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diff --git a/40255-h/40255-h.htm b/40255-h/40255-h.htm index 0eae193..d2d77b7 100644 --- a/40255-h/40255-h.htm +++ b/40255-h/40255-h.htm @@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd"> <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en" lang="en"> <head> - <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html;charset=iso-8859-1" /> + <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html;charset=UTF-8" /> <meta http-equiv="Content-Style-Type" content="text/css" /> <title> The Project Gutenberg eBook of The Cultural History of Marlborough, Virginia, by C. Malcolm Watkins. @@ -156,48 +156,7 @@ sup {font-size: .7em; vertical-align: 30%;} </style> </head> <body> - - -<pre> - -The Project Gutenberg EBook of The Cultural History of Marlborough, -Virginia, by C. Malcolm Watkins - -This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with -almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or -re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included -with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org - - -Title: The Cultural History of Marlborough, Virginia - An Archeological and Historical Investigation of the Port - Town for Stafford County and the Plantation of John Mercer, - Including Data Supplied by Frank M. Setzler and Oscar H. - Darter - -Author: C. Malcolm Watkins - -Release Date: July 16, 2012 [EBook #40255] - -Language: English - -Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1 - -*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK MARLBOROUGH, VIRGINIA *** - - - - -Produced by Pat McCoy, Chris Curnow, Joseph Cooper and the -Online Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net - - - - - - -</pre> - +<div>*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK 40255 ***</div> <div class="transnote"> <p class="title">TRANSCRIBER NOTES:</p> @@ -247,7 +206,7 @@ Supplied by Frank M. Setzler and Oscar H. Darter</p> <p class="p4">SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION PRESS<br /> <br /> -SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION · WASHINGTON, D.C. · 1968</p> +SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION · WASHINGTON, D.C. · 1968</p> <hr class="chap" /> @@ -686,7 +645,7 @@ Buildings Survey, for many ideas, suggestions, and important identifications of craftsmen listed in Mercer’s ledgers.</p> -<p>I am equally indebted to Ivor Noël Hume, director +<p>I am equally indebted to Ivor Noël Hume, director of archeology at Colonial Williamsburg and an honorary research associate of the Smithsonian Institution, for his assistance in the identification of @@ -1741,7 +1700,7 @@ along the way. Where his home was in these early years we do not know, but it would appear that he had been active in the Stafford County region for some time, judging from the fact that by 1725 he had -accumulated £322 4s. 5½d. worth of tobacco in a<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_16" id="Page_16">[Pg 16]</a></span> +accumulated £322 4s. 5½d. worth of tobacco in a<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_16" id="Page_16">[Pg 16]</a></span> warehouse at the falls of the Rappahannock.<a name="FNanchor_52_52" id="FNanchor_52_52"></a><a href="#Footnote_52_52" class="fnanchor">[52]</a> He certainly had encountered George Mason before then, and probably Mason’s uncles, John, David, and @@ -1784,7 +1743,7 @@ B. Payne.</i>)</span> <p>During 1725 Mercer pressed ahead with his trading enterprises. From his ledger we learn that he sold Richard Ambler of Yorktown 710 pounds of “raw -Deerskins” for £35 10s. and bought £200 worth of +Deerskins” for £35 10s. and bought £200 worth of “sundry goods” from him. Between October 1725 and February 1726 he sold a variety of furnishings and equipment to Richard Johnson, ranging from a @@ -1794,7 +1753,7 @@ he received two hogsheads of tobacco, “a Gallon of syder Laceground,” and raw and dressed deerskins. He maintained a similar long account with Mosley Battaley (Battaille) (<a href="#Page_185">Appendix C</a>). From William -Rogers of Yorktown<a name="FNanchor_54_54" id="FNanchor_54_54"></a><a href="#Footnote_54_54" class="fnanchor">[54]</a> he bought £12 3s. 6d. worth +Rogers of Yorktown<a name="FNanchor_54_54" id="FNanchor_54_54"></a><a href="#Footnote_54_54" class="fnanchor">[54]</a> he bought £12 3s. 6d. worth of earthenware, presumably for resale. The tobacco which he had accumulated at the falls of the Rappahannock he sold for cash to the Gloucester firm of @@ -1843,7 +1802,7 @@ following furniture and furnishings:</p> <div class="center"> <table border="0" cellpadding="6" cellspacing="0" width="55%" summary="list of items accepted as payment"> -<tr><td> </td><td align="left">Ster.</td><td align="right">£</td><td align="right">s.</td><td align="right">d.</td></tr> +<tr><td> </td><td align="left">Ster.</td><td align="right">£</td><td align="right">s.</td><td align="right">d.</td></tr> <tr><td align="left">By a writing desk</td><td align="left">D<sup>o</sup></td><td align="right">5</td><td> </td><td> </td></tr> <tr><td align="left">By a glass & Cover</td><td align="left">D<sup>o</sup></td><td> </td><td align="right">7</td><td align="right">6</td></tr> <tr><td align="left">By 18<sup>l</sup> Pewter at ¼</td><td align="left">D<sup>o</sup></td><td align="right">1</td><td align="right">4</td><td> </td></tr> @@ -1879,10 +1838,10 @@ purchased 1500 tenpenny nails “used about it.”</p> furnishings, made repairs and improvements, and obtained the necessities of a plantation. On February 1 he acquired “3 Ironbacks” (cast-iron firebacks for -fireplaces) for £8 4s. 2d., as well as “2 p<sup>r</sup> hand Irons” +fireplaces) for £8 4s. 2d., as well as “2 p<sup>r</sup> hand Irons” for 15s. 5d., from Edmund Bagge. From George -Rust he bought “3 Cows & Calves” for £7 10s., a -featherbed for £3 10s., and an “Iron pot” for 5s.</p> +Rust he bought “3 Cows & Calves” for £7 10s., a +featherbed for £3 10s., and an “Iron pot” for 5s.</p> <p>His reckoning with John Dogge opens with a poignant note, “By a Child’s Coffin”: Mercer’s @@ -1907,7 +1866,7 @@ goods that he required:</p> <div class="center"> <table border="0" cellpadding="6" cellspacing="0" width="55%" summary="Alexander Buncle credit account"> -<tr><td> </td><td align="right">£</td><td align="right">s.</td><td align="left">d.</td></tr> +<tr><td> </td><td align="right">£</td><td align="right">s.</td><td align="left">d.</td></tr> <tr><td align="left">2 p<sup>r</sup> men’s Shooes</td><td> </td><td align="right">9</td><td> </td></tr> <tr><td align="left">1 Razor & penknife</td><td> </td><td align="right">2</td><td align="left"> 6</td></tr> <tr><td align="left">2¼ gall Rum</td><td> </td><td align="right">6</td><td align="left"> 9</td></tr> @@ -1944,7 +1903,7 @@ in 1726:</p> <div class="center"> <table border="0" cellpadding="6" cellspacing="0" width="55%" summary="Edward Simm account"> -<tr><td> </td><td align="right">£</td><td align="right">s.</td><td align="left">d.</td></tr> +<tr><td> </td><td align="right">£</td><td align="right">s.</td><td align="left">d.</td></tr> <tr><td align="left">1 horsewhip</td><td> </td><td align="right">4</td><td> </td></tr> <tr><td align="left">1 fine hat</td><td> </td><td align="right">12</td><td> </td></tr> <tr><td align="left">9 y<sup>ds</sup> bedtick ¾</td><td align="right">1</td><td align="right">10</td><td> </td></tr> @@ -1968,8 +1927,8 @@ AND BUILDING A NEW HOUSE</p> <p>Mercer’s first actual ownership of property came as a result of his marriage. In 1725 he purchased from his wife Catherine 885 acres of land near Potomac -Church for £221 5s. and another tract of 1610 -acres on Potomac Run for £322.<a name="FNanchor_57_57" id="FNanchor_57_57"></a><a href="#Footnote_57_57" class="fnanchor">[57]</a> His occupancy +Church for £221 5s. and another tract of 1610 +acres on Potomac Run for £322.<a name="FNanchor_57_57" id="FNanchor_57_57"></a><a href="#Footnote_57_57" class="fnanchor">[57]</a> His occupancy of the Ballard house, meanwhile, was arranged on a most informal basis, three years having been allowed to pass before he paid his first and only rent—a total @@ -1991,7 +1950,7 @@ and Henry Suddath includes the following:</p> <div class="center"> <table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="Linton and Suddath account"> -<tr><td align="left">By building a house at Marlborough when finished by agreement</td><td align="right">£10.0.0</td></tr> +<tr><td align="left">By building a house at Marlborough when finished by agreement</td><td align="right">£10.0.0</td></tr> <tr><td align="left">By covering my house & building a Chimney</td><td align="right">3.0.0</td></tr> </table></div> @@ -2066,7 +2025,7 @@ pepperbox, together with several handtools.</p> increasingly in evidence. In 1729 Rawleigh Chinn was paid for “helping to kill the Hogs,” “pasturage of my cattle,” and “making a gate.” Edward Floyd -was credited with £4 6s. 7½d. for “Wintering Cattle, +was credited with £4 6s. 7½d. for “Wintering Cattle, taking care of my horse & Sheep to Aug. 1729.” John Chinn seems to have been Mercer’s jockey, for as early as 1729 he was entering the races which @@ -2086,7 +2045,7 @@ court sessions continued, as in the previous century, to be social as well as legal and political occasions. This is illustrated in a credit to Joseph Waugh: “By won at a horse race at Stafford Court and -Attorney’s fee ... £1.”; on the debit side of +Attorney’s fee ... £1.”; on the debit side of Enoch Innes’s account: “To won at Quoits & running with you ... 1/3”; and in Thomas Hudson’s account, where four shillings were marked @@ -2142,7 +2101,7 @@ VHM [Richmond, 1900], vol. 7, pp. 317-318).</p></div> <div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_54_54" id="Footnote_54_54"></a><a href="#FNanchor_54_54"><span class="label">[54]</span></a> <a id="FN_54" name="FN_54"></a>William Rogers, who died in 1739, made earthenware and stoneware at Yorktown after 1711. See <span class="smcap">C. Malcolm Watkins</span> -and <span class="smcap">Ivor Noël Hume</span>, “The ‘Poor Potter’ of Yorktown” +and <span class="smcap">Ivor Noël Hume</span>, “The ‘Poor Potter’ of Yorktown” (paper 54 in <i>Contributions from the Museum of History and Technology</i>, U.S. National Museum Bulletin 249, by various authors; Washington: Smithsonian Institution), 1967.</p></div> @@ -2386,9 +2345,9 @@ landed proprietor.</p> <p>The source of Mercer’s newly made wealth is easily discovered. His ledger shows an income from legal -fees in 1730 amounting to £291 10s. 1½d. In 1731 -the figure climbed to £643 18s. 2d., then leveled off -to £639 11s. 2½d. the following year. For a young +fees in 1730 amounting to £291 10s. 1½d. In 1731 +the figure climbed to £643 18s. 2d., then leveled off +to £639 11s. 2½d. the following year. For a young man still in his twenties and self-trained in the law, this was a remarkable achievement. His success perhaps is attributable to a single event that stemmed @@ -2526,7 +2485,7 @@ bought from Captain Foward:</p> <div class="center"> <table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" width="55%" summary="items bought from Captain Foward"> -<tr><td> </td><td align="right">£</td><td align="right">s.</td><td align="left">d.</td></tr> +<tr><td> </td><td align="right">£</td><td align="right">s.</td><td align="left">d.</td></tr> <tr><td align="left">1 bellmettle skillet 4½<sup>oz</sup> at 2/</td><td> </td><td align="right">9</td><td> </td></tr> <tr><td align="left">1 copper Sausepan</td><td> </td><td align="right">7</td><td> </td></tr> <tr><td align="left">1 Small D<sup>o</sup></td><td> </td><td align="right">5</td><td align="left">4</td></tr> @@ -2542,7 +2501,7 @@ from William Hamitt. The “writing desk” which he had bought in 1725 apparently needed extensive and expensive repairs, for in March 1731 there appears an item under “Domestick Expenses,” “To -W<sup>m</sup> Walker for mending Scoutore £1.” (<i>Scoutore</i> +W<sup>m</sup> Walker for mending Scoutore £1.” (<i>Scoutore</i> was one of many corrupt spellings of <i>escritoire</i>, a slant-top desk.) William Walker was a Stafford County cabinetmaker and builder, about whom we @@ -2557,7 +2516,7 @@ heaters for smoothing irons. One item is “By putting a leg in an old Iron Pott”; another is “By Col Mason p<sup>d</sup> for mending a snuff box. 2.6” (<a href="#Page_193">Appendix F</a>).