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diff --git a/40397-h/40397-h.htm b/40397-h/40397-h.htm index 090404b..61fc670 100644 --- a/40397-h/40397-h.htm +++ b/40397-h/40397-h.htm @@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en" lang="en"> <head> - <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html;charset=iso-8859-1" /> + <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html;charset=UTF-8" /> <meta http-equiv="Content-Style-Type" content="text/css" /> <title> The Project Gutenberg eBook of Blackwood's Edinburgh Magazine, May 1849, Vol. LXV, No. CCCCIII. @@ -183,47 +183,7 @@ padding-right: .5em;} </style> </head> <body> - - -<pre> - -The Project Gutenberg EBook of Blackwood's Edinburgh Magazine, Volume 65, -No. 403, May, 1849, by Various - -This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with -almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or -re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included -with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org - - -Title: Blackwood's Edinburgh Magazine, Volume 65, No. 403, May, 1849 - -Author: Various - -Release Date: August 3, 2012 [EBook #40397] - -Language: English - -Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1 - -*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK BLACKWOOD'S MAGAZINE, MAY 1849 *** - - - - -Produced by Brendan OConnor, Jonathan Ingram, JoAnn -Greenwood and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at -http://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images -generously made available by The Internet Library of Early -Journals.) - - - - - - -</pre> - +<div>*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK 40397 ***</div> <div class="bigskip"></div> @@ -592,7 +552,7 @@ moderns find it absolutely necessary to begin "at the beginning," and with somewhat rude beginnings. If the Greeks had the art in the colony, as in the epic poem, of rushing <i lang="la" xml:lang="la">in medias res</i>—of starting with and from maturity—then indeed must colonisation be reckoned, as -Dr Hind seems half to suspect, amongst the <i lang="la" xml:lang="la">artes perditæ</i>. Anything +Dr Hind seems half to suspect, amongst the <i lang="la" xml:lang="la">artes perditæ</i>. Anything more lamentable than a number of cultivated men—"samples" of all kinds, physicians, and divines, and lawyers, with, of course, their several ladies—set down upon the uncultivated soil, on the long green @@ -1259,7 +1219,7 @@ himself, upon property of his own. And who, after all, we would ask, are the best of emigrants, in every new country where the land has yet to be reclaimed? Not those who seek the colony with an intention of making a fortune there, and returning to England; nor even those who -go with some feeling that they shall be the Cæsars of the village; nor +go with some feeling that they shall be the Cæsars of the village; nor the easy capitalist, who expects, from the back of his ambling nag, to see his fields sprout with corn and grow populous with cattle. The best of emigrants, as pioneers of civilisation, are those who intend @@ -1439,7 +1399,7 @@ this object, without going or writing to a distant place. At Marseilles or Dunkerque you cannot alter a high road, or add a gens-d'arme to the police force, without -correspondence with Paris; at Gaspé +correspondence with Paris; at Gaspé and Niagara you could not, until lately, get anything of a public nature done, without authority from the seat of government. @@ -1478,10 +1438,10 @@ our colonies, there is but little machinery at the seat of government for even pretending to operate at a distance. The occupants of the public offices at Montreal -scarcely take more heed of Gaspé, which +scarcely take more heed of Gaspé, which is five hundred miles off and very difficult of access, than if that part of Canada were -in Newfoundland or Europe. Gaspé, +in Newfoundland or Europe. Gaspé, therefore, until lately, when, on Lord Durham's recommendation, some machinery of local government was established in @@ -1489,20 +1449,20 @@ Canada, was almost without government, and one of the most barbarous places on the face of the earth. Every part of Canada not close to the seat of government -was more or less like Gaspé. Every -colony has numerous Gaspés. South -Africa, save at Cape Town, is a Gaspé all +was more or less like Gaspé. Every +colony has numerous Gaspés. South +Africa, save at Cape Town, is a Gaspé all over. All Australia Felix, being from five hundred to seven hundred miles distant from its seat of government at Sidney, and without a made road between<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_525" id="Page_525">[525]</a></span> -them, is a great Gaspé. In New Zealand, +them, is a great Gaspé. In New Zealand, a country eight or nine hundred miles long, without roads, and colonised, as Sicily was of old, in many distinct settlements, all the settlements, except the one at which the government is seated, -are miserable Gaspés as respects paucity +are miserable Gaspés as respects paucity of government. In each settlement, indeed, there is a meagre official establishment, and in one of the settlements there @@ -1911,10 +1871,10 @@ reign. Not only the Mazarins, but the Pompadours also, have made religion part of their craft; and religion became so entirely political under Louis XV., that irreligion was easily made political in its stead. In the court of France, in fact, theology has been the -common trade; the trade of Condé and of Guise, of Huguenot and Papist, +common trade; the trade of Condé and of Guise, of Huguenot and Papist, of Jansenist and Jesuit, of philosopher and poet, of harlots, and almost of lap-dogs. Even Robespierre must legislate upon the -"consoling principle of an <i lang="fr" xml:lang="fr">Etre Suprême</i>," and Napoleon elevates +"consoling principle of an <i lang="fr" xml:lang="fr">Etre Suprême</i>," and Napoleon elevates himself into "the eldest son of the church." "A peculiar characteristic of this monarchy," says de Maistre, "is that it possesses a certain theocratic element, special to itself, which has @@ -1998,7 +1958,7 @@ affinities of its Conservative party. Action and reaction are always equal. The cold infidelity of Great Britain was met by the cool reason of Butler, and sufficiently counteracted by even the frigid apologies of Watson, and the mechanical faith of Paley. But the passionate -unbelief of the Encyclopædists produced the unbalanced credulity of +unbelief of the Encyclopædists produced the unbalanced credulity of the reaction; and Diderot, d'Alembert, and Voltaire, have almost, by fatality, involved the noble spirits of their correctors in that wrongheaded habit of believing, which shows its vigorous weakness in @@ -2018,7 +1978,7 @@ vociferation, that it has been the death of Spain, and of every state in which it has been allowed to work; and that, moreover, it has been the persevering foe of law, of science, and of morality. This is a true bill; but of him, as of his master Michelet, it may be said with -emphasis, <i lang="fr" xml:lang="fr">Tout, jusqu' à la vérité, trompe dans ses écrits</i>. It does +emphasis, <i lang="fr" xml:lang="fr">Tout, jusqu' à la vérité, trompe dans ses écrits</i>. It does not follow, as he would argue, that political wisdom and Christian truth fall with Ultramontanism; nor does he prove it be so, by proving that de Maistre and others have thought so. The school of the Reaction @@ -2032,7 +1992,7 @@ brilliancy of rhetoric raised to fever-heat, or of French run mad. Even its argument, I doubt not, sounded logical and satisfactory, when its slender postulate of truth was set off with oratorical sophistry, enforced with professorial shrugs of the shoulders, or driven home -with conclusive raps upon the auxiliary <i lang="fr" xml:lang="fr">tabatière</i>. But the inanimate +with conclusive raps upon the auxiliary <i lang="fr" xml:lang="fr">tabatière</i>. But the inanimate logic, as it lies coffined in the version of Mr Cocks, looks very revolting. In fact, stripped of its false ornament, all its practical part is simply the revolutionism of the Chartists. Worse stuff was @@ -2069,7 +2029,7 @@ conscience. His audience applauds, and the enraptured Quinet catches up the response like an auctioneer. He is charmed with his young friends. He is sure the reaction will never seduce them into travelling to heaven by the old sterile roads. As for the -<i lang="fr" xml:lang="fr">réactionnaires</i>, no language can convey his contempt for them. "After +<i lang="fr" xml:lang="fr">réactionnaires</i>, no language can convey his contempt for them. "After this nation," says he, "has been communing with the spirit of the universe upon Sinai, conversing face to face with <span class="smcap">God</span>, they propose to her to descend from her vast conceptions, and to creep, crestfallen, @@ -2239,13 +2199,13 @@ them it triumphed by the persecutions of Louis XIV., following up the policy of Catherine de Medicis. It was next confronted by Jansenism under Louis XV., and that it overcame by intrigue and by ridicule. Under Louis XVI. it was obliged to meet the atheism of the -Encyclopædists, which it had itself produced, and which terribly +Encyclopædists, which it had itself produced, and which terribly visited upon its head its own infernal inventions. To overwhelm the Port-Royalists, it had resorted to low caricatures and epigrams, and to philosophical satires upon their piety. Voltaire took from these the hint of his first warfare against Christianity. This was first a joke and a song, and then <i>Ca Ira</i> and <i>A la lanterne</i>; first the -popguns of wit, then the open battery of <i lang="fr" xml:lang="fr">Ecrasez l'infâme</i>, and then +popguns of wit, then the open battery of <i lang="fr" xml:lang="fr">Ecrasez l'infâme</i>, and then the exploding mine of revolution. It merely reversed the stratagems of Ultramontanism, which began in massacre, and finished its triumphs with a jest; and both together have stamped the nation with its @@ -2266,7 +2226,7 @@ even the purer genius of such as Bossuet and Massillon is exhibited in humiliating and disgraceful associations, the places of history might have been adorned by such bright spirits as were immured at Port-Royal, or such virtue as sketched the ideal kingdom of -<i>Télémaque</i>, and rendered illustrious a life of uncomplaining sorrow +<i>Télémaque</i>, and rendered illustrious a life of uncomplaining sorrow in the pastoral chair of Cambray. Where the court can boast one Bourdaloue, there would have been, beside him, not a few like Pascal; and in the rural parishes there would have been many such as Arnauld @@ -2280,7 +2240,7 @@ whose hand was ever upon the secret wires of the terrible Inquisition. The capital would have been a citadel of law, and the kingdom still a Christian state. Its history might have lacked a "Grand Monarque," and certainly a Napoleon; but then there would have been no <i>dragonnades</i>, -and possibly no Dubarrydom; no <i>Encyclopædie</i>, and no <i>Ca Ira</i>! The +and possibly no Dubarrydom; no <i>Encyclopædie</i>, and no <i>Ca Ira</i>! The bell of St Germain l'Auxerrois would have retained its bloody memory as the tocsin of St Bartholomew's massacre, but it would never have sounded its second peal of infamy as the signal for storming the @@ -2372,12 +2332,12 @@ race.</p> deplored that the Conservatism of England was reproduced on the Continent in connexion with the Christianity of Ultramontanism. The conservatism of de Stael and of Chateaubriand, though repudiated by -the <i lang="fr" xml:lang="fr">réactionnaires</i>, is indeed worthy of honourable mention, as their +the <i lang="fr" xml:lang="fr">réactionnaires</i>, is indeed worthy of honourable mention, as their characters will ever be of all admiration; yet it must be owned to be deficient in force, and by no means executive. It was the Conservatism of impulse—the Conservatism of genius, but not the Conservatism of profound philosophy and energetic benevolence. The spirit that -breathes in the <i lang="fr" xml:lang="fr">Génie du Christianisme</i> is always beautiful, and +breathes in the <i lang="fr" xml:lang="fr">Génie du Christianisme</i> is always beautiful, and often devout, yet it has been justly censured, as recommending less the truth than the beauty of the religion of Jesus Christ; and though it doubtless did something to reproduce the religious sentiment, it @@ -2417,7 +2377,7 @@ its deadening infamous perjury which, though committed under the sanction of a Romish bishop, led to his ignominious expulsion from the sovereign council at Berne. Chateaubriand has not escaped an infection from the -same atmosphere. It taints his writings. In such a work as the <i lang="fr" xml:lang="fr">Génie +same atmosphere. It taints his writings. In such a work as the <i lang="fr" xml:lang="fr">Génie du Christianisme</i>, denounced as it is by the Ultramontanists generally, there is much that is not wholesome. The eloquent champion of faith wields the glaive as stoutly for fables as for eternal @@ -2452,14 +2412,14 @@ hand, touches with the other a class whom we cannot reach; and although, in a certain point of view, she may thus appear the butt of two parties, (as being herself rebellious, though preaching authority,) yet in other respects <i>she is most precious</i>, and may be -considered as one of those chemical <i lang="fr" xml:lang="fr">intermèdes</i>, which are capable of +considered as one of those chemical <i lang="fr" xml:lang="fr">intermèdes</i>, which are capable of producing a union between elements dissociable in themselves." He seldom shows such moderation; for the Greek and Anglican churches he specially hates. In 1804 he was sent ambassador to St Petersburg; and there he resided till 1817, fulfilling his diplomatic duties with that zeal for his master, and that devotion to conservative interests, which are the spirit of his writings. There he published, in 1814, the -pithy <i lang="fr" xml:lang="fr">Essai sur le principe générateur des Constitutions</i>, in which +pithy <i lang="fr" xml:lang="fr">Essai sur le principe générateur des Constitutions</i>, in which he reduced to an abstract form the doctrines of his former treatise on France. His style is peculiarly relishable, sometimes even sportive; but its main maxims are laid down with a dictatorial dignity and @@ -2482,7 +2442,7 @@ Pape</i>, in which he most ingeniously, but very sophistically, uses in support of the papacy an elaborate argument, drawn from the good which an overruling Providence has accomplished, by the very usurpations and tyrannies of the Roman See. As if this were not enough, however, he -closes his life and labours with another work, the <i lang="fr" xml:lang="fr">Soirées de St +closes his life and labours with another work, the <i lang="fr" xml:lang="fr">Soirées de St Petersbourg</i>, in which, with bewitching eloquence, he expends