diff options
Diffstat (limited to '40305-h')
| -rw-r--r-- | 40305-h/40305-h.htm | 519 |
1 files changed, 76 insertions, 443 deletions
diff --git a/40305-h/40305-h.htm b/40305-h/40305-h.htm index c34d80c..1eba52e 100644 --- a/40305-h/40305-h.htm +++ b/40305-h/40305-h.htm @@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd"> <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"> <head> -<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1" /> +<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" /> <title>The Project Gutenberg eBook of Problems of the Pacific, by Frank Fox</title> <style type="text/css"> @@ -121,22 +121,9 @@ img {text-decoration: none;} </style> </head> <body> +<div>*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK 40305 ***</div> <h1 class="pg">The Project Gutenberg eBook, Problems of the Pacific, by Frank Fox</h1> -<p>This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with -almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or -re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included -with this eBook or online at <a -href="http://www.gutenberg.org">www.gutenberg.org</a></p> -<p>Title: Problems of the Pacific</p> -<p>Author: Frank Fox</p> -<p>Release Date: July 23, 2012 [eBook #40305]</p> -<p>Language: English</p> -<p>Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1</p> -<p>***START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK PROBLEMS OF THE PACIFIC***</p> <p> </p> -<h3>E-text prepared by Bruce Albrecht, Colin M. Kendall,<br /> - and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team<br /> - (http://www.pgdp.net)</h3> <p> </p> <hr class="full" /> <p> </p> @@ -1311,7 +1298,7 @@ She settled down to the old policy of rigorous exclusiveness, and to a renewal of her tribal and religious warfare, in the midst of which, like a strange flower in a rocky cleft, flourished a dainty -æstheticism. The nineteenth century thus dawned +æstheticism. The nineteenth century thus dawned on Japan, a bitterly poor country, made poorer by the devotion of much of her energies to internal warfare and by the devotion of some of her scanty @@ -1345,7 +1332,7 @@ established herself as a Power by the sensational defeat, on land and sea, of China. The Peace of Shimonoseki extended her territory to Formosa and the Pescadores, and filled her treasury with the great -war indemnity of £57,000,000. She then won, too, +war indemnity of £57,000,000. She then won, too, a footing on the Asiatic mainland, but was for the time being cheated of that by the interference of Europe, an interference which was not repeated @@ -1592,7 +1579,7 @@ irreducible minimum of naval expansion was eight battleships of the super-Dreadnought class, and eight armoured cruisers of the same class, which must be completed by 1920, construction being begun -in 1913. The cost is estimated at £35,000,000." +in 1913. The cost is estimated at £35,000,000." And the paper (<i>Asahi Shimbun</i>) went on to hint at the United States as the Power which had to be confronted. That is only one of very many indications @@ -2723,7 +2710,7 @@ did not relish the substitution for the weak rule of Spain of the strong rule of the United States, and American Imperialism had the experience of having to force, by stern warfare on the liberated, acceptance -of its rôle of liberator. Perhaps the experience +of its rôle of liberator. Perhaps the experience taught it some sympathy with older players at the game of Empire-making: certainly it did not abate its ardour in the good work.</p><p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_83" id="Page_83">[Pg 83]</a></span></p> @@ -3398,7 +3385,7 @@ the first landing at Botany Bay.</p> for Australia. Annexed in 1770 it was not colonised until 1787, when the idea was adopted of using the apparently sterile and miserable Southern continent<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_105" id="Page_105">[Pg 105]</a></span> -as a depôt for enforced exiles. It was a happy +as a depôt for enforced exiles. It was a happy chance that sent a "racketty" element of British social life to be the first basis of the new Australian population. The poachers, English Chartists, Irish @@ -3666,7 +3653,7 @@ the following: one armoured cruiser (new <i>Indomitable</i> class, which is of the <i>Dreadnought</i> type), three unarmoured cruisers (<i>Bristol</i> class), six destroyers, three submarines, with the necessary auxiliaries such -as depôt and store ships, etc., which are not here +as depôt and store ships, etc., which are not here specified.</p> <p>"Such a Fleet unit would be capable of action @@ -3683,9 +3670,9 @@ Admiralty scheme of complements.</p> <p>"The estimated first cost of building and arming such a complete Fleet unit would be approximately -£3,700,000, and the cost of maintenance, including +£3,700,000, and the cost of maintenance, including upkeep of vessels, pay, and interest and sinking -fund, at British rates, approximately £600,000 per +fund, at British rates, approximately £600,000 per annum.</p> <p>"The estimated cost of the officers and men @@ -3752,7 +3739,7 @@ those forces, its general efficiency should be the same, and the facilities for refitting and replenishing His Majesty's ships, whether belonging to a Dominion Fleet or to the Fleet of the United Kingdom, should -be the same. Further, as it is a <i>sine quâ non</i> that +be the same. Further, as it is a <i>sine quâ non</i> that successful action in time of war depends upon unity of command and direction, the general discipline must be the same throughout the whole Imperial @@ -3777,29 +3764,29 @@ respectively, and the Australian unit.</p> <p>The initial cost was estimated to be approximately:</p> <p> -1 armoured cruiser (new <i>Indomitable</i> £2,000,000<br /> +1 armoured cruiser (new <i>Indomitable</i> £2,000,000<br /> <span style="margin-left: 2em;">class).</span><br /> 3 unarmoured cruisers (<i>Bristols</i>) at 1,050,000<br /> -<span style="margin-left: 2em;">£350,000.</span><br /> -6 destroyers (<i>River</i> class) at £80,000 480,000<br /> -3 submarines (<i>C</i> class) at £55,000 165,000<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 2em;">£350,000.