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diff --git a/40000-h/40000-h.htm b/40000-h/40000-h.htm index b120440..756d1f8 100644 --- a/40000-h/40000-h.htm +++ b/40000-h/40000-h.htm @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd"> <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en" lang="en"> <head> - <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1" /> + <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" /> <title> Extinct Birds </title> @@ -83,49 +83,7 @@ </style> </head> <body> - - -<pre> - -The Project Gutenberg EBook of Extinct Birds, by Walter Rothschild - -This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with -almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or -re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included -with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org/license - - -Title: Extinct Birds - An attempt to unite in one volume a short account of those - Birds which have become extinct in historical times. - -Author: Walter Rothschild - -Release Date: June 15, 2012 [EBook #40000] - -Language: English - -Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1 - -*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK EXTINCT BIRDS *** - - - - -Produced by Chris Curnow, Keith Edkins and the Online -Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This -file was produced from images generously made available -by The Internet Archive. Plate 4a, which is missing from -the I.A. copy, was taken from Wikimedia Commons, where it -is stated to be in the public domain.) - - - - - - -</pre> - +<div>*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK 40000 ***</div> <table border="0" cellpadding="10" style="background-color: #ccccff; width:100%;"> <tr> @@ -181,7 +139,7 @@ E.C.</h6> could not see my way to publish the lecture and drawings, in book form, as these plates were far too numerous for the proceedings of the Congress. After some hesitation I determined to do this, greatly owing to - the persuasion of the late Dr. Paul Leverkühn. The preparation of a book + the persuasion of the late Dr. Paul Leverkühn. The preparation of a book required considerably more research than the lecture, and therefore my readers will find, in the following pages, a totally different account to that in the lecture, as well as corrections and numerous additions. The @@ -481,7 +439,7 @@ E.C.</h6> <td> North Island, New Zealand.</td></tr> <tr><td> <i>Pogonornis cincta</i></td> <td> North Island, New Zealand.</td></tr> -<tr><td> <i>Hypotaenidia mülleri</i></td> +<tr><td> <i>Hypotaenidia mülleri</i></td> <td> Auckland Island.</td></tr> <tr><td> <i>Mergus australis</i></td> <td> Auckland Island.</td></tr> @@ -500,9 +458,9 @@ E.C.</h6> <tr><td> <i>Pareudiastes pacificus</i></td> <td> Samoa.</td></tr> <tr><td> <i>Nesomimus trifasciatus</i></td> -<td> Charles? and Gardener<br /><span class="gap"></span>Island, Galápagos Islands.</td></tr> +<td> Charles? and Gardener<br /><span class="gap"></span>Island, Galápagos Islands.</td></tr> <tr><td> <i>Phalacrocorax harrisi</i></td> -<td> Galápagos Islands.</td></tr> +<td> Galápagos Islands.</td></tr> <tr><td> <i>Meleagris americana</i></td> <td> United States.</td></tr> <tr><td> <i>Conurus carolinensis</i></td> @@ -704,7 +662,7 @@ E.C.</h6> <blockquote class="b2n"> - <p>(On p. 331, in chapter XV., first mention of the Réunion Dodo.)</p> + <p>(On p. 331, in chapter XV., first mention of the Réunion Dodo.)</p> </blockquote> @@ -738,7 +696,7 @@ E.C.</h6> <blockquote class="b1n"> - <p>*1638 and 1651. <span class="sc">Cauche.</span> Rélations véritables + <p>*1638 and 1651. <span class="sc">Cauche.</span> Rélations véritables et curieuses de l'isle de Madagascar. (Two editions.)</p> </blockquote> @@ -751,9 +709,9 @@ E.C.</h6> <blockquote class="b1n"> - <p>1640. <span class="sc">Père Bouton.</span> Relation de l'établ. des - Français dep. 1635, en l'ile Martinique, l'vne des antilles de - l'Amérique.</p> + <p>1640. <span class="sc">Père Bouton.</span> Relation de l'établ. des + Français dep. 1635, en l'ile Martinique, l'vne des antilles de + l'Amérique.</p> </blockquote> @@ -773,7 +731,7 @@ E.C.</h6> <blockquote class="b2n"> - <p>(On p. 6 mention of the Réunion Dodo.)</p> + <p>(On p. 6 mention of the Réunion Dodo.)</p> </blockquote> @@ -793,15 +751,15 @@ E.C.</h6> <blockquote class="b1n"> <p>1658. <span class="sc">Histoire Naturelle et Morale des Iles Antilles - de l'Amérique.</span> Enrichie de pleusieurs belles figures des Raretez - les plus considerables qui y sont d'écrites. Avec un vocabulaire caraïbe. + de l'Amérique.</span> Enrichie de pleusieurs belles figures des Raretez + les plus considerables qui y sont d'écrites. Avec un vocabulaire caraïbe. Rotterdam 1658.</p> </blockquote> <blockquote class="b2n"> - <p>(The title-page has no author's name, but according to Père du Tertre + <p>(The title-page has no author's name, but according to Père du Tertre the author is "Le Sieur de Rochefort, Ministre de Rotterdam." Contains important notes on former bird-life on the Antilles.)</p> @@ -829,16 +787,16 @@ E.C.</h6> <blockquote class="b1n"> - <p>1667. <span class="sc">Du Tertre.</span> Histoire générale des - Antilles habitées par les François. Tome II, contenant l'Histoire + <p>1667. <span class="sc">Du Tertre.</span> Histoire générale des + Antilles habitées par les François. Tome II, contenant l'Histoire Naturelle. Paris 1667.</p> </blockquote> <blockquote class="b2n"> - <p>(On p. 246. Traite V. Des animaux de l'air. § I, Les Arras. § II, Des - Perroquets. § III, Des Perriques.)</p> + <p>(On p. 246. Traite V. Des animaux de l'air. § I, Les Arras. § II, Des + Perroquets. § III, Des Perriques.)</p> </blockquote> @@ -846,9 +804,9 @@ E.C.</h6> <p>1668. <span class="sc">Historische Beschreibung der Antillen Inseln in America gelegen.</span> In sich begreiffend deroselben Gelegenheit, - darinnen befindl. natürl. Sachen, sampt deren Einwohner Sitten und - Gebraüchen. Von dem Herrn de Rochefort, zum zweiten mahl in Französischer - sprach an den Tag gegeben, nunmehr aber in die Teutsche übersetzet. + darinnen befindl. natürl. Sachen, sampt deren Einwohner Sitten und + Gebraüchen. Von dem Herrn de Rochefort, zum zweiten mahl in Französischer + sprach an den Tag gegeben, nunmehr aber in die Teutsche übersetzet. Frankfurt 1668.</p> </blockquote> @@ -861,7 +819,7 @@ E.C.</h6> <blockquote class="b1n"> - <p>*1668. <span class="sc">Carré</span>, Voyage des Indes Orientales.</p> + <p>*1668. <span class="sc">Carré</span>, Voyage des Indes Orientales.</p> </blockquote> @@ -886,9 +844,9 @@ E.C.</h6> <blockquote class="b1n"> - <p>1674. <span class="sc">Père Dubois.</span> Les Voyages faits par le + <p>1674. <span class="sc">Père Dubois.</span> Les Voyages faits par le Sieur D.B. aux Isles Dauphine ou Madagascar, et Bourbon, ou Mascarenne, - és années 1669-70-71-72.</p> + és années 1669-70-71-72.</p> </blockquote> @@ -898,14 +856,14 @@ E.C.</h6> the map of Sanson belonging to it.)</p> <p>(On p. 168 we find "Description de quelques Oyseaux de l'Isle de - Bourbon," with figures of the "Géant" and "Solitaire.")</p> + Bourbon," with figures of the "Géant" and "Solitaire.")</p> </blockquote> <blockquote class="b1n"> - <p>1696. <span class="sc">Thevenot, M. Melchisedec.</span> Rélations de - divers voyages curieux qui nont point este' publié'es. Nouvelle Edition. + <p>1696. <span class="sc">Thevenot, M. Melchisedec.</span> Rélations de + divers voyages curieux qui nont point este' publié'es. Nouvelle Edition. Vol. I, II, 1696.</p> </blockquote> @@ -920,8 +878,8 @@ E.C.</h6> <blockquote class="b1n"> - <p>1707. <span class="sc">Leguat, François.</span> Voyages et Avantures - de François Leguat, et de ses Compagnons, en deux Isles desertes des + <p>1707. <span class="sc">Leguat, François.</span> Voyages et Avantures + de François Leguat, et de ses Compagnons, en deux Isles desertes des Indes Orientales. Londres 1707.</p> <p>1708. <span class="sc">Leguat, Francis.</span> A New Voyage to the @@ -955,7 +913,7 @@ E.C.</h6> <blockquote class="b1n"> <p>1722. <span class="sc">Labat, Jean Baptiste.</span> Nouveau Voyage aux - Iles de l'Amérique contenant l'histoire naturelle de ces pays. Paris + Iles de l'Amérique contenant l'histoire naturelle de ces pays. Paris 1722. 6 vols.</p> </blockquote> @@ -991,8 +949,8 @@ E.C.</h6> <blockquote class="b1n"> - <p>1763. <span class="sc">L'Abbé de la Caille.</span> Journal Historique - du Voyage fait au Cap de Bonne-espérance.</p> + <p>1763. <span class="sc">L'Abbé de la Caille.</span> Journal Historique + du Voyage fait au Cap de Bonne-espérance.</p> </blockquote> @@ -1004,8 +962,8 @@ E.C.</h6> <blockquote class="b1n"> - <p>1773. <span class="sc">Voyage a l'isle de France</span>, à l'isle de - Bourbon, au Cap de Bonne Espérance, etc. Avec des observations nouvelles + <p>1773. <span class="sc">Voyage a l'isle de France</span>, à l'isle de + Bourbon, au Cap de Bonne Espérance, etc. Avec des observations nouvelles sur la nature et sur les hommes. Par un officier du roi. Neuchatel 1773.</p> @@ -1024,7 +982,7 @@ E.C.</h6> <blockquote class="b1n"> <p>1782. <span class="sc">Sonnerat.</span> Voyage aux iles orientales et - à la Chine. Two volumes, 1782.</p> + à la Chine. Two volumes, 1782.</p> </blockquote> @@ -1121,8 +1079,8 @@ E.C.</h6> <blockquote class="b1n"> - <p>1807. <span class="sc">M. F. Péron.</span> Voyage de découvertes aux - terres australes, exécuté par ordre de Sa Majesté l'Empereur et Roi, + <p>1807. <span class="sc">M. F. Péron.</span> Voyage de découvertes aux + terres australes, exécuté par ordre de Sa Majesté l'Empereur et Roi, etc., etc. 2 vols. 1807 and 1816 and Atlas.</p> </blockquote> @@ -1130,8 +1088,8 @@ E.C.