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diff --git a/40315-h/40315-h.htm b/40315-h/40315-h.htm index e3f5fb5..aa4fbaa 100644 --- a/40315-h/40315-h.htm +++ b/40315-h/40315-h.htm @@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd"> <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en" lang="en"> <head> - <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1" /> + <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" /> <title>The Contemporary Review, Volume 36, Issue 4, Published December 1879.</title> @@ -59,44 +59,7 @@ </style> </head> <body> - - -<pre> - -The Project Gutenberg EBook of The Contemporary Review, Volume 36, -December 1879, by Various - -This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with -almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or -re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included -with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org/license - - -Title: The Contemporary Review, Volume 36, December 1879 - -Author: Various - -Release Date: July 25, 2012 [EBook #40315] - -Language: English - -Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1 - -*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE CONTEMPORARY REVIEW *** - - - - -Produced by Barbara Tozier, Bill Tozier, Lesley Halamek -and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at -http://www.pgdp.net - - - - - - -</pre> +<div>*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK 40315 ***</div> <p><a name="top" id="top"></a></p> <table summary="transcriber note" style="margin-top: 2em; margin-bottom: 3em;"> @@ -269,7 +232,7 @@ speaking only for myself, lofty and Christian, to the extent of an almost ideal perfection. If we do go forward straight in the direction which Mr. Ruskin points out, I know we shall come, sooner or later, to a chasm right across our path. Some of us, I hope, will undauntedly -cross it. Let each judge for himself, <ins title="Greek: tô telei pistin pherôn"> +cross it. Let each judge for himself, <ins title="Greek: tô telei pistin pherôn"> τῷ τελει πίστιν φέρων</ins>.</p> <p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page541" id="page541"></a>[pg 541]</span></p> @@ -399,7 +362,7 @@ giving offence.</p> simple and comprehensible statement of the Christian Gospel at starting. Are you not bid to go into <i>all</i> the world and preach it to every creature? (I should myself think the clergyman, most likely to do -good who accepted the <ins title="Greek: pasê tê ktisei">πάση τῆ κτίσει</ins> so literally as at least to +good who accepted the <ins title="Greek: pasê tê ktisei">πάση τῆ κτίσει</ins> so literally as at least to sympathize with St. Francis' sermon to the birds, and to feel that feeding either sheep or fowls, or unmuzzling the ox, or keeping the wrens alive in the snow, would be received by their Heavenly Feeder as the @@ -411,7 +374,7 @@ preaching to them, and that hunting and vivisection were a kind of blasphemy to them, I want only to put the sterner question before your council, <i>how</i> this Gospel is to be preached either "<ins title="Greek: pantachou"> πανταχου</ins>" or -to "<ins title="Greek: panta ta ethnê">πὰντα τά ἔθνη</ins>," if first its preachers have not determined quite +to "<ins title="Greek: panta ta ethnê">πὰντα τά ἔθνη</ins>," if first its preachers have not determined quite clearly what it <i>is</i>? And might not such definition, acceptable to the entire body of the Church of Christ, be arrived at by merely explaining, in @@ -491,7 +454,7 @@ really is something wrong in it?</p> themselves—double-negatived:</p> <div class="poem"> <div class="stanza"> -<p>"<ins title="Greek: ou gar mê katharisêi ... kyrios"> +<p>"<ins title="Greek: ou gar mê katharisêi ... kyrios"> οὐ γὰρ μὴ καθαρίσῃ . . . κύριος</ins>"?</p> </div> </div> @@ -1442,7 +1405,7 @@ describes the state of feeling existing there:—</p> Muhammadan priesthood; with them it literally burns with an undying flame; from what I know of Delhi in 1857-58, from what I am authentically informed of in respect to Hyderabad at that time, I believe that not more fiercely does the -tiger hunger for his prey, than does the Mussulman fanatìc throughout India +tiger hunger for his prey, than does the Mussulman fanatìc throughout India thirst for the blood of the white infidel." </p></blockquote> @@ -1757,7 +1720,7 @@ provision should be made in the budgets of each year. Famine expenditure could not be estimated at a smaller sum than a million and a half annually. This sum he now proposed to raise by means of a License Tax on trades and dealings, to be levied throughout India, and -which, it was estimated, would yield £700,000. The remainder of the +which, it was estimated, would yield £700,000. The remainder of the sum required was to be obtained by a tax on the agricultural classes in Northern India and Bengal alone. The peculiar incidence of these taxes was justified on the ground that the classes taxed were @@ -1808,8 +1771,8 @@ convince your Lordships that, <i>without unduly pressing on the resources of Ind there will be no necessity to call on the English revenues—at least during the present financial year. It was announced by my noble friend in another place the <span class="pagenum"><a name="page569" id="page569"></a>[pg 569]</span> -other night that, <i>including the £1,500,000 of new taxes</i>, the surplus of Indian -revenue will amount to £2,136,000." +other night that, <i>including the £1,500,000 of new taxes</i>, the surplus of Indian +revenue will amount to £2,136,000." </p></blockquote> <p>A fortnight later the "facts" of which Lord Cranbrook professed to be @@ -1910,7 +1873,7 @@ people of India for any exclusive benefit to their English fellow-subjects." that "he was of opinion that, with the exception of about forty thousand pounds sterling, the duties were not protective, because Manchester had no Indian competitors in finer manufactures. He thought -the £800,000 collected yearly as duty, on finer fabrics, a fair item of +the £800,000 collected yearly as duty, on finer fabrics, a fair item of revenue. With regard to the duty on coarse goods, he thought it protective, because Bombay mills competed with Manchester; but he did not see how it could be abolished, because it would lead to irregularities @@ -1923,7 +1886,7 @@ related—when the Indian Government frankly acknowledged that it was <span class="pagenum"><a name="page571" id="page571"></a>[pg 571]</span> beyond their power to estimate their future expenditure, even approximately, the Indian Government deliberately sacrificed revenue to the -amount of £200,000 derived from this source. The motives which +amount of £200,000 derived from this source. The motives which persuaded them to this sacrifice may have been as pure as driven snow; but with Lord Lytton's assurances fresh in their memories, I need not say that their motives were not so interpreted by those in India. There @@ -1938,7 +1901,7 @@ long delayed, and, like the steward who had wasted his master's goods, they hastened to make themselves friends of the mammon of unrighteousness. While, therefore, the war was still nominally unfinished, they sought to propitiate Manchester by throwing its merchants this sop of -£200,000. Like Canning's famous policy of calling on the New World +£200,000. Like Canning's famous policy of calling on the New World to redress the balance of the Old, the prestige of Imperialism, damaged by the failure in Afghanistan, was to be re-established in Manchester at the expense of the Indian taxpayer.