</span><br /> +6 destroyers (<i>River</i> class) at £80,000 480,000<br /> +3 submarines (<i>C</i> class) at £55,000 165,000<br /> <span style="margin-left: 24em;">—————</span><br /> -<span style="margin-left: 20em;">Total £3,695,000</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 20em;">Total £3,695,000</span><br /> </p> <p>The annual expenditure in connection with the maintenance of the Fleet unit, pay of personnel, and interest on first cost and sinking fund, was estimated -to be about £600,000, to which amount a further +to be about £600,000, to which amount a further additional sum would have to be added in view of the higher rates of pay in Australia and the cost of training and subsidiary establishments, making an -estimated total of £750,000 a year.</p><p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_117" id="Page_117">[Pg 117]</a></span></p> +estimated total of £750,000 a year.</p><p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_117" id="Page_117">[Pg 117]</a></span></p> <p>The Imperial Government, until such time as the Commonwealth could take over the whole cost, offered to assist the Commonwealth Government by -an annual contribution of £250,000 towards the +an annual contribution of £250,000 towards the maintenance of the complete Fleet unit; but the offer was refused, and the Australian taxpayer took on the whole burden at once.</p> @@ -3809,7 +3796,7 @@ arranged for a British Admiral of standing to visit the Commonwealth and report on its naval needs. His report suggested the quick construction of a Fleet and of docks, etc., involving an expenditure, -within a very short time, of £28,000,000. There was +within a very short time, of £28,000,000. There was no grumbling at this from the Labour Party Government then in power. "We have called in a doctor. We must take his prescription," said one of the @@ -3854,9 +3841,9 @@ new nation of the United States finds her food supply and raw material supply tightening, and has just been checked in an attempt to obtain a lien on the natural resources of the British Dominion of Canada. Now, -excluding manufactures, the 4½ million people of +excluding manufactures, the 4½ million people of Australia produce wealth from farm and field and -mine to the total of £134,500,000 a year. Those 4½ +mine to the total of £134,500,000 a year. Those 4½ millions could be raised to 40 millions without much<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_119" id="Page_119">[Pg 119]</a></span> lessening of the average rate of production (only mining and forestry would be affected).</p> @@ -4278,12 +4265,12 @@ Australia has, of necessity, brought up the position of New Zealand under that joint agreement. I therefore suggest that on completion of the China unit, the present agreement with New Zealand should -cease, that its contribution of £100,000 per annum +cease, that its contribution of £100,000 per annum should continue and be used to pay the difference in the rates of pay to New Zealanders above what would be paid under the ordinary British rate. If the contribution for the advanced rate of pay did not -amount to £100,000 per annum, any balance to be at +amount to £100,000 per annum, any balance to be at the disposal of the Admiralty.</p> <p>"The whole of this Fleet unit to be taken in hand @@ -4604,13 +4591,13 @@ and for wages he had no use.</p> two, from the veranda of a house at Suva, a Fijian garden-boy at work. This was a "good" garden-boy, noted in the town for his industry. And he played -with his work with an elegant naïveté that was altogether +with his work with an elegant naïveté that was altogether charming to one who had not to be his paymaster. Almost bare of clothing, his fine bronzed muscles rippled and glanced to show that he had the strength for any task if he had but the will. Perhaps the gentleness of his energy was inspired by the -æsthetic idea of just keeping his bronze skin a little +æsthetic idea of just keeping his bronze skin a little moist, so as to bring out to the full its satin grace without blurring the fine anatomical lines with drops of visible sweat. His languid grace deserved that it<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_144" id="Page_144">[Pg 144]</a></span> @@ -5103,32 +5090,32 @@ of Portuguese-Indian origin—are:—</p> <p>The Republic of Argentina, area 3,954,911 square miles; population, 6,489,000 (increasing largely by immigration from all parts of Europe); revenue, -about £20,000,000 a year.</p> +about £20,000,000 a year.</p> <p>The Republic of Bolivia, area 605,400 square miles; -population 2,049,000; revenue, about £1,300,000 +population 2,049,000; revenue, about £1,300,000 a year.</p> <p>The Republic of Brazil, area 3,218,991 square miles; population 21,461,000 (there is a great European -immigration); revenue, about £18,000,000 a year.</p> +immigration); revenue, about £18,000,000 a year.</p> <p>The Republic of Chili, area 2474 square miles; -population about 4,500,000; revenue about £1,400,000 +population about 4,500,000; revenue about £1,400,000 a year.</p> <p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_161" id="Page_161">[Pg 161]</a></span></p> <p>The Republic of Ecuador, area 116,000 square miles; population about 1,400,000; revenue about -£1,400,000.</p> +£1,400,000.</p> <p>The Republic of Uruguay, area 72,210 square miles; population 1,042,668; revenue about -£5,000,000.</p> +£5,000,000.</p> <p>The Republic of Venezuela, area 393,870 square -miles; revenue about £2,000,000.</p> +miles; revenue about £2,000,000.</p> <p>The Republic of Paraguay, area 98,000 square miles; population about 650,000.