diff options
Diffstat (limited to '40554-8.txt')
| -rw-r--r-- | 40554-8.txt | 6962 |
1 files changed, 0 insertions, 6962 deletions
diff --git a/40554-8.txt b/40554-8.txt deleted file mode 100644 index dbea1bc..0000000 --- a/40554-8.txt +++ /dev/null @@ -1,6962 +0,0 @@ -The Project Gutenberg EBook of Journal of a Horticultural Tour through -Germany, Belgium, and part of France, in the Autumn of 1835, by James Forbes - -This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with -almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or -re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included -with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org - - -Title: Journal of a Horticultural Tour through Germany, Belgium, and part of France, in the Autumn of 1835 - To which is added, a Catalogue of the different Species - of Cacteĉ in the Gardens at Woburn Abbey. - -Author: James Forbes - -Release Date: August 21, 2012 [EBook #40554] - -Language: English - -Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1 - -*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK HORTICULTURAL TOUR *** - - - - -Produced by Maria Grist and the Online Distributed -Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This file was -produced from images generously made available by the -Bibliothèque nationale de France (BnF/Gallica) at -http://gallica.bnf.fr) - - - - - - Transcriber's Notes (more notes at the end of this file) - - Small capitals have been changed to all capitals. - Italics have been represented between underscores thus: _italic text_. - Bold text has been represented between equals signs thus: =bold text=. - oe ligatures have been represented as per this example: Bel[oe]il - Triangular symbol represented thus: /_\ - Asterisms are represented thus: [***] - Tables have been split into two in order to retain reasonably short - line lengths. Some spaces between words in the tables have been - deleted in order to maintain length of lines. - It is suggested that tables be viewed using a fixed-width font. - - - - - JOURNAL - OF A - - HORTICULTURAL TOUR - - THROUGH - GERMANY, BELGIUM, - AND PART OF FRANCE, - IN THE AUTUMN OF 1835. - - TO WHICH IS ADDED, - A CATALOGUE OF THE DIFFERENT SPECIES OF CACTEĈ - IN THE GARDENS AT WOBURN ABBEY. - - BY JAMES FORBES, A.L.S., - CORRESPONDING MEMBER OF THE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY, - AUTHOR OF "HORTUS WOBURNENSIS," ETC. - - LONDON: - JAMES RIDGWAY AND SONS, PICCADILLY. - 1837. - - - CHELSEA: - PRINTED BY WILLIAM BLATCH, 23, EXETER STREET, - SLOANE STREET. - - - TO - - M. OTTO, - - DIRECTOR OF THE ROYAL BOTANIC GARDENS, - BERLIN, - - THE FOLLOWING PAGES ARE MOST RESPECTFULLY DEDICATED, - AS A SLIGHT - TESTIMONY OF GRATITUDE FOR HIS KINDNESS, - AND AS A - TRIBUTE TO HIS INDEFATIGABLE ZEAL - IN THE - PROMOTION OF BOTANICAL SCIENCE, - - BY HIS OBLIGED AND FAITHFUL SERVANT, - - JAMES FORBES. - - - - -PREFACE. - - -The continental gardens and botanical collections having been rarely -visited by the British gardener, his Grace the Duke of Bedford, with his -usual anxiety for the promotion of useful knowledge, very liberally and -kindly proposed in the autumn of 1835 that I should undertake a -Horticultural Tour, through several parts of Germany, Belgium, and -France, with a view of inspecting the different collections and -productions cultivated in some of the most celebrated horticultural -establishments in these countries. - -The notes which are now submitted to the public contain a cursory detail -of the various gardens and objects that came under my observation -during a tour occupying a space of eight weeks,--a period of time which -the reader will readily understand required the utmost diligence on my -part to fulfil the objects I had in view. Yet I was enabled to -investigate such modes of culture as were adopted in the principal -gardens, where the produce appeared in any way superior to our own; to -become thoroughly acquainted with the different systems practised at -various seasons of the year would have required an actual residence of -many months. - -In the mode of forcing fruits and management of the kitchen garden -department, the English gardener will find but little abroad superior to -what he is daily accustomed to see at home. It must however be observed -that the zeal and anxiety displayed throughout Germany in the -cultivation and increase of their collections of plants are in no way -inferior to our own. In fact, in succulent plants they far surpass us; -more particularly in their collections of Cacteĉ, which appeared to be a -favourite tribe in the principal establishments on the continent. They -are certainly deserving of a more extensive cultivation in this country -than they have hitherto obtained. Their various shapes, numerous spines, -angles, and the splendid flowers of many of the species, form an -interesting and pleasing addition to our botanical establishments; and -of all plants requiring the protection of the greenhouse and artificial -heat, the Cacteĉ may be cultivated at the least expense, and exact less -attendance than is generally requisite for hothouse plants. The Palmĉ -are also extensively cultivated throughout the continent, and -notwithstanding many of them are planted in gloomy habitations they were -in general very healthy, and evidently more suitable inhabitants for -such structures than the deciduous or hard-wooded species. The hothouses -erected for the cultivation of plants throughout the Prussian dominions -consist of opaque roofs, furnished only with upright lights, which are -ill adapted for the flowering or bringing to perfection many of the -tender species. - -In most parts of Germany the pleasure grounds are very deficient in -evergreens, frost being so intense in that country that the -_Rhododendron ponticum_, _Arbutus_, _Laurustinus_, _Daphne_, _Portugal_, -and even common _Laurel_, require the protection of the greenhouse -during the winter season. If these grounds, however, are deficient in -evergreens, they are richly decorated, in most instances, with -ornamental vases, statues, and numerous groups of fine sculpture, which -contribute greatly to the embellishment of a pleasure-ground. As far as -architecture and sculpture are concerned, the continental royal gardens -far surpass those in England; but there did not appear to me in the -quarters I visited to be a spirit for garden-improvement equal to that -which is so generally prevalent in this country. - -It now only remains for me to take this opportunity of returning my -thanks to those whose kindness afforded me considerable facilities in -viewing the different gardens described in this tour; they are, however, -more especially due to those horticulturists of Germany by whose -liberality I have been enabled to add above six hundred new and curious -plants to the splendid collection at Woburn Abbey, entrusted to my care; -and I must add, that I found a cheerful inclination, in most instances, -to enter into a correspondence for the mutual exchange of plants and -seeds. The few remarks on different objects, not immediately connected -with Horticulture, which I have ventured to introduce, will it is hoped -be received with that indulgence which my imperfect acquaintance with -such matters may require. - -J. F. - - - - - JOURNAL - OF A - HORTICULTURAL TOUR, - IN 1835. - - -August 19th. Left the Custom House at six o'clock, a. m., by the William -Joliffe steam-packet, for Hamburgh; but having a strong easterly wind -a-head, we did not pass the sunk light until a little past four o'clock -in the afternoon. - -20th. Sailing at the rate of six miles per hour; still a strong easterly -wind a-head, but a beautiful day, and the sky clear from clouds; about -twelve o'clock we were about twenty-five miles off the Texel, with a -fresh breeze still right a-head. - -21st. A beautiful day, but the wind still continuing against us, we -sailed only at the rate of seven miles per hour. About nine o'clock in -the morning the small isle of Heligoland made its appearance, much to -the gratification of the passengers, this island being only a hundred -miles from Hamburgh. It is said to contain from three to four thousand -inhabitants, who are chiefly occupied in fishing; haddocks and lobsters -are very abundant in its immediate neighbourhood, which are taken in -great numbers to the Hamburgh as well as the London markets. The island -is said to be nearly a mile in length, and about half a mile in breadth, -and now belongs to the British government. At twenty minutes past twelve -o'clock we entered the Elbe, where two light ships are stationed, in -consequence of the sandbanks, which are rather dangerous in that part of -the passage. - -The island of Newark-Farm is distant only from three to four miles from -the mouth of the Elbe; the houses and cattle were now pleasing objects -in view. About three o'clock in the afternoon we arrived at Cuxhaven, -which is a small sea-port town, and is in the territory belonging to the -town of Hamburgh. It is a very fashionable bathing spot: and a large -concourse of ladies and gentlemen assembled at the haven when the steam -packet neared the shore. About four o'clock we experienced some heavy -drops of rain, with very loud claps of thunder, and towards evening -numerous broad flashes of lightning, very vivid, which appeared to skirt -along near the ground. On passing along the Elbe, we found it much -crowded with numerous sailing vessels, making the best of their way to -and from Hamburgh. These, with a variety of handsome church-spires -peeping out amongst various clumps of trees on both sides of the river, -gave the scenery a pleasing and picturesque appearance. We have also -here at the same time in view a part of the king of Denmark's dominions, -as well as a portion of the Hanoverian territories. - -August 22nd. Arrived in the harbour at Hamburgh at half-past twelve -o'clock in the morning; but by the time we got out our luggage, and -boats to take us ashore, it was getting close on to eight o'clock. -Shortly after my arrival I proceeded to Flottbeck, to see the nursery -gardens of Mr. Booth, which are situated close by the banks of the Elbe, -about four English miles from Hamburgh. In this nursery I was much -gratified by the extensive collection of plants; there are about one -hundred acres of ground under nursery stock, consisting principally of -ornamental trees and shrubs, including a great variety of new species, -that I had not previously seen in any of our British nurseries. Mr. -Booth is a most enthusiastic practical botanist, and spares no expence -for the introduction of new and rare plants to his collection. He has -arranged along the edges of a walk which is nearly a mile in length a -collection of hardy trees and shrubs, which are so planted that the -different species of each genus are brought at once under view for -comparison. The whole are arranged according to the _Natural System_ of -_Jussieu_. The herbaceous ground contains above four thousand species -of hardy perennial plants: there are also above twelve hundred -different varieties of roses. The hothouses allotted for the growth of -exotics and Cape plants are about five hundred feet in length, with a -range of pits nearly four hundred feet long for the low and half-hardy -species. The collection of _Cacteĉ_ here amounts to nearly four hundred -different species; amongst them are many curious and interesting sorts. -There are also some fine specimens of palms, and numerous fine exotics; -the collection of Cape and New Holland plants is likewise very -extensive. The passion for _Orchideĉ_ has also extended to this part of -Germany; Mr. Booth has a great variety of this tribe of plants, and is -building a house solely for their cultivation: he is likewise -constructing pits, for the growth of the pine-apple. He has a very fine -collection of the _Genus Pinus_, and shewed me several new species that -he had raised from seeds, which were considered to be new and -undescribed sorts. I saw a species much resembling our _Pinus -palustris_, with fine long foliage. Mr. Booth calls it the palustris -_excelsa_, and informs me that it grows to a great height, and is -perfectly hardy, having stood this winter ten degrees of frost, Reaumur, -which is equal to twenty three Fahrenheit, without sustaining the least -injury, although quite exposed. - -I could not but admire the neatness in which the plants and grounds in -this extensive establishment were kept, and notwithstanding the extreme -dryness of the weather, (not having had any rain for nine weeks in that -part of the country,) the plants were looking all in a healthy and -flourishing state; but the watering of such a collection for so many -weeks must have been attended with an enormous expence. - -August 23rd. Being accompanied by Mr. Booth, we proceeded along the -banks of the Elbe to the villa of M. de la Camp, which is situated close -by the road, commanding a most beautiful view of the Elbe and its -shipping, as well as Finkenwarder, an island on the opposite side of the -Elbe, the one half of which belongs to Hanover, and the other half to -Hamburgh. This island produces a very hardy species of oak, which was -found there some years ago, and is called the _Quercus Falkenbergense_. -M. de la Camp has formed a very complete vineyard on the banks of the -Elbe, which was in a very prolific state, as were also the vines that -formed an arbour to the front of this gentleman's house. - -From this we next proceeded some miles further along the Elbe banks, to -the seat of Mr. Baur at Blankanese. This gentleman is a wealthy -merchant, and has expended an immense sum of money in the formation of -his grounds, according to the English system of gardening. He has formed -numerous walks and artificial banks, that command extensive views of the -Elbe. These walks and banks, were staked out by Mr. Baur personally, -who, I have no hesitation in saying, has displayed a very superior -taste; they are remarkably well executed: in short, the banks and -valleys appeared as if they had been formed by nature, but they are -principally the work of art. I however regretted not to find a -corresponding taste for good plants, to keep pace with the other -extensive ground improvements that this gentleman has completed and is -proceeding with. - -Close by the Elbe are situated several small forcing houses for fruits, -a greenhouse, orangery, and some low pits for the cultivation of the -pine-apple, which has been grown here for several years; but they do not -seem yet to have made much progress in the cultivation of this fruit. In -front of these houses there is a terrace-wall, that separates the -garden-ground from the Elbe, which washes up against it. The stones with -which this wall was built were brought a distance of from four to five -hundred miles (from Saxony) for this purpose; and it is executed in a -very superior manner. On the highest part of the grounds there has been -lately erected a handsome Chinese pagoda, which commands a beautiful -prospect of the Elbe and its shipping, as well as the opposite island -and Hanoverian dominions. A round tower also been lately built, which -forms a pretty object in these grounds; several other objects of -interest are also to be seen dispersed in various parts, which are -considered superior to any other gardens in the neighbourhood of -Hamburgh, and are consequently much frequented every Sunday by -visitors, as on that day it is open to the public. We were obliged to -take our departure from them much sooner than I could have wished, owing -to a very heavy shower of rain which continued for a considerable time; -and it being the only rain of any consequence that had fallen in the -course of nine weeks, it was very agreeable to that part of the country. -Mr. Baur has recently built in these grounds a very handsome house, -according to the English style of building, but it is not yet inhabited. -It was impossible not to admire the very superior and substantial manner -in which the works are all executed in this gentleman's establishment. - -On my return from this place to Flottbeck, I then proceeded back to -Hamburgh: when on my way I was much surprised to observe bricklayers in -some places busy at work, although Sunday. Towards the evening, the rain -had quite abated; I then made the best of my way for the Botanic -Gardens, which are situated in the suburbs of the town, on a part of the -ground which, during the reign of Buonaparte, formed a strong -fortification, but these have recently been demolished: they are now -laid out as a public promenade for the inhabitants of the town, and -likewise a Botanical establishment for the cultivation of plants, and -from its beautiful situation, it is certainly one of the best chosen -sites for this purpose that has come under my observation. It appeared -to be of considerable extent, and irregular form, sloping in part of -it, down to the old rampart ditch, which now forms a handsome piece of -water, bounding the garden, and separating it from the promenade on the -opposite side, which being laid out as a pleasure ground, with clumps of -trees and shrubs on the grass, when viewed from the Botanic Garden, -gives a stranger the idea that it is a part of the Botanical -establishment, giving the latter a much more extensive appearance than -it actually possesses. The extent of hothouses for the growth of exotic -and Cape plants, is rather limited, and did not seem to be more than -about two hundred and fifty feet in length. I here observed some very -fine specimens of _Cacteĉ_, and likewise several rare species of -_Palms_, such as the _Zamia_, _Frideriis_, _Guilielmi_, _Ĉtensteinii_, -_Lehmanii_, _Caffra_, and _Horrida_. I also was much delighted by seeing -in flower, a very pretty plant, called the _Olendorfia procumbens_, -which I believe has not yet made its appearance in England. A great -portion of the ground in this establishment is occupied by trees and -shrubs, which are cultivated for sale, for the support of the garden, -consequently much ground is taken up by these, which ought to be -assigned to single specimens. In the herbaceous ground, there is also an -extensive collection of hardy perennial plants. - -August 24th. Went at five o'clock in the morning, to see the fruit and -vegetable market, which seemed to be well supplied with fruit and -culinary vegetables. I observed large quantities of the new Orleans -plum, summer Bergamot pear, and the black cherries, which appeared to -be larger than the same sort (Hertford blacks,) grown in this country. -The _Haricot bean_, is also in great repute in Germany, and certainly -deserves to be more extensively cultivated in this country, than it -hitherto has been, as it forms an excellent substitute for the _French -bean_ or the _scarlet runner_, which is cultivated here in preference. - -After seeing the fruit and vegetable market, I next proceeded to view -the promenade which surrounds the greater part of the town, and adds -greatly to the comfort of the inhabitants, as well as to the beauty and -scenery of the immediate vicinity of Hamburgh. This promenade is laid -out very tastefully with numerous clumps of trees and shrubs, various -capacious walks leading to different points of view, and objects around -the town, sloping towards the old rampart ditch, which is now formed -into a handsome irregular piece of water, which enlivens the scenery, -and gives the promenade an appearance equal to any pleasure ground in -this country. The side facing the town of Altona, is really beautiful; -the space of ground leading from the Hamburgh gate, at the Altona side -of the town, is very picturesque, especially as we approach towards the -Harbour or Docks, whither we are guided by a broad walk, leading to a -high projection, or point of view, where we have a delightful prospect -of the shipping on the Elbe, with its surrounding scenery for several -miles in extent. The formation of this promenade was commenced about -sixteen years ago, is now annually progressing, and advancing towards -completion, under the superintendance of Mr. Altuman, who has displayed -great taste, in his arrangement of the walks, clumps of trees, and -shrubs, as well as the formation of the water. The _Alster Lake_, is -situated at the north side of the town, extending about twelve miles in -that direction, and adds considerably to the beauty of the scenery in -that neighbourhood. It also contributes greatly to the convenience of -the town, as numerous boats, with various commodities, are brought to -Hamburgh on its surface. The promenades leading to the town of Altona, -are also deserving of notice; long avenues intersecting each other are -here formed, by double rows of the Lime, Elm, and Poplar trees, with -large spaces of grass lawn, intervening betwixt them. After making a -tour round the promenade, I next proceeded to view the principal parts -of the town, and its churches, which are very splendidly fitted up. The -streets of Hamburgh are narrow and paved with round stones, which are -not very agreeable to those unaccustomed to walk upon them; the most -fashionable part of the town is the side next the Alster Lake, which is -much frequented in the evenings. - -After getting my passport examined and signed, and securing a place in -the diligence for Berlin, I next accompanied Mr. Booth the seedsman, -(brother to the nursery man,) in a drive round the outskirts of the -town, where there are some pretty villas, and also various tea gardens, -which, although a week day, appeared to be well attended. I was rather -surprised to find at 5 o'clock in the afternoon, a large concourse of -ladies and gentlemen assembled in front of a small theatrical -performance, which it appeared was the daily practice in that part of -the country, the ladies being occupied sewing and knitting, and others -drinking coffee. The town of Hamburgh is said to contain above a hundred -thousand inhabitants, and they certainly appeared to me to be in a very -flourishing state. In short the general appearance and respectability of -the inhabitants, that prevailed throughout the town and its vicinity was -very striking. At eight o'clock in the evening, I took my departure from -Hamburgh, by the _Schnell-post_, (diligence) for Berlin, which was -accomplished in one day and two nights travelling; here I had a good -specimen of diligence _expedition_, especially for the first eight -hours, being placed in one of the bye chaises, which is only calculated -to hold four passengers, and is of much less dimensions than the main -diligence, and much lighter; I fully expected every moment to be upset, -as a great part of this road between Hamburgh and Boisenburgh, is full -of large deep ruts that kept us completely on the rock for many miles, -but after we passed the latter town, we then had an excellent road, yet -the speed of our crawling conveyance was but very little increased. The -roads throughout all the Prussian territories that I have travelled on, -appeared to be in excellent repair. - -August 25th. Arrived at a small town called _Ludwigslust_, about one -o'clock, where we dined, and stopped nearly an hour, which enabled me to -make a hasty visit to the grounds, attached to the beautiful palace of -the grand Duke of Mecklenburgh, who generally resides here. In front of -the palace are pretty jets of water, but the most imposing sight, is a -fine avenue of limes, that leads from a large piece of lawn adjoining -the palace; the avenue appeared to be nearly a mile in length, and had -several walks branching from the right and left, through a shrubbery, or -rather plantation, where there were also several small pieces of water. -Close to the palace is an old orangery, with some good trees standing in -front of it. At a short distance, and nearly opposite to the palace, is -a handsome building, called the "Augusta Villa," with an extensive piece -of pleasure ground, laid out after the English mode of gardening, with -numerous clumps of trees, and shrubs dispersed on the lawn; the walks -and grounds appeared to be in very good order, but I was unable to -examine the extent of the collection of plants that it contained. In the -vicinity of Ludwigslust, there were several orchards, and large pieces -of ground under vegetable culture. The country from this town as far as -Warnow, was rather more varied than that we previously passed, but the -soil appeared light and sandy, and Scotch firs, the only trees observed -in the plantations in view. At Warnow our luggage was examined by the -police, and our passports demanded, and detained until we arrived in the -town of Perlebergh, when they were again examined, and then returned to -us. - -August 26th. Arrived at half past three, A. M. at Nauen, a small town -about twenty five English miles from Berlin; this place appeared -conspicuous, from the number of small flour mills, situated in the river -Havel, which passes close to the town. About 6 o'clock in the morning, -we had reached to a small town, called Spandau, which is said to contain -about 5000 inhabitants, and appeared to be strongly fortified: it is -only ten miles distant from Berlin, where we happily arrived at about 8 -o'clock in the morning. As we approached the city, the country looked -more cheerful, and in a better state of cultivation, the soil also was -of a more fertile quality, and trees and plantations more numerous. I -was very much pleased by observing growing by the road side, several -species of Alpine plants which are not easily to be met with in this -country, in an indigenous state. The _Gentiana Pneumonanthe_, appeared -in great abundance, and with its brilliant blue flowers was to me -pleasingly conspicuous; but the diligence, although slow, was yet too -fast to allow me time to procure a few specimens. On passing the -magnificent palace of Charlottenburg, I was much struck with its -extensive appearance, and fine park, leading from it all the way to -Berlin, through the Brandenburg gate, and along the Linden or lime tree -walk, to the splendid university, armoury, museum, and other large -buildings, and handsome bridges, with the statues placed on them, its -magnificent palaces, which all appear in view from the diligence, by -this the Hamburgh line of road, and to the eye of a stranger has a grand -effect, giving him the idea of a great and noble city, by seeing so many -magnificent buildings immediately as he enters the town. Within a few -stages of Berlin I met with Mr. Parker, Bookseller, from Oxford, -travelling in the main Diligence, where I joined him; on our arrival in -the city, we took up our abode, in the St. Petersburgh hotel, after -breakfast we separated, he in search of books, while I went to visit the -Royal Botanic Gardens at Schoenburgh, which are situated about three -English miles from Berlin, where I was much gratified by the many fine -specimens of plants that I saw. Having letters of introduction to M. -Otto, from Sir W. Hooker and Dr. Lindley, as well as from his old friend -Mr. Hunneman, I experienced the greatest attention from him, he took -great pains in pointing out to me the various new and curious plants in -this extensive collection. There were some very fine species of _Palms_, -in great beauty, nearly reaching to the top of the hothouse, which is -about thirty feet in height. The _Latania borbonica_, was particularly -fine, and had attained nearly twenty five feet in height, its foliage or -fronds extending from ten to twelve feet on each side from its stem. -The _Gomutus saccharifer_, had also reached to the height of twenty five -feet, and numerous other choice specimens of the Palmĉ, were in an -equally healthy and luxuriant state, and of little less dimensions than -those specified. The _Aristolochia brasiliensis_ was particularly fine, -covered with long beautiful speckled flowers, that extended over a large -part of the rafters. Many new and fine specimens of the _Gesneras_ were -also in flower; they appeared different from any that I had previously -seen in this country. Some of the _Melaleucas_; in the conservatory had -grown to the height of nearly forty feet; the _Magnolia grandiflora_, -which requires the protection of the conservatory during the winter -months was now covered with fine large flowers. Numerous other species -of New Holland plants, had grown to an amazing height in the -conservatory. - -The hothouses in this garden are placed in several separate ranges, and -are very substantially built in comparison to our erections in England. -The quantity of timber employed in the rafters is immense, but giving -them a very heavy appearance; yet I have rarely met with a more healthy -collection of plants anywhere; they may be considered the most extensive -on the continent of Europe. In short, I never before saw so many plants -cultivated in pots. The numerous species of New Holland and Cape -_genera_ were quite astonishing, as well as the hardy and Alpine -species. As to the Cacteĉ, there can be no hesitation in saying that -the collection in these gardens of this curious tribe of plants really -comprises the most beautifully grown specimens that I have ever seen; -the different species that have grown to a considerable size have a very -interesting appearance, particularly the _Mammillaria_ and -_Echinocactus_ tribes; with their numerous spines and angles, they form -a pleasing object either in or out of flower. M. Otto has long been -celebrated for his ardent love to this curious tribe of plants, and he -certainly has succeeded in forming a valuable collection. The species of -_Ferns_ in these gardens are likewise very numerous, and there are many -very fine specimens amongst them, which have grown to a great size. I -could not but admire the very tasteful manner in which the Cape and New -Holland plants were arranged out of doors in the summer months, and -which were neatly plunged to the rims of the pots, to prevent them from -being blown about by the wind. The _Bignonia radicans_ formed a very -prominent object against the end wall of one of the hothouses; the -luxuriance and brilliancy of its flowers far surpassed any that I had -previously seen. A fine specimen of the _Laurus indica_, which must have -been fully twenty feet in height, was standing out of doors, and obliged -to be cut down, as it was getting too high for the house in which it -stood in the winter season. The _Robinia Pseudacacia_, _inermis_ and -_tortuosa_ were both splendid trees, which ornamented the grass lawn. -The _Magnolia acuminata_, also a beautiful specimen, as well as the -_Quercus palustris_, and _rubra_; both had attained a great size, and -were handsome trees, as well as several other species of this genus. Mr. -Otto having kindly requested Mr. W. Brackenridge, who had been for some -time from Scotland, residing in the neighbourhood of Berlin, and was -then employed in the Botanic gardens, to accompany me the following day -to such places as he considered most deserving of notice, I arranged -with him to be ready betwixt six and seven o'clock in the morning, to -proceed to the different gardens. - -August 27th. We started at seven o'clock in the morning, to the royal -gardens at Charlottenburg palace, which are situated about four English -miles from Berlin. The grounds attached to this royal palace, are said -to contain four hundred English acres, laid out with various walks, -clumps of trees and shrubs, as well as several pieces of water, -embracing some very fine views from different points notwithstanding its -being a flat surface, but it is much diversified by trees, bridges, and -sheets of water that intersect the lawn. There are several bridges -leading across the stream to the most ornamental and picturesque parts. -The palace is also seen to great advantage from several points in the -grounds. A very fine specimen of the _Quercus palustris_ was in great -beauty on the grass. I also saw some very large trees of the _Populus -alba_, which were considerably larger than any tree of this species -that I had previously seen. M. Fintelman, the superintendant of the -royal gardens, pointed out to us a very complete _Fructiferum_, that he -had lately formed in these grounds, comprising a collection of all the -hardy fruits. Nearly adjoining to the palace, is a very handsome little -flower garden, lately executed for the growth of the dwarf flowering -perennials and annuals. I was much pleased by an arbour formed with the -different species of Cape and New Holland plants, that are rather -flexible in their growth; the pots in which the plants grew, were all -plunged round the back, the branches tied closely to it and thickly -covered, producing a great variety of foliage, and pleasing effect, and -having the appearance of growing there permanently throughout the -season. Opposite to this Botany Bay, or Cape Arbour, is a pretty summer -house, which is chiefly composed of reeds. In the centre of the flower -garden, there are various posts with iron rods extended from them for -the training of creepers. Again, at the extremity, is an artificial -grass bank, considerably elevated above the flower beds, planted with -the dwarf china rose, which has a very good and natural effect. The -orange-house is an oblong building, of great length, with opaque roof -and backwall, upright lights only in the front, completely covered with -grape vines, having a very fine crop of fruit all over them. The orange -trees were all in excellent health, some of them bearing separately -nearly two hundred fruit; there are about three hundred of these trees -cultivated here. I also saw a fine variety of Dahlias, and various -other beautiful flowering plants in great perfection; these Dahlias are -fully as good as any I had seen in England; great attention is paid to -these flowers by M. Fintelman, who took great delight in pointing out -the various objects most worthy of notice in these grounds. Having -devoted several hours to the inspection of this extensive establishment, -we then took our leave of M. F. and proceeded back to Berlin, when I had -another opportunity of observing more fully the various improvements, -that are now going forward in the Thier-garten, or park, which extends -from the royal palace of Charlottenburg, to the Brandenburg gate. This -park is considered one of the finest in Europe, and is now undergoing -extensive alterations, the grounds forming in several places so as to -harmonize with the English style of landscape gardening; numerous walk -and rides leading in various directions, with groups of sculpture, make -this an interesting promenade for the public, by whom it is much -thronged, particularly in the evenings. It is approached from Berlin by -the Brandenburg gate, which cannot fail to attract the stranger's -notice. It has a most magnificent appearance; on the top of this gate -stand the celebrated bronze horses, removed by Buonaparte to Paris, but -were again replaced by the Prussians in their original site. In front of -the Royal Museum, is a very handsome marble vase, which measures about -sixty four feet in circumference, and four feet in depth; a handsome -fountain is also playing, throwing the water to a great height. The -ground floor of the museum is occupied as a sculpture gallery, which -contains numerous statues, and busts; but it appeared to me to be -deficient of the finer groups. I was however much pleased with the -beautiful imitation marble columns of various colours, which have a -polish equal to the original. The picture gallery is above that devoted -to the sculpture, and I could not but admire the beautiful state of -preservation of the paintings, and their very admirable arrangement. -From hence we proceeded to the nursery grounds of M. Bouschie, which are -not of much extent, nor yet is there much for the Horticulturist to -admire, except some very fine specimens of the _Cacteĉ_ (_Opuntia_) -tribe; some of the species are from eight to ten feet in height. After -visiting this nursery, we then proceeded to the forcing gardens of M. -Bouschie, who grows a large quantity of pine apples and peaches for the -Berlin market; the pine apples were very small, and much inferior to our -English grown fruit; the crop of peaches was very abundant, but not of a -large size, the trees old, and the hothouses of a very inferior -description. We next proceeded to the nursery garden of M. Touissaint, -which appeared to contain a much better collection of the Cape and New -Holland plants, than any of the other nurseries I had previously seen in -Berlin. Here was a good collection of the more hardy species of -_Rhododendrons_; the forcing of flowers is likewise extensively -practised in this establishment, and the grounds in very good order. I -next visited the nursery ground of M. Mathieu, where there were some -good specimens, but none that I had not previously met with. - -August 28th. Went at six o'clock in the morning to see the fruit and -vegetable market, but was rather disappointed in observing so very -inferior a supply in comparison with what is to be seen in Covent Garden -Market. In fact for some time I thought that I had gone to the wrong -place, as the market is held every alternate day in two different parts -of the town; but on enquiry I found it was seldom better supplied. Large -quantities of grapes grown out of doors, or on trellis, were in the -market; also a pretty good supply of peaches, but these were of a small -size. I only observed one solitary pine apple, about one pound weight. -The mode of preserving the fish, which were also brought to the market -where the fruit and vegetables were exposed for sale, was new to me. -They are kept alive in water in oval shaped wooden tubs or vessels, and -each sort is kept separate. Large quantities of game, poultry, butcher's -meat, as well as cart-loads of hay and straw, are found abundantly in -the market. - -After making a tour through the principal parts of the town, and getting -my passport signed by the police and English ambassador, I made a second -visit to Mr. Otto, and also then called on Dr. Kloytch, to whom I had a -letter of introduction from Sir W. Hooker. Dr. Kloytch has the charge of -the Royal Herbarium, which is situated opposite and nearly adjoining the -Botanic Gardens, containing several apartments for dried specimens of -all the plants that flower in the Royal Botanic Gardens, which are -gathered and preserved as they appear in flower. Attached to the Royal -Herbarium house is a piece of pleasure ground, one side of which is -enclosed by a good brick wall that has projecting piers, betwixt which -grape vines are trained, and confined to the spaces of about twelve feet -between the projecting piers; each sort is thus prevented from -intermixing with another; a wooden pailing enclosing another part of -this garden is likewise adapted to the same purpose. Dr. Kloytch was -once a pupil of Sir W. Hooker's at Glasgow, and is considered an eminent -botanist, he has certainly formed a very natural arrangement of the -different species in the genus _Ericĉ_, arranged according to the form -and structure of the flower. He shewed me several native specimens of -this genus that I have not yet seen in England, but seeds of which I -hope to receive from him before long. I was much gratified by the -excellent method he described to me, in preserving the specimens of -_Fungi_, which appears to be the most effectual mode of drying these -plants that I have yet seen. After looking over various specimens in the -Herbarium, Dr. Kloytch accompanied me to the Botanic Gardens, where I -again saw Mr. Otto, and was enabled to see more minutely the extent of -this noble collection of plants. It is proper to observe that the space -of ground allotted for this garden, is not sufficiently large for such -an extensive collection of plants. Many of the oaks and several other -fine trees are too much crowded, and not seen to advantage. After -examining all that I wished to see here, Mr. Otto, Dr. Kloytch, and Mr. -Brackenridge, accompanied me into Berlin, where we passed through -another fine part of the "_Thiergarten_," and being joined by Mr. -Cuming, the celebrated Zoologist, we spent a very pleasing evening in -the discussion of botanical pursuits, and the cultivation and beauty of -the _Cacteĉ_ in the Berlin Gardens. - -August 29th. Left Berlin at seven o'clock in the morning for Potsdam, -where I arrived at eleven o'clock in the forenoon, a distance of -eighteen English miles. Every stranger must be forcibly struck with the -scenery as he approaches Potsdam, particularly in passing Prince -Charles's villa and grounds, with the view of the handsome bridge lately -erected across the river Havel, at this side of the town expanding -itself to a very capacious sheet of water. On my arrival at Potsdam I -proceeded to the Royal Gardens at _Sans-souci_, which are situated about -one English mile distant. Having a letter of introduction from M. Otto -to M. Linne, the principal director, I was disappointed in not finding -him at home. Free access was afforded to the various departments, and I -then made the best use of my time in examining the different gardens -attached to this residence, which required considerable diligence to -get through a portion of the departments. I first inspected the kitchen -garden, which is very extensive, and contains several ranges of low -houses, and pits, for the forcing of cherries, plums, and apricots, with -a good collection of standard fruit trees, as well as the walls being -well stocked. The length and breadth of the principal range of houses in -this garden, is 255 feet long, and about 9 feet in width; the upright -sashes are eight feet high, placed in a slanting position; the -roof-lights were about six feet long, but these lights were at this time -all removed from the house, the trees being planted as standards in the -interior border; the sashes are removed as soon as the fruit is -gathered, in order to expose the trees to the full effect of the -atmosphere. In another garden at a short distance from this vegetable -one, there are numerous other ranges of hothouses for the forcing of -fruits, which are in great request for the royal table. The structures -here used for this purpose are about six feet high in front, and about -ten feet in width; the length of the roof sashes were from nine to ten -feet. In these houses the flues are placed at the back, running parallel -to the backwall. Some of the houses are heated by hot-water pipes, -rather of a novel construction, and I much fear not calculated to give -any great command of heat; they consist of two round copper pipes, about -two inches only in diameter, which run parallel along the front of the -house about two feet apart from each other. The peach trees are planted -inside the house, within one foot of the front wall, and are trained -perpendicular to the trellis, to the height of six feet, being as high -as the upright glass. A rider is then carried in general, close under -the roof