</p> @@ -1948,13 +1911,13 @@ partial repeal of the Cotton Duties, it is a pity that they did not communicate it to the world. The reason which they did condescend to give was simply this—that the finances of the Empire were so heavily embarrassed, and in such confusion, that it was a matter of no consequence -if they become still further involved to the extent of £200,000. +if they become still further involved to the extent of £200,000. I give the actual words, that I may not be suspected of caricaturing the Government:—</p> <blockquote><p> "The difficulties caused by the increased loss by exchange are great, but they -will not practically be aggravated to an appreciable extent by the loss of £200,000. +will not practically be aggravated to an appreciable extent by the loss of £200,000. If the fresh fall in the exchange should prove to be temporary, such a loss will possess slight importance. If, on the other hand, the loss by exchange does not diminish ... it will become necessary to take measures of a most serious @@ -1964,7 +1927,7 @@ contrary, such retention will become more difficult than ever." </p></blockquote> <p>According to the Government of India, it was the peculiarity of -these £200,000 to be simply an incumbrance, happen what might. +these £200,000 to be simply an incumbrance, happen what might. If the exchange did <i>not</i> fall, they were reduced to insignificance; if it did fall, their retention became more difficult than ever. The reader will not be surprised to learn that these enigmatic propositions were @@ -2030,7 +1993,7 @@ the Press Commissioner has already fallen upon one journal. The Calcutta <i>Statesman</i>, having poured ridicule on this Press Commissioner, has been deprived of his ministrations. In brief, the Press Commissionership is simply an agency for bribing the English Press, -which costs the Indian taxpayer the sum annually of £5000. But +which costs the Indian taxpayer the sum annually of £5000. But the most effective check on the arbitrary authority of the Governor-General is furnished by his Council. These are selected as men of long Indian experience, in order to aid the Governor-General with @@ -2336,7 +2299,7 @@ other agencies called into play. Some plants, such as the <i>Hypericum</i> the bindweed, are, it seems, fertilized by the withering of the corolla, which naturally brings the stamens into contact with the style, and so transfers the pollen grains from the one to the other.<a id="footnotetagiii8" name="footnotetagiii8"></a><a class="ask" href="#footnoteiii8"><sup>8</sup></a> Other plants, -again, such as the common centaury (<i>Erythræa centaurium</i>) and the +again, such as the common centaury (<i>Erythræa centaurium</i>) and the <i>Chlora perfoliata</i>, are fertilized by the closing of the corolla over the anthers and stigma, not in the death but in the sleep of the plant.<a id="footnotetagiii9" name="footnotetagiii9"></a><a class="ask" href="#footnoteiii9"><sup>9</sup></a> In the brilliant autumnal <i>Colchicum</i>, and in the <i>Sternbergia</i>, again, @@ -2352,7 +2315,7 @@ arrangement is described as occurring in the bright-flowered <i>Pedicularis</i>.<a id="footnotetagiii11" name="footnotetagiii11"></a><a class="ask" href="#footnoteiii11"><sup>11</sup></a></p> <p>Let us take another group of beautiful flowers which adorn our -greenhouses and our tables: I mean the <i>Asclepiadæ</i>, to which the +greenhouses and our tables: I mean the <i>Asclepiadæ</i>, to which the <i>Stephanotis</i> and the <i>Hoya</i> belong. The former is distinguished by the beauty of its scent as well as of its flowers. Both present flowers not @@ -2363,7 +2326,7 @@ facts appear to be just the other way. The pollen is collected together into waxy masses, which are arranged in a very peculiar manner on the pistil; and the pollen tubes pass from the pollen grains whilst still enclosed within the anthers, and so bring about fertilization without the -intervention of insect agency. It is difficult to suppose the <i>Asclepiadæ</i> +intervention of insect agency. It is difficult to suppose the <i>Asclepiadæ</i> can have become beautiful for the sake of an agency of which they never avail themselves.</p> @@ -2534,7 +2497,7 @@ of material and vital force requisite for the production of the large and conspicuous corolla. The one is fertilized by every wind that blows; the other, especially in the case of highly-specialized flowers like the orchids, may be incapable of fertilization except by a very few insects. -The celebrated Madagascar orchid <i>Angræcum</i> can be fertilized, it is said, +The celebrated Madagascar orchid <i>Angræcum</i> can be fertilized, it is said, only by a moth with a proboscis from ten to fourteen inches long—a moth so rare or local that it is as yet known to naturalists only by prophecy. It is difficult to suppose that it would be beneficial for @@ -2559,7 +2522,7 @@ of the growth of the coal, when this plant lived, the vast forests seem principally to have been composed of trees without conspicuous blossoms, huge club mosses and marestails, and many conifers; in the earlier periods of this earth we have no trace of conspicuous blossom, and it is -not till the upper chalk that the oaks and myrtles and <i>Proteaceæ</i> appear +not till the upper chalk that the oaks and myrtles and <i>Proteaceæ</i> appear as denizens of the forests. In like manner, if we refer to the appearance of insects on the earth, we have no clear trace in very early strata of @@ -2647,7 +2610,7 @@ their leaves. The large but delicate yellow groups of the male flowers of the Scotch pine (not to travel beyond very familiar plants) are very conspicuous in the early summer—much more so, to my eye at least, than many flowers which are supposed to stake their lives on attraction -by being conspicuous. Hermann Müller has observed on this same +by being conspicuous. Hermann Müller has observed on this same fact, and considers it to be clear that the display of colour can be of no use to the plant, and must therefore be regarded as "a merely accidental phenomenon,"<a id="footnotetagiii21" name="footnotetagiii21"></a><a class="ask" href="#footnoteiii21"><sup>21</sup></a>—<i>i.e.</i>, a phenomenon not accounted for by utility.</p> @@ -2880,7 +2843,7 @@ and pilasters added <i>ad libitum</i>, and a glimpse of a long wall with oblong <span class="pagenum"><a name="page589" id="page589"></a>[pg 589]</span> openings cut in it, stretching the whole length of the street. One of the abominable regiments of black statues which disfigure London stood -near the corner, the nicely-finished buttons of whose paletôt, and the +near the corner, the nicely-finished buttons of whose paletôt, and the creases of whose boots (the originals of which must have been made by Hoby), had often been my wonder, if not admiration.