</p> @@ -5184,17 +5171,17 @@ union. Such a development would be a very serious detriment to British trade interests, and to the British position in the Pacific. British export trade with Latin America is very considerable, amounting to -some £60,000,000 worth a year. The two greatest -contributors to the total are Brazil (£16,426,000 in -1910) and the Argentine Republic (£19,097,000 in<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_163" id="Page_163">[Pg 163]</a></span> +some £60,000,000 worth a year. The two greatest +contributors to the total are Brazil (£16,426,000 in +1910) and the Argentine Republic (£19,097,000 in<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_163" id="Page_163">[Pg 163]</a></span> 1910). Their communications with Great Britain will be left unchanged with the opening of the Panama Canal: and that event consequently will not strengthen American influence there. The same -remark applies to trade with Mexico (£2,399,000 in -1910), with Columbia (£1,196,000), with Uruguay -(£2,940,000). But trade with Peru (£1,315,000) and -Chili (£5,479,000) will be affected by the canal bringing +remark applies to trade with Mexico (£2,399,000 in +1910), with Columbia (£1,196,000), with Uruguay +(£2,940,000). But trade with Peru (£1,315,000) and +Chili (£5,479,000) will be affected by the canal bringing New York competition nearer.</p> <p>There would, however, be a very serious position @@ -5202,8 +5189,8 @@ created for British trading interests if a proposal were carried out of an American preferential tariff system embracing the United States and Latin America. The total of British trade with Latin America (about -£60,000,000) is nearly one-third of the total of British -foreign trade (£183,986,000 in 1910), and is more +£60,000,000) is nearly one-third of the total of British +foreign trade (£183,986,000 in 1910), and is more than half the total British trade with British possessions. Moreover, it is almost exclusively in lines in which United States competition is already keenly @@ -5299,7 +5286,7 @@ Louis XIV., made them a royal province, and, with Jean Baptiste Talon as Governor, Monseigneur Laval as Bishop, and the Marquis de Tracy as soldier, French Canada was organised under a system of -theocratic despotism. The new régime was strictly +theocratic despotism. The new régime was strictly paternal. The colonists were allowed no self-governing rights; a feudal system was set up, and the land divided into seignories, whose vassals were @@ -5449,7 +5436,7 @@ Pacific might in the future form an acceptable system of naval defence, Canada's double seaboard rendered the provision of such a Fleet unit unsuitable for the present. Two alternative plans, based upon annual -expenditures respectively of £600,000 and £400,000,</p> +expenditures respectively of £600,000 and £400,000,</p> <p>*<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_173" id="Page_173">[Pg 173]</a></span> were considered, the former contemplating the provision @@ -5460,7 +5447,7 @@ destroyers to be placed on the Atlantic side and the 'Bristol' cruisers to be divided between the Atlantic and Pacific oceans." Yet it had been expected that Canada would at least have followed the Australian -offer of a Pacific Fleet unit at a cost of £3,000,000 +offer of a Pacific Fleet unit at a cost of £3,000,000 a year.</p> <p>Sir Wilfrid Laurier's fall came when, in the natural @@ -5545,7 +5532,7 @@ forecast of their strength in 1915.</p> order, the Pacific Powers have naval strength as follows:—</p> -<p><i>Russia.</i>—Russia is spending some £12,000,000 a +<p><i>Russia.</i>—Russia is spending some £12,000,000 a year on her navy, and is said to contemplate a force of sixteen "Dreadnoughts." Of these, four are now in hand, but the date of their completion is uncertain. @@ -5576,7 +5563,7 @@ one hundred destroyers, fifty submarines and various other boats. But it is likely that financial need will prevent that programme from being realised. For the current year the Japanese naval estimates amount -to £8,800,000. At present the Japanese navy includes +to £8,800,000. At present the Japanese navy includes some two hundred ships, of which thirty-eight are practically useless. The possibly useful Fleet comprises seventeen battleships and battleship cruisers, @@ -5601,7 +5588,7 @@ considered as a serious Pacific naval Power until the Panama Canal has been completed.<a name="FNanchor_7_7" id="FNanchor_7_7"></a><a href="#Footnote_7_7" class="fnanchor">[7]</a> Then under certain circumstances the greater part of her Fleet would be available for service in the Pacific. She -spends some £26,000,000 yearly on her navy. She +spends some £26,000,000 yearly on her navy. She has at present four "Dreadnoughts" in commission, and by the time that this book is in print should have six. Her building programme provides for two @@ -5663,12 +5650,12 @@ carries a thousand pounds of gun-cotton. The sub-surface boat may be used as an ordinary torpedo boat, or she may be bodily directed at a hostile ship after her crew of two have left. It is estimated that the -sub-surface boat will cost about £5000, all told, +sub-surface boat will cost about £5000, all told, and it seems possible that it will be a serious weapon of naval warfare.</p> <p><i>Great Britain.</i>—Great Britain spent last year -nearly £45,000,000 on her navy, which is the supreme +nearly £45,000,000 on her navy, which is the supreme naval force of the world. But its weight in a Pacific combat at present would be felt chiefly in regard to keeping the ring clear. No European Power hostile @@ -5705,7 +5692,7 @@ as follows:—</p> 10 Protected Cruisers,<br /> 18 Destroyers,<br /> 12 Submarines,<br /> -<span style="margin-left: 0.5em;">3 Depôt Ships for Flotillas,</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 0.5em;">3 Depôt Ships for Flotillas,</span><br /> <span style="margin-left: 0.5em;">1 Fleet Repair Ship,</span><br /> —<br /> 52.<br /> @@ -5727,7 +5714,7 @@ follows:—</p> <tr><td align="left">Protected cruiser</td><td align="right"> 3</td><td align="right"> 2</td><td align="right"> 5</td></tr> <tr><td align="left">Torpedo-boat destroyer</td><td align="right"> 8</td><td align="right"> 4</td><td align="right"> 12</td></tr> <tr><td align="left">Submarine</td><td align="right"> 3</td><td align="right"> ...</td><td align="right"> 3</td></tr> -<tr><td align="left">Depôt ship for torpedo-boat destroyers</td><td align="right"> 2</td><td align="right"> ...</td><td align="right"> 2</td></tr> +<tr><td align="left">Depôt ship for torpedo-boat destroyers</td><td align="right"> 2</td><td align="right"> ...</td><td align="right"> 2</td></tr> <tr><td align="left">Fleet repair ship</td><td align="right"> ...</td><td align="right"> ...</td><td align="right"> ...