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diff --git a/40311.txt b/40311.txt deleted file mode 100644 index 21f2be5..0000000 --- a/40311.txt +++ /dev/null @@ -1,1837 +0,0 @@ -The Project Gutenberg EBook of China and Pottery Marks, by Unknown - -This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with -almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or -re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included -with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org - - -Title: China and Pottery Marks - -Author: Unknown - -Release Date: July 24, 2012 [EBook #40311] - -Language: English - -Character set encoding: ASCII - -*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK CHINA AND POTTERY MARKS *** - - - - -Produced by Chris Curnow and the Online Distributed -Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This file was -produced from images generously made available by The -Internet Archive.) - - - - - - - - - - CHINA AND POTTERY MARKS - - - GILMAN COLLAMORE & CO. INC. - - - 15 EAST 56th STREET - NEW YORK - - - - -_Traditions and Old China_ - -_Copyright, 1920, Gilman Collamore & Company, Inc._ - - - - -_Traditions and Old China_ - - -From early days when the ancients showed their appreciation of fine -pottery and old glassware by burying "these most esteemed possessions" -with the dead, fine china has been synonymous with culture and breeding. -With our ancestors for generations we share the tradition that, just as -first editions give prestige to one's book shelves, old china or the -finest work of the modern kilns express readily that good taste and -discrimination that is characteristic of our old families. - -A wealth of association and historic data is to be acquired from the study -of the "fabrique marks" and periods of the master craftsmen. If in America -there was a general tendency toward acquiring, even a smattering, of this -knowledge, there would be less of these drawing-room atrocities which -Arthur Hayden in his "Chats on English Earthenware" points out, "To have a -modern set of vases adorning a Georgian cabinet is like putting new wine -in old bottles." - -For the convenience of the seasoned collector, as well as the beginner, -in this book is a representative list of better known marks by which china -can be identified. While it is not possible to include a complete list, -particularly those of extremely rare specimens, those compiled have -particular reference to the marks of English china which is greatly in -demand by collectors. These will suffice to enable the reader to identify -pieces whenever encountered. - -The signatures or mark which the master craftsmen in earth or clay signed -their products, just as a painter signs his work, were often specially -designed devices of various kinds, often a combination of initials and -dates. Each "fabrique mark" stands for a certain potter's art just as the -modern trade-mark. - -Beginning more than a half century ago in the old La Farge House in lower -Broadway (where John La Farge was born) the house of Gilman Collamore and -Company has done much to develop an appreciation of fine china in America. -It was one of the first houses to bring over from England and France -china, both modern and old, for its American clients. At this time many -fine specimens of old china are on view as well as complete stocks from -the modern English and Continental manufacture. - - GILMAN COLLAMORE & COMPANY, INC. - 15 EAST 56TH STREET - NEW YORK - - - - -Germany and Austria - - -[Illustration] - -DRESDEN - -MEISSEN. Established in 1709. Mark used to 1712, in blue. Hard