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diff --git a/40122-h/40122-h.htm b/40122-h/40122-h.htm index 78ca5a3..1eb8f8b 100644 --- a/40122-h/40122-h.htm +++ b/40122-h/40122-h.htm @@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd"> <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en" lang="en"> <head> - <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html;charset=iso-8859-1" /> + <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html;charset=UTF-8" /> <meta http-equiv="Content-Style-Type" content="text/css" /> <title> The Project Gutenberg eBook of Glimpses Into The Abyss, by Mary Higgs. @@ -88,44 +88,7 @@ table { </style> </head> <body> - - -<pre> - -The Project Gutenberg EBook of Glimpses into the Abyss, by Mary Higgs - -This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with -almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or -re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included -with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org - - -Title: Glimpses into the Abyss - -Author: Mary Higgs - -Release Date: July 1, 2012 [EBook #40122] - -Language: English - -Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1 - -*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK GLIMPSES INTO THE ABYSS *** - - - - -Produced by Annie R. McGuire. This book was produced from -scanned images of public domain material from the Google -Print archive. - - - - - - -</pre> - +<div>*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK 40122 ***</div> <hr class="chap" /> <h1>GLIMPSES INTO THE ABYSS.</h1> @@ -474,10 +437,10 @@ beggars exceedingly pestered, by means whereof daily happened in the same realm horrible murders, thefts, and other great outrages."</p> <p>Since, therefore, a transition period leaves behind such a layer of -social <i>débris</i>, it is only to be expected that we should find the third +social <i>débris</i>, it is only to be expected that we should find the third great change that has passed over society, which is<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_7" id="Page_7">[Pg 7]</a></span> still recent, namely, the change to the industrial epoch, to be productive of another -layer of social <i>débris</i> or dust.</p> +layer of social <i>débris</i> or dust.</p> <h3>II. VAGRANCY FROM THE COMMENCEMENT OF THE NINETEENTH CENTURY.</h3> @@ -874,7 +837,7 @@ are mostly found to be seekers for work. Little short of a revolution may be made in preconceived opinion by actual experience.</p> <p>We all know that a rise in pauperism has taken place. In the year ending -Lady Day, 1904, £587,131 was expended in poor relief in excess of the +Lady Day, 1904, £587,131 was expended in poor relief in excess of the corresponding period 1903; 869,128 received relief, as against 847,480 in 1903, on January 1st. But these increases in <i>actual</i> pauperism represent enormous increases in <i>potential</i> pauperism. The hold of a @@ -1455,7 +1418,7 @@ vermin.<a name="FNanchor_33_33" id="FNanchor_33_33"></a><a href="#Footnote_33_33 which in the north cost 4<i>d</i>., cost 6<i>d</i>. A description is given by a male investigator of the state of such a lodging-house. The common sitting-room was a half-cellar with a concrete floor, very dirty, -<i>débris</i> of meals and dust were just swept under the tables. Spitting +<i>débris</i> of meals and dust were just swept under the tables. Spitting was in evidence everywhere. In the dormitory of another a notice was posted that "Gentlemen are requested not to go to bed in their boots!" Nevertheless it was evidently not obeyed. The state of the beds was such @@ -1486,7 +1449,7 @@ Council shelters."</p></blockquote> very dirty state. The beds and clothing were very dirty and insufficient. The bedding was so filthy that on the lodging-house keeper's attention being called to it he took the sheets off and put -them in the fireplace."<a name="FNanchor_35_35" id="FNanchor_35_35"></a><a href="#Footnote_35_35" class="fnanchor">[35]</a> Defendant was fined £3 and costs, but the +them in the fireplace."<a name="FNanchor_35_35" id="FNanchor_35_35"></a><a href="#Footnote_35_35" class="fnanchor">[35]</a> Defendant was fined £3 and costs, but the lodging-house was not suppressed.