</h6> <blockquote class="b2n"> <p>(On p. 467 is described the Little Emu from Kangaroo Island, which I - have named <i>Dromaius peronii</i>, in honour of its discoverer, François - Péron. A memoir of this extraordinary and admirable man's short and + have named <i>Dromaius peronii</i>, in honour of its discoverer, François + Péron. A memoir of this extraordinary and admirable man's short and brilliant life will be found in Vol. VI of the "Naturalist's Library," Edinburgh, 1843.)</p> @@ -1139,9 +1097,9 @@ E.C.</h6> <blockquote class="b1n"> - <p>1810. <span class="sc">André Pierre Ledru.</span> Voyage aux iles de - Ténériffe, la Trinité, Saint-Thomas, Sainte-Croix et Porto-Ricco, exécuté - par ordre du Gouvern. français, etc., etc. Two volumes, 1810.</p> + <p>1810. <span class="sc">André Pierre Ledru.</span> Voyage aux iles de + Ténériffe, la Trinité, Saint-Thomas, Sainte-Croix et Porto-Ricco, exécuté + par ordre du Gouvern. français, etc., etc. Two volumes, 1810.</p> </blockquote> @@ -1149,7 +1107,7 @@ E.C.</h6> <p>(In Vol. II, page 39, are mentioned various birds as occurring on the Danish West-Indian Islands, which are not found there at present. "Un - todier, nommé vulgairement perroquet de terre" and seven species of + todier, nommé vulgairement perroquet de terre" and seven species of Humming-Birds!)</p> </blockquote> @@ -1188,7 +1146,7 @@ E.C.</h6> <blockquote class="b1n"> - <p>1830. <span class="sc">Kittlitz.</span> Mémoires Acad. Sc. Pétersburg + <p>1830. <span class="sc">Kittlitz.</span> Mémoires Acad. Sc. Pétersburg I.</p> </blockquote> @@ -1256,8 +1214,8 @@ E.C.</h6> <blockquote class="b1n"> - <p>1848. <span class="sc">Edm. de Sélys-Longchamps.</span> Résumé - concern, les Oiseaux brévipennes mentionnés dans l'ouvrage de M. + <p>1848. <span class="sc">Edm. de Sélys-Longchamps.</span> Résumé + concern, les Oiseaux brévipennes mentionnés dans l'ouvrage de M. Strickland sur le Dodo.</p> </blockquote> @@ -1304,14 +1262,14 @@ E.C.</h6> <blockquote class="b1n"> <p>1851. <span class="sc">Is. Geoffroy-Saint-Hilaire.</span> Notice sur - des ossements et des oeufs trouvés a Madagascar dans les alluvions + des ossements et des oeufs trouvés a Madagascar dans les alluvions modernes, et provenant d'un oiseau gigantesque.</p> </blockquote> <blockquote class="b2n"> - <p>In Annales des Scienc. Naturelles, 13 série. Zoologie, tome 40.</p> + <p>In Annales des Scienc. Naturelles, 13 série. Zoologie, tome 40.</p> <p>(This volume is dated "1850," but the above article is said to have been read before the Academy on January 27, 1851, therefore the date of @@ -1472,7 +1430,7 @@ E.C.</h6> <blockquote class="b1n"> <p>1867. <span class="sc">Alfred Newton.</span> On a Picture supposed to - represent the Didine Bird of the Island of Bourbon (Réunion).</p> + represent the Didine Bird of the Island of Bourbon (Réunion).</p> </blockquote> @@ -1498,14 +1456,14 @@ E.C.</h6> <blockquote class="b1n"> <p>1868. <span class="sc">Frauenfeld, George Ritter von.</span> Neu - aufgefundene Abbildung des <i>Dronte</i> und eines zweiten kurzflügligen - Vogels, wahrscheinlich des poule rouge au bec de bécasse der Maskarenen, + aufgefundene Abbildung des <i>Dronte</i> und eines zweiten kurzflügligen + Vogels, wahrscheinlich des poule rouge au bec de bécasse der Maskarenen, in der Privatbibliothek S.M. des verstorbenen Kaisers Franz. Wien 1868. Mit 4 Tafeln.</p> - <p>1868. <span class="sc">Schlegel & Pollen.</span> Mammifères et + <p>1868. <span class="sc">Schlegel & Pollen.</span> Mammifères et Oiseaux, in: Pollen et von Dam, Recherches sur la faune de Madagascar et - de ses dépendances. Leyde 1868.</p> + de ses dépendances. Leyde 1868.</p> <p>1868. <span class="sc">Owen</span>, on Moas in Trans. Zool. Soc. London, VI.</p> @@ -1636,7 +1594,7 @@ E.C.</h6> <blockquote class="b1n"> - <p>1873. <span class="sc">Christmann und Oberländer.</span> Ozeanien.</p> + <p>1873. <span class="sc">Christmann und Oberländer.</span> Ozeanien.</p> </blockquote> @@ -1658,7 +1616,7 @@ E.C.</h6> <blockquote class="b2n"> - <p>In Ann. Sciences naturelles sér. V, Tome XIX, article 3 + <p>In Ann. Sciences naturelles sér. V, Tome XIX, article 3 (<i>Erythromachus</i>, <i>Strix murivora</i>, <i>Columba rodericana</i>, etc.)</p> @@ -1837,7 +1795,7 @@ E.C.</h6> <blockquote class="b1n"> - <p>1879. <span class="sc">Günther and E. Newton</span>, on + <p>1879. <span class="sc">Günther and E. Newton</span>, on <i>Aphanapteryx leguati</i> in Philosophical Transactions. Vol. 168, pp. 431-432, pl. XLIII.</p> @@ -1944,7 +1902,7 @@ E.C.</h6> <blockquote class="b1n"> <p>1889. <span class="sc">A. de Quatrefages.</span> Nouvelle Preuve de - l'Extinction récente des Moas.</p> + l'Extinction récente des Moas.</p> </blockquote> @@ -1956,14 +1914,14 @@ E.C.</h6> <blockquote class="b1n"> - <p>1889. <span class="sc">F. C. Noll.</span> Die Veränderung in der + <p>1889. <span class="sc">F. C. Noll.</span> Die Veränderung in der Vogelwelt im Laufe der Zeit.</p> </blockquote> <blockquote class="b2n"> - <p>In: Bericht über die Senckenberg. Naturf. Gesellsch. in Frankf.-a.-M. + <p>In: Bericht über die Senckenberg. Naturf. Gesellsch. in Frankf.-a.-M. 1887-1888, pp. 77-142.</p> </blockquote> @@ -2161,10 +2119,10 @@ E.C.</h6> <blockquote class="b1n"> <p>1893. <span class="sc">Milne-Edwards & Oustalet.</span> Notice sur - quelques espèces d'oiseaux actuellement éteintes qui se trouvent - représentées dans les collections du muséum d'histoire naturelle. In: - Centenaire de la fondation du muséum d'histoire naturelle. Volume - commémoratif publié par les professeurs du Muséum. Pp. 189-252, pls. + quelques espèces d'oiseaux actuellement éteintes qui se trouvent + représentées dans les collections du muséum d'histoire naturelle. In: + Centenaire de la fondation du muséum d'histoire naturelle. Volume + commémoratif publié par les professeurs du Muséum. Pp. 189-252, pls. I-V.</p> </blockquote> @@ -2182,7 +2140,7 @@ E.C.</h6> <p>1893. <span class="sc">Sir E. Newton and Gadow.</span> On additional Bones of the Dodo and other Extinct Birds of Mauritius obtained by Mr. - Théodore Sauzier.</p> + Théodore Sauzier.</p> </blockquote> @@ -2247,7 +2205,7 @@ E.C.</h6> <p>1893. <span class="sc">F. W. Hutton.</span> On <i>Anomalopteryx antiqua</i>. T.c. p. 14, pl. IV.</p> - <p>*1893. <span class="sc">R. Burckhardt</span>, in Paläontolog. Abhandl. + <p>*1893. <span class="sc">R. Burckhardt</span>, in Paläontolog. Abhandl. VI, Heft 2, pp. 127-145, Taf. 1-4.</p> </blockquote> @@ -2324,7 +2282,7 @@ E.C.</h6> <blockquote class="b2n"> - <p>In: Comptes Rendus hebd. des Séances de l'Acad. d. Sciences, Paris, + <p>In: Comptes Rendus hebd. des Séances de l'Acad. d. Sciences, Paris, Vol. CXVIII, Part I, pp. 122-127.</p> </blockquote> @@ -2460,7 +2418,7 @@ E.C.</h6> <blockquote class="b1n"> <p>1896. <span class="sc">G. Hartlaub.</span> Ein Beitrag zur Geschichte - der ausgestorbenen Vögel der Neuzeit, sowie derjenigen, deren + der ausgestorbenen Vögel der Neuzeit, sowie derjenigen, deren Fortbestehen bedroht erscheint.</p> </blockquote> @@ -2524,8 +2482,8 @@ E.C.</h6> <blockquote class="b1n"> <p>1900. <span class="sc">W. Wolterstorff.</span> Ausgestorbene - Riesenvögel. Vortrag, gehalten im Naturwissenschaftlichen Verein zu - Magdeburg. Mit zwei Abbildungen. Stuttgart. Verlag von E. Nägele.</p> + Riesenvögel. Vortrag, gehalten im Naturwissenschaftlichen Verein zu + Magdeburg. Mit zwei Abbildungen. Stuttgart. Verlag von E. Nägele.</p> <p>1900. <span class="sc">A. Mertens.</span> Die Moas im Naturwissenschaftl. Museum zu Magdeburg. Mit 2 Abbildungen.</p> @@ -2534,7 +2492,7 @@ E.C.</h6> <blockquote class="b2n"> - <p>In: Jahresbericht Naturwiss. Vereins zu Magdeburg für 1898-1900. (Pp. + <p>In: Jahresbericht Naturwiss. Vereins zu Magdeburg für 1898-1900. (Pp. 1-24 in separate copy.)</p> </blockquote> @@ -2545,7 +2503,7 @@ E.C.</h6> Hawaiian group.</p> <p>1902. <span class="sc">Walter Rothschild and Ernst Hartert.</span> - Further notes on the fauna of the Galápagos Islands.</p> + Further notes on the fauna of the Galápagos Islands.</p> </blockquote> @@ -2578,7 +2536,7 @@ E.C.</h6> <p>1903. <span class="sc">Wilhelm Blasius.</span> Der Riesenalk, <i>Alca impennis</i> L. In the New Edition of Naumann called "Naumann, - Naturgeschichte der Vögel Mitteleuropas" (sic), vol. XII, pp. 169-208, + Naturgeschichte der Vögel Mitteleuropas" (sic), vol. XII, pp. 169-208, pls. 17, 17A-17D, 1903.</p> </blockquote> @@ -2607,14 +2565,14 @@ E.C.</h6> <p><!-- Page xxvi --><span class="pagenum"><a name="pagexxvi"></a>{xxvi}</span></p> - <p>1903. <span class="sc">M. Guillaume Grandidier.</span> Contribution à - l'étude de l'Epiornis de Madagascar.</p> + <p>1903. <span class="sc">M. Guillaume Grandidier.</span> Contribution à + l'étude de l'Epiornis de Madagascar.</p> </blockquote> <blockquote class="b2n"> - <p>In: Comptes Rendus des Séances de l'Acad. Sc., Paris 1903 (pp. 1-3 in + <p>In: Comptes Rendus des Séances de l'Acad. Sc., Paris 1903 (pp. 1-3 in separate copy.)</p> </blockquote> @@ -2634,7 +2592,7 @@ E.C.</h6> <blockquote class="b1n"> - <p>1903. <span class="sc">Paul Carié.</span> Observations sur quelques + <p>1903. <span class="sc">Paul Carié.</span> Observations sur quelques oiseaux de l'ile Maurice.</p> </blockquote> @@ -2839,7 +2797,7 @@ E.C.</h6> <p><span class="hid">0</span><a href="#plate9">9</a>. <i>Mascarinus mascarinus</i>. From the drawing in the Volume - commémoratif, Centenaire Mus. Paris.</p> + commémoratif, Centenaire Mus. Paris.</p> <p><a href="#plate10">10</a>. <i>Ara tricolor</i>. From specimen in the Liverpool Museum. <!-- Page xxviii --><span class="pagenum"><a @@ -2878,7 +2836,7 @@ E.C.</h6> specimen in the Tring Museum.</p> <p><a href="#plate22">22</a>. <i>Alectroenas nitidissima</i>. From the - plate in the Volume commémoratif du Centenaire, Mus. Paris.