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+*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK 40311 ***
+
+  CHINA AND POTTERY MARKS
+
+
+  GILMAN COLLAMORE & CO. INC.
+
+
+  15 EAST 56th STREET
+  NEW YORK
+
+
+
+
+_Traditions and Old China_
+
+_Copyright, 1920, Gilman Collamore & Company, Inc._
+
+
+
+
+_Traditions and Old China_
+
+
+From early days when the ancients showed their appreciation of fine
+pottery and old glassware by burying "these most esteemed possessions"
+with the dead, fine china has been synonymous with culture and breeding.
+With our ancestors for generations we share the tradition that, just as
+first editions give prestige to one's book shelves, old china or the
+finest work of the modern kilns express readily that good taste and
+discrimination that is characteristic of our old families.
+
+A wealth of association and historic data is to be acquired from the study
+of the "fabrique marks" and periods of the master craftsmen. If in America
+there was a general tendency toward acquiring, even a smattering, of this
+knowledge, there would be less of these drawing-room atrocities which
+Arthur Hayden in his "Chats on English Earthenware" points out, "To have a
+modern set of vases adorning a Georgian cabinet is like putting new wine
+in old bottles."
+
+For the convenience of the seasoned collector, as well as the beginner,
+in this book is a representative list of better known marks by which china
+can be identified. While it is not possible to include a complete list,
+particularly those of extremely rare specimens, those compiled have
+particular reference to the marks of English china which is greatly in
+demand by collectors. These will suffice to enable the reader to identify
+pieces whenever encountered.
+
+The signatures or mark which the master craftsmen in earth or clay signed
+their products, just as a painter signs his work, were often specially
+designed devices of various kinds, often a combination of initials and
+dates. Each "fabrique mark" stands for a certain potter's art just as the
+modern trade-mark.
+
+Beginning more than a half century ago in the old La Farge House in lower
+Broadway (where John La Farge was born) the house of Gilman Collamore and
+Company has done much to develop an appreciation of fine china in America.
+It was one of the first houses to bring over from England and France
+china, both modern and old, for its American clients. At this time many
+fine specimens of old china are on view as well as complete stocks from
+the modern English and Continental manufacture.
+
+  GILMAN COLLAMORE & COMPANY, INC.
+    15 EAST 56TH STREET
+      NEW YORK
+
+
+
+
+Germany and Austria
+
+
+[Illustration]
+
+DRESDEN
+
+MEISSEN. Established in 1709. Mark used to 1712, in blue. Hard paste.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+DRESDEN
+
+Mark used from 1712 to 1720, in blue. Hard paste.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+DRESDEN
+
+About 1720, mark in blue. Hard paste.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+DRESDEN
+
+1730, mark in blue. Hard paste.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+DRESDEN
+
+1796. MARCOLINI (Director) PERIOD. Mark in blue. Hard paste.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+DRESDEN
+
+Royal pieces only. Mark in blue. Hard paste.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+DRESDEN
+
+Present mark. This mark with two scratches across it shows imperfect
+pieces which may or may not have been decorated in the factory. Hard
+paste.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+VIENNA
+
+Established in 1718. This mark first used in 1744. Hard paste.
+
+Royal factory discontinued in 1864.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+BERLIN
+
+Established in 1751. Wegeleys' mark. Hard paste.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+BERLIN
+
+In 1763 became a royal establishment. Mark in blue. Sometimes an eagle
+added.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+BERLIN
+
+Different kind of sceptre. In blue. Hard paste.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+BERLIN
+
+An extra mark used in 1830 with the sceptre, which is the present mark.