paste. - -[Illustration] - -DRESDEN - -Mark used from 1712 to 1720, in blue. Hard paste. - -[Illustration] - -DRESDEN - -About 1720, mark in blue. Hard paste. - -[Illustration] - -DRESDEN - -1730, mark in blue. Hard paste. - -[Illustration] - -DRESDEN - -1796. MARCOLINI (Director) PERIOD. Mark in blue. Hard paste. - -[Illustration] - -DRESDEN - -Royal pieces only. Mark in blue. Hard paste. - -[Illustration] - -DRESDEN - -Present mark. This mark with two scratches across it shows imperfect -pieces which may or may not have been decorated in the factory. Hard -paste. - -[Illustration] - -VIENNA - -Established in 1718. This mark first used in 1744. Hard paste. - -Royal factory discontinued in 1864. - -[Illustration] - -BERLIN - -Established in 1751. Wegeleys' mark. Hard paste. - -[Illustration] - -BERLIN - -In 1763 became a royal establishment. Mark in blue. Sometimes an eagle -added. - -[Illustration] - -BERLIN - -Different kind of sceptre. In blue. Hard paste. - -[Illustration] - -BERLIN - -An extra mark used in 1830 with the sceptre, which is the present mark. -This mark complete is never used except with perfect pieces decorated in -the factory. Decorated pieces bearing the blue sceptre mark only are -decorated outside of the factory. - -[Illustration] - -HOCHST, near MAYENCE - -Founded in 1720. This mark, used about 1740, in gold, red, or blue. Hard -paste. - -[Illustration] - -HOCHST, near MAYENCE - -Hard paste. - -[Illustration] - -FRANKENTHAL - -1755 to 1761. First period. Hard paste. - -[Illustration] - -FRANKENTHAL - -1799, second period. Carl Theodore. Hard paste. - -[Illustration] - -FRANKENTHAL - -Phillipp Hanong (Director). Hard paste. - -[Illustration] - -FRANKENTHAL - -Joseph Adam Hanong (Director). Hard paste. - -[Illustration] - -FRANKENTHAL - -John Hanong (Director). Hard paste. - -[Illustration] - -FRANKENTHAL - -1800. Franz Bartolo (Director). Hard paste. - -[Illustration] - -NYMPHENBURG - -Established in 1747. Hard paste. - -[Illustration] - -NYMPHENBURG - -Hard paste. - -[Illustration] - -NYMPHENBURG - -An early mark in blue. Hard paste. - -[Illustration] - -FURSTENBURG - -Established in 1750. Hard paste. - -[Illustration] - -FURSTENBURG - -1758. Hard paste. - -[Illustration] - -LUDWIGSBURG or KRONENBURG - -Established in 1758 to 1806. Hard paste. - -[Illustration] - -LUDWIGSBURG - -First period. Hard paste. - -[Illustration] - -LUDWIGSBURG - -Second period. Hard paste. - -[Illustration] - -LUDWIGSBURG - -Hard paste. Mark in blue. - -[Illustration] - -FULDA - -Established in 1763 to 1780. Hard paste. - -[Illustration] - -FULDA - -Hard paste. The arms of Fulda. - -[Illustration] - -RUDOLSTADT - -Established in 1758. Mark in blue. Hard paste. - -[Illustration] - -RAUENSTEIN - -Established in 1760. Hard paste. - -[Illustration] - -LIMBACH - -Established about 1761. Hard paste. - -[Illustration] - -LIMBACH - -Another mark. Hard paste. - -[Illustration] - -LIMBACH - -Another mark. Hard paste. - -[Illustration] - -GROSBREITENBACH - -Established about 1770. Hard paste. - -[Illustration] - -GROSBREITENBACH - -Hard paste. - -[Illustration] - -VOLKSTEDT - -Established 1762. C. V. sometimes added with the arms. Hard paste. - -[Illustration] - -VOLKSTEDT - -Another mark. Hard paste. - -[Illustration] - -VOLKSTEDT - -Another mark. Hard paste. - -[Illustration] - -ANSPACH - -Established about 1718. Hard paste. - -[Illustration] - -ANSPACH - -Generally accompanied by letter A. Hard paste. - -[Illustration] - -ANSPACH - -Hard paste. - -[Illustration] - -ANSPACH - -Hard paste. - -[Illustration] - -GOTHA - -Founded in 1780. Hard paste. Various marks. - -[Illustration] - -GERA - -Established about 1780. Marks in blue. Hard paste. - -[Illustration] - -ALT HALDENSTEBEN - -The factory of M. Nathusins. Hard paste. - -[Illustration] - -CHARLOTTENBURG - -Established in 1790. Hard paste. - -[Illustration] - -BADEN-BADEN - -Established in 1753 to 1788. The edge of the ax in gold. Hard paste. - -[Illustration] - -COLOGNE - -Factory of M. L. Cremer. Enameled Fayence. - -[Illustration] - -POPPLESDORF, near BONN - -Fayence and porcelain. - -[Illustration] - -STRASBOURG - -Established about 1752. Hard paste. - -[Illustration] - -NIDERVILLER - -Established in 1768. Hard paste. - -[Illustration] - -ELBOGEN in BOHEMIA - -Established in 1815. Hard paste. - -[Illustration] - -SCHLAKENWALD - -Established about 1800. Hard paste. - -[Illustration] - -LEHAMMER or PIRKENHAMMER, near CARLSBAD - -Founded in 1802. Hard paste. - -[Illustration] - -HEREND - -Established 1839. - -[Illustration] - -HEREND - -Another mark. - - - - -Russia and Poland - - -[Illustration] - -KORZEC - -Established about 1803. Hard paste. - -[Illustration] - -Moscow - -Established in 1787. Hard paste. - -[Illustration] - -ST. PETERSBURG - -Mark in blue. Hard paste. - -[Illustration] - -ST. PETERSBURG - -Mark of Empress Catherine II. 1762 to 1796. Mark in blue. Hard paste. - -[Illustration] - -ST. PETERSBURG - -Monogram of Nicholas I. 1825 to 1855. - -[Illustration] - -ST. PETERSBURG - -Established 1744. Mark in blue. - - - - -Denmark - - -[Illustration] - -COPENHAGEN - -Established in 1772. Mark in blue. Hard paste. - - - - -Holland and Belgium - - -[Illustration] - -AMSTERDAM - -Established in 1782. Mark in blue. Hard paste. - -[Illustration] - -AMSTERDAM - -Mark in blue. Hard paste. - -[Illustration] - -AMSTERDAM - -Mark in blue. Hard paste. - -[Illustration] - -TOURNEY - -Mark in gold represents a potter's kiln. Established in 1750. Soft paste. - -[Illustration] - -TOURNEY - -Mark in gold used after 1755. Soft paste. - -[Illustration] - -TOURNEY - -Used about 1755. Soft paste. - -[Illustration] - -HAGUE - -Factory established about 1775; ceased in 1785. Mark in gray. Hard paste. - -[Illustration] - -DELFT - -Joost Thooft and Labouchere. Present mark Fayence. - - - - -Switzerland - - -[Illustration] - -NYON - -Established in 1790. Hard paste. - -[Illustration] - -ZURICH - -Established about 1759. Mark in blue. Hard paste. - - - - -Italy and Spain - - -[Illustration] - -NOVE - -1752. Mark in blue or red. Soft paste. - -[Illustration] - -VENICE - -Mark in red. Majolica. - -[Illustration] - -VENICE - -Soft paste. - -[Illustration] - -VENICE - -1720 to 1740. Soft paste. Mark in red. - -[Illustration] - -VENICE - -Soft paste. Mark in red. - -[Illustration] - -TURIN - -Vineuf. Established about 1770. Dr. Gioanetti (Director). Soft paste. - -[Illustration] - -TURIN - -Vineuf. Another mark. Soft paste. - -[Illustration] - -DOCCIA - -Founded in 1735. Hard and soft paste. - -[Illustration] - -DOCCIA - -Hard and soft paste. Another mark. - -[Illustration] - -DOCCIA - -Hard and soft paste. Another mark. - -[Illustration] - -CAPO DI MONTE - -Founded in 1736. This mark used from 1759. Factory abandoned in 1821. Soft -paste. - -[Illustration] - -CAPO DI MONTE - -Mark used from 1759. Soft paste. - -[Illustration] - -CAPO DI MONTE - -Soft paste. Other marks. - -[Illustration] - -MILAN - -Mark in blue. Fayence. - -[Illustration] - -MADRID - -BUEN RETIRO. Monogram of Charles III. Established in 1759 to 1812. Soft -paste. - -[Illustration] - -MADRID - -Soft paste. Another mark. - -[Illustration] - -MADRID - -Mark in blue. First quality. Soft paste. - -[Illustration] - -MADRID - -Mark in