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diff --git a/.gitattributes b/.gitattributes new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6833f05 --- /dev/null +++ b/.gitattributes @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +* text=auto +*.txt text +*.md text diff --git a/40226-0.txt b/40226-0.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..5776823 --- /dev/null +++ b/40226-0.txt @@ -0,0 +1,1559 @@ +The Project Gutenberg eBook, The Fall of Prince Florestan of Monaco, by +Charles Wentworth Dilke + + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + + + + +Title: The Fall of Prince Florestan of Monaco + + +Author: Charles Wentworth Dilke + + + +Release Date: July 14, 2012 [eBook #40226] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: UTF-8 + + +***START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE FALL OF PRINCE FLORESTAN OF +MONACO*** + + +This ebook was transcribed by Les Bowler. + + [Picture: Monaco Town, from Monte Carlo] + + + + + + THE FALL + OF + PRINCE FLORESTAN OF MONACO. + + + * * * * * + + BY HIMSELF. + + * * * * * + + London: + MACMILLAN AND CO. + 1874. + + [_The Right of Translation and Reproduction is reserved_.] + + [Picture: Map of the Town of Monaco] + + + + +THE FALL OF PRINCE FLORESTAN OF MONACO. + + +I am Prince Florestan of Wurtemberg, born in 1850, and consequently now +of the mature age of twenty-four. I might call myself “FLORESTAN II.” but +I think it better taste for a dethroned prince, especially when he +happens to be a republican, to resume the name that is in reality his +own. + +Although the events which I am about to relate occurred this winter, so +little is known in England of the affairs of the Ex-principality of +Monaco, now forming the French commune of that name, that I feel that the +details of my story, indeed all but the bare facts on which it is +grounded, will be news to English readers. The English Post Office +believes that Monaco forms part of Italy, and the general election +extinguished the telegrams that arrived from France in February last. + +All who follow continental politics are aware that the Prince Charles +Honoré, known as Charles III. of Monaco, and also called on account of +his infirmity “the blind prince,” was the ruling potentate of Monaco +during the last gambling season; that there lived with him his mother, +the dowager princess; that he was a widower with one son, Prince Albert, +Duc de Valentinois, heir apparent to the throne; that the latter had by +his marriage with the Princess Marie of Hamilton, sister to the Duke of +Hamilton, one son who in 1873 was six years old; that all the family +lived on M. Blanc the lessee of the gambling tables. But Monaco is shut +off from the rest of the world except in the winter months, and few have +heard of the calamities which since the end of January have rained upon +the ruling family. My cousin, Prince Albert, the “Sailor Prince,” a good +fellow of my own age, with no fault but his rash love of uselessly +braving the perils of the ocean, had often been warned of the fate that +would one day befall him. Once when a boy he had put to sea in his boat +when a fearful storm was raging, had been upset just off the point at +Monaco, and had been saved only by the gallantry of a sailor of the port +who had risked his own life in keeping his sovereign’s son afloat. In +October 1873 my unfortunate cousin bought at Plymouth an English sailing +yacht of 450 tons. He had a sailor’s contempt for steam, which he told +me was only fit for lubbers, when he came up and stayed with me at +Cambridge in November to see the “fours.” He explained to me then that +he had got a bargain, that he had bought his yacht for one-third her +value, and that he was picking up a capital crew of thirty men. He had +no need to buy yachts for a third their value, for he was rich enough and +to spare, having enjoyed the large fortune of his mother from the time he +came of age. She was a Mérode, and vast forests in Belgium—part of +Soignies for instance—belonged to him. His wife had her own fortune of +four and a half million francs, bringing her in about seven thousand +pounds a year, so he was able to spend all his money on himself. He did +not spend it on his dress, for when he came to Cambridge and was +introduced to Dr. Thompson, he neither had a dress suit to dine in at the +lodge, nor a black morning coat to put on for hall, where his rough +pea-jacket scandalised the “scouts.” He sailed from Plymouth in +November, and reached Monaco at the end of that month. In December he +made several excursions, in none of which did his father go to sea with +him, but on the 26th of January, as ill luck would have it, he tempted my +poor uncle to go with him for a three days’ cruise. It came on to blow +hard that night, and nothing was ever heard of them again. Great was the +excitement at Monaco on the 27th and 28th, but on the 29th the worst was +known, as a telegram from Genoa informed the unfortunate old princess—who +has all her faculties at the age of eighty-six—that her son and grandson +were both numbered with the dead, for one of the boats of the rotten +yacht had been fallen in with by a fishing vessel floating empty in mid +sea. + +The Conseil d’Etat was at once called together by the Governor General, +and the little boy of the Princess Marie proclaimed by their order at the +market-place. A proclamation was posted in the town the moment the +sitting ended, declaring the joint regency of the dowager princess and of +Baron Imberty. A telegram was sent to Princess Marie, who was staying +with her child at Nice, informing her of her husband’s death and of the +accession of her son, and begging that she would the next day confide the +little Duc de Valentinois to the deputation of the councillors of state +and of the officers of guards, who would reach Nice by train at noon. +She was in the same despatch assured that on the death of the old dowager +princess she should succeed her in the regency, but for family reasons on +which I need not enlarge, she was requested not on this occasion to +accompany her son. + +All this I learnt by a telegram from the baron; I, as the son of the +sister of the late prince, having now become most unexpectedly next heir +to the throne of Monaco. I had no idea of the possibility of my ever +being called upon to succeed a healthy boy of six, and gave the matter no +thought but one of regret at the death of my gallant cousin Albert, who +in the Prussian war had proved his courage in the French navy, while I, +had I been older, should have had to have fought upon the other side, my +father having been a prince of Wurtemberg. + +I was thoroughly English in my ways. My father, a man of wide and +liberal views, disliking “professors” as much as Mr. Disraeli does, and +especially distrusting Prussian pedagogues, had sent me to Eton and to +Trinity. At Eton I had lived rather with the King’s scholars than with my +more natural allies, and had imbibed some views at which my poor father +would have groaned. When I went up to Cambridge my friendships were in +King’s rather than in Third Trinity, and my opinions were those now +popular among spectacled undergraduates, namely, universal negation. I +even joined First Trinity Boat Club, instead of Third, because the +gentlemen of the latter were too exclusive for my princely tastes. + +During my four years at Cambridge I had rowed in First Trinity Second. I +had heard at the Union Mr. Seeley defend the Commune, and oppose a motion +declaring it innocent because it did not go on to express the “love and +affection” with which that body was regarded by the University. I had +supported a young fellow of Trinity when he showed that the surplus funds +of the Union Society should be applied to the erection of statues of +Mazzini in all the small villages of the West of England—a motion which I +believe was carried, but neutralized by the fact that the Union Society +possessed no surplus funds. I had also had the inestimable advantage of +attending the lectures of Professor Fawcett on the English poor laws. I +had, by the way, almost forgotten the most amusing of all the Union +episodes of my time, which was the rising of Mr. Dilke of Trinity Hall, +Sir Charles Dilke’s brother—but a man of more real talent than his +brother, although, if possible, a still more lugubrious speaker—to move +that his brother’s portrait, together with that of Lord Edmond +Fitzmaurice, the communist brother of a Marquis and a congenial spirit, +should be suspended in the committee room to watch over the deliberations +of that body, because, forsooth, they had happened to be president and +vice-president of the Society at a moment when the new buildings were +begun out of the subscriptions of such very different politicians as the +Prince of Wales, the Duke of Devonshire, and Lord Powis. Mr. Dilke and +his radicals were sometimes in a majority and sometimes in a minority at +the Union, and the portraits of the republican lord and baronet went up +on the wall or down under the table accordingly, Mr. Willimott, the +valued custodian of the rooms, carrying out the orders of both sides with +absolute impartiality. + +Fired with the enthusiasm of my party and of my age, I had subscribed to +the Woman’s Suffrage Association, to Mr. Bradlaugh’s election expenses, +to the Anti-Game-Law Association, and to the Education League. My +reading was less one-sided than my politics, and my republicanism was +tempered by an unwavering worship of “Lothair.” Mr. Disraeli was my +admiration as a public man—a Bismarck without his physique and his +opportunities—but then in politics one always personally prefers one’s +opponents to one’s friends. As a republican, I had a cordial aversion +for Sir Charles Dilke, a clever writer, but an awfully dull speaker, who +imagines that his forte is public speaking, and who, having been brought +up in a set of strong prejudices, positively makes a merit to himself of +never having got over them. This he calls “never changing his opinions.” +For Mr. Gladstone I had the ordinary undergraduate detestation. There +are no liberals at Cambridge. We were all rank republicans or champions +of right divine. + +The 31st of January was a strange day in my history. On entering my +rooms in my flannels, hot from the boats, and hurrying for hall, I saw a +telegram upon the table. I tore it open. + + “_The Governor-General_, _Monaco_; + _to_ + _His Serene Highness Prince Florestan_, + + _Trinity College_, + _Cambridge_.” + +“His Serene Highness!” Surely a mistake! I read on. + + “This morning at noon his Serene Highness the reigning prince was + committed by the princess his mother to the care of M. Henri de + Payan, at Nice. The princess being nervous about railway accidents, + the departure for Monaco took place by road. The carriage conveying + his Serene Highness and M. de Payan was drawn by four horses. Turbie + was reached without mishap, but half-way between Turbie and + Roquebrune, at a sharp turn in the road, the horses took fright, and + the coachman, in avoiding the precipice, threw the carriage upon the + rocks on the mountain side of the road. His Serene Highness was + thrown on his head and killed on the spot. Your Serene Highness is + now reigning prince of Monaco, and will be proclaimed to-night after + the meeting of the Council of State by the style of Florestan II. + Lieutenant Gasignol, of the guard, will proceed at once to England + and meet your Serene Highness at any spot which your Highness may + please to indicate. M. de Payan escaped without a scratch.” + +Prince of Monaco! Prince of Monaco. And I had seen Lafont in _Rabagas_! +I was not a “milk-and-water Rabagas,” as Mr. Cole called Mr. Lowe, when +all the papers reported him to have said “milk-and-water Rabelais,” and +the _Spectator_ mildly wondered at the strangeness of the comparison. +No, but I was somewhat of a milk-and-water Prince of Monaco after Lafont. +What distinction! What carriage! If the princes of the earth were only +like the princes of the stage, there would be no republicans. But then, +fortunately, they are not. “Fortunately!” and I one of them. What am I +saying? + +Poor little fellow! How sad for his young mother too. A reigning prince +for nineteen hours, and that outside of his own dominions and at the age +of six. A strange world! and a strange world, for me too. A +half-Protestant, half-free-thinking, republican, German, Cambridge +undergraduate, suddenly called to rule despotically over a Catholic and +Italian people. My succession, at least, would be undisputed. No one +had ever vowed that I “should never ascend the throne—without a protest.” +One of the Grimaldis had a claim which was no doubt a just one, my +respected great uncle having been probably a usurper; but Marshal +MacMahon and the Duc de Broglie would, I well knew, support me, +preferring even a German prince at Monaco to an Italian. My succession, +I repeat, was undisputed; but if anybody had taken the trouble to dispute +it, I can answer for it that they would have been cheated out of their +amusement, for I should willingly have resigned to their charge so +burdensome a toy. I was that which the republican mayor of Birmingham, +Mr. Joseph Chamberlain, in his jocular speech proposing the Prince of +Wales’ health at the mayor’s banquet, said that one of his friends had +been trying by argument to make the Prince—with, “as yet,” only “partial +success”—a republican King. I would have gone only to Monaco to proclaim +the republic had I not known that the strange despotism—presided over not +as a despotism should be by one clever despot, but by two stupid despots, +the Dukes of Magenta and Broglie—which is called the French republic, +would not permit the creation of a small model for herself in the middle +of her commune of Roquebrune. + +I was not sorry to leave Cambridge. My rooms in the new court overlooked +Caius, where they had typhoid fever; and between the fear of infection +and the noise of the freshmen’s wines in Trinity Hall, I was beginning to +have enough of Cambridge. My bedmaker and tutor were the only people to +whom I bid goodbye. The men were all in hall and out at wines, and I +left notes for my friends instead of looking them up in their rooms. I +caught my tutor as he was going into hall. I told him of the news, and I +could see the idea of an invitation for next winter to the castle at +Monaco pass through his mind as he assured me that my rule would be a +blessing to my country, and that nothing could better fit me for a +sceptre than the training of an English gentleman. He added, with a +return of the grim humour of a don, that he supposed that as a sovereign +prince I need scarcely “take an _exeat_.” My poor old bed-maker, who had +read the telegram in my absence from my room, called me “your imperial +majesty” three times while she packed my shirts, but in half-an-hour I +was off to London; and on the evening of the 3rd of February I met M. de +Payan and Lieutenant Gasignol by appointment at the Grand Hotel at Paris. + +From M. de Payan I obtained my first accurate ideas as to the State of +Monaco. I found that I was not more independent under the supremacy of +France than is the Emperor William independent under the domination of +Prince von Bismarck. I had not only the Code Napoléon, and a Council of +State dressed in exact copies of their Versailles namesakes, but French +custom-house officers levying French custom-house duties in my dominions. +At the beginning of our conversation I had said to M. de Payan, “Between +ourselves, and fearing though I do that like Charles I. of England I may +be committing high treason against myself, I feel bound to tell you that +my only ideas of my principality are derived from M. Sardou’s _Rabagas_.” + +Why is it that inhabitants of small and isolated communities never can +see a joke? M. de Payan, slightly drawing himself up and speaking with +as much stiffness as he could assume towards his prince, gravely answered +me, “Your Serene Highness is not aware, I presume, that _Rabagas_ was a +satire directed against France in her decline, and not against your +Highness’s principality.” + +M. Sardou wasting his hours on satirising Monaco. I will never joke +again, I said to myself, unless I should suffer the modern fate of kings +and be deposed. + +“M. de Payan,” I replied, “I am aware of what you say, and I was joking.” + +“We have no Gambettas at Monaco, your Highness; that is all I meant.” + +“Perhaps, Sir, the country would be happier if you had. Rabagas was not +Gambetta, but Emile Olivier—not the man who never despaired of France, +but the man who sacrificed his opinions to his advancement. I admire M. +Gambetta, who is at this moment the first man in France, in my +estimation, and the second political man in Europe. His figure will +stand out in history, daubed as even it is with the mud that French +politicians are ceaselessly flinging at each other.” + +“M. Gambetta is, as your Serene Highness says, a man of extraordinary +powers; but his father was a tradesman at Cahors, and is retired and +lives at Nice, near your Serene Highness’s dominions.” + +What more could I say? There was nothing to be made of M. de Payan. + +On the 5th of February I reached Nice by the express, and after reading +the telegram which announced the return of Mr. Gladstone by a discerning +people as junior colleague to a gin distiller, was presented with an +address by the Gambettist mayor at the desire of the legitimist préfêt. +The mayor, being a red-hot republican in politics but a carriage-builder +by trade, lectured me on the drawbacks of despotism in his address, but +informed me in conversation afterwards that he had had the honour of +building a Victoria