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diff --git a/40256-h/40256-h.htm b/40256-h/40256-h.htm index 32a8930..c742e93 100644 --- a/40256-h/40256-h.htm +++ b/40256-h/40256-h.htm @@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en" lang="en"> <head> - <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html;charset=iso-8859-1" /> + <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html;charset=UTF-8" /> <meta http-equiv="Content-Style-Type" content="text/css" /> <title> The Project Gutenberg eBook of Barium, A Cause of the Loco-Weed Disease, by Albert C. Crawford. @@ -114,46 +114,7 @@ td, td > p { </style> </head> <body> - - -<pre> - -The Project Gutenberg EBook of Barium, A Cause of the Loco-Weed Disease, by -Albert Cornelius Crawford - -This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with -almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or -re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included -with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org - - -Title: Barium, A Cause of the Loco-Weed Disease - -Author: Albert Cornelius Crawford - -Release Date: July 16, 2012 [EBook #40256] - -Language: English - -Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1 - -*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK BARIUM *** - - - - -Produced by Pat McCoy, Bryan Ness and the Online Distributed -Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This book was -produced from scanned images of public domain material -from the Google Print project.) - - - - - - -</pre> - +<div>*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK 40256 ***</div> <p><span class="pagenum">[Pg 1]</span></p> @@ -490,7 +451,7 @@ Agriculture and Colonization. Ottawas, 1905, p. 53.</p></div> <p>The condition known as “locoed” is popularly believed to be due to eating various plants, especially the members of the Astragalus -and Aragallus genera of the Leguminosæ, or pea family, but +and Aragallus genera of the Leguminosæ, or pea family, but particularly to <i>Astragalus mollissimus</i> and <i>Aragallus lamberti</i>. These plants have therefore received the name “loco plants,”<a name="FNanchor_7_8" id="FNanchor_7_8"></a><a href="#Footnote_7_8" class="fnanchor">[7]</a> or crazy weed. But others, as <i>Astragalus mortoni</i>,<a name="FNanchor_8_9" id="FNanchor_8_9"></a><a href="#Footnote_8_9" class="fnanchor">[8]</a> <i>A. hornii</i>, <i>A. @@ -597,7 +558,7 @@ Industry, 3d Ann. Rept. (1886), p. 272. 1887.</p></div> <div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_22_23" id="Footnote_22_23"></a><a href="#FNanchor_22_23"><span class="label">[22]</span></a> Science, vol. 9, p. 32. 1887.</p></div> <div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_23_24" id="Footnote_23_24"></a><a href="#FNanchor_23_24"><span class="label">[23]</span></a> Hayes, M. H. Veterinary Notes for Horse Owners, London, 1903, p. 425.—Compare -Woronin, M. Ueber die Taumelgetreide in Süd-Ussurien. Bot. Zeit., +Woronin, M. Ueber die Taumelgetreide in Süd-Ussurien. Bot. Zeit., vol. 49, p. 80. 1891.</p></div> <div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_24_25" id="Footnote_24_25"></a><a href="#FNanchor_24_25"><span class="label">[24]</span></a> Chesnut, V. K., and Wilcox, E. V. Stock-Poisoning Plants of Montana. @@ -635,7 +596,7 @@ In some cases diarrhea is also present.</p> <p>All of Nockolds’s animals, however, were constipated and the stools were covered with mucus.<a name="FNanchor_31_32" id="FNanchor_31_32"></a><a href="#Footnote_31_32" class="fnanchor">[31]</a> The dependent portions of the -body may swell, simply as an expression of the anæmia.<a name="FNanchor_32_33" id="FNanchor_32_33"></a><a href="#Footnote_32_33" class="fnanchor">[32]</a> Sometimes +body may swell, simply as an expression of the anæmia.<a name="FNanchor_32_33" id="FNanchor_32_33"></a><a href="#Footnote_32_33" class="fnanchor">[32]</a> Sometimes there are symptoms indicating acute pain,<a name="FNanchor_33_34" id="FNanchor_33_34"></a><a href="#Footnote_33_34" class="fnanchor">[33]</a> the animals running about as if affected with colic. They may belch and their abdomens swell. Some claim that the animals are markedly salivated so that the saliva @@ -679,7 +640,7 @@ will jump over little hollows as if they were wide ditches.<a name="FNanchor_47_ horse may shy without apparent cause and kick at imaginary objects,<a name="FNanchor_48_49" id="FNanchor_48_49"></a><a href="#Footnote_48_49" class="fnanchor">[48]</a> and, in fact, the reasoning powers seem to be lost. These attacks are brought on by sudden excitement or when crossing water.<a name="FNanchor_49_50" id="FNanchor_49_50"></a><a href="#Footnote_49_50" class="fnanchor">[49]</a> There -may be cutaneous hyperæsthesia.</p> +may be cutaneous hyperæsthesia.</p> <p>The animals may remain with the herd, but they often wander away. Stalker records the following observations:</p> @@ -738,7 +699,7 @@ Stalker also says that “it is to be presumed that the plant is possessed and that these effects have a marked tendency to remain permanent.”<a name="FNanchor_62_63" id="FNanchor_62_63"></a><a href="#Footnote_62_63" class="fnanchor">[62]</a></p> <p>The fundamental character of the disorder seems to be a progressing -anæmia. The interpretation of psychical symptoms in herbivora, +anæmia. The interpretation of psychical symptoms in herbivora, and especially on the range, must often be fallacious.</p> <div class="footnotes"><p class="title">FOOTNOTES:</p> @@ -890,7 +851,7 @@ until it dies. During the whole time the sheep become progressively more bloodless, and in advanced cases the blood when shed appears to the naked eye lighter in color. It contains fewer red blood-cells (about two-thirds to one-half the usual number). (The corpuscles were estimated in several cases by -means of a hæmocytometer.) All these symptoms are much aggravated by +means of a hæmocytometer.) All these symptoms are much aggravated by driving. Thus, an animal in which the symptoms are little marked may exhibit them in a striking degree after being driven. In addition to the above the teeth <span class="pagenum"><a id="page17" name="page17">[Pg 17]</a></span>(especially in young sheep) frequently become loose, and consequently displaced @@ -1005,15 +966,15 @@ the lateral ventricles. The arachnoid space is also in some cases similarly filled. Microscopic examination of the brain in the case of a steer showed atrophy of Purkinjie’s cells.<a name="FNanchor_77_78" id="FNanchor_77_78"></a><a href="#Footnote_77_78" class="fnanchor">[77]</a></p> -<p>In sheep the post-mortem examination showed paleness, anæmia +<p>In sheep the post-mortem examination showed paleness, anæmia of the muscles, and great distention of the abdomen. The intestines <span class="pagenum"><a id="page19" name="page19">[Pg 19]</a></span>were found filled with gases, and the mesenteric blood vessels filled with blood. No peritonitis, or ascites, or ecchymoses in the mucous membranes were noted in the autopsies made on sheep by Ruedi. -The liver has been seen enlarged. In sheep the brain was anæmic. +The liver has been seen enlarged. In sheep the brain was anæmic. Microscopically the brain showed atrophy and the Purkinjie’s cells disappeared or their processes atrophied. In these sheep the brain -was so anæmic that the distinction between the gray and the white +was so anæmic that the distinction between the gray and the white matter was hard to define.<a name="FNanchor_78_79" id="FNanchor_78_79"></a><a href="#Footnote_78_79" class="fnanchor">[78]</a> The membranes of the cord have been found inflamed and adherent, but the spinal cord was usually normal.<a name="FNanchor_79_80" id="FNanchor_79_80"></a><a href="#Footnote_79_80" class="fnanchor">[79]</a> In some cases, however, the spinal cord has been found softened<a name="FNanchor_80_81" id="FNanchor_80_81"></a><a href="#Footnote_80_81" class="fnanchor">[80]</a> and @@ -1275,7 +1236,7 @@ before death.</p> and duodenum. Some of the ulcers had nearly perforated the walls of the stomach and duodenum. The heart was in diastole; brain and myel appeared normal. As might be expected from the emaciated condition, the entire body -was anæmic.</p> +was anæmic.</p> <p>In a second case 60 to 70 cubic centimeters of a more concentrated decoction were fed daily, with other food as before, to a vigorous adult cat. @@ -1509,7 +1470,7 @@ extract (unstated strength) of <i>Astragalus mollissimus</i> and recorded the following results:</p> <blockquote><p>After only five injections one of the rabbits died, and the post-mortem showed -to a nicety the congestion of the whole tract of the vena portæ and the anæmia +to a nicety the congestion of the whole tract of the vena portæ and the anæmia of the brain. I put six rabbits under the influence of loco, and the effect was marked, but not rapid, if not given in very concentrated solutions. The solutions were prepared differently, and each of the rabbits had its own preparation, @@ -1526,11 +1487,11 @@ the drollest things possible: One of the rabbits, two hours after dosing it, got sniffing about; this offended the rabbit highly, and it jumped on the neck of the cat, bit it through the skin, and the cat ran screaming away. When the animals are first under the influence of moderate doses of loco, they suffer -greatly from hyperæsthesia of the cutaneous nerves; when one touches them +greatly from hyperæsthesia of the cutaneous nerves; when one touches them with a stick while lying in a corner, without hurting them, one sees the platysma working away very forcibly, and sometimes they utter sounds of pain. According to my experiments the loco-weed works slowly but surely; as soon as the -anæmia of the brain sets in, the animals act in every respect mad like; one hour +anæmia of the brain sets in, the animals act in every respect mad like; one hour they are excitable, and then again dull and languid as can be. The rabbits eat, when well, very quickly, and whenever they have opportunity; not so the locoed rabbit; he eats slowly for a minute or two, then he goes into a corner and @@ -1540,10 +1501,10 @@ only very exceptionally. I observed these rabbits for ten days; they did not die, because I gave them weaker solutions; but they all became very ill, and as I had to leave the park I killed them with the needle inserted into the medulla oblongata, and made the post-mortem. In all of these cases I found great congestion -in the abdomen, and marked anæmia of the brain. The congestion of -the vena portæ commences certainly very early, but still the first symptoms +in the abdomen, and marked anæmia of the brain. The congestion of +the vena portæ commences certainly very early, but still the first symptoms are the nervous symptoms, first as excitants, then depressing or sedative, with -a marked hyperæsthesia of the cutaneous nerves.