blue. Soft paste. - -[Illustration] - -MADRID - -Mark in blue. Mark under crown is another form of the monogram of Charles -III., the founder. - -[Illustration] - -OPORTO - -Established about 1790. Hard paste. Mark in gold or colors. - - - - -England - - -[Illustration] - -STAFFORDSHIRE - -Established in 1769. This mark both stamped and printed. - -[Illustration] - -STAFFORDSHIRE - -WEDGWOOD, present mark on decorated china. - -[Illustration] - -STAFFORDSHIRE - -Established about 1756. - -[Illustration] - -STAFFORDSHIRE - -Established about 1780. - -[Illustration] - -STAFFORDSHIRE - -Imitations of WEDGWOOD. - -[Illustration] - -STAFFORDSHIRE - -Established in 1730. - -[Illustration] - -STAFFORDSHIRE - -Established 1790. - -[Illustration] - -STAFFORDSHIRE - -Established in 1793 by Mr. John Davenport. - -[Illustration] - -STAFFORDSHIRE - -[Illustration] - -STAFFORDSHIRE - -[Illustration] - -STAFFORDSHIRE - -[Illustration] - -STAFFORDSHIRE - -Established about 1770, by Josiah Spode. - -[Illustration] - -STAFFORDSHIRE - -Copeland successor of Spode in 1833. - -[Illustration] - -LIVERPOOL - -Established in 1750. - -[Illustration] - -LIVERPOOL - -Established in 1756. - -[Illustration] - -LIVERPOOL - -Established in 1790. - -[Illustration] - -LIVERPOOL - -This mark was used from 1822 to 1833. - -[Illustration] - -PLYMOUTH - -Established 1760. William Cookworthy. - -[Illustration] - -YARMOUTH - -Absolon, only a decorator. - -[Illustration] - -SWANSEA - -Established 1790. This mark used about 1815. - -[Illustration] - -SWANSEA - -Mark in red. - -[Illustration] - -WALES - -Established about 1813. Mark in red. - -[Illustration] - -LEEDS - -Hartley Greens & Co. Established about 1770. - -[Illustration] - -BRISTOL - -Established about 1770, by Richard Champion. - -[Illustration] - -BRISTOL - -[Illustration] - -BRISTOL - -Ceased in 1777. - -[Illustration] - -BOW - -Established about 1730. Ceased in 1775. - -[Illustration] - -BOW - -[Illustration] - -BOW - -[Illustration] - -CHELSEA - -The oldest mark. About 1747. - -[Illustration] - -CHELSEA - -Mark in red. - -[Illustration] - -CHELSEA - -First quality mark in gold. - -[Illustration] - -DERBY - -Established 1751. This mark used before 1769. - -[Illustration] - -DERBY-CHELSEA - -This mark in gold 1773. - -[Illustration] - -CROWN DERBY - -Mark in blue used about 1780. - -[Illustration] - -DERBY - -Mark used in 1830. Bloor (Director). - -[Illustration] - -DERBY - -Mark used in 1830. Bloor (Director). - -[Illustration] - -DERBY - -Mark used in 1860. - -[Illustration] - -ROYAL CROWN DERBY - -Present mark. - -[Illustration] - -WORCESTER - -Established 1751. Oldest mark. - -[Illustration] - -WORCESTER - -Mark imitation of Dresden. - -[Illustration] - -WORCESTER - -Generally on Chinese patterns. - -[Illustration] - -WORCESTER - -About 1751. - -[Illustration] - -WORCESTER - -Used 1783 to 1788. - -[Illustration] - -WORCESTER - -Used 1807 to 1813. - -[Illustration] - -WORCESTER - -Used 1857 to 1862. - -[Illustration] - -WORCESTER - -Present mark. - -[Illustration] - -CAUGHLEY. SHROPSHIRE - -Established about 1751. - -[Illustration] - -CAUGHLEY. SHROPSHIRE - -An early mark in blue. - -[Illustration] - -COALPORT - -Established between 1780 and 1790. - -[Illustration] - -COALPORT - -[Illustration] - -COALPORT - -Present mark. - -[Illustration] - -STAFFORDSHIRE - -Established in 1791 by Mr. Thomas Minton. - -[Illustration] - -STAFFORDSHIRE - -Present mark. - -[Illustration] - -LAMBETH and BURSLEM - -Doulton & Co. - -[Illustration] - -STAFFORDSHIRE - -Brown-Westhead, Moore & Co. - - - - -France - - -[Illustration] - -ST. CLOUD - -Established