</p> + plate in the Volume commémoratif du Centenaire, Mus. Paris.</p> <p><a href="#plate23">23</a>. <i>Pezophaps solitaria</i>. Made up from descriptions and ancient drawings.</p> @@ -3044,9 +3002,9 @@ E.C.</h6> Dauphine ou Madagascar, et Bourbon ou Mascarenne, etc., p. 172 (1674—Bourbon).</p> - <p><i>Huppe du Cap de Bonne Espérance</i> Daubenton, Pl. Enl. 697.</p> + <p><i>Huppe du Cap de Bonne Espérance</i> Daubenton, Pl. Enl. 697.</p> - <p><i>Huppe noire et blanche du Cap de Bonne Espérance</i> Montbeillard, + <p><i>Huppe noire et blanche du Cap de Bonne Espérance</i> Montbeillard, Hist. Nat. Ois. VI, p. 463 (1779).</p> <p><i>Madagascar Hoopoe</i> Latham, Gen. Syn. B. II pt. I, p. 690 @@ -3061,7 +3019,7 @@ E.C.</h6> <p><i>La Huppe grise</i> Audebert et Vieillot, Ois. Dor., "Promerops" p. 15 pl. III (1802).</p> - <p><i>Le Mérops huppé</i> Levaillant, Hist. Nat. Promérops, etc., p. 43, + <p><i>Le Mérops huppé</i> Levaillant, Hist. Nat. Promérops, etc., p. 43, pl. 18 (1806).</p> <p><i>Upupa madagascariensis</i> Shaw, Gen. Zool. VIII, pt. I, p. 140 @@ -3075,7 +3033,7 @@ E.C.</h6> <p><i>Fregilupus borbonicus</i> Vinson, Bull. Soc. d'Acclimat 1868, p. 627.</p> - <p><i>Fregilupus varius</i> Hartlaub, Vög. Madagasc. p. 203 (1877); + <p><i>Fregilupus varius</i> Hartlaub, Vög. Madagasc. p. 203 (1877); Sharpe, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. XIII p. 194 (1890); Milne-Edwards & Oustalet, Centenaire Mus. Hist. Nat., p. 205, pl. II (1893).</p> @@ -3083,7 +3041,7 @@ E.C.</h6> <p><span class="uc"><span class="di">A</span>s</span> long ago as 1674 a note about the "Huppe" exists, by "Le Sieur D.B.," <i>i.e.</i>, Dubois. - He says, when describing the birds of Réunion (translated): "Hoopoes or + He says, when describing the birds of Réunion (translated): "Hoopoes or 'Callendres,' having a white tuft on the head, the rest of the plumage white and grey, the bill and the feet like a bird of prey; they are a little larger than the young pigeons; this is another good game @@ -3114,12 +3072,12 @@ E.C.</h6> near St. Joseph. The old creoles told me that, in their youth, these birds were still common, and that they were so stupid that one could kill them with sticks. They call this bird the "Hoopoe." It is, therefore, not - wrong what a distinguished inhabitant of Réunion, Mr. A. Legras, wrote + wrong what a distinguished inhabitant of Réunion, Mr. A. Legras, wrote about this bird with the following words: "The Hoopoe has become so rare that we have hardly seen a dozen in our wanderings to discover birds; we were even grieved to search for it in vain in our museum."</p> - <p>We are certain that <i>Fregilupus</i> existed still on Réunion in + <p>We are certain that <i>Fregilupus</i> existed still on Réunion in 1835, as Monsieur Desjardins, living on Mauritius, wrote in a manuscript formerly belonging to the late Professor Milne-Edwards: "My friend, Marcelin Sauzier, has sent me four alive from Bourbon in May, 1835. They @@ -3127,12 +3085,12 @@ E.C.</h6> well happen that they will stock our forests."</p> <p>It seems, indeed, that specimens were killed in 1837 on Mauritius, - where they did not originally exist. Verreaux shot an example in Réunion + where they did not originally exist. Verreaux shot an example in Réunion in 1832.</p> <p>The names "La Huppe du Cap" and "<i>Upupa madagascariensis</i>" arose out of the mistaken notions that this bird lived in South Africa or - Madagascar, but we know now that its real home was Réunion or + Madagascar, but we know now that its real home was Réunion or Bourbon.</p> <blockquote class="b1s"> @@ -3166,20 +3124,20 @@ E.C.</h6> <p><!-- Page 5 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page5"></a>{5}</span></p> -<h5 class="mt8"><span class="lg150">NECROPSAR</span> <span class="sm">GÜNTHER & NEWTON.</span></h5> +<h5 class="mt8"><span class="lg150">NECROPSAR</span> <span class="sm">GÃœNTHER & NEWTON.</span></h5> <p><span class="uc"><span class="di">T</span>he</span> authors state that this genus was very closely allied to <i>Fregilupus</i>, and, besides some minor differences, give as the principal difference the shorter and less curved bill.</p> -<h5 class="mt8"><span class="lg150">NECROPSAR RODERICANUS</span> <span class="sm">GÜNTH. & NEWT.</span></h5> +<h5 class="mt8"><span class="lg150">NECROPSAR RODERICANUS</span> <span class="sm">GÃœNTH. & NEWT.</span></h5> <h5>(<span class="sc">Plate <a href="#plate2">2</a>, Fig. 2.</span>)</h5> <blockquote class="b1s"> - <p><i>Necropsar rodericanus</i> Günther & Newton, Phil. Trans. vol. + <p><i>Necropsar rodericanus</i> Günther & Newton, Phil. Trans. vol. 168, p. 427, pl. XLII, figs. A-G (1879).</p> </blockquote> @@ -3189,7 +3147,7 @@ E.C.</h6> Rodrigue" is as <span class="nw">follows:—</span>"These birds are a little larger than a blackbird, and have white plumage, part of the wings and the tail black, the beak and the legs yellow, and make a wonderful - warbling." Our author also says they inhabited the Islet au Mât, and fed + warbling." Our author also says they inhabited the Islet au Mât, and fed on seabirds' eggs and dead turtle.</p> <p>The bird evidently became extinct on Rodriguez before 1730, and @@ -3242,7 +3200,7 @@ E.C.</h6> the fact that the tibia of <i>Necropsar rodericanus</i> is 52-59 mm. in length, while this is only 46 mm. in length, while the metatarsus measures 31.5 mm. as opposed to 36-41 mm. in <i>N. rodericanus</i>. I - cannot accept the theory that this is the Islet au Mât bird, and + cannot accept the theory that this is the Islet au Mât bird, and therefore different from <i>N. rodericanus</i>, as the islet is too close to Rodriguez to have had a different starling. I therefore believe this bird to have been an albinistic specimen of the Mauritius species of @@ -3259,7 +3217,7 @@ E.C.</h6> <p><!-- Page 7 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page7"></a>{7}</span></p> -<h5 class="mt8"><span class="lg150">FOUDIA BRUANTE</span> <span class="sm">(P.L.S. MÜLL.)</span></h5> +<h5 class="mt8"><span class="lg150">FOUDIA BRUANTE</span> <span class="sm">(P.L.S. MÃœLL.)</span></h5> <h5>(<span class="sc">Plate <a href="#plate2">2</a>, Fig. 1.</span>)</h5> @@ -3267,14 +3225,14 @@ E.C.</h6> <p><i>Bruant de l'isle de Bourbon</i> Daubenton, Pl. Enl. 321.</p> - <p><i>Le Mordoré</i>, Montbeillard, Hist. Nat. Ois., Quarto Edition IV., + <p><i>Le Mordoré</i>, Montbeillard, Hist. Nat. Ois., Quarto Edition IV., p. 366 (1778—Bourbon).</p> - <p><i>Fringilla bruante</i> P.L.S. Müll., Natursyst., Suppl. p. 164, No. + <p><i>Fringilla bruante</i> P.L.S. Müll., Natursyst., Suppl. p. 164, No. 51 (1776—ex Daubenton Pl. enl).</p> <p><i>Emberiza fuscofulva</i> Boddaert, Table Pl. Enl. p. 20 - (1783—based on Pl. Enl. 321 and Montbeillard's "Morderé").</p> + (1783—based on Pl. Enl. 321 and Montbeillard's "Morderé").</p> <p><i>Emberiza borbonica</i> Gmelin, Syst. Nat. I p. 886 (1788—ex Daubenton and Montbeillard).</p> @@ -3292,8 +3250,8 @@ E.C.</h6> Montbeillard. In the plate the whole body, including the back, is uniform red, about the same red as in other species of <i>Foudia</i>, while the wings and tail are dark brown with yellowish-brown borders. In the - description the body plumage is described as rufous ("morderé") and the - wings, wing-coverts and tail as more or less bright rufous ("d'un mordoré + description the body plumage is described as rufous ("morderé") and the + wings, wing-coverts and tail as more or less bright rufous ("d'un mordoré plus ou moins clair"). The size is said to be about that of a Bunting, but the tail shorter and the wings longer.</p> @@ -3307,7 +3265,7 @@ E.C.</h6> not aware of any specimen existing of this doubtless extinct bird, though it would be worth while to search the Paris Museum for this treasure.</p> - <p>Habitat: Réunion or Bourbon.</p> + <p>Habitat: Réunion or Bourbon.</p> <p><!-- Page 9 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page9"></a>{9}</span></p> @@ -3327,7 +3285,7 @@ E.C.</h6> maxilla. The total length is about seven to eight inches. The adult male has red in the plumage, the female is brown, above and below.</p> - <p>Dr. Hartert (Vögel pal. Fauna I, p. 115) is of opinion that this bird + <p>Dr. Hartert (Vögel pal. Fauna I, p. 115) is of opinion that this bird is connected with <i>Carpodacus</i> and allies, and not with the Greenfinches and Hawfinches, among which it is placed in the Catalogue of Birds in the British Museum.</p> @@ -3341,8 +3299,8 @@ E.C.</h6> <p><i>Coccothraustes ferreorostris</i> (<i>sic</i>) Vigors, Zool. Journ. IV p. 354 (1828); id. in Beechey's Voy. Blossom, p. 22, pl. 8 (1839).</p> - <p><i>Fringilla papa</i> Kittlitz, Mém. Acad. Imp. Sc. Petersbourg I p. - 239, pl. 15 (1830); id. Kupfertaf. Vög. p. 24, pl. 32, 2 (1832).</p> + <p><i>Fringilla papa</i> Kittlitz, Mém. Acad. Imp. Sc. Petersbourg I p. + 239, pl. 15 (1830); id. Kupfertaf. Vög. p. 24, pl. 32, 2 (1832).</p> <p><i>Chaunoproctus papa</i> Bonaparte, Consp. I p. 526 (1850); Bp. and Schlegel, Monogr. Loxiens p. 32 pls. 37, 38 (1850).</p> @@ -3355,9 +3313,9 @@ E.C.</h6> <p><span class="uc"><span class="di">V</span>igors'</span> original description, translated from the Latin, is as follows: "Dark brown; head, breast and upper part of abdomen scarlet. Bill very strong, feet - plumbeous. Length of body 8½, bill ⅞, at gape 1<span + plumbeous. Length of body 8½, bill ⅞, at gape 1<span class="spp">3</span>⁄<span class="suu">16</span>, height ⅞; - wings from the carpus to the third quill 4½; tail 3, tarsus ⅞ + wings from the carpus to the third quill 4½; tail 3, tarsus ⅞ inches."</p> <p>In the "Catalogue of Birds," XII, p. 31, both sexes are carefully @@ -3572,7 +3530,7 @@ E.C.