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+The Project Gutenberg EBook of Ladies on Horseback, by Nannie Lambert
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: Ladies on Horseback
+       Learning, Park-Riding, and Hunting, with Hints upon Costume,
+       and Numerous Anecdotes
+
+Author: Nannie Lambert
+
+Release Date: April 21, 2012 [EBook #39501]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ASCII
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK LADIES ON HORSEBACK ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by Julia Miller and the Online Distributed
+Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This file was
+produced from images generously made available by The
+Internet Archive/American Libraries.)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+[Illustration: A woman dressed in riding clothes]
+
+
+
+LADIES ON HORSEBACK.
+
+LEARNING, PARK-RIDING, AND HUNTING, WITH HINTS UPON COSTUME, AND
+NUMEROUS ANECDOTES.
+
+
+BY
+
+MRS. POWER O'DONOGHUE
+(NANNIE LAMBERT).
+
+AUTHORESS OF "THE KNAVE OF CLUBS," "HORSES AND HORSEMEN,"
+"GRANDFATHER'S HUNTER," "ONE IN TEN THOUSAND," "SPRING LEAVES,"
+"THOUGHTS ON THE TALMUD," ETC., ETC.
+
+
+LONDON:
+W. H. ALLEN & CO., 13, WATERLOO PLACE, S.W.
+
+1881.
+
+[_All rights reserved._]
+
+LONDON:
+PRINTED BY W. H. ALLEN AND CO., 13, WATERLOO PLACE, S.W.
+
+
+
+
+  TO MY FRIEND
+  ALFRED E. T. WATSON, ESQ.,
+  AUTHOR OF "SKETCHES IN THE HUNTING FIELD," ETC.,
+  TO WHOM I OWE
+  MUCH OF MY SUCCESS AS A WRITER,
+  THESE PAGES
+  ARE GRATEFULLY INSCRIBED.
+
+
+
+
+Transcriber's Note: The 15 pages of advertisements preceding the title
+page have been moved to the end of this book.
+
+
+
+
+INTRODUCTION.
+
+
+In preparing this work for the press, I may state that it is composed
+chiefly of a series of papers on horses and their riders, which
+appeared a short time since in the columns of _The Illustrated Sporting
+and Dramatic News_. How they originally came to be written and
+published may not prove uninteresting.
+
+One day, in the middle of February 1880, a goodly company, comprising
+many thousands of persons, assembled upon the lawn of a nobleman's
+residence in the vicinity of Dublin; ostensibly for the purpose of
+hunting, but in reality to gaze at and chronicle the doings of a very
+distinguished foreign lady, who had lately come to our shores. I was
+there, of course; and whilst we waited for the Imperial party, I amused
+myself by watching the moving panorama, and taking notes of costume and
+effect. Everybody who could procure anything upon which to ride, from a
+racehorse to a donkey, was there that day, and vehicles of all
+descriptions blocked up every available inch of the lordly avenues and
+well-kept carriage-drives.
+
+There is for me so great an attraction in a number of "ladies on
+horseback" that I looked at them, and at them alone. One sees gentlemen
+riders every hour in the day, but ladies comparatively seldom; every
+hunting morning finds about a hundred and fifty mounted males ready for
+the start, and only on an average about six mounted females, of whom
+probably not more than the half will ride to hounds. This being the
+case, I always look most particularly at that which is the greater
+novelty, nor am I by any means singular in doing so.
+
+On the day of which I write, however, ladies on horseback were by no
+means uncommon: I should say there were at least two hundred present
+upon the lawn. Some rode so well, and were so beautifully turned
+out, that the most hypercritical could find no fault; but of the
+majority--what can I say? Alas! nothing that would sound at all
+favourable. Such horses, such saddles, such rusty bridles, such
+riding-habits, such hats, whips, and gloves; and, above all, such
+_coiffures_! My very soul was sorry. I could not laugh, as some others
+were doing. I felt too melancholy for mirth. It seemed to me most
+grievous that my own sex (many of them so young and beautiful) should
+be thus held up to ridicule. I asked myself was it thus in other
+places; and I came to London in the spring, and walked in the Row, and
+gazed, and took notes, and was not satisfied. Perhaps I was too
+critical. There was very much to praise, certainly, but there was also
+much wherewith to find fault. The style of riding was bad; the style of
+dressing was incomparably worse. The well-got-up only threw into darker
+shadow the notable defects visible in the forms and trappings of their
+less fortunate sisterhood. I questioned myself as to how this could be
+best remedied. Remonstrance was impossible--advice equally so. Why
+could not somebody write a book for lady equestrians, or a series of
+papers which might appear in the pages of some fashionable magazine or
+journal, patronised and read by them? The idea seemed a good one, but I
+lacked time to carry it out, and so it rested in embryo for many
+months. Last June, whilst recovering from serious illness, my cherished
+project returned to my mind. Forbidden to write, and too weak to hold a
+pen, I strove feebly with a pencil to trace my thoughts upon odd scraps
+of paper, which I thrust away in my desk without any definite idea as
+to what should eventually become of them. In July, whilst staying at a
+country house near Shrewsbury, I one day came upon these shorthand
+jottings, and, having leisure-time upon my hands, set to work and put
+them into form. A line to the Editor of _The Illustrated Sporting
+and Dramatic News_, with whom, I may state, I had had no previous
+acquaintance, brought an immediate reply, to send my work for
+consideration. I did so; called upon him by appointment when I came a
+few days later to London; made all arrangements in a three-minutes
+interview; and the first of my series of papers appeared shortly after.
+That they were successful, far beyond their deserts, is to me a proud
+boast. On their conclusion numerous firms negotiated with me for the
+copyright: with what result is known; and here to my publishers I
+tender my best thanks.
+
+In arranging now these writings--put together and brought before the
+public at a time when I had apparently many years of active life before
+me--it is to me a melancholy reflection that the things of which they
+treat are gone from my eyes,--for alas! I can ride no more. Never again
+may my heart be gladdened with the music of the hounds, or my frame
+invigorated by the exercise which I so dearly loved. An accident,
+sudden and unexpected, has deprived me of my strength, and left me to
+speak in mournful whispers of what was for long my happiest theme. Yet
+why repine where so much is left? It is but another chapter in our
+life's history! We love and cling to one pursuit--and it passes from
+us; then another absorbs our attention,--it, too, vanishes; and so
+on--perhaps midway to the end--until the "looking back" becomes so
+filled with saddened memories, that the "looking forward" is alone
+left. And so we turn our wistful eyes where they might never have been
+directed, had the prospect behind us been less dark.
+
+A few more words, and I close my preliminary observations and commence
+my subject. I cannot but be aware, from the nature of the correspondence
+which has flowed in upon me, that although far the greater number of my
+readers have agreed with me and entirely coincided in my views, not a
+few have been found to cavil. Let not such think that I am oblivious of
+their good intentions because I remain unconvinced by their arguments,
+and still prefer to maintain my own opinions, which I have not ventured
+to set forth without mature deliberation, and the most substantial
+reasons for holding them in fixity of tenure. I have spent some
+considerable time in turning over in my mind the advisability, or
+otherwise, of publishing, as a sort of appendix to this volume, a
+selection from the letters which were printed in _The Illustrated
+Sporting and Dramatic News_ with reference to my writings in that
+journal. After much deliberation I have decided upon suffering the
+entire number, with a few trifling exceptions, to appear. They only
+form a very small proportion of the voluminous correspondence with
+which the Editor and myself were favoured; but, such as they are, I
+give them--together with my replies,--not merely because they set forth
+the views and impressions of various persons upon topics of universal
+interest, but because I conceive that a large amount of useful
+information may be gleaned from them, and they may also serve to amuse
+my lady readers, who will doubtless be interested in the numerous
+queries which I was called upon to answer. Whether or not I have been
+able to fight my battles and maintain my cause, must be for others to
+determine.
+
+I likewise subjoin a little paper on "Hunting in Ireland"--also already
+published--which brought me many letters: some of them from persons
+whose word should carry undoubted weight, fully coinciding in and
+substantiating my views with regard to the cutting up of grass-lands;
+whilst further on will be found my article entitled "Hunting in
+America," originally published in _Life_, and copied from that journal
+into so many papers throughout the kingdom, and abroad, that it is
+now universally known, and cannot be here presented in the form of
+a novelty,--but is given for the benefit of those who may not have
+chanced to meet with it, and for whom the subject of American sports
+and pastimes may happen to possess interest.
+
+N. P. O'D.
+
+
+
+
+CONTENTS.
+
+
+PART I.
+
+LEARNING.
+
+
+CHAPTER I.
+
+A Popular Error.--Excellence in Riding attainable without any
+Youthful Knowledge of the Art.--The Empress of Austria.--Her
+Proficiency.--Her Palace.--Her Occupations.--Her Disposition.
+--Her Thoughts and Opinions.--The Age at which to learn.--
+Courage indispensable.--Taste a Necessity                           1
+
+
+CHAPTER II.
+
+Learner's Costume.--The Best Teacher.--Your Bridle.--Your
+Saddle.--Your Stirrup.--Danger from "Safety-stirrup."--A Terrible
+Situation.--Learning to Ride without any support for the Foot      11
+
+
+CHAPTER III.
+
+Mounting.--Holding the Reins.--Position in the Saddle.--Use of
+the Whip.--Trotting.--Cantering.--Riding from Balance.--Use of
+the Stirrup. Leaping.--Whyte Melville's opinion                    23
+
+
+PART II.
+
+PARK AND ROAD RIDING.
+
+
+CHAPTER IV.
+
+How to Dress.--A Country-girl's ideas upon the subject.--How
+to put on your Riding-gear.--How to preserve it.--First
+Road-ride.--Backing.--Rearing, and how to prevent it               44
+
+
+CHAPTER V.
+
+Running away.--Three Dangerous Adventures.--How to act when
+placed in Circumstances of Peril.--How to Ride a Puller.--
+Through the City.--To a Meet of Hounds.--Boastful Ladies.--A
+Braggart's Resource                                                62
+
+
+PART III.
+
+HUNTING.
+
+
+CHAPTER VI.
+
+Hunting-Gear.--Necessary Regard for Safe Shoeing.--Drive to the
+Meet.--Scene on arriving.--A Word with the Huntsman.--A Good
+Pilot.--The Covert-side.--Disappointment.--A Long Trot             81
+
+
+CHAPTER VII.
+
+Hounds in Covert.--The First Fence.--Follow your Pilot.--A
+River-bath.--A Wise Precaution.--A Label advisable.--Wall and
+Water Jumping.--Advice to Fallen Riders.--Hogging.--More Tail      98
+
+
+CHAPTER VIII.
+
+Holding on to a Prostrate Horse.--Is it Wise or otherwise?--An
+Indiscreet Jump.--A Difficult Finish.--The Dangers of Marshy
+Grounds.--Encourage Humanity.--A Reclaimed Cabby!                 111
+
+
+CHAPTER IX.
+
+Selfishness in the Field.--Fording a River.--Shirking a Fence.
+--Over-riding the Hounds.--Treatment of Tired Hunters.--Bigwig
+and the Major.--Naughty Bigwig.--Hapless Major                    120
+
+
+CHAPTER X.
+
+Feeding Horses.--Forage-biscuits.--Irish Peasantry.--A Cunning
+Idiot.--A Cabin Supper.--The Roguish Mule.--A Day at Courtown.
+--Paddy's Opinion of the Empress                                  131
+
+
+CHAPTER XI.
+
+The Double-rise.--Pointing out the Right Foot.--The force of
+Habit.--Various kinds of Fault-finding.--Mr. Sturgess'
+Pictures.--An English Harvest-home.--A Jealous Shrew.--A Shy
+Blacksmith.--How Irishmen get Partners at a Dance                 144
+
+
+CHAPTER XII.
+
+Subject of Feeding resumed.--Cooked Food recommended.--Effects of
+Raw Oats upon "Pleader."--Servants' Objections.--Snaffle-bridle,
+and Bit-and-Bridoon.--Kindness to the Poor.--An Unsympathetic
+Lady.--An Ungallant Captain.--What is a Gentleman?--_Au
+Revoir!_                                                          159
+
+
+PART IV.
+
+HUNTING IN IRELAND                                                173
+
+
+PART V.
+
+HUNTING IN AMERICA                                                183
+
+
+CORRESPONDENCE                                                    192
+
+
+
+
+LADIES ON HORSEBACK.
+
+
+
+
+PART I.
+
+LEARNING.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER I.
+
+A POPULAR ERROR.--EXCELLENCE IN RIDING ATTAINABLE WITHOUT ANY YOUTHFUL
+KNOWLEDGE OF THE ART.--THE EMPRESS OF AUSTRIA.--HER PROFICIENCY.--HER
+PALACE.--HER OCCUPATIONS.--HER DISPOSITION.--HER THOUGHTS AND OPINIONS.
+--THE AGE AT WHICH TO LEARN.--COURAGE INDISPENSABLE.--TASTE A NECESSITY.
+
+
+It is my belief that hints to ladies from a lady, upon a subject which
+now so universally occupies the female mind--hints, not offered in any
+cavilling nor carping spirit, but with an affectionate and sisterly
+regard for the interests of those addressed--cannot fail to be
+appreciated, and must become popular. Men write very well for men, but
+in writing for us ladies they cannot, however willing, enter into all
+the little delicacies and minutiae of our tastes and feelings, and so
+half the effect is lost.
+
+I do not purpose entering upon any discussion, nor, indeed, touching
+more than very lightly upon the treatment and management of the horse.
+A subject so exhaustive lies totally outside the limits of my pen,
+and has, moreover, been so ably treated by men of knowledge and
+experience, as to render one word further respecting the matter almost
+superfluous. I shall therefore content myself with surmising that
+the horses with which we may have to do throughout these remarks--be
+they school-horses, roadsters, or hunters--are at least sound,
+good-tempered, and properly trained. Their beauty and other attributes
+we shall take for granted, and not trouble ourselves about.
+
+And now, in addressing my readers, I shall endeavour to do so as
+though I spoke to each separately, and so shall adopt the term "you,"
+as being at once friendly and concise.
+
+My subject shall be divided into three heads. First the acquirement of
+the equestrian art; second, road and park riding; third, hunting; with
+a few hints upon the costume, &c. required for each, and a slight
+sprinkling of anecdote here and there to enliven the whole.
+
+I shall commence by saying that it is a mistake to imagine that
+riding, in order to be properly learnt, must be begun in youth: that
+nobody can excel as a horsewoman who has not accustomed herself to
+the saddle from a mere child. On the contrary some of the finest
+_equestriennes_ the world has ever produced have known little or
+nothing of the art until the spring-time of their life was past. Her
+Imperial Majesty the Empress of Austria, and likewise her sister the
+ex-Queen of Naples, cared nothing about riding until comparatively
+late in life. I know little, except through hearsay, of the last-named
+lady's proficiency in the saddle, but having frequently witnessed
+that of the former, and having also been favoured with a personal
+introduction at the gracious request of the Empress, I can unhesitatingly
+say that anything more superb than her style of riding it would be
+impossible to conceive. The manner in which she mounts her horse, sits
+him, manages him, and bears him safely through a difficult run, is
+something which must be seen to be understood. Her courage is amazing.
+Indeed, I have been informed that she finds as little difficulty in
+standing upon a bare-backed steed and driving four others in long
+reins, as in sitting quietly in one of Kreutzman's saddles. In the
+circus attached to her palace at Vienna she almost daily performs
+these feats, and encourages by prizes and evidences of personal favour
+many of the Viennese ladies who seek to emulate her example. There has
+been considerable discussion respecting the question of the Empress's
+womanliness, and the reverse. Ladies have averred--oh, jealous
+ladies!--that she is _not_ womanly; that her style of dressing is
+objectionable, and that she has "no business to ride without her
+husband!" These sayings are all open to but one interpretation; ladies
+are ever envious of each other, more especially of those who excel.
+The Empress is not only a perfect woman, but an angel of light and
+goodness. Nor do I say this from any toadyism, nor yet from the
+gratitude which I must feel for her kindly favour toward myself. I
+speak as I think and believe. Blessed with a beauty rarely given to
+mortal, she combines with it a sweetness of character and disposition,
+a womanly tenderness, and a thoughtful and untiring charity, which
+deserve to gain for her--as they have gained--the hearts as well as
+the loving respect and reverence of all with whom she has come in
+contact.
+
+I was pleased to find, whilst conversing with her, that many of my
+views about riding were hers also, and that she considered it a
+pity--as I likewise do--that so many lady riders are utterly spoilt by
+pernicious and ignorant teaching. I myself am of opinion that childhood
+is not the best time to acquire the art of riding. The muscles are too
+young, and the back too weak. The spine is apt to grow crooked, unless
+a second saddle be adopted, which enables the learner to sit on
+alternate days upon the off-side of the horse; and to this there are
+many objections. The best time to learn to ride is about the age of
+sixteen. All the delicacy to which the female frame is subject during
+the period from the thirteenth to the fifteenth year has then passed
+away, and the form is vigorous and strong, and capable of enduring
+fatigue.
+
+I know it to be a generally accepted idea that riding is like music and
+literature--the earlier it is learnt the better for the learner, and
+the more certain the proficiency desired to be attained. This is an
+entirely erroneous opinion, and one which should be at once discarded.
+I object, as a rule, to children riding. They cannot do so with any
+safety, unless put upon horses and ponies which are sheep-like in their
+demeanour; and from being accustomed to such, and to none other, they
+are nervous and frightened when mounted upon spirited animals which
+they feel they have not the strength nor the art to manage, and, being
+unused to the science of controlling, they suffer themselves to be
+controlled, and thus extinguish their chance of becoming accomplished
+horsewomen. I know ladies, certainly, who ride with a great show of
+boldness, and tear wildly across country after hounds, averring that
+they never knew what fear meant: why should they--having ridden from
+the time they were five years old? Very probably, but the bravery of
+the few is nothing by which to judge of a system which is, on the
+whole, pernicious. It is less objectionable for boys, because their
+shoulders are not apt to grow awry by sitting sideways, as little
+girls' do; nor are they liable to hang over upon one side; nor have
+they such delicate frames and weakly fingers to bring to the front.
+Moreover, if they tumble off, what matter? It does them all the good in
+the world. A little sticking-plaister and shaking together, and they
+are all right again. But I confess I _don't like_ to see a girl come
+off. Less than a year ago a sweet little blue-eyed damsel who was
+prattling by my side as she rode her grey pony along with me, was
+thrown suddenly and without warning upon the road. The animal
+stumbled--her tiny hands lacked the strength to pull him together--she
+was too childish and inexperienced to know the art of retaining her
+seat. She fell! and the remembrance of uplifting her, and carrying her
+little hurt form before me upon my saddle to her parents' house, is not
+amongst the brightest of my memories.
+
+We will assume, then, that you are a young lady in your sixteenth
+year, possessed of the desire to acquire the art of riding, and the
+necessary amount of courage to enable you to do so. This latter
+attribute is an absolute and positive necessity, for a coward will
+_never_ make a horsewoman. If you are a coward, your horse will soon
+find it out, and will laugh at you; for horses can and do laugh when
+they what is usually termed "gammon" their riders. Nobody who does not
+possess unlimited confidence and a determination to know no fear, has
+any business aspiring to the art. Courage is indispensable, and must
+be there from the outset. All other difficulties may be got over, but
+a natural timidity is an insurmountable obstacle.
+
+A cowardly rider labours under a two-fold disadvantage, for she not
+only suffers from her own cowardice, but actually imparts it to her
+horse. An animal's keen instinct tells him at once whether his master
+or his servant is upon his back. The moment your hands touch the reins
+the horse knows what your courage is, and usually acts accordingly.
+
+No girl should be taught to ride who has not a taste, and a most
+decided one, for the art. Yet I preach this doctrine in vain; for, all
+over the world, young persons are forced by injudicious guardians to
+acquire various accomplishments for which they have no calling, and at
+which they can never excel. It is just as unwise to compel a girl to
+mount and manage a horse against her inclination, as it is to force
+young persons who have no taste for music to sit for hours daily at a
+piano, or thrust pencils and brushes into hands unwilling to use them.
+A love for horses, and an earnest desire to acquire the art of riding,
+are alike necessary to success. An unwilling learner will have a bad
+seat, a bad method, and clumsy hands upon the reins; whereas an
+enthusiast will seem to have an innate facility and power to conquer
+difficulties, and will possess that magic sense of _touch_, and facile
+delicacy of manipulation, which go so far toward making what are
+termed "good hands,"--a necessity without which nobody can claim to be
+a rider.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER II.
+
+LEARNER'S COSTUME.--THE BEST TEACHER.--YOUR BRIDLE.--YOUR SADDLE.--
+YOUR STIRRUP.--DANGER FROM "SAFETY-STIRRUP."--A TERRIBLE SITUATION.
+--LEARNING TO RIDE WITHOUT ANY SUPPORT FOR THE FOOT.
+
+
+Having now discussed your age, your nerve, and your taste, we shall say
+a few words about your costume as a learner. Put on a pair of strong
+well-made boots; heels are not objectionable, but buttons are decidedly
+so, as they are apt to catch in the stirrup and cause trouble. Strong
+chamois riding-trousers, cloth from the hip down, with straps to fasten
+under the boots, and soft padding under the right knee and over the
+left, to prevent the friction of the pommels, which, to a beginner,
+generally causes much pain and uneasiness. A plain skirt of brown
+holland, and any sort of dark jacket, will suit your purpose quite
+well, for you are only going to learn; not to show off--yet. Your
+hat--any kind will do--must be securely fastened on, and your hair left
+flowing, for no matter how well you may fancy you have it fastened, the
+motion of the horse will shake it and make it feel unsteady, and the
+very first hairpin that drops out, up will go your hand to replace it,
+and your reins will be forgotten. As soon as you have put on a pair of
+strong loose gloves, and taken a little switch in your hand, you are
+ready to mount.
+
+The nicest place in which you can learn is a well-tanned riding-school
+or large green paddock, and the nicest person to teach you is a lady or
+gentleman friend, who will have the knowledge and the patience to
+instruct you. Heaven help the learner who is handed over to the tender
+mercies of John, the coachman, or Jem, the groom! Servants are rarely
+able to ride a yard themselves, and their attempt at teaching is
+proportionately lame. Your horse having been led out, your attendant
+looks to his girthing, &c., as stable servants are not always too
+particular respecting these necessary matters.
+
+The pleasantest bridle in which to ride is a plain ring-snaffle. Few
+horses will go in it; but, remember, I am surmising that yours has been
+properly trained. By riding in this bridle you have complete control
+over the movements of your horse--can, in fact, manage him with one
+hand, and you have the additional advantage of having fewer leathers to
+encumber and embarrass your fingers. A beginner is frequently puzzled
+to distinguish between the curb and the snaffle when riding with a
+double rein, and mistaking one for the other, or pulling equally at
+both, is apt to cause the horse much unnecessary irritation. It is
+lamentable to see the manner in which grown men and women, who ought to
+know so much better, tug and strain at their horses' mouths with an
+equal pull upon both reins, when riding, as is the custom, in a bit and
+bridoon. Perhaps of the two they draw the curb the tighter. It is not
+meant for cruelty--they do not appear to be aware that it _is_ cruel:
+but there is no greater sign of utter ignorance. Horses are not
+naturally vicious, and very few of them who have had any sort of
+fair-play in training, really require a curb, or will go as well or
+pleasantly upon it as if ridden in a snaffle-bridle.
+
+Your saddle is another most important point. Never commence, be your
+age ever so tender, by riding upon a pad. Accustom yourself from the
+beginning to the use of a properly constructed saddle, made as straight
+as a board, seat perfectly level, and scarcely any appearance of a
+pommel upon the off-side. A leaping-head, or what is commonly termed a
+third crutch, is, in my opinion, indispensable. To procure a saddle
+such as I describe you must have it made to order, for those of the
+present day are all made with something of a dip, which is most
+objectionable. I do not like the appearance of much stitching about a
+saddle. It has always appeared to me absurd to see the amount of
+elaborate embroidery which every old-fashioned saddle carries upon the
+near flap. Nothing could be more unnecessary than an outlay of labour
+upon a portion of the article which is always concealed beneath the
+rider's right leg. There might be some sense, although very little, in
+decorating the off-side and imparting to it something of an ornamental
+appearance; but in my opinion there cannot be too much simplicity about
+everything connected with riding appointments. A plainness, amounting
+even to severity, is to be preferred before any outward show. Ribbons,
+and coloured veils, and yellow gloves, and showy flowers are alike
+objectionable. A gaudy "get up" (to make use of an expressive
+common-place) is highly to be condemned, and at once stamps the wearer
+as a person of inferior taste. Therefore avoid it. Let your saddle be,
+like your personal attire, remarkable only for its perfect freedom from
+ornament or display. Have it made to suit yourself--neither too
+weighty, nor yet too small--and if you want to ride with grace and
+comfort, desire that it be constructed without one particle of the
+objectionable dip. There is a very old-established and world-noted firm
+in Piccadilly--Peat & Co.--where you can obtain an article such as I
+describe, properly made, and of durable materials, at quite a moderate
+cost. I can say, speaking from experience, that no trouble will be
+spared to afford you satisfaction, and that the workmanship will be not
+only lasting, but characterised by that neatness for which I am so
+strong an advocate. You should ride _on_ your saddle, not _in_ it, and
+you must learn to ride from balance or you will never excel, and this
+you can only do by the use of the level seat. A small pocket on the
+off-side, and a neat cross strap to support a waterproof, are of course
+necessary items.
+
+Your stirrup is the next important matter. I strongly disapprove of the
+old-fashioned slipper, as also of the so-called "safety" stirrup, which
+is, in my opinion, the fruitful source of many accidents. Half the
+lamentable mischances with which our ears are from time to time
+shocked, are due to the pertinacity with which ladies will cling to
+this murderous safety stirrup. So long as they will persist in doing
+so, casualties must be looked for and must occur. The padding over the
+instep causes the foot to become firmly imbedded, and in the event of
+an accident the consequences are dire, for the mechanism of the stirrup
+is almost invariably stiff or out of order, or otherwise refuses to
+act. Mr. Oldacre was, I believe, the inventor of the padded stirrup,
+and for this we owe him or his memory little thanks, although the
+gratitude of all lady riders is undoubtedly due to him for his
+admirable invention and patenting of the third crutch, without which
+our seat in the saddle would be far less comfortable and less secure.