</td></tr> <tr><td align="left"> Total</td><td align="right"> 19</td><td align="right"> 7</td><td align="right"> 26</td></tr> <tr><td colspan="4" align="center">WESTERN DIVISION.</td></tr> @@ -5735,15 +5722,15 @@ follows:—</p> <tr><td align="left">Protected cruiser</td><td align="right"> 3</td><td align="right"> 2</td><td align="right"> 5</td></tr> <tr><td align="left">Torpedo-boat destroyer</td><td align="right"> 4</td><td align="right"> 2</td><td align="right"> 6</td></tr> <tr><td align="left">Submarine</td><td align="right"> 9</td><td align="right"> ...</td><td align="right"> 9</td></tr> -<tr><td align="left">Depôt ship for torpedo-boat destroyers</td><td align="right"> 1</td><td align="right"> ...</td><td align="right"> 1</td></tr> +<tr><td align="left">Depôt ship for torpedo-boat destroyers</td><td align="right"> 1</td><td align="right"> ...</td><td align="right"> 1</td></tr> <tr><td align="left">Fleet repair ship</td><td align="right"> 1</td><td align="right"> ...</td><td align="right"> 1</td></tr> <tr><td align="left">Total</td><td align="right"> 21</td><td align="right"> 5</td><td align="right"> 26</td></tr> <tr><td align="left">Grand total of both divisions</td><td align="right"> 40</td><td align="right"> 12</td><td align="right"> 52</td></tr> </table></div> -<p>That would necessitate £3,000,000 a year expenditure +<p>That would necessitate £3,000,000 a year expenditure for the first five years, rising gradually to -£5,000,000 a year. To this the Australian Government +£5,000,000 a year. To this the Australian Government is understood to be agreeable.</p><p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_183" id="Page_183">[Pg 183]</a></span></p> <p>New Zealand does not propose to organise a @@ -6106,7 +6093,7 @@ will be paid on first joining and on graduation.</p> the public and credited to Cadets' accounts after they have joined:—</p> -<blockquote><p>"Outfit allowance—£30 on joining.</p> +<blockquote><p>"Outfit allowance—£30 on joining.</p> <p>"Daily allowance of five shillings and sixpence (5s. 6d.) to cover cost of uniform and clothing, @@ -6862,10 +6849,10 @@ isthmus was the first task in canal-building.</p> <p>The mosquitoes, the disseminators of the deadly tropical diseases, were attacked in their breeding -grounds, and their larvæ easily destroyed by putting +grounds, and their larvæ easily destroyed by putting a film of oil over the surface of the shallow waters in which they lived. The oil smothered the -life in the larvæ, and they perished before they had +life in the larvæ, and they perished before they had fully developed. The insect fortunately has no great range of flight. Its life is short, and it cannot pass far from its birthplace. Herodotus tells how Egyptians @@ -6877,7 +6864,7 @@ is certainty of future immunity from them within that area if the marshes, the pools—the stagnant waters generally on its boundaries—are thereafter guarded during the hatching season against the<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_218" id="Page_218">[Pg 218]</a></span> -chance of mosquito larvæ coming to winged life. +chance of mosquito larvæ coming to winged life. At Suez scientists had found this all out. Science conquered the mosquito in Panama as it had been conquered elsewhere, and the entrenchments of @@ -6898,7 +6885,7 @@ due date. That brings the canal as a realised fact right into the present.</p> <p>Some few facts regarding this engineering work. -It will cost about £70,000,000. The total length of +It will cost about £70,000,000. The total length of the canal to be made from sea to sea is 50-1/2 miles, with a maximum width on the bottom of 1000 feet. The land excavation is 40-1/2 miles of cutting through @@ -7016,7 +7003,7 @@ States even more as a military than as an industrial necessity. In war time the United States will use the canal so that she may mobilise her Fleet in either ocean. Already she has passed estimates amounting -to £3,000,000 for installing 14-inch guns, searchlights, +to £3,000,000 for installing 14-inch guns, searchlights, and submarine mines at either entrance. She is also establishing a naval base at Cuba to guard the Atlantic entrance, and designs yet another base at @@ -7161,7 +7148,7 @@ owners of the <i>Kroonland</i> and the <i>Finland</i> have this in mind."</p><p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_227" id="Page_227">[Pg 227]</a></span></p> <p>Clearly the United States, having expended -£70,000,000 directly, and a great deal indirectly, on +£70,000,000 directly, and a great deal indirectly, on the Panama Canal, intends to put it to some profitable use, both in war time and in peace time. Naval supremacy in the Pacific in war time, industrial @@ -7206,7 +7193,7 @@ turned to bad account is another proof that an age, in which there is much talk of peace, is still governed in the main by the ideas of warfare. The other day, to Dr Hall Edwards, known as the <ins title="Transcriber's Note: 'X-Ray' in the index">X-ray</ins> Martyr," -a grateful nation gave a pension of £120 a year after +a grateful nation gave a pension of £120 a year after he had had his second hand amputated. He had given practically his life ("for you do take my life when you take the means whereby I live") to @@ -7214,7 +7201,7 @@ Humanity. As truly as any martyr who died for a religious idea or a political principle, or for the rescue of another in danger, he had earned the blessing decreed to whomsoever gives up his life for his -brother. And he was awarded a pension of £120 +brother. And he was awarded a pension of £120 a year to comfort the remainder of his maimed existence! At the same time that Dr Hall Edwards was awarded his pension, an engineer thought he had @@ -7228,7 +7215,7 @@ and even further." The invention would have raised the potential homicidal power of man a thousandfold. And the inventor asked—and, without a doubt, if he had proved his weapon to be what he said, would -have got—£1,000,000. The invention did not justify<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_230" id="Page_230">[Pg 230]</a></span> +have got—£1,000,000. The invention did not justify<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_230" id="Page_230">[Pg 230]</a></span> at the time the claims