all his powers of varied learning, and pointed sarcasm, and splendid sophistry, upon questions which have but the one point of turning @@ -2493,7 +2453,7 @@ which, during three centuries, have wasted every kingdom in which they have gained ascendency. To the direct purpose of uprooting the little that remained of Gallicanism, he devoted a treatise, which accompanies his work <i lang="fr" xml:lang="fr">Du Pape</i>, and of which the first book is entitled, <i lang="fr" xml:lang="fr">De -l'Esprit d'opposition nourri en France contre le Saint-Siège</i>. Its +l'Esprit d'opposition nourri en France contre le Saint-Siège</i>. Its points may be stated in a simple sentence from the works of his coadjutor, Frederick Schlegel, who, in a few words, gives the theory which has been the great mistake of the Reaction. "The disguised @@ -2523,11 +2483,11 @@ doctrine in the condition of Rome itself! But the condition of France is quite as conclusive. Since the Restoration, the French Church has been growing more and more Ultramontane, and the people are worse and worse. Gallicanism is extinct, but results are all against the -Reactionary theory. France has no more a la Vendée; there will be no +Reactionary theory. France has no more a la Vendée; there will be no more Chouans; the present Church is incapable of reviving such things. It makes the infidels. I know there is less show of rampant atheism just now than formerly; but if there is less of paroxysm, there is -less of life. France dies of a chronic atheism. The Abbé Bonnetat, +less of life. France dies of a chronic atheism. The Abbé Bonnetat, writing in 1845 on <i>The Religious and Moral Wants of the French Population</i>, expresses nothing but contempt for the alleged improvement in religious feeling. According to him, almost a tenth of @@ -2535,7 +2495,7 @@ the male population, in any given district, not only do not believe in <span class="smcap">God</span>, but glory in their unbelief. Half of all the rest make no secret of their infidelity as to the immortality of the soul; and their wives are equally sceptical, to the curse of their children's children! "The -residue believe," says the Abbé, "only in the sense of not denying. +residue believe," says the Abbé, "only in the sense of not denying. They affirm nothing, but, as compared with the others, they lack the science of misbelief." To go on with his melancholy picture, the divine and salutary @@ -2557,13 +2517,13 @@ not at church? Were you at vespers? Were you at mass?</i> and in fact are the first to corrupt their offspring, by their brutal irreligion, and coarse language, and shameless behaviour.<a name="FNanchor_8_8" id="FNanchor_8_8"></a><a href="#Footnote_8_8" class="fnanchor">[8]</a></p> -<p>Such is the moral picture of France. The Abbé has brightened his mass +<p>Such is the moral picture of France. The Abbé has brightened his mass of shadow with here and there a reflection of light, but there is no mistaking his work for a Claude Lorraine. France is in a moral eclipse, and her portrait presents, of necessity, the <i>chiaro 'scuro</i> of a Rembrandt. One needs no more than these confessions of a French ecclesiastic to account for her false and fickle notions of liberty, -and for her interminable <i lang="fr" xml:lang="fr">émeutes</i> and revolutions. Yet if Quinet has +and for her interminable <i lang="fr" xml:lang="fr">émeutes</i> and revolutions. Yet if Quinet has not wholly invented his assertions, the Conservatism of France is pledged to prescribe as remedies the same old poison from which the disease results. It would take the Christianity of the nation, at its @@ -2596,7 +2556,7 @@ either he or his disciples have done much to bring it about; and still less do I imagine that their system, as a system, can give permanence to the monarchy or prosperity to the state. On the contrary, let Mons. Berryer, or the Comte de Montalembert, attempt the settlement of the -kingdom on the theory of the <i lang="fr" xml:lang="fr">réactionnaires</i>, and they will speedily +kingdom on the theory of the <i lang="fr" xml:lang="fr">réactionnaires</i>, and they will speedily bring it to that full stop which Heaven at last adjudges to princes as well as to people, "who show themselves untutored by <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_541" id="Page_541">[541]</a></span>calamity, and rebels to experience." They will, at best, prolong the @@ -2673,7 +2633,7 @@ although of more convenient length than the <i lang="fr" xml:lang="fr">Histoire abstained from reproducing. Having thus drawn attention to one of the most pleasing tales we in any language are acquainted with, we fully expected speedily to meet with it in an English version. Not having -done so, our vivid recollection of the great merits of "<i lang="fr" xml:lang="fr">Le Médecin du +done so, our vivid recollection of the great merits of "<i lang="fr" xml:lang="fr">Le Médecin du Village</i>" now induces us to revoke our first decision—the more readily that we have repeatedly been solicited to give the English public an opportunity of appreciating a tale unprocurable in the form @@ -2704,10 +2664,10 @@ as given by her humble friend,</p> <h3>THE VILLAGE DOCTOR.</h3> <p>"What is that?" exclaimed several persons assembled in the dining-room -of the château of Burcy.</p> +of the château of Burcy.</p> <p>The Countess of Moncar had just inherited, from a distant and slightly -regretted relation, an ancient château which she had never seen, +regretted relation, an ancient château which she had never seen, although it was at barely fifteen leagues from her habitual summer residence. One of the most elegant, and almost one of the prettiest women in Paris, Madame de Moncar was but moderately attached to the @@ -2728,16 +2688,16 @@ truth, and really was uncertain upon that point. Desirous to remain so, she<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_543" id="Page_543">[543]</a></span> thought it prudent to leave herself no time for reflection.</p> <p>One fine morning in September, the countess and her guests set out for -the unknown château, intending to pass the day there. A cross road, +the unknown château, intending to pass the day there. A cross road, reputed practicable, was to reduce the journey to twelve leagues. The cross road proved execrable: the travellers lost their way in the forest; a carriage broke down; in short, it was not till mid-day that the party, much fatigued, and but moderately gratified by the -picturesque beauties of the scenery, reached the château of Burcy, +picturesque beauties of the scenery, reached the château of Burcy, whose aspect was scarcely such as to console them for the annoyances of the journey. It was a large sombre building with dingy walls. In its front a garden, then out of cultivation, descended from terrace to -terrace; for the château, built upon the slope of a wooded hill, had +terrace; for the château, built upon the slope of a wooded hill, had no level ground in its vicinity. On all sides it was hemmed in by mountains, the trees upon which sprang up amidst rocks, and had a dark and gloomy foliage that saddened the eyesight. Man's neglect added to @@ -2755,7 +2715,7 @@ smile. "Let us go in and view the interior."