+
+I dare say that I shall have a large section of aggrieved stirrup-makers
+coming down upon me with the phials of their wrath for giving publicity
+to this opinion, but in writing as I have done I merely state my own
+views, which I deem we are all at liberty to do; and looking upon my
+readers as friends, I warn them against an article of which I myself
+have had woful experience. I once purchased a safety stirrup at one of
+the best houses, and made by one of the best makers. The shopman showed
+it off to me in gallant style, expatiating upon its many excellencies,
+and adroitly managing the stiff machinery with his deft fingers, until
+I was fairly deceived, and gave him a handful of money for what
+subsequently proved a cause of trouble. I lost more than one good run
+with hounds through the breaking of this dearly-bought stirrup, having
+upon one occasion to ride quite a long distance away from the hunt to
+seek out a forge at which I might undergo repairs. Nor was this the
+worst, for one day, having incautiously plunged into a bog in my
+anxiety to be in at the death, my horse got stuck and began to sink,
+and of course I sought to release myself from him at once; but no, my
+foot was locked fast in that terrible stirrup, and I could not stir. My
+position was dreadful, for I had outridden my pilot, my struggling
+steed was momentarily sinking lower, and the shades of evening were
+fast closing in. I shudder to think what might have been my fate and
+that of my gallant horse had not the fox happily turned and led the
+hunt back along the skirts of the bog, thus enabling my cries for help
+to be heard by one or two brave spirits who came gallantly to my
+rescue. I have more than once since then been caught in a treacherous
+bog when following the chase, but never have I found any difficulty in
+jumping from my horse's back and helping him to struggle gamely on to
+the dry land, for I have never since ridden in a safety-stirrup, nor
+shall I ever be likely to do so again. It may be said, and probably
+with truth, that my servant had neglected to clean it properly from day
+to day, and that consequently the spring had got rusted and refused to
+act. Such may possibly have been the case, but might not the same thing
+occur to anyone, or at any time? Servants are the same all over the
+world, and yet you must either trust to them or spend half your time
+overlooking them in the stable and harness-room, which for a lady is
+neither agreeable nor correct.
+
+There is nothing so pleasant to ride in as a plain little racing-stirrup,
+from which the foot is in an instant freed. I have not for a long while
+back used anything else myself, nor has my foot ever remained caught,
+even in the most dangerous falls.
+
+I conceive it to be an admirable plan to learn to ride without a
+stirrup at all. Of course I do not mean by this that a lady should
+_ever_ go out park-riding or hunting _sans_ the aid of such
+an appendage, but she should be taught the necessity of dispensing with
+it in case of emergency. The benefits arising from such training are
+manifold. First, it imparts a freedom and independence which cannot
+otherwise be acquired; secondly, it gives an admirable and sure seat
+over fences; thirdly, it is an excellent means of learning how to ride
+from balance; and fourthly, in spite of its apparent difficulties, it
+is in the end a mighty simplifier, inasmuch as, when the use of the
+stirrup is again permitted, all seems such marvellously plain sailing,
+that every obstacle appears to vanish from the learner's path. In
+short, a lady who can ride fairly well without a support for her foot,
+must, when such is added, be indeed an accomplished horsewoman. I knew
+a lady who never made use of a stirrup throughout the whole course of
+an unusually long life, and who rode most brilliantly to hounds. Few,
+however, could do this, nor is it by any means advisable, but to be
+able occasionally to dispense with the support is doubtless of decided
+benefit.
+
+I have often found my training in this respect stand me in good stead,
+for it has more than once happened that in jumping a stiff fence, or
+struggling in a heavy fall, my stirrup-leather has given way, and I
+have had not alone to finish the run without it, but to ride many miles
+of a journey homeward.
+
+Nothing could be more wearisome to an untutored horsewoman than a long
+ride without a stirrup. The weight of her suspended limb becomes after
+a moment or two most inconvenient and even painful, whilst the trot of
+the horse occasions her to bump continuously in the saddle,--for the
+power of rising without artificial aid would appear a sheer impossibility
+to an ordinary rider whose teaching had been entrusted to an ordinary
+teacher. I would have you then bear in mind that although I advocate
+_practising_ without the assistance of a stirrup, I am totally
+against your setting out beyond the limits of your own lawn or paddock
+without this necessary support.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER III.
+
+MOUNTING.--HOLDING THE REINS.--POSITION IN THE SADDLE.--USE OF THE
+WHIP.--TROTTING.--CANTERING.--RIDING FROM BALANCE.--USE OF THE STIRRUP.
+--LEAPING.--WHYTE MELVILLE'S OPINION.
+
+
+Having now seen that your bridle, saddle, and stirrup are in proper
+order, you prepare to mount, and this will probably take you some time
+and practice to accomplish gracefully, being quite an art in itself.
+Nothing is more atrocious than to see a lady require a chair to mount
+her animal, or hang midway against the side of the saddle when her
+cavalier gives her the helping hand. Lay your right hand firmly upon
+the pommel of your saddle, and the left upon the shoulder of your
+attendant, in whose hand you place your left foot. Have ready some
+signal sentence, as "Make ready, go!" or "one, two, three!" Immediately
+upon pronouncing the last syllable make your spring, and if your
+attendant does his duty properly you will find yourself seated deftly
+upon your saddle.
+
+As I have already stated, this requires practice, and you must not be
+disappointed if a week or so of failure ensues between trial and
+success.
+
+As soon as you are firmly seated, take your rein (which, as I have
+said, should be a single one) and adjust it thus. Place the near side
+under the little finger of your left hand, and the off one between your
+first and second fingers, bringing both in front toward the right hand,
+and holding them securely in their place with the pressure of your
+thumb. This is merely a hint as to the simplest method for a beginner
+to adopt, for there is really no fixed rule for holding reins, nor must
+you at all times hold them in one hand only, but frequently--and always
+when hunting--put both hands firmly to your bridle. Anything stiff or
+stereotyped is to be avoided. A good rider, such as we hope you will
+soon become, will change her reins about, and move her position upon
+the saddle, so as to be able to watch the surrounding scenery--always
+moving gracefully, and without any abrupt or spasmodic jerkings, which
+are just as objectionable as the poker-like rigidity which I wish you
+to avoid. How common it is to see ladies on horseback sitting as though
+they were afraid to budge a hair, with pinioned elbows and
+straightly-staring eyes. This is most objectionable; in fact, nothing
+can be more unsightly. A graceful, easy seat, is a good horsewoman's
+chief characteristic. She is not afraid of tumbling off, and so she
+does not look as though she were so; moreover, she has been properly
+taught in the commencement, and all such defects have been rectified by
+a careful supervision.
+
+With regard to your whip, it must be held point downwards, and if you
+have occasion to touch your horse, give it to him down the shoulder,
+but always with temperance and kindly judgment. I once had a
+riding-master who desired me to hold my whip balanced in three fingers
+of my right hand, point upwards, the hand itself being absurdly bowed
+and the little finger stuck straight out like a wooden projection. My
+natural good sense induced me to rebel against anything so completely
+ridiculous, and I quietly asked my teacher why I was to carry my whip
+in that particular position. His answer was--"Oh, that you may have it
+ready _to strike your horse on the neck_." Shades of Diana! this
+is the way our daughters are taught in schools, and we marvel that they
+show so little for the heaps of money which we hopefully expend upon
+them.
+
+Being then fairly seated upon your saddle, your skirt drawn down and
+arranged by your attendant, your reins in your hand and your whip
+arranged, you must proceed to walk your horse quietly around the
+enclosure, having first gently drawn your bridle through his mouth. You
+will feel very strange at first: much as though you were on the back of
+a dromedary and were completely at his mercy. Sit perfectly straight
+and erect, but without stiffness. Be careful not to hang over upon
+either side, and, above all things, avoid the pernicious habit of
+clutching nervously with the right hand at the off pommel to save
+yourself from some imaginary danger. So much does this unsightly habit
+grow upon beginners, that, unless checked, it will follow them through
+life. I know grown women who ride every day, and the very moment their
+horse breaks into a canter or a trot they lay a grim grip upon the
+pommel, and hold firmly on to it until the animal again lapses into a
+walk. And this they do unconsciously. The habit, given way to in
+childhood, has grown so much into second nature that to tell them of it
+would amaze them. I once ventured to offer a gentle remonstrance upon
+the subject to a lady with whom I was extremely intimate, and she was
+not only astonished, but so displeased with me for noticing it, that
+she was never quite the same to me afterwards; and so salutary was the
+lesson which I then received that I have since gone upon the principle
+of complete non-interference, and if I saw my fellow _equestriennes_
+riding gravely upon their horses' heads I would not suggest the
+rationality of transferring their weight to the saddle. And this
+theory is a good one, or at least a wise one; for humanity is so
+inordinately conceited that it will never take a hint kindly, unless
+asked for; and not always even then.
+
+To sit erect upon your saddle is a point of great importance; if you
+acquire a habit of stooping it will grow upon you, and it is not only a
+great disfigurement, but not unfrequently a cause of serious accident,
+for if your horse suddenly throws up his head, he hits you upon the
+nose, and deprives you of more blood than you may be able to replace in
+a good while.
+
+As soon as you can feel yourself quite at home upon your mount, and
+have become accustomed to its walking motion, your attendant will urge
+him into a gentle trot. And now prepare yourself for the beginning of
+sorrows. Your first sensation will be that of being shaken to pieces.
+You are, of course, yet quite ignorant of the art of rising in your
+saddle, and the trot of the horse fairly churns you. Your hat shakes,
+your hair flaps, your elbows bang to your sides, you are altogether
+miserable. Still, you hold on bravely, though you are ready to cry from
+the horrors of the situation.
+
+Your attendant, by way of relieving you, changes the trot to a canter,
+and then you are suddenly transported to Elysium. The motion is
+heavenly. You have nothing to do but sit close to your saddle, and you
+are borne delightfully along. It is too ecstatic to last. Alas! it will
+never teach you to ride, and so you return to the trot and the shaking
+and the jogging, the horrors of which are worse than anything you have
+ever previously experienced. You try vainly to give yourself some ease,
+but fail utterly, and at length dismount--hot, tired, and disheartened.
+
+But against this latter you must resolutely fight. Remember that
+nothing can be learned without trouble, and by-and-by you will be
+repaid. It is not everybody who has the gift of perseverance, and it is
+an invaluable attribute. It is a fact frequently commented upon, not
+alone by me but by many others also, that if you go for the hiring of a
+horse to any London livery-stable you will be sent a good-looking beast
+enough, but he will not be able to trot a yard. Canter, canter, is all
+that he can do. And why? He is kept for the express purpose of carrying
+young ladies in the Row, and these young ladies have never learnt to
+trot. They can dress themselves as vanity suggests in fashionably-cut
+habits, suffer themselves to be lifted to the saddle, and sit there,
+looking elegant and pretty, whilst their horse canters gaily down the
+long ride; but were the animal to break into a trot (which he is far
+too well tutored to attempt to do), they would soon present the same
+shaken, dilapidated, dishevelled, and utterly miserable appearance
+which you yourself do after your first experience of the difficulties
+which a learner has to encounter.
+
+The art of rising in the saddle is said to have been invented by one
+Dan Seffert, a very famous steeplechase jockey, who had, I believe,
+been a riding-master in the days of his youth. If this be true--which
+there is no reason to doubt--we have certainly to thank him, for it is
+a vast improvement upon the jog-trot adopted by the cavalry, which,
+however well it may suit them and impart uniformity of motion to their
+"line-riding," is not by any means suited to a lady, either for
+appearances or for purposes of health.
+
+You come up for your next day's lesson in a very solemn mood. You are,
+in fact, considerably sobered. You had thought it was all plain
+sailing: it _looked_ so easy. You had seen hundreds of persons
+riding, trotting, and even setting off to hunt, and had never dreamed
+that there had been any trouble in learning. Now you know the
+difficulties and what is before you.
+
+You recall your sufferings during your first days upon the ice, or on
+the rink. How utterly impossible it seemed that you could ever excel;
+how you tumbled about; how miserably helpless you felt, and how many
+heavy falls you got! Yet you conquered in the end, and so you will
+again.
+
+You take courage and mount your steed. First you walk him a little, as
+yesterday; and then the jolting begins again. How are you ever to get
+into that rise and fall which you have seen with others, and so much
+covet? How are you to accomplish it? Only by doing as I tell you, and
+persevering in it. As your horse throws out his near foreleg press your
+foot upon your stirrup, in time to lift yourself slightly as his off
+foreleg is next thrown out. Watch the motion of his legs, press your
+foot, and at the same time slightly lift yourself from your saddle. For
+a long while, many days perhaps, it will seem to be all wrong; you have
+not got into it one bit; you are just as far from it apparently as when
+you commenced. You are hot and vexed, and you, perhaps, cry with
+mortification and disappointment, as I have seen many a young beginner
+do; bitterly worried and disheartened you are, and ready to give up,
+when, lo! quite suddenly, as though it had come to you by magic and not
+through your own steady perseverance, you find yourself rising and
+falling _with_ the trot of the horse, and your labours are
+rewarded.
+
+After this your lessons are a source of delight. You no longer come
+from them flushed and worried, but joyous and exultant and impatient
+for the next. You have begun to feel quite brave, and to throw out
+hints that you are longing for a good ride on the road. You now know
+how to make your horse trot and canter; the first by a light touch of
+your whip and a gentle movement of your bridle through his mouth; the
+second by a slight bearing of the rein upon the near side of his mouth,
+so as to make him go off upon the right leg, and a little warning touch
+of your heel. You fancy, in fact, that you are quite a horsewoman, and
+have already rolled up your hair into a neat knot, and hinted to papa
+that you should greatly like a habit. But, alas! you have plenty of
+trouble yet before you, plenty to learn, plenty of falls to get and to
+bear. At present you can ride fairly well on the straight; but you know
+nothing of keeping your balance in time of danger. Your horse is very
+quiet, but if he chanced to put back his ears you would be off.
+
+You are taught to maintain your balance in the following way:--
+
+Your attendant waits until your horse is cantering pretty briskly in a
+circle from left to right, when he suddenly cracks his whip close to
+the animal's heels, who immediately swerves and turns the other way.
+You have had no warning of the movement, and consequently you tumble
+off, and are put up again, feeling a little shaken and a good deal
+crestfallen. Most likely you will fall again and again, until you have
+thoroughly mastered the art of riding from balance.
+
+This is a method I have seen adopted, especially in schools, with
+considerable success, but it is certainly attended with inconvenience
+to the learner, and with a goodly portion of the risk from falls which
+all who ride _must_ of necessity run. To ride well from balance is
+not a thing which can be accomplished in a day, nor a month, nor
+perhaps a year. Many pass a life-time without practically comprehending
+the meaning of the term. They ride every day, hold on to the bridle,
+guide their horses, and trust to chance for the rest; but this is not
+true horsemanship. It could no more be called _riding_ than could
+a piece of mechanical pianoforte-playing be termed music. When you
+have, after much difficulty and delay, mastered the obstacles which
+marred your progress, you will then have the happy consciousness of
+feeling that however your horse may shy or swerve, or otherwise depart
+from his good manners, you can sit him with the ease and closeness of a
+young centaur.
+
+This art of riding from balance is not half sufficiently known. It is
+one most difficult to acquire, but the study is worth the labour.
+Nine-tenths of the lady equestrians, and perhaps even a greater number
+of gentlemen, ride from the horse's head; a detestable practice which
+cannot be too highly condemned. I must also warn you against placing
+too much stress upon the stirrup when your horse is trotting. You must
+bear in mind that the stirrup is intended for a support for the
+foot--not to be ridden from. By placing your right leg firmly around
+the up-pommel, and pressing the left knee against the leaping-head, you
+can accomplish the rise in your saddle with slight assistance from the
+stirrup; and this is the proper way to ride. The lazy, careless habit
+into which many women fall, of resting the entire weight of the body
+upon the stirrup, not only frequently causes the leathers to snap at
+most inconvenient times, but is the lamentable cause of half the sore
+backs and ugly galls from which poor horses suffer so severely.
+
+Having at length perfected yourself in walking, trotting, cantering,
+and riding from balance, you have only to acquire the art of
+leaping--and then you will be finished, so far as teaching can make you
+so. Experience must do the rest.
+
+It is a good thing, when learning, to mount as many different horses as
+you possibly can; always, of course, taking care that they are
+sufficiently trained not to endeavour to master you. Horses vary
+immensely in their action and gait of going: so much so, that if you do
+not accustom yourself to a variety you will take your ideas from one
+alone, and will, when put upon a strange animal, find yourself
+completely at sea.
+
+Do not suffer anything to induce you to take your first leap over a bar
+or pole similar to those used in schools. The horse sees the daylight
+under it, knows well that it is a sham, goes at it unwillingly, does
+not half rise to it, drops his heels when in the air, and knocks it
+down with a crash,--only to do the same thing a second time, and a
+third, and a fourth also, if urged to do that which he despises.
+
+Choose a nice little hurdle about two feet high, well interwoven with
+gorse; trot your horse gently up to it, and let him see what it is;
+then, turn him back and send him at it, sitting close glued to your
+saddle, with a firm but gentle grip of your reins, and your hands held
+low. To throw up the hands is a habit with all beginners, and should at
+once be checked. Fifty to one you will stick on all right, and, if you
+come off, why it's many a good man's case, and you must regard it as
+one of the chances of war.
+
+The next day you may have the gorse raised another half-foot above the
+hurdle, and so on by degrees, until you can sit with ease over a jump
+of five feet. Always bear in mind to keep your hands quite down upon
+your horse's withers, and never interfere with his mouth. Sit well
+back, leave him his head, and he will not make a mistake. Of course, I
+am again surmising that he has been properly trained, and that you
+alone are the novice. To put a learner upon an untrained animal would
+be a piece of folly, not to say of wickedness, of which we hope nobody
+in this age of enlightenment would dream of being guilty. In jumping a
+fence or hurdle do not leave your reins quite slack; hold them lightly
+but firmly, as your horse should jump against his bridle, but do not
+pull him. A gentle support is alone necessary.
+
+That absurd and vulgar theory about "lifting a horse at his fences," so
+freely affected by the ignorant youth of the present day, cannot be too
+strongly deprecated. That same "lifting" has broken more horses'
+shoulders and more _asses'_ necks than anything else on record. A
+good hunter with a bad rider upon his back will actually shake his head
+free on coming up to a fence. He knows that he cannot do what is
+expected of him if his mouth is to be chucked and worried, any more
+than you or I could under similar circumstances, and so he asserts his
+liberty. How often, in a steeplechase, one horse early deprived of his
+rider will voluntarily go the whole course and jump every obstacle in
+perfect safety, even with the reins dangling about his legs, yet never
+make a mistake; whilst a score or so of compeers will be tumbling at
+every fence. And why? The answer is plain and simple. The free horse
+has his head, and his instinct tells him where to put his feet; whereas
+the animals with riders upon their backs are dragged and pulled and
+sawn at, until irritation deprives them of sense and sight, and,
+rushing wildly at their fences (probably getting another tug at the
+moment of rising), they fall, and so extinguish their chance of a win.
+
+I do not, of course, in saying this, mean for a moment to question the
+judgment and horsemanship of very many excellent jockeys, whose ability
+is beyond comment and their riding without reproach. I speak of the
+rule, not of the few exceptions.
+
+Half the horses who fall in the hunting-field are thrown down by their
+riders; this is a fact too obvious to be contradicted. Men over-riding
+their horses, treating them with needless cruelty, riding them when
+already beaten: these are the fruitful causes of falls in the field,
+together with that most objectionable practice of striving to "lift"
+an animal who knows his duties far better than the man upon his back.
+It is a pity, and my heart has often bled to see how the noblest of
+God's created things is ill-treated and abused by the human brute who
+styles himself the master. It is, indeed, a disgrace to our humanity
+that this priceless creature, given to a man with a mind highly
+wrought, sensitive, yearning for kindness, and capable of appreciating
+each word and look of the being whose willing slave it is, should be
+treated with cruelty, and in too many cases regarded but as a sort of
+machine to do the master's bidding. Who has not seen, and mourned to
+see, the tired, patient horse, spurred and dragged at by a remorseless
+rider, struggling gamely forward in the hunting-field, with bleeding
+mouth and heaving, bloody flanks, to enable a cruel task-master to see
+the end of a second run, and even of a third, after having carried him
+gallantly through a long and intricate first? It is a piece of
+inhumanity which all humane riders see and deplore every day
+throughout the hunting season. We cannot stop it, but we can speak
+against it and write it down, and discountenance it in every possible
+way, as we are all bound to do. Why will not men be brought to see
+that in abusing their horses they are compassing their own loss? that
+in taxing the powers of a beaten animal they are riding for a fall,
+and are consequently endangering the life which God has given them?
+
+There is much to be learnt in the art of fencing besides hurdle-leaping.
+A good timber-jumper will often take a ditch or drain in a very
+indifferent manner. I have seen a horse jump a five-barred gate in
+magnificent style, yet fall short into a comparatively narrow ditch;
+and _vice versa_; therefore, various kinds of jumps must be kept
+up, persevered in, and kept constantly in practice. Two things must
+always be preserved in view; never sit loosely in your saddle, and
+always ride well from balance, never from your horse's head. In taking
+an up jump leave him abundance of head-room, and sit _well_ back,
+lest in his effort he knock you in the face. If the jump is a down
+one--what is known as an "ugly drop"--follow the same rules; but, when
+your horse is landing, give him good support from the bridle, as,
+should the ground be at all soft or marshy, he might be apt to peck,
+and so give you an ugly fall.
+
+It is a disputed point whether or not horses like jumping. I am
+inclined to coincide in poor Whyte-Melville's opinion that they do not.
+He was a good authority upon most subjects connected with equine
+matters, and so he ought to know; but of one thing I am positively
+certain: they abhor schooling. However a horse may tolerate or even
+enjoy a good fast scurry with hounds, there can be no doubt that he
+greatly dislikes being brought to his fences in cold blood. He has not,
+when schooling, the impetus which sends him along, nor the example or
+excitement to be met with in the hunting-field. The horse is naturally
+a timid animal, and this is why he so frequently stops short at his
+fences when schooling. He mistrusts his own powers. When running with
+hounds he is borne along by speed and by excitement, and so goes skying
+over obstacles which appal him when trotted quietly to them on a
+schooling day. It is just the difference which an actor feels between a
+chilling rehearsal and the night performance, when the theatre is
+crowded and the clapping of hands and the shouting of approving voices
+lend life and spirit to the part he plays.
+
+You will probably get more falls whilst schooling than ever you will
+get in the hunting-field, but a few weeks' steady practice over good
+artificial fences or a nice natural country, will give you a firm seat
+and an amount of confidence which will stand to you as friends.
+
+
+
+
+PART II.
+
+PARK AND ROAD RIDING.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER IV.
+
+HOW TO DRESS.--A COUNTRY-GIRL'S IDEAS UPON THE SUBJECT.--HOW TO PUT
+ON YOUR RIDING-GEAR.--HOW TO PRESERVE IT.--FIRST ROAD-RIDE.--BACKING.
+--REARING, AND HOW TO PREVENT IT.
+
+
+Having now mastered the art of riding, you will of course be desirous
+of appearing in the parks and on the public roadways, and exhibiting
+the prowess which it has cost you so much to gain.
+
+For your outfit you will require, in addition to the articles already
+in your possession, a nice well-made habit of dark cloth. If you are a
+very young girl, grey will be the most suitable; if not, dark blue. If
+you live in London, pay a visit to Mayfair, and get Mr. Wolmershausen
+to make it for you; if in Dublin, Mr. Scott, of Sackville Street, will
+do equally well; indeed, for any sort of riding-gear, ladies' or
+gentlemen's, he is not to be excelled. If you are not within easy
+distance of a city, go to the best tailor you can, and give him
+directions, which he must not be above taking. Skirt to reach six
+inches below the foot, well shaped for the knee, and neatly shotted at
+end of hem just below the right foot; elastic band upon inner side, to
+catch the left toe, and to retain the skirt in its place. It should be
+made tight and spare, without _one inch_ of superfluous cloth;
+jacket close-fitting, but sufficiently easy to avoid even the suspicion
+of being squeezed; sleeves perfectly tight, except at the setting on,
+where a slight puffiness over the shoulder should give the appearance
+of increased width of chest. No braiding nor ornamentation of any sort
+to appear. A small neat linen collar, upright shape, with cuffs to
+correspond, should be worn with the habit, no frilling nor fancy work
+being admissible--the collar to be fastened with a plain gold or silver
+stud.
+
+The nicest hat to ride in is an ordinary silk one, much lower than they
+are usually made, and generally requiring to be manufactured purposely
+to fit and suit the head. Of course, if you are a young girl, the melon
+shape will not be unsuitable, but the other is more in keeping, more
+becoming, and vastly more economical in the end, although few can be
+induced to believe this. It is the custom in many households to
+purchase articles for their cheapness, without any regard to quality or
+durability, and this you should endeavour to avoid. Speaking from
+experience, the best things are always the cheapest. I pay from a
+guinea to a guinea and a half for a good silk hat, and find that it
+wears out four felt ones of the quality usually sold at ten and
+sixpence. There is no London house at which you can procure better
+articles or better value than at Lincoln, Bennett, & Co., Sackville
+Street, Piccadilly. For nearly half a century they have been the
+possessors of an admirable contrivance, which should be seen to be
+appreciated, by which not alone is the size of the head ascertained,
+but its precise shape is definitely marked and suited, thus avoiding
+all possibility of that distressing pressure upon the temples, which is
+a fruitful source of headache and discomfort to so many riders. Hats
+made at this firm require no elastics--if it be considered desirable to
+dispense with such--as the fit is guaranteed. Never wear a veil on
+horseback, except it be a black one, and nothing with a border looks
+well. A plain band of spotted net, just reaching below the nostrils,
+and gathered away into a neat knot behind, is the most _distingue_. Do
+not wear anything sufficiently long to cover the mouth, or it will
+cause you inconvenience on wet and frosty days. For dusty roads a
+black gauze veil will be found useful, but avoid, as you would poison,
+every temptation to wear even the faintest scrap of colour on
+horseback. All such atrocities as blue and green veils have happily
+long since vanished, but, even still, a red bow, a gaudy flower stuck
+in the button-hole, and, oh, horror of horrors! a pocket handkerchief
+appearing at an opening in the bosom, looking like a miniature
+fomentation--these still occasionally shock the eyes of sensitive
+persons, and cause us to marvel at the wearer's bad taste.