made on its behalf. But a new method of destruction which did, could command its million pounds with certainty from almost any @@ -7368,7 +7355,7 @@ that no ship should bring Chinese immigrants to a greater number than one for every 300 tons of cargo measurement (thus a ship of 3000 tons could not bring more than ten Chinese): and each Chinaman -on landing had to pay a poll tax of £100. Chinese +on landing had to pay a poll tax of £100. Chinese could not claim naturalisation rights and could not engage in gold-mining without permission. Since then the Australian Commonwealth has passed a @@ -7644,13 +7631,13 @@ The Canadian people have the ambition to become manufacturers, and already they satisfy the home demand for many lines of manufactured goods, and have established an export trade in manufactures -worth about £7,000,000 a year. Australia, too, +worth about £7,000,000 a year. Australia, too, aspires to be a manufacturing country, and though she has not risen yet to the dignity of being an exporter of manufactures to any considerable extent, the valuation of her production from manufactures (<i>i.e.</i> value added in process of manufacture) is some -£180,000,000 a year.</p> +£180,000,000 a year.</p> <p>To sum up: in neutral markets of the Pacific (<i>i.e.</i><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_244" id="Page_244">[Pg 244]</a></span> markets in which the goods of all nations can compete @@ -8440,7 +8427,7 @@ Canal. Intervention has been threatened once already in Mexico. With any further disorder it may be carried into effect. The United States cannot afford to allow the chance of a disorderly -force marching down to destroy £70,000,000 worth +force marching down to destroy £70,000,000 worth of United States property. Central America has<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_270" id="Page_270">[Pg 270]</a></span> been marked down for a process of peaceful absorption. The treaty with Honduras (a similar one @@ -10467,7 +10454,7 @@ secretary of the Chinese Legation. </p> <p> "None of the dynasties in China," he said, "has ever maintained -a tyrannical <i>régime</i> for any length of time, least of all the Manchu +a tyrannical <i>régime</i> for any length of time, least of all the Manchu dynasty, the policy of which has consisted rather of a mixture of paternalism and obscurantism than of hard repression of the people.... The present unanimous desire of the Chinese to remove the @@ -10477,18 +10464,18 @@ Westernisation can save China from disruption and partition. The removal of the Manchu dynasty is of no greater national moment to China than would be the fall of a Cabinet to any European country. Personal animus enters, indeed, so little into -the determination of the new Chinese <i>régime</i> that the question of +the determination of the new Chinese <i>régime</i> that the question of setting apart lands for the deposed dynasty, and even of granting it ex-territorial privileges, may eventually be accepted in the way of a solution. In regard to the adoption of Republican ideas, it may be said that the Chinese statesman does not understand the -meaning of the Republican principle, and if a new <i>régime</i> should +meaning of the Republican principle, and if a new <i>régime</i> should declare itself Republican, its Republicanism will be of a much more strongly democratic type than any known to Europe. It will even be more popular in its constitution than the American, and will far more fully seek the development of the common weal than most bureaucratic systems bearing the name. The suggested application -of Christian principles to the new <i>régime</i> may be regarded as +of Christian principles to the new <i>régime</i> may be regarded as wholly impossible. Confucianism, by which China stands or falls, is a secular philosophy, the only semblance of a spiritual or religious tenet in which is the principle of ancestor-worship, and though a @@ -10617,9 +10604,9 @@ immigration.</p></div> where coloured labour has been obtainable in practically any quantity for mining; yet it is the part of Australia where the experience of mine-owners has been generally the most disastrous. -In 1906 the production amounted to £126,000; in the last four +In 1906 the production amounted to £126,000; in the last four years, according to a report just furnished by the Chief Warden -(1911), it has got down to £60,000 a year, and is now shrivelling so +(1911), it has got down to £60,000 a year, and is now shrivelling so fast that the whole industry is threatened. "The values of the properties worked in the past are not accountable for this depressed condition," says the Chief Warden, "for there is every reason for @@ -10680,360 +10667,6 @@ match the spelling elsewhere in the book.</p> <p> </p> <p> </p> -<hr class="full" /> -<p>***END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK PROBLEMS OF THE PACIFIC***</p> -<p>******* This file should be named 40305-h.txt or 40305-h.zip *******</p> -<p>This and all associated files of various formats will be found in:<br /> -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/dirs/4/0/3/0/40305">http://www.gutenberg.org/4/0/3/0/40305</a></p> -<p> -Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions -will be renamed.</p> - -<p> -Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no -one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation -(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without -permission and without paying copyright royalties. Special rules, -set forth in the General Terms of Use part of this license, apply to -copying and distributing Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works to -protect the PROJECT GUTENBERG-tm concept and trademark. Project -Gutenberg is a registered trademark, and may not be used if you -charge for the eBooks, unless you receive specific permission. If you -do not charge anything for copies of this eBook, complying with the -rules is very easy. You may use this eBook for nearly any purpose -such as creation of derivative works, reports, performances and -research. They may be modified and printed and given away--you may do -practically ANYTHING with public domain eBooks. Redistribution is -subject to the trademark license, especially commercial -redistribution. -</p> - -<h2>*** START: FULL LICENSE ***<br /> - -THE FULL PROJECT GUTENBERG LICENSE<br /> -PLEASE READ THIS BEFORE YOU DISTRIBUTE OR USE THIS WORK</h2> - -<p>To protect the Project Gutenberg-tm mission of promoting the free -distribution of electronic works, by using or distributing this work -(or any other work associated in any way with the phrase "Project -Gutenberg"), you agree to comply with all the terms of the Full Project -Gutenberg-tm License available with this file or online at -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/license">www.gutenberg.org/license</a>.