</p> -<p>In 1732 he paid Thomas Staines £1 for “a Cradle,” +<p>In 1732 he paid Thomas Staines £1 for “a Cradle,” “two Bedsteads,” and “a weekes work.” From John Blane, during the same year, he purchased 2500 tenpenny nails and the same quantity of eightpenny @@ -2577,11 +2536,11 @@ in making a Canoe.”</p> of public tobacco warehouses, and Marlborough was selected as one of the sites.<a name="FNanchor_70_70" id="FNanchor_70_70"></a><a href="#Footnote_70_70" class="fnanchor">[70]</a> In 1731 Mercer’s account with John Waugh included “Timber for 2500 -boards @25/.£3.2.6” and “Posts & Ceils for two +boards @25/.£3.2.6” and “Posts & Ceils for two Warehouses, 12 shillings.” In April 1732 he settled accounts with Captain Henry Fitzhugh for “building a Warehouse & Wharf & 6 prizes” at 3000 pounds of -tobacco, or £15. The prizes probably were “incentive +tobacco, or £15. The prizes probably were “incentive awards” for the workmen. Included in Fitzhugh’s account were “3 days work of Caesar & Will,” ten shillings, and “4319 very bad Clapboards at ½<sup>d</sup> y<sup>e</sup> @@ -2607,7 +2566,7 @@ to use them for his own purposes.</p> recreational activities. Those that he did list are representative of the society of which he was a part. Making wagers was a favorite amusement. For -example, he was owed £7 16s. by “Col<sup>o</sup> George +example, he was owed £7 16s. by “Col<sup>o</sup> George Braxton To a Wager you laid me at Cap<sup>t</sup> Rob<sup>t</sup> Brooke’s house before M<sup>r</sup> James Reid, Will<sup>m</sup> Brooke &c. Six Guineas to one that Col<sup>o</sup> Spotswood would @@ -2615,8 +2574,8 @@ not during the Reign of K. George that now is, procure a Commission as Chief or Lieu<sup>t</sup> Gov<sup>r</sup> of Virginia.” In 1731 he paid William Brent “By a pistole won of me about Hedgman’s wrestling with -and throwing Fra<sup>s</sup> Dade. £1.1.12.” He also paid -£2 10s. to James Markham “By [my] part on the +and throwing Fra<sup>s</sup> Dade. £1.1.12.” He also paid +£2 10s. to James Markham “By [my] part on the Race on Stotham’s horse.” There are other scattered references to wagers on horseraces.</p> @@ -2649,12 +2608,12 @@ account with “M<sup>r</sup> Jonathan Foward, Merchant in London” (presumably John Foward, mentioned earlier), extending from 1733 to 1743. This account lists shipments of 129 hogsheads of tobacco, totaling -£643 1s. 11d. (if we include a few extraneous items, +£643 1s. 11d. (if we include a few extraneous items, such as “To an over charge in Lemons” and “To a Still charg’d never sent”). Several similar accounts involve proceeds from tobacco. In 1734 and 1738, for example, he shipped 54 hogsheads to William -Stevenson, another London merchant, for £207 7d. +Stevenson, another London merchant, for £207 7d. on the ships <i>Triton</i>, <i>Snake</i>, <i>Brooks</i>, and <i>Elizabeth</i>.</p> <p>Marlborough’s full transition to a seat of tobacco-planting @@ -2872,7 +2831,7 @@ by B. (<i>Courtesy of Bucks County Historical Society.</i>)</span> </div> <p>In 1749 Mercer bought a “chariot” from James -Mills of Tappahannock for £80. Doubtless an +Mills of Tappahannock for £80. Doubtless an elegant piece of equipage, this was, we learn from Murray, “a light four-wheeled carriage with only back seats, and differing from the post-chaise in @@ -2883,7 +2842,7 @@ and 9 shillings for “mending 3 fillys & 3 Spokes in D<sup>o</sup>.”<a name="FNanchor_87_87" id="FNanchor_87_87"></a><a href="#Footnote_87_87" class="fnanchor">[87]</a></p> <p>At the same time he bought a “p<sup>r</sup> Cartwheels” for -£2 and a “Tumbling Cart” for £1 6s. from Simpson. +£2 and a “Tumbling Cart” for £1 6s. from Simpson. Murray tells us that a “tumble cart” or a “tumbril cart” was a dung cart, designed to dump the load.</p> @@ -2980,7 +2939,7 @@ Hodgson’s account in Ledger G:</p> <div class="center"> <table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" width="55%" summary="Ledger G"> -<tr><td align="left">1745</td><td> </td><td align="right">£</td><td align="right">s.</td><td align="right">d.</td></tr> +<tr><td align="left">1745</td><td> </td><td align="right">£</td><td align="right">s.</td><td align="right">d.</td></tr> <tr><td align="left">June</td><td align="left">To 8 hhds. tob<sup>o</sup> consigned</td><td align="right">63</td><td align="right">5</td><td align="right">5</td></tr> <tr><td> </td><td align="left"><span style="margin-left: 1em;">you by the</span></td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td></tr> <tr><td> </td><td align="left"><span style="margin-left: 1em;">Pri[n]ce of Denmark</span></td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td></tr> @@ -3010,7 +2969,7 @@ as the following entry in Ledger G shows:</p> <div class="center"> <table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" width="55%" summary="loss at sea entry"> -<tr><td align="left">June 1747</td><td align="left">By Profit & Loss for the half</td><td align="left">£75.15.3¾</td></tr> +<tr><td align="left">June 1747</td><td align="left">By Profit & Loss for the half</td><td align="left">£75.15.3¾</td></tr> <tr><td> </td><td align="left"><span style="margin-left: 1em;">of 20 hhds by Donaldson</span></td><td> </td></tr> <tr><td> </td><td align="left"><span style="margin-left: 1em;">in the Cumberland & Lost</span></td><td> </td></tr> <tr><td> </td><td align="left">By William Jordan for the</td><td> </td></tr> @@ -3020,7 +2979,7 @@ as the following entry in Ledger G shows:</p> <p>Between 1747 and 1750 Mercer lost a total of 107 hogsheads of tobacco. Over and above this, however, he shipped overseas tobacco to the amount of -£385 11s. 7d., during the same period.</p> +£385 11s. 7d., during the same period.</p> <p class="title">CLIENTS</p> @@ -3061,15 +3020,15 @@ tailor, he obtained a suit in 1745.</p> <p>The rise in Mercer’s wealth and prestige is reflected<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_32" id="Page_32">[Pg 32]</a></span> in his patronizing Williamsburg tailors, beginning in 1745 when he settled with George Charleston for -a tailor’s bill of £6 10s. In 1748 he paid Charleston +a tailor’s bill of £6 10s. In 1748 he paid Charleston four shillings for “Collar lining a Velvet Waistcoat.” In 1749 he purchased a “full trimm’d velvet Suit” from Charles Jones, the work and materials totaling -£7 7s. 4¼d., while in 1750 he spent £11 2s. 1½d. +£7 7s. 4¼d., while in 1750 he spent £11 2s. 1½d. on unitemized purchases from the same tailor. In that year he bought also from Robert Crichton, a Williamsburg merchant, “a flower’d Velvet Waistcoat, -£5.” As the decade advanced, Mercer played +£5.” As the decade advanced, Mercer played with increasing consciousness the role of wealthy gentleman, as his choice of tailors shows.</p> @@ -3100,7 +3059,7 @@ employed several weavers in various parts of Virginia. In 1747 William Threlkeld wove 109 yards of woolen cloth at fourpence a yard. During that year and the next, John Booth of King George County wove an -indeterminate amount for a total of £2 4d. In 1748 +indeterminate amount for a total of £2 4d. In 1748 John Fitzpatrick wove 480 yards of cotton at fourpence a yard, and William Mills wove 30 yards of “cloath.” Much of the work appears to have been @@ -3114,7 +3073,7 @@ bought a spinning wheel from Captain Wilson of Whitehaven, England, purchasing three more from him in 1748. Wool cards also appear in the accounts. In January 1748 Mercer charged William Mills with -“3 months Hire of Thuanus the Weaver, £3,” which +“3 months Hire of Thuanus the Weaver, £3,” which suggests that Thuanus was an indentured white servant (his name does not occur on the list of slaves) employed at Marlborough and hired out to Mills, a @@ -3131,9 +3090,9 @@ comb for tenpence, two razors, two strops, snuff-boxes, bottles of snuff, “a smelling bottle,” and “buck-handled” and silver-handled penknives. From John Hyndman, a Williamsburg merchant, Mercer acquired -a set of silver buckles for £1 10s., and from William +a set of silver buckles for £1 10s., and from William Woodford he bought “a gold watch, Chain & Swivel” -for the not-trifling sum of £64 6s. 3d.</p> +for the not-trifling sum of £64 6s. 3d.</p> <p>Like most successful men, Mercer had his portrait painted. During the General Court sessions held @@ -3142,7 +3101,7 @@ lodged with William Dering, the dancing master and portrait painter. Dering lived in the house still standing on the capitol green, now known as the Brush-Everard house. In Dering’s account we find: -“by drawing my picture, £9.2.9.”<a name="FNanchor_90_90" id="FNanchor_90_90"></a><a href="#Footnote_90_90" class="fnanchor">[90]</a></p> +“by drawing my picture, £9.2.9.”<a name="FNanchor_90_90" id="FNanchor_90_90"></a><a href="#Footnote_90_90" class="fnanchor">[90]</a></p> <p class="title">FOOD AND DRINK</p> @@ -3175,16 +3134,16 @@ known in Spanish as <i>mascabado</i>.</p> <p>Beverages and the fruits to go with them were bought in astonishing quantities between 1744 and 1750. Major Robert Tucker, a Norfolk merchant, -exchanged a “Pipe of Wine” worth £26 and a 107½-gallon -hogshead of rum valued at £22 in return for +exchanged a “Pipe of Wine” worth £26 and a 107½-gallon +hogshead of rum valued at £22 in return for Mercer’s legal services. Again as a legal fee, Mercer received 55 gallons of “Syder” from Janet Holbrook of Stafford and bought 11 limes from John Mitchelson of York for 12 shillings. From William Black he purchased “11 dozen and 11 bottles of Ale” at 13 shillings, and from John Harvey “5 ⅟<sub>12</sub> dozen of -Claret” for £11 6d. “Mark Talbott of the Kingdom -of Ireland E<sup>sq</sup>” sold Mercer a pipe of wine for £3 3s.</p> +Claret” for £11 6d. “Mark Talbott of the Kingdom +of Ireland E<sup>sq</sup>” sold Mercer a pipe of wine for £3 3s.</p> <p class="title">LIFE OF THE CHILDREN</p> @@ -3221,7 +3180,7 @@ may have furnished the scores for a boyish trio of trumpets. Music and dancing were a part of the life at Marlborough, and in 1745 an entry under “General Charges” reads “To DeKeyser for a years<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_34" id="Page_34">[Pg 34]</a></span> -dancing four children £16,” while in the following +dancing four children £16,” while in the following year ninepence was paid William Allan “for his Fidler.” In 1747 “Fiddle strings” were bought from Fielding Lewis in Fredericksburg for 2s. 4½d.</p> @@ -3266,7 +3225,7 @@ were commonplace in England until about 1800.</p> <p>The Mercer children were taught by private tutors. One, evidently engaged in England, was the Reverend -John Phipps, who was paid a salary of £100 +John Phipps, who was paid a salary of £100 annually and, presumably, his board and lodging. Mercer noted in his journal on November 18, 1746, that “Mr Phipps came to Virginia.” That Mr. @@ -3288,10 +3247,10 @@ house, and the account of “Son’s Maintenance at Williamsburg” provides an interesting picture of a well-to-do college-boy’s expenses, chargeable to his father. Such items as “To Cash p<sup>d</sup> for Lottery -Tickets” (£7 10s. 6d.), “To Covington the Dancing +Tickets” (£7 10s. 6d.), “To Covington the Dancing Master ... 2.3,” “To W<sup>m</sup> Thomson for Taylor’s -work” (£1 9s. 6d.), “To p<sup>d</sup> for Washing” (£1 1s.), -and “To Books for sundrys” (£22 4s. 7½d.) show a +work” (£1 9s. 6d.), “To p<sup>d</sup> for Washing” (£1 1s.), +and “To Books for sundrys” (£22 4s. 7½d.) show a variety of obligations comparable to those sometimes encountered on a modern campus. The entire account appears in <a href="#Page_197">Appendix J</a>.