</p> @@ -2927,9 +2890,9 @@ and of the manner in which they were made, would be lost.</p> <p>It is commonly supposed that the taste of the French is better than our own, and the pretty, the bizarre, the becoming, may indeed be said to belong to their domain; but high art is not their vocation. A certain -harmony is obtained by quenching colour, as in the "Soupir étouffé," the +harmony is obtained by quenching colour, as in the "Soupir étouffé," the <span class="pagenum"><a name="page590" id="page590"></a>[pg 590]</span> -"Bismarck malade," the "rose dégradée," the "Celadon" of the Sèvres +"Bismarck malade," the "rose dégradée," the "Celadon" of the Sèvres china, all eighth and tenth degrees of dilution; but pure colour, like that of Persia and of the East generally, they never now dare to dip their hands into. The gorgeous effects of their own old painted glass, the @@ -2939,7 +2902,7 @@ of Normandy, are far beyond their present reach.</p> <p>The stained glass of all countries in Europe, indeed, belonging to the good times, is a feast of colour which none of the modern work can approach. There is a "Last Judgment," said to be from designs by -Albert Dürer, which was taken in a sea-fight on its road to Spain, and +Albert Dürer, which was taken in a sea-fight on its road to Spain, and put up in a little church at Fairford, in Gloucestershire, which dazzles us with its splendour; and the scraps which are still to be found all over England in village churches (many of which are now believed @@ -3010,7 +2973,7 @@ the architectural design when at its highest point of excellence.</p> detail of ornament, with holy words and combinations of lines in place of natural forms, and soaring beauty of domes, and pierced marble work.</p> -<p>The Middle Age Italian, with its inlaid and decorated façades and +<p>The Middle Age Italian, with its inlaid and decorated façades and wealth of columns, and traceries of gay-coloured stones, and contrasts of brilliant light and dark shadows in the deep-set windows and doors,—bright and lovely like Giotto's Campanile at Florence, rising like a @@ -3124,7 +3087,7 @@ may be very "pretty," but it is certainly no longer a specimen of rare old Early English work. Like the monks of old carefully scratching their invaluable parchment manuscripts, to put in their own words and notes, we have at one fell swoop scratched the history of English ecclesiastical -art off the land, and archæologists are inquiring sadly for instances of +art off the land, and archæologists are inquiring sadly for instances of unrestored churches, which, alas! now are scarcely to be found.</p> <p>What may be the reason why architecture, sculpture, painting, and @@ -3488,11 +3451,11 @@ be over, and that of destruction to have begun.</p> <p class="footnote"><a id="footnoteiv2" name="footnoteiv2"></a><a class="ask" href="#footnotetagiv2"><sup>2</sup></a> The monument to the Duke of Wellington has never received its due meed of praise. With all his faults, poor Stevens was a man of true genius.</p> -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnoteiv3" name="footnoteiv3"></a><a class="ask" href="#footnotetagiv3"><sup>3</sup></a> "Quoique les applaudissemens que j'ai reçus m'aient beaucoup flatté, la moindre critique, -quelque mauvaise qu'elle eût été, m'a toujours causé plus de chagrin que toutes les +<p class="footnote"><a id="footnoteiv3" name="footnoteiv3"></a><a class="ask" href="#footnotetagiv3"><sup>3</sup></a> "Quoique les applaudissemens que j'ai reçus m'aient beaucoup flatté, la moindre critique, +quelque mauvaise qu'elle eût été, m'a toujours causé plus de chagrin que toutes les louanges ne m'aient fait de plaisir," writes Racine to his son. He was silent for twelve years -after the "insuccès de Phêdre." "Quoique le 'Mercure Gallant' était au dessous de rien, -les blessures qu'il fait n'en sont pas moins cruelles à la sensibilité d'un poëte," adds the +after the "insuccès de Phêdre." "Quoique le 'Mercure Gallant' était au dessous de rien, +les blessures qu'il fait n'en sont pas moins cruelles à la sensibilité d'un poëte," adds the <i>Revue des Deux Mondes</i>.</p> <p class="footnote"><a id="footnoteiv4" name="footnoteiv4"></a><a class="ask" href="#footnotetagiv4"><sup>4</sup></a> The group of "Asia," by Foley, in Prince Albert's Memorial, is one of the few exceptions @@ -3791,7 +3754,7 @@ Constantinople. The destruction of the Janissaries was followed by a violent persecution of the sect of Bektachi dervishes, whose founder, Hadji Bektach, had consecrated the first recruits. This was a powerful order, and possessed of immense wealth and influence; but its members -were killed or exiled, and its <i>tékés</i> demolished. It is not easy, however, +were killed or exiled, and its <i>tékés</i> demolished. It is not easy, however, to destroy a religious sect, with a secret organization; and the Bektachis are almost as numerous and powerful to-day as they were fifty years ago, especially in Albania. They are not true Mussulmans, but are generally @@ -5877,7 +5840,7 @@ that of either Brāhmans or Buddhists.</p> <p>It is well known that the code of Manu—which is the best exponent of Brāhmanism—supposes a constant succession of religious guides through an infinite succession of cycles. These cycles are called Kalpas. -Every Kalpa or Æon of time begins with a new creation, and ends with +Every Kalpa or Æon of time begins with a new creation, and ends with a universal dissolution of all existing things—including Brahmā, Vishnu, S′iva, gods, demons, men, and animals—into Brahmă, or the One sole impersonal self-existent Soul of the Universe. In the interval between @@ -5897,7 +5860,7 @@ symmetrical regularity. Each cycle embraces vast terms of years; for in the determination of the world's epochs Indian arithmeticians anticipated <span class="pagenum"><a name="page650" id="page650"></a>[pg 650]</span> centuries ago the wildest hypotheses of modern European science. -A single Kalpa, or Æon, of the Brāhmans consists of 4,320,000,000 +A single Kalpa, or Æon, of the Brāhmans consists of 4,320,000,000 years. It is divided into a thousand periods of four ages (called Satya, Treta, Dvāpara, and Kali), under which there is gradual degeneration until the depths of degeneracy are reached in the Kali age. The @@ -6152,7 +6115,7 @@ other Jinas, like the Buddhist images, are representations of a sage, generally seated in a contemplative posture, with a robe thrown gracefully over one shoulder.