lights, trained to a lath trellis which is nailed to the -underside of the rafter. - -As soon as the frosty nights are over, the houses are generally stripped -of the sashes, and the trees and fruit left fully exposed to the sun and -weather, while the fruit is maturing; but such fruits as are wanted at -an early period, are of course not thus exposed. I here observed various -trees of plum, cherry, and apricot, thus treated, a more congenial mode -of treatment, than by having recourse to pots or tubs, as is in general -practised in this country, especially where there can be houses spared -for this purpose, as the trees will get established in the ground, and -be enabled to produce a more abundant crop and larger fruit than if -their roots were confined to a small space for nourishment. I also saw -here a great quantity of very fine melons, all trained over moss, and at -this season these also were exposed to the weather. The appearance of -the fine terraces in front of Sans-souci Palace, gave me more -gratification than anything of the kind that I had previously seen. This -palace, originally erected by _Frederic the Great_, is now a favourite -summer residence of the Crown Prince. It is situated so as to command a -most beautiful view of the surrounding country, with six tier of -terraces in front of it, each terrace falling about twelve feet under -another towards the south from the palace. Along the top are flower -borders and broad gravel walks, with a row of very fine orange trees -placed along the edge of the gravel walk on each of the terraces, which -give them a magnificent appearance. Against these walls are trained -principally grape vines, provided with a frame in front for covering -them with glass; peaches and apricots are likewise here grown. - -In the centre of each terrace is a noble flight of steps thirty-six feet -wide at the bottom, but at the top the width is only fifteen feet; -containing in each from twenty-five to twenty-seven steps. The view of -these from the avenue or road by M. Lennie's house, is really grand: the -different flights of steps from this point of view appear to form one -connected tier leading to the palace, which, with its magnificent orange -trees and groups of sculpture, strike the eye of every stranger with -admiration. I here congratulated myself on being alone, and left to -examine and take the dimensions of the various objects, without being -hurried. At a short distance from the lower terrace is an oval basin of -water, surrounded by a grass lawn and a gravel walk, or rather carriage -drive; and on the exterior side of the circular sweep of the gravel, are -placed twelve large statues. This basin was originally intended for a -fountain; the reservoir for supplying it was formed by Frederic the -Great on an eminence on the north side of Sans-Souci palace, where it -must be several hundred feet above the level of the basin of water where -the fountain was intended to be placed. The effect from the palace -windows and from several other points of view, if it had been completed, -would have been very magnificent when the water was playing. At a short -distance from the palace is another large building, which was occupied -by a part of the establishment; in front is a large piece of pleasure -ground, in which are placed also a number of very fine orange trees; one -of them, pointed out to me, is named after _Frederic the Great_, his -majesty being a great admirer of these trees, insomuch, that during the -war he took possession of all the best that came in his way, and sent -them to his royal gardens at Potsdam. The head of this tree, named -Frederic the Great, was equal to one of our ordinary sized Portugal -laurels, its branches extend over seventeen yards of ground in diameter. -I should imagine there must be fully 400 trees grown in this -establishment, all of large dimensions. The soil in which they are grown -consists of a black sandy loam, well incorporated with cow-dung and -rotten leaf mould, with a mixture of bone dust, in some cases horn -shavings. The houses for the protection of the orange trees in the -winter season, are simply a long range or ranges of red tiled roofed -buildings, with merely upright lights in the front or south side, which -are provided with wooden shutters that are closed during frosty weather. -The flues run along in the floor of the house, and are not calculated -to give out much heat, but the roof and back wall being opaque, and the -front furnished with shutters, little heat is required for preserving -the trees from the frost. They are generally turned out of doors in the -month of May, and not taken in again until October. Arranged along with -the orange trees I observed a very fine specimen of the _Nerium -Oleander_, covered with blossom, also several fine plants of the -pomegranate, covered with flowers. The figs were also in prolific state -against a wall and growing in light sandy loam. At the opposite end of -the palace is situated the picture gallery, which opens into another -garden department, with hornbeam hedges, and numerous box edging -scrolls; but this piece of ground is evidently not much attended to: the -walks, flowers, borders, are not in good order. The collection of -paintings, however, in the gallery will infinitely repay the visitor for -the disappointment he may experience in the badly kept garden. This -gallery is two hundred and fifty-two feet long, and thirty-six feet -wide; the dome and cove ceiling are richly gilt, the floor and walls -inlaid with marble. The paintings are very numerous, and in beautiful -preservation. Those taken from this gallery by Buonaparte and again -replaced in the spot they originally occupied, are particularly pointed -out to the visitor. I observed on each side of the door, as we entered -this gallery, two very fine marble statues, one of _Diana_, the other of -_Louis_ XVI. A straight avenue or drive leading from the Potsdam road, -in a direct line by the front of the terraces at Sans-souci, to the new -palace, is of considerable length. At the extremity of this avenue is -the magnificent palace built by _Frederic_, after the completion of the -wars in which he was engaged. It is said to have been erected with the -English subsidy; however this may be, it is undoubtedly a very -magnificent building. - -The grounds leading from this and Sans-souci palace are all laid out as -pleasure-ground, with numerous walks and roads, leading in various -directions, which are very well kept; but the grass lawn here is rather -rough, and not much attended to. The quantity of sculpture placed -throughout these grounds is truly astonishing; at almost every -intersection of the walks, various statues or busts are placed, and -likewise in different recesses that are formed out of the road and walk -edges. - -Along the front of the new palace, facing towards Potsdam, is arranged a -row of very fine orange trees, with several pieces of sculpture. - -The garden ground extends considerably to the north of the palace, where -it is much varied, and commands an extensive view of the adjoining -scenery and country. The Belvidere and terraces here are also prominent -objects. I was much pleased with a piece of trellissing that surrounded -the oval spot of ground at the south side of the palace. This trellis -projects about twenty-one feet on one side, and forms an oblong square -about forty-two feet long. The side next the oval consists of eight -round columns, formed by thin flat iron bars, opposite to which are -openings to correspond, that look into a running stream of water, that -separates the park or pleasure ground from a piece of kitchen-garden -ground on the opposite side. The peculiarity of this trellissing is in -its handsome projecting cornice, with columns at nine feet apart, formed -by the flat iron bars. Arched recesses are likewise made between these -columns, about five feet wide, and nine feet in height. The entire -height of this trellis with the cornice is twelve feet, and was -evidently originally gilt, but it is now in a corroded and decaying -state; not a vestige of paint is even to be seen upon it. - -At a very short distance from this splendid palace is a piece of -vegetable ground enclosed with formal clipt hornbeam hedges, which ought -to be removed, as it disfigures that part of the grounds, and is much -too close to the palace. The walks and lawn adjoining were in pretty -good order, especially the former. - -Leading from the palace to a royal chateau that has been lately erected, -is a very fine carriage drive, winding through a flat piece of ground, -which is laid out principally after the English fashion. This residence -is also inhabited by one of the royal princes. I was much pleased with -the quantity of grapes growing on a double terrace, or rather covered -walk, which was completely crowded with vines and its fruits; the lower -walk ran alongside of a wall, and the trellis and arches projected -about twelve feet from it, and were twelve feet in height. Over the top -of this wall is another trellissed walk, which is also completely -covered with grapes; it leads up to the palace windows, and is about two -hundred feet in length. Adjoining it, and in front of the windows, is a -small flower-garden, elevated above the ground level I should imagine -about twelve feet: we ascend to it by a flight of steps at the furthest -end; the side next the palace is nearly on the same level as the window -sills. There are several fountains in it, and a few clumps of the -_Petunia violacea_, but nothing else of interest. - -Connected with this terrace garden, but on the ground level, is a piece -of ground laid out in various beds, principally furnished with dahlias. -Here is a handsome marble fountain or column, and a well formed sheet of -water. - -About three hundred yards from this spot is _Charlottenhoff_, a handsome -erection, which is used occasionally as a tea or coffee room. This -building is surrounded by numerous walks, and columns with vines trained -against them. Ascending a flight of steps, that leads to a point of view -looking down upon a fountain, playing with great force. This spot is -tastefully laid out, and in very neat order. Several other ornamental -erections are placed in these grounds, but to attempt to describe them -all would require an actual residence for some weeks. The royal palace -of Potsdam is a magnificent building, in the form of a quadrangle. The -interior apartments contain numerous objects of interest, which as being -highly estimated by _Frederic the Great_, are particularly pointed out -to the stranger. The arm chair which he was in the habit of using, is -still in a good state of preservation; I was much pleased with the -magnificence of the rooms; the paintings and furniture are very -splendid, and in good preservation. The ground attached to this palace -consists of a flat surface, extending towards the south, as far as the -river Havel, and is laid out in clumps of trees, various walks; the -space next the palace is a larger piece of gravel, which is daily used -for the exercise of the military. Adjoining it are numerous avenues of -horse chesnuts, and busts of ornamental sculpture placed along the first -row of trees, as well as some in various other positions. Opposite the -south, or principal front of the palace, is an oblong piece of water, in -the middle of which is placed a noble group of Neptune and his sea -horses, which has a very grand effect, but the water is kept rather low -and filthy, which might be easily remedied, as the river Havel passes -within a few yards of it. By the edge of the river, in a marshy spot of -ground, I observed a large quantity of the _Hydrocharis morsus-ranĉ_ -(Frogbite,) and _Stratiotes aloides_, (water soldier,) growing in great -abundance. - -I should however have observed that the fine marble group of Neptune was -much injured by the French army, during the time they occupied Potsdam. -In short it is really grievous to see the depredations that were -committed by that army on the sculpture about Potsdam and Sans-souci, -whilst they resided there. The soldiers for amusement were in the habit -of firing musket balls at the different groups and statues. - -August 30th. Left Potsdam at eight o'clock in the morning, for the -_Pfauen Insel_, or Peacock Island, where I had appointed to meet Mr. -Cuming at nine o'clock. We had to cross a branch of the river Havel to -get to the island, which contains a collection of plants and animals -somewhat resembling the Zoological Gardens in Regent's Park. I was here -more fortunate in finding M. Fintelman at home, than I was at -Sans-souci, and having a letter of introduction to him from his uncle, -who superintends the royal gardens at Charlottenburg, I found him -remarkably attentive, and an intelligent young man. I was here surprised -to find the _Robinia pseudacacia_ had attained seven feet in -circumference, at four feet from the ground, the branches of which -extend over thirty two yards of ground in diameter. I also observed some -fine specimens of the oak, which were little inferior to our largest -English oaks. The conservatory is an oblong building, about one hundred -and twenty feet by forty, and forty two feet high, and consists of -several tiers of front sashes, with a span roof, the north side being a -dead wall with a gallery for resting in behind it, which commands a -full view of the plants underneath. - -I was much gratified, by the very flourishing state of the plants, and -their remarkable neatness. A very fine collection of the _Palmĉ_, is -cultivated in this stove or conservatory, some of which have made a -rapid progress in their growth. The _Latania borbonica_ measured twenty -seven feet in height, spreading over a space of equal dimensions in -diameter. I understood that his majesty the king of Prussia frequently -breakfasts in the summer season in this conservatory, under the shade of -the palm fronds (or leaves). I remarked also the _Pandanus utilis_ -twenty three feet high; the _Dracĉna Draco_, (Dragon Tree) had likewise -grown thirty six feet high; _Pandanus sylvestris_ thirteen feet in -height, and eleven feet in diameter across its branches; the _Bambusa -arundinacea_, forty feet high; a shoot of this cane, grew seven feet six -inches in the course of three weeks; the _Corypha umbraculifera_, a very -magnificent specimen. The _Latania borbonica_ is placed in the centre of -the conservatory; the tub in which it grows is completely concealed by -planting around it various _ferns_, and other low growing plants, which -are tastefully arranged, and form a nice little stage round the tub, -having a very neat appearance, with the walk round it, which shews the -palm to the best advantage. Opposite to this spot is a recess in which -is placed a small fountain tastefully decorated by _ferns_ that succeed -well in a shady situation. There is likewise in this recess, a very -handsome marble screen, richly carved and ornamented. The grounds are -very judiciously laid out in various clumps of flowering shrubs and -summer flowers, and were at this time in full perfection. One of the -finest Hydrangeas that I have seen, was in full bloom, and its large -purple-blue flowers were very conspicuous. The grass lawn was in a much -better state than any other that I had previously seen in Germany, or -even met with during my tour on the continent, and the whole garden -ground very neatly kept. The island is said to contain about four -hundred English acres. The erections for the different animals and birds -are judiciously placed, and consist of handsome structures, arranged -from two to three hundred yards or more apart; these apartments were -kept remarkably clean and in good order. An extensive collection of -beasts and birds are preserved in this establishment. The grounds are -considerably varied, and some fine views are to be seen from several -parts of it, as well as from the top of some prospect towers. The effect -of the river Havel, and surrounding plantations at the opposite sides, -adds expressive features to this landscape. - -After seeing the various objects most deserving of notice, both in the -botanical and zoological departments, we proceeded across the river, to -the grounds of Prince Charles, still accompanied by M. Fintelman; they -were laid out, principally, in the English style, his royal highness -being particularly partial to it. - -This spot consists of a great variety of surface, with several beautiful -vistas, and is really very tastefully planted, and the grounds formed, -and kept in very excellent order. The public road from Berlin to Potsdam -passes close by the front of the grounds, and there is a low wall, with -an invisible wire fence on the top of it, betwixt the road, where the -views of the grounds are seen to most advantage. One side of them -extends close to the Havel, where a handsome summer house is erected, -which commands a fine prospect of Potsdam, the new bridge, and shipping, -and likewise the scenery on the opposite side of the river, which is -much varied. Under this building are two colonnades covered with -creepers, which have a very pretty effect. - -On the one side of a hill nearly opposite to this villa, is a new -residence erecting for prince William; the views from it must be very -extensive, as it is situated on a commanding spot. - -We next proceeded to the magnificent edifice called _Marmorpallast_, or -marble palace, which is situated at a very short distance from Potsdam, -and close to the margin of the Havel. It is a splendid building, the -greater part of which is constructed with marble. The cornice appeared -to be about five or six feet deep; it is of white marble, as also is the -base above the ground for several feet; the door and window jambs are -likewise of the same material. The intervening spaces of the walls are -built with red brick. The colonnade at the principal entrance consists -of handsome marble columns. The pleasure-ground and gardens attached to -it are said to contain two hundred and fifteen German acres of ground, -throughout which are dispersed various clumps of trees and shrubs, with -extensive walks and rides branching through it in different directions. -These grounds are very flat, and have but little variety or picturesque -appearance in them. The number of good exotics and New Holland plants is -considerable, as well as a very fine collection of healthy orange trees, -with some fine specimens of hardy trees growing singly on the grass. I -here observed the _Juglans fraxinifolia_ bearing a number of good sized -fruit. In the flower garden some good German stocks, then in full bloom. -The borders and grass lawn were in a rough state. - -We next proceeded to Sans-souci, Mr. Cuming not having previously seen -it. I was delighted in having another opportunity of looking round this -truly magnificent spot; and being accompanied by Mr. Fintelman, who -kindly devoted the entire day in conducting us to the various objects -best worth our notice, we proceeded through the grounds attached to -Sans-souci palace, and then to Charlottenhoff, the new palace, &c., and -were much gratified by the numerous objects of interest we had pointed -out to us in the various places that we inspected. - -On our return to Potsdam, we went to the top of Breuchensberg, or hill -of brewers, where a prospect tower is erected. The view from this spot -is really grand in the extreme; we look down upon Potsdam and the -numerous palaces that are in its environs. Sans-souci and the new palace -are both prominent objects in view from this prospect; but the most -pleasing features are the numerous small green islands that are formed -by the river Havel, near the bridge at Potsdam; the intricacy and -variety of outline of water, and the number of boats and small sailing -vessels making their way to Berlin through this place, form a pleasing -sight. The evening was now drawing to a close, and little more remained -to be seen by daylight. M. Fintelman took his departure for the Island -of Peacocks, and Mr. Cuming started in an hour after for Berlin. I was -thus again left alone to muse over the different objects that had -occupied my attention during the day. - -August 31st. Not having previously seen the pine-apple forcing -department, I walked out early this morning to Sans-souci, where this -fruit is cultivated. I was rather surprised to find a great extent of -low houses and pits devoted to the growth of the pine, without observing -a single fruit amongst the whole stock that was scarcely worth cutting. -There cannot be less than one thousand feet in length of houses and pits -adapted to the pine-apple, and these varying from eight to twelve feet -in width. The principal range was heated by smoke flues, and the plants -plunged in saw-dust, with tan under; which practice is frequently -adopted in this country, especially when tan is scarce. The young plants -in the pits appeared pretty healthy, but such fruit as was fit for -cutting, or advancing to maturity, would bear no comparison to our -English produce. - -After satisfying myself with what was to be seen in this department, I -returned to Potsdam, from whence the diligence to Dresden, my next place -of destination, did not start till twelve o'clock. The time I had to -spare before my conveyance came up, was employed in inspecting the town, -which consists, it is said, of 2000 houses, and 16,000 inhabitants. The -streets are in general very clean; one leading from the palace to -Sans-souci is inlaid with planks for the wheels of the different -vehicles to run on, similar to the Russian manner. I also saw in the -vicinity a Russian colony, which was inhabited by natives, sent as a -present some years ago by the Emperor to the king of Prussia; they are -now becoming pretty numerous, and their colony is extending. - -Potsdam is intersected by various small canals, that lead from the -Havel, and are very convenient for the conveyance of turf and other -materials by water carriage. The greater number of the houses are -handsomely built; there was then erecting opposite to the palace a -magnificent church. At the other end of this palace is an iron bridge, -crossing the Havel; the piers consist of stonework, there are eight -arches, one of which is used as a drawbridge for the passing and -repassing of boats going this way to Berlin. This town is the principal -depot for military, who are exercised daily in great numbers in front of -the palace. - -At twelve o'clock the diligence arrived, when I took my departure in it -for Dresden. - -The road leading from Potsdam to the latter town was lined on each side -with fine poplar trees, of a considerable size, for several miles of the -journey. The soil in this part of the country appeared to be a light -sandy loam: the plantations were chiefly composed of the Scotch fir; but -close by the road side, in several places between Potsdam and Herzberg, -were large quantities of plum trees, loaded with fruit. - -We arrived at Herzberg at half-past ten o'clock; but owing to the -darkness of the night I was unable to see, or form any opinion of the -size of the town or quality of the houses. - -September 1st. At three o'clock in the morning we reached another small -town, called Elsterwerda, which was said to contain about 900 -inhabitants. The next stage we came to was Grossenhayn, where we arrived -at half-past five o'clock, a.m. This town is situated in the kingdom of -Saxony, and contains nearly 5000 inhabitants. At this stage we were -transferred to another diligence. - -The country from Grossenhayn to Dresden is much more varied than any I -had previously seen in Germany. - -The scenery as we approach to Dresden is very picturesque, both as -regards distant views and variety of surface: when within a few miles of -the town, we meet with a very fine avenue of lime trees, extending for a -considerable distance, and then is continued by horse-chesnuts. On -descending a hill, a fine prospect of Dresden presents itself to the -eye. The soil now appears more of a black colour, and less free from -sand, than what I had previously observed. I also saw several beech -trees intermixed with the Scotch-fir. - -Arrived at Dresden, at nine o'clock a.m. After getting breakfast, I -immediately proceeded to the house of Professor Hughes, who was then -engaged, but Mrs. Hughes asked Mr. West to accompany me to the principal -gardens; this gentleman, a school colleague of Lord Cosmo Russell, and -an admirer of plants, very cheerfully accompanied me to several of the -gardens in the vicinity of the town. We first proceeded to the Botanic -Garden, belonging to the University, which is very limited in extent. I -was however much pleased with the fine collection of Cacteĉ that are -grown in this establishment, as well as a large collection of Cape, and -other green house plants. The number of species of hardy perennial -plants in this small space of ground is truly astonishing; there is also -a great variety of Cape bulbs and _Gramineĉ_. The extent of glass is -confined to a very long conservatory, stove, and several pits for -_Cacteĉ_. - -Having been introduced by Mr. West to M. Lehman, the superintendant of -the garden, he accompanied us to the gardens of Lieut. Weber, situated -at a short distance from the town, and considered the most extensive for -glass and space, of any about _Dresden_. I should imagine by its -appearance there could not be above seven or eight English acres of -ground under nursery culture. The collection of plants for sale -comprises chiefly _Camellias_, young orange trees, Cape and new Holland -plants, many of the scarcer sorts of which I observed had been lately -introduced to that establishment, from Mr. Low's nursery at Clapton. A -fine specimen of the Uhria speciosa was in great vigour of health. A -great variety of dahlias, and dwarf China roses in full flower were in -these grounds. - -I was much pleased by the simple mode of grafting the _Camellia_ and -orange trees, which appeared to be very successful, and is generally -practised by M. Liebig the gardener, which method is what we term in -this country crown grafting; by this mode the shoot or graft, after -insertion in the stock, is only tied neatly to the stock, with a bit of -worsted thread, and then sealed over as well as the top of the stock, by -a little bees-wax, (without clay as practised here); when this operation -is completed, the plants are put into a frame or pit, with a little -moist heat, until the graft and stock begin to coalesce, when they are -shortly afterwards gradually exposed to the air of the greenhouse. In -this establishment there are several very good hothouses for plants. In -one of the ranges is placed a circular shaped conservatory, heated by -hot water, on rather a novel construction; these hot water pipes being -formed into perpendicular columns, rising from the floor to the height -of from ten to twelve feet. These pipes, thus constructed, gave out a -great command of heat, and answered the original intention very -satisfactorily. The plants in this nursery garden were very well grown, -and all in a healthy state. - -I next visited the nursery of M. Hofrath Kreyssig, which is only a short -distance from the Botanic garden. I saw likewise some good kinds of -greenhouse plants, as well as many rare species of the Rhododendron -tribe; the _Rhododendron campanulatum_, a fine specimen; a collection of -orchideous plants is also forming in this nursery garden. There are -several small hothouses for the growth of Cape and tropical plants, -which are also cultivated for sale; but the space of ground is much too -limited, as well as confined by houses to do justice to a collection of -hardy species. After visiting these gardens and grounds, I took my leave -of Mr. West, to whom I was much indebted for the kind interest he took -in the object I had in view, and who appears devotedly attached to -plants and gardening. Professor Hughes having recommended me to see the -chateau erected on the banks of the Elbe by the late Lord Findlater, an -English nobleman, I expected to have found some fine gardens, or -collection of plants, but, to my surprise, on my arrival, I found it -now occupied as a tea garden; it is much frequented by the inhabitants -of Dresden, in consequence of its romantic situation on the banks of the -Elbe, commanding a prospect of the country, studded with small villages -situated in the valleys between the hills, or rather eminences; but -these are not to be compared with our Scotch mountains. Along the Elbe -is a great extent of vineyard, which did not appear to be in a very -prolific state, the soil being of a poor sandy texture. Many pretty -villas were also situated along these banks, which had very pleasant -prospects from them. - -September 2nd. Having agreed to meet Mr. Lehman early this morning, we -proceeded to the Catholic church, which belongs to the court, and is -certainly a magnificent building, the interior richly ornamented, and -well worth the stranger's notice; we next visited the Protestant church, -which is likewise a splendid erection. The museum and post office are -also very magnificent buildings. I was however surprised at the -appearance of the royal palace, which consists of a dark gloomy looking -old fashioned residence, and with little in its exterior appearance, -calculated to give a stranger the idea of its being the seat of royalty. -Through the assistance of Mr. Lehman, who procured tickets of admittance -to the gallery of paintings, I was favoured with a sight of this -celebrated collection, which is considered to be amongst the finest in -Europe, and is said to contain one thousand five hundred pictures; among -so many there are undoubtedly some very splendid ones. On our return -from the gallery, we passed through his majesty's coach-house, which -must at least have contained no less than sixty different carriages; a -very splendid one lately presented to the king by Prince Metternich, was -pointed out to us. From hence we proceeded to the museum or repository -of minerals, birds and animals. The collection of the feathered tribe in -this establishment is particularly extensive; some very large blocks of -petrified wood, that were much prized, were pointed out as remarkable -curiosities. In one of the departments was a table four feet in -diameter, of a solitary piece of wood of the _Tamarindus indicus_, -(tamarind tree.) In front of the building various orange trees are -arranged along the edge of the walks. What is called _Bruehl's_ garden -is also deserving of notice; it forms a public promenade for the -inhabitants, and is pleasantly situated, containing a picture gallery, -which is denominated the gallery of duplicates. - -Dresden is said to contain about 80,000 inhabitants, and is much admired -for its fine houses and streets. It is considered by many as one of the -finest towns in Europe; but I must confess that in my opinion it is -inferior to either Berlin, Munich, or Brussels. It is situated on a flat -spot of ground with the river Elbe running through it; the bridge over -which is said to be 1450 feet long. The Arsenal is a large building, but -I had no time to see it, as the diligence left this day at twelve -o'clock for Munich, and as these conveyances only go twice or three -times a week at most from the principal towns throughout Germany, the -losing of an hour to see an object might detain one for two or three -days. Having taken my leave of Mr. Lehman, I seated myself in the -diligence for Munich, a journey which occupied us three days and three -nights. The road winds along the river side from Dresden to the first -stage on our way to Munich, and is very beautiful, the scenery much -diversified, and resembling that of some of our Scotch mountains; the -plantations of forest trees comprise a mixture of silver fir, beech and -Scotch-fir. The hill and dale that continued for a considerable way -along this line of road rendered the scenery very interesting and -picturesque, and which appeared so to continue until it became quite -dark, when all view of the country was lost. - -We passed through Freyberg, a small town situated on the river Mulde, -and is said to be 1179 feet above the level of the sea. The next town or -village that we came to was Chimnitz, where we stopped for supper. - -September 3rd. Arrived at one o'clock in the morning at Zwickau, at -which town the road from Leipsic joins the one from Dresden, where the -diligences from both towns meet, and the passengers are transferred from -the Leipsic diligence to the one from Dresden. Whilst waiting for the -vehicle getting ready to start, I was agreeably surprised to find Mr. -Parker, seated at the same inn; he had arrived from Leipsic by that -diligence: when we parted at Berlin we had no expectation of again -meeting each other so soon. - -One of my fellow travellers from Dresden was a Frenchman, but he was -evidently as awkwardly situated whilst travelling for want of a -knowledge of the German language as I was myself; consequently we both -kept Mr. Parker pretty busy in acting as an intermediate interpreter -whilst we were together. - -The scenery about Zwickau is beautifully varied with hill and dale, and -woods, with a small river called the Mulde running along by the bottom -of the rocks. The houses are neatly built, and of considerable number, -containing a population of from seven to eight thousand. The roads in -the vicinity of this town are rather mountainous, but not so much so as -in the preceding stages. The next small village that we passed through -was Plauen, where we arrived about seven o'clock in the morning: it is -said to contain about 700 inhabitants. - -We next proceeded to Hof, where we arrived at ten o'clock, changed -diligences, and had to stop for several hours before we could again get -on our journey. On entering this town we passed by a large tea garden, -situated on the side of a hill, at the bottom of which is a small river, -that tends greatly to enliven the scenery. The town of Hof is in the -kingdom of Bavaria, and the population is said to amount to 6,000, -living in handsomely built houses. The main street that leads through it -I should imagine is nearly a mile in length, and very wide; there -appeared to be a fair in the town on this day, which occupied a great -part of this street. - -The cathedral is an ancient building; the entrance consists of a -handsome Gothic door, the walls of which must be about eighteen feet in -thickness. The town-hall is likewise a fine erection, and the houses and -streets appeared all in clean and neat order. - -From Dresden to Hof the country productions principally consist of -agricultural produce; the potatoe and oats are extensively cultivated. A -sharp frost this morning blackened all the potatoe tops. - -At one o'clock we got into a Bavarian diligence, and proceeded to -Berneck, a small town surrounded with beautiful scenery, that much -reminded me of the Derbyshire rocks, to which in picturesque appearance -it was fully equal. - -Arrived next at Bayreuth, at eight o'clock in the evening; it is a town -of considerable size, said to contain 10,000 inhabitants. On the -diligence driving up to the inn door we found the space in front of it -completely covered with a military band, and a large concourse of people -listening to their music; this band belonged to a cavalry regiment that -was on its march through the town. We next started for Nuremberg, where -we arrived at half-past eight o'clock the following morning. - -September 4th. On our arrival at Nuremberg, we found that we had to -remain here for several hours before the diligence started again: we -made the best use of our time, proceeding to St. Laurence's Church, a -Gothic building, the doors and windows richly ornamented with groups of -sculpture and other carved work in bronze; the painted glass is very -handsomely executed. This church was begun in 1254 and is a most -magnificent building. The tabernacle consists of a beautifully carved -and richly ornamented spire, executed in 1496 of carved stonework. -Although it has been converted into a Protestant church, yet the -Catholic ornaments are still remaining. We next proceeded to view the -Catholic church, which is likewise a very splendid Gothic building, -erected in 1355, and the exterior walls richly ornamented. In the Market -place, we were much gratified with a very pretty spiral fountain, richly -carved, erected in 1356. The town-house is also a very fine old -structure, containing many good paintings in the large and small hall. -The fresco paintings in the latter apartment are beautifully executed on -the ceilings and walls, which are also highly ornamented by gilt -mouldings. The paintings in the great hall consist of various pieces of -fresco, by the celebrated Albert Durer. The triumphal car of the emperor -Maximilian, drawn by twelve horses, in beautiful fresco painting, and a -very fair picture of the present king of Bavaria, by Byng of Munich, is -also to be seen here. - -From hence we went to the cathedral, in which is St. Sebald's Tomb, -highly deserving of the stranger's notice. This church contains the -oldest metal font in Germany; it was formerly used in baptising the -emperor's children. The saint's tomb, by Fisher, is a masterpiece of -workmanship, executed in 1508; there is also a curious figure of the -artist himself. The tomb is a pretty Gothic structure, cast in bronze, -and the body of the saint enclosed in a silver coffin, under an elegant -Gothic canopy. We next proceeded to the picture gallery, which contains -a good collection of paintings by German artists, in good preservation. -From hence we went to the imperial castle, where there is growing a Lime -tree, _Tilia europĉa_, said to be seven hundred years old. I measured -the girth of this tree, at four feet from the ground, and found it to be -fifteen feet in circumference; it still appeared in a pretty healthy -state. - -The dining room in this ancient castle, formerly used by the king, is of -large dimensions, and contains a large number of old paintings, which -are in good preservation; the rooms although uninhabited for the last -four hundred years are still in good condition. From the windows in this -castle we have a beautiful prospect of the town as well as of a -considerable extent of country. On our return from hence we visited the -house in which Albert Durer resided, which is now converted into a -gallery for modern paintings, exhibited for sale, many of which appeared -to be most beautiful pieces of art, and objects of great interest to -numerous visitors who were then present admiring them. By this time it -was drawing near the hour we had to start by the diligence. We made the -best of our way back to the hotel, and got all ready by one o'clock, the -appointed hour of our departure from Nuremberg, which is a town of -considerable size, containing a population of upwards of thirty thousand -people. - -In the environs are large tracts of ground under vegetable culture, but -I was unable to learn of the existence of any botanic garden or good -nursery establishment in the immediate neighbourhood. Large fields of -tobacco were cultivated in the suburbs, as well as extensive plantations -of the _Hop_, which appeared very prolific. The soil we passed from -Nuremberg to Munich was more sandy than it previously had been; the -scenery is also more flat and less varied than in our preceding stages. - -Sept. 5. Arrived at Pfaffenhofen, at six o'clock in the morning. Near to -this town large quantities of the _Genista germanica_, were growing -close by the road-side, also the _Dipsacus laciniatus_, in great -abundance. Approaching nearer to Munich, I observed growing in a -plantation the _Vaccinium Vitis Idĉa_, in great plenty, reminding me, -from its occurrence, of the mountains of Scotland. The scenery in the -vicinity of Munich, is of a great sameness, but the Tyrolese mountains -appearing in the distance considerably add to its picturesque effect. We -reached Munich at eleven o'clock, where we found some difficulty in -getting apartments, the hotels being then so full of strangers. - -In the afternoon I was accompanied by Mr. Parker to the Botanic garden, -which is situated close to the town, having a very handsome entrance -with Ionic columns, and neat iron railing, which encloses a large part -of this garden. The _Arboretum_ of trees and shrubs is confined to the -two ends of the garden, it being an oblong square, but the south side is -much the longest. The space of ground is very confined for the growth of -large trees; the entire space devoted for this purpose is not an acre of -ground, consequently the different sorts are much crowded together. - -The interior of the garden, in front of the range of hot-houses, is laid -out in numerous oblong squares, with gravel walks intervening; in the -centre walk are three round basins of water. These squares are again -divided into beds for the herbaceous plants, wherein a good collection -are cultivated. In one of the divisions there is an _aquarium_ for -aquatic plants, which consists of oblong square troughs, lined with -brickwork for retaining the water; these are about two feet wide by two -deep, and an intervening space of ground, of from six to eight feet, in -which are grown such species as do not require the water: but a damp -situation, notwithstanding, is requisite: In the apartments where the -hardy perennial plants are cultivated, are numerous apple trees, all in -full bearing; these ought to be eradicated and their places supplied -with ornamental trees or shrubs. Apple-trees, however useful, are not in -character with a botanical collection; more especially as the apple is -so common by the road sides through Germany; a collection of this fruit -should find a place elsewhere than in the botanic garden, where the -space of ground is already much too limited for the collection of -plants. A lofty range of hothouses about five hundred feet in length, -has a very good effect; they are only furnished with upright sashes in -the front, the back and roof opaque, the latter finished in the -semi-cove form, and neatly plastered. I was surprised to find the Palms -looking remarkably healthy, notwithstanding these dark houses, many of -the species had really grown from twenty to twenty five feet in height. - -The collection of the Brazilian species is very numerous, but many of -them appeared drawn and too much crowded for want of light and room in -the pits. The Cape and New Holland kinds were then out of doors, very -healthy and well grown. I was much pleased also with some very fine -specimens of _Cacteĉ_, the variety of which is reckoned but little -inferior to that of Berlin. In short, there is an extensive assortment -of the various species of _Succulentĉ_ in this establishment. The -director, M. Seitz, having been long a collector, has succeeded in -forming a great variety of this curious tribe; he was extremely liberal -in