for a few minutes in the water you are going to make the -Gruel with--or ZEST (No. 255)--Pea Powder (No. 458)--or dried -Mint--Mushroom Catsup (No. 439)--or a few grains of Curry Powder (No. -455)--or Savoury Ragout Powder (No. 457)--or Cayenne (No. 404)--or -Celery Seed bruised--or Soup Herb Powder (No. 459)--or an Onion minced -very fine and bruised in with the Oatmeal--or a little Eschalot Wine -(No. 402)--or Essence of Celery (No. 409)--or (No. 413)--(No. 417)--or -(No. 420), &c. - -PLAIN GRUEL, such as is directed in the first part of this Recipe, is -one of the best Breakfasts and Suppers that we can recommend to the -rational Epicure;--is the most comforting soother of an irritable -Stomach that we know--and particularly acceptable to it _after a hard -day's work of Intemperate Feasting_--when the addition of half an ounce -of Butter, and a teaspoonful of Epsom Salt will give it an aperient -quality, which will assist the principal Viscera to get rid of their -burden. - -"_Water Gruel_" (says Tryon in his Obs. on Health, 16mo. 1688, p. 42,) -is "the KING _of Spoon Meats_," and "the QUEEN _of Soups_," and -gratifies nature beyond all others. - -In the "_Art of Thriving_," 1697, p. 8, are directions for preparing -Fourscore Noble and Wholesome Dishes, upon most of which _a Man may live -excellent well for Twopence a_ _day_: the author's _Obs._ on _Water -Gruel_ is, that "ESSENCE OF OATMEAL" makes "_a noble and exhilarating -meal_!" - -Dr. FRANKLIN'S favourite Breakfast was a good basin of warm Gruel, in -which there was a small slice of Butter with Toasted Bread and -Nutmeg--the expense of this, he reckoned at three half-pence. - -"Mastication is a very necessary Preparation of solid Aliment, without -which there can be no good Digestion."--The above are the first lines in -ARBUTHNOT'S _Essay on Aliment_. - -This first act of the important process of Digestion, is most perfectly -performed, when the flavour, &c. of our Food is agreeable to our -Taste;--we naturally detain upon our Palate those things which please -it,--and the Meat we relish most, is consequently most broken down by -chewing, and most intimately incorporated with the Saliva--this is the -reason why what we desire most, we digest best. - -Here, is a sufficient answer, to the Folios which have sprung from the -Pens of cynical and senseless Scribblers--on whom Nature not having -bestowed a Palate, they have proscribed those pleasures they had not -Sense[113] to taste, or comprehend the wise purposes for which they were -given to us, and - - "Compound for Sins they are inclin'd to, - By damning those they have no mind to." - -How large a share of the business of Digestion is managed by -Mastication, has been shown by the experiments of _Spallanzani_[114]. - -To Chew long, and leisurely, is the only way to extract the essence of -our food--to enjoy the taste of it, and to render it easily convertible -into laudable Chyle, by the facility it gives to the gastric juices to -dissolve it without trouble. - -The pleasure of the _Palate_, and the health of the _Stomach_, are -equally promoted by this salutary habit, which all should be taught to -acquire in their infancy. - -The more tender meat is, the more we may eat of it.--That which is most -difficult to Chew, is of course most difficult to Digest. - -From 30 to 40 (according to the tenderness of the meat) has been -calculated as the mean number of Munches, that solid meat requires, to -prepare it for its journey down _the Red Lane_; less will be sufficient -for tender, delicate, and easily digestible white meats. - -The sagacious _Gourmand_, will calculate this precisely,--and not waste -his precious moments in useless Jaw-work, or invite an Indigestion by -neglecting _Mastication_. - -I cannot give any positive rules for this, it depends on the state of -the Teeth[115]; every one, especially _the Dyspeptic_, ought to -ascertain the condition of these useful working tools; and to use them -with proportionate diligence, is an indispensable exercise which every -rational Epicure will most cheerfully perform, who has any regard for -the welfare of his Stomach[116]. - -It has been recommended, that those whose Teeth are defective, should -mince their meat--this will certainly save trouble to both Teeth and -Stomach--nevertheless, it is advisable, let the meat be minced ever so -fine, to endeavour to mumble it into a pulp before it be introduced to -the Stomach--on account of the advantage derived from its admixture with -the SALIVA. - -"By experiment, I determined the quantity of _Saliva_ secreted in half -an hour, to be _whilst the parts were at rest_, four drachms,--whilst -_eating_, five ounces four drachms."--STARK _on Diet_, p. 99. - -MASTICATION is the source of all good Digestion;--_with its assistance_, -almost any thing may be put into any stomach with impunity:--_without -it_, Digestion is always difficult, and often impossible: and be it -always remembered, it is not merely what we eat, but what we digest -well, that nourishes us. - -The sagacious _Gourmand_ is ever mindful of his motto-- - - "Masticate, Denticate, Chump, Grind, and Swallow." - -The four first acts, he knows he must perform properly,--before he dare -attempt the fifth. - -Those who cannot enjoy a savoury morsel on account of their Teeth, or -rather on account of the want of them, we refer to the note at the foot -of p. 260, and also have the pleasure to inform them, that PATENT -MASTICATORS are made by PALMER, _Cutler, in St. James's Street_. - -To those who may inadvertently exercise their Masticative faculties on -unworthy materials--or longer on worthy ones than nature finds -convenient, we recommend "Peristaltic Persuaders." See page 235. - -When either the _Teeth_ or _Stomach_ are extremely feeble, especial -care must be taken _to keep Meat till it is tender_--before it is -cooked--and call in the aid of the _Pestle_ and _Mortar_.--And see Nos. -10,--18,--87,--89,--175,--178; from 185 to 250,--502--542--and -especially 503. Or dress in the usual way whatever is best liked--mince -it--put it into a Mortar--and pound it with a little Broth or melted -Butter,--Vegetable,--Herb,--Spice,--Zest, No. 255, &c.--according to the -taste, &c. of the Eater.--The business of the Stomach is thus very -materially facilitated. - -"Mincing or Pounding Meat--saveth the grinding of the Teeth; and -therefore (no doubt) is more nourishing, especially in Age,--or to them -that have weak teeth; but Butter is not proper for weak bodies,--and -therefore, moisten it in pounding with a little Claret Wine, and a very -little Cinnamon or Nutmeg."--LORD BACON'S _Natural History_, Century -1.--54. - -This is important Advice for those who are afflicted with "_Tic -Douloureux_,"--the paroxysm of which is generally provoked by the -exercise of Eating,--and the Editor has known that dreadful disorder -cured by the Patient frequently taking food thus prepared in small -portions, instead of a regular meal. - -The TEETH should be cleaned after every meal with a "TOOTH PRESERVER," -(_i. e._ a very soft brush,) and then rinsed with _tepid_ water--_never -neglect this at night_;--nothing destroys the Teeth so fast as suffering -food to stick between them--those who observe this rule, will seldom -have any occasion for _Dentifrices_--_Essences of Ivory_--_Indurating -Liquid Enamels_, _&c._ - -But it is the rage just now with some Dentists, to recommend Brushes so -hard, that they fetch Blood like a Lancet wherever they touch; and -instead of "_Teeth Preservers_," these should rather be termed "_Gum -Bleeders_." - -Not even a Philosopher can endure the TOOTHACH patiently--what an -overcoming agony then it must be to a _Grand Gourmand_!--depriving him -of the means of enjoying an amusement which to him is the grand solace -for all sublunary cares.--To alleviate, and indeed generally to cure -this intolerable pain--we recommend - - _Toothache and Anti-rheumatic Embrocation_, (No. 567.) - - Sal Volatile--three parts. - Laudanum--one part. - -Mix and rub the part in pain therewith frequently. If the Tooth which -aches is hollow, drop some of this on a bit of cotton, and put it into -the Tooth,--if the pain does not abate within an hour--take out the -cotton, and put another piece in--changing it every hour four or five -times, till the pain ceases. - -In a general Face-ach, or sore Throat--moisten a piece of flannel with -it and put it to the part affected,--rub any part afflicted with -Rheumatism night and morning, and in the middle of the day. I have -frequently cured old and inveterate Rheumatic affections with this -Liniment. - - - - -INDEX. - - - Actors, Hints to, concerning their Health, 96 - - Ale, 11, 144 - Stale ditto, how to make fresh, 11 - - Abernethy, Mr., quoted, 9, 41, 49, 102, 159, 178, 238 - - Abstinence, cheapest Cure for Intemperance, 159 - - Athletic weight, what, 59 - - Air, on the change of, 8 - Do. Note at foot of 66 - Stagnant, Dr. Struve's Obs. on, 114 - General Obs. on change of, &c., 119 - not always advisable 121 - - Animal Food, 10 - - Alcohol, proportion of, in Wines, Brandy, Gin, &c., 138 - Dr. Philips's Obs. on 145 - - Arbuthnot, Dr., quoted, 1, 19 - Obs. on Mastication 250 - - Anxiety of Mind, Evils arising from, 85 to 87 - Do. Sir John Sinclair on, Note to, 86 - Do. Dr. Whytt, do., 86 - Do. Sir Thomas Barnard, do., 86 - Do. Dr. Colton, do., 86 - - Appetite, to refresh, 163 - Three Sorts of, in Note to, 163 - Varieties of, 169 - Montaigne's Obs. on, 200 - - Aperients, what the best, 215 - what they ought to do, 219 - Lord Bacon's Obs, 219 - Mr. Locke's do., 221 - Dr. Hamilton's do., 221 - best time to introduce them to the Stomach, 235 - for Children, 237 - - Astringents, 232 - - - Bacon, Lord, his Obs. on Aperients, 219 - on Food for those whose Teeth are defective, 263 - - Barclay, Captain, quoted, 3, 7 - his Diet during his extraordinary walk, 13 - - Balsamum Vitae, 97 - - Brown, Dr., his Obs. on the Materia Medica, &c., 5 - - Bath, tepid, 126 - - Brain, the two ways of fertilizing, 68 - - Bed Room, 90 - Curtains, 91 - - Bed, best, 91 - ventilated, 92 - Do. in hot weather, 92 - A Fire in, 93 - Clothes, 103 - Ditto, ditto, in cold weather, 104 - - Beef, 10, 22, 31 - eaters preferred to Sheep-biters, 29 - Tea, how to make, 96, 182 - a good Tonic, 182 - on the digestibility of, 177 - Obs. on, by Bryan Robinson. By the Editor. By Mr. Astley Cooper, - 177 - - Beer, 11, 23, 28, 144 - - Breakfast, 20 - Do. of Beef Tea recommended after hard drinking, 161 - of Queen Elizabeth, A.D. 1550, 184 - of a Washerwoman in A.D. 1821, 184 - - Bread, Liquid, 144 - Crust of, wonderful virtues of, 169 - - Broils, 26 - - Broths, in what degree nutritive, 30 - excellent Mutton, 254 - - Breath, _Rose Jujubes_ for those who have not a remarkable sweet, - 234 - - Blumenbach on the Pulse, 45 - - Bowels, constipated, how to regulate, 220 - relaxed, do., 228 - - Braces, 111 - - Bons Vivants, hint to, 122 - Do. do., 207 and 208 - - Brandy, how much it wastes in keeping, 135 - where to buy it, 141 - - Bilious Attack, 172 - Disorders, 238 - - Bishop, Essence of, 248 - - Bouillon, Tablettes de, 179 - Do. how to make, 251 - - - Cadogan, Dr., Address to him quoted, 169 - quoted, 83 - - Calcavella Wine, 154 - - Calomel, 242 - - Cellar, the temperature of a good, 133 - on the management of, 134 - - Cheyne, Dr., quoted, 87, 216 - - Corpulency, to reduce, 29, 50, 64 - Authors who have written thereon, 64 - by walking, 62 - by fasting, 62 - by purging, 62 - Panacea for, 125 - - Customs, 17 - Dr. Armstrong's Obs. on. Struve's do., 65 - - Crabs, 30 - - Colton, his Obs. on Intemperance, 34 - - Cornaro, a compendium of his system in his own words, 38 - liked New Wine, 136 - - Cold Food and Drink, bad for the Dyspeptic and Gouty, 94 - - Cold, the frequent cause of Palsy, 113 - an easy way to get rid of one, 117 - - Chronic Disorders, common cause of, 63 - importance of Regimen in, 202 - - Cooper, Mr. Astley, quoted 177 - - Condiments, the excessive use of common, 210 - - Chimney Sweeping, 81 - Boards, 91 - - Clothes, 103 - how to adjust them to a nicety, 104 - Disorders arising from change of, 106 - J. Stewart's Obs. on, 106 - tight and thin very injurious, 110 - - Coat, 106 - Great one, where to keep, 110 - - Corks, Obs. on, 134 - - Cosmetic, 125 - - Crowdie, 250 - - Curacoa, 141 - how to make, 150 - - Cucumber, how to eat, 171 - - Claret, 153 - - Cheese, 171 - - Chyle, Dr. Moore's Obs. on the, 212 - Sir John Sinclair's do., 213 - - Cinnamon Lozenges, aperient, 224 - Tincture, 233 - how to make, 244 - - Cramp in the Stomach, remedy for, 189 - - Costiveness, habitual, how to cure, 222 - Do. by a Supper or Breakfast, 224 - Do. by Grapes, 224 - Do. fresh or dried Fruits, 224 - Do. Cinnamon or Ginger Lozenges, 224 - Do. Salad Oil, &c., 225 - - - Darwin, Dr., quoted, 178 - - Diet, a general rule for, 33 - The proportion of Meat to Drink, 57 - Facts relative to, 213 - - Death, sudden in the night, a common cause of, 193 - - Digestibility of various Foods, 176 - - Digestion, the process of, how long about, 176 - Spallanzani's Obs. thereon, 176 - when it goes on merrily, 203 - how exquisitely perfect in Children, 208 - - Dinner, 21 to 24 - a Ban Yan, 24 - best time for, 179 - Hour of, A.D. 1570, 183 - Dr. Cogan's Obs. on, 183 - Mr. Warner's do., 183 - Mr. Pye's do., 183 - in the Northumberland Household Book for A.D. 1512, 184 - Hour of in 1821, Verses on, 186 - at Night, and Supper in the Morning, 186 - - Dining out, 114 & 153 - bad effects from, 191 - - Doors, double, 91 - - Dogs, 80 - - Dyspeptic Disorders, the common cause of, 38 - Do., 83 - Persons should have warm Food, 94 & 95 - when extreme, remedy for, 164 - Hint to, 260 - - Drinkers, three sorts of, 141 - Thermometer for, 142 - Hints for hard, 162 - Do., 164 - - Drinking, the Economy of, 144 - - Diarrhoea, 228 - Rules for those subject to, 230 - - - Eating, good, 172 - - Ear, instance of a fine one, 47 - - Edmonds, Mr. the Dentist 260 - - Eggs, how nutritive, 30 - - Ennui, remedy for, 73 - - Exercise, the indispensable importance of, 8 - Mr. Abernethy on, 9 - Dr. Cheyne, 9 - must be increased, &c., 33 - Neglect of, the great cause of Indigestion, 38 - Obs. on the importance of, 122 - Do. by Cowper, 122 - Do. by Armstrong, 122 - Do. by Dr. Cadogan, 123 - Do. Sir Chas. Scarborough, 123 - - English Melodies, 233 - - Epicurism, Dr. Swift's Obs. on, 185 - - Eudiometer, 120 - - Economy of Drinking, 144 - - Epsom Salt, 217 - the most agreeable way to take it, 218 - - Essence of Meat, how to obtain, 251 - Oatmeal, 256 - - - Fat, what makes animals, 64 - - Fasting a day, effect of, 62 - too long, the bad effects of, and how to avoid them, 175, 180, - 182 - - Feasting, intemperate, to remove the disorders arising from, 160 - - Falconer, Dr. quoted, 25 - - Fish not so nutritive as Flesh, 29 and 30 - Shell, do., 30 - - Forty-Winks, a nap of, 23 - - Forty, a Man at, 199 - - Food, what easiest of Digestion, 26 - Test of the relative restorative powers of Meat, Poultry, and - Fish, 28 - Scale of, do., 28 - Gelatinous, 30 - what most invigorating, 31, 32 - the Editor's own experience, 31 - how important to Health, &c., 49 - for those whose Teeth are defective, 263 - - Flannel Waistcoats, 106 - - Franklin, Dr. his Economical Project, 75 - - Fashionable Society, disorders of, 83 - - Fitzgerald, Mr. quoted, 84 - - Flatulence, the common cause of, - and how to prevent and remove it, 99, 172, and 175 - - Feet, when cold, 108 - should be kept very clean, 126 - - Fire, on the management of a, 113 - plan of lighting, 117 - - - Garters, 111 - - Goose roasted, how invigorating, 29 - the Latin for it, 171 - - Grog, the strength of, 89 - - Gruel, various ways of making and flavouring, 248 - Tryon's Obs. on, 255 - - Gin, proportion of Spirit in, 139 - - Ginger Lozenges, 173 - Aperient, 224 - - Ginger, Tincture of, how to make, - preferable and more convenient than the powder, 247 - - Gourmand's motto, 262 - - Gum-bleeders, 264 - - - Hatching, 68 - - Health, Happiness, and Longevity, Pope's recipe for, 42 - - Heat, external, promotes Digestion, 158 and 159 - - Heartburn, remedy for, 161 - - Heart, palpitation of, 173 - - Horizontal Refreshment, 23 - - Heberden, Dr. his Obs. on Regimen, 198 - - Hunter, J. on digestibility of dressed and raw Meats, 27 - - Hunger, 180 - - Heidelburgh Tun, 131 - - Hours, early one's, how Healthful, 74 - late, the bane of the delicate and nervous, 75 - - Huffeland quoted, 126 - - - Jackson, Mr. teacher of Sparring, 51 - - Jameson, Dr. quoted, 35 - - Ice after Dinner, 167 - - Jones, Sir William, his Andrometer, 36 - - Jellies, in what degree nutritive, 30 - - Jockey, to waste one, 29 - - Inebriation, how to relieve the indispositions arising from, 160 - when doubly debilitating, 162 - - Indigestion, 48 - common cause of, 38 - how to relieve, 157 - Do. when extreme, 164 - often caused by Anxiety of Mind, 172 - Daubenton recommends Ipecacuanha for, 189 - - Ivanhoe, the preface to it quoted, 98 - - Johnson, his Curacoa, 98, 141 - Brandy, &c., 141 - - Irish Whiskey, 149 - - Intemperance, how to cure the Chronic complaints occasioned by it, - 58 - - Instinct, the best guide in the choice of Aliment, 198 - Dr. Heberden's Obs. on, 198 - Mr. Abernethy, do., 198 - from Domestic Management, 199 - from Evylyn, 200 - from Young, 200 - from Montaigne, 200 - from Dr. W. Hunter, 200 - from J. Hunter, 201 - from Dr. Armstrong, 201 - from Dr. Smith, 201 - from Dr. Adair, 201 - from Dr. Withers, 202 - from Dr. Sydenham, 202 - from Spectator, 202 - from Dr. Mandeville, 203 - - - Kitchiner, Dr. quoted, 47 - - - Life, how to live all the Days of, 2 and 42 - the Meridian of, 17, 43 - divided into Three Stages, 33 and 34 - calculation showing the rate of Self-Consumption, 44 - Do. of the expectations of, at various ages, 45 - Do. note at foot of p., 83 - what the great Art of, 67 - Literary men, not long-lived, 69 - a country, 82 - - Lavement, 228 - - Lettsom, Dr. his moral and physical Thermometer, 142 - - Lemon Peel, how to make Quintessence of, 218 - - Lip, under, plump and rosy, the most certain criterion of Health, - 15 - - Liver, how to render Healthful, 63 - Complaints, 239 - - Liver, Mr. Carlisle's Observations on, 239 - - Lobsters, 30 - - Locke, Mr. quoted, 221 - - Liquid Bread, 144 - - Luncheon, 21, 175 - - Lungs, 121 - - Longings, especially in Acute Diseases, 202 - Withers' Obs. on, 202 - - LOZENGES, 60 sorts made by Mr. Smith, - Fell Street, Wood Street, Cheapside, 234 - - - Magnesia, an uncertain Medicine, 161 - - Mastication, how important to Digestion, 88 - Dr. Arbuthnot Obs. on, 256 - Spallanzani ditto, 258 - calculation of the mean number of Munches requisite, 259 - - Masticators, patent, where to buy, 262 - - Mathematical Valetudinarian, a calculation of, 18 - - Mattress, of Horse-hair, 91 - - Matrimony, 70 - best ages for, 70 - - Meat _under_-done, 27 - _over_-done, 27 - thoroughly done most digestible, 27 - Essence of, 251 - Minced, recommended by Lord Bacon, 263 - - Mercury, Obs. on, 240 - - Measure, Lyne's glass, 129 - - Madeira, 134 - Obs., 154 - - Mind, how important tranquillity of, 9 - the vigour of, decays with that of the Body, 50 - exertion of, more exhausting than that of the Body, 66, 67, and 87 - Anxiety of, paralyses Digestion, 67 - Anxiety of, a common cause of Indigestion, 172 - - Mellifluous Aromatics, 234 - - Mutton, 10-22 - Digestibility of, 177 - Chops, delicately stewed, 254 - Broth, excellent, 254 - - Midnight, one hour's rest before, worth two after, 74 - - Mock Turtle recommended, 206 - Birch's ditto, 206 - Kay's ditto, 206 - - Mountain Wine, 154 - - Mulled Wine, to make extempore, 248 - - - Nap of 40 winks, 69 - - Noisy Neighbours, hints to, 76 to 82 - Actionable Nuisances, 80 - - Nervous Disorders, 83 - Dr. Whytt's Obs. on, 181 - people should keep a register of their Health, 197 - - Nightmare, chief cause of, 87 - Obs. on, 189 and following pages. - the Editor's case of, 190 - remedies for, 192, 193 - Dr. Whytt's case of, 194 - Mr. Waller's Essay on, 195 - - Northumberland Household Book, 185 - - - Oysters, 30 - not so nutritive as supposed, 30, 171 - - Opium, Obs. on, 88 - Lozenges, 233 - - Orange Peel, for nervous people, 243 - - - Palpitation of the Heart, the cause and cure of, 173 - Do. oftener arises from Indigestion, than from Organic Disease, - 173 - - Pocket Pistol, how to charge a, 182 - - Parkins, Sir Thomas, preferred Beef-Eaters to Sheep-Biters, 91 - - Parliament, hints to Members of, 179 - - Portable Soup, 249 - - Party-Walls, their thinness, 76 - - Peppermint Lozenges, 99, 173, 233 - - Peptic Precepts, 156 - - Prawns, 30 - - Perspiration, the panacea for Corpulence, 125 - - Pulse, an uncertain Index, 16 - Scale of its pace at various ages, 45 - when languid, 73 - - Peck, Mr., his Geographie de la Gourmandise, 185 - - Piano-Fortes, 80 - - Position, the influence of, in alleviating Disease, 97 - - Port, the contents of a Pipe of, 130 - Obs. on, 137 - how to purchase, 140 - - Purgatives, bad effects of violent, 157 - Ditto, 240 - Ditto, 241 - - Peristaltic Persuaders, 215, 219 - how to make, 235 - when to take, 227, 236 - for Children, 237 - - Pills, the advantages of, 216 - - - Ragout, a restorative, when advisable, 204 - - Regimen, Dr. Heberden's Obs. on, 198 - Dr. Armstrong's Do., 213 - Celsus' Do., 215 - Dr. Arbuthnot's Do., 215 - importance in chronic Complaints, 202 - - Restorative, Extempore, 206 - - Ratcliffe, Dr., quoted, 172 - - Riding, useful to reduce Corpulence, 52 - - Robinson, Dr. Bryan, extract from his Essay on Food and Discharges, - 56 - his own regimen, 58 - - Rhubarb, tincture of, to make, 217 - - Rhubarb Pill, recommended by Dr. Pemberton, 220 - - Rheumatism, remedy for, 265 - - Ruptures, 112 - - Relaxed Bowels, 228 - Locke on, 228 - Cheyne on, 229 - - - Salad Oil, remedy for Constipation, 225 - - Salt, the best Sauce, 210 - - Sanctorius, the proportion of his Meat to his Drink, 57 - - Sauces recommended by Dr. Moffet, 208 - - Siesta, the, 68 - recommended, 94 - Do. by Sanctorius, 101 - Do. Cruickshank, 101 - Do. Dr. Darwin, 102 - Do. Dr. Harwood, 102 - Do. Dr. Adair, 102 - Do. Mr. Abernethy, 102 - Do. Eng. Proverb, 103 - Do. Waller, 103 - Do. Lord Bacon, 103 - - Semi-Siesta, 23, 101 - - Senna, tincture of, 217 - - Second Courses, Obs. on, 167 - - Scribblefast, Counsellor, his case, 78 - - Shell Fish, 30 - - Scudamore, Dr., quoted, 177 - - Sleep, 12 to 65 - Struve, Dr., Obs. on the importance of, 71 - time required to, 73 - Dr. Cheyne's remark on, note to, 87 - Exercise, the best source of it, 88 - other means of inviting it, 88 - - Senses, few people have one perfect, 257 - Mr. Stewart's division of, into noxious and innocent, 257 - - Supper, 24 - the best for those who dine late, 24 - Do. for those who dine early, 24 - Obs. on its influence on Sleep, 87 - Obs. on a solid one, 88 - - Supper, best for the Dyspeptic, 90 - in the Morning, 186 - - Singers, hints respecting their Health, 96 - - Stark, his experiments on Diet, 29 - Obs. on the Saliva, 261 - - Sparring, the exercise of recommended, 52 - weight reduced during an hour, 55 - - Salads, 167 - - Soup, how to season, 163 - Mock Turtle, 206 - of Rattle Snakes, 214 - Portable, to make, 249 - - Sun-shine preferred by Dr. Franklin to Candle-light, 75 - - Stock Fish, recommended by Dr. Mandeville, 207 - - Skin, the, 125 - - Sherry, the contents of a Butt of, 130 - analysed for the Editor, 138 - Obs. on, 154 - - Scotch and Irish Whiskey, 149 - - Soda Water, various ways of making, 245 - Obs. on, 167 - - Stomach Warmers, where to be had, 158 - how much it will hold, note under, 158 - must occasionally have a Holiday, 163 - centre of Sympathy, 165 - Wind in the, 173 - put out of temper by fasting too long, 182 - Dr. Hunter says, tells the Head what it wants, 200 - Dr. Smith Do., 201 - Dr. Adair Do., 201 - let it have what it asks for, 203 - Dr. Whytt's Obs. on how much its disposition, &c. varies, 204 - of Invalids require screwing up, 208 - Cheyne's Obs. on the importance of a clean one, 216 - - Stomachic Tinctures, 244 - - Spice and Wine, 207 - - Spasms in Stomach, how to manage, 173, 189 - - Smith, Mr., his 60 sorts of Lozenges, 234 - - Stewart, John, the traveller, his Obs. on Clothes, 106 - Do. on the Senses, 257 - - Spallanzani quoted, 258 - - Sweet Wines, 154 - - - Tar Water, 242 - - Temperature, to preserve that of a room regular, 115 - best for sitting rooms, 116 - the influence of in alleviating Disease, 94 - the mean of England, 108 - Observations, &c., 113 - - Thermometers, where to be placed, 105 - - Tent Wine, 154 - - Training, Captain Barclay's Obs. on, 3 - Do. quoted, 7 - principal rules for, 7 - rules, 9 - Diet ordered, 10 - time required to screw a Man up to his fullest strength, 14 - Criterions of Good Condition, 15 - first preparation for, 18 - on the mode