</h6> <blockquote class="b1s"> - <p><i>Turdus terrestris</i> Kittlitz, Mém. Acad. Sc. Pétersburg I p. 245, + <p><i>Turdus terrestris</i> Kittlitz, Mém. Acad. Sc. Pétersburg I p. 245, pl. 17 (1830—Boninsima).</p> <p><i>Geocichla terrestris</i> Bonaparte, Consp. Av. I, p. 268 (1850); @@ -3630,13 +3588,13 @@ E.C.</h6> <p><span class="uc"><span class="di">N</span>othing</span> is known about this evidently extinct bird, which formerly existed on the island of Oahu, except Bloxam's short description, which is as <span - class="nw">follows:—</span>"Length 7½ inches; upper parts + class="nw">follows:—</span>"Length 7½ inches; upper parts olive-brown, extremities of the feathers much lighter colour; tail and wings brown; bill bristled at the base."</p> <p>The corresponding description of <i>Phaeornis obscura</i> in Bloxam's M.S. notes <span class="nw">is:—</span>"Length 8 inches; belly - light ash; back, tail and wings an ash-brown; bill slender, ¾-in. long, + light ash; back, tail and wings an ash-brown; bill slender, ¾-in. long, bristled at the base. A beautiful songster."</p> <p>It is thus evident that Bloxam considered both forms to be distinct, @@ -3916,8 +3874,8 @@ E.C.</h6> <p><i>Strigiceps leucopogon</i> Lesson, Echo du Monde Savant 1840 (?); Rev. Zool. 1840, p. 266; Suppl. aux œuvres compl. de Buffon, Descr. - de Mammif. & Ois, récemm. découverts, p. 277 (1847—Nouvelle - Hollande); Hartlaub, Beitrag Gesch ausgest Vögel, in Abhandl. Naturw. + de Mammif. & Ois, récemm. découverts, p. 277 (1847—Nouvelle + Hollande); Hartlaub, Beitrag Gesch ausgest Vögel, in Abhandl. Naturw. Ver. Bremen, 2te Ausgabe, als M.S. gedr., p. 40 (1896).</p> </blockquote> @@ -3940,7 +3898,7 @@ E.C.</h6> the middle of the throat; flanks and belly clear rufous, passing into canary-yellow on the under tail-coverts. Tail from below greenish-yellow; tarsi horn-colour, bill above brownish, below yellowish with brown tip. - Length about eight french inches and a half (0.23 centimètres)." + Length about eight french inches and a half (0.23 centimètres)." (<i>Translated.</i>)</p> <p>This bird was said to have come from Australia. I have made enquiries, @@ -3957,7 +3915,7 @@ E.C.</h6> <blockquote class="b1s"> <p><i>Drepanis</i> Temminck, Man. d'Orn. Ed. II, I p. LXXXVI - (1820—"Espèces: <i>Certhia + (1820—"Espèces: <i>Certhia pacifica—obscura—vestiaria</i> et probablement <i>falcata</i>, que je n'ai pas vu.") Type by elimination: <i>Drepanis pacifica</i>.</p> @@ -4089,7 +4047,7 @@ E.C.</h6> <blockquote class="b1s"> - <p><i>Hemignathus lucidus</i> Lichtenstein, Abh. d. Kön. Akad. Wissensch. + <p><i>Hemignathus lucidus</i> Lichtenstein, Abh. d. Kön. Akad. Wissensch. Berlin 1838 p. 451, pl. V figs. 2 ♂ 3 ♀ (1839—Oahu).</p> @@ -4391,7 +4349,7 @@ E.C.</h6> <p>The two specimens in the Vienna Museum were both bought in 1839. One from Ward, with a short bill, brown chest and throat, and a very wide - yellow breast-band. The other from Baron von Hügel, which has a long bill + yellow breast-band. The other from Baron von Hügel, which has a long bill and very red cheeks and chin. <!-- Page 47 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page47"></a>{47}</span></p> @@ -4526,7 +4484,7 @@ E.C.</h6> <p>Of this bird I know only of two in the British Museum, one in Paris, one in Leyden, one in Liverpool. The specimen in the Paris Museum bears the inscription "Macrocercus tricolor (Bechst.) M. E. Rosseau. Cuba. - Ménagerie 1842." Probably, however, there are more specimens in other + Ménagerie 1842." Probably, however, there are more specimens in other museums.</p> <p>Apparently the last specimen was shot in 1864 at La Vega (Bangs, @@ -4623,7 +4581,7 @@ E.C.</h6> <blockquote class="b1s"> - <p><i>Les Aras</i> Père Bouton, Rel. de l'étab. d. Français dep. 1635, en + <p><i>Les Aras</i> Père Bouton, Rel. de l'étab. d. Français dep. 1635, en l'ile Martinique pp. 71. 72 (1640).</p> <p><i>Anadorhynchus martinicus</i> Rothsch. Bull. B.O.C. XVI, p. 14 @@ -4631,10 +4589,10 @@ E.C.</h6> </blockquote> - <p><span class="uc"><span class="di">P</span>ère Bouton</span> says, "Les + <p><span class="uc"><span class="di">P</span>ère Bouton</span> says, "Les Aras sont deux ou trois fois gros comme les Perroquets et ont un plumage - bien différent en couleur. Ceux que j'ai vus avaient les plumes leleucs - et orangées."</p> + bien différent en couleur. Ceux que j'ai vus avaient les plumes leleucs + et orangées."</p> <p>No specimen preserved.</p> @@ -4722,7 +4680,7 @@ E.C.</h6> <p><span class="uc"><span class="di">T</span>he</span> original description of this bird says it was entirely deep violet. Native name - <i>Oné couli</i>. No specimen extant. I have placed this species in the + <i>Oné couli</i>. No specimen extant. I have placed this species in the genus <i>Anodorhynchus</i> on account of its uniform bluish colour.</p> <p>Habitat: Guadaloupe.</p> @@ -4738,7 +4696,7 @@ E.C.</h6> <p><i>Perroquet de la Guadeloupe</i> Du Tertre, Hist. Nat. Antill. II, p. 250, fig. p. 246 (1667).</p> - <p><i>Perroquets</i> Labat, Voy. aux iles de l'Amér., vol. II p. 214 + <p><i>Perroquets</i> Labat, Voy. aux iles de l'Amér., vol. II p. 214 (1742).</p> <p><i>Psittacus violaceus</i> Gmelin, Syst. Nat. I, p. 337 (1788).</p> @@ -4775,7 +4733,7 @@ E.C.</h6> <blockquote class="b1s"> - <p><i>Perroquets</i> Labat's Voy. aux iles de l'Amér. II p. 214 + <p><i>Perroquets</i> Labat's Voy. aux iles de l'Amér. II p. 214 (1742).</p> <p><i>Amazona martinicana</i> Clark, Auk. XXII, p. 343 (1905).</p> @@ -4801,7 +4759,7 @@ E.C.</h6> <blockquote class="b1s"> - <p><i>Perriques</i> Labat, Voy. aux iles de l'Amér. II p. 218 (1742).</p> + <p><i>Perriques</i> Labat, Voy. aux iles de l'Amér. II p. 218 (1742).</p> <p><i>Conurus labati</i> Rothsch. Bull. B.O.C. XVI, p. 13 (1905); Proc. IV Orn. Congr., p. 202 (1907).</p> @@ -4850,7 +4808,7 @@ E.C.</h6> <p><span class="uc"><span class="di">T</span>his</span> parrot was described from a portion of the upper mandible by Professor - Milne-Edwards, and then was more fully described by Dr. Günther and Sir + Milne-Edwards, and then was more fully described by Dr. Günther and Sir Edward Newton, who examined a nearly complete skull and other bones.</p> <p>A manuscript discovered in the Archives of the Ministry of Marine in @@ -4883,7 +4841,7 @@ E.C.</h6> <p>This description is the sole evidence we have of the existence of this bird.</p> - <p>Habitat: Bourbon or Réunion.</p> + <p>Habitat: Bourbon or Réunion.</p> <h5 class="mt8"><span class="lg150">NECROPSITTACUS(?) FRANCICUS</span> <span class="sm">ROTHSCH.</span></h5> @@ -4908,7 +4866,7 @@ E.C.</h6> <blockquote class="b1s"> - <p><i>Mascarinus</i> Lesson, Traité d'Orn. p. 188 (1831—A mixture + <p><i>Mascarinus</i> Lesson, Traité d'Orn. p. 188 (1831—A mixture of forms. By elimination the name <i>Mascarinus</i> has been restricted to the Mascarine Parrot).</p> @@ -4956,7 +4914,7 @@ E.C.</h6> <p><i>Perroquet Mascarin</i> Levaillant, Perroquets II, p. 171, pl. 189 (1805—"Madagascar," errore).</p> - <p><i>Mascarinus madagascariensis</i> Lesson, Traité d'Orn, p. 189 + <p><i>Mascarinus madagascariensis</i> Lesson, Traité d'Orn, p. 189 (1831—"Madagascar," ex Levaillant).</p> <p><i>Coracopsis mascarina</i> Wagler, Mon. Psittac. p. 679 (1832); @@ -4985,13 +4943,13 @@ E.C.</h6> Nat. pp. 191-205, pl. I (1893—excellent lengthy account).</p> <p><i>Mascarinus mascarinus</i> Salvadori, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. XX, p. 421 - (1891—Réunion).</p> + (1891—Réunion).</p> </blockquote> <p><span class="uc"><span class="di">I</span>t</span> has been mentioned above that "Le Sieur D.B." (Dubois) described this Parrot clearly in - 1674, and that it lived on Réunion, and not on Madagascar. Linnaeus in + 1674, and that it lived on Réunion, and not on Madagascar. Linnaeus in 1771 (see above) was the first to bestow a scientific name on it, though Brisson had already again described it in 1760. Linnaeus' diagnosis is, as usual, rather poor, and not quite correct<a name="NtA_1" @@ -5002,7 +4960,7 @@ E.C.</h6> specimens being known. One normally coloured specimen is preserved in the Museum of Natural History in Paris, and it is evidently this which has been figured by Daubenton and Levaillant, and in the "Centenaire du - Muséum d'Historie Naturelle." From the latter plate my figure has been + Muséum d'Historie Naturelle." From the latter plate my figure has been taken.</p> <p>The example in Vienna is unfortunately semi-albinistic, there being @@ -5099,7 +5057,7 @@ E.C.</h6> and without the black mandibular stripe.</p> <p>Formerly abundant on most of the islands in the Seychelles, especially - Mahé, but now confined to the little islet of Silhouette, where it will + Mahé, but now confined to the little islet of Silhouette, where it will in all probability become extinct. According to E. Newton its name was "Cateau vert."</p> @@ -5116,10 +5074,10 @@ E.C.</h6> <p><i>Psittacus alexandri var.</i> <span class="grk">γ</span> Linnaeus, S.N. p. 142 (1766).</p> - <p><i>Perruche à collier de l'Isle de Bourbon</i> Daubenton, Pl. enl. + <p><i>Perruche à collier de l'Isle de Bourbon</i> Daubenton, Pl. enl. 215.</p> - <p><i>Perruche à double collier</i> Buff., Hist. Nat. Ois. VI, p. 143 + <p><i>Perruche à double collier</i> Buff., Hist. Nat. Ois. VI, p. 143 (1779).</p> <p><i>Alexandrine Parrakeet var. C. Double Ringed Parrakeet</i> Latham, @@ -5152,7 +5110,7 @@ E.C.</h6> birds, while quite unaccountably stating only Mauritius as the habitat.</p> - <p>The Abbé Dubois describes this bird as follows: "Green Parrots as + <p>The Abbé Dubois describes this bird as follows: "Green Parrots as large as pigeons having a black collar."</p> <p>Now the species of <i>Palaeornis</i> from Rodriguez, the Seychelles, @@ -5162,7 +5120,7 @@ E.C.