</p> upon the previous day, as an advanced guard, had safely arrived, willingly assented. Having obtained the agreeable certainty that an abundant breakfast would soon be upon the table, they rambled through -the château. The old-fashioned furniture with tattered coverings, the +the château. The old-fashioned furniture with tattered coverings, the arm-chairs with three legs, the tottering tables, the discordant sounds of a piano, which for a good score of years had not felt a finger, afforded abundant food for jest and merriment. Gaiety @@ -2791,12 +2751,12 @@ persons desirous to please each other, but who have not yet acquired the right to be serious.</p> <p>The steward, after long search for a breakfast-bell along the -dilapidated walls of the château, at last made up his mind to shout +dilapidated walls of the château, at last made up his mind to shout from the steps that the meal was ready—the half-smile with which he accompanied the announcement, proving that, like his<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_544" id="Page_544">[544]</a></span> betters, he resigned himself for one day to a deviation from his habits of etiquette and propriety. Soon a merry party surrounded the board. The -gloom of the château, its desert site and uncheery aspect, were all +gloom of the château, its desert site and uncheery aspect, were all forgotten; the conversation was general and well sustained; the health of the lady of the castle—the fairy whose presence converted the crazy old edifice into an enchanted palace, was drunk by all present. @@ -3054,7 +3014,7 @@ morning when I opened my shutters, impressed me disagreeably: it was always closed, still and sad like a forsaken thing. Never had I seen its windows open and shut, or its door ajar; never had I known its inhospitable garden-gate give passage to human being. Your uncle, -madam, who had no occasion for a cottage so near his château, sought +madam, who had no occasion for a cottage so near his château, sought to let it; but the rent was rather higher than anybody here was rich enough to give. It remained empty, therefore, whilst in the hamlet every window exhibited two or three children's faces peering through @@ -3560,7 +3520,7 @@ every day my reflections were recalled to the same subject. Little by little I came to think her dream a good one, and to regret I could not credit its reality. The soul, heaven, eternal life, all that the old priest had formerly taught me, glided through my imagination as I sat -at eventide before the open window. "The doctrine of the old <i>curé</i>," +at eventide before the open window. "The doctrine of the old <i>curé</i>," I said to myself, "was more comforting than the cold realities science has revealed to me." Then I looked at Eva, who still looked to heaven, whilst the bells of the village church sounded sweetly in the @@ -4559,7 +4519,7 @@ son. When taking thither their wreaths of wild blossoms, the villagers say to each other—"When she prayed so fervently, the good Virgin answered her softly: 'I will give thy soul to thy child!'"</p> -<p>The <i>curé</i> has suffered our peasants to retain this touching +<p>The <i>curé</i> has suffered our peasants to retain this touching superstition; and I myself, when Lord William came to see me, when he fixed upon me his eyes, so like his mother's—when his voice, which had a well-known accent, said, as Mrs Meredith was wont to say—"Dear @@ -4631,7 +4591,7 @@ different countries—means varying, however, more in detail than in principle. In Prussia, a regular school-rate, varying from 3d. to 6d. per month, according to circumstances, is levied upon all who have children; but this is supplemented by a grant from the state budget -which, for elementary schools alone, amounted in 1845 to £37,000. A +which, for elementary schools alone, amounted in 1845 to £37,000. A similar practice prevails not only in the other countries of Central Europe, but in Pennsylvania, where it was introduced by the German emigrants, and, of late years, also in some other parts of the United @@ -4645,7 +4605,7 @@ provinces are charged with the cost of maintaining their own schools, aided by grants from the state. On the first year that separate accounts were kept for the northern provinces, after their separation from Belgium, the sum raised in this way amounted (in a population of -2,450,000) to no less than £76,317. In Belgium, where the funds are +2,450,000) to no less than £76,317. In Belgium, where the funds are derived from old foundations and local endowments, aided by the government, two-fifths of the scholars received, in 1840, their education gratuitously; but the provision seems to be not very @@ -4659,7 +4619,7 @@ established in the United States. In Prussia, there is a minister of public instruction, who is also at the head of church affairs, and under whom are local consistories and school inspectors, one of the latter being always the superintendent or bishop of the district. In -Würtemberg, each school is inspected by the clergyman of the +Würtemberg, each school is inspected by the clergyman of the confession to which the schoolmaster belongs, and is subject to the control of the presbytery. In the Grand-duchy of Baden, the minister of the interior has charge of the department of education. The local @@ -4680,7 +4640,7 @@ instruction is superintended by the government.</p> <p>The details regarding <i>religious instruction</i> are not so full as we should have wished. The great difficulty as regards this appears, however, in most of the European states to be met by the establishment -of separate schools for the different sects. In Würtemberg, "if, in a +of separate schools for the different sects. In Würtemberg, "if, in a community of different religious confessions, the minority comprises sixty families, they may claim the establishment and support of a school of their own confession, at the expense of the whole @@ -4688,7 +4648,7 @@ community." The ecclesiastical authorities of the various sects are not, however, independent of, but merely associated with, the state functionaries, whose sanction is indispensable for the catechisms and school-books in use in every school. Such, at least, is said to be the -case in Würtemberg; and, as far as we can judge from the not very +case in Würtemberg; and, as far as we can judge from the not very precise statements made on this subject, the rule appears to be universal. Roman Catholic, Protestant, Greek Church, and Jewish schools are, in the Austrian empire, alike established by law, @@ -4792,12 +4752,12 @@ does not belong. It is not, however, on this ground alone, or chiefly, that the Privy Council's proceedings in regard to the Free Church schools are objectionable.</p> -<p>Out of the sum of £5463 granted, according to the committee's minutes -last issued, to Scotland in 1847, no less than £3485 was apportioned +<p>Out of the sum of £5463 granted, according to the committee's minutes +last issued, to Scotland in 1847, no less than £3485 was apportioned to Free Church schools. Let us inquire on what conditions, in what circumstances, so large a proportion of the fund at the disposal of the committee has been thus expended. If this sum had been -appropriated <i>bonâ fide</i> for educational purposes, to aid in building +appropriated <i>bonâ fide</i> for educational purposes, to aid in building schools in localities previously unprovided with them, perhaps no very serious exception could have been taken to the, in that case, comparatively trivial circumstance, that the persons by whom the money @@ -4834,12 +4794,12 @@ following are some of the returns, taken almost at random:—</p> schools—"The parish school, Establishment, (attended by 150 scholars;) Redding Muir, Establishment, (100;) Redding village, Establishment and Free Church, (80;) Redding Muir, Methodist, -(40.)"