of Cookery, &c. most invigorating, 25 - Food must be taken warm, 26 - Do., and thoroughly done, 27 - John Hunter's Obs. on Do., 27 - Spallanzani, experiment to prove it, 27 - diet in wasting a Jockey, 29 - - Teeth, to take care of, 260 - the value of, 261 - Food for those whose Teeth are defective, 263 - Preservers, 264 - Ache, remedy for, 265 - - Tic Douloureux, 264 - - Tewahdiddle, 89 - - Tongue of Pityllus, 210 - - Time, the Economy of, 69 - - Tonic Medicines, 182, 219 - Tincture, 242 - - Toast and Water, to make, 230 - - Tablettes de Bouillon, how to make, 251 - - Thriving, the art of, quoted, 255 - - - Valetudinarians, maxim for, from Comus, 72 - - Vegetables, undressed, 171 - - Voice, when the falsetto begins to fail, 47 - what the power of depends upon, 99 - - Ventriloquism, 173, 200 - - Vinum Britannicum, 144 - - - Wadd on Corpulency, 29 - - Waistbands, 111 - - Walking, how it reduces weight, 62 - - Water-Cresses, 171 - - Water-drinking, the advantages of, 147 - - Weather, wet, 108 - - Wesley, Mr. Chas., his extraordinary Ear, 47 - - Windows, Double, 91 - Curtains, 91 - - Wine, 127 - ounces in a Quart of, 128 - how to measure the contents of a bottle of, 128, 129 - Port, how old it ought to be, 132 - the art of preserving, 133 - White, why preferable to Red, 133, 153 - when to bottle, 133 - New, objection to, 135 - Do. to make old, 136 - Cornaro, Obs. on old, 136 - proportion of Alcohol in, 138 - Do. to Brandy, 138 - Do. in Gin, 139 - recommended by St. Paul, 143 - Iceing Wine, 143 - no man must drink it habitually before 30, 147 - Do. Dr. Trotter's Obs. on, 147 - silly rule of some people about drinking, 148 - the relative wholesomeness of, 151 - only three sorts of Wine, note under, 151 - three sorts of drinkers, 141 - Sweet Wines, Tent, &c., how made, 154 - Vinum Britannicum, 144 - Writers on, a list of, 154 - - Whiskey, 149 - - Wind in the Stomach, 173 - - Whytt, Dr., quoted, 181 - his case of night-mare, 194 - - Wholesomes, the, 207 - - Worms, remedies for, 240 - - - Young, his Obs. on Sleep, 65 - - -THE END. - -J. MOYES, GREVILLE STREET, LONDON. - - - - -FOOTNOTES: - - -[1] The advantages of the training system are not confined to -pedestrians and pugilists alone--they extend to every man; and were -training generally introduced instead of medicines, as an expedient for -the prevention and cure of diseases, its beneficial consequences would -promote his happiness and prolong his life. "Our Health, Vigour, and -Activity, must depend upon regimen and exercise; or, in other words, -upon the observance of those rules which constitute the theory of the -training process."--CAPT. BARCLAY _on Training_, p. 239. - -"It has been made a question, whether Training produces a _lasting_, or -only a _temporary_ effect on the constitution? It is undeniable, that if -a man be brought to a better condition; if corpulency, and the -impurities of his body disappear; and if his wind and strength be -improved by any process whatever, his good state of health will -continue, until some derangement of his frame shall take place from -accidental or natural causes. If he shall relapse into intemperance, or -neglect the means of preserving his health, either by omitting to take -the necessary exercise, or by indulging in debilitating propensities, he -must expect such encroachments to be made on his constitution, as must -soon unhinge his system. But if he shall observe a different plan--the -beneficial effects of the training process will remain until the gradual -decay of his natural functions shall, in mature old age, intimate the -approach of his dissolution."--CAPT. BARCLAY _on Training_, p. 240. - -[2] See the 338th aphorism in COULTON'S _Lacon_. 1820. 5th Edition. - -[3] "Besides his usual or regular Exercise, a person under training -ought to employ himself, in the intervals, in every kind of exertion -which tends to activity, such as cricket, bowls, throwing quoits, &c. -that during the whole day, both body and mind may be constantly -occupied."--CAPT. BARCLAY _on Training_, p. 231. - -"The nature of the disposition of the person trained should also be -known, that every cause of irritation may be avoided; for, as it -requires great patience and perseverance to undergo training, every -expedient to soothe and encourage the mind should be adopted."--CAPT. -BARCLAY _on Training_, p. 237. - -[4] Forty years ago, Balls, &c. used to begin in the Evening, _i. e._ at -seven, and end at Night, _i. e._ twelve; now it is _extremely ungenteel_ -to begin before Midnight, or finish till the Morning. - -[5] "The Studious, the Contemplative, the Valetudinary, and those of -weak nerves--if they aim at Health and Long Life, must make Exercise in -a good air, a part of their Religion."--CHEYNE _on Long Life_, p. 98. - -"Whenever circumstances would permit, I have recommended patients to -take as much exercise as they could, short of producing fatigue; to live -much in the open air; and, if possible, not to suffer their minds to be -agitated by anxiety or fatigued by exertion."--p. 90. - -"I do not allow the state of the weather to be urged as an objection to -the prosecution of measures so essential to Health, since it is in the -power of every one to protect themselves from cold by clothing, and the -exercise may be taken in a chamber with the windows thrown open, by -actively walking backwards and forwards, as sailors do on -ship-board."--p. 93. See ABERNETHY'S _Surgical Observations_. 1817. - -[6] One of the invariable consequences of training is to increase the -solidity, and diminish the frequency of the alvine exoneration, and -persons become costive as they improve in condition:--if this -disposition takes place to an inconvenient degree,--see _Peptic -Precepts_, _Index_. - -[7] "Animal Food being composed of the most nutritious parts of the food -on which the animal lived, and having been already digested by the -proper organs of an animal--requires only solution and mixture--whereas -vegetable food must be converted into a substance of an animal nature by -the proper action of our own viscera, and consequently requires more -labour of the stomach, and other digestive organs."--BURTON _on the -Non-Naturals_, p. 213. - -[8] The following was the Food taken by Capt. Barclay in his most -extraordinary walk of 1000 miles in 1000 successive hours, June 1, 1809. -"He _Breakfasted_ after returning from his walk, at five in the morning. -He ate a roasted Fowl, and drank a pint of strong Ale, and then took two -cups of Tea with Bread and Butter. - -"He _Lunched_ at twelve; the one day on Beef Steaks, and the other on -Mutton Chops, of which he ate a considerable quantity. - -"He _Dined_ at six, either on Roast Beef, or Mutton Chops. His drink was -Porter, and two or three glasses of wine. - -"He _Supped_ at eleven, on a cold fowl. He ate such vegetables as were -in season; and the quantity of Animal food he took daily, was from five -to six pounds."--See _Pedestrianism_, p. 6. - -"_His style of Walking is_ to bend forward the body, and to throw its -weight on the knees. His step is short, and his feet are raised only a -few inches from the ground. Any person who will try this plan, will find -that his pace will be quickened, at the same time he will walk with more -ease to himself, and be better able to endure the fatigue of a long -journey, than by walking in a posture perfectly erect, which throws too -much of the weight of the body on the ankle-joints. He always uses -thick-soled shoes, and lamb's wool stockings. It is a good rule to shift -the stockings frequently during the performance of a long distance; but -it is indispensably requisite to have shoes with thick soles, and so -large, that all unnecessary pressure on the feet may be avoided."--p. -208. - -[9] "According to the force of the Chylopoetic Organs, a larger or less -quantity of Chyle may be abstracted from the same quantity of -Food."--ARBUTHNOT _on Aliment_, p. 24. - -[10] "Nothing comes to perfection under a stated period of growth; and -till it attains this, it will, of course, afford inferior nutriment. -Beef and Mutton are much easier of digestion, and more nutritious, than -Veal or Lamb. If the flesh of Mutton and Lamb, Beef and Veal, are -compared, they will be found of a different texture, the two young meats -of a more stringy indivisible nature than the others, which makes them -harder of digestion."--_Domestic Management_, 12mo. 1813. p. 151. - -[11] "_A 40 Winks Nap_," in an Horizontal posture, is the most reviving -preparative for any great exertion of either the Mind or the Body;--to -which it is as proper an _Overture_ as it is a _Finale_.--See _Siesta_, -Index. - -[12] "Few persons, even in the best health, can, without disgust, bear -to be confined to a peculiar food, or way of living, for any length of -time, (which is a strong argument that variety of food is natural to -mankind); and if so,--the debilitated stomachs of Valetudinarians cannot -be expected to be less fastidious."--FALCONER _on Diet_, p. 8. - -[13] "It appears from my experiments, that _boiled_, and _roasted_, and -even _putrid_ meat, is easier of digestion than _raw_."--See J. HUNTER -_on the Animal Economy_, p. 220. - -[14] "Newmarket affords abundant proofs, how much may be done by -training; Jockies sometimes reduce themselves a Stone and a half in a -week."--WADD _on Corpulency_, 8vo. 1816.--p. 35. - -[15] "A Dog was fed on the _Richest Broth_, yet could not be kept alive; -while another, which had only the _Meat boiled to a Chip_, (and water), -throve very well. This shows the folly of attempting to nourish Men by -concentrated Soups, Jellies, &c."--SINCLAIR'S _Code of Health_. - -If this experiment be accurate--what becomes of the theoretic visions of -those who have written about Strengthening Jellies, Nourishing Broths, -&c.? - -[16] "The excesses of our Youth, are drafts upon our old Age, payable -with interest, about twenty years after date."--COLTON'S _Lacon_. 5th -Edition, 1820. p. 51. - -[17] - The Teeth are renewed at the 7th year. - Puberty arrives at twice seven 14. - Full stature at three times seven 21. - The vigour of growth at four times seven 28. - The greatest vigour of Body and Mind at five times seven 35. - The commencement of decay at six times seven 42. - General Decay, and decrease of energy, at seven times seven 49. - Old Age at eight times seven 56. - And the grand climacteric of the Ancients at nine times seven 63. - -Dr. JAMESON _on the Changes of the Human Body_, p. 31. - -[18] "Cornaro found that as the powers of his stomach declined with the -powers of Life in general, that it was necessary that he should diminish -the quantity of his food; and by so doing, he retained to the last the -feelings of Health."--ABERNETHY'S _Surg. Obs._ p. 71. - -[19] And for Culinary Operators from 25 to 40. Before the former, they -can hardly accumulate sufficient experience; and after the latter, they -every day lose a portion of their "_bon gout_" and activity. - -[20] See his sensible Essay on the Changes of the Human Body at -different Ages. 8vo. 1811.--p. 89. - -[21] - "The Pulse in the new-born Infant, while - placidly sleeping, is about 140 in a minute. - Towards the end of the first Year 124 - Towards the end of the second Year 110 - Towards the end of the third and fourth Years 96 - When the first Teeth drop out 86 - At Puberty 80 - At Manhood 75 - At Sixty, about 60" - - BLUMENBACH'S _Physiology_, p. 40. - -The expectations of Life are thus calculated by De Moivre--Subtract the -age of the person from 86, half the remainder will be the expectation of -that Life. - -[22] See the history of a case of Spectacles, &c. in page 61 of Dr. -KITCHINER'S _Practical Observations on Telescopes, Opera Glasses, -&c._--Third Edition. - -[23] "In proportion as the powers of the Stomach are weak, so ought we -to diminish the quantity of our food, and take care that it be as -nutritive, and as easy of digestion as possible."--ABERNETHY'S _Surgical -Observations_, p. 67. - -[24] "Nothing is a greater Enemy to feeble life, than laying aside old -habits--or leaving a climate, or place, to which one has been long -accustomed: the irritation occasioned by such changes is highly -prejudicial. - -"Even pernicious habits, insalubrious air, &c. must be abandoned with -great caution--or we shall thereby hasten the end of our -Patient."