for Prince Charles Honoré—which was next door to +giving me his business card. The address, however, also assumed that the +Princes of Monaco were suffered only by Providence to exist in order that +the trade of Nice, the nearest large French town, might thrive. + +In the evening at four we reached the station at Monaco, which was decked +with the white flags of my ancestors. What a pity, was my thought, that +M. de Chambord should not be aware that if he would come to stay with me +at the castle he would live under the white flag to which he is so much +attached all the days of his life. My reception was enthusiastic. The +guards, in blue uniforms not unlike the Bavarian, but with tall shakoes +instead of helmets, and similar to that which during the stoppage of the +train at Nice I had rapidly put on, were drawn up in line to the number +of thirty-nine—one being in hospital with a wart on his thumb, as M. de +Payan told me. What an admirable centralisation that such a detail +should be known to every member of the administration! Two drummers +rolled their drums French fashion. In front of the line were four +officers, of whom—one fat; Baron Imberty; the Vicar General; and Père +Pellico of the Jesuits of the Visitation, brother as I already knew to +the celebrated Italian patriot, Silvio Pellico, of dungeon and spider +fame. + +“Where is M. Blanc?” I cried to M. de Payan, as we stopped, seeing no one +not in uniform or robes. + +“M. Blanc,” said M. de Payan, severely, “though a useful subject of your +Highness is neither a member of the household of your Highness, a soldier +of His army, nor a functionary of His government. M. Blanc is in the +crowd outside.” + +Had I ventured to talk slang to M. de Payan, of whom I already stood in +awe, I should have replied, “Elle est _salée_, celle là; puisque sans M. +Blanc mon pays ne marcherait pas.” But I held my tongue. + +I have seen many amusing sights in the course of my short life. I have +seen an Anglican clergyman dance the cancan—I have seen Lord Claud +Hamilton, the elder, address the English House of Commons—I have watched +with breathless interest the gesticulations of French orators in the +tribune of the Assembly, when not a word could reach my ears through the +din of Babel that their colleagues made. But the oddest sight I ever saw +was the bow with which Colonel Jacquemet, conscious even at the glorious +moment that history would not forget his name, assured me that “the +devoted army of a Gallant and a Glorious Prince would follow him to the +death, when Honour led and Duty called.” + +At this moment Père Pellico slipped round to my side and said, “A word +with your Highness. A most unfortunate report has got abroad that your +Highness is a heretic. What is to be done?” + +“I very much fear I am,” I replied. + +“But surely your Highness has never formally joined a Protestant body?” + +“Protestant? Oh, no. I am a freethinker; a follower of Strauss rather +than of Dr. Cumming.” + +“How your Highness has relieved my mind! Only a freethinker—but that is +nothing. I feared that possibly your Highness might have suffered a +perversion to some of the many schisms.” He bowed and hurried off into +the town, while taking the arm of Baron Imberty I said, “Introduce me to +M. Blanc.” + +“Your Highness wishes that M. Blanc should be presented to your Highness, +but there are three hundred and ten or three hundred and twenty gentlemen +who take precedence of M. Blanc. Nevertheless, your Highness has only to +command.” + +“Well, then, touch my arm as we pass him in the crowd, and I will speak +to him informally.” + +My ideas of etiquette would have horrified Madame von Biegeleben, the +lady-in-waiting to my poor mother; still, I was improving already, as may +be seen. + +As we left the station building a little man in black, who when he is +twenty years older will be as like M. Thiers in person as he already is +in tact, in power of talk, and in the combination of a total absence of +fixed opinions with a decided manner, made a low bow, accompanied with +the shrewdest smile that I had seen. + +“That,” I said, halting before him, “is M. Blanc. I am glad to have so +early an opportunity of commencing an acquaintance, which I hope to +improve.” + +“Your Serene Highness does me too much honour.” + +Thus I passed the man who played Haussmann to my Emperor, but who had the +additional advantage which the costly baron of demolishing memory +certainly did not possess, of being a magnificent source of revenue to my +state. + +Mounting the really fine horse that they had sent me down, and escorted +by the sixteen mounted carbineers (who do police duty on foot in ordinary +times at Monte Carlo and in the town), I rode off at a sharp trot by the +winding road. + +“Will your Serene Highness graciously please to go at a walk, for +otherwise the guards will not have time to get up by the military road +and to form again to receive your Highness at the _Place_.” + +I did as I was bid, of course. Bouquets of violets were showered on me +as we passed through the narrow street, and the scene on the public +square in front of the castle was really fine. The sun was setting in +glory over the Mediterranean in the west; on the north the Alpes +Monégasques were beginning to take the deep red glow which nightly in +that glorious climate they assume. On the east the palms at Monte Carlo +stood out sharply against the deep still blue sky, and in the far +distance the great waves of the ground swell were rolling in upon the +coast towards Mentone and the Italian frontier, with thousands of bright +white sea-gulls speckling the watery hills with dots of light. At the +palace gate I was received by the old dowager princess. She bent and +kissed my hand. I threw my arms round her neck and kissed her on both +cheeks. + +“That was kindly meant, Highness,” she said, “but your Serene Highness is +now the reigning prince, and in the presence of the mob your dignity must +be kept up.” + +Passing the two great Suisses who, arrayed in gala costume, stood +magnificently at the gate—but whose wages I afterwards discovered were +supplemented by showing my bedroom when I was out to English tourists at +a franc a head—we entered the grand courtyard, ascended the great stairs, +and passed straight into the reception hall known as the Salle Grimaldi. +There, standing on a dais, opposite to the magnificent fireplace and +chimney-piece, with the baron at my side, I held a levee, and received +the vicar-general, père de Don; the curé of the cathedral, l’abbé Ramin; +the chevalier de Castellat, vice-president of the council of state; the +chevalier Voliver, member of council of state, and president of the +council of public education; the Marquis de Bausset-Roquefort, president +of the high court of justice and member of the council of state; the +treasurer-general, M. Lombard; Monsignore Theuret, the first almoner of +the household; Monsignore Ciccodicola, the honorary almoner; Colonel the +Vicomte de Grandsaigne, my first aide-de-camp; Major Pouget d’Aigrevaux, +commandant of the palace; the two attachés of M. de Payan in his office +of secretary-general, MM. Stephen Gastaldi and John Blanchi; my doctor, +M. Coulon, a leading member of the council of education, and evidently a +most intelligent man; the curés of the six smaller churches; the five +professors of the Jesuit college of La Visitation; three aides-de-camp; +the chef du cabinet; the chamberlain himself, who had introduced the +others; and four officers of guards and one of carbineers, in addition to +Colonel Jacquemet, whom I have already named. No conversation took +place, and the presentations being over in five minutes, I got out in the +garden before dark for a quiet stroll by myself before dinner. + +I was struck by the scene. The tall palms, the giant tree geraniums +blooming in masses down the great cliffs to the very edge of the dark +blue sea, the feathery mimosas, the graceful pepper trees laden with +crimson berries, the orange grove, the bananas fruiting and flowering at +the same time, the passion flowers climbing against the rugged old castle +walls, all were new to me—unused to the south, and brought up in +Buckinghamshire, in Cambridgeshire, and in central Germany. The scene +saddened me, I know not why, and I asked myself whether, with the odd +combination of my opinions and my position, I could be of any use in the +world except to bring Monarchy into contempt. Here was I, a freethinker, +called upon to rule a people of bigoted Catholics through a Jesuit +father—for I had already seen that Père Pellico was the real vice-king. +Here was I, an ardent partisan of the doctrine of individuality, placed +suddenly at the head of the most centralized administration in the world. +What was to be done? Reform it? Yes, but no reformer has so ill a time +of it as a reforming prince. Sadly I went in to a sad dinner +_tête-à-tête_ with my crape-covered great aunt in a gloomy room, and so +to bed, convinced that unhappiness may co-exist with the possession of a +hall porter as big as Mrs. Bischoffsheim’s. + +The next morning when I dreamily called for my coffee there was brought +to me along with it a gigantic envelope sealed with soft wax stamped with +my arms, and containing a terrific despatch of twenty-three pages. +“Rapport Hebdomadaire.” “Weekly report” of what, I asked myself. Why, I +have but five thousand subjects—the same number that Octavia Hill rules +in Marylebone with such success. I began to read. + + “On Monday night a man named Marsan called the carbineer Fissori a + fool. He was not arrested (see Order No. 1142 and correspondence 70, + 10, 102), but a private report was addressed to the Council of State, + on which the Secretary General decided to recommend that Marsan + should be watched for a week; referred to the Sub-Committee on Public + Order.” + + “M. Blanc on Tuesday visited the tunnel in the commune of Turbie + (France) by which he hopes to obtain an additional water supply for + the Casino. As M. Blanc had not had the courtesy to inform the + secretarial office of his excursion it was impossible to send an + agent to obtain details of what took place.” + +So on for twenty and more pages, the last informing me of the names of +the fishing boats that had come in and gone out, of the time of sunrise, +and of the fact that a private in my guards had caught a cold in his +head. + +It was unbearable. These formalities should be suppressed at once. The +administration should be decentralised. I rang and sent to the +secretarial office for M. de Payan. I addressed him thus:— + +“I gather from this tedious document that my principality of five +thousand persons possesses every appliance and every excrescence of +civilized government except a parliament. The perfection of bureaucracy +and of red tape has been reached in a territory one mile broad and five +miles long. No doubt centralisation is less hurtful than it is elsewhere +in a country so small that it is virtually all centre, but I intend that +this state of things (for which you are in no way responsible) shall +cease. In the first place kindly inform me of the facts. What are the +expenses and what are the revenues of the state, and what is the number +of its officials?” + +“There are, Sir,” he answered, “including your household and the officers +of your guards, one hundred and twenty-six functionaries in Monaco. +There are sixty soldiers and carbineers, and there are one hundred and +fifty unpaid consular and diplomatic representatives of Monaco abroad.” + +“How many servants have I in all, including stable men?” + +“Twenty-five.” + +“Then you mean to say that there are three hundred and sixty-one persons +employed under the crown for a population of thirteen hundred male +inhabitants of full age?” + +“Yes, Sir, and M. Blanc employs on his works and at the Casino eight +hundred of the remainder.” + +This was a startling state of things, but I soon found out that, as +Colonel Jacquemet had used his men twice over on my arrival, so we used +our politicians twice or thrice, politicians being happily scarce with +us. Many posts were filled by one man, a plan which has its advantages +as well as its drawbacks, the advantages predominating in a country where +there are eleven hundred and sixty posts to fill and only thirteen +hundred grown male inhabitants. + +To give you an idea of the way in which we used our men, Baron Imberty, +our Governor-General for instance, was also President of the Council of +State, Chancellor of the Order of St. Charles, President of the Maritime +Council, President of the Board of Public Works, President of the Bureau +de Bienfaisance, etc. etc. + +Thanks to M. Blanc and his gambling establishment, and thanks to the +large private fortune of my family, the finances of Monaco were in a +flourishing position. Prince Charles had had half a million of francs a +year of private fortune and of revenue from the gambling tables. My +cousin Albert had had three hundred thousand francs a year. I +consequently had eight hundred thousand francs of private fortune, or +£32,000 a year, out of which I could easily keep up the palace, the +stables, and, if I chose, a powerful steam yacht, together with my +cousin’s house in Belgium as a summer residence. The cost of the +government for army, church, education, and justice, was two hundred +thousand francs a year. Public works were dealt with liberally by M. +Blanc as a part of his “concession.” The ordinary revenue was derived +from four sources, each contributing about an equal share. These were:— + + I. The payment of the Government of France for half the value of the + tobacco sold in the principality on behalf of the French _régie_. + + II. The payment of France for customs collected by France in my ports. + + III. The payment by the “Paris, Lyons, Méditerranée” Railway for right + of passage. + + IV. Our only local tax, one on all lands and houses changing hands. + +The total receipts were two hundred thousand francs, or about the same as +the total expense of government. + +I dismissed M. de Payan; and without telling anyone where I was going I +walked up to the Casino by myself. + +I was little known by sight at present in the town, as those who had seen +me enter it in uniform and on horseback the day before would hardly +recognize me in deep mourning and on foot. I passed unnoticed by the +guards, and on reaching the Casino, hot and dusty, was stopped by one of +the employés of the bank, I said, “Take me to M. Blanc.” + +Under similar circumstances the Prince of Wales is introduced as “Captain +White,” but then he is not a _sovereign_ prince; and I preferred to give +no name at all than to assume an alias. + +I found him literally “a counting out his money.” That is to say, two +clerks were counting rouleaus of gold while he at a small table was +quietly playing patience with two packs of cards. At a bureau was a +third clerk, an Englishman, translating into French for his benefit one +of Mr. Bagehot’s leaders in the _Economist_. + +He knew me at once, although he had seen me but for a moment and in a +wholly different dress. Bowing low, and speaking not to me but to his +clerks, he said, “Qu’on nous laisse.” The moment they had left the room +he bowed to the ground again, and said, “Ah monseigneur, votre +seigneurerie me fait trop d’honneur! J’allais écrire à monsieur le +chambellan pour lui demander de vouloir bien solliciter une audience en +mon nom, afin de déposer mes respectueux hommages aux pieds de votre +Altesse. Elle me comble en venant chez moi incognito.” + +M. Blanc, whose appearance I described before, is well known to gambling +Europe as a distinguished political economist, the keeper of the greatest +“hell” on earth, and the loving father of a pair of pretty and +accomplished daughters, living upon roulette, but himself innocent +nowadays of all games but the mildest patience—of which he knows sixty +kinds. At Monaco he is more than a public character: he is a benefactor +and a prince. Attacks may be made upon gambling establishments even +conducted as his is, but I am disposed to agree with the Jesuit fathers +of the Visitation that the Monaco roulette—forbidden to the inhabitants +of Monaco and of the neighbouring parts of France—does not do much harm +to anyone, although I could hardly go with Père Pellico so far as to +prohibit the building of a Protestant church while he tolerates a “hell,” +and even permits his students to visit the musical portion of its rooms. +I had no wish in my proposed reforms to reform out of existence my +roulette revenue. I wished indeed to make good use of it; better use +than my predecessors had done. I wanted to make of Monaco a Munich and a +Dresden all in one. I would have a gallery of the greatest modern +pictures—great ancient ones are not now to be obtained—a magnificent +orchestra, a theatre of the first rank; art, in short, of all kind of the +highest class by which to raise the culture of my people, who, excluded +from the gambling side of the Casino by a wise ordinance of my +predecessor, would reap the benefit without drinking the poison of the +roulette. + +I found M. Blanc’s mind running upon the question of whether English +families would be most attracted to Monaco by pigeon-shooting or by an +English church. The church he fancied most, but owing to the opposition +of Père Pellico it would have to be built upon the hill a mile off from +the Casino, in the territory of France. + +“I will authorise you to disregard Père Pellico’s bigotry, and to build +it where you please,” I cried. + +M. Blanc smiled, and said, “If your Serene Highness will excuse me, I had +sooner not go against the Jesuits.” + +I wasn’t king in my own country, as it appeared. Expel the