<a name="FNanchor_12_12" id="FNanchor_12_12"></a><a href="#Footnote_12_12" class="fnanchor">[12]</a> Grant to Free Church, £143.</p> +(40.)"<a name="FNanchor_12_12" id="FNanchor_12_12"></a><a href="#Footnote_12_12" class="fnanchor">[12]</a> Grant to Free Church, £143.</p> <p><i>Dalkeith.</i>—Population, 6000: existing school accommodation—"The parochial or grammar school, and <i>other schools</i>, partially supported by the Duke of Buccleuch." No further particulars. Grant to Free -Church, £248.—In the following instance, a notable attempt is made to +Church, £248.—In the following instance, a notable attempt is made to manufacture a case of crying destitution:—</p> <p><i>Ellon.</i>—Population, 3000: existing schools—"The parochial school is @@ -4849,7 +4809,7 @@ new town!" In consideration, however, of the "one-fourth mile," coupled with the interesting topographical information that this is the exact distance between the eastern extremity of the old and the western extremity [or "west-end"] of the new town of Ellon, and, -doubtless, for other grave reasons not expressed, £162 is subscribed +doubtless, for other grave reasons not expressed, £162 is subscribed to the funds of the Free Church.</p> <p>These are average examples of all the cases. Everybody, indeed, knows @@ -4871,7 +4831,7 @@ but to supersede existing educational institutions; and this is an object to which we could not contribute without a gross misappropriation of the national funds." In having, instead of returning this answer to the promoters of the proposed new school in -Polmont, sent them £143, the Privy Council's committee have, be it +Polmont, sent them £143, the Privy Council's committee have, be it noticed, established a precedent which is not likely to be left unimproved: indeed the Free Church are said to have about 500 similar applications ready.<a name="FNanchor_13_13" id="FNanchor_13_13"></a><a href="#Footnote_13_13" class="fnanchor">[13]</a></p> @@ -4924,18 +4884,18 @@ some of the large towns) at least one school,<a name="FNanchor_15_15" id="FNanch teacher's house, has been erected, and is kept up by the heritors, or landed proprietors, of each parish; by whom also a salary is provided for the schoolmaster, which, exclusive of house and garden, at present -varies, according to circumstances, from £25 the minimum, to £34 the +varies, according to circumstances, from £25 the minimum, to £34 the maximum allowance. This certainly most inadequate remuneration is supplemented partly by school fees—which, however, are fixed at a low rate, and always dispensed with in cases of necessity—partly by the schoolmaster being allowed to hold, in conjunction with his school, the offices of heritors' and session clerk, which yield, on an -average, to each about £14 more, (<i>Remarks</i>, p. 15;) and partly, +average, to each about £14 more, (<i>Remarks</i>, p. 15;) and partly, though in comparatively few parishes, by local foundations. In 1834, the number of parochial schools was 1,047; and the emoluments of the teachers amounted for the whole (excluding the augmentations from the -Dick Bequest) to £55,339: of this sum £29,642 being salaries, £20,717 -school fees, and £4,979 other emoluments.<a name="FNanchor_16_16" id="FNanchor_16_16"></a><a href="#Footnote_16_16" class="fnanchor">[16]</a></p> +Dick Bequest) to £55,339: of this sum £29,642 being salaries, £20,717 +school fees, and £4,979 other emoluments.<a name="FNanchor_16_16" id="FNanchor_16_16"></a><a href="#Footnote_16_16" class="fnanchor">[16]</a></p> <p>With regard to management: the election of the teacher is vested in the heritors (<i>the sole rate-payers</i>) and minister of the parish. @@ -5525,7 +5485,7 @@ in it—for it is well known that the emperor is prompt and terrible in his chastisement of oppressive and unjust officials, when he can detect them—and yet they will hesitate to risk greater evils by trying to get rid of those that already afflict them. The -<i lang="fr" xml:lang="fr">esprit-de-corps</i> of Russian <i lang="fr" xml:lang="fr">employés</i> is notorious, and a disgraced +<i lang="fr" xml:lang="fr">esprit-de-corps</i> of Russian <i lang="fr" xml:lang="fr">employés</i> is notorious, and a disgraced governor or overseer may generally reckon pretty confidently on his successor for vengeance upon those who denounced him. The corruption, according to Dr Wagner, extends to the very highest; and men of rank @@ -6310,7 +6270,7 @@ openly or in an underhand manner, to the existing order of things, by means of some one of its members: and even in the present day they have pursued the same line of policy—a policy which wears now, however, a more respectable garb, inasmuch as it is professedly based -upon the seemingly patriotic and disinterested maxim, "<i lang="fr" xml:lang="fr">Français avant +upon the seemingly patriotic and disinterested maxim, "<i lang="fr" xml:lang="fr">Français avant tout</i>," which, in declaring the revolution that caused the fall of Louis Philippe the work of the "finger of God," and in accepting a government founded upon a nation's universal suffrage, as preferable @@ -6371,8 +6331,8 @@ popularity of the President in the capital, the <i>prestige</i> more or less attached to his name, and the party supposed to be connected with his interests, the balance chiefly lies between the republic as it is and Henry V. Even the ultra-republicans and Socialists appear to feel -this so strongly, that, in a pamphlet entitled "<i lang="fr" xml:lang="fr">La République ou -Henri V.—quelques mots à Bonaparte</i>," a certain Monsieur Pertus, a +this so strongly, that, in a pamphlet entitled "<i lang="fr" xml:lang="fr">La République ou +Henri V.—quelques mots à Bonaparte</i>," a certain Monsieur Pertus, a violent Socialist and adherent of the so-called democratic and social republic, has given, in powerful language, the reasons of the party why the destinies of France may be supposed to lie between these two @@ -6429,7 +6389,7 @@ has lately excited considerable sensation in France, not so much as a curious historical document, giving a simple but charming account of the life, manners, appearance, and attitude in exile of such prominent historical figures as the Duke of Bordeaux, and that patient and pious -victim of revolutions, the Duchess d'Angoulême; but, in the eyes of +victim of revolutions, the Duchess d'Angoulême; but, in the eyes of the legitimists, as a striking refutation of various calumnies attached to the person, as well as the education and opinions of the young prince, and the highest eulogium of their monarch—in the eyes @@ -6437,7 +6397,7 @@ of all, as a "feeler," (in spite of the intentions of the author,) in the obscure chances of the future.