diff options
Diffstat (limited to '40678.txt')
| -rw-r--r-- | 40678.txt | 3679 |
1 files changed, 0 insertions, 3679 deletions
diff --git a/40678.txt b/40678.txt deleted file mode 100644 index 6263e7a..0000000 --- a/40678.txt +++ /dev/null @@ -1,3679 +0,0 @@ -The Project Gutenberg EBook of Notes and Queries, Vol. V, Number 117, -January 24, 1852, by Various - -This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with -almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or -re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included -with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org - - -Title: Notes and Queries, Vol. V, Number 117, January 24, 1852 - A Medium of Inter-communication for Literary Men, Artists, - Antiquaries, Genealogists, etc. - -Author: Various - -Editor: George Bell - -Release Date: September 5, 2012 [EBook #40678] - -Language: English - -Character set encoding: ASCII - -*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES AND QUERIES, JAN 24, 1852 *** - - - - -Produced by Charlene Taylor, Jonathan Ingram and the Online -Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This -file was produced from images generously made available -by The Internet Library of Early Journals.) - - - - - -[Transcriber's note: Original spelling variations have not been -standardized. _Underscores_ have been used to indicate _italic_ fonts. -Some Hebrew or Chaldee words may not be shown in an adequate way in this -version. A list of volumes and pages in "Notes and Queries" has been -added at the end.] - - -NOTES and QUERIES: - -A MEDIUM OF INTER-COMMUNICATION - -FOR - -LITERARY MEN, ARTISTS, ANTIQUARIES, GENEALOGISTS, ETC. - -"When found, make a note of."--CAPTAIN CUTTLE. - -VOL. V.--No. 117. SATURDAY, JANUARY 24. 1852. - -Price Fourpence. Stamped Edition, 5_d._ - - - - -CONTENTS. - - Page - - - NOTES:-- - - The Pantheon at Paris 73 - - Churchill the Poet 74 - - English Medals: William III. and Grandval, by W. D. - Haggard 75 - - Readings in Shakspeare, No. I. 75 - - Folk Lore:--Salting a New-born Infant--Lent - Crocking--Devonshire Superstition respecting Still-born - Children 76 - - Goldsmith's Pamphlet on the Cock Lane Ghost, by Jas. - Crossley 77 - - Minor Notes:--Traditions of remote Periods through - few Links--Preservation of Life at Sea--Epigram 77 - - QUERIES:-- - - Minor Queries--Count Konigsmark--"O Leoline! - be absolutely just"--Lyte Family--Sir Walter Raleigh's - Snuff-box--"Poets beware"--Guanahani, or Cat - Island--Wiggan, or Utiggan, an Oxford Student--Prayers - for the Fire of London--Donkey--French and - Italian Degrees--The Shadow of the Tree of - Life--Sun-dials--Nouns always printed with Capital - Initials--John of Padua--St. Kenelm--Church 78 - - MINOR QUERIES ANSWERED:--Hieroglyphics of Vagrants - and Criminals--Muggleton and Reeve--Rev. T. Adams--The - Archbishop of Spalatro--Bishop Bridgeman--Rouse, - the Scottish Psalmist--"Count Cagliostro, or the - Charlatan, a Tale of the Reign of Louis XVI."--Churchyard - Well and Bath 79 - - REPLIES:-- - - Collars of SS. 81 - - On the First, Final, and Suppressed Volume of the only - Expurgatory Index of Rome, by the Rev. J. Mendham 82 - - The First Paper-mill in England, and Paper-mill near - Stevenage, by A. Grayan 83 - - The Pendulum Demonstration 84 - - The Cross and the Crucifix, by Sir J. Emerson Tennent 85 - - Yankee Doodle, by C. H. Cooper 86 - - Perpetual Lamp 87 - - Kibroth Hattavah and Wady Mokatteb: Num. xi. 26. - critically examined, by Moses Margoliouth 87 - - Replies to Minor Queries:--"Theophania"--Royal - Library--Reichenbach's Ghosts--Marriage Tithe in - Wales--Paul Hoste--John of Halifax--Age of Trees--"Mirabilis - Liber"--Caesarius, &c.--Tripos--"Please the Pigs"--Basnet - Family--Serjeants' Rings--"Crowns have their Compass"--Hell - paved with the Skulls of Priests--Cooper's Miniature of - Cromwell--King Street Theatre--Groom, Meaning of--Schola - Cordis, &c. 88 - - MISCELLANEOUS:-- - - Notes on Books, Sales, Catalogues, &c. 94 - - Books and Odd Volumes wanted 94 - - Notices to Correspondents 94 - - Advertisements 95 - - - - -Notes. - - -THE PANTHEON AT PARIS. - -Among the circumstances which have attracted notice in the remarkable -events of the present French revolution, the restoration of the -_Pantheon_ to its primitive ecclesiastical name and destination has been -specially adverted to, and certainly not without reason from its -implied--indeed, its obvious purpose,--that of propitiating the feelings -and courting the adhesion at least of the agricultural population of the -country to the new order of things; for, indifferent as Paris, with -other cities, may be to religious sentiments or practice, the -unsophisticated inhabitants of the provinces still conscientiously -pursue the forms and exercise the duties of their long-established -worship. No surer means of obtaining their suffrages could have been -adopted by the French President than by gaining the favour of the parish -priests, whose influence is necessarily paramount on such occasions over -their flocks. - -In the accounts which have appeared in our journals of the Pantheon and -its varied fate, several errors and deficiencies having struck me, I beg -leave briefly to correct and supply both, with your permission, by a -general history of the beautiful edifice. - -The church dedicated to St. Genevieve, patroness of Paris, originally -begun by Clovis, and finished by his widow, St. Clotilda, in the sixth -century (see Butler's _Lives of Saints_, January 3rd, and June 3rd), had -fallen into decay, when Louis XV. determined to construct one near it, -upon a large and magnificent scale. Designs presented by the eminent -architect Soufflot were adopted, and on the 6th of September, 1764, the -king, as stated by Galignani and others, laid the first stone. But -scarcely had it emerged from the foundation, when the wide-spreading -impiety of the age made it probable that it would eventually be diverted -to uses wholly at variance with its destined purpose, and so the -following lines foretold so long since as 1777; and never has prediction -been more literally in many respects, and for a considerable time more -completely, fulfilled:-- - - "Templum augustum, ingens, regina assurgit in urbe, - Urbe et patrona virgine digna domus, - Tarda nimis pietas vanos moliris honores! - Non sunt haec, Virgo, factis digna tuis. - Ante Deo summa quam templum extruxeris urbe, - Impietas templis tollet et urbe Deum." - -The French translation thus impressively renders the sense:-- - - "Il s'eleve a Paris un temple auguste, immense, - Digne de Genevieve et des voeux de la France. - Tardive piete! dans ce siecle pervers, - Tu prepares en vain des monumens divers. - Avant qu'il soit fini ce temple magnifique, - Les saints et Dieu seront proscrits, - Par la secte philosophique - Et des temples et de Paris." - -In the original pediment, since altered by the sculptor David (of -Angers), a bas-relief represented a cross in the midst of clouds; and on -the plinth was the following inscription:-- - - "D. O. M. SUB INVOC. STAE. GENOVEFAE--LUD. XV. DICAVIT," - -which, in 1791, when a decree of the National Assembly appropriated this -monument of religion to the reception of the remains of illustrious -Frenchmen, was changed to-- - - "AUX GRANDS HOMMES LA PATRIE RECONNAISSANTE." - -On the restoration of the Bourbons, and of the edifice to its first -purpose, the Latin inscription resumed its place, with the addition of -"LUD. XVIII. RESTITUIT," which, however, again gave way to the French -epigraph after the revolution of 1830, still probably to be retained, -while accompanied with a due reference to the sanctified patroness of -the church. - -The French inscription was the happy thought of M. Pastoret, one of the -few Academicians that embraced at its origin the principles of the -Revolution, which he followed through its varying phases, until he -attained an advanced age. The first mortuary deposit in the Pantheon was -that of Mirabeau, in August, 1791; and, on the 30th May ensuing, the -anniversary of the death of Voltaire, "L'Assemblee Nationale declara cet -ecrivain le liberateur de la pensee, et digne de recevoir les honneurs -decernees aux grands hommes," &c. On the 27th August following, a -similar distinction was decreed to J. J. Rousseau; but in January, 1822, -the tombs of these apostles of incredulity were removed, until replaced -in 1830. In July, 1793, the monster Marat was inhumed there, "amidst the -deepest lamentations and mournful expressions of regret for the loss -sustained by the country in the death of the most valued of her -citizens," whose corpse, however, on the 8th February, 1795, was torn -from its cerements and flung, with every mark of ignominy, into the -filth of the sewer of Montmartre. In the vicissitudes of popular favour -even Mirabeau's effigy was burned in 1793. Such have been the -alternations and ever-recurring contests in the feelings and principles -of the ascendant parties-- - - "Et velut aeterno certamine praelia pugnasque - Edere, turmatim certantia; nec dare pausam, - Conciliis et discidiis exercita crebris." - - _Lucret._ ii. 117. - -The cost of this beautiful edifice may be estimated at about a million -sterling, or, taking into consideration the difference in the value of -money at the periods, one-third of what was expended on our cathedral of -St. Paul. The architect of this and other noble monuments of art, Jean -Germain Soufflot, born in 1704, died in August, 1781, the victim, it is -said, of the jealousy of his rival artists, whose malignant attacks on -his works and fame made too deep an impression on his sensitive -feelings, though supported in this trial of his moral fortitude by his -most intimate friend and director, that genuine philanthropist, the -father and institutor of the _Deaf and dumb_,--the Abbe de l'Epee, in -whose arms he died. No one it has been observed, was more justly -entitled to have the achievement of his genius invoked, as our Wren's -has been, and indicated to the inquirer, as the fit repository of his -mortal remains. He did not, however, live to contemplate the completed -structure. The sculptor David, who has embellished the pediment with -numerous statues, is now a refugee in Brussels, possibly the relative, -but certainly the political inheritor of his great namesake's -ultra-revolutionary sentiments, the eminent painter, I mean, and _ame -damnee_, as he was called, of Robespierre, an exile, too, in Belgium for -many years. - -The epitaph above referred to of Sir Christopher Wren, under the choir -of St. Paul, celebrated as it rightly is, for its appropriate -application ("Subtus conditur hujus Ecclesiae Conditor ... Lector, si -monumentum quaeris, circumspice"), does not appear, I may add, to have -been a primary, or original thought, for it was long preceded by one of -somewhat suggestive and similar tenor in the old church of the Jesuits, -now in ruins, at Lisbon (St. Jose). "Hoc mausolaeo condita est -Illustrissima D.D. Philippa D. Comes (Countess) de Linhares--Cujus, -si ... pietatem et munificientiam quaeris, hoc Templum aspice"--Obiit -MDCIII. This date is long anterior to our great architect's birth -(1631), and above a century prior to his death in 1723, while, again, -the epitaph was not inscribed for several subsequent years. - - J. R. (Cork.) - - -CHURCHILL THE POET. - -Mr. Tooke, in the biographical notice prefixed to the new edition, says -that Churchill was educated at Westminster school, and at the age of -fifteen-- - - "Became a candidate for admission [on the foundation], and went in - head of the election.... At the age of eighteen he stood for a - fellowship at Merton College ... when being opposed by candidates - of superior age, he was not chosen.... He quitted Westminster - school; and there is a story current, that _about this period_ he - incurred a repulse at Oxford on account of alleged deficiency in - the classics, which is obviously incorrect, as there is no such - examination or matriculation in our Universities as could lead to - his rejection. In point of fact, long before he was nineteen, he - was admitted of Trinity College, Cambridge. It is equally certain - that he met with some slight or indignity at Cambridge, from - whence he returned immediately after his admission, disgusted at - the treatment he experienced, which he afterwards visited on both - universities." - -There is an obvious confusion here which perhaps I can clear up. - -I need not say, to those who know anything of Westminster, and of the -old system of examination at our Universities, that a youth who entered -college, as it is called, head of an election was qualified, at the -time, not merely to have entered the University, but to have taken a -degree, had age and circumstances permitted; and this opinion is -confirmed in Churchill's case, by his standing for a fellowship at -Merton when only in his "second election"--second year on the -foundation--at Westminster. How to reconcile this with the stories -current is the apparent difficulty, and yet a few words will, I think, -make it all clear. There is what is called an "election" every year, -from the senior boys on the foundation at Westminster, to scholarships -at Christchurch, Oxford, and Trinity, Cambridge. As the scholarships at -Oxford are understood to be worth three or four times as much as those -at Cambridge, all are anxious to obtain an Oxford scholarship. The -election is professedly made after examination; but while I knew -anything of the school it was _selection_ according to interest, and it -must have been rare scholarship indeed that obtained the reward against -private interest. Herein, I take it, was the repulse Churchill met with, -not _at_ Oxford, but as a candidate _for_ Oxford. I have little doubt -that with all his merit, proved by the prior election into college, he -was put off with a Trinity scholarship; and it was not, probably, until -he arrived at Cambridge that he clearly understood its exact no-value. -He then saw that it was impossible to maintain himself there for three -years--he had already imprudently married, and therefore resolved to -struggle for himself, and rely on his father's interest to get ordained, -and at the proper age he succeeded in getting ordained. - - C. P. - - -ENGLISH MEDALS.--WILLIAM III. AND GRANDVAL. - -In "N. & Q.", (Vol. iv., p. 497.), S. H. alludes to the case of -Grandval, who was to attempt the life of King William, and likewise to -the plot to assassinate him four years afterwards. In my collection of -medals relating to English history, I have two silver medals struck to -commemorate these events. I beg to send you a description of them for -insertion, if you consider them of sufficient interest. - -No. I.--Bust to the right; flowing hair and ample drapery: legend, -"WILHELMINUS III., D. G. MAG. BRIT. FRANC. ET HIB. REX." Reverse, a -monument, or pedestal, on the top of which is the naked body of -Grandval, and a man about to dissect it; on each side is a fire-pot, to -burn the entrails, and pikes, on which the head and four quarters are -stuck; between two pikes, on the right, is a gibbet. An inscription in -Latin is on the pedestal to this effect: - - "Bartholomew de Grandval, a murderer, bribed by the money of - Louis, convicted of parricide, and suffered the most severe - punishment for having attempted to assassinate William III., King - of Great Britain; his head and quarters exposed to be a frightful - monument of his sacrilege, and of the perfidy of the French." - -Exergue: "XIII. Aug'st 1692." - -No. II.--Bust to the right; flowing hair: legend, "WILHELMUS III., D. G. -MAG. BRIT. FRANC. ET HIB. REX;" the breast and shoulders covered by half -of a shield, on which is written in Hebrew characters the name -"Jehovah," and round it, in Latin, thus "He whom I shield is safe." -Reverse: Six women, emblematical of Conspiracy, armed with daggers, -snakes, and torches, in dancing attitudes, ready to attempt the king's -life, and are withheld by cords issuing from a cloud, held by an -invisible hand, which encircle their necks and faces. The legend is to -this effect: "An invisible hand withholds them." Exergue: "1696, Boskam -F." - - W. D. HAGGARD. - - Bullion Office, Bank of England. - - -READINGS IN SHAKSPEARE, NO. I. - - "In the most high and palmy state of Rome, - A little ere the mightiest Julius fell, - The graves stood tenantless, and the sheeted dead - Did squeak and gibber in the Roman streets; - As stars with trains of fire and dews of blood, - Disasters in the sun; and the moist star, - Upon whose influence Neptune's empire stands, - Was pale almost to dooms-day with eclipse." - - _Hamlet_, Act I. Sc. 1. - -Such is the present state of the text; and notwithstanding its evident -corruption, it has been judiciously preferred by modern editors to the -various emendations and additions which, even to the manufacture of a -complete line alleged to be deficient, had been unscrupulously made in -it. - -But the slight change I now wish to propose, in the substance of one -word, and in the received sense of another, carries such entire -conviction to my own mind of accordance with the genuine intention of -Shakspeare, that I may perhaps be pardoned if I speak of it with less -hesitation than generally ought to accompany such suggestions, -particularly as I do not arrogate to myself its sole merit, but freely -relinquish to Malone so much of it as is his due. - -With Malone however the suggestion, such as it was, appears to have been -but a random guess, abandoned as soon as formed, and avowedly prompted -by very different considerations from those that have actuated me. That -he should have been on the very brink, as it were, of the true reading, -and yet fail to discover it, is only to be accounted for by his -subjection to that besetting sin of the day which denied to Shakspeare -all philological knowledge except what he might derive through his own -language. - -In order to give Malone strict justice, I shall transcribe his -suggestion, together with the comment by which Steevens appears to have -stifled it in the birth:-- - - "The disagreeable recurrence of the word stars in the second line - induces me to believe that As stars, in that which precedes, is a - corruption. Perhaps Shakspeare wrote:-- - - _Astres_ with trains of fire-- - ----and dews of blood - _Disasterous_ dimm'd the sun. - - The word _astre_ is used in an old collection of poems entitled - _Diana_, addressed to the Earl of Oxenforde, a book of which I - know not the date, but believe it was printed about 1580. In - _Othello_ we have _antres_, a word of exactly a similar - formation."--_Malone._ - - "The word _astre_ (which is nowhere else to be found) was - affectedly taken from the French by John Southern, author of the - poems cited by Mr. Malone. This wretched plagiarist stands - indebted both for his verbiage and his imagery to - Ronsard."--_Steevens._ - -Hence, according to Malone's own account, the consideration by which -_he_ was led to the suggestion of "astres" was "the disagreeable -recurrence of _stars_ in the second line." - -He did not perceive the analogy between _aster_ and _disaster_, which -renders a verbal antithesis of these two words so extremely probable -with Shakspeare!