Jesuits, the +tempter within me suggested; but then I wasn’t Bismarck, and I hadn’t a +“national liberal” party at my back. + +I rapidly exposed my views to M. Blanc. I was much struck by the fact +that his practical mind insisted on viewing my reforms as questions not +of principles but of men. + +“You have no men to back you,” he kept saying; “and if you turn out your +present set and get some clever Germans you will be deposed.” He had +dropped the excessive formality of speech with which he had begun. +Several times he used the phrase, “Dr. Coulon is the only man you have.” +Then, after thinking for a time, “What do you propose to gain by your +reforms? You are rich. Your people are contented. Why trouble +yourself? As for works of art, as for theatre, as for orchestra, these +things are matters of money, and I will do my best to help. I am not +sure that as a mere investment they will not pay, and at all events I +will do my best to make them do so; but as for your reforms of army, +church, and education that you talk about, I beg your Highness to leave +it all alone. The shares in the bank will fall ten per cent. when it is +known. My shares here are like the funds at Paris, they hate liberty. +The less liberty, the higher they stand. It is just the same at Paris. +Suppress a journal, and the _rente_ rise a franc. Suppress all the +journals, and they would rise five francs! Suppress the Assembly, and +they would rise ten! Does your Serene Highness take part in +pigeon-shooting?” + +Making nothing of M. Blanc, except as to art matters, I returned slowly +to the Castle, where I found the Council of State assembled to take the +oaths. + +I chatted with the members of the Council, but arranged to develope my +plans in the first place to a few carefully-selected individuals. I +fixed hours at which I would receive M. de Payan; Dr. Coulon; the curé of +the cathedral; l’abbé Ramin; Père Pellico; and Colonel Jacquemet; after +seeing the Governor General, Baron Imberty, and talking matters over with +him. Baron Imberty I only saw because not to see him would be to pass a +slight upon him; but I had no hope of help from him, and none from +Colonel Jacquemet. From Père Pellico I knew that I should meet with +opposition, and I received him only to see how strong and of what nature +the opposition would be. I built my hopes upon M. de Payan, Dr. Coulon, +and l’abbé Ramin. + +To Baron Imberty I said only that I contemplated a reform in the army, a +gradual liberation of the church from state control, and the +re-organization of the schools. He answered that my wish was law, but +that the church was very well as she stood. + +To Colonel Jacquemet I explained in detail my military re-organization +scheme, which was the best of my reforms. I pointed out to him that his +force of forty men, now reduced to thirty-eight by the unfortunate wart +and cold, was only preserved from becoming the laughing-stock of Europe +by its exceptional discipline and courage. It was absolutely necessary +for me to say this or he would have had a fit upon the spot. I directed +that a list should be prepared of all the male inhabitants aged from +sixteen to thirty, and numbering, as I calculated, about eight hundred. +That of them those physically fit—some six hundred, as I should +suppose—were to receive drill, and ultimately uniforms. The gallant +forty men were to become sergeants, corporals, and inferior officers of +the new national regiment. Captain Ruggeri and Lieutenant Gasignol were +named its majors, and Lieutenants Plati and De la Rosière the senior +captains. Four other captains were to be selected from among the +privates and non-commissioned officers of the guard. The new levy was to +be unpaid, and the only increased expense would be the uniforms and +rifles, and at first the additional pay of the ten new officers. As +vacancies occurred in company officers they were to be filled up by +election by the company, but the majors were to be appointed by the +colonel. The cost of the uniforms and arms I proposed to meet by selling +for old iron our twenty magnificent, but useless pieces of old artillery. +Modern artillery for the fortress I proposed to provide out of my private +income, and as defence of the town was our only possible service, of +field artillery I decided to have none. The night sentry duty at the +palace was to be performed by the paid sergeants only, and the regiment +was to parade but once a week. I could see that Colonel Jacquemet did +not like it, but he bowed and left the room. + +My next interview was with M. de Payan. He heartily concurred in my army +reform, and said that no measure could be better for the country, +educationally, than my plan of universal service of this limited +character. When I came to talk of church reforms, however, M. de Payan +was very cold and hard to fire. He advised me to talk the matter over +with the curé, l’abbé Ramin, a most moderate man, and to beware of Father +Pellico. From this negative position I could not move him. + +The curé was my next visitor. He also agreed heartily in the wisdom of +my army reform. He listened without dissent to my proposal for the +gradual cessation of the small grant to the priests, including that to +himself. On the other hand, when I spoke about the necessity of +procuring lay teachers for the schools, he began to weep. I changed the +subject, and when I allowed him to leave the room he said, with a +singularly sweet smile, that he would go with my reforms as far as he +could, that so just a man as my Highness would not harm his country, that +God would watch over his church. I was touched by Abbé Ramin. + +Dr. Coulon was then shown in. A man of intellect, as I could see at the +first glance. I set before him my army reform, and he was delighted with +it. I touched upon the separation of church and state, and he said that +it was not hard to be done at Monaco—in name, that is, but difficult +indeed to be done in fact. Still he supposed the name of separation was +what I wanted, and the gradual cessation of the stipends, which would put +Monaco in accord with the modern movement. I then referred to education. + +He shook his head, and answered, “I should be your Highness’s sole +supporter, and I am a materialist, and only tolerated here on account of +my medical skill, and placed on the Council of Education because, as I am +not in the habit of running my head against stone walls, I always side +with the Jesuits.” + +I insisted on the vast improvement in the standard of secular education +to be expected from the introduction of highly trained lay teachers, and +said that the priests should be absolutely free to teach the children out +of school hours. + +His reply was a singular one, and shook me. + +“Your Highness is a democrat,” he said. “How then can your Highness +impose your will in this matter upon a people who are unanimous? If your +Highness wishes to escape individual responsibility for the existence of +the present state of things, your Highness can dissolve the council of +state and institute an elective parliament. That parliament would +consist, let us say, of twelve members. If so, eleven would be priests +or Jesuits, and the twelfth M. Blanc of the Casino—a body which would +resemble in complexion some of the school boards in your Highness’s +favourite England. Your Highness has a heavy task, and if that task be +persevered in, I fear that the state of your Highness’s nerves will be +such as to require my prescriptions.” + +He was very free in his conversation, the old doctor, but it was a +pleasing change after Baron Imberty and M. de Payan; not but what Abbé +Ramin had much attracted me. + +I did my best to charm Père Pellico. I courted him as my other subjects +courted me. He was expansive in manner; but I am not a fool, and though +only twenty-four, I knew enough of human nature to see that there was +another Père Pellico underneath the smiling case-work which talked to me. +To my military reform he had no objection, provided I exempted Jesuit +students from service. I answered that I would exempt all those at +present in Monaco, to which he replied that he feared then that I should +never have the pleasure of seeing any others. I thought to myself “here +is”—but Père Pellico smiled and slowly spoke again. + +“Your Highness was thinking, I venture to imagine, that that would be an +additional reason for hurrying your military reform. But I must crave +the pardon of your Highness for speaking except in reply to your +Highness. I have not the habit of courts.” + +I spoke then of the Church; he was indifferent—the salaries of his four +professors could easily be got from Italy. I then touched upon +education. + +Père Pellico, to my astonishment, exclaimed, “But on the contrary; my +opinions are not different from those of your Highness. They are the +same. But as a democrat I do not venture, although I may be wrong, to +force them upon the people.” + +Here was a change of base. + +“If I were your Highness,” he continued, “I would dismiss the Council of +State and call an elected parliament to frame a constitution. That would +be a more regular method of proceeding than limiting your own prerogative +by the exercise of that very prerogative itself.” + +“Father,” I replied, “is not the country somewhat small for the +complicated machinery of parliament?” + +“Why then not try a Plebiscite, ‘yes’ or ‘no,’ upon certain written +propositions, as in Zurich?” + +“How liberal a politician can afford to be when he has the people with +him,” I thought to myself as I bowed out Father Pellico. + +For the next three weeks, until the end of February, things went smoothly +with me. My great aunt bothered me so to marry a “nice steady young lady +who would maintain the dignity of the Court, check the extravagance of +the steward, and count the linen,” that I got Dr. Coulon to tell her that +she would die unless she removed to Nice. She preferred a short remove +to a long one, and took herself off to my great relief. She was a very +fussy, but a clever and a really good old lady. My army reform went well +enough, and the church edict was fulminated without meeting with +opposition. I bought, through Mr. Gambart, who often came to Nice, a +charming Leighton and a glorious Watts, and a fine Verboeckhoven from M. +Blanc, as a beginning of the public collection. I moved the councils to +the palace, and fitted up the public offices thus rendered vacant as my +museum. I got M. Lucas at the Casino to improve his already admirable +orchestra, to start a free school for instrumental music, and to play +once a week in the town of Monaco instead of at Monte Carlo. I wrote to +M. Gounod, whom I had the honour to count among my friends, to offer him +the Louis Quinze rooms beyond the Chambre d’York, at the north-west +corner of the Castle, with the most lovely view in both directions, and +the prettiest decorations to my mind in all the palace, if he would come +and stay with me as a permanent visitor, and countenance our musical +efforts. I founded a school for modelling in clay, a class in decorative +art which I taught myself, and I made the arrangements for the reception +of a troop of actors in the winter, and for the production of Gounod’s +“Jeanne d’Arc”—a piece which was suggested by Père Pellico. In the +palace itself I made many improvements. Of the Chambre d’York I left +nothing but the pretty mosaic floor, but the room itself, which had been +gilt from top to bottom, bed and all, by my great-grandfather to take out +the taste of the Great French Revolution, during which the palace had +been a poor-house, I turned into a meeting room for the Council of State. +My steam yacht had come with a temporary crew of English tars, and my two +great 15-inch 60-ton Krupp guns—one for the terrace, seawards, and one +for the garden, landwards—were ordered. The “reports” had been +abolished; the nagging surveillance of the police had been abolished; the +Church establishment had been abolished; and I then had nothing left to +abolish but myself, the abolition of myself being a measure from which I +shrank although, like King Leopold, I was ready to go if my subjects +wished it. + +The only one of my reforms which was really popular was the national +army, which afforded all the young married men in the principality a +weekly holiday away from their wives. But Major Gasignol, who had a +“soul above buttons,” used on parade when he was acting as adjutant to +take an opportunity of reminding me of the days of glory when one of my +ancestors, Grimaldi II., about the time of the Norman conquest of +England, had delivered at Rome the Pope from the forces of no less a +personage than the Emperor. + +All this time, however, my education scheme and my substitution of an +elective for a nominated council were in abeyance, the first on account +of Père Pellico’s opposition, the second I might almost say on account of +his support. + +Dr. Coulon, consulted by me, often used to say, “Why does not your +Highness throw the responsibility upon a parliament of leaving matters +where they are?” + +“But I wish to change them,” I as often replied. + +“I can understand that your Highness should wish to be thought to wish to +change them, but further than that point I can not follow your Highness.” + +I seriously thought of clapping Dr. Coulon into prison for his +impertinence, but then he was the only liberal in Monaco, and I was a +liberal prince. How I wished, though, that my uncle had not been such a +fool as to invite the Jesuits, harassed in Italy in 1862, to take refuge +in his dominions. + +I was no further advanced than my grandfather, Florestan I., who when +overtaken by the events of 1848, which lost him Mentone and Roquebrune, +contemplated a parliament, which however he never formed. It was a funny +constitution was that one which he posted on the walls, and over which I +had often mused. It had not gone further than being posted on the walls, +I should add, because my grandfather found that it would not bring back +Mentone, and as he was strong enough to keep Monaco with or without it he +had, very sensibly, put it in the fire. The 11th article of it was the +oddest:—“La presse sera libre, mais sujette à des lois répressives.” But +the first article gave the tone to the whole:—“The sole religion of the +State is the Catholic, Apostolic, Roman.” + +I strolled up the terraces of Monte Carlo, which always reminded me of +John Martin’s idea of heaven, and consulted M. Blanc. He was in +especially good humour that day, because “Madame Brisebanque” and “the +Maltese” had both been losing money. Still, when I talked of my +parliament and my education reform, he talked of “Jacob’s ladder” and of +other infallible systems of ruining him which never had any result except +that of beggaring their authors. He told me a long-winded story of how +at Homburg a company called “La Contrebanque” had won twenty-four days in +succession, and how on the twenty-fifth they had sent for a watchman and +an iron chest to guard their winnings, how that afternoon their secretary +had lost the whole capital in eighteen _coups_, and how the innocent +watchman had marched up and down all night religiously guarding an empty +chest. I tried to hark back to my subject, when off he went again at a +tangent, and told me how the day before on opening the “bienfaisance” +collection-box in the hall of the hotel they had found no money, but all +the letters of an American gentleman who had posted them there the year +before. Another of his anecdotes was of a lady who, having lost, had +eaten a thousand-franc note on a slice of bread and butter to improve her +luck. M. Blanc left the Casino in his carriage just after I had ridden +off, and without seeming to look I saw well enough out of the corner of +my eyes after he had passed me on the road, that the people uncovered to +him more universally and for a longer time than to myself. There was, +however, one difference between us—I returned the bows and he did not. + +I gave up M. Blanc and pursued my reforming course, abandoning, however, +the idea of a parliament and fearing to touch education. My government, +now in working order, resembled in no way that which you English think +the best of all possible polities—“constitutional monarchy”—which with +you appears to me to mean a democratic republic tempered by snobbism and +corruption. Mine was a socialistic autocracy, which, in spite of my +failure, I maintain to be the best of governments, provided only that you +can secure the best of autocrats. + +I had no one to back me in what I did. Major Gasignol and some of the +other officers were strongly favourable to the army reform, which gave +them service and promotion. Dr. Coulon was half favourable to my views, +and a quarter favourable to my ways of working them out in action. +L’Abbé Ramin was conciliatory and kind. M. de Payan was grimly neutral. +Every other functionary was an active, though veiled, enemy to +nine-tenths of my proposals. The people were abjectly passive, and I +almost wished that the auberge of the “_Crapaud Volant_” of _Rabagas_ had +had a real existence. At last, however, I conjured up the spirit to +found a school with lay teachers, arranging to pay its cost over and +above the expected fees out of my own purse. No one came to it, and the +Jesuit schools and the schools of the _frères de la doctrine_ continued +to be thronged. The Catholic schools were supported by the state. Mine +were supported by myself. I went a step further, and I offered Father +Pellico the alternatives of stopping the state contributions to all +schools, or of continuing them, provided that lay teachers only were +employed during the principal hours of the day. He coldly said