parting with any of his duplicates. - -Sept. 6th. M. Seitz having the kindness to accompany us to the Royal -gardens at Nymphenburg, which are situated about four English miles from -Munich; we proceeded thither immediately after breakfast, and found that -these grounds required no little time to make even a hasty inspection. - -The French garden in front of the palace consists of straight and broad -gravel walks, with long stripes of grass lawn, and borders about twelve -feet wide of shrubs running parallel to the avenues of horse-chesnut -trees. Along the edges of the walks various vases and other ornamental -sculpture are arranged; leading from these walks, a straight piece of -water, more in the form of a canal, than an ornamental lake, runs -parallel in two different directions; the one parallel to the palace, is -crossed by two wooden bridges, which are prominent features from several -points of view. The centre, or main canal, leads in a straight direction -for a considerable distance, and is broken by several very pretty -cascades, and handsome marble basins, as well as different groups or -figures of sculpture. The water comes rushing over the marble ledges -with great force, and was certainly the brightest and purest that I had -ever previously seen. There are also some very fine jets in which the -water is propelled to a great height by machinery. A well formed lake -nearly adjoins the bathing house, said to occupy about fifty Bavarian -acres of ground, the outline of which is much varied with different -projections of land, islands, and the banks of turf tastefully planted -with trees and shrubs, forms a very pleasing contrast. A curious bark -is placed on this sheet of water, consisting of two small boats, with a -platform, on which is placed a chair, so that a person may sit and read, -or fish, and at the same time guide this boat by his feet, that are -resting generally on the paddles. - -Close by the margin of this lake, is a very pretty circular temple, with -a figure of Apollo, that forms a prominent object from several points of -view. A small cascade passing under a ledge of rockwork, on the top of -which is placed a marble figure of Pan, and a goat at his feet, forms -another object of interest in this part. - -The grounds from the south west of the bathing house, (or Pavilion, -which is ornamented by paintings and statues) have been lately much -improved, and are now considerably varied with different clumps of trees -and shrubs, undulations and rockwork. The surface is naturally a flat, -but art has, during the last three years, created great inequalities and -alterations in this part of the grounds; the banks and undulations are -very judiciously formed, the trees and shrubs tastefully grouped -together; the walks and rides are of great extent, and very neatly kept -and gravelled. - -The range of plant houses at Nymphenburg is the most extensive and -substantially built of any that I had previously seen in Germany, about -one thousand feet in length, and varying from twenty to twenty four feet -in width, the height not exceeding twenty-eight feet. I was here -surprised to find that the hothouse in which a fine collection of -_Palmĉ_, and other Brazilian plants were grown, was heated by very small -hot water pipes, which I imagined were far too small to sustain the -temperature of such a house, although the back and roof are opaque, and -of course require considerably less artificial heat than if constructed -with glass on all sides. The boiler that heats this house is about seven -feet long, three deep, and three feet six inches wide, and consequently -contains a large body of water, when once heated it gives out a great -portion of caloric from its sides and surface, being placed at the back -of the house, but in the interior, and concealed by the plants. The -pipes branch right and left from the boiler and appeared to be only two -inches in diameter, yet, I was informed, they were found quite -sufficient for the heating of this conservatory. Undoubtedly the boiler -being so very large rendered pipes of greater dimensions unnecessary. -The frost is, however, much more intense in Germany than in England; the -_Lauristinus_, _Arbutus_, _Rhododendrons_, _Portugal_ and _Common -Laurel_, were cultivated at Nymphenburg as green-house plants; they are -too tender to endure the winters there. - -In front of this botanical range, or more directly opposite to the palm -house, is an arboretum of hardy trees and shrubs, but the site, for that -purpose, is badly chosen, and by far too contracted, and should have -been selected in the pleasure ground, at some distance from these -houses, where there is ample space, and would have formed an interesting -feature. As at present the more common kinds of trees and underwood are -the only hardy species of decoration in many parts of the ground. -Opposite to the east end of the range of plant houses is an oblong piece -of ground, laid out in narrow beds by the edge of the walks, which are -occupied with a collection of dahlias, and other herbaceous flowering -plants. - -On our return from this botanical range we visited a small private -garden, close by the palace, which has also a very pretty cascade at its -extremity, and ornamented by sculpture. - -The palace of Nymphenburg forms almost a semicircle of a large radius on -the Munich side, or principal front, but that facing the gardens is more -of an oblong square, and in consequence of the numerous roofs appearing -from the semicircular front, that are disconnected and of various -elevation from the main building, it has more the appearance of a number -of small villas, than of a royal residence, particularly as we approach -it from Munich, by the side of the straight canal that leads to the -principal entrance. Nearly opposite the centre of the palace on this -side is a circuitous basin of water with a fountain in the centre and -rockwork around it. This water is conveyed into the gardens, and must be -of great extent from the appearance of the course it was running, which -leads a considerable way towards Munich. After our return from -Nymphenburg gardens, we proceeded to the English garden, which is said -to contain about five hundred English acres of ground, and is a favorite -promenade for the inhabitants of Munich. This park, or pleasure ground, -is rather of a flat surface, but much diversified by clumps of various -trees and shrubs, and fine sheets of water, the margins of which are -much varied, but unfortunately full of weeds. The drives and walks that -lead through these grounds in different directions are very extensive, -some of them being nearly five miles in length. The grounds adjacent to -the queen's palace are very well kept, and deserving of notice; but a -piece of water in view from it is very filthy, which is the more -extraordinary, as it might be easily kept clean by turning into it a -branch of the river that runs through these grounds. - -We observed some very fine specimens of the _Juglans fraxinifolia_ with -fruit on them, and very large trees of the _Salix alba_, which were here -in greater size than any I had ever seen. Numerous clumps of various -kinds of trees and shrubs are grouped together; but these are in most -instances rather crowded, and not enough of lawn is seen to intervene -between them. A handsome observatory was erecting, situated on an -artificial mound, which, when finished, will command a fine prospect -over these grounds. We also visited several of the churches. St. Mary's -church is very splendidly fitted up, and has handsome marble columns. -In it is placed a very superior statue of Eugene Beauharnois. St. -Michael's church is likewise deserving of notice from the beautiful -marble columns. The choirs of the different churches were this day all -decorated with Orange trees, _Hydrangeas_, and other flowering plants. - -Sept. 7th. I appointed to be in the Botanic gardens with M. Seitz, by -eight o'clock in the morning. Immediately on my arrival I met with Mr. -Forster, nephew to the vice president of the Linnean Society, who is -also much attached to botany. The greater part of the day was spent with -M. Seitz, looking over the numerous species of _Cacteĉ_, and -_Succulentĉ_, and after having finished my visit here, he had the -kindness to conduct me to the Glyptothek, which is a very magnificent -quadrangular building, containing a fine collection of antique -sculpture; the floors and walls are inlaid with various marbles, the -ceilings richly ornamented with gilt mouldings, and fresco paintings. It -has twelve apartments, one of which is devoted to modern sculpture, and -possesses some fine specimens in this art. - -I next proceeded to the Pinakothek, which is situated at a short -distance from the Glyptothek, and is likewise a very splendid building, -but it is not yet finished. It is intended as a repository for -paintings, and consists of a number of very capacious apartments with -gilt ceilings of extraordinary splendour. The suite of rooms is said to -be 500 feet in length, and on the south side is a long passage or -gallery, the ceiling of which is ornamented with fine fresco paintings. -The exterior of this Pinakothek is equally magnificent, and when -finished will undoubtedly be one of the most attractive objects in -Europe. - -Sept. 8th. This being a holiday and inclined to rain, we visited the -royal palace, which is at present undergoing great alterations and -additions. The first object that attracted my notice, was the granite -steps of the king's staircase, which measured twenty one feet in width; -at the top is the body guard room, and then an inner ante-room, the -walls of which are beautifully ornamented with fresco paintings, as is -likewise the adjoining room, in which are represented as though -suspended from the ceiling and cornice, fresco painting of numerous -fishes. - -The family dining room, with cove ceiling and fresco paintings, and most -beautiful inlaid floor, must attract general admiration. The throne room -is however still more capacious, and the walls are ornamented by various -alto-relievos in plaster. I observed in several of the windows that the -squares of glass used were five feet long by three feet in width. His -majesty's cabinet is also splendidly fitted up. The apartments intended -for the queen are still more superbly finished, and represent subjects -in fresco painting taken from the German poets. - -The surbase of her majesty's room is of fine marble; the room is about -forty feet square, the dressing room of rather larger dimensions. The -queen's throne room is really most splendidly finished, the walls and -mouldings gilt, and the surbase of fine blue marble. There are several -other apartments intended for her majesty, representing in fresco -paintings various subjects from the poems of Burgher; with the -pilgrimage to the holy sepulchre in fresco. The grand staircase is most -magnificent; the walls and steps are of fine marble, with four Ionic -marble columns at the top, the whole furnished in the most superb style. -The lower suite of apartments is equally splendid; the walls are -decorated with paintings in fresco of several of the emperors of -Germany. The magnificence of the decorations on the walls and ceilings -of the new apartments in this palace are such that no one can form any -idea of their grandeur without a visit. - -Adjoining to this, is the statue gallery of antiquities, which measures -about three hundred and thirty six feet in length, by forty five in -width, with a cove ceiling painted in fresco. I here saw a beautiful -Florentine Mosaic table, for which Napoleon offered sixteen thousand -florins. There is also a Bavarian almanack of the fifteenth and -sixteenth century, in form of a circular table, about seven feet in -diameter, inlaid with brass; but the letters and figures almost -obliterated. The entrance to this antique gallery consists of a handsome -grotto in shell work, with various figures, birds, and devices, in -alto-relievo. - -There is placed opposite the new addition to the palace a colossal -figure in bronze of the late emperor, with a huge lion at his feet. Near -this palace is a magnificent Post-office, now building. There is also -the Theatre, which is likewise a very splendid structure. We next -visited the Gallery of Paintings, which is well deserving of notice, and -contains a very valuable collection of pictures. The space of ground -called the Hof Garden, which is a fashionable promenade, and consists of -numerous rows of trees and gravel walks, is bounded on one side by a -very long gallery, highly ornamented with various frescos. Although -denominated a garden, I could see neither flowers nor shrubs; only rows -of trees, that formed a shady promenade in the summer months, when it is -much frequented by tea-parties. - -In the afternoon we made another visit to the English garden, and round -the environs of the town; but this being a holiday, all the principal -establishments were shut. I was however unable to hear of there being -any other garden establishment worth seeing, that I had not previously -seen: we therefore procured our passports, and secured our places in the -diligence for Stuttgard. - -Sept. 9th. Left Munich at six o'clock a.m. The scenery for the first -stage was rather flat, but as we approached Augsburg it became -considerably more varied. By the side of the road on this route I -observed the _Gentiana Pneumonanthe_, in great abundance; I here had an -opportunity of collecting several specimens, whilst the diligence was -ascending a long hill, which was well planted, and where some fine trees -of the spruce fir were in view. - -The houses in Augsburg have old-fashioned red tiled roofs, with numerous -windows projecting like skylights, even five rows deep on the sides, in -very bad taste. Augsburg contains 27,000 inhabitants; and several -ancient buildings, particularly the Episcopal palace, Cathedral, and -Town-hall. The Cathedral, a Gothic building, contains some curious old -tapestry and paintings, representing the apostles sleeping whilst our -Saviour was praying. There are also some curious old tombs, with models; -and several handsome fonts with large bronze figures. The Town-house, -which contains a picture gallery over the ground floor, is a very fine -building; the gallery where the paintings are kept is 120 feet long, 62 -feet wide, and 56 feet high, with a carved wood ceiling, richly gilt. -The pictures were many of them of immense dimensions, and in fine -preservation, but of the old German school. We here also visited the -German Literary Gazette printing-office, and also the steam engine which -is used for throwing up the water to supply the different fountains in -the town. - -Whilst Mr. Parker was making purchases of books here, I proceeded to the -garden of M. Schatzle, which is situated in the suburbs. This garden is -very well kept, and contains some good exotic and Cape plants, and a -good shew of summer flowers, with several straight avenues of trees -planted so as to form an arbour or shady walk. In this garden is placed -a colossal group in bronze that weighs 10,500 pounds, executed by -Chirardi in honour of Fugger. The first of the Fugger family was an -Augsburg merchant, and is said to have left his heirs above six millions -of golden crowns, besides other property. From thence I proceeded to the -nursery of M. Schultz, which contains vegetables as well as nursery -stock: there are two or three small hothouses, or rather pits, for the -growth of the tender species, but I saw but little in this establishment -worth notice, although considered the best nursery garden about -Augsburg. - -It was now drawing near the hour that we were to take our departure from -Augsburg in the diligence; whence we started at 7 o'clock p.m. for Ulm, -the next town of any note. - -I omitted to mention that we were accompanied through the different -departments in Augsburg by the French gentleman who travelled with us -from Dresden to Munich, and also by Mr. Withy, who was returning from a -tour, and going then to Heidelberg; he travelled with us as far as -Stuttgard, where we all parted. - -Sept. 10th. Arrived at Ulm at half-past four o'clock in the morning. -This is a pretty town, situated on the left bank of the Danube, in the -kingdom of Wurtemberg, and is said to contain 23,000 inhabitants. We -stopped here about an hour. - -The first stage beyond Ulm consists of a fine agricultural district. The -second stage presented rocky and fine scenery, planted with hard wood, -the birch and beech trees intermixed, but the latter sort pre-hills on -both sides, which is particularly picturesque, and surpasses the much -admired Matlock scenery, for many miles. When we arrived at Geislingen -we had time to admire the huge rocks peeping out amongst the trees -opposite this village, where there is also a very fine prospect tower, -which overlooks the town, and great extent of country. I observed, -growing on the banks of Geislingen glen, the _Asclepius vincetoxicum_, -_Helleborus officinalis_, and several other scarce plants. - -Along this country numerous orchards of fruit trees prevailed, such as -plums, pears, and the apple, which were very abundant, all growing close -by the road side and full of fruit. - -The road through Geislingen to Goppingen is very beautiful, being a -great vineyard country for many miles, commencing about Plockingen, and -extending along the face of the hills to Stuttgard. We passed through an -old fashioned town called Esslingen, which is situated on the Necker, a -river that heightens in a great degree the beauty of the whole valley -along which it winds. - -Cobbett's corn appears to be extensively cultivated in this district, -particularly near to Stuttgard, where we arrived at six o'clock in the -evening. Here I lost all my travelling companions, Mr. Parker starting -for Frankfort immediately, and Mr. Withy the following morning for -Heidelberg; both which towns I afterwards visited. - -Sept. 11th. M. Hertz, who has a small nursery garden in Stuttgard, and -whom I had previously seen in Kew gardens, very kindly volunteered to -accompany me to the Royal Botanic Gardens here, which are situated at a -short distance from the palace, and contain a number of old hothouses, -and a good collection of plants in a very healthy state. In short, I was -surprised to see the plants looking so healthy in such old worn out -opaque roofed houses. - -There are also cultivated here many very fine specimens of the _Cacteĉ_. -I saw one of the _Cacteĉ senilis_ above eighteen inches long, a very -fine healthy plant. The _Echinocactus cornigerus_ measured about six -inches in circumference, and some other kinds were also nearly as fine. - -The pleasure ground belonging to this palace contains about two hundred -and sixty German acres; it is tastefully planted, and laid out in -numerous drives and rides, forming a pleasant promenade for the public. - -A very fine orangery, with dark roof, is situated at a considerable -distance from the Botanic gardens, and near it a very complete flower -house was erecting, the rafters of which were of metal, and the sashes -all wood, heated with smoke flues, that pass under the pit, where an -arched cellar is formed, so that mushrooms or other vegetables may be -accelerated. I regretted that this house was not heated by hot-water, -which would have rendered it very complete. It is intended to remove -near to it the kitchen garden, which is situated at a very different -part of the town, and in a very dilapidated state. Numerous pits for -melons, and pines, are in these gardens, but in this state of intended -transition they are not kept in good repair. After going through these -different departments, M. Bosch, the superintendent of all the Royal -gardens, then returned to the Botanic garden, while M. Hertz conducted -me to a small villa garden, containing a very choice collection of -_Cacteĉ_, some fine large specimens of the _Opuntia_ tribe and -_Cereuses_ were here. - -Having called on the Baron de Meyendorff, the Russian ambassador at -Stuttgard, his excellency accompanied me to a small nursery garden, -which contained some good specimens of plants of the more hardy sorts of -the New Holland and Cape species, but little of novelty amongst them. -From hence we proceeded to the chateau of General Spizenberg, which has -been lately erected on the side of a hill, commanding a most delightful -and extensive prospect of Stuttgard and its varied scenery. I was much -gratified to find that the old warrior, after undergoing the fatigues of -many campaigns, was now devoting his leisure hours to the pursuit of -botany and horticulture. Baron Meyendorff informed me that the general -acts entirely as his own gardener, and he has certainly succeeded in -forming a very choice collection of plants, consisting of hardy shrub, -perennials, and exotics. There are grown in this small spot, sixty sorts -of _Camellias_, a good variety of _Ericas_, and numerous other Cape -plants, with some very curious _Cacteĉ_. In a little stove, divided in -two divisions, I observed also a few pine apples, but of a very inferior -size, and not worth the trouble even of eating, let alone rearing. The -other description of plants looked healthy, the peach-trees against the -low wall were very well managed and neatly trained. The vines were also -judiciously trained to a wooden trellising against the wall. On the -whole it is an interesting collection, and well worth the stranger's -notice. On my return I proceeded in the afternoon to Rosenstein palace, -which is about two English miles from Stuttgard; but his excellency -having the kindness to send his carriage, and being again accompanied by -M. Hertz, we soon arrived there, and again met with M. Bosch. - -This palace is a magnificent building, placed on a fine situation, -commanding beautiful views of the Swabian Alps, also of Carstadt, where -there are found buildings of the Romans, and large pieces of fossils, -particularly of the mammoth. The Necker also forms a fine feature from -this palace. - -The grounds are very extensive, and the drives and walks well kept; the -ground is now formed into beautiful sloping turf, which I understood was -formerly in a very unlevel and rough state. It is beautifully -diversified with various fine drives, which I could not but admire, -being destitute of the fantastic twists, that are so often thrown in -without the the least meaning. - -At present the grounds around this palace have rather a naked -appearance, for want of trees and shrubs, but this defect M. Bosch is -rapidly removing, so that a few years will produce a very different -effect; much difficulty is however experienced in getting the trees -established, owing to the high elevation of the ground, and the general -droughts in summer. At Rosenstein, I saw one of the most complete -vineyards that I ever met with, formed on the slope of a hill, with -wooden trellisses, so constructed as to have the greatest degree of the -sun's rays, at that season when the fruit requires it most. These -trellisses are arranged about six feet apart each other, and are formed -thus, /_\, so that the vines are laid on an inclined plane, and the -fruit appearing on all sides, have really a delightful effect. The -trellis is five feet high, and six feet wide at bottom, and the whole -constructed something like a parabola, and continued along the slope of -ground in a curved line. I did not observe the vine in such a prolific -state any where else, and the whole looked remarkably neat. At a -considerable distance from the palace, some very extensive fruit -terraces were forming on the slope of a hill, near the town of Carstadt; -nearly two hundred men were busily employed blasting rock, and forming -the terraces, which are intended for the vine, fig, peach, apricot, &c., -and from the fine sheltered situation in which they are placed, I -imagine the success will be fully equal to their expectations. On -approaching these terraces I was at first surprised to observe the -workmen surrounded by a number of soldiers, who were stationed at -different parts, throughout them. I however soon observed that this -precaution was necessary, as many of the workmen so employed, were -convicts, and heavily loaded with chains round their legs. I walked over -a great part of these extensive grounds, and was much pleased with the -different objects I saw, and improvements proceeding with. - -Sept. 12th. Started this morning, for Hohenheim palace, which is -situated about six English miles from Stuttgard; it is now occupied as -an agricultural establishment, and has attached to it a thousand acres -of ground, devoted to agricultural experiments. I was much gratified by -seeing the granary of seeds, consisting of a great variety of the -different kinds used in husbandry, which was said to amount to five -hundred sorts. The stock of cattle and sheep, is very fine and -extensive. The repository of agricultural implements contains the -various instruments used in farming, from every known country, and are -all kept in excellent order. - -The different domestic apartments in the palace, are occupied by -numerous pupils, who congregate here from all parts of Germany. I was -happy to learn that the produce of the establishment was sufficient to -meet all the expences, attending its cultivation. In the pleasure -ground, or rather nursery, a great quantity of the more common sorts of -shrubs is cultivated. I observed a fine tree covered with fruit of the -_Prunus cirrhifera_, an excellent plum, quite round, and of a purple -colour. I also saw a fine specimen of the _Tilia alba_, that was planted -by Duke Charles the _Fraxinus juglandifolia_, was a particularly noble -plant, as well as the _Quercus macrocarpa_, and various other species of -this genus. There are about sixty _arpents_ of ground here, under young -fruit tree cultivation, which are grown for sale. - -During the time that Duke Charles resided at Hohenheim, the gardens were -much celebrated, and attracted numerous visitors from all parts of -Germany. There is a fine piece of ground called the English garden, that -was much admired, but now we have only the forlorn remains of it left. -At the front of the palace, are still several of the old flower beds, -and the balustrade wall, which forms a fine sweep, at the principal or -entrance front. It was in Duke Charles's time well stocked with orange -trees, but none are now in existence. The ground falls considerably, -towards the south, from the palace, and when under garden cultivation, -it must have had a very pretty effect. The view from the windows, over a -small town called Boblingen, and the surrounding scenery, is very fine, -the Swabian Alps appearing in the distance. I should imagine Hohenheim -palace, about sixty years ago, must have been one of the most -magnificent in Wurtemberg, but the apartments are rapidly going to -decay. The new road lately formed near to Stuttgard, winding through the -vineyard plantations, with their numerous small huts or watch boxes, -has also a very pretty effect, although rather fatiguing from its steep -ascent. - -On my return from Hohenheim, I again called on Mr. Koster, the British -secretary of legation, who accompanied me to the house of M. de Kerner, -where I saw eighty-three volumes of the splendid Botanical work, -executed by the late M. de Kerner, which consists of above one thousand -drawings of the various fruits, and other exotic flowering plants, which -are undoubtedly exquisite specimens of that gentleman's abilities as a -draughtsman. These volumes were only purchased by the royal libraries of -Vienna, St. Petersburg, Munich, Stuttgard, and Copenhagen, at a price of -seventeen hundred pounds; only six or seven copies were executed, one of -which is still on hand, in the possession of M. de Kerner. After again -procuring my passport, I started about eight o'clock in the evening, for -Carlsruhe, where I arrived at five the next morning. - -Sept. 13th. On my arrival I found that the diligence would start in the -course of twenty minutes for Baden. I started by it, and arrived there -at ten o'clock. His Excellency Lord George William Russell, kindly gave -me a note of introduction to Sir John Frost, the late secretary of the -Medico-Botanical Society of London, who was then residing at Baden, and -practising as a physician. This gentleman furnished me with several -notes of introduction, to some of his Botanical friends, and also kindly -shewed me the different objects of interest about the town; amongst -which was the fountain of mineral-water, so much celebrated, for various -diseases. It is of a very high temperature; so much so, that I was -unable to drink a glass of it, without first letting it cool; from the -appearance of the fountain, one would imagine that a strong fire was -burning under it. From the baths we proceeded to the castle garden, and -from hence, a considerable way up the hill, where is a most delightful -prospect of the town, and its very romantic scenery. The old castle -forms a prominent object of attraction, which, with the tremendous -precipices of rock, and plantations, render this spot the most -picturesque that I had previously met with on my tour through Germany. - -An excellent promenade, called the English garden, with neatly kept -walks and pieces of lawn, is much frequented by the inhabitants and -visitors. Situated in the promenade is a magnificent building called the -"Conversation House," with numerous orange trees arranged in front of -it. - -In the interior, I was much surprised to see in a very capacious room, -splendidly furnished, a large concourse of ladies and gentlemen, during -Sunday, very busy at the gambling tables; in fact the ladies appeared to -be fully as expert gamblers as the gentlemen. I also made a visit to the -convent, where two skeletons of saints decorated with numerous pearls, -rings, and other costly ornaments are exhibited; the skull and teeth -appeared to be in pretty good preservation, but these superstitious -decorations, so perfectly incongruous, might be well dispensed with. The -number of strangers calculated to have visited Baden, during the season -of 1835, are said to have amounted to thirteen thousand. The scenery for -a great part of the way from Carlsruhe to Baden, is considerably varied, -and the old castle of Eberstein appearing on an eminence, with well -planted hills, forms a lively contrast. We also passed through a -handsome town called Rastadt, situated on the river Murg, where a -palace, belonging to the grand duke of Baden, appears conspicuous from -the road. - -Sept. 14th. I called this morning on Mr. Kennedy (brother to the -Marquess of Ailsa,) and delivered to him a note of introduction that I -received from Lord G. W. Russell. Mr. Kennedy very kindly accompanied me -to the Botanic Garden, and introduced me to M. Held, the gardener, a -very intelligent man; here the enormous height that the _Melaleuca -stipulacea_ had attained, which was nearly forty feet, is truly -astonishing. Various other _Melaleucas_ and _Banksias_ were nearly as -high; the _Dracĉna Draco_ (Dragon-tree,) was about twenty feet in -height; and the _Pomaderis apetala_ almost thirty feet. In this garden -are various ranges of houses for the cultivation of tropical and other -green-house plants, which are extensively cultivated. The houses have -all dark roofs, with glass only in front; yet the greater part of their -inmates looked very healthy, particularly the greenhouse plants; but -these had the advantage of being exposed to the weather during the -summer months. Various pits were also in this establishment for the -growth and protection of the half-hardy species. The _Succulentĉ_ are -extensively cultivated; there are nearly one hundred and forty species -of _Mesembryanthemums_, and about one hundred different kinds of -_Aloes_, besides a pretty good collection of the _Cacteĉ_. The -_Rhododendron_ and _Azalea_, are cultivated out of doors, which is -rarely the case in any other garden in Germany. - -The herbaceous ground is formed into oblong squares, and these again -divided into narrow beds, which are well stocked with a great variety of -hardy flowering perennials. The whole of this botanical department was -remarkably neat and clean, having, it is understood, been much improved -since M. Held was appointed. It appeared to me, however, to be much too -crowded with these heavy looking houses, which are too numerous for a -space of ground, undoubtedly too contracted and confined for such a -collection of plants. - -The park, or pleasure-ground, adjoins the garden, and although of a dull -flat surface, yet it contains many very fine specimens of ornamental -trees and shrubs. I observed, for instance, the _Salisburia -adiantifolia_, sixty feet high, and several very large tulip trees, and -the _Sophora Japonica_; a fine specimen of the _Acer dasycarpum_, -measured no less than a space of ground of twenty yards regular -diameter. I was much pleased with a small flower garden, close to the -palace windows, which was well stocked with flowers in full bloom. The -grounds are laid out with numerous avenues radiating from the palace, -which extend in a straight line for a considerable distance; I reckoned -twenty-seven of these avenues, which had certainly rather an imposing -effect, and various walks and rides that branch off through the grounds -in different directions. There is also an extensive piece of ground -enclosed with a high wall, occupied as a nursery, and well stocked with -various hardy species of trees and shrubs. The front of the palace, next -Carlsruhe, was ornamented with large orange trees. The orangery was a -large building, the front of which was well covered with grape-vines in -a prolific state. - -Sept. 15th. Left Carlsruhe at six o'clock, a.m. for Heidelberg, passing -through a fine fertile country, chiefly occupied with green crops. The -mangel wurtzel, Indian corn, and fine crops of tobacco, are cultivated -here, as well as in many other parts of Germany. Arrived at Heidelberg -at eleven o'clock, and proceeded to the Botanic Garden, which has been -only recently established, and contains a neat range of hot-houses, -about one hundred and sixty feet long, besides a large sized pit in -front of the range, one hundred feet long. This garden, although small, -is pleasantly situated, and well arranged. In the centre is an oblong -piece of water, the banks around which are considerably elevated, and -planted with standard fruit trees, such as peaches, apricots, plums, and -pears. The garden forms an oblong square, with a range of hot-houses and -gardener's house at the north end, close to the Heidelberg Gate. These -hothouses were the best and neatest-built that I had met with in -Germany, and contain a pretty fair collection of plants, with some very -fine species of _Cacteĉ_. Along by the east side of the garden is an -avenue of very fine specimens of the _Robinia inermis_, which is also -continued along the south side of the town for a considerable distance. - -I next proceeded to Schwetzingen, another magnificent establishment, -belonging to the Grand Duke of Baden. The palace and gardens are -situated about five English miles from Heidelberg, and are -unquestionably well worth the stranger's visit. In the approach to them -by an arch-way at the palace, we have a view of a large circular piece -of ground, divided into various divisions, in which are cultivated a -good collection of flowering plants; there are also in this spot a -number of fine orange trees, arranged along the edges of broad gravel -walks; several of them forming a straight avenue, extending in various -directions. The centre walk or avenue, leading from the palace, is -terminated by an extensive sheet of water, where is placed a fine group -of sculpture, as well as another at the commencement of the avenue, at -the end of the grass, next to the circular piece of ground, where the -orange trees are arranged. On each side of this principal avenue is -situated an oblong piece of ground, laid out in the French style of -gardening, with numerous straight walks, and circular spaces at their -junctions. The exterior of the ground, and that by the lake, is laid out -in the English style, and consists of various clumps of trees; and the -very fine irregular sheet of water has really a very good effect. - -I was much pleased with a very fine ruin, which is ascended by steps to -a very considerable height, from whence is a delightful prospect of the -gardens and adjoining scenery. The Temple of Apollo, with the stupendous -blocks of rock, and the water dashing against them, is another object -deserving of notice. The Temple of Minerva is also a very pretty -erection. A Roman aqueduct forms a very prominent object of attraction, -but at this season of the year it appeared to be but indifferently -supplied with water, which might be occasioned by the long and universal -drought. A Temple Botanique, and a very handsome Kiosk, formed objects -of interest and ornaments to the garden. An extensive arched trellising -covered with creepers also attracted my notice: in it were numerous -arborial openings on both sides. - -The collection of Cape and New Holland plants is pretty extensive, and -numerous species of the _Genus Erica_ are also cultivated. In the -kitchen garden various pyramidal-formed pear trees are grown; and the -hothouses are of a better description than are usually to be met with in -Germany; the south-side glass, and the back opaque, with span roofs. The -pine-apples here were the best that I had previously met with during my -tour in Germany. To give an accurate description of the various objects -of interest that are to be seen in these grounds would require one well -acquainted with the premises, and several days' actual residence on the -spot. The orange houses are substantial built houses, with dark roofs, -and the collection of trees, from their appearance, from four to five -hundred, which were in a healthy state. - -Having a letter of introduction from Sir John Frost and M. Kilter from -the neighbourhood of Vienna (who visited Woburn Abbey last summer) to -the principal director, I experienced the greatest attention from him; -the greatest pains were taken in pointing out to me every thing worthy -of notice. - -Returned to Heidelberg, and visited the ruins of an old castle, situated -on the face of a hill overlooking the town, and the river Necker, and -surrounded by high hills well planted, which form an eminence -considerably above the castle, where there is a platform or resting -place: the view of the extent of country and its romantic scenery is -really grand. On the top of two of these hills are high towers, the -prospect from which must be still more extensive. On approaching the old -castle, I was agreeably surprised to observe some fine walks, with a -collection of trees or arboretum, with printed labels attached to them, -and the ground in good order. From this we still continued to descend to -the old castle, which, even in its present state, must strike the -stranger with regret that such a magnificent building should have been -permitted to go to decay, particularly as the stone work appears in a -good state of preservation. The prospect from the terrace, on the -north-side of the castle, is really grand, commanding the circuitous -course of the Necker, the lofty and undulating hills on each side, which -I imagine must be elevated at least two thousand feet above the level of -the site of the castle. - -In the interior of the building is the celebrated _Heidelberg tun_, -which was formerly used in making the Rhenish wine, with the great -machine that was in use for that purpose, and from its size the quantity -made daily must have been very great; near to it stands a figure of one -of the wine makers, who was in the habit of drinking fifteen bottles -every day. The approach of night prevented me from inspecting the -interior of this old castle so minutely as I could have wished. -Descending from a hill considerably elevated above this building, I -passed through a grove of fine trees (sweet chesnuts) all in full -bearing. - -The country and romantic scenery in the vicinity of Heidelberg pleased -me more than anything of the kind I had previously met with. - -Sept. 19th. Left Heidelberg at six o'clock a. m. for Frankfort, the road -winding along the river Necker, for a considerable distance, through a -flat country to the left; but the high hills on the right as we passed -from this to Darmstadt formed a pleasing contrast. The scenery for the -first ten or twelve miles is very picturesque, from the high undulating -hills, having numerous old romantic castellated ruins on their summits, -or commanding points, which form prominent features of attraction. These -hills are likewise well planted with forest trees; and large tracts are -under vineyard culture. - -Arrived at Darmstadt at half-past one o'clock. I was much pleased with -the cleanliness and elevated situation of this town, which is said to -contain above twenty thousand inhabitants; the houses are handsomely -built, the streets wide, and in good proportion to the height and size -of the houses; they have also flag pavements, which is a rarity in -Germany. The opera-house is a splendid building, as well as the -cathedral. The palace is also a fine old building, and has attached to -it an extensive pleasure ground and kitchen garden. - -Having but a very short time to stop here I made but a hasty visit -through the gardens. The kitchen garden walls were well stocked with -trees in full bearing, and large crops of vegetables appeared to be -extensively cultivated: from thence I went to the extremity of the -grounds, near which is a small herbaceous ground, with a good collection -of plants in it, but I observed but little in the ornamental way in the -arboretum department. - -About the centre is prettily formed, although dirty, a sheet of water, -with a fanciful boat, for passing to and from a small island in the -centre. The grounds are very flat and not varied, but possess numerous -walks and rides which are frequented by the inhabitants. - -I here observed a large number of horses, belonging to the Grand Duke, -passing through the town to the Ducal stables. There are military -barracks, and a large establishment of soldiers stationed here. This is -evidently not a town of trade, but is principally occupied by the -military. - -Left Darmstadt at three o'clock for Frankfort; the country betwixt these -towns is not much varied, but the soil appears very fertile, and -produces good crops. I was, however, quite astonished at the number of -carriages and other vehicles passing and re-passing betwixt Frankfort -and Heidelberg; the road appeared to be nearly as much crowded as any of -the English roads leading to London, and amongst these travellers were -many English families. - -Arrived at Frankfort at six o'clock in the