</p> - -<h3>Section 1. General Terms of Use and Redistributing Project Gutenberg-tm -electronic works</h3> - -<p>1.A. By reading or using any part of this Project Gutenberg-tm -electronic work, you indicate that you have read, understand, agree to -and accept all the terms of this license and intellectual property -(trademark/copyright) agreement. If you do not agree to abide by all -the terms of this agreement, you must cease using and return or destroy -all copies of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works in your possession. -If you paid a fee for obtaining a copy of or access to a Project -Gutenberg-tm electronic work and you do not agree to be bound by the -terms of this agreement, you may obtain a refund from the person or -entity to whom you paid the fee as set forth in paragraph 1.E.8.</p> - -<p>1.B. "Project Gutenberg" is a registered trademark. It may only be -used on or associated in any way with an electronic work by people who -agree to be bound by the terms of this agreement. There are a few -things that you can do with most Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works -even without complying with the full terms of this agreement. See -paragraph 1.C below. There are a lot of things you can do with Project -Gutenberg-tm electronic works if you follow the terms of this agreement -and help preserve free future access to Project Gutenberg-tm electronic -works. See paragraph 1.E below.</p> - -<p>1.C. The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation ("the Foundation" -or PGLAF), owns a compilation copyright in the collection of Project -Gutenberg-tm electronic works. Nearly all the individual works in the -collection are in the public domain in the United States. If an -individual work is in the public domain in the United States and you are -located in the United States, we do not claim a right to prevent you from -copying, distributing, performing, displaying or creating derivative -works based on the work as long as all references to Project Gutenberg -are removed. Of course, we hope that you will support the Project -Gutenberg-tm mission of promoting free access to electronic works by -freely sharing Project Gutenberg-tm works in compliance with the terms of -this agreement for keeping the Project Gutenberg-tm name associated with -the work. You can easily comply with the terms of this agreement by -keeping this work in the same format with its attached full Project -Gutenberg-tm License when you share it without charge with others.</p> - -<p>1.D. The copyright laws of the place where you are located also govern -what you can do with this work. Copyright laws in most countries are in -a constant state of change. If you are outside the United States, check -the laws of your country in addition to the terms of this agreement -before downloading, copying, displaying, performing, distributing or -creating derivative works based on this work or any other Project -Gutenberg-tm work. The Foundation makes no representations concerning -the copyright status of any work in any country outside the United -States.</p> - -<p>1.E. Unless you have removed all references to Project Gutenberg:</p> - -<p>1.E.1. The following sentence, with active links to, or other immediate -access to, the full Project Gutenberg-tm License must appear prominently -whenever any copy of a Project Gutenberg-tm work (any work on which the -phrase "Project Gutenberg" appears, or with which the phrase "Project -Gutenberg" is associated) is accessed, displayed, performed, viewed, -copied or distributed:</p> - -<p>This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with -almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or -re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included -with this eBook or online at <a -href="http://www.gutenberg.org">www.gutenberg.org</a></p> - -<p>1.E.2. If an individual Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work is derived -from the public domain (does not contain a notice indicating that it is -posted with permission of the copyright holder), the work can be copied -and distributed to anyone in the United States without paying any fees -or charges. If you are redistributing or providing access to a work -with the phrase "Project Gutenberg" associated with or appearing on the -work, you must comply either with the requirements of paragraphs 1.E.1 -through 1.E.7 or obtain permission for the use of the work and the -Project Gutenberg-tm trademark as set forth in paragraphs 1.E.8 or -1.E.9.</p> - -<p>1.E.3. If an individual Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work is posted -with the permission of the copyright holder, your use and distribution -must comply with both paragraphs 1.E.1 through 1.E.7 and any additional -terms imposed by the copyright holder. Additional terms will be linked -to the Project Gutenberg-tm License for all works posted with the -permission of the copyright holder found at the beginning of this work.</p> - -<p>1.E.4. Do not unlink or detach or remove the full Project Gutenberg-tm -License terms from this work, or any files containing a part of this -work or any other work associated with Project Gutenberg-tm.</p> - -<p>1.E.5. Do not copy, display, perform, distribute or redistribute this -electronic work, or any part of this electronic work, without -prominently displaying the sentence set forth in paragraph 1.E.1 with -active links or immediate access to the full terms of the Project -Gutenberg-tm License.