</p></blockquote> +a marked hyperæsthesia of the cutaneous nerves.</p></blockquote> <p>Ruedi made an attempt to isolate the active principle and separated a base, which he calls “locoin,” from an ether shaking. This @@ -1576,7 +1537,7 @@ bottle-fed lamb; this lamb showed no symptoms, although kept under observation for two weeks. This theory of the causation of loco by worms was also considered by Curtice,<a name="FNanchor_122_123" id="FNanchor_122_123"></a><a href="#Footnote_122_123" class="fnanchor">[122]</a> and later brought forward by Steele<a name="FNanchor_123_124" id="FNanchor_123_124"></a><a href="#Footnote_123_124" class="fnanchor">[123]</a> and Marshall.<a name="FNanchor_124_125" id="FNanchor_124_125"></a><a href="#Footnote_124_125" class="fnanchor">[124]</a> This idea is very suggestive when considered -in relation to the etiology of bothriocephalous anæmia.<a name="FNanchor_125_126" id="FNanchor_125_126"></a><a href="#Footnote_125_126" class="fnanchor">[125]</a></p> +in relation to the etiology of bothriocephalous anæmia.<a name="FNanchor_125_126" id="FNanchor_125_126"></a><a href="#Footnote_125_126" class="fnanchor">[125]</a></p> <p>Others, again, have claimed that the disease is due to a parasite found upon the loco plants, but all specimens examined by entomologists @@ -1758,7 +1719,7 @@ U. S. Geographical Surveys West of the One Hundredth Meridian, vol. 6, p. 43. <div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_89_90" id="Footnote_89_90"></a><a href="#FNanchor_89_90"><span class="label">[89]</span></a> Kellogg, A. California and Colorado Loco Poisons. Cal. Academy of Sciences, Proc., 1875, vol. 6, p. 3. 1876.</p></div> -<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_90_91" id="Footnote_90_91"></a><a href="#FNanchor_90_91"><span class="label">[90]</span></a> Rothrock, J. T. Poisonous Properties of the Leguminosæ. Acad. of Nat. +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_90_91" id="Footnote_90_91"></a><a href="#FNanchor_90_91"><span class="label">[90]</span></a> Rothrock, J. T. Poisonous Properties of the Leguminosæ. Acad. of Nat. Sci., Phila., Proc., vol. 29, p. 274. 1877.</p></div> <div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_91_92" id="Footnote_91_92"></a><a href="#FNanchor_91_92"><span class="label">[91]</span></a> Prescott, A. B. Laboratory Notes—A Partial Analysis of the Oxytropis @@ -1858,7 +1819,7 @@ Bul., vol. 15, p. 181. 1904.—Data as to these parasites of sheep may be fo in Curtice, C., The Animal Parasites of Sheep, Bur. Animal Industry, Rept., 1890.</p></div> -<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_125_126" id="Footnote_125_126"></a><a href="#FNanchor_125_126"><span class="label">[125]</span></a> Faust, E. S., and Tallquist, T. W. Ueber d. Ursachen der Bothriocephalus-anämie. +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_125_126" id="Footnote_125_126"></a><a href="#FNanchor_125_126"><span class="label">[125]</span></a> Faust, E. S., and Tallquist, T. W. Ueber d. Ursachen der Bothriocephalus-anämie. Arch. f. Exp. Path., vol. 57, p. 367. 1907.</p></div> <div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_126_127" id="Footnote_126_127"></a><a href="#FNanchor_126_127"><span class="label">[126]</span></a> Walshia Amorphella and the Loco Weed. Insect Life, vol. 2, p. 50. 1889-90. @@ -1985,7 +1946,7 @@ Hurd, H. M. Amer. Journ. Insanity, vol. 42, p. 178. 1885-86.</p></div> 1004. Greshoff, M. Beschrijving d. Giftige en Bedwelmeude Planten bij de Vischvangst in Gebrulk, p. 51. 1900.</p></div> -<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_153_154" id="Footnote_153_154"></a><a href="#FNanchor_153_154"><span class="label">[153]</span></a> Pott, E. Handb. d. tierisch. Ernährung, vol. 2, p. 113. 1907.</p></div> +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_153_154" id="Footnote_153_154"></a><a href="#FNanchor_153_154"><span class="label">[153]</span></a> Pott, E. Handb. d. tierisch. Ernährung, vol. 2, p. 113. 1907.</p></div> </div> @@ -2028,18 +1989,18 @@ the fresh <i>Astragalus mollissimus</i>, collected in September and preserved in chloroform water. Before feeding, the rabbit’s ears were warm and the rabbit struggled when any attempt was made to turn him on his back. The temperature at 10.50 a.m., the time of feeding, -was 103.5°F.; at 11.15 a.m., 102.5°F. At 11.30 a.m. the rabbit was +was 103.5°F.; at 11.15 a.m., 102.5°F. At 11.30 a.m. the rabbit was breathing very rapidly and would stay on his back for some time if -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page37" name="page37">[Pg 37]</a></span>placed so. The temperature at this time was 102.6°F. Both +<span class="pagenum"><a id="page37" name="page37">[Pg 37]</a></span>placed so. The temperature at this time was 102.6°F. Both pupils, the one exposed to the light and the one protected, were contracted. At 12.02 p.m. convulsive movements of the legs appeared. -The rabbit made one leap, the temperature rose to 103.6°F., and +The rabbit made one leap, the temperature rose to 103.6°F., and after a few convulsive movements of the limbs the anus relaxed and a small stool appeared, the pupils dilated, and the animal died at 12.06 p.m.</p> <p><i>Experiment No. 4.</i>—The feeding of the extract of 464 grams induced -a fall in temperature of 2.4°F. in three hours, and the rabbit +a fall in temperature of 2.4°F. in three hours, and the rabbit died several hours later (at night).</p> <p><i>Experiment No. 5.</i>—March 2, 1906, a rabbit weighing 928 grams @@ -2114,11 +2075,11 @@ at Hugo, Colo.</p></div> aqueous extract of 250 grams of the fresh <i>Astragalus mollissimus</i>, collected September 18, 1905, and preserved in chloroform. This rabbit was very hard to hold. The ears rested on the body. The -temperature at the time of feeding, 1.30 p.m., was 102.3°F. At 2.57 +temperature at the time of feeding, 1.30 p.m., was 102.3°F. At 2.57 p.m. the animal looked dull but resisted handling. At 3.30 p.m. it -urinated. At 4.15 p.m. the temperature was 98.5°F., the pupils were +urinated. At 4.15 p.m. the temperature was 98.5°F., the pupils were about the same size as before feeding, and the animal became much -duller. The next day at 12.50 p.m. the temperature was 102.4°F., +duller. The next day at 12.50 p.m. the temperature was 102.4°F., and at this time the animal could be handled with greater ease. The animal ate in the morning. The same amount of extract was again fed at 1.24 p.m. At 1.35 p.m. the animal was much duller and could @@ -2126,42 +2087,42 @@ be turned on his back with ease. If disturbed he ran against the wall as if utterly unconscious of the obstruction. The animal had soft, liquid, brown stools and tried to lie down as much as possible. If turned on its back with the feet up it would stay so almost indefinitely. -Temperature, 103.8°F.; respiration very rapid. At 2.40 p.m. -the temperature was 99.8°F., and the animal died a few minutes later. +Temperature, 103.8°F.; respiration very rapid. At 2.40 p.m. +the temperature was 99.8°F., and the animal died a few minutes later. After death the pupils were much contracted. The vessels of the dura covering the brain were much dilated, but the vessels inside the brain were not dilated. The stomach walls were congested and -marked with numerous petechiæ and covered with mucus.</p> +marked with numerous petechiæ and covered with mucus.</p> <p><i>Experiment No. 7.