evening; the hotels were all -so crowded with strangers that it was with difficulty I procured a bed, -but at last the landlord of the Hotel d'Angleterre obtained me a room in -a private house. - -Sept. 17th. In the morning I visited the Catholic cathedral, which is -said to be one thousand years old, and contains a curious clock and -almanac, made and placed in it about four hundred years ago; and then -proceeded to the banking-house of Messrs. Koch and Co., and delivered to -them a letter of introduction from His Excellency Lord G. W. Russell. -They kindly furnished me with notes of introduction to several of the -best gardens in Frankfort. I then visited the nursery gardens of M. -Rintz, which are situated in the suburbs of the town, and contain about -eighteen English acres, chiefly occupied with fruit trees. There are -also several hothouses and pits for Cape and other plants, which are -pretty extensively cultivated, with a good variety of _Ericas_ and other -greenhouse plants, as well as several fine specimens of _Cacteĉ_, and a -very extensive variety of the _Camelliĉ_; but unfortunately none of -these being at this season in flower, I had not the pleasure of seeing -M. Rintz's celebrated variety, which is said to be very fine. This -gentleman then accompanied me to the garden of M. Andreĉ Willemer, which -is close to the town, but is very limited in extent; it contains a very -good greenhouse, and low pits and frames, which were then well stocked -with a very fine collection of _Cacteĉ_, amongst which were many very -scarce species. This gentleman devotes much attention to the cultivation -of this tribe of plants, and appeared to put a higher value on many of -them than they are actually worth; for instance, the _Cactus Senilis_ he -would not part with for fifty pounds, although possessing duplicates. -There was also a good assortment of Cape plants and a number of -_Ericas_, which are now beginning to be more extensively cultivated in -Germany than they previously were. - -I then paid a visit to the Frankfort Botanic Garden, which is of very -limited extent, and its collection of plants also very contracted. These -is, however, attached to it, the Senkenberg Society, which contains a -splendid collection of objects in natural history, such as birds, -fishes, shells, minerals, and animals, which are well worth the -stranger's notice. - -From this I proceeded to the gardens of M. Gogel, situated about four -English miles from Frankfort, containing twenty-four German acres, with -several hothouses and pits for the growth of the pine-apple and other -tropical plants, which are extensively cultivated here. This gentleman -has a very fine collection of the hardy grapes on the garden walls, with -a large space of vegetable ground, well cropped. The lawn in front of -the house appears, from the River Main, to much advantage, as well as a -fine avenue of lime trees, that have grown to a large size. At the lower -end of this avenue is a fine vista of the river and packets, or boats, -that pass to and from Frankfort and Mayence. - -On my return, I called at the villa garden of M. Stern, which is a -pretty little spot, with a great variety of pelargoniums and dahlias, -and other green-house plants, and contains some small green-houses and -pits for their protection; there is also a good collection of camellias, -all in a healthy state. - -Adjoining this is another villa, belonging to M. Cronelius, that has -also several good hothouses and pits, with a large variety of _Ericas_, -_Camellias_, _Dryandrias_, and _Geraniums_, as well as other New Holland -plants. There are likewise several espalier divisions, in which the pear -tree is extensively cultivated, and appeared to be in a very prolific -state. There is a considerable extent of ground under kitchen cropping, -and also a pleasure ground, which was very well kept. - -The garden of Baron Rothschild, close to the town of Frankfort, is -undoubtedly the best in this neighbourhood that came under my -observation; it contains thirty-five German acres, with several -green-houses, besides an extensive range then building, about two -hundred feet long, which was also intended for plants, and is divided -into seven apartments, in order that those kinds that require different -temperatures may be kept separately; this range when completed will have -a very fine effect. In front of the mansion were placed two large -stands well stocked with geraniums, and some very good orange trees, in -tubs, which are removed from this site to the green-house early in -autumn. I here observed a very fine specimen of the _Araucaria excelsa_, -which was beautifully feathered to the ground; this is unquestionably -one of the finest specimens of this plant that I have seen on the -continent or in England, with the exception of that at Dropmore, which -is much finer in every respect. Baron Rothschild's _Araucaria_ is little -inferior to the one at Prince de Linge's at Belial. - -Opposite to the house is a prospect tower, that commands a fine view of -Frankfort and surrounding country; there is also an arched walk -completely covered with grape vines. The grass lawn was well kept, and -various clumps of trees and shrubs dispersed through it. A small piece -of water is enclosed at the lower end of the ground for water fowl. In -this garden I observed a good collection of green-house plants and -_Ericas_. - -The fortifications that formerly surrounded the town are now demolished, -and formed into a public promenade for the inhabitants, and are well -laid out, with various clumps of trees and shrubs, broad walks, and -benches. - -Frankfort is a town of great traffic, and is said to contain about -40,000 inhabitants. - -Sept. 18th. Left Frankfort at ten o'clock for Mayence, and passed -through a fertile sandy country, which is well stocked with grape -vines, but the country not much varied; the scenery as we approach -Mayence is more picturesque, particularly when we get in view of the -town. We pass through a handsome barrack, situated on the verge of the -river, proceeding across a long wooden bridge that leads to the town. -Opposite to this wooden bridge, are placed seventeen watermills for -grinding flour, which were then busily at work. - -The town is surrounded by very deep rampart ditches, faced with strong -stone walls, a very good promenade, and a number of small gardens with -clipt hedges, near the edge of the Rhine, where there is an avenue that -extends along its banks formed by large trees of Poplar and Robinias. At -a short distance from Mayence, but on the opposite side and close to the -banks of the river is a very fine old castellated building, and a small -village adjoining, which form a prominent feature in the scenery from -the Mayence bridge. - -Sept. 19th. Left Mayence per steam packet for Bonn. For the first two -hours, we made scarcely any progress, owing to the dense fog, which we -were all anxious to see disperse, in order that the beautiful scenery -might be seen to full advantage: it was however not before nine o'clock, -that the banks of the Rhine were quite clear, when the packet began to -make a rapid progress, and passing rapidly along between numerous -stupendous rocks, old castles, and small towns situated close by the -river side. - -The banks of the Rhine are extensively cultivated as vineyards. When we -arrived at Katz, which is considered about the middle of the best -scenery, we met the other steam packet, coming up at Werlau. The scenery -here is truly grand; the high mountainous rocks and old castellated -ruins, with the various undulations and other objects, render this -region highly picturesque. There is a pretty town close by the water -edge, with white houses, and corresponding village on the opposite side, -and another appearing just at the extremity of a deep valley in -prospect. The old castle called Marksburg, is a prominent object, but to -attempt to describe or enumerate all the various features of interest -that come under observation in passing along the Rhine, would be an -endless task. The scenery at Coblentz is very beautiful, with its bridge -of boats across the Rhine, similar to that at Mayence. A large rock -called the Stromberg, is very picturesque, with the castellated ruins at -the top, and several other rocks of smaller dimensions in its vicinity, -nearly opposite to which the Rhine surrounds a small island. This may be -considered about the last of the romantic scenery that comes in view, as -we pass down the Rhine. - -Arrived at Bonn, about five o'clock, where I experienced some difficulty -in getting a lodging, in consequence of the great meeting of scientific -professors having been here congregated. After at last finding -admittance in a hotel, I proceeded to the Botanic garden, which is -situated about a mile from the town, surrounding the south and east -sides of the university, and containing a very handsome range of -hothouses, from three to four hundred feet in length, which also form -nearly a line, or a range, with the principle front of the university. -The hothouses are in five divisions, and contain an extensive collection -of _Ferns_ and _Graminea_; many of the stove plants were in a very -luxuriant state, and looked very healthy. Behind this range is the -annual ground, where the different species are cultivated, which -appeared to occupy about an acre: there are several low pits placed in -this department, for the growth of _Cacteĉ_, and _Orchideĉ_, and other -dwarf-growing species; but the collection of _Cacteĉ_ and _Orchideĉ_ is -very limited. Immediately in front of the range of hothouses, is an -arboretum of hardy trees and shrubs, much too crowded, and planted too -close to the hothouses, and is continued in a manner round the two ends -and south side of the garden. Opposite the principal front of the -university, is arranged the collection of _Herbaceous_ plants, according -to the natural system, but the beds are all of an oblong form, with -broad alleys or foot-paths, betwixt them: an extensive collection of the -hardy flowering perennial plants was grown in the _Herbaceous_ ground, -but the variety of hardy trees and shrubs appeared to be very limited. -There were placed along the front of the university several clumps of -green-house plants, and orange trees. - -The university was formerly a royal palace, but the lower apartments are -now devoted to collections of natural history; the length of the front -measures eighty eight yards, and appeared to be about square, with an -inner court. On my return, I met with professor Treveranes, and gave him -a letter of introduction that I had from Sir W. Hooker. I learned from -the professor, that the prince of Salm-Dyck was then in Bonn, attending -the scientific meeting, and if I did not see him that evening, I should -not be able to see him at all; having a letter of introduction to his -highness from Sir W. Hooker, and from Mr. Sabine, and being anxious to -see the prince, if possible, I made the best of my way back to Bonn, to -the hotel where the prince was stated to be residing; but on enquiring -there, finding he had gone out, I immediately proceeded in search of the -prince to another hotel to which I had been directed. After waiting some -time, I found his highness had not arrived, but was expected very soon. -I therefore amused myself in looking through several splendid apartments -which were then occupied by a large number of ladies and gentlemen, who -meet at this hotel or club-house every night, to supper and various -amusements. At last I was informed that the prince had just arrived, -when I delivered my letters of introduction, and apologised for -intruding at that unseasonable time. The Prince appointed me to be with -him at nine o'clock the following morning, when his Highness was pleased -to give me a letter to his gardener at Salm-Dyck, directing him to shew -me the grounds and collections under his care. - -Sept. 20th. After my return from the prince, I made another excursion to -the Botanic garden, where I again saw the professor Treveranes, who had -not accompanied his learned brethren to Cologne, who to the number of -about four hundred had departed that morning for that town. - -I took a walk on my return from the Botanic gardens round the environs, -and was much pleased by the objects of interest that displayed in -different directions. The scenery around Bonn is particularly fine, and -some good prospects from a hill, at a short distance from the town; but -as I intended starting by the early steam packet, I had not time to -reach its summit, although very inviting. - -The Cathedral is a very fine building, and its interior handsomely -fitted up. - -The packet arrived at half-past two o'clock: I took my departure for -Dusseldorf, and passed by Cologne, where, I imagine, there must have -been several thousand people assembled on the harbour and bridge. - -We now changed packets for one of less dimensions and splendour, and -arrived at Dusseldorf about half-past ten o'clock. The scenery from -Cologne to Dusseldorf was flat, and but little varied; in short Bonn is -the termination of picturesque scenery. - -At Dusseldorf, I had but little difficulty in finding a hotel, as they -were not so much crowded as at Bonn. - -Sept. 21st. Started at six o'clock, a. m. for prince Salm-Dyck's -Château, which is situated about ten miles from Dusseldorf, on the -opposite side of the Rhine, which is crossed in a flat barge, and passes -through the ancient town of Neuss, at which place Buonaparte's design of -connecting the Rhine, Scheldt, and Meuse, is nearly completed. - -The suburbs of Neuss abound in numerous vegetable gardens, enclosed with -well clipt hedges. The ground in this part of the country, is a strong -rich looking yellowish loam, and produces strong crops of corn, clover, -and potatoes. The road however leading through a part of this country to -the prince's palace, is very much out of repair, and appeared to have -been neglected for a considerable time. - -On arriving at the palace, I immediately found out M. Funck, the -prince's gardener, and delivered to him my letters of introduction from -the prince, and from M. Otto, of Berlin. The garden ground attached to -this residence, contains one hundred and eighty German acres; the -surface is considerably varied, and consists of numerous fine trees and -shrubs grouped together on the lawn, the rising ground being judiciously -planted with the loftiest growing sorts, and kept towards the extremity -of the arboretum; amongst these I observed some very fine specimens of -beeches and oaks; the beeches were particularly fine. - -I saw here the _Gleditschia tricantha_, 50 feet high, and the _Populus -Canadensis_ eleven feet in circumference, by about sixty in height; also -a fine specimen of _Acer dasycarpum_. The trees in this arboretum are -arranged according to the system of _Jussieu_; there is likewise a -natural arrangement of herbaceous plants nearer to the palace and green -houses. I here observed a good collection of _Pĉonias_, but the prince -excels most in the _Succulent_ tribe of plants, such as the _Cacteĉ_, -_Mesembryanthemum_, and _Aloes_. - -Although the _Cacteĉ_ are very numerous they were not such fine -specimens as in the Berlin garden. A sheet of water encloses, in a -manner, the greater part of the palace and its offices, and from the -windows it has a very fine effect, with its bold sweeping banks -extending along the arboretum, where a pretty wooden bridge appears in -view. The hothouses are rather in a decayed state; but M. Funck informed -me that the prince intended re-building them. In the greenhouse are some -very rare specimens of _Yuccas_ and _Aloes_. I understood from M. Funck -that Mr. Hitchen, of Norwich, had the greater part of his celebrated -collection from this garden, whence I also anticipate receiving, ere -long, not a few rarities. - -In going through the interior of the palace I saw a number of very old -paintings, many of which represented former princes of Salm-dyck, but -they are not in a good state of preservation; the rooms and furniture -are of antique appearance, as well as the exterior of the palace. After -spending several hours in inspecting the plants and grounds, I returned -to Dusseldorf, to see the botanic garden belonging to that town, which -is certainly neither difficult to get over, nor to see its contents, the -space of ground being very contracted, and the plants also few in -number. - -They principally consisted of annuals; with a few rare species of -_Cacteĉ_, not easily to be met with. I was, however, more pleased with -the public garden or promenade, which surrounds the town, and is very -extensive; it is particularly well laid out with fine broad walks, -clumps of trees and shrubs, and lawn intervening, and great variation of -surface, with different points of view commanding fine prospects of the -Rhine, with its boats and steam packets. - -There is in this promenade a fine avenue of _Populus dilatata_, as well -as the _Tilia Europĉa_, (Lime tree,) also several pieces of water, the -outline of some formed with much taste and intricacy, while others are -left rather formal; but, on the whole, little room is left for -criticism. Dusseldorf is a handsome town, and contains about 18,000 -inhabitants; with good streets and well built houses. - -Sept. 22nd. Left Dusseldorf by diligence at eight o'clock, a.m.; and -passed by the palace of prince Frederic, which is situated close by the -road side, in front of which the orange trees and sheets of water -appear very conspicuous. The gardens are said to contain a good -collection of plants. - -Arrived at Cologne at one o'clock. This town is of considerable extent -and traffic, and has a population of upwards of 50,000 inhabitants. The -great object of attraction for the stranger is the magnificent church, -or cathedral, one of the finest in Europe, the dome one hundred and -eighty feet high, and the interior illuminated with beautiful stained -glass windows; the portraits as large as life, and magnificently -executed. I was, however, more pleased by the exquisite architecture of -the exterior; when finished, the effect will be grand in the extreme. On -the south side of the town are strong fortifications, opposite to which -is a promenade, that runs along a narrow slip of plantation on the -exterior side of them. There are also numerous fields for the growth of -vegetables. I here observed a small nursery garden well stocked with -fruit trees and shrubs. At a short distance from this I saw a large -building which I concluded to be a military barrack or magazine, which -was guarded by soldiers. By the time that I had completed my survey of -the town, I found that it was approaching to the hour that the diligence -was to leave for Aix-la-Chapelle. I started about seven o'clock in the -evening for this town, where we arrived at four o'clock the following -morning. - -Sept. 23rd. Having a few hours to stop before the diligence set out, I -proceeded to the cathedral, where the celebration of the mass was -performing. It is a very splendid building, the interior highly -ornamented on the ceiling with fine fresco paintings. - -The town hall, or now police office, is also a very magnificent -building; I observed some fine paintings in the interior. - -The several celebrated mineral springs in this town are nearly as hot as -those at Baden; leading from the Baths, is a handsome street and a -number of good houses, that appeared to have been recently erected. At a -short distance from the town is a prettily planted hill, which must -command a fine prospect from its top of the surrounding country and -scenery; but my time would not permit a visit to it. In the vicinity of -Aix-la-Chapelle are numerous market gardens, but I observed no nursery -stock. The road leading from hence to Liege is considerably varied, and -the ground apparently of a rich fertile nature. The town of Liege is -situated in a beautiful valley, at the junction of the river Meuse with -the Ourthe, and surrounded by hills and fertile pasture, the latter -being watered by three rivers, the Ourthe, the Vestre, and the Meuse. - -This city contains a great many very fine built houses, and is much -celebrated for its various manufactories, which principally consist of -marble, coal, iron, and various other hardware articles. The old palace -is a fine antique building of the Ionic order; the different apartments -in it were then undergoing a thorough repair. The viranda that surrounds -the inner square is now formed into an arcade of shops. From this palace -I proceeded to the old citadel on mount St. Walburgh, which commands a -fine view of the town, the river Meuse, and the surrounding scenery, for -several miles in extent. - -Sept. 24th. Went this morning to the cathedral, the architectural -arrangements of which are very imposing; the interior decorations are -well deserving of the stranger's notice, as well as its richly -ornamented ceiling, and beautifully painted windows, and several fine -pictures and groups of sculpture. I next proceeded to M. Makoy's -nursery, which is situated about two or three English miles from the -town. It contains an extensive collection of plants, which are extremely -well grown, and all in fine saleable condition. The spirited proprietor -was then erecting another extensive range of hothouses, and heating it -with hot water, which, together with the numerous houses he has already, -will extend his plant houses to about six hundred feet in length. In -this nursery I observed one of the best collections of green-house -plants, that I met with on the continent; they were undoubtedly not -surpassed in their growth by any collection that I have seen; the -_Camellias_, _Cacteĉ_, and orchideous plants, also form a prominent -feature in this establishment, as well as the collection of _Azaleas_, -and _Rhododendrons_, which were all in fine condition, the nursery -ground in good keeping, and well stocked with fruit trees. - -On my return I visited the botanic garden, which surrounds the -university, and contains nearly two English acres of ground, in which is -cultivated a good collection of hardy perennials, and _Gramineĉ_ plants. -There are also three hothouses for the growth of tropical and Cape -plants. In the stove I observed a very fine specimen of the _Dracĉna -Draco_, (Dragon tree,) which was twenty two feet high; the _Caladium -lacerum_ had also attained the height of fifteen feet; there was -likewise a very fine plant of the _Crinum amabile_, then in flower. The -university is a magnificent building, and is at present having large -additions made to it. - -I started at twelve o'clock for Namur. The road, leading along the river -Meuse, is extremely picturesque, the large rocks and varied surface give -it a fine appearance. Along the banks by the road side I observed the -common box growing in great abundance. We skirted an extensive tract of -vineyards, which are cultivated along the banks or rising ground on the -right side of the river Meuse, as we pass from Liege to Huy. At this -town we cross the river by a stone bridge. Huy contains a number of well -built houses, and is pleasantly situated, being surrounded by lofty -rocks, with a strong fortification. The road skirting the river Meuse -from Huy to Namur, appeared to me to be of the most romantic and -beautiful scenery that I had previously met with, particularly a part -of it, when approaching within a few miles of Namur, where the rocks and -varied surface give it a most interesting appearance. In a picturesque -spot on this line of road we have in full view the summer chateau of the -prince d'Aremberg, as well as various other handsome residences. - -Arrived at seven o'clock in the evening at Namur, when there commenced a -tremendous storm of thunder and lightning and rain, which continued for -several hours. Namur is a strongly fortified town, situated in a valley, -at the junction of the rivers Meuse and Sambre. The cathedral is an -object of interest; but as I left the same evening by diligence for -Mons, I was unable to see this noble structure. - -The view from the bridge opposite the fortifications has a grand -appearance to the eye of the stranger. Left Namur at half past nine -o'clock, and arrived at Mons at ten o'clock the following morning. - -Sept. 25th. Mons is a strongly fortified town, and abounds with market -gardens in the environs. It appeared to be the centre of a great -agricultural district. Coal-works are likewise very abundant in its -vicinity. - -I proceeded from this town to Bel[oe]il in a cabriolet; passing through -a fertile country, and a fine plantation belonging to the Prince de -Ligne, which contained some fine beech trees, with numerous avenues, but -a horrid road; the wheels of the cabriolet sinking up near to the -axeltree for the greater part of the journey. On my arrival at -Bel[oe]il I was unfortunate in not finding the Prince at home, as I had -a letter of introduction to his highness from Sir Robert Adair. I found -some difficulty in obtaining admittance into the gardens; but on the -arrival of a gentleman belonging to the establishment, he gave orders to -one of the guards to conduct me through the grounds to the kitchen -garden. The palace is surrounded by water, and at the principal front is -a large oblong sheet of water, with a large mass of sculpture at its -extremity. The prospect from the palace windows, along this piece of -water and the avenue, which is formed by high clipped hornbeam hedges, -as well as by the lime-tree, appeared very fine, and extended for -several miles in a straight direction. The grounds are very extensive, -and intersected by numerous avenues of hornbeam hedges, which are of -great height, with various arborial windows cut in them from eight to -ten feet from the ground. In short, the number of avenues and well-clipt -hedges that lead in every direction through these grounds, render it a -place well worthy of a visit, and constitute a different feature in -gardening from what is generally to be met with elsewhere. - -The Prince has an extensive range of houses for the growth of exotics, -all connected with a large opaque-roofed orangery, which forms a centre -to the range; the wings are of different heights, and have a very good -effect. I here observed a more magnificent _Araucaria excelsa_ than I -had previously seen, with the exception of that at Dropmore, which is -much larger, and more beautiful. This orangery is a capacious building, -principally erected with red brick, with upright lights only in front, -the roof being slated. It contains a large assortment of orange trees, -in good health. There is also a house devoted to _Camellias_, containing -about two hundred and forty sorts. The botanic stoves are well stocked -with healthy plants, but there are very few of the new or lately -introduced species amongst them. I observed here a very fine specimen of -the _Coccoloba pubescens_, the leaves of which appeared to me to be more -luxuriant than on any other plant of this species that I had previously -seen. The _Urania speciosa_ was also particularly fine, and several -other kinds in a flourishing state. - -In the same compartment with the plant-houses is placed an extensive -range of pine-apple and melon-pits, as well as several structures of -peach and vine framing. In the kitchen-garden a large assortment of the -hardy fruits are cultivated, especially pears and apples; the former are -trained as standards along the borders, in a pyramidal form, and -appeared to produce excellent crops. The kitchen-gardens and -pleasure-grounds, although very extensive, were in a very rough state; -the only part kept in good order seemed to be the plant-houses and -hedges. - -From Bel[oe]il I proceeded to Ath, a very strongly fortified town. The -country from Prince de Ligne's to Ath is very fine, and consists of a -rich agricultural soil in a high state of cultivation, producing -excellent crops. The town is said to contain about 80,000 inhabitants; -the ancient tower of Brabant forms a prominent object, and the church of -Julien is well worth notice. - -Sept. 26th. Left Ath at eight o'clock in the morning, in a cabriolet, -for Enghien, which is only a small town; but the fine park, and gardens -belonging to the duke d'Aremberg, which are situated close to the town, -are objects of general attraction. Unfortunately the castle or mansion -was burned down during the late revolution, and his highness now chiefly -resides in an ancient mansion near Louvain. The duke has lately built a -very fine range of hothouses for the growth of tropical plants; they are -four hundred and sixty feet long, and are divided into several -divisions; the centre, which is occupied as a stove for the more lofty -of the tropical plants, is sixty-six feet long, thirty four high, and -twenty five wide. In this house the _Urania speciosa_ had attained the -height of thirty three feet; the _Displotanium argenteum_ also thirty -three feet; this is a beautiful _Palm_. The _Caryota urens_ had likewise -grown to the height of thirty two feet; the circumference of its stem at -six inches from the ground is three feet three inches, gradually -tapering towards the top. _Cycas circinalis_, fourteen feet in height -and very healthy; the _Corypha umbraculifera_ twenty four feet in -height, a very beautiful palm; and a very fine specimen of the _Latania -rubra_, the _Carolina princeps_, had reached the top of the house, and -had been cut back. Numerous other species were here in a very healthy -state, and a very extensive collection of Cape and New Holland plants. -This extensive range is handsomely finished with cut stone parapet -walls, and projecting cornice over the top lights. There is another -range about one hundred and thirty feet long, with span roof, separate -from the principal range, in which are cultivated pines, bulbs, and -various other plants. In front of these ranges of hothouses is a large -lawn, with several clumps of the different species of hardy plants, -which are also extensively cultivated in this establishment. A handsome -temple is situated at a short distance from the gardens, which is -surrounded by water, from this temple diverge seven fine beech and -horse-chesnut avenues, looking in as many directions; between each are -smaller avenues parallel to them, which are terminated by handsome stone -vases. At a short distance from the avenues is the orangery, which is of -large dimensions, with an opaque roof; The orange trees were very -healthy, and formed an avenue in front of the house. M. Bedinghans, the -gardener, informed me that they only shifted them once in five years, in -a mixture of loam and leaf-mould, with a little cow-dung intermixed. At -the back of the orangery are several arched walks, formed by hornbeam -hedges, with arborial windows cut in them; they form a pleasant and -shady promenade during the summer months. The park is also very -extensive and considerably varied in its surface. - -M. Bedinghans is a native of Germany, and a very intelligent young man, -seemingly much attached to his business. He accompanied me to the -nursery garden of M. Parmentier, which is situated in the town of -Enghien. In this establishment, there is a celebrated collection of -plants, amongst which I observed a fine specimen of the _Melocactus -mitriformis_ which measured three feet in circumference, and eighteen -inches in height; and _Melocactus hystrix_ also a very fine plant. The -_Echinocactus boutillieri_, is a beautiful specimen; _Cereus -bonplandia_, _Mammillaria acanthoplegma_, _melocactus macrocanthus_; for -a plant of this latter species M. Parmentier asked three hundred francs. -The _Zamia furfuracea_ is also very fine; as well as beautiful specimens -of the following, _Wallichia caryotoides_, _Borassus flabelliformis_, -_Latania glaucophylla_, _Pandanus turbinatus_, _amaryllifolius_, -_f[oe]tidus_, _bromelifolius_, _glaucus_, _candalabrium_. The _pinus -Damara_ M. Parmentier valued at fifty guineas, and the _Magnolia -plumieri_, from the Island of St. Domingo, at eighty guineas: the _Butea -superba_ a fine plant, and fine specimens of the following species: -_Sterculia villosa_, _Stanhopea occulenta_, _Careya sphĉrica_, -_Theoprastus Americanus_, _Gesnera barbata_, _Boronia grandiceps_, -_Pinus pinnata_, and _Mexicana_; with numerous other rare species. Above -four hundred sorts of _Camellias_, and upwards of five hundred kinds of -_Cacteĉ_, are cultivated in this fine collection. - -The hothouses are very extensive, but getting rather into a decayed -state, and are not kept in good repair. After visiting this -establishment, I started by the diligence for Brussells, where I arrived -in time to see a splendid display of fireworks, which was exhibited -about ten o'clock; the town was likewise brilliantly illuminated in -celebration of the late revolution. It contains a number of fine -capacious streets, and well built houses. In the course of the present -year, 1835, it was stated that not less than thirty thousand strangers -had visited Brussells. - -Sept. 27th. Having a letter of introduction from His Excellency Lord G. -W. Russell to Sir George Hamilton, I waited on him this morning; and -afterwards proceeded to visit several of the churches; amongst which was -the celebrated Notre-Dame-de-la-Chapelle, which is a beautiful Gothic -structure. The marble altar, which is executed from the designs of -Rubens, is extremely beautiful, as is likewise the pulpit. St. Michael's -church is also a fine Gothic building. I visited this in the evening, -whilst they were engaged singing, and various clergymen were then -present. This ancient structure is richly ornamented with beautiful -pictures and painted glass windows. The oak pulpit attracts much -attention on account of the richness of its carving, which represents -the expulsion of Adam and Eve. - -I also visited the Duke d'Aremberg's town-house, which is much -celebrated for its library and Antiquities, and contains several fine -paintings in the various apartments, together with a collection of -Etruscan vases, and a head of Laocoon. Attached to this mansion his -grace has a very fine riding-house, where several paintings were -deposited. I next proceeded to see a representation of St. Petersburgh, -which was then exhibiting in Brussells, consisting of a model of the -various streets, squares, houses and gardens of that splendid city, -which appeared to attract many visitors. - -I proceeded in the afternoon to the Botanic Garden; but as it was wet I -was unable to find any one to accompany me through the grounds, owing to -the absence of the gardener; I therefore deferred going through them -until a better opportunity, when I paid them another visit. - -Sept. 28th. Started at six o'clock in the morning by diligence for -Waterloo, where we arrived at half-past eight; and having procured a -guide, I was conducted over this celebrated field of action, which is -now all under a fine system of agriculture. I proceeded to the noted -chateau at Hougoumont, which is enclosed by a brick wall, and still -exhibits the marks of bullets. About the centre of the field of battle -is a large mount, raised in commemoration of that eventful day; it -measures 1680 feet in circumference at the base, and is about 200 feet -high. On the top is placed the Belgic Lion, said to weigh 48,000 lbs. - -On my return through the little village of Waterloo, I visited the -church, which contains a large number of tombs, in memory of the British -officers who fell in the field of battle. - -I got back to Brussells about one o'clock, when I proceeded to the -palace of Lacken, and having a letter of introduction to the gardener, -from Mr. M'Intosh at Claremont, ready access was obtained to the gardens -and grounds attached to this royal residence. - -The palace stands on an eminence, commanding a fine view of Brussells -and the adjoining country, particularly towards the south. The Antwerp -road leading to Brussells is very conspicuous from several points of -view from the grounds. From the palace towards the south the pleasure -ground falls very considerably, and is much varied in surface, with -several very pretty vistas, intersected by numerous walks, leading to -different objects of interest. A large sheet of water, which appears in -view from the palace windows, as well as from several other points in -the grounds, forms a very pretty feature: over a part of this lake a -fine wooden bridge crosses to a small island, and at the other extremity -is a large grotto, formed by very large rough stones. Various -improvements are in constant progress in the pleasure-ground, the whole -of which is kept in very good order, a circumstance of rare occurrence -in Belgium. Two fine hothouses for plants have been erected during the -last two years, from plans furnished by Mr. M'Intosh, the gardener at -Claremont, who has also superintended the erection of several pine-pits, -and contemplates the addition of an extensive range of forcing-houses at -the King's palace of Lacken. From Mr. M'Intosh's well known abilities as -a scientific and practical gardener, the superintendance could not be -entrusted to a more suitable person. - -The houses lately erected there are very neatly finished, and well -adapted to their purpose, as well as the pine pits; the pine-apples -grown here by M. Forkhall, the gardener at Lacken, were superior to any -that I had previously met with on the continent. The young plants were -also clean and healthy, and the exotic plants were in a very flourishing -state, many of them in fine flower. There is likewise an extensive -orangery, with a fine collection of healthy trees, which are much -cultivated in Belgium, as well as in Germany. Near the orange-house were -several clumps of flowering plants, amongst them some fine varieties of -the dahlia. His Majesty's taste for plants and horticultural pursuits -has not abated since he came to the throne; consequently numerous good -plants are daily added to his collection. I observed a fine specimen of -the _K[oe]lreuteria paniculata_, in fine flower, the _Catalpa -syringifolia_ in great beauty, and several other fine growing hardy -species. - -Sept. 29th. Left Brussells, for baron de Hoogarts's, which is about nine -English miles from the town, and whose garden contains several -hothouses, in which are forced pines, grapes, and peaches. There are -likewise several low pits for the cultivation of the pine, vine and -peach. The pit used here for accelerating the peach, is nine feet wide, -and the back wall five feet above the ground level; the front wall is -only twenty one inches high, above the level of the ground, and consists -of brick piers, with wood boards betwixt them, which are taken out, when -the trees are removed or introduced into these pits, which operation is -generally performed annually. Towards the back, is a flue for giving -heat, which is applied as well as that from dung, for the forwarding of -the fruit. There is also here a good kitchen garden, with a high -circular wall, well stocked with good peach, apricot and pear-trees; -amongst the latter I observed the _Beurre dore_ very fine, _Glout -Morceau_, _Cuisse Madame_, also fine showy fruits and prolific bearers, -the _poire de melon_, _cale basse_ were likewise fine fruit, and -producing great crops. A fine collection of the standard pears, was also -growing in this garden. Adjoining to it is situated the orangery, which -stands on an eminence, and commands a pretty view of the grounds, and -sheet of water. There is likewise a good collection of Cape and other -plants from Botany Bay, and several clumps of rhododendrons throughout -the grounds in a flourishing state. The park is but of limited extent, -considerably varied. - -Adjoining to baron de Hoogart's, is the seat of count de Beaufforts, to -which Miss Hoogart had the goodness to send their gardener to accompany -me. At this place is an old castle, situated by the side of a lake which -was undergoing great alterations and additions. - -The grounds attached to this ancient castle, although of limited extent, -are much varied, and prettily planted, with different clumps of trees -and shrubs dispersed through them. In the kitchen garden is a very -handsome range of hothouses, about 120 feet in length, chiefly occupied -with plants; one of the divisions is allotted for the pine apple, and in -front of the range are also several pits, for pines, vines, and peaches. -The pits used for the forcing of the vine and peach have each a flue -that runs parallel to the back wall, and about eighteen inches from it. -The front of those for the vine and peach has no front wall, only piers -and boards fixed betwixt them, for the facility of removing and taking -in the trees, which are planted betwixt the piers, when the boards are -again placed in their former position over the stem of the trees, the -roots running in a border on the outside of the pit. - -On my return in the afternoon to Brussels, I visited the Museum, the -collection in which is well deserving of notice; there is a numerous -variety of insects, a large collection of birds and animals, as well as -minerals. - -The picture gallery is a fine apartment, situated in the same building, -and contains a large number of splendid paintings; a very magnificent -painting of the Belgic revolution, which nearly covered the entire end -of the gallery, was exhibiting, and seemed to attract a vast number of -visitors. In another wing of the building is a repository of the various -articles of Belgic manufacture, which was much crowded by spectators. I -should imagine from the appearance of the numerous articles of commerce -exhibited in these apartments that there can scarcely be a single -article of manufacture that is not to be met with in this repository of -commerce. - -Having a letter of introduction from Mr. M'Intosh to Mr. Bigwood, a -partner of Mr. Salter, the banker, in Brussells, I called on him in the -evening, when he very kindly accompanied me to several of the diligence -offices, and pointed out to me the best routes to take in order to save -time; I then engaged a place for Paris for the following Saturday--a -precaution found necessary, owing to the number of strangers then in -Brussells; some of whom it was understood had been detained for several -days in consequence of the diligences being so crowded. I also took a -place for Ghent, the next town I intended visiting, which is situated -about twenty-four miles from Brussells. - -Sept. 30th. Immediately on my arrival at Ghent I proceeded to the -nursery garden of M. Vangeert, which contains several hothouses, and a -good collection of plants; there are also in this nursery several pits -for the dwarf growing species; a good collection of _Camellias_ appeared -to be grown here, and also some _Cacteĉ_ and orchideous plants, with -some _Magnolias_ new to our English collections. The Ghent _Azaleas_ -have now become celebrated for the profusion