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diff --git a/39534-0.txt b/39534-0.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..4a51d19 --- /dev/null +++ b/39534-0.txt @@ -0,0 +1,1131 @@ +The Project Gutenberg EBook of Tentamen Botanicum de Filicum Generibus +Dorsiferarum, by James Edward Smith + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: Tentamen Botanicum de Filicum Generibus Dorsiferarum + Mémoires de l'Académie Royale des Sciences de Turin vol. 5, 401-422 + +Author: James Edward Smith + +Release Date: April 25, 2012 [EBook #39534] + +Language: Latin + +Character set encoding: UTF-8 + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK TENTAMEN BOTANICUM *** + + + + +Produced by Omaio Systems + + + + +[Transcriber's note: Spelling used is exactly as in the original, +including typographic errors (e.g. Asphenium for Asplenium). On four +pages the page numbers were printed incorrectly. This UTF8 text +contains accented Latin characters, and Greek characters.] + +{Extrait des} + +MÉMOIRES + +DE + +L'ACADÉMIE ROYALE + +DES SCIENCES + +DE TURIN + +VOL. V. + +MDCCXC-XCI. + +{Empreinte} + +MÉMOIRES DE L'ACADÉMIE ROYALE DES SCIENCES + +_Années MDCCXC-XCI._ + +A TURIN + +CHEZ JEAN-MICHEL BRIOLO +IMPRIMEUR-LIBRAIRIE DE L'ACADÉMIE + +MDCCXCIII. + +{401} + + TENTAMEN BOTANICUM + DE FILICUM GENERIBUS DORSIFERARUM + AUCTORE + JACOBO EDVARDO SMITH + +Genera Filicum, ab antiquioribus plane neglecta, a systematicis +praeteriti aevi inconsiderate, negligenterque tractata, ad principia +certa reducere primus conatus est Linnaeus. Raius ut videtur nomina, +ne dicam consulta patrum (non omnia possumus omnes) incogitans +servavit. Tournefortius, magis aliquantulum huic rei deditus, quo +scopum suum egregium rite absolvat, filices, sicut alia sibi nota +vegetabilia omnia, ad genera propria methodice referre voluit; sed +characteres suos, vagos plerumque & lubricos, e figura frondis +sumptos, minus feliciter scripsit. Vestigiis ejus omnino institit +Plumierius, qui filices transatlanticas numerosissimas cum Botanicis +Europaeis communicavit, denominationibusque Tournefortianis +accomodavit. Alios recensere praetermitto. + +Linnaeus, de characteribus vegetabilium genericis e fructificatione +solummodo desumendis semper solicitus, consilium hoc, viro tam +sapienti vere dignissimum, in editione prima Generum Plantarum anno +1737 typis evulgata, apprime secutus est, plantarum cohortes plurimas +exhibens, + +{142 [402]} + +quas talibus organis gaudere ne quidem ullus antea botanicus +somniaverat; inter alias, FILICES DORSIFERAE in agmine bene +instructo, primum nobis in hoc opere occurrunt. + +Cum vero in hisce vegetabilibus structura fructificationis minus +clare quam in plurimis aliis intellecta patuit, partibus +essentialibus florum, staminibus nempe & pistillis, omnino, sicut +hodie, ignotis, magnus ille systematis sexualis auctor familiis +obscuris Filicum, nequaquam ex harum ope, suam cuique differentiam +dare obnixus est. Eo usque autem sibi usui fuit, quod sine dubio +ubinam hae partes fructificationis fuerint, fuerint modo (& revera +esse ex analogia certissima existimabat) posset dicere; & quod ad +fructum attinet, ad quem formandum caeterae partes fructificationis +omnino accomodantur, structura jampridem bene cognita fuit. Neque +hujusce rei cognitio difficultati, de qua loquor, satis obveniebat; +quippe fructus Filicum Dorsiferarum in omnibus fere idem est, adeo ut +ex hoc vel sapientissimus genericam differentiam nequit extundere. +Linnaeus ergo ad principia, quae in aliis classibus quasi a +dogmatibus Philosophorum abhorrentia omnino repudiaverat, situm nempe +fructificationis, atque aggregatam ejus figuram, necessitate quadam +coactus, recurrit. Hisce principiis fundantur genera sex illa Filicum +Dorsiferarum, quae in prima Gen. Plant. editione meminit, vid: + +_Pteris_. Fructificationes in lineam, subtus cingentem marginem +folii, digestae. + +_Lonchitis_. Fructif. in lineolas, sinubus folii subjectas, +lunulatas, dispositae. + +{143 [403]} + +_Adiantum_. Fructif. in maculas ovales, apicibus foliorum reflexis +subjectas, congestae. + +_Asplenium_. Fructif. in lineas rectas, disco folii subjectas, +dispositae. + +_Polypodium_. Fructif. in puncta subrotunda, per discum folii +aversum, distributae. + +_Acrosticum_. Fructif. per totum discum pronum folii accumulatae in +unum acervum. + +In secunda ejusdem operis editione, L. Bat. 1742, duo alia genera +prioribus adduntur, nempe _Hemionitis_. _Fructif._ in lineis +coëuntibus, se intersecantibus, vel ramosis. + +_Trichomanes_. Calyx turbinatus, solitarius, erectus, ex ipso margine +folii. Stylus setaceus capsulam terminans. + +In harum posteriore describenda phraseologiam vir optimus variat; +neque tamen, meo sane judicio, in melius mutatur; nam neque ratione +satis probata verba haec intulit, _stylus_ nempe & _capsula_. + +Quinta editio, Gen. Plant. Holmiae 1754, unum aliud genus filicum +continet, _Blechnum_ scilicet; _Fructif._ dispositae in lineas costae +folii parallelas, & approximatas. + +Aliorum etiam generum dispositio paululum mutatur. + +In editione sexta, ultima cui Linnaeus operam navavit, nequid novi +est, neque ullum ejus, quod hanc rem illustret, manuscriptum adhuc +reperi. + +Editores, imitatoresque operum Linnaei omnes, genera filicum mutare +nescii, intacta reliquerunt. Insignissimus solummodo Schreberus, nova +sua editione Gen. Plant. Francof. 1791 vol. 2, duo nova genera, +_Marattia_, & _Coenopteris_, ex aliis auctoribus excerpta, protulit, +& unicum porro, quod + +{404} + +sibi novum visum est, _Meniscium_ addidit insuper. Omnia haec genera +mox dicenda sunt. + +Neque quae de characteribus filicum genericis formandis quidam +Linnaei contemporanei fecerunt, in hoc loco licet praetermittere. + +Imprimis, Adanson in suo opere _Familles des plantes_, Paris 1763, +vol. 2, p. 20, involucrum animadvertit, quod & Gleditsch in suo +_syst. Plant._ Berolin. 1764; sed in paucis admodum filicum generibus +hoc membrum adesse observaverunt, & in observationibus quibusdam quas +adjecerunt, in erroris quoddam inciderunt, e. g. in _Pteride_ Linn. +(_Thelypteride_ Adansonii, _Circinale_ Gleditschii), ille involucrum +univalve esse, & in formam imbricis, vel tegulae structum bene +monuit; hic autem omnino deesse affirmavit. Ambo rite monent Asplenio +Scolopendrio involucrum bivalve adesse, sed de forma hujusce +membranae in Blechno, Hemionitide, & Lonchitide ne verbum quidem. +Genera, quae Linnaeus struxit, immutaverunt prorsus, sed principiorum +certorum nescii, omnia in pejus verterunt, & quod ad nomenclaturam +spectat, omni principio, omni auctoritati contrarii grassati sunt. +Porro uterque annulum illum elasticum, qui filicum capsulas +constringit; observaverunt, sed longe errat hic, vel ille cum +Polypodium vulgare hoc praeditum esse negat. In hac re +hallucinationem Tournefortii nimis temere insecuti; at errorem ejus +facile evitassent, capsulam inspexissent modo. Scopoli in Flora sua +carniolica ex illorum monitionibus sibi profuit. Illustriss. +Hallerus, & plerique alii scriptores Linnaeanas differentias +acceperunt, parvas quasdam + +{405} + +variationes