+This mark complete is never used except with perfect pieces decorated in
+the factory. Decorated pieces bearing the blue sceptre mark only are
+decorated outside of the factory.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+HOCHST, near MAYENCE
+
+Founded in 1720. This mark, used about 1740, in gold, red, or blue. Hard
+paste.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+HOCHST, near MAYENCE
+
+Hard paste.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+FRANKENTHAL
+
+1755 to 1761. First period. Hard paste.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+FRANKENTHAL
+
+1799, second period. Carl Theodore. Hard paste.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+FRANKENTHAL
+
+Phillipp Hanong (Director). Hard paste.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+FRANKENTHAL
+
+Joseph Adam Hanong (Director). Hard paste.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+FRANKENTHAL
+
+John Hanong (Director). Hard paste.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+FRANKENTHAL
+
+1800. Franz Bartolo (Director). Hard paste.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+NYMPHENBURG
+
+Established in 1747. Hard paste.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+NYMPHENBURG
+
+Hard paste.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+NYMPHENBURG
+
+An early mark in blue. Hard paste.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+FURSTENBURG
+
+Established in 1750. Hard paste.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+FURSTENBURG
+
+1758. Hard paste.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+LUDWIGSBURG or KRONENBURG
+
+Established in 1758 to 1806. Hard paste.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+LUDWIGSBURG
+
+First period. Hard paste.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+LUDWIGSBURG
+
+Second period. Hard paste.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+LUDWIGSBURG
+
+Hard paste. Mark in blue.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+FULDA
+
+Established in 1763 to 1780. Hard paste.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+FULDA
+
+Hard paste. The arms of Fulda.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+RUDOLSTADT
+
+Established in 1758. Mark in blue. Hard paste.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+RAUENSTEIN
+
+Established in 1760. Hard paste.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+LIMBACH
+
+Established about 1761. Hard paste.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+LIMBACH
+
+Another mark. Hard paste.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+LIMBACH
+
+Another mark. Hard paste.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+GROSBREITENBACH
+
+Established about 1770. Hard paste.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+GROSBREITENBACH
+
+Hard paste.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+VOLKSTEDT
+
+Established 1762. C. V. sometimes added with the arms. Hard paste.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+VOLKSTEDT
+
+Another mark. Hard paste.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+VOLKSTEDT
+
+Another mark. Hard paste.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+ANSPACH
+
+Established about 1718. Hard paste.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+ANSPACH
+
+Generally accompanied by letter A. Hard paste.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+ANSPACH
+
+Hard paste.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+ANSPACH
+
+Hard paste.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+GOTHA
+
+Founded in 1780. Hard paste. Various marks.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+GERA
+
+Established about 1780. Marks in blue. Hard paste.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+ALT HALDENSTEBEN
+
+The factory of M. Nathusins. Hard paste.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+CHARLOTTENBURG
+
+Established in 1790. Hard paste.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+BADEN-BADEN
+
+Established in 1753 to 1788. The edge of the ax in gold. Hard paste.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+COLOGNE
+
+Factory of M. L. Cremer. Enameled Fayence.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+POPPLESDORF, near BONN
+
+Fayence and porcelain.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+STRASBOURG
+
+Established about 1752. Hard paste.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+NIDERVILLER
+
+Established in 1768. Hard paste.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+ELBOGEN in BOHEMIA
+
+Established in 1815. Hard paste.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+SCHLAKENWALD
+
+Established about 1800. Hard paste.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+LEHAMMER or PIRKENHAMMER, near CARLSBAD
+
+Founded in 1802. Hard paste.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+HEREND
+
+Established 1839.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+HEREND
+
+Another mark.
+
+
+
+
+Russia and Poland
+
+
+[Illustration]
+
+KORZEC
+
+Established about 1803. Hard paste.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+Moscow
+
+Established in 1787. Hard paste.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+ST. PETERSBURG
+
+Mark in blue. Hard paste.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+ST. PETERSBURG
+
+Mark of Empress Catherine II. 1762 to 1796. Mark in blue. Hard paste.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+ST. PETERSBURG
+
+Monogram of Nicholas I. 1825 to 1855.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+ST. PETERSBURG
+
+Established 1744. Mark in blue.
+
+
+
+
+Denmark
+
+
+[Illustration]
+
+COPENHAGEN
+
+Established in 1772. Mark in blue. Hard paste.
+
+
+
+
+Holland and Belgium
+
+
+[Illustration]
+
+AMSTERDAM
+
+Established in 1782. Mark in blue. Hard paste.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+AMSTERDAM
+
+Mark in blue. Hard paste.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+AMSTERDAM
+
+Mark in blue. Hard paste.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+TOURNEY
+
+Mark in gold represents a potter's kiln. Established in 1750. Soft paste.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+TOURNEY
+
+Mark in gold used after 1755. Soft paste.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+TOURNEY
+
+Used about 1755. Soft paste.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+HAGUE
+
+Factory established about 1775; ceased in 1785. Mark in gray. Hard paste.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+DELFT
+
+Joost Thooft and Labouchere. Present mark Fayence.
+
+
+
+
+Switzerland
+
+
+[Illustration]
+
+NYON
+
+Established in 1790. Hard paste.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+ZURICH
+
+Established about 1759. Mark in blue. Hard paste.