</p> <p>Such places as this breed disease, yet an honest working man travelling @@ -1656,7 +1619,7 @@ follows:</p> there were twenty-two and thirty-one sentences, each one being short, showing that the men entered prison almost as soon as out of it. The cost <i>without subsistence</i> for travelling<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_56" id="Page_56">[Pg 56]</a></span> expenses of prisoners and -escort amounted to £28 10<i>s</i>. for the two. They believe that "the +escort amounted to £28 10<i>s</i>. for the two. They believe that "the workman slipping out of employment" should be treated in a penal labour colony as "a patient requiring care, not as a criminal requiring punishment," and that his downward career should be checked before his @@ -1674,7 +1637,7 @@ vagrants, the Belgian labour colonies <i>arrest</i> their development. It is impossible to give a full account of the Belgian labour colonies. It will be found in the Report referred to. There are five, two for women and three for men. Those at Hoogstraeten and Wortel constitute a <i>Maison -de Refuge</i>, and<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_57" id="Page_57">[Pg 57]</a></span> that at Merxplas a <i>Depôt de Mendicité</i>. (See <a href="#APPENDIX_III">Appendix +de Refuge</i>, and<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_57" id="Page_57">[Pg 57]</a></span> that at Merxplas a <i>Depôt de Mendicité</i>. (See <a href="#APPENDIX_III">Appendix III.</a>)</p> <p>Simple vagrancy, on first detention, would involve detention at Wortel @@ -1711,16 +1674,16 @@ Director, consisting of solitary confinement on bread and water. Escape is easy and frequent, but men, if unable to support themselves, are soon committed again.</p> -<p>The cost is under £10 per year <i>including</i> cost of buildings, etc. (See +<p>The cost is under £10 per year <i>including</i> cost of buildings, etc. (See <a href="#Footnote_33_33">note 33</a>.)</p> -<p>At Lincoln Workhouse it is £16 per year <i>exclusive</i> of cost of +<p>At Lincoln Workhouse it is £16 per year <i>exclusive</i> of cost of buildings, etc.</p> -<p>English prisons cost £22 11<i>s</i>. per year <i>exclusive</i> of cost of +<p>English prisons cost £22 11<i>s</i>. per year <i>exclusive</i> of cost of buildings, etc.</p> -<p>English convict prisons, £28 per year <i>exclusive</i> of cost of buildings, +<p>English convict prisons, £28 per year <i>exclusive</i> of cost of buildings, etc.</p> <p>The writer has personally examined the <i>Danish</i> system of penal poor @@ -1807,7 +1770,7 @@ in one year."</p> <p>With regard to the labour colonies, which provide mainly for men weak in character and physique, one interesting fact is the merely nominal -expertise at which they can be run. The Luhterheim Colony costs £3,200 +expertise at which they can be run. The Luhterheim Colony costs £3,200 per annum, but the average cost per man after <i>all</i> expenses, including interest on borrowed capital, have been paid, is only 2<i>s</i>. 7<i>d</i>. per week. An error in the Board of Trade Report, 1893, describes the inmates @@ -1946,7 +1909,7 @@ other counties tell a different tale, the numbers being stationary or only slightly smaller for Bucks, Oxford, and Warwick.</p><p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_68" id="Page_68">[Pg 68]</a></span></p> <p>Worcestershire gives bread tickets to "selected honest wayfarers," but -nearly double the amount was spent, namely, £65 3<i>s</i>. 5<i>d</i>., to that +nearly double the amount was spent, namely, £65 3<i>s</i>. 5<i>d</i>., to that spent in Gloucestershire without selection. Colonel Curtis Hayward thinks discrimination impossible. Exact statistics for Worcestershire are not obtainable, but in nine unions the figures are:—</p> @@ -1972,7 +1935,7 @@ it.