+
+I was once asked to take a young lady with me for a ride in the park,
+to witness a field-day, or polo match, or something or another of
+especial interest which happened to be going forward. I would generally
+prefer being asked to face a battery of Zulus rather than act as
+_chaperone_ to young lady _equestriennes_, who are usually
+ignorant of riding, and insufferably badly turned out. However, upon
+this occasion I could not refuse. The lady's parents were kind, amiable
+country folks, who had invested a portion of their wealth in sending
+their daughter up to town to get lessons from a fashionable
+riding-master, and to ride out with whomsoever might be induced to take
+her.
+
+Well, the young lady's horse was the first arrival: a hired hack--usual
+style; bones protruding--knees well over--rusty bridle--greasy
+reins--dirty girths--and dilapidated saddle, indifferently polished up
+for the occasion.
+
+The young lady herself came next, stepping daintily out of a cab, as
+though she were quite mistress of the situation. Ye gods! What a get
+up! I was positively electrified. Her habit--certainly well made--was
+of bright blue cloth, with worked frills at the throat and wrists. She
+wore a brilliant knot of scarlet ribbon at her neck, and a huge bouquet
+in her button-hole. Her hat was a silk one, set right on the back of
+her head, with a velvet rosettte and steel buckle in front, and a long
+veil of grey gauze streaming out behind. When we add orange gloves, and
+a riding-whip with a gaudy tassel appended to it, you have the details
+of a costume at once singular and unique.
+
+I did not at first know whether to get a sudden attack of the measles
+or the toothache, and send her out with my groom to escort her, but
+discarding the thought as ill-natured, I compromised matters by
+bringing her to my own room, and effecting alterations in her toilet
+which soon gave her a more civilised appearance. I set the hat straight
+upon her head, and bound it securely in its place, removed from it the
+gauze and buckle, and tied on one of my own plain black veils of simple
+spotted net. I could not do away with the frillings, for they were
+stitched on as though they were never meant to come off; but the red
+bow I replaced with a silver arrow, threw away the flowers, removed the
+whip-tassel, and substituted a pair of my own gloves for the cherished
+orange kid. Then we set out.
+
+I wanted to go a quiet way to the park, so as to avoid the streets of
+the town, but she would not have it. Nothing would do that girl but to
+go bang through the most crowded parts of the city, the hired hack
+sliding over the asphalte, and the rider (all unconscious of her
+danger) bowing delightedly to her acquaintances as she passed along.
+Poor girl! that first day out of the riding-school was a gala day for
+her.
+
+The nicest gloves for riding are pale cream leather, worked thickly on
+the backs with black. A few pairs of these will keep you going, for
+they clean beautifully. A plain riding-whip _without_ a tassel,
+and a second habit of dark holland if you live in the country, will
+complete your necessary outfit.
+
+I shall now give you a few hints as to the best method of putting on
+your riding gear, and of preserving the same after rain or hard
+weather. Your habit-maker will, of course, put large hooks around the
+waist of your bodice, and eyes of corresponding size attached to the
+skirt, so that both may be kept in their place, but if you have been
+obliged to entrust your cloth to a country practitioner, who has
+neglected these minor necessaries, be sure you look to them yourself,
+or you will some day find that the opening of your skirt is right at
+your back, and that the place shaped out for your knee has twisted
+round until it hangs in unsightly crookedness in front of the buttons
+of your bodice.
+
+Let it be a rule with you to avoid using any pins. Put two or three
+neat stitches in the back of your collar, so as to affix it to your
+jacket, having first measured to see that the ends shall meet exactly
+evenly in front, where you will fasten them neatly with a stud. The
+ordinary system of placing one pin at the back of the collar and one at
+either end is much to be deprecated. Frequently one of these pins
+becomes undone, and then the discomfort is incalculable, especially if,
+as often occurs, you are out for a long day, and nobody happens to be
+able to accommodate you with another.
+
+Pinning cuffs is also a reprehensible habit, for the reason just
+stated. Two or three little stitches where they will not show, upon the
+inner side of the sleeve, will hold the cuff securely in its place and
+prevent it turning round or slipping up or down, any of which will be
+calculated to cause discomfort to the rider.
+
+It is not a bad method, either, to stitch a small button at the back of
+the neck of the jacket, upon the inner side, upon which the collar can
+be secured, fastening the cuffs in the same manner to buttons attached
+to the inner portion of each sleeve. In short, anything in the shape of
+a device which will check the unseemly habit of using a multiplicity of
+pins, may be regarded as a welcome innovation, and at once adopted.
+
+It is a good plan, when you undress from your ride, to ascertain
+whether your collar and cuffs are sufficiently clean to serve you
+another day, and if they are not, replace them at once by fresh ones;
+for it may happen that when you go to attire yourself for your next
+ride, you may he too hurried to look after what should always be a
+positive necessity, namely, perfectly spotless linen.
+
+There is a material, invented in America and as yet but little known
+amongst us here, which is invaluable to all who ride. It is called
+Celluloid, and from it collars, cuffs, and shirt-fronts are
+manufactured which resemble the finest and whitest linen, yet which
+never spot, never crush, never become limp, and never require washing,
+save as one would wash a china saucer, in a basin of clear water, using
+a fine soft towel for the drying process. I do not know the nature of
+the composition, but I can certainly bear testimony to its worth, and
+being inexpensive as well as convenient, it cannot fail, when known, to
+become highly popular.
+
+The adjusting of your hat is another important item. Stitch a piece of
+black elastic (the single-cord round kind is the best) from one
+side--the inner one of course--to the other, of just sufficient length
+to catch well beneath your hair. This elastic you can stretch over the
+leaf of your hat at the back, and then, when the hat is on and nicely
+adjusted to your taste in front, you have only to put back your hand
+and bring the band of elastic deftly under your hair. The hat will then
+be immovable, and the elastic will not show. In fastening your veil, a
+short steel pin with a round black head is the best. The steel slips
+easily through the leaf of the hat, and the head, being glossy and
+large, is easily found without groping or delay, whenever you may
+desire to divest yourself of it.
+
+I shall now tell you how to proceed with the various items of your
+toilet on coming home, after being overtaken by stress of weather. No
+matter how wealthy you may be, or how many servants you may be entitled
+to keep, always look after these things yourself.
+
+Hang the skirt of your habit upon a clothes-horse, with a stick placed
+across inside to extend it fully. Leave it until thoroughly dry, and
+then brush carefully. The bodice must be hung in a cool dry place, but
+never placed near the fire, or the cloth will shrink, and probably
+discolour.
+
+Dip your veil into clear cold water, give it one or two gentle squeezes,
+shake it out, and hang it on a line, spreading it neatly with your
+fingers, so that it may take no fold in the drying.
+
+Your hat comes next. Dip a fine small Turkey sponge, kept for the
+purpose and freed from sand, into a basin of lukewarm water, and draw
+it carefully around the hat. Repeat the process, going over every
+portion of it, until crown, leaf, and all are thoroughly cleansed; then
+hang in a cool, airy place to dry. In the morning take a soft brush,
+which use gently over the entire surface, and you will have a perfectly
+new hat. No matter how shabby may have been your headpiece, it will be
+quite restored, and will look all the better for its washing. This is
+one of the chief advantages of silk hats. Do not omit to brush after
+the washing and drying process, or your hat will have that unsightly
+appearance of having been ironed, which is so frequently seen in the
+hunting-field, because gentlemen who are valeted on returning from
+their sport care nothing about the management of their gear, but leave
+it all to the valet, who gives the hat the necessary washing, but is
+too lazy or too careless to brush it next day, and his master takes it
+from his hand and puts it on without ever noticing its unsightliness.
+Sometimes it is the master himself whose clumsy handiwork is to blame;
+but be it master or servant, the result is too often the same.
+
+Should your gloves be thoroughly, or even slightly wetted, stretch them
+upon a pair of wooden hands kept for the purpose, and if they are the
+kind which I have recommended to you--I mean the best quality of
+double-stitched cream leather--they will be little the worse.
+
+Having now, I think, exhausted the subject of your clothing, and given
+you all the friendly hints in my power, I am ready to accompany you
+upon your first road ride.
+
+Go out with every confidence, accompanied of course by a companion or
+attendant, and make up your mind never to be caught napping, but to be
+ever on the alert. You must not lose sight of the fact that a bird
+flitting suddenly across, a donkey's head laid without warning against
+a gate, a goat's horns appearing over a wall, or even a piece of paper
+blown along upon the ground, may cause your horse to shy, and if you
+are not sitting close at the time, woe betide you! Always remember the
+rule of the road, keep to your left-hand side, and if you have to pass
+a vehicle going your way, do so on the right of it. Never neglect this
+axiom, no matter how lonely and deserted the highway may appear, for
+recollect that if you fail to comply with it, and that any accident
+chances to occur, you will get all the blame, and receive no
+compensation.
+
+Never trot your horse upon a hard road when you have a bit of grass at
+the side on which you can canter him. Even if there are only a few
+blades it will be sufficient to take the jar off his feet.
+
+If you meet with a hill or high bridge, trot him up and walk him
+quietly down the other side. If going down a steep decline, sit well
+back and leave him his head, at the same time keeping a watchful hand
+upon the rein for fear he should chance to make a false step, that you
+may be able to pull him up; but do not hold him tightly in, as many
+timid riders are apt to do, thus hobbling his movements and preventing
+him seeing where he is to put his feet. If he has to clamber a steep
+hill with you, leave him unlimited head-room, for it is a great ease to
+a horse to be able to stretch his neck, instead of being held tightly
+in by nervous hands, which is frequently the occasion of his stumbling.
+
+Should your horse show temper and attempt to back with you, leave him
+the rein, touch him lightly with your heel, and speak encouragingly to
+him; should he persist, your attendant must look to the matter; but a
+horse who possesses this dangerous vice should never be ridden by a
+lady. I have surmised that yours has been properly trained, and
+doubtless you might ride for the greater portion of a lifetime without
+having to encounter a decided jibber, but it is as well to be prepared
+for all emergencies. Should a horse at any time rear with you, throw
+the rein loose, sit close, and bring your whip sharply across his
+flank. If this is not effectual, you may give him the butt-end of it
+between the ears, which will be pretty sure to bring him down. This is
+a point, however, upon which I write with considerable reserve, for
+many really excellent riders find fault with the theory set forth and
+adopted by me. One old sportsman in particular shows practically how
+seriously he objects to it by suffering himself to be tumbled back upon
+almost daily by a vicious animal, in preference to adopting coercive
+measures for his own safety.
+
+My reasons for striking a rearing horse are set forth with tolerable
+clearness in one of the letters which form an appendix to this volume;
+but, although I do it myself, I do not undertake the responsibility of
+advising others to do likewise, especially if a nervous timidity form a
+portion of their nature. I am strongly of opinion, however, that
+decisive measures are at times an absolute necessity, and that the most
+effectual remedy for an evil is invariably the best to adopt. I have
+heard it said by two very eminent horsemen that to break a bottle of
+water between the ears of a rearing animal is an excellent and
+effectual cure. Perhaps it may be--and, on such authority, we must
+suppose that it is--but I should not care to be the one to try it,
+although I consider no preventive measure too strong to adopt when
+dealing with so dangerous a vice. A horse may be guilty of jibbing,
+bolting, kicking, or almost any other fault, through nervousness or
+timidity, but rearing is a vicious trick, and must be treated with
+prompt determination. It would be useless to speak encouragingly to a
+rearer; he is vexing you from vice, not from nervousness, and so he
+needs no reassurance--do not waste words upon him, but bring him to his
+senses with promptitude, or whilst you are dallying he may tumble back
+upon you, and put remonstrance out of your power for some time to come,
+if not for ever. In striking him, if you do so, do not indulge in the
+belief that you are safe because he drops quickly upon his fore-legs,
+but on the contrary, be fully prepared for the kick or buck which will
+be pretty sure to follow, and which (unless watched for) will be likely
+to unseat even a most skilful rider. Both rearing and plunging may,
+however, be effectually prevented by using the circular bit and
+martingale, procurable at Messrs. Davis, saddlers, 14, Strand, London.
+This admirable contrivance should be fitted above the mouthpiece of an
+ordinary snaffle or Pelham bridle. It is infinitely before any other
+which I have seen used for the same purpose, has quite a separate
+headstall, and should be put on and arranged before the addition of the
+customary bridle. Being secured to the breastplate by a standing
+martingale, it requires no reins.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER V.
+
+RUNNING AWAY.--THREE DANGEROUS ADVENTURES.--HOW TO ACT WHEN PLACED
+IN CIRCUMSTANCES OF PERIL.--HOW TO RIDE A PULLER.--THROUGH THE
+CITY.--TO A MEET OF HOUNDS.--BOASTFUL LADIES.--A BRAGGART'S RESOURCE.
+
+
+In the event of a horse running away, you must of course be guided by
+circumstances and surroundings, but my advice always is, if you have a
+fair road before you, let him go. Do not attempt to hold him in, for
+the support which you afford him with the bridle only helps the
+mischief. Leave his head quite loose, and when you feel him beginning
+to tire--which he will soon do without the support of the rein--flog
+him until he is ready to stand still. I warrant that a horse treated
+thus, especially if you can breast him up hill, will rarely run away a
+second time. He never forgets his punishment, nor seeks to put himself
+in for a repetition of it.
+
+I have been run away with three times in my life, but never a second
+time by the same horse. It may amuse you to hear how I escaped upon
+each occasion.
+
+The first time, I was riding a beautiful little thoroughbred mare,
+which a dear lady friend--now, alas! dead--had asked me to try for her.
+The mare had been a flat-racer, and, having broken down in one of her
+trials, had been purchased at a cheap rate, being still possessed of
+beauty and a considerable turn of speed.
+
+Well, we got on splendidly together for an hour or so on the fifteen
+acres, Phoenix Park, but, when returning homewards, some boys who
+were playing close by struck her with a ball on the leg. In a second
+she was off like the wind, tearing down the long road which leads from
+the Phoenix to the gates. She had the bit between her teeth, and held
+it like a vice. My only fear was lest she should lose her footing and
+fall, for the roadway was covered from edge to edge with new shingle.
+On she went in her mad career, amidst the shrieks of thousands, for the
+day was Easter Monday, and the park was crowded. Soldiers, civilians,
+lines of policemen strove to form a barrier for her arrest. In vain!
+She knocked down some, fled past others, and continued her headlong
+course.
+
+All this time I was sitting as if glued to my saddle. At the mare's
+first starting I had endeavoured to pull her up, but finding that this
+was hopeless, I left the rein loose upon her neck. Having then no
+support for her head, she soon tired, and the instant I felt her speed
+relaxing I took up my whip and punished her within an inch of her life.
+I _made_ her go when she wanted to stop, and only suffered her to
+pull up just within the gates, where she stood covered with foam and
+trembling in every limb.
+
+Her owner subsequently told me that during the three years which she
+afterwards kept her she never rode so biddable a mare.
+
+I must not forget to mention the comic side of the adventure as well as
+the more serious. It struck me as being particularly ludicrous upon
+that memorable occasion that an old gentleman, crimson with wrath,
+actually attacked my servant in the most irate manner because he had
+not clattered after me during the progress of the mare's wild career.
+"How dare you, sir," cried this irascible old gentleman, "how dare you
+attempt to neglect your young lady in this cowardly manner?" Nor was
+his anger at all appeased when informed that I as a matron was my own
+care-taker, and that my attendant had strict injunctions _not_ to
+follow me in the event of my horse being startled or running away.
+
+My next adventure was much more serious, and occurred also within the
+gates of the Phoenix Park.
+
+Some troops were going through a variety of manoeuvres preparing for
+a field-day, and a knot of them had been posted behind and around a
+large tree with fixed bayonets in their hands. Suddenly they got the
+order to move, and at the same instant the sun shone out and glinted
+brilliantly upon the glittering steel. I was riding a horse which had
+lately been given me; a fine, raking chestnut, with a temper of his own
+to manage. He turned like a shot, and sped away at untold speed. I had
+no open space before me; therefore I durst not let him go. It was an
+enclosed portion of the park, thickly studded with knots of trees, and
+I knew that if he bore me through one of these my earthly career would
+most probably be ended. I strove with all the strength and all the art
+which I possessed to pull him up. It was of no use. I might as well
+have been pulling at an oak-tree; it only made him go the faster.
+
+Happily my presence of mind remained. I saw at once that my only chance
+was to breast him against the rails of the cricket-ground, and for
+these I made straight, prepared for the shock and for the turn over
+which I knew must inevitably follow. He dashed up to the rails, and
+when within a couple of inches of them he swerved with an awful
+suddenness, which, only that I was accustomed to ride from balance,
+must have at once unseated me, and darted away at greater speed than
+ever. Right before me was a tree, one heavy bough of which hung very
+low--and straight for this he made, nor could I turn his course. I knew
+my fate, and bent on a level with my saddle, but not low enough, for
+the branch caught me in the forehead and sent me reeling senseless to
+the ground.
+
+I soon got over the shock, although my arm (which was badly torn by a
+projecting branch) gave me some trouble after; but the bough was cut
+down the next day by order of the Lord Lieutenant, and the park-rangers
+still point out the spot as the place where "the lady was nearly
+killed."
+
+My third runaway was a hunting adventure, and occurred only a few
+months since.
+
+I had a letter one morning from an old friend, informing me that a
+drag-hunt was to take place about thirty miles from Dublin to finish
+the season with the county harriers, and that he, my friend, wished
+very much that I would come down in my habit by the mid-day train and
+ride a big bay horse of his, respecting which he was desirous of
+obtaining my opinion. I never take long to make up my mind, so, after a
+glance at my tablets, which showed me that I was free for the day, I
+donned my habit, and caught the specified train.
+
+At the station at the end of my journey I found the big bay saddled and
+awaiting me, and having mounted him I set off for the kennels, from a
+field near which the drag was to be run. I took the huntsman for a
+pilot, knowing that the servant, who was my attendant, was rather a
+duffer at the chase.
+
+The instant that the hounds were laid on and the hunt started, my big
+mount commenced to pull hard, and by the time the first fence was
+reached his superior strength had completely mastered mine. He was
+pulling like a steam-engine, head down, ears laid backward, neck set
+like iron. My blistered hands were powerless to hold him. He rushed
+wildly at the fence, and striking the horse of a lady who was just
+landing over it, turned him and his rider a complete somersault! I
+subsequently learned that the lady escaped unhurt, but I could not at
+the moment pause to inquire, for my huge mount, clearing the jump and
+ten feet beyond it, completely took head, and bore me away from the
+field
+
+    Over park, over pale,
+    Through bush, through briar,
+
+until my head fairly reeled, and I felt that some terrible calamity
+must ensue.
+
+Happily he was a glorious fencer, or I must have perished, for he
+jumped every obstacle with a rush; staked fences, wide ditches--so wide
+that he landed over them on his belly--tangled gorse, and branches of
+rivers swollen by recent rains; he flew them all. At length, when my
+strength was quite exhausted and my dizzy brain utterly powerless and
+confused, I beheld before me a stone wall, a high one, with heavy
+coping-stones upon the top. At this I resolved to breast him, and run
+my chance for life or death in the turn over, which, from the pace at
+which we were approaching it, I knew must be a mighty one. In a moment
+we were up to it and, with a cry to heaven for mercy, I dug him with my
+spur and sent him at it. To my utter astonishment, for the wall was six
+and a half feet high, he put down his head, rushed at it, cleared it
+without ever laying a shoe upon the topmost stones, and landed with a
+frightful slip and clatter, but still safely on his feet--where? in the
+midst of a farm-yard.
+
+Were it not that this adventure actually occurred to myself, I should
+be strongly tempted to question its authenticity. That there are
+horses--especially Irish ones--quite capable of compassing such a jump,
+there cannot be the slightest doubt; but I have never before or since
+seen one who could do it without being steadied as he approached the
+obstacle. In the ordinary course of events a runaway steed would strike
+it with his head and turn over,--which was what I expected and
+desired--but no such thing occurred, and to the latest hour of my life
+it must remain a mystery to me that upon the momentous occasion in
+question neither horse nor rider was injured, nor did any accident
+ensue. Nothing more disastrous than a considerable disturbance in the
+farm-yard actually occurred; but it was indeed a mighty one.
+
+Such a commotion amongst fowls was surely never witnessed; the ducks
+quacked, the turkeys screeched, the hens ran hither and thither; two
+pigs, eating from a trough close by, set up a most terrific squalling,
+dogs barked, and two or three women, who were spreading clothes upon a
+line, added to the general confusion by flinging down the garments
+with which they had been busy and taking to their heels, shrieking
+vociferously. In the meantime the big bay, perceiving that he had run
+to the end of his tether, stood snorting and foaming, looking hither
+and thither in helpless amazement and dismay; whilst I, relieved at
+length of my anxiety, burst first into tears, and then into shouts of
+hearty laughter, as I fully took in the absurdity of the situation.
+
+After a considerable delay one of the women was induced to come forward
+and listen to a recital of my adventure; and the others, being assured
+that "the baste" would not actually devour them, came near me also, and
+we held an amicable council as to the possibility of my ever getting
+out, for the gates were locked, and the owner of the property was away
+at a fair in the neighbouring town and had the key stowed away in his
+pocket. To jump the wall again was impracticable. No horse that ever
+was foaled could do it in cool blood; nor was I willing to risk the
+experiment, even if my steed made no objection.
+
+At length we decided upon the only plan. I dismounted, and, taking the
+rein over my arm, led my mighty hunter across the yard, induced him to
+stoop his head to enter by a back door through a passage in the
+farmhouse, and from thence through the kitchen and front door, out on
+to the road. I have a cheerful recollection of an old woman, who was
+knitting in the chimney-corner, going off into screams and hysterics as
+I and my big steed walked in upon her solitude, a loose shoe and a very
+audible blowing making the entrance of my equine companion even more
+_prononce_ than it would otherwise have been. The poor old
+creature flung down her needles, together with the cat which had been
+quietly reposing in her lap, and kicking up her feet yelled and
+bellowed at the top of a very discordant voice. It took the combined
+efforts of all four women to pacify her, and she was still shrieking
+long after I had mounted the big bay and ridden him back to inform his
+owner of how charmingly he had behaved.
+
+I have now told you three anecdotes, partly for your amusement and
+partly for your instruction; but I would not have you think that it
+would be at all times and under all circumstances a wise thing to ride
+a runaway horse against so formidable an obstacle as a stone wall. Mine
+was, I hope, an exceptional case. When the animal was led down to meet
+me at the station, I saw, not without misgiving, that I was destined to
+ride in a so-called "safety-stirrup," and at the time when he took head
+with me my foot was fixed as in a vice in this dangerous and horrible
+trap, from which I could not succeed in releasing it. Feeling that my
+brain was whirling, and that I could not longer maintain my seat in the
+saddle, I rode for an overthrow, which I deemed infinitely better than
+being dragged by the foot over an intricate country, and most probably
+having my brains scattered by a pair of crashing heels. If a horse
+should at any time run away with you, keep your seat whilst you
+_can_ do so, and whilst you have anything of a fair road before
+you; but if there is any danger of your being thrown or losing your
+seat whilst your foot is caught, then by all means ride for a fall; put
+your horse at something that will bring him down, and when he _is_
+down struggle on to his head, that he may not rise until somebody has
+come to your assistance. Of course the experiment is fraught with
+excessive danger, but it is not _certain_ death, as the other
+alternative must undoubtedly be. I cannot, however, wish you better
+than to hope most fervently that you may never be placed in a position
+which would necessitate your making a choice between two such mighty
+evils. Avoid riding strange horses. No matter how accomplished a
+horsewoman you may become, do not be too ready to comply with the
+request to try this or that unknown mount. I have done it myself,
+often, and probably shall again;[1] but my experience prompts me to
+warn others against a practice which is frequently fraught with danger
+to a lady. A horse knows quite well when a strange or timid rider gets
+upon his back, and if he does not kill you outright, he will probably
+make such a "hare" of you as will not be at all agreeable, either for
+yourself or for the lookers-on.
+
+          [1] This was written previous to the accident which has
+          disabled me.
+
+Whenever you take a young horse upon grass, whether he be a stranger to
+you or otherwise, be prepared for a certain show of friskiness which he
+does not usually exhibit upon the road. The soft springy turf beneath
+his feet imbues him with feelings of hilarity which he finds himself
+powerless to resist, and so you, his rider, must prepare for his little
+vagaries. He will, most probably, in the first place try a succession
+of bucks, and for these you must prepare by sitting very close to your
+saddle, your knee well pressed against the leaping-head, and your
+figure erect, but not thrown back, as the shock, or shocks to your
+spine would in such a case be not only painful but positively
+dangerous, and should therefore be carefully avoided. He will next be
+likely to romp away, pulling you much harder than is at all agreeable,
+and seemingly inclined to take head with you altogether. As a remedy
+against this you must neither yield to him nor pull against him. I have
+heard fairly good riders advocate by turns both systems of management,
+especially the former; indeed, the expression, "Drop your hands to
+him," has become so general amongst teachers of the equestrian art,
+that it has almost passed into a proverb. I do not advocate it, nor do
+I deem it advisable ever to pull against a pulling horse. When an
+animal tries to forereach you, you should neither give up to him nor
+yet pull one ounce against him. Close your fingers firmly upon the
+reins and keep your arms perfectly motionless, your hands well down,
+without giving or taking one quarter of an inch. In a stride or two he
+will be sure to yield to your hand, at which moment you should
+immediately yield to him, and his wondrous powers of intelligence will
+soon enable him to discern that you are not to be trifled with. Were
+you to give up to him when he rushes away or romps with his head he
+would very soon be going all abroad, and would give you a vast amount
+of trouble to pull him into proper form. Above all things, keep clear
+of trees, of which I myself have an unbounded dread. Should you have
+occasion to ride through a city, give your eyes and attention to your
+horse, and not to passing acquaintances, for in the present dangerous
+tangle of tramlines, slippery pavements, and ill-driven vehicles, it
+will require all your energies to bring you safely through. Never trot
+your horse through a town or city: walk him quietly through such
+portion of it as you have to pass, and leave him abundant head-room,
+that his intelligence may pick out a way for his own steps.