</p> -<p>It is not improbable that the S′vetāmbara division of the Jainas were +<p>It is not improbable that the ÂS′vetāmbara division of the Jainas were merely a sect which separated itself from the parent stock in later times, and became in the end numerically the most important, at least in Western India. The Dig-ambaras, however, are still the most @@ -6212,7 +6175,7 @@ anciently, <i>Nirgranthī</i>), who may be seen occasionally in public places clothed in dresses of a similar colour. When these good women draw the ends of their robes over their heads to conceal their features, and cover the -lower part of their faces with pieces of muslin to prevent animalculæ +lower part of their faces with pieces of muslin to prevent animalculæ from entering their mouths, they look very like hooded Roman Catholic nuns. I saw several threading their way through the crowded streets of Ahmedabad, apparently bent, like sisters of mercy, on charitable @@ -6235,7 +6198,7 @@ or divine revelation. The Māgadhī text is sometimes explained by Sanskrit commentaries, and sometimes by commentaries in the Mārwārī dialect, very common among merchants in the West of India. Some of the best known Angas and Upāngas were procured by me -when I was last at Bombay, through the kind assistance of Dr. Bühler; +when I was last at Bombay, through the kind assistance of Dr. Bühler; but it appears doubtful whether they would repay the trouble which a complete perusal and thorough examination of such voluminous writings would entail. It may safely be affirmed that their teaching, like that @@ -6479,7 +6442,7 @@ Buddhist and Jaina temples may be seen arranging their offerings in the form of this symbol, which is shaped like a Greek cross, with the end of each of the four arms bent round in the same direction. The question as to the origin of the emblem has called forth many learned -dissertations from various scholars and archæologists. For my own +dissertations from various scholars and archæologists. For my own part, I am inclined to regard it as a mere rude representation of the four arms of Lakshmī, goddess of good fortune, the bent extremities of the arms denoting her four hands.</p> @@ -6803,7 +6766,7 @@ drew as much public attention as if it had been of any size we like to name. Lord John Manners and Mr. G. S. Smythe had the generosity of heart and the keenness of insight to be the first won over by him, and that against the prejudices of their families. Who has not heard of -their courageous pilgrimage to the Manchester Athenæum to explain to +their courageous pilgrimage to the Manchester Athenæum to explain to Cottonopolis how they proposed to re-make the nation? Then came the "Young England" novels, with which all Europe was shortly ringing—"Coningsby" in 1844, "Sybil" in 1845, "Tancred" in 1847. In the meantime @@ -7140,7 +7103,7 @@ going on within its borders at the time of the "Young England" movement. A great part of his hopes rested on that stir. He was expecting from those most prominent in it a grand resuscitation of the Anglican Church, but in place of that he says Dr. (now Cardinal) -Newman and the other seceders "sought refuge in mediæval superstitions, +Newman and the other seceders "sought refuge in mediæval superstitions, which are generally only the embodiment of pagan ceremonies and creeds." Bearing this in mind, there ought not to be much difficulty in understanding either Lord Beaconsfield's position towards the Ritualists, @@ -7346,7 +7309,7 @@ his colleagues are the true humanitarians.</p> on the part of the Government, is not the one on which they mainly rely. They have never pretended to be knights-errant for the righting of wrongs throughout the world. What contents them is the humbler -<i>rôle</i> of old-fashioned English statesmanship, which seeks first to make +<i>rôle</i> of old-fashioned English statesmanship, which seeks first to make sure of the safety of our own empire and the promotion of our proper interests, doing what further good it can to other peoples incidentally in discharging the fair reasonable obligations which may in that way arise, @@ -8161,7 +8124,7 @@ he rushed into poetry, having just failed in prose. But he <span class="pagenum"><a name="page694" id="page694"></a>[pg 694]</span> warned the public in the preface of his "Revolutionary Epick," that if they did not purchase and admire it, he had done with song. "I am -not," so ran the naïvely self-disclosing sentence, "one of those who find +not," so ran the naïvely self-disclosing sentence, "one of those who find consolation for the neglect of my contemporaries in the imaginary plaudits of posterity." No, nothing in this world, we are quite certain, would ever have consoled Mr. Disraeli for the neglect of his contemporaries. @@ -8191,12 +8154,12 @@ we are positively awed by the number and the enormity of the blunders Mr. Disraeli and Lord Beaconsfield between them have committed, in, as it would seem, the most natural way. It was a mere trifle that, when propounding his second Budget, Mr. Disraeli should have thought -that he had a surplus to the <i>bagatelle</i> amount of £400,000, until Mr. +that he had a surplus to the <i>bagatelle</i> amount of £400,000, until Mr. Gladstone kindly explained to him and to the country that it was a deficiency of that small sum. Some people would be touched deeper to find that in his "Life of Lord George Bentinck" he is of opinion that the crucifixion of the Saviour took place in the reign of Augustus -Cæsar. In the course of the debates on one of the early Reform +Cæsar. In the course of the debates on one of the early Reform measures, he thought, when Lord Dunkellin made a proposal relating to the "rental valuation" in connection with voting qualification, that it was payment of rates that was in question. In his oration on @@ -8329,13 +8292,13 @@ Congress at Marseilles—Reaction against these exaggerations—Dangers Conservative Party inspired by the Clerical spirit—Efforts to create a Republican Conservative Party—"Le Parlement"—Unfortunate effect of the Ministry's Anti-clerical Campaign—Legitimist Banquets—The Bonapartist Party and its hopes—M. Naquet's Campaign in favour of Divorce. <i>Literature</i>: Novels—Mme. Greville, Mme. -Bentzon, M. Lemonnier, M. Gualdi, M. Daudet, M. Zola, Flaubert, M. Theuriet—"L'Eglise Chrétienne," -by M. Renan—"Rodrigue de Villandrando," by M. Quicherat—"Mémoires de Mme. de Rémusat"—"Nouvelle -Revues". <i>Science</i>: Geographical Studies—"Géographie Universelle"—"La Terre et les Hommes," by Elisée +Bentzon, M. Lemonnier, M. Gualdi, M. Daudet, M. Zola, Flaubert, M. Theuriet—"L'Eglise Chrétienne," +by M. Renan—"Rodrigue de Villandrando," by M. Quicherat—"Mémoires de Mme. de Rémusat"—"Nouvelle +Revues". <i>Science</i>: Geographical Studies—"Géographie Universelle"—"La Terre et les Hommes," by Elisée Reclus—Map of France on scale of <span style="font-size: 0.8em"><sup>1</sup></span>⁄<span style="font-size: 0.7em;">100000</span>—Lectures on Historical Geography, by M. A. Longnon. <i>Fine Arts</i>: Subjects opened to Competition—Death of MM. Viollet Le Duc, Cham, Taylor. <i>Theatres</i>: Le Grand -Opera, l'Opéra Populaire, Pasdeloup and Colonne Concerts—Professor Hermann—The Hanlon-Lees—"Jonathan," -by M. Gondinet—"Les Mirabeau," by M. Claretie—Le Théâtre des Nations. +Opera, l'Opéra Populaire, Pasdeloup and Colonne Concerts—Professor Hermann—The Hanlon-Lees—"Jonathan," +by M. Gondinet—"Les Mirabeau," by M. Claretie—Le Théâtre des Nations. </p></blockquote> <p style="line-height: 1%; margin-top: -0.5em;"> </p> @@ -8347,7 +8310,7 @@ at Bordeaux; M. Humbert's election in Paris; the return of the amnestied from New Caledonia; the Workmen's Congress in Marseilles; the Legitimist banquets of September 29; MM. J. Ferry's, Louis Blanc's, and Blanqui's tours in the provinces; the