</p> <p>Had not the character of Monsieur Charles Didier stood so high, and -had not his almost rough honesty, and perhaps <i>naiveté</i> of nature, +had not his almost rough honesty, and perhaps <i>naiveté</i> of nature, been so generally acknowledged by rightly-thinking men, doubts might have been entertained, on the one hand, whether he was really acting in good faith in his character as a republican; had not his talent, @@ -6480,7 +6440,7 @@ Bordeaux, but the hatred and contempt of all "true patriots" to his supposed opinions. It was to refute these calumnies, then, and to deny these perversions of truth, that M. Didier at last found himself reluctantly compelled to publish a simple account of his "<i lang="fr" xml:lang="fr">Visite au -Duc de Bordeaux</i>." He complains, with much <i>naiveté</i>, in a species of +Duc de Bordeaux</i>." He complains, with much <i>naiveté</i>, in a species of preface, that he has been forced to this step, which he himself looks upon as an indiscretion, by his own party, since, although the whole affair appears in his eyes little more than "much ado about nothing," @@ -6524,7 +6484,7 @@ Frohsdorf, and that this same chateau of Frohsdorf was inhabited by the exiled family of France. It was only many months afterwards, however, when he returned to Germany, for his own pleasure and information, and as "<i>simple voyageur</i>," that having received, by -chance, a letter from a friend in Paris for the Duc de Lévis, one of +chance, a letter from a friend in Paris for the Duc de Lévis, one of the faithful adherents attached to the little court of the exiled Bourbons, he determined to profit by it, in order to visit Frohsdorf on his way once more from Vienna to the north of Italy. Before @@ -6549,7 +6509,7 @@ family, the name of which I do not know, passed, under the Restoration, into those of Madame Caroline Murat, the ex-queen of Naples. By her it was sold to the -Duchess d'Angoulême, under the name +Duchess d'Angoulême, under the name of the Duke of Blacas. The domain administered by a steward, is not vast as a princely domain; but the habitation is @@ -6569,14 +6529,14 @@ garret-windows, and ornamented in the middle with a triangular gable. The ground-floor is on a level with the bridge, and is surmounted by two stories. The -façade presents nine windows, those of +façade presents nine windows, those of the second floor being small and square, the others of reasonable dimensions: one alone, immediately above the doorway, which is large and arched, is ornamented by a balcony, and flanked by flattened pillars. These pillars, and the gable -above, are the only portions of the façade +above, are the only portions of the façade which have the appearance of any architectural design. A great round tower flanks the western side: it descends into @@ -6663,7 +6623,7 @@ did what was <i lang="fr" xml:lang="fr">convenable</i> under the circumstances. I ought to confess, at the same time, that I was afterwards less happy with the Duchess of Bordeaux, -and the Duchess of Angoulême, to whom +and the Duchess of Angoulême, to whom I sometimes gave the title of 'Highness.' Now, it struck me afterwards, that this title, which was a deference on my part, @@ -6790,7 +6750,7 @@ blanc</i>." It must not be forgotten, that M. Didier does not take into account the progress of reactionary ideas in the few last months. M. Didier states, that he told the Prince this bitter truth, and was listened to with calmness and placidity. "He would have made, I am -convinced," continues the republican visitor, in a sort of <i>resumé</i>, +convinced," continues the republican visitor, in a sort of <i>resumé</i>, "an excellent constitutional monarch. The very disposition of his mind, with his natural qualities, seem all adapted to such a government; and his education has been directed with such ideas. @@ -6872,7 +6832,7 @@ his letters are remarkable for their correctness and elegance."</p> <p>Perhaps the most striking, and certainly the most touching, part of the book of M. Charles Didier, is that in which he speaks of the -Duchess d'Angoulême. It belongs not exactly to the subject of +Duchess d'Angoulême. It belongs not exactly to the subject of legitimacy or its prospects in France; but the interest attached to it is so full of pathos, and, in an historical point of view, so considerable, that we cannot refrain from quoting a few words of the @@ -6935,10 +6895,10 @@ most unhappy of your life." "She held her peace, but with an air which seemed to say, 'You ask too much.'"</p> <p>After giving his testimony as to the extreme politeness of the Duchess -d'Angoulême, and recording instances of her boundless charity, +d'Angoulême, and recording instances of her boundless charity, "immense," he says, "for her present revenue," M. Didier has the following touching description of the apartments of the aged princess. -"The Duchess of Angoulême, lives in the midst of the <i>souvenirs</i> of +"The Duchess of Angoulême, lives in the midst of the <i>souvenirs</i> of her youth—and yet what <i>souvenirs</i>! Far from flying from them, she seems to cherish them; as if she found a strange funereal pleasure in filling each day the cup of bitterness, in order each day to drain it @@ -6959,7 +6919,7 @@ the bloody anniversary by solitude and prayer."</p> <p>On this subject there is yet more touching matter, which would lead us, however, too far. For the same reason we cannot follow the details -into which M. Didier enters respecting the Duke of Lévis, the young +into which M. Didier enters respecting the Duke of Lévis, the young Duke of Blacas, M. de Montbel, and other adherents of the exiled family: they must be passed over, as not of immediate interest. The following words, however, are sufficiently remarkable in the mouth of @@ -6999,7 +6959,7 @@ rarely to be made—that is to say, with too little of personal <i lang="fr" xml:lang="fr">coquetterie</i> in it: it was easy to see that no Parisian <i lang="fr" xml:lang="fr">femme de chambre</i> had superintended the arrangement. -Hers is evidently a <i lang="fr" xml:lang="fr">nature distinguée</i>. +Hers is evidently a <i lang="fr" xml:lang="fr">nature distinguée</i>. I was told she was of a kindly, easy disposition, and well educated; she was evidently desirous of pleasing. Although a princess @@ -7028,7 +6988,7 @@ the book. But we must now hurry on.</p> <p>The dinner of the exiled princely family is described by the republican visitor as simple, although served with a certain state. He -sits by the side of the Duchess of Angoulême, whose every word is one +sits by the side of the Duchess of Angoulême, whose every word is one of "politeness, courtesy, or forbearance." "The Duchess of Bordeaux," he says, "continually fixed her eyes upon me, as with a look of wonder. In truth, the position was a strange one—a French republican @@ -7283,7 +7243,7 @@ more: who shall dare, in the present state of France, to say that it <span class="i0">See the torn turkey and the mangled goose!<br /></span> <span class="i0">See the hack'd sirloin and the spattered juice!<br /></span> <span class="i0">Ah! can the College well her charge fulfil,<br /></span> -<span class="i0">Who thus neglects the petit-maître's skill?<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Who thus neglects the petit-maître's skill?<br /></span> <span class="i0">The tutor proves each pupil on the books—<br /></span> <span class="i0">Why not give equal license to the cooks?<br /></span> <span class="i0">As the grave lecturer, with scrupulous care,<br /></span> @@ -7295,7 +7255,7 @@ more: who shall dare, in the present state of France, to say that it <span class="i0">Then Granta's sons a useful fame should know,<br /></span> <span class="i0">And shame with skill each dinner-table beau.