</p> @@ -3324,7 +3283,7 @@ and 2-inch plank, as well as 23,170 shingles. In 1746 Charles Waller of Stafford sold Mercer 5193 feet of 1-, 1¼-, and 1½-inch plank. In the same year James Waughhop of Maryland provided “4000 foot of Plank -of different thicknesses for £12,” and in May 1749, +of different thicknesses for £12,” and in May 1749, “2300 foot of 1½ Inch Plank at 7/.” Mercer made several similar purchases, including 14,700 shingles, from Robert Taylor of the Eastern Shore.</p> @@ -3348,7 +3307,7 @@ in part near the Potomac shore, was probably built in an item of 2s. 6d. for “Setting up Mill,” which apparently meant adjusting the millstones for proper operation. In August he paid Nathaniel Chapman -£22 19s. 8¾d. “in full for Smith’s work.” A windmill, +£22 19s. 8¾d. “in full for Smith’s work.” A windmill, with its bearings, levers, lifts, and shafts, would seem to have been the only structure requiring such a costly amount of ironwork.</p> @@ -3371,7 +3330,7 @@ is as follows:</p> <div class="center"> <table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" width="55%" summary="credit side of Minitree account"> -<tr><td> </td><td> </td><td align="right">£</td><td align="right">s.</td><td align="center">d.</td></tr> +<tr><td> </td><td> </td><td align="right">£</td><td align="right">s.</td><td align="center">d.</td></tr> <tr><td align="left">1746</td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td></tr> <tr><td align="left">Decemb<sup>r</sup> 5</td><td align="left">By making & burning</td><td align="right">9</td><td align="right">5</td><td align="left"> 7½</td></tr> <tr><td> </td><td align="left"><span style="margin-left: 1em;">41,255 Bricks at 4/6</span></td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td></tr> @@ -3407,10 +3366,10 @@ from the ledger, 61½ hogsheads of oystershells were bought from Abraham Basnett, an “Oysterman,” payment having been made in cash, meat, and brandy. “Flagstones &c ” were obtained in 1747 -through Major John Champe at a cost of £36 4s. 6d. +through Major John Champe at a cost of £36 4s. 6d. These may have been the same stones brought up as “a load of stone” by “Boatswain Davis” of Boyd’s -Hole in Passapatanzy in October 1747 for £4 5s. 5d.</p> +Hole in Passapatanzy in October 1747 for £4 5s. 5d.</p> <p>Early in 1748 a new set of developments concerning the house took place. Major William Walker of @@ -3433,7 +3392,7 @@ to completion.<a name="FNanchor_95_95" id="FNanchor_95_95"></a><a href="#Footnot <p>Walker’s carpenter was William Monday. Mercer settled with Monday in March 1748 for a total bill -of £126 16s. 2½d., but with a protest addressed +of £126 16s. 2½d., but with a protest addressed to himself in the ledger: “By work done about my House which is not near the value as by Maj<sup>r</sup> Walker’s Estimate below, yet to avoid Disputes & as he is @@ -3449,11 +3408,11 @@ believe was the best architect that ever was in America.”<a name="FNanchor_96_96" id="FNanchor_96_96"></a><a href="#Footnote_96_96" class="fnanchor">[96]</a> Bromley employed several apprentices, among them an Irishman named Patterson.<a name="FNanchor_97_97" id="FNanchor_97_97"></a><a href="#Footnote_97_97" class="fnanchor">[97]</a> For the interval from July 9, 1748, to December 25, -1750, Bromley was paid £140 1s. ½d., almost +1750, Bromley was paid £140 1s. ½d., almost entirely for wages. The payment included “3 p<sup>r</sup> hollows & rounds / 6 plane irons / 1 gallon Brandy.” For the same period Andrew Beaty, also a joiner, -received £113 5s. 1½d. On June 19, 1749, Mercer +received £113 5s. 1½d. On June 19, 1749, Mercer noted in his journal, “Beaty’s apprentice came to work.” These men were specialists in framing woodwork and in making paneling, doors, wainscoting, @@ -3461,7 +3420,7 @@ and exterior architectural elements of wood.</p> <p>The opulence of the building’s finish is indicated by a charge on Walker’s account for “his Carver’s -work 69 days at 5/, £17. 15....” Previously, +work 69 days at 5/, £17. 15....” Previously, while Minitree was still working on the house, an item had been entered in August 1747, “To Cash paid for cutting the Chimneypiece ... 6.3.” A @@ -3470,9 +3429,9 @@ facing around a fireplace opening, although in this instance the overpanel may have been meant.</p> <p>Jacob Williams, a plasterer, worked 142½ days -for a total of £22 4s. 4d., while his helper Joseph -Burges was employed 43 days for £5 7s. 6d. -Walker charged £3 8s. 11d. for “his Painters work +for a total of £22 4s. 4d., while his helper Joseph +Burges was employed 43 days for £5 7s. 6d. +Walker charged £3 8s. 11d. for “his Painters work about my house,” and a purchase of “42 gallons of Linseed Oyl” was recorded in the general charges account. Three books of goldleaf, which Mercer @@ -3482,7 +3441,7 @@ Walker.</p> <p>In May 1750, a charge by George Elliot, “Turner, Stafford,” was recorded, “By turning 162 Ballusters -at 6<sup>d</sup>, £4.1....” Another item, for supplying +at 6<sup>d</sup>, £4.1....” Another item, for supplying “341½ feet Walnut Plank at 2<sup>d</sup>,” settled in October, may have been for the wood of which the balusters were made.</p> @@ -3494,7 +3453,7 @@ that Minitree had not completed. His account for <div class="center"> <table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" width="55%" summary="Thomas Barry account"> -<tr><td> </td><td align="right">£</td><td align="right">s.</td><td align="right">d.</td></tr> +<tr><td> </td><td align="right">£</td><td align="right">s.</td><td align="right">d.</td></tr> <tr><td align="left">By Building the Addition to my House</td><td align="right">26</td><td> </td><td> </td></tr> <tr><td align="left">22 Arches at 6/</td><td align="right">6</td><td align="right">12</td><td> </td></tr> <tr><td align="left">900 Coins & Returns at 6/</td><td align="right">2</td><td align="right">14</td><td> </td></tr> @@ -3517,7 +3476,7 @@ whose account occurs in the ledger:</p> <div class="center"> <table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" width="55%" summary="Captain Lyndon account"> -<tr><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td align="right">£</td><td align="right">s.</td><td align="right">d.</td></tr> +<tr><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td align="right">£</td><td align="right">s.</td><td align="right">d.</td></tr> <tr><td align="left">1749</td><td align="left">April</td><td align="left">By 630 Bricks at 20/ p<sup>r</sup> m.</td><td> </td><td align="right">10</td><td> </td></tr> <tr><td> </td><td align="left">Dec<sup>r</sup></td><td align="left">By Gen’l Charges for</td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td></tr> <tr><td> </td><td> </td><td align="left"><span style="margin-left: 1em;">hewn Stone from M<sup>r</sup></span></td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td></tr> @@ -3542,9 +3501,9 @@ Lyndon.</p> <p>Not all the hewn stone was fashioned in England.<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_37" id="Page_37">[Pg 37]</a></span> William Copein, a Prince William County mason, and Job Wigley were employed together in 1749 -to the amount of £2 8s. In 1750 Copein was paid +to the amount of £2 8s. In 1750 Copein was paid by Mercer for 64 days of work at 3s. 1d. per day, -totaling £9 17s. 4d. Copein was another accomplished +totaling £9 17s. 4d. Copein was another accomplished craftsman, the marks of whose skill still are to be seen in the carved stone doorways of Aquia Church in Stafford County and in the baptismal font @@ -3611,7 +3570,7 @@ designing the woodwork of the house.</p> <p>Door hardware was purchased from William Jordan in June 1749, according to an item for “Locks & -Hinges” that amounted to the large sum of £13 8s. 8d.</p> +Hinges” that amounted to the large sum of £13 8s. 8d.</p> <p class="title">DOMESTIC FURNISHINGS</p> @@ -3641,19 +3600,19 @@ shoulder yoke), and “1 bucket ½<sup>d</sup>.” In 1745 a 5-gallon “Stone bottle” for 3s. 6d., “1 doz. butcher knives,” a hearthbroom, six spoons for a shilling, a pair of scissors, “8 Chamberdoor Locks w<sup>th</sup> brass -knobs £2,” and “1 Sett finest China 35/, 2 punch +knobs £2,” and “1 Sett finest China 35/, 2 punch bowls ... 2.7” were purchased.</p> -<p>The following year Mercer paid a total of £23 for a +<p>The following year Mercer paid a total of £23 for a silver sugar dish, weighing 8 oz., 5 dwt.; one dozen teaspoons and tray, 8 oz., 7 dwt.; a teapot and frame, 26 oz., 8 dwt. This lot of silver probably was bought at second hand, having been referred to as “Pugh’s Plate p<sup>d</sup> Edw<sup>d</sup> Wright as by Rec<sup>t</sup>.” He paid John -Coke, a Williamsburg silversmith, £1 6s. for engraving +Coke, a Williamsburg silversmith, £1 6s. for engraving and cleaning it. In the meanwhile, in 1745, he -had sold Coke £6 worth of old silver. He also sold a -quantity of “old Plate” for £15 17s. 3d. to Richard +had sold Coke £6 worth of old silver. He also sold a +quantity of “old Plate” for £15 17s. 3d. to Richard Langton in England through Sydenham & Hodgson. In 1747 he made a large purchase of silver from the silversmith William King<a name="FNanchor_99_99" id="FNanchor_99_99"></a><a href="#Footnote_99_99" class="fnanchor">[99]</a> of Williamsburg:</p> @@ -3661,7 +3620,7 @@ silversmith William King<a name="FNanchor_99_99" id="FNanchor_99_99"></a><a href <div class="center"> <table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="2" width="55%" summary="purchase of silver"> -<tr><td> </td><td align="right">oz.</td><td align="left">dwt.</td><td align="right">£</td><td align="right">s.</td><td align="left">d.</td></tr> +<tr><td> </td><td align="right">oz.</td><td align="left">dwt.</td><td align="right">£</td><td align="right">s.</td><td align="left">d.</td></tr> <tr><td align="left">May 1747</td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td></tr> <tr><td align="left">By Bernard</td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td></tr> <tr><td align="left"><span style="margin-left: 1em;">Moore for</span></td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td></tr> @@ -3685,7 +3644,7 @@ for the following:</p> <div class="center"> <table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="2" width="55%" summary="payment to Captain Lyndon"> -<tr><td> </td><td align="right">£</td><td align="right">s.</td><td align="right">d.</td></tr> +<tr><td> </td><td align="right">£</td><td align="right">s.</td><td align="right">d.</td></tr> <tr><td align="left">1</td><td align="left">superfine large gilt Sconce glass</td><td align="right">6</td><td align="right">16</td><td> </td></tr> <tr><td align="left">1</td><td align="left">D<sup>o</sup></td><td align="right">5</td><td align="right">5</td><td> </td></tr> <tr><td align="left">1</td><td align="left">Walnut & gold D<sup>o</sup></td><td align="right">2</td><td align="right">10</td><td> </td></tr> @@ -3702,7 +3661,7 @@ which Jordan obtained from Sydenham & Hodgson.</p> <span class="caption">Figure 13.—<span class="smcap">Table-desk</span> made in 1749 for Henry Purefoy of Shalstone Manor in Buckinghamshire by John Belchier of London. In the following year, -John Mercer received £43 13s. worth of “Cabinet +John Mercer received £43 13s. worth of “Cabinet Ware” from that noted cabinetmaker. (<i>Reproduced from</i> Purefoy Letters, 1735-1753, <i>G. Bland, ed., Sidgwick and Jackson, Ltd., London, 1931, by courteous @@ -3711,10 +3670,10 @@ permission of the publisher</i>.)</span> <p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_40" id="Page_40">[Pg 40]</a></span>Meanwhile, William Walker’s brother Robert made 14 chairs for Mercer, on which William’s carver spent -54 days. The total cost was £30 8s. The quality of +54 days. The total cost was £30 8s. The quality of Mercer’s furniture is illustrated further by a purchase in 1750 from Lyonel Lyde,<a name="FNanchor_100_100" id="FNanchor_100_100"></a><a href="#Footnote_100_100" class="fnanchor">[100]</a> a London merchant, -of £43 13s. worth of “Cabinet Ware from +of £43 13s. worth of “Cabinet Ware from Belchier.” Belchier was a leading London furniture maker, whose shop in 1750 was located on the “south side of St. Paul’s, right against the clock.” Sir @@ -3729,7 +3688,7 @@ estate of Henry Purefoy, with a table-desk in 1749 furniture during this period. In 1746 Mercer paid cash “for oysters & a bedsteed,” in the amount of 10s. 6d. In September 1748, he bought “an Escritoire” -from tutor John Phipps, for which he paid £5.