+
+A very nice ride for a lady is to a meet of the hounds, if such should
+occur within reasonable distance, say from four to eight miles. The
+sight is a very pretty one, and there is not any reason why you should
+not thoroughly enjoy it; but having only ridden to see the meet, you
+must be careful not to interfere with, nor get in the way of those
+about to ride the run. Nothing is more charming than to see three or
+four ladies, nicely turned out, arrive to grace the meet with their
+presence, but nothing is more abominable than the same number of
+amazons coming galloping up in full hunting toggery, although without
+the least idea of hunting, and rushing hither and thither, frightening
+the hounds and getting in everybody's way, as though they were
+personages of the vastest possible importance, and meant to ride with a
+skill not second to that of the Nazares. Such women are the horror and
+spoliation of every hunting-field. They dash off with the hounds the
+moment the fox is found, but happily the first fence stops them, and a
+fervent thankfulness is felt by every true lover of the chase as they
+pause discomfited, look dismally at the yawning chasm, and jog
+crestfallen away to the road.
+
+There are many ladies, and estimable ladies, too, who take out their
+horses every hunting-day, and by keeping upon the roadways see all that
+they can of the hounds. Sometimes they are fortunate, sometimes not; it
+depends upon the line of country taken. Their position is, in my
+opinion, a most miserable one; yet they must derive enjoyment from it,
+else why do they come? They surely cannot imagine that they are
+participating in the hunt; yet it affords them amusement to keep
+pottering about, and enables them to make their little harmless boast
+to credulous friends of their "hunting days," and the "runs" they have
+seen throughout the season. Indeed, so far does this passion for
+boasting carry the fair sex, that I myself know two young ladies who
+never saw a hound in their lives, except from the inside of a shabby
+waggonette, yet who brag in so audacious a manner that they have been
+heard to declare to gentlemen at evening dances, "Really we cawn't
+dawnce; we are so tired! Out all day with the Wards--and had _such a
+clipping run_!"
+
+This sort of thing only makes us smile when we hear it amongst ladies,
+but when men resort to it we become inspired with sufficient contempt
+to feel a longing desire to offer them severer chastisement than our
+derision.
+
+I once asked a little mannikin, who had given himself the name and airs
+of a great rider, if he would be kind enough to pilot me over an
+intricate piece of country with which I was unacquainted. The creature
+pulled his little moustaches, and sniffed, and hemmed and hawed, and
+finally said, "Aw, I'm sure I should be delighted, but you see I ride
+_so deuced hard_, I should not expect a lady to be able to keep up
+with me." I said nothing, but acted as my own pilot, and took
+opportunity to watch my hard-riding friend during the course of the
+run. He positively never jumped a fence, but worked rampantly at locks
+of gates, and bribed country-folks to let him pass through. The last I
+saw of him he was whipping his horse over a narrow ditch, preparatory
+to scrambling it himself on foot.
+
+And this man was only one of many, for the really accomplished rider
+never boasts.
+
+
+
+
+PART III.
+
+HUNTING.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER VI.
+
+HUNTING-GEAR.--NECESSARY REGARD FOR SAFE SHOEING.--DRIVE TO THE
+MEET.--SCENE ON ARRIVING.--A WORD WITH THE HUNTSMAN.--A GOOD
+PILOT.--THE COVERT SIDE.--DISAPPOINTMENT.--A LONG TROT.
+
+
+Now that you are thoroughly at home on your saddle--in the park, on the
+road, and over the country--you are doubtless longing to display your
+prowess in the hunting-field, and thither we shall have much pleasure
+in accompanying you.
+
+Your outfit will be the first thing to consider; and do not be alarmed
+when I tell you that it will require a little more generosity on the
+part of papa than you have hitherto called upon him to exercise.
+
+To commence with your feet--which I know is contrary to custom--you
+will need two pairs of patent Wellington boots. These are three guineas
+per pair, but are a beautiful article, and will last a long time with
+care. Woollen stockings of light texture, with a pair of silk ones
+drawn over, are the most comfortable for winter wear. A small steel
+spur to affix to your left heel will be the next item required. The
+nicest kind are those with a strap attached, which crosses the instep,
+and buckles securely at the side. Of course, all ladies' spurs are
+spring ones, displaying no rowels which could tear the habit, but
+simply one steel projection with spring probe within, which, when
+pressed to the horse's side, acts most efficiently as an instigator.
+Latchford's patent is the best.
+
+Two pairs of chamois riding-trousers, cloth from the hip down, and
+buttoning quite close at the ankle to allow of the boot going over,
+will be the next necessary; and you must also provide yourself with two
+riding corsets of superior shape and make.
+
+Three habits of strong dark cloth, one of them thoroughly waterproof,
+will be required--the skirts to be made so short as barely to cover the
+foot, and so spare as to fit like glove, without fold or wrinkle. If a
+hunting-habit be properly cut it will require no shotting, which will
+be an advantage to your horse in diminishing the weight which he would
+otherwise have to carry. An elastic band nicely placed upon the inside
+in position to catch around the toe of the right foot will be
+sufficient to answer all purposes. You cannot do better, to procure an
+article such as I describe, than entrust your order to Wolmershausen
+(whom I believe I have already named in a former chapter), corner of
+Curzon Street, Mayfair, where you will not fail to find your
+instructions intelligently carried out. This firm has a speciality for
+skirt-cutting,--is, indeed, unapproachable in this particular branch,
+of what is in reality an ART; and even in these days of eager
+competition the old-established house suffers from no rivalry, and
+holds its own in the widely-contested field.
+
+A very neatly-made waterproof jacket will be an addition to your
+wardrobe, as also a cape with an elastic band from the back to fasten
+around the waist, and hold the front ends securely down. This latter is
+an almost indispensable article. It is so light that it can be carried
+with ease in your saddle-strap, and in case of an unexpected shower can
+be adjusted in a single instant and without assistance, which is not
+the case with a jacket. It should be made with a collar, which can be
+arranged to stand up close around the neck, and thus prevent the
+possibility of damp or wet causing you cold or inconvenience. I approve
+of the jacket for decidedly wet days, when it should be donned on going
+out, but for a showery day the cape is preferable, as it can be much
+more easily taken off and again put on.
+
+Two silk hats, with the addition of a melon-shape if you desire it--a
+long-lashed hunting-whip, and a plentiful supply of collars, cuffs,
+gloves, veils, and handkerchiefs, will complete your outfit. I, hunting
+four days a week, find the above quite sufficient, and if you care your
+things (having got them in the first instance of the best quality) it
+is surprising how long they may be made to serve. I have told you
+_how_ to take care of them, but believe me, if you leave the task
+to servants the end will prove disappointing. You will never be
+one-half so well turned out, and your outlay will be continual.
+
+It is an excellent precaution for a hunting-day, to look the previous
+morning at your horse's shoes; and do this yourself, for it not
+unfrequently happens that a careless groom will suffer him to go out
+with a loose shoe which gradually becomes looser, and finally drops
+off, perhaps in the middle of an exciting run, and obliges you to leave
+your place with the hounds and seek the nearest forge. All this sort of
+thing could, in nine cases out of ten, be obviated by a little care and
+forethought, but the majority of riders are too grand, or too careless,
+or too absurdly squeamish about the "propriety" of entering a stable,
+and not unfrequently too ignorant of things they ought to know, to see
+to such matters themselves, and so they are passed over and neglected.
+A groom is too often utterly careless. He is bound to send your horse
+from the yard looking shiny, and sleek, and clean. Any deviation from
+this would at once attract your attention, and arouse your displeasure.
+The groom knows this, and acts accordingly; but he also knows what you
+do not--that one of the shoes is three-parts loose; it will probably
+hold very well until you begin to go, and then it will drop off and
+leave you in a fix, perhaps miles away from a village where the damage
+could be repaired. The groom knew all about it, very likely, the day
+before, but he saw that you were not troubling yourself, and why should
+he? You never made any inquiry about such matters, nor seemed to
+interest yourself in them, and why should he be troubled concerning
+them? A loose shoe is nothing to him: it does not cause _him_ any
+inconvenience, not it; then why worry himself? He does not want to
+bring the horse down to the forge through mud and rain, and stand there
+awaiting the smith's convenience; not a bit of it. He is much more
+comfortable lolling against the stable-door and smoking a pipe with
+Tom, Dick, or Harry.
+
+It frequently occurs in the hunting-field that a horse loses a shoe in
+going through heavy ground, or in jumping a fence where he brings his
+hind feet too close upon the front ones, and, catching the toe of the
+hind shoe in the heel of the front, drags the latter forcibly off, and
+leaves it either on the ground behind him or carries it for a field or
+two hanging by one or two nails to his hoof, before it finally drops
+off.
+
+The moment you are made aware that your horse has cast a shoe, which
+will generally be by somebody informing you of the fact, ascertain at
+once which of the animal's feet has been left unprotected. If the lost
+shoe happens to be a hinder one, the matter is less serious, but if a
+front one should be cast, do not lose any time in inquiring your road
+to the nearest smithy, and, whilst wending your way thither, be careful
+to keep as much as possible upon the grass by the roadside, that the
+shoeless foot may not become worn, nor suffer from concussion by coming
+in contact with the hard road.
+
+It is a good plan to send your horse early to the meet: quite in the
+morning; or, should the distance be a long one, despatch him the
+previous evening in charge of a careful servant, and stable him for the
+night as near as possible to the point at which you may require him
+upon the following day. If you are fortunate enough to have a friend's
+house to send him to, so much the better a great deal; but under any
+circumstances it is pleasanter both for you and your animal that he
+should be fresh and lively from his stable, and not that you should get
+upon him when he is half-jaded and covered with mud, after a long and
+tiresome road journey.
+
+To drive to the meet or go by train yourself is the most agreeable way.
+Some ladies ride hacks to covert, and then have their hunters to
+replace them, but this is tiresome, and not to be advocated for various
+reasons. If the morning is fine the drive will be pleasant, and you can
+then send your conveyance to whatever point you deem it most likely the
+hunt will leave off. You must, of course, exercise your judgment in the
+endeavour to decide this, but you may assist it considerably by asking
+the Master or the huntsman to be kind enough to give you a hint as to
+the direction in which they will most probably draw.
+
+We will, then, surmise that you drive to the meet. It is an excellent
+plan, whether you drive or go by train, to take with you a small bag
+containing a change of clothing; leave this in charge of your servant,
+with directions where he is to meet you in the evening, and then,
+should you come to grief in a dyke or river you can console yourself
+with the knowledge that dry garments are awaiting you, and that you
+will not have to encounter the risk of cold and rheumatism by sitting
+in drenched habiliments in a train or vehicle. You will also, if wise,
+take with you a foot-pick and a few yards of strong twine. Even if you
+should not require them yourself you may be able to oblige others,
+which is always a pleasure to a right-minded and unselfish huntress.
+Take, likewise, a few shillings in your pocket to reward, if necessary,
+the wreckers, whose tasks are at all times difficult and laborious, and
+too often thankless.
+
+Arrived at the meet, your horse and servant are waiting for you in good
+time and order; but it is a little early yet, and so you look about
+you.
+
+What a pretty sight it is! How full of healthful interest and charming
+variety! The day is bright and breezy--a little bit cloudy, perhaps,
+but no sign of rain. A glorious hunting morning altogether. Numbers of
+vehicles are drawn up, filled with happy-looking occupants, mostly
+ladies and children. There are a good many dog-carts, polo-carts, and a
+few tandems, from which gentlemen in ulsters and long white
+saving-aprons are preparing to alight. It is nice to see their steeds,
+so beautifully groomed and turned out, led up to the trap-wheels for
+them to mount, without the risk of soiling their boots. Very particular
+are these gentlemen. The day is muddy, and they know they must be
+splashed and spattered as they ride to the covert-side, but they will
+not leave the meet with a speck upon horse or rider. There is a
+military-looking man--long, tawny moustache, and most perfect
+get-up--divesting himself of his apron, and frowning because his
+snow-white breeches are disfigured by just one speck of dirt; probably
+it would be unobservable to anybody but himself, yet he is not the less
+annoyed. A dapper little gentleman, in drab shorts and gaiters, is
+covertly combing his horse's mane; and a hoary old fox-hunter, who has
+just mounted, has drawn over close to the hedge, and extends first one
+foot and then the other for his servant to remove the blemishes which
+mounting has put upon his boots. This extreme fastidiousness is carried
+by some to an absurd excess. I remember upon one occasion seeing a
+gentleman actually re-enter his dog-cart and drive sulkily away from
+the meet because he considered himself too much splashed to join the
+cavalcade which was moving away to the covert, although he was fully
+aware that a trot of a few hundred yards upon the muddy road in company
+with numerous other horses would, under any circumstances, have
+speedily reduced him to the condition which he was then lamenting.
+
+A few ladies come upon the scene, and many more gentlemen; and then
+comes the huntsman in proud charge of the beauties. The whips and
+second horsemen come also, and the Master drives up about the same
+time, and loses not a moment in mounting his hunter. The pack looks
+superb, and many are the glances and words of commendation which it
+receives.
+
+Always have a smile and pleasant word for the huntsman and whips. They
+deserve it, and they value it. I always make it a point to have a
+little conversation with them before we leave the meet--in fact, I know
+many of the hounds in the various packs by name, and I love to notice
+them. Nothing pleases the huntsman more than to commend his charge: it
+makes him your friend at once. Many a time when I have been holding
+good place in a run, we have come across some dangerous fence which it
+would be death to ride in a crowd, and the huntsman's shout of "Let the
+lady first!" has secured me a safe jump, and a maintenance of my
+foremost position.
+
+All being now ready, you mount your horse. It would be well if some
+gentleman friend or relative would look first to his girths, &c.; but,
+should such not be available, do not be above doing it yourself.
+Servants, even the best, are, as aforesaid, often careless, and a horse
+may be sent out with girths too loose, throat-lash too tight, runners
+out, or any of the thousand and one little deficiencies which an
+interested and careful eye will at once detect.
+
+Of course you have not come to hunt without having secured a good
+pilot. You have, I hope, selected somebody who rides well and
+straight--boldly, and yet with judgment--for, believe me, a display of
+silly recklessness does not constitute good riding, however it may be
+thought to do so by ignorant or silly persons. Your pilot will ride a
+few yards in advance of you, and it will be your duty to keep him well
+in view, and not to get separated from him. This latter you may at
+times find difficult, as others may ride in between, but you must learn
+smartness, and be prepared for all emergencies. Moreover, if your pilot
+be a good one, he will see that you keep close to him, and, by glancing
+over his shoulder after clearing each obstacle, will satisfy himself
+that you also are safely over, and that no mischance has befallen you.
+Any man who will not take this trouble is unfit to pilot a lady, for
+whilst he is careering onward in all the glories of perfect safety, she
+may be down in some ugly dyke, perhaps ridden on, or otherwise hurt;
+and, therefore, it is his bounden duty to see that no evil befals her.
+I cannot say that I consider the position of a trusty pilot at all an
+enviable one, and few men care to occupy it in relation to a beginner
+or timorous rider, although they are ever anxious to place their
+services at the disposal of a lady who is known to "go straight."
+
+In selecting a pilot, do so with judgment. Choose one who knows the
+country, and who will not be too selfish nor too grand to take care of
+you; for, remember, you are only a beginner, and will need to be taken
+care of. If, then, you have secured the right sort of man, and your own
+heart is in the right place, you may prepare to enjoy yourself, for a
+real good day's hunting is the keenest enjoyment in which man or woman
+can hope to participate in this life.
+
+The trot to the covert-side is usually very pleasant. You and your
+horse are quite fresh. You meet and chat with your friends. The two,
+three, or four miles, as the case may be, seem to glide away very fast.
+Then comes the anxious moment when the beauties are thrown in, and
+all wait in eager suspense for the whimper which shall proclaim Reynard
+at home. But not a hound gives tongue this morning. You can see
+them--heads down, sterns up, beating here and there through the
+gorse--but, alas! in silence; and, after a while, someone says, "No fox
+here!" and presently your ear catches the sound of the huntsman's horn,
+and the hounds come trooping out, almost as disappointed as the field.
+
+Then the master gives the order for the next or nearest covert, and
+there is a rush, and a move, and a long cavalcade forms upon the road,
+headed, of course, by the hounds. Get well in front, if you can, so as
+to be quite up when they reach their next try, for sometimes they find
+as soon as ever they are thrown in, and are far away over the country
+before the stragglers come up, and great, then, are the lamentations,
+for hunting a stern-chase is, to say the least of it, not cheerful. You
+will have another advantage, also, in being well forward, for your
+horse will get the benefit of a temporary rest, whilst those who, by
+lagging, have lost time at the start, are obliged to follow as best
+they can upon the track, bucketing their horses, and thus depriving
+them of the chance of catching their wind--which is, in a lengthened
+run, of very material consequence.
+
+One especial difference you observe between road-riding and hunting:
+you are obliged to trot at a fast swinging pace such long tiresome
+distances from covert to covert, without pause or rest, and you feel
+already half tired out. Hitherto, when riding on the road, or in the
+park, if you felt fatigued you have only had to pull up and walk; but
+on hunting days there is no walking. The time is too precious, these
+short, dark, wintry days, to allow of such "sweet restings." The
+evening closes in so rapidly that we cannot afford to lose a moment of
+our time, and so we go along at a sweeping pace. Nobody who is unable
+to trot long distances without rest has any business hunting.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER VII.
+
+HOUNDS IN COVERT.--THE FIRST FENCE.--FOLLOW YOUR PILOT.--A RIVER-BATH.
+--A WISE PRECAUTION.--A LABEL ADVISABLE.--WALL AND WATER JUMPING.
+--ADVICE TO FALLEN RIDERS.--HOGGING.--MORE TAIL.
+
+
+You have now arrived at the next covert, and have seen the hounds
+thrown in. In an instant there is a whimper, taken up presently by one
+and another, until the air rings with the joyous music of the entire
+pack, as they rattle their game about, endeavouring to force him to
+face the open. The whips are standing warily on the watch, the
+huntsman's cheery voice is heard encouraging the hounds, the Master is
+galloping from point to point, warning off idlers whose uninvited
+presence would be sure to send the "varmint" back into his lair. Your
+pilot, knowing that a run from here is a certainty, selects his vantage
+ground. Being a shrewd man, he knows that no fox will face a keen
+nor'-easter, nor will he be likely to brave the crowd of country
+bumpkins, who, despite the Master's entreaties, are clustering about
+yonder hedge. In short, there is only one point from which he
+_can_ well break, and so your pilot prepares accordingly.
+
+Another anxious moment ere the "Gone away! Tally-ho!" rings out upon
+the keen air; and then follows that glorious burst which is worth
+giving up a whole year of one's life to see. Hounds running breast
+high, fairly flying, in fact; huntsmen, whips, horsemen, all in
+magnificent flight, each riding hard for the foremost place, amid such
+a chorus of delicious music as is never heard from any save canine
+throats; and then, when the first big fence is reached, such hurry and
+scurry! such tumbling and picking up again! such scrambling of dogs and
+shouting of men! such cold baths for horses and riders! and oh, such
+glory amongst the wreckers, as they stand tantalizingly at the edge of
+the chasm in which so many are hopelessly struggling, whilst their
+audacious cries of "What'll you give me, sir?" "Pull you out for a
+sovereign, captain!" are heard and laughed at by the fortunate ones who
+are safe upon the other side.
+
+Your pilot has been a wise man. He selected his starting-point at the
+sound of the very first opening out, and when the general scrimmage
+took place he had his line chosen, and so has led you wide of the ruck,
+yet in the wake of the hounds.
+
+And here suffer me to advise you, if you should ever chance to be left
+without a leader, do not fall into the mistake of following the others,
+for my experience of hunting is that nine-tenths of those out do not
+know _where_ they are going, nor where fox or hounds have gone
+before them. Cut out a line for yourself, and follow the pack. A pilot
+is, of course, a great acquisition, if he be a _good_ one, but
+throughout some of my best runs I have performed the office for myself,
+and have succeeded in being in at the death. But then I am not a
+beginner, and I am surmising that _you_ are. Keep about six yards
+behind your leader; follow him unswervingly, and jump after him, but
+not on him. Always wait till he is well out of the way before you take
+the fence in his wake. Your horse will jump more readily having the
+example of his before him, but I cannot too well impress upon you the
+necessity of allowing him to get well over before you attempt to
+follow. One of the ugliest falls I ever got in my life was through
+riding too close upon my leader. The run was a very hot one, and only
+four of us were going at the time. None, in fact, but those who had
+first-rate horses had been able to live through it. We came to a wide
+branch of a river, swollen by recent rains. My pilot, going a rare
+pace, jumped it safely; I came too fast upon him. My horse's nose
+struck his animal's quarters, which, of course, threw my gallant little
+mount off his balance, and prevented his landing. He staggered and fell
+back, and we both got a drowning! I was dragged up with a boat-hook,
+the horse swam on until he found a place to scramble up the bank, and
+then galloped off over the country. I recollect standing dismally by
+that river, my pilot and two wreckers scraping the mud from me, and
+wringing my drenched garments, whilst two or three more were scouring
+the adjacent lands in search of my truant steed. When, at length, he
+was caught, I had eleven miles to ride to the place at which I had left
+my trap, and was obliged on arriving to change every atom of my
+clothing, and wash off the superabundant mud in a horse-bucket, kindly
+lent for the occasion.
+
+The fall involved the loss of the run, the loss of a habit, the loss of
+many odd shillings to wreckers, the loss of my temper, a wound from the
+boat-hook, and a heavy cold, the result of immersion on a perishing
+winter day. All these disasters were the punishments consequent upon my
+impetuosity in coming too close upon my leader; therefore, having thus
+myself suffered, I warn you, from woful experience, never to tread upon
+the horse jumping in advance of you. Allowing, even, that you do not
+cannon against him, there is another casualty which may not improbably
+occur. Supposing that he falls and throws his rider, your horse may in
+alighting just chance to plant a foot upon the empty saddle of the
+prostrate animal, the slippery nature of which throws him off his
+balance, and you and he roll upon the earth together--perhaps receiving
+a kick from your pilot's struggling mount. From this species of
+accident many evils have from time to time arisen, and therefore I
+dutifully endeavour to put you well upon your guard. I would also again
+remind you that if you really mean to ride an intricate country, you
+should never under any circumstances neglect to bring a change of
+clothing, for you may at any moment be dyked, and to remain in wet
+garments is highly dangerous,--not so long as you are exercising, but
+during the journey to your home. It is not in the saddle, but in
+vehicles and railway carriages that colds are contracted and the seeds
+of disease are sown. It may not be out of place here to offer you a
+piece of wholesome advice. Should you at any time have the ill-fortune
+to be riding a kicking horse in the midst of a crowd, always put back
+your hand when the cavalcade pauses, to warn those behind not to come
+too close to the heels of your unquiet steed. By so doing you may save
+an accident, and may, moreover, guard yourself from more than one
+anathema. I once saw the horse of a fiery old General kicked by the
+mount of a young nobleman, who thought it not worth his while to offer
+an apology. "See here, young man," said the irate officer, riding up to
+the offender's side, "whenever you come out to hunt on brutes like that
+you should paste a danger-card upon your back, and not run the risk of
+breaking valuable bones. I have said my say," he added, "and now _you
+may go to the devil_!"
+
+A few hints next as to jumping.
+
+If, in the course of a run, you meet with stone walls, do not ride too
+fast at them. Always steady your horse at such obstacles, and follow my
+oft-repeated advice of leaving him abundant head-room. If you have to
+cross a river or very wide ditch, come fast at it, in order that the
+impetus may swing you safely over; few horses can cross a wide jump
+without having what is called a "run at it." Never expect your animal
+to take such obstacles at a stand, or under the disadvantages
+consequent upon coming at them at a slow pace. Should the leap be a
+river or wide water-jump, suffer your horse to _stretch forward his
+head and neck_ when coming up to it. If you fail to do so, you will
+most probably go in, for an animal who accomplishes his work requires
+his liberty as an absolute necessity, and, if denied it, will teach
+you, at the cost of a good wetting, to treat him next time with greater
+consideration. You will frequently see men ride pretty boldly up to
+some yawning chasm or ugly bullfinch--stop and look at it, hesitate an
+instant, and then, by cruel spurring, urge an exhausted animal to take
+it at a stand. This is truly bad horsemanship, and leads to many
+direful results. A good rider will, on perceiving that the obstacle is
+a formidable one, turn his horse round, take him some little distance
+from it, and then, again turning, come fast at it--quick gallop, hands
+down, horse's head held straight and well in hand, but without any
+pulling or nervous reining in. Such a one will be pretty sure to get
+safely over.
+
+Should your horse, in jumping a fence, land badly, and slip his hind
+legs into a gripe or ditch, do not wait more than an instant to see if
+he can recover himself; you will know in that time whether he will be
+likely to do so. The best advice I can give you is to kick your foot
+free of the stirrup and jump off before he goes back. You will thus
+keep your own skin dry; and, if you have been fortunate enough to
+retain a light hold of the rein, you can rescue your horse without much
+difficulty; for an animal, when immersed, makes such intelligent
+efforts to release himself, that a very trifling assistance upon your
+part will enable him to struggle safely to your side, when you can
+remount him and try your chances of again picking up the hounds. Be
+cautious, however, in pulling him up, that you do so over smooth
+ground. I had a valuable young horse badly staked last season through
+being dragged up over a clump of brushwood after a fall into the Lara
+river.
+
+Should your steed peck on landing over a fence you will be pretty
+certain to come over his head, for this is an ugly accident, and one
+very likely to occur over recently-scoured drains. You _may_,
+however, save both yourself and him, if you are _smart_ in using
+your hands in assisting him to recover his lost equilibrium.
+
+In the event of your horse jumping short with you, either from having
+taken off too soon or from any other cause, and falling upon you into a
+gripe, you may (when you gain a little experience) be able to stick to
+him without leaving the saddle. The first effort a fallen animal makes
+is to try to get up; therefore, if you are not quite thrown, hold on to
+his mane, and as he struggles to right himself make your effort to
+regain your seat. Be guided, however, in doing this by observing with a
+quick glance whether there are thorns or brambles overgrowing the
+place, for if there are, and your horse on recovering himself strides
+onward in the ditch, seeking a place at which he may get out, your face
+will undoubtedly suffer. This sort of thing once occurred to me in the
+course of a day's hunting. I held on to my animal when he fell, and
+regained my seat without very much difficulty, but before I could
+recover my hold of the bridle he had rushed forward, and my face was
+terribly punished by the overhanging brambles.