<br /></span> </div><div class="stanza"> -<span class="i2">High on the daïs, and more richly stored,<br /></span> +<span class="i2">High on the daïs, and more richly stored,<br /></span> <span class="i0">Well has old custom placed the Fellow's board:<br /></span> <span class="i0">Thus shall the student feel his fire increased<br /></span> <span class="i0">By brave ambition for the well-graced feast—<br /></span> @@ -7390,7 +7350,7 @@ more: who shall dare, in the present state of France, to say that it <span class="i0">Prized for an hour, then flung aside for life.<br /></span> <span class="i0">Ah! what avails him now his vaunted art,<br /></span> <span class="i0">To stride the steed, or guide the tandem-cart?<br /></span> -<span class="i0">His loved ecarté, or his gainful whist?<br /></span> +<span class="i0">His loved ecarté, or his gainful whist?<br /></span> <span class="i0">What snobs he pommelled, or what maidens kissed?<br /></span> <span class="i0">His ball-room elegance, his modish air,<br /></span> <span class="i0">And easy impudence, that charmed the fair?<br /></span> @@ -7932,7 +7892,7 @@ logged together, unless the world went by contrairies!"</p> <div class="cpoem2"><div class="stanza"> <span class="i0">Then rose again the Moon's sweet charm,<br /></span> -<span class="i2">Not in her full and orbéd glow,<br /></span> +<span class="i2">Not in her full and orbéd glow,<br /></span> <span class="i0">But young and sparkling as thy form<br /></span> <span class="i2">That moved a sister-moon below.<br /></span> <span class="i0">The rose-breeze round thee loved to blow—<br /></span> @@ -8204,24 +8164,24 @@ to Presburg, she appeared at the meeting of the diet, told the assembled nobles the difficulties and dangers by which she was surrounded, and threw herself, her child, and her cause, upon their generosity. At that appeal every sabre leapt from its scabbard, and -the shout, "Moriamur pro rege nostro, Maria Theresâ!" called all +the shout, "Moriamur pro rege nostro, Maria Theresâ!" called all Hungary to arms. The tide of invasion was rolled back beyond the Alps and the Rhine, and the empire was saved.</p> <blockquote><p>"<span lang="fr" xml:lang="fr">On avait vu</span>," says Montesquieu, "<span lang="fr" xml:lang="fr">la -maison d'Autriche travailler sans reláche -à opprimer la noblesse Hongroise; elle +maison d'Autriche travailler sans reláche +à opprimer la noblesse Hongroise; elle ignorait de quel prix elle lui serait un jour. Elle cherchait chez ces peuples de -l'argent, qui n'y était pas; elle ne voyait -pas les hommes, qui y étaient. Lorsque +l'argent, qui n'y était pas; elle ne voyait +pas les hommes, qui y étaient. Lorsque tant de princes partagaient entre eux ces -états, toutes les pièces de la monarchie, +états, toutes les pièces de la monarchie, immobiles et sans action, tombaient, pour ainsi dire, les unes sur les autres. Il n'y avait de vie que dans cette noblesse, qui s'indigna, oublia tout pour combattre, -et cru qu'il était de sa gloire de périr et +et cru qu'il était de sa gloire de périr et de pardonner.</span>"</p></blockquote> <p>The nobles of Hungary had fallen by thousands; many families had been @@ -8243,41 +8203,41 @@ clever empress-queen extended Austrian influence and authority into Hungary.</p> <blockquote><p>"<span lang="fr" xml:lang="fr">Il est curieux</span>," (he says,) "<span lang="fr" xml:lang="fr">de voir, -dans les châteaux de Hongrie, les galeries +dans les châteaux de Hongrie, les galeries de portraits de famille. Aussi haut que l'on remonte, ce ne sont d'abord que de graves figures orientales. Les hommes -out la mine heroïque, comme on se représente +out la mine heroïque, comme on se représente ces hardis cavaliers, qui invariablement finissaient par se faire tuer dans quelque action contre les Turcs; les femmes -sont austères et tristes ainsi qu'elles -devaient l'être en effet. A partir de -Marie-Therèse, tout change et la physionomie +sont austères et tristes ainsi qu'elles +devaient l'être en effet. A partir de +Marie-Therèse, tout change et la physionomie et l'expression des personnages. -On voit bien que ceux-là ont paru à la +On voit bien que ceux-là ont paru à la cour de Vienne, et y ont appris les belles -manières. Le contraste est frappant dans +manières. Le contraste est frappant dans le portrait du magnat qui le premier -épousa une Allemande. Le Hongrois, +épousa une Allemande. Le Hongrois, seul, occupe un coin de la toile. Il est debout, digne, la main gauche sur la -poignée de son sabre recourbée; la droite +poignée de son sabre recourbée; la droite tient une masse d'armes. De formidables -éperons sont cloués à ses bottines jaunes. -Il porte un long dolman galonné, et une -culotte de hussard brodée d'or. Sur son -épaule est attachée une riche pelisse, ou +éperons sont cloués à ses bottines jaunes. +Il porte un long dolman galonné, et une +culotte de hussard brodée d'or. Sur son +épaule est attachée une riche pelisse, ou une peau de tigre. Sa moustache noire -pend à la turque, et de grands cheveux +pend à la turque, et de grands cheveux tombent en boucles sur son cou. Il y a -du barbare dans cet homme-là. Sa femme, +du barbare dans cet homme-là . Sa femme, assise, en robe de cour, est au milieu -du tableau. Elle règne et elle domine. -Près de son fauteuil se tiennent les enfants, -qui ont déjà les yeux bleus et les -lèvres Autrichiennes. Les enfants sont à -elle, à elle seule. Ils sont poudrés comme +du tableau. Elle règne et elle domine. +Près de son fauteuil se tiennent les enfants, +qui ont déjà les yeux bleus et les +lèvres Autrichiennes. Les enfants sont à +elle, à elle seule. Ils sont poudrés comme elle, lui ressemblent, l'entourent, et lui parlent. Ils parlent l'Allemand, bien entendu.</span>"—(Pp. 17-18.)</p></blockquote> @@ -8430,7 +8390,7 @@ century, had for several generations been distinguished amongst the nations of Europe, when another pagan tribe from the same stock—issuing like them from the Mongolian plains, and turning the Black Sea by the south, as they had done by the north—crossed the -Bosphorus, overturned the throne of the Cæsars, and established on its +Bosphorus, overturned the throne of the Cæsars, and established on its ruins an Asiatic empire, which became the terror of Christendom. The Majjars, converted to Christianity, encountered on the banks of the Danube this cognate race, converted to Islamism, and became the first @@ -8715,7 +8675,7 @@ The diet of 1805 resembled that of 1802—the same promises ending in similar disappointment.</p> <p>The diet of 1807 was more remarkable. To the usual demands was added -the royal proposition, that the "insurrection," or <i lang="fr" xml:lang="fr">levée en masse</i>, +the royal proposition, that the "insurrection," or <i lang="fr" xml:lang="fr">levée en masse</i>, should be organised, and ready to march at the first signal. The patience of the nation was exhausted. The diet represented to the king, in firm but respectful addresses, the disorder in the finances @@ -8741,7 +8701,7 @@ Hungary turned the current of the national feeling. It was now the sacred soil of Hungary that was threatened with desecration, and the diet not only voted all the subsidies and 20,000 recruits, but the whole body of the nobles or freemen spontaneously offered one-sixth of -their incomes, and a <i lang="fr" xml:lang="fr">levée en masse</i> was decreed for three years. +their incomes, and a <i lang="fr" xml:lang="fr">levée en masse</i> was decreed for three years. Napoleon's attempts to detach the Hungarians from the cause of their king were unavailing, and their devotion to his person was never more conspicuous than when he had lost the power to reward it.</p> @@ -9877,14 +9837,14 @@ and Mr Robertson has characterised the whole school of the Reaction.