<a name="FNanchor_47_47" id="FNanchor_47_47"></a><a href="#Footnote_47_47" cl all wayfarers are worthless idlers, and the only proper way of dealing with them is to make the regulations of casual wards so universally severe that men will avoid them. I have no hesitation in saying that a -more erroneous idea could not exist. My experience is that when a <i>bonâ +more erroneous idea could not exist. My experience is that when a <i>bonâ fide</i> working man<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_69" id="Page_69">[Pg 69]</a></span> finds himself out of employment he very naturally commences to search for fresh employment in his own neighbourhood, but when funds get low he finds he must go further afield to try his luck, @@ -1986,7 +1949,7 @@ week or two of necessity and he finds it pay. In a few weeks you have a wards there should be in each municipal borough or urban district a State common lodging-house with labour yard, used also as a labour registry, and backed by labour colonies under control of the Prison -Commissioners.<a name="FNanchor_48_48" id="FNanchor_48_48"></a><a href="#Footnote_48_48" class="fnanchor">[48]</a> In 1904, £176 2<i>s</i>. 9<i>d</i>. covered expenses of 38,998 +Commissioners.<a name="FNanchor_48_48" id="FNanchor_48_48"></a><a href="#Footnote_48_48" class="fnanchor">[48]</a> In 1904, £176 2<i>s</i>. 9<i>d</i>. covered expenses of 38,998 bread tickets, and administration. He wishes the justices, if they convict, to have no option but to commit for third offence in one year (or on the sixth altogether) for begging, sleeping out, hawking without @@ -2019,8 +1982,8 @@ practically self-supporting, after first cost, by wise management. find out what suits English conditions. This is what makes each attempted colony now most valuable. Lingfield appears to be especially so, both as redeeming 40 per cent., as fitting them for emigration, and -also training helpers for social service. The capital cost was £160 per -head, the cost per man is £33. The inmates received are very +also training helpers for social service. The capital cost was £160 per +head, the cost per man is £33. The inmates received are very debilitated, and their work counts for <i>nil</i> on arrival. Hollesley Bay and Laindon have also been recently established.<a name="FNanchor_53_53" id="FNanchor_53_53"></a><a href="#Footnote_53_53" class="fnanchor">[53]</a> We must now proceed to consider the question from a national standpoint.</p> @@ -2127,7 +2090,7 @@ vagrants over last 10 years, and deficiency<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_7 wards transferred to police.<a name="FNanchor_68_68" id="FNanchor_68_68"></a><a href="#Footnote_68_68" class="fnanchor">[68]</a> (<a href="#APPENDIX_I">Appendix I</a>.)</p> <p>(6) To secure sufficient sanitary accommodation in every large centre -and on national routes, both for the destitute and for the <i>bonâ fide</i> +and on national routes, both for the destitute and for the <i>bonâ fide</i> working man.</p> <p>(7) To make uniform the supply of rations, the accommodation, and the @@ -2192,8 +2155,8 @@ maintain a larger population. To place the waste man on the waste land seems to be true social economy. It must be remembered also that, to the extent to which a pauper is made self-supporting, the money that before supported him is set free. If, for instance, the cost of a pauper could -be reduced from £12 (English workhouse) to £5 (Belgian labour colony), -£7 would be set free for other expenditure. The weight of the Poor Law +be reduced from £12 (English workhouse) to £5 (Belgian labour colony), +£7 would be set free for other expenditure. The weight of the Poor Law is heavy upon us. In London alone indoor paupers rose from 29,458 in 1857 to 61,545 in 1891. Besides this, enormous sums are spent in charity,<a name="FNanchor_74_74" id="FNanchor_74_74"></a><a href="#Footnote_74_74" class="fnanchor">[74]</a> which forms as it were an additional tax on the @@ -2259,7 +2222,7 @@ unions, for relief of the casual poor, (under sect. 8, Poor Law Act, This committee<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_82" id="Page_82">[Pg 82]</a></span> would have power to acquire land and erect buildings, and maintain inmates, etc. If a combination of several counties were effected, a 1<i>d</i>. rate on No. 11 district and Cheshire would produce -£129,000. Such a committee could arrange to dispense with certain +£129,000. Such a committee could arrange to dispense with certain workhouses and rent or lease others, to arrange for rules of travel, uniform administration, keeping children