</h6> echo</i> is distinct from <i>P. eques</i>, though, unfortunately, we do not know in which way the two forms differed.</p> - <p>Habitat: Bourbon or Réunion, but now extinct. No specimens known. <!-- + <p>Habitat: Bourbon or Réunion, but now extinct. No specimens known. <!-- Page 68 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page68"></a>{68}</span></p> <h5 class="mt8"><span class="lg150">PALAEORNIS ECHO</span> <span class="sm">NEWTON.</span></h5> @@ -5217,7 +5175,7 @@ E.C.</h6> <p><i>Psittacus erythronotus</i> Kuhl, Consp. Psitt. p. 45, No. 67 (1820).</p> - <p><i>Psittacus pacificus</i> var. No. 3, Vieillot, Enc. Méth., p. 1387 + <p><i>Psittacus pacificus</i> var. No. 3, Vieillot, Enc. Méth., p. 1387 (1823).</p> <p><i>Platycercus pacificus</i>, part. Vigors, Zool. Journ. I, p. 529 @@ -5442,7 +5400,7 @@ E.C.</h6> marked with buff. All the well feathered parts, underneath the feathers are covered by a very thick black down."</p> - <p>The colour of bill and feet is reddish brown. Total length, 13½ inches + <p>The colour of bill and feet is reddish brown. Total length, 13½ inches = 345 mm. Desjardins says the specimen he described was killed at the end of October, 1836, in the forest crowning the hills close to "Bamboo Creek." In 1837 several were still seen near "La Savane," and one was @@ -5885,7 +5843,7 @@ E.C.</h6> novaezealandiae</i> (a very closely allied form of <i>Ph. carbo</i>). It would be interesting to know more about it, and, especially, if this extinct form was incapable of flight, like <i>Ph. harrisi</i> of the - Galápagos Islands.</p> + Galápagos Islands.</p> <p>Habitat: New Zealand.</p> @@ -5970,7 +5928,7 @@ E.C.</h6> osteological characters as proof of identity. I must here again refer my readers to Mr. Andrews' very full description.</p> - <p>Habitat: Sirabé in C. Madagascar.</p> + <p>Habitat: Sirabé in C. Madagascar.</p> <p>The measurements <span class="nw">are:—</span></p> @@ -6017,7 +5975,7 @@ E.C.</h6> <p><span class="uc"><span class="di">T</span>his</span> species was discovered by Dr. Forsyth Major and Monsieur Robert in the bed of an old - lake at Sirabé, Central Madagascar, in 1896-1897. It was similar in many + lake at Sirabé, Central Madagascar, in 1896-1897. It was similar in many respects to <i>Sarcidiornis</i> and <i>Chenalopex</i> but differed in its large size and the great length of its legs. Indeed, judging from the slenderness of the metatarsus and femur and the slight degree of @@ -6224,7 +6182,7 @@ E.C.</h6> species.</p> <p>The allusion to the small size also points to the geese of Marshall - being the <i>Sarcidiornis</i>. L'Abbé Dubois in "Les Voyages du Sieur + being the <i>Sarcidiornis</i>. L'Abbé Dubois in "Les Voyages du Sieur D.B." records the fact that on Bourbon were some wild geese slightly smaller than the geese of Europe but having the same plumage. Their bill and feet were red. It is also probable that wild geese were found on @@ -6327,7 +6285,7 @@ E.C.</h6> <p><i>Camptolaemus labradorius</i> Baird, B.N. Amer. p. 803 (1858); Baird, Brewer and Ridgway, Water—B. N. Amer. II, p. 63 (1884); - Milne-Edw. and Oustalet, Centen. Mus. d'Hist. Nat., Notice Ois. éteint. + Milne-Edw. and Oustalet, Centen. Mus. d'Hist. Nat., Notice Ois. éteint. p. 51, pl. IV (1893); Salvadori, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. XXVII, p. 416 (1895).</p> @@ -6681,7 +6639,7 @@ E.C.</h6> <td class="pl05"> "</td></tr> </table> - <p>The anonymous author of the manuscript "Rélation de l'île Rodrigue" + <p>The anonymous author of the manuscript "Rélation de l'île Rodrigue" (see Ann. Sci. Nat. (6) II p. 133 et seq. 1875) about the year 1830 mentions this bird as <span class="nw">follows:—</span>"There are not a few Bitterns which are birds which only fly a very little, and run @@ -6703,9 +6661,9 @@ E.C.</h6> </blockquote> - <p><span class="uc"><span class="di">L</span>'Abbé Dubois</span> is the + <p><span class="uc"><span class="di">L</span>'Abbé Dubois</span> is the only author who has, as far as I can ascertain, told us that the Island - of Réunion also had a large almost flightless Heron as well as Mauritius + of Réunion also had a large almost flightless Heron as well as Mauritius and Rodriguez; and so feeling sure that it, like most other birds of this island, was distinct I name it after him.</p> @@ -6716,7 +6674,7 @@ E.C.</h6> made like the feet of Poullets d'Inde (<i>Porphyrio</i>, <span class="sm">W.R.</span>). This bird lives on fish."</p> - <p>Habitat: Réunion or Bourbon. <!-- Page 115 --><span class="pagenum"><a + <p>Habitat: Réunion or Bourbon. <!-- Page 115 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page115"></a>{115}</span></p> <h5 class="mt8"><span class="lg150">ARDEA MAURITIANA</span> <span class="sm">(NEWT. & GAD.)</span></h5> @@ -6830,7 +6788,7 @@ E.C.</h6> <p><i>Totanus leucopterus</i> Vieillot, Nouv. Dict. d'Hist. Nat. (Ed. II) VI, p. 396 (1817).</p> - <p><i>Calidris leucopterus</i> Cuvier, Règne Anim. I, p. 526 (1829).</p> + <p><i>Calidris leucopterus</i> Cuvier, Règne Anim. I, p. 526 (1829).</p> <p><i>Tringa pyrrhetraea</i> Lichtenstein, Forster's descr. anim. p. 174 (1844—Otaheiti).</p> @@ -7000,7 +6958,7 @@ E.C.</h6> <td class="ar pr025"> 9</td> <td class="pl0"> inches.</td></tr> <tr><td> Total length to middle toe</td> -<td class="ar pr025"> 12¾</td> +<td class="ar pr025"> 12¾</td> <td class="pl1"> "</td></tr> <tr><td> Bill</td> <td class="ar pr025"> 1<span class="spp">1</span>⁄<span class="suu">10</span></td> @@ -7302,10 +7260,10 @@ E.C.</h6> <p><i>Velt-hoenders</i> Reyer Cornelisz, Van der Hagen's voyage (1646).</p> - <p><i>Poules rouges au bec de Becasse</i> Cauche, Rélations véritables et + <p><i>Poules rouges au bec de Becasse</i> Cauche, Rélations véritables et curieuses de l'Isle de Madagascar (1651).</p> - <p><i>Apterornis bonasia</i> Edm. de Sélys-Longchamps, Revue Zoologique, + <p><i>Apterornis bonasia</i> Edm. de Sélys-Longchamps, Revue Zoologique, p. 292 (1848).</p> <p><i>Didus herberti</i> Schlegel, Vers. Med. Ak. Wetensch., II, p. 256 @@ -7419,7 +7377,7 @@ E.C.</h6> <p><i>Erythromachus leguati</i> Milne-Edwards, Ann. Sci. Nat. (5) XIX, pp. 6, 7, pls. XI, XII (1874).</p> - <p><i>Aphanopteryx leguati</i> Günther & E. Newton, Phil. Trans. Vol. + <p><i>Aphanopteryx leguati</i> Günther & E. Newton, Phil. Trans. Vol. 168, pp. 431-432, pl. XLIII (1879).</p> </blockquote> @@ -7603,7 +7561,7 @@ E.C.</h6> <td class="pl05"> "</td></tr> </table> - <p>Habitat: Sirabé in C. Madagascar.</p> + <p>Habitat: Sirabé in C. Madagascar.</p> <p><!-- Page 141 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page141"></a>{141}</span></p> @@ -7889,7 +7847,7 @@ E.C.</h6> those of fowls; they do not fly at all, but run extremely quickly, so that a dog can hardly catch them; they are very good."</p> - <p>Habitat: Bourbon or Réunion.</p> + <p>Habitat: Bourbon or Réunion.</p> <p>Dubois gives the size of these birds as the same as that of a big goose and the feet as being like those of a fowl: I have, therefore, in @@ -8139,7 +8097,7 @@ E.C.</h6> </blockquote> <p><span class="uc"><span class="di">T</span>he</span> translation of the - Sieur D.B.'s (Abbé Dubois) description is as <span + Sieur D.B.'s (Abbé Dubois) description is as <span class="nw">follows:—</span>"Waterhens which are as large as fowls. They are always black, and have a large white crest on the head." For the anatomical description I must refer my readers to Professor @@ -8217,7 +8175,7 @@ E.C.</h6> <blockquote class="b1s"> - <p><i>Le Géant</i> Leguat, Voyages (1708), p. 171, English edition.</p> + <p><i>Le Géant</i> Leguat, Voyages (1708), p. 171, English edition.</p> <p><i>Leguatia gigantea</i> Schlegel, Versl. Med. Akad. Wetensch. Amst. VII, p. 142 (1858).</p> @@ -8233,11 +8191,11 @@ E.C.</h6> divided." This bird was apparently confined to the island of Mauritius.</p> - <p>Professor Newton asserts that Leguat's "Géants" were Flamingos, + <p>Professor Newton asserts that Leguat's "Géants" were Flamingos, principally because bones of Flamingos have been found in Mauritius and - not a single bone has ever been got of the "géant." This argument is, in + not a single bone has ever been got of the "géant." This argument is, in my opinion, insufficient, and no evidence at all. We know that a Didine - bird and a gigantic rail existed on Réunion, but no bones are yet known + bird and a gigantic rail existed on Réunion, but no bones are yet known of these. I think, like Professor Schlegel, that Leguat's figure and description cannot be meant for a Flamingo and that they prove the former existence of a gigantic ralline bird in Mauritius.</p> @@ -8266,7 +8224,7 @@ E.C.</h6> <p><i>Anser Magelanicus s. Pinguinus</i> Worm, Museum Wormianum, Lib. III, Cap. 19, p. 300, 301 (1655—Figured from a specimen from the - Faröe Islands).</p> + Faröe Islands).</p> <p><i>Penguin</i> Willoughby, Orn. Lib. III p. 242 pl. 65 (1676).</p> @@ -8285,7 +8243,7 @@ E.C.</h6> <p><i>Alca borealis</i> Forster, Syn. Cat. Brit. B. p. 29 (1817—nomen nudum).</p> - <p><i>Plautus impennis</i> Brünnich, Zool. Fundamenta p. 78 (1772); + <p><i>Plautus impennis</i> Brünnich, Zool. Fundamenta p. 78 (1772); Baird, Brewer and Ridgway, Water Birds N. Amer., II p. 467 (1884); Grant, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. XXVI p. 563 (1898).</p> @@ -8301,7 +8259,7 @@ E.C.</h6> <blockquote class="b2s"> <p><i>Japetus Steenstrup</i>: Bidrag til Geirfuglens Naturhistorie etc., - Kjöbenhavn (Copenhagen) 1857 (In Naturh-Forening. Vidensk. Meddel. 1855, + Kjöbenhavn (Copenhagen) 1857 (In Naturh-Forening. Vidensk. Meddel. 1855, nos. 3-7).</p> <p><i>Alfred Newton</i>: Abstract of Mr. Wolley's Researches in Iceland @@ -8322,7 +8280,7 @@ E.C.</h6> Trans. Edinburgh Field Nat. Soc. (1897) p. 238-273.