inauguration of Denfert-Rochereau's, -Arago's, and Lamoricière's monuments, have kept France +Arago's, and Lamoricière's monuments, have kept France in a state of perpetual agitation, if not disturbance. And even the business world, which generally slumbers quietly through the summer months, has been stung with a craze for speculation. A number of @@ -8444,10 +8407,10 @@ in some sense well-founded, is the charging it with having no definite political line, and being consequently incapable of any homogeneous influence either upon the Chambers or public opinion. It is quite certain that the Cabinet is wanting in unity; that MM. Waddington, -Léon Say, and Gresley represent a less strongly accentuated political -shade than MM. Le Royer, Jauréguiberry, Tirard, and Cochery, and +Léon Say, and Gresley represent a less strongly accentuated political +shade than MM. Le Royer, Jauréguiberry, Tirard, and Cochery, and these again a less strongly marked shade than MM. J. Ferry, De -Freycinet, and Lepère. Each Minister has his particular plans, and +Freycinet, and Lepère. Each Minister has his particular plans, and occasionally the question suggests itself how far his colleagues approve and support him. In any case, the Cabinet's most important projects, M. Le Royer's judicial reform, M. de Freycinet's plans, the Ferry laws, @@ -8480,29 +8443,29 @@ penitent and pardoned culprits, have, by many—by M. Talandier, M. L. Blanc, and others of the Extreme Left—been welcomed as reinstated martyrs. People even went so far on their arrival as to dare to raise a cry of "Vive la Commune." One of the most criminal, M. Alphonse -Humbert, who edited in 1871 a filthy and bloodthirsty paper, <i>Le Père +Humbert, who edited in 1871 a filthy and bloodthirsty paper, <i>Le Père Duchesne</i>, and in it directly provoked the murder of Gustave Chaudey, has been elected municipal councillor of Paris by the Javel Ward. Though -the Comité Socialiste d'aide aux Amnistiés had rudely repudiated all +the Comité Socialiste d'aide aux Amnistiés had rudely repudiated all community of action with the Republican committee presided over by -V. Hugo, and contemptuously alluded to it as <i>le comité bourgeois</i>, the +V. Hugo, and contemptuously alluded to it as <i>le comité bourgeois</i>, the <i>Rappel</i> did not hesitate to support this candidature, stained as it was with blood. Hardly is old Blanqui released from his imprisonment at Clairvaux when he starts for a tour in the south to propagate his revolutionary doctrines, and finds people credulous enough to applaud -the senile declamations in which he accuses M. Grévy and M. Gambetta +the senile declamations in which he accuses M. Grévy and M. Gambetta of having sold themselves to the Jesuits and the Orleanists. M. Louis Blanc, whilst issuing in book form, under the title of "Dix ans de l'Histoire -d'Angleterre" (Lévy), the wise and impartial letters he addressed to +d'Angleterre" (Lévy), the wise and impartial letters he addressed to <i>Le Temps</i> from London between 1860 and 1870, has reverted to his dreams of 1848, and, more intent on winning a vain popularity than on consolidating -the Republican <i>régime</i>, has aroused the passions and desires +the Republican <i>régime</i>, has aroused the passions and desires of an ignorant multitude by unfolding to them the chimerical and deceptive picture of a complete remodelling of the French Constitution, and the prosperity which, according to him, might be secured to all if they would lay down their liberties and their rights for the benefit of a Socialist State. Finally, the Workmen's Congress in Marseilles -revealed with the utmost naïveté the false notions, the gross +revealed with the utmost naïveté the false notions, the gross ignorance, and the bad instincts that M. Blanqui draws out from a fanatic monomania, and M. Louis Blanc encourages from desire for noisy popularity. The majority of the Congress plainly declared that @@ -8559,7 +8522,7 @@ The thing is to convince this Conservative mass, now enrolled under the banner of clericalism, that it is possible to give the clergy the honours and the liberty they deserve, whilst confining them strictly within the <span class="pagenum"><a name="page702" id="page702"></a>[pg 702]</span> -religious domain, and that the public <i>régime</i> can be a secular one without +religious domain, and that the public <i>régime</i> can be a secular one without recourse to persecution. This is what the few members of the old Left Centre who refused to join the ranks of the Ministerial Left, and are headed by MM. Dufaure, De Montalivet, Ribot, Lamy, &c., are trying @@ -8596,7 +8559,7 @@ awhile untouched, and thus needlessly lessened the number of its partisans. But to be fair, it is certainly very difficult to be impartial and indifferent in face of a body in open revolt against the Government, whose bishops, like Monseigneur Freppel at the inauguration of -the monument to Lamoricière, preach contempt for the Constitution +the monument to Lamoricière, preach contempt for the Constitution and the law. The behaviour of the Belgian episcopate, on the occasion of the new school law, has proved that neither justice nor moderation is to be expected from the Catholic Church. Whence violent minds @@ -8687,10 +8650,10 @@ fourteen cases in which marriage becomes void, whilst the French law only recognises one, mistaken identity, which practically never occurs.</p> <p>We have but to open a French novel, or visit the theatre, to convince -ourselves of the necessity of divorce. Mme. Gréville, in "Lucie +ourselves of the necessity of divorce. Mme. Gréville, in "Lucie Rodey" (Plon), depicts a young woman reduced by her husband to the most wretched condition, with no resource but resignation and a pardon -all but dishonourable to her; Mme. Bentzon, in "Georgette" (Lévy), +all but dishonourable to her; Mme. Bentzon, in "Georgette" (Lévy), describes with exquisite delicacy the painful position of a woman who, separated from her husband, and living on terms the world condemns with a man of elevated character, is driven in the presence of her innocent @@ -8706,7 +8669,7 @@ the peasant suffers read "Un Coin de Village," by M. Camille Lemonnier (Lemerre), a picturesque and piquant young writer, who combines <span class="pagenum"><a name="page705" id="page705"></a>[pg 705]</span> the touching grace of Erckmann-Chatrian with a power of realistic observation -quite his own. If you wish for something more <i>recherché</i>, +quite his own. If you wish for something more <i>recherché</i>, dealing with the richer and higher classes of society, M. Gualdi, a young naturalized Italian, French in talent, provides you with a drama of the most brilliant originality in his "Mariage Extraordinaire" (Lemerre). @@ -8714,13 +8677,13 @@ A charming but poor girl, Elise, is on the point of marrying a man she does not love to save her parents from ruin. She is attached to a young man, Giulio, worthy of her, but poor also; he has been obliged to expatriate himself, and Elise's mother makes her believe that her -<i>fiancé</i> has forgotten and betrayed her. The Comte d'Astorre, an +<i>fiancé</i> has