that an +agreement of the nature proposed by me would be contrary to his duty, and +that if I chose to stop the state contributions to his schools the effect +of my action would be to shake my throne without harming them. He added +that if he was to go to prison he was at the service of my officer of the +guard. I replied that he was welcome to his opinion. + +The next day the edict appeared. It was countersigned by Baron Imberty, +who disapproved of it, but not by M. de Payan, who had resigned and left +for Nice to consult the Bishop. As I drove through the town in the +afternoon, I was coldly received by the people, and the proclamation was +torn down on the following night. The weekly parade of the militia was +put off for fear of a hostile demonstration; and on the day on which it +would have taken place I received, instead of the muster-roll of the +national regiment, a vote of thanks from the Executive Committee of the +English National Education League, and notice of my unanimous election to +membership of the Council of that body. + +A strange event occurred in the afternoon, (it was the 11th of March), to +distract my thoughts. General Garibaldi, who had been travelling +_incognito_, and with the permission of the French Government, given +conditionally on the _incognito_ being strictly preserved, to visit his +birthplace—Nice, applied to me to know whether I would receive him if he +stopped at Monaco for a day on his return. I replied that I should be +glad to see him, the more so as I had met his son Ricciotti at Greenwich +in June 1870, at the dinner of the Cobden Club, to which orgy he and I +had both been lured by the solicitations of the arch-gastronomist, the +jovial Mr. T. B. Potter. I did not add that our acquaintance had been +interrupted by the war in which the same clever and conceited officer had +cut up my cousin’s (the King of Wurtemberg) troops at +Châtillon-sur-Seine. + +On the 12th the old General came, and I met him at the station and drove +him to the palace. The news that he was with me soon spread through the +town, and a mob collected at the palace gates. The General, to whom I +had given the “bishop’s rooms,” which had once been occupied by +Monseigneur Dupanloup, his arch enemy, imagined that the crowd was +composed of his admirers, and, leaning upon his stick, he proceeded to +harangue them from the window of the private apartments. Some hundreds +of my subjects, I was afterwards informed, had listened to him languidly +enough until he began to attack the Jesuits, when arose the uproar which +brought me to his room, and all my household into the courtyard. I +begged him to remember where he was, but the howling of the mob had +excited the old lion, and the more they threatened the more violently he +declaimed. When he was pulled into a chair by Major Gasignol the +mischief was done, and a maddened crowd was raging on the _place_ crying +“à bas Garibaldi,” “à bas les Communistes,” “à bas le Prince.” + +Colonel Jacquemet made his way to me and said, “Sir, I can count on +twenty of the sergeants and corporals who are in the courtyard, +ex-soldiers of your Highness’s ex-garde. They are grand old soldiers, +and with the strong walls to help them will hold this _canaille_ in +check.” + +He might have said, “Sir, I don’t like your ways, and have disapproved of +everything that you have done, but after all you are the rightful Prince +of Monaco, as well as a good fellow, saving your Highness’s presence, and +I am ready to die for you.” He didn’t. He only spoke the words that I +have set down. + +My answer was an unhesitating one. + +“I, Prince Florestan the Reformer, am not going to hold my throne by +force if I can’t hold it by love; and, moreover, if I wished to do so it +is doubtful whether I could succeed.” + +As I spoke the crowd parted asunder, and I saw advancing through it in a +wedge the English blue-jackets from my yacht, armed with cutlasses. A +few stones were thrown at them, but of these they took not the smallest +notice. At their head was the captain of the port, a native Monegascan, +the very man who years before had saved my sailor cousin from the waves. +They entered the courtyard, and I at once asked them to make their way, +with General Garibaldi in the midst, back to the yacht, and steam with +him to Mentone, land him, and return. At the same time I sent for Father +Pellico. It was lucky the sailors had come, for I soon discovered that +the carbineers had made common cause with the mob, and that the sergeants +who were ready to die for me would not have escorted Garibaldi. + +The mob howled dismally as he left, but he was embarked safely just +before Father Pellico reached the palace gate. I told him that the +General had left, and asked him whether this concession would satisfy the +crowd. He asked whether I was prepared at the same time to give way +about the schools. I told him that if I thought that after doing so I +could continue to reign with advantage to the country and credit to +myself I would willingly give way, but that if he thought that in the +event of my abdication the public peace could be maintained until a vote +was taken to decide the future of the country, I should prefer to return +to my books and to my boat. He said that he hoped that I should stop, +but that if, on the other hand, I went he thought that order would be +maintained. + +I bowed to him and said, “Père Pellico, you may if you please occupy the +throne of the Grimaldis. I shall leave in an hour when the yacht +returns.” + +I went on to the balcony and attempted to address the crowd. If they +would have listened to a word I said I might have turned them, but not a +syllable could be heard. I could not “address my remarks to the +reporters,” because owing to the wise precautions of my predecessor with +regard to the press there were none. I retired amid a shower of small +stones. + +Colonel Jacquemet’s language was fearful to listen to. The air was thick +with his curses. I was reminded of the question of a little girl friend +of mine, who having been taken out one day to an inspection by the +Commander-in-Chief of the garrison of Portsmouth upon Southsea common, +asked on her return home if “the Duke of Cambridge wasn’t a very pious +man,” explaining that she had heard him “say his prayers”—alluding +doubtless to His Royal Highness’s favourite expression of “God bless my +body and soul!” If he had ever read history the colonel would have known +that the fire-eating d’Artagnan of “Three Musketeers” renown once +commanded the fortress of Monaco for Louis the Fourteenth, under my +ancestor the Marshal, and he might have been inspired by a desire to +emulate his fame, but, as it was, he seemed chiefly moved by a loathing +for his tattered fellow-subjects. He wanted to mow them with grape—of +which we had none; he wanted to blow them into the air—but to reason with +him was useless, and I was unable even to fix his attention enough to bid +him farewell. + +As I left the palace, surrounded by the tars and preceded and followed by +the sergeants of the ex-garde, Abbé Ramin came running up and seized me +by the hand. + +“Your Serene Highness must not leave us,” he cried; “the people are +irritated for a moment against their prince, but happier days will come.” + +“I can stop if I please, Abbé Ramin,” I replied, “but only either by +firing upon the people, or by blockading them and depriving the women and +children of the upper town of their daily bread. I will do neither.” + +“History will speak of your Highness as your Highness deserves!” + +“My dear friend—for I believe you are my only friend in Monaco—I thank +you for coming to bid me farewell, but don’t talk of history, for history +will only declare me to have been an obstinate young fool.” + +We moved off slowly down the hill amid the hisses of the crowd. The +sergeants formed square upon the quay, I embraced Colonel Jacquemet and +the Abbé, stepped into the gig, and in a minute was on board. Steam was +up, and the next evening I landed at Marseilles. + +By a telegram from the Abbé I learnt that an informal vote of the adult +male inhabitants of the principality had been taken that day, and that +the result was this:— + + For Annexation to France + + 1131—_Oui_. + 1—_Non_. + +The _Non_ was M. Blanc, who, being a Frenchman, ought not to have been +allowed to vote at all. I heard afterwards that on learning my departure +he had pronounced the following epitaph upon me:— + +“Ah le jeune homme est parti. Je m’y attendais. Il aimait la liberté +celui là.” + +The Casino is removed to Cairo, and M. Blanc’s eldest daughter is to +marry the Viceroy’s youngest son. + +My tutor at Cambridge received me with a solemn face; but I laughingly +exclaimed, “You see, Sir, after all I did want an _exeat_, even if an +_absit_ would not have done.” + +The only later news that I have to record is a letter from my friend +Gambetta, promising that when he becomes President of France I shall be +préfêt of the Department of the Alpes Maritimes, which includes my +ex-dominions, on condition that I am very moderate. + + * * * * * + + END. + + * * * * * + +There is no moral that can be drawn from my fall applicable to the +present state of English politics. This may be seen indeed from the +comments of the only three English papers of last Friday and Saturday +that noticed it. The _Morning Advertiser_, which, Tory as it is, prefers +Radical-Orangeism to Tory-Popery (and beer to both), classed me along +with the Tichborne claimant as a victim to the Jesuits, whereas I wasn’t +a victim at all; and if I had been, should have been a victim to my own +obstinacy, as I certainly could have stopped at Monaco if I had pleased +to do so—either by raising a popular clamour against the priests, which +would have been immoral, or by accepting Père Pellico’s conditions, which +would have been humiliating. The _National Reformer_, the organ of Mr. +Bradlaugh, patted me on the back as an ill-used republican; and the +_Standard_ said that my fall showed the absolute necessity of maintaining +the 25th clause of the Education Act intact, which is what I could not +for the life of me see. On the contrary, so opposite are the conditions +of England and of Monaco, that what would have succeeded in one would +have failed in the other as a matter of course. In England you have a +divided church; an increasing and active though still little numerous +Catholic body; a materialistic world of fashion which goes alternately to +Mr. Wilkinson and Canon Liddon, Mr. Haweis and Mr. Stopford Brooke, and +does not believe a word that any of them says—unless it is Mr. Haweis, +but then, doctrinally speaking, he says nothing. You have the old +nonconformist bodies, able and powerful still, though less powerful than +before 1868; and you have the Wesleyans, pulpy but rich. Outside of them +all you have people who believe two-thirds of them in the Bible pure and +simple, but with prominence given in their minds to the communistic side +of the New Testament, and one-third in nothing unless it is Mr. Charles +Watts, Mr. Austin Holyoake, and Mr. Bradlaugh. The most flourishing +publications in your country are _Zadkiel’s Almanac_ and _Reynolds’ +Newspaper_, belonging to the opposite poles, but equally at war with all +that is most powerful and rich and respectable in your society. What +resemblance is there in this state of things, full of life but wholly +wanting in unity, to that at Monaco, dead, but single in faith? At +Monaco all that believed—and most believed—were earnest Catholics, +wielded for political purposes by one man. Had my parliamentary scheme +been carried out the cumulative vote would have been inoperative, and Mr. +Hare had he been there would have hanged himself from the castle +flag-staff, for there was no minority. As in East Prussia the peasants, +suddenly presented with universal suffrage by Von Bismarck and asked for +whom they would vote, said with one accord, “For the King.”—“You +can’t”—“Then for the Crown Prince”—so at Monaco the population would have +replied “for Père Pellico.” + +All the same there is a moral to be drawn from my fall, and it applies to +the French Republic. I conjure my friends of the French radical party +not to let radicalism in France be bound up with indecent speeches made +over the graves at “civil funerals,” or with the denial of the +Immortality of the Soul. In England, in spite of occasional attempts of +the _Standard_ to couple “atheists” and “republicans,” no such warning is +needed; but in France it comes almost too late. No system of government +can be permanent which has for its opponents all the women in the +country, and for supporters only half the men; and any party will have +for opponents all the women which couples the religious question with the +political and the social, and raises the flag of materialism. Women are +not likely to abandon the idea of a compensation in the next world for +the usage which too many of them meet with in this. + +As for my failure at Monaco, I went too fast. I agree with Mr. Freeman, +your English historian, that a sudden breach in the continuity of +national institutions is an evil, and that “the witness of history +teaches us that, in changing a long established form of executive +government, the more gently and warily the work is done the more likely +it is to be lasting.” I could have stopped at Monaco by humbling myself, +but at all events I went too fast. If they take me back, which I really +think for their own sakes they had better do, I will go much slower. But +I have no time to write any more, for I have been put without training +into the first boat, and we are to stop up during the greater portion of +the Easter “vac.,” as we have a capital chance of “keeping head.” + + + + +***END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE FALL OF PRINCE FLORESTAN OF +MONACO*** + + +******* This file should be named 40226-0.txt or 40226-0.zip ******* + + +This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: +http://www.gutenberg.org/dirs/4/0/2/2/40226 + + + +Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions +will be renamed. + +Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no +one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation +(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without +permission and without paying copyright royalties. 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You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + + + + +Title: The Fall of Prince Florestan of Monaco + + +Author: Charles Wentworth Dilke + + + +Release Date: July 14, 2012 [eBook #40226] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ISO-646-US (US-ASCII) + + +***START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE FALL OF PRINCE FLORESTAN OF +MONACO*** +</pre> +<p>This ebook was transcribed by Les Bowler.</p> +<p style="text-align: center"> +<a href="images/fp.jpg"> +<img alt= +"Monaco Town, from Monte Carlo" +title= +"Monaco Town, from Monte Carlo" +src="images/fp.jpg" /> +</a></p> +<h1>THE FALL<br /> +<span class="GutSmall">OF</span><br /> +PRINCE FLORESTAN OF MONACO.</h1> +<div class="gapspace"> </div> +<p style="text-align: center">BY HIMSELF.</p> +<div class="gapspace"> </div> +<p style="text-align: center">London:<br /> +MACMILLAN AND CO.<br /> +1874.</p> +<p style="text-align: center">[<i>The Right of Translation and +Reproduction is reserved</i>.]</p> +<p style="text-align: center"> +<a href="images/map.jpg"> +<img alt= +"Map of the Town of Monaco" +title= +"Map of the Town of Monaco" +src="images/map.jpg" /> +</a></p> +<h2><a name="page1"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 1</span>THE FALL +OF PRINCE FLORESTAN OF MONACO.</h2> +<p>I am Prince Florestan of Wurtemberg, born in 1850, and +consequently now of the mature age of twenty-four. I might call +myself “<span class="smcap">Florestan</span> II.” but +I think it better taste for a dethroned prince, especially when +he happens to be a republican, to resume the name that is in +reality his own.</p> +<p>Although the events which I am about to relate occurred this +winter, so little is known in England of the affairs of the +Ex-principality of <a name="page2"></a><span class="pagenum">p. +2</span>Monaco, now forming the French commune of that name, that +I feel that the details of my story, indeed all but the bare +facts on which it is grounded, will be news to English +readers. The English Post Office believes that Monaco forms +part of Italy, and the general election extinguished the +telegrams that arrived from France in February last.