--he did not apparently think of "asters" at all, -although that word is so close to the text that it may be almost said to -be identical with it; and, notwithstanding that "aster" had been so long -familiarised in every English garden as to be literally under his nose, -he must search out "astre" in obscure and contemptible ballads, in order -that Shakspeare might be sanctioned in the use of it. - -But it is absolutely incredible that any person to whom _astre_ -suggested itself should not also be reminded of _aster_. The conclusion -therefore is almost unavoidable, that Malone and Steevens considered the -latter word as too learned for poor Shakspeare's small acquirements. -They would not trust him, even for a synonyme to star, unless under the -patronage of John Southern! - -At least such was the spirit in which too many of the commentators of -that day presumed to treat Shakspeare,--him to whom, if to any mortal, -his own beautiful language is applicable-- - - "How noble in reason! how infinite in faculty! - In apprehension how like a god!" - -Let us be thankful we have fallen to better times. - -It is only by the occurrence of such difficulties as the present, which, -after remaining so long obscure, are at last only resolvable by -presupposing in Shakspeare a depth of knowledge far exceeding that of -his triflers, that his wonderful and almost mysterious attainments are -beginning to be appreciated. - -In the present case he must not only have known that the fundamental -meaning of _aster_ is a spot of light[1], but he must also have taken -into consideration the power of _dis_ in producing an absolute reversal -in the meaning of the word to which it may be prefixed. Thus, _service_ -is a benefit, _disservice_ is an injury, while _unservice_ (did such a -word exist) would be a negative mean between the two extremes. -Similarly, if _aster_ signify a spot of light, a name singularly -appropriate to a comet, _disaster_[2] must, by reversal, be a _spot of -darkness_, and "_disasters in the sun_" no other than what we should -call spots or maculae upon his disk. - - [Footnote 1: [Greek: Aster], ab [Greek: ao], luceo.] - - [Footnote 2: [Greek: Anasteros], obscurus.] - -Can there remain a doubt, therefore, that Shakspeare intended the -passage to read as follows, which, requiring neither addition nor -alteration of the text as transmitted to us--saving one slight change of -"as stars" into "asters,"--must be perfectly intelligible to every -reader, especially if accompanied by the simple note of explanation -which I subjoin to it:-- - - "In the most high and palmy state of Rome, - A little ere the mightiest Julius fell, - The graves stood tenantless, and the sheeted dead - Did squeak and gibber in the Roman streets - Asters with trains of fire and dews of blood, - Disasters in the sun[3], and the moist star - Upon whose influence Neptune's empire stands, - Was sick almost to dooms-day with eclipse." - - [Footnote 3: Spots or blotches.] - - A. E. B. - - Leeds. - - -FOLK LORE. - -_Salting a New-born Infant._--In Ezekiel xvi. 4 we read, "In the day -thou wast born thy navel was not cut, neither wast thou washed in water -to supple thee; _thou wast not salted at all_, nor swaddled at all." -Salting seems to be spoken of as a regular part of the process which a -new-born child underwent amongst the Jews in the days of Ezekiel. Can -any one give me information on this point? Can the salt in baptism -alluded to by SELEUCUS (Vol. iv., p. 163.) have any connexion with this -passage? - - ALFRED GATTY. - -_Lent Crocking._--The children in this neighbourhood have a custom of -going round to the different houses in the parish, on the Monday before -Shrove Tuesday, generally by twos and threes, and chanting the following -verses, by way of extracting from the inmates sundry contributions of -eggs, flour, butter, halfpence, &c., to furnish out the Tuesday's feast: - - "Lent Crock, give a pancake, - Or a fritter, for my labour, - Or a dish of flour, or a piece of bread, - Or what you please to render. - I see by the latch, - There's something to catch; - I see by the string, - There's a good dame within. - Trap, trapping throw, - Give me my mumps, and I'll be go" [gone]. - -The above is the most popular version, and the one indigenous to the -place; but there is another set, which was introduced some few years ago -by a late schoolmistress, who was a native of another part of the -county, where her version was customary: - - "Shrove-tide is nigh at hand, - And we are come a-shroving; - Pray, Dame, give something, - An apple, or a dumpling, - Or a piece of crumple cheese, - Of your own making; - Or a piece of pancake. - Trip, trapping, throw; - Give me my mumps, and I'll be go." - - PHILIP HEDGELAND. - - Bridestowe, Okehampton. - -_Devonshire Superstition respecting Still-born Children._--One of the -Commissioners of Devonport complaining last week that a charge of one -shilling and sixpence should have been made upon the parish authorities -for the grave and interment of a still-born child, said, "When I was a -young man it was thought lucky to have a still-born child put into any -open grave, as it was considered to be a sure passport to heaven for the -next person buried there." Query, Is this prejudice still common? - - R. R. - - -GOLDSMITH'S PAMPHLET ON THE COCK LANE GHOST. - -Mr. Prior (_Life of Goldsmith_, vol. i. p. 387.) gives the copy of a -receipt dated March 5, 1762, for three guineas paid by Newbery to -Goldsmith for a pamphlet respecting the Cock Lane ghost, and suggests -that a pamphlet advertised in the _Public Advertiser_ of February 22, -1762, under the title of-- - - "The Mystery Revealed, containing a Series of Transactions and - Authentic Memorials respecting the Supposed Cock Lane Ghost. - Printed for W. Bristow in St. Paul's Church Yard;" - -but which Mr. Prior had not been able to meet with, might possibly be -the pamphlet purchased by Newbery, as he had occasional connexion with -Bristow, his neighbour. - -I have a copy of the pamphlet in question which indeed, as far as I can -find, is the only one published at the time which can at all answer to -the description of the one sold by Newbery. On a careful examination I -am disposed to attribute it to Goldsmith. It contains thirty-four pages, -and gives a full narrative of this extraordinary imposture. The -beginning and conclusion, though evidently written in haste, are not -without marks of Goldsmith's serious and playful manner. The amount paid -seems to agree with Newbery's general scale of remuneration to -Goldsmith, the length of the pamphlet being considered; and the types -employed appear to be similar to those used in some of Newbery's -publications at the same period. On the whole I consider that in a new -edition of Goldsmith's works this pamphlet, which is additionally -interesting, as a record of a famous imposture, ought to find a place. - - JAS. CROSSLY. - - -Minor Notes. - -_Traditions of remote Periods through few Links_ (Vol. iv., p. -484.).--One evening, very soon after his accession, George IV. said that -he had done that morning an extraordinary thing, namely given (to Lord -Moira) _a garter_ which had been but once disposed of since the reign of -Charles II. This, considering that men (except in royal cases) never -obtain the garter when under age, and seldom till they are somewhat -advanced in life, seemed surprising; but his Majesty thus explained it. -Charles II. gave the garter to the Duke of Somerset in 1684; the duke -died at the end of 1748, and (Frederic, Prince of Wales, being alive) -his son, afterwards George III., received, a few days after, the vacant -garter as an _ordinary knight_, and though he subsequently became -sovereign, he always dated his rank in the Order from 1749; and when -George IV. succeeded as sovereign, his own stall, which was in fact that -of George III., was filled by Lord Moira. Thus it is certainly true that -two knights of the garter occupied the whole period between the reigns -of Charles II. and George IV. - -I may add on this same topic of tradition, that I had a grand-uncle born -early in the reign of Queen Anne, who was intimate with Pope, Swift, and -Arbuthnot, from 1730 to their respective deaths; he used to tell me -anecdotes of their society, about which I was, I dare say, at the age of -sixteen or seventeen, old enough to propose _Queries_, but not to make -_Notes_, which I much regret. - - C. - -_Preservation of Life at Sea._--On the road between Yarmouth and -Gorleston is a small obelisk or monument, with a device of a ship in a -storm, a rocket with a rope attached just passing over it. The -inscription on it may interest some of your readers: - - "In commemoration of the - 12th Feb. 1808, on which DAY, - directly eastward of this spot, - the FIRST LIFE was saved from - SHIPWRECK, by means of a rope - attach'd to a shot propelled - by the force of gunpowder - over the stranded vessel. - A method now universally - adopted, and to which at least - 1000 sailors of different nations - owe their preservation. - 1842." - - W. SPARROW SIMPSON, B.A. - -_Epigram_--written in consequence of Queen Elizabeth having dined on -board Sir Francis Drake's ship, on his return from circumnavigating the -globe: - - "Oh Nature! to old England still - Continue these mistakes; - Give us for all our _Kings_ such _Queens_, - And for our _Dux_ such _Drakes_." - - CLERICUS (D). - - - - -Queries. - - -Minor Queries. - -_Count Konigsmark._--Horace Walpole, in his _Reminiscences_, says -distinctly that Count Konigsmark, the admirer of the ill-fated Princess -Sophia Dorothea of Zelle, was the same person as the instigator of Mr. -Thynne's assassination. Sir E. Brydges, in his edition of Collins's -_Peerage_, on the other hand, calls them brothers. Which of these -writers is correct? The fact may not be important otherwise than as -giving us an instance (if Walpole be correct) of the righteous judgment -of heaven in visiting a murderer with such fearful retribution. I cannot -find what became of Konigsmark, after the murder of Mr. Thynne, in -1681-2. It is said in the _Harleian Miscellany_, that he was taken by -one of Monmouth's attendants, who seized him as he was going on -ship-board. The three actual assassins were, we know, executed; but it -is added, "by some foul play, Konigsmark, who had employed them, and -came over to England expressly to see they executed their bloody -commission, was acquitted." What was this foul play, and how came the -greatest villain of the four to escape? I have not the _State Trials_ to -refer to: that work may give some explanation. - -Walpole, who was familiar from childhood with the events of the courts -of the first three Georges, is likely to have been accurate as to the -identity of Konigsmark; but his occasional mistakes and -misrepresentations, as we are aware, have been frequently exposed by Mr. -Croker. - - J. H. MARKLAND. - -_"O Leoline! be absolutely just._"-- - - "O Leoline! be absolutely just, - Indulge no passion and betray no trust. - Never let man be bold enough to say - Thus and no farther shall my passion stray. - The first step past still leads us on to more, - And guilt proves fate which was but choice before." - -Who is the author of the above? - - H. B. C. - -_Lyte Family._--When did the Lyte family first settle at Lytes Carey, -Somersetshire? On what occasion, and by whom, was the _fleur de lis_ -added to their crest? And when did a part of the family alter the -spelling of the name from Lyte to Light? - -The family is an ancient one, and in the reign of Elizabeth of -considerable literary distinction. - - J. L. - -_Sir Walter Raleigh's Snuff-box._--What has become of Sir Walter -Raleigh's snuff-box? It was a favourite box, in constant use by the late -Duke of Sussex, and was knocked down at his sale for 6_l._ It is the box -out of which Raleigh took a pinch of snuff on the scaffold. - - L. H. L. T. - -"_Poets beware._"--Where are the following lines to be found: - - "Poets beware; never compare - Women to aught in earth or in air," &c. - - E. F. L. - -_Guanahani, or Cat Island._--Why is this small island, one of the Bahama -group, so called? It is supposed that cats of large size, and quite -wild, used to be shot on this island; but none of the many writers on -the West Indies have touched on Guanahani, or Cat Island. - - W. J. C. - - St. Lucia. - -_Wiggan, or Utiggan, an Oxford Student._--To assist in deciphering a MS. -I should be glad to know the name of a senior student of Christ Church, -Oxford, April, 1721, which seems to be Wiggan, Utiggan, or some such -like name. - - W. DN. - -_Prayers for the Fire of London._--When were the "Prayers for the Fire -of London" first introduced into the Book of Common Prayer, and when -were they discontinued? - -I have never seen them except in the Prayer Book prefixed to the Bibles -"Printed at the Theater, Oxford; and are to be sold by Peter Parker at -the Leg and Star in Cornhil. London MDCLXXXII." The Prayer Book bears -the same colophon. - - W. E. - -_Donkey._--An omission in our dictionaries of a curious kind is that of -the word _donkey_, which is not to be found in any that I know of. There -may, however, be doubts as to the antiquity of this term; I have heard -ancient men say that it has been introduced within their recollection. -What is its origin? Whence also the name "moke," commonly applied to -donkeys in and about London? Is the word used in other parts of England? - - C. W. G. - -_French and Italian Degrees._--Can you inform a young Englishman (of -good general knowledge, and possessing a thorough knowledge of the -French and Italian languages), who is desirous of obtaining a French or -Italian _degree_ as inexpensively as possible, how to proceed in order -to obtain the same, the expense, &c.? - - SEPTIMUS. - - Buntingford, Hertfordshire. - -_The Shadow of the Tree of Life._--Can any of your readers oblige me -with information respecting the author of a little book, the title of -which runs as follows:-- - - "[Greek: Pharmaka ouranothen]: The Shadow of the Tree of Life; or - a Discourse of the Divine Institution and most Effectual - Application of Medicinal Remedies, in order to the Preservation - and Restoration of Health, by J. M. London, 1673." - - S. (An Original Subscriber.) - -_Sun-dials._--The following is an inscription on a sun-dial on the wall -of a monastery, now suppressed, near Florence. I copied it on the spot -in 1841. - - "A. D. S. - Mia vita e il sol: Dell' uom la vita e Dio, - Senza esso e l'uom, qual senza sol son' io." - -What signification has A. D. S.? - - L. S. - -_Nouns always printed with Capital Initials._--P. C. S. S. is desirous -of information respecting the origin and subsequent disuse of the -practice which appears to have prevailed among printers in the last, and -towards the end of the preceding century, of beginning every -noun-substantive with a capital letter. It prevailed also, to a certain -extent, in books published in France and Holland during the same period; -but P. C. S. S. is not aware of any other European language in which it -was adopted. - - P. C. S. S. - -_John of Padua._--Who was this person, who in various accounts of Henry -VIII.'s time is styled "Deviser of his majesty's buildings?" Where was -he educated? and what were his works previous to his arrival in England? -He survived his royal master, and enjoyed the favour of the Protector -Somerset, who employed him to build his famous palace in the Strand. - -From a warrant dated 1544, printed in Rymer's _Foedera_, it appears that -_Johannes de Padua_ was a "musician" as well as an architect. - - EDWARD F. RIMBAULT. - -_St. Kenelm._--Can any of your readers inform me where the life or -legend of St. Kenelm, spoken of by Leland, in his _Itinerary_ and -_Collectanea_, may be seen, if it is now in existence. Leland says, in -speaking of the murder of Kenelm, in Clinte in Cowbage, near Winchelcumb -(now Winchcomb), Gloucestershire:-- - - "He (Averey parson of Dene) tolde me that it is in _S. Kenelme's - Lyfe_ that Ascaperius was married to Quendreda, &c. &c." - - "He sayth that it aperithe _by Seint Kenelme's Legend_ that - Winchelcombe was oppidum muro cinctum." - -What does Clinthe or Clent in Cowbage mean in the Anglo-Saxon? - - E. T. B. - - Hereford. - -_Church._--What is the derivation of this word? and if from the Greek, -how is it that it prevails only in the Teutonic countries (England, -Scandinavia, the Netherlands, and Germany), while the Latin Ecclesia -prevails in the rest of Europe? - - GEORGE STEPHENS. - - Copenhagen. - - -Minor Queries Answered. - -_Hieroglyphics of Vagrants and Criminals._--In one of the recent deeply -interesting Sanitary Reports of Mr. Rawlinson to the General Board of -Health--reports which frequently contain scraps of antiquarian, among a -mass of more directly utilitarian information--there is passage which -opens up a curious subject, upon which, possibly, some of your readers -may be able to furnish illustrations from their literary stores. I -allude to that portion of his Report on the Parish of Havant -(Southamptonshire), in which he states:-- - - "There is a sort of _blackguard's literature_, and the initiated - understand each other by slang terms, by pantomimic signs, and by - hieroglyphics. The vagrant's mark may be seen in Havant, on - corners of streets, on door-posts, and on house-steps. Simple as - these chalk lines appear, they inform the succeeding vagrants of - all they require to know; and a few white scratches may say 'be - importunate,' or 'pass on.' The murderer's signal is even - exhibited from the gallows; as, a red handkerchief held in the - hand of the felon about to be executed, is a token that he dies - without having betrayed any professional secrets." - -This is a curious subject; and I think it would prove interesting to -many readers, if any illustration could be afforded of the above strange -and somewhat startling statements. - - J. J. S. - - [Beloe, in his _Anecdotes of Literature_, vol. ii. pp. 146-157., - has left us some curious notices of this kind of vulgar - literature, of English pure and undefiled from the "knowledge box" - of Thomas Decker. But the most complete _Lexicon Balatronicum et - Macaronicum_ was published in 1754, enriched with many "a word not - in Johnson," and which leaves at a respectful distance the - glossorial labours of Spelman, Ducange, Junius, and even the - renowned Francis Grose and his _Classical Dictionary of the Vulgar - Tongue_. It is entitled _The Scoundrel's Dictionary_; or, an - Explanation of the Cant Words used by Thieves, Housebreakers, - Street Robbers, and Pickpockets. To which are prefixed some - Curious Dissertations on the Art of Wheedling; and a Collection of - Flash Songs, with a proper Glossary, 8vo., London, 1754.] - -_Muggleton and Reeve._--I wish to obtain some accurate information as to -John Reeve and Rodowick Muggleton, the founders of the sect called -Muggletonians, which appears to have been in existence up to the end of -the last century. Mr. Macaulay calls Muggleton "a drunken tailor," but -gives no reference. The article "Muggletonians" in the _Encyclopaedia -Britannica_ is extremely meagre, both in matter and length. Is there any -authentic portrait of Reeve or Muggleton? Any information on these -points, or indication as to where it may be found, will greatly oblige - - R. S. - - Highgate. - - [Our correspondent will find the information he requires in the - following works: "The New Witnesses proved Old Hereticks," by - William Penn, 4to. 1672. "A True Representation of the Absurd and - Mischievous Principles of the Sect commonly known by the name of - Muggletonians," 4to. 1694. Muggleton's Works, with his portrait, - 1756. "A Complete Collection of the Works of Reeve and Muggleton, - together with other Muggletonian Tracts," 3 vols. 4to. 1832. See - also Leslie's _Snake in the Grass_; Collier's _Historical - Dictionary_, Supplement; and _Gentleman's Mag._, vol. lxii. pt. i. - p. 218.] - -_Rev. T. Adams._--Can any particulars be noted of the Rev. Thomas Adams, -a preacher at Paul's Cross in 1612, besides those mentioned by the -editor of a _Selection from his Sermons_, published in 1847--the Rev. W. -H. Stowell. His works were printed in 1630 in a thick folio volume, but -some of them had previously appeared in small 4to., one such is in the -British Museum, and another I recollect seeing at a bookseller's. I -should much like to have a list and some account of these 4to. editions. - - S. FY. - - [Thomas Adams, D.D., was minister at Willington, in Bedfordshire, - and afterwards rector of St. Bennet's, Paul's Wharf. According to - Newcourt (_Repertorium_, i. 302.), "he was sequestered for his - loyalty in the late rebellion, and was esteemed an excellent - preacher; but died before the Restoration." The following Sermons - by him were all published in 4to.: those distinguished by an - asterisk are in the British Museum, the others in the Bodleian. 1. - The Gallant's Burden; a Sermon on Isa. xxi. 11, 12., 1612. 2. - Heaven and Earth Reconciled: on Dan. xii. 3., preached at Bedford - at the Visitation of M. Eland, Archdeacon, 1613. *3. The Diuell's - Banquet, described in Six Sermons, 1614. 4. England's Sickness - comparatively conferred with Israel's; in Two Sermons on Jer. - viii. 22., 1615. 5. The Two Sonnes; or the Dissolute conferred - with the Hypocrite; on Matt. xxi. 28., 1615. 6. The Leaven, or a - Direction to Heaven, on Matt. xiii. 33. p 97. ibid. *7. The - Spiritual Navigator bound for the Holy Land, preached at - Cripplegate on Trinity Sunday, 1615. 8. The Sacrifice of - Thankfulness, on Ps. cxviii. 27., whereunto are annexed five other - Sermons never before printed, 1616. 9. Diseases of the Sovle: a - Discourse Divine, Morall, and Physicall, 1616. *10. The Happiness - of the Church; being the Summe of Diverse Sermons preached at St. - Gregorie's, 1618.] - -_The Archbishop of Spalatro_ (Vol. iv., pp. 257. 295.).--Who were the -English bishops, at whose consecration Antonius de Dominis assisted in -Lambeth Chapel? - - AGRIPPA. - - [On December 14, 1617, Mark Spalatro assisted as a prelate at the - consecration of Nicholas Felton, Bishop of Bristol, and George - Monteigne, Bishop of Lincoln. See a list of the consecrations from - the Lambeth Registers in Perceval's _Apology for the Doctrine of - Apostolical Succession_, Appendix, p. 183.] - -_Bishop Bridgeman._--Will you direct me to the best means of obtaining -answers to the following questions:-- - -John Bridgeman, fellow and tutor of Magdalen Coll. Camb., was admitted -_ad eundem_ at Oxford, July 4, 1600; and consecrated Bishop of Chester, -May, 1619. The points of inquiry are-- - -1. When was the said John Bridgeman entered at Cambridge? - -2. When and where was he born? - -3. Who and what were his parents? - - C. J. CLAY, B.A. (Trin. Coll. Camb.) - - [Leycester, in his _Cheshire_, says, "Bishop Bridgeman was the son - of Thomas Bridgeman of Greenway in Devonshire," but other - authorities make him a native of Exeter. Prince (_Worthies of - Devon_, p. 99.) says, "He was born in the city of Exeter, not far - from the palace-gate there, of honest and gentile parentage. His - father was Edmund Bridgeman, sometime high-sheriff of that city - and county, A.D. 1578. Who his mother was I do not find." In - Wood's _Fasti_, vol. i. p. 286. Mr. Bliss has the following note: - "John Bridgman, natus erat Exoniae. Vid. Izaak's _Antiq. of - Exeter_, p. 156. S.T.P. Cant. Coll. Magd. an. 1612. Vid. Prynne's - _Antipathy_, p. 290., and _Worthies of Devon_, BAKER." Ormerod - (_Hist. of Cheshire_, i. 79.) says, "He was the compiler of a - valuable work relating to the ecclesiastical history of the - diocese, now deposited in the episcopal registry, and usually - denominated Bishop Bridgeman's _Leger_." For other particulars - respecting him, consult Walker's _Sufferings of the Clergy_, Part - II. p. 10.; Ackermann's _Cambridge_, vol. ii. p 160.; Prynne's - _New Discovery of the Prelate's Tyranny_, pp. 91. 