from vagrancy, the way-ticket system. Also for "test-houses" for the "work-shy" able-bodied. Perhaps @@ -2748,7 +2711,7 @@ cleanliness. The kitchen fire was lit—apparently it had never been out—and a kettle was on the bar; a working man was getting his breakfast ready; a girl, the landlady's daughter, apparently about 12, was sweeping the floor. We could now <i>see</i> the filth. The floor was -strewn with dirty paper, crumbs, and <i>débris</i>, and dirty sand. All the +strewn with dirty paper, crumbs, and <i>débris</i>, and dirty sand. All the cleaning it got was that it was swept and then freshly sanded by this small child. It then <i>looked</i> tidy. "Appearances" are proverbially "deceitful." But what we were not prepared for was, that all the wooden @@ -3514,7 +3477,7 @@ considering the real price of food, we paid for what we had. Cheap cups of tea are a preventative of evils. Thirsty men and women must drink. Surely a penny cup of tea easy to be obtained might keep many out of the public-house. Of course, we were ignorant of where to go to obtain cheap -food, but so, maybe, are other wanderers who are not habitués.</p> +food, but so, maybe, are other wanderers who are not habitués.</p> <p>Refreshed, but not satisfied, we began to search for S—— Street. No one knew where it was, so we had to resort to the usual refuge and @@ -3763,7 +3726,7 @@ could be interpreted as disobedience or "impudence." She turned a deaf ear to one poor, tired woman whose feet were swollen, and who wished to remain another night, and tried her<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_151" id="Page_151">[Pg 151]</a></span> best to order poor old Granny out. "You won't stay here," "You can walk right enough," "You won't come over -me with your tales." Fortunately for us, her régime was limited. We had +me with your tales." Fortunately for us, her régime was limited. We had altogether dealings with three officers. One was careful and stately, strict but kind, only not considerate in the matter of protecting our sleep. This one was "knotty," and the third far more kind. Fortunately @@ -4015,7 +3978,7 @@ were with "all sorts and conditions of women" but not the worst.</p> <p>There remains to be described a little Scotch woman, also married. She had been a servant, and was a "neat-handed Phyllis." Born near Glasgow she married south. Work failing, she and her husband had tramped the -weary miles to her friends in the hope of work. They had returned, <i>viâ</i> +weary miles to her friends in the hope of work. They had returned, <i>viâ</i> Barrow, and were bound further south, so far seeking work and finding none. They had become habituated to tramp wards on the long march, and could tell the character of most, and the stages of the journey.</p> @@ -4894,7 +4857,7 @@ destitute, fell at once into prostitution.<a name="FNanchor_111_111" id="FNancho be there were exceptions, but they would be but few. The inmates, probably about sixty, young and old, were living a life of sin, and we were told that the proprietor of this lodging-house owned fifteen -others. We learnt that a house could be taken for £2 11<i>s</i>. a week, and +others. We learnt that a house could be taken for £2 11<i>s</i>. a week, and 8<i>s</i>. for a servant. We learnt that most of the girls came home very late—many as late as two o'clock—and in such a state that they kept the others awake, singing and talking, drunk or maudlin. The house was @@ -5340,7 +5303,7 @@ me and told her story, was not, as yet, on the streets.<a name="FNanchor_119_119 been sent when five years old to an orphanage, and from that to a laundry home, where she had received a good education, and from which she got a good situation. She was not strong, however, and, becoming -anæmic, was sent to hospital. There she was questioned as to her +anæmic, was sent to hospital. There she was questioned as to her parents, whom she had not seen for years, and sent, when discharged, to the town where they lived to seek for them. She found her mother living in sin with another man, by whom she had children. Her father was a @@ -5941,7 +5904,7 @@ dirtiest person in it, and is a most ingeniously contrived hot-bed of infection.