</p> +<p>All who follow continental politics are aware that the Prince +Charles Honoré, known as Charles III. of Monaco, and also +called on account of his infirmity “the blind +prince,” was the ruling potentate of Monaco during the last +gambling season; that there lived with him his mother, the +dowager princess; that he was a widower with one son, Prince +Albert, Duc de Valentinois, heir apparent to the throne; that the +latter had by his marriage with the Princess Marie of Hamilton, +sister to the Duke of Hamilton, one <a name="page3"></a><span +class="pagenum">p. 3</span>son who in 1873 was six years old; +that all the family lived on M. Blanc the lessee of the gambling +tables. But Monaco is shut off from the rest of the world +except in the winter months, and few have heard of the calamities +which since the end of January have rained upon the ruling +family. My cousin, Prince Albert, the “Sailor +Prince,” a good fellow of my own age, with no fault but his +rash love of uselessly braving the perils of the ocean, had often +been warned of the fate that would one day befall him. Once +when a boy he had put to sea in his boat when a fearful storm was +raging, had been upset just off the point at Monaco, and had been +saved only by the gallantry of a sailor of the port who had +risked his own life in keeping his sovereign’s son +afloat. In October 1873 my unfortunate cousin bought at +Plymouth an <a name="page4"></a><span class="pagenum">p. +4</span>English sailing yacht of 450 tons. He had a +sailor’s contempt for steam, which he told me was only fit +for lubbers, when he came up and stayed with me at Cambridge in +November to see the “fours.” He explained to me +then that he had got a bargain, that he had bought his yacht for +one-third her value, and that he was picking up a capital crew of +thirty men. He had no need to buy yachts for a third their +value, for he was rich enough and to spare, having enjoyed the +large fortune of his mother from the time he came of age. +She was a Mérode, and vast forests in Belgium—part +of Soignies for instance—belonged to him. His wife +had her own fortune of four and a half million francs, bringing +her in about seven thousand pounds a year, so he was able to +spend all his money on himself. He did not spend it on his +dress, for when he came to Cambridge and was introduced <a +name="page5"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 5</span>to Dr. +Thompson, he neither had a dress suit to dine in at the lodge, +nor a black morning coat to put on for hall, where his rough +pea-jacket scandalised the “scouts.” He sailed +from Plymouth in November, and reached Monaco at the end of that +month. In December he made several excursions, in none of +which did his father go to sea with him, but on the 26th of +January, as ill luck would have it, he tempted my poor uncle to +go with him for a three days’ cruise. It came on to +blow hard that night, and nothing was ever heard of them +again. Great was the excitement at Monaco on the 27th and +28th, but on the 29th the worst was known, as a telegram from +Genoa informed the unfortunate old princess—who has all her +faculties at the age of eighty-six—that her son and +grandson were both numbered with the dead, for one of the boats +of the rotten yacht had been fallen <a name="page6"></a><span +class="pagenum">p. 6</span>in with by a fishing vessel floating +empty in mid sea.</p> +<p>The Conseil d’Etat was at once called together by the +Governor General, and the little boy of the Princess Marie +proclaimed by their order at the market-place. A +proclamation was posted in the town the moment the sitting ended, +declaring the joint regency of the dowager princess and of Baron +Imberty. A telegram was sent to Princess Marie, who was +staying with her child at Nice, informing her of her +husband’s death and of the accession of her son, and +begging that she would the next day confide the little Duc de +Valentinois to the deputation of the councillors of state and of +the officers of guards, who would reach Nice by train at +noon. She was in the same despatch assured that on the +death of the old dowager princess she should succeed her in the +regency, <a name="page7"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 7</span>but +for family reasons on which I need not enlarge, she was requested +not on this occasion to accompany her son.</p> +<p>All this I learnt by a telegram from the baron; I, as the son +of the sister of the late prince, having now become most +unexpectedly next heir to the throne of Monaco. I had no +idea of the possibility of my ever being called upon to succeed a +healthy boy of six, and gave the matter no thought but one of +regret at the death of my gallant cousin Albert, who in the +Prussian war had proved his courage in the French navy, while I, +had I been older, should have had to have fought upon the other +side, my father having been a prince of Wurtemberg.</p> +<p>I was thoroughly English in my ways. My father, a man of +wide and liberal views, disliking “professors” as +much as Mr. Disraeli does, and especially distrusting Prussian <a +name="page8"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 8</span>pedagogues, had +sent me to Eton and to Trinity. At Eton I had lived rather with +the King’s scholars than with my more natural allies, and +had imbibed some views at which my poor father would have +groaned. When I went up to Cambridge my friendships were in +King’s rather than in Third Trinity, and my opinions were +those now popular among spectacled undergraduates, namely, +universal negation. I even joined First Trinity Boat Club, +instead of Third, because the gentlemen of the latter were too +exclusive for my princely tastes.</p> +<p>During my four years at Cambridge I had rowed in First Trinity +Second. I had heard at the Union Mr. Seeley defend the +Commune, and oppose a motion declaring it innocent because it did +not go on to express the “love and affection” with +which that body was regarded by the University. I had +supported a young <a name="page9"></a><span class="pagenum">p. +9</span>fellow of Trinity when he showed that the surplus funds +of the Union Society should be applied to the erection of statues +of Mazzini in all the small villages of the West of +England—a motion which I believe was carried, but +neutralized by the fact that the Union Society possessed no +surplus funds. I had also had the inestimable advantage of +attending the lectures of Professor Fawcett on the English poor +laws. I had, by the way, almost forgotten the most amusing +of all the Union episodes of my time, which was the rising of Mr. +Dilke of Trinity Hall, Sir Charles Dilke’s +brother—but a man of more real talent than his brother, +although, if possible, a still more lugubrious speaker—to +move that his brother’s portrait, together with that of +Lord Edmond Fitzmaurice, the communist brother of a Marquis and a +congenial spirit, should be suspended in the committee <a +name="page10"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 10</span>room to watch +over the deliberations of that body, because, forsooth, they had +happened to be president and vice-president of the Society at a +moment when the new buildings were begun out of the subscriptions +of such very different politicians as the Prince of Wales, the +Duke of Devonshire, and Lord Powis. Mr. Dilke and his +radicals were sometimes in a majority and sometimes in a minority +at the Union, and the portraits of the republican lord and +baronet went up on the wall or down under the table accordingly, +Mr. Willimott, the valued custodian of the rooms, carrying out +the orders of both sides with absolute impartiality.</p> +<p>Fired with the enthusiasm of my party and of my age, I had +subscribed to the Woman’s Suffrage Association, to Mr. +Bradlaugh’s election expenses, to the Anti-Game-Law +Association, and to the Education League. My reading was +less <a name="page11"></a><span class="pagenum">p. +11</span>one-sided than my politics, and my republicanism was +tempered by an unwavering worship of “Lothair.” +Mr. Disraeli was my admiration as a public man—a Bismarck +without his physique and his opportunities—but then in +politics one always personally prefers one’s opponents to +one’s friends. As a republican, I had a cordial +aversion for Sir Charles Dilke, a clever writer, but an awfully +dull speaker, who imagines that his forte is public speaking, and +who, having been brought up in a set of strong prejudices, +positively makes a merit to himself of never having got over +them. This he calls “never changing his +opinions.” For Mr. Gladstone I had the ordinary +undergraduate detestation. There are no liberals at +Cambridge. We were all rank republicans or champions of +right divine.</p> +<p>The 31st of January was a strange day in my history. On +entering my rooms in my <a name="page12"></a><span +class="pagenum">p. 12</span>flannels, hot from the boats, and +hurrying for hall, I saw a telegram upon the table. I tore +it open.</p> +<blockquote><p style="text-align: center">“<i>The +Governor-General</i>, <i>Monaco</i>;<br /> +<i>to</i><br /> +<i>His Serene Highness Prince Florestan</i>,</p> +<p style="text-align: right"><i>Trinity College</i>,<br /> +<i>Cambridge</i>.”</p> +</blockquote> +<p>“His Serene Highness!” Surely a +mistake! I read on.</p> +<blockquote><p>“This morning at noon his Serene Highness +the reigning prince was committed by the princess his mother to +the care of M. Henri de Payan, at Nice. The princess being +nervous about railway accidents, the departure for Monaco took +place by road. The carriage conveying his Serene Highness +and M. de Payan was drawn by four horses. Turbie was +reached without mishap, but <a name="page13"></a><span +class="pagenum">p. 13</span>half-way between Turbie and +Roquebrune, at a sharp turn in the road, the horses took fright, +and the coachman, in avoiding the precipice, threw the carriage +upon the rocks on the mountain side of the road. His Serene +Highness was thrown on his head and killed on the spot. +Your Serene Highness is now reigning prince of Monaco, and will +be proclaimed to-night after the meeting of the Council of State +by the style of Florestan II. Lieutenant Gasignol, of the +guard, will proceed at once to England and meet your Serene +Highness at any spot which your Highness may please to +indicate. M. de Payan escaped without a scratch.”</p> +</blockquote> +<p>Prince of Monaco! Prince of Monaco. And I had seen +Lafont in <i>Rabagas</i>! I was not a “milk-and-water +Rabagas,” as Mr. Cole called Mr. Lowe, when all the papers +reported him to have said “milk-and-water Rabelais,” +and the <i>Spectator</i> <a name="page14"></a><span +class="pagenum">p. 14</span>mildly wondered at the strangeness of +the comparison. No, but I was somewhat of a milk-and-water +Prince of Monaco after Lafont. What distinction! What +carriage! If the princes of the earth were only like the +princes of the stage, there would be no republicans. But +then, fortunately, they are not. “Fortunately!” +and I one of them. What am I saying?</p> +<p>Poor little fellow! How sad for his young mother +too. A reigning prince for nineteen hours, and that outside +of his own dominions and at the age of six. A strange +world! and a strange world, for me too. A half-Protestant, +half-free-thinking, republican, German, Cambridge undergraduate, +suddenly called to rule despotically over a Catholic and Italian +people. My succession, at least, would be undisputed. +No one had ever vowed that I “should never ascend the +throne—without a protest.” One of the <a +name="page15"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 15</span>Grimaldis had +a claim which was no doubt a just one, my respected great uncle +having been probably a usurper; but Marshal MacMahon and the Duc +de Broglie would, I well knew, support me, preferring even a +German prince at Monaco to an Italian. My succession, I +repeat, was undisputed; but if anybody had taken the trouble to +dispute it, I can answer for it that they would have been cheated +out of their amusement, for I should willingly have resigned to +their charge so burdensome a toy. I was that which the +republican mayor of Birmingham, Mr. Joseph Chamberlain, in his +jocular speech proposing the Prince of Wales’ health at the +mayor’s banquet, said that one of his friends had been +trying by argument to make the Prince—with, “as +yet,” only “partial success”—a republican +King. I would have gone only to Monaco to proclaim the +republic had I not known that <a name="page16"></a><span +class="pagenum">p. 16</span>the strange despotism—presided +over not as a despotism should be by one clever despot, but by +two stupid despots, the Dukes of Magenta and Broglie—which +is called the French republic, would not permit the creation of a +small model for herself in the middle of her commune of +Roquebrune.</p> +<p>I was not sorry to leave Cambridge. My rooms in the new +court overlooked Caius, where they had typhoid fever; and between +the fear of infection and the noise of the freshmen’s wines +in Trinity Hall, I was beginning to have enough of +Cambridge. My bedmaker and tutor were the only people to +whom I bid goodbye. The men were all in hall and out at +wines, and I left notes for my friends instead of looking them up +in their rooms. I caught my tutor as he was going into +hall. I told him of the news, and I could see the idea of +an invitation for <a name="page17"></a><span class="pagenum">p. +17</span>next winter to the castle at Monaco pass through his +mind as he assured me that my rule would be a blessing to my +country, and that nothing could better fit me for a sceptre than +the training of an English gentleman. He added, with a +return of the grim humour of a don, that he supposed that as a +sovereign prince I need scarcely “take an +<i>exeat</i>.” My poor old bed-maker, who had read +the telegram in my absence from my room, called me “your +imperial majesty” three times while she packed my shirts, +but in half-an-hour I was off to London; and on the evening of +the 3rd of February I met M. de Payan and Lieutenant Gasignol by +appointment at the Grand Hotel at Paris.</p> +<p>From M. de Payan I obtained my first accurate ideas as to the +State of Monaco. I found that I was not more independent +under the supremacy of France than is the Emperor William <a +name="page18"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 18</span>independent +under the domination of Prince von Bismarck. I had not only +the Code Napoléon, and a Council of State dressed in exact +copies of their Versailles namesakes, but French custom-house +officers levying French custom-house duties in my +dominions. At the beginning of our conversation I had said +to M. de Payan, “Between ourselves, and fearing though I do +that like Charles I. of England I may be committing high treason +against myself, I feel bound to tell you that my only ideas of my +principality are derived from M. Sardou’s +<i>Rabagas</i>.”</p> +<p>Why is it that inhabitants of small and isolated communities +never can see a joke? M. de Payan, slightly drawing himself +up and speaking with as much stiffness as he could assume towards +his prince, gravely answered me, “Your Serene Highness is +not aware, I presume, that <i>Rabagas</i> was a satire directed +against France <a name="page19"></a><span class="pagenum">p. +19</span>in her decline, and not against your Highness’s +principality.”</p> +<p>M. Sardou wasting his hours on satirising Monaco. I will +never joke again, I said to myself, unless I should suffer the +modern fate of kings and be deposed.</p> +<p>“M. de Payan,” I replied, “I am aware of +what you say, and I was joking.”</p> +<p>“We have no Gambettas at Monaco, your Highness; that is +all I meant.”</p> +<p>“Perhaps, Sir, the country would be happier if you +had. Rabagas was not Gambetta, but Emile Olivier—not +the man who never despaired of France, but the man who sacrificed +his opinions to his advancement. I admire M. Gambetta, who +is at this moment the first man in France, in my estimation, and +the second political man in Europe. His figure will stand +out in history, daubed as even it is with the mud that <a +name="page20"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 20</span>French +politicians are ceaselessly flinging at each other.”</p> +<p>“M. Gambetta is, as your Serene Highness says, a man of +extraordinary powers; but his father was a tradesman at Cahors, +and is retired and lives at Nice, near your Serene +Highness’s dominions.”</p> +<p>What more could I say? There was nothing to be made of +M. de Payan.</p> +<p>On the 5th of February I reached Nice by the express, and +after reading the telegram which announced the return of Mr. +Gladstone by a discerning people as junior colleague to a gin +distiller, was presented with an address by the Gambettist mayor +at the desire of the legitimist préfêt. The +mayor, being a red-hot republican in politics but a +carriage-builder by trade, lectured me on the drawbacks of +despotism in his address, but informed me in conversation <a +name="page21"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 21</span>afterwards +that he had had the honour of building a Victoria for Prince +Charles Honoré—which was next door to giving me his +business card. The address, however, also assumed that the +Princes of Monaco were suffered only by Providence to exist in +order that the trade of Nice, the nearest large French town, +might thrive.</p> +<p>In the evening at four we reached the station at Monaco, which +was decked with the white flags of my ancestors. What a +pity, was my thought, that M. de Chambord should not be aware +that if he would come to stay with me at the castle he would live +under the white flag to which he is so much attached all the days +of his life. My reception was enthusiastic. The +guards, in blue uniforms not unlike the Bavarian, but with tall +shakoes instead of helmets, and similar to that which during the +stoppage of the train at Nice I had rapidly put on, were <a +name="page22"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 22</span>drawn up in +line to the number of thirty-nine—one being in hospital +with a wart on his thumb, as M. de Payan told me. What an +admirable centralisation that such a detail should be known to +every member of the administration! Two drummers rolled +their drums French fashion. In front of the line were four +officers, of whom—one fat; Baron Imberty; the Vicar +General; and Père Pellico of the Jesuits of the +Visitation, brother as I already knew to the celebrated Italian +patriot, Silvio Pellico, of dungeon and spider fame.</p> +<p>“Where is M. Blanc?” I cried to M. de Payan, as we +stopped, seeing no one not in uniform or robes.