</p> +from tutor John Phipps, for which he paid £5.</p> <p class="title">LIGHTING DEVICES</p> @@ -3793,7 +3752,7 @@ purchased 89 Negroes. Most of these are listed by name in the ledger accounts. Forty-six died in this period, while 25 were born, leaving a total of 66 Negroes on his staff in 1750. In 1746 he bought 6 -men and 14 women at £21 10s. from Harmer & +men and 14 women at £21 10s. from Harmer & King in Williamsburg. The new house and the expanded needs for service were perhaps the reasons for this largest single purchase of slaves.</p> @@ -3835,10 +3794,10 @@ caused problems for him and that at least one was a brutal man. For October 1747 a chilling entry appears in the account of William Graham, an overseer at Bull Run Quarters: “To Negroes for one you -made hang himself. £35.” Entered in the “Negroes” +made hang himself. £35.” Entered in the “Negroes” account, it reappears, somewhat differently: “To -William Graham for Frank (Hanged) £35 Sterling. -£50. 15.” This is one of several instances on record +William Graham for Frank (Hanged) £35 Sterling. +£50. 15.” This is one of several instances on record of Negroes driven to suicide as the only alternative to enduring cruelties.<a name="FNanchor_103_103" id="FNanchor_103_103"></a><a href="#Footnote_103_103" class="fnanchor">[103]</a> In this case, Graham was fined 50 shillings and 1293 pounds of tobacco.</p> @@ -3874,7 +3833,7 @@ his Way home as the Law directs, when apprehended.<a name="FNanchor_104_104" id= <p>Whether Joe received the harsh punishment his offense called for is not recorded. However, in 1748 Mercer accounted for cash paid for “Joe’s Lodging & -burial £3. 10.,” suggesting that Joe enjoyed death-bed +burial £3. 10.,” suggesting that Joe enjoyed death-bed care and a decent burial, even though he may have succumbed to “such correction ... as the law directs.”</p> @@ -3885,7 +3844,7 @@ One was Booth Jones of Stafford, about whom Mercer confided in his ledger, “By allowed him as Overseer tho he ran away about 5 weeks before his time was out by w<sup>ch</sup> I suffered more damage than his whole -wages. £3. 11.” Meanwhile, in 1746 William +wages. £3. 11.” Meanwhile, in 1746 William Wheeland, an overseer at Bull Run Quarters, “imbezilled” 40 barrels of corn.</p> @@ -3912,7 +3871,7 @@ mansion was occupied. William Thomson, a Fredericksburg tailor, made “a Coat & Breeches [for] Bob, 11/.” Bob was apparently Mercer’s personal manservant, who had served him since 1732. Thomson -also was paid £4 16s. 2d. for “Making Liveries.” +also was paid £4 16s. 2d. for “Making Liveries.” The listing of such materials as “scarlet duffel” and “scarlet buttons” points to colorful outfitting of slaves.</p> @@ -3990,7 +3949,7 @@ intended for the education of the three boys.</p> <p>“150 Prints of Ovid’s Metamorphosis” appears, in addition to “Ovid’s Metamorphosis and 25 Sins,” for -which Mercer paid £8 6s. to William Parks in 1746. +which Mercer paid £8 6s. to William Parks in 1746. “Catalog of Plants” and “Merian of Insects” are other titles related to natural science.</p> @@ -4181,7 +4140,7 @@ said House by any of the Streets of the said Town.”<a name="FNanchor_111_1 <p>Thus, Mercer’s original titles to 17 lots were made secure by substituting new lots for the disputed ones he had occupied. This device enabled the feoffees to -sell back the original lots—at £182 per lot—with +sell back the original lots—at £182 per lot—with new deeds drawn on the basis of the Savage survey. The final provision that lots be contiguous when a house larger than the minimum 400 square feet was @@ -4217,7 +4176,7 @@ Dr. McKenzie:</p> <div class="center"> <table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="2" width="55%" summary="Dr. McKenzie account"> <tr><td align="left">October 1748:</td><td align="left">By Medicines & Attendance</td></tr> -<tr><td> </td><td align="left"><span style="margin-left: 1em;">myself & Ice</span></td><td align="right">£7.19.11</td></tr> +<tr><td> </td><td align="left"><span style="margin-left: 1em;">myself & Ice</span></td><td align="right">£7.19.11</td></tr> <tr><td> </td><td align="left">By Lodging &c. 7 weeks</td><td align="right">6. 6. 7 </td></tr> </table></div> @@ -4288,8 +4247,8 @@ Richards was appointed undertaker.<a name="FNanchor_118_118" id="FNanchor_118_11 <p>Mercer’s charities in this decade form a short list. His only outright gift was his “Subscription to Protestant working-Schools in Ireland. To my -annual Subscription for Sterling £5.5.” In 1749 he -did £12 3s. worth of legal work for the College of +annual Subscription for Sterling £5.5.” In 1749 he +did £12 3s. worth of legal work for the College of William and Mary, which he converted into “Subscriptions to Schools” of equal value; in other words, he donated his services.</p> @@ -4327,7 +4286,7 @@ night he stayed with the pastor of Aquia Church, Mr. Moncure, then returned to Marlborough and remained there for nearly a month. Meanwhile, he purchased from Fielding Lewis, at a cost of -£3 18s. 7½d., “sundrys for mourning.” William +£3 18s. 7½d., “sundrys for mourning.” William Thomson, the Stafford tailor, made his mourning clothes. The preparations for the funeral must have been elaborate; it was not held until July 13.</p> @@ -4352,7 +4311,7 @@ from James Craig,<a name="FNanchor_119_119" id="FNanchor_119_119"></a><a href="# <div class="center"> <table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="2" width="55%" summary="purchased from James Craig"> -<tr><td> </td><td align="right">£</td><td align="right">s.</td><td align="right">d.</td></tr> +<tr><td> </td><td align="right">£</td><td align="right">s.</td><td align="right">d.</td></tr> <tr><td align="left">By a pair of Earrings</td><td align="right">2</td><td align="right">12</td><td> </td></tr> <tr><td align="left">By a pair of Buttons</td><td align="right">2</td><td align="right">12</td><td> </td></tr> <tr><td align="left">By a plain Ring</td><td align="right">1</td><td align="right">1</td><td align="right">6</td></tr> @@ -4847,7 +4806,7 @@ covering a total of 110 miles.</p> <p>On June 3, 1754, his clerk reported to duty, according to a journal entry: “Rogers came here at -£50 p<sup>r</sup> annum.” Rogers remained in Mercer’s employ +£50 p<sup>r</sup> annum.” Rogers remained in Mercer’s employ until 1768.</p> <p>Mercer seems to have been driving himself to the @@ -5032,7 +4991,7 @@ included in the transaction. This action was followed immediately by the release of the properties under their new titles to Colonel John Tayloe and Colonel Presley Thornton for a year, thus providing cash by -which George and James could pay £3000 of John +which George and James could pay £3000 of John Mercer’s debts.<a name="FNanchor_133_133" id="FNanchor_133_133"></a><a href="#Footnote_133_133" class="fnanchor">[133]</a></p> <p>The Ohio Company was experiencing its difficulties @@ -5049,8 +5008,8 @@ company.</p> in the background, now and then breaking through acutely. In 1760, for example, William Tooke, a London merchant, brought suit to collect -£331 1s. 6d. which Mercer owed him. Two years -later Capel Hanbury sued Mercer for £31 10s.<a name="FNanchor_135_135" id="FNanchor_135_135"></a><a href="#Footnote_135_135" class="fnanchor">[135]</a></p> +£331 1s. 6d. which Mercer owed him. Two years +later Capel Hanbury sued Mercer for £31 10s.<a name="FNanchor_135_135" id="FNanchor_135_135"></a><a href="#Footnote_135_135" class="fnanchor">[135]</a></p> <p>In 1761 George Washington and George Mercer ran for burgesses from Frederick County in the @@ -5231,7 +5190,7 @@ morning they brew.”</p> <p>To get his project under way, Mercer plunged further into the depths of debt by buying 40 Negroes “to enable me to make Grain sufficient to carry on -my brewery with my own hands.” These cost £8000, +my brewery with my own hands.” These cost £8000, “a large part of which was unpaid, for payment of which I depended on the Brewery itself & the great number of Debts due to me.” But the external fate @@ -5239,14 +5198,14 @@ which was driving him closer and closer to destruction now struck with the death of John Robinson, treasurer of the colony, who, having lent public funds promiscuously to debtor friends, had left a deficiency of -£100,000 in the colonial treasury. A chain reaction +£100,000 in the colonial treasury. A chain reaction of suits developed, threatening James Hunter of Fredericksburg, Mercer’s security for purchase of the slaves.</p> <p>The brewery lumbered and stumbled. Mercer’s first brewer, a young Scot named Wales, prevailed -upon him to spend £100 to alter the new malthouse. +upon him to spend £100 to alter the new malthouse. On September 16, 1765, William King, evidently a master brewer, arrived. He immediately found fault with Wales’ changes in the malthouse. Within @@ -5264,7 +5223,7 @@ each to brew separately. “Yet though Bailey found as much fault with Wales’s brewing as he did with his malting, that brewed by Wales was the only beer I had that Season fit to drink.” Wales, however, -brewed only £40 worth of beer, barely enough to pay +brewed only £40 worth of beer, barely enough to pay his wages, let alone maintenance for himself and his wife. Although Bailey brewed enough to send a schooner load of it to Norfolk, it was of such “bad @@ -5281,13 +5240,13 @@ of my Overseer & says that he is obliged to wait for barley, coals & other things that are wanted which, if timely supplied with he could with six men & a boy manufacture 250 bushels a week which would -clear £200.... My Overseer is a very good one & +clear £200.... My Overseer is a very good one & I believe as a planter equal to any in Virginia but you are sensible few planters are good farmers and barley is a farmer’s article,” Mercer wrote to George. Besides the overhead of slaves and nonproductive brewers, the establishment required the services of -two coopers at £20 per year.</p> +two coopers at £20 per year.</p> <p>Purdie & Dixon’s <i>Virginia Gazette</i> for April 10, 1766, carried the advertisement of Mercer’s brewery:</p> @@ -5369,7 +5328,7 @@ When Monroe arrived as overseer, he</p> my plantation, not enough at any of my quarters to maintain my people, a great part of my Stock dead (among them some of my English colts & horses in the -2 last years to the am<sup>t</sup> of £ 375. 10. —) & the rest of +2 last years to the am<sup>t</sup> of £ 375. 10. —) & the rest of them dying, which would have infallibly have been their fate if it had not been for the straw of 1000 bushels of barley & the grains from the brewhouse.... Convinced @@ -5380,33 +5339,33 @@ to him.</p></blockquote> <p>The following passage from the letter summarizes Mercer’s financial predicament:</p> -<blockquote><p>“I reced in 1764 £1548 ... 4 ... 3½ & in 1765 -£961 ... 5 ... 4½ but since I quitted my practice I -reced in 1766 no more than £108 ... 16 ... 1 of which -I borrowed £24.10.—& 7 ... 1 ... 6 was re’ced for the -Governor’s fees. £20 ... 8 ... 4 I got for Opinions &c -and from the brewery £28 ... 3 ... the remaining -£28 ... 16 is all I received out of several thousands +<blockquote><p>“I reced in 1764 £1548 ... 4 ... 3½ & in 1765 +£961 ... 5 ... 4½ but since I quitted my practice I +reced in 1766 no more than £108 ... 16 ... 1 of which +I borrowed £24.10.—& 7 ... 1 ... 6 was re’ced for the +Governor’s fees. £20 ... 8 ... 4 I got for Opinions &c +and from the brewery £28 ... 3 ... the remaining +£28 ... 16 is all I received out of several thousands due for all my old & new debts. In 1767 I reced -£159 ... 9 ... 3 of which borrowed £5 ... 15 ...—the -governor’s fees £10 ... 7 ... 6 reced for opinions -&c. £49 ... 6 ...—from the brewhouse £66 ... 14 ... -of which £94 ... 14 ... 3 was from the brewery & 9 in -1766 I gave a collector £20 besides his board ferrage &<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_57" id="Page_57">[Pg 57]</a></span> +£159 ... 