+
+Be very careful, in this matter of holding on to a fallen animal, not
+to confound the mane with the rein. By clinging to the former you
+assist yourself without in the smallest degree impeding the movements
+of your horse; by clinging to the latter you seriously interfere with
+his efforts at recovery, and most probably pull him back upon you.
+
+And this brings me to the subject of hogging horses' manes. Never,
+under any circumstances, allow an animal of yours to be thus
+maltreated. Not only is it a vile disfigurement, depriving the horse of
+Nature's loveliest ornament, but it also deprives the rider of a very
+chief means of support in case of accident. Many a bad fall have I been
+saved by clutching firmly at the mane, which an ignorant groom had oft
+implored me to sacrifice; and many a good man and true have I seen
+recover himself by a like action, when a hog-maned animal would
+undoubtedly have brought him to grief. Grooms are especially fond of
+this system of "hogging," and many a beauteous adjunct of Nature's
+forming has been ruthlessly sacrificed to their ceaseless importunities
+to be permitted to "smarten the baste." Tails, too, are remorselessly
+clocked by these gentlemen of the stable; not that they really think it
+an improvement, any more than they veritably admire the hogging
+process, but it saves them trouble, it lightens their labours, they
+have less combing and grooming to attend to. Tails were sent by Nature,
+not merely as an ornament, but to enable the animal to whisk away the
+flies, which in hot weather render its life a burthen. Man, the
+ruthless master, by a cruel process of cutting and searing, deprives
+his helpless slave of one of its most valued and most necessary
+possessions. I do not myself advocate long switch tails, which are
+rarely an ornament, being usually covered with mud; but I maintain that
+"docking" is cruel and unnecessary, keeping the hairs closely and
+evenly cut being quite sufficient for purposes of cleanliness, without
+in any way interfering with the flesh; therefore, do not reject my
+oft-repeated plea for "a little more tail."
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER VIII.
+
+HOLDING ON TO A PROSTRATE HORSE.--IS IT WISE OR OTHERWISE?--AN
+INDISCREET JUMP.--A DIFFICULT FINISH.--THE DANGERS OF MARSHY
+GROUNDS.--ENCOURAGE HUMANITY.--A RECLAIMED CABBY!
+
+
+To return to the subject of jumping.
+
+In the event of an ordinary fall in landing over a fence, it is a vexed
+question whether or not it is advisable to hold on by the rein whilst
+your horse is on the ground. I do not now mean when he is sunk in a
+ditch, but when he is prostrate upon even grass-land or upon smooth
+earth. Many first-rate riders affirm that it is a highly dangerous
+practice, therefore I am afraid to advocate it, and must speak with
+reserve--as I did respecting the management of a rearing animal--but
+for my own part I always do it. My experience is, that when a horse
+struggles to his feet his movement is almost invariably retrograde. He
+tries to get away, consequently his heels are turned from me; and so
+long as I keep my hold of the bridle his head will be nearest me and
+his feet furthest. He will not think of turning to kick me, unless he
+be a vilely vicious brute, not worth his keep; and so I can hold him
+with safety until I am up myself and ready to remount him. When my
+horse falls with me on the flat, I roll clear of him without letting go
+the rein, and as the only danger of a kick is whilst he is getting up,
+I shield my head with one arm and slip the rein to its fullest length
+with the other, thus allowing the animal so much head-room that he is
+enabled to make that retrograde movement, or "dragging away," which is
+natural to him, and which saves me from the possible contact of his
+heels.
+
+This is, in my opinion (which I cannot, of course, pretend to think
+infallible), the best course to pursue. It is the one which I always
+adopt, and I have never yet, except in one trifling instance, received
+a kick from a fallen horse.
+
+I remember one day, a couple of seasons ago, I was riding hard against
+a very beautiful Imperial lady, who dearly loves a little bit of
+rivalry. Neck and neck we had jumped most of the fences for forty
+minutes or so, and both our steeds were pretty well beaten, for
+the running had been continuous, without a check. We came to an
+awful obstacle--a high thick-set hedge, so impenetrable that there
+was no chance of knowing what might be on the other side. There was
+but one little apology for a gap, and at this the Empress's pilot
+rode--immediately putting up his hand as a warning to us not to follow,
+and pointing lower down. I knew that when Bay Middleton thought there
+was danger, it did, indeed, exist; but I was too much excited to stop.
+We had the hunt all to ourselves, the hounds running right in front
+of us, and not a soul with them. I came at the fence with whip, spur,
+and a shout! My horse--than which a better never was saddled--rose to
+the leap, and landing upon his head after a terrific drop, rolled
+completely over. I was not much hurt, and whilst he was on his knees
+getting up, I scrambled back to the saddle, and went on; but, oh! under
+what dire disadvantages! My rein had caught upon a stake in the fence
+and was broken clean off, and I fancy it was this chuck to my animal's
+mouth which had thrown him out of his stride and caused him to blunder,
+for it was the first and last mistake he ever made with me, nor could
+I, in the hurry of regaining my seat unassisted, get my foot into the
+stirrup; so I finished the run as if by a miracle, and astonished
+myself even more than anybody else by bringing home the fox's brush as
+a trophy that I was in at the death.
+
+Always bear in mind when hunting that you are bound to save your horse
+as much as possible. Jump no unnecessary fences; look out for a
+friendly gate whenever you can find one at hand; and in going up hill
+or over ploughed land, ease your animal and take your time. By acting
+thus judiciously you will be able to keep going when others are
+standing still. Always avoid bogs and heavy bottoms; they are most
+treacherous, and swamp many an unwary hunter in their dangerous depths.
+If you should ever have the bad fortune to be caught in one, dismount
+at once, and lead your horse. It is not a pleasant thing to have to do,
+but if you remain upon him, your weight, added to his own, will
+probably sink him up to his saddle-girths, and there he will stick.
+
+I would desire particularly to impress upon you that if your horse
+carries you safely and brilliantly through one good run, you ought to
+be contented with that, and not attempt to ride him a second. It is
+through the unwise and cruel habit of riding beaten animals that half
+the serious accidents occur. Also remember that if you are waiting at a
+covert-side where there seems likely to be a delay, after your steed
+has had a gallop or a long trot, you should get off his back and shift
+your saddle an inch one way or the other, generally backwards, as
+servants are usually apt in the first instance to place the saddle too
+close upon the withers. By adopting this plan you will, when you again
+get upon him, find him a new animal. If you or I were carrying a heavy
+burthen upon our shoulders for a certain number of hours in precisely
+the same position, would it not make a new being of us to have it eased
+and shifted? And exactly so it is with the horse. A selfish man will
+sit all day upon his beast, rather than take the trouble of getting off
+his back; but against himself does it tell, for his animal is fagged
+and jaded when that of a merciful man is able to keep its place in the
+run.
+
+There is nothing which should more fully engross the thoughts of the
+humane hunter than kindly consideration towards the noble and beautiful
+creature which God has sent to be the help of man. Your horse should be
+your companion, your friend, your loved and valued associate, but never
+your wronged and over-tasked slave. Humanity cries out with ready
+uproar against the long list of grievances which animals have to
+endure, yet how few of us exert ourselves to lighten the burthen by so
+much as one of our fingers! There is not one of us who may not, if he
+choose, be daily and hourly striving to curtail the load of misery
+which the equine race is called upon to bear. We may not be fortunate
+enough to possess horses ourselves upon which to exercise our humanity,
+but can we not do something--yea, much--for others? Surely we can, if
+we only possess the courage and the will. Even a word judiciously
+spoken will often effect more than we could have hoped or supposed. Two
+years ago I saw a cabman in Dublin cruelly ill-treating his horse. The
+poor animal was resting its worn and tired body upon the stand, ready
+for the wrench which its jaw would receive as soon as the next prospect
+of a "fare" should excite the cupidity of its owner. One would have
+thought that the sight of so much patient misery would have moved the
+stoniest heart to suffer the hapless creature to enjoy its few moments
+of needed repose. But no; the driver wanted some amusement, he was
+weary of standing by himself, without some sort of employment to divert
+his ignoble mind, and so he found such out. How? By beating upon the
+front legs and otherwise cruelly worrying with the whip the poor
+ill-used slave which he should have felt bound to protect. I saw it
+first from a distance--more fully as I came near--and with a heart
+bursting with sorrow and indignation, I crossed over and remonstrated
+with the man. I said very little; only what I have tried to inculcate
+in these pages--that humanity to quadrupeds is not only a duty which we
+owe to their Creator, but will in time repay ourselves. I expected
+nothing but abuse, and, indeed, the man's angry face and half-raised
+whip seemed to augur me no good; but, suddenly, as something that I
+said came home to him, his countenance softened, and, laying his hand
+quite gently upon the poor beaten side of the animal which he had been
+ill-treating, he said: "Well, if there was more like _you_, there
+'ud be less like me! _that's_ the thruth, at all events." And then
+he said no more, for he was satisfied that I knew I had not spoken in
+vain. For two years that man has been my constant driver. He is almost
+daily at my door: he drives me to and from the trains when going to and
+returning from the hunts, and dearly loves to hear something of the
+runs; nor is there a more humane driver nor a better cared horse in any
+city of the empire.
+
+I have related this true incident, not from any egotism--God is my
+witness--but merely to show you how good is "a word in season." You may
+speak many which may be, or may seem to be, of none effect, but, like
+the "bread upon the waters," you know not when it may return unto you
+blessed.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER IX.
+
+SELFISHNESS IN THE FIELD.--FORDING A RIVER.--SHIRKING A FENCE.--
+OVER-RIDING THE HOUNDS.--TREATMENT OF TIRED HUNTERS.--BIGWIG
+AND THE MAJOR.--NAUGHTY BIGWIG.--HAPLESS MAJOR.
+
+
+You must be particularly cautious in the hunting-field to avoid being
+cannoned against. There is no other place in the whole world where
+there is so little ceremony; and so very, very little politeness. It is
+verily a case of "Every man for himself, and the devil take the
+hindmost!" There is scarcely one man in the entire field who will not
+in his heart of hearts resent your presence, and so he will pay you no
+court. The crowding at gaps, and at certain negotiable places in
+different well-known fences is simply disgraceful; and persons--I
+cannot call them gentlemen--ride each other down like dogs. At such
+places you will be fortunate if you can enlist a friend to ride behind
+you, and thus prevent your being jumped upon in the event of a fall.
+
+I must not omit to remind you that in crossing a ford your horse will
+be very apt to lose his footing. You will know when he does so by his
+making a kind of plunge, and an endeavour to swim, which he only does
+when he feels himself out of his depth. If at such a time you interfere
+with his mouth, he will _inevitably_ roll over. Your only chance
+is to throw him the reins, and let him scramble or swim as he finds
+easiest. If the latter, lift your left leg (with foot still in the
+stirrup) completely over the third crutch, that he may not strike your
+heel with his near hind foot, or become in any way entangled with the
+stirrup or in your skirt. At the same time grasp the up-pommel firmly
+with your hand, that you may not be unseated when he makes his second
+struggle, which he will do as soon as he recovers his footing at the
+bottom of the water.
+
+A horse who shirks his fences is a terrible infliction to have to
+ride. Of course the first refusal condemns you to lose your place, for
+it is the etiquette of the hunting-field that if your horse refuses
+you must at once draw aside and let the whole field go by before you
+again essay it. But, provoked though you may be, do not allow yourself
+to be vanquished. If you do not now gain the victory your horse will
+always be your conqueror. Bring him again to the leap, keeping his
+head straight and your hands low and firm. If he refuses a second
+time, bring him round again and again, always turning him from right
+to left--that is, with the pressure upon you right rein--and not
+suffering him to have his own way. Remember that if you suffer him to
+conquer you or bring him to any other part of the fence than that
+which he is refusing, you will thoroughly spoil him. Do not, however,
+treat him with harshness. Coax him and speak gently to him. It may be
+nervousness, not temper; and if so, you will soon get him over by
+kindly encouragement. The horse is essentially a timid creature. He is
+oftentimes subjected to cruelties for his "obstinacy," where a little
+kindness and a few reassuring words would be infinitely more
+effectual. Every glance of your eye, every look upon your countenance
+is noted by your horse whilst he can see you, and, when you are upon
+his back, your words fall upon highly sensitive ears. A horse's soul
+is full of affection for his owner. He _yearns_ to please him.
+He would yield his life to serve him. Alas! how is such nobility
+requited? Man's cruelty converts a peerless and incomparable companion
+into a terrified and trembling slave. Young limbs are heavily weighted
+before they have had time to grow; dark, wretched, solitary
+confinement too early takes the place of the open air and free
+pasturage to which the creature would fain a little longer cling;
+young heads, pining for freedom, are tied or chained up in melancholy
+imprisonment. The numerous little devices with which the captive
+strives to while away the tedium of its captivity are punished as
+"vices" by heartless and ignorant grooms. Nervousness is called bad
+temper, and timidity regarded as a punishable offence. All the horrors
+of the modern stable are brought to bear upon the priceless creature
+who is born to freedom, and whose fettered limbs he is scarce
+permitted to stretch. A rack of dry, and oftentimes vitiated hay is
+placed _above_ the head which was created to stoop to gather the
+juicy grasses of the earth. A measure of hard dry corn, or a bucket of
+water, is periodically brought and thrust before the prisoner, who
+eats and drinks for mere pastime, often without appetite, and whose
+frequent rejection of the offered dainties is regarded as "sulkiness"
+or "vice." The whole system of modern stable management is lamentably
+at fault. I cannot hope to remedy it. I cannot persuade obstinate
+humanity that the expenditure of a few shillings will turn in as many
+pounds: that by the bestowal of proper care, proper housing, light,
+and exercise, and proper clothing, food, and drink, the slave will
+repay by longer life and more active service the care and kindness
+which Christianity should deem a pleasure and privilege, instead of,
+as now, a compulsory and doled-out gift. I cannot expect to remedy
+these wide and universal evils, nor yet can you; but we are bound--you
+and I--to guard against such things in our own management. If your
+horse oppose you through nervousness, you can conquer him by kindness;
+if through obstinacy, which is occasional but not frequent, you must
+adopt a different plan. Use your spur and whip, and show that you will
+not be mastered, though you stay there till the stars come out. You
+will be sure to conquer ere long, unless your horse is one of those
+inveterate brutes which are, fortunately, rarely to be met with, and
+when you succeed in getting him over the obstacle at which he has
+sulked, put him at it again, making him take it backwards and
+forwards, and he will not be likely to trouble you by a repetition of
+his pranks.
+
+You must be very cautious in the hunting-field not to leave yourself
+open to any suspicion of over-riding the hounds; keep close to them,
+but never so near as to be upon them. Over-riding hounds is a piece of
+unpardonable caddishness of which no gentleman, and certainly no lady,
+would be guilty; yet it is done; and then, when the master's wrath is
+aroused, the innocent suffer with the guilty, for many who are not
+absolutely offenders, ride too close in their zeal for the pleasures of
+the chase.
+
+When your day's sport is over, and you are riding back to the place at
+which you expect to meet your trap, remember that the easiest way to
+bring your horse in is in a quiet jog-trot. It is nonsense to walk him,
+for he will only stiffen, and will be the longer away from his stable
+and his needed rest. If you chance to come across a piece of water,
+ride him to it and let him have a few "go downs,"--six or eight, but
+not more. When you get off his back, see that his girths are loosed at
+once, and, if very tired, a little water thrown over his feet. He
+should then be taken quietly home--if by road, in the same easy
+trot--and just washed over and turned into a loose box, where he can
+tumble and luxuriate without submitting to any of the worries of
+professional grooming. Fifteen minutes after my return from hunting,
+my horse--sheeted and comfortable--is feeding quietly in his stall,
+enjoying his food and rest; instead of standing in some wet corner of a
+cold yard, with his unhappy head tied up by an unsympathizing rope, and
+a fussy groom worrying his tired body with a noisy display of most
+unnecessary zeal. And this is as it ought to be. Horses are like human
+beings,--they like to _rest_ when wearied, and their chief
+desire--if we would only believe it--is to be left alone. But we are
+incredulous, and so we hang about them, and fuss and worry the fagged
+and patient creatures who would fain appeal to us for a cessation of
+our attentions.
+
+There are few things more truly delightful than a mutual understanding
+and affection between horse and rider, and this can easily be arrived
+at by kindness and care. I have a hunter--Bigwig, son of The
+Lawyer--who follows me all over the place, knows my voice from any
+distance, rubs his nose down my dress, puts it into my pocket to look
+for apples, and licks my hands and face like a dog; yet I have done
+nothing to induce all this, except treating him with uniform justice
+and kindness. He has carried me most brilliantly through three
+successive seasons without one single display of sulk or bad temper. He
+knows not the _touch_ of a whip. I carry one, that the long lash,
+passed through his bridle, may assist him when necessary in getting
+over a trappy fence, at which I may deem it prudent to dismount, but
+the sight of it never inspires him with fear; if I showed it to him, he
+would probably lick it, and then gaze inquiringly at me to see if I
+were pleased with the novel performance. To me, this noble and
+beautiful creature is a priceless companion; yet, strange to say,
+nobody else (not even the most accomplished rider) can obtain any good
+of him. It is not that he displays vice, but he simply will not allow
+himself to be ridden. I once happened to mention this fact at our
+private dinner-table, in presence of a distinguished major, who had
+been boasting largely of his prowess in the saddle, and who at once
+offered to lay me ten to one that he would master the animal in
+question within five minutes. "I do not bet," I said, "but I will
+venture to assert that you will not be able to ride him out of the yard
+within as many hours." He took me up at once, and, as a good many
+sporting men were dining with us, who evidently enjoyed the prospect of
+a little excitement, I quietly called a servant, and sent orders to the
+groom to saddle Bigwig without delay. It was a lovely evening in
+summer, and we all adjourned to the yard to view the performance.
+
+The moment my beautiful pet saw me he whinnied joyously and strove to
+approach me, but I dared not go near him, in case it should be thought
+that by any sort of "Freemasonry" I induced him to carry out my words.
+The sight was most amusing; the gentlemen all standing about, smoking
+and laughing; the horse suspicious, and not at ease, quietly held by
+the groom, whose face was in a grin of expectation, for none knew
+better than he what was likely to ensue. The major prepared to mount,
+and Bigwig stood with the utmost placidity; although I must confess he
+was naughty enough to cast back an eye, which augured no good to the
+gallant representative of Her Majesty's service. He mounted without
+difficulty, took up the reins, and evidently prepared for a struggle;
+but none such ensued. Bigwig tucked his tail very tight to his body,
+walked quietly forward for a yard or two, and then, suddenly standing
+up as straight as a whip, the defeated major slid over his tail upon
+the hard ground, whilst the horse trotted back to his box.
+
+I have related for you this anecdote, not merely for your amusement,
+but to teach you never to boast. A braggart is ever the first to fall,
+and nobody sympathizes with him. If you become ever so successful in
+your management of horses, do not exert yourself to proclaim it. Suffer
+others to find it out if they will; but do not tell them of it, lest
+some day you share the fate of the prostrate and discomfited major.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER X.
+
+FEEDING HORSES.--FORAGE-BISCUITS.--IRISH PEASANTRY.--A CUNNING
+IDIOT.--A CABIN SUPPER.--THE ROGUISH MULE.--A DAY AT COURTOWN.--
+PADDY'S OPINION OF THE EMPRESS.
+
+
+I said at the commencement of these pages that I should offer little or
+no discourse upon the general management of horses; yet, in one
+reserved instance, I may be permitted to break through my rule. If you
+want your hunters to thrive, do not let them have a single grain of raw
+oats. People have laughed at me when I said this, and have scarcely
+waited for the turning of my back to call me a mad woman; but a few of
+the scoffers have since come to thank me, and if you adopt my plan you
+will think that this little volume would have been cheap at a ten-pound
+note. There are, of course, times when raw oats must be given, for your
+horse may not always be in your own stable. At such times it is a good
+plan to mix chopped clover or grass through the feeding, taking care
+that grain and clover be thoroughly mingled. The judicious mixture of
+green meat will go far towards counteracting the binding effects which
+raw oats will be likely to have upon a horse not accustomed to it, and
+will also induce him to masticate his food, which an animal inured to
+softer feeding will otherwise be apt to neglect, wasting the corn by
+dropping it from his mouth in a slobbering fashion, making no use
+whatever of his grinders, and swallowing a certain portion without
+chewing it at all. I am, for various tried reasons, a thorough advocate
+for Mayhew's and Shingler's style of feeding upon cooked food, mingled,
+of course, with good sweet hay, or an admixture of the juicy grasses
+upon which the animal in its unfettered state would be prone to live.
+
+In my stable-yard are a large boiler and an unlimited supply of good
+water. The groom boils sufficient oats to do for two or three days,
+and, when cool, mixes through it a small proportion of bruised Indian
+corn. On this the horses are fed as with ordinary oats three times
+daily, and so enjoy the feeding that not one grain is left in the
+mangers, which are placed _low upon the ground_. The surest proof
+of the efficacy of this excellent and economical feeding is that my
+horses never sweat, never blow, never tire. When other hunters are
+standing still, mine have not turned a hair; and, as prize-winners and
+brilliant goers, they cannot be excelled.
+
+The principle I go on is this:--If I eat a cupful of raw rice, it
+certainly does me no good; but if I boil it, it makes three or four
+times the quantity of good, wholesome, digestible food, every grain of
+which goes to the nourishment of my body. And it is precisely so with
+the oats and the horse. In addition to this feeding, I give abundance
+of good, sweet, _moist_ hay, varied by green food in summer,
+substituting carrots in the winter-time, of which vegetable they are
+particularly fond. The carrots are given whole, either from my hand or
+put loosely in the manger. I never suffer them to be cut up, unless it
+be done _very finely_, either by myself or under my supervision, to
+induce a delicate feeder to taste his food through which the chopped
+carrots are rubbed. Grooms, with their accustomed ignorance, are almost
+always in favour of the "cutting up," but I regard it as a most
+dangerous practice. If the carrot be left whole the horse will nibble
+at it, and will bite off just such pieces as he knows he can chew and
+swallow, but there is more than one instance upon record of horses
+choking themselves with pieces of cut carrot, and very many who have
+nearly done so. I can feed my horses upon this system for very little
+more than half the sum which my neighbours are expending, with
+advantages which are certainly fourfold. I consider it an excellent
+plan to vary horses' feeding, as it tells quite as beneficially upon
+animals as upon ourselves;--and for this purpose there cannot, in my
+opinion, be anything better than the forage-biscuits, manufactured
+by Spratt & Co., Henry Street, London, ten of which are equal to one
+good feed of oats, and are so relished that not so much as a crumb
+is suffered to go to waste. They combine all the most nutritious of
+grains, with dates and linseed added in such proportions as experience
+has pointed out to the inventor to be the best. They are then baked,
+and thoroughly dried, so that they are entirely deprived of moisture,
+and will consequently keep good for any length of time. The baking
+process being complete, they are, when eaten, practically
+half-digested,--or, as I may say, they present the materials to the
+horse in the most digestible form in which it is possible to give them.
+There are certain chemicals used in very minute quantities in the
+manufacture of these biscuits, which are productive of highly
+beneficial effects upon animals thus fed,--improving their muscular
+development, and imparting to their coats a peculiarly healthy and
+brilliant appearance. One feed of the forage-biscuits three or four
+times weekly is the proper allowance,--and they should be given whole,
+as the same objection applies to the breaking of them as I have set
+forth in my dissertation upon the cutting up of carrots.
+
+I now desire to warn you that if you hunt in Ireland you must be
+prepared for the laughable and most ingenious frauds which the poor
+people--alas! _how_ poor--will certainly endeavour to practise upon
+you. I can, and do most fully, commiserate their poverty, but with
+their attempts at imposition I have long since lost patience. Doubtless
+they think that everybody who hunts is of necessity a rich person, and
+conceive the idea that by fleecing the wealthy they will aid in
+blotting out the poverty of the land. Nothing delights the old
+cottage-woman more than to kill an ancient hen or duck on a
+hunting-morning, and then, when the hunt comes sweeping past her door,
+out rushes the beldame with the bird concealed beneath her apron, and
+throwing it deftly--positively by a species of sleight of hand--beneath
+your horse's hoofs, kicks up a mighty whining, and declares that you
+have "kilt her beauty-ful fowl!" I was so taken aback upon the first of
+these occasions that I actually stopped and paid the price demanded;
+but, finding that the same thing occurred the following week in a
+different locality, I ascertained that it was a trick and declined to
+be farther hocussed.
+
+It is likewise a common thing for a man to accost you, demanding a
+shilling, and declaring that it was he who pulled your ladyship's horse
+out of the ditch or quagmire on such and such a day. You do not
+remember ever having seen his face before; but if you are a hard-riding
+lady you will be so frequently assisted out of difficulties that you
+cannot undertake to say who nor how many may have helped you
+unrewarded, and, being unwilling that any should so suffer, you bestow
+the coin, most likely in many instances, until you find that your
+generosity has become known and is consequently being traded upon.
+
+I remember one day, a couple of winters ago, when returning from
+hunting, I lost my way, and being desirous of speedily re-finding it, I
+accosted a ragged being whom I saw standing at a corner where four
+roads met, and inquired of him the most direct route to the point which
+I was desirous of reaching. The creature hitched his shoulders,
+scratched his collarless neck, pushed the hat from his sunburnt
+forehead, and, finally, looking down and rubbing the fore-finger of his
+right hand upon the palm of his left, thus delivered himself:
+
+"I axed him for a ha'penny, and he wouldn't give it to me; but he put
+his hand into his pocket and pulled out a pinny, and gave it to me, and
+I took it in--ho, ho! and he gave me a letter to take up to Mrs.
+Johnston, and when I took it to her, she opened it and read it. Now,
+didn't I give her the letter?"
+
+"Really," said I, "I know nothing about Mrs. Johnston nor her letter. I
+want to know the nearest way to Dunboyne station."