--STRUVE'S _Asthenology_, p. 398. - -[25] "Those who have lived longest, have been persons without either -Avarice or Ambition, enjoying that tranquillity of Soul, which is the -source of the happiness and health of our early days--and strangers to -those torments of mind which usually accompany more advanced years, and -by which the Body is wasted and consumed."--_Code of Health_, vol. i. p. -60-63, &c. - -"In the return made by Dr. ROBERTSON, (and published by Sir JOHN -SINCLAIR, in the 164th page of the second volume of the Appendix to his -Code of Health,) from Greenwich Hospital, of 2410 In-Pensioners, -ninety-six--_i. e._ about one-twenty-fifth are beyond eighty--thirteen -beyond ninety--and one beyond one hundred. They almost all used -_Tobacco_--and most of them acknowledged the habit of _Drinking_ freely. -Some of them had _no teeth_ for twenty years--and fourteen only had good -ones--one who was one hundred and thirteen years old, had lost all his -Teeth upwards of thirty years. - -"The organ of _Vision_ was impaired in about one-half--that of _Hearing_ -in only one-fifth: this may be accounted for--the _Eye_ is a more -delicate organ than the _Ear_--and the least deterioration of its action -is more immediately observed.--Of the _ninety-six_ they almost all had -been married, and _four_ of them after eighty years of age--only nine -were Batchelors--this is a strong argument in favour of Matrimony. - -"_The Best Ages for Marriage_, all other circumstances being favourable, -are between the eighteenth and twenty-fifth year for Females, and -between the twenty-fifth and thirty-sixth for Males. The body is then in -the most complete state to propagate a healthy Offspring--the Ages when -the prolific powers begin to cease in both sexes will nearly -correspond--and the probable expectation of Life will be sufficiently -long, for parents to provide for their children."--JAMESON _on the Human -Body_, p. 336. - -[26] "Regular and sufficient Sleep, serves on the one hand, for -repairing the lost powers, and on the other, for lessening consumption, -by lessening vital activity. Hence the lives of people who are exposed -to the most debilitating fatigue, are prolonged to a considerable age, -when they enjoy Sleep in its fullest extent."--STRUVE'S _Asthenology_, -8vo. 1801, p. 199. - -[27] "It is a perfect barbarism to awake any one, when Sleep, that "balm -of hurt minds," is exerting its benign influence, and the worn body is -receiving its most cheering restorative."--_Hints for the Preservation -of Health_, 12mo. - -[28] In high Health seven or eight hours will complete this refreshment, -and hence arises the false inference drawn from an observation probably -just, that long-lived persons are always early risers: not that early -rising makes them long-lived, but that people in the highest vigour of -Health are naturally early risers--- because they sleep more soundly, -and all that repose can do for them, is done in less time, than with -those who sleep less soundly. A disposition to lie in Bed beyond the -usual hour, generally arises from some derangement of the Digestive -Organs.--_Hints for the Preservation of Health_, p. 32. - -[29] The best Fire-feeder is a pair of Steak Tongs. - -[30] The method taken to tame unruly Colts, &c. is to walk them about -the whole of the night previous to attempting to break them:--want of -Sleep speedily subdues the spirit of the wildest, and the strength of -the strongest creatures, and renders savage animals tame and tractable. - -[31] In Vienna, Berlin, Paris, and London, the twentieth or twenty-third -person dies annually; while, in the Country around them, the proportion -is only one in thirty or forty; in remote country villages, from one in -forty to one in fifty--the smallest degree of human mortality on record -is one in sixty. - -[32] - "When warm with Hope, in Life's aspiring morn, - The Tints of Fancy every scene adorn, - The glowing landscape charms the poet's view, - And Youth believes the fairy prospect true. - But soon, Experience proves his Eye betray'd, - And all the picture darkens into shade." - - FITZGERALD. - - _Beautifully Set to Music by_ SHIELD, - _and printed in his Cento._ - -[33] "Above all,--it is of essential importance to Health, to preserve -the tranquillity of the mind,--and not to sink under the disappointments -of life, to which all, but particularly the old, are frequently -exposed.--Nothing ought to disturb the mind of an individual who is -conscious of having done all the good in his power."--SINCLAIR'S _Code -of Health_, p. 459. - -"Nothing hurts more the nervous System, and particularly the concoctive -powers, than fear, grief, or anxiety."--WHYTT on _Nerves_, p. 349. - -"I shall add to my list, as _the eighth deadly sin_, that of ANXIETY OF -MIND; and resolve not to be pining and miserable, when I ought to be -grateful and happy."--Sir THOMAS BARNARD, Bt. _on the Comforts of Old -Age_, p. 135. - -"Anguish of mind has driven thousands to suicide; anguish of body, none. - -"This proves that the health of the Mind, is of far more consequence to -our happiness than the health of the Body;--both are deserving of much -more attention than either of them receive."--COULTON'S _Lacon_. 1820, -p. 240. - -[34] "Sleep is _sound_--_sweet_--and _refreshing_, according as the -alimentary organs are _easy_, _quiet_, and _clean_."--CHEYNE _on Long -Life_, p. 79. - -[35] "The _Grog_ on board a ship is generally one Spirit and three -waters--this is too strong."--See the Hon. JOHN COCHRANE'S _Seaman's -Guide_, 8vo. 1797, p. 37. - -[36] If they are not extremely well made, by a superior workman--and of -seasoned Wood,--they are of little or no use. - -[37] "_Cold_ Drink is an enemy to Concoction, and the parent of -Crudities."--_Essay on Warm Beer_, 8vo. p. 15. - -[38] To make BEEF TEA.--Cut a pound of lean gravy Meat into thin -slices,--put it into a quart and half a pint of cold water, set it over -a gentle fire where it will become gradually warm--when the scum rises -catch it, cover the saucepan close, and let it continue boiling for -about two hours,--skim the fat off, strain it through a sieve or napkin, -skim it again--let it stand ten minutes to settle, and then pour off the -clear Tea. - -To make half a pint of _Beef Tea_ in five minutes for three halfpence, -see (No. 252),--and to make good _Mutton Broth_ for nothing, (No. 490), -of _the third Edition_ of the "COOK'S ORACLE." - -N.B. An Onion, and a few grains of Black Pepper, are sometimes added. If -the meat is boiled till it is thoroughly tender, mince it, and pound it -as directed in (No. 503) OF THE COOK'S ORACLE, and you may have a dish -of _Potted Beef_ for the trouble of making it. - -[39] Brandy and _Liqueur_ Merchant, No. 2, Colonnade, Pall Mall. - -[40] Thermometers intended to give the temperature of Rooms, should be -so placed as to be equally removed from the radiant heat of the -Fire--and from currents of Air from the Door. - -Out of Doors they should be in a northern situation, sheltered from -Sunshine, or reflected Heat, &c. - -[41] The following _Observations_ on Clothing, are copied from the life -of John Stewart, the Traveller, printed for Egerton, 1813, p. 9.--"I -clothed myself at all times very warm, and by buttoning and unbuttoning -I could accommodate to the sudden change of climate and season, and -preserved thereby that equilibre of the secretions and excrements on -which Health and Life depends; for clothing forms a factitious heat, as -a substitute to the muscular heat, declining with age or sickness; on -which action of heat vitality and all the other functions of vital -organism depend." - -[42] THE BEST SLIPPERS are a pair of old shoes--_the worst_, those of -plaited cloth--which make the feet tender--and are a hotter covering for -them in the House--than you give them when you go out. - -[43] "Only Fools and Beggars suffer from Cold, the latter not being able -to procure sufficient clothes, the former not having the sense to wear -them."--BOERHAAVE. - -[44] "Narrow sleeves are a very great check on the muscular exercise of -the Arms--the Waistcoat, in its present fashionable form, may be very -properly termed a strait one. The Waistcoat should be long enough to -cover the breeches two or three inches all round. The wrists and knees, -but more particularly the latter, are braced with ligatures, or tight -buttoning; and the Legs, which require the utmost freedom of motion, are -secured into leathern cases or Boots--though the wearer perhaps is never -mounted on Horseback. - -"To complete the whole, as the _Head_ is confined by a tight Hat, but -rarely suited to its natural shape, so in regard to shoes the shape of -the foot and the easy expansion of the Toes are never consulted--but the -shape regulated by the fashion of the Day, however tight and -uncomfortable."--SINCLAIR'S _Code of Health_, 4th Edit. p. 357. - -[45] "Those who do not take a sufficient quantity of EXERCISE--soon -suffer from a number of Disorders,--want of Appetite--want of -Sleep--flatulence, &c. &c. Obstruction--relaxation of the Bowels--and -all the diversified symptoms of Nervous Complaints. Men of Letters -suffer much, and from neglecting to take Exercise, are often the most -unhealthy of human beings--even that Temperance by which many of them -are distinguished, is no effectual remedy against the mischiefs of a -sedentary life, which can only be counteracted by a proper quantity of -Exercise and Air." - -[46] "Stays and stiff Jackets are most pernicious; they disfigure the -beautiful and upright shape of a Woman, and injure the Breast and -Bowels; obstruct the breathing and digestion; hurt the breast and -nipples so much that many Mothers have been prevented by their use from -suckling their Children; many hence get Cancers, and at last lose both -Health and Life--for they render the delivery of Women very difficult -and dangerous both to Mother and Child."--_From_ DR. FAUST'S _Catechism -of Health_, 12mo. p. 39. Edinburgh, 1797. - -[47] "Stagnant air becomes corrupted in the same manner as stagnant -water,--opening windows and making currents of air, are the best means -of purifying it."--STRUVE'S _Asthenology_, p. 348. - -[48] "The natural heat of the Human Body is 98 of Fahrenheit's -Thermometer--any temperature applied to it lower than 98, gives a -sensation of Cold, but if the temperature applied is not below 62, the -sensation of cold will not continue long, but be soon changed to a -sensation of heat, and in this climate, Air, &c. applied to the living -man, does not diminish the temperature of his Body, unless the -temperature of it be below 62; if it is above that, it increases -it."--CULLEN'S _First Lines_, vol. i. p. 130. - -[49] "The Cordials, Volatiles, Bracers, Strengtheners, &c. given by -common practitioners, may keep up an increased circulation for a few -hours, but their action soon subsides. - -_"The Circulation of the Blood can only be properly carried on through -the medium of Exercise or labour._--See page 38. - -"Art cannot come up to Nature in this most salutary of all her -operations. That sprightly Vigour, and alacrity of Health, which we -enjoy in an active course of Life--that Zest in appetite, and -refreshment after eating, which sated Luxury seeks in vain from art, is -owing wholly to new blood made every day from fresh food, prepared and -distributed by the joint action of all the parts of the Body."--CADOGAN -_on Gout_, p. 34. - -[50] "There is no rule more essential to those who are advanced in Life, -than never to give way to a remission of Exercise. By degrees the demand -for exercise may shrink, in extreme old age, to little more than a bare -quit-rent; but that quit-rent must be paid, since life is held by the -tenure. - -"Whoever examines the accounts handed down to us of the Longest Livers, -will generally find, that to the very last they used some exercise, as -walking a certain distance every day, &c. This is mentioned as something -surprising in them, considering their great age; whereas the truth is, -that their living to such an age, without some such exercise, would have -been the wonder. Exercise keeps off obstructions, which are the -principal sources of diseases, and ultimately of death. Motion then is -the tenure of life; and old people who humour or indulge an inclination -to sloth and inactivity, (which is too apt to grow upon them on the -least encouragement), act as unwisely as the poor traveller, who, -bewildered in trackless snow, and surprised by a chilling frost, instead -of resisting the temptation to sleep, suffers it to steal upon him, -though he knows, that, by its fatal blandishments, he can never expect -to wake again, but must inevitably perish."