9 ... 3 of which borrowed £5 ... 15 ...—the +governor’s fees £10 ... 7 ... 6 reced for opinions +&c. £49 ... 6 ...—from the brewhouse £66 ... 14 ... +of which £94 ... 14 ... 3 was from the brewery & 9 in +1766 I gave a collector £20 besides his board ferrage &<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_57" id="Page_57">[Pg 57]</a></span> expences & finding him horses & his whole collection -during the year turned out to be £27 ... 2 ... 10. In +during the year turned out to be £27 ... 2 ... 10. In the two years my taxes levied and quitrents amounted -to £199 ... 8 ... 1 which would have left a ballance -of £1 . 13 . 3 in my favour in that time from the +to £199 ... 8 ... 1 which would have left a ballance +of £1 . 13 . 3 in my favour in that time from the brewery & my practice (if it could be so called) & all my debts, in great part of which you and your brother are jointly & equally interested. What then remained to support me & a family consisting of about 26 white people & 122 negroes? Nothing but my crops, after -that I had expended above £100, for corn only to support +that I had expended above £100, for corn only to support them, besides rice & pork to near that value & -the impending charge of £125 for rent, of £140 to -overseers yearly, remained, & £94 ... 14 ... 3 out of +the impending charge of £125 for rent, of £140 to +overseers yearly, remained, & £94 ... 14 ... 3 out of those crops, as I have already mentioned, proceeding from the brewery, was swallowed up in taxes (tho the people in England say we pay none, but I can fatally @@ -5629,7 +5588,7 @@ his cares in the peaceful surroundings at Marlborough, his responsibilities went on nevertheless. The cost of keeping slaves remained an enormous and wasteful one: “Every negroes cloaths, bedding, corn, tools, -levies & taxes will stand yearly at least in £5,” he +levies & taxes will stand yearly at least in £5,” he wrote to George. In his letter he placed an order through George for clothing, which included 25 welted jackets “for my tradesmen & white servants,” @@ -8555,7 +8514,7 @@ ownerships (1768-1819).</p> <p class="title">COARSE EARTHENWARE</p> -<p><span class="smcap">Tidewater type.</span>—Mercer’s purchase in 1725 of £12 +<p><span class="smcap">Tidewater type.</span>—Mercer’s purchase in 1725 of £12 3s. 6d. worth of earthenware from William Rogers (p. 16, footnote 54) probably was made for trading purposes, judging from the sizable cost. Rogers operated @@ -8677,7 +8636,7 @@ Liverpool Ware,” Liverpool being the chief place of export for pottery made in Staffordshire, the principal source for the combed wares.<a name="FNanchor_178_178" id="FNanchor_178_178"></a><a href="#Footnote_178_178" class="fnanchor">[178]</a></p> -<p><span class="smcap">Buckley ware.</span>—I. Noël Hume has identified a +<p><span class="smcap">Buckley ware.</span>—I. Noël Hume has identified a class of high-fired, black-glazed earthenware found in many 18th-century sites in Virginia. He has done so by reference to <i>The Buckley Potteries</i>, @@ -9498,7 +9457,7 @@ connected with the Federal period or with the so-called trade after the Revolution.</p> <div class="footnotes"><p class="title">FOOTNOTES:</p> -<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_173_173" id="Footnote_173_173"></a><a href="#FNanchor_173_173"><span class="label">[173]</span></a> <span class="smcap">Watkins</span> and <span class="smcap">Noël Hume</span>, op. cit. (<a href="#FN_54">footnote 54</a>).</p></div> +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_173_173" id="Footnote_173_173"></a><a href="#FNanchor_173_173"><span class="label">[173]</span></a> <span class="smcap">Watkins</span> and <span class="smcap">Noël Hume</span>, op. cit. (<a href="#FN_54">footnote 54</a>).</p></div> <div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_174_174" id="Footnote_174_174"></a><a href="#FNanchor_174_174"><span class="label">[174]</span></a> <span class="smcap">C. Malcolm Watkins</span>, “North Devon Pottery and Its Export to America in the 17th Century,” (paper 13 in <i>Contributions @@ -9530,13 +9489,13 @@ of Pottery & Porcelain in the Fitzwilliam Museum, Cambridge</i> [England] Cambridge, England: (Cambridge University Press, 1935), vol. 2, pl. 150 B no. 2053; and vol. 1, p. 264.</p></div> -<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_181_181" id="Footnote_181_181"></a><a href="#FNanchor_181_181"><span class="label">[181]</span></a> <span class="smcap">I. Noël Hume</span>, “Excavations at Rosewell, Gloucester +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_181_181" id="Footnote_181_181"></a><a href="#FNanchor_181_181"><span class="label">[181]</span></a> <span class="smcap">I. Noël Hume</span>, “Excavations at Rosewell, Gloucester County, Virginia, 1957-1959,” (paper 18 in <i>Contributions from the Museum of History and Technology: Papers 12-18</i>, U.S. National Museum Bulletin 225, by various authors; Washington: Smithsonian Institution, 1963), 1962. <span class="smcap">J. Paul Hudson</span>, “Earliest Yorktown Pottery,” <i>Antiques</i> (New York, May -1958), vol. 73, no. 5, pp. 472-473; <span class="smcap">Watkins</span> and <span class="smcap">Noël Hume</span>, +1958), vol. 73, no. 5, pp. 472-473; <span class="smcap">Watkins</span> and <span class="smcap">Noël Hume</span>, loc. cit. (footnote 173).</p></div> <div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_182_182" id="Footnote_182_182"></a><a href="#FNanchor_182_182"><span class="label">[182]</span></a> <span class="smcap">Rackham</span>, op. cit. (<a href="#FN_180">footnote 180</a>), vol. 1, p. 158.</p></div> @@ -9646,7 +9605,7 @@ forth in the York County Court Orders in 1726:<a name="FNanchor_204_204" id="FNa <div class="center"> <table border="0" cellpadding="3" cellspacing="0" width="85%" summary="liquor rates"> -<tr><td> </td><td> </td><td align="right">£</td><td align="right">s.</td><td align="right">d.</td></tr> +<tr><td> </td><td> </td><td align="right">£</td><td align="right">s.</td><td align="right">d.</td></tr> <tr><td align="left">Liquors</td><td align="left">Each diet</td><td> </td><td align="right">1</td><td> </td></tr> <tr><td align="left">Rated</td><td align="left">Lodging for each person</td><td> </td><td> </td><td align="right">7</td><td align="left">½</td></tr> @@ -11369,7 +11328,7 @@ Charges to Account of Mosley Battaley for Goods Sold by Mercer</h3> <div class="center"> <table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" width="85%" summary="appendix c"> -<tr><td colspan="3"> </td><td align="right">£</td><td align="right">s.</td><td> </td><td align="right">d.</td><td> </td></tr> +<tr><td colspan="3"> </td><td align="right">£</td><td align="right">s.</td><td> </td><td align="right">d.</td><td> </td></tr> <tr><td align="left" colspan="6">1725</td></tr> <tr><td align="left">October</td></tr> <tr><td> </td><td align="left">12<sup>th</sup></td><td align="left">To Ball<sup>ns</sup>. y<sup>r</sup> Acco<sup>tt</sup> Book A for (75)</td><td align="right">3</td><td align="right">10</td><td align="right">3</td><td> </td></tr> @@ -11406,23 +11365,23 @@ Charges to Account of Mosley Battaley for Goods Sold by Mercer</h3> <tr><td> </td><td> </td><td align="left">To 1 q<sup>t</sup> Rum</td><td> </td><td align="right">1</td><td align="right">3</td><td> </td></tr> <tr><td> </td><td> </td><td align="left">To a Sword & Belt</td><td> </td><td align="right">14</td><td align="right">3</td><td> </td></tr> <tr><td> </td><td> </td><td align="left">To Club in Punch</td><td> </td><td align="right">2</td><td> </td><td> </td></tr> -<tr><td> </td><td> </td><td align="left">To 1<sup>£</sup> sugar & 1 q<sup>t</sup> Rum</td><td> </td><td align="right">2</td><td> </td><td> </td></tr> +<tr><td> </td><td> </td><td align="left">To 1<sup>£</sup> sugar & 1 q<sup>t</sup> Rum</td><td> </td><td align="right">2</td><td> </td><td> </td></tr> <tr><td> </td><td align="left">30</td><td align="left">To Club with Quarles</td><td> </td><td> </td><td align="right">9</td><td> </td></tr> <tr><td align="left">Novb<sup>r</sup></td><td align="left">20</td><td align="left">To 1 quire best paper</td><td> </td><td align="right">1</td><td align="right">6</td><td> </td></tr> <tr><td align="left">Dec<sup>r</sup></td><td align="left">13</td><td align="left">To 1 narrow axe</td><td> </td><td align="right">2</td><td align="right">3</td><td> </td></tr> <tr><td> </td><td align="left">16</td><td align="left">To 1200 10<sup>d</sup> Nails</td><td> </td><td> </td><td align="right">5</td><td> </td></tr> <tr><td> </td><td align="left">30</td><td align="left">To 1 p<sup>r</sup> Shooebuckles</td><td> </td><td> </td><td align="right">7</td><td align="left">½</td></tr> <tr><td> </td><td> </td><td align="left">To 100 6<sup>d</sup> Nails</td><td> </td><td align="right">9</td><td> </td><td> </td></tr> -<tr><td> </td><td> </td><td align="left">To y<sup>r</sup> Stafford Clks notes 162<sup>£</sup> tob<sup>o</sup></td><td align="right">1</td><td> </td><td align="right">3</td><td> </td></tr> +<tr><td> </td><td> </td><td align="left">To y<sup>r</sup> Stafford Clks notes 162<sup>£</sup> tob<sup>o</sup></td><td align="right">1</td><td> </td><td align="right">3</td><td> </td></tr> <tr><td align="left">Feb</td><td align="left">5</td><td align="left">To Cash on Acc<sup>t</sup> Thomas Harwood</td><td style="border-bottom: solid 1px;"> </td><td align="right" style="border-bottom: solid 1px;">10</td><td style="border-bottom: solid 1px;"> </td><td style="border-bottom: solid 1px;"> </td></tr> <tr><td align="left">Mar</td><td align="left">5</td><td align="left">To D<sup>o</sup></td><td align="right" style="border-bottom: solid 1px;">18</td><td align="right" style="border-bottom: solid 1px;">6</td><td align="right" style="border-bottom: solid 1px;">11</td><td align="left" style="border-bottom: solid 1px;">½</td></tr> -<tr><td> </td><td align="left">21</td><td align="left">To 1 q<sup>t</sup> Rum & 1<sup>£</sup> Sugar</td><td> </td><td align="right">2</td><td align="right">3</td><td> </td></tr> +<tr><td> </td><td align="left">21</td><td align="left">To 1 q<sup>t</sup> Rum & 1<sup>£</sup> Sugar</td><td> </td><td align="right">2</td><td align="right">3</td><td> </td></tr> <tr><td align="left">Ap<sup>l</sup></td><td align="left">3</td><td align="left">To 2 q<sup>ts</sup> D<sup>o</sup> & 1 y<sup>d</sup> Muslin</td><td> </td><td align="right">6</td><td> </td><td> </td></tr> <tr><td> </td><td align="left">26</td><td align="left">To 1 q<sup>t</sup> D<sup>o</sup> to Tho<sup>s</sup> Benson</td><td> </td><td align="right">1</td><td align="right">6</td><td> </td></tr> <tr><td align="left">Sept<sup>r</sup></td><td align="left">16<sup>th</sup></td><td align="left">To ½ y<sup>d</sup> Druggett</td><td> </td><td align="right">1</td><td align="right">10</td><td align="left">½</td></tr> <tr><td> </td><td> </td><td align="left">To 2 y<sup>ds</sup> Wadding</td><td> </td><td align="right">1</td><td align="right">6</td></tr> <tr><td> </td><td> </td><td align="left">To p<sup>d</sup> for rolling down Thomson’s hhd. tob<sup>o</sup></td><td style="border-bottom: solid 1px;"> </td><td align="right" style="border-bottom: solid 1px;">10</td><td style="border-bottom: solid 1px;"> </td><td style="border-bottom: solid 1px;"> </td></tr> -<tr><td colspan="3"> </td><td align="right">£19</td><td align="right">10</td><td align="right">1</td><td> </td></tr> +<tr><td colspan="3"> </td><td align="right">£19</td><td align="right">10</td><td align="right">1</td><td> </td></tr> </table></div> <hr class="chap" /> @@ -11436,12 +11395,12 @@ Charges to Account of Mosley Battaley for Goods Sold by Mercer</h3> <div class="center"> <table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" width="85%" summary="appendix d"> -<tr><td colspan="3"> </td><td align="right">£</td><td align="right">s.</td><td align="right">d.</td></tr> +<tr><td colspan="3"> </td><td align="right">£</td><td align="right">s.</td><td align="right">d.