</i>—On February 19, 1906, a white and brown -rabbit whose temperature was 103.2°F. was fed 30 c.c. of aqueous +rabbit whose temperature was 103.2°F. was fed 30 c.c. of aqueous fluid representing the concentrated extract of 125 grams of the fresh<span class="pagenum">[Pg 39]</span> <i>Astragalus mollissimus</i>, collected September, 1905, and preserved with chloroform. The rabbit weighed 1,502.5 grams. This extract was -fed at 1.45 p.m., and at 4.15 p.m. the temperature was 102.6°F., but +fed at 1.45 p.m., and at 4.15 p.m. the temperature was 102.6°F., but there were no marked symptoms. The following day at 2.04 p.m. the -temperature registered 102.5°F. The same amount of extract was -given at 2.09 p.m. The temperature at 4 p.m. was 99.8°F., the +temperature registered 102.5°F. The same amount of extract was +given at 2.09 p.m. The temperature at 4 p.m. was 99.8°F., the animal was dull, and the pupils were perhaps a little smaller. The animal could not be turned over without resistance. The following -day, February 21, at 1.30 p.m. the temperature was 102.6°F., and at +day, February 21, at 1.30 p.m. the temperature was 102.6°F., and at 1.45 the same amount of extract was given. At 1.54 p.m. the animal was much duller and the breathing was very rapid. At 4.10 p.m. -the temperature was 101.3°F. The animal had been dull ever since +the temperature was 101.3°F. The animal had been dull ever since the feeding was begun. It nibbled food shortly before the last feeding. On February 23 the same amount of extract was given at 2.16 -p.m., temperature 99°F. The breathing was very rapid, the ears +p.m., temperature 99°F. The breathing was very rapid, the ears shaking, and there was a sleepy, dull look about the animal. At 3.30 p.m. the animal was dull, but would still walk about if disturbed. At this time the animal weighed 1,445.8 grams. At 4.30 p.m. the temperature -was 102°F. and the pupils were about normal size. There +was 102°F. and the pupils were about normal size. There was a marked sleepy look about the animal, which sat quietly in its cage.</p> <p>February 24, at 1 p.m., the animal was very dull and could with ease be turned on its back with its feet in the air. It would sit in its cage perfectly quiet. The weight at this time was 1,417.5 grams, the -temperature 96.6°F. On February 26 the animal weighed 1,360.8 +temperature 96.6°F. On February 26 the animal weighed 1,360.8 grams. It was dull and refused to eat. The abdomen felt very distended and tympanitic. February 27 the weight was still 1,360.8 grams, and the animal sat in its cage as if asleep, with eyes half @@ -2183,7 +2144,7 @@ inches of the small intestine up to where it turned sharply were pale, and below this the intestines were injected and full of gas and of a dark red color. The kidneys were 3-1/2 centimeters long and were pale,<span class="pagenum">[Pg 40]</span> capsules easily peeled off; cortex pale. Liver pale and infected with -some coccideæ. The gall bladder was one-quarter inch wide and one +some coccideæ. The gall bladder was one-quarter inch wide and one inch long. Spleen a trifle pale; lungs pale, nothing abnormal; heart relaxed. On opening the stomach gas and fluid, with some food, exuded. The walls were pale, but pink in some places. There was @@ -2193,33 +2154,33 @@ a little mucus-like fluid, but lower down became bloody, and still lower contained pus-like fluid. The walls were hemorrhagic. The large intestine contained a soft, fecal-like fluid, very foul. Its walls were much congested and full of hemorrhagic points. The cortex of -the suprarenal bodies was sharply defined, the medullæ brownish. +the suprarenal bodies was sharply defined, the medullæ brownish. Brain pale, some dural vessels well marked, no clots or hemorrhages. Base of brain pale. No congestion seen on cutting into the brain. Spinal cord showed no hemorrhages or lymph effusions.</p> <p><i>Experiment No. 8.</i>—On February 18, 1906, at 2 p.m., a rabbit -whose temperature was 102.2°F. was fed with the aqueous extract +whose temperature was 102.2°F. was fed with the aqueous extract of 125 grams of fresh <i>Astragalus mollissimus</i>, collected in September, 1905, and preserved in chloroform, 30 c.c. of the fluid being used. -At 4.25 p.m. the temperature was 102.4°F. No symptoms were +At 4.25 p.m. the temperature was 102.4°F. No symptoms were noted. This rabbit weighed 1,644.3 grams. On February 20 at 2.09 -p.m. the temperature was 102.2°F. and the rabbit showed no symptoms. +p.m. the temperature was 102.2°F. and the rabbit showed no symptoms. The same dose was repeated at 2.15 p.m. At 4 p.m. the temperature -was 100.3°F. The rabbit was dull but could not be turned +was 100.3°F. The rabbit was dull but could not be turned over without a struggle. February 21 at 1.30 p.m. the temperature -was 101.4°F. The same amount of extract was fed at 1.45 p.m. +was 101.4°F. The same amount of extract was fed at 1.45 p.m. At this time the animal was dull and breathed more rapidly. At -4.10 p.m. the temperature was 97.3°F. Next day the same amount +4.10 p.m. the temperature was 97.3°F. Next day the same amount of extract was again given at 2 p.m. At 2.16 p.m. the breathing became rapid and the animal duller. The ears were directed forward. -At 4.15 p.m. the temperature was 101.6°F.; weight 1,757.7 -grams; animal slightly dull. February 24, temperature 102°F., +At 4.15 p.m. the temperature was 101.6°F.; weight 1,757.7 +grams; animal slightly dull. February 24, temperature 102°F., weight 1,786 grams. March 5, weight 1,729.3 grams. The animal was fed at 3.20 p.m. with a concentrated extract of 125 grams of <i>Astragalus mollissimus</i>, collected in September. Temperature at -time of feeding 100.4°F.; 3.40 p.m., no symptoms; 4 p.m., temperature -102°F. March 7, weight 1,644.3 grams; March 8, weight 1,672.6 +time of feeding 100.4°F.; 3.40 p.m., no symptoms; 4 p.m., temperature +102°F. March 7, weight 1,644.3 grams; March 8, weight 1,672.6 grams; March 10, weight 1,701 grams; March 12, weight 1,658.4 grams; March 14, weight 1,701 grams.</p> @@ -2253,7 +2214,7 @@ her abdomen, which was distended. If disturbed, she would butt against the side of the cage, apparently oblivious of its presence. Knee jerks were very active, almost a clonus. Reflex from tendo Achillis active. March 17, forelegs spread out, head falling to left -side. The temperature had fallen below 94°F. and would not +side. The temperature had fallen below 94°F. and would not register on the ordinary clinical thermometer. The ears twitched, the head was thrown back, the abdomen was distended, and the rabbit gritted its teeth. Died. Weight, 1,559.2 grams.</p> @@ -2267,20 +2228,20 @@ Post-mortem examination otherwise negative macroscopically.</p> grams was fed February 18, 1906, at 2.26 p.m., with a concentrated aqueous extract of 250 grams of fresh <i>Astragalus mollissimus</i> collected in September, 1905, and preserved in chloroform water. The -temperature of this rabbit was 102.6°F. The fluid given was 40 c.c. +temperature of this rabbit was 102.6°F. The fluid given was 40 c.c. At 2.45 p.m. the rabbit urinated and at 2.57 p.m. was dull and the respiration became rapid. The animal then aborted and had three young, two of which showed some movement after birth, but were apparently premature.</p> -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="page42" name="page42">[Pg 42]</a></span>On February 23 the temperature of this rabbit was 102.9°F. at +<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="page42" name="page42">[Pg 42]</a></span>On February 23 the temperature of this rabbit was 102.9°F. at 1.40 p.m. She was then fed with the same amount of the extract as before. At 2.16 p.m. she lay down and became much duller; left ear fallen to side. At 3.30 p.m. the rabbit was unable to stand. The pupil of the eye exposed to the light was dilated. The animal died without a struggle. The stomach contained much bloody mucus. In the dependent portion of the stomach near the cardiac end were -marked petechiæ in the walls, with bright-red blood in the stomach +marked petechiæ in the walls, with bright-red blood in the stomach itself. The heart was relaxed. The intestines showed nothing abnormal. The dural vessels of the brain were dilated; there was a clot on the dura over the fourth ventricle. Spinal cord and kidneys normal, @@ -2297,15 +2258,15 @@ grams; March 14, 1,644.3 grams.</p> <p><i>Experiment No. 12.</i> January 19, 1906, a concentrated aqueous extract of 500 grams of the fresh <i>Aragallus lamberti</i> preserved with chloroform water was fed to a rabbit weighing 785 grams. The temperature -at 12.10 p.m., the time of feeding, was 101.6°F. The temperature -1 hour and 43 minutes later was 94.6°F., and the animal +at 12.10 p.m., the time of feeding, was 101.6°F. The temperature +1 hour and 43 minutes later was 94.6°F., and the animal died shortly after, showing the same condition as occurred after feeding extracts of <i>Astragalus mollissimus</i>.</p> <div class="footnotes"><p class="title">FOOTNOTES:</p> -<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_156_157" id="Footnote_156_157"></a><a href="#FNanchor_156_157"><span class="label">[156]</span></a> Compare Plönius, W., Beziehungen d. Geschwürs u. d. Erosionen d. Magens z. -d. funktionell. Störungen u. Krankh. d. Darmes, Arch. f. Verdauungsk., vol. 13, -pp. 180, 270, 1907, and Tixier, L., Anémies Exper. Conséc. aux Ulcér. du Pylore, +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_156_157" id="Footnote_156_157"></a><a href="#FNanchor_156_157"><span class="label">[156]</span></a> Compare Plönius, W., Beziehungen d. Geschwürs u. d. Erosionen d. Magens z. +d. funktionell. Störungen u. Krankh. d. Darmes, Arch. f. Verdauungsk., vol. 13, +pp. 180, 270, 1907, and Tixier, L., Anémies Exper. Conséc. aux Ulcér. du Pylore, Comp. Rend. Hebd. Soc. de Biol., vol. 62, p. 1041, 1907.</p></div> </div> @@ -2335,17 +2296,17 @@ legs paralyzed; died during the night; weight, 2,267.9 grams.</p> the cardiac end, where there was a hemorrhagic, ulcerated area about 1-1/2 by 1-1/2 inches. The intestines were full of gas, but not hemorrhagic. The uterus contained eight immature fœti. The uterine walls were -hemorrhagic. The kidneys weighed 9-1/2 grams; their medullæ were +hemorrhagic. The kidneys weighed 9-1/2 grams; their medullæ were dark and the straight tubules well defined. The cerebral dural vessels were congested and the spinal dural vessels were well defined. The bladder was found contracted. The blood gave no bands for -methæmoglobin, but showed merely those of oxyhæmoglobin on spectroscopic +methæmoglobin, but showed merely those of oxyhæmoglobin on spectroscopic examination.