--_Institutes of Health_, p. -24. - -[51] "The most ignorant person knows, that proper care of the skin is -indispensably necessary for the well-being of horses, &c. - -"The Groom often denies himself rest, that he may dress and curry his -horses sufficiently; it is, therefore, wonderful, that the enlightened -people of these days should neglect the care of their own skin so much, -that I think I may, without exaggeration, assert, that _among the -greater part of men,--the Pores of the Skin are half closed and unfit -for use_."--From p. 235 of HUFFELAND'S _Art of Prolonging Life_,--which -persons of all ages may peruse with much advantage. - -[52] A _thick Crust_ is not always the consequence of the Wine having -been very long time in the Bottle--but is rather a sign that it was too -little time in the Cask, or has been kept in a very cold cellar. - -[53] "Had the man that first filled the _Heidelburgh Tun_, been placed -as sentinel to see that no other Wine was put into it, I believe that he -would have found it much better at 25 or 30 years old, than at 100 or -150, had he lived so long--retained his senses, and been permitted now -and then to taste it--a privilege with which the natives are seldom -indulged. - -"To give a great price for Wine, and keep it till it begins to perish, -is a great pity." I cannot believe that very aged Wine, when bordering -on Acid, is wholesome, though some Wine-drinkers seem to prefer it in -that state. "Respecting _Port Wine_, there is a great fuss made by some -about its _age_, and the _crust_ on the bottle; as if the age and crust -on the bottle constituted the quality of the Wine." "Such _crusty_ -gentlemen shall not select Wine for me."--YOUNG'S _Epicure_, 8vo. 1815, -p. 23, 28, &c. - -[54] "Wines bottled in good order, may be fit to drink in six months, -(especially if bottled in October), but they are not in perfection -before twelve. From that to two years they may continue so; but it would -be improper to keep them longer."--_Edinburgh Encyclop. Britan._ vol. -xviii. p. 72, Article _Wine_. - -[55] "Cork the bottles very closely with good Cork, and lay them on -their sides, that the Cork may not dry and facilitate the access of the -air. For the greater safety, the Cork may be covered with a coating of -cerement applied by means of a Brush, or the neck of the bottle may be -immersed in a mixture of melted wax, rosin, or pitch."--ACCUM _on making -Wine_, 1820, p. 40. - -[56] A PUNCHEON OF BRANDY containing 130 Gallons, after remaining in -Cask in a Merchant's Cellar for three years, lost two Gallons in -measure, and ten Gallons in strength. The stronger the Spirit, the -sooner it evaporates. - -The London Dock Company are not answerable for any decrease of quantity -in a PIPE OF WINE left under their care, provided it does not exceed one -Gallon for each year--which it is supposed to waste in that time. - -[57] CORNARO complains that _old_ Wine was very disagreeable to his -Stomach, and _new_ wine very grateful; his dose was fourteen ounces, -(_i. e._ seven wine-glasses) per day. - -[58] "Fermented liquors furnish very different proportions of -Alcohol--and it has been sometimes supposed that it does not pre-exist -to the amount in which it is obtained by distillation; but some -experiments I made upon the subject in 1811 and 1813, and which are -printed in the _Phil. Trans._ for three years, tend to show that it is a -real educt, and not formed by the action of heat upon the elements -existing in the fermented liquor. The following table exhibits the -proportion of Alcohol by measure, existing in one hundred pints of -Wine."--BRANDE'S _Manual of Chemistry_, 8vo. 1819, p. 400. - - Hock 14 - Claret 15 - Sherry 19 - Port 20 - Madeira 24 per cent Alcohol. - -[59] "It would save many lives if Gin, &c. was not allowed to be sold -until reduced to one third the strength of Proof Spirit. People do not -at first drink from any liking or desire, but being cold, or faint with -hunger or fatigue, they find immediate comfort and refreshment from the -use of Spirits--and as they can purchase a dram with less money than -they can cover their back, or fill their belly, so they gratify the -strongest and least expensive appetite--and insensibly become -drunkards." - -"Ardent Spirits are not only eminently destructive to the Body, but are -the most powerful incentives to Vice of every kind; Drunkenness -engenders all other Crimes. Does the Robber pause in his Trade? Does the -Murderer hesitate?--they are presently wound up at the Gin shop. Has the -Seducer tried his arts in vain? The Brothel is more indebted to this -source, than to all the other lures to Seduction."--From _Hints for the -Preservation of Health_.--CALLOW, 1813, 12mo. p. 2. - -"There are _Three sorts of Drinkers_: one drinks to satisfy Nature, and -to support his Body, and requires it as necessary to his Being. - -"Another drinks a _degree_ beyond this, and takes a larger dose to -exhilarate and cheer his mind, and help him to sleep--these two are -lawful drinkers. - -"A third drinks neither for the good of the Body or the Mind, but to -stupify and drown both."--MAYNWARINGE _on Health, &c._ 12mo. 1683, p. -123. - -[60] JOHNSON'S WITTE CURACOA takes precedence of all the _Liqueurs_ we -have ever tasted. - -[61] "The _Blood_ of the _Grape_ appeareth to be Blood, in it is Life, -it is from the _Vine_, and that the Plant of life; and that the -difference between this Plant, and the Tree of Life in Paradise, were -but _magis_ and _minus_, is not so improbable as to be rejected by any, -for they will be both granted Plants of Life, and they very much respond -in their nature as well as Appellation. What the fruit was that sprang -from that in Paradise, is not as yet known, or not so perfectly -understood as that of the Vine, the nature of which is so lively as that -_Galen_ will affirm it to augment radical heat, which is the way to live -for ever."--See Dr. WHITAKER _on the Blood of the Grape_, 16mo. 1654, p. -3 and 31. - -[62] In our PEPTIC PRECEPTS, we have pointed out the most convenient -ways of counteracting the dilapidating effects of excessive vinous -irrigation, which is doubly debilitating,--when you suffer the -fascinations of the festive Bowl to seduce You to sacrifice to Bacchus, -those hours which are due to the drowsy God of Night. - -[63] "More or less _Alcohol_ is necessary to support the usual vigour of -the greater number of people even in Health--nothing therefore can be -more injudicious than wholly to deprive them of this support when they -are weakened by disease--Dyspeptics who have been accustomed to its use, -cannot be deprived of it--a very moderate use of Wine can hardly be said -to be injurious: we see those who use it in this way, live as long, and -enjoy as good health, as those who wholly abstain from it."--Dr. PHILIP, -_on Indigestion_, 8vo. 1821, pp. 139 and 144. - -[64] "No man in health can need Wine till he arrives at 40: he may then -begin with two glasses in the day: at 50 he may add two more."--See -TROTTER _on Drunkenness_, 1804, p. 151. - -[65] _Scotch or Irish_ WHISKEY is an infinitely purer spirit than -_English_ GIN--which is an uncertain compound of various Essential Oils, -&c. - -[66] Brandy and _Liqueur_ Merchant, No. 2, Colonnade, Pall Mall. - -[67] TO MAKE A QUART OF CURACOA.--To a pint of the cleanest and -strongest _Rectified Spirit_, (sold by Rickards, Piccadilly,) add two -drachms and a half of the _Sweet Oil of Orange Peel_, (sold by Stewart, -No. 11, Old Broad Street, near the Bank,) shake it up,--dissolve a pound -of good Lump Sugar in a pint of cold water, make this into a Clarified -Syrup, (No. 475), which add to the Spirit, shake it up, and let it stand -till the following day--then line a funnel with a piece of muslin, and -that with filtering paper, and filter it two or three times till it is -quite bright;--or dissolve a drachm and a half of Carbonate of Potash in -about a quarter pint of the Liqueur by rubbing it together in a -mortar--adding it to the Liqueur, and shaking it well up--then -incorporate a like quantity of pounded Alum in another quarter pint of -the Liqueur--and return it to the Liqueur, shake it well up--and in a -little time it will become fine. This Liqueur is an admirable -cordial--and a tea-spoonful in a Tumbler of water, is a very refreshing -Summer drink, and a great improvement to PUNCH. - -_Obs._ We do not offer this Receipt as a Rival to Mr. Johnson's -Curacoa--it is only proposed as an humble substitute for that -incomparable Liqueur. - -[68] "Il y a pour le Gourmet plus de soixante sortes de vins;--il n'y en -a que trois pour le Chimiste;--savoir, les vins mousseux, les vins -faits, les vins sucres. Le sucre existe tout forme par la nature dans -les raisins murs de tous les pays; sa proportion fait la principale -difference des vins; c'est le sucre seul qui etablit la fermentation -vineuse: si l'on enferme le vin avant qu'elle soit terminee, le gaz, qui -etait sur le point de s'echapper, reste dans la liqueur, et le vin est -mousseux. _Ce gaz est de l'acide carbonique_, le meme air qui fait -mousser le cidre, la biere, l'hydromel, et les eaux minerales de Seltz, -de Chateldon. Il est dangereux a respirer en quantite, puisqu'il -asphyxie les animaux; mais il est tres-salubre a boire ainsi combine. -Si, au contraire, la fermentation est terminee, le sucre s'est change -dans le vin, en _eau de vie_, qui tient en dissolution le tartre, le -principe colorant, et le principe extractif du raisin. Voila, ce qui -constitue les vins faits; ils ne moussent plus, et ils sont plus ou -moins genereux suivant les proportions de leurs principes. - -"Enfin, quand le sucre naturel au raisin est trop abondant pour -fermenter en totalite, une portion reste dans la liqueur sous forme de -Sirop, et constitue les vins sucres d'Espagne, de Constance, etc.--La -difference de saveur depend d'un arome particulier, propre au raisin de -chaque climat."--_Cours Gastronomique_, 8vo. 1809. p. 289. - -[69] "The human Stomach is capable, in the adult, of containing about -three quarts of water."--BLUMENBACH'S _Physiology_, p. 145. - -[70] "By adopting an abstinent plan of diet, even to a degree that -produces a sensation of want in the System, we do that which is most -likely to create appetite and increase the powers of -digestion."--ABERNETHY'S _Surg. Obs._ 68. - -[71] To make BEEF or MUTTON TEA.--Cut a pound of lean gravy-meat into -thin slices--put it into a quart and half a pint of cold water--set it -over a gentle fire where it will become gradually warm--when the skum -rises catch it, cover the Saucepan close, and let it continue boiling -for about two hours--skim the fat off, strain it through a sieve or a -napkin--skim it again--let it stand ten minutes to settle, and then pour -off the clear Tea. To make _half a pint_ of BEEF TEA _in five minutes -for three half-pence_, see No. 252; and to make good _Mutton Broth for -Nothing_, No. 490. - -N.B.--An Onion, and a few grains of Black Pepper, &c. are sometimes -added. If the Meat is boiled till it is thoroughly tender, mince it and -pound it as directed in No. 503 of the COOK'S ORACLE--and you may have a -dish of POTTED BEEF for the trouble of making it. - -[72] "Il y a trois sortes d'appetits; celui que l'on eprouve a jeun; -sensation imperieuse qui ne chicane point sur le mets, et qui vous fait -venir l'eau a la bouche, a l'aspect d'un bon ragout. Je le compare au -desir impetueux d'un jeune homme qui voit sourire la beaute qu'il -aime.--_Le second_ appetit est celui que l'on ressent lorsque, s'etant -mis a table sans faim, on a deja goute d'un plat succulent, et qui a -consacre le proverbe, _l'appetit vient en mangeant_. Je l'assimile a -l'etat d'un mari dont le coeur tiede s'echauffe aux premieres caresses -de sa femme.--_Le troisieme_ appetit est celui qu'excite un mets -delicieux qui parait a la fin d'un repas, lorsque, l'estomac satisfait, -l'homme sobre allait quitter la table sans regret. Celui-la trouve son -embleme dans les feux du libertinage, qui quoique illusoires, font -naitre cependant quelques plaisirs reels. La connaissance de cette -metaphysique de l'appetit doit guider le Cuisinier habile dans la -composition du premier, du second et du troisieme service."