in speciebus distribuendis, tum in in nomenclatura rite +ordinanda, pro re nata admittentes. Neque sane ultra Linnaeanos fines +opus est quemquam progredi. Verumtamen illi, quels melior fortuna +novas exoticas filices obtulit, jampridem in animo habuerunt, quam +difficile est omnes ad familias Linnaei referre; & simul, quod +difficilius, novas formare, nova charactere dignoscendas. Anno 1786 +Illustr. Josephus Banks Baronettus, me suadente, plurimas filices +raras quidem & curiosas, fructificatione jam instante, celeberrimo +Hedwigio transmisit, haud sine spe quod vir acutissimus & huic ordini +cryptogamico lucem, quam caeteris ante hoc obscura nocte pressis, +daret. Opus susceperit necne incertum est. + +Cum ex amplo Linnaei filii herbaria, tum ex donis cel. Banks, necnon +amicorum quorumdam aliorum, filices perplurimas accepi, omnino +necesse esse duxi novam methodum experiri, quo acceptas ad normas, +quoad potui, certas redigam. Ut tentamen hoc omni numero absolutum +reddam, omnem speciem, in quam inciderim, probe examinavi, priusquam +fundamenti quidquam locare ausus sim. Tum etiam amicos hujusce rei +peritissimos adivi, Dom. Dryandrum nempe & T. F. Forsterum juniorem. + +Involucrum vel fructificationis tegimen summo usui in generibus +determinandis mihi visum est, & praecipue latus, ex quo ruptura +involucri ortum ducit, & rumpendi modus. + +Involucrum sane est membranae quoddam, & fructificationem omnis fere +filicis adhuc immaturam obtegit. Initium capit modo a margine, +saepius a nervo, vel a vena frondis. Nec fas est, si genera naturalia +satis perspecta habere + +{146 [406]} + +velimus, omittere observare, num membrana, & fructificatio quam +obtegit, sint respectu nervi sive venae, terminales aut laterales. +Involucrum firme huic lateri frondis adhaeret, illi vero adpressum, +sive levissimo quodam tactu obstrictum; haud tamen quin & hac etiam +parte aër omnino excludatur, adeo ut quacumque ratione impregnatio +florum absolvatur, quasi in tenebris sub hac membrana res tacite +agatur, neque opem alterius cujusquam poscit. Membrana enim omnia +fide amplectitur, fovetque, dum pericarpia, jamjam matura, semina sua +valent projicere; & quod haec organa vera semina propellunt, ex +multorum philosophorum experimentis patet. + +Res, quae in hoc involucro membranaceo praecipue notanda est, +directionem sive modum, quo se rumpit, spectat. Num externe (sive ad +marginem frondis) an interne (sive ad latus, quod ad costam sive +nervum frondis, vel frondis laciniae) vergit. Huic rei nemo ante me +advertit animum. At sane summo usui est in generibus naturalibus +determinandis, cum in omni specie sit constans; tum in filicibus, +quae quoad habitum, & caeteras res consentiunt, semper eadem est. +Porro tantum abest quod Linnaei genera turbet aut diruat, ut potius +augeat, & characteres suos confirmet; tum perraro occurrit species, +quae de sede sua a Linnaeo data depellatur inquilina. Neque haec dico +quasi characteres Linnaeanos supervacaneos haberi vellem; e +contrario, hos omnes strenuus retineo, at pace viri illustrissimi +differentias de involucro desumptas liceat addere, quo genera sua +priora firmiori stent talo, & ut principiis veris characteres novorum +generum rite determinentur. + +{147 [407]} + +In praesentia filices, quae dorsiferae dicuntur, i. e. quae +fructificationem in dorso frondis gerunt, & has solum in animo est +tractare. Itaque non solum illas plantas cryptogamicas, quas Prof. +Schreberus in nova editione Gen. Plant. Linnaei sub nomine +_Miscellaneae_ conclusit, sciens praetermisi, verum