</p> <p><i>Experiment No. 15.</i>—Control experiments made by feeding water were negative, except when a large quantity (150 c.c.) of water was given to a rabbit weighing 1,020.5 grams. The animal died in 12 -hours with marked pallor of the tissues (hydræmia), a pathological +hours with marked pallor of the tissues (hydræmia), a pathological condition quite different from that obtained by feeding extracts of the loco plants, and no such results were secured with the amount of water used in our feeding experiments, 50 to 70 c.c.</p> @@ -2356,8 +2317,8 @@ water used in our feeding experiments, 50 to 70 c.c.</p> 581.2 grams was injected subcutaneously at 10.35 a.m. with a concentrated aqueous extract of 83 grams of fresh <i>Astragalus mollissimus</i> collected in September, 1905, and preserved with chloroform. The -temperature before injection was 102.1°F. At 1.40 p.m. the animal -was dull; at 3.12 p.m. the temperature registered 99.8°F. The animal +temperature before injection was 102.1°F. At 1.40 p.m. the animal +was dull; at 3.12 p.m. the temperature registered 99.8°F. The animal died during the night. The post-mortem examination was negative. Stomach pale; heart relaxed save left ventricle, which seemed contracted; dural vessels of the brain dilated; kidneys perhaps normal. @@ -2404,49 +2365,49 @@ plants made in the laboratory under the proper conditions.</p> <p><i>Experiment No. 1.</i>—On May 31, 1906, a sheep weighing 32.2 kilos was fed with a concentrated aqueous extract of 1,000 grams of the fresh <i>Astragalus mollissimus</i> preserved in chloroform water. The -temperature at 11 o’clock, the time of feeding, was 103.4°F. At 11.45 +temperature at 11 o’clock, the time of feeding, was 103.4°F. At 11.45 a.m. this dose was repeated. At 12 o’clock the temperature was -104.1°F. At 12.45 the animal urinated. At 1.10 p.m. a similar +104.1°F. At 12.45 the animal urinated. At 1.10 p.m. a similar extract of 2,000 grams was fed. The total liquid used was 1,500 c.c. On June 1 no symptoms were noted. On June 5 an extract of 3,000 grams of fresh <i>Aragallus lamberti</i> and 3,000 grams of <i>Astragalus mollissimus</i> was fed. After feeding this the animal could be easily turned over on its back and its ear pricked with impunity. The animal at this time weighed 30.8 kilos. On June 6, at 11 a.m., -the temperature was 104°F. The sheep had numerous soft stools, +the temperature was 104°F. The sheep had numerous soft stools, and was very dull, and would not eat. On June 7 the temperature -was 103.7°F. and the sheep still refused to eat. On the 8th the temperature -was 103.2°F. at 10.40 a.m., and the stools were still numerous +was 103.7°F. and the sheep still refused to eat. On the 8th the temperature +was 103.2°F. at 10.40 a.m., and the stools were still numerous and soft.</p> <p>There were then fed 640 c.c., representing the aqueous extract of 4,000 grams of the fresh <i>Aragallus lamberti</i>. The animal could be easily turned on its back. It weighed at this time 28.57 kilos. On -June 9, at 10.47 a.m., the temperature was 103.4°F. The sheep +June 9, at 10.47 a.m., the temperature was 103.4°F. The sheep still did not eat, but had no diarrhea. It now weighed 27.9 kilos, -and the temperature was 103°F. at 10.45 a.m.</p> +and the temperature was 103°F. at 10.45 a.m.</p> <p><span class="pagenum"><a id="page45" name="page45">[Pg 45]</a></span>On June 13 the animal began to eat, and 1,700 c.c. of fluid, representing 5,500 grams of the fresh <i>Aragallus lamberti</i>, were fed. The -temperature at 12.30 p.m. was 103°F. On June 14 the temperature -was 103.4°F., the animal weighed 28.3 kilos, and refused food. On +temperature at 12.30 p.m. was 103°F. On June 14 the temperature +was 103.4°F., the animal weighed 28.3 kilos, and refused food. On June 16 the weight was 28.3 kilos; the temperature at 2 p.m. was -103.5°F. There was no diarrhea.</p> +103.5°F. There was no diarrhea.</p> <p>On June 19 the aqueous extract of 1,000 grams of the dried <i>Astragalus mollissimus</i> was fed with 420 c.c. of water. The temperature -was 102.6°F. On June 20 the temperature was 102.9°F. at 10.45 +was 102.6°F. On June 20 the temperature was 102.9°F. at 10.45 a.m.</p> <p>On June 21 500 c.c., representing the aqueous extract of 1,000 grams of the dried <i>Astragalus mollissimus</i>, were again fed. The animal now weighed 26.9 kilos. On June 26 the animal weighed 26 kilos, -and its gait was very uncertain. The temperature was 104.2°F. It +and its gait was very uncertain. The temperature was 104.2°F. It was fed 300 c.c. of fluid, representing the extract of 400 grams of the dried <i>Astragalus mollissimus</i>. On June 29 the animal weighed -26.8 kilos and the temperature was 102.8°F. It was fed the extract +26.8 kilos and the temperature was 102.8°F. It was fed the extract of 1,000 grams of dried <i>Astragalus mollissimus</i> in 500 c.c. of water. -On June 30, at 10.45 a.m., the temperature was 104.2°F. The animal +On June 30, at 10.45 a.m., the temperature was 104.2°F. The animal was very dull and died at night.</p> <p>At autopsy the intestines and stomach merely appeared pale. There @@ -2472,14 +2433,14 @@ hemorrhages in the intestines.</p> <p><i>Experiment No. 3.</i>—July 13, 1906, a sheep weighing 19.5 kilos was fed with 640 c.c. of fluid, representing the extract of 2,000 grams of <i>Aragallus lamberti</i>. The temperature at the time of -feeding, 1.10 p.m., was 105.3°F. At 1.49 p.m. the sheep could be -easily turned on its back. At 2.23 p.m. the temperature was 103.6°F. -At 3.42 p.m. the temperature was 103.5°F. At 4.20 p.m. the +feeding, 1.10 p.m., was 105.3°F. At 1.49 p.m. the sheep could be +easily turned on its back. At 2.23 p.m. the temperature was 103.6°F. +At 3.42 p.m. the temperature was 103.5°F. At 4.20 p.m. the respiration was fairly rapid. On July 14, at 11.15 a.m., the tempera<span class="pagenum"><a id="page46" name="page46">[Pg 46]</a></span>ture -was 103.6°F. The sheep would run about but could easily +was 103.6°F. The sheep would run about but could easily be turned over. It had not eaten, but there was diarrhea present. -July 15, at 3.30 p.m., the temperature was 104°F. The animal -had eaten. On July 17 the temperature was 104°F. and the animal +July 15, at 3.30 p.m., the temperature was 104°F. The animal +had eaten. On July 17 the temperature was 104°F. and the animal weighed 18.8 kilos. On the 27th it weighed 17.2 kilos; on August 29, 20.8 kilos.</p> @@ -2494,10 +2455,10 @@ kilos. There was no autopsy on account of decomposition.</p> <p><i>Experiment No. 5.</i>—A lamb weighing 15.6 kilos was fed on September 4, 1906, with an aqueous extract representing 3,500 grams of the dried <i>Aragallus lamberti</i>, 1,000 c.c. of water being used. The -temperature at the time of feeding was 104.3°F. At 2.48 p.m. the +temperature at the time of feeding was 104.3°F. At 2.48 p.m. the animal on rising to its feet developed a slight tremor of the fore legs and showed marked disinclination to stand on its feet. The temperature -was 104°F. The animal died at 4.25 p.m. The post-mortem +was 104°F. The animal died at 4.25 p.m. The post-mortem was negative, save for some reddening of the second stomach.<a name="FNanchor_157_158" id="FNanchor_157_158"></a><a href="#Footnote_157_158" class="fnanchor">[157]</a></p> <p>These feeding experiments in sheep can not be considered quantitative, @@ -2652,11 +2613,11 @@ various plants.</p></div> in animals with symptoms similar to those occurring in locoed animals which are attributed to eating plants grown on a peculiar soil, as in Oserow, Ueber Krankh. d. Pferde, welche Aehnlichkeit mit der Cerebro-spinal meningitis haben, -aber durch Vergiftungen mit Gräsern von Salzgründen (Salzmooren) verursacht -werden, Journ. f. Allgem. Veterinär-Medicin, St. Petersburg, p. 486, -1906. Abstract in Jahresber. über d. Leistungen auf dem Gebiete d. Veterinär-Medicin, -vol. 26, p. 226, 1906.—Compare also Étude sur Quelques Plantes -Vénéneuses des Regions Calcaires, Bul. Soc. Cent. de Méd. Vét., vol. 48, p. 378. +aber durch Vergiftungen mit Gräsern von Salzgründen (Salzmooren) verursacht +werden, Journ. f. Allgem. Veterinär-Medicin, St. Petersburg, p. 486, +1906. Abstract in Jahresber. über d. Leistungen auf dem Gebiete d. Veterinär-Medicin, +vol. 26, p. 226, 1906.—Compare also Étude sur Quelques Plantes +Vénéneuses des Regions Calcaires, Bul. Soc. Cent. de Méd. Vét., vol. 48, p. 378. 1894.</p></div> <div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_160_161" id="Footnote_160_161"></a><a href="#FNanchor_160_161"><span class="label">[160]</span></a> After completing this work the writer found that Sayre had said that he @@ -2757,13 +2718,13 @@ group being responsible for the injurious action. The fact that the alkaline distillate of the plant proved inactive eliminated the ammonium salts.</p> -<p>Cæsium chlorid c. p., 2 grams, was fed in aqueous solution to a +<p>Cæsium chlorid c. p., 2 grams, was fed in aqueous solution to a rabbit weighing 1,077.2 grams. In six days this animal lost 255 grams in weight, when it died.<a name="FNanchor_170_171" id="FNanchor_170_171"></a><a href="#Footnote_170_171" class="fnanchor">[170]</a></p> <p><span class="pagenum"><a id="page52" name="page52">[Pg 52]</a></span></p> <p>A second rabbit, weighing 1,020.5 grams, was fed with 2 grams of the same solution and lost 368 grams in twenty-one days. The -spectroscopic test, however, failed to show cæsium in the ashed +spectroscopic test, however, failed to show cæsium in the ashed plant. Rubidium chlorid c. p., in 2-gram doses, proved inactive. The platinum chlorid precipitate from the extract of the plant proved inactive.