--_Cours -Gastronomique_, p. 64. - -[73] "It is but INCREASING or _diminishing_ the velocity of certain -fluids in the animal machine,--to elate the Soul with the gayest -hopes,--or to sink her into the deepest despair; to depress the HERO -into a _Coward_--or advance the _Coward_ into a HERO."--FITZOSBORNE'S -_Letters_, 1. viii. - -[74] - - "SALT, PEPPER, and MUSTARD, ay, VINEGAR too, - Are quite as unwholesome as CURRY I vow, - All lovers of Goose, Duck, or Pig, he'll engage, - That eat it with Onion, Salt, Pepper or Sage, - Will find ill effects from 't," and therefore no doubt - Their prudence should tell them,--best eat it without! - But, alas! these are subjects on which there's no reas'ning, - For you'll still eat your Goose, Duck, or Pig, with its seas'ning; - And what is far worse--notwithstanding his huffing, - You'll make for your Hare and your Veal a good stuffing: - And I fear, if a Leg of good Mutton you boil - With Sauce of vile Capers, that Mutton you'll spoil; - And tho', as you think, to procure good Digestion, - A mouthful of Cheese is the best thing in question: - "In _Gath_ do not tell, nor in _Askalon_ blab it, - You're strictly forbidden to eat a _Welsh Rabbit_." - And _Bread_, "the main staff of our life," some will call - No more nor no less,--than "the worst thing of all."-- - -See THE LADY'S _Address to Willy Cadogan in his Kitchen_, 4to. 1771. - -Some Minute Philosopher has published an 8vo. pamphlet of 56 pages! on -the omnipotent "_virtues of a Crust of Bread eaten early in the morning -fasting!!_" We have no doubt it is an admirable Specific for that -grievous disorder of the Stomach called Hunger. - -[75] Are very crude indigestible materials for a weak Stomach, unless -warmed by (No. 372);--with the assistance of which, and plenty of -Pepper, you may eat even _Cucumber_ with impunity. - -[76] DR. RADCLIFFE, who succeeded better by speaking plainly to his -Patients, than some of his successors have by the most subtle -Politeness,--when asked what _was the best Remedy for Wind in the -Stomach_, replied, "That which will expel it quickest"--inquiring of the -Ventose subject whether the Wind passed _per Ascensum_, _vel per -Descensum_, observing,--that the former is the most aggravated state of -_Ventriloquism_, the latter a sign that the Bowels are recovering their -Healthful Tone. - -[77] "My Stomach digests food so slowly, that I cannot study for five or -six hours after a very sparing dinner."--SPALLANZANI _on Digestion, -&c._, vol. i. p. 280. - -"If the quantity of Food be given, its Quality will cause a difference -in the time of digesting; for instance, slimy and viscid meats are -longer in digesting in the Stomach than meats of a contrary nature; the -flesh of some young animals is not so soon digested as the flesh of the -same animals arrived at their full growth; thus _Veal_ and _Lamb_ are -not so soon digested as _Beef_ and _Mutton_. - -"A man who took a vomit every second night for some months, observed, -that when he had taken CHICKEN for Dinner, he always threw it up -undigested, but never threw up any of his Food undigested when he made -his Dinner of _Beef_ or _Mutton_."--BRYAN ROBINSON _on the Food and -Discharges of Human Bodies_, 1748, p. 95. - -Beef and Mutton seem to give less trouble to the Editor's Stomach than -any kind of Poultry. - -The following is copied from Dr. Scudamore on Gout, 2d Edition, p. 509, -being some of the Experiments related by Mr. Astley Cooper in his -lecture delivered at the Royal College of Surgeons in 1814, which have -only been published in Dr. S.'s book, who informs us, they were -performed upon Dogs, with a view to ascertain the comparative solvent -power of the gastric juice upon different articles of food. - - "_Experiment 5._ - - Food. Form. Quantity. Animal killed. Loss by - Digestion. - - Cheese. Square. 100 pints. 4 hours. 76. - Mutton. ----- ----- ----- 65. - Pork. ----- ----- ----- 36. - Veal. ----- ----- ----- 15. - Beef. ----- ----- ----- 11. - - - "_Experiment 6._ - - Food. Form. Quantity. Animal killed. Loss by - Digestion. - - Beef. Long & Nar. 100 pints. 2 hours. 0. - Rabbit. ----- ----- ----- 0. - Cod Fish. ----- ----- ----- 74. - - - "_Experiment 9._ - - Roast Veal Do. 100 pints. 2 hours. 7. - Boiled do. Do. ----- ----- 30. - -[78] "Those who have _weak stomachs_, will be better able to digest -their food, if they take their meals at _regular hours_; because they -have both the stimulus of the aliment they take, and the periodical -habit to assist digestion."--DARWIN'S _Zoonomia_, vol. i. p. 454. - -"We often tease and disorder our Stomachs by fasting for too long a -period, and when we have thus brought on what I may call a discontented -state of the organ, unfitting it for its office, we set to a meal, and -fill it to its utmost, regardless of its powers or its -feelings."--ABERNETHY'S _Surg. Obs._ p. 70. - -[79] "A Philosopher being asked what was _the best time to dine_, -answered,--For a Rich man, when he could get a Stomach;--for a Poor man, -when he could get Meat." - -[80] "When four hours be past, after Breakfast, a man may safely taste -his Dinner,--the most convenient time for dinner, is about _eleven of -the clocke_ before noone,--in 1570, this was the usual time of serving -it in the University of Oxford,--elsewhere about noone,--it commonly -consisted of boyled biefe, with pottage, bread and beere, and no -more,--the quantity of _biefe_ was in value an _halfe-penny_ for each -mouth,--they supped at five of the clocke in the Afternoon."--_Vide_ -COGAN'S _Haven of Health_, 1584, p. 187. - -_Early_ hours were as _Genteel_ in Dr. Cogan's time, as _late_ ones are -now, 1821. - -"Perhaps none of our Old English customs have undergone so thorough a -change, as the hours of rising,--taking refreshment--the number of meals -per day--and the time of retiring to rest. - -"The stately dames of Edward IV.'s Court, rose with the Lark, -despatched their dinner at eleven o'clock in the forenoon, and shortly -after eight were wrapt in slumber.--How would these reasonable people -(reasonable at least in this respect) be astonished could they but be -witnesses to the present distribution of time among the Children of -Fashion!--Would they not call the perverse conduct of those who _rise_ -at one or two, _dine_ at eight,--and retire to bed when the morning is -unfolding all its glories, and nature putting on her most pleasing -aspect,--absolute insanity!!"--WARNER'S _Antiq. Cul._ p. 134. - -"The modern hours of eating are got to an excess that is perfectly -ridiculous. Now, what do people get by this? If they make Dinner their -principal Meal, and do not wish to pall their appetite by eating before -it--they injure their health. Then in Winter they have two hours of -candlelight before Dinner, and in Summer they are at table during the -pleasantest part of the Day; and all this, to get a LONG MORNING,--_for -Idle People, to whom one would suppose the shortest morning would seem -too Long_."--PYE'S _Sketches_, 12mo. 1797, p. 174. - -[81] Mr. Peck, Grocer, &c., No. 175, Strand, has printed a very -ingenious chart of the "_Geographie de la Gourmandise_."--"A Map of the -four quarters of the World, intended to show the different parts from -whence all the articles in his catalogue are imported."--See also "CARTE -GASTRONOMIQUE DE LA FRANCE," prefixed to that entertaining work, "COURS -GASTRONOMIQUE," 8vo. 1809. - -[82] "A Wag, on being told it was the fashion to dine later and later -every day, said, He supposed it would end at last in not dining till -_to-morrow_!!" - -[83] "It is at the _commencement of Decline_, _i. e._ about our 40th -year, that the Stomach begins to require peculiar care and precaution. -People who have been subject to Indigestions before, have them then more -frequent and more violent; and those who have never been so afflicted, -begin to suffer them from slight causes: a want of attention to which -too frequently leads to the destruction of the best constitutions, -especially of the studious, who neglect to take due exercise. The remedy -proposed is Ipecacuanha, in a dose that will not occasion any nausea; -but enough to excite such an increased action of the vermicular movement -of the stomach, that the phlegm may be separated and expelled from that -organ. - -"The effects of it surpassed his most sanguine hopes: by the use of it, -notwithstanding he had naturally a delicate constitution, he weathered -the storms of the Revolution," &c., and lived to be 84. - -The above is an extract from Dr. BUCHAN'S translation of Mr. DAUBENTON'S -_Observations on Indigestion_. This treatise brought Ipecacuanha -Lozenges into fashion, as the most easy and agreeable manner of taking -it: they contain about one-sixth of a grain, and are prepared and sold -by SAVORY and MOORE, Chemists, in Bond Street. - -[84] Delicate people, who are accustomed to dine at a certain hour, on -certain food, &c., are generally deranged as often as they dine out, and -change the hour, &c. - -The Editor has a patient who never Dines out without suffering severely -for several days after--not from over-eating or drinking, &c., but from -the change of Diet, and the time of taking it. His habit is to make a -hearty meal off one dish at Five o'clock, and drink with it some good -heartening home-brewed Beer, and two or three glasses of Wine--that has -not been kept till it has lost its best qualities. - -[85] Dr. W. says: "When the Stomach is in a sound state, and Digestion -is properly performed, the spirits are good, and the Body is light and -easy; but when that organ is out of order, a languor, debility, -discontent, melancholy watchfulness, or troublesome dreams, the -nightmare, &c. are the consequences. I have often been seized with a -slight _Incubus_, attended with a faintness, as if the circulation was a -good deal obstructed, before I was fully asleep, which has made me get -up suddenly: while I lay awake I felt nothing of these symptoms, except -some degree of uneasiness about my stomach; but when I was just about to -fall asleep, they began to return again." "In this way I have gone on -for two or three hours or more, in the beginning of the night. At last, -I found that a dram of _Brandy_, after the first attack, kept me easy -the whole night," p. 312. - -"When affected with uneasy sensation from wind, I have not only been -sensible of a general debility and flatness of spirits, but the -unexpected opening of a door, or any such trifling unforeseen accident, -has instantly occasioned an odd sensation about my heart, extending -itself to my head and arms, &c. At other times, when my stomach is in a -firmer state, I have no such feeling: at least, in a very small degree, -from causes which might be thought more apt to produce them. Fainting, -Tremors, Palpitations of the Heart, convulsive motions, and all those -disorders which are called nervous, &c. &c. are often owing more to the -infirm state of the first passages, than to any fault either in the -Brain or Heart," p. 132, &c. - -Dr. Whytt died A.D. 1766, in his 52d year. - -[86] "Physicians appear to be too strict and particular in their rules -of diet and regimen; too anxious attention to those rules hath often -hurt those who were well, and added unnecessarily to the distresses of -the sick.--Whether meat should be boiled or roasted, or dressed in any -other plain way, and what sort of vegetables should be eaten with it, I -never yet met with any person of common sense (except in an acute -illness) whom I did not think much fitter to choose for himself, than I -was to determine for him."--DR. HEBERDEN _on Diet_. - -"When the Stomach is weak, it seems particularly necessary that our food -should be nutritive and easy of digestion. - -"I may further observe, that its qualities should be adapted to the -feelings of the stomach. - -"In proof of this proposition, numerous instances might be mentioned of -apparently unfit substances agreeing with the Stomach, being digested -and even quieting an irritable state of the stomach, merely because they -were suitable to its feelings. Instances might also be mentioned of -changes in Diet producing a tranquil and healthy state of stomach in -cases where medicines had been tried in vain."