108. 218.; and - Cole's MSS. vol. xxvii. p. 218.] - -_Rouse, the Scottish Psalmist._--Can any of your readers favour me with -some particulars of the life of Rouse, the author of the Scottish -metrical version of the Psalms? His name does not appear in any of the -biographical dictionaries I have had an opportunity of consulting. From -some historical scraps this version had come into the hands of the -Westminster Assembly of Divines--was afterwards transmitted by them to -the General Assembly of the Kirk of Scotland, who appointed -commissioners, &c., for consideration--and was, on 23rd Nov. 1649, -sanctioned by the General Assembly, and any other version discharged -from being used in the Kirk or its families. Notwithstanding some -doggerel interspersed, the version is allowed to be distinguished for a -sweet easy simplicity, and well suited to the devotional purpose -intended. Rouse evidently was considerably endowed with the _vis -poetica_; and it is to be regretted, that he who has rendered such -important service to our national church, should not be known more than -by name; at least, this is the predicament in which I stand, along with -a few friends, whose notice has been incidentally drawn to the subject. - - G. N. - - Glasgow, Jan. 9. 1852. - - [Our correspondent will find an interesting account of Francis - Rouse and his metrical version in Holland's _Psalmists of - Britain_, vol. ii. pp. 31-38.] - -"_Count Cagliostro, or the Charlatan, a tale of the Reign of Louis -XVI._"--I remember of having read, somewhere about the year 1838-9, a -novel of this name; and having inquired frequently for it since, never -heard of one. Can any of your correspondents tell me who wrote it? - - S. WMSON. - - [This work is in three volumes. We have seen it attributed to T. - A. James.] - -_Churchyard Well and Bath._--Whilst making a short antiquarian excursion -in the county of Norfolk last autumn, I visited the ancient church at -East Dereham. Amongst other features of interest which this fine church -displays, may be enumerated its massive bell tower, _detached_ from the -sacred edifice, on the S.E. of the chancel; and a rude building, to the -west of the building, also detached, on the western front of which is -the following inscription: - - "This bath - was erected in the year - 1793, - in part by voluntary subscriptions, for public benefit, - on the ruins of a tomb which contained the remains of - WITHBURGA, - youngest daughter of - ANNAS, - king of the East Angles, - who died A.D. 654. - The abbot and monks of Ely - stole this precious relique - and translated it to Ely Cathedral, - where it was interred near her three royal sisters, - A.D. 974." - -The sexton informed me that the abbot and monks of Ely made this bath, -or well, to recompense the good people of Dereham for the loss they had -sustained by the removal of the bones. It is yet used as a bath, both by -residents and strangers, the supply of water being very plentiful, and -delightfully clear. The water rises under an arch of the Early English, -or Early Decorated period. I shall be glad of any notes upon this, or -similar baths, in any other churchyards. - - W. SPARROW SIMPSON, B.A. - - [This bath appears to have been formerly used as a baptistery, - which in the early British churches was erected outside of the - western entrance, where it continued until the sixth century, if - not later (Bingham, book viii. c. vii.). Blomefield, in his - _History of Norfolk_, vol. v. p. 1190. fol. 1775., has the - following notices of this building: "At the west end of the - churchyard are the ruins of a very ancient baptistery, over which - was formerly a small chapel, dedicated to St. Withburga. At the - east end of the baptistery there is now remaining a curious old - Gothic arch, from which runs a spring of clear water, formerly - said to have had many medicinal and healing qualities. The - fabulous account is, that this spring took its rise in the - churchyard from the place where St. Withburga was first buried. In - the year 1752 it was arched over, and converted into a cold bath." - In the notices of the early churches of Cornwall, Wales, and - Ireland, frequent mention is made of these baptisteries or holy - wells, which we do not remember to have seen fully discussed in - any work, and of which some account would be interesting alike to - the divine, the topographer, and the antiquary. The learned - Leland, in his _Itinerary_, iii. 30., in a description of Falmouth - harbour, says, "there is a praty village or fishar town with a - pere, cawlid S. Maws [Machutus], and there is a chapelle of hym, - and his chaire of stone, and his _welle_." Again, speaking of the - church of St. Germochus in Cornwall, he says, "it is three miles - from S. Michael's Mont by est south est, and a mile from the se; - his tomb is yet seene ther. S. Germoke ther buried. S. Germoke's - chair in the chirch-yard. S. Germoke's _welle_ a little without - the chirch-yard." (_Itin._ iii. 16.) Some further notices of these - holy wells will be found in _The Chronicles of the Ancient British - Church_, pp. 136-140.] - - - - -Replies. - - -COLLARS OF SS. - -(Vol. iv., pp. 147. 236. 456.) - -I communicate the following names and dates of the death, and in some -instances bare notices of the monumental effigies, of bearers of the -various collars of SS., which may be found in Bloxam's _Monumental -Architecture_, Boutell's _Monumental Brasses_, Cotman's _Sepulchral -Brasses_, Gough's _Sepulchral Monuments_, and Hollis's _Monumental -Effigies_. - -I trust that the excellent example set by G. J. R. G., in making known -the existence of two of these collars on a tomb in his own neighbourhood -will be extensively followed by the readers of "N. & Q." - -1. An effigy on a tomb in Tanfield church, co. York, commonly ascribed -to Robert of Marmion, who probably died in the time of Henry III. or -Edward I. - -2. An effigy on a tomb in Gloucester cathedral, vulgarly called that of -Humphrey Bohun, Earl of Hereford, who died in 1367. - -3. The effigy of William Wilcotes, in Northleigh church, co. Oxon, who -died in 1411. - -4. and 5. Sir Thomas Peryent and his wife, in Digswell church, co. -Herts. He was esquire-at-arms to Richard II., Henry IV. and V., and -Master of the Horse to Joan of Navarre, 1415. - -6. Sir William Calthorpe, in Burnham church, co. Norfolk, 1420. - -7. Edwardus de la Hale, in Oakwood chapel, near Shene, in co. Surrey, -died in 1421. - -8. Sir Humphrey Stafford, at Bromsgrove, co. Worcester. He was slain by -Cade, at Seven-Oaks, 28 Henry VI., 1450. - -9. An effigy of a man, in plated armour, in Bakewell church, co. Derby. - -10. An effigy of a woman at Dudley, co. Worcester. - -11. An effigy of a man in Selby abbey, co. York. - - LLEWELLYN. - -_Collar of SS._ (Vol. iv., p. 147.).--In answer to the request of MR. E. -FOSS, respecting effigies having a collar of SS., I beg to inform you -that in the church of St. Lawrence, Isle of Thanet, is a brass of -Nicholas Manston, Esq., A.D. 1444, who wears the above decoration. Near -St. Lawrence, is the hamlet of Manston, in which is an old farmhouse -called Manston Court, attached to which are the ruins of a chapel. - -Query: Who was Nicholas Manston? - - CANTOR. - - -ON THE FIRST, FINAL, AND SUPPRESSED VOLUME OF THE ONLY EXPURGATORY INDEX -OF ROME. - -(Vol. iv., p. 440.; Vol. v., p. 33.) - -Receiving the "N. & Q." only in monthly parts, I was, till last week, -unacquainted with the article of your correspondent U. U., from -Baltimore. This ignorance, however, has been attended with the advantage -of the very decisive information on the matter of inquiry by B. B., as -far as the Bodleian Library, Oxford, is concerned. I am relieved by it -from the necessity of describing more particularly the copy of the -first, and Roman, Expurgatory of 1607; for the copy in my possession -_agrees exactly_ in title with that of the Bodleian. Of the genuineness -of the latter, the proof is as demonstrative as anything historical can -be. I have the same assurance of the genuineness of mine. It was in the -possession of the celebrated and intelligent collector, J. G. Michiels, -as his autograph, with the year 1755 attached, testifies. The title, as -given in my _Literary Policy_, has indeed a trifling error in -punctuation, whether my own or the printer's, but from simple oversight, -as in some cases _fas est obrepere somnum_. There was, however, and -could be, no error as to the meaning of Brasichellen., of which -Catalani, besides others, had given me information sufficiently correct -in his _De Magistro S. Pal._ - -These observations will not, however, satisfy the _want_ of your -transatlantic correspondent so completely as I trust I am enabled, and -shall be much pleased to do; for I have likewise the celebrated -_counterfeit_, of which I have given an ample account in my forecited -volume; and the _difference_ between it and the original is sensibly -evident on a _synoptical comparison_. But other marks, where this is -impracticable, may be adduced; and in the title itself, without -depending upon the _minutiae_ of punctuation, and without any reference -to the _figures_ in the frontispiece, which are plainly not the same -impression, in both copies, the last line, SVPERIORVM PERMISSV, which, -in the _genuine_ book measures 2-1/2 inches, in the counterfeit measures -2-1/5; therefore, shorter by 3/10. In the _body_ of the work, in the -counterfeit the letter-press occupies more space than the genuine. Taken -at a venture (and a right-hand page is preferred, because the _number_ -of the page, and the _catchword_, come in one perpendicular line), I -examined p. 163. The _height_ in the genuine is 5-1/5 inches; in the -counterfeit 5-4/5; the increase, 3/5. The _width_ of the page appears to -be in proportion. In the _preliminary matter_ of the genuine copy the -_De Correctione_ ends with the line, "eos corrigere, atque purgare." The -counterfeit varies. The last unnumbered page, indeed, the terminating -line, of what is prefatory, is, "Palatio Apostolico anno salutis 1607." -The counterfeit here likewise varies. - -I have another volume closely identical; of which, because it is far -from common, I will give the title entire. It is well known, but not -easily detected: - - "INDEX - LIBRORUM - EXPURGANDORUM, - _In quo_ - Quinquaginta Authorum Libri prae - caeteris desiderati emendantur. - Per - FRANC. JO. MARIAM - BRASICHELLEN, - Sacri Palatii Apostolici Magistrum in unum Corpus - redactus, - & publicae Commoditati - aeditus - EDITIO SECUNDA, - Multorum desiderio juxta Exemplare - Romanum Typis mandata. - _SUPERIORUM PERMISSU._ - Pedeponti - vulgo - STADT AM HOF - Sumptibus JOANNIS GLASTL, Bibliopolae - Anno 1745." - -Previously it may be as well to observe, that Stadt am Hof is a town -bordering on the imperial city of Ratisbon, at or near _the court_, and -Latinized Pedepons as being at the foot of the bridge over the Danube at -that part. This book is evidently the identical counterfeit before -described, with the _mask cast aside_ by a _new title-page_, and _newly -printed_ prefatory matter, in consequence of a proposal fairly and -literally to _reprint_ the first genuine Roman edition. I will just -mention one proof of the identity of this and the previous copy in the -_body_ of the book. It occurs in the last line of p. 239., where the -word Iunij has a stroke, _by fault of the type_, immediately after the -word, thus Iunij[|]; and this is found in both. This is an accidental -coincidence, not to be classed with the purposed retention of false -spelling. - -The Bergomi edition of 1608 is not in my possession; but I am well -acquainted with it by actual inspection. My first sight of it was -afforded by my friend the Rev. Richard Gibbings, who has published a new -edition of it, with an elaborate and very finished preface, in 1837.[4] -I have likewise seen it at Mr. Pickering's, a copy which I presume came -from the dispersed library of the late Rev. H. F. Lyte. _That_ in the -Bodleian I did not feel it necessary to examine. I do, however, possess, -though not the original, a very correct, as appears, _fac-simile_ of -that volume, whether it was intended as a counterfeit or not. The title, -without any addition, agrees _exactly_ with that of the original, as -given by your Oxford correspondent. I conclude it to be not the -original, from a distinct recollection that the engraving on the -title-page there is more rude and broken than in my copy; and, in the -body of the work, some parts do not perfectly agree with Mr. Gibbings's -reprint, not in the contents of the _pages_, in some instances in the -middle portion, and in the frequent substitution of the _m_ and _n_ for -the superscript bar, signifying one or other of those letters. My copy -likewise is bound together in vellum, with the _Notitia Ind. Lib. -Expurg. of Zobelius, Altorfii_, 1745. And, by the bye, I should like to -know whether, and where, there is another copy of that treatise of -eighty pages in England? - - [Footnote 4: Copies may be had at Mr. Petheram's, 94. High - Holborn, London.] - -I am happy in the present opportunity of recommending to the attention -of such students as U. U. in the New World, a work of so much real value -and interest as Mr. Gibbings's edition of the Bergomi edition of the -_Brasichellian Index_; and flatter myself that, by their aid and -example, an end will be put in the mother country to the incorrigible -though simple practice of calling every catalogue of condemned books -_expurgatory_, when the accuracy of the title, as far as Rome is -concerned, hangs upon the single thread of one imperfect and withdrawn -instance; the not easily numbered remainder being exclusively and -expressly _prohibitory_. - -The reason for the _suppression_ of the work here examined is, in part -at least, correctly expressed by Papebrochius: - - "Nec _porro processum in opere reliquo_, quod mox apparuit futurum - seminarium litium infinitarum, quibus sustinendis nec unus, nec - plures forent pares, quantavis auctoritate subnixi." - - J. MENDHAM. - - -THE FIRST PAPER-MILL IN ENGLAND, AND PAPER-MILL NEAR STEVENAGE. - -(Vol. ii., p. 473.; Vol. iii., p. 187.) - -DR. RIMBAULT, in his Note "On the First Paper-Mill in England," after -alluding to the errors of various writers on the subject, adds, "In -_Bartholomeus de Proprietatibus Rerum_, printed by Wynkyn de Worde in -1495, mention is made of a paper-mill near Stevenage, in the county of -Hertford, belonging to John Tate the younger, which was undoubtedly the -'mylne' visited by Henry VII." Now this statement itself needs -correction. The English translation of the work of Bartholomeus (De -Glanvilla) informs us merely of the fact of John Tate the younger having -lately _in England_ made the paper which was used for the printing of -this book. The lines, which occur at the end of the volume, are as -follows: - - "And also of your charyte call to remembraunce - The soule of William Caxton, first prynter of this boke - In Laten tonge at Coleyn [Cologne] hysself to avaunce, - That every well-disposed man may theron loke: - And JOHN TATE the younger joye mote [may] he broke, - Which late hathe in Englond doo make this paper thynne, - That now in our Englysshe this boke is printed inne." - -A rare poem, an early specimen of blank verse, entitled _A Tale of Two -Swannes_, written by William Vallans (who was, I believe, a native of -Ware), and printed in 1590, supplies us with the information that the -mill belonging to John Tate was situated at Hertford. One of the notes -in the poem states that, "in the time of Henry VIII., viz. 1507, there -was a paper-mill at Hertford, and belonged to John Tate, whose father -was Mayor of London." The author, however, is here mistaken in his -chronology, as Henry VIII. did not begin to reign till 1509. The extract -from the privy purse expenses of Henry VII., under the date of May 25, -1498, "for rewards geven at the Paper Mylne, 16s 8d," most clearly has -reference to this particular mill, as the entry immediately preceding -shows that the king went to Hertford two days before, viz. on the 23rd -of May. - -In answer to HERTFORDIENSIS, who asks for information as to its site, I -quote a passage from Herbert's edition of Ames's _Typographical -Antiquities_, under the description of the work of Bartholomeus, printed -by Wynkyn de Worde. Herbert says, vol. i. p. 201.:-- - - "I have been informed that this mill was where Seel, or Seal Mill - is now, at the end of Hertford town, towards Stevenage; and that - an adjoining meadow is still called Paper-mill Mead. This Seel - Mill, so denominated from the adjoining hamlet, was erected in the - year 1700; and is noted for being the first that made the finest - flour, known by the name of _Hertfordshire White_. It stands upon - the river Bean, in the middle of three acres of meadow land, - called Paper-mill Mead, so denominated in the charter of King - Charles I. to the town of Hertford for the fishery of a certain - part of that river. Hence, perhaps, some have thought it was at - Stevenage, but there is no water for a mill at or even near that - place." - -The French authorities are particularly unhappy on the subject of the -introduction of the art of paper-making in England. According to the -_Dictionnaire de la Conversation_, "la premiere manufacture, etablie a -_Gertford_ en Angleterre, est de 1588;" while the _Encyclopedie des Gens -du Monde_ asserts that "la premiere patererie de chiffons qu'eu notre -pays fut etablie en 1312; celle d'Angleterre en 1388." - - A. GRAYAN. - - -THE PENDULUM DEMONSTRATION. - -(Vol. iv., pp. 129. 177. 235. 277.) - -Since my last communication on this subject (Vol. iv., p. 235.) I have -been engaged in examining the theory, and the experiments connected with -it, somewhat more closely; and, in the meanwhile, I abstain from -replying to the last observations of A. E. B. (Vol. iv., p. 277.) - -A. E. B. says it was "uncourteous" in me to call the theory which he put -forward _his_ theory. I beg pardon for the offence. I intended by the -expression merely to indicate the particular theory which he advocated. -I believe its author is M. Chesles. The theory in question is: - - "That the variation of the pendulum's plane is due to the excess - of velocity with which one extremity of the line of oscillation - may be affected more than the other." - -I ventured to pronounce this to be untenable, and begged A. E. B. to -"reduce it to paper." Upon this he remarked: - - "H. C. K. is surely not so unphilosophical as to imagine that a - theory, to be true, must be palpable to the senses. If the element - of increase exist at all, however imperceptible in a single - oscillation, repetition of effect must eventually make it - observable. But I shall even gratify H. C. K., and inform him, - that the difference in linear circumference between two such - parallels in the latitude of London, would be about 50 feet; so - that the northern end of a 10 feet rod, placed horizontally in the - meridian, would travel less by that number of feet in twenty-four - hours, than the southern end. This, so far from being inadequate, - is greatly _in excess_ of the alleged apparent motion in the place - of the pendulum's vibration." - -I think, if A. E. B. will reconsider this opinion, he will find that, so -far from being "greatly in excess," it is inadequate to account for the -amount of apparent motion of the plane of the pendulum. For the onward -motion of the plane of a 2 sec. pendulum, describing a circle of 10 feet -diameter in twenty-four hours, amounts to .0087 inch at each beat; 50 -feet will be the difference in the distance the two extremities of the -arc of vibration will travel in twenty-four hours; that is, .0138 inch -in 2 seconds of time: but this is for a difference of 10 feet; -therefore, for 5 feet, the distance from the centre, it is .0069 inch; -whereas the arc described is .0087 inch, which is absurd. - -However, there is another equally fatal objection to this theory, -founded on experiment; to make which objection good, I will not merely -adduce the result of my own, but that of certain experiments carried out -at Paris, which place the matter beyond a doubt. In the Pantheon, at -Paris, there is a pendulum of the length of 230 feet, by means of which -experiments can be made under the most favourable conditions possible as -regards suspension, exclusion of currents of air, &c. &c. While -witnessing the trials that were being made, a relation of mine requested -that the pendulum might be set to oscillate east and west; and the -result was, that the arc described after an interval of ten minutes, was -the same as that described when the pendulum was oscillating north and -south. - -To return to the original theory. I stated formerly that I had no faith -in the experiments which had been published. I now repeat that I believe -all the experiments that have been made, with the view of showing the -rotation of the earth, and the independence of the