</p> @@ -2859,7 +2820,7 @@ Journ. Amer. Chem. Soc., vol. 30, p. 928, 1908.</p></div> <div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_162_163" id="Footnote_162_163"></a><a href="#FNanchor_162_163"><span class="label">[162]</span></a> A similar extract was sent to the Bureau of Chemistry, and that Bureau also reported an absence of the elements of the H<sub>2</sub>S group.</p></div> -<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_163_164" id="Footnote_163_164"></a><a href="#FNanchor_163_164"><span class="label">[163]</span></a> Bachem, C. Pharmakologisches über einige Edelerden. Arch. Internat. de +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_163_164" id="Footnote_163_164"></a><a href="#FNanchor_163_164"><span class="label">[163]</span></a> Bachem, C. Pharmakologisches über einige Edelerden. Arch. Internat. de Pharmacodyn., vol. 17, p. 363. 1907.</p></div> <div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_164_165" id="Footnote_164_165"></a><a href="#FNanchor_164_165"><span class="label">[164]</span></a> Sestini, F. Esper. di Vegetaz. del Frumento con Sostituz. della Glucina @@ -2871,7 +2832,7 @@ p. 290. 1888. <p><span class="smcap">Note.</span>—The ammonium sulphid precipitate was very small if the phosphates were first removed with tin and nitric acid.</p></div> -<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_165_166" id="Footnote_165_166"></a><a href="#FNanchor_165_166"><span class="label">[165]</span></a> Böhm, C. R. Darstellung d. seltenen Erden, vol. 1, p. 40. 1905.</p></div> +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_165_166" id="Footnote_165_166"></a><a href="#FNanchor_165_166"><span class="label">[165]</span></a> Böhm, C. R. Darstellung d. seltenen Erden, vol. 1, p. 40. 1905.</p></div> <div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_166_167" id="Footnote_166_167"></a><a href="#FNanchor_166_167"><span class="label">[166]</span></a> Wait, C. E. Occurrence of Titanium. Journ. Amer. Chem. Soc., vol. 18, p. 402. 1896. @@ -2881,7 +2842,7 @@ p. 402. 1896. action of titanium.</p></div> <div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_167_168" id="Footnote_167_168"></a><a href="#FNanchor_167_168"><span class="label">[167]</span></a> Compare Jaksch, R. v. Ueber Mangantoxikosen und Manganophobie. -Münch. Med. Woch., p. 969. 1907.</p></div> +Münch. Med. Woch., p. 969. 1907.</p></div> <div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_168_169" id="Footnote_168_169"></a><a href="#FNanchor_168_169"><span class="label">[168]</span></a> Wohlwill, F. Ueber d. Wirkung d. Metalle d. Nickelgruppe. Arch. f. Exper. Path., vol. 56, p. 409. 1907.</p></div> @@ -2889,7 +2850,7 @@ Path., vol. 56, p. 409. 1907.</p></div> <div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_169_170" id="Footnote_169_170"></a><a href="#FNanchor_169_170"><span class="label">[169]</span></a> Laband, L. Zur Verbreitung des Zinkes im Pflanzenreiche. Zeits. f. Untersuch. d. Nahrungs u. Genussmittel, vol. 4, p. 489. 1901.</p></div> -<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_170_171" id="Footnote_170_171"></a><a href="#FNanchor_170_171"><span class="label">[170]</span></a> Cæsium occurs in various plants and the possibility of poisoning by this +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_170_171" id="Footnote_170_171"></a><a href="#FNanchor_170_171"><span class="label">[170]</span></a> Cæsium occurs in various plants and the possibility of poisoning by this element must be considered. It is hoped that the writer may be able to undertake a more thorough pharmacological study of this element.</p></div> @@ -2918,18 +2879,18 @@ der Chem. u. Pharm., n. s., vol. 23, p. 294. 1856.</p></div> <div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_177_178" id="Footnote_177_178"></a><a href="#FNanchor_177_178"><span class="label">[177]</span></a> Forchhammer, J. G. Ueber den Einfluss des Kochsalzes auf die Bildung der Mineralien. Annal. d. Physik u. Chemie, vol. 5, p. 91. 1905.—Lutterkorth, -H. Kohlensäurer Baryt, ein Bestandtheil des Sandsteines in der Gegend von -Göttingen. Annal. d. Chem. u. Pharm., n. s., vol. 23, p. 296. 1856.</p></div> +H. Kohlensäurer Baryt, ein Bestandtheil des Sandsteines in der Gegend von +Göttingen. Annal. d. Chem. u. Pharm., n. s., vol. 23, p. 296. 1856.</p></div> -<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_178_179" id="Footnote_178_179"></a><a href="#FNanchor_178_179"><span class="label">[178]</span></a> Dworzak, H. Baryt unter den Aschenbestandtheilen des. Ægyptischen +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_178_179" id="Footnote_178_179"></a><a href="#FNanchor_178_179"><span class="label">[178]</span></a> Dworzak, H. Baryt unter den Aschenbestandtheilen des. Ægyptischen Weizen. Landw. Versuchs.-Stat., vol. 17, p. 398. 1874.</p></div> <div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_179_180" id="Footnote_179_180"></a><a href="#FNanchor_179_180"><span class="label">[179]</span></a> Knop, W. Analysen von Nilabsatz. Landw. Versuchs.-Stat., vol. 17, p. 65. 1874.—Compare also Demoussy, E., Absorption par les Plantes de Quelques -Sels Solubles, Thése, Paris, 1899.—Knop, W., Einige neue Resultate der Untersuchung -über die Ernährung der Pflanze, Ber. ü. Verhandl. d. königl. sächs. Gesells. +Sels Solubles, Thése, Paris, 1899.—Knop, W., Einige neue Resultate der Untersuchung +über die Ernährung der Pflanze, Ber. ü. Verhandl. d. königl. sächs. Gesells. d. Wissens. zu Leipzig, Math. Phys. Cl., vol. 29, p. 113, 1877.—Suzuki, U., -Can Strontium and Barium Replace Calcium in Phænogams? Bul. Coll. Agric. +Can Strontium and Barium Replace Calcium in Phænogams? Bul. Coll. Agric. Tokio Imp. Univ., vol. 4, p. 69, 1900-1902.</p></div> <div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_180_181" id="Footnote_180_181"></a><a href="#FNanchor_180_181"><span class="label">[180]</span></a> Hornberger, R. Ueber d. Vorkommen d. Baryums in d. Pflanze und im @@ -2946,8 +2907,8 @@ Chemistry, a different one from that which later controlled the writer’s t quantitatively and qualitatively. In other words, the conclusions of the writer as to the presence of barium were controlled by three separate individuals.</p></div> -<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_184_185" id="Footnote_184_185"></a><a href="#FNanchor_184_185"><span class="label">[184]</span></a> Kobert, R. Kann ein in einem Pflanzenpulver gefundener abnorm höher -Barytgehalt erklärt werden durch direkte Aufnahme von Baryumsalze durch +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_184_185" id="Footnote_184_185"></a><a href="#FNanchor_184_185"><span class="label">[184]</span></a> Kobert, R. Kann ein in einem Pflanzenpulver gefundener abnorm höher +Barytgehalt erklärt werden durch direkte Aufnahme von Baryumsalze durch die lebende Pflanze aus dem Boden? Chem. Zeit., vol. 10, p. 491. 1899. </p> @@ -3161,23 +3122,23 @@ doses, 0.2 gram, there was no diarrhea.</p> <p>On September 23, 1907, a rabbit weighing 1,757 grams was fed at 10.42 a.m. with 0.1 gram of the same barium acetate. The temperature -at the time of feeding was 102.9°F. At 12.05 a.m. the animal -urinated. Temperature, 101.4°F. On September 24 the animal -weighed the same. Temperature at 10.55 a.m., 102.3°F. The same +at the time of feeding was 102.9°F. At 12.05 a.m. the animal +urinated. Temperature, 101.4°F. On September 24 the animal +weighed the same. Temperature at 10.55 a.m., 102.3°F. The same amount of barium was fed. At 3.40 p.m. the temperature was -102.5°F. On September 25 the animal weighed 1,800 grams. Temperature, -102.2°F. at 10.39 a.m. The dose of barium was repeated. -At 3.55 p.m. the temperature was 101.4°F. On September 26 at -9.38 a.m. the temperature was 101.1°F., and again the barium was -given. At 3.57 p.m. the temperature was 101.5°F. On September +102.5°F. On September 25 the animal weighed 1,800 grams. Temperature, +102.2°F. at 10.39 a.m. The dose of barium was repeated. +At 3.55 p.m. the temperature was 101.4°F. On September 26 at +9.38 a.m. the temperature was 101.1°F., and again the barium was +given. At 3.57 p.m. the temperature was 101.5°F. On September <span class="pagenum"><a id="page59" name="page59">[Pg 59]</a></span>27 the rabbit weighed 1,772 grams. The temperature at 9.53 a.m. -was 102.3°F. The barium was fed for the fifth time. At 10.27 a.m. +was 102.3°F. The barium was fed for the fifth time. At 10.27 a.m. there were general convulsions. The eyes teared. At 10.32 a.m. soft stools appeared and the animal urinated. Stools were passed at various periods. At 11.30 a.m. there were no signs of pain on pinching the ear. At 11.58 a.m. the animal retched. The animal was lying with the fore legs wide apart and could not support itself. -At 12.05 p.m. the temperature was 98°F. and the rabbit died +At 12.05 p.m. the temperature was 98°F. and the rabbit died shortly after.</p> <p>The peritoneal cavity seemed normal. The small intestines were @@ -3328,32 +3289,32 @@ de Biol., vol. 4, p. 957. 1892. </p> <p>Literature on the pharmacology of barium not otherwise referred to is -as follows: Boehm, R. Ueber d. Wirkungen d. Barytsalze auf d. Thierkörper. +as follows: Boehm, R. Ueber d. Wirkungen d. Barytsalze auf d. Thierkörper. Arch. f. Exp. Path., vol. 3, p. 217. 1875.—Sommer, F. Beitr. z. Kennt. d. -Baryum-Vergiftung. Dissert., Würzburg, 1890.—Neumann, J. Ueber den -Verbleib der in den thierischen Organismus eingeführten Bariumsalzen. +Baryum-Vergiftung. Dissert., Würzburg, 1890.