</p> +<p>“M. Blanc,” said M. de Payan, severely, +“though a useful subject of your Highness is neither a +member of the household of your Highness, a soldier of His army, +nor a <a name="page23"></a><span class="pagenum">p. +23</span>functionary of His government. M. Blanc is in the +crowd outside.”</p> +<p>Had I ventured to talk slang to M. de Payan, of whom I already +stood in awe, I should have replied, “Elle est +<i>salée</i>, celle là; puisque sans M. Blanc mon +pays ne marcherait pas.” But I held my tongue.</p> +<p>I have seen many amusing sights in the course of my short +life. I have seen an Anglican clergyman dance the +cancan—I have seen Lord Claud Hamilton, the elder, address +the English House of Commons—I have watched with breathless +interest the gesticulations of French orators in the tribune of +the Assembly, when not a word could reach my ears through the din +of Babel that their colleagues made. But the oddest sight I +ever saw was the bow with which Colonel Jacquemet, conscious even +at the glorious moment that history would not <a +name="page24"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 24</span>forget his +name, assured me that “the devoted army of a Gallant and a +Glorious Prince would follow him to the death, when Honour led +and Duty called.”</p> +<p>At this moment Père Pellico slipped round to my side +and said, “A word with your Highness. A most +unfortunate report has got abroad that your Highness is a +heretic. What is to be done?”</p> +<p>“I very much fear I am,” I replied.</p> +<p>“But surely your Highness has never formally joined a +Protestant body?”</p> +<p>“Protestant? Oh, no. I am a freethinker; a +follower of Strauss rather than of Dr. Cumming.”</p> +<p>“How your Highness has relieved my mind! Only a +freethinker—but that is nothing. I feared that +possibly your Highness might have suffered a perversion to some +of the many schisms.” He bowed and hurried off into +the town, while <a name="page25"></a><span class="pagenum">p. +25</span>taking the arm of Baron Imberty I said, “Introduce +me to M. Blanc.”</p> +<p>“Your Highness wishes that M. Blanc should be presented +to your Highness, but there are three hundred and ten or three +hundred and twenty gentlemen who take precedence of M. +Blanc. Nevertheless, your Highness has only to +command.”</p> +<p>“Well, then, touch my arm as we pass him in the crowd, +and I will speak to him informally.”</p> +<p>My ideas of etiquette would have horrified Madame von +Biegeleben, the lady-in-waiting to my poor mother; still, I was +improving already, as may be seen.</p> +<p>As we left the station building a little man in black, who +when he is twenty years older will be as like M. Thiers in person +as he already is in tact, in power of talk, and in the +combination of a total absence of fixed opinions with a <a +name="page26"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 26</span>decided +manner, made a low bow, accompanied with the shrewdest smile that +I had seen.</p> +<p>“That,” I said, halting before him, “is M. +Blanc. I am glad to have so early an opportunity of +commencing an acquaintance, which I hope to improve.”</p> +<p>“Your Serene Highness does me too much +honour.”</p> +<p>Thus I passed the man who played Haussmann to my Emperor, but +who had the additional advantage which the costly baron of +demolishing memory certainly did not possess, of being a +magnificent source of revenue to my state.</p> +<p>Mounting the really fine horse that they had sent me down, and +escorted by the sixteen mounted carbineers (who do police duty on +foot in ordinary times at Monte Carlo and in the town), I rode +off at a sharp trot by the winding road.</p> +<p><a name="page27"></a><span class="pagenum">p. +27</span>“Will your Serene Highness graciously please to go +at a walk, for otherwise the guards will not have time to get up +by the military road and to form again to receive your Highness +at the <i>Place</i>.”</p> +<p>I did as I was bid, of course. Bouquets of violets were +showered on me as we passed through the narrow street, and the +scene on the public square in front of the castle was really +fine. The sun was setting in glory over the Mediterranean +in the west; on the north the Alpes Monégasques were +beginning to take the deep red glow which nightly in that +glorious climate they assume. On the east the palms at +Monte Carlo stood out sharply against the deep still blue sky, +and in the far distance the great waves of the ground swell were +rolling in upon the coast towards Mentone and the Italian +frontier, with thousands of bright white sea-gulls speckling the +watery <a name="page28"></a><span class="pagenum">p. +28</span>hills with dots of light. At the palace gate I was +received by the old dowager princess. She bent and kissed +my hand. I threw my arms round her neck and kissed her on +both cheeks.</p> +<p>“That was kindly meant, Highness,” she said, +“but your Serene Highness is now the reigning prince, and +in the presence of the mob your dignity must be kept +up.”</p> +<p>Passing the two great Suisses who, arrayed in gala costume, +stood magnificently at the gate—but whose wages I +afterwards discovered were supplemented by showing my bedroom +when I was out to English tourists at a franc a head—we +entered the grand courtyard, ascended the great stairs, and +passed straight into the reception hall known as the Salle +Grimaldi. There, standing on a dais, opposite to the +magnificent fireplace and chimney-piece, with the baron at my +side, I held a levee, and received the vicar-general, père +de Don; the <a name="page29"></a><span class="pagenum">p. +29</span>curé of the cathedral, l’abbé Ramin; +the chevalier de Castellat, vice-president of the council of +state; the chevalier Voliver, member of council of state, and +president of the council of public education; the Marquis de +Bausset-Roquefort, president of the high court of justice and +member of the council of state; the treasurer-general, M. +Lombard; Monsignore Theuret, the first almoner of the household; +Monsignore Ciccodicola, the honorary almoner; Colonel the Vicomte +de Grandsaigne, my first aide-de-camp; Major Pouget +d’Aigrevaux, commandant of the palace; the two +attachés of M. de Payan in his office of +secretary-general, MM. Stephen Gastaldi and John Blanchi; my +doctor, M. Coulon, a leading member of the council of education, +and evidently a most intelligent man; the curés of the six +smaller churches; the five professors of the Jesuit college of La +Visitation; three aides-de-camp; the chef du cabinet; the <a +name="page30"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 30</span>chamberlain +himself, who had introduced the others; and four officers of +guards and one of carbineers, in addition to Colonel Jacquemet, +whom I have already named. No conversation took place, and +the presentations being over in five minutes, I got out in the +garden before dark for a quiet stroll by myself before +dinner.</p> +<p>I was struck by the scene. The tall palms, the giant +tree geraniums blooming in masses down the great cliffs to the +very edge of the dark blue sea, the feathery mimosas, the +graceful pepper trees laden with crimson berries, the orange +grove, the bananas fruiting and flowering at the same time, the +passion flowers climbing against the rugged old castle walls, all +were new to me—unused to the south, and brought up in +Buckinghamshire, in Cambridgeshire, and in central Germany. +The scene saddened me, I know not why, and I asked myself +whether, with the odd <a name="page31"></a><span +class="pagenum">p. 31</span>combination of my opinions and my +position, I could be of any use in the world except to bring +Monarchy into contempt. Here was I, a freethinker, called +upon to rule a people of bigoted Catholics through a Jesuit +father—for I had already seen that Père Pellico was +the real vice-king. Here was I, an ardent partisan of the +doctrine of individuality, placed suddenly at the head of the +most centralized administration in the world. What was to +be done? Reform it? Yes, but no reformer has so ill a +time of it as a reforming prince. Sadly I went in to a sad +dinner <i>tête-à-tête</i> with my +crape-covered great aunt in a gloomy room, and so to bed, +convinced that unhappiness may co-exist with the possession of a +hall porter as big as Mrs. Bischoffsheim’s.</p> +<p>The next morning when I dreamily called for my coffee there +was brought to me along with it a gigantic envelope sealed with +soft wax <a name="page32"></a><span class="pagenum">p. +32</span>stamped with my arms, and containing a terrific despatch +of twenty-three pages. “Rapport +Hebdomadaire.” “Weekly report” of what, I +asked myself. Why, I have but five thousand +subjects—the same number that Octavia Hill rules in +Marylebone with such success. I began to read.</p> +<blockquote><p>“On Monday night a man named Marsan called +the carbineer Fissori a fool. He was not arrested (see +Order No. 1142 and correspondence 70, 10, 102), but a private +report was addressed to the Council of State, on which the +Secretary General decided to recommend that Marsan should be +watched for a week; referred to the Sub-Committee on Public +Order.”</p> +<p>“M. Blanc on Tuesday visited the tunnel in the commune +of Turbie (France) by which he hopes to obtain an additional +water supply for the Casino. As M. Blanc had not had the +courtesy to inform the secretarial office of his <a +name="page33"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 33</span>excursion it +was impossible to send an agent to obtain details of what took +place.”</p> +</blockquote> +<p>So on for twenty and more pages, the last informing me of the +names of the fishing boats that had come in and gone out, of the +time of sunrise, and of the fact that a private in my guards had +caught a cold in his head.</p> +<p>It was unbearable. These formalities should be +suppressed at once. The administration should be +decentralised. I rang and sent to the secretarial office +for M. de Payan. I addressed him thus:—</p> +<p>“I gather from this tedious document that my +principality of five thousand persons possesses every appliance +and every excrescence of civilized government except a +parliament. The perfection of bureaucracy and of red tape +has been reached in a territory one mile broad and five miles +long. No doubt centralisation is less hurtful than it is +elsewhere in a country so small that it is <a +name="page34"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 34</span>virtually all +centre, but I intend that this state of things (for which you are +in no way responsible) shall cease. In the first place +kindly inform me of the facts. What are the expenses and +what are the revenues of the state, and what is the number of its +officials?”</p> +<p>“There are, Sir,” he answered, “including +your household and the officers of your guards, one hundred and +twenty-six functionaries in Monaco. There are sixty +soldiers and carbineers, and there are one hundred and fifty +unpaid consular and diplomatic representatives of Monaco +abroad.”</p> +<p>“How many servants have I in all, including stable +men?”</p> +<p>“Twenty-five.”</p> +<p>“Then you mean to say that there are three hundred and +sixty-one persons employed under the crown for a population of +thirteen hundred male inhabitants of full age?”</p> +<p><a name="page35"></a><span class="pagenum">p. +35</span>“Yes, Sir, and M. Blanc employs on his works and +at the Casino eight hundred of the remainder.”</p> +<p>This was a startling state of things, but I soon found out +that, as Colonel Jacquemet had used his men twice over on my +arrival, so we used our politicians twice or thrice, politicians +being happily scarce with us. Many posts were filled by one +man, a plan which has its advantages as well as its drawbacks, +the advantages predominating in a country where there are eleven +hundred and sixty posts to fill and only thirteen hundred grown +male inhabitants.</p> +<p>To give you an idea of the way in which we used our men, Baron +Imberty, our Governor-General for instance, was also President of +the Council of State, Chancellor of the Order of St. Charles, +President of the Maritime Council, President of the Board of +Public Works, President of the Bureau de Bienfaisance, etc. +etc.</p> +<p><a name="page36"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 36</span>Thanks +to M. Blanc and his gambling establishment, and thanks to the +large private fortune of my family, the finances of Monaco were +in a flourishing position. Prince Charles had had half a +million of francs a year of private fortune and of revenue from +the gambling tables. My cousin Albert had had three hundred +thousand francs a year. I consequently had eight hundred +thousand francs of private fortune, or £32,000 a year, out +of which I could easily keep up the palace, the stables, and, if +I chose, a powerful steam yacht, together with my cousin’s +house in Belgium as a summer residence. The cost of the +government for army, church, education, and justice, was two +hundred thousand francs a year. Public works were dealt +with liberally by M. Blanc as a part of his +“concession.” The ordinary revenue was derived +from four sources, each contributing about an equal share. +These were:—</p> +<p class="gutindent"><a name="page37"></a><span +class="pagenum">p. 37</span>I. The payment of the +Government of France for half the value of the tobacco sold in +the principality on behalf of the French <i>régie</i>.</p> +<p class="gutindent">II. The payment of France for customs +collected by France in my ports.</p> +<p class="gutindent">III. The payment by the “Paris, Lyons, +Méditerranée” Railway for right of +passage.</p> +<p class="gutindent">IV. Our only local tax, one on all lands and +houses changing hands.</p> +<p>The total receipts were two hundred thousand francs, or about +the same as the total expense of government.</p> +<p>I dismissed M. de Payan; and without telling anyone where I +was going I walked up to the Casino by myself.</p> +<p>I was little known by sight at present in the town, as those +who had seen me enter it in uniform and on horseback the day +before would hardly recognize me in deep mourning <a +name="page38"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 38</span>and on +foot. I passed unnoticed by the guards, and on reaching the +Casino, hot and dusty, was stopped by one of the employés +of the bank, I said, “Take me to M. Blanc.”</p> +<p>Under similar circumstances the Prince of Wales is introduced +as “Captain White,” but then he is not a +<i>sovereign</i> prince; and I preferred to give no name at all +than to assume an alias.</p> +<p>I found him literally “a counting out his +money.” That is to say, two clerks were counting +rouleaus of gold while he at a small table was quietly playing +patience with two packs of cards. At a bureau was a third +clerk, an Englishman, translating into French for his benefit one +of Mr. Bagehot’s leaders in the <i>Economist</i>.</p> +<p>He knew me at once, although he had seen me but for a moment +and in a wholly different dress. Bowing low, and speaking +not to me but <a name="page39"></a><span class="pagenum">p. +39</span>to his clerks, he said, “Qu’on nous +laisse.” The moment they had left the room he bowed +to the ground again, and said, “Ah monseigneur, votre +seigneurerie me fait trop d’honneur! J’allais +écrire à monsieur le chambellan pour lui demander +de vouloir bien solliciter une audience en mon nom, afin de +déposer mes respectueux hommages aux pieds de votre +Altesse. Elle me comble en venant chez moi +incognito.”</p> +<p>M. Blanc, whose appearance I described before, is well known +to gambling Europe as a distinguished political economist, the +keeper of the greatest “hell” on earth, and the +loving father of a pair of pretty and accomplished daughters, +living upon roulette, but himself innocent nowadays of all games +but the mildest patience—of which he knows sixty +kinds. At Monaco he is more than a public character: he is +a benefactor and a prince. Attacks may be made upon <a +name="page40"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 40</span>gambling +establishments even conducted as his is, but I am disposed to +agree with the Jesuit fathers of the Visitation that the Monaco +roulette—forbidden to the inhabitants of Monaco and of the +neighbouring parts of France—does not do much harm to +anyone, although I could hardly go with Père Pellico so +far as to prohibit the building of a Protestant church while he +tolerates a “hell,” and even permits his students to +visit the musical portion of its rooms. I had no wish in my +proposed reforms to reform out of existence my roulette +revenue. I wished indeed to make good use of it; better use +than my predecessors had done. I wanted to make of Monaco a +Munich and a Dresden all in one. I would have a gallery of +the greatest modern pictures—great ancient ones are not now +to be obtained—a magnificent orchestra, a theatre of the +first rank; art, in short, of all kind of the highest <a +name="page41"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 41</span>class by +which to raise the culture of my people, who, excluded from the +gambling side of the Casino by a wise ordinance of my +predecessor, would reap the benefit without drinking the poison +of the roulette.</p> +<p>I found M. Blanc’s mind running upon the question of +whether English families would be most attracted to Monaco by +pigeon-shooting or by an English church. The church he +fancied most, but owing to the opposition of Père Pellico +it would have to be built upon the hill a mile off from the +Casino, in the territory of France.</p> +<p>“I will authorise you to disregard Père +Pellico’s bigotry, and to build it where you please,” +I cried.</p> +<p>M. Blanc smiled, and said, “If your Serene Highness will +excuse me, I had sooner not go against the Jesuits.”