of their flowers and -various colours; they were in great abundance in the nurseries here, -beset with flower buds. The _Magnolia conspicua_ and _Magnolia -norbertiana_ are fine specimens. The soil in the vicinity of Ghent -appears peculiarly adapted for the _Magnolia_, _Azalea_, and other -American plants. - -I next visited the nursery of M. Verleeuwen, which contains about two -English acres of ground, and from eight to ten different small -hothouses, with a fine collection of plants, that were all very well -grown. A choice collection of _Camellias_ is also cultivated here, as -well as _Azaleas_, _Rhododendrons_, and other hardy plants well worthy -of notice. - -I then proceeded to the Ghent Botanic Garden, but was unfortunate in not -finding M. Donkelar (the gardener) at home; this garden appeared to -contain only from two to three English acres of ground: it is too much -crowded with large trees and shrubs for so confined a space. There are -two hothouses devoted to the growth of tropical plants which were in a -very flourishing state, but deficient of the more showy and new species -of late introduction. The orangery is a large building, with Ionic -columns and dark roofs; the trees appeared very healthy. There are also -some low houses, or rather pits, in front of the principal range, which -were well stocked with pines and low growing plants. - -I next visited the nursery grounds of M. A. Verschaffelt, which are more -extensive than any of the other nurseries I had yet seen, and contain -about the best collection of plants in Ghent; he has some fine -_Magnolias_, amongst which I observed the _Magnolia triumphans_, -_Glauca_, _Arborea_, and _Gigantea_. His collection of _Camellias_ is -also very choice and deserving of notice, amongst which were the -_Camellia compacta-rubra_, _Alexandria_, and _Magnificum_; a plant of -this species he values at one hundred francs. There are also many other -choice sorts; and his collection of Cape and New-Holland plants is -likewise extensive: he is forming a collection of _Orchideĉ_, and has -erected a small house for their growth; he has likewise a good -collection of _Cacteĉ_, a choice assortment of the Ghent _Azaleas_, and -other hardy plants, that appear to flourish well in Belgium. - -The nursery I next visited was that of M. Verschaffelt, sen., which -appeared to be about an acre of ground, but it contained a good -assortment of _Rhododendrons_, also a large green-house with span-roof, -as well as several other small houses; a great stock of myrtles was -likewise cultivated in this establishment. I next proceeded to the -nursery of F. J. Spĉ-fils, which contains about two acres and a half, -with a range of hothouses one hundred and fifty feet long. I here -observed a large stock of seedling _Azaleas_ and _Kalmias_, also a -well-stocked wall of trained peach trees. The standard fruit trees are -also extensively cultivated, the situation being evidently well -calculated for the growth of the different plants in demand in that -country. After leaving this nursery I went to that of M. P. Byls, whose -ground contains several small hothouses, but little of novelty in them; -a few good hardy shrubs were, however, in the grounds. Attached to this -nursery is a piece of ground under vegetable cultivation, which is -extensively pursued in the neighbourhood of Ghent. I visited one or two -other nurseries of small extent, but met with nothing of much importance -in them, as they were more limited than either of those mentioned. - -The cathedral of Ghent is considered one of the most handsome Gothic -buildings in Belgium. The pulpit is a most beautiful specimen of -workmanship, and is composed of white marble and richly-carved oak; near -the great altar are magnificent antique candelabras, said formerly to -have belonged to Charles the First of England, and were suspended in the -old church of St. Paul's in London. Amongst the splendid paintings that -ornament this cathedral are Lazarus rising from the dead, by Otto -Vennius, St. John the Baptist, the Virgin Mary, and the Paschal Lamb. -Our Saviour is also represented on a throne holding a crystal sceptre. -There are likewise two marble statues that represent the Apostles St. -Paul and St. Peter, and numerous other beautiful paintings. - -I took my departure at ten o'clock for Antwerp, where we arrived at six -the following morning. - -Oct. 1. Immediately on my arrival I proceeded to the top of the Antwerp -steeple, or tower, which consists of six hundred and twenty two steps, -and is four hundred and sixty-six feet in height, from the top of which -a beautiful view of the town is seen, and a vast extent of fertile -country. The Island of Walcheren and some of the Dutch steeples were -pointed out to me in the distance. The citadel, which now appears to be -all covered with grass, is very plainly seen from the top of this -steeple, and the number of vessels in the Scheldt add life to the scene. -The cathedral is reckoned one of the finest Gothic buildings in Europe; -the interior is superb, and richly ornamented by the magnificent -paintings of Rubens. I observed numerous very splendid marble columns. -The altar is executed with marble, and ornamented with a representation -of the Assumption. There is also a splendid painting of the Disciples at -Emmaus, by Herreyns, portraits of Luther and Calvin, and numerous other -celebrated objects, which to attempt to particularize would require one -more intimately acquainted with the subject than I can pretend to be. -The painted windows are equally elegant. - -I next visited St. James's Church, which is a very splendid building, -and richly decorated with fine paintings and superb marble columns; the -altar is inlaid with black and white marble, and supported by handsome -twisted columns, and various groups of sculpture. The pulpit is most -elegantly sculptured, and the beautiful specimens of carved oak are -deserving of notice, as likewise is the splendour of the painted -windows. There is also a fine picture of the Last Supper, by Otto -Vennius, one of the Last Judgment, by Willemsen, the Tomb of Rubens, and -a painting by him, of our Saviour on his mother's knees, surrounded by a -number of figures, all of which are said to be portraits of the -painter's wives and family. After seeing these two magnificent churches, -I proceeded to the nursery garden of M. Vangeert, which is situated -about two English miles from the city; it contains a very good -collection of hardy perennial plants, as well as _Azaleas_ and other -American shrubs. The hothouses here are about one hundred and fifty feet -long, in several divisions, and a good-sized pit for the half-hardy -sorts. I here observed the best crop and finest bunches of hothouse -grapes that I had previously met with on the continent. I was much -indebted to M. Vangeert, jun., for his attention in accompanying me to -the various gardens that he considered to be most deserving of notice -in the neighbourhood of Antwerp. - -We proceeded to the Antwerp Botanic Garden, which is but of limited -extent, I think not above an acre of ground in it. There is a -green-house placed about the centre of the garden, but its occupants -appeared to be of rather distant introduction, and little amongst them -of novelty except a very fine specimen of the _Araucaria Braziliensis_, -which was growing in a tub, and then standing out of doors. - -There were likewise two or three other small houses for tropical plants, -which were in a very flourishing state, particularly those cultivated in -the stove. - -They have in this garden a tolerably good collection of the _Genus -Pinus_, amongst which is a dwarf sort, named there the _Pinus -monstrosa_, but it appears to be only a variety of the _Pinus cembra_. -It formed a very close bush, not exceeding two feet in height. - -The next garden we visited was that of the late M. Jean Veanhal, which, -during his time, was much celebrated for rare and good plants. Although -there was but a small piece of ground in this garden, yet it contained a -good collection, and several very good hothouses, in which were -cultivated pine-apples and other tropical plants, which were in a very -flourishing state, and the whole neatly kept. - -We next proceeded to M. Moen's nursery ground, which is also but of -limited extent, but contains a number of good _Magnolias_, _Azaleas_, -and other hardy plants, as well as many good greenhouse species. In this -nursery there is a fine collection of _Camellias_. M. Moen informed me -he had about two hundred seedling varieties and species. I saw here a -fine specimen of the _Camellia reticulata_, about five feet high; M. -Moen valued this plant at sixty guineas. There are some pretty good -greenhouses in this nursery, also a good collection of pears that were -in full bearing, and producing fine crops. - -We proceeded next to the seat of M. Caters De-wolfe, which is several -miles from Antwerp; the grounds attached to this residence are prettily -laid out, particularly a sheet of water, which is amongst the best I -have seen; it is formed so as to produce a picturesque effect from -several points of view. At a contracted part of it a wooden bridge is -constructed across, springing on both sides on elevated well-formed -artificial pieces of rockwork. In the pleasure ground are three very -pretty curvilinear iron-bar hothouses, erected by Baily, of London, and -devoted to the growth of exotic plants and pine-apples, which evidently -fully answered in that climate their intended purpose. Here is also a -good kitchen garden, with numerous low houses and pits for the growth of -the pine, vine and peach, as well as one devoted to orchideous plants, a -collection of which was just then forming. The pines and exotic plants -in this establishment were all in a very flourishing state, and the -gardens in pretty fair keeping. - -We next proceeded to the seat of Le Chevalier Parthon Divan, whom I -found devotedly attached to horticultural pursuits. The grounds attached -to his château are very prettily formed, and are situated about four -English miles from Antwerp. This gentleman pointed out to me the -_Rhododendron ferrugineum_, with white flowers, which I believe is -hardly to be met with in any other collection. He has many good and rare -species of greenhouse plants. I saw from five to seven species of -_Scotia_, also a fine specimen of the _Scotia angustata_; a collection -of _Orchideĉ_ is also cultivated here; and he has lately introduced many -new and curious species of this tribe of plants, as well as some new -_Cacteĉ_. The variety of dahlias cultivated here was particularly fine; -a very complete arrangement of herbaceous plants growing along the face -of a bank in their natural arrangement forms also an interesting feature -in these grounds, the exterior of which is bounded by a plantation, in -which are formed various beech avenues. This gentleman disposes of his -duplicate plants to any one who will purchase them, but did not seem -inclined to make any exchanges. - -We next visited the gardens of Madame Smetz, which are situated about -four miles from the last place. These grounds are celebrated for their -extent of hot houses and other garden ornaments, which may justly -entitle them to be considered as presenting a greater variety of -picturesque objects than any garden in Belgium. There is a very good -greenhouse, with a pretty fair collection of plants in very neat order, -and a corresponding house for the growth of stove plants. I here -observed the _Pandanus odoratissimus_, fifteen feet high, with four -large branches diverging from it. A large orangery, that runs parallel -to the north ends of the stove and greenhouse, forms a centre betwixt -the two latter buildings, that appear like two projecting wings to the -orange-house; there are also several low houses and pits for pines, -vines, and peaches. The pines in these gardens were amongst the best -grown that I had previously met with on the continent. I observed a -plant with seven fruits on it all branching from the top of a single -stem. There were also some very fine dwarf cockscombs growing in a pit. - -The superb Chinese tower is more deserving of notice than anything of -the kind that I have yet seen, being of a considerable height, from -sixty to eighty feet I should imagine from its appearance, with a -handsome staircase leading to the top, from whence there is a fine -prospect of these extensive grounds, which are curiously laid out; in -this Chinese building a couple of handsomely fitted up rooms are -occasionally used for taking tea or coffee. - -There are numerous walks leading through various parts of the grounds to -secluded spots, where we come unexpectedly on groups of figures in -stone, such, for instance, as a group of boys at play, figures of old -men, and groups of sheep grazing in the grounds, which are very -naturally executed, and at a short distance formed a very good -deception; there are also numerous marble busts and pieces of sculpture. -A sheet of water, with rock-work and a wooden bridge, appear prominent -objects from the Chinese temple. Opposite to the south and north sides -of the mansion are curiously clipped box hedges, with pyramidal formed -bushes on their top; the intervening spaces being clipped into irregular -figures, presenting a curious appearance. A rock bridge, over the narrow -part of a sheet of water, is deserving of notice; but the wooden bridges -here and elsewhere in Belgium are made more for the intention of -permitting ships to pass under them, than for the ease of the visitors -in walking over them. I also observed several painted arbours and -recesses in different parts of the grounds, and one of the finest -specimens of the purple beech that I have ever seen, which is a truly -magnificent tree. The kitchen cropping, such as cabbages, asparagus, -&c., being carried close up to the house, is in very bad taste; these -vegetables all appearing in view from the principal windows do not -harmonize with the ornamented ground, which, in such an extensive piece, -might easily be cultivated in a much more appropriate spot. - -Oct. 2nd. Left Antwerp at six o'clock a.m., passing through a beautiful -fertile country, which abounds in vegetable and other green crops; we -arrived at Malines about eight o'clock; it contains about twenty -thousand inhabitants, and has some pretty churches, and an ancient -cathedral. The rail-road from Brussels to Malines had been completed for -some time, and was expected to be finished as far as Antwerp by the end -of another month, and to proceed from hence to Paris. At Malines I -quitted my tedious mode of conveyance for the rail road--a much more -pleasant and expeditious mode of travelling. We were about forty minutes -going by it the distance of twelve English miles; a heavy train of -carriages and a strong wind right ahead, prevented our accomplishing the -distance in the usual time, which was said in general to occupy the -space of from twenty to thirty minutes. - -On my arrival at Brussells I proceeded to the establishment of M. J. F. -Vandermaelen, which consists of an extensive collection of geographical -books, minerals, birds, insects, and plants, from various climates, -which this gentleman offers for mutual exchanges, with the view of -furthering the interests of science and natural history. - -The grounds attached to it are rather confined, but prettily varied, -with water, and rising and undulating ground. There are also -several very good hothouses, and a choice collection of plants. M. -Vandermaelen's catalogue enumerates nearly two hundred and forty -sorts of _Camellias_ and above four hundred and fifty sorts of -_Pelargoniums_. I here observed a specimen of the _Cactus senilis_, -about two feet in height; several other very fine and curious species -were likewise to be seen here. M. Vandermaelen has also sent out a -collector in search of _Cacteĉ_ and other orchideous plants. - -I next proceeded to the Brussells Botanic Garden, which contains the -most ornamental range of hothouses that I have seen, and some noble -specimens of palms. The _Caryota urens_ about forty-five feet high, its -girth at eighteen inches from the ground, four feet. The _Arenga -saccharifera_ and the _Carica Papaya_ both forty feet in height. The -_Elate sylvestris_ had also reached to the glass. The _Latania -borbonia_, about eighteen feet high, the fronds spreading in the like -proportion. The _Pandanus odoratissimus_, a fine specimen, and various -other species equally luxuriant. This magnificent range of plant houses -are all heated with steam, and the sash bars formed of wrought -iron;--the effect of it from the Boulevards is really grand. The -principal range being situated on a terrace, with several fountains and -broad flights of steps in front of it, has a very imposing appearance; -on a lower level in front of these houses and terrace, are two ranges -constructed with curvilinear iron bars, which are occupied by pine-apple -plants and other dwarf tropical species. Opposite to the hothouses are -the herbaceous grounds, which are laid out in a circular form, divided -in small divisions, for the Linnean arrangement of the hardy perennial -plants, each class forming a separate piece of ground radiating from the -centre. This garden consists of a fine irregular piece of ground, and is -much varied in its surface, having five different levels, and is placed -in a fine situation; but I regretted to see the ground occupied by a -quantity of common forest trees and shrubs, and but little of novelty or -good plants in it: the common sorts were grown principally for sale, and -for the support of the garden, which practice I understood was -extensively adopted in this establishment. The hothouse and greenhouse -species were ticketed with the price required for the different plants. - -I next called on Mr. Bigwood, who kindly procured me a sight of the -Prince of Orange's splendid residence, which is justly considered one of -the finest finished palaces in Europe, with most beautiful polished oak -floors, and the walls of several of the apartments inlaid with marble: -in one of the rooms that belonged to the princess is a table of Siberian -lapis lazuli, valued at fifty thousand pounds. The chairs, tables, -paintings, and other superb furniture in the interior of this palace, -with its magnificent staircase, are beyond my powers of description. - -The park at Brussells is situated in front of the king's palace, and is -said to contain about fourteen acres of ground, which are laid out as a -public promenade for the inhabitants, with several avenues, and various -groups of sculpture, which are considered of superior execution, -especially the statues of Alexander the Great, and Cleopatra, and the -groups of Diana, Apollo, Narcissus, and Venus. In the avenue fronting -the king's palace are statues of the twelve Roman emperors, and a -fountain, which throws the water from twelve to fifteen feet high. - -I proceeded next to Louvain. The entrance to Brussells from the Louvain -gate is very fine, and commands extensive views of the adjacent country, -as well as a part of the town. The small villas leading from this -entrance towards Louvain are handsomely ornamented with tastefully -planted gardens; the road, winding along through a fine agricultural -country, is more varied than in the Antwerp district; the soil -consisting of a deep red loam, produces abundantly red clover, rape, and -other green crops. - -October 3rd. The town of Louvain is situated on the river Dyle, which -runs through it. The grand appearance of the Stadt-huis, or now -police-office, is very imposing; the numerous carved figures and spires -that adorn the front are beautiful specimens of workmanship: in the -interior a large apartment is occupied as a picture gallery, in which -are deposited some very fine old paintings: the wainscot ceilings of -some of the rooms are also well worthy of notice. - -There are likewise several churches in this town, which are richly -ornamented with paintings and other costly decorations, such as marble -columns. - -The botanic garden adjoins the town, and contains from two to three -acres of ground; the space in front of the range of hot houses is -occupied with a collection of hardy perennial plants, and the exterior -of the garden planted by trees and shrubs. The range of plant houses -consists of a long dark-roofed green house, with a circular stove -projecting in front of it at each end, which has a very good effect; -these stoves are constructed with iron bars, and appeared to stand -remarkably well; in one of them was a very fine specimen of the _Latania -rubra_, which was in great luxuriance; the _Maxillaria Harrissonia_, was -quite covered with large flowers. The _Cactus Macrocanthus_, was here -four feet in circumference; several other species were also very fine; -in short, the whole collection were in a healthy and flourishing state. -I found M. Donkelar, the gardener, to be a very intelligent young man, -devotedly attached to his business. - -I next proceeded to see the collection of fruits and trees at professor -Van Mons, where I was shewn a large assortment of pears, which the -professor had raised from seed, also many sorts of apples, and several -good seedling grapes and peaches. The professor has long been -distinguished for his attachment to horticultural pursuits; but I -unfortunately did not find him at home; he has, however, forwarded to -me, since my return home, his "Arbres Fruitiers," which describes many -of the fruits cultivated in Belgium. I was much gratified by the fine -collection of pears in the fruit room, and the fine healthy trees in the -professor's gardens, which are well stocked with seedlings, as well as -others in a bearing state. - -I next proceeded to the duke d'Aremberg's, which is situated at a short -distance from Louvain, having a letter of introduction from Sir R. -Adair, to his highness, whom I found particularly attached to botany and -horticultural pursuits. The kitchen garden here is very extensive, and -large quantities of vegetables are cultivated; several pits for the -growth of the pine and peach were also in this establishment; but the -collection of choice pears pleased me more than any I had previously -seen, and certainly produced very fine fruit; the following sorts were -pointed out to me as the best deserving of cultivation, which were then -in the fruit room. - - Beurre Wirtemberg - Grande Bretagne - Sucre-Vert - Beurre rance - Beey vaet - Beurre bosque - Bergamotte de la Penticote - Beurre d'Hiver - Double d'Automne - Comperete - Kanneck - Passe Colmar - Bezyda Chaumontelle - Fondante De Charnusee - Colmar Jaminette - Beurre d'Angleterre - Bergamotte de paques - St. Germain - Roi de Louvain - Beurre d'Aremberg - Beurre de yelle - St. Bernard - -and many other sorts, and fine collections of apples which were also -extensively grown here. I also observed a very fine collection of -seedling dahlias, many of which were very choice flowers, and formed a -gay appearance in the kitchen garden borders in this season. His -highness pointed out to me a noble specimen of the _Platanus -accidentalis_, which measured, at four feet from the ground, thirteen -feet in circumference, and its branches spreading over a space of ground -twenty two yards in diameter; this was a beautiful grown tree, and -appeared in great luxuriance. - -The grounds attached to this ancient mansion are very extensive, and -have several fine straight avenue walks, leading in various directions, -one of which is formed by the purple beech planted on each side of the -walk for a considerable distance; but this being a very wet forenoon, I -was unable to see the grounds to advantage. They are a little varied as -we approach the house, and a small stream of water enlivened the -scenery: they appeared to me, however, of much less extent than his -highness's grounds and park at Enghien, where his splendid range of -plant-houses and extensive collection of plants are fixed and deposited. - -I left Louvain about four o'clock, and arrived in Brussells just in time -to get my luggage taken to the diligence office, from whence the -diligence started at half-past nine o'clock for Paris. - -Oct. 4th. Arrived at Valenciennes, a good sized town: here another -passport was furnished, and my former one taken from me, and retained by -the police until the evening I left Paris. The country between -Brussells and Valenciennes, as far as I could observe, appeared to be of -considerable sameness, but the ground was well cultivated, with good -crops of rape clover; the turnip was evidently a failure here, and in -other parts of the continent, as well as in England. - -We arrived at Cambray at two o'clock, a strong fortified town. The -country from Brussells hitherto appeared to be but very thinly planted, -and of little picturesque scenery: as we approached Paris there appeared -very few plantations or trees worthy of notice, and much less variety of -scenery than I passed through in the latter part of my tour through -Germany. - -Oct. 5th. Arrived at Paris at half-past ten o'clock, a.m. after a ride -of twenty-four hours. On my arrival I proceeded to the Gardens of the -Tuilleries, where there is a large collection of orange trees, and -several capacious gravel walks, or avenues, with numerous ornamental -groups of sculpture. A space of ground, running parallel to the palace, -about sixty yards wide, has been lately laid out with flower borders, -and is separated from the public promenade by a grass _ha-ha_, with a -slight wire fence on the top of it; in this inclosure are some very fine -orange trees, bronze figures, and ornamental sculpture, arranged along -the edges of the walks. - -A very fine walk leads from the palace towards a piece of water at the -entrance from the Place Louis XV., where there are various groups of -sculpture and terrace walks, which have a very imposing effect. The -walks and flower borders in the promenade were in very neat order, and -the triangular pieces of grass not so roughly kept as some I had -previously seen about the seats of royalty. The walk or road leading -from the Place Louis XV. to the magnificent arch now nearly completed on -the rising ground near to the Barrier Neuilly, has a fine effect, and -the prospect from this arch, which is much elevated above the town, is -very grand. - -Oct. 6th. This morning I proceeded to the seed establishment of Messrs. -Andrieux and Vilmorin, to whom I had a letter of introduction from Mr. -Lawson, of Edinburgh; these gentlemen very kindly furnished me with a -note of the various gardens and objects most worthy of notice. - -I then proceeded to the _Jardin des Plantes_, where I was much gratified -with numerous fine specimens from all quarters of the globe. Mr. W. -Douglas, a young man lately sent to this garden from Chatsworth by the -Duke of Devonshire, conducted me through the various departments. I was -much pleased with the elegant appearance of two very fine houses that -were then nearly completed, one of which was just receiving the plants. - -These houses are seventy-two feet long each by forty-two feet wide, and -about fifty feet high; the space where the tubes stand is sunk about six -feet under the floor or foot-path level, so that the whole of the tubs, -boxes, and pots may be concealed, and the plants have the appearance of -being planted out in the border. There is a very handsome marble cistern -about the centre of the house for supplying the plants with water. These -houses consist of a double span roof, are constructed with iron bars, -and heated by steam; the under-ground work is very judiciously arranged: -it appeared from the excavations that were here proceeding, that the -range of glass was to extend to the _Galerie d'Histoire Naturelle_. -There are numerous other hothouses on different elevations well stocked -with healthy plants, one of which is devoted to _Succulentĉ_, where I -observed several fine specimens of _Cacteĉ_. The curvilinear iron bar -appeared to be the favourite material used for the erection of -plant-houses in this establishment, which must evidently be the most -economical and substantial for large houses. I observed this bar used in -various parts of Belgium and Germany, where they apprehended no fear of -the breakage of glass by expansion or contraction, although the frost is -much more intense in those countries than in this. - -I here saw a very fine plant of the _Araucaria Cunninghamia_, which -appeared to be from nine to ten feet high, beautifully feathered from -the pot to the top. The _Araucariĉ excelsĉ_ were tall plants, but -evidently drawn up, and had been too much confined, as they were not -feathered equal to the specimens at Baron Rothschild's and at Prince de -Ligne's. The ground in this far-famed _Jardin des Plantes_ appeared to -be too contracted for the various purposes that it is devoted to. An -enclosed apartment is under a nursery of trees and shrubs, another for -hardy herbaceous plants, and one planted with a collection of the -various fruits, particularly of pears, in beds about four or five feet -wide, with four feet in width of paths between them; these beds were -covered with short dung, to prevent the roots of the trees from becoming -too dry. The fruit was, unfortunately, all gathered, so that I had not -the pleasure of seeing the various sorts that are here cultivated: -nearly adjoining to the fruit tree department is the zoological -establishment, with a very numerous collection of animals. The museum of -natural history is situated at the extremity of the new range of -hothouses; the collection of birds, minerals, quadrupeds, shells, &c. is -really astonishing: there are also numerous specimens of _Fungi_ -preserved in one of the departments. - -I next visited the nursery garden of M. Noisette, which is well stocked -with _Camellias_ and stove plants; the former had numerous seed vessels -perfecting on them. The small low hothouses are in a very dilapidated -condition, and the plants in a crowded state for want of more room; -although there is a great extent of glass, such as it is. The grounds -are likewise crowded with fir trees, which were evidently planted for -shelter and shade from the effects of the sun, but they give the ground -a cheerless and contracted appearance. - -I next proceeded to the vegetable garden of M. de Coufle, which is -considered amongst the best in the neighbourhood of Paris for culinary -forcing, but I saw but very little in it at this season of the year at -all worthy of a visit. - -At a short distance from the latter is the garden of Prince D'Esling; -the neatness of this little spot, which was very gay with dahlias and -other autumnal flowers, was very pleasing. There is also cultivated here -a very extensive collection of pine-apples evidently for sale, as at -this season of the year, there must have been nearly two hundred fruit, -and some thousands of young plants, which for health and well-swelled -fruit were but little inferior to any in England. The largest fruit was -grown in a low span-roofed house, and planted out into the beds into a -mixture of sandy peat; the house was six feet six inches high, with a -foot path in the centre, and the beds for plants along each side. The -succession pines are grown in wooden frames with dung linings around -them, and were in great vigour of health. The _Providence_ and -_Montsserats_ were extensively cultivated. A very complete stove for -exotic plants is also here. The _Aristolochia Braziliensis_ was -beautifully in flower, and the other plants in a very healthy state. - -I next visited the Pantheon, a noble edifice, with magnificent -architectural columns, and cornice: it is reckoned one of the finest -erections in Paris. - -Oct. 7th. Went at six o'clock this morning to see the fruit and -vegetable market: the display of pears, grapes, and wallnuts was very -fine, there were also a number of peaches, but these were rather of an -inferior size to those grown on the open walls in England. The fruit -market was really so crowded with baskets of pears and women that it was -with much difficulty that I could pass through it: there was an abundant -display of vegetables. Cardoons were now brought to market, and a few -bunches of small asparagus; celery appeared in great abundance and of -good quality; various baskets of the Alpine strawberry and a few pretty -good looking melons were also to be had. - -I started at eight o'clock for Versailles, passing through a beautiful -part of the country, well planted with numerous handsomely erected -villas, and the road winding along for a considerable distance by the -river Seine. - -On my arrival I proceeded to the gardens, where I was quite astonished -at the extent of these magnificent grounds; there were numerous groups -of sculpture and bronze, and fountains ornamented with various figures, -such as sea monsters, dolphins, &c. which spout the water into the -basons, the effect of which, when the water-works are playing, must be -grand in the extreme. - -The various terraces, parterres, and avenues, the latter leading in -every direction, with their beautiful groups of sculpture, are very -grand. - -Under the south terrace is situated the orangery, and from the terrace -walk we look down upon at least several hundred magnificent trees, which -for number and vigour of health, were undoubtedly surpassed by none that -I had previously met with on the continent; I am, however, inclined to -think that there were some at Sans-souci fully as large. - -The orange-houses are all formed under the south terrace, and appear -like arched cellars, with only glass windows in front; I could perceive -no means of applying artificial heat, but the windows were furnished -with shutters, which appeared to be the only protection they had against -frost; they were busy at this time removing trees to their winter -quarters. - -From the orangery I proceeded through various other parts of the -grounds, and also to the _Grand Trianon_, which is situated about two -English miles from the palace of Versailles; the grounds attached to it -are laid out according to the English style of gardening, with fine -pieces of water, rock-work, temples, and rustic erections. They contain -a fine assortment of hardy trees and shrubs, planted on the grass, which -gave it the appearance of an arboretum, but there seemed to be no -regular arrangement of the plants. There is a green-house attached to -these grounds, and a good show of autumnal flowers in front of it, such -as dahlias and other annuals. The gardener was not at home. On my return -from the garden I took another route through the grounds attached to -Versailles; but to attempt to describe them would have required much -longer time than my cursory visit would permit, or to enumerate the -different objects of interest and magnificence that are dispersed -throughout them. I then visited the kitchen garden department, which -consists of an extensive piece of ground, subdivided into numerous -divisions by walls, on which are trained vines and peaches; the -Fontainbleau grape appeared to ripen and swell its fruit remarkably -well, and was very abundant in its production; it seemed to be more -generally cultivated than any other sort; in front of the vine-wall it -is also grown to a trellising, and produced very fine fruit considering -its being grown out of doors. In one of the compartments devoted to the -peach trees I observed the Royale peach extending over a space of wall -forty-two feet long, and from eighteen to twenty feet high; it was in -excellent health, and regularly furnished with fine bearing shoots. In -another compartment is a collection of standard pear trees. - -The forcing ground contains numerous low houses and pits for the growth -of the pine, vine, and peach. The pine-apple in this establishment was -remarkably well grown and fine fruit, and little if any inferior to -those that I have seen. The fruiting plants were also planted out into -beds in light sandy peat soil, which evidently suited them well. The -succession pines at this time were undergoing a shifting and -disrooting,--a practice not generally adopted at this season in England. - -Vegetables are extensively cultivated in the gardens, and a good -collection of the hardy fruits, which were all gathered by this time, -consequently I had not the pleasure of seeing the quality or produce -from the different trees. - -On my return to Paris I visited the Luxemburg Gardens, which contain -some fine old orange trees and _Nerium oleanders_, arranged on the side -of the walks; the grass-plats are surrounded by flowerbeds and various -avenues of horse chesnuts, ornamented by sculpture, which lead in -different directions, forming a pleasant promenade. - -Oct. 8th. This morning I proceeded to M. Boursalt's, who was then -residing out of town; his collection of plants was formerly very -celebrated, but he has lately disposed of the greater part of them, and -an extensive range of plant houses: there being now only two small -flower houses left, which contained some fine specimens of _Camellias_, -and some beautiful marble statues. The Noisette and Chinese roses were -in great beauty, as well as some fine _Magnolias_. This spot of ground, -although apparently not above two acres in extent, is prettily varied -with rock-work, water, and artificial banks. - -From hence I visited the Burying-ground at Montmartre, which is thickly -planted with trees and shrubs. I then proceeded to the Louvre, where I -was much gratified by the magnificence of the gallery of paintings, as -well as the incomparable marbles. - -I next visited the cemetry of Père la Chaise, which is an extensive -piece of ground, with numerous walks leading through it, and the -different tombs enclosed by the upright cyprus, thujas, and other -shrubs. On my arrival a funeral service was performing in a small -chapel, situated about the centre of the ground, and which was then lit -up by candles. After taking a cursory view of this cemetry I made the -best of my way to Montreuil, to see the celebrated peach-tree gardens; -on my approach to it, I was surprised at the extent of white walls in -this part of the country, which were all chiefly covered with peach -trees and grape vines. After ascertaining that the most celebrated -garden at Montreuil belonged to the Préfet, and was situated at the top -of the hill, I made the best of my way to this spot; I found the owner a -good practical gardener. He took great pains in pointing out to me his -method of pruning and training his peach trees: the English gardener, -however, has nothing to learn in France in the management of the peach -tree; in fact, we can hardly enter into a garden in England that we -cannot find trees more tastefully trained, and fully as well furnished -from the bottom of the wall to the extremity of the tree, as any that I -met with in the neighbourhood of Paris. The peaches on the walls in -this country are much larger than any in France or Belgium, although the -soil and climate in these countries are more congenial to the growth of -this tree, and maturity of its fruit, than our more northern atmosphere. - -The roots of the peach tree and vines were all covered this season with -half rotten dung, for the space of from three to four feet from the -wall, which kept the roots in a moist state; the walls generally -averaged from eight to nine feet in height, and were well sheltered by -the number of cross walls that were in the different gardens. I visited -one or two other gardens in the vicinity of the Préfet's, but they -appeared very similar to the one already described. - -On my return from Montreuil I made a cursory visit to two small -nurseries, which attracted my attention by the quantity of large orange -trees exhibited for sale, and were to be sold at a very trifling sum in -comparison to what they cost in England. - -I also made a hasty visit through Messrs. Vilmorin and Andreux' seed -ground, where there was a large stock of annuals growing for seed, and a -good collection of hardy perennial plants. - -Oct. 9th. Started for the Vitry nurseries, which are about six miles -from Paris; the extent of nursery ground under fruit-tree cultivation in -this part of the country extends nearly five miles in length, and the -number of nurseries amount to about two hundred. The Paris markets are -principally supplied from this part of the country. M. Chatenay is -considered the most extensive grower in that line, and has certainly a -fine collection of peach trees and other hardy fruits, which were in a -very healthy moveable condition, as also numerous fine standard rose -trees, these being out of flower I was unable to judge of their merits. -The prices of the fruit trees were very little less than in the London -nurseries for similar sized trees. I observed but little new in -ornamental trees or shrubs, these nurseries being chiefly devoted to the -culture of fruit trees, the soil being peculiarly adapted thereto, being -a rich reddish loam, yet it was in some cases undergoing a strong manure -and fallow. A portion of what was previously occupied by nursery stock -was under the plough. M. Chatenay informed me that they found great -difficulty in procuring a suitable soil for their different fruit trees. -I did not observe any hothouses about Vitry for tender plants. The -nursery grounds extend as far as Choisey, over a large tract of -beautiful ground. I saw large crops of grapes which were used in making -the wine, which is produced in considerable quantities at Vitry. - -On my return from these nurseries I proceeded to the nursery -establishment of M. Cels, which contains a fine collection of stove and -greenhouse plants, as well as many rare and hardy species; in short the -collection here is more choice than extensive, and the plants were very -well grown. There are several hothouses and low pits well stocked with -good plants, and a range of new houses then building. This nursery is -considered to contain the best collection of plants about Paris; the -extent of ground is but limited, and not very well kept. - -I next desired my guide to conduct me to the flower market, when, after -a considerable walk, I found myself in the flour market, which was well -stocked with sacks of flour and grain. I was, however, much pleased with -the fine circular building, with lofty dome, and the quantity of grain -it contained. I then proceeded to the real flower market, which was held -this afternoon at the Magdalen, a most magnificent building. The -quantity of flowers fell far short of my expectation: the Neapolitan -violet and the more common sorts of autumnal flowers were the principal -stock exposed for sale this day. - -Left Paris at seven o'clock in the evening for Rouen, where I arrived on -the morning of the 10th, about ten o'clock. I immediately proceeded to -the nursery garden of Mr. Calvert, where I found an extensive range of -hothouses