about 1695. Factory destroyed by fire in 1773; not rebuilt. -Soft paste. - -[Illustration] - -ST. CLOUD - -This mark used from 1730 to 1762. Either in blue or graved in ware. The -letter T stands for Tron, the name of the director. Soft paste. - -[Illustration] - -CHANTILLY - -Established in 1735. Mark in blue or red. Soft paste. - -[Illustration] - -ARRAS - -Established in 1782. Mark in blue. Factory ceased in 1786. Soft paste. - -[Illustration] - -MENECY - -Established in 1735. This mark is usually impressed; sometimes traced in -blue. Soft paste. - -[Illustration] - -ETIOLLES, near CORBEIL - -Established in 1768. Monnier, manufacturer. Soft paste. - -[Illustration] - -BOURG LA REINE - -Established in 1773. Jacques & Jullien. Soft paste. - -[Illustration] - -SCEAUX-PENTHIEVRE, near PARIS - -Established in 1750 by Jacques Capelle. These letters are engraved on the -soft clay. - -[Illustration] - -SCEAUX-PENTHIEVRE, near PARIS - -The latter mark in blue. This mark occurs more frequently on Fayence. - -[Illustration] - -CLINGNANCOURT - -Established in 1775 by Pierre Deruelle. Mark in blue. Soft and hard paste. - -[Illustration] - -CLINGNANCOURT - -Used on pieces of Chinese style. Mark in red. Hard paste. - -[Illustration] - -CLINGNANCOURT - -Mark of Monsieur Comte de Provence. - -[Illustration] - -ORLEANS - -Established in 1753 by M. Gerre. Hard and soft paste. - -[Illustration] - -ORLEANS - -This mark used from 1808 to 1871, in blue or gold. - -[Illustration] - -SARREGUEMINES - -Soft paste. - -[Illustration] - -SARREGUEMINES - -Soft paste and Fayence. - -[Illustration] - -VINCENNES - -Soft paste. Established in 1786. - -[Illustration] - -VINCENNES - -Soft paste. Another mark. - -[Illustration] - -PARIS. RUE FONTAINE AU ROY - -Established in 1773 by Jean Baptiste Locre. Mark in blue. Hard paste. - -[Illustration] - -PARIS. FAUBOURG ST. LAZARE - -Founded in 1773. Hard paste. - -[Illustration] - -PARIS. FAUBOURG ST. ANTOINE - -Established in 1773. Morelle, manufacturer. Hard paste. - -[Illustration] - -PARIS. RUE DE LA ROQUETTE - -Established in 1773. Souroux, manufacturer. Hard paste. - -[Illustration] - -PARIS. GROS CAILLON - -Established in 1773 by Advenir Lamarre. Hard paste. - -[Illustration] - -PARIS. RUE DE CLICHY - -Mark in blue. Hard paste. - -[Illustration] - -FRANCE - -A mark found on biscuit groups. Factory unknown. - -[Illustration] - -PARIS. RUE THIROUX - -Established in 1778. Andre Marie Lebeuf, manufacturer. Under the -protection of Marie Antoinette. Mark in red. Hard paste. - -[Illustration] - -PARIS. RUE DE BONDY - -Established in 1780. Dihl and Guerhard, manufacturers. Under the patronage -of Duc d'Angouleme. Hard paste. - -[Illustration] - -PARIS. RUE DE BONDY - -Another mark. Hard paste. - -[Illustration] - -PARIS. RUE DU FAUBOURG ST. DENIS - -Established in 1769. Under the protection of Charles Philippe Comte -d'Artois, afterward Charles X. Factory discontinued in 1810. - -[Illustration] - -BELLEVILLE - -Established in 1790 by Jacob Petit. Mark in blue. Hard paste. - -[Illustration] - -PARIS. RUE DE BONDY - -Hard paste. Mark in blue. - -[Illustration] - -ROUEN - -Under the reign of Louis XV. Fayence. - -[Illustration] - -LILLE - -Established in 1784 by Leperre Durot. Mark in red. Hard paste. - -[Illustration] - -PARIS - -M. Nast, manufacturer. Mark in red. Hard paste. - -[Illustration] - -PARIS - -Halley, manufacturer. First Empire mark in gold. Hard paste. - -[Illustration] - -NANCY - -Emile Galle, manufacturer. Fayence and glass. - - - - -Sevres - -Established at Vincennes in 1740. - -Removed from there to Sevres in 1756. - -King Louis XV. became