+
+"I axed him for a ha'penny," began the man again. And then I had the
+whole story of the "pinny" and "Mrs. Johnston" repeated for me over and
+over, without a smile or any variation, until my vexation vanished, and
+I fairly roared with laughter. Guessing at once how the land lay, I
+produced a little coin with which I presented him, and which he
+immediately pocketed, and, touching his ragged feather, pointed down
+one of the roads, and said quite sensibly, "That's the right road, my
+lady." And so I found it. This man, I was subsequently informed, made
+quite a respectable maintenance by stationing himself at the
+cross-roads on daily duty, and informing every passer-by that he "axed
+for a ha'penny" but was generously treated to a "pinny," together with
+the story of Mrs. Johnston and her letter, accompanied by all the
+shruggings, and scratchings, and sniffings, which never failed to
+provoke the laughter of the hearer and to elicit the coveted coin.
+
+The Irish, with all their little failings, are a hospitable people, and
+full of pungent wit. I was one evening wending my way to Sallins
+station, after a long and wearisome day's hunting. My tired horse was
+suffering from an over-reach, and I was taking him as quietly as I
+could, consistently with my anxiety to be in time to catch the train by
+which I desired to return to town. So utterly jaded were we both--I and
+my steed--that the way appeared very long indeed, and I asked the first
+countryman whom I met how far it was to Sallins. "Three miles," he told
+me, and I jogged on again. When we had traversed quite a long distance,
+and I thought I must be very near my journey's end, I ventured upon
+asking the same question of a farmer whom I met riding a big horse in
+an opposite direction to that in which I was myself going. It was a
+matter of about two miles, he told me, or mayhap three, but not more he
+thought, and I was certainly not going wrong; I was on the right road,
+and no mistake. I took out my watch. No hope for me now. I was
+undoubtedly late for the train which I had hoped to catch, and must
+wait two long hours for the next. A poor-looking little cottage was
+close at hand; to it I trotted, and looked in at the door. The family
+were at supper, all gathered about a narrow table, in the middle of
+which lay a pile of unpeeled potatoes and a little salt. The mule, upon
+which much of their fortune depended, was supping with them; thrusting
+his poor attenuated nose over the shoulders of the children, and
+occasionally snatching a potato, always receiving a box for so doing,
+to which, however, he paid no sort of heed. I was at once invited to
+enter, and gladly accepted the invitation, for I was cold and tired,
+pleased to ease my horse and get him a draught of meal and water. I sat
+down in the chimney-corner, thankful for the rest, but determined to
+withstand all entreaties to share the family supper, and my risible
+faculties were sorely put to the test, when my host, balancing a potato
+upon his fork and dipping it in the salt, presented it to me, saying,
+"Arrah! take it my lady, just _for the jig o' the thing_!" Of
+course I took it; and never have I enjoyed the richest luxury of an
+_a la Russe_ dinner more than that simple potato in a poor man's
+cabin, in company with the mule and the pigs. When I stood up to go I
+carefully inquired the distance, for it was dark, and I had long since
+lost the remainder of my party. The man offered to accompany me to the
+station, and I believe he was actuated solely by civility, and not by
+any hope of gain. My horse was sadly done up; he had stiffened on the
+over-reach, and limped painfully. We proceeded but slowly, and, sighing
+for the patient suffering of my dearly-loved steed, I made the
+observation that the miles were very long indeed. "They _are_
+long, my lady," said the man, who was walking before me with a
+lanthorn; "but, shure and faith, if they're long they're narra'!" And
+with this most intelligent observation he closed his mouth, and left me
+to ponder upon it undisturbed until we arrived at the station.
+
+One more anecdote, and I have done with them.
+
+On one of last season's hunting-days the hounds met at Courtown, and
+great excitement was abroad, for the Imperial lady was expected to join
+the chase. She was, however, prevented through indisposition from
+attending, but Prince Liechtenstein and a very distinguished company
+came over from Summerhill. As we were trotting to the covert the
+country-folks were all on the alert, for not having heard of the
+disappointment respecting the Empress they were anxiously expecting
+her, and many were the surmises respecting her identity. I was riding
+close to the front, escorted by Lord Cloncurry, and as we swept past
+one of the wayside cottages, two men and a woman rushed out to stare at
+us and to give their opinions upon the "Impress." "Which is she?" cried
+the female, shading her eyes to have a good look,--"That must be
+_her_ in front, with his lordship. Oh! isn't she lovely? A quane,
+every inch!"
+
+"Arrah! shut up, woman," said one of the men, testily interrupting her.
+"That's not her at all, nor a taste like her! _The Impress is a
+good-lookin' woman._" I need not say that this genuinely-uttered
+remark took the wind completely out of my sails, and that I have never
+since dreamed of comparing my personal appearance with that of any
+woman whom an Irishman would call "good-lookin'."
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XI.
+
+THE DOUBLE-RISE.--POINTING OUT THE RIGHT FOOT.--THE FORCE OF HABIT.
+--VARIOUS KINDS OF FAULT-FINDING.--MR. STURGESS' PICTURES.--AN
+ENGLISH HARVEST-HOME.--A JEALOUS SHREW.--A SHY BLACKSMITH.--HOW
+IRISHMEN GET PARTNERS AT A DANCE.
+
+
+I shall now touch very briefly upon one or two points which I have not
+before mentioned, but which may, nevertheless, prove interesting to
+some lady riders.
+
+Firstly, then, I shall speak of the annoyance--sometimes a serious
+one--which ladies experience from what is known as the _double
+rise_ in the trot. I have been asked is it preventible. Before
+suggesting a remedy for anything--be it ailment or habit--we must
+endeavour to get at the _cause_ of the evil complained of. The
+most successful medical men are those who first take time and pains to
+ascertain the wherefore, and then seek to effect the cure.
+
+The extremely ungraceful and unpleasant motion known as the "double
+rise" is attributable to two distinct causes. It is due either to the
+horse or to the rider, and to the one quite as frequently as to the
+other. A large, heavy animal, with slow and clumsy action will, if
+ridden by a lady, be almost certain to necessitate the double rise.
+This I know by the certainty derived from experience. I was staying
+some time ago at a house in the midst of our finest hunting county in
+Ireland, namely, royal Meath. The owner was a great hunting-man in both
+senses of the word, for he was a superb cross-country rider, and, if
+put in the scales, would pull down sixteen stone. Being a top-weight he
+always rode immense horses--elephants I used to call them, greatly to
+his indignation. Very good he was about lending me one of these huge
+creatures whenever I felt desirous of joining the chase, which I
+confess was but seldom, for the first day upon which I accepted a mount
+we left off eighteen miles from home, and I was so exhausted by the
+time we arrived there, that I fairly fainted before reaching my own
+chamber. It was not the distance which tired me, although it was a
+pretty good one, but the fact that I was troubled with the double-rise
+all the way. I strove in vain to remedy it by urging my gigantic steed
+to a faster trot, and making him go up to his bridle; but the moment I
+began to experience a little relief, my companion--dear old man, now in
+heaven!--would say, "Well, that is the worst of ladies riding: they
+must always either creep in a walk, or bucket their horses along at an
+unnecessary pace. _Why_ can't you jog on quietly, as I do?" He
+was clearly not suffering from the annoyance which was vexing and
+fatiguing me. I looked at him closely, watched his motion in the
+saddle--that slow, slow rise and fall--I compared it with mine, our
+pace being the same, and the mystery was at once solved. Both horses
+were trotting exactly together, keeping step, as the saying goes, yet
+my companion was at ease whilst I was in torment. Why was this? Because
+he had a leg at either side of his mount, his weight equally
+distributed, and an equal support upon both sides; in fact, he had, as
+all male riders have, the advantage of a _double_ support in the
+rise; consequently, at the moment when his weight was removed from the
+saddle, it was thrown upon both feet, and this equal distribution
+enabled him to accomplish without fatigue that slow rise and fall which
+is so tiring to a lady, whose weight when she is out of the saddle is
+thrown entirely upon one delicate limb, thus inducing her to fall
+again as soon as possible, which, if riding a clumsy animal, she is
+constrained to do _at variance_, as it were, with his tedious and
+heavy motion, and hence the inconvenience of the double rise.
+
+To illustrate my meaning, and explain more fully how it happens that
+men never complain of this particular evil: a man will be able to stand
+in his stirrups for a considerable time, even to ride a gallop so
+doing, because he transfers his weight _equally_ to this feet; but
+how rarely do we see a lady balanced upon one leg! Never, except it be
+for a single instant whilst arranging her skirt or trying her stirrup.
+The sensation is not agreeable, and would be, moreover, unpleasantly
+productive of wrung backs.
+
+A heavy horse is never in any way suitable to a lady. It _looks_
+amiss. The trot is invariably laboured, and if the animal should chance
+to fall, he gives his rider what we know in the hunting-field as "a
+mighty crusher!" It is, indeed, a rare thing to meet a perfect "lady's
+horse." In all my wide experience I have met but two. Breeding is
+necessary for stability and speed--two things most essential to a
+hunter; but good _light_ action is, for a roadster, positively
+indispensable, and a horse who does not possess it is a burden to his
+rider, and is, moreover, exceedingly unsafe, as he is apt to stumble at
+every rut and stone.
+
+The double rise may also, as I said, be quite attributable to the
+rider. A careless way of riding may occasion it, sitting loosely in the
+saddle, and allowing your horse to go asleep over his work. Pull you
+mount together, so as to throw his weight upon his haunches, not upon
+his shoulders. Keep your reins close in hand. Rise, so that you shall
+be out of the saddle when his off fore-leg is thrown out, and I do not
+think you will have much to complain of from the annoyance occasioned
+by the double rise.
+
+I have dwelt upon this subject because so many have asked me privately
+for a cure for it, and I have surmised that numerous others, who have
+not had opportunity--nor perhaps courage--to ask, will nevertheless be
+pleased to receive a hint.
+
+It has also been inquired of me whether there is any remedy for that
+excessively unsightly practice of sticking out the right foot when in
+the saddle, as we have seen so many ladies do, until the toe is
+positively almost resting upon the horse's neck. There is, of course, a
+remedy; a most effectual one. _Don't do it._ It is quite possible
+and even easy to keep the right leg as close to the saddle as the left,
+the toe pointing downward, and the knee well bent. I know, however,
+that in some cases the position objected to is consequent upon the
+up-pommel of the saddle being placed too near the off one, thus there
+is not sufficient space for the leg to lie easily, and consequently it
+sticks out in the ungraceful manner so often seen and deplored.
+
+In many instances, also, it is habit; a bad practice, indulged in at
+first without notice, and then, when confirmed, most difficult to
+eradicate. These pernicious habits are extremely apt to grow upon all
+of us, unless most carefully watched, I have seen ladies utterly
+disfigure their appearance in the saddle by placing a hand upon their
+side, or, worse again, behind their back, and riding along in this
+jaunty style with an air as though they thought themselves the most
+elegant creatures in creation. Others keep their elbows a-kimbo, and
+fairly churn themselves in the saddle with every rise and fall. Others,
+again, acquire a habit of tipping their horse with the whip in an
+altogether unnecessary manner. It is not actually enough to hurt the
+animal, but is amply sufficient to worry and ruffle his temper. No
+horse fit to carry a lady requires to be constantly reminded of his
+work. A whip in a woman's hand should be more for show, and to give
+completeness to the picture, than for purposes of castigation. Nothing
+looks worse nor more ungentle than to see it wantonly applied. It has
+been said, "Spare the rod and spoil the child," but I cannot agree with
+the theory. Rod and whip may be alike useful in (happily) isolated
+cases, but I do not envy the disposition of child or animal who cannot
+be made amenable by less ungentle means. Practices which are the result
+of habit may be checked, and quite effectually, by the bestowal of a
+little care. We want first some kindly friend to tell us of them; we
+next require the common sense and good feeling not to be offended at
+the telling; and, finally, we need the patience and perseverance which
+are born of the _determination_ to overcome the fault. With regard
+to the telling, how few of us know how to tell! There are just the two
+ways, or perhaps I should say three. There is the cold, carping,
+disagreeable fault-finding manner, which picks holes for the mere
+pleasure of picking them, and the unworthy delight of seeing how the
+victim writhes beneath the torture. There is the snake-like, insidious
+fault-finding--the worst and most dangerous of all--which invariably
+commences with the words, "You know, my dear, I am only telling you for
+your own good." This species of fault-finding is peculiar to the
+_female_ friend, and is invariably served up with an admixture of
+honey and gall, so skilfully compounded that the very soul of the
+listener is exercised and deceived. "Her words were smoother than oil,
+yet were they drawn swords." Lastly, there is the genuine, honest,
+open-hearted, fault-finding, which bears no malice, and is too true to
+clothe itself with the garment of deceit. By this alone we should be
+influenced or seek to influence others; but, for my own part, as I have
+already said, I have found the world so inordinately self-opinionated
+and determined _not_ to be advised, that I have long since ceased
+to offer counsel, and only give it when requested. Long ago, when I
+first began to write, I was jealous of all interference, and invariably
+prefaced my letters to my Editors with, "Please do not alter anything
+in my MS." Poor blind child I was then, groping about in the dark, and
+sadly needing the helping hand which I was so obstinately rejecting.
+Well, we gain sense with years, and wisdom with experience. Now that I
+have got on in the world, in every sense of the word, I am only too
+anxious for advice, and ready to grasp at every friendly hint.
+
+And so it should be with riding as with writing. Take all kindly
+counsel in good part, and if given advice ask for more. Bad habits grow
+upon us with giant force; they strengthen with our strength, because we
+know not of them, or blindly refuse to be controlled. I dare say a good
+many of us are acquainted with a very famous queen of song who always
+holds her hands crossed and her thumbs turned stiffly up whilst she is
+singing. I do not believe she is at all aware of the peculiarity of her
+attitude, and perhaps she could not sing half so well nor sweetly if
+she altered it. In like manner I told you, in the earlier portion of
+this volume, of a young lady who could not ride a yard without laying a
+firm grip upon the off-pommel of her saddle. These things are habit;
+we do them without consciousness; we are not aware of anything unusual
+in ourselves, but when the knowledge comes to us (which it soon will if
+we are known to possess sufficient sweetness to take a hint) we should
+turn it to advantage, and so improve with time.
+
+I recollect that when these writings of mine were first issued in the
+journal to which they originally owed their appearance, a dear lady
+wrote to me all the way from Rhode Island, U.S.A., asking me for hints
+upon various subjects, and likewise offering me a few such, with so
+much sweetness that I not alone accepted, but welcomed and adopted
+them. She asked me many questions relative to the pictures with which
+my various subjects were illustrated, and admired very warmly the
+spirited drawings which Mr. Sturgess had made of my leap into the
+farmyard and also of "The first fence." Many of my readers may
+recollect them; and as there was, at the time, much discussion
+respecting the position of my feet as portrayed in the former picture,
+I take this opportunity of ranging myself upon the artist's side, for,
+after much thoughtful inspection of the picture, I arrived at the
+conclusion that he was perfectly correct, and the position quite such
+as must of necessity be, in the event of a runaway steed clearing such
+an obstacle with a wearied and startled rider scarce able to retain her
+seat upon his back. Even had the artist been mistaken--which I am bound
+to say he was not--the matter need scarcely have evoked criticism, for
+his strong point is his delineation of horses, and as he has no equal
+in this particular branch of art, he may well be forgiven if such
+trifles as a lady's feet occasionally puzzle him a little! Moreover, he
+draws with a view to producing effect as much as ensuring stereotyped
+correctness. I recollect when I saw that picture I sounded my protest
+against the flowing skirt and flying veil: two things quite foreign to
+my style of riding-dress, which is always severely close-fitting and
+_curtailed_. His answer certainly carried weight. The skirt and
+veil were necessary to impart an appearance of rapid motion, or flying
+through the air. He was quite right, and I was decidedly wrong. I felt
+ashamed of myself, begged his pardon mentally, and atoned for my
+audacity by henceforward believing blindly in his judgment.
+
+I recollect laughing much at the time at a grave suggestion made to me
+by a dear old lady, who thought there might be a particular reason why
+Mr. Sturgess was (in her opinion) less successful in depicting lady
+equestrians than when pursuing any other branch of his enchanting art.
+Neither she nor I had or have, unfortunately, the pleasure of his
+personal acquaintance, but we thought there might possibly be somebody
+in authority who strongly objected to his studying the details of the
+fair creatures whom he has occasionally to draw. To show that such
+things may be, and actually are, in real life, I recollect that when I
+was staying some two or three years ago at a famous house in the north
+of England, a gay harvest-home took place, and the servants and
+labourers had a dance in the barn. I and my husband, our host and
+hostess, and numerous guests staying at the castle, went out to see the
+fun, and greatly was I struck with the gallant appearance of the old
+barn, so gaily decorated with corn, and the fiddler fiddling away upon
+a beer-barrel! A mighty cheer was raised for us when we all, in full
+evening dress, joined the motley company of revellers, and the lord of
+the soil led off a country dance with a blushing mountain-lass,
+followed by her ladyship with an equally humble partner. The blacksmith
+was an Irishman, and looked very shy, as Irishmen invariably do in
+presence of the fair sex(?) I knew him as a workman upon the estate--I
+knew also that his wife, a very ugly woman, was a terribly jealous
+shrew--and, actuated by a spirit of mischief, I went and asked him to
+dance; but he only grinned, blushed, and said, "No, thank you, ma'am;
+_I'm a married man!_" My husband, who was standing by, said
+laughingly, "Why, Brian, you ought to feel flattered to be asked. Give
+Mrs. O'Donoghue your arm, and take your place for the dance." "O,
+faix," said Brian, hastening to obey, "if _you_ have no objection,
+I'm sure _I_ have none. _Let her come on!_ Only," he added,
+pausing and scratching his head, "begorrah, _I hope my wife won't see
+me!_"
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XII.
+
+SUBJECT OF FEEDING RESUMED.--COOKED FOOD RECOMMENDED.--EFFECTS OF
+RAW OATS UPON "PLEADER."--SERVANTS' OBJECTIONS.--SNAFFLE-BRIDLE, AND
+BIT-AND-BRIDOON.--KINDNESS TO THE POOR.--AN UNSYMPATHETIC LADY.--AN
+UNGALLANT CAPTAIN.--WHAT IS A GENTLEMAN?--_AU REVOIR!_
+
+
+My remarks upon the subject of feeding horses, having gained publicity
+through the columns of the press, have called forth much comment and
+adverse criticism. Some have evidently considered--and have not
+hesitated to say--that I have written the veriest twaddle; but happily
+there is a reverse side to the picture, and many (including one very
+august personage indeed) have expressed a determination to adopt my
+system. Beans are such excellent feeding that I cannot object to an
+admixture of them, and to most English horses they are almost a
+necessity; but in Ireland we care little about them. It is unwise to
+give too much hay. I said "abundance" on a former page, but the word,
+as I used it, did not signify a large quantity. For horses fed three
+times daily upon a plentiful measure of oats, crushed Indian corn, and
+beans if desired, a few handfuls of hay will be amply sufficient, and
+this should be placed where the horse can stoop to it, but never above
+him, as in the effort to disengage it from the rack the seeds fall in
+his eyes and produce irritation, and sometimes permanent disease.
+
+A bran-mash on a Saturday night, or after a hard day, forms an
+admirable variety to the ordinary feeding routine. Let the bran be
+thoroughly well steeped and mixed, and a portion of cooked oats or
+chopped carrots intermingled with it. This will induce almost any
+animal to partake of the bran, from which otherwise many delicate
+feeders will resolutely turn.
+
+I have strongly recommended cooked feeding, even against the uproar of
+a general outcry against it, because I have seen and proved its
+efficacy. Last November, on the first Tuesday in the month--the opening
+day with the Kildare hounds--we had a splendid run, during which,
+however, I was amazed to find that my great horse, Pleader, sweated
+heavily--a thing which had never previously been the case. In fact, it
+had always been my boast that when other horses were thoroughly done,
+mine had not turned a hair; but, on the day in question, he was in a
+white lather, and I thought appeared distressed. Upon coming home, and
+speaking about it in my stable, I was informed that the boiler was in
+some way out of order, and the horses had, unknown to me, been fed upon
+uncooked oats during the preceding three days. Had I required any
+confirmation of my theory, this circumstance would certainly have
+furnished it, and entirely defeats the general supposition that cooked
+food renders horses soft.
+
+I have now given the best advice I can upon the subject of feeding, and
+I shall not again refer to it, nor to anything connected with the
+treatment or stable management of horses, as the subject is an endless
+one, everybody entertaining an opinion of his own, which it shall not
+be my ambition to upset. What I have said has been in kindness, and
+with a view to benefiting both man and beast; but I do not by any means
+expect the majority of my readers to coincide in my views. There is a
+stolid determination general throughout the world to stick to old
+customs and old-fashioned ways and habits, no matter how excellent the
+modern ones may be, and so the "horse and mill" go daily round. Masters
+object to my system because it involves an outlay in the erecting of a
+proper boiler and other necessary adjuncts; servants object to it
+because it gives them a little additional trouble. It is far easier to
+lounge to the oat-bin, fill a measure from it, and thrust it before the
+animal, not caring whether it is rejected or otherwise, than to fetch
+the water and fill the boiler and go through the labours of a process
+which, in itself exceedingly simple, is made to appear complicated and
+laborious by the amount of fuss and discontent which are brought to
+bear upon the work. There is an old saying, "If you want a thing well
+done, do it yourself"; but, unfortunately, there are some things--and
+this is one--which ladies and gentlemen cannot do, and there is no
+doubt whatever that servants accustomed to the old style of management
+will never willingly adopt the new--unless they belong to that rare and
+select and most exclusive _few_ who have their masters' interest
+at heart.
+
+Much information has been asked of me relative to the subject of
+holding reins. How often shall I say that there is no fixed rule, and
+that a method which may look well for park-riding will be totally out
+of place in the hunting-field. I have been asked how I hold my own
+bridle, and I shall answer that I almost invariably ride with a single
+rein, and you can understand my method readily if you will follow me
+whilst I endeavour to explain. Take your pocket-handkerchief, pass it
+through the back of any ordinary chair, and bring the ends evenly
+towards you, holding them for an instant with your right hand, which
+must, _pro tem._, represent the buckle. Place your left hand
+within the loop thus formed, the little finger resting firmly against
+the near-side, about four inches above the right hand; grasp the
+opposite side between the forefinger and thumb, left hand (the two
+sides of the handkerchief representing the reins); press the off-side
+slightly inward with the pressure of your thumb, slipping it entirely
+away from the control of the right hand; then bring the near-side,
+which still is held loosely by the right, under the thumb of the left,
+and hold it firmly. You will thus see that you establish a sort of
+"cross rein," and that you have, and are able to maintain, a secure
+grip upon either side. By an outward movement or slight turning of the
+wrist, accompanied by pressure of the little finger, you will control
+your horse upon the near-side of his mouth, whilst by an inward
+movement and pressure of the forefinger you will be able to command him
+upon the other or off-side. It must be borne in mind that these
+movements should be from the wrist _only_, and not from the arm or
+shoulder. A good rider will keep the elbows close to the sides, just
+drawing the line finely between that pinioned look which is so
+disfiguring, and the detestable flapping, like the wings of an unquiet
+bird, in which so many riders, both male and female, so frequently
+indulge. I have seen ladies, who wished to have an appearance of hard
+riding, leaning forward in the saddle and working their elbows in an
+unsightly manner, the hands (influenced by the elbows) sawing also, and
+the poor horse, with open mouth and straining jaws, staggering along in
+distress, fighting his bridle, and presenting altogether a melancholy
+spectacle. A firm even seat, elbows close, head erect, and strong
+steady hands held _low_--these are the characteristics of a good
+and lady-like rider. In going across country put _both_ hands to
+your bridle, and keep your horse's head straight and well in hand, but
+do not attempt to pull him nor interfere with him at his fences, or you
+will undoubtedly come to grief. If you ride with a bit and bridoon my
+advice is, ride your horse--even though he be a puller--upon the
+snaffle, and keep the curb rein looped over your little finger, hanging
+quite loose, yet in such a position that you can if necessary take it
+up at a second's notice.
+
+I cannot too often impress upon you the advisability of being
+conciliatory and kind in your manner to everybody with whom you may
+come in contact. No matter how exalted your rank may be, you can all
+the better afford to be courteous to those beneath you. Kind words cost
+nothing, and are as balm to the hearer. Many of the lower orders are
+quite as much gentry at heart, and far more so, than those who hide
+their unworthiness beneath the convenient shadow of a "family tree." I
+have been more than once pained upon hunting days by the extreme
+contempt and rudeness with which ladies have treated the poor, who have
+asked nothing from them save the innocent and inexpensive privilege of
+seeing them mount and canter away with the field. It is all very well
+to say, "I do not like to be stared at," but even to those who
+_most_ dislike it, surely it is worth a little self-sacrifice to
+see the undisguised enjoyment and listen to the original observations
+of the Irish peasantry, to whom a sight of the hounds--especially when
+followed by ladies--is a treat they never care to miss.
+
+I was riding last winter in company with a lady, very noble, very
+handsome, very proud. We came up to a branch of a river, upon the brink
+of which some country folk had gathered, with the innocent desire of
+seeing it jumped. A poor man, very quiet-looking and harmless, was
+actually knocked down and immersed in the water by a reckless young
+officer, who galloped over him, and went on without even glancing back
+at the spot where the poor half-drowned creature stood wringing his
+dripping clothing, yet not uttering a syllable of reproach. My
+companion roared with laughter, first at the catastrophe, and then at
+me for sympathising with the sufferer. "Apologise!" she cried, in a
+high key. "_How_ could Captain Dash apologise to a man like that?
+It would be different had he been a _gentleman_." I thought so
+too, if the meaning of the word "he" had only been reversed; but I said
+nothing, and we went on.
+
+A few fields further we came to a terrible obstacle--a high post and
+rails, with a deep and yawning ditch upon the landing side. Three or
+four of us went at it: the rest turned away and sought the road. I got
+over safely, my noble Pleader proving himself, as usual, worthy of my
+confidence. Captain Dash came next, safely also; and then my
+ill-starred lady friend, whose horse (an inferior timber-jumper)
+bungled, and left her completely prostrate upon the wet earth. Never a
+pause did Captain Dash make in his onward career, although he glanced
+back when he heard her shriek, and, incredible as it may appear, I
+thought I saw him smile, for it was ever his saying that ladies had no
+business hunting, and always deserved mischance; but the poor man, at
+whose immersion she had laughed a few moments before, came running to
+her relief, rendered her every assistance in his power, replaced her in
+the saddle, expressed regret for her accident, and positively declined
+to accept of any remuneration for his services.