pendulum of that -rotation, are inconclusive; and for the following reason, _the -impossibility of obtaining perfect suspension_. Even in a still -atmosphere, and with a pendulum formed of the rigid rod and a "bob," the -axis of both of which shall be precisely in a line with the point of -suspension; yet, until suspension can be effected on a mathematical -point, and all torsion and local attraction got rid of, the pendulum -will not continue to swing _in the same plane_ for many consecutive -beats; because the _slightest_ disturbance will cause the "bob" to -describe an ellipse; and, by a well-known law, the major axis of that -ellipse will go on advancing in the direction of the revolution. This -advance is by regular intervals; and my belief, founded on my own -experiments, is, that the astonished spectators at the Polytechnic -Institution, while intently watching, as they believed, the rotation of -the earth made visible, were watching merely a weight suspended by a -cord, which, disturbed from the plane in which it was set to oscillate, -was describing a series of ellipses on the table, very pretty to look -at, but having no more to do with the rotation of the earth than the -benches on which they were sitting. - -At the same time, however, that I assert the inefficacy of any -experiments with the pendulum as tending to show the earth's rotation, I -admit that, provided a pendulum could be made to preserve its plane of -oscillation for twenty-four hours, it would oscillate independently of -the rotation of the earth, and actually describe a circle round a fixed -table in that interval. The _mathematical proof_ of this proposition is -of a most abstruse nature; so much so, indeed, that it is understood to -have been relinquished by one of our ablest mathematicians. But that it -is likely to be true, and one not difficult to comprehend, I think I can -show to A. E. B.'s satisfaction in a few lines. - -If a pendulum be placed at one of the poles of the earth, it is obvious, -that while it swings in one plane, the revolution of the earth beneath -it will cause it to appear to describe a complete circle in twenty-four -hours. This position is simple enough, but it is true also in any -latitude, excepting near the equator. For there is no doubt, that, as -gravity acts on the pendulum, _only in the line which joins the point of -suspension and the centre of the earth_ (thereby merely drawing the -"bobs" towards that line) it can have no effect on the _plane_ of -oscillation; for the line of gravitation remains unchanged with respect -to the pendulum, during a whole revolution of the earth on its axis. -Take a map of a hemisphere, and on any parallel, say 60 [degrees] of -latitude, draw three pendulums, extended as in motion, with their -centres of gravity directed toward the earth's centre, one on each -extremity of the parallel of latitude, and one midway between the two; -extend the "bobs" of the first two north and south, and those of the -middle one east and west. Number them 1, 2, and 3, from the westward. It -will then be observed that the _plane of oscillation_ of the three -pendulums, thus placed, is one and the same--that of the _plane of the -paper_; and moreover, that the lower "bob," which is south at No. 1., is -west at No. 2., and north at No. 3. By this it will be evident, that the -revolution of the pendulum will be through the whole circle, or 360 -[degrees] in twenty-four hours, at all points of the earth's surface, -excepting near the equator; _the line joining the "bobs"_ remaining in a -parallel plane. - -I say, excepting near the equator; for it will be seen on looking -closely at the above illustration (which would be better on a globe) -that the three pendulums are not _strictly_ in the same, or even a -parallel plane; inasmuch as the plane of oscillation must pass through -the point of suspension, _and the centre of the earth_. But still the -pendulum has _a tendency to remain_ in a parallel plane, as nearly as -the figure of the earth will allow,--the chord of the arc of oscillation -remaining in a plane parallel to itself. It will be seen that, as we -approach the equator, the plane of oscillation is forced from its -parallelism more and more, until, _on_ the equator, it has no tendency -to return, as all planes are there the same with reference to the centre -of the earth. - -I may add that there is a variation of the above theory, which has found -many advocates, viz. that the pendulum will make the complete revolution -in a period _varying_ from twenty-four hours at the poles, to infinity -at the equator; varying, that is, as the sine of the latitude. This -seems, _a priori_, not so likely as the former, while it equally wants -mathematical proof. - - H. C. K. - - ---- Rectory, Hereford. - - -THE CROSS AND THE CRUCIFIX. - -(Vol. v., p. 39.) - -Your space precludes controversy: but the communication in Number 115. -from W. DN. requires an explanation from me; which I give the more -readily as it may perhaps serve to throw further light on a curious -inquiry. A correspondent in a former Number (Vol. iv., p. 422.) -questioned the correctness of an assertion by the Hon. MR. CURZON, that -"the crucifix was not known before the fourth or fifth century, though -the cross was always the emblem of the Christian faith." I ventured to -sustain MR. CURZON'S view (Vol. iv., p. 485.) by referring to -authorities for the fact, that the idea of ignominy associated with that -peculiar form of execution had long prevented the cross from being -adopted as a symbol of Christ's passion; that the actual representation -of the crucifixion itself was still more repulsive, and much later in -its admission into the early churches; that allegory was in consequence -resorted to, in order to evade the literal delineation of the Saviour's -death, which was typified by a lamb bleeding at the foot of a cross; and -that when invention had become exhausted, and inert in the production of -these emblems, the Church, in the seventh century at the -_Quini-sextile_, or _Council in Trullo_, had "ordered that _fiction and -allegory should cease, and the real figure of the Saviour be depicted on -the tree_." (The words in Italics are my own, and were not given as a -quotation.) - -W. DN. in Number 115. (Vol. v., p. 39.) does not question the main -conclusion sought to be established, but takes exception to my reference -to the Council in Trullo as irrelevant, and says, "should your readers -turn to the canons of that council, they would be disappointed at -finding nothing about the cross;" whence he infers, that I have been -"led into a singular mistake." But the mistake, I apprehend, is on the -part of W. DN. himself, who evidently has not read the council in -question, else he would have found, so far from its canons containing -"nothing about the cross," one, the 73rd, is devoted exclusively to the -cross, whilst the 82nd is given to the crucifix. The 73rd canon of the -Council in Trullo directs all veneration to be paid to the cross, and -prohibits its being any longer depicted in the tesserae of the floors -where this "trophy of our victory," as it is called in the canon, was -exposed to desecration from the feet of the congregation. The 82nd -canon, in like manner, has direct reference to the crucifix, and its -style of design. It alludes to the practice which had theretofore -prevailed, of representing Christ as the lamb, pointed to by St. John, -which was to take away the sins of the world (John, i. 29.); but as that -great work has been accomplished, the council declares that the Church -now prefers the grace and _truth_ of him who had fulfilled the law, to -those ancient forms and shadows which had been handed down as types and -symbols only; and it continues: - - "In order, therefore, that what has come to pass should be - exhibited before the sight of all by the skill of the artist in - colours, we direct that the representation of Christ the Lamb of - God, which taketh away the sins of the world, shall henceforth be - elevated in his human character; and no longer under the old form - of a lamb." - -The words are these: - - "[Greek: hos an oun to teleion kan tais chromatourgiais en tais - hapanton opsesin hypographetai, ton tou airontos ten hamartian tou - kosmou amnou Christou tou Theou hemon, kata ton anthropinon - charaktera kai en tais eikosin apo tou nyn anti tou palaiou amnou - anastelousthai horizomen.]"--_Concilium Quinisextum_, Can. - lxxxii. Concil. Collectio, J. B. MANSI, vol. xi. p. 978.: Floren. - 1765. - -W. DN. has quoted this canon, not from the original Greek of the -council, which I copy above, but from the Latin version given in Labbe, -and which is much less close and literal than that of Carranza; and the -words "_erigi et depingi_," which it employs, are a very incorrect -rendering of the Greek [Greek: anastelousthai], a term peculiarly -appropriate to the elevation of a crucifix. - -But that the whole canon has immediate reference to the literal -delineation of the mode and manner of Christ's passion, will be apparent -from the concluding sentences, which expressly set out that the object -of the change which it enjoins is to bring more vividly before our minds -the incarnation, suffering, and _death_ of the Saviour, by the full -contemplation of the depth of _humiliation_ attendant on it: - - "[Greek: Di' autou to tes tapeinoseos hypsos tou Theou logou - katanoountes, kai pros mnemen tes en sarki politeias tou te - pathous autou kai tou soteriou thanatou cheiragogoumenoi, kai tes - enteuthen genomenes to kosmo apolytroseos, k. t. l.]"--_Ib._ - MANSI, v. xi. p. 979. - -How this impression of the "_humiliation_" and "_suffering_" of Christ's -_death_ could be conveyed otherwise than by a literal delineation of its -incidents, I cannot well see. And, indeed, of many authorities who have -recorded their opinion on the effect of this canon of the Quini-sextile -council, W. DN. is the only one who expresses a doubt as to its direct -reference to the cross and the crucifix. Both the historians of the -church, and those who have treated of the history of the Arts in the -Middle Ages, are concurrent in their testimony, that it was not till -immediately after the promulgation of the canons of the Council in -Trullo that the use of the crucifix became common in the early churches. -This fact is recorded with some particularity by Gieseler, in his -_Compendium of Ecclesiastical History_, sect. 99. note 51.; and -Emeric-David, the most laborious and successful explorer of historical -art of our time, in describing the effect upon the Fine Arts produced by -the edict of the council, adverts to the 82nd canon more than once, as -directing the delineation of the Saviour _on the cross_: - - "La fin du 7me siecle et le commencement du 8me presentent deux - evenements de la plus haute importance dans l'histoire de la - peinture. Le premier est la revolution operee par le decret du - concile de Constantinople appele le concile _quinisexte_ ou _in - Trullo_, et celebre en 692 A.D., qui ordonna de preferer la - peinture historique aux emblemes, et notamment d'abandonner - l'allegorie dans la representation du crucifiement de Jesus - Christ.... Ce fut apres ce concile que les images de Jesus Christ - sur la croix commencerent a se multiplier." (_Histoire de la - Peinture au Moyen Age_, par T. B. Emeric-David, Paris, 1842, p. - 59.) "Lorsque le concile quinisexte ordonna de preferer la realite - aux images, et de montrer le Christ sur la croix, l'esprit - d'allegorie, malgre ce decret, ne s'aneantit pas entierement." - (_Ib._ p. 32.) - - J. EMERSON TENNENT. - - London. - - -YANKEE DOODLE. - -(Vol. iv., p. 344.) - -The subjoined song is copied from a _Collection of English Songs_ in -the British Museum (G. 310-163.). The Catalogue gives the conjectural -date of 1775. In the _History of the American Revolution_ (published by -the Society for Diffusion of Useful Knowledge), p. 22., is an anecdote -referring to Lord Percy having, in 1775, caused his band to play "Yankee -Doodle" in _derision_ of the Americans: but I infer, from the Earl of -Carlisle's Lecture on his Travels in America, that it is _now_ used by -the Americans as their _national tune_. - - YANKEE DOODLE; OR, THE NEGROE'S FAREWELL TO - AMERICA. - - _The Words and Music by T. L._ - - 1. - - "Now farewell, my Massa, my Missey, adieu! - More blows or more stripes will me e'er take from you, - Or will me come hither or thither me go, - No help make you rich by de sweat of my brow. - Yankee doodle, yankee doodle dandy, I vow, - Yankee doodle, yankee doodle, bow wow wow. - - 2. - - "Farewell all de yams, and farewell de salt fish, - De bran and spruce beer, at you all me cry, Pish! - Me feed upon pudding, roast beef, and strong beer, - In Englan', old Englan', when me do get dere. - Yankee doodle, &c. - - 3. - - "Farewell de musketo, farewell de black fly, - And rattle-snake too, who may sting me to dye; - Den Negroe go 'ome to his friends in Guinee, - Before dat old Englan' he 'ave a seen'e. - Yankee doodle, &c. - - 4. - - "Farewell de cold winter, de frost and de snow, - Which cover high hills and de valleys so low, - And dangling and canting, swearing and drinking, - Taring and feath'ring for ser'ously thinking. - Yankee doodle, &c. - - 5. - - "Den hey! for old Englan' where Liberty reigns, - Where Negroe no beaten or loaded with chains; - And if Negroe return, O! may he be bang'd, - Chain'd, tortur'd, and drowned,--or let him be hang'd! - Yankee doodle," &c. - - C. H. COOPER. - - -PERPETUAL LAMP. - -(Vol. iv., p. 501.) - -The reported discovery at the dissolution of monasteries of a lamp that -had burned in a tomb nearly 1200 years, to which your correspondent B. -B. adverts, is, I presume, the discovery referred to by Camden (Gough's -ed. vol. iii. p. 242.), where he says: - - "I have been informed by persons of good credit, that upon the - dissolution of monasteries in the last age, a lamp was found - burning in a secret vault of a little chapel, where, according to - tradition, Constantius was buried. For Lazius writes that the - ancients had the art of reducing gold to a consistent fluid, by - which they kept fire burning in vaults for a long time, and even - for many ages." - -The lamp of the alleged tomb of Constantius Chlorus was the subject of a -communication by Mr. Albert Way to the York meeting of the Archaeological -Institute in 1846, in which he compared the ignited lamp said to have -been found therein, with the story of a similar sepulchral lamp in a -Roman family tomb, beneath the site of the ancient Castellum Priscum in -the province of Cordova, as communicated to the Institute by Mr. -Wetherell of Seville. It seems well worthy the attention of modern -archaeologists to ascertain what foundation in fact exists for the -statements advanced by ancient writers as to the possibility of -preparing a lamp that would burn for centuries in the tomb. Mr. Way -remarks that the curious discovery communicated from Seville is -unfortunately not authenticated by the observation at the time of any -person skilled either in natural history or archaeology. Some, however, -may consider the tale of the sepulchre of Chlorus, though rejected by -Drake and others, as not wholly unworthy of consideration; and Mr. Way -suggests the possibility of a substance having been compounded which, on -the admission of purer air to the tomb, became for a short time ignited. -An abstract of his interesting communication is in the _Athenaeum_ for -8th August, 1846. The prince whose tomb is said to have been discovered -near the church of St. Helen's on the Walls, in York, was the H. -Valerius Constantius who came to York about a century after the death of -Severus, and was father of Constantine the Great. - -Let me now ask where the story may be found of - - "The bright lamp that lay in Kildare's holy fane, - And burned through long ages of darkness and storm?" - - W. S. G. - - Newcastle-upon-Tyne. - - -KIBROTH HATTAVAH AND WADY MOKATTEB: NUM. XI. 26. CRITICALLY EXAMINED. - -(Vol. iv., p. 481.; Vol. v., p. 31.) - -In order that the readers of "N. & Q." may have an opportunity of -judging for themselves of the question between DR. TODD and myself, as -to the identity of Kibroth Hattavah and Wady Mokatteb, it will be -necessary, in the first place, that a more comprehensive view should be -taken of the camp of Israel than DR. TODD'S criticism seems to imply. A -population of six hundred thousand, besides women and children, must -have occupied a larger extent of ground than a single valley; and the -valley which is called _par excellence_ Wady Mokatteb would by no means -suffice for the accommodation of half the multitude, were it not joined -to many other valleys,--both sides, by means of narrow windings. - -In the second place, it must be borne in mind that the "Tabernacle was -pitched without the camp, afar off from the camp" (Exod. xxxiii. 7.); a -circumstance which DR. TODD overlooked, which made him hazard the -strange statement that I "did not explain how Eldad and Medad were in -Wady Mokatteb, more than Moses and the rest of the seventy." - -In the third place, it must be observable to every intelligent reader, -that there is not the least shadow of warrant for supposing that Eldad -and Medad were two of the seventy elders "gathered" by Moses; on the -contrary, there is unmistakeable evidence against the notion. We are -expressly told by inspired authority, that the seventy elders--not -sixty-eight--were set round about the tabernacle; and there and then did -Jehovah take of the spirit that was upon Moses, "and gave it unto the -seventy elders,"--not to sixty-eight only. Another proof that Eldad and -Medad cannot be considered as two of the seventy elders, but as persons -belonging to the mass of the laity, is derivable from Moses' answer to -Joshua, "Would God that all the Lord's people were prophets" (ver. 29.). -If they were of the seventy, what cause was there for surprise and -consternation? Would Joshua have asked for a prohibition? and would -Moses have given such an answer? - -But what is to be done with the statements, "And they were of them that -were written, but went not out unto the tabernacle, and they prophesied -in the camp?" How are these statements to be explained? Very easily, by -a reference to the original Hebrew. The words [Hebrew: vhmh bkthvbym] do -not mean "and they were of them that were written," but "and they were -amongst the writings" or inscriptions, that is Wady Mokatteb, _i.e._ in -that part of the encampment which was pitched there. If the inspired -narrator had meant to convey the idea that Eldad and Medad were two of -the seventy elders, he would have employed the proper word for it, which -[Hebrew: bkthvbym] is certainly not. The proper word would have been -either [Hebrew: mhcvphym], "of them that were gathered," or [Hebrew: -mhzqnym], "of the elders." We have no account of Moses writing down the -names of the seventy, to authorise such a translation. Besides, even if -we had such an account, and the sacred historian wished to intimate as -much in the verse under review, he would assuredly have used the word -[Hebrew: mhkthvbym], and not [Hebrew: bkthvbym]. It appears that the -[Hebrew: b] was a difficulty to the LXX, as well as to the author or -authors of the Vulgate, to Rashi and the translators of the English -version. The Greek particle [Greek: ek] and the Latin _de_ are literal -translations of the equivalent Hebrew particle [Hebrew: mn] or [Hebrew: -m], and not of [Hebrew: b]. It would appear, moreover, that DR. TODD -himself found the [Hebrew: b] insurmountable, and therefore omitted it -in his last Hebrew quotation. Again, in the Pentateuch, wherever the -word [Hebrew: kthvbym] occurs, it implies written records, but not -written names of persons. - -But do not all the ancient paraphrasts sanction the translation of the -authorised version? What of that, if they happen to be wrong! Such a -consideration will never interfere with my own judgment, founded on a -thorough knowledge of the meaning of the Hebrew word. I have long since -learned that opinions are not necessarily true, because they are old -ones, nor doctrines undeniably infallible, because we may have believed -in them from our cradles. I am positive, however, that had the LXX, the -authors of the Vulgate, Rashi, and the translators of the authorised -version, known the locality of Wady Mokatteb, they would have hesitated -before they put so unnatural a construction on the word. Aye, and DR. -TODD too, if he were in the valley, and traced, with his generally -correct mind, the wanderings of the people of Israel, would have -exclaimed, "Surely this is none other than the Kibroth Hattavah of -Scripture, and rightly named [Hebrew: kthvbym]." - -Onkelos, however, in his _Chaldee Paraphrase_--DR. TODD evidently -overlooked that, for he grouped the _Chaldee Paraphrase_ amongst the -mistranslators--renders the words [Hebrew: vhmh bkthvbym] literally and -grammatically by the Chaldee words [Hebrew: vnvn bkthyby], "And they -were amongst the inscriptions." - -But do not the words "but they went not out into the tabernacle, and -they prophesied in the camp," "completely overturn my hypothesis?" They -may according to DR. TODD'S criticisms, but not according to the correct -sense of that interesting portion of Scripture. The people in the camp -were evidently under the impression that it was not right for any one -but the seventy to prophesy, nor was it lawful to prophesy any where -else but at the tabernacle, as they were accustomed to hear Moses do; -the fact, therefore, that two men, who were _not_ of the seventy, and -far away from the tabernacle, probably in the very centre of the camp of -Israel, which I conceive Wady Mokatteb to have been, being gifted with a -spirit of prophecy, seemed so astounding and unprecedented in the -history of Israel's wanderings, that the inspired writer is induced to -make a particular note of the few circumstances connected with that -extraordinary event. - -The above is a _fair_, _sound_, and _well-digested_ view of the passage -in question. Adding to it the stubborn fact--which _Dr. Todd_ -ignores--that where the ancient maps have Kibroth Hattavah, the modern -maps have Wady Mokatteb, the conclusion is inevitable that _Wady -Mokatteb is mentioned in Num. xi. 26_. - - MOSES MARGOLIOUTH. - - -Replies to Minor Queries. - -"_Theophania_" (Vol. i., p. 174.).