</td></tr> <tr><td align="left" colspan="7">1725</td></tr> <tr><td align="right">Sept<sup>r</sup></td><td align="left">9<sup>th</sup></td><td align="left">To Cash for Exp<sup>s</sup> at Stafford & Spotsylvania</td><td> </td><td align="right">1</td><td align="right">3</td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td align="left">To 7½ y<sup>ds</sup> Grown Linnen Sarah & Pitts</td><td> </td><td align="right">7</td><td align="right">6</td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td align="left">To 11 fowls & 1 quarter beef</td><td> </td><td align="right">17</td><td align="right">6</td></tr> -<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td align="left">To 100<sup>£</sup> Sugar to this day pended</td><td align="right">2</td><td align="right">16</td><td align="right">6</td></tr> +<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td align="left">To 100<sup>£</sup> Sugar to this day pended</td><td align="right">2</td><td align="right">16</td><td align="right">6</td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td align="left">To Cash for Exp<sup>s</sup> Urbanna</td><td> </td><td align="right">3</td><td align="right">1</td><td align="left">½</td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td align="left">To Horsehire &c.</td><td> </td><td align="right">6</td><td> </td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td align="left">To p<sup>d</sup> John Marnix for bringing my Sloop 2<sup>d</sup></td><td> </td><td align="right">10</td><td> </td></tr> @@ -11474,7 +11433,7 @@ Charges to Account of Mosley Battaley for Goods Sold by Mercer</h3> <tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td align="left">To 1 horsewhip</td><td> </td><td align="right">6</td><td align="right">9</td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td align="left">To 1 p<sup>r</sup> Shooes & buckles Pitts</td><td> </td><td align="right">6</td><td align="right">7</td><td align="left">½</td></tr> <tr><td align="right">Oct<sup>r</sup></td><td align="left">2</td><td align="left">To 2 silk Romall handkerchiefs [<a href="#N_2">Note 2</a>]</td><td> </td><td align="right">6</td><td> </td></tr> -<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td align="left">To 6 loaves 9<sup>s</sup> 38¾<sup>£</sup> double refin’d Sugar</td><td align="right">2</td><td align="right">18</td><td align="right">7</td><td align="left">½</td></tr> +<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td align="left">To 6 loaves 9<sup>s</sup> 38¾<sup>£</sup> double refin’d Sugar</td><td align="right">2</td><td align="right">18</td><td align="right">7</td><td align="left">½</td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td align="left">To 2<sup>l</sup> Tea at 15/</td><td align="right">1</td><td align="right">10</td><td> </td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td align="left">To 6<sup>l</sup> Chocolate</td><td> </td><td align="right">15</td><td> </td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td align="left">To 15¼<sup>l</sup> Castile Soap at 13<sup>d</sup></td><td> </td><td align="right">17</td><td align="right">1</td><td align="left">¾</td></tr> @@ -11672,7 +11631,7 @@ Charges to Account of Mosley Battaley for Goods Sold by Mercer</h3> <tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td align="left">To Alexand<sup>r</sup> M<sup>c</sup>farlane’s Acc<sup>t</sup></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td align="left"><span style="margin-left: 2em;">A Caddow & 1 p<sup>r</sup> blankets</span></td><td> </td><td align="right">16</td><td> </td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td align="left"><span style="margin-left: 2em;">1 wom<sup>s</sup> horsewhip</span></td><td> </td><td align="right">6</td><td> </td></tr> -<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td align="left"><span style="margin-left: 2em;">1<sup>£</sup> Gunpowder & 10<sup>£</sup> Shot</span></td><td> </td><td align="right">5</td><td align="right">10</td></tr> +<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td align="left"><span style="margin-left: 2em;">1<sup>£</sup> Gunpowder & 10<sup>£</sup> Shot</span></td><td> </td><td align="right">5</td><td align="right">10</td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td align="left"><span style="margin-left: 2em;">1 womans bound felt</span></td><td> </td><td align="right">4</td><td align="right">6</td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td align="left">To 12<sup>l</sup> Gunpowder & 20<sup>l</sup> Shot</td><td align="right">2</td><td> </td><td> </td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td align="left">To Henry Floyd’s Acc<sup>t</sup> for 5 pecks Corn</td><td> </td><td align="right">2</td><td align="right">6</td></tr> @@ -11700,7 +11659,7 @@ Charges to Account of Mosley Battaley for Goods Sold by Mercer</h3> <tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td align="left">To 6¼ bush<sup>ls</sup> Corn</td><td> </td><td align="right">13</td><td> </td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td align="left">To 2¾ bush<sup>ls</sup> pease</td><td> </td><td align="right">11</td><td> </td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td align="left">To 2 bush<sup>ls</sup> potatoes</td><td style="border-bottom: solid 1px;"> </td><td align="right" style="border-bottom: solid 1px;">4</td><td style="border-bottom: solid 1px;"> </td><td style="border-bottom: solid 1px;"> </td></tr> -<tr><td colspan="3"> </td><td align="left">£285</td><td align="right">2</td><td align="right">3</td><td align="left">¼</td></tr> +<tr><td colspan="3"> </td><td align="left">£285</td><td align="right">2</td><td align="right">3</td><td align="left">¼</td></tr> </table></div><p>GLOSSARY</p> <blockquote><p><a id="N_1" name="N_1"></a>1. “Mountain: 5. (In full <i>mountain wine</i>). A variety of @@ -11761,7 +11720,7 @@ Mercer’s Reading 1726-1732</h3> <table border="0" cellpadding="3" cellspacing="1" width="85%" summary="reading list"> <tr><td align="center" colspan="6"><i>Mr. John Graeme</i></td></tr> <tr><td align="left">1726</td><td align="left" colspan="3">By sundry Book bo<sup>d</sup> of him belong<sup>s</sup> to the Hon<sup>ble</sup> Col<sup>o</sup> Spotswood. Viz.</td></tr> -<tr><td> </td><td align="left"><span style="margin-left: 2em;">The History of England</span></td><td align="left"><span style="margin-left:.5em;">3 vols</span></td><td align="right">£4.</td><td align="right">2</td></tr> +<tr><td> </td><td align="left"><span style="margin-left: 2em;">The History of England</span></td><td align="left"><span style="margin-left:.5em;">3 vols</span></td><td align="right">£4.</td><td align="right">2</td></tr> <tr><td> </td><td align="left"><span style="margin-left: 2em;">Clarendon’s History</span></td><td align="left"><span style="margin-left:.5em;">6 vols</span></td><td align="right">2.</td><td align="right">2</td></tr> <tr><td> </td><td align="left"><span style="margin-left: 2em;">Tillotson’s Works</span></td><td align="left">15 vol</td><td align="right">5.</td><td align="right">15</td></tr> <tr><td> </td><td align="left"><span style="margin-left: 2em;">Plutarch’s Lives</span></td><td align="left"><span style="margin-left:.5em;">5 vol</span></td><td align="right">1.</td><td align="right">10</td></tr> @@ -11872,7 +11831,7 @@ Mercer’s Reading 1726-1732</h3> <tr><td> </td><td align="left">Exact Constable</td><td> </td><td align="right">1.</td><td> </td></tr> <tr><td> </td><td align="left">Littletons Tenures</td><td> </td><td align="right">2.</td><td> </td></tr> <tr><td> </td><td align="left">Written Laws of Virginia</td><td align="right" style="border-bottom: solid 1px;">25.</td><td style="border-bottom: solid 1px;"> </td><td style="border-bottom: solid 1px;"> </td></tr> -<tr><td> </td><td> </td><td align="right">£46.</td><td align="right">7.</td><td align="right">6</td></tr> +<tr><td> </td><td> </td><td align="right">£46.</td><td align="right">7.</td><td align="right">6</td></tr> </table></div> @@ -11907,7 +11866,7 @@ Credit side of Mercer’s account with Nathaniel Chapman</h3> <div class="center"> <table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="appendix f"> <tr><td align="left">1731</td></tr> -<tr><td> </td><td align="left">Sep</td><td align="left">9</td><td align="left">By Ball<sup>a</sup>. bro<sup>t</sup>. from fol 36</td><td> </td><td align="right">£ .</td><td align="right">2.</td><td align="right">4</td></tr> +<tr><td> </td><td align="left">Sep</td><td align="left">9</td><td align="left">By Ball<sup>a</sup>. bro<sup>t</sup>. from fol 36</td><td> </td><td align="right">£ .</td><td align="right">2.</td><td align="right">4</td></tr> <tr><td colspan="3"> </td><td align="left">By 500 2<sup>d</sup> Nails</td><td align="left">@ 2/5 p m.</td><td> </td><td align="right">2.</td><td align="right">5</td></tr> <tr><td colspan="3"> </td><td align="left">By 500 3<sup>d</sup> D<sup>o</sup></td><td align="left">3/</td><td> </td><td align="right">3.</td><td> </td></tr> <tr><td colspan="3"> </td><td align="left">By 1<sup>m</sup> 4<sup>d</sup> D<sup>o</sup></td><td align="left">4/</td><td> </td><td align="right">4.</td><td> </td></tr> @@ -11954,7 +11913,7 @@ Credit side of Mercer’s account with Nathaniel Chapman</h3> <tr><td colspan="3"> </td><td align="left">By putting a leg in an old Iron pott</td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td></tr> <tr><td> </td><td align="left">Mar</td><td> </td><td align="left">By 17½ double refin’d Sugar @ 16<sup>d</sup></td><td> </td><td align="right">1.</td><td align="right">3.</td><td> </td></tr> <tr><td colspan="3"> </td><td align="left">By 100<sup>l</sup> Sugar 35/& 3 gall<sup>s</sup> Rum 7/6</td><td> </td><td align="right" style="border-bottom: solid 1px;">2.</td><td align="right" style="border-bottom: solid 1px;">2.</td><td align="right" style="border-bottom: solid 1px;">6</td><td style="border-bottom: solid 1px;"> </td></tr> -<tr><td colspan="5"> </td><td align="right">£28.</td><td align="right">15.</td><td align="right">8</td><td align="left">¾</td></tr> +<tr><td colspan="5"> </td><td align="right">£28.</td><td align="right">15.</td><td align="right">8</td><td align="left">¾</td></tr> </table></div> <hr class="chap" /> @@ -11970,22 +11929,22 @@ Overwharton Parish Account</h3> <table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="1" summary="appendix g"> <tr><td align="center" colspan="2">Overwharton Parish</td><td align="center" colspan="3">Dr.</td><td align="center" colspan="5">Contra</td></tr> <tr><td align="left">1730</td><td colspan="4"> </td><td align="left">1730</td><td colspan="3"> </td></tr> -<tr><td align="left">March</td><td align="left">To a Book to keep the Parish Register</td><td align="right">£1.</td><td align="left">11.</td><td> </td><td align="left">March 15</td><td align="left">By W<sup>m</sup> Holdbrook’s fine for Adultery</td><td align="right">£5.</td><td> </td></tr> +<tr><td align="left">March</td><td align="left">To a Book to keep the Parish Register</td><td align="right">£1.</td><td align="left">11.</td><td> </td><td align="left">March 15</td><td align="left">By W<sup>m</sup> Holdbrook’s fine for Adultery</td><td align="right">£5.</td><td> </td></tr> <tr><td> </td><td align="left">To drawing Bonds between Blackburn & the Churchwardens ab<sup>t</sup> building& the building the Church</td><td align="right">1.</td><td colspan="6"> </td></tr> <tr><td colspan="6"> </td><td align="left">By Ebenezer Moss’s for swearing & Sabbath breaking</td><td align="right">1.</td><td align="left">15.</td></tr> <tr><td> </td><td align="left">To fee v Moss</td><td> </td><td align="left">11.</td><td align="left">8</td><td> </td><td align="left">By Edward Franklyn’s for swearing when reced</td><td align="right" style="border-bottom: solid 1px;">3.</td><td style="border-bottom: solid 1px;"> </td></tr> <tr><td> </td><td align="left"><span style="margin-left: 3.5em;">Ballenger</span></td><td colspan="7"> </td></tr> -<tr><td> </td><td align="left"><span style="margin-left: 3.5em;">Cabnet</span></td><td colspan="5"> </td><td align="right">£9.</td><td align="left">15.</td></tr> +<tr><td> </td><td align="left"><span style="margin-left: 3.5em;">Cabnet</span></td><td colspan="5"> </td><td align="right">£9.