</p> +<p>I wasn’t king in my own country, as it <a +name="page42"></a><span class="pagenum">p. +42</span>appeared. Expel the Jesuits, the tempter within me +suggested; but then I wasn’t Bismarck, and I hadn’t a +“national liberal” party at my back.</p> +<p>I rapidly exposed my views to M. Blanc. I was much +struck by the fact that his practical mind insisted on viewing my +reforms as questions not of principles but of men.</p> +<p>“You have no men to back you,” he kept saying; +“and if you turn out your present set and get some clever +Germans you will be deposed.” He had dropped the +excessive formality of speech with which he had begun. +Several times he used the phrase, “Dr. Coulon is the only +man you have.” Then, after thinking for a time, +“What do you propose to gain by your reforms? You are +rich. Your people are contented. Why trouble +yourself? As for works of art, as for theatre, as for +orchestra, these things are matters of money, and I will do my +best to <a name="page43"></a><span class="pagenum">p. +43</span>help. I am not sure that as a mere investment they +will not pay, and at all events I will do my best to make them do +so; but as for your reforms of army, church, and education that +you talk about, I beg your Highness to leave it all alone. +The shares in the bank will fall ten per cent. when it is +known. My shares here are like the funds at Paris, they +hate liberty. The less liberty, the higher they +stand. It is just the same at Paris. Suppress a +journal, and the <i>rente</i> rise a franc. Suppress all +the journals, and they would rise five francs! Suppress the +Assembly, and they would rise ten! Does your Serene +Highness take part in pigeon-shooting?”</p> +<p>Making nothing of M. Blanc, except as to art matters, I +returned slowly to the Castle, where I found the Council of State +assembled to take the oaths.</p> +<p>I chatted with the members of the Council, <a +name="page44"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 44</span>but arranged +to develope my plans in the first place to a few +carefully-selected individuals. I fixed hours at which I +would receive M. de Payan; Dr. Coulon; the curé of the +cathedral; l’abbé Ramin; Père Pellico; and +Colonel Jacquemet; after seeing the Governor General, Baron +Imberty, and talking matters over with him. Baron Imberty I +only saw because not to see him would be to pass a slight upon +him; but I had no hope of help from him, and none from Colonel +Jacquemet. From Père Pellico I knew that I should +meet with opposition, and I received him only to see how strong +and of what nature the opposition would be. I built my +hopes upon M. de Payan, Dr. Coulon, and l’abbé +Ramin.</p> +<p>To Baron Imberty I said only that I contemplated a reform in +the army, a gradual liberation of the church from state control, +and the <a name="page45"></a><span class="pagenum">p. +45</span>re-organization of the schools. He answered that +my wish was law, but that the church was very well as she +stood.</p> +<p>To Colonel Jacquemet I explained in detail my military +re-organization scheme, which was the best of my reforms. I +pointed out to him that his force of forty men, now reduced to +thirty-eight by the unfortunate wart and cold, was only preserved +from becoming the laughing-stock of Europe by its exceptional +discipline and courage. It was absolutely necessary for me +to say this or he would have had a fit upon the spot. I +directed that a list should be prepared of all the male +inhabitants aged from sixteen to thirty, and numbering, as I +calculated, about eight hundred. That of them those +physically fit—some six hundred, as I should +suppose—were to receive drill, and ultimately +uniforms. The gallant forty men were to become sergeants, +<a name="page46"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 46</span>corporals, +and inferior officers of the new national regiment. Captain +Ruggeri and Lieutenant Gasignol were named its majors, and +Lieutenants Plati and De la Rosière the senior +captains. Four other captains were to be selected from +among the privates and non-commissioned officers of the +guard. The new levy was to be unpaid, and the only +increased expense would be the uniforms and rifles, and at first +the additional pay of the ten new officers. As vacancies +occurred in company officers they were to be filled up by +election by the company, but the majors were to be appointed by +the colonel. The cost of the uniforms and arms I proposed +to meet by selling for old iron our twenty magnificent, but +useless pieces of old artillery. Modern artillery for the +fortress I proposed to provide out of my private income, and as +defence of the town was our only possible service, of field +artillery I <a name="page47"></a><span class="pagenum">p. +47</span>decided to have none. The night sentry duty at the +palace was to be performed by the paid sergeants only, and the +regiment was to parade but once a week. I could see that +Colonel Jacquemet did not like it, but he bowed and left the +room.</p> +<p>My next interview was with M. de Payan. He heartily +concurred in my army reform, and said that no measure could be +better for the country, educationally, than my plan of universal +service of this limited character. When I came to talk of +church reforms, however, M. de Payan was very cold and hard to +fire. He advised me to talk the matter over with the +curé, l’abbé Ramin, a most moderate man, and +to beware of Father Pellico. From this negative position I +could not move him.</p> +<p>The curé was my next visitor. He also agreed +heartily in the wisdom of my army <a name="page48"></a><span +class="pagenum">p. 48</span>reform. He listened without +dissent to my proposal for the gradual cessation of the small +grant to the priests, including that to himself. On the +other hand, when I spoke about the necessity of procuring lay +teachers for the schools, he began to weep. I changed the +subject, and when I allowed him to leave the room he said, with a +singularly sweet smile, that he would go with my reforms as far +as he could, that so just a man as my Highness would not harm his +country, that God would watch over his church. I was touched by +Abbé Ramin.</p> +<p>Dr. Coulon was then shown in. A man of intellect, as I +could see at the first glance. I set before him my army +reform, and he was delighted with it. I touched upon the +separation of church and state, and he said that it was not hard +to be done at Monaco—in name, <a name="page49"></a><span +class="pagenum">p. 49</span>that is, but difficult indeed to be +done in fact. Still he supposed the name of separation was +what I wanted, and the gradual cessation of the stipends, which +would put Monaco in accord with the modern movement. I then +referred to education.</p> +<p>He shook his head, and answered, “I should be your +Highness’s sole supporter, and I am a materialist, and only +tolerated here on account of my medical skill, and placed on the +Council of Education because, as I am not in the habit of running +my head against stone walls, I always side with the +Jesuits.”</p> +<p>I insisted on the vast improvement in the standard of secular +education to be expected from the introduction of highly trained +lay teachers, and said that the priests should be absolutely free +to teach the children out of school hours.</p> +<p><a name="page50"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 50</span>His +reply was a singular one, and shook me.</p> +<p>“Your Highness is a democrat,” he said. +“How then can your Highness impose your will in this matter +upon a people who are unanimous? If your Highness wishes to +escape individual responsibility for the existence of the present +state of things, your Highness can dissolve the council of state +and institute an elective parliament. That parliament would +consist, let us say, of twelve members. If so, eleven would +be priests or Jesuits, and the twelfth M. Blanc of the +Casino—a body which would resemble in complexion some of +the school boards in your Highness’s favourite +England. Your Highness has a heavy task, and if that task +be persevered in, I fear that the state of your Highness’s +nerves will be such as to require my prescriptions.”</p> +<p>He was very free in his conversation, the old doctor, but it +was a pleasing change after Baron <a name="page51"></a><span +class="pagenum">p. 51</span>Imberty and M. de Payan; not but what +Abbé Ramin had much attracted me.</p> +<p>I did my best to charm Père Pellico. I courted +him as my other subjects courted me. He was expansive in +manner; but I am not a fool, and though only twenty-four, I knew +enough of human nature to see that there was another Père +Pellico underneath the smiling case-work which talked to +me. To my military reform he had no objection, provided I +exempted Jesuit students from service. I answered that I +would exempt all those at present in Monaco, to which he replied +that he feared then that I should never have the pleasure of +seeing any others. I thought to myself “here +is”—but Père Pellico smiled and slowly spoke +again.</p> +<p>“Your Highness was thinking, I venture to imagine, that +that would be an additional reason <a name="page52"></a><span +class="pagenum">p. 52</span>for hurrying your military +reform. But I must crave the pardon of your Highness for +speaking except in reply to your Highness. I have not the +habit of courts.”</p> +<p>I spoke then of the Church; he was indifferent—the +salaries of his four professors could easily be got from +Italy. I then touched upon education.</p> +<p>Père Pellico, to my astonishment, exclaimed, “But +on the contrary; my opinions are not different from those of your +Highness. They are the same. But as a democrat I do +not venture, although I may be wrong, to force them upon the +people.”</p> +<p>Here was a change of base.</p> +<p>“If I were your Highness,” he continued, “I +would dismiss the Council of State and call an elected parliament +to frame a constitution. That would be a more regular +method of proceeding <a name="page53"></a><span +class="pagenum">p. 53</span>than limiting your own prerogative by +the exercise of that very prerogative itself.”</p> +<p>“Father,” I replied, “is not the country +somewhat small for the complicated machinery of +parliament?”</p> +<p>“Why then not try a Plebiscite, ‘yes’ or +‘no,’ upon certain written propositions, as in +Zurich?”</p> +<p>“How liberal a politician can afford to be when he has +the people with him,” I thought to myself as I bowed out +Father Pellico.</p> +<p>For the next three weeks, until the end of February, things +went smoothly with me. My great aunt bothered me so to +marry a “nice steady young lady who would maintain the +dignity of the Court, check the extravagance of the steward, and +count the linen,” that I got Dr. Coulon to tell her that +she would die unless she removed to Nice. She preferred a +short remove to a long one, and took herself off to <a +name="page54"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 54</span>my great +relief. She was a very fussy, but a clever and a really +good old lady. My army reform went well enough, and the +church edict was fulminated without meeting with +opposition. I bought, through Mr. Gambart, who often came +to Nice, a charming Leighton and a glorious Watts, and a fine +Verboeckhoven from M. Blanc, as a beginning of the public +collection. I moved the councils to the palace, and fitted +up the public offices thus rendered vacant as my museum. I +got M. Lucas at the Casino to improve his already admirable +orchestra, to start a free school for instrumental music, and to +play once a week in the town of Monaco instead of at Monte +Carlo. I wrote to M. Gounod, whom I had the honour to count +among my friends, to offer him the Louis Quinze rooms beyond the +Chambre d’York, at the north-west corner of the Castle, +with the most lovely view in both directions, <a +name="page55"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 55</span>and the +prettiest decorations to my mind in all the palace, if he would +come and stay with me as a permanent visitor, and countenance our +musical efforts. I founded a school for modelling in clay, +a class in decorative art which I taught myself, and I made the +arrangements for the reception of a troop of actors in the +winter, and for the production of Gounod’s “Jeanne +d’Arc”—a piece which was suggested by +Père Pellico. In the palace itself I made many +improvements. Of the Chambre d’York I left nothing +but the pretty mosaic floor, but the room itself, which had been +gilt from top to bottom, bed and all, by my great-grandfather to +take out the taste of the Great French Revolution, during which +the palace had been a poor-house, I turned into a meeting room +for the Council of State. My steam yacht had come with a +temporary crew of English tars, and my two <a +name="page56"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 56</span>great 15-inch +60-ton Krupp guns—one for the terrace, seawards, and one +for the garden, landwards—were ordered. The +“reports” had been abolished; the nagging +surveillance of the police had been abolished; the Church +establishment had been abolished; and I then had nothing left to +abolish but myself, the abolition of myself being a measure from +which I shrank although, like King Leopold, I was ready to go if +my subjects wished it.</p> +<p>The only one of my reforms which was really popular was the +national army, which afforded all the young married men in the +principality a weekly holiday away from their wives. But +Major Gasignol, who had a “soul above buttons,” used +on parade when he was acting as adjutant to take an opportunity +of reminding me of the days of glory when one of my ancestors, +Grimaldi II., about the time of the Norman <a +name="page57"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 57</span>conquest of +England, had delivered at Rome the Pope from the forces of no +less a personage than the Emperor.</p> +<p>All this time, however, my education scheme and my +substitution of an elective for a nominated council were in +abeyance, the first on account of Père Pellico’s +opposition, the second I might almost say on account of his +support.</p> +<p>Dr. Coulon, consulted by me, often used to say, “Why +does not your Highness throw the responsibility upon a parliament +of leaving matters where they are?”</p> +<p>“But I wish to change them,” I as often +replied.</p> +<p>“I can understand that your Highness should wish to be +thought to wish to change them, but further than that point I can +not follow your Highness.”</p> +<p>I seriously thought of clapping Dr. Coulon <a +name="page58"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 58</span>into prison +for his impertinence, but then he was the only liberal in Monaco, +and I was a liberal prince. How I wished, though, that my +uncle had not been such a fool as to invite the Jesuits, harassed +in Italy in 1862, to take refuge in his dominions.</p> +<p>I was no further advanced than my grandfather, Florestan I., +who when overtaken by the events of 1848, which lost him Mentone +and Roquebrune, contemplated a parliament, which however he never +formed. It was a funny constitution was that one which he +posted on the walls, and over which I had often mused. It +had not gone further than being posted on the walls, I should +add, because my grandfather found that it would not bring back +Mentone, and as he was strong enough to keep Monaco with or +without it he had, very sensibly, put it in the fire. The +11th article of it was the <a name="page59"></a><span +class="pagenum">p. 59</span>oddest:—“La presse sera +libre, mais sujette à des lois +répressives.” But the first article gave the +tone to the whole:—“The sole religion of the State is +the Catholic, Apostolic, Roman.”</p> +<p>I strolled up the terraces of Monte Carlo, which always +reminded me of John Martin’s idea of heaven, and consulted +M. Blanc. He was in especially good humour that day, +because “Madame Brisebanque” and “the +Maltese” had both been losing money. Still, when I +talked of my parliament and my education reform, he talked of +“Jacob’s ladder” and of other infallible +systems of ruining him which never had any result except that of +beggaring their authors. He told me a long-winded story of +how at Homburg a company called “La Contrebanque” had +won twenty-four days in succession, and how on the twenty-fifth +they had sent for a watchman and an iron chest to guard their +winnings, how that afternoon <a name="page60"></a><span +class="pagenum">p. 60</span>their secretary had lost the whole +capital in eighteen <i>coups</i>, and how the innocent watchman +had marched up and down all night religiously guarding an empty +chest. I tried to hark back to my subject, when off he went +again at a tangent, and told me how the day before on opening the +“bienfaisance” collection-box in the hall of the +hotel they had found no money, but all the letters of an American +gentleman who had posted them there the year before. +Another of his anecdotes was of a lady who, having lost, had +eaten a thousand-franc note on a slice of bread and butter to +improve her luck. M. Blanc left the Casino in his carriage +just after I had ridden off, and without seeming to look I saw +well enough out of the corner of my eyes after he had passed me +on the road, that the people uncovered to him more universally +and for a longer time than to myself. There was, <a +name="page61"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 61</span>however, one +difference between us—I returned the bows and he did +not.