--An inquiry is made by your -correspondent as to the author of this romance, printed in 4to. in 1655, -to which no answer has yet been returned. In my copy, under "By an -English Person of Quality," in the title-page, is written, in a -contemporary handwriting, "Sr. W. Sales." In the same handwriting is a -MS. key, annexed to the book, to all the names. This is too long to copy -here, but if your correspondent wishes for a transcript I shall be -happy to supply him with one. - - JAS. CROSSLEY. - -_Royal Library_ (Vol. iv., p. 446.).--I cannot let GRIFFIN'S observation -on my contradiction of the fable about an intended sale of the library -to Russia pass unanswered, as it might seem as if I acquiesced in his -criticism, and so leave a doubt on the point. He asks, "Must the story -be false because the Princess de Lieven never heard of it? that is, must -a whole story be untrue if a part of it is?" To which I answer, Yes, -when the part refuted is the sole evidence for the rest. The story of -the sale to Russia stood on the _sole_ alleged evidence of the Princess -de Lieven. I had myself good reason to believe that the story was false, -but I delayed contradicting it on general grounds, till I had obtained -the direct testimony of the Princess that she had not only not said or -done what had been imputed to her, but that she had _never before heard -of any such proposition_. Those who know anything of the _English Court_ -and _Russian Embassy_ of those days, will acknowledge that this is also -a complete refutation of GRIFFIN'S new, but still more vague, version, -that _perhaps_ it was "the _Russian ambassador, or some distinguished -Russian_," that was engaged in the matter. I believe that I know as much -about it as any one now alive, and though I cannot trust my memory to -state all the details, I can venture to assert that I never heard of any -_Russian_ proposition, and that I am confident that there never was one. - - C. - -_Reichenbach's Ghosts_ (Vol. iv., p. 5.).--DR. MAITLAND asked what -"thousands of ghost-stories" Reichenbach thought he had disproved. -Certainly those by which it is said "the spirits of the departed wander -over their graves" (Ashburner's _Reichenbach_, p. 177.). He shows that -superstition to be popular in Germany. The weakness of the Baron's -_tirade_ (a bad style, in which he rarely indulges,) lies in this, that -the best class of ghosts is an entirely different class. So that -enlightenment and freedom, superstition and ignorance, have not yet -wound up their accounts. See Gregory's _Letters to a Candid Enquirer_, -p. 277., where enlightenment and freedom get a slap on the face. He -maintains that even grave-lights (probably) humaniform apparitions; and -that all other ghost-stories, not connected with the place of interment, -equally belong to bi-od or animal magnetism. - - A. N. - -_Marriage Tithe in Wales_ (Vol. v., p. 29.).--It is well known to your -readers that the whole of the tithes in England and Wales have recently -been commuted for rent-charges; and the present writer can confidently -affirm that, throughout the commutation, no tithe of marriage goods has -been admitted to be valid, nor does he believe that any such tithe has -been claimed. Tithes in Wales have not differed in any material respect -from those payable in England: an excessive subdivision of ownership -being the only circumstance which is remarkable in regard to them. As -each article of titheable produce is capable of becoming a separate -property, and this property may again become divided amongst an -indefinite number of owners, the complexity occasioned by such minute -interests may be imagined. The bee, for instance, produces three -distinct titheable articles,--honey, wax, and swarms,--and a case -actually occurred in Wales, in which the honey belonged to one class of -owners, and the wax and swarms to another class, one of the classes -owning in undivided eighty-eighth parts. There have also been some -curious cases of modus in Wales, of which the following may be taken as -a specimen:--In a parish on the sea-coast in Pembrokeshire, an estate -was exempt from tithes by a modus of a cup of ale and an egg, rendered -by way of refreshment to the parson, whenever, in consequence of the -state of the tide, he was compelled to pass the house of the landowner -on his way to perform divine service in the parish church. - - H. P. - -_Paul Hoste_ (Vol. iv., p. 474.).--I would recommend your correspondent -AEGROTUS to examine the new edition of P. Paul Hoste's _Treatise on Naval -Tactics, translated with Notes and Illustrations_, by Captain J. -Donaldson Boswall, a 4to. vol. published in 1834, when, I have no doubt, -he will there find the information he is in quest of. - - T. G. S. - - Edinburgh. - -_John of Halifax_ (Vol. iii., p. 389.; Vol. v., p. 42.).--Since every -country has its _Holywood_, and _de Sacrobosco_ does not distinguish -Holy_wood_ from Hali_fax_, John of Halifax has been claimed both by -Ireland and Scotland, and, if I remember right, by some foreign -countries. The manuscripts of his works, as well as the earlier printed -editions, call him _Anglus_ or _Anglicus_; and he lived in a time at -which the natives of the three countries were as distinct as Frenchmen, -Spaniards, and Italians. Bale, quoting Leland, calls him Halifax; as -does Tanner: Pits gives his birth to Halifax. He was buried in the -Maturin convent at Paris, where his epitaph existed in the sixteenth -century. Pits implies that it appears from the epitaph that he died in -1256: Maestlinus expressly affirms that it can be collected from the -epitaph, in the _Ad Lectorem_ of his _Epitome Astronomiae_. All the -authorities believe him to be English; and Leland thought he traced him -as a student at Oxford. But had the manuscripts called him anything but -English, the other evidence would not have weighed them down; for there -are plenty of Holywoods, and there was, notoriously, a press of foreign -students to Oxford in the thirteenth century. But name and residence in -England may come in aid of the manuscripts. - -The statement that he died in 1244 probably arises as follows. In the -epitaph, according to Pits, are the following lines:-- - - M. Christi bis C quarto deno quater anno - De Sacrobosco discrevit tempora Ramus - Gratia cui nomen dederat divina Johannis, - -meaning that in 1244 a bough from the holy wood _discrevit tempora_. -This Pits calls an obscure reference to the time of his death, in the -same sentence in which he places that time in 1256. Very obscure indeed, -if a reference to his death in 1256 be intended. But if _discrevit -tempora_ refer, not to death, but to the matter of his celebrated work -_de anni ratione, seu ... computus Ecclesiasticus_, there is no -obscurity at all. And at the end of a Merton manuscript of this -_computus_, Tanner found the preceding lines inserted; the copyist -taking them to allude, of course, to the date of the book. - - M. - -_Age of Trees_ (Vol. iv., p. 401.).--Your correspondent L. inquires -after authentic evidence respecting the age of ancient trees: - - "In the 12th vol. of Loudon's _Gardener's Magazine_, p. 588., the - Cowthorpe Oak [standing at the extremity of the village of - Cowthorpe, near Wetherby in Yorkshire], is said to be 'undoubtedly - the largest tree at present known in the kingdom.' - - "Professor Burnet says, 'the Cowthorpe Oak is sixteen hundred - years old. We may ask, how is this ascertained? From tradition, or - calculated on botanical data? If the latter, it is possibly far - removed from truth. The method of calculating the age of - dicotyledonous trees, with _hollow trunks_' [and he elsewhere - says, so large is the hollow of the Cowthorpe Oak, that it is - reported to have had upwards of seventy persons at one time - therein assembled], 'is by multiplying the number of rings - comprised in a given portion of the remaining wood, by the - proportion which half the entire diameter of the trunk bears to - the selected portion.... It is evident, however, that this - calculation proceeds on the assumption of two circumstances, whose - probable variations may seriously affect the result. - - "'1st. That all the rings are of equal width. - - "'2nd. That each ring is of uniform width on both sides of the - tree. - - "'It is known that the width of the rings diminishes with the age - of the tree, until, at the latter part of its life, they are of - very inconsiderable width, compared with those near the centre of - the trunk.... Again, it is also known that the width of the rings - differs according to season, being of course wider in those - seasons most favourable to the action of the leaves, and the - general processes of growth; but greatly diminished in seasons - affected by blight, cold, or other causes of injury to the leaves. - It also happens that the rings are often of unequal width on - opposite sides of the trunk.... While, if the tree be so hollow as - to have no portion of its centre remaining ... will expose the - calculation to ... error. In reference, therefore, to the - Cowthorpe Oak, we abandon all scientific pretension.'" - -The foregoing is extracted from an account of the Cowthorpe Oak by C. -Empson, Esq., 1842: Ackerman, Strand. - - COKELY. - -"_Mirabilis Liber_" (Vol. iv., p. 474.).--I have a copy of this book, -from which a "prophecy" is quoted in "N. & Q." p. 474., but the -translation there given differs from the prophecy, as given in my book. -I have therefore copied it out _at length_, and exactly as given in the -original, with all the faults of barbarous Latin and want of stops. - -My book is a small 8vo. without date: the first part in Latin, and the -second in French, in Gothic characters. The colophon runs thus: "On les -vend au roy David en la rue St. Jacques."[5] - - [Footnote 5: [For a notice of the various editions of this work, - see Brunet, _Manuel du Libraire_, _s. v._ Mirabilis, tome iii. p. - 401.--ED.]] - -The "prophet" is _S. Severus_ not _S. Caesario_. - - "PROPHETIA SANCTI SEVERI ARCHIEPISCOPI. - - "Propter incohabitationem doni tertii reviviscet scisma in - ecclesia Dei tunc erunt duo sponsi unus verus alter adulter. - Adulter vero videlicet pars diabolica quae ecclesia appellatur erit - tanta strages et sanguinis effusio quanta nunquam fuit ex quo - gigantes fuerunt. Legitimus sponsus fugiet, ecce leo surget et - aquila nigra veniens ex liguria et quasi fulgens eradicabit nido - suos sexatioribus pennis et tunc incipient tribulationes et praelia - terrena et marina et clamabitur pax et non invenietur: - blasphemabitur nomen domini et non erit ratio in terra unusquisque - opprimabitur potentiam suam. Vae tibi civitas gentium et divitiarum - in principio. Sed gaudebis in fine. Vae tibi civitas philosophorum - gaudeas. O terra filii Noe edificata quia prefatum habebis gaudium - et totam dominaberis romandiolam. Vae tibi civitas philosophorum - subdita erit. Vae tibi lombardiae gens turres etiam gaudii tui - dirimentur. Ecce leo magnus et gallicus obviabit aquilae: et feriet - caput ejus eritque bellum immensum et mors valida unus eorum - amittet fugietque in thuciam illic reassumet vires. - - "Et Romandiolam quae tunc caput italiae erit in eurola civitate - coronam accipiet ecce praelia et mortalitatis quae non fuerunt ab - origine mundi neque erunt usque in finem quia illic congregabuntur - ab omni natione. - - "Unus eorum vincet et ibit in elephantem: et ibi ponet sedem - antiquam et declarabitur quia fiet postea unus pastor in ecclesia - Dei recipiet utramque ecclesiam cardinalium cum maxima pace et - praedictus sponsus de dignitate columbinarum assumetur... Tunc - temporanee ecclesie et civitatis et dignitati columbinarum in - romandiola dabuntur et sua operatione fiet concorditer pax et - unitas praedictorum. Et praedictus rex diu regnabit in regno suo: et - deponentur omnes tyranni de ecclesia Dei et sub nomine regis - gubernabuntur omnia: et universitas sanctorum credet in eligendum - tanquam verum sponsum et pastorem praedictum. Et non erit amplius - scisma usque ad tempora antichristi. Et fiet passagium per - praedictum regem et gentes armorum quas secum ducet: et tunc fiet - quasi conversio generalis ad fidem Christi per leonem magnum et - regem praedictum quam qui tunc in romandiola: et semper gaudebunt - quia erunt amici et perpetui." - - W. S. - - Denton. - -_Caesarius, &c._--No facts have yet occurred to convince me but that all -prophecies are stuff; by no means excepting those which Dr. Gregory -printed in _Blackwood for 1850_, and from which (more strange) he is -unweaned in 1851. Seeing that you have reprinted (Vol. iv., p. 471.) the -prophecy falsely ascribed to that ancient Latin father, Caesarius -Arelatensis, I beg leave to mention that I published in the _British -Magazine for 1846_ an historical and chronological explanation of that -modern forgery, as well as of the far more ancient predictions ascribed -to Queen Basina. Thomas of Ercildoun was anterior in date to the -pseudo-Caesarius, and borrowed the idea of _his_ French revolution from -Basina's, if, indeed, that prophecy be authentically from his pen, of -which the proofs are very slender. See it quoted in Walter Scott's -_Poet. Works_, vi. p. 236., ed. 1820. - -I wish to be informed in what sense, and for what reason, Walter Scott -in the same page calls the prophecy-man Robert Fleming, "Mass Robert -Fleming." - - A. N. - -_Tripos_ (Vol. iv., p. 484.).--The original _tripos_, from which the -Cambridge class lists have derived their names, was _a three-legged -stool_, on which on Ash Wednesday a Bachelor of one or two years' -standing (called therefrom the _Bachelor of the Stool_) used formerly to -take his seat, and play the part of public disputant in the quaint -proceedings which accompanied admission to the degree of B.A. In course -of time the name was transferred from the stool to him that sat on it, -and the disputant was called the _Tripos_; and thence by successive -steps it passed to the _day_ when the three-legged stool became "for the -nonce" a post of honour; then to the _lists_ published on that day, -containing the seniority of commencing B.A.s arranged according to the -pleasure of the Proctors; and ultimately it obtained the enlarged -meaning now universally recognised, according to which it stands for the -examination whether in mathematics, classics, moral or physical science, -as well as the list by which the result of that examination is made -known. - -The Latin verses which do, or till very lately did, accompany the -printed lists, and which it was expected were to partake more or less of -a burlesque character, are the only existing relics of the functions of -the _Bachelor of the Stool_ (performed in 1556/7 by Abp. Whitgift), to -whom, as to the _Praevaricator_ at commencements, or the _Terrae Filius_ -at Oxford, considerable license of language was allowed; a privilege -which, in spite of the exhortation of the Father (see Bedle Buck's book) -"to be witty but modest withal," was not unfrequently abused. - -Those who desire further information on this subject may consult the -appendixes to Dean Peacock's admirable work _On the Statutes of the -University_, pp. ix. x. lxx. - - E. V. - -"_Please the Pigs_" (Vol. v., p. 13.).--The editorial reply to my query -about the origin of this expression is very ingenious, and appears at -first sight to be very probable; and, of course, if it can be shown to -rest upon authority, it will be accounted satisfactory. But [and here -let me say, how conscious I am that it savours something of presumption -to be butting my buts against editorial sapience which has been brought -to the aid of my own confessed ignorance; yet, as that "purry furry -creature with a tail yclept a cat" may with impunity cast its feline -glances at a king, I am emboldened to hope that "a pig without a tail" -may enjoy the immunity of projecting just one porcine squint at an -editor. And so to my _but_ right boldly, though perhaps as blunderingly -as pigs are wont] the sound of the word "pyx" has suggested to my mind -another solution which, while it is much less ingenious, appears to me -to be much more probable. May not the saying be a simple corruption, -_all' allegria_, of "please the _pixies_?" This would save the metonymy, -and would also avoid what I conceive to be a more formidable difficulty -attaching to the idea of "please the _Host_"--viz., the fact that, -although I have travelled and resided not a little in Roman Catholic -countries, in France, Italy, Spain, and the Mediterranean Islands, I -never yet have heard any expression which could be supposed to involve -the idea of favour or disfavour from the Host; albeit such expressions -applying to the several persons of the blessed Trinity, and to every -saint in the calendar, are rife in every mouth. - -Having no authority, however, for my conjecture, I put it in the form of -a Query, in the hope of provoking an authoritative decision. - - PORCUS. - -_Basnet Family_ (Vol. iii., p. 495.; Vol. iv., p. 77.).--My attention -has been directed to the inquiries made touching this family, and I have -looked into my Manuscript Collections for such as related to the name. I -find them distinguished by me into Bassenet and Basnet, though the -latter writer on the subject identifies them as one and the same. The -classification in my books subdivides the notices I possess (as in the -instance of other pedigrees, 3000 surnames, for which I have gathered -illustrations), according to the localities where _they_ fix the name. -These references are numerous in Ireland, and far more in England; -especially in Berkshire, Gloucestershire, Hampshire, Essex, -Leicestershire, Northamptonshire, Nottinghamshire, Oxfordshire, -Shropshire, Staffordshire, and Surrey; as well as in MSS. of rare -access. These various notices would be too numerous, and, to the many, -too uninteresting, to engross your pages, or I would gladly draw them -out. Those who feel interested may receive further information on -communicating their wishes to me by letter. - - JOHN D'ALTON. - - 48. Summer Hill, Dublin, New Year's Day, 1852. - -_Serjeants' Rings_ (Vol. v., p. 59.).--T. P. asks if the custom of -serjeants-at-law presenting rings on taking the coif prevailed so long -back as 1670-80; and in C. W. Johnson's _Life of Sir Edward Coke_, 1845 -(vol. i. p. 217.), he will find as follows: - - "On the rings given by Coke were inscribed, 'Lex est tutissima - cassis'--the law is the safest helmet--a motto which has been - thought very well to apply to his future fortunes. - - "This custom of giving rings is of very old standing. Chancellor - Fortescue, who wrote about 1465, tells us that all Serjeants, at - their appointment, 'shall give rings of gold to the value of forty - pounds at the least; and your Chancellor well remembereth that at - the time he received this state and degree, the rings which he - then gave stood him in fifty pounds.' (_Laud. Leg._, c. 59.) - Dugdale also gives an account of the Serjeants' rings in 1556. - Some rings given in 1669 were objected to as wanting weight." - -I do not know where to refer T. P. for any record of the rings; but I -think if the mottoes and names of donors could be obtained, a very -amusing paper might be furnished; the variety would be great, some, as -Coke's, alluding to the importance of law; some, as Serjeant Onslow's -"Festina lente," punning on the name, &c. - - E. N. W. - - Southwark. - - [We should be obliged by our correspondents furnishing any such - particulars of the mottoes and donors of Serjeants' rings as they - may meet with in their reading.] - -"_Crowns have their Compass_" (Vol. iv., p. 428.).--The author of these -lines was Robert Barker, as is ascertained from a MS. in the Ashmolean -Museum, quoted in Halliwell's _Life of Shakspeare_, p. 207., where they -are entitled, "Certayne verses wrighten by Mr. Robert Barker, his -Majestis printer, under his Majestis picture." This is quite -confirmatory of, and is confirmed by, MARGARET GATTY'S communication. - - R. - - [A. GRAYAN, who refers us to Dibdin's _Ames_, vol. ii. p. 1090., - for the foregoing information, adds, that the last line in the MS. - reads-- - - "That knowledge makes _the_ Kinge most like his - Maker."] - -_Hell paved with the Skulls of Priests_ (Vol. iv., p. 484.).