+
+
+
+
+Italy and Spain
+
+
+[Illustration]
+
+NOVE
+
+1752. Mark in blue or red. Soft paste.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+VENICE
+
+Mark in red. Majolica.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+VENICE
+
+Soft paste.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+VENICE
+
+1720 to 1740. Soft paste. Mark in red.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+VENICE
+
+Soft paste. Mark in red.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+TURIN
+
+Vineuf. Established about 1770. Dr. Gioanetti (Director). Soft paste.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+TURIN
+
+Vineuf. Another mark. Soft paste.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+DOCCIA
+
+Founded in 1735. Hard and soft paste.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+DOCCIA
+
+Hard and soft paste. Another mark.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+DOCCIA
+
+Hard and soft paste. Another mark.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+CAPO DI MONTE
+
+Founded in 1736. This mark used from 1759. Factory abandoned in 1821. Soft
+paste.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+CAPO DI MONTE
+
+Mark used from 1759. Soft paste.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+CAPO DI MONTE
+
+Soft paste. Other marks.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+MILAN
+
+Mark in blue. Fayence.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+MADRID
+
+BUEN RETIRO. Monogram of Charles III. Established in 1759 to 1812. Soft
+paste.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+MADRID
+
+Soft paste. Another mark.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+MADRID
+
+Mark in blue. First quality. Soft paste.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+MADRID
+
+Mark in blue. Soft paste.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+MADRID
+
+Mark in blue. Mark under crown is another form of the monogram of Charles
+III., the founder.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+OPORTO
+
+Established about 1790. Hard paste. Mark in gold or colors.
+
+
+
+
+England
+
+
+[Illustration]
+
+STAFFORDSHIRE
+
+Established in 1769. This mark both stamped and printed.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+STAFFORDSHIRE
+
+WEDGWOOD, present mark on decorated china.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+STAFFORDSHIRE
+
+Established about 1756.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+STAFFORDSHIRE
+
+Established about 1780.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+STAFFORDSHIRE
+
+Imitations of WEDGWOOD.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+STAFFORDSHIRE
+
+Established in 1730.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+STAFFORDSHIRE
+
+Established 1790.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+STAFFORDSHIRE
+
+Established in 1793 by Mr. John Davenport.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+STAFFORDSHIRE
+
+[Illustration]
+
+STAFFORDSHIRE
+
+[Illustration]
+
+STAFFORDSHIRE
+
+[Illustration]
+
+STAFFORDSHIRE
+
+Established about 1770, by Josiah Spode.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+STAFFORDSHIRE
+
+Copeland successor of Spode in 1833.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+LIVERPOOL
+
+Established in 1750.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+LIVERPOOL
+
+Established in 1756.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+LIVERPOOL
+
+Established in 1790.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+LIVERPOOL
+
+This mark was used from 1822 to 1833.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+PLYMOUTH
+
+Established 1760. William Cookworthy.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+YARMOUTH
+
+Absolon, only a decorator.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+SWANSEA
+
+Established 1790. This mark used about 1815.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+SWANSEA
+
+Mark in red.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+WALES
+
+Established about 1813. Mark in red.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+LEEDS
+
+Hartley Greens & Co. Established about 1770.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+BRISTOL
+
+Established about 1770, by Richard Champion.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+BRISTOL
+
+[Illustration]
+
+BRISTOL
+
+Ceased in 1777.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+BOW
+
+Established about 1730. Ceased in 1775.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+BOW
+
+[Illustration]
+
+BOW
+
+[Illustration]
+
+CHELSEA
+
+The oldest mark. About 1747.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+CHELSEA
+
+Mark in red.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+CHELSEA
+
+First quality mark in gold.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+DERBY
+
+Established 1751. This mark used before 1769.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+DERBY-CHELSEA
+
+This mark in gold 1773.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+CROWN DERBY
+
+Mark in blue used about 1780.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+DERBY
+
+Mark used in 1830. Bloor (Director).
+
+[Illustration]
+
+DERBY
+
+Mark used in 1830. Bloor (Director).