<a name="FNanchor_132_132" id="FNanchor_132_132"></a><a href="#Footnote_132_132" class="fnanchor">[132]</a></p> <p>After such a night, to descend to the unswept "living-room," to see the -débris of yesterday, possibly of days, lying in unsavoury dusty heaps +débris of yesterday, possibly of days, lying in unsavoury dusty heaps under the tables, to watch your fellow-lodgers proceed, without washing, to cook bacon in greasy pans, half washed at the only sink, to see the clothes, worn perhaps day and night, in various stages of uncleanliness, @@ -6201,7 +6164,7 @@ dirty looking. A window at one end was half underground. A fireplace on the right had bars and hobs, but no oven or range or proper kitchen convenience. This was, however, the living and cooking room. Plenty of garments were hanging up to dry on strings. Under the tables were heaps -of dirt and <i>débris</i>. A number of women were present sitting on forms, +of dirt and <i>débris</i>. A number of women were present sitting on forms, who seemed to be hawkers, or women gaining some scanty livelihood. The general conditions were much the same as in northern<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_258" id="Page_258">[Pg 258]</a></span> lodging-houses, where 4<i>d</i>. is charged for a bed, only the cooking facilities were @@ -6225,7 +6188,7 @@ that time no fellow-workers, I got my son subsequently to enter the male side of the same lodging-house. His account not only confirmed mine, but he found things worse than I had stated. The men's side had the same low half cellar, not properly lighted or ventilated, deficient cooking -accommodation, dirty floor and <i>débris</i>. In addition, the habit of +accommodation, dirty floor and <i>débris</i>. In addition, the habit of smoking and spitting rendered the place abominable. The deputy appeared to have no control, indeed, he<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_259" id="Page_259">[Pg 259]</a></span> laughed at extra filthy jests as if they were to be enjoyed. My son said he should have been afraid to specimen @@ -6432,7 +6395,7 @@ vagrant life is sweetest. This is how tramps are made.<a name="FNanchor_144_144" <h4><i>Note.</i></h4> <p>The severity of the treatment experienced in this tramp ward was such -that it brought on hæmorrhage, from which the author had not suffered +that it brought on hæmorrhage, from which the author had not suffered for years. She was obliged to remain in London ill, and to have medical attendance. Dr. Jane Walker and Mrs. Percy Bunting can vouch for the facts. Her fellow tramp was also ill and did not recover until she had @@ -7273,7 +7236,7 @@ with way-tickets (151-2, 180). P. <a href='#Page_81'><b>81</b></a>.</p> <h4><span class="smcap">Assistance to Work-seekers</span>.</h4> -<p>10. Tickets to be issued by the police to persons who are <i>bonâ fide</i> in +<p>10. Tickets to be issued by the police to persons who are <i>bonâ fide</i> in search of work (178). P. <a href='#Page_81'><b>81</b></a>.</p> <p>11. The ticket to be for a definite route, and available only for a @@ -7394,7 +7357,7 @@ children (418).</p><hr class="chap" /><p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_309 <tr><td align="left"><span class="smcap">Holland.</span></td><td align="left"><span class="smcap">Belgium</span>.</td></tr> </table></div> -<p>1818. Société de Benéficence established <i>Free Colonies</i> (<i>i.e.</i>, +<p>1818. Société de Benéficence established <i>Free Colonies</i> (<i>i.e.</i>, <i>Fredericksoord</i>, <i>Willemsoord</i>, and <i>Willewminsoord</i>). Population decreasing (1902, 1,460). Also <i>Beggar Colonies</i>, <i>Wortel</i> and <i>Merxplas</i>, handed over to Government in 1859.</p> @@ -7405,9 +7368,9 @@ decreasing (1902, 1,460). Also <i>Beggar Colonies</i>, <i>Wortel</i> and <table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary=""> <tr><td align="left"><span class="smcap">Holland</span> now possesses:</td><td align="left"><span class="smcap">Belgium</span> now possesses:</td></tr> <tr><td align="left"><i>Veenhuizen</i> for men: 3,000 to 4,000 inmates. Committed by magistrates, six months to three years.</td><td align="left"><i>Hoogstraeten</i>, <i>Wortel</i>, <i>"Maisons de Refuge,"</i> voluntary colonies.