</td><td align="left">15.</td></tr> <tr><td colspan="10"> </td></tr> <tr><td align="right">15</td><td align="left">To 1/3 W<sup>m</sup> Holdbrooks’s fine</td><td align="right">1.</td><td align="left">13.</td><td align="left">4</td><td colspan="4"> </td></tr> <tr><td> </td><td align="left">To 1/3 Eliz<sup>a</sup> Bear’s D<sup>o</sup></td><td colspan="7"> </td></tr> <tr><td> </td><td align="left">To fee v Franklyn</td><td align="right">1.</td><td colspan="6"> </td></tr> <tr><td> </td><td align="left">To paid Burr Harrison by Ord<sup>o</sup> Vestry</td><td align="right" style="border-bottom: solid 1px;">2.</td><td align="left" style="border-bottom: solid 1px;">10.</td><td style="border-bottom: solid 1px;"> </td><td colspan="4"> </td></tr> -<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td align="right">£8.</td><td align="left">11</td><td colspan="5"> </td></tr> -<tr><td> </td><td align="left"><span style="margin-left: 5em;">Ball<sup>a</sup></span></td><td align="right" style="border-bottom: solid 1px;">£1.</td><td align="left" style="border-bottom: solid 1px;">4</td><td style="border-bottom: solid 1px;"> </td><td colspan="4"> </td></tr> -<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td align="left">£9.</td><td align="left">15</td><td colspan="5"> </td></tr> +<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td align="right">£8.</td><td align="left">11</td><td colspan="5"> </td></tr> +<tr><td> </td><td align="left"><span style="margin-left: 5em;">Ball<sup>a</sup></span></td><td align="right" style="border-bottom: solid 1px;">£1.</td><td align="left" style="border-bottom: solid 1px;">4</td><td style="border-bottom: solid 1px;"> </td><td colspan="4"> </td></tr> +<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td align="left">£9.</td><td align="left">15</td><td colspan="5"> </td></tr> <tr><td align="left">1732</td><td colspan="4"> </td><td align="left">1732</td><td colspan="3"> </td></tr> -<tr><td align="left">April</td><td align="left">To fee v Coulter</td><td align="left">£</td><td align="left">.15.</td><td> </td><td align="left">March 25</td><td align="left">By Ball<sup>a</sup></td><td align="left">1.</td><td align="left">4</td></tr> +<tr><td align="left">April</td><td align="left">To fee v Coulter</td><td align="left">£</td><td align="left">.15.</td><td> </td><td align="left">March 25</td><td align="left">By Ball<sup>a</sup></td><td align="left">1.</td><td align="left">4</td></tr> <tr><td colspan="6"> </td><td align="left">By Eliz<sup>a</sup> Ballengers fine for a bastard</td><td colspan="2"> </td></tr> <tr><td colspan="6"> </td><td align="left">By Alice Jefferies’ D<sup>o</sup></td><td colspan="2"> </td></tr> <tr><td colspan="6"> </td><td align="left">By Ann Holt’s D<sup>o</sup></td><td colspan="2"> </td></tr> @@ -12200,8 +12159,8 @@ William and Mary</h3> <table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" width="85%" summary="appendix j"> <tr><td align="center" colspan="9">Son’s Maintenance at Williamsburg, Dr.</td></tr> <tr><td align="left" colspan="9">1750</td></tr> -<tr><td align="left">April 5</td><td align="left">To Cash</td><td colspan="3"> </td><td align="right">£ 1.</td><td align="left">7.</td><td align="left">6</td></tr> -<tr><td> </td><td align="left">To D<sup>o</sup> p<sup>d</sup> M<sup>r</sup>. Robinson for Entrance</td><td align="right">£4.</td><td align="left">12.</td><td colspan="4"> </td></tr> +<tr><td align="left">April 5</td><td align="left">To Cash</td><td colspan="3"> </td><td align="right">£ 1.</td><td align="left">7.</td><td align="left">6</td></tr> +<tr><td> </td><td align="left">To D<sup>o</sup> p<sup>d</sup> M<sup>r</sup>. Robinson for Entrance</td><td align="right">£4.</td><td align="left">12.</td><td colspan="4"> </td></tr> <tr><td> </td><td align="left"><span style="margin-left: 2em;">M<sup>r</sup>. Graeme D<sup>o</sup></span></td><td align="right">4.</td><td align="left">12.</td><td colspan="4"> </td></tr> <tr><td> </td><td align="left"><span style="margin-left: 2em;">M<sup>r</sup>. Preston D<sup>o</sup></span></td><td align="right">4.</td><td align="left">6.</td><td align="left">8</td><td colspan="3"> </td></tr> <tr><td> </td><td align="left"><span style="margin-left: 2em;">M<sup>r</sup>. Davenport D<sup>o</sup></span></td><td align="right">1.</td><td align="left">12.</td><td align="left">6</td><td colspan="3"> </td></tr> @@ -12214,17 +12173,17 @@ William and Mary</h3> <tr><td> </td><td align="left">To M<sup>r</sup> Dering for Board</td><td colspan="3"> </td><td align="right">5.</td></tr> <tr><td> </td><td align="left">To Peter Scott for mending a Table</td><td colspan="4"> </td><td align="right">2.</td><td align="left">6</td></tr> <tr><td> </td><td align="left">To Housekeeping at Williamsburg for sundrys Viz</td><td colspan="6"> </td></tr> -<tr><td> </td><td align="left"><span style="margin-left: 2em;">A Featherbed & furniture</span></td><td align="right">£8.</td><td colspan="5"> </td></tr> +<tr><td> </td><td align="left"><span style="margin-left: 2em;">A Featherbed & furniture</span></td><td align="right">£8.</td><td colspan="5"> </td></tr> <tr><td> </td><td align="left"><span style="margin-left: 2em;">A Desk</span></td><td align="right">1.</td><td align="left">1.</td><td align="left">6</td><td colspan="3"> </td></tr> <tr><td> </td><td align="left"><span style="margin-left: 2em;">An oval Table</span></td><td align="right">1.</td><td align="left">1.</td><td colspan="4"> </td></tr> <tr><td> </td><td align="left"><span style="margin-left: 2em;">3 Chairs 7/</span></td><td align="right" style="border-bottom: solid 1px;">1.</td><td align="left" style="border-bottom: solid 1px;">1.</td><td style="border-bottom: solid 1px;"> </td><td align="right">11.</td><td align="left">3.</td><td align="left">6</td></tr> <tr><td align="left">July</td><td align="left">To General Charges for sundrys Viz</td><td colspan="6"> </td></tr> -<tr><td> </td><td align="left">To Cash p<sup>d</sup> M<sup>r</sup> Preston as advanced for George</td><td align="right">£2.</td><td align="left">3</td><td colspan="4"> </td></tr> +<tr><td> </td><td align="left">To Cash p<sup>d</sup> M<sup>r</sup> Preston as advanced for George</td><td align="right">£2.</td><td align="left">3</td><td colspan="4"> </td></tr> <tr><td> </td><td align="left"><span style="margin-left: 2em;">to George</span></td><td align="right">2.</td><td align="left">3</td><td colspan="4"> </td></tr> <tr><td> </td><td align="left"><span style="margin-left: 2em;">to the Usher</span></td><td align="right" style="border-bottom: solid 1px;">1.</td><td align="left" style="border-bottom: solid 1px;">11.</td><td align="left" style="border-bottom: solid 1px;">3</td><td align="right">5.</td><td align="left">17.</td><td align="left">3</td></tr> -<tr><td align="left">August</td><td align="left">To Cash p<sup>d</sup> the Nurse attending J<sup>no</sup> & Ja<sup>s</sup></td><td align="right">£2.</td><td align="left">3.</td><td colspan="4"> </td></tr> +<tr><td align="left">August</td><td align="left">To Cash p<sup>d</sup> the Nurse attending J<sup>no</sup> & Ja<sup>s</sup></td><td align="right">£2.</td><td align="left">3.</td><td colspan="4"> </td></tr> <tr><td> </td><td align="left"><span style="margin-left: 2em;">to John & James</span></td><td align="right" style="border-bottom: solid 1px;">1.</td><td align="left" style="border-bottom: solid 1px;">1.</td><td align="left" style="border-bottom: solid 1px;">6</td><td align="right">3.</td><td align="left">4.</td><td align="left">6</td></tr> <tr><td> </td><td align="left">To W<sup>m</sup> Thomson for Taylors work</td><td colspan="3"> </td><td align="right">3.</td><td align="left">10.</td><td align="left">6</td></tr> @@ -12238,7 +12197,7 @@ William and Mary</h3> <tr><td> </td><td align="left">To Rich<sup>d</sup> Gamble for two wigs & shaving</td><td colspan="3"> </td><td align="right">5.</td><td align="left">7.</td><td align="left">3</td></tr> <tr><td> </td><td align="left">To Books for sundrys</td><td colspan="3"> </td><td align="right">22.</td><td align="left">4.</td><td align="left">7½</td></tr> <tr><td> </td><td align="left">To W<sup>m</sup> Thomson for Taylors work</td><td colspan="3"> </td><td align="right" style="border-bottom: solid 1px;">1.</td><td align="left" style="border-bottom: solid 1px;">9.</td><td align="left" style="border-bottom: solid 1px;">6</td></tr> -<tr><td colspan="5"> </td><td align="right">£126.</td><td align="left">13.</td><td align="left">1½</td></tr> +<tr><td colspan="5"> </td><td align="right">£126.</td><td align="left">13.</td><td align="left">1½</td></tr> </table></div> <hr class="chap" /> @@ -12257,7 +12216,7 @@ John Mercer’s Library</h3> <tr><td align="right" colspan="5">Sterling</td></tr> <tr><td align="center" colspan="5">LAW BOOKS</td></tr> <tr><td align="left" colspan="2"><i>Abridgments</i></td><td colspan="3"> </td></tr> -<tr><td> </td><td align="left">Cases in Equity abridged</td><td align="left">£ </td><td align="right">18.</td><td> </td></tr> +<tr><td> </td><td align="left">Cases in Equity abridged</td><td align="left">£ </td><td align="right">18.</td><td> </td></tr> <tr><td> </td><td align="left">Danvers’s Abridgment 3 vol</td><td align="right">3.</td><td align="right">10.</td><td> </td></tr> <tr><td> </td><td align="left">Viner’s Abridgment 6 vol</td><td align="right">8.</td><td align="right">8.</td><td> </td></tr> <tr><td> </td><td align="left">Davenport’s Abridgm<sup>t</sup> of Coke on Littleton</td><td> </td><td align="right">2.</td><td> </td></tr> @@ -12699,7 +12658,7 @@ before 1746. The following books listed are referred to the accounts on which th <table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" width="85%" summary="additions to the library"> <tr><td align="left" colspan="5">1746</td></tr> <tr><td align="left">April</td><td align="left" colspan="2">To Maj<sup>r</sup>. John Champe for sundrys viz.</td><td colspan="3"> </td></tr> -<tr><td> </td><td align="left" colspan="2"><span style="margin-left: 2em;">Viner’s Abridgment 4 vol</span></td><td align="right">£ 5.</td><td align="right">16.</td><td> </td></tr> +<tr><td> </td><td align="left" colspan="2"><span style="margin-left: 2em;">Viner’s Abridgment 4 vol</span></td><td align="right">£ 5.</td><td align="right">16.</td><td> </td></tr> <tr><td> </td><td align="left" colspan="2"><span style="margin-left: 2em;">Ld. Raymond’s Reports 2 vol</span></td><td align="right">3.</td><td> </td><td> </td></tr> <tr><td> </td><td align="left" colspan="2"><span style="margin-left: 2em;">Freeman’s Reports</span></td><td align="right">1.</td><td align="right">15.</td><td> </td></tr> <tr><td> </td><td align="left" colspan="2"><span style="margin-left: 2em;">Lilly’s Conveyancer</span></td><td align="right">1.</td><td align="right">15.</td><td> </td></tr> @@ -12798,7 +12757,7 @@ before 1746. The following books listed are referred to the accounts on which th <tr><td> </td><td align="left" colspan="2">Freight & Primage 2½ p<sup>r</sup> Cent</td><td align="right">1.</td><td align="right">7.</td><td align="right">7</td><td align="left">¼</td><td colspan="9"> </td></tr> <tr><td> </td><td align="left" colspan="2">Insurance Policy & ½ p<sup>r</sup> Cent Commission to pay 98 in case of Loss</td><td align="right">11.</td><td align="right">6.</td><td align="right">6</td><td align="left">¾</td><td> </td><td align="right">67.</td><td align="right">18.</td><td colspan="6"> </td></tr> <tr><td align="left">November</td><td align="left" colspan="2">To M<sup>r</sup> William Jordan for Sundrys Viz</td><td colspan="13"> </td></tr> -<tr><td> </td><td align="left"><span style="margin-left: 2.5em;">Broughton’s Dictionary</span></td><td align="left">2 vol fol</td><td align="right">£ 1.</td><td align="right">5.</td><td colspan="11"> </td></tr> +<tr><td> </td><td align="left"><span style="margin-left: 2.5em;">Broughton’s Dictionary</span></td><td align="left">2 vol fol</td><td align="right">£ 1.</td><td align="right">5.</td><td colspan="11"> </td></tr> <tr><td> </td><td align="left">WW<span style="margin-left: .75em;">Grey’s Hudibras</span></td><td align="left">2</td><td> </td><td align="right">11.