rapidly falling into a state of dilapidation for want of paint -and other repairs. The nursery ground was also principally in a waste -state, except a part in which dahlias were cultivated, and which were -certainly very fine, containing both the French and English collections. -Mr. Calvert's son informed me that his father was then clearing the -ground of the stock with the intention of removing it to England, where -he intended commencing the nursery business. - -I was also informed that the Rouen Botanic Garden was contemplated to be -formed on the site of this nursery, which is unquestionably a fine -situation for it. - -I then visited the nursery of M. Vallet, which contains a large quantity -of very fine orange trees, that he was very anxious to dispose of at £10 -per tree. There is likewise a good collection of greenhouse plants and -hardy shrubs, as well as standard roses; the latter M. Vallet frequently -brings to England to be disposed of in the London markets. - -I next proceeded to the Botanic Garden, which appeared to contain about -an English acre of ground, with two or three old hothouses for plants, -with but a limited stock in them. There appeared to be a pretty good -collection of hardy perennials and annuals, but few shrubs, or -ornamental trees. - -I then made the best of my way to M. Prevost's nursery, which is -undoubtedly the most extensive and contains the best collection of -plants about Rouen. The quantity of standard roses cultivated in this -nursery is immense; a priced catalogue of them has been lately printed, -the prices specified in it are very moderate. The blood peach was here -with plenty of fruit on it, but it evidently will not get soft or fit -for use in the open air. I also observed several other ornamental trees -in this establishment; it was likewise well stocked with a large -assortment of fruit trees. - -The scenery about Rouen is very beautiful and picturesque, and is varied -by some large white chalk hills: the river, with numerous small vessels, -tends greatly to enliven the scene. - -Oct. 11th. Went to see the ancient cathedral, said to have been -commenced by William the Conqueror. I was much pleased with its fine -Gothic appearance, as well as with the paintings, stained glass, and -other ornaments. There is another church in this town, called St. Ouen, -deserving of the stranger's notice, which appeared to me but little -inferior to the cathedral. The _Palais de Justice_ is also a curious old -building. - -Left Rouen at eleven o'clock for Dieppe, where we arrived at five in the -evening, passing through a fine varied country, richly clothed with -fruit trees and agricultural produce, which appeared to be in a very -flourishing state. - -Oct. 12th. Being confined all this day at Dieppe by contrary winds I -made an excursion round the vicinity of the town, which is very -picturesque and considerably varied, I also visited the nursery garden -of M. Racine, which contained a very fine collection of dahlias, -standard roses, a fine assortment of pears, and other hardy plants; and -a small greenhouse, in which a few good _Cacteĉ_, and other showy -plants, were cultivated and in good order. - -The cathedral in Dieppe is an ancient building, and worth the notice of -the stranger. - -Oct. 13th. Left Dieppe at two o'clock in the morning for Brighton, when -we experienced a pretty tossing for the space of twenty-five hours, in -consequence of contrary winds. The passage is generally performed in ten -or eleven hours when the weather is favourable. - -Oct. 14th. We arrived about three o'clock this morning at Shoreham, a -small port, about three miles from Brighton: as soon as day dawned I -made an excursion through the town, and got my luggage ready by ten -o'clock, when I started for London, where I arrived at five in the -afternoon. - -Upon the whole, in regard to the general state of Horticulture in the -countries which I visited, the following conclusion must be drawn: The -plants in the hothouses are in most of the establishments kept in -excellent order and in a healthy state; the _Succulentĉ_ also appeared -to be much more extensively cultivated than they have hitherto been in -England; But the general order and neatness of the grounds (with only a -very few exceptions) were but little attended to. Nor did they appear to -me to well understand the forcing of fruits, except in one or two places -in France; neither did I perceive that nicety in the training of fruit -trees that is thought indispensable in this country. Vegetables are, -however, in large establishments, more extensively grown; but there -certainly did not appear to be such a general spirit for horticultural -improvement as is now prevailing in this country. At no period was -gardening and the collecting of plants ever pursued with greater spirit -in England than at this moment; insomuch, that we can scarcely visit a -nobleman or gentleman's gardens without observing very extensive -improvements and alterations proceeding in every direction. And this we -cannot but regard as an indication of application and attachment to -rural improvements highly honourable to our nobility and gentry, as -superseding many of those pursuits that used to prevail to a great -extent with gentlemen residing in the country, which had but little -tendency to the improvement of their grounds or estates. - - - - -APPENDIX. - - -The Cacteĉ have not hitherto obtained in this country that attention -which is paid to them on the continent, where certainly a greater number -of fine specimens are to be found of this interesting genus than is to -be seen in our collections. - -Mr. Hitchen of Norwich devoted much attention to their cultivation, and -certainly had formed the best collection at that time in England. Being -under the necessity of breaking up his establishment, he disposed of his -Cacteĉ and other succulent plants to Mr. Mackie, Nurseryman, of Norwich, -from whom the Duke of Bedford purchased a considerable number in the -spring of 1834. Since that period His Grace's collection has been -increased by the liberality of several continental collectors during my -tour; and I feel it but justice more particularly to mention M. Otto, of -Berlin, who contributed many valuable species, and M. Lehmann, of -Dresden, from whom I have also received about two hundred. M. Seitz of -Munich, M. Bosch of Stuttgard, Mr. Booth, of Flottbeck Nursery, -Hamburgh, and Professor Lehmann, as well as the Curators of the -Edinburgh, Glasgow, and Dublin College Botanic Gardens, have added -greatly to the collection; and with some recent acquisitions from Mr. -Tweedie, of Buenos Ayres, obtained through the intervention of Lord -Edward Russell, have now rendered this collection superior to any one -existing in this country, and little inferior to any on the continent. - -The cultivation of the Cacteĉ possesses considerable advantage over most -of the hothouse plants, requiring little room, a matter in general of -considerable importance where space is necessarily limited. They will -also flourish and flower in a lower temperature than most other hothouse -plants: most of the species will not require to be kept in a higher -degree of heat than from 45° to 50°; some of the South American species, -however, succeed best in a higher temperature. They should be kept -rather in a dry state, and water used but sparingly, as these plants are -very impatient of wet. The houses most suitable for the cultivation of -this singular tribe should be so glazed as to effectually exclude the -intrusion of water. In the extensive range of plant-houses now erecting -at Woburn Abbey, one is intended to be exclusively devoted to the -cultivation of Cacteĉ. The soil most suitable for their growth is a -mixture of sandy-peat, leaf-mould and lime rubbish, well incorporated -together. - -The annexed List enumerates the different species now in cultivation at -Woburn Abbey. - - - - - ICOSANDRIA MONOGYNIA. - - - CACTEĈ, DC. - - -_MAMMILLA'RIA. MAMMILLA'RIA._ Cal. superior, coloured, 5-8-lobed. Cor. -of 5-8 petals, united in a short tube. Stam-filiform. Style -thread-shaped. Stigma 4-7 cleft. Berry smooth, seeds small and numerous. -The flowers are produced from the _axillĉ_, or base, of the _mammillĉ_, -or teats, and the seed vessels appearing the following year. - - -I. FLAVISPINĈ. - - _Systematic English Form of - Name. Name. Stems, &c._ - ------------------+-----------------+---------------- - lanífera, DC. wool-bearing stem-glob. - *divarícata divaricated stm. cyl. forked - Andréĉ Ott. Andrea's stm. cyl.-obov. - cuneiflóra Hitch. wedge-fld. stm. subcyl. - grándis Hitch. handsome stm. sub-glob - flavéscens Hitch. yellow stm. obov-cyl. - stramínea Haw. straw col. stm-subcyl. - _flavescens_ DC. - chrysacántha Ott. gold-spined stm. sub-glob - cylíndrica Hitch. cylindrical stm. obov-cyl. - subcrócea DC. yellowish stm. sub-cyl. - neglécta neglected stm. glob. - rhodántha Ott. rose-fld. stm. sub-cyl - _atrata_ Hort. - nívea Wend. white stm. sub-glob. - nivòsa snowy stm. sub-glob. - *pulchérrima handsome stm. sub-cyl. - dichótoma forked stm. cyl. - *lutéscens yellowish stm. sub-glob. - eriacántha Ott. wool.-spin. stm. cyl. - púlchra B. R. showy stm. obl.-cyl. - - _Systematic No. and Colour of Col. of Native Year of - Name. Spines. Flower. Country. Introduc._ - ------------------+-------------------+-------+--------+---------- - lanífera, DC. spines 10-12. ye. _re._ Mexico 1823 D.S.S. - rigid. - *divarícata sp. ext. wh. _pk._ ...... .... D.S.S. - centr. ye. - Andréĉ Ott. sp. ext. wh. centr. .. ...... 1835 D.S.S. - 6 ye. - cuneiflóra Hitch. sp. ext. wh. centr. .. ...... .... D.S.S. - 6 ye. - grándis Hitch. sp. ext. wh. cent. .. ...... .... D.S.S. - 6 ye. - flavéscens sp. ext. wh. cent. .. ...... .... D.S.S. - 6 ye. apex re. - stramínea Haw. sp. ext. wh. cent. _ye._ S. Am. 1811 D.S.S. - 6-7 wh. - _flavescens_ DC. - chrysacántha Ott. sp. ext. wh. cent .. ------ 1827 D.S.S. - 6-7 ye. ap. re. - cylíndrica Hitch. sp. ext. wh. cent. .. ...... .... D.S.S. - 6 ye. - subcrócea DC. sp. ext. wh. cent. .. ...... 1836 D.S.S. - 9 li-ye. - neglécta sp. ext. wh. cent. .. ...... 1835 D.S.S. - 6-7 ye. - rhodántha Ott. sp. ext. wh. cent. .. ...... 1836 D.S.S. - 6-7 ap. re. - _atrata_ Hort. - nívea Wend. sp. ext. wh. cent. .. ...... 1834 D.S.S. - 4-6 ye. - nivòsa sp. ext. wh. cent. .. ...... 1835 D.S.S. - 6 li-ye. - *pulchérrima sp. ext. wh. cent. _re._ ...... .... D.S.S. - 6 ye. ap. - dichótoma sp. ext. wh. cent _pk._ ...... .... D.S.S. - 4 ye. - *lutéscens sp. ext. wh. cent. .. ...... .... D.S.S. - 6 ye. - eriacántha Ott. sp. ext wh. cent. .. ...... .... D.S.S. - ye. - púlchra B. R. sp. ext. wh. centr. _ro._ ...... .... D.S.S. - 4 ye. - - -II. FULVISPINĈ. - - _Systematic English Form of - Name. Name. Stems, &c._ - ------------------+-----------------+-------------- - fuscáta Ott. brown stm. sub-glob. - corioídes Bosch. leather-like stm. glob. - coronáta DC. crowned stm. cyl. - pyramidális Ott. pyramidal stm. oblg. - - _Systematic No. and Colour of Col. of Native Year of - Name. Spines. Flower. Country. Introduc._ - -----------------+------------------+-------+--------+---------- - fuscáta Ott. sp. ext. ye. .. S. Am. 1835 D.S.S. - cent. 4 br. - corioídes Bosch. sp. ext. wh. .. ...... ---- D.S.S. - cent. 6 br. ye. - coronáta DC. sp. ext. wh. cent. _sc._ Mexico 1828 D.S.S. - 4 li. br. - pyramidális Ott. sp. ext. wh. cent. .. ---- 1835 D.S.S. - 4-5. ye. br. - - -III. RUFISPINĈ. - - _Systematic English Form of - Name. Name. Stems, &c._ - ------------------+-----------------+--------------------------- - parvimámma Haw. small teated stm. sub-glob - símplex Haw. simple stm. sub-glob. - tentaculáta stinging stm. glob. - - _Systematic No. and Colour of Col. of Native Year of - Name. Spines. Flower. Country. Introduc._ - ----------------+-------------------+-------+--------+---------- - parvimámma Haw. mam. obt. sp. .. S. Am. 1817 D.S.S. - 10-12. dk. - símplex Haw. sp. ext. wh. re. .. Missouri 1688 D.S.S. - cent. 4 re-bk. - tentaculáta sp. ext. wh. _sc._ ...... 1836 D.S.S. - cent. br. re. - - -IV. ARACHNOIDEĈ. - - _Systematic English Form of - Name. Name. Stems, &c._ - --------------------+-----------------+-------------- - acanthophlégma Lehm. lance-sp. stm. glob. - bícolor Lehm. two-col. stm. sub-glob. - díscolor Haw. discoloured stm. glob. - vétula Mart. oldish stm. obov. - supertéxta Mart. cobweb stm. glob. - intertéxta interwoven stm. glob. - geminispína Haw. two-spined stm. cyl. - pusílla DC. dwarf stm. subrot. - _stelláris_ Haw. - - _Systematic No. and Colour of Col. of Native Year of - Name. Spines. Flower. Country. Introduc._ - --------------------+------------------+--------+--------+---------- - acanthophlégma Lehm. sp. ext. wh. cent. .. ...... 1835 D.S.S. - 4 apex. re. - bícolor Lehm. sp. ext. wh. cent. .. ...... ---- D.S.S. - 2 li. br. - díscolor Haw. sp. ext. wh. cent. .. S. Am. 1820 D.S.S. - 6-8 bk. br. - vétula Mart. sp. ext. wh. cent. _li. sc._ ...... 1835 D.S.S. - 2-4 y. br. - supertéxta Mart. sp. ext. wh. cent. .. ...... 1836 D.S.S. - 2-3 y. br. - intertéxta sp. ext. wh. cent. .. ...... ---- D.S.S. - 1-2 wh. - geminispína Haw. sp. ext. wh. cent. _re_ Mexico ---- D.S.S. - 2. elon. - pusílla DC. sp. ext. wh. cent. .. S. Am. 1820 D.S.S. - wh. ye. - _stelláris_ Haw. - - -V. PAUCISPINĈ. - - _Systematic English Form of - Name. Name. Stems, &c._ - -----------------------+-----------------+------------------ - anguláris Otto. angular. stm. glob.-ob. - polyédra Mart. many-based stm. glob. - magnimámma Haw. la. teated stm. cyl. glau. - Zuccariniana Mart. Zuccarini's stm. glob. - Karwinskii Zucc. Karwinsk's stm. glob. glau. - subpolyédra Salm. sub many-ba. stm. sub. cyl. - cirrhífera Mart. tend.-bear. stm. glob. - ...._spinis fuscís_ _br.-spined_ stm. glob. - quadrispína Mart. four-spined stm. sub. cyl. - Seitziana Mart. Seitz's stm. obov. - columnáris Mart. col.-shaped stm. sub-cyl. - pycnacántha Mart. close-spined stm. cyl. - loricáta Mart. harnessed stm. cyl. - polythéle Mart. many-teat. stm. glob. - cárnea Zucc. flesh-col. stm. cyl. - longimámma DC. long-teated stm. cyl. glau. - macrothéle Mart. large-teat. stm. cyl. t. elo. - Lehmanni Ott. Lehm. teats. ovat elong. - sphaceláta Mart. finger-sh. stm. cyl. - - _Systematic No. and Colour of Col. of Native Year of - Name. Spines. Flower. Country. Introduc._ - ---------------------+------------------+---------+--------+---------- - anguláris Otto. sp. 4-5. cent. .. ...... 1835 D.S.S. - 1 el. re-ap. bk. - polyédra Mart. sp. 6-8 wh. .. ...... 1836 D.S.S. - apex re. - magnimámma Haw. sp. 3-5 wh. .. ...... 1823 D.S.S. - apex bk. - Zuccariniana Mart. sp. 2-elong br. .. ...... 1835 D.S.S. - ye. jun. wh. pu. - Karwinskii Zucc. sp. 6. wh. .. ...... 1836 D.S.S. - ap. bk. - subpolyédra Salm. sp. 4. br. bk. _li. sc. gr._ ...... ---- D.S.S. - cirrhífera Mart. sp. 3-5 wh. .. ...... 1835 D.S.S. - apex re. bk. - ...._spinis fuscís_ sp. 3-5. .. ...... ---- D.S.S. - ye. br. - quadrispína Mart. sp. 4. dk. br. _sc._ ...... ---- D.S.S. - apex bk. - Seitziana Mart. sp. 6. wh. pk. .. ...... ---- D.S.S. - apex re. - columnáris Mart. sp. 6. li. br. .. ...... ---- D.S.S. - pycnacántha Mart. sp. 6. ye. .. ...... ---- D.S.S. - apex bk. - loricáta Mart. sp. 4-6 ye. br. .. ...... ---- D.S.S. - polythéle Mart. sp. 6-7 ye. br. .. ...... ---- D.S.S. - cárnea Zucc. sp. 7-8 ye. _car._ ...... ---- D.S.S. - apex pk. - longimámma DC. sp. ext. 6-7. .. ...... ---- D.S.S. - cent. 1. elong - macrothéle Mart. sp. 6. wh. y. .. ...... 1836 D.S.S. - apex br. - Lehmanni Ott. sp. wh. apex bk. .. ...... ---- D.S.S. - sphaceláta Mart. sp. 10-12 wh. .. ...... ---- D.S.S. - apex red - - -VI. STELLISPINĈ. - - _Systematic English Form of - Name. Name. Stems, &c._ - ------------------+-----------------+----------- - cĉspitósa Salm. tufted stm. cyl. - _densa_ Ott. - stella-auráta M. gold-star stm. cyl. - ténuis slender stm. cyl. - elongáta DC. elongated stm. cyl. - - _Systematic No. and Colour of Col. of Native Year of - Name. Spines. Flower. Country. Introduc._ - ----------------+-------------------+-------+--------+---------- - cĉspitósa Salm. sp. den. ye. _ye._ S. Am. 1827 D.S.S. - cent. 2 elong - _densa_ Ott. - stella-auráta M. sp. stel. ye. _ye._ ...... 1835 D.S.S. - ap. br. cent. o. - ténuis sp. li. re. cent. _ye._ ...... ---- D.S.S. - 1. elong. br. - elongáta DC. sp. stellate .. ...... .... D.S.S. - ye. apex li. br. - - -VII. GLOCHIDATĈ. - - _Systematic English Form of - Name. Name. Stems, &c._ - ------------------+-----------------+------------ - criníta DC. hairy teats ovat. elong - _ancistroides_ Lehm. _glochidata_ Mart. - _rubra_ _red-fld._ ...... - Wildiána Ott. Wild's teats cyl. - - _Systematic No. and Colour of Col. of Native Year of - Name. Spines. Flower. Country. Introduc._ - -----------------+------------------+---------+--------+---------- - criníta DC. sp. centr. 3 ye. _wh. ye._ ...... .... D.S.S. - br. hooked - _ancistroides_ - _rubra_ .. .. .. .. _re._ ...... .... D.S.S. - Wildiána Ott. sp. 3 ye. br. .. ...... .... D.S.S. - apex br. - - -MELOCA'CTUS. MELOCA'CTUS. Cal. superior, 6-cleft, coloured. Cor. of 6 -petals, inserted in calyx. Stamens numerous. Style 1; stigma 5-cleft. -Berry of 1 cell. Seed small angular. Flowers expanding amongst the -tomentum on the apex of the plant. - - _Systematic English Form of - Name. Name. Stems, &c._ - ------------------+-----------------+------------- - amóenus Hffsg. pleasant ribs 10-12. - commùnis Ott. common ribs-erect 12. - _viridis_ Ott. _green_ ...... - Grengélii Grengel's ribs 10-12. - meonacánthus Lk. sm.-spined ribs 15-acute - macracánthus Salm large-sp. ribs 12-14. - pyramidális Ott. pyramidal ribs 14-17. - _spinis rubris_ _red-spined_ .... - Salmiánus Lk. Ott. Salm's ribs 15. - *octogónus eight-ang. ribs 8. remote - *excavátus hol.-crown. 13-ang. - - _Systematic No. and Colour of Col. of Native Year of - Name. Spines. Flower. Country. Introduc._ - ------------------+------------------+---------+--------+----------- - amóenus Hffsg. sp.8 recurv. _li. sc._ ...... 1835 D.S.S. - dk. br. - commùnis Ott. sp. 12-ye. _re._ W. Indies. 1688 D.S.S. - br. - _viridis_ Ott. .. .. .. .. .. ...... 1836 D.S.S. - Grengélii sp. 8-10 ye. .. S. Th. Is. ---- D.S.S. - meonacánthus Lk. sp. 9-ye. br. .. Jamaica 1835 D.S.S. - macracánthus Salm sp. 9-ye. apex .. S. Domingo 1820 D.S.S. - br. - pyramidális Ott. sp. 11. elong .. Curaçao 1824 D.S.S. - br. re. - _spinis rubris_ .. .. .. .. .. ...... .... D.S.S. - Salmiánus Lk. Ott. sp. ext. 10. c. .. ...... 1835 D.S.S. - 3. elon. y. re - *octogónus sp. 8-10 br. ye. .. Mexico 1834 D.S.S. - *excavátus sp. ext.7-8 .. ------ ---- D.S.S. - cent. 1. re. ye. - - -_ECHINOCA'CTUS. ECHINOCA'CTUS_. Invol. tubular imbricated. Cal. superior, -inserted in the involuc. Cor. of many petals. Stam. numerous. Style 1; -stigma many parted. Flowers bursting from the apexes of the ribs, behind -the fascicules of spines. - - -GLOBOSI. - - -I. TENUISPINI. - - _Systematic English Form of - Name. Name. Stems, &c._ - ------------------+-----------------+------------ - Ottónis Lk. Otto's ribs 10-12. - tenuispínus Ott. slender.-sp. ribs 11. - Línkii Lehm. Link's ribs 13. - corynódes Ott. claved ribs 16. - *Montevidensis. Mt. Video. ribs 13-obt. - rhodánthus rose-fld. ribs 13-14. - acutanguláris HB. acute-ang. ribs 18. - acuátus Ott. sharp-rib. ribs 13 acute - - _Systematic No. and Colour of Col. of Native Year of - Name. Spines. Flower. Country. Introduc._ - -----------------+------------------+--------+--------+----------- - Ottónis Lk. sp. ext. wh. _ye._ Mexico 1829 D.S.S. - centr. br. - tenuispínus Ott. sp. ext. wh. _ye._ Brazil 1835 D.S.S. - cent. ye. br. - Línkii Lehm. sp. ext. wh. _ye._ Mexico ---- D.S.S. - cent. bk. - corynódes Ott. sp. ext. wh. _ye._ ...... ---- D.S.S. - cent. br. - *Montevidensis. sp. ye. apex br. .. Mt. Video ---- D.S.S. - rhodánthus sp. ext. wh. _ro._ ...... ---- D.S.S. - cent. br. - acutanguláris HB. sp. ext. wh. _ye._ ...... ---- D.S.S. - cent. br. - acuátus Ott. sp. ye. 10-13 _ye._ Mt. Video 1836 D.S.S. - - -II. ACULEIS ERECTIS. - - _Systematic English Form of - Name. Name. Stems, &c._ - ------------------+-----------------+--------------- - pachycéntrus Lehm. thick-sp. ribs 12-12. obt. - centetérius Lehm. awl-sp. ribs 10 tuber. - - _Systematic No. and Colour of Col. of Native Year of - Name. Spines. Flower. Country. Introduc._ - ------------------+------------------+--------+--------+---------- - pachycéntrus Lehm. sp. ye. apex br. .. ...... 1836 D.S.S. - centetérius Lehm. sp. ext. 8-10. _li. re._ ...... ---- D.S.S. - cent. 4. - - -III. ACULEIS RECURVATIS. - - _Systematic English Form of - Name. Name. Stems, &c._ - -------------------+-----------------+--------------------- - sessiliflórus sessile-fld. stm. depr. r. 8-12 - coccíneus H. Berol. scarlet st. dep. ribs 8-9 - spirális Karw. spiral st. erect. ribs 8 - recúrvus Haw. recurved st. glo. r. 13-15 gl. - cornígerus DC. horn-bearg. stm. depr. - _latispinus_ - hamátus hooked stm. dep. ribs 21 - Sellówii DC. Sellow's st. glo. depr. 10 - gibbósus DC. gibbous stm. ov. r. 9 obt. - robústus Salm. robust stm. cyl. ribs 8 - crispátus DC. curled st. cyl. r. 10-12 - - _Systematic No. and Colour of Col. of Native Year of - Name. Spines. Flower. Country. Introduc._ - -------------------+------------------+-------+--------+----------- - sessiliflórus sp. 5-6. wh. .. ...... 1834 D.S.S. - coccíneus H. Berol. sp. 8-10. br. re. .. ...... 1835 D.S.S. - spirális Karw. sp. 8 varieg. .. ...... ---- D.S.S. - recúrvus Haw. sp. 9 ye. re. .. Mexico 1796 D.S.S. - cornígerus DC. sp. ye. rec. cent. _pk._ Mexico 1820 D.S.S. - flat. ro. - _latispinus_ - hamátus sp. 7. grey .. B. Ayres 1833 D.S.S. - Sellówii DC. sp. 7. centr. .. Mt.Video 1826 D.S.S. - elon. br. - gibbósus DC. sp. 8-9. bk. br. _wh._ Jamaica 1808 D.S.S. - robústus Salm. sp. 8-9 ye. slend. .. ...... 1835 D.S.S. - crispátus DC. sp. 9-10 cent. .. Mexico 1826 D.S.S. - 1. br. - - -IV. ACULEIS SUBRECURVATIS. - - _Systematic English Form of - Name. Name. Stems, &c._ - ------------------+-----------------+---------------------- - tuberculátus tubercled stm. glo. r. 8 obt. - platyacánthus flat-spined st. glo. r. 21-24. - polyacánthus many-sp. st. ov. glo. r. 21 ob. - *xanthacánthus yellow-sp. st. depr. 11 ang. - - _Systematic No. and Colour of Col. of Native Year of - Name. Spines. Flower. Country. Introduc._ - ---------------+---------------------+-------+--------+---------- - tuberculátus sp. 8. ext. sp. elon. .. Mexico 1826 D.S.S. - platyacánthus sp. 7-8. cent. 4. .. Mexico 1837 D.S.S. - polyacánthus sp. 8. spread. .. Brazil ---- D.S.S. - *xanthacánthus sp. y. elong. .. ...... 1835 D.S.S. - - -SUB-GLOBOSI. - - -V. ACULEIS ELONGATIS. - - _Systematic English Form of - Name. Name. Stems, &c._ - ------------------+-----------------+------------------------- - Gilliésii Gillies's stm. s. glo. obo. rib. 13 - formósus H. ang. handsome ov. cyl. ri. 14-16 - *theléphorus nipple-bear. st. glo. ribs 14 - gladiátus DC. sword-sp. st. glo. ri. 14-22 - - _Systematic No. and Colour of Col. of Native Year of - Name. Spines. Flower. Country. Introduc._ - ----------------+----------------------+-------+--------+---------- - Gilliésii sp. 20 transp. .. Mexico 1830 D.S.S. - formósus H. ang. sp. 15-18. re. br. .. ------ .... D.S.S. - *theléphorus sp. 12-15 ye. br. .. ...... 1834 D.S.S. - gladiátus DC. sp. 10. centr .3 elon. .. ...... 1836 D.S.S. - - -POLYACANTHI. - - -VI. CYLINDRACEI ACULEIS RIGIDIS. - - _Systematic English Form of - Name. Name. Stems, &c._ - ------------------+-----------------+----------- - exsculptus Ott. exsculpted ribs 16. - *Anconiánus Anconian ribs 16. - *spinosíssimus many-sp. ribs 14-15. - *echinátus hedge-hog. lik. ribs 19. - *oxyacánthus sharp-sp. ribs 16. - *cylíndricus cylindrical ribs 12. 18. - - _Systematic No. and Colour of Col. of Native Year of - Name. Spines. Flower. Country. Introduc._ - ---------------+----------------------+--------+--------+----------- - exsculptus sp. dense ye. apex .. ...... 1836 D.S.S. - Ott. br. - *Anconiánus sp. ext. wh. cent. 4. .. Ancona 1834 D.S.S. - dk. br. - *spinosíssimus sp. ext. wh. c. 7-8. .. ...... ---- D.S.S. - re. br. elon. - *echinátus sp. li. br. elong. .. Mexico 1830 D.S.S. - *oxyacánthus sp. ext. ye. cent. .. ...... ---- D.S.S. - 9-10. re. br. - *cylíndricus sp. ext. wh. cent. .. Mexico 1836 D.S.S. - li. br. - - -VII. ALBISETI. - - _Systematic English Form of - Name. Name. Stems, &c._ - ------------------+-----------------+----------- - scòpa Ott. broom. stm. cyl. - _spinis-albis_ _white-spined_ - - _Systematic No. and Colour of Col. of Native Year of - Name. Spines. Flower. Country. Introduc._ - ----------------+---------------------+-------+--------+---------- - scòpa Ott. sp. den. ex. wh. ct. _ye._ Brazil 1826 D.S.S. - 1-3. dk. pu. - _spinis-albis_ .. .. .. .. _ye._ ------ 1836 D.S.S. - - -_CE'REUS. CE'REUS_. Cal. of many leaves, imbricated on an elongated tube, -exterior sepals short, the middle and inner ones coloured and -petal-like. Stam. numerous. Style filiform, the apex many parted. Berry -tuberculated, and scaly. - - -I. GLOBOSI. - - _Systematic English Form of - Name. Name. Stems, &c._ - ---------------------------+-----------------+----------- - oxygonus Ott. furrowed ribs 13-15. - _Echin. sulcatus._ Hort - Eyriesii Turp. Eyries's. ribs 16. - _Echin. Eyriesi._ - turbinátus Pfr. turbinated ribs 16. - _Echin. turbinatus_ Hort. - multiplex Ott. many-fold. ribs 13. - _Echin. multiplex_ - leucánthus Gill. white ribs 8-9. - _Echin. ambiguus hort. Melocact. ambiguus._ Ht. - tubiflórus Pfr. tube-fld. ribs 12. - _Echin. tubiflorus_ Hort. - - _Systematic No. and Colour of Col. of Native Year of - Name. Spines. Flower. Country. Introduc._ - ------------------+------------------+---------+--------+----------- - oxygonus Ott. sp. ext. wh. _pk._ Brazil 1829 D.S.S. - cent. br. - _Echin. sulcatus._ Hort. - Eyriesii Turp. sp. bk. toment. _wh. gr._ ...... ---- D.S.S. - short. - _Echin. Eyriesi._ - turbinátus Pfr. sp. ext. wh. .. ...... 1835 D.S.S. - cent. br. - _Echin. turbinatus_ Hort. - multiplex Ott. sp. ye. apex _ca. sc._ ...... 1830 D.S.S. - br. - _Echin. multiplex_ - leucánthus Gill. sp. br. _wh. pu._ ...... ---- D.S.S. - recurv. - _Echin. ambiguus hort. Melocact. ambiguus._ Ht. - tubiflórus Pfr. sp. 7-9. ye. _wh._ ...... ---- D.S.S. - ba & ap. bk. - _Echin. tubiflorus_ Hort. - - -II. MACRACANTHI. -_Caule erecto subobovato._ - - _Systematic English Form of - Name. Name. Stems, &c._ - ------------------+-----------------+--------------- - candicans white 9-an. ribs obt. - macracánthus large-sp. 9-an. ribs obt. - ochroleúcus ochre-col. 12-an. r. obt. - Chiloénsis Colla Chil[oe] 10-an. r. obt. - _fl.-luteo._ _yellow-flo._ - Chiloensóides chilo.-like 10-an. r. obt. - - _Systematic No. and Colour of Col. of Native Year of - Name. Spines. Flower. Country. Introduc._ - ----------------+-------------------+--------+--------+---------- - candicans sp. 12-15 br. .. ...... ---- D.S.S. - ye. - macracánthus sp. 12-14 br. .. ...... ---- D.S.S. - ye. - ochroleúcus sp. br. apex _och._ ...... 1835 D.S.S. - bk. - Chiloénsis Colla sp. 12-16. ye. .. Chili 1825 D.S.S. - br. - _fl.-luteo._ _yellow-flo._ _ye._ ------ 1835 D.S.S. - Chiloensóides sp. 10 br. .. ------ .... D.S.S. - pelluc. - - -III. CAPILLARES. - - _Systematic English Form of - Name. Name. Stems, &c._ - ------------------+-----------------+------------ - sénilis Haw. grey-headed ribs 20-25 - - _Systematic No. and Colour of Col. of Native Year of - Name. Spines. Flower. Country. Introduc._ - ---------------+-------------------+--------+--------+---------- - sénilis Haw. sp. elong. wh. _re._ Mexico 1823 D.S.S. - hairs elon. - - -IV. LANUGINOSI. -_Caule_ 9-11-_angulari erecto_. - - _Systematic English Form of - Name. Name. Stems, &c._ - --------------------+-----------------+------------- - lanuginósus L. woolly 9-ang. gl. - Royéni Haw. Royen's. 9-ang. glauc. - _gloriosis_ Salm. - - _Systematic No. and Colour of Col. of Native Year of - Name. Spines. Flower. Country. Introduc._ - ----------------+------------------+--------+---------+----------- - lanuginósus L. sp. ye. _wh._ W. Indies 1699 D.S.S. - elong. - Royéni Haw. sp. slen. _wh._ S. Amer. 1728 D.S.S. - ye. br. - _gloriosis_ - Salm. - - -V. SUBLANUGINOSI. -_Caule_ 5-10-_angulari erecto_. - - _Systematic English Form of - Name. Name. Stems, &c._ - ------------------+-----------------+--------------- - albispínus Salm. white sp. 9-10-an. r. obt - crenulátus Salm. crenulated 9-ang. cren. - _gracilior_ Salm. slender 9-10-ang. - nígricans dark 8-an. rib. den. - níger Salm. black 7-an. r. compr. - Hawórthii D.C. Haworth's 5-ang. r. obt. - flavispínus Haw. yellow-sp. 7-10-an. ri. ob. - fulvispinósus Ha. tawney-sp. 9-an. sulca. - *Russelliánus Duke of Bed. 6-7-ang. cren. - - _Systematic No. and Colour of Col. of Native Year of - Name. Spines. Flower. Country. Introduc._ - -----------------+------------------+--------+---------+---------- - albispínus Salm. sp. wh. apex ye. .. S. Amer. .... D.S.S. - crenulátus Salm. sp. wh. apex ye. .. W. Indies 1822 D.S.S. - gracilior Salm. sp. wh. apex bk. .. ...... 1835 D.S.S. - nígricans sp. 10-12 br. .. ...... 1835 D.S.S. - níger Salm. sp. 9-12 ye. .. S. Amer .... D.S.S. - Hawórthii D.C. sp. 9-10 br. .. Caribees 1811 D.S.S. - flavispínus Haw. sp. 11-13 ye. .. W. Indies 1822 D.S.S. - fulvispinósus Ha. sp. br. thick .. S. Amer. 1795 D.S.S. - *Russelliánus sp. bk. short. .. Demarara 1836 D.S.S. - cen. 1 ang. - - -VI. GLABRI. -_Caule_ 4-10-_angulari erecto_. - - _Systematic English Form of - Name. Name. Stems, &c._ - ------------------+-----------------+----------------- - Hystrix Salm. porcupine 8-9-ang. - stríctus W. erect 8-9-an. rib. com. - pellúcidus Ott. pellucid 5-ang. r. com. - Olférsii Ott. Olfers's 9-ang. r. com. - spinibárbis Ott. bearded 9-10 ang. obt. - undulátus Haw. waved 4-ang. r. com. - *nigrospínus dark-sp. 7-ang. r. obt. - *heteracánthus va. col. sp. 4-5-ang. - tortuósus twisted 7-8 ang. - affínis H. Berol. allied 4-5-ang. r. ob. - gemmátus Zucc. gemmate 5-ang. r. rem. - incrustátus 5-ang. - - _Systematic No. and Colour of Col. of Native Year of - Name. Spines. Flower. Country. Introduc._ - -----------------+-------------------+-------+--------+---------- - Hystrix Salm. sp. grey-apex bk. .. ...... 1808 D.S.S. - stríctus W. sp. br. apex ye. .. S. Amer. 1822 D.S.S. - pellúcidus Ott. sp. br. apex ye. .. ...... 1836 D.S.S. - Olférsii Ott. sp. br. ye. .. Brazils 1836 D.S.S. - spinibárbis Ott. sp. ex. 10-12 c. .. ...... ---- D.S.S. - 1-3 el. a. b. w. - undulátus Haw. sp. 3-5. bk. _wh._ China 1829 D.S.S. - *nigrospínus sp. 12-13 bk. .. B. Ayres 1836 D.S.S. - *heteracánthus sp. ex. 7. va. cen. .. ----- ---- D.S.S. - 1 wh. ap. br. - tortuósus sp. 7-9 slen. .. ----- ---- D.S.S. - affínis H. Berol. sp. 10-12 br. _wh._ ...... .... D.S.S. - gemmátus Zucc. sp. short wh. .. ...... 1835 D.S.S. - incrustátus sp. br. wh. slen. .. ...... ---- D.S.S. - elong. - - -VII. GLAUCESCENTES. -_Caule_ 3-6-_angulari erecto_. - - _Systematic English Form of - Name. Name. Stems, &c._ - ------------------+-----------------+--------------- - glaúcus Salm. glaucous. 4-an. r. com. - Jamacáru Salm. Jamacárus 4-5-a. r. com. - *caésius grey 6-an. r. acute - grándis Haw. great 4-ang. - formósus beautiful 6-ang. r. com. - Peruviánus D.C. Peruvian 6-8-ang. - _hexagonus W. heptagonus_ Haw. - monstròsus monstrous irreg-fur. - ebúrneus Salm. ivory 7-8-ang. r. obt. - tetragónus Flaw. four-ang. 4-an. r. remo. - *amblygónus obtus-rib. 7-an. gl. r. obt. - - _Systematic No. and Colour of Col. of Native Year of - Name. Spines. Flower. Country. Introduc._ - ------------------+-----------------+---------+--------+------------ - glaúcus Salm. sp. ext. .. Brazil 1835 D.S.S. - 6-8 cent. 3 - Jamacáru Salm. sp. ext. 7-9. _wh._ ----- ---- D.S.S. - cent. 4. br. y. - *caésius sp. 13-14. apex .. ...... 1836 D.S.S. - ye. bas. br. - grándis Haw. sp. 7-8 erect. _wh. y._ Brazil ---- D.S.S. - ye. & br. - formósus sp. 14-18. ye. _wh._ S. Am. 1834 D.S.S. - br. - Peruviánus D.C. sp. 7-8. br. _wh. pk._ Peru 1728 D.S.S. - apex ye. - _hexagonus W. - heptagonus_ Haw. - monstròsus sp. br. _re. wh._ S. Am. 1816 D.S.S. - ebúrneus Salm. sp. slen. ...... 1818 D.S.S. - tetragónus Flaw. sp. 10-12 br. .. ----- 1710 D.S.S. - ye. - *amblygónus sp. ext. 7-cent. .. B. Ayres 1836 D.S.S. - 1 dk. br. - - -VIII. SUBGLAUCESCENTES. -_Caule_ 3-6-_angulari erecto_. - - _Systematic English Form of - Name. Name. Stems, &c._ - ------------------+-----------------+----------------- - laetevirens Salm. br. green 3-5 an. ribs com. - obtùsus Haw. obtuse 3-5 an. ribs ott. - Pitahaya Jacq. Pitahaya 3-ang. - variábilis Ott. variable 3-an. ribs com. - pentagónus five-ang. 5-ang. - - _Systematic No. and Colour of Col. of Native Year of - Name. Spines. Flower. Country. Introduc._ - -----------------+-----------------+---------+--------+----------- - laetevirens Salm. sp. 6-9 br. .. ...... ---- D.S.S. - obtùsus Haw. sp. 6-8-br. ye. _wh. gr._ ...... ---- D.S.S. - - Pitahaya Jacq. sp. 7-9 erect .. Cartha. ---- D.S.S. - ye. br. - variábilis Ott. sp. 6-8 br. ye. .. ...... 1836 D.S.S. - pentagónus sp. wh. y. .. S. Am. 1769 D.S.S. - - -IX. TUBERCULATI. - - _Systematic English Form of - Name. Name. Stems, &c._ - ------------------+-----------------+---------------- - Déppei Ott. Deppi's 6-ang. ribs obt. - propínquus Salm. allied 5-ang. ribs obt. - leptacánthus DC. thin-spined 5-ang. - - _Systematic No. and Colour of Col. of Native Year of - Name. Spines. Flower. Country. Introduc._ - ----------------+------------------+--------+--------+---------- - Déppei Ott. sp. 8-9 wh. .. Mexico 1826 D.S.S. - propínquus Salm. sp. 6-7 wh. ye. .. ...... ---- D.S.S. - leptacánthus DC. sp. elon. wh. ye. .. ...... ---- D.S.S. - apex br. - - -X. CYLINDRACEO-ATTENUATI. -_Caule_ 5-11-_angulari erecto_. - - _Systematic English Form of - Name. Name. Stems, &c._ - --------------------+-----------------+----------------- - repándus DC. repand 8-9 an. rib. und. - _aúreus_ _yellow-spined_ - subrepándus Haw. subrepand 7-8 ang. - c[oe]ruléscens Nob. blue 8-9 ang. glau. - *glaucéscens glauces. 5-8 an. ribs obt. - fimbriátus DC. fimbriated 8-ang. ribs obt. - erióphorus H. Berol. woolly 8-ang. ribs obt. - divaricátus DC. divaricated 8-10 an. r. obt. - serpentínus Haw. serpentine 11-ang. - - _Systematic No. and Colour of Col. of Native Year of - Name. Spines. Flower. Country. Introduc._ - -------------------+-------------------+--------+--------+---------- - repándus DC. sp. 8-9 wh. _wh._ W. In. 1728 D.S.S. - & bk. - _aúreus_ ...... 1836 D.S.S. - subrepándus Haw. sp. 8-9 elon. br. .. Carib. 1811 D.S.S. - apex bk. - c[oe]ruléscens Nob. sp. elon. bk. .. Brazil .... D.S.S. - jun. wh. - *glaucéscens sp. bk. .. B. Ayr. 1836 D.S.S. - fimbriátus DC. sp. 12-14 wh. _w._ S. Dom. 1826 D.S.S. - apex bk. - erióphorus H. Berol. sp. 8-10 wh. _re._ ...... 1835 D.S.S. - apex bk. - divaricátus DC. sp. 8-9 wh. .. ...... 1826 D.S.S. - apex bk. - serpentínus Haw. sp. 10 slen. wh. _pu. wh._ Peru 1817 D.S.S. - ap. br. - - -XI. MULTANGULARES. - - _Systematic English Form of - Name. Name. Stems, &c._ - ------------------+-----------------+--------------------- - multángularis Ha. many-an. stm. cycl. - _spinis albis_ _whitespined_ - myriophyllus myriad-led. stm. cyl. spotted - strigósus Gill. strigose stm. cyl. 14-a. n. s. - myriacánthus myriad-sp. stm. cy. 14-15-a. - spinósus Hitch. spiny st. erect. c. 14-16 a. - *Bonariensis Bu. Ayres st. erect. 11-14-a. - *tenuátus slender-sp. stm. erect 18-ang. - - _Systematic No. and Colour of Col. of Native Year of - Name. Spines. Flower. Country. Introduc._ - ------------------+------------------+--------+--------+----------- - multángularis Ha. sp. dense .. S. Am. 1815 D.S.S. - ye. br. - _spinis albis_ ...... ---- D.S.S. - myriophyllus sp. ye. br. .. ...... ---- D.S.S. - strigósus Gill. sp. wh. br. .. ...... ---- D.S.S. - myriacánthus sp.1-1/2-inch .. Chili ---- D.S.S. - long br. - spinósus Hitch. sp. ye. br. .. ...... ---- D.S.S. - *Bonariensis sp. ye. red at .. B. Ayr. 1836 D.S.S. - base - *tenuátus sp. ext. 7. re. ye. .. ...... ---- D.S.S. - br. c. 1 - - -XII. FLAGELLIFORMES. - - _Systematic English Form of - Name. Name. Stems, &c._ - -------------------+--------------+--------------------- - flagellifórmis Haw. rod-shaped 10-an. tuberc-c. - _minor_ _smaller_ - *costatus ribbed 8-9 ang. - flagrifórmis Zucc. whip-sh. 8-ang. tuburc. not so - crowded as in last - Martiánus Martins's 10-ang. tuberc. - leptóphis DC. thin serpent 6-7-an. t. remote - Smithïi Smith's tuberc. none - tenuissimus very slender 4-5 ang. - - _Systematic No. and Colour of Col. of Native Year of - Name. Spines. Flower. Country. Introduc._ - -------------------+-------------------+--------+--------+---------- - flagellifórmis Haw. sp. br. ye. _pk._ ...... 1835 D.S.S. - _minor_ ...... ---- D.S.S. - *costatus sp. slender white .. Peru 1690 D.S.S. - flagrifórmis ...... 1834 D.S.S. - Martiánus sp. wh. _pu._ ...... 1835 D.S.S. - leptóphis DC. sp. wh. & ye. .. ...... ---- D.S.S. - Smithïi sp. br. ye. .. ...... ---- D.S.S. - tenuissimus sp. wh. slen. .. ...... ---- D.S.S. - hair-like - - -XIII. RADICANTES. -_Caule_ 3-7-_angulari articulato_. - - _Systematic English Form of - Name. Name. Stems, &c._ - --------------------+-----------------+------------- - rádicans DC. rooting 4-5 ang. - húmilis dwarf 4-5 ang. - grandiflòrus Haw. long-fld. 6-7 ang. - myriacaulon Mart. myriad-st. 4-ang. - nycticalius Lk. night-beau. 4-5 ang. - Schrankii Zun. Schranks 4-5 ang. - *arcuátus arched 3-4 ang. sinu. - Napoleónis Salm. Napoleon's 3-4 ang. - triangulàris L. three-ang. 3-ang. - _pictas_ _variegated_ - Lanceanus Lance's 3-ang. - speciosissimus shewy 3-4 ang. - prismáticus Salm. prismatic 3-4 ang. - trípterus Salm. three-wing. 3-ang. - tríqueter Haw. three-sided 3-ang. - exténsus Salm. extended 3-ang. - coccineus Salm. scarlet 3-4 ang. - setáceus Salm. bristly 3-ang. - setósus setose 3-ang. - ramósus Karw. branching 3-ang. - myosúrus Salm. mouse-tail 3-dented-ang. - quadrangularis Ha. quadran. 3-4 ang. - - _Systematic No. and Colour of Col. of Native Year of - Name. Spines. Flower. Country. Introduc._ - -----------------+-------------------+--------+--------+------------ - rádicans DC. sp. short dk. br. .. B. Ay. 1836 D.S.S. - húmilis sp. wh. slender .. S. Am. 1827 D.S.S. - grandiflòrus Haw. sp. wh. ye. _ye. wh._ Jamai. 1700 D.S.S. - myriacaulon Mart. ...... 1835 D.S.S. - nycticalius Lk. sp. erect .. ...... 1834 D.S.S. - slender wh. - Schrankii Zun. sp. 6-8 sh. .. ...... 1835 D.S.S. - dk. br. - *arcuátus sp. 4 dk. br. _wh._ ...... ---- D.S.S. - Napoleónis Salm. sp. 3 remote _gr. wh._ ...... 1834 D.S.S. - sh. br. - triangulàris L. Mexico 1690 D.S.S. - _pictas_ ...... ---- D.S.S. - Lanceanus sp. ye. wh. _sc._ ...... 1834 D.S.S. - & br. - speciosissimus sp. cent. 2-3 .. Mexico 1816 D.S.S. - ye. erect - prismáticus Salm. sp. dark br. .. ...... 1826 D.S.S. - trípterus Salm. sp. dk. br. .. ...... 1827 D.S.S. - tríqueter Haw. sp. dk. br. .. S. Am. 1794 D.S.S. - exténsus Salm. sp. ext. w. sl. .. ...... 1826 D.S.S. - c. 3-4 w. ye. - coccineus Salm. sp. ext. wh. sl. _sc._ Brazil 1828 D.S.S. - cent. 4 ye. - setáceus Salm. sp. ext. w. slen. .. ...... ---- D.S.S. - cent. 1-3 - setósus sp. br. setac. .. ...... 1835 D.S.S. - wh. - ramósus Karw. sp. br. ye. .. ...... 1836 D.S.S. - remote - myosúrus Salm. wool-white .. ...... 1828 D.S.S. - quadrangularis Ha. sp. 5-7 .. Amer. 1809 D.S.S. - - -XIV. ALATI. -_Epiphyllum Haw._ - - _Systematic English Form of - Name. Name. Stems, &c._ - ------------------+-----------------+----------------------------- - Ackermánni Haw. Ackerman's br. elon. compr. serr. cyl. - at base - alátus winged br. obl. compr. crenate - coccíneus scarlet br. compr. glau. crenate - crispátus Haw. curled br. obl. compr. cren. invol. - Hookéri Sir W. Hooker's br. comp. lin. lanc. sinuate - phyllanthoídes DC. Phyllanthus-like br. comp. sinuat. cyl. at base - - _Systematic No. and Colour of Col. of Native Year of - Name. Spines. Flower. Country. Introduc._ - ------------------+------------------+-------+---------+---------- - Ackermánni Haw. _sc._ Mexico 1830 D.S.S. - alátus _wh. gr._ Jama. 1818 D.S.S. - coccíneus _sc._ Brazil 1828 D.S.S. - crispátus Haw. _pu._ Mexico 1826 D.S.S. - Hookéri _wh._ S. Am. ---- D.S.S. - phyllanthoídes DC. _pk._ Mexico 1816 D.S.S. - - -HYBRIDS. - - - _Systematic English Form of - Name. Name. Stems, &c._ - ---------------+-----------------+----------------------------- - _aurantíacus_ _orange-coloured_ .. - _ignéscens_ _fiery_ .. - _Colvilli_ _Colvill's_ - _Jenkinsóni_ _Jenkinson's_ .. - _Kiardi_ _Kiard's_ .. - _Lóthi_ _Loth's_ .. - _Mackoyi_ _Mackoy's_ .. - _oxypétalus_ _sharp-petaled_ .. - _Guillardieri_ _Guillardier's_ .. - _Smíthii_ _Smith's_ .. - _Vandésii_ _Vandes's_ .. - rhómbeus Salm. rhomboid br. elong. comp. sinuated - ramulósus Salm. branching stm. cyl. bran. com. o. lan. - truncátus truncated br. com. thin d. n. at apex - _coccineus_ _scarlet_ - - _Systematic No. and Colour of Col. of Native Year of - Name. Spines. Flower. Country. Introduc._ - ----------------+-------------------+-------+--------+------------- - _aurantíacus_ .. _or._ ...... ---- D.S.S. - _ignéscens_ .. _sc._ ...... ---- D.S.S. - _Colvilli_ .. - _Jenkinsóni_ .. _sc._ ...... ---- D.S.S. - _Kiardi_ .. _sc._ ...... ---- D.S.S. - _Lóthi_ .. _sc._ ...... ---- D.S.S. - _Mackoyi_ .. _sc._ ...... ---- D.S.S. - _oxypétalus_ .. _sc._ ...... ---- D.S.S. - _Guillardieri_ .. _sc._ ...... ---- D.S.S. - _Smíthii_ .. _sc._ ...... ---- D.S.S. - _Vandésii_ .. _sc._ ...... ---- D.S.S. - rhómbeus Salm. .. ...... 1835 D.S.S. - ramulósus Salm. .. ...... ---- D.S.S. - truncátus _sc._ Brazil 1818 D.S.S. - _coccineus_ _sc._ ...... ---- D.S.S. - - -_OPU'NTIA. OPU'NTIA_. Cal. of many leaves, united to the ovary, the -inner sepals petal-like obovate. Stamens shorter than petals. Style -cylind. constricted at the base. Stigma many erect thick. Berry ovate, -often spiny. - - -I. CYLINDRACEĈ. - - _Systematic English Form of - Name. Name. Stems, &c._ - --------------------+-----------------+-------------------- - cylindrica DC. cylindrical st. erect cyl. tuber. - clavarióides batoon-like stm. erect cyl. - decípiens DC. deceptive stm. erect gl. r. - imbricáta DC. imbricated tuber. imbricated - Kleini DC. Klein's st. erect tuber. r. - leptocáulis DC. thin-stem. st. erect ramose - ramulífera Nob. branching stm. erect - tunicàta tunicated stm. ramose - pubescens Wend. pubescens stm. erect slend. - virgata twiggy st. erect ramose - - _Systematic No. and Colour of Col. of Native Year of - Name. Spines. Flower. Country. Introduc._ - ---------------+---------------------+-------+--------+---------- - cylindrica DC. sp. wh. hairy .. Peru 1799 D.S.S. - clavarióides sp. wh. setac. .. ...... 1836 D.S.S. - depres. - decípiens DC. sp. wh. ye. elong. .. ...... 1835 D.S.S. - imbricáta DC. sp. 5-7 wh. .. ...... 1826 D.S.S. - Kleini DC. sp. li. br. elong. .. ...... 1836 D.S.S. - leptocáulis DC. sp. small br. .. ...... ---- D.S.S. - ramulífera Nob. sp. br. ye. arcol. .. Mexico ---- D.S.S. - crowd. - tunicàta sp. 5-6 wh. & pk. .. ...... ---- D.S.S. - pubescens Wend. sp. wh. apex br. .. ...... 