</td></tr> -<tr><td align="left"><i>Hoorn</i> for women: Vagrant class.</td><td align="left"><i>Merxplas "Depôt de Mendicité":</i> 5,110 inmates, 1905.</td></tr> +<tr><td align="left"><i>Hoorn</i> for women: Vagrant class.</td><td align="left"><i>Merxplas "Depôt de Mendicité":</i> 5,110 inmates, 1905.</td></tr> <tr><td align="left"></td><td align="left">Agricultural and industrial.</td></tr> -<tr><td align="left"></td><td align="left">Net annual cost per head, £9.</td></tr> +<tr><td align="left"></td><td align="left">Net annual cost per head, £9.</td></tr> <tr><td align="left"></td><td align="left">Average detention, 16 months.</td></tr> <tr><td align="left"></td><td align="left">Earnings per day, 1<i>d</i>. to 3<i>d</i>.</td></tr> <tr><td align="left"></td><td align="left">Vagrant class.</td></tr> @@ -7422,10 +7385,10 @@ decreasing (1902, 1,460). Also <i>Beggar Colonies</i>, <i>Wortel</i> and <tr><td align="left">Admission voluntary.</td><td align="left">Examples:</td></tr> <tr><td align="left">Example: <i>Wilhelmsdorf</i>, founded 1882. Agricultural.</td><td align="left"><i>Witzwyl:</i> About 200 inmates. Agricultural and industrial.</td></tr> <tr><td align="left">Small wage allowed.</td><td align="left"><i>Appenzell:</i> Pays its way.</td></tr> -<tr><td align="left">Also <i>Workhouses</i> (arbeits hauser), 24:</td><td align="left"><i>St. Johannsen:</i> £6 per head.</td></tr> -<tr><td align="left">Forced labour. Detention, one year. Accommodate 14,836. Cost small, e.g., <i>Westphalia</i>, cost £17 8<i>s</i>., earnings £8 14<i>s</i>.; <i>Moritzburg</i>, cost £14 9<i>s</i>. 2<i>d</i>., earnings £11 10<i>s</i>. 8<i>d</i>.</td><td align="left"><i>Lucerne:</i> £14 per head.</td></tr> +<tr><td align="left">Also <i>Workhouses</i> (arbeits hauser), 24:</td><td align="left"><i>St. Johannsen:</i> £6 per head.</td></tr> +<tr><td align="left">Forced labour. Detention, one year. Accommodate 14,836. Cost small, e.g., <i>Westphalia</i>, cost £17 8<i>s</i>., earnings £8 14<i>s</i>.; <i>Moritzburg</i>, cost £14 9<i>s</i>. 2<i>d</i>., earnings £11 10<i>s</i>. 8<i>d</i>.</td><td align="left"><i>Lucerne:</i> £14 per head.</td></tr> <tr><td align="left">Mainly handicrafts.</td><td align="left"><i>Voluntary Colonies:</i></td></tr> -<tr><td align="left"></td><td align="left">Example: <i>Herdern</i>, more expensive, £50 per head.</td></tr> +<tr><td align="left"></td><td align="left">Example: <i>Herdern</i>, more expensive, £50 per head.</td></tr> </table></div> <div class="center"> @@ -7433,8 +7396,8 @@ decreasing (1902, 1,460). Also <i>Beggar Colonies</i>, <i>Wortel</i> and <tr><td align="left"><span class="smcap">Hadleigh</span>.</td><td align="left"><span class="smcap">Lingfield</span>.</td></tr> <tr><td align="left"><i>Salvation Army.</i></td><td align="left"><i>Christian Social Brotherhood.</i></td></tr> <tr><td align="left"><i>Inmates:</i> Paupers, men from "Elevators," private cases.</td><td align="left"><i>Inmates:</i> Workhouse cases and inebriates; private cases.</td></tr> -<tr><td align="left"><i>Capital cost</i>, about £300 per head.</td><td align="left"><i>Capital cost</i>, about £160 per head.</td></tr> -<tr><td align="left"><i>Average annual cost</i>, nearly £34 per head.</td><td align="left"><i>Average annual cost</i>, £33 per head.</td></tr> +<tr><td align="left"><i>Capital cost</i>, about £300 per head.</td><td align="left"><i>Capital cost</i>, about £160 per head.</td></tr> +<tr><td align="left"><i>Average annual cost</i>, nearly £34 per head.</td><td align="left"><i>Average annual cost</i>, £33 per head.</td></tr> <tr><td align="left">Agriculture and brick-making.</td><td align="left">Training in farm and dairy work.</td></tr> <tr><td align="left"></td><td align="left">Forty per cent. emigrate to Canada.</td></tr> </table></div> @@ -7605,7 +7568,7 @@ town.</p> probably for only seven days.</p> <p>(2) Such short sentences are not deterrent, and are very costly. Two -vagrants cost in travelling expenses alone £12 and £16 10<i>s</i>. Hardly any +vagrants cost in travelling expenses alone £12 and £16 10<i>s</i>. Hardly any work can be exacted during a short sentence.