--ABERNETHY, _Surg. Obs._ -p. 68. - -[87] "_A Fool_, or a PHYSICIAN _at Forty_, is an adage containing more -truth than is commonly believed.--He who has not by that time learned to -observe the causes of self-disorder--shows little signs of wisdom; and -He who has carefully noted the things which create disorder in himself, -must by his own experience possess much knowledge, that a Physician at a -pop visit ought not to pretend to."--_Domestic Management_, 1813, p. -xxxvi. - -[88] "GRILLUS, who, according to the doctrine of _Transmigration_, (as -_Plutarch_ tells us) had, in his turn, been a BEAST, discourses how much -better he fed and lived then, than when he was turned to MAN again, as -knowing then what food was best and most proper for him, which -_Sarcophagists_ (flesh-eaters) in all this time were yet to -seek."--EVYLYN'S _Acetana_, 12mo. 1699, p. 86. - - "Instinct than Reason makes more wholesome Meals."--YOUNG. - -"My Appetite is in several things of itself happily enough accommodated -to the health of my Stomach; whatever I take against my liking does me -harm; but nothing hurts me that I eat with appetite and delight."--_Vide -honest_ MONTAIGNE'S _Essay on Experience_, book iii. chap. xiii. - -"The Stomach gives information when the supplies have been expended, and -represents with great exactness the quantity and quality of whatever is -wanted in the present state of the machine, and, in proportion as it -meets with neglect, rises in its demand, and urges its petition with a -louder voice."--DR. WM. HUNTER'S _Introductory Lecture_, 4to. p. 81. - -"Take Food in proportion to the quantity of nourishment contained in it, -of which the Stomach appears from Instinct to be capable of -judging."--J. HUNTER _on the Animal Economy_, 4to. p. 221. - - "Prompted by Instinct's never erring power, - Each creature knows its proper aliment, - Directed, bounded by this power within, - Their cravings are well aimed; Voluptuous Man, - Is by superior faculties misled; - Misled from pleasure--even in quest of Joy." - ARMSTRONG'S _Art of Preserving Health_. - -"Our stomach is, in general, a pretty good Judge of what is best for -it,--thousands have perished for being inattentive to its calls--for one -who has implicitly obeyed them."--DR. SMITH'S _Guide in Sickness_, 8vo. -p. 59. - -"In every case wherein we wish to preserve strength, (as in most -chronical complaints) we should be extremely cautious in prescribing a -rigid regimen,--especially if it is intended to be long -continued."--"Things disagreeable to the palate, seldom digest well, or -contribute to the nourishment of the Body."--FALCONER _on Diet_, pp. 7, -and 8. - -"What is most grateful to the Palate, sits most easy on the -Stomach."--ADAIR _on Diet_, p. 28. - -"LONGINGS directed by the pure guidance of INSTINCT, and not arising -merely from opinion, may not only be satisfied with Impunity, but -generally be indulged in with advantage."--WITHERS _on the Abuse of -Medicine_, 8vo. p. 233. - -[89] "As to the quality of food, although whatever is easy of digestion, -singly considered, deserves the preference, yet regard must be had to -the palate and to the appetite, because it is frequently found, that -what the Stomach earnestly covets, though of difficult digestion, does -nevertheless digest better than what is esteemed of easier digestion if -the Stomach nauseates it: I am of opinion the patient ought to eat only -of _one dish_ at a meal."--SYDENHAM _on Gout_. - -"Every Animal but Man keeps to _one dish_--Herbs are the food of this -species--Fish of that--and Flesh of a third."--SPECTATOR, No. 95. - -"Be content with _one dish_ at a meal, in the choice of that consult -your palate."--MANDEVILLE _on Hypochondriasis_, p. 316. - -[90] "It is surprising how much the condition and disposition of the -Stomach and Intestines will vary in the same person at different -times."--WHYTT _on the Nerves_; p. 127. - -[91] "Many people, to be sufficiently nourished, must be supplied with -food exceedingly stimulating."--STRUVE'S _Asthenology_, 8vo. 1801, p. -280. - -[92] "Whosoever dreameth that no _Sick_ Man should be allured to meat, -by delightful and pleasant Sauces, seemeth as froward and fantastical as -He that would never whet his knife. - -"Why hath nature brought forth such variety of Herbs, Roots, Spices, &c. -fit for nothing but Sauces, &c. but that by them, the Sick should be -allured to feed. - -"Abstinence is as dangerous, as Fulness and Satiety is -inconvenient."--DR. MOFFETT _on Foods_, 12mo. 1746, p. 343. - -[93] "This gentleman had so cold a Stomach, (saith _Suidas_,) that he -made a sheath for his Tongue, that he might swallow down his Pottage -scalding hot; yea, I myself have known a Shropshire Gentleman of the -like quality."--Dr. MUFFETT _on Food_, 4to. 1655, p. 287. - -[94] "The Chyle appears to be of the same nature, from whatever aliment -it has been extracted; if the medical people in different countries were -questioned, each would probably approve of the diet used in their -own--and would find plausible arguments to prove its superiority, with -numerous and admirable examples among their countrymen in support of -their theory. - -"An Englishman would probably be of opinion that wheat-bread, and a -large portion of animal food, gives the strongest and most substantial -nourishment. - -"An Irishman, or a Scotsman, would probably maintain that a small -portion of animal food,--with plenty of potatoes and oatmeal, is far -better adapted to form a vigorous and hardy race. The Laplanders live -almost entirely upon Animal food--the Hindoos, Gentoos, &c. never taste -any thing but Vegetables."--MOORE'S _Mat. Med._ p. 70. - -"In the course of a few years, the produce of several acres of land, a -number of large oxen, and many tuns of liquor, are consumed by one -individual; whilst he continues nearly the same, whether he drinks the -pure stream, or beverage the most skilfully compounded; whether he feeds -on a variety of articles produced from the animal and vegetable kingdom, -or confines himself to one particular substance; and whether his food is -prepared in the most simple manner, or by the most refined and -artificial modes that luxury has invented."--_Code of Health_, vol. i. -p. 402. - -_Facts relative to Diet._--"Dr. B. Franklin, of Philadelphia, informed -me that he himself, when a journeyman printer, lived a fortnight on -bread and water, at the rate of ten pennyworth of bread per week, and -that he found himself stout and hearty with this diet." - -"By Sir John Pringle I was told that he knew a lady now 90 years of age, -who eat only the pure fat of meat." - -"Dr. Cirelli says, that the Neapolitan Physicians frequently allow their -patients in fevers, nothing but water for forty days together."--Dr. -STARK, _on Diet, &c._ 4to. 1788, p. 92, a work well worth the purchase -of any person curious upon this subject. As is also Dr. BRYAN ROBINSON, -on _Food and Discharges of Human Bodies_. - -[95] "A constant adherence to one sort of Diet, may have bad effects on -any Constitution. Nature has provided a great Variety of Nourishment for -Human Creatures, and furnished us with Appetites to desire, and Organs -to digest them. - -"An unerring Regularity is almost impracticable, and the swerving from -it, when it has grown habitual, dangerous; for every unusual thing in a -human body becomes a stimulus, as Wine or Flesh Meat to one not used to -them; therefore _Celsus's_ Rule, with proper moral restrictions, is a -good one."--ARBUTHNOT _on Aliment_, pp. 218 and 219. - -[96] A PILL is the mildest form of administering Medicine, because of -its gradual solution in the Stomach, and the same quantity of the same -material, taken in a draught, produces a very different effect. - -[97] "He that would have _a clear Head_, must have _a clean -Stomach_."--CHEYNE _on Health_, p. 34. - -[98] _Quintessence of Lemon Peel_, (No. 418).--Best oil of Lemon, one -drachm,--strongest rectified Spirit, two ounces, introduced by degrees, -till the spirit kills and completely mixes with the oil. This elegant -and useful preparation, possesses all the delightful fragrance and -flavour of the freshest Lemon Peel--for which you will find it a -satisfactory substitute. A few drops on the Sugar you make Punch with, -will instantly impregnate it with as much flavour as the troublesome and -tedious method of rubbing the sugar on the rind. - -[99] "I have observed that in mature Age, and in the decline of Life, -symptoms which are attributed to previous irregularities, to -idiosyncracy, to hereditary disposition, to disease, and to approaching -old age, frequently arise from Constipation of the Bowels."--HAMILTON -_on Purgative Medicines_, 1806, p. 7. - -[100] "_Astriction of the Belly_ is commonly a sign of strong -Chylopoetick Organs."--ARBUTHNOT _on Aliment_, p. 24. - -[101] Beautiful and full ripe Hot-house Grapes may be procured in the -greatest perfection at the Fruit Shops in Covent Garden, almost all the -year round--and the Editor has frequently given them to delicate women, -who have been afflicted with feverish complaints, to the quantity of a -Pound per day, with the most satisfactory effect--they were extremely -grateful in cooling their parched mouths, and at once most agreeably and -effectually supplied the place of both Saline Draughts and Aperient -Medicine. - -[102] "People who have Relaxed Bowels have seldom strong thoughts or -strong bodies."--LOCKE _on Education_, sec. 23. - -"The cure for relaxed _Nerves_ (the source of all chronic disorders) -must necessarily begin at the Stomach. He who attempts to cure a Nervous -distemper without _firm Bowels_--labours in vain; for it is impossible -that the Constitution of those who have _Slippery Bowels_--should ever -be braced."--CHEYNE _on Long Life_, p. 107. - -[103] "To make TOAST AND WATER.--Cut a bit of the upper crust of Bread, -about twice the thickness Toast is usually cut--toast it carefully, till -it be completely browned all over, but not at all blackened or burnt: -put this into a jug, and pour upon it as much boiling water as you wish -to make into drink--cover the jug--let it stand till cold. The fresher -made--the better. _Obs._--A roll of fresh thin cut Lemon Peel or dried -Orange Peel, infused with the Bread, is a grateful addition, and makes a -very refreshing Summer drink--and when the proportion of the fluids is -destroyed by profuse perspiration, may be drank plentifully. Let a large -jug be made early in the day, it will then become warm by the heat of -the Air, and may be drank freely with impunity; cold Water fresh drawn -from a well cannot without danger." - -[104] Dr. Pemberton recommends the following Bolus:-- - - Rx Kino. pulv. scruples j. - Confect. Opiat. gr. xii. - Misc. Fiat bolus, ter quotidie sumendus. - -See his _Observations on the Diseases of the Abdominal Viscera_, 8vo. -1807, p. 140. - -[105] Here followed, in the first Edition, some _Observations on -Singing_. See page 98 of this book--But most of them are taken out, and -will shortly be published by Messrs. Hurst and Robinson, No. 90, -Cheapside, as part of the Prefatory matter of "THE ENGLISH MELODIES," -selected by the Author of this work, from the Library of Wm. Kitchiner, -M. D. - -[106] "A knowledge how to regulate the alvine evacuation, constitutes -much of the prophylactic part of Medicine; hence, how necessary it is to -advise those who either wish to preserve good Health, or are in quest of -the lost treasure, to attend to this circumstance."--HAMILTON _on -Purgatives_, p. 7. - -"How much it behoves those who have the charge of young people, -particularly of the female sex, to impress them with the propriety, nay -with the absolute necessity of attention to the regular state of the -Bowels; and to put it in their power, by the use of proper means, to -guard against constipation; and at the same time to watch over them, -lest, through indolence, they neglect a circumstance which, promoting in -the gay season of youth, the enjoyment of health and happiness, opposes -a sure barrier against the inroads of chlorosis, &c., always a -distressing, and sometimes a fatal complaint."