etiam +Ophioglossum, Osmundam, & Onocleam. Haec ultima sane istis filicibus +a doctissimo Professore conscribitur, quae capsula annulata gaudent, +sed perperam. At observationibus ejus, in Ophioglossum, & Osmundam, +nemo est, qui non assentiatur. + +Veniamus ergo ad methodicam distributionem generum filicum +dorsiferarum, legibus antea datis caute obsequentes. Has alio tempore +fusius illustrabimus; verum enimvero haec omnia, quae jam proferre +ausus sum, quasi adumbrationem rei, aliis doctioribus mox augendam, +corrigendam haberi volo. + +_FILICES DORSIFERAE_ + +_Char. Essentialis._ Fructificationes frondosae, in pagina inferiore, +aliquando marginales. + +SECTIO 1.ma Annulatae. + +_Char. Essent._ Capsulae pedicellatae, bivalves, uniloculares, annulo +articulato elastico cinctae. +Fructificationes involucro membranaceo plerumque tectae. + +1. ACROSTICHUM LINN. _Fructificationes_ maculam amorpham, continuam, +discum fere totum occupantem, formantes. + +{408} + +_Involucrum._ Nullum, nisi squamulae, vel pili capsulis interstincti. + +_OBS._ In hoc genere capsulae, adhuc tenerrimae, plerumque tenui +pubescentia fota jacent; aliquando squamis membranaceis minutis +interseruntur, quae ambo forsan involucri vicem gerunt. + +_Exempl. Generis._ Acrostichum aureum _Linn._ + .... latifolium. _Swartz. Prod._ 128 + .... villosum _Swartz. Prod._ 128. + Osmunda peltata _ejusd._ 127. + +2. POLYPODIUM LINN. _Fructificationes_ in punctis subrotundis, +sparsis, non marginalibus. +_Involucrum_ umbilicatum, undique fere dehiscens. + +_OBS._ Polypodium vulgare, quod hujusce generis species primaria +habenda est, ne quid involucri prae se ferre visum est. Capsularum +coacervationes se se tenerrimas adhuc, ex ipsa frondis substantia +nudas protrudunt. Cum vero hoc huic speciei omnino peculiare est, vix +inde ratio habeatur cur hanc a caeteris revera Polypodiis temere +distrahamus. Meliori sane ratione, istas, quarum involucrum vere +umbilicatum est, & in orbem ductum, & aequaliter at omni parte se se +rumpit, ab illis, quarum involucrum dimidiatum, sive reniforme est, +liceat (praesertim cum in animo tenemus quot species hoc genus +complectitur) seorsim positas separare. Sed fines utriusque ordinis +tam parvo usi sunt discrimine, & tam difficiles sunt determinari +verbis, ut omnino + +{409} + +tutius sit, dum horum scientia in majus proferatur, genus, prout +jamjam receptum fuerit, servare. + +_Ex. Gen._ (Involucro obsoleto) Polypodium vulgare _Linn._ + (Invol. umbilicato) .... trifoliatum _ejusd._ + (Invol. subreniforme) .... filix mas _ejusd._ + &.... marginale _ejusd._ + (Invol. semilunare ) ..... filix faemina _ejusd._ anne ad +DAREAM removenda ? + +3. ASPLENIUM LINN. _Fructif._ in lineolis sparsis. +_Involucrum_ e vena lateraliter ortum ducens interius (i. e. costam +versus) dehiscens. + +_Exempl. Gener._ Asplenium Hemionitis _Linn._ + ...... monanthemum _ejusd._ + +4. DAREA JUSS. GEN. 15. _Fructif._ in lineolis sparsis. +_Involucrum_ e vena lateraliter ortum ducens, exterius (i. e. +marginem versus.) dehiscens. + +_CONFER. Smith. Pl. Ic. t._ 50. + +_Exempl. Gener._ Caenopteris furcata _Bergii in Act. Petrop. ann._ +1782. + ..... rutaefolia _ejusd._ + ..... vivipara _ejusd._ + ..... rhizophylla _Smith. Plant. Ic. t._ 50. +(habitat in Hispaniola). + Asplenium cicutarium _Swartz Prod._ 130. + ..... flaccidum _Forst. Prod._ 80. + +{410} + +5. HEMIONITIS LINN. _Fructif._ in lineolis sparsis, decussantibus, +geminis, venae approximatis. +_Involucra_ e vena ortum ducentia, utrinque exterius dehiscentia. + +_CONFER. Fig._ 1. + +_Exempl. Gener._ Hemionitis lanceolata _Linn._ + .... palmata _ejusd._ + Asplenium plantagineum _ejusd._ + .... grandifolium _Swartz. Prod._ 130 + Meniscium _Schreb. Gen. Pl._ 757? + +6. SCOLOPENDRIUM _Fructif._ in lineolis sparsis, geminis, interveniis. +_Involucra_ superficiaria, sibi invicem longitudinaliter incumbentia, +sutura longitudinali dehiscentia. + +_CONFER. Fig._ 2. + +_OBS._ Character hujusce generis, Hemionitidis characteri contrarius +admodum. Utrumque satis ab Asplenio distinctum, neque ullo modo cum +hoc confundi debet. +Termino _involucrum superficiarium_ intelligi velim involucrum quod a +superficie sive disco frondis ortum capit, nec a margine aut nervo. +Venula plerumque comitatur. + +_Exempl. Gener._ Asplenium Scolopendrium _Linn._ + .... Ceterach _ejusd._? + vix aliam speciem inveni. + +{411} + +7. BLECHNUM LINN. _Fructif._ in lineis longitudinalibus, continuis, +costae adjacentibus. +_Involucrum_ superficiarium, continuum, costam versus dehiscens. + +_Exempl. Gener._ Blechnum occidentale _Linn._ + ...... australe _ejusd._ + Osmunda spicant _ejusd._ + +8. WOODWARDIA _Fructif._ in punctis oblongis, distinctis, serialibus, +costae adjacentibus. +_Involucra_ superficiaria, fornicata, costam versus dehiscentia. + +_CONFER. Fig._ 3. + +_OBS._ Amicissimus Thomas Jenkinson WOODWARD L. L. B. Soc. Linn. +sodalis, observationibus variis, dissertationibusque de stirpibus +anglicanis praeclarus, vir summae fidei atque ingenii, hoc genus +optime meruit. + +_Exempl. Gener._ Species mihi notae sunt sequentes tantum. + 1. W. _augustifolia_, fronde pinnata: pinnis linearibus acutis, +integerrimis. _Habitat_ in Pensylvania. Ex amicissimo viro D. +_Georgio Staunton_ Baronetto habui. + 2. W. _japonica_, fronde pinnata: pinnis pinnatifidis, nervo nudo: +lobis obtusis, serratis, stipite squamoso. Blechnum japonicum. +_Thunb. Jap._ 333. _t._ 35. _Linn. suppl._ 445. + +_Obs._ In exemplari ab ipso Thunbergio misso, stipes squamosus & +scaber est, neque glaber, ut in Flo. Japonica traditur. + +{412} + +_Habitat_ in Japonia _Thunberg._ + + 3. W. _virginica_, fronde pinnata, pinnis pinnatifidis, nervo +utrinque fructificante: lobis obtusis serrulatis, stipite glabro. + Blechnum virginicum. _Linn. Mant._ 307. _Ait. hort. Kew. V._ 3. +460. + Filix mas vulgari similis, pinnulis amplioribus planis, nec +crenatis, virginiana. _Pluk. Phyt. t._ 179. _f_. 2. male + _Habitat_ in Virginia. + 4. W. _radicans_, fronde pinnata: pinnis pinnatifidis nervo nudo: +lobis acutis, serratis, stipite glabro. + Blechnum radicans. _Linn. Mant._ 307. (excluso syn. Pluk.) _Ait. +Hort. Kew. V._ 3. 460. + Filix italica non ramosa maxima, glabra, Polypodii folio, gallas +ferens, D. Michelii. _Til. Pis._ 62. _t._ 24. + _Habitat_ in Maderae rimis rupium profundis, argillaceis, +_Koenig_; in Amalphii & Cerasii valle inter Chartariam & Ferraram, +_Tilli_; in Lusitania, _Edoardus Whittaker Gray_ M. D. + +9. PTERIS LINN. _Fructif._ in linea marginali, continua. +_Involucrum_ e margine ipsius frondis inflexo, continuum, interius +dehiscens. + +_Exempl. Gener._ Pteris grandifolia _Linn._ + .... vittata _ejusd._ + .... cretica _ejusd._ + .... aquilina _ejusd._ + Huc forsitan spectant Acrostichum septentrionale, +atque australe _Linn._ ut & australe + +{413} + +_Vahlii Symb._ 1. _t._ 25., quae A. radiatum a Koenigio melius +appellatur. + +10. LINDSAEA DRYANDRI (inedit.) _Fructif._ in linea continua, a +margine parum remota. +_Involucrum_ superficiarium, continuum, exterius dehiscens. + +_CONFER. Fig._ 4. + +_Exempl. Gener._ Adiantum guianense _Aubl. Guian. t._ 