—Neumann, J. Ueber den +Verbleib der in den thierischen Organismus eingeführten Bariumsalzen. Archiv. f. Gesam. Physiol., vol. 36, p. 576. 1885.—Hefftner, A. Ausscheidung -körperfremder Substanzen im Harn, Ergeb. d. Physiol., pt. 1, p. 121. 1903.— -Binet, P. Recherches Compar. sur l’Action Physiol. des Métaux, Alcalins et -Alcalino-terreux. Rev. Méd. de la Suisse Romande, vol. 12, pp. 535, 607. -1892.—Cyon, M. Ueber d. toxisch. Wirkung. d. Baryt- u. Oxalsäureverbindungen. +körperfremder Substanzen im Harn, Ergeb. d. Physiol., pt. 1, p. 121. 1903.— +Binet, P. Recherches Compar. sur l’Action Physiol. des Métaux, Alcalins et +Alcalino-terreux. Rev. Méd. de la Suisse Romande, vol. 12, pp. 535, 607. +1892.—Cyon, M. Ueber d. toxisch. Wirkung. d. Baryt- u. Oxalsäureverbindungen. Archiv. f. Anat., Physiol. u. Wissens. Med., 1866, p. 196.—Mickwitz, L. -Vergleich. Untersuch. ü. d. Physiol. Wirkung d. Salze d. Alcalien u. Alcal. -Erden. Dissert., Dorpat, 1874.—Heilborn, F. Ueber Veränderungen im Darme -nach Vergift. mit Arsen, Chlorbarium und Phosphor. Dissert., Würzburg, -1891.—Reincke, J. J. Ein Fall mehrfacher Vergiftung durch kohlensäuren -Baryt. Viertelj. f. gerichtl. Med., n. s., vol. 28, p. 248. 1878.—Orfila, Mémoire -sur l’Empoisonnement par les Alcalis Fixes. Journ. de Chimie Méd., 2 s., vol. +Vergleich. Untersuch. ü. d. Physiol. Wirkung d. Salze d. Alcalien u. Alcal. +Erden. Dissert., Dorpat, 1874.—Heilborn, F. Ueber Veränderungen im Darme +nach Vergift. mit Arsen, Chlorbarium und Phosphor. Dissert., Würzburg, +1891.—Reincke, J. J. Ein Fall mehrfacher Vergiftung durch kohlensäuren +Baryt. Viertelj. f. gerichtl. Med., n. s., vol. 28, p. 248. 1878.—Orfila, Mémoire +sur l’Empoisonnement par les Alcalis Fixes. Journ. de Chimie Méd., 2 s., vol. 8. p. 200. 1842.—Santi, L. Se nel Veneficio per Sali di Bario questo Metallo passa alla Urina? Gazz. Chem. Ital., vol. 33, pt. 2, p. 202. 1903.—Weber, F. R. Barium Chloride. Milwaukee Med. Journ., vol. 12, pp. 39, 60. 1904.—Rabuteau. -De l’Innocuité des Sels de Strontium Comparée à l’Activité du -Chlorure de Baryum. Gaz. Méd. de Paris, 3 s., vol. 24, p. 218. 1869.—The very +De l’Innocuité des Sels de Strontium Comparée à l’Activité du +Chlorure de Baryum. Gaz. Méd. de Paris, 3 s., vol. 24, p. 218. 1869.—The very early literature is considered in detail by Bary.</p></div> <div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_193_194" id="Footnote_193_194"></a><a href="#FNanchor_193_194"><span class="label">[193]</span></a> Bary, A. Beitr. z. Baryumwirkung. Dissert., Dorpat, 1888, p. 100.</p></div> -<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_194_195" id="Footnote_194_195"></a><a href="#FNanchor_194_195"><span class="label">[194]</span></a> Onsum, J. Ueber d. toxisch. Wirkung. der Baryt und Oxalsäureverbindungen. +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_194_195" id="Footnote_194_195"></a><a href="#FNanchor_194_195"><span class="label">[194]</span></a> Onsum, J. Ueber d. toxisch. Wirkung. der Baryt und Oxalsäureverbindungen. Arch. f. Path. Anat., vol. 28, p. 234. 1863.</p></div> <div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_195_196" id="Footnote_195_196"></a><a href="#FNanchor_195_196"><span class="label">[195]</span></a> Brodie, B. C. Further Experiments and Observations on the Action of @@ -3375,8 +3336,8 @@ der Leber. Scholten, 1896, p. 11.</p></div> p. 119. 1797.</p></div> <div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_201_202" id="Footnote_201_202"></a><a href="#FNanchor_201_202"><span class="label">[201]</span></a> Christison, R. Treatise on Poisons. Edinburgh, 1845, p. 579.—Crampe. -Bewährte Mittel gegen Feldmäuse. Deutsch. Landw. Presse, vol. 5, p. 530. -1878.—Felletar, E. Fälle von Intox. mit kohlensäur. Baryum. Pest. Med.-Chir. +Bewährte Mittel gegen Feldmäuse. Deutsch. Landw. Presse, vol. 5, p. 530. +1878.—Felletar, E. Fälle von Intox. mit kohlensäur. Baryum. Pest. Med.-Chir. Presse, vol. 28, p. 1072. 1892.</p></div> <div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_202_203" id="Footnote_202_203"></a><a href="#FNanchor_202_203"><span class="label">[202]</span></a> Husemann, T. Ein Beitrag z. Kennt. d. Barytvergiftungen. Zeits. f. pract. @@ -3460,7 +3421,7 @@ This may be due to the fact that the salts are more completely ionized.</p> <div class="footnotes"><p class="title">FOOTNOTES:</p> -<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_204_205" id="Footnote_204_205"></a><a href="#FNanchor_204_205"><span class="label">[204]</span></a> According to v. Jaksch, “Sie ist bei der grossen Toxicität der Substanz immer +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_204_205" id="Footnote_204_205"></a><a href="#FNanchor_204_205"><span class="label">[204]</span></a> According to v. Jaksch, “Sie ist bei der grossen Toxicität der Substanz immer ernst zu stellen.” Vergiftungen, 1897, p. 79. </p> @@ -3471,7 +3432,7 @@ and it is hoped that the writer will be able to complete this work.</p></div> Bario. La Sperimentale, vol. 60, p. 610. 1906; Sull’ Azione Cardiaca del Chloruro di Bario. Archivio di Farmacol. Speriment., vol. 5, p. 122. 1906.</p></div> -<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_206_207" id="Footnote_206_207"></a><a href="#FNanchor_206_207"><span class="label">[206]</span></a> Schulz, H. Vorles. ü. Wirkung. u. Anwendung d. unorganisch. Arzneistoffe. +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_206_207" id="Footnote_206_207"></a><a href="#FNanchor_206_207"><span class="label">[206]</span></a> Schulz, H. Vorles. ü. Wirkung. u. Anwendung d. unorganisch. Arzneistoffe. Leipzig, 1907, p. 234.—Hare, H. A. Use of Barium Chloride in Heart Disease. Med. News, vol. 54, p. 183. 1889.</p></div> @@ -3487,8 +3448,8 @@ vol. 59, p. 93. 1891.</p></div> <div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_211_212" id="Footnote_211_212"></a><a href="#FNanchor_211_212"><span class="label">[211]</span></a> Christison, R., l. c., 1845, p. 578.</p></div> -<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_212_213" id="Footnote_212_213"></a><a href="#FNanchor_212_213"><span class="label">[212]</span></a> Schulz, H. Vorles. ü. Wirkung. u. Anwendung d. unorganisch. Arzneistoffe. -Leipzig, 1907, p. 233.—Schwilgué, C. J. A. Traité de Mat. Méd., 3 ed., vol. 1, +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_212_213" id="Footnote_212_213"></a><a href="#FNanchor_212_213"><span class="label">[212]</span></a> Schulz, H. Vorles. ü. Wirkung. u. Anwendung d. unorganisch. Arzneistoffe. +Leipzig, 1907, p. 233.—Schwilgué, C. J. A. Traité de Mat. Méd., 3 ed., vol. 1, p. 441. 1818. </p> @@ -3500,22 +3461,22 @@ verify this reference.</p></div> <div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_213_214" id="Footnote_213_214"></a><a href="#FNanchor_213_214"><span class="label">[213]</span></a> Scheibler, C. Ueber d. Verwendung giftiger Stoffe, besonders d. Barytverbindungen bei d. Zuckerfabrication. Chem. Zeit., vol. 11, p. 1463. 1887.</p></div> -<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_214_215" id="Footnote_214_215"></a><a href="#FNanchor_214_215"><span class="label">[214]</span></a> Schmidt’s Jahrbücher, vol. 192, p. 131. 1881.—Walsh, J. Report of a Case of +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_214_215" id="Footnote_214_215"></a><a href="#FNanchor_214_215"><span class="label">[214]</span></a> Schmidt’s Jahrbücher, vol. 192, p. 131. 1881.—Walsh, J. Report of a Case of Poisoning by Chloride of Barium. Lancet, vol. 1, p. 211. 1859.—Walch. Seltener -Fall einer tödlich. Vergiftung d. Baryta muriatica. Zeits. f. Staatsarznk., +Fall einer tödlich. Vergiftung d. Baryta muriatica. Zeits. f. Staatsarznk., vol. 30, p. 1. 1835.—Carpenter, J. S. Barium Chloride from a Clinical -Standpoint. Med. News, vol. 59, p. 93. 1891.—Eschricht. Dødeligt forløbende +Standpoint. Med. News, vol. 59, p. 93. 1891.—Eschricht. Dødeligt forløbende Forgiftning med salpetersurt Baryt. Ugeskrift for Laeger, vol. 4, p. 241. 1881.—Ogler and Socquet. Empoisonnement par le Chlorure de Baryum. Annal. d’Hyg. Publ., 3 s., vol. 25, p. 447. 1891.—Chevallier, A. Note sur un Cas -d’Empoisonnement Déterminé par l’Acétate de Baryte. Annal. d’Hyg. Publ., 2 s., +d’Empoisonnement Déterminé par l’Acétate de Baryte. Annal. d’Hyg. Publ., 2 s., vol. 39, p. 395. 1873.—Courtin, Cas d’Empoisonnement par du Chlorure de Baryum. Rev. d’Hyg., vol. 4, p. 653. 1882.—Poisoning by a Baryta Compound. Pharm. Journ., 3 s., vol. 2, p. 1021. 1872.—Reichardt, E. Vergiftungsfall mit -kohlensäurem Baryt. Arch. d. Pharm., 3 s., vol. 4, p. 426. 1874.—Lagarde, P. -Acétate de Baryte livré sous le Nom de Sulfovinate de Soude. Union Méd., -3 s., vol. 14, p. 537. 1872.—Baum. Zwei Fälle von fahrlässiger Tödtung durch -saltpetersäures Baryt. Zeits. f. Medizinalbeamte, vol. 9, p. 759. 1896.—Funaro, +kohlensäurem Baryt. Arch. d. Pharm., 3 s., vol. 4, p. 426. 1874.—Lagarde, P. +Acétate de Baryte livré sous le Nom de Sulfovinate de Soude. Union Méd., +3 s., vol. 14, p. 537. 1872.—Baum. Zwei Fälle von fahrlässiger Tödtung durch +saltpetersäures Baryt. Zeits. f. Medizinalbeamte, vol. 9, p. 759. 1896.—Funaro, A. Sul Veneficio per Sali di Bario. L’Orosi, vol. 12, p. 397. 1894.</p></div> <div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_215_216" id="Footnote_215_216"></a><a href="#FNanchor_215_216"><span class="label">[215]</span></a> Tiraboschi, A., and Taito, F. Avvelenamento da Bario. Il Risveglio Medico @@ -3537,10 +3498,10 @@ by loco weeds in well-fed and well-watered animals. Compare Stalker, M., The “Loco” Plant and Its Effect on Animals. Bur. Animal Industry, 3d Ann. Report (1886), p. 271. 1887.