</p> <p><i>Wilhelm Blasius</i>: Der Riesenalk, Alca impennis L. (In the New - Edition of Naumann Naumann, Naturg. d. Vögel Mitteleuropas) Vol. XII p. + Edition of Naumann Naumann, Naturg. d. Vögel Mitteleuropas) Vol. XII p. 169-208, plates 17, 17a-17d (1903).</p> </blockquote> @@ -8332,7 +8290,7 @@ E.C.</h6> </blockquote> <p><span class="uc"><span class="di">P</span>robably</span> the first - mention of Great Auks is that in André Thevet's book "Les singularitéz de + mention of Great Auks is that in André Thevet's book "Les singularitéz de la France antarctique ...," Anvers 1558, where a large bird was mentioned under the name of "Aponars," Apponatz or "Aponath." But evidently this name covered several other sea-birds, and it is at least doubtful if it @@ -8352,11 +8310,11 @@ E.C.</h6> rather poor but perfectly recognizable figure, describes it first (p. 103) as a native of America, under the name of "Mergus Americanus." Later on, however, in the "Auctarium," on p. 367, he mentions it, on the - authority of Henricus Hojerus, as found in the Faröe Islands, under the + authority of Henricus Hojerus, as found in the Faröe Islands, under the name "Goirfugel." Hojerus was also the authority for the account given in Nieremberg, Hist. Nat., etc., p. 215 (1635). The first comparatively good figure was published in 1655, in the "Museum Wormianum," on p. 301, from - a specimen brought alive from the Faröe Islands. Curiously enough the + a specimen brought alive from the Faröe Islands. Curiously enough the figure shows a white ring round the neck, which no Great Auk, of course, possesses.</p> @@ -8411,14 +8369,14 @@ E.C.</h6> on the north coast of Iceland being open to doubt.</p> <p>From sub-fossil and prehistoric finds, we know that the Great Auk - formerly inhabited Norway and Sweden, Denmark, with Seeland, Sejerö and - Havnö, the British Islands (Cleadon Hills in County Durham, Scotland, + formerly inhabited Norway and Sweden, Denmark, with Seeland, Sejerö and + Havnö, the British Islands (Cleadon Hills in County Durham, Scotland, Ireland), the east coast of North America from Labrador to Florida.</p> <p>In historic times we know of the occurrence on the islands near Labrador, Greenland—where it certainly used to breed on the east coast, but was probably only of rare and exceptional occurrence on the - west coast—Iceland, the Faröe Islands, Fair Island between the + west coast—Iceland, the Faröe Islands, Fair Island between the Orkney and Shetland Islands (doubtful), Orkneys (Papa Westra), St. Kilda, Skye, and Waterford Harbour in Ireland. But as breeding stations within historic times the following only are absolutely <span @@ -8428,7 +8386,7 @@ E.C.</h6> <div class="stanza"> <p>1. Funk Islands near Newfoundland.</p> <p>2. Iceland (Geirfuglasker, Grimsey, Eldey).</p> - <p>3. Faröe Islands.</p> + <p>3. Faröe Islands.</p> <p>4. St. Kilda.</p> <p>5. Orkney Islands.</p> </div> @@ -8449,7 +8407,7 @@ E.C.</h6> <h5>I HAVE IN MY MUSEUM:</h5> <p>1. One adult female, formerly in the collection of the late Comte de - Riocour at Vitry-le-François, in France. I bought this specimen from the + Riocour at Vitry-le-François, in France. I bought this specimen from the late Alphonse Boucard, together with the bulk of the birds of the Riocour collection. It is evidently an adult female, having the white lines on the bill not very much developed, and showing a distinct grey tinge on @@ -8544,16 +8502,16 @@ E.C.</h6> concealed when they are closed. Irides dark hazel. Tarsi, toes, webs, and nails jet-black.</p> - <p>"Length about 12¾ inches; expanse of wings 34 inches; length from - carpal joint to tip of first primary 10¾ inches; length of bill, measured + <p>"Length about 12¾ inches; expanse of wings 34 inches; length from + carpal joint to tip of first primary 10¾ inches; length of bill, measured from gape, 1⅝ inches; length of nasal tubes <span class="spp">5</span>⁄<span class="suu">16</span> inch; length of interval between nostrils and commencement of apical curve of upper - mandible ¼ inch; length of tarsi 1<span class="spp">5</span>⁄<span + mandible ¼ inch; length of tarsi 1<span class="spp">5</span>⁄<span class="suu">10</span> inches; length of toes, outer and middle, sub-equal 2 inches; length of inner toe 1⅝ inches. First and second - primaries sub-equal, and about ½ inch longer than the third. Tail about - 4½ inches long and round at extremity. The closed wings extend about 1½ + primaries sub-equal, and about ½ inch longer than the third. Tail about + 4½ inches long and round at extremity. The closed wings extend about 1½ inches beyond the tail. Hallux small, and in shape triangular."</p> <p>"With respect to the habits of the bird, Mr. March has most kindly @@ -8643,10 +8601,10 @@ E.C.</h6> The "Manicou," evidently an introduced North-American Opossum, Mongoose and rats had entirely extirpated the "Diable."</p> - <p>Two-and-a-half centuries ago Père du Tertre found this Petrel breeding - on Guadeloupe, and Père Labat, about forty years later, found it in great + <p>Two-and-a-half centuries ago Père du Tertre found this Petrel breeding + on Guadeloupe, and Père Labat, about forty years later, found it in great numbers, and gave a long, graphic description of it in his "Nouveau - Voyage aux isles de l'Amérique" (Edit. I, Vol. II, pp. 349-353). These + Voyage aux isles de l'Amérique" (Edit. I, Vol. II, pp. 349-353). These birds were then known as the "Diable" or "Diablotin," and their flesh was highly esteemed, and they were even salted and exported to Martinique and other French islands in great numbers. <!-- Page 160 --><span @@ -8760,9 +8718,9 @@ E.C.</h6> <p><i>Columba franciae</i> Gmelin, Syst. Nat. I, 2, p. 779, No. 51 (1788). (ex Sonnerat).</p> - <p><i>Columba botanica</i> Bonnaterre, Enc. Méth. I, p. 233 (1790).</p> + <p><i>Columba botanica</i> Bonnaterre, Enc. Méth. I, p. 233 (1790).</p> - <p><i>Ramier périssé</i> Levaillant, Ois. d'Afr. VI, p. 74, pl. 267 + <p><i>Ramier périssé</i> Levaillant, Ois. d'Afr. VI, p. 74, pl. 267 (1808).</p> <p><i>Columba jubata</i> Wagler, Syst. Av., <i>Columba</i>, sp. 22 @@ -8871,7 +8829,7 @@ E.C.</h6> <blockquote class="b1s"> - <p><i>Columba mayeri</i> Prévost & Knip, Pigeons II, pl. 60 + <p><i>Columba mayeri</i> Prévost & Knip, Pigeons II, pl. 60 (1843).</p> <p><i>Columba meyeri</i> Schlegel & Pollen, Rech. Faun. Mad. p. 111, @@ -8909,7 +8867,7 @@ E.C.</h6> olive shade on the wings is strongly developed.</p> <p>This bird was not found by the Rev. H. H. Slater, during his visit to - Mauritius. As observed by Mons. Paul Carié (Ornis XII, p. 127), the idea + Mauritius. As observed by Mons. Paul Carié (Ornis XII, p. 127), the idea that it is extinct is, however, incorrect, as it can still easily be procured, though it is rare. M. Georges Antelme, of Mauritius, possesses the eggs of this pigeon. That it still exists is also evident from two @@ -8945,7 +8903,7 @@ E.C.</h6> I name it in memory of Monsieur Dubois, who was the author of the Voyages of the "Sieur D.B."</p> - <p>Habitat: Bourbon or Réunion.</p> + <p>Habitat: Bourbon or Réunion.</p> <p><!-- Page 167 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page167"></a>{167}</span></p> @@ -8996,7 +8954,7 @@ E.C.</h6> <p><i>Tourterelle du Canada</i> Daubenton, Pl. Enl. 176.</p> - <p><i>Columba Histrio</i> P.L.S. Müller, Natursyst. Suppl. p. 134 + <p><i>Columba Histrio</i> P.L.S. Müller, Natursyst. Suppl. p. 134 (1776—ex Buffon).</p> <p><i>Columba ventralis</i> id., l.c. p. 134 (1776—ex Buffon).</p> @@ -9005,7 +8963,7 @@ E.C.</h6> (1827); Gould, B. Europe, pl. 247 (1848); Coues, B. North-West, p. 387 (1874); Maynard, B. E. North America, p. 335 (1881).</p> - <p><i>Trygon migratoria</i> Brehm, Handb. Naturg. Vög. Deutschl., p. 495 + <p><i>Trygon migratoria</i> Brehm, Handb. Naturg. Vög. Deutschl., p. 495 (1831).</p> <p><i>Ectopistes migratorius</i> G. R. Gray, Gen. B. II, p. 471 (1844); @@ -9031,7 +8989,7 @@ E.C.</h6> <p>The Passenger Pigeon in former times occurred throughout North America in great abundance, from the Atlantic to the great Central Plains, and - from the Southern States, where it rarely occurred, north to at least 62° + from the Southern States, where it rarely occurred, north to at least 62° northern latitude. Being a migrant, this bird used to migrate southwards after the breeding season, and to return to their homes in spring, but it also shifted its quarters according to the abundance or scarcity of food, @@ -9172,7 +9130,7 @@ E.C.</h6> <p><i>Walchvoghel</i> Van Neck, Voy., p. 7, pl. 2 (1601).</p> - <p><i>Walchvögel</i> De Bry, Orient. Ind. pt. VIII, t. 11 (1606).</p> + <p><i>Walchvögel</i> De Bry, Orient. Ind. pt. VIII, t. 11 (1606).</p> <p><i>Gallinaceus gallus peregrinus</i> Clusius, Exot. Libr. V p. 99 t. 100 (1605).</p> @@ -9205,7 +9163,7 @@ E.C.</h6> as if clothed with a hood. These birds lack wings, in the place of which 3 or 4 blackish feathers protrude. The tail consists of a few soft incurved feathers, which are ash coloured. These we used to call - 'Walghvögel,' for the reason that the longer and oftener they were + 'Walghvögel,' for the reason that the longer and oftener they were cooked, the less soft and more insipid eating they became. Nevertheless their belly and breast were of a pleasant flavour and easily masticated."</p> @@ -9259,7 +9217,7 @@ E.C.</h6> Society, formerly Broderip. By Roelandt Savery, undated.</p> <p><span class="hid">0</span>6. <i>Pommersfelden, - Bavaria.</i> Count Schönborn, "Orpheus charming the Beasts." By Roelandt + Bavaria.</i> Count Schönborn, "Orpheus charming the Beasts." By Roelandt Savery, undated.</p> <p><span class="hid">0</span>7. <i>Haag.</i> Mauritshuis. @@ -9273,7 +9231,7 @@ E.C.