</p> <p>The committee recommend that a minimum sentence of one day should be @@ -8207,7 +8170,7 @@ alluded to. It would be interesting to investigate how many of the years, but have found it impossible to keep a foothold. As <i>capacity</i> rises, the strata of "inefficient" must be left behind.</p></div> -<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_10_10" id="Footnote_10_10"></a><a href="#FNanchor_10_10"><span class="label">[10]</span></a> In section 79 the Report deals with the <i>bonâ fide</i> +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_10_10" id="Footnote_10_10"></a><a href="#FNanchor_10_10"><span class="label">[10]</span></a> In section 79 the Report deals with the <i>bonâ fide</i> working man looking for work. The author believes that though the Committee regarded such as only a small proportion, this does not represent the real facts. If, as is stated, the number of "vagrants" @@ -8400,8 +8363,8 @@ Vagrancy Report.</p></div> <div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_39_39" id="Footnote_39_39"></a><a href="#FNanchor_39_39"><span class="label">[39]</span></a> An account of the labour colonies in Holland, Belgium, Germany, and Switzerland is given in the Vagrancy Report, sections -228-256. In Germany the average net cost is £6 per head per year. At -Merxplas, Belgium, it is £9. See also <a href="#APPENDIX_III">Appendix III</a>.</p></div> +228-256. In Germany the average net cost is £6 per head per year. At +Merxplas, Belgium, it is £9. See also <a href="#APPENDIX_III">Appendix III</a>.</p></div> <div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_40_40" id="Footnote_40_40"></a><a href="#FNanchor_40_40"><span class="label">[40]</span></a> The German Relief System is described (sections 168-170), Vagrancy Report. The adoption universally of the way-ticket and @@ -8507,7 +8470,7 @@ Report.</p></div> <div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_73_73" id="Footnote_73_73"></a><a href="#FNanchor_73_73"><span class="label">[73]</span></a> Section 300, Vagrancy Report.</p></div> -<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_74_74" id="Footnote_74_74"></a><a href="#FNanchor_74_74"><span class="label">[74]</span></a> It is estimated that £100,000 is given away in London in a +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_74_74" id="Footnote_74_74"></a><a href="#FNanchor_74_74"><span class="label">[74]</span></a> It is estimated that £100,000 is given away in London in a year to street beggars (section 386, Vagrancy Report).</p></div> <div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_75_75" id="Footnote_75_75"></a><a href="#FNanchor_75_75"><span class="label">[75]</span></a> "We believe that the best and simplest method of securing @@ -8518,8 +8481,8 @@ them weekly to spend, if they like, at the canteen of the colony." Vagrancy Report, section 260.</p></div> <div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_76_76" id="Footnote_76_76"></a><a href="#FNanchor_76_76"><span class="label">[76]</span></a> See enormous cost of casual wards, Vagrancy Report, Chap. -IX. Paddington cost £195, Poplar £219, and Hackney £346 <i>per head</i>. The -<i>average</i> cost in the country is £60 and in London £150 per head. See +IX. Paddington cost £195, Poplar £219, and Hackney £346 <i>per head</i>. The +<i>average</i> cost in the country is £60 and in London £150 per head. See also "The Extravagance of the Poor Law," <i>Contemporary Review</i>, June, 1906.</p></div> @@ -8749,381 +8712,6 @@ ensure admission to <i>all really destitute</i>.</p></div> <div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_162_162" id="Footnote_162_162"></a><a href="#FNanchor_162_162"><span class="label">[162]</span></a> See <a href="#APPENDIX_VII">Appendix VII</a>.</p></div></div> - - - - - - - -<pre> - - - - - -End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Glimpses into the Abyss, by Mary Higgs - -*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK GLIMPSES INTO THE ABYSS *** - -***** This file should be named 40122-h.htm or 40122-h.zip ***** -This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: - http://www.gutenberg.org/4/0/1/2/40122/ - -Produced by Annie R. McGuire. 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