+
+Which of these men, think you, was the gentleman? I know what I thought
+respecting the question; and I judged that my friend's opinion was
+formed as mine, for she now loves and cares the poor, and suffers the
+rich to care themselves, as every true-hearted and Christian woman
+should; and, moreover, on glancing over a book of my poems which I lent
+her some time later, I found a leaf turned down, as though to mark
+these lines--
+
+    "What is a gentleman? Is it a thing
+    Decked with a scarf-pin, a chain, and a ring,
+    Dressed in a suit of immaculate style,
+    Sporting an eye-glass, a lisp, and a smile?
+    Talking of operas, concerts, and balls,
+    Evening assemblies, and afternoon calls,
+    Sunning himself at "at homes" and bazaars,
+    Whistling mazurkas, and smoking cigars?
+
+    "What is a gentleman? Say, is it one
+    Boasting of conquests and deeds he has done,
+    One who unblushingly glories to speak
+    Things which should call up a flush to his cheek?
+    One who, whilst railing at actions unjust,
+    Robs some young heart of its pureness and trust;
+    Scorns to steal money, or jewels, or wealth,
+    Thinks it no crime to take honour by stealth?
+
+    "What is a gentleman? Is it not one
+    Knowing instinctively what he should shun,
+    Speaking no word that could injure or pain,
+    Spreading no scandal and deep'ning no stain?
+    One who knows how to put each at his ease,
+    Striving instinctively always to please;
+    One who can tell by a glance at your cheek
+    When to be silent, and when he should speak?
+
+    "What is a gentleman? Is it not one
+    Honestly eating the bread he has won,
+    Living in uprightness, fearing his God,
+    Leaving no stain on the path he has trod?
+    Caring not whether his coat may be old,
+    Prizing sincerity far above gold,
+    Recking not whether his hand may be hard,
+    Stretching it boldly to grasp its reward?
+
+    "What is a gentleman? Say, is it birth
+    Makes a man noble, or adds to his worth?
+    Is there a family-tree to be had
+    Shady enough to conceal what is bad?
+    Seek out the man who has God for his Guide,
+    Nothing to blush for, and nothing to hide;
+    Be he a noble, or be he in trade,
+    _This_ is the Gentleman NATURE has made."
+
+Now, kind reader, farewell. If I have given you instruction, called a
+laugh to your lips, or taught you to prize and cherish the priceless
+creature which God has generously sent for our enjoyment and our use,
+I shall cheerfully lay aside my pen, happy in the conviction that I
+have not written in vain.
+
+Yet, shall I say in the song-words,
+
+    "_Au revoir. Pas adieu!_"
+
+for we meet again, I trust, soon and often; but the subject upon which
+I have been writing has come to an end.
+
+Whilst acknowledging the kindness of my friends, I would desire also
+to shake hands with my enemies. Life is short, and so it behoves us to
+bear no malice. To those who have unkindly criticised me I offer
+freely a forgiving hand and heart. I have never wilfully offended any,
+and if my efforts have not come quite up to the standard of excellence
+which certain captious critics have set up, I have at least done my
+best, and have been careful, in propounding theories which might
+appear new and uncommon, to state that such things were according to
+my notions, in which, however, I did not expect all persons to
+coincide. So long as the world lasts so long will there be differences
+of opinion; but it is not because such exist that ill-feeling should
+creep in, and Christian charity become a thing of nought. In ancient
+days, when the Apostles were upon the earth, these things were as they
+are now; yet the Great Example, to whose pure and simple teaching we
+all hopefully look, inspired the command, "_Let brotherly love
+continue._"
+
+So be it, reader, with you and with me.
+
+
+
+
+PART IV.
+
+HUNTING IN IRELAND.
+
+
+There is at present a mighty outcry in our poor land. Not against
+"battle, murder, and sudden death," landlord-killing, and "Boycotting,"
+but against our royal pastime--hunting. The tenant-farmers are
+uproarious in their opposition to it; and, with a headstrong
+determination which cannot be too strongly condemned, refuse to listen
+to the voice of the reasoner. We are but in the beginning of our
+season, yet is our prospect marred and our pleasure spoilt by the blind
+idiotcy, not of the few, but, unfortunately, of the many.
+
+They have but one cry, "You are ruining our grass-lands!" A more
+egregious error could not possibly exist. Is it wilful blindness or
+merely the desire to banish landlordism from the country which induces
+this senseless outcry? If the latter, there is unhappily every
+probability that the outcriers will succeed; if the former, there may
+be some hope of ultimately unclosing their sealed eyelids.
+
+A body of horsemen galloping over grassland during the hunting season
+can never occasion injury; it is simply an absurdity to endeavour to
+maintain a contrary theory. A great friend of mine and a most practical
+gentleman, who possesses a large common attached to his grounds, upon
+which he can, if desirable, exercise his horses, always prefers doing
+so throughout the winter upon his finest grass-land. He maintains, and
+correctly, that they do it an immensity of good, and once offered (to
+prove the correctness of his judgment) to give the use of the said land
+to the colonel of a cavalry regiment stationed in his vicinity--to do
+all his work upon throughout the winter months. The offer, after some
+demur, was accepted, and proved to be most advantageous to the
+land-owner.
+
+Being an enthusiastic follower of the Ward Union stag-hounds, I am
+enabled to state that I have galloped with them, in company with at
+least two hundred other riders, across the Ward Country and over the
+Fairyhouse lands, which are--as is well known--of a singularly wet and
+holding nature; and this not once, but many times throughout the
+season. Yet, so early as April, at which date the famous Fairyhouse
+races take place, no track or footmark can be seen upon the luxuriant
+grass. Again, when riding in winter through Phoenix Park, I have been
+struck by the state of mud to which it has been reduced through the
+frequent galloping of horses over its surface; yet, in summer it grows
+the finest grass, and is as smooth as a billiard-table. One day in
+June, three years ago, a grand Review was held there in honour of the
+Queen's birthday. A terrible shower came down--one of those mighty
+floods which can, in a few moments, transform a beauteous green sward
+into a hideous mass of unsightly mire and dirt. Those on foot ploughed
+patiently through it, sinking ankle-deep at every step; those upon
+horseback, myself included, churned it beneath their horses' feet,
+until not a trace was visible of the emerald carpet, which, one short
+hour before, had afforded firm footing for many thousands of
+spectators. Three weeks later, I rode through that park again; the
+velvety turf was green and fresh as ever, nor was there visible _one
+trace_ of the countless feet which had, as it were, waded over it so
+short a time before. The day upon which St. Stephen's Park was, through
+the princely generosity of Lord Ardilaun, opened to the public, was
+a wet, or at least a damp one, and thousands upon thousands of
+roughly-shod feet cut up the grassy sward; yet, in a few brief days, it
+was rich and verdant as before. Nor do I think there is in our noble
+Phoenix Park a more luxuriant stretch of grass-land than is "the nine
+acres" upon which polo players continually assemble.
+
+Having thus, then, endeavoured to prove that the galloping of horses
+is in no way injurious to pasture lands, I shall proceed to the
+consideration of other matters connected with the subject in question.
+
+If hunting in Ireland were abolished, then indeed might the cries of
+her children ascend heavenward, for I know not what would become of
+her! The gentry who are now resident landlords, maintaining large and
+costly establishments, would migrate to other countries and more
+genial climes. Servants would seek in vain for employment.
+Boot-makers, clothiers, saddlers, harness-makers, would find no
+custom. The farmer would sigh vainly for a price for his corn. Hay and
+straw would be a drug in the market. Hunting-lodges would remain
+unlet, growing mouldy with time and damp. Butchers, bakers,
+poulterers, butter-makers would be alike involved in one common ruin;
+for the houses of the gentry would be empty, and desolation would
+overspread the land! No buyers then for high-priced hunters and
+promising colts, which now command so high a figure; no merging of
+grades and mingling of classes in that happy contact which the
+hunting-field so well engenders; none of that delicious feeling of
+equality which the peer and the peasant seem alike to acknowledge
+whilst participating side by side in the dangers and excitement of the
+chase. All would be stillness, solitude, and gloom!
+
+Suffer me, then, to implore my countrymen and countrywomen to do all
+in their power to promote the pleasures of hunting. It must immensely
+benefit even those who do not actually participate in the sport,
+inasmuch as it brings rich and poor into happy contact, and causes a
+vast amount of money to be circulated, which enriches the pockets of
+the poorer classes, and brings grist to many a mill which would
+otherwise stand desolate, with disused and motionless wheel. To us who
+_do_ participate in it, there is no need for speech. Which of us does
+not know the pleasures of preparing for the glorious sport? the early
+rousing up from slothful slumber, the anxious outward glance at the
+weather, that fitful tyrant which makes or mars our enjoyment; the
+donning of hunting garments, the packing of sandwich boxes, the
+filling of flasks with whisky, or better, _far_ better, with strong
+cold tea; the cheery drive to the meet, the many happy faces assembled
+there, the greetings amongst friends, the praisings of the pack, the
+trot to the covert, the dashing of the hounds into the gorse, the
+sweet music which proclaims that Reynard is at home, the joyous sound
+of the "Gone away!" the hurry-scurry to be first and foremost in their
+wake, the anathemas hurled against those who are over-riding them, the
+tumbling at the fences, the picking up again, the drowning in the
+rivers, the fishing out by the wreckers, the maddening excitement of
+traversing an intricate country, the wild desire to be in at the
+death, the saving of our horses over holding lands, the riding of them
+up to their bridles where the going is good, the last mighty effort,
+the final fence cleared, and the canter up to where the huntsman is
+holding aloft the brush and mask, and the hounds are breaking up their
+fox! Who that has ever experienced these joys will be likely to forget
+them, or will fail to promote, by every means in his power, so
+health-giving and enlivening a sport?
+
+We have one very serious drawback to our hunting in Ireland, and,
+indeed, in many other places also--namely, wire fencing. I saw
+something of a tragic incident occur last season whilst hunting with
+the Meath hounds. We came up to an impassable fence, and all made for
+the gate, which was open; but the owner of the land rushed out from
+his dwelling, shut it in our faces, and insolently refused to allow us
+to pass. Threats and entreaties were alike vain. He called us every
+name in the calendar, and consigned us all to a very ugly place, in
+language which was certainly not parliamentary. Many of the field
+turned off and sought another way, but two or three of the bold ones
+charged the gate, and got over, clearing man and all! I and one other
+took the fence--a mad proceeding, which gave us both an ugly fall; but
+we scrambled up somehow, and succeeded in picking up the hounds. Late
+in the evening, whilst hunting another fox, he led us over the same
+identical ground, and a hard-riding gentleman, first at this mighty
+obstacle, charged it boldly, but, alas, with what a result! The farmer
+had, during our absence, run a stiff wire through the fence, which,
+catching the horse in the breast, turned him completely over, breaking
+the rider's arm, and otherwise severely injuring him. Some members of
+the hunt, seeing what had occurred, besieged the offender's dwelling,
+and he had an extremely uncomfortable ten minutes. I have heard
+persons aver that the man was badly treated, and that he had a perfect
+right to wire his fences if he so willed. Undoubtedly he had, if it
+were done openly and in such a way that the wiring could be discerned,
+but not, by petty treachery, to imperil the safety, if not the lives,
+of a large number of persons.
+
+My advice to farmers would be this; wire the fences if necessary; but,
+at the commencement of the hunting season, cut away, say twenty yards
+of the wiring at the poorest point of the field, and mark the spot
+with a pole and flag. Every rider would assuredly make for it as being
+the only jumpable place, and at the close of the season a few boys
+with five-grained forks would speedily set all to rights; nor can
+there be any doubt that the best crop in the field would be on that
+particular spot. Allowing even for a moment, for argument's sake, that
+expense, trouble, or loss might be thus occasioned, there is not a
+master of hounds in all Ireland--neither, I fancy, in any other
+country--who would not willingly and cheerfully indemnify the owner of
+the land. But so long as the world lasts, so long will there be
+blindness; and until the "happy hunting-grounds" are reached, horses
+and horsemen will be daily anathematised by the self-willed
+cultivators of our native soil.
+
+
+
+
+PART V.
+
+HUNTING IN AMERICA.
+
+
+There is a great land across the Atlantic where they do great things,
+and utter great sayings, and patent great inventions, and erect great
+buildings--and where, in short, the inhabitants beat us (as they
+themselves say) "all to fits!"
+
+A mighty nation they are, too--God prosper them as they deserve; but
+there is one thing at least in which we can say, without boasting, we
+are able to beat them, and that is, in our hunting. A fox-hunt in
+America is a very tame and inglorious proceeding, and one which
+decidedly would not come under our definition of "sport."
+
+American hunting differs in the first instance from ours, inasmuch as
+it is always a summer pastime. The extreme severity of the winters
+necessitates this, as during the cold season neither men nor horses
+can work.
+
+The disadvantages of summer hunting are of course numerous. The heat
+is excessive, and the crops are in the ground. Most of the American
+farmers and graziers own their land, and the greater number of them
+will not suffer hoofs to cross it. This is partly from a spirit of
+surly independence--partly from an ignorant determination to hold with
+stolid obstinacy to that most erroneous belief, that the galloping of
+horses is injurious to grass-lands. But, anyhow, the objection exists;
+and as it is vain to attempt to overrule it, a compromise is effected
+between hunting under difficulties and not hunting at all.
+
+The system pursued is this. A man--usually a stout-limbed peasant--is
+sent out, who drags an aniseeded bag across country, and over the
+lands and fences of such as will permit it, or who are themselves in
+the habit of joining in the chase. Then, when the field has assembled,
+the hounds are laid on, and work their way after the drag, a "bag-man"
+being provided to blood them at the finish. Sometimes the pack comes
+too close upon the dragger, and then a nasty scene ensues, which is
+pleasanter not described.
+
+Fortunately for men, horses, and hounds, hunting is but little
+indulged in throughout America. I mean, of course, fox-hunting, for I
+cannot attempt to cry down the many splendid and manly hunts of other
+descriptions in which the Americans carry off the palm.
+
+In many parts of the country--more especially in the States--the
+people so affect trotting-horses, that the matter has become a craze.
+It is a fact, which has more than once been proved, that four legs
+capable of carrying any sort of frame a mile in less than
+two-and-a-quarter minutes, will easily fetch a thousand pounds; and if
+the animal is in condition to repeat the performance several times in
+one day, his price will range correspondingly higher.
+
+The usual arrangement--very seldom varied--is that the "trots" shall
+be mile heats; and as the horses are, generally speaking, pretty well
+done up at the finish, owing to pace, excitement, and temperature,
+twenty minutes are allowed between each heat for "cooling off"
+purposes.
+
+When a horse is distanced in one of these trials, he is at once
+withdrawn; and the judges have the privilege, which they use, of
+distancing a horse for breaking--or, as we would say, commencing to
+run--which is, as may be supposed, a thing most difficult to prevent.
+
+Sometimes a racehorse is hitched double with a trotter. This is
+called, in American parlance, a running-mate. The runner takes all the
+weight and draft of the "sulky," and the trotter merely trots
+alongside of him. It requires a very level-headed horse to keep evenly
+to his trot, with a runner tearing away at sweeping pace beside him,
+and the trial is regarded as simply one of skill, and is rarely
+successful. A trotter who can coolly and evenly maintain his trot when
+hitched with a racer, can command for his owner any amount of money,
+even though he be in all other respects comparatively worthless.
+
+Races, of which many are held at Rhode Island, are as distinct as
+possible from trots. The courses are made circular; as much so, at
+least, as the lie of the land will permit, and are beautifully
+constructed, the grading being especially attended to. They are
+generally enclosed by a very high boarded fence, an admission fee
+being charged at the opening. This arrangement is found to answer
+admirably, as the amount demanded--although not an extravagant one--is
+sufficient to exclude a goodly number of racing roughs, whose interest
+in the sport is not more keen than their desire to investigate the
+contents of their neighbours' pockets.
+
+Trotting-tracks are constructed upon the same principles as
+race-courses, but the track is harder. Sometimes, however, although
+not frequently, races and trots are held over the same course, and
+when this is done the track is carefully softened for the races, by a
+harrowing process, which is most carefully carried out.
+
+Most of the hacks and hunters in use in America--a very large portion,
+at least, of the saddle-horses--are racers which have been rejected
+from the racing-stables. This is particularly the case at East
+Greenwich, and throughout the States. Some of these horses are
+"weeds," but a few of them are well worthy of the high prices given
+for them, being really splendid animals, in spite of the crabbing
+which they receive at the judge's hands before they are thrown out of
+the contest, and passed over to the proprietorship of dealers in
+hacks.
+
+Very fine horses of the hunter class are bred in Kentucky--the
+Yorkshire of America--and are sold at comparatively low rates. I saw a
+magnificent chestnut, seventeen two in height, with grand action, and
+so superbly ribbed-up and built as to be capable of carrying twenty
+stone, which had been sold there to an enterprising Irish speculator
+for three hundred and twenty dollars, a good deal less than eighty
+pounds of our money. The animal afterwards fetched upwards of six
+hundred guineas at Tattersall's, to carry a top-weight millionaire
+with the Whaddon Chase hounds. This was, however, an exceptional case,
+for it is not usually an easy thing, nor even possible, to make money
+by trading in Kentucky hunters. A few speculative European dealers
+have from time to time tried it, but their efforts have not been
+crowned with the anticipated reward, the reason being, that travelling
+expenses swallow up profits. Seven days and nights of constant
+journeying must be gone through before the animals are brought to the
+Atlantic sea-board; and then there is the crossing to encounter, with
+its cost and perils. Altogether, it is scarcely a profitable venture,
+and some who have embarked in it will, I know, be quite ready to
+endorse my opinions upon the subject.
+
+Stag-hunting used to be very prevalent in distant parts of America.
+Strangers traversing tracts of country north of the Ohio will be told
+this by guides and fellow-travellers, and will marvel that in such a
+district it could ever have been a popular sport. Anything more
+perilous it would be impossible to conceive, the "going" being
+principally up and down precipitous inclines, dotted at frequent
+intervals with huge boulders, half buried in the reedy grass, over
+which the horses blunder and stumble at almost every stride,--not
+unfrequently hurling their riders headlong down some dangerous ravine.
+
+Those who have enjoyed the very doubtful pleasure of hunting at the
+Cape, know something of the perils of the Mimosa tree, which grows
+there in such deadly luxuriance. A similar danger-trap exists in the
+stag-hunting districts of America, the long sharp thorns proving
+terribly destructive to the flesh of man and beast.
+
+It is almost impossible to escape these trees. They grow singly and in
+groups, with long, light, swaying branches, treacherously
+outstretched; and if an excited steed, or an unwary rider comes too
+near to one of them, no close-set company of razors could do more
+cruel injury, nor make greater havoc of saddlery and clothing.
+
+When we come to regard the question of district hunting in a
+comparative light, few will hesitate to admit that in spite of all the
+drawbacks consequent upon wire-fencing, fox-trapping, and
+hound-poisoning, there are worse countries to hunt in than dear old
+England; and we who know the sweet delights of a good gallop over rich
+grass-lands, dotted picturesquely with the harmless beech or elm, and
+with nothing more dangerous to negotiate than fair broad fences and
+five-barred gates, need never sigh for the yawning ravines of foreign
+hunting-grounds, with their treacherous boulders and dangerous
+Mimosas.
+
+
+
+
+CORRESPONDENCE.
+
+LADIES ON HORSEBACK.
+
+To the Editor of _The Illustrated Sporting and Dramatic News_.
+
+
+SIR,--I have read with keen interest the article on "Ladies on
+Horseback" in your last number. I find several things in it which
+differ from my preconceived ideas, but it is impossible not to
+perceive that the writer, Mrs. Power O'Donoghue, speaks from an
+experience which makes her an undoubted authority. With reference to
+safety-stirrups, for instance. I have always seen that the ladies of
+my family were provided with them, and your contributor's objection
+seems not to be based upon the mechanism of the stirrup when in proper
+order, but on the circumstance that it is "almost invariably stiff,"
+through neglect. I must admit that I have seen a lady hung up in a
+safety-stirrup; but surely it is possible to see that the stirrup will
+work before setting out for a ride or a day's hunting, and if the iron
+is large enough, so that "the padding over the instep" will not "cause
+the foot to become firmly embedded," are we to understand that the
+safety-stirrup is objectionable? Mrs. Power O'Donoghue has a poor
+opinion of "John the coachman, and Jem the groom," but I am lucky in
+having trustworthy people in my stable. What stirrup would your
+contributor have instead of the one with which so large a proportion
+of ladies ride? Another thing that I should like to know more about is
+the saddle recommended in the article. "Accustom yourself from the
+beginning to the use of a properly constructed saddle, made as
+straight as a board, no dip whatever," this writer says. Now I have
+never, so far as my recollection goes, even seen such a saddle, and
+may I ask what are the advantages of a thoroughly straight saddle, and
+what are the disadvantages of the inevitable slope or dip? I ask
+purely for information, for I am perfectly ready to submit my judgment
+and hitherto received notions to the dictum of a lady who is clearly
+so competent to treat the matter as your contributor. Would the lady
+have straight saddles also for men? is a question which incidentally
+occurs to me. I am far from supposing that a thing must be right
+because it is in general use, but there seem good reasons for the
+adoption of the ordinary shaped saddle, and I should be very glad if
+your contributor would let us know her reasons for departing from
+custom.
+
+Before concluding, let me thank you for a series of articles which
+cannot fail to be of value to those for whom they are intended.
+
+I am, Sir,
+
+Your obedient servant,
+
+H. DE V. R.
+
+                 *       *       *       *       *
+
+SIR,--I feel bound to answer the letter of "H. de V. R." which
+appeared in your journal of last week's issue. With regard to the
+"safety-stirrup," there could not be much objection to it if it were
+made sufficiently large to prevent the padding over the instep from
+causing the foot to become embedded; and if, likewise, some careful
+and competent person were ready and willing to give the machinery of
+it a thorough examination immediately before entrusting the safety of
+a lady to such an uncertain support. But how seldom is this the case?
+Servants--even the most careful--are, to say the least of it, apt to
+overlook these important details; and when the steed is led to the
+door the cavalier who is to escort the lady is too much occupied in
+admiring his fair charge, talking to her, arranging with her where
+they shall ride, fastening her gloves, or performing a like office for
+himself, to worry his head about such an apparently insignificant
+thing as her stirrup. Provided he ascertains that it is the required
+length, he troubles himself no further about it, and probably in nine
+cases out of ten the dandy youth would not even comprehend the meaning
+of the term "safety" as applied to the article in question. No doubt
+it often happens that an elderly father, a matter-of-fact husband, a
+phlegmatic uncle, or a careful brother may be upon the spot, with wits
+and hands ready to avert danger; but how frequently, also, is it the
+fashionable stripling who escorts the lady--a cousin, or a lover,
+perhaps--ignorant of all connected with riding, except the pleasure of
+it; or the booted and belted servant, who touches his hat, and thinks
+he has done his duty because the saddle is clean and the horse sleek
+and shiny; or the riding-master, who has come out in a hurry, anxious
+and flurried at the last moment to see that everything _looks_ right,
+and who has had no time to see after such minor accessories as
+stirrups, or has left the matter (if he thought of it at all) in the
+hands of the groom, who has left it alone altogether. This being the
+case, I maintain that a stirrup encumbered with machinery is unsuited
+to a lady, because, although she may have an escort who will look
+after it, there is the possibility that she may not have such good
+fortune. Moreover, a stirrup made sufficiently large to bear padding
+over the instep, and yet enable the foot to slip easily in and out,
+must of necessity be a considerable weight, and this alone would be an
+objection, especially to a hunting lady, who calculates to a nicety
+every ounce which her steed has to carry. I have said that a small
+racing, or jockey-stirrup, is the _nicest_ in which a lady can ride,
+and I am bound to adhere to my judgment.
+
+So much for the first portion of "H. de V. R.'s" letter. Now we come
+to the second.
+
+My "poor opinion of John, the coachman, and Jem, the groom," is based,
+not upon their untrustworthiness, but upon their want of capacity as
+teachers of the equine art. I have never yet, in all my experience,
+met with any servant who was capable of instructing a lady how to
+ride; yet I have been fairly astonished to find the contrary idea
+quite general amongst parents in the country, who fondly hope that
+their daughters may one day adorn a saddle and grace a hunting-field.
+"I shall have Mary and Jenny taught immediately now," said a lady to
+me one day in the course of last summer,--"They shall have a pony
+a-piece, and John (the groom) shall teach them." Of course, I said
+nothing, my principle of noninterference standing me in good stead;
+but when an hour or so later, I beheld the said John disporting
+himself, and showing off his equestrian skill upon one of the
+carriage-horses, I really felt pity for the two charming little girls
+who were so soon to be handed over to his doubtful tuition.
+
+And now for the third portion of your correspondent's letter: namely,
+the question of the straight saddle. "H. de V. R." says he has never
+seen any such; and I consider this extremely probable, for he will
+recollect my saying that a saddle such as I described should be made
+to order, as it is certainly not in general use--but I am not
+altogether singular in my advocacy of it. Peat and Co., Piccadilly, or
+Box and Co., Abbey Street, Dublin, will manufacture saddles of this
+description in excellent style, but only to order, for they have not
+yet found sufficient favour--or, to express it better, are not
+sufficiently known--to have become popular, and manufacturers
+therefore will not keep them in stock. The advantages of a straight
+saddle are manifold. Firstly, it is the only means by which a lady can
+learn the necessary art of riding from balance. This can be acquired
+by sitting _on_ a saddle, but never by sitting _in_ one. Secondly, she
+can, when riding upon a straight saddle, change and shift her
+position, which as a necessary consequence changes her weight upon the
+horse's back, and saves him from being galled. A noble lady wrote to
+me some time since, "I know not how it is; all my horses are laid up
+with sore backs; and yet my saddle is well padded." I guessed the
+secret at once; she was riding in a sort of well, or chair, from which
+her heavy weight could never for an instant shift, and hence the
+trouble of which she complained. I sent her a sketch of my saddle,
+with the address of the man who had made it, and she has since been a
+staunch upholder of my theory. Thirdly, the best figure in the world
+would look to disadvantage if seated in a saddle with a dip or slope;
+whereas a well-made woman, attired in a habit properly fitted about
+the waist and hips, never looks to such complete advantage as when
+sitting gracefully and at ease upon a well constructed straight-made
+saddle. Fourthly, if in taking an up-jump the horse misses his footing
+and struggles in an unsuccessful effort to recover himself, the lady
+may--if riding upon a straight saddle--succeed in slipping from it to
+a situation of comparative safety; but, if she has a high projection
+of iron and stiff leather just behind her, it bars her movement, and
+as a consequence the horse falls back _upon_ her, and catching her
+between his weight and the edge of the ditch or furrow, as the case
+may be, injures her spine, sometimes fatally, and frequently in a
+serious manner.