</h6> Museum, formerly belonging to G. Edwards. Probably by Roelandt Savery.</p> - <p>10. <i>Emden.</i> Galerie der Gesellschaft für Bildende Kunst. + <p>10. <i>Emden.</i> Galerie der Gesellschaft für Bildende Kunst. "Orpheus charming the Beasts." By Roelandt Savery.</p> <p>11. <i>Oxford.</i> Ashmolean Museum. By John Savery, 1651.</p> @@ -9281,10 +9239,10 @@ E.C.</h6> <p>12. <i>Haarlem.</i> Dr. A. van der Willigen, Pz. By Pieter Holsteyn (1580-1662), not dated.</p> - <p>13. <i>Dresden.</i> Kgl. Gemälde-Galerie. "Circe and Ulysses." By C. + <p>13. <i>Dresden.</i> Kgl. Gemälde-Galerie. "Circe and Ulysses." By C. Ruthart, 1666.</p> - <p>14. <i>Dresden.</i> Kgl. Gemälde-Galerie. "The Creation of the + <p>14. <i>Dresden.</i> Kgl. Gemälde-Galerie. "The Creation of the Animals." Supposed to be by Franz Francken (1581-1642), no date, and said to be by a different artist.</p> @@ -9307,7 +9265,7 @@ E.C.</h6> evidently founded on a mistaken and partly fictitious description of a Dodo, or rather a mixture of that of the Dodo and a Cassowary. The name was, perhaps, also a mistake, derived from that of "<i>Oiseau de - nausée</i>," which has a similar meaning as "Walghvogel."</p> + nausée</i>," which has a similar meaning as "Walghvogel."</p> </blockquote> @@ -9395,19 +9353,19 @@ E.C.</h6> <h5 class="mt8"><span class="lg150">DIDUS SOLITARIUS</span> <span class="sm">(SELYS).</span></h5> -<h5 class="lg125">RÉUNION DODO.</h5> +<h5 class="lg125">RÉUNION DODO.</h5> <h5>(<span class="sc">Plates <a href="#plate25">25</a>, <a href="#plate25a">25a</a>, <a href="#plate25b">25b</a>.</span>)</h5> <blockquote class="b1s"> <p><i>Great Fowl</i> Tatton, Voy. Castleton, Purchas his Pilgrimes, ed. - (1625) I p. 331 (Bourbon or Réunion).</p> + (1625) I p. 331 (Bourbon or Réunion).</p> <p><i>Dod-eersen</i> Bontekoe, Journ. ofte gedenck. beschr. van de Ost. Ind. Reyse Haarlem (1646) p. 6.</p> - <p><i>Oiseau Solitaire</i> Carré, Voy. Ind. Or. I p. 12 (1699).</p> + <p><i>Oiseau Solitaire</i> Carré, Voy. Ind. Or. I p. 12 (1699).</p> <p><i>Solitaire</i> Voy. fait par Le Sieur D.B. (1674) p. 170.</p> @@ -9420,7 +9378,7 @@ E.C.</h6> <p><i>Ornithaptera borbonica</i> Bp., Consp. Av. II. p. 2 (1854).</p> - <p><i>Didine Bird of the Island of Bourbon</i> (<i>Réunion</i>) A. Newt. + <p><i>Didine Bird of the Island of Bourbon</i> (<i>Réunion</i>) A. Newt. Tr. Zool. Soc. VI pp. 373-376, pl. 62 (1867).</p> <p><i>Apterornis solitaria</i> Milne-Edw., Ibis (1869) p. 272.</p> @@ -9428,13 +9386,13 @@ E.C.</h6> <p><i>? Didus borbonica</i> Schleg., Mus. P.B. Struthiones p. 3 (1873).</p> - <p><i>Solitaire of Réunion</i> A. Newton, Enc. Brit. II p. 732 + <p><i>Solitaire of Réunion</i> A. Newton, Enc. Brit. II p. 732 (1875).</p> </blockquote> <p><span class="uc"><span class="di">T</span>he</span> Didine bird of - Réunion was first mentioned by Mr. Tatton, the Chief Officer of Captain + Réunion was first mentioned by Mr. Tatton, the Chief Officer of Captain Castleton, in his account of their voyage given in Purchas his Pilgrimes. His account is as <span class="nw">follows:—</span></p> @@ -9446,7 +9404,7 @@ E.C.</h6> stones. Ten men may take fowle enough to serve fortie men a day."</p> <p>We then find frequent mention of this bird by Bontekoe in 5 separate - treatises or editions, from 1646 to 1650, and by Carré in 1699. But the + treatises or editions, from 1646 to 1650, and by Carré in 1699. But the first more detailed description is given by the Sieur D.B. (Dubois) in 1674, which is as <span class="nw">follows:—</span></p> @@ -9476,7 +9434,7 @@ E.C.</h6> specimen figured, so in the accompanying plate I had the wing drawn like the true Dodo's and the bill reconstructed.</p> - <p>Habitat: Island of Bourbon or Réunion.</p> + <p>Habitat: Island of Bourbon or Réunion.</p> <p>Only known from the above-mentioned descriptions and two drawings. No specimens existing.</p> @@ -9516,7 +9474,7 @@ E.C.</h6> Plinius Secundus about 1643 but without date.</p> <p><i>Fig. 4.</i> Outline of Dr. H. Schlegel's reconstruction of the - Réunion Dodo.</p> + Réunion Dodo.</p> </blockquote> @@ -9550,7 +9508,7 @@ E.C.</h6> <blockquote class="b1s"> - <p><i>Solitaire</i> Leguat, Voy. deux iles désertes Ind. Or. I pp. 98. + <p><i>Solitaire</i> Leguat, Voy. deux iles désertes Ind. Or. I pp. 98. 102 (1708).</p> <p><i>Didus solitarius</i> Gmelin, S. N. I p. 728, n. 2 (1788).</p> @@ -9645,7 +9603,7 @@ E.C.</h6> the old ones went each their way alone, or in couples, and left the two young ones together, which we called a marriage."</p> - <p>Leguat's, d'Heguerty's, and the Abbé Pingré's descriptions were all we + <p>Leguat's, d'Heguerty's, and the Abbé Pingré's descriptions were all we had of this great ground pigeon down to 1866, except a few bones. When Mr. Strickland proved its distinctness from the Dodo of Mauritius in 1844, and up to 1852, these bones numbered 18. In 1864 Mr. E. Newton and @@ -9768,7 +9726,7 @@ E.C.</h6> <p><i>Coturnix Novae-Zelandiae</i> Quoy and Gaimard, Voy. Astrolabe, Zool. I. p. 242, pl. 24, fig. 1 (1830—"Il habit la baie Chouraki - (rivière Tamise de Cook), à la Nouvelle-Zélande"); Gould, Syn. B. Austr., + (rivière Tamise de Cook), à la Nouvelle-Zélande"); Gould, Syn. B. Austr., text and pl. fig 2 (1837-38); Buller, B. New Zealand, p. 161, pl. (1873); Hist. B. New Zealand, 2nd ed. I, p. 225, pl. XXIII (1888); Grant, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. XXII p. 245 (1893).</p> @@ -9902,7 +9860,7 @@ E.C.</h6> plate I have represented it clothed with feathers similar to the Clutha ones, which I believe belong to this species. The Moas at one time must have been extraordinarily numerous, both in numbers and species, and they - varied in height from 2½ feet to 12 feet. Professor Parker has shown that + varied in height from 2½ feet to 12 feet. Professor Parker has shown that some of the species had crests of long feathers on the head, and, as some adult skulls of the same forms show no signs of this, he infers that the males alone had this appendage. There has been much discussion as to the @@ -9970,7 +9928,7 @@ E.C.</h6> area, stretching at least from the Macquarie Islands in the south to the Kermadecs in the north, and from Lord Howe's Island on the west to the Chatham Islands on the east. So that, like the giant tortoises on the - Galápagos Islands, <!-- Page 188 --><span class="pagenum"><a + Galápagos Islands, <!-- Page 188 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page188"></a>{188}</span>they only got driven so closely together after their specific differentiation, when the land gradually subsided, owing to volcanic action. The differentiation of the family is as <span @@ -10186,7 +10144,7 @@ E.C.</h6> <p><i>Dinornis giganteus</i> Owen, Trans. Zool. Soc. III p. 237 (1843) and p. 307 (1846).</p> - <p><i>Moa giganteus</i> Reichenbach, Nat. Syst. der Vög. p. XXX + <p><i>Moa giganteus</i> Reichenbach, Nat. Syst. der Vög. p. XXX (1850).</p> <p><i>Dinornis maximus</i> (non <i>D. maximus</i> Owen of 1867!) Trans. @@ -10218,7 +10176,7 @@ E.C.</h6> <p><i>Dinornis ingens</i> Owen, Trans. Zool. Soc. III p. 237 (1843).</p> - <p><i>Movia ingens</i> Reichenbach, Nat. Syst. der Vög. p. xxx + <p><i>Movia ingens</i> Reichenbach, Nat. Syst. der Vög. p. xxx (1850).</p> <p><i>D. ingens var. robustus</i> Owen, Trans. Zool. Soc. III p. 307 @@ -10289,7 +10247,7 @@ E.C.</h6> <p><i>Dinornis dromioides</i> Owen, Trans. Zool. Soc. III. p. 235 (1843).</p> - <p><i>Palapteryx dromioides</i> Reichenbach, Nat. Syst. der Vög. p. XXX + <p><i>Palapteryx dromioides</i> Reichenbach, Nat. Syst. der Vög. p. XXX (1850).</p> <p><i>Palapteryx plenus</i> Hutton, Trans. N.Z. Inst. XXIV p. 122 @@ -10546,7 +10504,7 @@ E.C.</h6> <p><span class="uc"><span class="di">T</span>he</span> skull is narrow and vaulted, with a long, sharp and slightly deflected beak. Breadth at - the squamosals 1½ times the height at basi-temporal, which has a + the squamosals 1½ times the height at basi-temporal, which has a constricted praemaxillary ridge, and the quadrate with a very small pneumatic foramen. The mandible is <span class="ssb">V</span>-shaped, with a slight inflection of the angle, and a distinct postarticular @@ -10595,7 +10553,7 @@ E.C.</h6> <p><i>Dinornis didiformis</i> Owen, Trans. Zool. Soc. III, p. 242 (1844).</p> - <p><i>Anomalopteryx didiformis</i> Reichenbach, Nat. Syst. der Vög. p. 30 + <p><i>Anomalopteryx didiformis</i> Reichenbach, Nat. Syst. der Vög. p. 30 (1850).</p> <p><i>A. didiformis</i> Lydekker, Cat. Fossil B. Brit. Mus., p. 275.</p> @@ -10720,7 +10678,7 @@ E.C.</h6> <p><i>Dinornis curtus</i> Owen, Trans. Zool. Soc. III, p. 325 (1846).</p> - <p><i>Cela curtus</i> Reichenbach, Nat. Syst. der Vög. p. 30 (1850).</p> + <p><i>Cela curtus</i> Reichenbach, Nat. Syst. der Vög. p. 30 (1850).</p> <p><i>Cela curta</i> Hutton, Trans. N.Z. Inst. XXIX, p. 550, pl. XLVII, Fig. B.</p> @@ -10835,7 +10793,7 @@ E.C.</h6> <p><i>Dinornis casuarinus</i> Owen, Trans. Zool. Soc. III, p. 307 (1846).</p> - <p><i>Syornis casuarinus</i> Reichenbach, Nat. Syst. der Vög, p. XXX + <p><i>Syornis casuarinus</i> Reichenbach, Nat. Syst. der Vög, p. XXX (1850).</p> <p><i>Meionornis casuarinus</i> Haast, Trans. N.Z. Inst., VII, pp. 54-91 @@ -10898,7 +10856,7 @@ E.C.</h6> <p><i>Dinornis crassus</i> Owen, Trans. Zool. Soc. III, p. 307 (1846—partim).</p> - <p><i>Emeus crassus</i> Reichenbach, Nat. Syst. der Vög., p. XXX + <p><i>Emeus crassus</i> Reichenbach, Nat. Syst. der Vög., p. XXX (1850).</p> <p><i>Syornis crassus</i> Hutton, Trans. N.Z. Inst. XXIV, p. 132 @@ -11288,25 +11246,25 @@ E.C.