1836 D.S.S. - virgata sp. li. br. elong. .. ...... ---- D.S.S. - - -II. DIVARICATĈ. -_Caule articulato, et articulis subcylindraceis._ - - _Systematic English Form of - Name. Name. Stems, &c._ - --------------------+-----------------+----------------- - articuláta Ott. jointed st. erect ramose - alpína Gill. Alpine stm. ramose br. - stapélia DC. stapelia stm. ramose - corrugáta Gill. corrugated br. erect cy. com. - dichotoma forked joints cyl. elong. - curassávica How. Curassa joints. cyl. com. - _elongáta_ _elongated_ - andícola joints cyl. - foliósa Haw. leafy jnts. comp. ramos. - fragilis Nut. brittle joints cyl. obl. - glomeráta Haw. glomerated joints cyl. - exténsa extended joints cyl. - horizontális Ott. horizontal jnts. cyl. ramose - platyacántha flat-spined joints cycl. ov. - pusílla Haw. dwarf jnts. divar. cyl. - sulphúrea Gill. sulphur-fld. joints erect - aurantiáca orange-col. jnts. com. elon. - missouriénsis DC. Missouri joints com. ob. o. - media Haw. intermediat. jnts. cyl. elong. - attulica jnts. elon. cyl. - Sabíni Sabine's jnts. com. obov. - ciliósa ciliated jnts. com. glau. - - _Systematic No. and Colour of Col. of Native Year of - Name. Spines. Flower. Country. Introduc._ - -----------------+--------------------+---------+--------+---------- - articuláta Ott. sp. 1-wh. pelluc. .. ...... ---- D.S.S. - alpína Gill. sp. wh. recurv. .. ...... ---- D.S.S. - stapélia DC. sp. 4-6 wh. .. ...... ---- D.S.S. - corrugáta Gill. sp. wh. apex br. .. Chili 1824 D.S.S. - dichotoma sp. br. apex wh. .. B. Ayr. 1836 D.S.S. - curassávica How. sp. 1-4 ye. wh. .. Curas. 1690 D.S.S. - _elongáta_ ...... ---- D.S.S. - andícola sp. wh. elong. .. ...... ---- D.S.S. - foliósa Haw. sp. 1-2 elong. wh. _ye._ S. Am. 1805 D.S.S. - fragilis Nut. sp. wh. slend. .. N. Am. 1814 D.S.S. - glomeráta Haw. sp. flat .. ...... ---- D.S.S. - pellucid - exténsa sp. wh. apex br. _li. ye._ ...... ---- D.S.S. - horizontális Ott. sp. wh. elong. .. ...... ---- D.S.S. - platyacántha sp. wh. elong. _ye._ ...... ---- D.S.S. - apex bk. - pusílla Haw. sp. 1-2 twisted _ye._ S. Am. 1826 D.S.S. - wh. - sulphúrea Gill. sp. twist. ap. .. Chili 1827 D.S.S. - re. - aurantiáca sp. 3-5 br. ap. _ye._ ...... ---- D.S.S. - wh. y. - missouriénsis DC. sp. br. & wh. _ye._ Missou. ---- D.S.S. - media Haw. sp. wh. recurv. .. N. Am. ---- D.S.S. - attulica sp. wh. ye. .. ...... ---- D.S.S. - tomen. br. - Sabíni sp. wh. deflex. .. ...... ---- D.S.S. - ciliósa sp. ye. br. .. ...... ---- D.S.S. - - -III. SPINOSISSIMĈ. -_articulis oblongis._ - - _Systematic English Form of - Name. Name. Stems, &c._ - -------------------+-----------------+------------------- - spinosíssima Haw. very-spiny joints obl. - dolabríformis hatchet-fd. jnts. obl. dk. gr. - leucacántha Ott. white-spin. jnts. erect obl. - calacántha Ott. pretty-spin. joints obl. - _rúbra_ _red-sp._ - leucotríche DC. white-hairy jnts. erect obl. - senílis Parm. grey jnts. obov. obl. - longíssima longest jnts. obl. obov. - polyántha DC. many-fld. joints obov. - polyacántha Haw. many-sp. joints obov. - megacántha Nob. large-sp. joints obov. glau. - albicáns Nob. white-sp. jnts. obov. gl. obl. - triacántha Haw. three-sp. joints obov. obl. - nígricans Haw. dark joints obl. sp. - húmilis Flaw. dwarf jnts. obov. obl. - lasiacántha woolly-sp. jnts. obov. glau. - Dillenii Haw. Dillenius's jnts. obov. gl. und. - - _Systematic No. and Colour of Col. of Native Year of - Name. Spines. Flower. Country. Introduc._ - ------------------+-------------------+-------+--------+---------- - spinosíssima Haw. sp. elong. ye. .. Jama. 1732 D.S.S. - dolabríformis sp. wh. ye. .. ...... 1835 D.S.S. - leucacántha Ott. sp. wh. setac. _wh._ S. Ame. ---- D.S.S. - ye. - calacántha Ott. sp. 5-7 wh. ye. .. ...... 1836 D.S.S. - _rúbra_ ...... ---- D.S.S. - leucotríche DC. sp. flex. wh. .. Mexico ---- D.S.S. - elong. - senílis Parm. sp. elon. wh. .. ...... 1837 D.S.S. - hairs wh. - longíssima sp. ye. elon. .. ...... 1835 D.S.S. - depr. - polyántha DC. sp. ye. setac. ye. .. S. Am. 1811 D.S.S. - polyacántha Haw. sp. 3-4 wk. ye. .. N. Am. 1814 D.S.S. - megacántha Nob. sp. 3-5 long ones .. Mexico 1835 D.S.S. - ye. - albicáns Nob. sp. wh. ye. .. ...... ---- D.S.S. - triacántha Haw. sp. wh. .. S. Am. 1795 D.S.S. - nígricans Haw. sp. 3-5 ro. br. .. ...... ---- D.S.S. - bk. ap. ye. - húmilis Flaw. sp. ye. .. ...... ---- D.S.S. - lasiacántha sp. 1-4 wh. apex .. ...... ---- D.S.S. - ye. - Dillenii Haw. sp. ye. .. S. Am. 1810 D.S.S. - - -IV. SETACEĈ, OR SUBSPINESCENTES. - - _Systematic English Form of - Name. Name. Stems, &c._ - -------------------+------------------+----------------------- - microdasys Lehm. small-hairy joints obov. - _minor_ _O. pulvinata_ DC. - parvúla Nob. small joints ellip. ob. glau. - strícta Haw. upright joints obl. obov. - tuberculáta Haw. tubercled joints obov. - vulgáris Haw. common joints ov. - _major_ _larger_ - italica Italian joints obov. obl. - glaúca glaucous joints erect obov. - decúmbens Salm. decumbent joints obov. compr. - _irrorata_ _H. Ber._ - cochenillífera Haw. cochineal Fi. joints obov. obl. - lanceoláta Haw. lanceolat jnts. obov. lanc. - rubéscens Salm. rubescent joints elon. red-gr. - tomentósa Lk. hairy joints lanc. comp. - Mexicána Mexican joints obl. lanc. elon. - eláta Ott. tall jnts. er. ob. la. a. re. - Salmii SalmDyck's jnts. obov. ob. gl. - decumána Haw. great-ob. jnts. ov. obl. gl. - candelabrifórmis candlestick-fd. jnts. obov. ott. - grandis great jnts. ellip. ob. gl. - Americana American jnts. ellip. glau. - Amcylcea DC. Neapolitan jnts. ob. ellip. c. - Tuna Haw. Tuna jnts. ov. obl. - Ficus Indica Indian Fig. joints obl. - crassa Haw. thick-lobed joints obov. obl. - Bonplandi Bonpland's jnts. obov. orb. - horrida Salm. horrid jnts. ob. repand. - Pseudo Tuna Salm. False Tuna joints obov. - longispina Haw. long-spin. jnts. ellip. ob. li. gy. - Hitchenii Hitchin's jnts. ob. ellip. gl. - Parote? jnts. obov. glau. - spinulifera Salm. small-spin. joints obov. - dejecta Nob. dejected joints obl. elon. - monacantha Haw. single-sp. jnts. obl. obov. - flexibilis flexibile jnts. ob. orb. gl. - sericea G. Dom. silky jnts. obov. glau. - _cĉrulea_. - - _Systematic No. and Colour of Col. of Native Year of - Name. Spines. Flower. Country. Introduc._ - -------------------+--------------------+-------+--------+---------- - microdasys Lehm. ye. setac. dense .. ...... ---- D.S.S. - ye. - _minor_ - parvúla Nob. setac. br. .. Chili 1835 D.S.S. - strícta Haw. setac. ye. _ye._ S. Am. 1796 D.S.S. - tuberculáta Haw. setac. why. ye. .. ...... ---- D.S.S. - vulgáris Haw. stm. creep. setac. _ye._ S. Eur. 1596 D.S.S. - re. br. - _major_ - italica setac. short ye. _ye._ ...... 1835 D.S.S. - glaúca sp. ye. ap. br. .. ...... ---- D.S.S. - decúmbens arcol. dk. gr. .. Mexico 1835 D.S.S. - _irrorata_ - cochenillífera Haw. nearly unarmed _pk._ S. Am. 1688 D.S.S. - lanceoláta Haw. sp. ye. short. _ye._ ...... 1796 D.S.S. - setac. ye. - rubéscens Salm. red-gr. setac. wh. .. Brazils 1828 D.S.S. - tomentósa Lk. sp. wh setac. ye. _yo._ S. Am. 1820 D.S.S. - Mexicána setac. wh. .. Mexico 1835 D.S.S. - eláta Ott. sp. 1-wh. .. S. Am. 1731 D.S.S. - Salmii sp. 2-4 wh. setac. .. ...... 1835 D.S.S. - br. - decumána Haw. sp. wh. setac. .. ...... 1768 D.S.S. - ye. - candelabrifórmis sp. 1-3 wh. setac. .. ...... 1835 D.S.S. - ye. - grandis sp. 1-wh. setac. .. ...... ---- D.S.S. - ye. - Americana sp. 1-wh. setac. .. Amer. ---- D.S.S. - ye. - Amcylcea DC. sp. wh. .. Naples 1825 D.S.S. - Tuna Haw. sp. elon. ye. _ye._ S. Am. 1731 D.S.S. - Ficus Indica sp. setac. _ye._ ...... ---- D.S.S. - crassa Haw. glau. setac. ye. _ye._ Mexico 1811 D.S.S. - br. - Bonplandi sp. 2-5 ye. .. ...... ---- D.S.S. - horrida Salm. sp. ye. _ye._ S. Am. ---- D.S.S. - Pseudo Tuna Salm. sp. br. ye. _ye._ ...... ---- D.S.S. - longispina Haw. sp. 1-2 elon. gr. .. Brazil 1825 D.S.S. - br. - Hitchenii sp. 1-3 elon. ye. .. ...... ---- D.S.S. - Parote? sp. 2-3 wh. ye. .. ...... ---- D.S.S. - spinulifera Salm. sp. deflex. wh. ye. .. Mexico 1836 D.S.S. - dejecta Nob. sp. 1-3 br. ye. _ye._ Havan. ---- D.S.S. - monacantha Haw. sp. 1-2 br. ye. .. S. Am. ---- D.S.S. - flexibilis sp. 1-ye. .. ...... 1836 D.S.S. - sericea G. Dom. sp. ye. setac. re. _ye._ Chili 1827 D.S.S. - br. - _cĉrulea_. - - -V. PARADOXEĈ. SALM. - - _Systematic English Form of - Name. Name. Stems, &c._ - --------------------+------------------+----------------- - Braziliénsis Brazil jnts. com. fl. ov. - _tenuifolia_ _slender-leaved_ - - _Systematic No. and Colour of Col. of Native Year of - Name. Spines. Flower. Country. Introduc._ - ----------------+--------------------+-------+--------+---------- - Braziliénsis sp. 1-3 strong. _ye._ Brazils 1816 D.S.S. - _tenuifolia_ - - -_PERE'SKIA. PERE'SKIA._ Cal. many-leaved united to the ovary. Cor. -rotate. Style filiform. Stigma aggreg. Berry globose. - - _Systematic English Form of - Name. Name. Stems, &c._ - --------------------+-----------------+---------------------------- - aculeáta Haw. prickly los. ellip. acum. ent. smth. - Bleo Bleo obl. acum. ent. base attenu. - grandifólia Haw. large-leaved obl. la. dott. ben. - grandispína large-spin. ellip. ent. - portulacaefólia Purslan-ld. obov. cuneat. - - _Systematic No. and Colour of Col. of Native Year of - Name. Spines. Flower. Country. Introduc._ - ----------------+------------------+--------+--------+----------- - aculeáta Haw. _wh._ W. Ind. 1696 D.S.S. - Bleo _wh._ ...... ---- D.S.S. - grandifólia Haw. sp. elon. bk. _wh._ Brazil 1818 D.S.S. - grandispína sp. in clust. _wh._ ...... ---- D.S.S. - elon. bk. - portulacaefólia sp. bk. 1/2-inch _wh._ W. Ind. 1820 D.S.S. - long. - - -_RHIPSA'LIS. RHIPSA'LIS._ Cal. 3-6 parted, very short, the teeth -acuminated. Petals 6 oblong. Stam. 12-18. Style filiform: stig. 3-6. - - _Systematic English Form of - Name. Name. Stems, &c._ - --------------------+----------------+---------------------------- - spathuláta Ott. spathulated stm. cyl. - fasciculáris Haw. fascicled br. cyl. jnts. nearly an inch - long - _parasitica Salm._ - mesembryanthoídes Mesembry-like br. erect cyl. jnts. crowd. - hairy - pendula Salm. pendulous br. vertic. pend. cyl. elong. - pentaptéra Ott. five-winged stm. erect 5-ang. smth. dent. - salicornóides Haw. Salt-wort-like joints erect short obov. cyl. - grandiflóra Haw. large-fld. br. cyl. smth. jnts. obl. - calamifórmis reed-shaped br. erect vertic. cyl. smth. - - _Systematic No. and Colour of Col. of Native Year of - Name. Spines. Flower. Country. Introduc._ - --------------------+------------------+-------+--------+---------- - spathuláta Ott. sp. wh. br. .. ...... 1836 D.S.S. - woolly - fasciculáris Haw. .. ...... 1800 D.S.S. - _parasitica Salm._ - mesembryanthoídes _wh._ ...... 1818 D.S.S. - pendula Salm. _wh._ ...... ---- D.S.S. - pentaptéra Ott. _wh._ ...... 1836 D.S.S. - salicornóides Haw. _ye._ ...... 1818 D.S.S. - grandiflóra Haw. _wh._ S. Am. 1816 D.S.S. - calamifórmis .. ...... 1836 D.S.S. - - - - -The following species of Cacteĉ are daily expected from Germany, but -whether they will prove distinct from those in the preceding pages, I am -unable to determine until the plants arrive at Woburn Abbey. - - _MAMMILLA'RIA._ - anisacántha - canéscens - compréssa - eriacántha _flore albo_ - erinácea - Hoffmanséggii - Hŭstrix - Parote - polyédra - sp. colúmbia - crucígera - Dyckiána - rutíla - exsúdans - heteráctis - uberifórmis - Caput Medúsĉ - gladiata - uncinata - recurva - setosa - sphacelata - tortolensis - - _MELOCA'CTUS._ - ceratites - coronatus - coccineus - pyramidalis - ---- _spinis albis_ - ---- _spinis fuscis_ - ---- _spinis longis_ - proliferus - - _ECHINOCA'CTUS._ - dicracanthus - muricatus - tortuosus - agglomeratus - anfractuosus - niger - Karwinskii - oxypterus - Pfeifferi - phyllacanthus - pulchellus - multiplex flore rubro - ingens - spina Christi - - _CE'REUS._ - Boxamus - Bonplandii - Boydii - Brundii - Bayanensis - Columnĉ - c[oe]ruleus - denudatus - elegans - formosus - ---- _gemmatus_ - glaucéscens - hórridus - hŭbridus - nòthus - ovàtus - platyacánthus - polygonàtus - Scottii - spectábilis - tubiflòrus - dichracánthus - geométricans - Schelhasii - aureus - azùreus - cineráscens - cognàtus - grìseus - Knightii - lividus - Mallisónii - redúctus - róridus - sublanàtus - subsquamàtus - tilophòrus - truncàtus _Altensteinii_ - - _EPIPHY'LLUM._ - latifròns - platycárpum - - _OPU'NTIA._ - carolìna - coccínea - leucostàta - máxima - Poeppigii - polymórpha - prĉcox - splendens - stricta - triacántha - albispinòsa - Demorènia - Poeppigii - - _PERE'SKIA._ - acárdia - cruénta - Pititache - -Those kinds marked thus (*) were sent here, as new and undescribed -species, I have therefore designated them by these names, until I can -ascertain correctly whether they have been previously named or not. - - - - - CONTENTS. - - - Aremberg, Duke de 102, 127 - Aix-la-Chapelle 95 - Antwerp 115 - ---- Botanic Garden 117 - Augsburg 73 - Baden 72 - Beaufforts, Count de 110 - Bel[oe]il 100 - Berlin 15 - ---- Botanic Gardens 15 - Blankanese 5 - Bonn 88 - ---- Botanic Gardens 89 - Boursoult's, M. Garden 137 - Brussells 105 - ---- Botanic Garden 123 - Carlshrue 74 - Cels', M. Nursery 140 - Charlottenberg Palace Gardens 17 - Cologne 95 - Darmsdadt 81 - Dieppe 143 - Dresden 41 - ---- Botanic Garden 41 - Dusseldorf 92 - Enghien 102, 127 - Esling, Prince de 133 - Flottbeck Nursery 3 - Frankfort 82 - ---- Botanic Gardens 84 - Ghent 112 - ---- Botanic Garden 41 - ---- Nurseries 112, 113 - Hamburgh 3 - ---- Botanic Gardens 7 - Heidelberg 76 - Hohenheim 70 - Hoogart's, Baron de 109 - Jardin des Plantes 130 - Lacken Palace 107 - Liege 96 - ---- Botanic Garden 98 - Ligne's, Prince de, Gardens 100 - Louvain 125 - ---- Botanic Gardens 126 - Luxemburg Gardens 137 - Mackoy's Nursery 97 - Maen's, M., Nursery 117 - Malines 122 - Montemartre 137 - Mayence 87 - Montreuil Peach Gardens 138 - Munich 51 - ---- Botanic Gardens 52 - Namur 98 - Noisette's Nursery 132 - Nuremberg 48 - Nymphenburg 54 - Paris 129 - Parmentier's Nursery 104 - Pêre la Chaise 138 - Pfauen Insel or Peacock Island 33 - Potsdam 23 - Prevost's, M., Nursery 142 - Rhine 88 - Rosenstein Palace 68 - Rouen 141 - ---- Botanic Garden 142 - Salm-Dyck's, Prince, Gardens 92 - Sans-souci 23 - Schwetzingen 77 - Smetz', Madame, Garden 119 - Stuttgard 66 - ---- Botanic Gardens 66 - Vallet's, M., Nursery 142 - Vitry Nurseries 139 - Valenciennes 128 - Vandermaelin, M. J. F. 122 - Van Mons, Professor 126 - Versailles 134 - - -THE END. - - -CHELSEA: PRINTED BY W. BLATCH, 23, EXETER STREET. - - - - -169, Piccadilly, _May_ 1837. - - -PAMPHLETS, &c. FOR SESSION 1837, PUBLISHING BY - -JAMES RIDGWAY AND SONS, - -_And to be obtained of all Booksellers._ - - * * * * * - - -=TRACTS ON CHURCH RATES,= - -FOR GENERAL DISTRIBUTION. - -THE ATTORNEY GENERAL ON CHURCH RATES. - -LETTER TO LORD STANLEY on the LAW OF CHURCH RATES. By Sir John Campbell, -M.P. for the City of Edinburgh. Third Edition. Price. 1_s._ - -WILL YOU HAVE YOUR CHURCH REPAIRED?--For this is the object of a Bill -recently proposed, and which is entitled a Bill for the abolition of -Church Rates and for the improvement of the Land Revenue of the Church -of England. Price 6_d._, or 3_s._ per dozen. - -A LETTER TO A YEOMAN in favour of the Government Measure of Abolition of -Church Rates. By the Rev. Gilbert Earle, Rector of Kirby Thorn and -Brougham. Price 4_d._, or 3_s._ per dozen. - -A FEW HISTORICAL REMARKS UPON THE SUPPOSED ANTIQUITY OF CHURCH RATES, -and the Threefold Division of Tithes. By a LAY MEMBER of the Church of -England. New Edition. Price 6_d._, or 3_s._ per dozen. - -A LETTER TO LORD JOHN RUSSELL, M.P., on the Abolition of Church Rates; -the Cost of Parliamentary Bishops; and the Appropriation of Cathedral -and Episcopal Property. By RICHARD MOORSOM, Esq. Price 6_d._ - -Rev. Dr. JOYNES' SPEECH AT THE MEETING of the CLERGY at ROCHESTER, on -the 17th of March, to petition against the Bill for abolishing Church -Rates. Price 6_s._ per hundred. - -CHURCH ESTABLISHMENTS AND CHURCH RATES. By GEOFFREY OLDCASTLE. Price -1_s._ - - * * * * * - - -=MEASURES FOR THE SESSION 1837.= - -A cheap edition of WHAT NEXT? or, the Peers and the Third Time of -Asking. Reprinted from the eighth 8vo. Edition. Price 6_d._ or 3_s._ per -dozen. - -"This is a seasonable pamphlet: it shows the nature of our -position--what has been done--what is left to be done--and by what -means alone the last can be accomplished without a national -convulsion."--_Edinburgh Review, Jan._ 1837. - -THE CONSERVATIVE PEERS and THE REFORM MINISTRY. Second Edition. Price -2_s._ 6_d._ - -"An excellent brochure. * * * The whole legislative proceedings of 1836 -are critically examined, and the reason why still further benefits were -not achieved for the people, is explained with a fidelity that points at -once to the guilty parties."--_Kent and Essex Mercury_. THE REFORM -MINISTRY, and THE REFORMED PARLIAMENT. Ninth Edition. Price 2_s._ 6_d._ - - THOUGHTS on the BALLOT--1_s._ - - "Nature has made man's breast no windows - To publish what he does within doors; - Nor what dark secrets there inhabit, - _Unless his own rash folly blab it_." - - _Hudibras, Part II. Canto II._ - -A LETTER to the COERCED ELECTORS of the UNITED KINGDOM. By FRANCIS -KNOWLES, of Park Lane, Ashton. Price 2_s._. per dozen. - -The HONEST BURGESS. A story for the Electors of the United Kingdom. By -WILLIAM ENGLAND. Price 4_s._ per dozen. - -AN INSIGHT INTO THE POLITICAL CHARACTER OF SIR ROBERT PEEL. _Nearly -ready_. Price 1_s._ - -PENDANT to the GLASGOW PEEL BANQUET. Price 6_d._. - -THE RIGHT OF PRIMOGENITURE EXPLAINED. In a Letter to a Friend. By a -YOUNGER BROTHER. Author of "The Rationale of Political Representation." -In 8vo. Price 2_s._ - -HEREDITARY SEATS IN THE HOUSE OF LORDS UNCONSTITUTIONAL EXCEPT BY THE -TENURE OF LAND BARONIES. Price 6_d._ - - * * * * * - - -=ON IRELAND.= - -A FAMILIAR EPISTLE TO MR. SERJEANT JACKSON, M.P. By one of his -Countrymen. Price 2_s._ - -"We defy any reader, English or Irish, to make himself familiar with -this '_Familiar Epistle_,' without conceiving a feeling of the very -deepest contempt for the mingled meanness and effrontery which has -prompted the Tory slander on Lord Mulgrave's Administration of -Ireland."--_Globe, April_ 26. - -OBSERVATIONS ON THE ROMAN CATHOLIC OATH. By a ROMAN CATHOLIC. Price -1_s._ - -IRELAND UNDER LORD MULGRAVE. Third Edition, with Additions. Price 1_s._ - -"We regret we cannot do more at this moment than recommend attention to -this very able and spirited pamphlet. The evidence it presents of the -decrease of crime under a just government is most interesting and most -cheering."--_Examiner_. - -VOICE FROM IRELAND UPON MATTERS OF PRESENT CONCERN, addressed to -Legislators and Ministers of State. By DAN. O'ROURKE, Esq. Price 2_s._ - -"Every Member of Parliament ought to read Mr. O'Rourke's -pamphlet."--_Kent and Essex Mercury_. - -"To his Pamphlet, however, we must direct all who wish to read a -strenuous and eloquent argument."--_Monthly Review, March_ 1. - -SOME OBSERVATIONS upon the PRESENT STATE of IRELAND. By Sir FRANCIS -WORKMAN-MACNAGHTEN, Bart., of Bushmills House, Antrim. Price 2_s._ - -"Sir F. M. professes to belong to neither party in Ireland. * * * The -Baronet however can make home thrusts, and his pamphlet ought to be read -by all who take a deep interest in Ireland's welfare."--_Monthly -Review_. - -NEW LIGHT on the IRISH TITHE BILL; or, the APPROPRIATION CLAUSE -recommended by the Heads of the Irish Church. In a Series of Letters. By -ALIENUS. Price 1_s._ 6_d._ - -"We have been deeply impressed with the force and earnestness of these -Letters."--_Monthly Review, March_. - -PARLIAMENTARY TALK; or, the Objections to the late Irish Church Bill -considered. By a Disciple of SELDEN. Third Edition, with Additions. -Price 2_s._ - -"As may be supposed, the publication from which those masterly passages -are taken has commanded the attention of the best informed political -circles. It is an important service to the good cause."--_Examiner, -January 3_. - -A REMONSTRANCE AGAINST THE CRY OF NO POPERY. By W. TORRENS MCCULLAGH, -Esq. Barrister-at-Law. Second Edition. Price 1_s._ - -CENSUS OF THE POPULATION OF IRELAND, 1835. Abstract of the First Report -of the Commissioners appointed to Inquire into the State of Religious -and other Instruction in Ireland; distinguishing the number of each -religious Sect in every Benefice and Parish; together with some Remarks -in Explanation of the Nature of Parochial Benefices, and of the -Principles on which the taking of the Census was conducted. By WILLIAM -TIGHE HAMILTON, Esq., Barrister-at-Law, one of the Commissioners. In -8vo., price 4_s._ 6_d._ - -REPLY to POPE GREGORY'S late LETTER to the ARCHBISHOPS and BISHOPS of -IRELAND; with a preface, establishing the authenticity of that Document. -Third Edition. Price 2_s._ - -A FEW OBSERVATIONS ON RELIGION AND EDUCATION IN IRELAND. By the Rev. -EDWARD STANLEY, A.M., now Bishop of Norwich. Third Edition, with -Additions. Price 1_s._ - -A VIEW of the STATE of PAUPERISM in IRELAND, its Evils, and its -Remedies. By LAW RAWSTORNE, Esq. Second Edition, with an Appendix. Price -2_s._ - -REMARKS on the BILL for the MORE EFFECTUAL RELIEF of the DESTITUTE POOR -in IRELAND. By PHILO-HIBERNUS. Second Edition, revised and enlarged. -Price 1_s._ - -STRICTURES on the REPORT of GEORGE NICHOLLS, Esq. recommending the -English Workhouse Test System for the Relief of the Poor of Ireland. -Price 2_s._ - -G. POULETT SCROPE, Esq. M.P. on the GOVERNMENT IRISH POOR LAW BILL. -Price 6_d._ - -THE FIRST STEP to a POOR LAW for IRELAND. By H. G. WARD, Esq. M.P. Price -6_d._ - -MR. LESLIE'S FURTHER ILLUSTRATIONS OF THE PRINCIPLES of the ENGLISH POOR -LAW AMENDMENT ACT; and on the proposed extension of that System to -Ireland. Second Edition. Price 6_d._ - -ANCIENT POOR LAWS. An Inquiry as to the provisions for the Poor of -Judea, Athens, and Rome, with a sketch of the English Poor Laws. By T. -D. ROBINSON. Price 1_s._ 6_d._ - -PRACTICAL SUGGESTIONS for AMELIORATING the present system of affording -Medical Relief to Paupers. By W. ADDISON, F.L.S., Surgeon. Price 6_d._ - - * * * * * - - -=FOREIGN AFFAIRS, &c.= - -THE BRITISH AND FOREIGN REVIEW; or, EUROPEAN QUARTERLY JOURNAL, No. -VIII. Price 4_s._ - -CONTENTS:-- - -I.--Colonial Legislation;--Cape of Good Hope. - -II.--Melfort's Impressions of England;--Recollections of an Artillery -Officer. - -III.--Political Press in France. - -IV.--Napoleon's Comments on Cĉsar's Commentaries. - -V.--Municipal Corporations;--Centralisation & Localisation. - -VI.--Cracow. - -VII.--Cooke's Memoirs of Bolingbroke;--Philosophy of Bolingbroke;--Lord -Brougham's Discourse on Natural Theology. - -VIII.--Misgovernment of Ireland. - -IX.--Capture of the Vixen. - -X.--Ballot, Reasons against. - -[***] Vols. I., II., and III. (Nos. 1 to 6), may be had, neatly bound in -half-russia, 11_s._ 6_d._ each. - - * * * * * - - -SIEGE OF BILBOA.--STATE OF SPAIN. - -THE POLICY of ENGLAND towards SPAIN CONSIDERED, chiefly with reference -to "a Review of the Social and Political State of the Basque Provinces, -and a few Remarks on Recent Events in Spain, &c. By an ENGLISH -NOBLEMAN." Third Edition. Price 2_s._ 6_d._ - - "The writer before us has very satisfactorily shown up the many - errors into which Lord Carnarvon had fallen; particularly - concerning the true state of the Basque fueros and privileges; the - Eliot convention and its observance, &c."--_Globe_. - - "A searching examination and a powerful refutation."--_Monthly - Review_. - - * * * * * - - -STATE PAPERS. - -Now ready, price 30_s._ bound in cloth, and lettered. - -BRITISH and FOREIGN STATE PAPERS, 1832-1833, compiled by the "LIBRARIAN -and KEEPER of the PAPERS" at the Foreign Office. - - The Volume since the termination of the War in 1814 will be - reprinted as speedily as possible. The Volumes for 1818-19, - 1819-20, 1828-9, 1829-30, 1830-81, 1831-32, are now ready. - - This publication is intended to comprise the principal Documents - which have been made public, relating to the Political and - Commercial Affairs of Nations, and to their relations with each - other, from the termination of the War in 1814, to the latest - period. - - The Work has, until lately, been printed exclusively for the use of - Government, and of its Diplomatic Agents abroad; but the general - interest attached to these Collections has led to its publication. - - "It is the most important work of reference that has appeared for - many years."--_Times_. - - * * * * * - - -PROTECTION to COMMERCE against the Encroachments of RUSSIA. Fifth -Edition, price 8_d._ - -RUSSIA, in ANSWER to A MANCHESTER MANUFACTURER. - -_CONTENTS_: - -I.--Russia, Turkey, and England. - -II.--Poland, Russia, and England. - -III.--The Balance of Power. - -IV.--Protection of Commerce. - - * * * * * - - -The PEOPLE of RUSSIA, and the POLICY of ENGLAND. In Octavo, 2_s._ 6_d._ - -"* * * giving a masterly sketch of the population of the overgrown -Empire of the Czar."--_Caledonian Mercury._ - -"It gives the reader an insight into the manners, customs, and state of -the people, information which is but very little known."--_Liverpool -Standard._ - - * * * * * - - -The SPEECH of LORD DUDLEY STUART on the POLICY of RUSSIA. Delivered in -the House of Commons, Friday, February 19, 1836. With an Appendix of -Official Documents. - - * * * * * - - -SPEECH OF P. M. STEWART, Esq. M.P. in the House of Commons, on April 20, -1836, in support of his Motion on the subject of the Aggressions of -Russia. - - * * * * * - - -CANADA. Remarks on the Proceedings as to Canada, in the present Session -of Parliament. By one of the Commissioners, 3rd April, 1837. Price 1_s._ - -Also in the Press, - -REASONS for Retaining the Dependence of LOWER CANADA. - - * * * * * - - -Second Edition, with additions, in 8vo. price 2_s._ 6_d._ - -A FEW REMARKS ON OUR FOREIGN POLICY. - -Also, by the same Author, price 1_s._ - -SUPPLEMENTARY REMARKS ON OUR FOREIGN POLICY. - - * * * * * - - -In One Volume 8vo., price 10_s._ - -OPINIONS of the EUROPEAN PRESS on the EASTERN QUESTION. Translated or -Extracted from Turkish, German, French, and English Papers, and Reviews. -By DAVID ROSS, of Bladensburgh, Esq. - - "* * * The papers from the '_Moniteur Ottoman_,' in the volume - before us, would produce no discredit to our English Journals; they - come to us with the strong impress of feeling, and conviction, and - truth. We recommend these papers to the special attention of our - readers, and we repeat our hopes and our wishes, that the whole - contents of this important volume will not remain unexplored by our - fellow countrymen."--_Scots Times_. - - "These translations and extracts consist of some of the best Essays - and Papers that have been written since the commencement of the - year 1835, on the designs of Russia, the conditions and prospects - of Turkey, and the power, as well as duties, belonging to certain - of the great European kingdoms--England especially, to check the - encroachments of the Northern Autocrat. The Editor, from his - preface and notes, seems to have been a resident in Turkey for a - considerable time, and to possess a thorough acquaintance with the - Eastern question. We believe that the works which have been given - to the world, on the Eastern question, by the publishers of the - present volume, have greatly, nay mainly contributed to the - dissemination of sound views on this great subject; nor can we - doubt of those collected translations and extracts, so well chosen - and edited as they are, tending still further to enlighten the mind - and invigorate the arm of England in behalf of freedom and justice, - and to the effectual checking of the despot's ambition."--_Monthly - Review_. - - * * * * * - - -ENGLAND and RUSSIA, being a Fifth Edition of England, France, Russia, -and Turkey, revised and enlarged, 4_s._ 6_d._ boards. - - "The action of Russia on Turkey--the treaty of Adrianople, of - Unkiar Skelessi--the convention of St. Petersburgh, have been so - completely laid bare, in 'England, France, Russia, and Turkey,' - that we need offer no remark on the subject; no attempt has been - made to controvert any of its positions; no doubt seems even to - remain as to their truth. That essay is too succinct to admit of - useful citation; it cannot be analysed, because it is itself a - condensed analysis of an overwhelming subject. We must content - ourselves with urging it on our reader's attention."--_British and - Foreign Review_, No. I. - - "The effect of this publication on opinion in England, is, perhaps - unparalleled. The question interests now, because rendered - intelligible."--_Foreign Quarterly Review_, No. XXX. - - * * * * * - - -The SULTAN MAHMOUD, and MEHEMET ALI PACHA, by the Author of _England, -France, Russia, and Turkey_. Third Edition. 2_s._ - - -EASTERN AFFAIRS.--A STATEMENT of FACTS. By A RESIDENT AT CONSTANTINOPLE. -8vo. Second Edition. 1_s._ 6_d._ - - "... And a clearer or more incontrovertible statement as to the - present posture of affairs in the East was certainly never penned. - It is evidently the production of a man who has not only been a - long time in Turkey, but has lived there under auspices which gave - him access to the most infallible sources of information."--_Times, - Oct_. 1. - - * * * * * - - -A SUMMARY of the HISTORY of the EAST INDIA COMPANY, From the Grant of -their First Charter, by Queen Elizabeth, to the present period. By -CAPTAIN THORNTON, R.N. 8vo. 7_s._ boards. - - "It may be used as a manual by all parties. It is a succinct - collection of materials for information and discussion. The details - of the Burmese War are from the original memoranda and - recollections of the Author, who was present in it."--_Asiatic - Journal_. - - * * * * * - - -=JOINT-STOCK BANKS.= - -In Octavo, 2_s._ - -THOUGHTS upon the PRINCIPLES of BANKS, and the Wisdom of Legislative -Interference. - - "The late multiplication of banking companies in both parts of the - United Kingdom, an event by which many people have been much - alarmed, instead of diminishing, increases the security of the - public."--_Adam Smith_. - - * * * * * - - -Third Edition. With the late PRESSURE on the MONEY MARKET, 2_s._ 6_d._ - -An EXAMINATION of the REPORT on JOINT-STOCK BANKS. Third Edition. With -an Account of the late Pressure in the Money Market, and Embarrassment -of the Northern and Central Bank of England. By T. JOPLIN. Third -Edition. - - This pamphlet was recommended to the attention of the House by the - Chancellor of the Exchequer, in his speech of the 6th instant, as - follows:--"Before I sit down, I am anxious to call the attention of - the House to a very interesting document which I hold in my hand. - It is published to the world in the shape of a Commentary on the - Report of the Committee which had sat upon this subject last - session," &c. - - * * * * * - - -Second Edition. Price 2_s._ 6_d._ - -SPEECH of WILLIAM CLAY, Esq., M.P., on moving for the appointment of a -Committee to inquire into the Operation of the Act permitting the -Establishment of JOINT-STOCK BANKS; to which are added, Reflections on -Limited Liability, Paid-up Capital, and Publicity of Accounts, as -applied to such Associations: with some Remarks on an Article on -Joint-Stock Companies, in the last Number of the _Edinburgh Review_. - - "We are thus particular in enumerating the contents of this - well-timed publication, because we are desirous that it should be - referred to by such of our readers as feel particular interest in - monetary affairs, at the earliest moment."--_Constitutional, Oct_. - 19. - - * * * * * - - -REPORT of the COMMITTEE of the HOUSE of COMMONS on JOINT-STOCK BANKS, -August 20, 1836. Price 6_d._ - - * * * * * - - -THE BANK CHARTER. - -A DIGEST of the EVIDENCE before the SECRET COMMITTEE of the HOUSE of -COMMONS, in 1832, on the Renewal of the BANK of ENGLAND CHARTER; -arranged, together with the Tables, under proper heads, with Strictures, -&c. By THOMAS JOPLIN. 1 vol. 8vo. 14_s._ - - "Thus the Report is not only much abridged, without the omission of - any essential fact, but it is reduced to a methodical form, and - rendered of easy reference."--_Times, March_ 25. - - * * * * * - - -REFLECTIONS on the APPROACHING CRISIS, Silver Standard, and Local -Acceptances. By a MAN OF STRAW. 6_d._ - - * * * * * - - -=CURRENCY AND CORN QUESTIONS.= - -AN ANALYSIS and HISTORY of the CURRENCY QUESTION. With the Origin and -Growth of Joint-Stock Banking in England, &c. By THOMAS JOPLIN. 8_s._ -6_d._ - - "It contains such a masterly exposition of the Currency Question, - in all its shapes and bearings, and is conveyed to the reader in so - comprehensive a form, that the task of perusing it is anything but - that which is generally apprehended by those who are desirous of - perfectly understanding this important subject."--_Mark Lane - Express_. - - * * * * * - - -The CURRENCY QUESTION in a Nut Shell. 4_d._ - - * * * * * - - -AN ARGUMENT against the GOLD STANDARD; with an Examination of the -Principles of the Modern Economists--Theory of Rent--Corn Laws, &c. &c. -Addressed to the Landlords of England. By D. G. LUBÈ, M.A. Trinity -College, Dublin, and of Lincoln's Inn, Barrister at Law. 5_s._ boards. - - "Money is an universal commodity, and as necessary to Trade as food - is to life."--_Locke_. - - * * * * * - - -PAPER MONEY, BANKING, and OVER TRADING; with the Scotch System of -Banking explained. By the Right Hon. Sir HENRY PARNELL, Bart. M.P. New -Edition. 5_s._ 6_d._ boards. - - * * * * * - - -THE POWER of the BANK of ENGLAND, and the Use it has made of it; with a -Refutation of the Objections made to the Scotch System of Banking; and a -Reply to the "Historical Sketch of the Bank of England." Second Edition. -2_s._ 6_d._ - - * * * * * - - -INFLUENCE of the PUBLIC DEBT on the PROSPERITY of the COUNTRY. By M. B. -2_s._ - - * * * * * - - -The REVENUE and the EXPENDITURE of the UNITED KINGDOM. By SAMUEL WELLS, -Barrister-at-Law. 8vo. 15_s._ cloth. - - "A truly able and useful work."--_Morning Herald_. - - "A work of much skill and merit, coupled with great labour and - research."--_Gentleman's Magazine_. - - * * * * * - - -CORN and CURRENCY; in an Address to the Landowners. By the Right Hon. -Sir JAMES GRAHAM, Bart. M.P. New Edition. 4_s._ 6_d._ - - * * * * * - - -EARL FITZWILLIAM'S FIRST AND SECOND ADDRESSES TO LANDOWNERS ON THE CORN -LAWS. New Editions. 1_s._ 6_d._ - - * * * * * - - -CORN LAWS COMPLETE TO 1833. - -A COMPENDIUM of the LAWS passed from time to time for regulating and -restricting the Importation, Exportation, and Consumption of Foreign -Corn, from 1660; and a series of Accounts, from the date of the earliest -Official Records, showing the operation of the several Statutes, the -Average Prices of Corn, &c. &c. Presenting a complete View of the Corn -Trade of Great Britain, compiled from Public Documents, and brought down -to the present time. Fifth Edition. 5_s._ - - * * * * * - - -FREE TRADE in CORN, the Real Interest of the Landlord, and the True -Policy of the State. By a CUMBERLAND LAND-OWNER. Second Edition. 2_s._ -6_d._ - - * * * * * - - -AN INQUIRY into the EXPEDIENCY of the EXISTING RESTRICTIONS on the -IMPORTATION of FOREIGN CORN; with Observations on the Present Social and -Political Prospects of Great Britain. By JOHN BARTON. 3_s._ 6_d._ - - * * * * * - - - Key to Agricultural Prosperity. In 229 closely printed 8vo. pages. - Price 3_s._ 6_d._ - -STATE and PROSPECTS of BRITISH AGRICULTURE; being a Compendium of the -Evidence given before a Committee of the House of Commons, appointed in -1836, to inquire into Agricultural Distress. With a few Introductory -Observations. By a MEMBER OF PARLIAMENT. - - "We can confidently recommend this publication to our readers as a - most useful compendium of the Evidence, much of it highly curious, - taken before the Agricultural Committee; and we trust it will be - extensively circulated throughout the country."--_Chronicle, March - 31._ - - * * * * * - - -REMARKS on the PRESENT STATE of AGRICULTURE; in a Letter to his -Constituents. By CHARLES SHAW LEFEVRE, Esq., M.P., Chairman of the -Select Committee appointed to inquire into the State of Agriculture, -Session 1836. Eleventh Edition, 1_s._ 6_d._ - - [***] An Edition is printed for purposes of general distribution, - at 3_s._ per dozen, or 24_s._ per hundred. - - * * * * * - - - Second Edition. 4_s._ cloth. - -PRACTICAL FARMING AND GRAZING, with Observations on the Breeding and -Feeding of Sheep and Cattle; on Rents and Tithes; on the Maintenance and -Employment of Agricultural Labourers; on the Poor Law Amendment Act; and -on other subjects connected with Agriculture. By C. HILLYARD, Esq. -President of the Northamptonshire Farming and Grazing Society. - - * * * * * - - -NEW SERIES. - -With a Fine Portrait of an Italian Bull, by Thomas Landseer, 3_s._ - -THE BRITISH FARMER'S MAGAZINE (QUARTERLY), No. I. of Vol. I. (New -Series) for April. - -CONTENTS: - -Mr. S. Taylor, on the manufacture of Beet-root Sugar in France. On the -use of Chalk as Manure--Mr. Donaldson's Observations on the causes which -retard the Advancement of Agriculture--On Gypsum as a Manure--Mr. -Towers, on the Improvement of Agriculture--Mr. Taylor, in Reply to Mr. -Donbavand--Extracts from the Diary of a late eminent Agriculturist--On -Manures, their Use and Composition--On Beet-Root Sugar--On Land -Draining--Mr. Gray, on the Statistic History of 1836--Liverpool -Agricultural Society's Third Annual Ploughing Match--Remarks on -the Management of an Essex Farm--Mr. Stent, on the Failure of -the Potato Crop--Two Months at Kilkee--Mr. Percivall, on the -Epidemics of 1836--Norfolk Quarterly Report--General Report for -England--Miscellaneous. - - "The practical and inquiring farmer can have no better manual of - reference than this useful publication, which treats on subjects - connected with all the various branches of Agriculture." - - [***] A few complete sets of the first Series in 10 vols. have been - perfected, and may now be had neatly half-bound, 17_s._ 6_d._ each - vol. - -No. II. will be published on July 1, 1837. - - * * * * * - - -=MISCELLANEOUS WORKS=. - -New Edition, in Two small Volumes, 12_s._ - -LORD COLLINGWOOD'S MEMOIRS AND CORRESPONDENCE, PUBLIC and PRIVATE. By G. -L. NEWNHAM COLLINGWOOD, Esq. F.R.S. Fifth Edition. In the Press. - - "The portrait of one English worthy more is now secured to - posterity."--_Quarterly Review._ - - "We do not know when we have met with so delightful a book as this, - or one with which we are so well pleased with ourselves for being - delighted. Its attraction consists almost entirely in its moral - beauty."--_Edinburgh Review._ - - "Having thus referred to Lord Collingwood's Life, I may be allowed - to say that the publication of that volume is indeed a national - good; it ought to be in every officer's cabin, and in every - statesman's cabinet."--_Southey's Life of Lord Nelson_, New - Edition, p. 348. - - * * * * * - - -MR. CANNING. - -The SPEECHES of the RIGHT HONOURABLE GEORGE CANNING, corrected and -revised by himself, with Memoirs of his Life; illustrated by a fine -Portrait, Fac-similes of his Hand Writing, a Plate exhibitive of his -mode of correcting and revising his Speeches, &c. in two important -passages in the celebrated one on Portugal. Six vols. 8vo. Third -Edition. £.3 12_s._ - - The late Right Hon. W. Huskisson, in a Letter to the Editor, - alluding to the Work, says, "It is a Work which is destined to - convey to posterity the remains of his splendid talents as an - orator--to exhibit his principles as a statesman--and to show with - what energy and success he carried those principles into execution - as a Minister of the Crown." - - * * * * * - - -LORD BROUGHAM. - -In One Volume, 8vo. 7_s._ 6_d._ boards. - -SELECTIONS from the SPEECHES and WRITINGS of the Right Hon. HENRY, LORD -BROUGHAM, with a Brief Sketch of his LIFE. - - "The Memoir, which precedes these Selections, seems to be more - complete than any we have hitherto met with, and contains many - interesting particulars."--_Literary Guardian._ - - "We have no doubt that the present will be a very acceptable Volume - to a large class of readers."--_Examiner._ - - * * * * * - - -THE LIBERTY OF THE PRESS, &c. - -THE SPEECHES of the HONOURABLE THOMAS (afterwards LORD) ERSKINE, when at -the Bar, on subjects connected with the Liberty of the Press, and -against Constructive Treason. 5 vols. 8vo. 2_l._ 10_s._ - - "We take the opinion of the country, and of every part of the world - where the language is understood, to be that of the most unbounded - admiration of these exquisite specimens of judicial oratory, and of - great obligations to the Editor of the collection."--_Edin. Rev._ - Vol. XIX. - - * * * * * - - -PARLIAMENTARY MANUAL FOR THE YEAR 1837; containing the Present and Last -Parliaments, Authentic Results of the various Polls in England, Wales, -Scotland, and Ireland; and a Summary of the Act 2 William IV. cap 45, to -Amend the Representation of the People in England and Wales; Forms of -Lists and Notices, &c. Also a List of the Changes in Administration, -from the commencement of the present century; a summary Account of the -Duties of the great Officers of State; a Table of the duration of the -several Parliaments, from Henry VIII. to the present time; a List of -those places which formerly sent Members to Parliament; a List of the -Deaths of the principal Personages since 1799; and a complete Abstract -of the Election Laws. 3_s._ boards. - - * * * * * - - -The PEERAGE of the UNITED KINGDOM, with the ARMS of the PEERS. Published -annually, and Corrected to the latest period. 7_s._ 6_d._ bds. - - * * * * * - - -The BARONETAGE of the UNITED KINGDOM, with the ARMS of the BARONETS. -Published annually, and Corrected to the latest period. 7_s._ 6_d._ -boards. - - [***] Possessors of old editions of Debrett's, and other Peerages - or Baronetages, require only those Works to render them correct. - - * * * * * - - - In a small Volume, 5_s._ 6_d._ cloth, or 6_s._ bound, gilt leaves. - -THE COURT AND COUNTRY COMPANION, containing the most authentic TABLES of -PRECEDENCE among all British Ranks and Departments, both Male and -Female. Also, Directions for Epistolary Correspondence, with Forms of -Addresses, Memorials, and Petitions: together with Instructions for -Presentations at Court, and for attending Royal Levees and Drawing -Rooms. - - "Messrs. Ridgway and Sons have conferred an obligation upon the - public by publishing their Court and Country Companion."