</p> - -<p>1.E.6. You may convert to and distribute this work in any binary, -compressed, marked up, nonproprietary or proprietary form, including any -word processing or hypertext form. However, if you provide access to or -distribute copies of a Project Gutenberg-tm work in a format other than -"Plain Vanilla ASCII" or other format used in the official version -posted on the official Project Gutenberg-tm web site (www.gutenberg.org), -you must, at no additional cost, fee or expense to the user, provide a -copy, a means of exporting a copy, or a means of obtaining a copy upon -request, of the work in its original "Plain Vanilla ASCII" or other -form. Any alternate format must include the full Project Gutenberg-tm -License as specified in paragraph 1.E.1.</p> - -<p>1.E.7. Do not charge a fee for access to, viewing, displaying, -performing, copying or distributing any Project Gutenberg-tm works -unless you comply with paragraph 1.E.8 or 1.E.9.</p> - -<p>1.E.8. You may charge a reasonable fee for copies of or providing -access to or distributing Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works provided -that</p> - -<ul> -<li>You pay a royalty fee of 20% of the gross profits you derive from - the use of Project Gutenberg-tm works calculated using the method - you already use to calculate your applicable taxes. The fee is - owed to the owner of the Project Gutenberg-tm trademark, but he - has agreed to donate royalties under this paragraph to the - Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation. Royalty payments - must be paid within 60 days following each date on which you - prepare (or are legally required to prepare) your periodic tax - returns. Royalty payments should be clearly marked as such and - sent to the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation at the - address specified in Section 4, "Information about donations to - the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation."</li> - -<li>You provide a full refund of any money paid by a user who notifies - you in writing (or by e-mail) within 30 days of receipt that s/he - does not agree to the terms of the full Project Gutenberg-tm - License. You must require such a user to return or - destroy all copies of the works possessed in a physical medium - and discontinue all use of and all access to other copies of - Project Gutenberg-tm works.</li> - -<li>You provide, in accordance with paragraph 1.F.3, a full refund of any - money paid for a work or a replacement copy, if a defect in the - electronic work is discovered and reported to you within 90 days - of receipt of the work.</li> - -<li>You comply with all other terms of this agreement for free - distribution of Project Gutenberg-tm works.</li> -</ul> - -<p>1.E.9. If you wish to charge a fee or distribute a Project Gutenberg-tm -electronic work or group of works on different terms than are set -forth in this agreement, you must obtain permission in writing from -both the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation and Michael -Hart, the owner of the Project Gutenberg-tm trademark. Contact the -Foundation as set forth in Section 3 below.</p> - -<p>1.F.</p> - -<p>1.F.1. Project Gutenberg volunteers and employees expend considerable -effort to identify, do copyright research on, transcribe and proofread -public domain works in creating the Project Gutenberg-tm -collection. Despite these efforts, Project Gutenberg-tm electronic -works, and the medium on which they may be stored, may contain -"Defects," such as, but not limited to, incomplete, inaccurate or -corrupt data, transcription errors, a copyright or other intellectual -property infringement, a defective or damaged disk or other medium, a -computer virus, or computer codes that damage or cannot be read by -your equipment.</p> - -<p>1.F.2. LIMITED WARRANTY, DISCLAIMER OF DAMAGES - Except for the "Right -of Replacement or Refund" described in paragraph 1.F.3, the Project -Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation, the owner of the Project -Gutenberg-tm trademark, and any other party distributing a Project -Gutenberg-tm electronic work under this agreement, disclaim all -liability to you for damages, costs and expenses, including legal -fees. YOU AGREE THAT YOU HAVE NO REMEDIES FOR NEGLIGENCE, STRICT -LIABILITY, BREACH OF WARRANTY OR BREACH OF CONTRACT EXCEPT THOSE -PROVIDED IN PARAGRAPH 1.F.3. YOU AGREE THAT THE FOUNDATION, THE -TRADEMARK OWNER, AND ANY DISTRIBUTOR UNDER THIS AGREEMENT WILL NOT BE -LIABLE TO YOU FOR ACTUAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, CONSEQUENTIAL, PUNITIVE OR -INCIDENTAL DAMAGES EVEN IF YOU GIVE NOTICE OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH -DAMAGE.</p> - -<p>1.F.3. LIMITED RIGHT OF REPLACEMENT OR REFUND - If you discover a -defect in this electronic work within 90 days of receiving it, you can -receive a refund of the money (if any) you paid for it by sending a -written explanation to the person you received the work from. If you -received the work on a physical medium, you must return the medium with -your written explanation. The person or entity that provided you with -the defective work may elect to provide a replacement copy in lieu of a -refund. If you received the work electronically, the person or entity -providing it to you may choose to give you a second opportunity to -receive the work electronically in lieu of a refund. If the second copy -is also defective, you may demand a refund in writing without further -opportunities to fix the problem.</p> - -<p>1.F.4. Except for the limited right of replacement or refund set forth -in paragraph 1.F.3, this work is provided to you 'AS-IS', WITH NO OTHER -WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO -WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR ANY PURPOSE.</p> - -<p>1.F.5. Some states do not allow disclaimers of certain implied -warranties or the exclusion or limitation of certain types of damages. -If any disclaimer or limitation set forth in this agreement violates the -law of the state applicable to this agreement, the agreement shall be -interpreted to make the maximum disclaimer or limitation permitted by -the applicable state law. The invalidity or unenforceability of any -provision of this agreement shall not void the remaining provisions.