+
+[Illustration]
+
+DERBY
+
+Mark used in 1860.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+ROYAL CROWN DERBY
+
+Present mark.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+WORCESTER
+
+Established 1751. Oldest mark.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+WORCESTER
+
+Mark imitation of Dresden.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+WORCESTER
+
+Generally on Chinese patterns.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+WORCESTER
+
+About 1751.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+WORCESTER
+
+Used 1783 to 1788.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+WORCESTER
+
+Used 1807 to 1813.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+WORCESTER
+
+Used 1857 to 1862.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+WORCESTER
+
+Present mark.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+CAUGHLEY. SHROPSHIRE
+
+Established about 1751.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+CAUGHLEY. SHROPSHIRE
+
+An early mark in blue.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+COALPORT
+
+Established between 1780 and 1790.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+COALPORT
+
+[Illustration]
+
+COALPORT
+
+Present mark.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+STAFFORDSHIRE
+
+Established in 1791 by Mr. Thomas Minton.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+STAFFORDSHIRE
+
+Present mark.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+LAMBETH and BURSLEM
+
+Doulton & Co.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+STAFFORDSHIRE
+
+Brown-Westhead, Moore & Co.
+
+
+
+
+France
+
+
+[Illustration]
+
+ST. CLOUD
+
+Established about 1695. Factory destroyed by fire in 1773; not rebuilt.
+Soft paste.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+ST. CLOUD
+
+This mark used from 1730 to 1762. Either in blue or graved in ware. The
+letter T stands for Tron, the name of the director. Soft paste.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+CHANTILLY
+
+Established in 1735. Mark in blue or red. Soft paste.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+ARRAS
+
+Established in 1782. Mark in blue. Factory ceased in 1786. Soft paste.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+MENECY
+
+Established in 1735. This mark is usually impressed; sometimes traced in
+blue. Soft paste.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+ETIOLLES, near CORBEIL
+
+Established in 1768. Monnier, manufacturer. Soft paste.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+BOURG LA REINE
+
+Established in 1773. Jacques & Jullien. Soft paste.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+SCEAUX-PENTHIEVRE, near PARIS
+
+Established in 1750 by Jacques Capelle. These letters are engraved on the
+soft clay.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+SCEAUX-PENTHIEVRE, near PARIS
+
+The latter mark in blue. This mark occurs more frequently on Fayence.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+CLINGNANCOURT
+
+Established in 1775 by Pierre Deruelle. Mark in blue. Soft and hard paste.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+CLINGNANCOURT
+
+Used on pieces of Chinese style. Mark in red. Hard paste.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+CLINGNANCOURT
+
+Mark of Monsieur Comte de Provence.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+ORLEANS
+
+Established in 1753 by M. Gerré. Hard and soft paste.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+ORLEANS
+
+This mark used from 1808 to 1871, in blue or gold.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+SARREGUEMINES
+
+Soft paste.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+SARREGUEMINES
+
+Soft paste and Fayence.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+VINCENNES
+
+Soft paste. Established in 1786.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+VINCENNES
+
+Soft paste. Another mark.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+PARIS. RUE FONTAINE AU ROY
+
+Established in 1773 by Jean Baptiste Locré. Mark in blue. Hard paste.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+PARIS. FAUBOURG ST. LAZARE
+
+Founded in 1773. Hard paste.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+PARIS. FAUBOURG ST. ANTOINE
+
+Established in 1773. Morelle, manufacturer. Hard paste.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+PARIS. RUE DE LA ROQUETTE
+
+Established in 1773. Souroux, manufacturer. Hard paste.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+PARIS. GROS CAILLON
+
+Established in 1773 by Advenir Lamarre. Hard paste.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+PARIS. RUE DE CLICHY
+
+Mark in blue. Hard paste.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+FRANCE
+
+A mark found on biscuit groups. Factory unknown.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+PARIS. RUE THIROUX
+
+Established in 1778. André Marie Lebeuf, manufacturer. Under the
+protection of Marie Antoinette. Mark in red. Hard paste.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+PARIS. RUE DE BONDY
+
+Established in 1780. Dihl and Guerhard, manufacturers. Under the patronage
+of Duc d'Angoulême. Hard paste.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+PARIS. RUE DE BONDY
+
+Another mark. Hard paste.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+PARIS. RUE DU FAUBOURG ST. DENIS
+
+Established in 1769. Under the protection of Charles Philippe Comte
+d'Artois, afterward Charles X. Factory discontinued in 1810.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+BELLEVILLE
+
+Established in 1790 by Jacob Petit. Mark in blue. Hard paste.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+PARIS. RUE DE BONDY
+
+Hard paste. Mark in blue.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+ROUEN
+
+Under the reign of Louis XV. Fayence.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+LILLE
+
+Established in 1784 by Leperre Durot. Mark in red. Hard paste.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+PARIS
+
+M. Nast, manufacturer. Mark in red. Hard paste.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+PARIS
+
+Halley, manufacturer. First Empire mark in gold. Hard paste.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+NANCY
+
+Emile Gallé, manufacturer. Fayence and glass.