</p></div> <div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_7_7" id="Footnote_7_7"></a><a href="#FNanchor_7_7"><span class="label">[7]</span></a> <i>Philosophy of History.</i></p></div> <div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_8_8" id="Footnote_8_8"></a><a href="#FNanchor_8_8"><span class="label">[8]</span></a> <i lang="fr" xml:lang="fr">De l'Etat et des besoins Religieux et Moraux des -Populations en France</i>: par <span class="smcap">M. l'Abbé J. Bonnetat</span>. Paris. 1845.</p></div> +Populations en France</i>: par <span class="smcap">M. l'Abbé J. Bonnetat</span>. Paris. 1845.</p></div> <div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_9_9" id="Footnote_9_9"></a><a href="#FNanchor_9_9"><span class="label">[9]</span></a> See <i>Blackwood</i>, October 1845.</p></div> -<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_10_10" id="Footnote_10_10"></a><a href="#FNanchor_10_10"><span class="label">[10]</span></a> "<span lang="fr" xml:lang="fr">Le Souverain Pontife est la base nécessaire, unique, et -exclusive du Christianisme.... Si les évènements contrarient ce que -j'avance, j'appelle sur ma mémoire le mépris et les risées de la -postérité.</span>"—<i>Du Pape</i>, chap. v. p. 268.</p></div> +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_10_10" id="Footnote_10_10"></a><a href="#FNanchor_10_10"><span class="label">[10]</span></a> "<span lang="fr" xml:lang="fr">Le Souverain Pontife est la base nécessaire, unique, et +exclusive du Christianisme.... Si les évènements contrarient ce que +j'avance, j'appelle sur ma mémoire le mépris et les risées de la +postérité.</span>"—<i>Du Pape</i>, chap. v. p. 268.</p></div> <div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_11_11" id="Footnote_11_11"></a><a href="#FNanchor_11_11"><span class="label">[11]</span></a> <i>Remarks on the Government Scheme of National Education in Scotland</i>, 1848.</p></div> @@ -9925,7 +9885,7 @@ previously established."—<i>Minutes for 1847-8</i>, vol. l, p. lxiv.</p></ <div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_15_15" id="Footnote_15_15"></a><a href="#FNanchor_15_15"><span class="label">[15]</span></a> In many parishes side schools are built and endowed, in addition to the parish school, from the same funds: the salary in -these cases being fixed by the Act at about £17.</p></div> +these cases being fixed by the Act at about £17.</p></div> <div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_16_16" id="Footnote_16_16"></a><a href="#FNanchor_16_16"><span class="label">[16]</span></a> <i>Parliamentary Inquiry</i>, 1837, <i>Appendix</i>.</p></div> @@ -9955,8 +9915,8 @@ Church of Scotland's Ladies' Gaelic School Society, and placed under your committee's charge, 20; in all, 209."</p></div> <div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_19_19" id="Footnote_19_19"></a><a href="#FNanchor_19_19"><span class="label">[19]</span></a> <i lang="de" xml:lang="de">Reise nach dem Ararat und dem Hochland Armenien</i>, von Dr -<span class="smcap">Moritz Wagner</span>. <span lang="de" xml:lang="de">Mit einem Anhange: Beiträge zur Naturgeshichte des -Hochlandes Armenien. Stuttgart und Tübinger</span>, 1848.</p></div> +<span class="smcap">Moritz Wagner</span>. <span lang="de" xml:lang="de">Mit einem Anhange: Beiträge zur Naturgeshichte des +Hochlandes Armenien. Stuttgart und Tübinger</span>, 1848.</p></div> <div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_20_20" id="Footnote_20_20"></a><a href="#FNanchor_20_20"><span class="label">[20]</span></a> <i lang="de" xml:lang="de">Reise in der Regentschaft Algier in den Jahren 1836-8.</i> 3 volumes. Leipzig, 1841.</p></div> @@ -9994,7 +9954,7 @@ of the Russian <i>telega</i>, besides suffering greatly from the assaults of vermin, and who found so little matter where with to fill his journal."—<i lang="de" xml:lang="de">Reise nach dem Ararat, &c.</i>, p. 15.</p></div> -<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_23_23" id="Footnote_23_23"></a><a href="#FNanchor_23_23"><span class="label">[23]</span></a> <i lang="fr" xml:lang="fr">Une Visite â Monsieur le Duc de Bordeaux.</i> Par <span class="smcap">Charles +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_23_23" id="Footnote_23_23"></a><a href="#FNanchor_23_23"><span class="label">[23]</span></a> <i lang="fr" xml:lang="fr">Une Visite â Monsieur le Duc de Bordeaux.</i> Par <span class="smcap">Charles Didier</span>. Paris: 1849. <i lang="fr" xml:lang="fr">Dieu le Veut.</i> Par <span class="smcap">Vicomte d'Arlincourt</span>. Paris: 1848-9.</p></div> @@ -10015,11 +9975,11 @@ Cambridge.</p></div> </p> <div class="poem" lang="la" xml:lang="la"><div class="stanza"> <span class="i0">"Narratur et prisci Catonis<br /></span> -<span class="i0">Sæpe mero caluisse virtus."—<span class="smcap">Horace</span>, <i>Odes</i>.<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Sæpe mero caluisse virtus."—<span class="smcap">Horace</span>, <i>Odes</i>.<br /></span> </div></div> </div> -<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_28_28" id="Footnote_28_28"></a><a href="#FNanchor_28_28"><span class="label">[28]</span></a> <span class="smcap">Virgil</span>, <i>Æneid</i>, i. 415.</p></div> +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_28_28" id="Footnote_28_28"></a><a href="#FNanchor_28_28"><span class="label">[28]</span></a> <span class="smcap">Virgil</span>, <i>Æneid</i>, i. 415.</p></div> <div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_29_29" id="Footnote_29_29"></a><a href="#FNanchor_29_29"><span class="label">[29]</span></a> It was the fanciful opinion of Hume that the purer Divinities of pagan worship, and the system of the Homeric Olympus, @@ -10032,7 +9992,7 @@ and the Tyrol were acquired. Hence the lines— </p> <div class="poem" lang="la" xml:lang="la"><div class="stanza"> <span class="i0">"Bella gerant alii; tu, felix Austria, nube:<br /></span> -<span class="i0">Nam quæ Mars aliis, dat tibi regna Venus."<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Nam quæ Mars aliis, dat tibi regna Venus."<br /></span> <span class="i0"> <br /></span> <span class="i0">You, Austria, wed as others wage their wars;<br /></span> <span class="i0">And crowns to Venus owe, as they to Mars.<br /></span> @@ -10057,385 +10017,6 @@ the original. They have been anchored to the chapter headings on those pages.</p> </div> - - - - - - - - -<pre> - - - - - -End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Blackwood's Edinburgh Magazine, Volume -65, No. 403, May, 1849, by Various - -*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK BLACKWOOD'S MAGAZINE, MAY 1849 *** - -***** This file should be named 40397-h.htm or 40397-h.zip ***** -This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: - http://www.gutenberg.org/4/0/3/9/40397/ - -Produced by Brendan OConnor, Jonathan Ingram, JoAnn -Greenwood and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at -http://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images -generously made available by The Internet Library of Early -Journals.) - - -Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions -will be renamed. - -Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no -one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation -(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without -permission and without paying copyright royalties. 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