--The French -priest referred to in this Query had most probably quoted, at second or -third hand, and with rhetorical embellishment--certainly not from the -original direct--an expression of St. Chrysostom, in his third homily on -the Acts of the Apostles: - - "[Greek: ouk oimai einai pollous en tois hiereusi tous sozomenous, - alla pollo pleious tous apollymenous.]" - - "I know not if there be many in the priesthood who are saved, but - I know that many more perish." - -Gibbon has also quoted this passage at second hand (v. 399. note z.), -for he says: - - "Chrysostom declares his free opinion (tom. ix. hom. iii. in Act. - Apostol. p. 29.) that the number of _bishops_ who might be saved, - bore a very small proportion to those who would be damned." - -It may be safely asserted that the above expression of Chrysostom is the -strongest against the priesthood to be found in any of the Christian -Fathers of authority in the Church. - - T. J. BUCKTON. - - Lichfield. - -_Cooper's Miniature of Cromwell_ (Vol. v., p. 17.).--The writer saw a -beautiful miniature of this celebrated man by Cooper in the possession -of Monckton Milnes, Esq., M.P. - - W. A. - -_King Street Theatre_ (Vol. v., p. 58.).--For the information of your -correspondent B. N., I beg to suggest the "Bristol Theatre" as the one -referred to on the _silver_ ticket of admission; it having been situated -in King Street in that city long before the days of Garrick, and there -it now stands. And although _silver_ is still the medium of admission to -it, silver _counters_ have ceased to exist in connexion with it. In its -palmy days I doubt not it possessed such luxuries, it having been -considered one of the best schools for actors out of London. - - J. H. - -_Groom, Meaning of_ (Vol. v., p. 57.).--_Guma_ in Anglo-Saxon, and the -_Codex Argenteus_, means simply man. Horne Tooke derives bridegroom from -it. - - "Consider groom of the chambers, groom-porter."--_Nares._ - -Herd grooms, in Spenser's _Pastorals_, and a passage in Massinger: -Gifford, vol. iii. p. 435. - -Grome is quoted by Halliwell, as meaning a man. Also _gome_, which he -says lasted till the civil wars. - - C. B. - -_Schola Cordis_ (Vol. iv., p. 404.).--MARICONDA asks for Mr. Tegg's -authority for attributing the _Schola Cordis_ to Quarles in his edition -of 1845. - -The following extract from a very interesting and characteristic note, -dated November 24, 1845, that I received from Mr. Tegg in reply to my -query of a similar description, will afford the information:-- - - "Quarles' works were originally printed for me by Mr. Whittingham - of Chiswick, who, with my approbation, engaged the Rev. Mr. - Singer to edit the works. It was from this edition I printed my - books," [_i.e._ the edition of 1845.] - -To show the energy of the publisher, and in justice to all the parties -concerned, I may add, that four days later he wrote me word, that he -"had begun to make inquiry and collate the various editions of Quarles" -with his own; and adds, "I have the great satisfaction of saying that my -editor has not omitted any article, however trivial, that was inserted -in the original editions." He afterwards says that he has "seen -seventeen" editions; and concludes by remarking, "that I consider no -time or money lost when in pursuit of truth." - -Will you allow me to suggest that few of your readers would regret to -see some of your pages occupied with a correct bibliographical account -of the various productions of both Quarles and Withers. - - MATERRE. - -_Greek Names of Fishes_ (Vol. iv. p. 501.).--The [Greek: orphos] may -perhaps be recognised by the zoologist from the following -characteristics given by Aristotle in his history of animals: - - "1. It is of speedy growth (b. v. c. 9.). 2. Keeps close in shore - (b. viii. c. 13.). 3. Burrows in holes, as the lamprey and conger - (b. viii. c. 15.). 4. Lives only on animal food like other - cartilaginous fishes (b. viii. c. 2.)." - -It is therefore of Cuvier's series, _chondropterigii_, of which the -sturgeon is _facile princeps_. - -The [Greek: membras] is classed by Aristotle (b. vi. c. 15.) under the -general term [Greek: aphye], which appears to correspond well with -Cuvier's genus _clupea_ (including the herring, pilchard, sprat, -white-bait, &c), and was taken, Aristotle says, all the year, except -from autumn to spring, which corresponds with the migrations of this -genus; the shad coming in May and departing in July, the anchovy -appearing from May to July, the pilchard in July, the herring in October -and beginning of November, and the sprat in November. The [Greek: -aphye], he also says, were salted for keeping. The [Greek: membras] was -obtained in the Phaleric harbour (b. vi. c. 15.), close to the marsh and -street of the same name at Athens.[6] Aristotle also represents the -[Greek: trichiai] as coming from the [Greek: trichides], and the latter -from the [Greek: membrades]; hence it is to be inferred that the -fishermen called this fish at different stages of its growth by -different names, in mistake. The [Greek: trichides] appear also to have -been as abundant at Athens as sprats are with us, the latter selling -sometimes at sixpence the bushel, and being used for manure, whilst -Aristophanes mentions the price of five farthings (one _obolus_) the -hundred of [Greek: trichides] (_Knights_, 662.). The [Greek: aphye] was -obtained from the Attic shores of Salamine and Marathon (_Aristot. H. -A._ b. vi. c. 15.), and the supply was stopped or much diminished by war -(_Knights_, 644.). The [Greek: orphos] was a more valuable fish than the -[Greek: membras], as the refusing the latter and buying the former -furnished the next stallman with the opportunity of insinuating that the -purchaser was forgetful of liberty, equality, &c. (_Wasps_, 494.; -_Knights_, 851.). Theodore Gaza, the Latin translator of Aristotle's -_History of Animals_, renders [Greek: orphos] by _cernua_. Amongst his -various banquets, Homer never mentions _fish_, afterwards admitted as a -delicacy of the costliest kind at Grecian and Roman feasts. - - [Footnote 6: Not from a fish called _Phalerica_, as stated in - Scapula's lexicon.] - - T. J. BUCKTON. - - Lichfield. - -_Dutch Commentary on Pope_ (Vol. v., p. 27.).--The passage in Pope has -nothing to do with ducks and drakes. - - "Verbum quo utitur Popius, monstrat, cogitasse eum de quodam quod - cadit, non quod jacitur. Sed neque est _lapis_. Cur de Hollandico - loquitur? quia ut puto, latrinae in Hollandia peditae sunt aliquando - super aquam, ibi abundantem, _circuli_ sunt ii, quos omne quod - cadit in aquam, natura facit." - -There is the same idea, as Warburton observes, in the _Essay on Man_, -ep. iv. 364. - - C. B. - -_Sir William Hankford_ (Vol. v., p. 43.).--I see that MR. FOSS (_Judges -of England_, vol. iv. p. 325.) disbelieves the story of the suicide of -Sir William Hankford, as told by Prince in his _Worthies of Devon_, -because there was then nothing in the political horizon to justify the -"direful apprehension of dangerous approaching evils," assigned by -Prince as the judge's inducement for wishing to die. His death, however -it occurred, happened in 1422. - -MR. FOSS'S doubts seem in some measure to be warranted by the fact that -Holinshed places the incident about half a century later, in 1470 or -1471; and he thinks it more probable (_Ibid._ p. 427.) that the suicidal -story may apply to Sir Robert Danby, Chief Justice of the Common Pleas, -because that judge disappeared in the latter year; and the circumstances -of the time were really such as were likely to excite the fears -described as the cause of the catastrophe. Sir Robert Danby, who had -been a judge of the Common Pleas under Henry VI., was made chief justice -of that court by Edward IV. in 1461, the first year of that king's -reign. On the restoration of Henry VI. in 1470, he was continued in his -office, and the sudden return of Edward IV. in the following year might -occasion an apprehension in a weak mind sufficiently strong to lead to -the tragical result. Certain it is that a new chief justice, Sir Thomas -Brian, was then appointed, and nothing more is told of Sir Robert Danby. - -The Hankford's Oak at Annery, the remains of which were seen by Prince, -was as likely to have received its name from its having been planted by -Hankford, as from its being the spot where he died. - -Perhaps some correspondents may be able to throw more light on the -transaction, and assist in deciding which is the correct version. - - R. S. V. P. - -_Abigail_ (Vol. iv., p. 424.; Vol. v., p. 38.).--We are told in No. 115. -that Abigail was a _handmaid_. The Bible, however, tells us, that she -was the _wife_ of Nabal, a rich man, as I pointed out in a letter which -has not been printed. Speaking to David, no doubt, she repeatedly uses -the common phrase in the Bible, "thine handmaid," which would equally -prove that the Virgin Mary was a servant. - - C. B. - -_Moravian Hymns_ (Vol. iv., p. 502.; Vol. v., pp. 30. 63.).--With regard -to Moravian hymns, it would be very valuable to know whether the little -book by Rimius, London, 1753, is really honest, which contains such -shocking and inconceivable extracts from them. It is a translation from -a Dutch book by Stinstra. - - C. B. - - - - -Miscellaneous. - - -NOTES ON BOOKS, SALES, CATALOGUES, ETC. - -When we consider the popularity attached to the illustrious name of -Humboldt, and the great interest excited by the publication of his -travels, we scarcely think Mr. Bohn is doing himself justice by -including the _Personal Narrative of Travels in the Equinoctial Region -of America during the Years_ 1799-1804, _by Alexander von Humboldt and -Aime Bonpland_; _written in French by Alexander von Humboldt: translated -and edited by Thomasina Ross_, of which the first volume is now before -us, in his _Scientific Library_. His doing so will have a tendency to -discourage its perusal by many readers who, having no claim to be -considered scientific, will be deterred from opening the pages of a book -which, had they met with it in the _Standard Library_, they would have -read and re-read with all the interest which Humboldt's power of -contemplating nature in all her grandeur and variety, and of recording -the impressions produced by such contemplations, can never fail to -excite. We hope this brief notice may be the means of recommending this -valuable work to the general reader; to the scientific one it has been -so long known, as to render any such recommendation not at all -necessary. - -We spoke so favourably of _The Woman's Journey round the World_, when -noticing the translation of it issued by Messrs. Longman in their -_Traveller's Library_, that we have now only to record the appearance of -another translation in the _Illustrated National Library_, which differs -from the former in being given in an unabridged form; and accompanied by -some dozen clever illustrations. - - -BOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES - -WANTED TO PURCHASE. - -GIBBON'S DECLINE AND FALL. Vol. II. Dublin. Luke White. 1789. - -ELSLEY ON THE GOSPEL AND ACTS. London, 1833. Vol. I. - -ARISTOPHANES, Bekker. London, 1829. In 2 vols. Vol. II. - -SPENSER'S WORKS. Pickering's edition, 1839. Sm. 8vo. Vol. V. - -WHARTON'S ANGLIA SACRA. Fol. Vol. II. - -LYDGATE'S BOKE OF TROGE. 4to. 1555. (Any fragment.) - -COLERIDGE'S TABLE TALK. Vol. I. Murray. 1835. - -THE BARBERS (a poem), by W. Hutton. 8vo. 1793. (Original edition, not -the fac-simile.) - -THE DOCTRINE AND PRACTICE OF THE CHURCH OF ROME TRULY REPRESENTED, by -Edw. Stillingfleet, Bishop of Worcester, edited by William Cunningham, -Min. Edinburgh. - -A CATECHISM TRULY REPRESENTING THE DOCTRINES AND PRACTICES OF THE CHURCH -OF ROME, with an Answer to them, by John Williams, M.A. - -THE SALE CATALOGUE OF J. T. BROCKETT'S LIBRARY OF BRITISH AND FOREIGN -HISTORY, &C. 1823. - -DODD'S CERTAMEN UTRIUSQUE ECCLESIAE; OR A LIST OF ALL THE EMINENT -WRITERS, CATHOLICS AND PROTESTANTS, SINCE THE REFORMATION. 1724. - -DODD'S APOLOGY FOR THE CHURCH HISTORY OF ENGLAND. 1742. 12mo. - -SPECIMENS FOR AMENDMENTS FOR DODD'S CHURCH HISTORY, 1741. 12mo. - -JOURNAL OF THE GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF DUBLIN. Vol. I. Part I. (Several -Copies are wanting, and it is believed that many are lying in London or -Dublin.) - -CH. THILLON (DE HALLE) NOUVELLE COLLECTION DES APOCRYPHES. Leipsic, -1832. - -THEOBALD'S SHAKSPEARE RESTORED, ETC. 4to. 1726. - -A SERMON preached at Fulham in 1810 by the REV. JOHN OWEN of Paglesham, -on the death of Mrs. Prowse, Wicken Park, Northamptonshire (Hatchard). - -FUESSLEIN, JOH. CONRAD, BEYTRAEGE ZUR ERLAEUTERUNG DER -KIRCHEN-REFORMATIONS-GESCHICHTE DES SCHWEITZERLANDES. 5 Vols. Zurich, -1741. - -[Star symbol] Letters, stating particulars and lowest price, _carriage -free_, to be sent to MR. BELL, Publisher of "NOTES AND QUERIES," 186. -Fleet Street. - - -Notices to Correspondents. - -C. & J. S., _who inquire respecting the phrase_ "At Sixes and Sevens," -_are referred to our_ 3rd Vol. pp. 118. 425. - -J. E. S. _will find the line_: - - "When Greeks joined Greeks then was the tug of war," - -_in Nat. Lee's_ Alexander the Great. - -W. S. S. _We are obliged by our correspondent's offer respecting the_ -Liber Festivalis, _which we are only deterred from accepting from the -fear that want of room may prevent our using his notes._ - -_The title of the Rev. J. Robertson's book, referred to in our answer -to_ G. S. M. _in out last week's Number, is_, "How shall we conform to -the LITURGY?" _not_ "Litany," _as was inadvertently printed._ - -REPLIES RECEIVED.--_Clerical Members of Parliament--Lords -Marchers--Hexameter Verses in the Scriptures--Learned Men -named Bacon--Derivation of Eva--Collar of SS.--Meaning of -Delighted--Sleckstone--Serjeants' Rings--Son of the -Morning--Voltaire--The Golden Bowl--Olivarius--Moravian -Hymns--Tripos--Age of Trees--Parish Registers--Quarter -Waggoner--Valentine's Day--Inveni Portum--Epigram on Burnet--Crosses -and Crucifixes--Monody on Death of Sir John Moore--MSS. of Sir H. St. -George--Preached from a Pulpit--Coverdale's Bible--Allen of -Rossull--Slavery in Scotland--Boiling to Death--Execution of Charles -I.--Reichenbach's Ghost Stories._ - -VOLUME THE FOURTH OF NOTES AND QUERIES, _with very copious_ INDEX, _is -now ready, price 9_s._ 6_d._ cloth boards._ - -_Neat Cases for holding the Numbers of_ "N. & Q." _until the completion -of each Volume are now ready, price_ 1_s._ 6_d., and may be had by order -of all booksellers and newsmen._ - -"NOTES AND QUERIES" _is published at noon on Friday, so that the Country -Booksellers may receive Copies in that night's parcels, and deliver them -to their Subscribers on the Saturday._ - -_Errata._--In Mr. Russell Smith's advertisement last week, the address -should have been "36, Soho Square," the words "36, Soho Square removed -from" having been accidentally omitted. Page 29. col. 1. l. 1. for -"_Albus_" read "Abbas," l. 25 for "Nic_h_olas" read "Nicolas;" p. 30. -col. 1. l. 1. for "Bu_n_ell" read "_Burrell_;" p. 35. col. 1. l. 21. for -"Tw_ens_low" read "Tw_em_low." - - - - -GENEALOGICAL CHART OF WELSH HISTORY. - - Now Ready, Second Edition, Price, coloured (and either varnished - and handsomely mounted on Mahogany Rollers, or elegantly bound and - gilt), 30_s._ to Subscribers, - - THE GENEALOGY of WELSH HISTORY from the earliest times, with - Historical and Chronological Data respecting 1200 Persons, and 450 - References to existing Families. BY I. J. H. HARRIS, Head Master - of the Grammar School, St. Asaph; who will supply those who write - to him direct at the above price. - - Price to Non-subscribers, Two Guineas. - - London: W. HUGHES, Aldine Chambers, Paternoster Row. - - -THE LIFE OF JUDGE STORY. - - This day is published, in 2 vols. 8vo., price 30_s._, with a - Portrait. - - LIFE AND LETTERS of JOSEPH STORY, the Eminent American Jurist, - Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States, and - Dane Professor of Law at Harvard University. Edited by his Son, - WILLIAM W. STORY. - - "Greater than any law writer of which England can boast since the - days of Blackstone."--_Lord Campbell in the House of Lords, April - 7_, 1843. - - London: JOHN CHAPMAN, 142. Strand; Edinburgh: MACLACHLAN, STEWART, - & Co. - - -Just published, and forwarded to Gentlemen on receipt of their address. - - CATALOGUE OF AN EXTENSIVE AND VERY INTERESTING LIBRARY OF BOOKS. - The genuine property of a distinguished Collector, lately - deceased. Containing Choice Missals, Illuminated MSS., very fine - specimens of Early Printed Books, Black-letter Bibles, Prayers, - and a fine "Wynken de Woorde," Works on Coins and Medals, - Antiquities, Architecture, and the Fine Arts, Theology, History, a - Shakspeare Forgery, and many others very curious and rare; also - Rich Stained Glass Windows, Ancient Carvings in Marble and Ivory, - fine Painting by Gasparde Crayer, and other valuable originals by - Holbein and Hogarth, and two large elaborately Carved Chairs, very - ancient and suitable for the church altar. - - On sale at the Cheap Book Establishment of CORNISH BROTHERS, No. - 37. New Street (opposite the New Railway Station), Birmingham. - - -NEW WORK ON GRECIAN MYTHOLOGY. - - In 12mo. (with Outline Engravings from Ancient Statues), price - 5_s._ - - HANDBOOK of the RELIGION and MYTHOLOGY of the GREEKS; with a Short - Account of the Religious System of the ROMANS. From the German of - Professor STOLL, by the Rev. R. B. PAUL, late Fellow of Exeter - College, Oxford; and edited by the Rev. THOMAS KERCHEVER ARNOLD, - M.A., Rector of Lyndon, and Late Fellow of Trinity College, - Cambridge. - - RIVINGTONS, St. Paul's Churchyard, and Waterloo Place; - - Of whom may be had, the following HANDBOOKS for the CLASSICAL - STUDENT, edited by the Rev. T. K. ARNOLD, M.A.: - - GRECIAN ANTIQUITIES, 3_s._ 6_d._--ROMAN ANTIQUITIES, 3_s._ - 6_d._--ANCIENT GEOGRAPHY AND HISTORY, 6_s._ 6_d._--MEDIAEVAL - GEOGRAPHY AND HISTORY, 4_s._ 6_d._--MODERN GEOGRAPHY AND HISTORY, - 5_s._ 6_d._ - - "The leading characteristic of these Handbooks is their exceeding - simplicity, the excellent order with which they are arranged, the - completeness of their details, and the remarkable accuracy and - elaborate erudition which they exhibit in every page. They have - this further advantage, which it is impossible to - over-estimate;--that they bring down their respective subjects to - the very latest period, and present us with the results of the - most recent investigations of the critics and antiquarians by whom - they have been discussed"--_Dublin Review._ - - -SPECIAL NOTICE TO INTENDING ASSURERS. - - INTENDING Life Assurers are respectfully invited to compare the - principles, rates, and whole provisions of the SCOTTISH PROVIDENT - INSTITUTION with those of any existing company. - - In this Society the whole profits are divisible among the - policy-holders, who are at the same time exempt from personal - liability. It claims superiority, however, over other mutual - offices in the following particulars. - - 1. Premiums at early and middle ages about a fourth lower. See - specimens below.(*) - - 2. A more accurate adjustment of the rates of premium to the - several ages. - - 3. A principle in the division of the surplus more safe, - equitable, and favourable to good lives. - - 4. Exemption from entry money. - - (*) Annual Premiums for 100_l._, with Whole Profits. - - -------+--------+-------+--------+--------+-------+-------+------- - Age 20 | 25 | 30 | 35 | 40 | 45 | 50 | 55 - -------+--------+-------+--------+--------+-------+-------+------- - 1 15 8 | 1 18 0 | 2 1 6 | 2 6 10 | 2 14 9 | 3 4 9 | 4 1 7 | 5 1 11 - -------+--------+-------+--------+--------+-------+-------+------- - - (*) Annual Premiums for 100_l._, with Whole Profits, payable for 21 - years only. - - -------+--------+--------+--------+-------+--------+------- - Age 20 | 25 | 30 | 35 | 40 | 45 | 50 - -------+--------+--------+--------+-------+--------+------ - 2 7 0 | 2 10 8 | 2 14 6 | 2 19 8 | 3 6 4 | 3 14 9 | 4 7 2 - -------+--------+--------+--------+-------+--------+------ - - All policies indisputable unless obtained by fraud. - - Forms of proposal, prospectus containing full tables, copies of - the Twelfth Annual Report, and every information, will be - forwarded (gratis) on application at the London Office, 12. - Moorgate Street. - - GEORGE GRANT, Agent for London. - - -Now ready, Price 25_s._, Second Edition, revised and corrected. -Dedicated by Special Permission to - - THE (LATE) ARCHBISHOP OF CANTERBURY. - - PSALMS AND HYMNS FOR THE SERVICE OF THE CHURCH. - - The words selected by the Very Rev. H. H. MILMAN, D.D., Dean of - St. Paul's. The Music arranged for Four Voices, but applicable - also to Two or One, including Chants for the Services, Responses - to the Commandments, and a Concise SYSTEM OF CHANTING, by J. B. - SALE, Musical Instructor and Organist to Her Majesty. 4to., neat, - in morocco cloth, price 25_s._ To be had of Mr. J. B. SALE, 21. - Holywell Street, Millbank, Westminster, on the receipt of a Post - Office Order for that amount: and by order, of the principal - Booksellers and Music Warehouses. - - "A great advance on the works we have hitherto had, connected - with our Church and Cathedral Service."--_Times._ - - "A collection of Psalm Tunes certainly unequalled in this - country."--_Literary Gazette._ - - "One of the best collections of tunes which we have yet seen. - Well merits the distinguished patronage under which it - appears."