sole proprietor in 1760. - -Soft paste was made until 1805. Since then only hard paste. - - -The Sevres Marks - -FIRST ROYAL EPOCH - -1745 to 1792 - -[Illustration] - -[Illustration] - -[Illustration: VINCENNES. - -The letter A denotes the year 1753, continued to 1777. (Louis XV.)] - -[Illustration: SEVRES. - -Ornamented LL's. Date 1764.] - -[Illustration: SEVRES. Date 1778. (Louis XVI). - -Double letters continued to 1793.] - - -FIRST REPUBLICAN EPOCH - -1792 to 1804 - -[Illustration] - -[Illustration] - -[Illustration] - -[Illustration] - -[Illustration: 1792 to 1799.] - -[Illustration: 1801 to 1804.] - - -FIRST IMPERIAL EPOCH. - -1804 TO 1814. - -[Illustration: NAPOLEON. 1804 to 1809.] - -[Illustration: NAPOLEON. 1809 to 1814.] - - -SECOND ROYAL EPOCH. - -1814 TO 1848. - -[Illustration: Louis XVIII 1814 to 1823.] - -[Illustration: Charles X. 1824 to 1829.] - -[Illustration: Charles X. 1829 and 1830.] - -[Illustration: Charles X. 1830.] - -[Illustration] - -[Illustration: Louis Philippe. 1831 to 1834.] - -[Illustration: Louis Philippe. 1834-1835.] - -[Illustration: On services for the Palaces.] - -[Illustration: Louis Philippe. 1845-1848.] - -[Illustration: After 1848, this mark in green was used for white -porcelain.] - - -SECOND REPUBLICAN EPOCH - -1848 TO 1851. - -[Illustration: The S stands for Sevres, and 51 for 1851.] - - -SECOND IMPERIAL EPOCH. - -1852 TO 1872. - -[Illustration] - -[Illustration: Napoleon III. From 1852.] - -[Illustration: This mark used for white pieces; when scratched it denotes -issue undecorated.] - -[Illustration: The marks used at the present time.] - - -Unknown Marks - -[Illustration] - - -Chronological Table - -Used in the Manufactory of Sevres - - A (Vincennes) 1753 - B (ditto) 1754 - C (ditto) 1755 - D 1756 - E 1757 - F 1758 - G 1759 - H 1760 - I 1761 - J 1762 - K 1763 - L 1764 - M 1765 - N 1766 - O 1767 - P 1768 - Q [1]1769 - R 1770 - S 1771 - T 1772 - U 1773 - V 1774 - X 1775 - Y 1776 - Z 1777 - AA 1778 - BB 1779 - CC 1780 - DD 1781 - EE 1782 - FF 1783 - GG 1784 - HH 1785 - II 1786 - JJ 1787 - KK 1788 - LL 1789 - MM 1790 - NN 1791 - OO 1792 - PP 1793 - QQ 1794 - RR 1795 - - [1] This comet was sometimes substituted for the ordinary mark of the - letter Q. - - [Illustration] - - Year IX 1801 T9 - " X 1802 X - " XI 1803 11 - " XII 1804 [Illustration] - " XIII 1805 [Illustration] - " XIV 1806 [Illustration] - - - 1807 7 - 1808 8 - 1809 9 - 1810 10 - 1811 (onze) o.z. - 1812 (douze) d.z. - 1813 (treize) t.z. - 1814 (quatorze) q.z. - 1815 (quinze) q.n. - 1816 (seize) s.z. - 1817 (dix sept) d.s. - -From this date the year is expressed by the last two figures only.--thus, -18 for 1818, etc.,--up to the present time. - - - - - - -End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of China and Pottery Marks, by Unknown - -*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK CHINA AND POTTERY MARKS *** - -***** This file should be named 40311.txt or 40311.zip ***** -This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: - http://www.gutenberg.org/4/0/3/1/40311/ - -Produced by Chris Curnow and the Online Distributed -Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This file was -produced from images generously made available by The -Internet Archive.) - - -Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions -will be renamed. - -Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no -one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation -(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without -permission and without paying copyright royalties. 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