365. + ...... sagittatum _ejusd. t._ 366. + ...... strictum _Swartz Prod._ 135. + +11. VITTARIA _Fructif._ in linea marginali continua. +_Involucrum_ duplex, continuum; _alterum_ superficiarium, exterius +dehiscens; _aliud_ e margine ipsius frondis, inflexo, interius +dehiscens. + +_CONFER. Fig._ 5. + +_Exempl. Gener._ Pteris lineata _Linn._ + Unica species, ni fallor, inter filices adhuc +inventas. + +12. LONCHITIS LINN. _Fructif._ in lineolis, sinubus frondis geminatim +subjectis, lunulatis. +_Involucra_ e margine ipsius frondis inflexa, interius dehiscentia. + +_OBS._ Genus habitu affine Pteridi, charactere Adianto. L. pedata +_Linn._ & L. adscentionis _Forst._ Pterides sont. + +_Exempl. Gener._ Lonchitis hirsuta _Linn._ + ...... aurita _ejusd._ + +{414} + +13. ADIANTUM LINN. _Fructif._ in punctis subrotundis, marginalibus, +distinctis. +_Involucra_ squamiformia, e margine ipsius frondis inflexo, +distincta, interius dehiscentia. + +_Exempl. Gener._ Adiantum Capillus-Veneris _Linn._ + ...... triphyllum _Smith Pl. Ic. t._ 74. + +14. DAVALLIA _Fructif._ in punctis subrotundis, submarginalibus, +distinctis. +_Involucra_ squamiformia, superficiaria, distincta, exterius +dehiscentia. + +_CONFER. Fig._ 6. + +_OBS._ Fructificationes respectu venarum semper terminales sunt, +nequaquam laterales. Genus gaudet habitu firmiori, nitido concinno, +neque tenero membranaceo, dilatato Trichomanis & Adianti. + +Botanico indefesso atque acutissimo, charactere amabili, ut & +scientia claro, Edmundo DAVALL, Soc. Linn. Sod. Urbae apud Helvetos +degenti, novum hoc genus lubentissime dicavi. + +_Exempl. Gener._ +1. D. _canariensis_, fronde tripartita alternatim supradecomposita: +lacinulis lanceolatis unifloris. +Trichomanes canariense _Linn._ +_Habitat_ in canariis, Lusitania, ad latera montium. _Loëfling, Herb. +Linn._ +2. D. _chinensis_, fronde alternatim tripinnata: lacinulis +cuneiformibus obtusis subbifloris. +Trichomanes chinense _Linn._ + +{415} + +_Habitat_ in China. +3. D. _clavata_, fronde alternatim decomposita: lacinulis +linearicuneiformibus obtusis unifloris. +Adiantum clavatum _Linn._ +_Habitat_ in Insulis Indiae Occidentalis. +4. D. _aculeata_, fronde supradecomposita: lacinulis cuneiformibus +obtusis palmato-lobatis multifloris, rachi flexuosa aculeata. +Adiantum aculeatum _Linn._ +_Habitat_ in Jamaica & Hispaniola. +5. D. _pedata_, fronde quinquangula trifida pinnatifida: laciniis +apice multifloris. +Adiantum repens _Linn. suppl._ 446. +_Habitat_ in Insula Mauritii. +_Obs._ Omnes fere species gaudent surculis repentibus squamosis, +nomen hujus triviale, a Linnaeo filio datum, necesse itaque mutandum +est. +6. D. _falcata_, fronde pinnata: pinnis lanceolatis subfalcatis +undulatis multifloris basi inaequaliter cordatis. +Lonchitis glabra minor. _Plum. fil._ 48., _t._ 63. +_Habitat_ ad rivulos, & in sylvis Antillinarum insularum. _Plumier._ +in Herb. Linn. absque nomine aut loco. +7. D. _pectinata_, fronde lanceolata pectinato-pinnatifida: laciniis +obtusis undulatis multifloris; infimis auriculatis semipinnatisve. +_Habitat_ in India Orientali, _D. Hurloch_ 1786. eandem forte in +Otaheite legit Nelson. _H. Banks._ +8. D. _heterophylla_, frondibus sterilibus simplicissimis + +{416} + +ovato-lanceolatis acutis integerrimis; fertilibus lineari-lanceolatis +sinuatis multifloris. +_Habitat_ in India orientali, Nicobar, Sumatra; ex herb. Banks. habui. + +15. DICKSONIA. L'Heritier. _Fructif._ in punctis subrotundis, +marginalibus, distinctis, prominentibus. +_Involucrum_ duplex; _alterum_ superficiarium, exterius dehiscens; +_aliud_ e margine ipsius frondis inflexo, alterum amplectens, +interius dehiscens. + +_CONFER. Fig._ 7. + +_OBS._ Habitus Davalliae. + +_Exempl. Gener._ Dicksonia arborescens, _Ait. Hort. Hew. V._ 3. 