</p> +<p>I gave up M. Blanc and pursued my reforming course, +abandoning, however, the idea of a parliament and fearing to +touch education. My government, now in working order, +resembled in no way that which you English think the best of all +possible polities—“constitutional +monarchy”—which with you appears to me to mean a +democratic republic tempered by snobbism and corruption. +Mine was a socialistic autocracy, which, in spite of my failure, +I maintain to be the best of governments, provided only that you +can secure the best of autocrats.</p> +<p>I had no one to back me in what I did. Major Gasignol +and some of the other officers were strongly favourable to the +army reform, which gave them service and promotion. Dr. +Coulon was half favourable to my views, and a <a +name="page62"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 62</span>quarter +favourable to my ways of working them out in action. +L’Abbé Ramin was conciliatory and kind. M. de +Payan was grimly neutral. Every other functionary was an +active, though veiled, enemy to nine-tenths of my +proposals. The people were abjectly passive, and I almost +wished that the auberge of the “<i>Crapaud +Volant</i>” of <i>Rabagas</i> had had a real +existence. At last, however, I conjured up the spirit to +found a school with lay teachers, arranging to pay its cost over +and above the expected fees out of my own purse. No one +came to it, and the Jesuit schools and the schools of the +<i>frères de la doctrine</i> continued to be +thronged. The Catholic schools were supported by the +state. Mine were supported by myself. I went a step +further, and I offered Father Pellico the alternatives of +stopping the state contributions to all schools, or of continuing +them, provided that lay <a name="page63"></a><span +class="pagenum">p. 63</span>teachers only were employed during +the principal hours of the day. He coldly said that an +agreement of the nature proposed by me would be contrary to his +duty, and that if I chose to stop the state contributions to his +schools the effect of my action would be to shake my throne +without harming them. He added that if he was to go to +prison he was at the service of my officer of the guard. I +replied that he was welcome to his opinion.</p> +<p>The next day the edict appeared. It was countersigned by +Baron Imberty, who disapproved of it, but not by M. de Payan, who +had resigned and left for Nice to consult the Bishop. As I +drove through the town in the afternoon, I was coldly received by +the people, and the proclamation was torn down on the following +night. The weekly parade of the militia was put off for +fear of a hostile demonstration; and on the <a +name="page64"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 64</span>day on which +it would have taken place I received, instead of the muster-roll +of the national regiment, a vote of thanks from the Executive +Committee of the English National Education League, and notice of +my unanimous election to membership of the Council of that +body.</p> +<p>A strange event occurred in the afternoon, (it was the 11th of +March), to distract my thoughts. General Garibaldi, who had +been travelling <i>incognito</i>, and with the permission of the +French Government, given conditionally on the <i>incognito</i> +being strictly preserved, to visit his birthplace—Nice, +applied to me to know whether I would receive him if he stopped +at Monaco for a day on his return. I replied that I should +be glad to see him, the more so as I had met his son Ricciotti at +Greenwich in June 1870, at the dinner of the Cobden Club, to +which orgy he and I had both been lured <a +name="page65"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 65</span>by the +solicitations of the arch-gastronomist, the jovial Mr. T. B. +Potter. I did not add that our acquaintance had been +interrupted by the war in which the same clever and conceited +officer had cut up my cousin’s (the King of Wurtemberg) +troops at Châtillon-sur-Seine.</p> +<p>On the 12th the old General came, and I met him at the station +and drove him to the palace. The news that he was with me +soon spread through the town, and a mob collected at the palace +gates. The General, to whom I had given the +“bishop’s rooms,” which had once been occupied +by Monseigneur Dupanloup, his arch enemy, imagined that the crowd +was composed of his admirers, and, leaning upon his stick, he +proceeded to harangue them from the window of the private +apartments. Some hundreds of my subjects, I was afterwards +informed, had listened to him languidly enough until he <a +name="page66"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 66</span>began to +attack the Jesuits, when arose the uproar which brought me to his +room, and all my household into the courtyard. I begged him +to remember where he was, but the howling of the mob had excited +the old lion, and the more they threatened the more violently he +declaimed. When he was pulled into a chair by Major +Gasignol the mischief was done, and a maddened crowd was raging +on the <i>place</i> crying “à bas Garibaldi,” +“à bas les Communistes,” “à bas +le Prince.”</p> +<p>Colonel Jacquemet made his way to me and said, “Sir, I +can count on twenty of the sergeants and corporals who are in the +courtyard, ex-soldiers of your Highness’s ex-garde. +They are grand old soldiers, and with the strong walls to help +them will hold this <i>canaille</i> in check.”</p> +<p>He might have said, “Sir, I don’t like your <a +name="page67"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 67</span>ways, and +have disapproved of everything that you have done, but after all +you are the rightful Prince of Monaco, as well as a good fellow, +saving your Highness’s presence, and I am ready to die for +you.” He didn’t. He only spoke the words +that I have set down.</p> +<p>My answer was an unhesitating one.</p> +<p>“I, Prince Florestan the Reformer, am not going to hold +my throne by force if I can’t hold it by love; and, +moreover, if I wished to do so it is doubtful whether I could +succeed.”</p> +<p>As I spoke the crowd parted asunder, and I saw advancing +through it in a wedge the English blue-jackets from my yacht, +armed with cutlasses. A few stones were thrown at them, but +of these they took not the smallest notice. At their head +was the captain of the port, a native Monegascan, the very man +who years before had saved my sailor cousin from the <a +name="page68"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 68</span>waves. +They entered the courtyard, and I at once asked them to make +their way, with General Garibaldi in the midst, back to the +yacht, and steam with him to Mentone, land him, and return. +At the same time I sent for Father Pellico. It was lucky +the sailors had come, for I soon discovered that the carbineers +had made common cause with the mob, and that the sergeants who +were ready to die for me would not have escorted Garibaldi.</p> +<p>The mob howled dismally as he left, but he was embarked safely +just before Father Pellico reached the palace gate. I told +him that the General had left, and asked him whether this +concession would satisfy the crowd. He asked whether I was +prepared at the same time to give way about the schools. I +told him that if I thought that after doing so I could continue +to reign with advantage to the country and credit <a +name="page69"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 69</span>to myself I +would willingly give way, but that if he thought that in the +event of my abdication the public peace could be maintained until +a vote was taken to decide the future of the country, I should +prefer to return to my books and to my boat. He said that +he hoped that I should stop, but that if, on the other hand, I +went he thought that order would be maintained.</p> +<p>I bowed to him and said, “Père Pellico, you may +if you please occupy the throne of the Grimaldis. I shall +leave in an hour when the yacht returns.”</p> +<p>I went on to the balcony and attempted to address the +crowd. If they would have listened to a word I said I might +have turned them, but not a syllable could be heard. I +could not “address my remarks to the reporters,” +because owing to the wise precautions of my predecessor <a +name="page70"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 70</span>with regard +to the press there were none. I retired amid a shower of +small stones.</p> +<p>Colonel Jacquemet’s language was fearful to listen +to. The air was thick with his curses. I was reminded +of the question of a little girl friend of mine, who having been +taken out one day to an inspection by the Commander-in-Chief of +the garrison of Portsmouth upon Southsea common, asked on her +return home if “the Duke of Cambridge wasn’t a very +pious man,” explaining that she had heard him “say +his prayers”—alluding doubtless to His Royal +Highness’s favourite expression of “God bless my body +and soul!” If he had ever read history the colonel +would have known that the fire-eating d’Artagnan of +“Three Musketeers” renown once commanded the fortress +of Monaco for Louis the Fourteenth, under my ancestor the +Marshal, and he might have been inspired by <a +name="page71"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 71</span>a desire to +emulate his fame, but, as it was, he seemed chiefly moved by a +loathing for his tattered fellow-subjects. He wanted to mow +them with grape—of which we had none; he wanted to blow +them into the air—but to reason with him was useless, and I +was unable even to fix his attention enough to bid him +farewell.</p> +<p>As I left the palace, surrounded by the tars and preceded and +followed by the sergeants of the ex-garde, Abbé Ramin came +running up and seized me by the hand.</p> +<p>“Your Serene Highness must not leave us,” he +cried; “the people are irritated for a moment against their +prince, but happier days will come.”</p> +<p>“I can stop if I please, Abbé Ramin,” I +replied, “but only either by firing upon the people, or by +blockading them and depriving <a name="page72"></a><span +class="pagenum">p. 72</span>the women and children of the upper +town of their daily bread. I will do neither.”</p> +<p>“History will speak of your Highness as your Highness +deserves!”</p> +<p>“My dear friend—for I believe you are my only +friend in Monaco—I thank you for coming to bid me farewell, +but don’t talk of history, for history will only declare me +to have been an obstinate young fool.”</p> +<p>We moved off slowly down the hill amid the hisses of the +crowd. The sergeants formed square upon the quay, I +embraced Colonel Jacquemet and the Abbé, stepped into the +gig, and in a minute was on board. Steam was up, and the +next evening I landed at Marseilles.</p> +<p>By a telegram from the Abbé I learnt that an informal +vote of the adult male inhabitants of the principality had been +taken that day, and that the result was this:—</p> +<p style="text-align: center"><a name="page73"></a><span +class="pagenum">p. 73</span>For Annexation to France</p> +<p style="text-align: center">1131—<i>Oui</i>.<br /> +1—<i>Non</i>.</p> +<p>The <i>Non</i> was M. Blanc, who, being a Frenchman, ought not +to have been allowed to vote at all. I heard afterwards +that on learning my departure he had pronounced the following +epitaph upon me:—</p> +<p>“Ah le jeune homme est parti. Je m’y +attendais. Il aimait la liberté celui +là.”</p> +<p>The Casino is removed to Cairo, and M. Blanc’s eldest +daughter is to marry the Viceroy’s youngest son.</p> +<p>My tutor at Cambridge received me with a solemn face; but I +laughingly exclaimed, “You see, Sir, after all I did want +an <i>exeat</i>, even if an <i>absit</i> would not have +done.”</p> +<p>The only later news that I have to record is a letter from my +friend Gambetta, promising that when he becomes President of +France I <a name="page74"></a><span class="pagenum">p. +74</span>shall be préfêt of the Department of the +Alpes Maritimes, which includes my ex-dominions, on condition +that I am very moderate.</p> +<div class="gapspace"> </div> +<p style="text-align: center">END.</p> +<div class="gapspace"> </div> +<p>There is no moral that can be drawn from my fall applicable to +the present state of English politics. This may be seen +indeed from the comments of the only three English papers of last +Friday and Saturday that noticed it. The <i>Morning +Advertiser</i>, which, Tory as it is, prefers Radical-Orangeism +to Tory-Popery (and beer to both), classed me along with the +Tichborne claimant as a victim to the Jesuits, whereas I +wasn’t a victim at all; and if I had been, should have been +a victim to my own obstinacy, as I certainly could have stopped +at Monaco if I had pleased to do so—either by raising a +popular clamour against the priests, which would <a +name="page75"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 75</span>have been +immoral, or by accepting Père Pellico’s conditions, +which would have been humiliating. The <i>National +Reformer</i>, the organ of Mr. Bradlaugh, patted me on the back +as an ill-used republican; and the <i>Standard</i> said that my +fall showed the absolute necessity of maintaining the 25th clause +of the Education Act intact, which is what I could not for the +life of me see. On the contrary, so opposite are the +conditions of England and of Monaco, that what would have +succeeded in one would have failed in the other as a matter of +course. In England you have a divided church; an increasing +and active though still little numerous Catholic body; a +materialistic world of fashion which goes alternately to Mr. +Wilkinson and Canon Liddon, Mr. Haweis and Mr. Stopford Brooke, +and does not believe a word that any of them says—unless it +is Mr. Haweis, but then, doctrinally speaking, he says +nothing. <a name="page76"></a><span class="pagenum">p. +76</span>You have the old nonconformist bodies, able and powerful +still, though less powerful than before 1868; and you have the +Wesleyans, pulpy but rich. Outside of them all you have +people who believe two-thirds of them in the Bible pure and +simple, but with prominence given in their minds to the +communistic side of the New Testament, and one-third in nothing +unless it is Mr. Charles Watts, Mr. Austin Holyoake, and Mr. +Bradlaugh. The most flourishing publications in your +country are <i>Zadkiel’s Almanac</i> and <i>Reynolds’ +Newspaper</i>, belonging to the opposite poles, but equally at +war with all that is most powerful and rich and respectable in +your society. What resemblance is there in this state of +things, full of life but wholly wanting in unity, to that at +Monaco, dead, but single in faith? At Monaco all that +believed—and most believed—were earnest Catholics, +wielded <a name="page77"></a><span class="pagenum">p. +77</span>for political purposes by one man. Had my +parliamentary scheme been carried out the cumulative vote would +have been inoperative, and Mr. Hare had he been there would have +hanged himself from the castle flag-staff, for there was no +minority. As in East Prussia the peasants, suddenly +presented with universal suffrage by Von Bismarck and asked for +whom they would vote, said with one accord, “For the +King.”—“You +can’t”—“Then for the Crown +Prince”—so at Monaco the population would have +replied “for Père Pellico.”</p> +<p>All the same there is a moral to be drawn from my fall, and it +applies to the French Republic. I conjure my friends of the +French radical party not to let radicalism in France be bound up +with indecent speeches made over the graves at “civil +funerals,” or with the denial of the Immortality of the +Soul. In England, in <a name="page78"></a><span +class="pagenum">p. 78</span>spite of occasional attempts of the +<i>Standard</i> to couple “atheists” and +“republicans,” no such warning is needed; but in +France it comes almost too late. No system of government +can be permanent which has for its opponents all the women in the +country, and for supporters only half the men; and any party will +have for opponents all the women which couples the religious +question with the political and the social, and raises the flag +of materialism. Women are not likely to abandon the idea of +a compensation in the next world for the usage which too many of +them meet with in this.</p> +<p>As for my failure at Monaco, I went too fast. I agree +with Mr. Freeman, your English historian, that a sudden breach in +the continuity of national institutions is an evil, and that +“the witness of history teaches us that, in changing a long +established form of executive government, <a +name="page79"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 79</span>the more +gently and warily the work is done the more likely it is to be +lasting.” I could have stopped at Monaco by humbling +myself, but at all events I went too fast. If they take me +back, which I really think for their own sakes they had better +do, I will go much slower. But I have no time to write any +more, for I have been put without training into the first boat, +and we are to stop up during the greater portion of the Easter +“vac.,” as we have a capital chance of “keeping +head.”</p> +<p>***END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE FALL OF PRINCE FLORESTAN OF +MONACO***</p> +<pre> + + +***** This file should be named 40226-h.htm or 40226-h.zip****** + + +This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: +http://www.gutenberg.org/dirs/4/0/2/2/40226 + + + +Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions +will be renamed. + +Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no +one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation +(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without +permission and without paying copyright royalties. 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