--_Musical World._ - - "A collection of Psalms and Hymns, together with a system of - Chanting of a very superior character to any which has hitherto - appeared."--_John Bull._ - - London: GEORGE BELL, 186. Fleet Street. - - Also, lately published, - - J. B. SALE'S SANCTUS, COMMANDMENTS and CHANTS as performed at the - Chapel Royal St. James, price 2_s._ - - C. LONSDALE, 26. Old Bond Street. - - -The BEST is the CHEAPEST. - - The Best Congou Tea 3_s._ 8_d._ per lb. - The Best Souchong Tea 4_s._ 4_d._ " - The Best Gunpowder Tea 5_s._ 8_d._ " - The Best Old Mocha Coffee 1_s._ 4_d._ " - The Best West India Coffee 1_s._ 4_d._ " - The Fine True Ripe Rich - Rare Souchong Tea 4_s._ 0_d._ " - - 40_s._ worth or upwards sent CARRIAGE FREE to any part of England by - - PHILLIPS & CO.. TEA MERCHANTS, - - No. 8. King William Street, City, London. - - -Price 2_s._ 6_d._; by Post 3_s._ - - ILLUSTRATIONS AND ENQUIRIES RELATING TO MESMERISM. Part I. By the - Rev. S. R. MAITLAND, D.D. F.R.S. F.S.A. Sometime Librarian to the - late Archbishop of Canterbury, and Keeper of the MSS. at Lambeth. - - "One of the most valuable and interesting pamphlets we ever - read."--_Morning Herald._ - - "This publication, which promises to be the commencement of a - larger work, will well repay serious perusal."--_Ir. Eccl. - Journ._ - - "A small pamphlet in which he throws a startling light on the - practices of modern Mesmerism."--_Nottingham Journal._ - - "Dr. Maitland, we consider, has here brought Mesmerism to the - 'touchstone of truth,' to the test of the standard of right or - wrong. We thank him for this first instalment of his inquiry, and - hope that he will not long delay the remaining - portions."--_London Medical Gazette._ - - "The Enquiries are extremely curious, we should indeed say - important. That relating to the Witch of Endor is one of the most - successful we ever read. We cannot enter into particulars in this - brief notice; but we would strongly recommend the pamphlet even - to those who care nothing about Mesmerism, or _angry_ (for it has - come to this at last) with the subject."--_Dublin Evening Post._ - - "We recommend its general perusal as being really an endeavour, - by one whose position gives him the best facilities, to ascertain - the genuine character of Mesmerism, which is so much - disputed."--_Woolmer's Exeter Gazette._ - - "Dr. Maitland has bestowed a vast deal of attention on the - subject for many years past, and the present pamphlet is in part - the result of his thoughts and inquiries. There is a good deal in - it which we should have been glad to quote ... but we content - ourselves with referring our readers to the pamphlet - itself."--_Brit. Mag._ - - PIPER, BROTHERS, & CO., - - 23. Paternoster Row. - - -Preparing for publication, in Numbers at 3_s._ each (to Subscribers -2_s._ 6_d._). - - REMAINS OF PAGAN SAXONDOM, principally from Tumuli in England. - Drawn from the Originals. Described and illustrated by JOHN YONGE - AKERMAN, Fellow and Secretary of the Society of Antiquaries of - London. The Engravings or Lithographs will, if possible, in every - case, be of the actual size of the objects represented. The First - Number will appear as soon as the names of Two Hundred Subscribers - have been received. - - Subscribers are requested to forward their Names to the care of - - MR. JOHN RUSSELL SMITH, 36. Soho Square, London. - - -LONDON LIBRARY, 12. St. James's Square. - - Patron: His Royal Highness Prince ALBERT. - - This Institution now offers to its members a collection of 60,000 - volumes, to which additions are constantly making, both in English - and foreign literature. A reading room is also open for the use of - the members, supplied with the best English and foreign - periodicals. - - Terms of admission--entrance fee, 6_l._; annual subscription, - 2_l._; or entrance fee and life subscription, 26_l._ - - By order of the Committee: - - J. G. COCHRANE, Secretary and Librarian. - - September, 1851. - - -Just published, 8vo. cloth, pp. 240, price 10_s._ 6_d._ handsomely -printed on fine paper at the Dublin University Press, - - THE UNRIPE WINDFALLS IN PROSE AND VERSE of JAMES HENRY, M.D. - - CONTENTS: Miscellaneous Poems; Criticism on the style of Lord - Byron, in a Letter to the Editor of "Notes and Queries;" Specimen - of Virgilian Commentaries; Specimen of a New Metrical Translation - of the Eneis. - - London: GEORGE BELL, 186. Fleet Street. - - -Now Ready, 2 vols. 8vo., 32_s._ - - THE GRENVILLE PAPERS; from the Archives at Stowe; being the - Private Correspondence of Richard Grenville, Earl Temple, and - George Grenville, their Friends and Contemporaries, including MR. - GRENVILLE'S POLITICAL DIARY. Edited by WM. JAS. SMITH, formerly - Librarian at Stowe. (To be completed in Four Vols.) - - JOHN MURRAY, Albemarle Street. - - -GROTE'S HISTORY OF GREECE. - - Now Ready, 3rd Edition, with Maps, 8vo. 16_s._ each. - - HISTORY of GREECE. From the earliest period down to the Accession - of Philip of Macedon, B.C. 403-359. By GEORGE GROTE, Esq. Vols. I. - to X. - - [Star symbol] Vols. IX. and X. are Just Ready. - - JOHN MURRAY, Albemarle Street. - - -MURRAY'S ILLUSTRATED PRAYER BOOK. - - Now Ready, Illustrated with Ornamental Borders, Initial Letters, - and Engravings from the Old Masters. One Volume, Crown 8vo, 21_s._ - in antique cloth. - - THE BOOK OF COMMON PRAYER and Administrations of the Sacraments - and other Rites and Ceremonies of the Church. Edited, with Notes - and Illustrations, by the Rev. THOMAS JAMES, M.A., Vicar of - Sibbertoft and Theddingworth, and Examining Chaplain to the Bishop - of Bath and Wells. - - "Not surpassed by the life-engrossing, laborious productions of - those good old transcribers in cloistered cells of the - past."--_The Morning Post._ - - "It is impossible to speak too highly of the exceeding beauty of - this work."--_Cambridge Chronicle._ - - [Star symbol] May also be had in antique calf, or morocco. - - JOHN MURRAY, Albemarle Street. - - -MILMAN'S EDITION OF GIBBON. - - Second Edition, revised, with 13 Maps, 6 vols. 8vo., 3_l._ 3_s._ - - GIBBON'S DECLINE and FALL of the ROMAN EMPIRE. Edited, with Notes, - by the Rev. DEAN MILMAN and M. GUIZOT. - - This edition contains the author's unmutilated text and notes, - carefully revised, with notes by the editors to correct the errors - of Gibbon, and especially his misstatements regarding - Christianity. - - "The only edition extant to which parents and guardians and - academical authorities ought to give any measure of - countenance."--_Quarterly Review._ - - JOHN MURRAY, Albemarle Street. - - -Now Ready, Fourth Edition, Post 8vo., 15_s._ - - VISITS to the MONASTERIES of the LEVANT. By the Hon. ROBERT - CURZON, Jun. With numerous Illustrations. - - "This work is a most welcome addition to the stock of 'Travels in - the East,' and chiefly because it differs essentially from any - which have ever before fallen under our notice, whether the - subject-matter or the mode of handling it be considered. It - treats of thoroughly out-of-the-way and almost untrodden spots - and scenes, and in detailing the adventures which befel him in - his rambles in the East in quest of ancient manuscripts, the - author has contrived to present to the reader some eight and - twenty chapters of most agreeable writing, replete with - information on most interesting points. The result is this - delectable book, a bright and lively emanation from a happy and - cheerful mind."--_Times._ - - JOHN MURRAY, Albemarle Street. - - -Now Ready, 2 vols. 8vo., 30_s._ - - THE FIRST YEARS of the AMERICAN WAR: 1763-80. By LORD MAHON. - Forming Vols. 5 and 6 of the HISTORY of ENGLAND from the PEACE of - UTRECHT. - - JOHN MURRAY, Albemarle Street. - - -UNIFORM WITH HALLAM'S LITERARY HISTORY. - - Now Ready, 3 vols. 8vo., 42_s._ - - A HISTORY of SPANISH LITERATURE. With Criticism on Particular - Works, and Biographical Notices of Prominent Writers. By GEORGE - TICKNOR, Esq. - - "Ticknor's 'History of Spanish Literature' is a masterly - work."--_Alex. von Humboldt._ - - "A record which will be read with general satisfaction, and will - be lastingly valued for reference."--_Quarterly Review._ - - "The excellent 'History of Spanish Literature.'"--_Lord Mahon's - Address to the Society of Antiquaries._ - - "A masterly performance, and which perhaps, of all compositions - of the kind, has the most successfully combined popularity of - style with sound criticism and extensive research."--_Edinburgh - Review._ - - "It is a history in the better sense--dealing with men as well as - books, and eliciting, from the facts of literary production, the - higher truths of social civilisation. There is nothing to compare - with it on the subject of which it treats, and we may safely - predict that it is likely to hold its ground as a standard book - in English literature."--_Examiner._ - - "The masterly sweep of his general grasp, and the elaborated - finish of his constituent sketches."--_Morning Chronicle._ - - JOHN MURRAY, Albemarle Street. - - -HANDBOOK TO THE BRITISH MUSEUM. - - Now Ready, with 300 Woodcuts. Post 8vo., 7_s._ 6_d._ - - THE ANTIQUITIES IN THE BRITISH MUSEUM. Being a Description of the - Remains of Greek, Assyrian, Egyptian, and Etruscan Art preserved - there. By W. S. W. VAUX, F.S.A., Assistant in the department of - Antiquities, British Museum. - - JOHN MURRAY, Albemarle Street. - - -MR. HALLAM'S HISTORICAL WORKS. - - Now Ready. - - HALLAM'S VIEW of the STATE of EUROPE during the MIDDLE AGES. Ninth - Edition. 2 vols. 8vo. 24_s._ - - II. - - HALLAM'S CONSTITUTIONAL HISTORY of ENGLAND, from the Accession of - Henry VII. to the Death of George II. Sixth Edition. 2 vols. 8vo. - 24_s._ - - III. - - HALLAM'S INTRODUCTION to the LITERARY HISTORY of EUROPE, during - the 15th, 16th, and 17th Centuries. Second Edition. 2 vols. 8vo. - 36_s._ - - JOHN MURRAY, Albemarle Street. - - -BIOGRAPHIES BY LORD CAMPBELL. - - Now Ready, 2 vols. 8vo., 30_s._ - - LIVES OF THE CHIEF JUSTICES OF ENGLAND. From the Norman Conquest - to the Death of Lord Mansfield. By the Right Hon. LORD CAMPBELL. - - By the Same Author, 3rd Edition, 7 vols. 8vo. 102_s._ - - LIVES of the LORD CHANCELLORS of ENGLAND. From the Earliest Times - to the Death of Lord Eldon in 1838. - - JOHN MURRAY, Albemarle Street. - - -Now Ready, with Portraits, 3 vols. 8vo., 42_s._ - - LIVES of the FRIENDS and CONTEMPORARIES of LORD CHANCELLOR - CLARENDON, Illustrative of Portraits in his Gallery; with an - Account of the Origin of the Collection, and a Descriptive - Catalogue of the Pictures. By LADY THERESA LEWIS. - - JOHN MURRAY, Albemarle Street - - -Now Ready, 3 vols. 8vo., 42_s._ - - LIVES OF THE LINDSAYS; or, a Memoir of the HOUSES OF CRAWFORD AND - BALCARRES. By LORD LINDSAY. To which are added Extracts from the - Official Correspondence of Alexander, 6th Earl of Balcarres, - during the Maroon War; together with Personal Narratives, by his - Brothers the Hon. ROBERT, COLIN, JAMES, JOHN, and HUGH LINDSAY, - and by his Sister, Lady ANNE BARNARD. - - "It is by no means a constant fact, that every heraldic - painter shall execute his labour of love and reverence with - so much sincerity, delicacy, and patience, as Lord Lindsay - has. He has given us a book which Scott would have delighted - to honour." - - "The critic's task would be a holiday labour--instead of - being too often, as it is, a manufacture of bricks when the - supply of straw again and again fails--if it led him more - frequently to examine and exhibit such worthy books as Lord - Lindsay's."--_Athenaeum._ - - Also, by the Same, 3 vols. 8vo., 31_s._ 6_d._ - - SKETCHES of the HISTORY of CHRISTIAN ART. - - JOHN MURRAY, Albemarle Street. - - -Now Ready, with many Woodcuts, Post 8vo., 10_s._ 6_d._ - - AN ACCOUNT of the DANES AND NORTHMEN IN ENGLAND, SCOTLAND, AND - IRELAND. By J. J. A. WORSAAE, of Copenhagen. - - JOHN MURRAY, Albemarle Street. - - -THE PRESENT BOOK OF THE SEASON. - - This Day, with a Portrait, and Engravings of his Chief Works. - Printed in a Novel Style of Art, Fcap. 4to., 21_s._, in Ornamental - Binding. - - LIFE OF THOMAS STOTHARD, R.A. With Personal Reminiscences. By MRS. - BRAY. - - JOHN MURRAY, Albemarle Street. - - -ARNOLD'S SCHOOL EDITION OF ARISTOPHANES. - - Now ready, in 12mo. price 3_s._ 6_d._ - - ECLOGAE ARISTOPHANICAE, Part I.; Selections from the CLOUDS of - ARISTOPHANES, with ENGLISH NOTES, by Professor FELTON. Edited by - the Rev. THOMAS KERCHEVER ARNOLD, M.A., Rector of Lyndon, and late - Fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge. - - In this Edition the objectionable passages are omitted. - - RIVINGTONS, St. Paul's Churchyard, and Waterloo Place; - - Of whom may be had, the following volumes of Mr. ARNOLD'S SCHOOL - CLASSICS with ENGLISH NOTES. - - 1. SOPHOCLIS OEPIDUS TYRANNUS, 4_s._--2. The AJAX, 3_s._--3. The - PHILOCTETES, 3_s._--4. AESCHINES' ORATION against CTESIPHON, - 4_s._--5. THUCYDIDES, Book I., 5_s._ 6_d._--6. DEMOSTHENES' - OLYNTHIAC ORATIONS, 3_s._--7. The ORATION on the CROWN, 4_s._ - 6_d._--8. The PHILIPPIC ORATIONS, 4_s._ - - - - -Printed by THOMAS CLARK SHAW, of No. 8. New Street Square, at No. 5. New -Street Square, in the Parish of St. Bride, in the City of London; and -published by GEORGE BELL, of No. 186. Fleet Street, in the Parish of St. -Dunstan in the West, in the City of London, Publisher, at No. 186. Fleet -Street aforesaid.--Saturday, January 24. 1852. - - - - -[Transcriber's Note: List of volumes and content pages in "Notes and -Queries", Vol. I.-V.] - - +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+ - | Notes and Queries Vol. I. | - +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+ - | Vol., No. | Date, Year | Pages | PG # xxxxx | - +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+ - | Vol. I No. 1 | November 3, 1849 | 1 - 17 | PG # 8603 | - | Vol. I No. 2 | November 10, 1849 | 18 - 32 | PG # 11265 | - | Vol. I No. 3 | November 17, 1849 | 33 - 46 | PG # 11577 | - | Vol. I No. 4 | November 24, 1849 | 49 - 63 | PG # 13513 | - +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+ - | Vol. I No. 5 | December 1, 1849 | 65 - 80 | PG # 11636 | - | Vol. I No. 6 | December 8, 1849 | 81 - 95 | PG # 13550 | - | Vol. I No. 7 | December 15, 1849 | 97 - 112 | PG # 11651 | - | Vol. I No. 8 | December 22, 1849 | 113 - 128 | PG # 11652 | - | Vol. I No. 9 | December 29, 1849 | 130 - 144 | PG # 13521 | - +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+ - | Vol. I No. 10 | January 5, 1850 | 145 - 160 | PG # | - | Vol. I No. 11 | January 12, 1850 | 161 - 176 | PG # 11653 | - | Vol. I No. 12 | January 19, 1850 | 177 - 192 | PG # 11575 | - | Vol. I No. 13 | January 26, 1850 | 193 - 208 | PG # 11707 | - +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+ - | Vol. I No. 14 | February 2, 1850 | 209 - 224 | PG # 13558 | - | Vol. I No. 15 | February 9, 1850 | 225 - 238 | PG # 11929 | - | Vol. I No. 16 | February 16, 1850 | 241 - 256 | PG # 16193 | - | Vol. I No. 17 | February 23, 1850 | 257 - 271 | PG # 12018 | - +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+ - | Vol. I No. 18 | March 2, 1850 | 273 - 288 | PG # 13544 | - | Vol. I No. 19 | March 9, 1850 | 289 - 309 | PG # 13638 | - | Vol. I No. 20 | March 16, 1850 | 313 - 328 | PG # 16409 | - | Vol. I No. 21 | March 23, 1850 | 329 - 343 | PG # 11958 | - | Vol. I No. 22 | March 30, 1850 | 345 - 359 | PG # 12198 | - +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+ - | Vol. I No. 23 | April 6, 1850 | 361 - 376 | PG # 12505 | - | Vol. I No. 24 | April 13, 1850 | 377 - 392 | PG # 13925 | - | Vol. I No. 25 | April 20, 1850 | 393 - 408 | PG # 13747 | - | Vol. I No. 26 | April 27, 1850 | 409 - 423 | PG # 13822 | - +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+ - | Vol. I No. 27 | May 4, 1850 | 425 - 447 | PG # 13712 | - | Vol. I No. 28 | May 11, 1850 | 449 - 463 | PG # 13684 | - | Vol. I No. 29 | May 18, 1850 | 465 - 479 | PG # 15197 | - | Vol. I No. 30 | May 25, 1850 | 481 - 495 | PG # 13713 | - +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+ - | Notes and Queries Vol. II. | - +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+ - | Vol., No. | Date, Year | Pages | PG # xxxxx | - +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+ - | Vol. II No. 31 | June 1, 1850 | 1- 15 | PG # 12589 | - | Vol. II No. 32 | June 8, 1850 | 17- 32 | PG # 15996 | - | Vol. II No. 33 | June 15, 1850 | 33- 48 | PG # 26121 | - | Vol. II No. 34 | June 22, 1850 | 49- 64 | PG # 22127 | - | Vol. II No. 35 | June 29, 1850 | 65- 79 | PG # 22126 | - +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+ - | Vol. II No. 36 | July 6, 1850 | 81- 96 | PG # 13361 | - | Vol. II No. 37 | July 13, 1850 | 97-112 | PG # 13729 | - | Vol. II No. 38 | July 20, 1850 | 113-128 | PG # 13362 | - | Vol. II No. 39 | July 27, 1850 | 129-143 | PG # 13736 | - +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+ - | Vol. II No. 40 | August 3, 1850 | 145-159 | PG # 13389 | - | Vol. II No. 41 | August 10, 1850 | 161-176 | PG # 13393 | - | Vol. II No. 42 | August 17, 1850 | 177-191 | PG # 13411 | - | Vol. II No. 43 | August 24, 1850 | 193-207 | PG # 13406 | - | Vol. II No. 44 | August 31, 1850 | 209-223 | PG # 13426 | - +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+ - | Vol. II No. 45 | September 7, 1850 | 225-240 | PG # 13427 | - | Vol. II No. 46 | September 14, 1850 | 241-256 | PG # 13462 | - | Vol. II No. 47 | September 21, 1850 | 257-272 | PG # 13936 | - | Vol. II No. 48 | September 28, 1850 | 273-288 | PG # 13463 | - +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+ - | Vol. II No. 49 | October 5, 1850 | 289-304 | PG # 13480 | - | Vol. II No. 50 | October 12, 1850 | 305-320 | PG # 13551 | - | Vol. II No. 51 | October 19, 1850 | 321-351 | PG # 15232 | - | Vol. II No. 52 | October 26, 1850 | 353-367 | PG # 22624 | - +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+ - | Vol. II No. 53 | November 2, 1850 | 369-383 | PG # 13540 | - | Vol. II No. 54 | November 9, 1850 | 385-399 | PG # 22138 | - | Vol. II No. 55 | November 16, 1850 | 401-415 | PG # 15216 | - | Vol. II No. 56 | November 23, 1850 | 417-431 | PG # 15354 | - | Vol. II No. 57 | November 30, 1850 | 433-454 | PG # 15405 | - +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+ - | Vol. II No. 58 | December 7, 1850 | 457-470 | PG # 21503 | - | Vol. II No. 59 | December 14, 1850 | 473-486 | PG # 15427 | - | Vol. II No. 60 | December 21, 1850 | 489-502 | PG # 24803 | - | Vol. II No. 61 | December 28, 1850 | 505-524 | PG # 16404 | - +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+ - | Notes and Queries Vol. III. | - +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+ - | Vol., No. | Date, Year | Pages | PG # xxxxx | - +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+ - | Vol. III No. 62 | January 4, 1851 | 1- 15 | PG # 15638 | - | Vol. III No. 63 | January 11, 1851 | 17- 31 | PG # 15639 | - | Vol. III No. 64 | January 18, 1851 | 33- 47 | PG # 15640 | - | Vol. III No. 65 | January 25, 1851 | 49- 78 | PG # 15641 | - +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+ - | Vol. III No. 66 | February 1, 1851 | 81- 95 | PG # 22339 | - | Vol. III No. 67 | February 8, 1851 | 97-111 | PG # 22625 | - | Vol. III No. 68 | February 15, 1851 | 113-127 | PG # 22639 | - | Vol. III No. 69 | February 22, 1851 | 129-159 | PG # 23027 | - +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+ - | Vol. III No. 70 | March 1, 1851 | 161-174 | PG # 23204 | - | Vol. III No. 71 | March 8, 1851 | 177-200 | PG # 23205 | - | Vol. III No. 72 | March 15, 1851 | 201-215 | PG # 23212 | - | Vol. III No. 73 | March 22, 1851 | 217-231 | PG # 23225 | - | Vol. III No. 74 | March 29, 1851 | 233-255 | PG # 23282 | - +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+ - | Vol. III No. 75 | April 5, 1851 | 257-271 | PG # 23402 | - | Vol. III No. 76 | April 12, 1851 | 273-294 | PG # 26896 | - | Vol. III No. 77 | April 19, 1851 | 297-311 | PG # 26897 | - | Vol. III No. 78 | April 26, 1851 | 313-342 | PG # 26898 | - +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+ - | Vol. III No. 79 | May 3, 1851 | 345-359 | PG # 26899 | - | Vol. III No. 80 | May 10, 1851 | 361-382 | PG # 32495 | - | Vol. III No. 81 | May 17, 1851 | 385-399 | PG # 29318 | - | Vol. III No. 82 | May 24, 1851 | 401-415 | PG # 28311 | - | Vol. III No. 83 | May 31, 1851 | 417-440 | PG # 36835 | - +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+ - | Vol. III No. 84 | June 7, 1851 | 441-472 | PG # 37379 | - | Vol. III No. 85 | June 14, 1851 | 473-488 | PG # 37403 | - | Vol. III No. 86 | June 21, 1851 | 489-511 | PG # 37496 | - | Vol. III No. 87 | June 28, 1851 | 513-528 | PG # 37516 | - +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+ - | Notes and Queries Vol. IV. | - +-----------------+--------------------+---------+------------+ - | Vol., No. | Date, Year | Pages | PG # xxxxx | - +-----------------+--------------------+---------+------------+ - | Vol. IV No. 88 | July 5, 1851 | 1- 15 | PG # 37548 | - | Vol. IV No. 89 | July 12, 1851 | 17- 31 | PG # 37568 | - | Vol. IV No. 90 | July 19, 1851 | 33- 47 | PG # 37593 | - | Vol. IV No. 91 | July 26, 1851 | 49- 79 | PG # 37778 | - +-----------------+--------------------+---------+------------+ - | Vol. IV No. 92 | August 2, 1851 | 81- 94 | PG # 38324 | - | Vol. IV No. 93 | August 9, 1851 | 97-112 | PG # 38337 | - | Vol. IV No. 94 | August 16, 1851 | 113-127 | PG # 38350 | - | Vol. IV No. 95 | August 23, 1851 | 129-144 | PG # 38386 | - | Vol. IV No. 96 | August 30, 1851 | 145-167 | PG # 38405 | - +-----------------+--------------------+---------+------------+ - | Vol. IV No. 97 | Sept. 6, 1851 | 169-183 | PG # 38433 | - | Vol. IV No. 98 | Sept. 13, 1851 | 185-200 | PG # 38491 | - | Vol. IV No. 99 | Sept. 20, 1851 | 201-216 | PG # 38574 | - | Vol. IV No. 100 | Sept. 27, 1851 | 217-246 | PG # 38656 | - +-----------------+--------------------+---------+------------+ - | Vol. IV No. 101 | Oct. 4, 1851 | 249-264 | PG # 38701 | - | Vol. IV No. 102 | Oct. 11, 1851 | 265-287 | PG # 38773 | - | Vol. IV No. 103 | Oct. 18, 1851 | 289-303 | PG # 38864 | - | Vol. IV No. 104 | Oct. 25, 1851 | 305-333 | PG # 38926 | - +-----------------+--------------------+---------+------------+ - | Vol. IV No. 105 | Nov. 1, 1851 | 337-358 | PG # 39076 | - | Vol. IV No. 106 | Nov. 8, 1851 | 361-374 | PG # 39091 | - | Vol. IV No. 107 | Nov. 15, 1851 | 377-396 | PG # 39135 | - | Vol. IV No. 108 | Nov. 22, 1851 | 401-414 | PG # 39197 | - | Vol. IV No. 109 | Nov. 29, 1851 | 417-430 | PG # 39233 | - +-----------------+--------------------+---------+------------+ - | Vol. IV No. 110 | Dec. 6, 1851 | 433-460 | PG # 39338 | - | Vol. IV No. 111 | Dec. 13, 1851 | 465-478 | PG # 39393 | - | Vol. IV No. 112 | Dec. 20, 1851 | 481-494 | PG # 39438 | - | Vol. IV No. 113 | Dec. 27, 1851 | 497-510 | PG # 39503 | - +-----------------+--------------------+---------+------------+ - | Notes and Queries Vol. V. | - +-----------------+--------------------+---------+------------+ - | Vol., No. | Date, Year | Pages | PG # xxxxx | - +-----------------+--------------------+---------+------------+ - | Vol. V No. 114 | January 3, 1852 | 1-18 | PG # 40171 | - | Vol. V No. 115 | January 10, 1852 | 25-45 | PG # 40582 | - | Vol. V No. 116 | January 17, 1852 | 49-70 | PG # 40642 | - +-----------------+--------------------+---------+------------+ - | Vol I. Index. [Nov. 1849-May 1850] | PG # 13536 | - | INDEX TO THE SECOND VOLUME. MAY-DEC., 1850 | PG # 13571 | - | INDEX TO THE THIRD VOLUME. JAN.