--_Ibid._ p. 76. - -[107] "There are three things which I consider as necessary to the cure -of disorder. - -"_1st_, That the Stomach should thoroughly digest all the food that is -put into it. - -"The patient perceiving the necessity of obtaining this end, becomes -attentive to his Diet, and observes the effect which the quantity and -quality of his food and medicines have upon his feelings, and the -apparent powers of his Stomach. - -"_2dly_, That the residue of the food should be daily discharged from -the Bowels: here, too, the patient, apprised of the design, notes what -kind and dose of purgative medicine best effect the intention, and -whether it answers better if taken at once, or at intervals. - -"_3dly_, That the secretion of Bile should be right, both with respect -to quantity and quality. In cases wherein the secretion of Bile has been -for a long time deficient or faulty, I recommend unirritating and -undebilitating doses of Mercury, (_i. e._ pil. hydrarg.) to be taken -every second or third night till the stools become of the wet rhubarb -colour."--P. 90. - -"Any kind of Brown, which dilution will not convert into yellow, I -should consider as unhealthy."--P. 36. - -See MR. ABERNETHY'S _Surgical Observations_. - -[108] "A popular hypothesis is now very prevalent, which attributes -nearly all Diseases to a disturbed state of THE LIVER--for which, -Mercurial drugs are lavished almost indiscriminately. The folly of -expecting to repel this, or any other opinion which is favourable to the -natural indolence of mankind, is obvious, especially when it is at the -same time upholden by the empirical interests of greedy -individuals."--A. CARLISLE _on Old Age_, 2d edit. p. 88. - -[109] "It is a dubious question, whether WORMS or the _Violent -Purgatives_ which are forced into the human Stomach, by the decisive -energy of medical logic, to destroy and expel them, have been most -destructive to the human species."--WITHERS _on the Abuse of Medicine_, -8vo. 1794, p. 19 and 117. - -[110] "MERCURY and ANTIMONY, elaborated into Poisons by Chemistry--i. e. -_Calomel_, _Emetic Tartar_, _James's Powders_, &c. have torn many a -Stomach into rags, so that it could never bear common food -after."--CADOGAN _on Gout_, 8vo. 1771, p. 79. - -[111] The flavour of _Coxwell's Citric Acid_ is much more agreeable than -the _Tartaric_, which, being cheaper, is sometimes substituted for it. - -[112] PORTABLE SOUP, _or_ GLAZE.--(No. 252.)--Desire the Butcher to -break the bones of a Leg or a Shin of Beef, of 10 pounds weight (the -fresher killed the better), put it into a Soup-pot (a DIGESTER is the -best utensil for this purpose) that will well hold it; just cover it -with cold water, and set it on the fire to heat gradually till it nearly -boils, (this should be at least an hour);--skim it attentively while any -scum rises,--pour in a little cold water, to throw up the scum that may -remain,--let it come to a boil again, and again skim it carefully: when -no more scum rises, and the broth appears clear, (put in neither Roots -nor Herbs nor Salt,) let it boil for eight or ten hours, and then strain -it through a hair sieve into a brown stone pan; set the Broth where it -will cool quickly; put the meat into a sieve, let it drain, make Potted -Beef (No. 503),--or it will be very acceptable to many poor families. -Next day remove every particle of _Fat_ from the top of it, and pour it -through a Tammis or fine sieve as quietly as possible into a Stewpan, -taking care not to let any of the settlings at the bottom of the stone -pan go into the Stewpan, which should be of thick Copper, perfectly well -tinned; add a quarter of an ounce of whole Black Pepper to it, let it -boil briskly, with the stewpan uncovered, on a quick fire: if any scum -rises, take it off with a skimmer; when it begins to thicken, and is -reduced to about a quart, put it into a smaller stewpan; set it over a -gentler fire, till it is reduced to the thickness of a very thick Syrup; -take care that it does not burn,--_a moment's inattention now will lose -you all your labour, and the soup will be spoiled_:--take a little of it -out in a spoon and let it cool; if it sets into strong Jelly, it is done -enough;--if it does not, boil it a little longer, till it does;--have -ready some little pots, such as are used for Potted Meats, about an inch -and a half deep, taking care that they are quite dry;--we recommend it -to be kept in these pots, if it is for home consumption--(_the less it -is reduced, the better is the flavour of the Soup_)--if it be -sufficiently concentrated to keep for six months;--if you wish to -preserve it longer, put it into such bladders as are used for German -Sausages,--or if you prefer it in the form of Cakes, pour it into a dish -about a quarter of an inch deep; when it is cold, turn it out and weigh -the Cake, and divide it with a paste-cutter into pieces of half an ounce -and an ounce each; place them in a warm room, and turn them frequently -till they are thoroughly dried;--this will take a week or ten days; turn -them twice a day;--when well hardened, if kept in a dry place, they may -be preserved for several years in any climate. - -This extract of Meat makes excellent "_Tablettes de Bouillon_," for -those who are obliged to endure long fasting. - -_Obs._--The uses of this concentrated _Essence of Meat_ are numerous. It -is equally economical and convenient for making _extempore_ Broths, -Sauces and Gravies for Hashed or Stewed Meat, Game, or Poultry, &c. - -You may thicken it and flavour it as directed in (No. 329);--to make -_Gravy_, Sauces, &c. take double the quantity ordered for _Broth_. - -If you have time and opportunity, as there is no seasoning in the Soup, -either of Roots, Herbs, or Spice, boil an Onion with or without a bit of -Parsley, and Sweet Herbs, and a few corns of Allspice, or other Spice, -in the water you melt the Soup in, which may be flavoured with Mushroom -Catsup (No. 439),--or Eschalot Wine (No. 402),--Essence of Sweet Herbs -(No. 417),--Savoury Spice (Nos. 421, or 457),--Essence of Celery (No. -409), &c. or Zest (No. 255);--these may be combined in the proportions -most agreeable to the palate of the Eater--and are as portable as -Portable Soup, for a very small portion will flavour a Pint. - -The Editor adds nothing to the solution of this Soup, but a very little -ground Black Pepper and some Salt. - -_Mem._ THIS PORTABLE SOUP is a most convenient article in -Cookery--especially in _Small Families_, where it will save a great deal -of time and trouble. It is also _Economical_, for no more will be melted -than is wanted--so there is no waste. - -SHIN OF BEEF, weighing nine pounds, and costing 1_s._ 10-1/2_d._ -produced nine ounces of concentrated Soup, sufficiently reduced to keep -for several months. After the boiling, the Bones in this joint weighed -two pounds and a quarter, and the Meat two pounds and a quarter. - -As it is difficult to obtain this ready-made of good quality--and we -could not find any proper and circumstantial directions for making it, -which on trial answered the purpose,--and it is really a great -acquisition to the Army and Navy--to Travellers, Invalids, &c.--the -Editor has bestowed some time, &c. in endeavouring to learn--and to -teach how it may be prepared in the easiest,--most economical and -perfect manner. - -The ordinary selling price is from 10_s._ to 12_s._--but you may make it -according to the above Receipt for 3_s._ 6_d._ per Pound--_i. e._ for -2-1/2_d._ per Ounce, which will make you a Pint of Broth. - -Those who do not regard the expense, and like the flavour, may add the -lean of Ham, in the proportion of a pound to eight pounds of Leg of -Beef. - -It may also be flavoured, by adding to it, at the time you put the Broth -into the smaller Stewpan, Mushroom Catsup, Shallot Wine, Essences of -Spice or Herbs, &c.;--we prefer it quite plain--it is then ready to be -converted in an instant into a basin of Beef Tea for an Invalid, and any -flavour may be immediately communicated to it by the Magazine of Taste -(No. 463.) - -_Mutton Chops delicately Stewed, and good Mutton Broth._--(No. -490.)--Put a Pound of Chops into a stewpan with cold water enough to -cover them, and half a pint over, and an Onion,--when it is coming to a -boil, skim it, cover the pan close, and set it _over a very slow Fire_ -till the Chops are tender,--if they have been kept a proper time, they -will take about three quarters of an hour's _very gentle simmering_. -Send up Turnips with them, (No. 130), they may be boiled with the chops, -skim well, and then send all up in a deep dish, with the Broth they were -stewed in. - -N.B. _The Broth_ will make an Economist one,--and _the Meat_ another -wholesome and comfortable meal. - -[113] Men are but rarely "framed so in the prodigality of Nature," as to -have all their Senses in perfection--very few have a single one, that -approximates within many degrees of it--the Eye of Raphael, the Ear of -Handel, the Palate of Apicius--or the sensitive touch of the blind Girl, -who could _feel Colours_--are pancratic faculties which are seldom -produced. - -The following division of the Senses is so excellent, that I copy it -from the scarce Book referred to below:-- - -"I distinguish the SIX SENSES by the character of noxious and innocent. -The first three, _Thinking_--_Seeing_--and _Hearing_--are the innocent. -The last three, _Feeling_--_Tasting_--and _Smelling_--the noxious. - -"I pursue Happiness, or systematic pleasurable sensation, in the -cultivation of the first class--and in the control of the latter."--See -the LIFE OF JOHN STEWART THE TRAVELLER, p. 12. - -[114] "I took two pieces of Mutton, each weighing 45 grains, and having -_chewed_ one as much as I used to chew my food--enclosed them in two -separate spheres--and swallowed them at the same time--these tubes were -voided at the same time--of the masticated meat there remained only 4 -grains--of the other there were 18 left." - -"_The necessity of Mastication_ is sufficiently known--there is perhaps -no person who has not, some time or other, suffered from Indigestion, -for want of having chewed his food properly. The reason is obvious. Not -to mention the saliva which moistens the food, and predisposes it to be -dissolved, it cannot be doubted, that when it is reduced to pieces by -the action of the Teeth, the gastric fluid penetrates, and attacking it -at more points, dissolves it more speedily than when it was whole. This -is true of menstrua in general, which always dissolve bodies sooner when -they have been previously broken to pieces. This is also the reason why, -in other experiments, masticated bread and _dressed_ flesh were more -readily dissolved than unchewed bread and _raw_ flesh. The boiling had -made it tenderer, and consequently disposed it to allow ingress to the -gastric fluid."--SPALLANZANI _on Digestion_, vol. i. p. 277. - -[115] In no branch of the practice of Physic, is there more _Dangerous -Quackery_, than in this department--the only means we can furnish our -friends with to avoid this--is to recommend them to apply to a -scientific Dentist of acknowledged integrity and experience.--Our own -Mouth is under considerable obligations to Mr. EDMONDS, of Conduit -Street, Hanover Square. - -[116] "Slave-dealers are well acquainted with the characteristic signs -of perfect Health--any defect of which much diminishes the value of a -Slave. The want of _a Tooth_ makes a Slave worth two Dollars -less."--FINKE'S _Medical Geography_, vol. i. p. 449. - - - - - - -End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of The Art of Invigorating and Prolonging -Life, by William Kitchiner - -*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK INVIGORATING AND PROLONGING LIFE *** - -***** This file should be named 40891.txt or 40891.zip ***** -This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: - http://www.gutenberg.org/4/0/8/9/40891/ - -Produced by Julia Miller, Thiers Halliwell and the Online -Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This -file was produced from images generously made available -by The Internet Archive/American Libraries.) - - -Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions -will be renamed. - -Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no -one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation -(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without -permission and without paying copyright royalties. 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