forgotten and betrayed her. The Comte d'Astorre, an elegant and magnificent <i>viveur</i>, with a generous soul under his frivolous exterior, is touched by Elise's fate; to enable her to escape a hateful marriage he offers her the shelter of his name and house, promising that he will consider himself as a friend, not a husband. For a time the compact is kept, but the Comte d'Astorre ends by falling in love with -his wife; the quondam <i>viveur</i> becomes the timid, trembling, and naïf +his wife; the quondam <i>viveur</i> becomes the timid, trembling, and naïf suitor. Elise ends by allowing herself to be moved, and when poor Giulio comes back from India, true to the faith he had sworn, she repulses him, first in the name of duty, and soon, one is made to feel, in @@ -8744,22 +8707,22 @@ characters; and the "Nabab," marvellous as regards truth and vivid detail, was poor as regards composition. In "Les Rois en Exil" we again meet with a number of well-known personages: the King of Hanover, the Queen of Spain, the Prince of Orange, the Queen of -Naples, Don Carlos. Elysée Méraut, the little prince's tutor, is said to -be the portrait of an excellent youth, by name Thérion, also entrusted +Naples, Don Carlos. Elysée Méraut, the little prince's tutor, is said to +be the portrait of an excellent youth, by name Thérion, also entrusted with a prince's education, and who was horrified to find that he believed more firmly in the principles of legitimacy and divine right than his -pupil's parents. The father of Elysée Méraut, the old Legitimist peasant +pupil's parents. The father of Elysée Méraut, the old Legitimist peasant who sees his son's future insured because the Comte de Chambord promises to bear him in mind, is no other than A. Daudet's own father. But all the real portraits are secondary characters that form the background of the <span class="pagenum"><a name="page706" id="page706"></a>[pg 706]</span> picture. The leading personages of the drama, Christian II., the dethroned king of Illyria, who takes his exile very lightly, and forgets it by wallowing -in the mire of Parisian dissipations; his wife, the noble Fréderique, +in the mire of Parisian dissipations; his wife, the noble Fréderique, who lives but for one thing, the recovery of the throne of her husband and son, and in that hope endures every affront; their trusty attendants, -the two Rosens; and finally John Lévis, the unscrupulous man of business, -who knows the tariff of all the vices, and with his wife Séphora, takes +the two Rosens; and finally John Lévis, the unscrupulous man of business, +who knows the tariff of all the vices, and with his wife Séphora, takes advantage of the dissolute weakness of Christian II.,—all these leading figures, though compounded of traits, if not real at least profoundly true, are the author's own creation. They are artistically superior, @@ -8774,7 +8737,7 @@ as to the centre of pleasure, others to that of political intrigue; and is there not a philosophy, historical and political, in M. Daudet's novel, in his picture of Christian II. forced to abdicate his royal pretensions after sacrificing them to the love of an unworthy woman who has -fooled him, and Fréderique bidding farewell to all the hopes that +fooled him, and Fréderique bidding farewell to all the hopes that centred in her little Zara, forgetting everything besides being a mother, and devoting all her powers towards rescuing her child from the sickness that is killing him? It is unfair to M. Daudet to say @@ -8817,7 +8780,7 @@ bringing out the book in <i>feuilletons</i>, was greatly surprised to see its circulation rapidly fail, actually on account of M. Zola's novel. We are afraid the same thing will happen with regard to the work announced by M. Flaubert. This great writer and conscientious artist -is unfortunately persuaded, in spite of his admiration for I. Tourguéneff +is unfortunately persuaded, in spite of his admiration for I. Tourguéneff (that true painter of humanity, of its virtues as of its vices), that the novel should confine itself to the portrayal of the mediocre and uniform mass which makes up the majority of men. Already in @@ -8850,8 +8813,8 @@ that characterizes Theuriet's touch.</p> <p>Were the surly critics to be trusted, we should not be leaving the domain of fiction in turning to the new volume M. Renan has devoted to <span class="pagenum"><a name="page708" id="page708"></a>[pg 708]</span> -the history of the sources of Christianity, entitled "L'Eglise Chrétienne" -(Lévy). It deals with the definitive constitution of the Church, at the +the history of the sources of Christianity, entitled "L'Eglise Chrétienne" +(Lévy). It deals with the definitive constitution of the Church, at the moment when dogma forms itself by contact with, and in opposition to, the various heresies, and the organization of the hierarchy takes place. It is true that M. Renan could, if he so wished, be a wonderful @@ -8860,7 +8823,7 @@ admirably he infuses life into the thousand dry and scattered fragments collected by erudition, and forms them into a co-ordinate and complete whole! With what psychological penetration he enters into the minds of his personages, and makes us familiarly acquainted with the Roman -Cæsars or the Church Fathers! What wealth of imagination! what +Cæsars or the Church Fathers! What wealth of imagination! what witchery of style! At times he is, no doubt, led away by his imagination; too often the desire to invest old facts with life and reality leads him to compare, or even assimilate, the present with the past, and, in @@ -8916,27 +8879,27 @@ an accumulation of documents and testimony would be necessary. Such is Napoleon, whom each day throws some new light upon, and on whom, after his having been magnified beyond all measure, posterity will, no doubt, be called to pass severe judgment. Never was such overwhelming -testimony pronounced against him as in the "Mémoires -de Madame de Rémusat," the first volume of which is just out. -Mme. de Rémusat was so placed as to be more thoroughly +testimony pronounced against him as in the "Mémoires +de Madame de Rémusat," the first volume of which is just out. +Mme. de Rémusat was so placed as to be more thoroughly acquainted than any one with the character of Napoleon. Lady-in-waiting -to Josephine, and wife of one of Napoleon's "Maîtres du +to Josephine, and wife of one of Napoleon's "Maîtres du palais," she bowed for a long while to the ascendancy of Napoleon's genius, and the liking he testified for her was sufficiently strong to awaken, though unjustly, the momentary jealousy of Josephine. The speaker is not an enemy, therefore, but an old friend who tries to explain -at once her adherence to the imperial régime and the motives that caused +at once her adherence to the imperial régime and the motives that caused her to alter her political creed. She is thus in the best state of mind, according to M. Renan, for judging a great man or a doctrine, that of having believed and believing no longer. Add to this the sweetness of mind natural to a woman, and the kind of indulgence peculiar to times when sudden political changes lead to