-JUNE, 1851 | PG # 26770 | - | INDEX TO THE FOURTH VOLUME. JULY-DEC., 1851 | PG # 40166 | - +------------------------------------------------+------------+ - - - - - - - -End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Notes and Queries, Vol. V, Number 117, -January 24, 1852, by Various - -*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES AND QUERIES, JAN 24, 1852 *** - -***** This file should be named 40678.txt or 40678.zip ***** -This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: - http://www.gutenberg.org/4/0/6/7/40678/ - -Produced by Charlene Taylor, Jonathan Ingram and the Online -Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This -file was produced from images generously made available -by The Internet Library of Early Journals.) - - -Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions -will be renamed. - -Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no -one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation -(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without -permission and without paying copyright royalties. Special rules, -set forth in the General Terms of Use part of this license, apply to -copying and distributing Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works to -protect the PROJECT GUTENBERG-tm concept and trademark. Project -Gutenberg is a registered trademark, and may not be used if you -charge for the eBooks, unless you receive specific permission. If you -do not charge anything for copies of this eBook, complying with the -rules is very easy. You may use this eBook for nearly any purpose -such as creation of derivative works, reports, performances and -research. They may be modified and printed and given away--you may do -practically ANYTHING with public domain eBooks. Redistribution is -subject to the trademark license, especially commercial -redistribution. - - - -*** START: FULL LICENSE *** - -THE FULL PROJECT GUTENBERG LICENSE -PLEASE READ THIS BEFORE YOU DISTRIBUTE OR USE THIS WORK - -To protect the Project Gutenberg-tm mission of promoting the free -distribution of electronic works, by using or distributing this work -(or any other work associated in any way with the phrase "Project -Gutenberg"), you agree to comply with all the terms of the Full Project -Gutenberg-tm License available with this file or online at - www.gutenberg.org/license. - - -Section 1. General Terms of Use and Redistributing Project Gutenberg-tm -electronic works - -1.A. By reading or using any part of this Project Gutenberg-tm -electronic work, you indicate that you have read, understand, agree to -and accept all the terms of this license and intellectual property -(trademark/copyright) agreement. If you do not agree to abide by all -the terms of this agreement, you must cease using and return or destroy -all copies of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works in your possession. -If you paid a fee for obtaining a copy of or access to a Project -Gutenberg-tm electronic work and you do not agree to be bound by the -terms of this agreement, you may obtain a refund from the person or -entity to whom you paid the fee as set forth in paragraph 1.E.8. - -1.B. "Project Gutenberg" is a registered trademark. It may only be -used on or associated in any way with an electronic work by people who -agree to be bound by the terms of this agreement. There are a few -things that you can do with most Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works -even without complying with the full terms of this agreement. See -paragraph 1.C below. There are a lot of things you can do with Project -Gutenberg-tm electronic works if you follow the terms of this agreement -and help preserve free future access to Project Gutenberg-tm electronic -works. See paragraph 1.E below. - -1.C. The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation ("the Foundation" -or PGLAF), owns a compilation copyright in the collection of Project -Gutenberg-tm electronic works. Nearly all the individual works in the -collection are in the public domain in the United States. If an -individual work is in the public domain in the United States and you are -located in the United States, we do not claim a right to prevent you from -copying, distributing, performing, displaying or creating derivative -works based on the work as long as all references to Project Gutenberg -are removed. Of course, we hope that you will support the Project -Gutenberg-tm mission of promoting free access to electronic works by -freely sharing Project Gutenberg-tm works in compliance with the terms of -this agreement for keeping the Project Gutenberg-tm name associated with -the work. You can easily comply with the terms of this agreement by -keeping this work in the same format with its attached full Project -Gutenberg-tm License when you share it without charge with others. - -1.D. The copyright laws of the place where you are located also govern -what you can do with this work. Copyright laws in most countries are in -a constant state of change. If you are outside the United States, check -the laws of your country in addition to the terms of this agreement -before downloading, copying, displaying, performing, distributing or -creating derivative works based on this work or any other Project -Gutenberg-tm work. The Foundation makes no representations concerning -the copyright status of any work in any country outside the United -States. - -1.E. Unless you have removed all references to Project Gutenberg: - -1.E.1. The following sentence, with active links to, or other immediate -access to, the full Project Gutenberg-tm License must appear prominently -whenever any copy of a Project Gutenberg-tm work (any work on which the -phrase "Project Gutenberg" appears, or with which the phrase "Project -Gutenberg" is associated) is accessed, displayed, performed, viewed, -copied or distributed: - -This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with -almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or -re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included -with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org - -1.E.2. If an individual Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work is derived -from the public domain (does not contain a notice indicating that it is -posted with permission of the copyright holder), the work can be copied -and distributed to anyone in the United States without paying any fees -or charges. If you are redistributing or providing access to a work -with the phrase "Project Gutenberg" associated with or appearing on the -work, you must comply either with the requirements of paragraphs 1.E.1 -through 1.E.7 or obtain permission for the use of the work and the -Project Gutenberg-tm trademark as set forth in paragraphs 1.E.8 or -1.E.9. - -1.E.3. If an individual Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work is posted -with the permission of the copyright holder, your use and distribution -must comply with both paragraphs 1.E.1 through 1.E.7 and any additional -terms imposed by the copyright holder. Additional terms will be linked -to the Project Gutenberg-tm License for all works posted with the -permission of the copyright holder found at the beginning of this work. - -1.E.4. Do not unlink or detach or remove the full Project Gutenberg-tm -License terms from this work, or any files containing a part of this -work or any other work associated with Project Gutenberg-tm. - -1.E.5. Do not copy, display, perform, distribute or redistribute this -electronic work, or any part of this electronic work, without -prominently displaying the sentence set forth in paragraph 1.E.1 with -active links or immediate access to the full terms of the Project -Gutenberg-tm License. - -1.E.6. You may convert to and distribute this work in any binary, -compressed, marked up, nonproprietary or proprietary form, including any -word processing or hypertext form. However, if you provide access to or -distribute copies of a Project Gutenberg-tm work in a format other than -"Plain Vanilla ASCII" or other format used in the official version -posted on the official Project Gutenberg-tm web site (www.gutenberg.org), -you must, at no additional cost, fee or expense to the user, provide a -copy, a means of exporting a copy, or a means of obtaining a copy upon -request, of the work in its original "Plain Vanilla ASCII" or other -form. Any alternate format must include the full Project Gutenberg-tm -License as specified in paragraph 1.E.1. - -1.E.7. Do not charge a fee for access to, viewing, displaying, -performing, copying or distributing any Project Gutenberg-tm works -unless you comply with paragraph 1.E.8 or 1.E.9. - -1.E.8. You may charge a reasonable fee for copies of or providing -access to or distributing Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works provided -that - -- You pay a royalty fee of 20% of the gross profits you derive from - the use of Project Gutenberg-tm works calculated using the method - you already use to calculate your applicable taxes. The fee is - owed to the owner of the Project Gutenberg-tm trademark, but he - has agreed to donate royalties under this paragraph to the - Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation. Royalty payments - must be paid within 60 days following each date on which you - prepare (or are legally required to prepare) your periodic tax - returns. Royalty payments should be clearly marked as such and - sent to the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation at the - address specified in Section 4, "Information about donations to - the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation." - -- You provide a full refund of any money paid by a user who notifies - you in writing (or by e-mail) within 30 days of receipt that s/he - does not agree to the terms of the full Project Gutenberg-tm - License. You must require such a user to return or - destroy all copies of the works possessed in a physical medium - and discontinue all use of and all access to other copies of - Project Gutenberg-tm works. - -- You provide, in accordance with paragraph 1.F.3, a full refund of any - money paid for a work or a replacement copy, if a defect in the - electronic work is discovered and reported to you within 90 days - of receipt of the work. - -- You comply with all other terms of this agreement for free - distribution of Project Gutenberg-tm works. - -1.E.9. If you wish to charge a fee or distribute a Project Gutenberg-tm -electronic work or group of works on different terms than are set -forth in this agreement, you must obtain permission in writing from -both the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation and Michael -Hart, the owner of the Project Gutenberg-tm trademark. Contact the -Foundation as set forth in Section 3 below. - -1.F. - -1.F.1. Project Gutenberg volunteers and employees expend considerable -effort to identify, do copyright research on, transcribe and proofread -public domain works in creating the Project Gutenberg-tm -collection. Despite these efforts, Project Gutenberg-tm electronic -works, and the medium on which they may be stored, may contain -"Defects," such as, but not limited to, incomplete, inaccurate or -corrupt data, transcription errors, a copyright or other intellectual -property infringement, a defective or damaged disk or other medium, a -computer virus, or computer codes that damage or cannot be read by -your equipment. - -1.F.2. LIMITED WARRANTY, DISCLAIMER OF DAMAGES - Except for the "Right -of Replacement or Refund" described in paragraph 1.F.3, the Project -Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation, the owner of the Project -Gutenberg-tm trademark, and any other party distributing a Project -Gutenberg-tm electronic work under this agreement, disclaim all -liability to you for damages, costs and expenses, including legal -fees. YOU AGREE THAT YOU HAVE NO REMEDIES FOR NEGLIGENCE, STRICT -LIABILITY, BREACH OF WARRANTY OR BREACH OF CONTRACT EXCEPT THOSE -PROVIDED IN PARAGRAPH 1.F.3. YOU AGREE THAT THE FOUNDATION, THE -TRADEMARK OWNER, AND ANY DISTRIBUTOR UNDER THIS AGREEMENT WILL NOT BE -LIABLE TO YOU FOR ACTUAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, CONSEQUENTIAL, PUNITIVE OR -INCIDENTAL DAMAGES EVEN IF YOU GIVE NOTICE OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH -DAMAGE. - -1.F.3. LIMITED RIGHT OF REPLACEMENT OR REFUND - If you discover a -defect in this electronic work within 90 days of receiving it, you can -receive a refund of the money (if any) you paid for it by sending a -written explanation to the person you received the work from. If you -received the work on a physical medium, you must return the medium with -your written explanation. The person or entity that provided you with -the defective work may elect to provide a replacement copy in lieu of a -refund. If you received the work electronically, the person or entity -providing it to you may choose to give you a second opportunity to -receive the work electronically in lieu of a refund. If the second copy -is also defective, you may demand a refund in writing without further -opportunities to fix the problem. - -1.F.4. Except for the limited right of replacement or refund set forth -in paragraph 1.F.3, this work is provided to you 'AS-IS', WITH NO OTHER -WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO -WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR ANY PURPOSE. - -1.F.5. Some states do not allow disclaimers of certain implied -warranties or the exclusion or limitation of certain types of damages. -If any disclaimer or limitation set forth in this agreement violates the -law of the state applicable to this agreement, the agreement shall be -interpreted to make the maximum disclaimer or limitation permitted by -the applicable state law. The invalidity or unenforceability of any -provision of this agreement shall not void the remaining provisions. - -1.F.6. INDEMNITY - You agree to indemnify and hold the Foundation, the -trademark owner, any agent or employee of the Foundation, anyone -providing copies of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works in accordance -with this agreement, and any volunteers associated with the production, -promotion and distribution of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works, -harmless from all liability, costs and expenses, including legal fees, -that arise directly or indirectly from any of the following which you do -or cause to occur: (a) distribution of this or any Project Gutenberg-tm -work, (b) alteration, modification, or additions or deletions to any -Project Gutenberg-tm work, and (c) any Defect you cause. - - -Section 2. Information about the Mission of Project Gutenberg-tm - -Project Gutenberg-tm is synonymous with the free distribution of -electronic works in formats readable by the widest variety of computers -including obsolete, old, middle-aged and new computers. It exists -because of the efforts of hundreds of volunteers and donations from -people in all walks of life. - -Volunteers and financial support to provide volunteers with the -assistance they need are critical to reaching Project Gutenberg-tm's -goals and ensuring that the Project Gutenberg-tm collection will -remain freely available for generations to come. In 2001, the Project -Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation was created to provide a secure -and permanent future for Project Gutenberg-tm and future generations. -To learn more about the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation -and how your efforts and donations can help, see Sections 3 and 4 -and the Foundation information page at www.gutenberg.org - - -Section 3. Information about the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive -Foundation - -The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation is a non profit -501(c)(3) educational corporation organized under the laws of the -state of Mississippi and granted tax exempt status by the Internal -Revenue Service. The Foundation's EIN or federal tax identification -number is 64-6221541. Contributions to the Project Gutenberg -Literary Archive Foundation are tax deductible to the full extent -permitted by U.S. federal laws and your state's laws. - -The Foundation's principal office is located at 4557 Melan Dr. S. -Fairbanks, AK, 99712., but its volunteers and employees are scattered -throughout numerous locations. Its business office is located at 809 -North 1500 West, Salt Lake City, UT 84116, (801) 596-1887. Email -contact links and up to date contact information can be found at the -Foundation's web site and official page at www.gutenberg.org/contact - -For additional contact information: - Dr. Gregory B. Newby - Chief Executive and Director - gbnewby@pglaf.org - -Section 4. Information about Donations to the Project Gutenberg -Literary Archive Foundation - -Project Gutenberg-tm depends upon and cannot survive without wide -spread public support and donations to carry out its mission of -increasing the number of public domain and licensed works that can be -freely distributed in machine readable form accessible by the widest -array of equipment including outdated equipment. Many small donations -($1 to $5,000) are particularly important to maintaining tax exempt -status with the IRS. - -The Foundation is committed to complying with the laws regulating -charities and charitable donations in all 50 states of the United -States. Compliance requirements are not uniform and it takes a -considerable effort, much paperwork and many fees to meet and keep up -with these requirements. We do not solicit donations in locations -where we have not received written confirmation of compliance. To -SEND DONATIONS or determine the status of compliance for any -particular state visit www.gutenberg.org/donate - -While we cannot and do not solicit contributions from states where we -have not met the solicitation requirements, we know of no prohibition -against accepting unsolicited donations from donors in such states who -approach us with offers to donate. - -International donations are gratefully accepted, but we cannot make -any statements concerning tax treatment of donations received from -outside the United States. U.S. laws alone swamp our small staff. - -Please check the Project Gutenberg Web pages for current donation -methods and addresses. Donations are accepted in a number of other -ways including checks, online payments and credit card donations. -To donate, please visit: www.gutenberg.org/donate - - -Section 5. General Information About Project Gutenberg-tm electronic -works. - -Professor Michael S. Hart was the originator of the Project Gutenberg-tm -concept of a library of electronic works that could be freely shared -with anyone. For forty years, he produced and distributed Project -Gutenberg-tm eBooks with only a loose network of volunteer support. - -Project Gutenberg-tm eBooks are often created from several printed -editions, all of which are confirmed as Public Domain in the U.S. -unless a copyright notice is included. Thus, we do not necessarily -keep eBooks in compliance with any particular paper edition. - -Most people start at our Web site which has the main PG search facility: - - www.gutenberg.org - -This Web site includes information about Project Gutenberg-tm, -including how to make donations to the Project Gutenberg Literary -Archive Foundation, how to help produce our new eBooks, and how to -subscribe to our email newsletter to hear about new eBooks. |