--_Court - Journal._ - - "This little publication will be found to be of very great utility - in the every day business of civilized life; as every one, of - whatever rank in society she or he may be, may derive correctness - and advantage in using it as a _vade mecum_." - - * * * * * - - -PHENOMENA OF THE EARTH. - -In One Volume, post 8vo. 427 pages, with two Plates, 7_s._ - -THE REVOLUTIONS OF THE GLOBE FAMILIARLY DESCRIBED: By ALEXANDER -BERTRAND, M.D. &c. &c. &c. - - The above work, it is hoped, will prove to the general reader in - this department of science what Dr. Lindley's "Ladies' Botany" is - doing for that delightful pursuit. - - "'The Revolutions of the Globe,' by Dr. Bertrand, is one of the - most agreeable we have met with. The object of the Author is to - convey to the idlest and least learned reader an idea of the - wonders of Geology. To accomplish his intention in a manner which - requires the easiest, and admits with propriety of the most - trifling mode of treatment, he addresses his nineteen letters to a - lady. This matter consists of the striking facts of Geology, rather - than of a view of the principles, or a statement of the evidence, - on which they rest. His manner of discussion will be best shown by - some specimens. The surface of the globe is not a new subject; yet - see how interesting our author makes it."--_Spectator, January 31._ - - * * * * * - - -THE MOSAIC DELUGE. MR. GEORGE FAIRHOLME'S New and conclusive Natural -Demonstrations both of the Fact and Period of the Mosaic Deluge, and of -its having been the only event of the kind that has ever occurred upon -the Earth; illustrated by numerous Wood-cuts, &c., executed in the best -manner, will be published early in May, in 1 vol. 8vo. - - * * * * * - - -THE CARTOONS OF RAPHAEL. - - Second Edition, in 8vo. 8_s._ 6_d._ cloth boards. - -CARTONENSIA; or an Historical and Critical Account of the Tapestries in -the Vatican; copied from the designs of Raphael of Urbino, and of such -of the Cartoons whence they were woven, as are now in preservation. With -Notes and Illustrations. To which are subjoined, Remarks on the Causes -which retard the progress of the higher departments of Paintings in this -country. By the Rev. W. GUNN, B.D. Second Edition, with Additions. - - "Mr. Gunn's commentary upon this beautiful production (the - Nativity) is well written, and contains canons of criticism which - we conceive to be in the most correct taste.... Indeed we would - strongly recommend 'Cartonensia' to general attention. It bears - about it all the marks of a liberal and accomplished mind, - cordially devoted to the prosperity of the fine arts; and we trust - that its criticisms, founded, as they generally are, in good sense, - and always elegantly expressed, will exercise a salutary influence - upon the public taste."--_Monthly Review._ - - "In dismissing this work, we would recommend it most cordially to - our friends. The artist will find much information, coupled with - much admirable advice, in its pages, while the general reader will - be amused with its details, and instructed by the remarks, both - historical and theological, which he will meet with in perusing it. - Mr. Gunn is a man of much critical acumen, softened down and - polished by his gentlemanly feelings, and amiable spirit; and we - think that few will arise from his book without sensations of - gratitude for his labours in its compilation, and of satisfaction - for the information he so pleasingly communicates."--_Arnold's - Magazine of the Fine Arts_. - - * * * * * - - -_Mr. Forbes's new Work on Horticulture._ - -HORTICULTURAL TOUR THROUGH GERMANY, BELGIUM, and FRANCE, in 1836. By -JAMES FORBES, F.H.S. &c., Author of "HORTUS WOBURNENSIS; or, THE GARDENS -AND GROUNDS OF WOBURN ABBEY." In royal and demy 8vo. - - * * * * * - - -NEW POEM. - -In 8vo. 6_s._ 6_d._, cloth boards. - -ALFRED THE GREAT. A Poem. By G. L. NEWNHAM COLLINGWOOD, Esq., Editor of -the '_Life and Correspondence of Admiral Lord Collingwood._' - - "At any other time than the present, when the tide of literary - taste is running against poetry of the severely heroic character, - the appearance of such a work as 'Alfred the Great' would have - excited a general interest, and ensured the author a high place - among the writers of his country. * * * We may add that the - interest of the poem never flags, and has the additional merit of - keeping pace with the progress of the story from its commencement - to its conclusion."--_New Monthly Mag., August 1._ - - * * * * * - - -THE HON. and REV. WILLIAM HERBERT'S NEW WORK, ON AMARYLLIDACEĈ. -Illustrated by numerous Plates, coloured and plain, with a Treatise on -HYBRID VEGETABLES subjoined, may be certainly expected in the course of -the present month. 1 vol. royal 8vo. 1_l._ 5_s._; or coloured 1_l._ -18_s._ - - * * * * * - - -PERSONAL SAFETY FROM LIGHTNING, &c. 1_s._ - -Directions for ensuring Personal Safety during storms of Thunder and -Lightning; and for the right application of Conductors to Houses and -other Buildings. By JOHN LEIGH, Esq. Third Edition. With the -Instructions of the Humane Society. - - "The whole of the little tract being of that plain, sensible, and - accurate character, as particularly to enlighten not only the - ignorant peasant, but the public in general, as to the best - ascertained means of escaping destruction, or damage, from thunder - storms."--_Monthly Review, May 1._ - - * * * * * - - - Third Edition, with a Plate and two Diagrams. 1_s._ or 1_s._ 6_d._ - bound and gilt. - -WHAT IS A COMET, PAPA? or, a familiar Description of Comets; more -particularly HALLEY'S COMET. To which is prefixed, a CONCISE -ACCOUNT OF THE OTHER HEAVENLY BODIES. By ROSINA MARIA ZORNLIN. - - "A timely question, answered after the German fashion, by telling - plainly, 'all, how, and about it.' The first, a conversation among - a family of clever children, the boy relating the leading truths of - Astronomy to his sisters, while they are waiting the return of - their parents: the second part is papa's own account of the passing - Comet, in answer to the question which forms the title. Both are - very well done, and the authoress deserves great credit for the - thought and its realization."--_Atlas, August 28._ - -Also, by the same Author, - -THE SOLAR ECLIPSE; or, The Two Almanacs; containing more Inquiries in -Astronomy. Plate and Diagrams, 1_s._; or 1_s._ 6_d._ bound and coloured. - - "Just the sort of book we love to put into the hands of young - persons. It invites them to inquiry, and makes them laudably - curious. There is in this little work much valuable information, - both on the solar system and on Comets, which, just now, will be - peculiarly attractive."--_London Journal._ - - "There are editions on common paper which may be had for a trifle, - and one of which should be in every family within the nation, where - ignorance or children may be found. We cannot conceive of any means - by which the majesty and power of the Almighty is to be so easily - and forcibly impressed upon the uninformed mind, as by putting this - little tract into the hands of such. That must be a heartless and - wicked parent, who will not enjoy the earnestness and ingenuity of - the thousand interrogatories that will thereafter be innocently - proposed by the same inquirer."--_Monthly Review._ - - * * * * * - - -THE YOUNG HORSEWOMAN'S COMPENDIUM OF THE MODERN ART OF RIDING. - -In progressive Lessons; designed to give a secure and graceful seat on -Horseback; at the same time so effectually to form the Hand, that, in a -short time, perfect command of the Horse may be obtained. By EDWARD -STANLEY; with illustrative plates, 10_s._ bds. - - "But we have said enough of this Manual, and have only to add that - it is a very sensible and judicious publication."--_Literary - Gazette._ - - * * * * * - - -THE ENGLISH RACE HORSE. - -A TREATISE ON THE CARE, TREATMENT, AND TRAINING OF THE ENGLISH RACE -HORSE; with important Details applicable to bettering the Condition of -Horses in general. By R. DARVILL, V.S. to the Seventh Hussars. -Illustrated by plates. Vols. I. and II. 8vo. £1. 1_s._ each. - -[***] The Third and concluding Volume is in the Press, and will shortly -be published, together with a Second Edition of _Vol. I_. - - "Never before was such a book written in any language, so replete - with those minute but indispensable particulars of practice; and by - a writer who has personally performed his part throughout the whole - of the practice. This is the true book of reference for every stud - and training groom, and every jockey."--Vide _Lawrence on the - Horse_, p. 297; also, _The Sporting Magazine and British Farmer's - Magazine._ - - * * * * * - - -GROUSE, PARTRIDGE, and PHEASANT SHOOTING. - -Post Octavo, 8_s._ 6_d._ - -THE OAKLEIGH SHOOTING CODE; containing 222 chapters relative to shooting -Grouse, Partridges, Pheasants, &c. By THOMAS OAKLEIGH, Esq., with -numerous Notes. Edited by the Author of _Nights at Oakleigh Old Manor -Hall._ - - "We would advise all our sporting friends to buy this admirable - digest, the first time they see it in any bookseller's shop; - or--why--as well order it at once. It is the best thing of the kind - extant."--_Chambers's Edinburgh Journal._ - - "We have scarcely ever met with a volume containing so much light - reading, and at the same time such a fund of instruction and - practical advice to sportsmen, as the one now before us." * * - _Wigan Gazette, Oct. 14._ - - "Two hundred and twenty chapters of very useful hints."--_Atlas._ - - "Since the publication of Daniel's _Rural Sports_ we have seen - nothing worthy to be compared with the canons or the _Oakleigh - Code_."--_Essex Mercury._ - - "Containing such a mass of information relative to shooting, that - it ought to be in every sportsman's hands. Who would not wish to - spend a week at the ancient and hospitable hall of the worthy 'Tom - Oakleigh?'"--_Chambers's Edinburgh Journal, Sept. 10._ - - * * * "Timely, therefore, is the appearance of _Oakleigh Shooting - Code_; a manual for the tyro, and a book of reference to the - veteran sportsman, who, though he may sneer at 'book-shooting,' as - old farmers do at 'book-farming,' may yet condescend to pick up - some useful hints in its pages." * * "It bears internal evidence of - being the production of a real sportsman--one who has gleaned his - knowledge from experience, who tests the value of theory by - practice, and who, to a scientific acquaintance with his subject - adds a hearty enthusiasm for the sport."--_Spectator._ - - * * * * * - - -PRISON DISCIPLINE. - -CHARGE of the RECORDER to the GRAND JURY of the City of Worcester, -delivered at the last Epiphany Sessions. Published at the Request of the -Magistracy and Council of the City. 2_s._ - - * * * * * - - -In 8vo. with an Illustrated Title, Price 15_s._ cloth boards. - -LAOCOON; an Essay on the relative limits of Poetry and Painting; -translated from the Original German of GOTTHOLD EPHRAIM LESSING, by -WILLIAM ROSS, late Professor of Painting and Sculpture in the -Andersonian University, Glasgow. - - "We believe that this work is justly considered to have been - Lessing's _coup d'essai_; and certainly, as translated by Mr. Ross, - it is one of the most graceful and elegant pieces we ever perused. - Its canons of criticism too, we cannot but feel, are the result of - the profoundest reflection and most refined taste, being admirably - calculated to enlighten the Critic, and to facilitate the studies - of the Artist."--_Monthly Review._ - - "A very elegant version of a beautiful critical essay, which has - originated some of the finest views of Art."--_Literary Gazette._ - - "Lessing, if still living, might feel cause to rejoice at the - exhibition of his treatise in a dress so likely to preserve its - value. The original notes show a refined taste and correct - judgment."--_New Monthly Magazine, Sept. 1836._ - - * * * * * - - -SKETCHES in GREECE and TURKEY, with the Present Condition & Future -Prospects of the Turkish Empire. 8vo. 9_s._ 6_d._ - - "This is a charming Volume, for it embraces both the useful and the - beautiful." * *--_Spectator._ - - * * * * * - - -RECORD COMMISSION. Price 2_s._ 6_d._ - -REPORT of the SELECT COMMITTEE of the HOUSE OF COMMONS, appointed to -inquire into the MANAGEMENT and AFFAIRS of the RECORD COMMISSION, with -Illustrative Notes; and Remarks on the Secretary's (C. P. Cooper) -attempted alteration of his Evidence. - - * * * * * - - -The FACTORY QUESTION and the TEN HOURS' BILL. By ROBERT HYDE -GREG, Esq. 3_s._ - - This pamphlet contains a concise history of Factory Legislation - down to the present time, with copious extracts from the Evidence - and Reports of the Factory Commissioners of 1833, and from the - various reports, to the Secretary of State, of the Factory - Inspectors since that period. It enters fully into the argument of - the comparative healthiness of factory employment, and into the - policy of further curtailing the hours of labour. It contains also - the most recent and authentic information respecting the progress - of foreign manufactures--the quantity produced by the machinery in - the continental and American cotton mills, compared with those of - England; and it shows the precarious tenure on which the cotton - manufacture of this country is at present held. - - * * * * * - - -In the Press. In Octavo, 3_s._ 6_d._ - -An HISTORICAL ACCOUNT of the UNIVERSITY of CAMBRIDGE, and its COLLEGES. -By B. D. WALSH, M.A., Fellow of Trinity College. - - Contents:--Introduction--The "_Must Not_" Argument against a - Commission--The "_Need Not_" Argument--The University prior to the - Colleges--The Hostels--Religious Tests not anciently exacted--The - Office of Chancellor--The Senate--The College of Tribunes, called - the "Capul," and their "Veto"--The Innovations and Usurpations of - the Heads of Colleges upon the University, in the various offices - of 1. High Steward; 2. Vice Chancellor; 3. The Proctors; 4. The - Taxors; 5. Scrutators; 6. The Bedells; 7. The Guardians and - Auditors of the Public Chest; 8. The Public Orator; 9. The - Registry; 10. The Barnaby Lectures; 11. The M. P.'s University - Lectures; System of Compulsory Lectures; Ancient Disputations; - Modern Examinations; Degrees; Introduction of Modern Sciences into - the Examinations; The Colleges; Their Tutors; Their Lecturers; - Fellows; Compulsory Holy Order; Ridiculous Absurdities in Statutes, - sworn to by all, &c. &c. - - * * * * * - - -FREE and SAFE GOVERNMENT, traced from the Origin and Principles of the -British Constitution. By a CUMBERLAND LAND-OWNER, Author of -_Free Trade in Corn, &c._ 1 vol. 8_s._ bds. - - * * * * * - - -SOME REMARKS ON THE PRESENT STUDIES AND MANAGEMENT OF ETON SCHOOL. By a -PARENT. Fifth Edition. 1_s._ - - * * * * * - - -=NEW WORKS ON BOTANY=. - -Dr. LINDLEY'S BOTANICAL REGISTER; or, ORNAMENTAL FLOWER GARDEN AND -SHRUBBERY. Publishing the first of every month, price 4_s._ - -Each Number contains eight finely-coloured Portraits, from life, of the -handsomest Flowering Plants and Shrubs grown in this country, -accompanied by their History, Treatment in Cultivation, Propagation, &c. - -No. V. of Vol. X., New Series, was published May 1, 1837. - -The previous Volumes may be had separately, £.2 9_s._ each. - -[***] All the Numbers which were out of print are now re-printed. - - "This Series, placed under the superintendence of Professor - Lindley, comes forth with increased splendour of illustration, and - increased accuracy of description. The present number contains many - plants and shrubs, of extreme beauty, delineated and coloured, so - as almost to rival the tints of nature, and bestow perpetuity on - her loveliest, yet most transitory, productions. The letter-press, - in addition to the ordinary information, as to the habits, mode of - culture, and organization of the plant, occasionally introduces - points of vegetable physiology, or observations respecting its - economical uses, which possess much interest."--_Athenĉum._ - - "The Botanical Register, from containing most or all of the new - plants introduced by the Horticultural Society, from the great care - with which its plates are executed, and the judicious remarks on - culture and general habit, by Dr. Lindley, is, in consequence, the - superior publication."--_Loudon's Magazine of Botany, &c._ - - "Too much praise cannot be bestowed upon this - work."--_Horticultural Cabinet._ - - * * * * * - - -LADIES BOTANY. In Two Volumes. By Dr. LINDLEY, Editor of the _Botanical -Register, Fossil Flora of Great Britain, &c. &c._ Third Edition. 8vo. -Vol. I, with numerous illustrative plates, 16_s._, and finely coloured, -25_s._ - - "We consider it quite needless to recommend this work: it must find - its way into the library of every lady, and it ought to be in the - coat pocket of every young gardener."--_Gardener's Magazine._ - - "Let it be known--let it be introduced into every library, - reading-room, and seminary throughout Britain; let it become the - class-book of botanical study."--_Horticultural Register._ - -The Second Volume, which will complete the work, will be published in -May. - - * * * * * - - -Second Edition. One Volume, royal 8vo. with Eighteen coloured Plates. -21_s._ cloth boards. - -ROSARUM MONOGRAPHIA; or, a BOTANICAL HISTORY of ROSES. To which is -added, an Appendix for the Use of Cultivators, in which the most -remarkable Garden Varieties are systematically arranged; with Nineteen -Plates, Eighteen beautifully coloured. By JOHN LINDLEY, Ph.D. F.L.S. -R.S. &c. &c. - - * * * * * - - -Dedicated to the Patrons and Patronesses of Village Schools. - -A CATECHISM of GARDENING, intended for the use of Village Schools and -Cottagers, containing plain and brief Directions for cultivating every -kind of Vegetable in common use. By an old Practitioner. Second Edition, -enlarged, 1_s._ 6_d._ - - "This is a cheap little work, and far better adapted for its avowed - purpose than any of the tracts which have preceded it. The small - type and closely-printed page of the Catechism show that the author - is perfectly serious in his wish to extend a knowledge of - Horticulture to the humblest classes of society."--_Loudon's - Gardener's Magazine._ - - "This is not only a useful, but a cheap publication, and - excellently adapted for its purpose."--_Analyst._ - - * * * * * - - -GARDENS and GROUNDS of WOBURN ABBEY. Illustrated by numerous Views, -Plans, &c. One Vol. Medium 8vo. 21_s._ - -HORTUS WOBURNENSIS; a DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE, comprising Generic and -Specific Character, Colour of the Flower, Native Country, Year of -Introduction, Soil, and Mode of Propagation, of upwards of SIX THOUSAND -of the finest Ornamental PLANTS and SHRUBS, both Exotic and Indigenous, -for the Decoration of the British Flower Garden, Greenhouse, Plant -Stove, &c.; with an Account of the Routine of Culture pursued in the -Forcing Department throughout the Year, a List of the Fruits cultivated; -including short Treatises on the Management of the superior Fruits, -Vegetables, &c. together with Designs for the Erection of Forcing -Houses, Melon, and Culinary Pits, and a mode of heating by Hot Water -Pipes, by which a genial steady Heat is produced, with a great Saving of -Fuel, and the Houses left with perfect safety, for full fifteen hours, -at even 28 degrees of Frost, Fahrenheit. By JAMES FORBES, -A.L.S. C.M. H.S. &c., Principal Gardener at Woburn Abbey. - - _A few Copies are printed on Royal Paper, for such of the Nobility - as may desire them. Proofs_, 2_l._ 2_s_. _Ditto, coloured_, 2_l._ - 12_s._ 6_d._ - - "The plan of this Work is good. The objects of cultivation, the - routine of cropping, the periods of forcing fruits and flowers, and - the hothouses employed for such purposes, are nearly the same in - all large gardens; and a well-digested and accurate account of what - is found most useful or beautiful in one, will serve as a rule of - practice in nearly all the others. The Duke of Bedford's Garden is - one of the best in England, and Mr. Forbes is one of the most - experienced Gardeners; so that a better model, or a better man, - could hardly be found, to illustrate the most efficient plans which - are followed in the management of horticultural affairs in England - * * * We can recommend Mr. Forbes's Work to our gardening - Friends."--_Athenĉum._ - - * * * * * - - -FRUIT AND FRUIT TREES. - -Second Edition, in One Volume, price 6_s._ - -THE FRUIT CULTIVATOR. By JOHN ROGERS, Nurseryman, formerly of the Royal -Gardens. - - "Directions are given for planting, pruning, training, the - formation of Fruit-Tree Borders, and Orchards, the gathering and - storing of Fruit; in a word, every thing which can be desired is - handled in a plain instructive manner, in such a way as a practical - man alone is capable of doing it."--_Irish Farmer's and Gardener's - Magazine._ - - "It remains only to say, that we think Mr. Rogers has here produced - a most valuable practical work, which deserves to be in universal - use; and which adds to its other recommendation that of - cheapness."--_Gardener's Magazine._ - - * * * * * - - -_Printed by T. Brettell, Printer, Rupert Street, Haymarket._ - - - Transcriber's Notes - - Several punctuation errors have been repaired and are not listed here. - Apostrophes within capitalised Latin names should be regarded as - highlighting accented syllables: e.g. "CE'REUS" - -Corrected typos: - - Page 6: "whieh" changed to "which" (which has been grown here for - several years) - Page 7: "Flotbeck" changed to "Flottbeck" (On my return from this - place to Flottbeck) - Page 15: "cultivaed" changed to "cultivated" (I never before saw so - many plants cultivated) - Page 28: "cieling" changed to "ceiling" (dome and cove ceiling) - Page 30: "forms" changed to "formed" (eight round columns, formed) - Page 30: "receses" changed to "recesses" (Arched recesses) - Page 47: "Plauean" changed to "Plauen" (Plauen, where we arrived) - Page 59 and 63: "cielings" changed to "ceilings" (with gilt ceilings) - Page 74: "inintelligent" changed to "intelligent" (a very intelligent - man) - Page 77: "uuquestionably" changed to "unquestionably" (unquestionably - well worth the stranger's visit) - Page 85: "pelarganiums" changed to "pelargoniums" (pelargoniums and - dahlias) - Page 88: "castelated" changed to "castellated" (old castellated ruins) - Page 95: "popula-" changed to "population" (has a population of) - Page 96: "cieling" changed to "ceiling" (highly ornamented on the - ceiling) - Page 103: "parellel" changed to "parallel" (smaller avenues parallel - to them) - Page 110: "acccompany" changed to "accompany" (to send their gardener - to accompany me) - Page 114: "workmanhsip" changed to "workmanship" (a most beautiful - specimen of workmanship) - Page 115: "Vennus" changed to "Vennius" (Lazarus rising from the - dead, by Otto Vennius) - Page 122: "airrved" changed to "arrived" (we arrived at Malines) - Page 127: "Grande Bretage" changed to "Grande Bretagne" - Page 131: "Succulent[oe]" changed to "Succulentĉ" - Page 131: "curvilenear" changed to "curvilinear" (The curvilinear - iron bar) - Page 136: Repeated word "at" removed (The gardener was not at home) - Page 162: "Hamburg" changed to "Hamburgh" - Page 163: "Darmsdadt" changed to "Darmstadt" - Page 162: "Luxemberg" changed to "Luxemburg" (Luxemburg Gardens) - Page 163: "Nursersies" changed to "Nurseries" (Vitry Nurseries) - Page 164: "Vandermaelin" changed to "Vandermaelen" - -The following spelling instances have not been corrected, but are -retained as per the original: - - Stuttgard, chesnuts, pseudacacia, potatoe, Belvidere, Leipsic, - wallnuts, cemetry, Frankfort. - -This book contains many other instances of differing spelling of unusual -or non-English words, differing accents, incorrect accents, differing -hyphenation etc., e.g.: - - Page 30: "chateau", Page 119: "château" - Page 137: "Boursalt", Index: "Boursoult" - Page 130: "Andrieux", Page 139: "Andreux" - Page 109: "Beurre dore" (should be "doré") - Page 116: "good-sized", Page 37: "good sized" - -These have been retained and have not been comprehensively listed within -these Notes. - -The letters "D.S.S." in the last column of the tables refer to Dry Stove -Shrubs. These plants require very little water. - - - - - -End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Journal of a Horticultural Tour -through Germany, Belgium, and part of France, in the Autumn of 1835, by James Forbes - -*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK HORTICULTURAL TOUR *** - -***** This file should be named 40554-8.txt or 40554-8.zip ***** -This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: - http://www.gutenberg.org/4/0/5/5/40554/ - -Produced by Maria Grist and the Online Distributed -Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This file was -produced from images generously made available by the -Bibliothèque nationale de France (BnF/Gallica) at -http://gallica.bnf.fr) - - -Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions -will be renamed. - -Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no -one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation -(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without -permission and without paying copyright royalties. Special rules, -set forth in the General Terms of Use part of this license, apply to -copying and distributing Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works to -protect the PROJECT GUTENBERG-tm concept and trademark. Project -Gutenberg is a registered trademark, and may not be used if you -charge for the eBooks, unless you receive specific permission. If you -do not charge anything for copies of this eBook, complying with the -rules is very easy. You may use this eBook for nearly any purpose -such as creation of derivative works, reports, performances and -research. They may be modified and printed and given away--you may do -practically ANYTHING with public domain eBooks. Redistribution is -subject to the trademark license, especially commercial -redistribution. - - - -*** START: FULL LICENSE *** - -THE FULL PROJECT GUTENBERG LICENSE -PLEASE READ THIS BEFORE YOU DISTRIBUTE OR USE THIS WORK - -To protect the Project Gutenberg-tm mission of promoting the free -distribution of electronic works, by using or distributing this work -(or any other work associated in any way with the phrase "Project -Gutenberg"), you agree to comply with all the terms of the Full Project -Gutenberg-tm License available with this file or online at - www.gutenberg.org/license. - - -Section 1. General Terms of Use and Redistributing Project Gutenberg-tm -electronic works - -1.A. By reading or using any part of this Project Gutenberg-tm -electronic work, you indicate that you have read, understand, agree to -and accept all the terms of this license and intellectual property -(trademark/copyright) agreement. If you do not agree to abide by all -the terms of this agreement, you must cease using and return or destroy -all copies of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works in your possession. -If you paid a fee for obtaining a copy of or access to a Project -Gutenberg-tm electronic work and you do not agree to be bound by the -terms of this agreement, you may obtain a refund from the person or -entity to whom you paid the fee as set forth in paragraph 1.E.8. - -1.B. "Project Gutenberg" is a registered trademark. It may only be -used on or associated in any way with an electronic work by people who -agree to be bound by the terms of this agreement. There are a few -things that you can do with most Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works -even without complying with the full terms of this agreement. See -paragraph 1.C below. There are a lot of things you can do with Project -Gutenberg-tm electronic works if you follow the terms of this agreement -and help preserve free future access to Project Gutenberg-tm electronic -works. See paragraph 1.E below. - -1.C. The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation ("the Foundation" -or PGLAF), owns a compilation copyright in the collection of Project -Gutenberg-tm electronic works. Nearly all the individual works in the -collection are in the public domain in the United States. If an -individual work is in the public domain in the United States and you are -located in the United States, we do not claim a right to prevent you from -copying, distributing, performing, displaying or creating derivative -works based on the work as long as all references to Project Gutenberg -are removed. Of course, we hope that you will support the Project -Gutenberg-tm mission of promoting free access to electronic works by -freely sharing Project Gutenberg-tm works in compliance with the terms of -this agreement for keeping the Project Gutenberg-tm name associated with -the work. You can easily comply with the terms of this agreement by -keeping this work in the same format with its attached full Project -Gutenberg-tm License when you share it without charge with others. - -1.D. The copyright laws of the place where you are located also govern -what you can do with this work. Copyright laws in most countries are in -a constant state of change. If you are outside the United States, check -the laws of your country in addition to the terms of this agreement -before downloading, copying, displaying, performing, distributing or -creating derivative works based on this work or any other Project -Gutenberg-tm work. The Foundation makes no representations concerning -the copyright status of any work in any country outside the United -States. - -1.E. Unless you have removed all references to Project Gutenberg: - -1.E.1. The following sentence, with active links to, or other immediate -access to, the full Project Gutenberg-tm License must appear prominently -whenever any copy of a Project Gutenberg-tm work (any work on which the -phrase "Project Gutenberg" appears, or with which the phrase "Project -Gutenberg" is associated) is accessed, displayed, performed, viewed, -copied or distributed: - -This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with -almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or -re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included -with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org - -1.E.2. If an individual Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work is derived -from the public domain (does not contain a notice indicating that it is -posted with permission of the copyright holder), the work can be copied -and distributed to anyone in the United States without paying any fees -or charges. If you are redistributing or providing access to a work -with the phrase "Project Gutenberg" associated with or appearing on the -work, you must comply either with the requirements of paragraphs 1.E.1 -through 1.E.7 or obtain permission for the use of the work and the -Project Gutenberg-tm trademark as set forth in paragraphs 1.E.8 or -1.E.9. - -1.E.3. If an individual Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work is posted -with the permission of the copyright holder, your use and distribution -must comply with both paragraphs 1.E.1 through 1.E.7 and any additional -terms imposed by the copyright holder. Additional terms will be linked -to the Project Gutenberg-tm License for all works posted with the -permission of the copyright holder found at the beginning of this work. - -1.E.4. Do not unlink or detach or remove the full Project Gutenberg-tm -License terms from this work, or any files containing a part of this -work or any other work associated with Project Gutenberg-tm. - -1.E.5. Do not copy, display, perform, distribute or redistribute this -electronic work, or any part of this electronic work, without -prominently displaying the sentence set forth in paragraph 1.E.1 with -active links or immediate access to the full terms of the Project -Gutenberg-tm License. - -1.E.6. You may convert to and distribute this work in any binary, -compressed, marked up, nonproprietary or proprietary form, including any -word processing or hypertext form. However, if you provide access to or -distribute copies of a Project Gutenberg-tm work in a format other than -"Plain Vanilla ASCII" or other format used in the official version -posted on the official Project Gutenberg-tm web site (www.gutenberg.org), -you must, at no additional cost, fee or expense to the user, provide a -copy, a means of exporting a copy, or a means of obtaining a copy upon -request, of the work in its original "Plain Vanilla ASCII" or other -form. Any alternate format must include the full Project Gutenberg-tm -License as specified in paragraph 1.E.1. - -1.E.7. Do not charge a fee for access to, viewing, displaying, -performing, copying or distributing any Project Gutenberg-tm works -unless you comply with paragraph 1.E.8 or 1.E.9. - -1.E.8. You may charge a reasonable fee for copies of or providing -access to or distributing Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works provided -that - -- You pay a royalty fee of 20% of the gross profits you derive from - the use of Project Gutenberg-tm works calculated using the method - you already use to calculate your applicable taxes. The fee is - owed to the owner of the Project Gutenberg-tm trademark, but he - has agreed to donate royalties under this paragraph to the - Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation. Royalty payments - must be paid within 60 days following each date on which you - prepare (or are legally required to prepare) your periodic tax - returns. Royalty payments should be clearly marked as such and - sent to the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation at the - address specified in Section 4, "Information about donations to - the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation." - -- You provide a full refund of any money paid by a user who notifies - you in writing (or by e-mail) within 30 days of receipt that s/he - does not agree to the terms of the full Project Gutenberg-tm - License. You must require such a user to return or - destroy all copies of the works possessed in a physical medium - and discontinue all use of and all access to other copies of - Project Gutenberg-tm works. - -- You provide, in accordance with paragraph 1.F.3, a full refund of any - money paid for a work or a replacement copy, if a defect in the - electronic work is discovered and reported to you within 90 days - of receipt of the work. - -- You comply with all other terms of this agreement for free - distribution of Project Gutenberg-tm works. - -1.E.9. If you wish to charge a fee or distribute a Project Gutenberg-tm -electronic work or group of works on different terms than are set -forth in this agreement, you must obtain permission in writing from -both the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation and Michael -Hart, the owner of the Project Gutenberg-tm trademark. Contact the -Foundation as set forth in Section 3 below. - -1.F. - -1.F.1. Project Gutenberg volunteers and employees expend considerable -effort to identify, do copyright research on, transcribe and proofread -public domain works in creating the Project Gutenberg-tm -collection. Despite these efforts, Project Gutenberg-tm electronic -works, and the medium on which they may be stored, may contain -"Defects," such as, but not limited to, incomplete, inaccurate or -corrupt data, transcription errors, a copyright or other intellectual -property infringement, a defective or damaged disk or other medium, a -computer virus, or computer codes that damage or cannot be read by -your equipment. - -1.F.2. LIMITED WARRANTY, DISCLAIMER OF DAMAGES - Except for the "Right -of Replacement or Refund" described in paragraph 1.F.3, the Project -Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation, the owner of the Project -Gutenberg-tm trademark, and any other party distributing a Project -Gutenberg-tm electronic work under this agreement, disclaim all -liability to you for damages, costs and expenses, including legal -fees. YOU AGREE THAT YOU HAVE NO REMEDIES FOR NEGLIGENCE, STRICT -LIABILITY, BREACH OF WARRANTY OR BREACH OF CONTRACT EXCEPT THOSE -PROVIDED IN PARAGRAPH 1.F.3. YOU AGREE THAT THE FOUNDATION, THE -TRADEMARK OWNER, AND ANY DISTRIBUTOR UNDER THIS AGREEMENT WILL NOT BE -LIABLE TO YOU FOR ACTUAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, CONSEQUENTIAL, PUNITIVE OR -INCIDENTAL DAMAGES EVEN IF YOU GIVE NOTICE OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH -DAMAGE. - -1.F.3. LIMITED RIGHT OF REPLACEMENT OR REFUND - If you discover a -defect in this electronic work within 90 days of receiving it, you can -receive a refund of the money (if any) you paid for it by sending a -written explanation to the person you received the work from. If you -received the work on a physical medium, you must return the medium with -your written explanation. The person or entity that provided you with -the defective work may elect to provide a replacement copy in lieu of a -refund. If you received the work electronically, the person or entity -providing it to you may choose to give you a second opportunity to -receive the work electronically in lieu of a refund. If the second copy -is also defective, you may demand a refund in writing without further -opportunities to fix the problem. - -1.F.4. Except for the limited right of replacement or refund set forth -in paragraph 1.F.3, this work is provided to you 'AS-IS', WITH NO OTHER -WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO -WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR ANY PURPOSE. - -1.F.5. Some states do not allow disclaimers of certain implied -warranties or the exclusion or limitation of certain types of damages. -If any disclaimer or limitation set forth in this agreement violates the -law of the state applicable to this agreement, the agreement shall be -interpreted to make the maximum disclaimer or limitation permitted by -the applicable state law. The invalidity or unenforceability of any -provision of this agreement shall not void the remaining provisions. - -1.F.6. INDEMNITY - You agree to indemnify and hold the Foundation, the -trademark owner, any agent or employee of the Foundation, anyone -providing copies of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works in accordance -with this agreement, and any volunteers associated with the production, -promotion and distribution of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works, -harmless from all liability, costs and expenses, including legal fees, -that arise directly or indirectly from any of the following which you do -or cause to occur: (a) distribution of this or any Project Gutenberg-tm -work, (b) alteration, modification, or additions or deletions to any -Project Gutenberg-tm work, and (c) any Defect you cause. - - -Section 2. Information about the Mission of Project Gutenberg-tm - -Project Gutenberg-tm is synonymous with the free distribution of -electronic works in formats readable by the widest variety of computers -including obsolete, old, middle-aged and new computers. It exists -because of the efforts of hundreds of volunteers and donations from -people in all walks of life. - -Volunteers and financial support to provide volunteers with the -assistance they need are critical to reaching Project Gutenberg-tm's -goals and ensuring that the Project Gutenberg-tm collection will -remain freely available for generations to come. In 2001, the Project -Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation was created to provide a secure -and permanent future for Project Gutenberg-tm and future generations. -To learn more about the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation -and how your efforts and donations can help, see Sections 3 and 4 -and the Foundation information page at www.gutenberg.org - - -Section 3. Information about the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive -Foundation - -The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation is a non profit -501(c)(3) educational corporation organized under the laws of the -state of Mississippi and granted tax exempt status by the Internal -Revenue Service. The Foundation's EIN or federal tax identification -number is 64-6221541. Contributions to the Project Gutenberg -Literary Archive Foundation are tax deductible to the full extent -permitted by U.S. federal laws and your state's laws. - -The Foundation's principal office is located at 4557 Melan Dr. S. -Fairbanks, AK, 99712., but its volunteers and employees are scattered -throughout numerous locations. Its business office is located at 809 -North 1500 West, Salt Lake City, UT 84116, (801) 596-1887. Email -contact links and up to date contact information can be found at the -Foundation's web site and official page at www.gutenberg.org/contact - -For additional contact information: - Dr. Gregory B. Newby - Chief Executive and Director - gbnewby@pglaf.org - -Section 4. Information about Donations to the Project Gutenberg -Literary Archive Foundation - -Project Gutenberg-tm depends upon and cannot survive without wide -spread public support and donations to carry out its mission of -increasing the number of public domain and licensed works that can be -freely distributed in machine readable form accessible by the widest -array of equipment including outdated equipment. Many small donations -($1 to $5,000) are particularly important to maintaining tax exempt -status with the IRS. - -The Foundation is committed to complying with the laws regulating -charities and charitable donations in all 50 states of the United -States. Compliance requirements are not uniform and it takes a -considerable effort, much paperwork and many fees to meet and keep up -with these requirements. We do not solicit donations in locations -where we have not received written confirmation of compliance. To -SEND DONATIONS or determine the status of compliance for any -particular state visit www.gutenberg.org/donate - -While we cannot and do not solicit contributions from states where we -have not met the solicitation requirements, we know of no prohibition -against accepting unsolicited donations from donors in such states who -approach us with offers to donate. - -International donations are gratefully accepted, but we cannot make -any statements concerning tax treatment of donations received from -outside the United States. U.S. laws alone swamp our small staff. - -Please check the Project Gutenberg Web pages for current donation -methods and addresses. Donations are accepted in a number of other -ways including checks, online payments and credit card donations. -To donate, please visit: www.gutenberg.org/donate - - -Section 5. General Information About Project Gutenberg-tm electronic -works. - -Professor Michael S. Hart was the originator of the Project Gutenberg-tm -concept of a library of electronic works that could be freely shared -with anyone. For forty years, he produced and distributed Project -Gutenberg-tm eBooks with only a loose network of volunteer support. - -Project Gutenberg-tm eBooks are often created from several printed -editions, all of which are confirmed as Public Domain in the U.S. -unless a copyright notice is included. Thus, we do not necessarily -keep eBooks in compliance with any particular paper edition. - -Most people start at our Web site which has the main PG search facility: - - www.gutenberg.org - -This Web site includes information about Project Gutenberg-tm, -including how to make donations to the Project Gutenberg Literary -Archive Foundation, how to help produce our new eBooks, and how to -subscribe to our email newsletter to hear about new eBooks. - |