</p> - -<p>1.F.6. INDEMNITY - You agree to indemnify and hold the Foundation, the -trademark owner, any agent or employee of the Foundation, anyone -providing copies of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works in accordance -with this agreement, and any volunteers associated with the production, -promotion and distribution of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works, -harmless from all liability, costs and expenses, including legal fees, -that arise directly or indirectly from any of the following which you do -or cause to occur: (a) distribution of this or any Project Gutenberg-tm -work, (b) alteration, modification, or additions or deletions to any -Project Gutenberg-tm work, and (c) any Defect you cause.</p> - -<h3>Section 2. Information about the Mission of Project Gutenberg-tm</h3> - -<p>Project Gutenberg-tm is synonymous with the free distribution of -electronic works in formats readable by the widest variety of computers -including obsolete, old, middle-aged and new computers. It exists -because of the efforts of hundreds of volunteers and donations from -people in all walks of life.</p> - -<p>Volunteers and financial support to provide volunteers with the -assistance they need are critical to reaching Project Gutenberg-tm's -goals and ensuring that the Project Gutenberg-tm collection will -remain freely available for generations to come. In 2001, the Project -Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation was created to provide a secure -and permanent future for Project Gutenberg-tm and future generations. -To learn more about the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation -and how your efforts and donations can help, see Sections 3 and 4 and -the Foundation information page at <a -href="http://www.gutenberg.org">www.gutenberg.org</a></p> - -<h3>Section 3. Information about the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive -Foundation</h3> - -<p>The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation is a non profit -501(c)(3) educational corporation organized under the laws of the -state of Mississippi and granted tax exempt status by the Internal -Revenue Service. The Foundation's EIN or federal tax identification -number is 64-6221541. Contributions to the Project Gutenberg -Literary Archive Foundation are tax deductible to the full extent -permitted by U.S. federal laws and your state's laws.</p> - -<p>The Foundation's principal office is located at 4557 Melan Dr. S. -Fairbanks, AK, 99712., but its volunteers and employees are scattered -throughout numerous locations. Its business office is located at 809 -North 1500 West, Salt Lake City, UT 84116, (801) 596-1887. Email -contact links and up to date contact information can be found at the -Foundation's web site and official page at <a -href="http://www.gutenberg.org/contact">www.gutenberg.org/contact</a></p> - -<p>For additional contact information:<br /> - Dr. Gregory B. Newby<br /> - Chief Executive and Director<br /> - gbnewby@pglaf.org</p> - -<h3>Section 4. Information about Donations to the Project Gutenberg -Literary Archive Foundation</h3> - -<p>Project Gutenberg-tm depends upon and cannot survive without wide -spread public support and donations to carry out its mission of -increasing the number of public domain and licensed works that can be -freely distributed in machine readable form accessible by the widest -array of equipment including outdated equipment. Many small donations -($1 to $5,000) are particularly important to maintaining tax exempt -status with the IRS.</p> - -<p>The Foundation is committed to complying with the laws regulating -charities and charitable donations in all 50 states of the United -States. Compliance requirements are not uniform and it takes a -considerable effort, much paperwork and many fees to meet and keep up -with these requirements. We do not solicit donations in locations -where we have not received written confirmation of compliance. To -SEND DONATIONS or determine the status of compliance for any -particular state visit <a -href="http://www.gutenberg.org/donate">www.gutenberg.org/donate</a></p> - -<p>While we cannot and do not solicit contributions from states where we -have not met the solicitation requirements, we know of no prohibition -against accepting unsolicited donations from donors in such states who -approach us with offers to donate.</p> - -<p>International donations are gratefully accepted, but we cannot make -any statements concerning tax treatment of donations received from -outside the United States. U.S. laws alone swamp our small staff.</p> - -<p>Please check the Project Gutenberg Web pages for current donation -methods and addresses. Donations are accepted in a number of other -ways including checks, online payments and credit card donations. -To donate, please visit: <a -href="http://www.gutenberg.org/donate">www.gutenberg.org/donate</a></p> - -<h3>Section 5. General Information About Project Gutenberg-tm electronic -works.</h3> - -<p>Professor Michael S. Hart was the originator of the Project Gutenberg-tm -concept of a library of electronic works that could be freely shared -with anyone. For forty years, he produced and distributed Project -Gutenberg-tm eBooks with only a loose network of volunteer support.</p> - -<p>Project Gutenberg-tm eBooks are often created from several printed -editions, all of which are confirmed as Public Domain in the U.S. -unless a copyright notice is included. Thus, we do not necessarily -keep eBooks in compliance with any particular paper edition.</p> - -<p>Most people start at our Web site which has the main PG search facility: -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org">www.gutenberg.org</a></p> - -<p>This Web site includes information about Project Gutenberg-tm, -including how to make donations to the Project Gutenberg Literary -Archive Foundation, how to help produce our new eBooks, and how to -subscribe to our email newsletter to hear about new eBooks.</p> - +<div>*** END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK 40305 ***</div> </body> </html> |