</h6> <td class="br"> 11<span class="hid">0</span> inches</td> <td> 12<span class="hid">0</span> inches</td></tr> <tr><td class="br"> Width over condyles</td> -<td class="br"> <span class="hid">0</span>3½ <span class="hid">inc</span>"</td> -<td class="br"> <span class="hid">0</span>3½ <span class="hid">nc</span>"</td> -<td> <span class="hid">0</span>5 <span class="hid">½nc</span>"</td></tr> +<td class="br"> <span class="hid">0</span>3½ <span class="hid">inc</span>"</td> +<td class="br"> <span class="hid">0</span>3½ <span class="hid">nc</span>"</td> +<td> <span class="hid">0</span>5 <span class="hid">½nc</span>"</td></tr> <tr><td class="br"> Tibio-tarsus, length</td> -<td class="br"> 16 <span class="hid">½inc</span>"</td> -<td class="br"> 15½ <span class="hid">nc</span>"</td> -<td> 33 <span class="hid">½nc</span>"</td></tr> +<td class="br"> 16 <span class="hid">½inc</span>"</td> +<td class="br"> 15½ <span class="hid">nc</span>"</td> +<td> 33 <span class="hid">½nc</span>"</td></tr> <tr><td class="br"> Width at distal end</td> -<td class="br"> <span class="hid">0</span>2 <span class="hid">½inc</span>"</td> -<td class="br"> <span class="hid">0</span>2¼ <span class="hid">nc</span>"</td> -<td> <span class="hid">0</span>3½ <span class="hid">nc</span>"</td></tr> +<td class="br"> <span class="hid">0</span>2 <span class="hid">½inc</span>"</td> +<td class="br"> <span class="hid">0</span>2¼ <span class="hid">nc</span>"</td> +<td> <span class="hid">0</span>3½ <span class="hid">nc</span>"</td></tr> <tr><td class="br"> Tarso-metatarsus, length</td> -<td class="br"> <span class="hid">0</span>7 <span class="hid">½inc</span>"</td> -<td class="br"> <span class="hid">0</span>6 <span class="hid">½nc</span>"</td> -<td> <span class="hid">0</span>9 <span class="hid">½nc</span>"</td></tr> +<td class="br"> <span class="hid">0</span>7 <span class="hid">½inc</span>"</td> +<td class="br"> <span class="hid">0</span>6 <span class="hid">½nc</span>"</td> +<td> <span class="hid">0</span>9 <span class="hid">½nc</span>"</td></tr> <tr class="bb"><td class="br"> Width at centre</td> -<td class="br"> <span class="hid">0</span>1½ <span class="hid">inc</span>"</td> -<td class="br"> <span class="hid">0</span>1¼ <span class="hid">nc</span>"</td> -<td> <span class="hid">0</span>2¼ <span class="hid">nc</span>"</td></tr> +<td class="br"> <span class="hid">0</span>1½ <span class="hid">inc</span>"</td> +<td class="br"> <span class="hid">0</span>1¼ <span class="hid">nc</span>"</td> +<td> <span class="hid">0</span>2¼ <span class="hid">nc</span>"</td></tr> </table> <p>The original diagnosis was as follows, being founded on the @@ -11399,7 +11357,7 @@ E.C.</h6> Struthious birds is the description by Isidore Geoffroy-Saint-Hilaire of two eggs and a few osseous remains, in the Annales des Sciences naturelles III, Zoologie, vol. XIV (1850). These important objects were - sent to the describer by a colonist of Réunion, Monsieur de Malavois, but + sent to the describer by a colonist of Réunion, Monsieur de Malavois, but were obtained from the natives in Madagascar by Captain M. Abadie. A third egg arrived smashed. The name given on this evidence was <i>Aepyornis maximus</i>.</p> @@ -11646,7 +11604,7 @@ E.C.</h6> <blockquote class="b1s"> - <p><i>Aepyornis maximus</i> I. Geoffrey St. Hilaire, Ann. Sci. Nat. sér. + <p><i>Aepyornis maximus</i> I. Geoffrey St. Hilaire, Ann. Sci. Nat. sér. 3, vol. XIV, p. 209 (1851).</p> <p><i>Aepyornis ingens</i> Milne-Edwards & Grandidier, C.R. CXVIII, @@ -11804,7 +11762,7 @@ E.C.</h6> <td class="pl05"> "</td></tr> </table> -<h5>No. 2 Ambondo, Ambovombé in the district of Fort Dauphin.</h5> +<h5>No. 2 Ambondo, Ambovombé in the district of Fort Dauphin.</h5> <table class="mc"> <tr><td style="width:10em"> Large circumference</td> @@ -11948,7 +11906,7 @@ E.C.</h6> <td class="al pl05"> "</td></tr> </table> - <p>The locality of the type is Sirabé.</p> + <p>The locality of the type is Sirabé.</p> <p>Habitat: Madagascar.</p> @@ -11997,7 +11955,7 @@ E.C.</h6> description commences: "The new species which we owe to the researches of M. G. Muller, and which we shall name <i>Ae. mulleri</i>, is smaller. Nevertheless, it is superior in size to <i>Ae. hildebrandti</i>, - described by M. Burckhardt, which also came from Antsirabé. We possess + described by M. Burckhardt, which also came from Antsirabé. We possess the almost complete skeleton of this bird, the skull, mandible, vertebrae, ribs, sternum, a part of the pelvis, the leg bones, and a few phalanges of the pes; so that we can now exactly define the position and @@ -12148,7 +12106,7 @@ E.C.</h6> <p><span class="uc"><span class="di">O</span>riginal</span> description as <span class="nw">follows:—</span>"The third species <i>M. - rudis</i> (= <i>F. rudis</i>) was discovered by M. Grevé in the + rudis</i> (= <i>F. rudis</i>) was discovered by M. Grevé in the fossiliferous beds of the West Coast. The tibio-tarsus is of about the same length as in <i>M. betsilei</i>, but is more massive. The tarso-metatarsus is remarkable on account of the great enlargement of the @@ -12183,7 +12141,7 @@ E.C.</h6> <blockquote class="b1s"> - <p><i>Casoar de la Nouvelle Hollande</i> Péron, Relat. Voy. Terr. Austr. + <p><i>Casoar de la Nouvelle Hollande</i> Péron, Relat. Voy. Terr. Austr. I p. 467, pl. XXXVI (1807).</p> <p><i>Dromoius ater</i> Vieillot, Gal. des Ois, pl. 226 (not text).</p> @@ -12199,19 +12157,19 @@ E.C.</h6> <i>ater</i>, and to rename the Emu of Kangaroo Island. Vieillot, in the Nouveau Dictionnaire D'Histoire Naturelle X, page 212, distinctly states that his <i>Dromaius ater</i> was a name given to Latham's <i>Casuarius - novaehollandiae</i>, and makes no mention of Péron or of the Isle - Decrès.</p> + novaehollandiae</i>, and makes no mention of Péron or of the Isle + Decrès.</p> - <p>The figures in Péron's work of the adult male and female are not good, + <p>The figures in Péron's work of the adult male and female are not good, but those of the young and nestlings appear to me to be very accurate, - and the plate in the Galérie des Oiseaux is quite excellent. The latter + and the plate in the Galérie des Oiseaux is quite excellent. The latter and my own are taken from the type specimen in the Paris Museum, while - the plate in Péron was done by Lessieur from a series of sketches from - life made by himself on Decrès Island and in the menagerie of the Jardin + the plate in Péron was done by Lessieur from a series of sketches from + life made by himself on Decrès Island and in the menagerie of the Jardin des Plantes. The only known specimens of this extinct species are the mounted skin and skeleton in Paris and the skeleton in the Florence Museum. All these are what remain of the three living birds brought to - Paris by Péron, and no other authentic specimens exist anywhere. There is + Paris by Péron, and no other authentic specimens exist anywhere. There is in the Museum at Liverpool a full-grown, though immature Emu of the same size as <i>Dromaius peronii</i>, but owing to its proportionally longer legs and very scanty plumage it is not absolutely safe to identify it as @@ -12226,10 +12184,10 @@ E.C.</h6> 2.36.</p> <p>Immature in first plumage entirely sooty black. Nestling whitish with - longitudinal bands of rufous brown. In addition to Decrès or Kangaroo + longitudinal bands of rufous brown. In addition to Decrès or Kangaroo Island, also Flinders, King Islands, and Tasmania had Emus living on them <!-- Page 236 --><span class="pagenum"><a - name="page236"></a>{236}</span>at the time of Péron's visit, and I + name="page236"></a>{236}</span>at the time of Péron's visit, and I believe, if authentic specimens from these localities were in existence we should find that each of these islands had had a distinct species or race of Emus. Taking this for granted, and also taking into account that @@ -12240,7 +12198,7 @@ E.C.</h6> Kangaroo Island species, especially as there is absolutely no indication of the origin of this specimen.</p> - <p>Habitat: Island of Decrès or Kangaroo Island.</p> + <p>Habitat: Island of Decrès or Kangaroo Island.</p> <p>One stuffed specimen (Type) and one skeleton in Paris, one skeleton in Florence, and one stuffed specimen in Liverpool (an species diversa?). @@ -12875,7 +12833,7 @@ macroura (Ectopistes),</td> <td class="ar"> <a href="#page1">1</a></td></tr> <tr><td> mulleri (Aepyornis),</td> <td class="ar"> <a href="#page229">229</a></td></tr> -<tr><td> mülleri (Hypotaenidia),</td> +<tr><td> mülleri (Hypotaenidia),</td> <td class="ar"> <a href="#pagexi">XI</a></td></tr> <tr><td> Mullerornis,</td> <td class="ar"> <a href="#page231">231</a></td></tr> @@ -13998,8 +13956,8 @@ solitarius (Didus),</td> Mascarine Parrot":—"Mascarine", printed as "Marcarine" in original.</p> - <p>Page <a href="#page74">74</a>. "13½ inches = 345 mm": this seems the - most likely intention of the erroneous conversion "13½ inches = 365 mm" + <p>Page <a href="#page74">74</a>. "13½ inches = 345 mm": this seems the + most likely intention of the erroneous conversion "13½ inches = 365 mm" of the original.</p> <p>Page <a href="#page112">112</a>-3, table. Width at distal extremity @@ -14030,389 +13988,6 @@ solitarius (Didus),</td> <p>Page <a href="#page237">237</a>, Tarso-metatarsus upper <span class="nw">limit:—</span>"287", printed as "277" in original.</p> - - - - - - - -<pre> - - - - - -End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Extinct Birds, by Walter Rothschild - -*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK EXTINCT BIRDS *** - -***** This file should be named 40000-h.htm or 40000-h.zip ***** -This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: - http://www.gutenberg.org/4/0/0/0/40000/ - -Produced by Chris Curnow, Keith Edkins and the Online -Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This -file was produced from images generously made available -by The Internet Archive. 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