</td><td align="right">6</td><td colspan="10"> </td></tr> <tr><td> </td><td align="left"><span style="margin-left: 2.5em;">Modern Husbandman</span></td><td align="left">3</td><td> </td><td align="right">13.</td><td colspan="11"> </td></tr> <tr><td> </td><td align="left">GM<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Rollins Belles Lettres</span></td><td align="left">2 sets 4</td><td align="right">1.</td><td align="right">1.</td><td colspan="11"> </td></tr> @@ -12868,7 +12827,7 @@ before 1746. The following books listed are referred to the accounts on which th <tr><td> </td><td align="left" colspan="2"><span style="margin-left: 1em;">Milton’s Political Works 2 vol fol</span></td><td align="right">2.</td><td align="right">6.</td><td colspan="11"> </td></tr> <tr><td> </td><td align="right" colspan="2"><span style="margin-left: 1em;">A Box</span></td><td style="border-bottom: solid 1px;"> </td><td align="right" style="border-bottom: solid 1px;">2.</td><td align="right" style="border-bottom: solid 1px;">6</td><td style="border-bottom: solid 1px;"> </td><td colspan="10"> </td></tr> -<tr><td colspan="3"> </td><td align="right">£23.</td><td align="right">11.</td><td align="right">6</td></tr> +<tr><td colspan="3"> </td><td align="right">£23.</td><td align="right">11.</td><td align="right">6</td></tr> <tr><td> </td><td align="left" colspan="2"><span style="margin-left: 1em;">Commission Insurance &c. 26 pc<sup>t</sup></span></td><td align="right">6.</td><td align="right">2.</td><td align="right">7</td><td colspan="11"> </td></tr> <tr><td> </td><td align="left" colspan="2"><span style="margin-left: 2em;">Exchange at 40 pc<sup>t</sup></span></td><td align="right">11.</td><td align="right">17.</td><td align="right">7</td><td align="right">½</td><td colspan="6"> </td><td align="right">41.</td><td align="right">11.</td><td align="right">8½</td></tr> <tr><td> </td><td align="left" colspan="2">To William Jordan for sundrys Viz</td><td colspan="13"> </td></tr> @@ -12884,7 +12843,7 @@ before 1746. The following books listed are referred to the accounts on which th <tr><td align="left" colspan="16"><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_206" name="Page_206">[Pg 206]</a></span>1750 May</td></tr> <tr><td> </td><td align="left" colspan="2">To W<sup>m</sup> Parks for sundrys</td><td colspan="11"> </td><td align="right">7.</td><td align="left">19</td></tr> -<tr><td align="left">Aug</td><td align="left" colspan="2">To Lyonel Lyde for sundrys £49.8 sterl<sup>g</sup> 26 pC<sup>t</sup></td><td colspan="5"> </td><td align="right" style="border-bottom: solid 1px;">49.</td><td align="right" style="border-bottom: solid 1px;">8.</td><td style="border-bottom: solid 1px;" colspan="8"> </td></tr> +<tr><td align="left">Aug</td><td align="left" colspan="2">To Lyonel Lyde for sundrys £49.8 sterl<sup>g</sup> 26 pC<sup>t</sup></td><td colspan="5"> </td><td align="right" style="border-bottom: solid 1px;">49.</td><td align="right" style="border-bottom: solid 1px;">8.</td><td style="border-bottom: solid 1px;" colspan="8"> </td></tr> <tr><td colspan="8"> </td><td align="right">439.</td><td align="right">7.</td><td align="right">9</td><td colspan="2"> </td><td align="right">91.</td><td align="right">13.</td><td align="right">11½</td></tr> <tr><td align="right" colspan="3">25 pC<sup>t</sup></td><td colspan="5"> </td><td align="right" style="border-bottom: solid 1px;">109.</td><td align="right" style="border-bottom: solid 1px;">16.</td><td align="right" style="border-bottom: solid 1px;">11</td><td align="left" style="border-bottom: solid 1px;">¼</td><td style="border-bottom: solid 1px;"> </td><td align="right" style="border-bottom: solid 1px;">549.</td><td align="right" style="border-bottom: solid 1px;">4.</td><td align="right" style="border-bottom: solid 1px;">8¼</td></tr> <tr><td colspan="13"> </td><td align="right">640.</td><td align="right">18.</td><td align="right">7¾</td></tr> @@ -12896,18 +12855,18 @@ before 1746. The following books listed are referred to the accounts on which th <tr><td align="left" colspan="16">1750</td></tr> <tr><td align="left">May</td><td align="left" colspan="2">By John Sutherland for Coeltagon’s Dictionary</td><td colspan="5"> </td><td align="right">8.</td><td align="right">1.</td><td align="right">4</td><td colspan="5"> </td></tr> <tr><td align="left">June</td><td align="left" colspan="2">By George Mason for Rollins belles Letters</td><td colspan="5"> </td><td align="right" colspan="2" style="border-bottom: solid 1px;">15.</td><td colspan="3" style="border-bottom: solid 1px;"> </td><td align="right" style="border-bottom: solid 1px;">23.</td><td align="right" style="border-bottom: solid 1px;">12.</td><td align="left" style="border-bottom: solid 1px;"> </td></tr> -<tr><td colspan="13"> </td><td align="right">£617.</td><td align="right">6.</td><td align="right">6¾</td></tr> +<tr><td colspan="13"> </td><td align="right">£617.</td><td align="right">6.</td><td align="right">6¾</td></tr> <tr><td align="left" colspan="16">1750</td></tr> <tr><td align="left">April</td><td align="left" colspan="2">To W<sup>m</sup> Parks for sundrys Viz</td><td colspan="13"> </td></tr> -<tr><td> </td><td align="left" colspan="2"><span style="margin-left: 1em;">Noblemens Seats by Kip (38)</span></td><td colspan="5"> </td><td align="right">£1.</td><td align="right">2.</td><td align="right">6</td><td colspan="5"> </td></tr> +<tr><td> </td><td align="left" colspan="2"><span style="margin-left: 1em;">Noblemens Seats by Kip (38)</span></td><td colspan="5"> </td><td align="right">£1.</td><td align="right">2.</td><td align="right">6</td><td colspan="5"> </td></tr> <tr><td> </td><td align="left" colspan="2"><span style="margin-left: 1em;">Johnson’s Lives of Highwaymen &c.</span></td><td colspan="5"> </td><td align="right">1.</td><td align="right">2.</td><td align="right">6</td><td colspan="5"> </td></tr> <tr><td> </td><td align="left" colspan="2"><span style="margin-left: 1em;">Willis’s Survey of the Cathedrals 3 vol</span></td><td colspan="5"> </td><td align="right">1.</td><td align="right">19.</td><td colspan="6"> </td></tr> <tr><td> </td><td align="left" colspan="2"><span style="margin-left: 1em;">Select Plays 16 vol</span></td><td colspan="5"> </td><td align="right">3.</td><td align="right">3.</td><td colspan="6"> </td></tr> <tr><td> </td><td align="left" colspan="2"><span style="margin-left: 1em;">8 Views of Scotland</span></td><td colspan="6"> </td><td align="right">12.</td><td colspan="6"> </td></tr> <tr><td align="left">Aug<sup>t</sup></td><td align="left" colspan="2">To Lyonel Lyde for sundrys bo<sup>t</sup> of Osborn Viz</td><td colspan="13"> </td></tr> -<tr><td> </td><td align="left" colspan="2"><span style="margin-left: 1em;">Universal History 20 vol gilt</span></td><td colspan="5"> </td><td align="right">£ 9.</td><td align="right">8.</td><td align="right">6</td><td colspan="5"> </td></tr> +<tr><td> </td><td align="left" colspan="2"><span style="margin-left: 1em;">Universal History 20 vol gilt</span></td><td colspan="5"> </td><td align="right">£ 9.</td><td align="right">8.</td><td align="right">6</td><td colspan="5"> </td></tr> <tr><td> </td><td align="left" colspan="2"><span style="margin-left: 1em;">Merian of Insects</span></td><td colspan="5"> </td><td align="right">2.</td><td align="right">10.</td><td align="right">9</td><td colspan="5"> </td></tr> <tr><td> </td><td align="left" colspan="2"><span style="margin-left: 1em;">Gallia et Helvatia Urbes</span></td><td colspan="5"> </td><td align="right">1.</td><td align="right">16.</td><td align="right">3</td><td colspan="5"> </td></tr> <tr><td> </td><td align="left" colspan="2"><span style="margin-left: 1em;">Theatrum Urbium Germanis 2 vol</span></td><td colspan="5"> </td><td align="right">4.</td><td align="right">11.</td><td align="right">4</td><td colspan="5"> </td></tr> @@ -13029,16 +12988,16 @@ before 1746. The following books listed are referred to the accounts on which th <tr><td> </td><td align="left">By Sons for the Preceptor</td><td align="left">2 vol</td><td> </td><td align="right">13.</td><td align="right">6</td><td colspan="4"> </td></tr> <tr><td> </td><td align="left" colspan="2"><span style="margin-left: 1em;">Fer’s Geography</span></td><td style="border-bottom: solid 1px;"> </td><td align="right" style="border-bottom: solid 1px;" colspan="3">3.</td><td> </td><td align="left">16.</td><td align="right">6</td></tr> -<tr><td> </td><td align="left" colspan="2">By Profit & Loss for Freeman’s Reports</td><td align="right">£2.</td><td align="right">12.</td><td align="right">2</td><td colspan="4"> </td></tr> +<tr><td> </td><td align="left" colspan="2">By Profit & Loss for Freeman’s Reports</td><td align="right">£2.</td><td align="right">12.</td><td align="right">2</td><td colspan="4"> </td></tr> <tr><td> </td><td align="left"><span style="margin-left: 1em;">Universal History</span></td><td align="left">20 vol</td><td align="right" style="border-bottom: solid 1px;">7.</td><td align="right" style="border-bottom: solid 1px;" colspan="3">14.</td><td align="right">10.</td><td align="right">6.</td><td align="right">2</td></tr> <tr><td> </td><td align="left" colspan="2">By Robert Roseby by his Bro. Alexander</td><td colspan="7"> </td></tr> -<tr><td> </td><td align="left"><span style="margin-left: 1em;">Ld. Raymond’s Reports</span></td><td align="left">2 vol</td><td align="right">£4.</td><td align="right">10.</td><td colspan="5"> </td></tr> +<tr><td> </td><td align="left"><span style="margin-left: 1em;">Ld. Raymond’s Reports</span></td><td align="left">2 vol</td><td align="right">£4.</td><td align="right">10.</td><td colspan="5"> </td></tr> <tr><td> </td><td align="left" colspan="2"><span style="margin-left: 1em;">Comyns Reports</span></td><td align="right">2.</td><td align="right">5.</td><td colspan="5"> </td></tr> <tr><td> </td><td align="left" colspan="2"><span style="margin-left: 1em;">Barnardiston’s Reports in Cane</span></td><td align="right">1.</td><td align="right">13.</td><td colspan="5"> </td></tr> <tr><td> </td><td align="left" colspan="2"><span style="margin-left: 1em;">Talbot’s Reports</span></td><td align="right">1.</td><td align="right">2.</td><td align="right">6</td><td colspan="4"> </td></tr> <tr><td> </td><td align="left" colspan="2"><span style="margin-left: 1em;">Shower’s Cases in Parliament</span></td><td style="border-bottom: solid 1px;"> </td><td align="right" style="border-bottom: solid 1px;">19.</td><td align="right" style="border-bottom: solid 1px;" colspan="2">6</td><td align="right">10.</td><td align="right">10.</td><td> </td></tr> <tr><td colspan="7"> </td><td align="right" style="border-bottom: solid 1px;">662.</td><td align="right" style="border-bottom: solid 1px;">9.</td><td align="right" style="border-bottom: solid 1px;">2¼</td></tr> -<tr><td colspan="7"> </td><td align="right">£706.</td><td align="right" colspan="2">11¾</td></tr> +<tr><td colspan="7"> </td><td align="right">£706.</td><td align="right" colspan="2">11¾</td></tr> </table></div> @@ -14427,7 +14386,7 @@ of Russell & Russell, publishers.</p></div></div> <li>Nicholson, Captain Timothy, <a href="#Page_36">36</a>, <a href="#Page_58">58</a></li> <li>Niemeyer, Mabel, <a href="#Page_viii">viii</a></li> <li>Nisbett, William, <a href="#Page_25">25</a></li> -<li>Noël Hume, Ivor, <a href="#Page_viii">viii</a>, <a href="#Page_126">126</a>, <a href="#Page_131">131</a></li> +<li>Noël Hume, Ivor, <a href="#Page_viii">viii</a>, <a href="#Page_126">126</a>, <a href="#Page_131">131</a></li> <li>Norfolk, <a href="#Page_9">9</a>, <a href="#Page_33">33</a>, <a href="#Page_47">47</a>, <a href="#Page_55">55</a>, <a href="#Page_59">59</a></li> <li class="ifrst"><a id="X_O" name="X_O"></a>Occaquan warehouse, <a href="#Page_30">30</a></li> @@ -15011,382 +14970,6 @@ to).</p> </blockquote> </div> - - - - - - - -<pre> - - - - - -End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of The Cultural History of Marlborough, -Virginia, by C. 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