frequent changes of opinion. All -these considerations only render Mme. de Rémusat's testimony the more +these considerations only render Mme. de Rémusat's testimony the more overwhelming for Napoleon, and its value is singularly increased on its being seen to agree with that which all the sincere witnesses of the time, -Ph. de Ségur, Miot de Mélito, as well as Sismondi, lead us to infer. +Ph. de Ségur, Miot de Mélito, as well as Sismondi, lead us to infer. The genius of Napoleon is not diminished, and nothing is more remarkable -than the conversations related by Mme. de Rémusat, wherein he +than the conversations related by Mme. de Rémusat, wherein he judges everything, literature, politics, and history, with a haughty originality from the point of view of his own interests and passions. Some of his sayings relative to the government of men are worthy of @@ -8962,13 +8925,13 @@ to make those he loved best suffer. He treated his wife and his mistresses with brutal contempt; he could no longer lament the death of those who seemed dearest to him. "Je n'ai pas le temps de m'occuper des morts," he said to Talleyrand. By the side of this great figure Mme. de -Rémusat has, in her Memoirs, sketched many others—the frivolous, good, +Rémusat has, in her Memoirs, sketched many others—the frivolous, good, touching, and unfortunate Josephine; the amiable Hortense Beauharnais, the dry, cold Louis, Napoleon's sisters, jealous, proud, and immoral; and others—but all pale before the imperial colossus.</p> <p>Besides M. Daudet's novel, M. Renan's new volume, and the Memoirs -of Mme. de Rémusat, the last three months have witnessed another +of Mme. de Rémusat, the last three months have witnessed another literary event of some consequence—the birth of an important Review, which aims at the position occupied for thirty years past by the <i>Revue des Deux Mondes</i>. The <i>Nouvelle Revue</i> was started and is edited by a @@ -8978,7 +8941,7 @@ strangest feature of it being that Mme. Adam has taken exclusively upon herself the bulletin of foreign politics. If the task of editing a Review be arduous for a man, who in the interest of his undertaking must brave every enmity and quench his individual sympathies, how much more -so for a woman whose staff of contributors is recruited from the <i>habitués</i> +so for a woman whose staff of contributors is recruited from the <i>habitués</i> of her <i>salon</i>, and who must be constantly tempted to carry into her official transactions the habits of gracious hospitality which have made her @@ -9006,7 +8969,7 @@ Revue</i> has been successful; the sale has reached from 6000 to 8000 copies per number, and, without having yet published anything very first-rate, it has been fairly well supplied with pleasant articles. The recollections of the singer Duprez have hitherto been its greatest -attraction. A novel by Mme. Gréville, and articles by MM. de Bornier, +attraction. A novel by Mme. Gréville, and articles by MM. de Bornier, Bigot, and de Gubernatis also deserve mention.</p> <p>Perhaps, after all, our judgment is partial, and the success of the @@ -9022,7 +8985,7 @@ meeting at Montpellier. The geographical section, recently founded, promises to become one of the most active, for geographical studies, so long neglected in France, have suddenly made an extraordinary start. The Geographical Society now has 1700 members, and has built -itself a magnificent <i>hôtel</i>; the Alpine Club, a geographical rather than +itself a magnificent <i>hôtel</i>; the Alpine Club, a geographical rather than a climbing society, is increasing so rapidly in numbers that it is impossible to give the exact figure. It amounts to several thousand. If unscrupulous speculators have taken advantage of this reawakening zeal @@ -9033,7 +8996,7 @@ firm of Hachette holds the first rank. "La Tour du Monde" is an illustrated journal of travels, admirably arranged and printed; the great Historical Atlas and Universal Dictionary of Geography of M. Vivien de Saint Martin have but one fault, the excessive tardiness of their publication. -M. Elisée Reclus's handsome work, "La Terre et les Hommes," on the +M. Elisée Reclus's handsome work, "La Terre et les Hommes," on the contrary, is issued with unexceptionable regularity. The fifth volume, now approaching completion, comprises the countries of Northern Europe, principally Russia, which is now attracting the attention of historians @@ -9059,11 +9022,11 @@ attached in these days to the study of geography is the foundation of Chairs of Geography in several of our Faculties of Letters—Bordeaux, Lyons, Nancy—and a course of lectures on historical geography -at the École des Hautes Études. This course will be given by M. A. -Longnon, whose works on "Les Pagi de la Gaule" and "La Géographie -de la Gaule au sixième siècle," have made him a European authority. +at the École des Hautes Études. This course will be given by M. A. +Longnon, whose works on "Les Pagi de la Gaule" and "La Géographie +de la Gaule au sixième siècle," have made him a European authority. By the combined use of the philological laws of the transmutation of -sounds, historical documents, and archæological data, he has reached a +sounds, historical documents, and archæological data, he has reached a precision it seemed impossible to attain in these matters. He may be said to have founded a new science, and the happiest results are to be expected from his teaching.</p> @@ -9089,17 +9052,17 @@ devils are made to involve themselves in enormous expenses for nothing.</p> <p>The most notable events of the last three months in the artistic world have been the deaths of men variously famous. M. Viollet Le -Duc leaves behind him the twofold reputation of a learned archæologist -of the first order and an archæological architect still more remarkable. +Duc leaves behind him the twofold reputation of a learned archæologist +of the first order and an archæological architect still more remarkable. He had fame, indeed, of a third kind—as a stirring and noisy politician, who, from having been one of Napoleon III.'s familiar associates, and a -constant guest at Compiègne, became one of the most advanced members +constant guest at Compiègne, became one of the most advanced members of the Municipal Council of Paris, a <i>courtisan</i> of the multitude. But one is glad to forget him under these unfavourable aspects and to think of him only as the author of the two great historical dictionaries of "L'Architecture" and "Le Mobilier," and the clever and learned restorer <span class="pagenum"><a name="page713" id="page713"></a>[pg 713]</span> -of our mediæval monuments. Thanks to him, Notre Dame has +of our mediæval monuments. Thanks to him, Notre Dame has been completed and finished, and reconstituted in the very spirit of the thirteenth century; thanks to him, we have at Pierrefonds the perfect model of a feudal castle. An indefatigable worker, this Radical has allied @@ -9108,7 +9071,7 @@ of Catholic and Monarchical France.