+
+
+
+
+Sevres
+
+Established at Vincennes in 1740.
+
+Removed from there to Sevres in 1756.
+
+King Louis XV. became sole proprietor in 1760.
+
+Soft paste was made until 1805. Since then only hard paste.
+
+
+The Sevres Marks
+
+FIRST ROYAL EPOCH
+
+1745 to 1792
+
+[Illustration]
+
+[Illustration]
+
+[Illustration: VINCENNES.
+
+The letter A denotes the year 1753, continued to 1777. (Louis XV.)]
+
+[Illustration: SEVRES.
+
+Ornamented LL's. Date 1764.]
+
+[Illustration: SEVRES. Date 1778. (Louis XVI).
+
+Double letters continued to 1793.]
+
+
+FIRST REPUBLICAN EPOCH
+
+1792 to 1804
+
+[Illustration]
+
+[Illustration]
+
+[Illustration]
+
+[Illustration]
+
+[Illustration: 1792 to 1799.]
+
+[Illustration: 1801 to 1804.]
+
+
+FIRST IMPERIAL EPOCH.
+
+1804 TO 1814.
+
+[Illustration: NAPOLEON. 1804 to 1809.]
+
+[Illustration: NAPOLEON. 1809 to 1814.]
+
+
+SECOND ROYAL EPOCH.
+
+1814 TO 1848.
+
+[Illustration: Louis XVIII 1814 to 1823.]
+
+[Illustration: Charles X. 1824 to 1829.]
+
+[Illustration: Charles X. 1829 and 1830.]
+
+[Illustration: Charles X. 1830.]
+
+[Illustration]
+
+[Illustration: Louis Philippe. 1831 to 1834.]
+
+[Illustration: Louis Philippe. 1834-1835.]
+
+[Illustration: On services for the Palaces.]
+
+[Illustration: Louis Philippe. 1845-1848.]
+
+[Illustration: After 1848, this mark in green was used for white
+porcelain.]
+
+
+SECOND REPUBLICAN EPOCH
+
+1848 TO 1851.
+
+[Illustration: The S stands for Sèvres, and 51 for 1851.]
+
+
+SECOND IMPERIAL EPOCH.
+
+1852 TO 1872.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+[Illustration: Napoleon III. From 1852.]
+
+[Illustration: This mark used for white pieces; when scratched it denotes
+issue undecorated.]
+
+[Illustration: The marks used at the present time.]
+
+
+Unknown Marks
+
+[Illustration]
+
+
+Chronological Table
+
+Used in the Manufactory of Sevres
+
+  A (Vincennes) 1753
+  B (ditto)     1754
+  C (ditto)     1755
+  D             1756
+  E             1757
+  F             1758
+  G             1759
+  H             1760
+  I             1761
+  J             1762
+  K             1763
+  L             1764
+  M             1765
+  N             1766
+  O             1767
+  P             1768
+  Q          [1]1769
+  R             1770
+  S             1771
+  T             1772
+  U             1773
+  V             1774
+  X             1775
+  Y             1776
+  Z             1777
+  AA            1778
+  BB            1779
+  CC            1780
+  DD            1781
+  EE            1782
+  FF            1783
+  GG            1784
+  HH            1785
+  II            1786
+  JJ            1787
+  KK            1788
+  LL            1789
+  MM            1790
+  NN            1791
+  OO            1792
+  PP            1793
+  QQ            1794
+  RR            1795
+
+    [1] This comet was sometimes substituted for the ordinary mark of the
+    letter Q.
+
+    [Illustration]
+
+  Year IX       1801     T9
+    "   X       1802      X
+    "   XI      1803     11
+    "  XII      1804     [Illustration]
+    " XIII      1805     [Illustration]
+    "  XIV      1806     [Illustration]
+
+
+  1807                    7
+  1808                    8
+  1809                    9
+  1810                   10
+  1811    (onze)        o.z.
+  1812    (douze)       d.z.
+  1813    (treize)      t.z.
+  1814    (quatorze)    q.z.
+  1815    (quinze)      q.n.
+  1816    (seize)       s.z.
+  1817    (dix sept)    d.s.
+
+From this date the year is expressed by the last two figures only.--thus,
+18 for 1818, etc.,--up to the present time.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of China and Pottery Marks, by Unknown
+
+*** END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK 40311 ***