</p></div> -<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_218_219" id="Footnote_218_219"></a><a href="#FNanchor_218_219"><span class="label">[218]</span></a> Lisfranc. Leçon sur l’Emploi du Muriate de Baryte contre les Tumeurs -Blanches. Gaz. Méd. de Paris, 2 s., vol. 4, p. 215. 1836.</p></div> +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_218_219" id="Footnote_218_219"></a><a href="#FNanchor_218_219"><span class="label">[218]</span></a> Lisfranc. Leçon sur l’Emploi du Muriate de Baryte contre les Tumeurs +Blanches. Gaz. Méd. de Paris, 2 s., vol. 4, p. 215. 1836.</p></div> -<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_219_220" id="Footnote_219_220"></a><a href="#FNanchor_219_220"><span class="label">[219]</span></a> Pauli, W., and Fröhlich, A. Pharmakodynam. Studien. Sitz. Kaiserl. Acad. +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_219_220" id="Footnote_219_220"></a><a href="#FNanchor_219_220"><span class="label">[219]</span></a> Pauli, W., and Fröhlich, A. Pharmakodynam. Studien. Sitz. Kaiserl. Acad. d. Wissens. z. Wien, vol. 115, III, pt. 6, p. 445. 1906.</p></div> </div> @@ -3573,7 +3534,7 @@ animals for food.</p> <div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_220_221" id="Footnote_220_221"></a><a href="#FNanchor_220_221"><span class="label">[220]</span></a> Schedel, H. Beitr. z. Kennt. d. Wirkung des Chlorbariums. 1903, p. 13.</p></div> <div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_221_222" id="Footnote_221_222"></a><a href="#FNanchor_221_222"><span class="label">[221]</span></a> After subcutaneous injection of barium chlorid, Lewin, by means of the spectroscope, -has found barium in the stomach walls. Lewin, L. Schicksal körperfremder +has found barium in the stomach walls. Lewin, L. Schicksal körperfremder chem. Stoffe im Menschen u. besonders ihre Ausscheidung. Deutsch. Med. Woch., vol. 32, p. 173. 1906.</p></div> @@ -3585,10 +3546,10 @@ Med. Woch., vol. 32, p. 173. 1906.</p></div> <div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_224_225" id="Footnote_224_225"></a><a href="#FNanchor_224_225"><span class="label">[224]</span></a> Reynolds, M. H. A Study of Certain Cathartics. Minn. Agric. Exper. Sta., 15th Ann. Rept. 1907.</p></div> -<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_225_226" id="Footnote_225_226"></a><a href="#FNanchor_225_226"><span class="label">[225]</span></a> Fuchs, C. J. Vergiftungsfälle durch salzsäuren Baryt beim Rindvieh. Thierärztl. +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_225_226" id="Footnote_225_226"></a><a href="#FNanchor_225_226"><span class="label">[225]</span></a> Fuchs, C. J. Vergiftungsfälle durch salzsäuren Baryt beim Rindvieh. Thierärztl. Mittheil., vol. 5, p. 159. 1870. Fuchs suggests that further investigations on this point are desirable. The literature of this class of experiments is very -scanty. See Fröhner and Knudsen, Einige Versuche über d. Geniessbarkeit d. +scanty. See Fröhner and Knudsen, Einige Versuche über d. Geniessbarkeit d. Fleisches vergift. Thiere. Monats. f. Prakt. Thierheilk., vol. 1, p. 529. 1890.</p></div> </div> @@ -3642,7 +3603,7 @@ contained barium.</p> <p>Of this same dried loco 200 grams were then extracted with water and digested with pepsin and finally with pancreatin in the thermostat -(37.5°C.). The extract was concentrated and fed to a rabbit +(37.5°C.). The extract was concentrated and fed to a rabbit weighing 1,616 grams. After five hours and ten minutes the animal<span class="pagenum"><a id="page67" name="page67">[Pg 67]</a></span> appeared weak in the fore legs and unable to support himself, and he died during the night. The intestines the following morning were @@ -3897,7 +3858,7 @@ claimed to exist between barium and potassium.<a name="FNanchor_231_232" id="FNa of ashed plants, treated with acetic acid, which contained calcium and potassium, caused death in the experiments of the writer, but no work has yet been done by him as to the antidotal action of -calcium carbonate on barium. Then, too, as Lüdeking<a name="FNanchor_232_233" id="FNanchor_232_233"></a><a href="#Footnote_232_233" class="fnanchor">[232]</a> pointed out, +calcium carbonate on barium. Then, too, as Lüdeking<a name="FNanchor_232_233" id="FNanchor_232_233"></a><a href="#Footnote_232_233" class="fnanchor">[232]</a> pointed out, large quantities of calcium chlorid may interfere with the precipitation of barium as a sulphate. It is well known that the presence of various salts influences the solubility of barium sulphate in water,<a name="FNanchor_233_234" id="FNanchor_233_234"></a><a href="#Footnote_233_234" class="fnanchor">[233]</a> @@ -3931,7 +3892,7 @@ Other Mixtures of Pigments and Oils. Bul. of Bussey Institute, vol. 2, p. 274. Connection between Chemical Constitution, Physiological Action, and Antagonism. Philos. Trans. Royal Soc. London, I, vol. 175, p. 229. 1884.</p></div> -<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_232_233" id="Footnote_232_233"></a><a href="#FNanchor_232_233"><span class="label">[232]</span></a> Lüdeking, C. Analyse d. Barytgruppe. Zeits. f. Anal. Chem., vol. 29, +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_232_233" id="Footnote_232_233"></a><a href="#FNanchor_232_233"><span class="label">[232]</span></a> Lüdeking, C. Analyse d. Barytgruppe. Zeits. f. Anal. Chem., vol. 29, p. 556. 1890.</p></div> <div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_233_234" id="Footnote_233_234"></a><a href="#FNanchor_233_234"><span class="label">[233]</span></a> Fraps, G. S. Solubility of Barium Sulphate in Ferric Chloride, Aluminum @@ -3954,9 +3915,9 @@ into veterinary therapeutics by Dieckerhoff<a name="FNanchor_237_238" id="FNanch catharsis in the horse are almost toxic," and he advises against the intravenous use of this remedy.</p> -<p>Fröhner<a name="FNanchor_239_240" id="FNanchor_239_240"></a><a href="#Footnote_239_240" class="fnanchor">[239]</a> has carefully summarized the literature on the use of +<p>Fröhner<a name="FNanchor_239_240" id="FNanchor_239_240"></a><a href="#Footnote_239_240" class="fnanchor">[239]</a> has carefully summarized the literature on the use of barium chlorid in veterinary work, and reports that its use in the -Zürich clinic has recently been so unsatisfactory that it is now seldom +Zürich clinic has recently been so unsatisfactory that it is now seldom employed and that in the last ten years the preponderance of reports in the literature are unfavorable to the use of this agent in colic.</p> @@ -3979,7 +3940,7 @@ given rise to acute poisoning in stock.<a name="FNanchor_241_242" id="FNanchor_2 <p>In a case reported by Stietenroth<a name="FNanchor_242_243" id="FNanchor_242_243"></a><a href="#Footnote_242_243" class="fnanchor">[242]</a> the horse died after the injection of 0.5 gram of barium chlorid into the jugular vein. A number of sudden deaths in horses after the intravenous injection of 0.7 gram -and over of barium chlorid have been collected by Fröhner.<a name="FNanchor_243_244" id="FNanchor_243_244"></a><a href="#Footnote_243_244" class="fnanchor">[243]</a> The +and over of barium chlorid have been collected by Fröhner.<a name="FNanchor_243_244" id="FNanchor_243_244"></a><a href="#Footnote_243_244" class="fnanchor">[243]</a> The lethal dose by mouth for acute poisoning with barium chlorid in horses lies between 8 to 12 grams, while cattle require much larger doses (40 grams)<a name="FNanchor_244_245" id="FNanchor_244_245"></a><a href="#Footnote_244_245" class="fnanchor">[244]</a> to induce death.</p> @@ -4009,16 +3970,16 @@ in the kidneys, brain, and medulla, but especially in the bones.<a name="FNancho <div class="footnotes"><p class="title">FOOTNOTES:</p> <div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_237_238" id="Footnote_237_238"></a><a href="#FNanchor_237_238"><span class="label">[237]</span></a> Dieckerhoff. Ueber d. Wirkung d. Chlorbaryum bei Pferden, Rindern und -Schafen. Berliner Thierärztl. Woch., p. 265; see also pp. 313 and 337, 1895; +Schafen. Berliner Thierärztl. Woch., p. 265; see also pp. 313 and 337, 1895; Abstract In Vet. Mag., vol. 2, p. 360. 1895.</p></div> <div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_238_239" id="Footnote_238_239"></a><a href="#FNanchor_238_239"><span class="label">[238]</span></a> Winslow, K. Vet. Materia Medica and Therapeutics, p. 152. 1901.</p></div> -<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_239_240" id="Footnote_239_240"></a><a href="#FNanchor_239_240"><span class="label">[239]</span></a> Fröhner, E. Lehrb. d. Arzneimittellehre, p. 399. 1906. Fröhner gives a +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_239_240" id="Footnote_239_240"></a><a href="#FNanchor_239_240"><span class="label">[239]</span></a> Fröhner, E. Lehrb. d. Arzneimittellehre, p. 399. 1906. Fröhner gives a detailed account of these cases. </p> -<p>Original note in Ehrhardt, J. Erfahrungen ü. ältere u. neue Arzneimittel. +<p>Original note in Ehrhardt, J. Erfahrungen ü. ältere u. neue Arzneimittel. Schweizer Archiv. f. Thierheilk., vol. 41, p. 44. 1899.</p></div> <div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_240_241" id="Footnote_240_241"></a><a href="#FNanchor_240_241"><span class="label">[240]</span></a> Pelletier. Observations on Strontian. Journ. Nat. Philos., vol. 1, p. 529. @@ -4027,39 +3988,39 @@ Schweizer Archiv. f. Thierheilk., vol. 41, p. 44. 1899.</p></div> <div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_241_242" id="Footnote_241_242"></a><a href="#FNanchor_241_242"><span class="label">[241]</span></a> Howard, C. D. Occurrence of Barium in the Ohio Valley Brines and Its Relation to Stock Poisoning. W. Va. Univ. Agric. Exper. Sta. Bul. 103. 