</p> <p>Of a slighter, but perhaps more universal kind still was the reputation of the caricaturist Cham, or, to speak more correctly, the Viscomte de -Noé. Son of a French peer known for his retrograde opinions, Cham +Noé. Son of a French peer known for his retrograde opinions, Cham worked all his life for the Republican papers, though people say he adhered to his Legitimist opinions. But he enjoyed an independence in the Republican papers which would not have been allowed him by the reactionary @@ -9117,11 +9080,11 @@ to be able to give free play to his humour. The spring of Cham's humour was inexhaustible. An indifferent and monotonous draughtsman, his mind was wholly and entirely in the story of his drawings. The war of ridicule he waged in 1848 against the Socialistic theories of Proudhon, -Pierre Leroux, Cabet, and Considérant exercised an undoubted +Pierre Leroux, Cabet, and Considérant exercised an undoubted influence on the public mind. His comic reviews of the annual Salon contained, amongst many amusing follies, some just and stinging criticisms. Cham leaves no successor, Bertall, who is a cleverer -draughtsman, has none of his wit; Grévin can only sketch with exquisite +draughtsman, has none of his wit; Grévin can only sketch with exquisite grace the ladies of the demi-monde and the young fops of the boulevard; Gill's political caricatures are either bitter or violent. The lively and good-natured raillery of Cham has no doubt vanished for ever.</p> @@ -9131,7 +9094,7 @@ be mentioned, who, himself an indifferent artist, was the unfailing patron, the providence of artists, Baron Taylor, who died almost at the same time as Cham. He it was who taught artists to form themselves into associations against want. He was in particular the soul of the -Société des Artistes Dramatiques, and amongst the immense crowd that +Société des Artistes Dramatiques, and amongst the immense crowd that attended his funeral were, no doubt, hundreds indebted to him for an easy career and a sure means of existence.</p> @@ -9148,17 +9111,17 @@ has been dragging on in for so long, with its current repertory of two or three antiquated works, barely bringing out a new one in four or five years. True, we have not got beyond good intentions until now, M. Gounod still intending to retouch the "Tribu de Zamora," M. A. -Thomas to finish his "Françoise de Rimini," and M. Saint-Saens still +Thomas to finish his "Françoise de Rimini," and M. Saint-Saens still <span class="pagenum"><a name="page714" id="page714"></a>[pg 714]</span> unsuccessful in getting his "Etienne Marcel" accepted. Besides the -Grand Opéra there is L'Opéra Populaire located in the Gaîté's old +Grand Opéra there is L'Opéra Populaire located in the Gaîté's old quarters, which intends, it is said, to revive the lost traditions of the lyric theatre, and to be the theatre of the young generation and of reform. But at present it is to the Pasdeloup and Colonne Concerts that the rising musical school owes the opportunity of making itself heard, and the Parisian public its familiar acquaintance with foreign works. The great reputation M. Saint-Saens now enjoys was made at Colonne's -Concerts at the Châtelet. Lately Schumann's "Manfred" was given +Concerts at the Châtelet. Lately Schumann's "Manfred" was given there. At the Cirque the "Symphonie Fantastique," by Berlioz, was played with immense success, also for the first time a pianoforte concerto by the Russian composer, Tschaikovsky, and M. Pasdeloup shortly @@ -9166,9 +9129,9 @@ intends to give a performance of the whole of the music of "Lohengrin."</p> <p>Considered apart from music, the theatre is far from improving, and has, moreover, become the scene of performances that bear no relation -to dramatic art. At the Nouveautés, Professor Hermann, of Vienna, is +to dramatic art. At the Nouveautés, Professor Hermann, of Vienna, is performing sleight-of-hand feats bordering on the miraculous; at the -Variétés the Hanlon-Lees have transformed the stage into a gymnasium, +Variétés the Hanlon-Lees have transformed the stage into a gymnasium, where they defy every law of equilibrium and gravity. Holden's Marionettes, also one of the great attractions of the day, are not more dislocated or agile than these wonderful mountebanks. In the way of @@ -9180,7 +9143,7 @@ get accepted on the stage a story so scandalous that a brief account of it would be intolerable? By dint of shifts, doubtful insinuations, fun, and spirit, the sight of it is just rendered endurable. No heed is paid to truth, nor to either character or manners. It is the last utterance -of the literary decadence. We thought that with "Bébé" we had +of the literary decadence. We thought that with "Bébé" we had reached the utmost limits of this kind of piece. To "Jonathan" is due the honour of having extended those limits.</p> @@ -9190,9 +9153,9 @@ It exhibits, like all M. Claretie's works, rather a careless facility, but at the same time a true understanding of the Revolutionary period; the tone is strong and healthy, and some scenes, in which Mdlle. Rousseil shows herself a great actress, are exceedingly dramatic. It is -given at an enterprising theatre, the Théâtre des Nations, which is devoting +given at an enterprising theatre, the Théâtre des Nations, which is devoting itself to historical drama, and, in a double series of dramatic -matinées held on Sunday afternoons, is giving, on the one hand, a +matinées held on Sunday afternoons, is giving, on the one hand, a set of plays relating to every epoch of French history, on the other, a set of foreign plays translated into French, and intended to promote the knowledge of the dramatic works of other countries, ancient as well as @@ -9209,7 +9172,7 @@ wish every success.</p> <p>Some of the words from the Article, "Hinduisn and Jainism" contain stand-alone acute accents, which have been retained.</p> -<p>e.g., As´oka; Pars´vanātha; Pajjūsan; Sādhvinī; S´iva-rātri; Upās´raya.</p> +<p>e.g., As´oka; Pars´vanātha; Pajjūsan; Sādhvinī; S´iva-rātri; Upās´raya.</p> <h4>Errata</h4> @@ -9227,7 +9190,7 @@ wish every success.</p> <p>Page 714: Extraneous 'the' removed.</p> -<p>"Besides the Grand Opéra there is L'Opéra Populaire [the] located...."</p> +<p>"Besides the Grand Opéra there is L'Opéra Populaire [the] located...."</p> <a href="#top">Return to Top</a> @@ -9235,388 +9198,7 @@ wish every success.</p> </tr> </table> - - - - - - - -<pre> - - - - - -End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of The Contemporary Review, Volume 36, -December 1879, by Various - -*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE CONTEMPORARY REVIEW *** - -***** This file should be named 40315-h.htm or 40315-h.zip ***** -This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: - http://www.gutenberg.org/4/0/3/1/40315/ - -Produced by Barbara Tozier, Bill Tozier, Lesley Halamek -and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at -http://www.pgdp.net - - -Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions -will be renamed. - -Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no -one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation -(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without -permission and without paying copyright royalties. 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