469. + ...... culcita _ibid._ + +16. CYATHEA. _Fructif._ sparsae, subrotundae, calyci hemisphaerico, +apice dehiscenti absque operculo, insidentes. + +_CONFER. Plum. Fil. t._ 2. + +_Exempl. Gener._ +1. C. _horrida_, caudice aculeato, fronde bipinnata, pinnatifida: +laciniis acuminatis, apice serratis, marginem versus floriferis, basi +venis anastomosantibus. +Polypodium horridum _Linn. Ip. Pl._ 1554. +_Habitat_ in Hispaniola & Jamaica. +2. C. _multiflora_, caudice... fronde bipinnata pinnatifida: laciniis +obtusis serratis; rachi alata, floribus sparsis; calyce lacero. + +{417} + +_Habitat_ in Jamaica; ex herb. Banks. +3. C. _arborea_, caudice arboreo squamoso fronde bipinnata: pinnulis +sessilibus serratis basi multifloris, calyce integerrimo. +Polypodium arboreum _Linn._ +_Habitat_ in Jamaica, _Everardus Home._ +4. C. _capensis_ fronde tripinnata: pinnulis sessilibus acutis +serratis basi unifloris, calyce lacero. +Polypodium capense _Linn. suppl._ 445. +Habitat ad Cap. bonae spei, _Sparrmann._ +5. C. _fragilis_, fronde bipinnata pinnatifida: laciniis obovatis +incisis; rachi alata, floribus sparsis; calyce lacero. +Polypodium fragile _Linn._ +_Habitat_ in Europae rupibus umbrosis humidis. +6. C. _montana_, fronde trifida bipinnata pinnatifida: laciniis +subfalcatis apice dentatis; rachi alata, floribus sparsis; calyce +lacero. +Polypodium montanum _Allion. Ped. n._ 2410. +_Habitat_ in Alpibus Europae. +_Obs._ Ejusdem generis mihi videtur Polypodium alpinum _Jacq. Coll. +V._ 2. 271. cum specimina ex amicissimo Jacquino filio mecum +communicata; minus bene cum descriptione Cl. Wulfeni, quoad +fructificationis tegmentum, concordent; nec tamen haec satis +perfecta, adeo ut ad quod genus amandanda sint certe sciam. + +17. TRICHOMANES. LINN. _Fructif._ margini frondis insertae, +distinctae. + +{418} + +_Involucra_ urceolata, monophylla, exterius hiantia. +_Columellae_ exsertae, pistilliformes. + +_CONFER. Plum. Fil. t._ 86. + +_OBS._ Habitus membranaceus, semipellucidus. + +_Ex. Gen._ Trichomanes crispum _Linn._ + ...... scandens _ejusd._ + ...... pusillum _Swartz. Prod._ 136. + ...... reptans _ejusd._ + ...... lucens _ejusd._ + ...... rigidum _ejusd._ + +18. HYMENOPHYLLUM. _Fructif._ margini frondis insertae, distinctae. +_Involucra_ bivalvia, planiuscula, recta, exterius hiantia. +_Columellae_ inclusae. + +_CONFER. Fig._ 8. + +_OBS._ Habitus Trichomanis. + +_Ex. Gen._ Trichomanes tunbridgense _Linn._ + ...... asplenoides _Swartz. Prod._ + ...... fucoides _ejusd._ + ...... ciliatum _ejusd._ + ...... lineare _ejusd._ + ...... undulatum _ejusd._ + ...... polyanthos _ejusd._ + ...... clavatum _ejusd._ + Etiam Adiantum decurrens _Jacq. Coll. V._ 2. 103, _t._ 2, +_f._ 1, 2, sed in hac specie columella mihi videtur exserta. + +{419} + +19. SCHIZAEA. _Fructif._ in appendiculo frondis, ejusdemque dorsum +tegentes. +_Involucra_ e marginibus appendiculi inflexis, continuis. + +_CONFER. Fig._ 9. + +_OBS._ Genus habitu distinctissimum, charactere obscurum. Nomen a +σκιξω, findo. + +_Ex. Gen._ Acrostichum pectinatum _Linn._ + ...... dichotomum _ejusd._ + ...... elegans _Vahl. Symbol._ 2., _t._ 50. + ?..... spicatum _Linn. Smith. Pl. Ic. t._ 49. + +SECTIO 2.da Thecatae. + +_Char. Essent._ Capsulae sessiles, per foramina dehiscentes, absque +annulo, nudae. + +20. GLEICHENIA. _Capsulae_ triloculares, trivalves; _dissepimenta_ e +medio valvularum. + +_CONFER. Fig._ 10. + +_OBS._ In memoriam Illustr. Gulielmi Friderici Baronis de _Gleichen_, +observationum microscopicarum in genitalia plantarum auctoris. + +_Exempl. Gen._ +1. Gleichenia _polypodioides_, unica species adhuc detecta. +Onoclea polypodioides _Linn. Mant._ 306. +_Habitat_ ad Cap. bonae spei. + +21. MARATTIA. SWARTZ. _Capsulae_ ovales, superne longitudinaliter +dehiscentes; _loculis_ utrinque pluribus. + +{420} + +_Ex. Gen._ Marattia alata _Swartz. Prod._ 128. _Sm. Pl. Jc. t._ 46. + ..... laevis _Sm. Pl. Jc. t._ 47. + ..... fraxinea _ibid. t._ 48. + +22. DANAEA. _Capsulae_ uniloculares extus porro dehiscentes, duplici +serie aggregatae. + +_CONFER. Fig._ 11. + +_OBS._ Nomen dedi in honorem amici, & fautoris maxime colendi, Bot. +Prof. J. Petri Mariae DANA, cujus nomine stirpem, quae mihi videtur +Ligustici species, jamjam condecoravit Illustr. Allionius. +Capsulae venulis insident. + +_Exempl. Gener._ +1. D. _nodosa_, rachi subsimplici, foliolis acuminatis, +subintegerrimis, ad marginem usque capsuliferis, stipulis acutis. +Asphenium nodosum _Linn._ +Lingua cervina nodosa major, _Plum. Fil._ 90, _t._ 108. +_Habitat_ in Jamaica, Hispaniola, Martinica, locis humidis umbrosis. +In _Herb. Linn._ +2. D. _alata_, rachi apice alata, foliolis serrulatis prope marginem +nudis, stipulis obtusis, erosis. +Lingua cervina nodosa minor, _Plum. Fil._ 91., _t._ 109. +_Habitat_ in Martinica, _Plumier. in herb. Linn._ + +{421} + +EXPLICATIO TABULAE + +Fig. 1. _Hemionitis plantaginea._ + a. Portio frondis, magn. nat. + b. Fructificatio aucta. + c. Annuli capsularum. + +Fig. 2. _Scolopendrium vulgare._ +Portio frondis magn. nat., cum fructif. in situ, involucris jam +diruptis. + +Fig. 3. _Woodwardia radicans._ + d. Pinnula. + e. Portio ejusdem aucta. + f. Involucrum. + +Fig. 4. _Lindsaea_, forte nova species. + g. Pinna. + h. Portio ejusdem aucta. + i. Involucrum. + k. Capsularum coacervatio. + +Fig. 5. _Vittaria lineata._ + l. Portio frondis. + m. Portio aucta. + n. Involucra. + +Fig. 6. _Davallia canariensis._ + o. Pinnula. + p. Eadem aucta. + q. Involucrum. + +{422} + +Fig. 7. _Dicksonia arborescens._ + r. Pinnula. + s. Fructif. aucta. + t. Involucrum interius. + u. Invol. exterius. + +Fig. 8. _Hymenophyllum_, nova species? + v. Portio frondis. + w. Pars ejusdem aucta. + x. Fructif. in statu naturali. + y. Involucrum arte expansum. + z. Capsulae. + +Fig. 9. _Schizaea dichotoma._ + aa. Apex frondis fructificantis. + bb. Aucta. + cc. Involucr. + +Fig. 10. _Gleichenia polypodioides._ + dd. Portio pinnae. + ee. Lacinia aucta. + ff. Capsulae apertura. + +Fig. 11. _Danaea nodosa._ + gg. Portio pinnae. + hh. Capsularum congeries aucta. + ii. Ejusdem interna structura. + +[Tabulae: — vid. plateix.png (Illustration: - see plateix.png)] + + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Tentamen Botanicum de Filicum +Generibus Dorsiferarum, by James Edward Smith + +*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK TENTAMEN BOTANICUM *** + +***** This file should be named 39534-0.txt or 39534-0.zip ***** +This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: + http://www.gutenberg.org/3/9/5/3/39534/ + +Produced by Omaio Systems + +Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions +will be renamed. + +Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no +one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation +(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without +permission and without paying copyright royalties. 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