1906.</p></div> -<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_242_243" id="Footnote_242_243"></a><a href="#FNanchor_242_243"><span class="label">[242]</span></a> Stietenroth. Ueber Chlorbarium bei der Kolik der Pferde. Berliner Thierärztl. +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_242_243" id="Footnote_242_243"></a><a href="#FNanchor_242_243"><span class="label">[242]</span></a> Stietenroth. Ueber Chlorbarium bei der Kolik der Pferde. Berliner Thierärztl. Woch., p. 16. 1899.</p></div> -<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_243_244" id="Footnote_243_244"></a><a href="#FNanchor_243_244"><span class="label">[243]</span></a> Fröhner, E. Lehrb. d. Toxikol., 2 ed., p. 116. 1901.</p></div> +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_243_244" id="Footnote_243_244"></a><a href="#FNanchor_243_244"><span class="label">[243]</span></a> Fröhner, E. Lehrb. d. Toxikol., 2 ed., p. 116. 1901.</p></div> -<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_244_245" id="Footnote_244_245"></a><a href="#FNanchor_244_245"><span class="label">[244]</span></a> Fröhner, E., l. c., p. 116. +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_244_245" id="Footnote_244_245"></a><a href="#FNanchor_244_245"><span class="label">[244]</span></a> Fröhner, E., l. c., p. 116. </p> <p>See similar reports in Veterinarian, vol. 68, p. 572, 1895, and vol. 69, p. 228, -1896; Zeits. f. Veterinärk., vol. 8, pp. 99 and 211, 1896; Nagler, F., Berliner -Thierärztl. Woch., p. 65. 1896.</p></div> +1896; Zeits. f. Veterinärk., vol. 8, pp. 99 and 211, 1896; Nagler, F., Berliner +Thierärztl. Woch., p. 65. 1896.</p></div> <div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_245_246" id="Footnote_245_246"></a><a href="#FNanchor_245_246"><span class="label">[245]</span></a> Dieckerhoff, W. Vet. Mag., vol. 2, p. 362. 1895.</p></div> <div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_246_247" id="Footnote_246_247"></a><a href="#FNanchor_246_247"><span class="label">[246]</span></a> Kabitz, H. Ueber d. Wirkung einiger Baryumsalze beim Schwein. -Deutsch. Thierärztl. Woch., vol. 13, p. 317. 1905.</p></div> +Deutsch. Thierärztl. Woch., vol. 13, p. 317. 1905.</p></div> <div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_247_248" id="Footnote_247_248"></a><a href="#FNanchor_247_248"><span class="label">[247]</span></a> Parkes. Chem. Essays, vol. 2, p. 213. Quoted by Christison, R., in Treatise -on Poisons, Edinburgh, 4 ed., p. 581, 1845.—Fuchs, C. J. Vergiftungsfälle durch -salzsäuren Baryt beim Rindvieh. Thierärztl. Mittheil., vol. 5, pp. 133, 154. +on Poisons, Edinburgh, 4 ed., p. 581, 1845.—Fuchs, C. J. Vergiftungsfälle durch +salzsäuren Baryt beim Rindvieh. Thierärztl. Mittheil., vol. 5, pp. 133, 154. 1870.</p></div> -<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_248_249" id="Footnote_248_249"></a><a href="#FNanchor_248_249"><span class="label">[248]</span></a> Falk. Zur Vergift. von Hunden mit Chlorbarium. Berliner Thierärztl. +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_248_249" id="Footnote_248_249"></a><a href="#FNanchor_248_249"><span class="label">[248]</span></a> Falk. Zur Vergift. von Hunden mit Chlorbarium. Berliner Thierärztl. Woch., p. 40. 1897.—Schirmer, Chlorbariumvergift. beim Hunde. Berliner -Thierärztl. Woch., vol. 23, p. 268. 1897.</p></div> +Thierärztl. Woch., vol. 23, p. 268. 1897.</p></div> -<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_249_250" id="Footnote_249_250"></a><a href="#FNanchor_249_250"><span class="label">[249]</span></a> Linossier, G. De la Localisation du Baryum dans l’Organisme à la Suite de +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_249_250" id="Footnote_249_250"></a><a href="#FNanchor_249_250"><span class="label">[249]</span></a> Linossier, G. De la Localisation du Baryum dans l’Organisme à la Suite de l’Intoxication Chronique par un Sel de Baryum. Comp. Rend. Hebd. Soc. de Biol., 8 s., vol. 4, p. 123. 1887. </p> <p><span class="smcap">Note.</span>—Other cases of poisoning in animals may be found in Marder, Beitrag -z. Giftwirkung des Baryum chloratum. Berliner Thierärtzl. Woch., vol. 37, p. -436. 1897; Absichtliche Vergift. mit Chlorbarium. Zeits. f. Veterinärk., vol. +z. Giftwirkung des Baryum chloratum. Berliner Thierärtzl. Woch., vol. 37, p. +436. 1897; Absichtliche Vergift. mit Chlorbarium. Zeits. f. Veterinärk., vol. 9. p. 72. 1897.</p></div></div> <hr style="width: 65%;" /> @@ -4167,7 +4128,7 @@ such as lathyrism, with a view to determine the inorganic constituents of lathyrus and other families of plants.</p> <div class="footnotes"><p class="title">FOOTNOTES:</p> -<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_251_252" id="Footnote_251_252"></a><a href="#FNanchor_251_252"><span class="label">[251]</span></a> Résumé of the results of the loco-weed investigations carried on by the +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_251_252" id="Footnote_251_252"></a><a href="#FNanchor_251_252"><span class="label">[251]</span></a> Résumé of the results of the loco-weed investigations carried on by the Bureau of Plant Industry was issued as Bulletin 121, part 3, Bureau of Plant Industry, on January 28, 1908, in the form of papers by C. Dwight Marsh and Albert C. Crawford, respectively, under the titles “Results of Loco-Weed Investigations @@ -4238,7 +4199,7 @@ in the Field” and “Laboratory Work on Loco-Weed Investigations.̶ <li>Ammonium sulphid precipitate, effect on rabbits,<a href="#page50"> 50</a></li> -<li>Anæmia, progressing, fundamental characteristic of loco disease,<a href="#page16"> 16</a>,<a href="#page19"> 19</a></li> +<li>Anæmia, progressing, fundamental characteristic of loco disease,<a href="#page16"> 16</a>,<a href="#page19"> 19</a></li> <li>Analyses of loco plants,<a href="#page21"> 21</a>,<a href="#page22"> 22</a>,<a href="#page23"> 23</a>,<a href="#page32"> 32</a></li> @@ -4398,7 +4359,7 @@ in the Field” and “Laboratory Work on Loco-Weed Investigations.̶ <li>Boehm, R., reference to work,<a href="#page58"> 58</a></li> -<li>Böhm, C. R., reference to work,<a href="#page50"> 50</a></li> +<li>Böhm, C. R., reference to work,<a href="#page50"> 50</a></li> <li>Bray, W. C., reference to work,<a href="#page53"> 53</a></li> @@ -4415,7 +4376,7 @@ in the Field” and “Laboratory Work on Loco-Weed Investigations.̶ <div class="index"><ul class="none"> <li><a id="IX_C"></a></li> -<li>Cæsium chlorid, experiments on rabbits,<a href="#page51"> 51</a> +<li>Cæsium chlorid, experiments on rabbits,<a href="#page51"> 51</a> <ul class="IX"> <li>occurrence in plants, toxicity,<a href="#page51"> 51</a></li> </ul></li> @@ -4610,9 +4571,9 @@ in the Field” and “Laboratory Work on Loco-Weed Investigations.̶ <ul class="IX"> <li>poisoning,<a href="#page17"> 17</a>,<a href="#page24"> 24</a></li> </ul></li> -<li>Fröhlich, A., reference to work,<a href="#page65"> 65</a></li> +<li>Fröhlich, A., reference to work,<a href="#page65"> 65</a></li> -<li>Fröhner, E., reference to work,<a href="#page73"> 73</a></li> +<li>Fröhner, E., reference to work,<a href="#page73"> 73</a></li> <li>Fuchs, C. J., references to work,<a href="#page65"> 65</a>,<a href="#page74"> 74</a></li> @@ -4855,7 +4816,7 @@ in the Field” and “Laboratory Work on Loco-Weed Investigations.̶ <li>Lotus americanus, supposed cause of loco disease,<a href="#page10"> 10</a></li> -<li>Lüdeking, C., reference to work,<a href="#page72"> 72</a></li> +<li>Lüdeking, C., reference to work,<a href="#page72"> 72</a></li> <li>Lutterkorth, H., reference to work,<a href="#page53"> 53</a></li> </ul></div> @@ -5000,7 +4961,7 @@ in the Field” and “Laboratory Work on Loco-Weed Investigations.̶ <li>Plants, marine, barium taken up from sea,<a href="#page53"> 53</a></li> -<li>Plönius, W., reference to work,<a href="#page41"> 41</a></li> +<li>Plönius, W., reference to work,<a href="#page41"> 41</a></li> <li>Poison, loco, attempts to isolate the active principle,<a href="#page47"> 47</a> <ul class="IX"> @@ -5125,7 +5086,7 @@ in the Field” and “Laboratory Work on Loco-Weed Investigations.̶ <span class="pagenum">[Pg 86]</span></li> <li>Schwartzkopff, O., references to work,<a href="#page12"> 12</a>,<a href="#page13"> 13</a></li> -<li>Schwilgué, C. J. A., reference to work,<a href="#page63"> 63</a></li> +<li>Schwilgué, C. J. A., reference to work,<a href="#page63"> 63</a></li> <li>“Science,” references to papers on loco plants,<a href="#page11"> 11</a>,<a href="#page31"> 31</a></li> @@ -5306,384 +5267,6 @@ in the Field” and “Laboratory Work on Loco-Weed Investigations.̶ <p>Page 76: "is" changed to "it" (so that it is not).</p></blockquote> - - - - - - - -<pre> - - - - - -End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Barium, A Cause of the Loco-Weed -Disease, by Albert Cornelius Crawford - -*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK BARIUM *** - -***** This file should be named 40256-h.htm or 40256-h.zip ***** -This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: - http://www.gutenberg.org/4/0/2/5/40256/ - -Produced by Pat McCoy, Bryan Ness and the Online Distributed -Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This book was -produced from scanned images of public domain material -from the Google Print project.) - - -Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions -will be renamed. - -Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no -one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation -(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without -permission and without paying copyright royalties. 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