+
+The question, "Do I also advocate straight saddles for men's use?" is
+answered by my reminding "H. de V. R." that there is no analogy
+between a gentleman's position upon horseback and that of a lady. What
+would be a necessity, or at least a _luxury_, for the one would be
+eminently unsuited for the other. A man's superior activity and
+greater liberty of motion place him ever at an advantage. And whilst
+upon this subject I would strongly urge upon all humane riders,
+especially the male portion of them, to have their saddles made high
+_in front_, so as not to press upon the horse's withers, causing him
+much needless suffering. A space capable of accommodating at least two
+fingers should be between withers and saddle, and were this attended
+to we should see fewer skin abrasions and unsightly lumps upon poor
+submissive animals, and less of that stuffing of handkerchiefs between
+cruel leather and bleeding flesh which so frequently pains the
+sorrowing eyes of sensitive and pitying persons.
+
+I think I have now dealt fully with "H. de V. R.'s" letter, and must
+thank the writer of it for his complimentary observations, and his
+kindly appreciation of my labours in a cause which I certainly have
+very much at heart.
+
+Apologising for trespassing thus far upon your valuable space.
+
+I am, Sir,
+
+Yours obediently,
+
+NANNIE POWER O'DONAGHUE.
+
+October 12, 1880.
+
+                 *       *       *       *       *
+
+SIR,--Many readers of _The Illustrated Sporting and Dramatic News_
+hope that Mrs. Power O'Donoghue, in her very interesting letters upon
+"Ladies on Horseback," will touch fully on the most important thing,
+viz. "the ladies' horse." One sees ladies riding all sorts; some too
+big, some too small, some good shoulders and no backs, others just the
+reverse; not one out of twenty what it ought to be. Also, up to what
+weight should it be? What is the average weight of ladies, and the
+difference in ordinary dress to the habit? It is often said that,
+owing to the peculiar seat, the weight being all on one side, a lady
+tires a horse much more than a man; certainly you often see ladies'
+horses going short with the near hind leg, possibly from this cause.
+Could not the weight of side-saddles be reduced? Those used by the
+Empress of Austria could not have weighed 8 lb., and she was herself a
+light woman. Anything on this subject will interest many readers.
+
+I am, &c.
+
+EQUES.
+
+                 *       *       *       *       *
+
+SIR,--There is one point to which I should like to call the attention
+of the writer of the able and interesting articles on "Ladies on
+Horseback," which she appears to have altogether overlooked in her
+enumeration of the articles of a lady's riding attire. It is the use
+of a spur by lady equestrians. The recently invented lady's spur
+consists of one sharp point so constructed as not to injure the habit.
+In hunting, a spur is indispensable, and in park-riding is very
+desirable for a lady, who has so much less control over her horse than
+a man. Young girls just beginning to ride will find the use of a spur
+most beneficial in managing their steeds. Hired horses are never
+altogether to be trusted, and in the case of their showing temper or
+laziness, two or three pricks with a lady's spur will subdue them far
+more quickly than the application of a whip. I have more than once
+ridden a horse that was a confirmed jibber, and have always found a
+few determined thrusts with my spur, combined with an efficiently
+applied whip, never failed to bring him down. I confidently recommend
+all ladies, and especially young girls just beginning the art of
+equitation, to procure a lady's spur, and never to mount a horse
+without it.
+
+I am, &c.
+
+MABEL FLORENCE RAYNE.
+
+The Firs, Cheltenham,
+
+Oct. 18th, 1880.
+
+                 *       *       *       *       *
+
+SIR,--I suppose it would be impossible to advance any opinions to
+which there would not be objections raised, but I write, not in a
+cavilling spirit, but as one really anxious for information, to know
+whether Mrs. Power O'Donoghue would seriously advocate striking a
+horse between the ears when it rears. Surely such a thing would be
+exceedingly dangerous for any lady to attempt, and, as your
+correspondent is writing solely for ladies, I conclude she refers to
+them in the present instance. I feel very strongly upon this point,
+because an uncle of mine, some years ago, when out riding tried this
+experiment at the advice of a friend. The horse (not a vicious one)
+suddenly reared; my uncle loosened the reins and urged it forward, but
+finding this ineffectual, struck it violently between the ears with
+his hunting-whip. The animal, maddened, I presume, by the pain, reared
+straight on end and fell backward; its rider being a very agile man,
+slipped off sideways, and thus escaped nearly certain death; but had
+the rider been a lady instead of a gentleman the consequences must
+have been fatal; and with so light a switch as a lady usually carries,
+a blow between the ears could only serve to irritate without producing
+any good effect. I would ask one more question: Why does your
+correspondent so strongly object to the use of the "old-fashioned
+slipper" stirrup? I am rather curious on this point, because I have
+ever since the tender age of four, when my riding experiences began,
+used the shoe-stirrup, and I have always thought it so safe, because
+my foot slips out in a second. I am aware that it is extremely
+unfashionable, as in Rotton Row you hardly see a lady using it; but I
+keep to it still, not so much with the idea of its safety, but for
+comfort, especially in trotting. I find it extremely difficult to keep
+an iron stirrup from slipping back into the instep, and, being used to
+rise pressing on the toes, I think that rising from the instep is more
+difficult and doubles the exertion of trotting. In conclusion, I must
+express a hope that Mrs. Power O'Donoghue will not give me credit for
+writing in a spirit of unfriendly criticism; but as I am exceedingly
+fond of riding, I feel an interest in working out this subject to its
+fullest extent. I am sure all lady riders must feel grateful to Mrs.
+Power O'Donoghue for the valuable and useful instructions contained in
+her interesting letters, and one has only to pay a visit to the Row
+between 12 and 2 in the season, to see how much they are needed by the
+generality of the "ladies on horseback."
+
+I am, &c.
+
+EQUESTRINA.
+
+October 13th, 1880.
+
+                 *       *       *       *       *
+
+SIR,--Though not an "aggrieved stirrup-maker," it may not be out of
+place if I, as a saddler of many years' experience and a great lover
+of horses, offer a few comments on the "hints and instructions" set
+forth in your paper for the benefit of ladies on horseback, written by
+one of the sex who is evidently an authority on the subject she treats
+so ably. There is no doubt these articles will be read with great
+interest by very many ladies who desire to acquit themselves well on
+horseback, and also by their gentlemen friends who are anxious to
+conduce to the safety and comfort of their fair companions in that
+delightful exercise, but cannot have the same knowledge to impart the
+theoretical instructions now given by your lady writer, whose
+criticisms will therefore be valuable to both. In following her
+remarks, it occurs to me that I may perhaps venture on a little
+comment without being considered too intrusive. The objection taken to
+children riding is no doubt formed on good grounds, but I think that
+with care young ladies might be permitted at a much earlier age than
+sixteen to acquire some practice in the saddle; it is true that young
+girls are liable to curvature of the spine, when allowed to ride day
+after day on the same side of their pony, but I have understood that
+this danger is obviated by changing their position to the other side
+on alternate days, and I should be glad to learn what are the
+objections to this. It seems to me rather desirable that ladies should
+have equal facility in riding on either side, but there may be reasons
+against it of which I am ignorant. This lady says that the nicest
+bridle for a beginner is a plain ring-snaffle, but states further that
+few horses will go in it; the latter remark, if correct, (which I
+should venture to doubt), raises a fatal objection to the
+ring-snaffle, as I fear that not one young lady in twenty, under
+amateur teaching, would be put upon a perfectly trained nag, desirable
+as this must be; and thus an ordinary stout mouth plain snaffle, or
+plain bar with single rein, would surely be preferable. I fancy it
+would be found of much advantage if riding was taught in the first
+instance without the use of reins at all, the horse simply being led
+by an attendant; the learner thus gets a proper balance, without
+depending on the bridle for support, as many are found to do. For a
+young girl I should like to know what is the objection to a pad, or
+pilch as they are called, made for use on either side. These, having
+no tree, are nearly level, but there is perhaps a chance of its
+turning round if the rider does not sit straight; for a grown girl,
+the properly made saddle is better every way. In common with your
+correspondent "H. de V. R.," I fail quite to understand how a
+side-saddle is to be made "as straight as a board." A saddle is made
+on a foundation, or tree, of wood and iron, which should be shaped for
+the back intended to bear it, and must be raised slightly in front for
+the wither and behind to clear the backbone; but it is right that the
+seat should be as level as possible. This is probably the lady's
+meaning. It is very essential that the saddle should fit the horse
+correctly and be of suitable size and shape for the rider; the former
+consideration is too often overlooked and thus entails discomfort to
+both. There are saddles, and saddles, as ladies often find to their
+cost. A very large proportion in use here, and more abroad, are put
+together in Birmingham and Walsall on the slop system; they will
+please the eyes of an inexperienced purchaser, but are formed with
+little regard to the requirements of the poor animals who suffer under
+them, or of their riders' comfort, and it is probable that these are
+the saddles against which ladies are very properly warned. It is
+really indispensable for a lady's comfort in riding that she should
+have a good saddle, made by a competent and conscientious saddler,
+whose business it is to see that it is suitable. Considering the
+number of years that a good saddle with care will last, it is
+inconceivable that the comparatively small additional price should be
+grudged for a perfect and satisfactory article by a maker of repute,
+instead of the machine-made slop rubbish, by which many a good animal
+is injured and the temper of his rider seriously chafed. Enough about
+saddles for the present, so I will go to the next point under
+discussion--the stirrup. Your lady rider must have been very
+unfortunate in her use of the safety-stirrup, which, in my opinion,
+does in practice usually justify its name. I have known very many
+instances in which ladies have owed immunity from serious accident to
+its use. As "H. de V. R." justly says, the mechanism of the stirrup
+(which is very simple) should not be allowed to get out of order by
+neglect; surely the lady or her friends, particularly if so
+"knowledgeable" as the writer of the article, might [They "_might_."
+That they so often do not, and that danger so frequently results from
+the neglect, is the grievance and complaint of our contributor.--ED.
+_I.S. & D.N._] take the trouble personally to see that her stirrup is
+not out of order from rust, and in no other way but one can it be so;
+the other way is that if the groom ignorantly or carelessly adjusts
+the stirrup for use hind part before, the inner stirrup cannot be
+released, and the rider's foot, in case of a fall, will be helplessly
+fixed in the stirrup. This eventuality, however, does not detract from
+the real value of the safety-stirrup, for neglect and ignorance will
+entail direful consequences in all ways. Next to the safety-stirrup, I
+quite believe that a plain steel stirrup of suitable size, with side
+pieces at the bottom to take sharp pressure off the foot, is the most
+suitable for ladies' use, and I always condemn the small padded
+stirrup, which is, indeed, a fruitful source of danger to lady riders.
+
+With the rest of Mrs. O'Donoghue's dissertation I cordially agree, and
+believe it would be beneficial if both men and ladies practised riding
+without the aid of the stirrup; and the same rule applies to and is
+generally practised by men, as I saw a few days ago on a German
+barrack-ground, where an awkward squad was being trained in that
+manner. The art of putting a lady up is one that should be practised
+more than it is by horsemen; my first attempt resulted in the lady
+slipping down again, and on my hat, which suffered even more than my
+self-esteem. On one occasion in the Crimea, years ago, I was riding
+with a lady and her husband, the former dismounted at Mrs. Seacole's
+for refreshment, and on being put up again by her husband with more
+vigour than skill, the poor lady was sent over her horse's back to the
+ground on the other side, and being somewhat portly, was shaken
+severely. I fear many ladies have suffered in the same way from the
+awkwardness of their attendants, but I have seen ladies so agile as to
+mount from the ground without assistance--rather a difficult feat, and
+requiring much practice. Having trespassed so much on your space I
+must not proceed further now, but shall be happy to air my notions
+again, if agreeable to your readers and riders.
+
+Yours, &c.
+
+JERMYN.
+
+                 *       *       *       *       *
+
+SIR,--My papers entitled "Ladies on Horseback" have called forth many
+letters. Some of these you have printed, some have been forwarded to
+me from your office, and many have been received at my own house. I
+shall regard it as a favour if you will permit me to reply to a few of
+them through the medium of your paper, as in answering one I shall
+answer many who have written upon the same subject.
+
+J. V.--When the horse took head with me and leaped into the farm-yard
+(as depicted by Mr. Sturgess) I had no way of getting out except by
+the passage and kitchen of the farm-house, as the gates of the yard
+were locked, and the owner of the place--who was away at the
+neighbouring town--had the key in his pocket.
+
+EQUES.--The reason why ladies ride "all sorts of horses" is that
+comparatively few keep horses of their own, and those who are without
+them and are fond of riding, jump eagerly at the offer of a friend's
+mount, whether it be suitable or otherwise. A nice horse for a lady
+may be thus described: Height about 15-3; Colour dark bay or brown,
+well-set sloping shoulders, good back, arched loins, firm and graceful
+neck, small head and ears, shapely clean-cut legs, and good firm feet.
+A horse of this description will be well up to 13 or 14 st. For a
+heavy weight an animal should be selected with a short wide back,
+powerful quarters, big healthy hocks, and stoutly-built fore-legs. The
+_average_ weight of ladies is about 9st. Summer costume and riding
+gear would weigh about equally, but velvet or sealskin would outweigh
+a habit. A lady seated upon a properly-made saddle, if she has been
+well taught, will never have her weight "all on one side." The reason
+why horses go short with the near hind leg is because ladies ride from
+the stirrup, leaning their full weight upon it, and galling the
+animal's back. The stirrup is meant to assist, not to _support_, the
+rider. Old-fashioned side-saddles are all too heavy; but a
+well-constructed modern saddle can scarcely be improved upon. It is a
+mistake to ride in too light a saddle, as it brings the weight of the
+body too near the horse's back. That used by the Empress of Austria
+weighed 12 lbs., which is about a correct standard.
+
+LADYBIRD.--Nobody who has any regard for life and limb now rides
+through Dublin. All wise persons gave it up when pavement and
+tram-lines made the city what it is. Consequently the park is
+deserted, and only a solitary horseman is seen in Stephen's Green.
+
+INQUIRER.--The shoe should be made to _fit the foot_. It is most
+cruel, and is a fruitful source of lameness, to pare the foot away to
+make it fit a ready-made shoe. If you cannot trust your farrier,
+change him. This advice also applies to JAMES R., but I do not
+undertake to answer questions respecting the treatment or management
+of the horse.
+
+MABEL FLORENCE RAYNE.--I had not forgotten nor overlooked the
+important uses of the spur. You will find the subject treated in my
+papers upon hunting and hunting-costume. I do not, however, _at all_
+approve of its use for beginners, as such are certain, through
+nervousness, to press the left heel close to the horse's side, and, if
+furnished with a spur, would cause him much needless pain and
+irritation, besides endangering their own safety.
+
+ROBERT KEATING.--Best thanks for letter and papers.
+
+G. ELLIOT.--For riding with a bit and bridoon, place a rein between
+each finger of your left hand, and hold them securely with your thumb,
+reserving your right hand for your whip; or take your reins in both
+hands, and ride your horse upon the curb, or snaffle, according to his
+temperament. For riding with a single rein, place the near leather
+under your little finger and the off one between the first and second
+fingers, which is as good a way as any; but I have already said that
+there is no fixed rule for holding reins, and a good rider will
+constantly change them about, and move the bridle in her horse's
+mouth, which prevents him hanging upon his bit.
+
+JANE CARR.--I scarcely know whether to regard your letter as a
+compliment or the reverse. My labours have been _totally_ unassisted;
+nor has my experience of this world shown me that its occupants are
+sufficiently philanthropic to labour that another may reap the merit
+and the reward.
+
+L. K.--The subject is not within my province. Mayhew's _Horse
+Management_, published by Allen & Co., 13, Waterloo Place, London, is
+the best I can recommend.
+
+HUNTSMAN.--It is for ladies I am writing.
+
+ELEANOR.--Thanks; but if I adopted one half of the suggestions
+offered, a strange result would ensue. Happily my papers went to press
+without _anybody_ (save the Editor) having had a glance at them. He
+generously accepted them upon their merits; but had I shown them to
+others I should either have altered something in every second line or
+have given offence to numerous well-meaning persons. When I was a
+child I committed to memory the inimitable fable of "The Miller, his
+Son, and his Ass," and have taken the moral of it as a guide through
+life.
+
+GOODALL.--A short hunting-crop without a lash would do.
+
+EQUESTRINA.--If a horse rears with me in a vicious manner I hit him
+between the ears, but I do not by any means expect my readers to
+coincide in all my views, and those who know a better plan can, of
+course, adopt it. If an animal rears slightly I lean forward against
+his neck, touch him with my heel, and speak to him. If he persists,
+and I see any danger of his falling back, I hit him between the ears
+with the butt-end of my whip, not sufficiently heavily to "madden
+him," nor even to cause him the least pain, but to occasion him to
+duck his head, which he invariably does; and if at that instant I hit
+him sharply with my heel, he drops at once and lashes out behind.
+Allowing for a moment that such a mode of action may be open to
+objection, is it not better (seeing that it is frequently efficacious)
+than sitting quietly and permitting one's-self to be fallen back upon,
+without making any effort to avert the catastrophe? My objection to
+the slipper-stirrup is founded on the knowledge that it encourages
+ladies to lean their weight upon it. "It feels so comfortable," I
+heard a lady say, "so like a resting-board beneath my foot, that I
+_cannot help_ riding from it." An iron stirrup with the foot well home
+is the proper thing to ride in; and remember it is from the instep and
+_not_ from the toes that you should rise. The iron should meet the
+waist of the boot-sole, and a long flat heel (I do not mean one of
+those atrocities known as a _high_ one) should be worn on the boot.
+
+JERMYN.--Your letter almost answers itself. The pad or pilch _is_ apt
+to turn round, for it is only one little girl in twenty who sits
+straight. You judge my meaning rightly about the straight saddle, but
+I opine that it is the stuffing which should be arranged to guard the
+backbone from pressure, and that it is in no way necessary to raise
+the _seat_ at the back. I must again say, for the third time, that a
+plain ring-snaffle is the _nicest_ for a lady's use, and also maintain
+my opinion that few horses will go in it, according to _my_ ideas of
+"going." A horse who goes well in a ring-snaffle must have a perfect
+temper and a perfect mouth, a combination as rare in the equine as in
+the human tribe. For ordinary hunters and roadsters I do not recommend
+it, simply because they will not go in such a bridle; but I shall ever
+hold to my opinion that it is the nicest and the least puzzling for a
+beginner.
+
+KATIE.--Not worth denying. It is one of those worthless untruths which
+I have long since learned to treat with contempt.
+
+LIVERPUDLIAN.--Your suggestion is so good that I shall certainly adopt
+it. Nothing could be better adapted for riding in than a warm jersey,
+buttoned in front. Being elastic it would allow full play for the arms
+and shoulders, and would also display a good figure to advantage. If
+you, or some other, would only get up a sufficient amount of courage
+to turn a deaf ear to the hateful and oft-recurring "What will be
+said?" we might have many useful and elegant innovations of which at
+present we know nothing.
+
+YOUNG WIFE.--There can be no impropriety in what you say. "Honi soit
+qui mal y pense?" So long as you have a good conscience and your
+husband's approval you need care little for what the world says.
+
+X. Y. Z., DASHAWAY, and COUNTRYMAN.--I cannot reply to your letters.
+
+Thanking you, Sir, for your kindness in granting me so much of your
+valuable space,
+
+I am, &c.
+
+NANNIE POWER O'DONOGHUE.
+
+October 25.
+
+                 *       *       *       *       *
+
+SIR,--The "recently-invented lady's spur," mentioned in your last
+issue by "Mabel Florence Kayne," was patented towards the close of the
+last century, and illustrations of it, and of other spurs on the same
+principle, can be seen at the Patent Office. I quite concur in the
+recommendation that a lady should always wear a spur, and it will be
+seen from the last article by Mrs. Power O'Donoghue that a spur forms
+part of her hunting equipment; but I strongly advise ladies to wear a
+spur with a rowel having only five points, which should be long and
+sharp. The spur with one point and a spring sheath is commonly sold by
+saddlers for ladies' use, but is liable to break or get out of order,
+and is always discarded in favour of the one with a five-pointed rowel
+by ladies who have tried the latter. Mrs. Power O'Donoghue is doing
+good service to ladies by protesting against the stirrups facetiously
+so-called "safety." I always advise a lady to use a perfectly plain
+steel stirrup, but a tolerably heavy one. Why cannot the stirrup be
+attached to a lady's saddle in the same manner as to a gentleman's?
+Then, in case of accident, the stirrup and leather would come away
+together. An excellent bit for a lady's horse is a curb-bit, suspended
+in the horse's mouth by two large rings, to which the snaffle-reins
+are also attached. This bit is very light or very severe, at the
+rider's wish.
+
+I am, &c.
+
+SOUTHERN CROSS.
+
+October 26, 1880.
+
+                 *       *       *       *       *
+
+SIR,--Continuing my remarks on this subject, I am bound to say that
+your contributor gives sufficient answer to the question of the
+safety-stirrup in explaining that the objection is removed providing
+the inner stirrup is large enough for the foot to be easily
+extricated; the stirrup being made in three different sizes, this is a
+matter easily adjusted. The shoe-stirrup referred to by "Equestrina"
+was in use by ladies for many years, and in point of safety I think no
+objection can be raised to it; the same shape of stirrup is much
+affected by men in South America.
+
+The instructions in Part Second of Mrs. Power O'Donoghue's writings
+are very admirable, except that I do not see the utility of a lady's
+striking a rearing horse between the ears, with the few ounces of whip
+usually carried. I have known men do so with a loaded whip, and
+knocking a horse down to cure him of this vice, but it would be
+scarcely advisable for a lady to try this. I am rather surprised to
+see it stated as a fact that both rearing and plunging maybe entirely
+prevented by using the so-called anti-rearing bit martingale. It
+certainly may prevent rearing on the first attempt if the horse's head
+is kept down tightly by this martingale attached to the breastplate,
+but as the latter is seldom worn except for hunting, it cannot be
+intended to recommend it for that purpose, for it would infallibly
+follow that the fixed martingale would bring both horse and rider to
+grief at the very first fence they attempted to clear, and if the
+horse had sufficient liberty of action to jump freely, the martingale
+would be no obstruction to his rearing. I know from my own experience
+that a horse can be knocked down by a blow on the head. I was once
+doing a little private mounted practice at sword exercise, preparatory
+to a prize competition, and grasping my sword with thick gloves on,
+the weapon somehow turned in my hand, caught my mare below the ear on
+the bridle-hand, and knocked her completely off her legs, to our
+mutual amazement, though no great harm was done. I do not see what
+analogy there can be between the powerful Chifney bit and a rearing
+martingale; the effect of the latter may be secured by attaching a
+split martingale, with leather or spring billets, to the mouth-rings
+of any bit in use, snaffle or Pelham; but I believe that a horse can,
+if determined, rear all the same, and it certainly would not prevent
+plunging or bucking. For a restive or jibbing horse in saddle I have
+always found a short running martingale very useful; the rider should
+shorten and lower the right rein well down the horse's shoulder, apply
+the right leg and spur sharply, and turn the horse round like a
+teetotum until he is dizzy, then give him both spurs when his head is
+in the right direction. This will set him going before he knows where
+he is, and is a practice I have found very efficacious, but not easily
+applicable by ladies.
+
+On the subject of bits, my own favourite is the Hanoverian Pelham; it
+will generally hold the strongest puller, and, with a light hand, I
+have never met a horse that would not face it. For show or park riding
+there is none better; it is, however, not suited to those who trust to
+the bridle-reins for their balance in the saddle.
+
+"Eques" inquires "what is the average weight of ladies?" This is a
+difficult query, but as ladies ride at all weights between six and
+eleven stone, with a margin each way, I should suppose the average
+would be about 8-1/2 stone, exclusive of saddle, &c. A lady who is an
+indifferent rider would throw more weight on one side than the other,
+one cause of so many sore backs from side-saddles; but a thoroughly
+good horsewoman would sit with as level a balance as a man. The weight
+of good modern side-saddles is much reduced, but they cannot well be
+made under 14 lb., with furniture, and are usually considerably more.
+If the Empress of Austria uses a saddle of 8 lb. only (as some have
+averred), she must ride on a man's steeplechase-saddle, which perhaps
+would not be a difficult performance for a lady who is said to be in
+the habit of driving four-in-hand.
+
+I am much impressed by the recital of your contributor's adventures
+and hair-breadth escapes on the saddle, particularly on the occasion
+she refers to when invited by a friend to ride the big bay horse. If
+the friend was a gentleman, I must repeat the opinion I heard
+expressed by a lady when reading the article--that any man who would
+wilfully expose a woman to risk her life on such a brute behaved
+disgracefully. There is no object in creation to my mind more
+attractive than a graceful woman controlling with ease a fine and
+well-trained horse; but no one with due respect for the sex would wish
+to see her taking the place of a rough rider.
+
+Yours, &c.
+
+JERMYN.
+
+                 *       *       *       *       *
+
+SIR,--Although I care nothing for anything that may be said about
+myself, I am ever loyal to my friends, and it seems to me hard that
+one of the truest of them should be spoken of as having "behaved
+disgracefully" by a writer who, with more impetuosity than judgment,
+jumps at conclusions without waiting to hear the truth. When I was
+riding homeward after the leap into the farm-yard, I met the owner of
+the horse upon the road, driving out with a friend. The moment he
+heard what had occurred he took me off the animal, changed my saddle
+to the very quiet horse he was driving, and actually, after nearly an
+hour's delay, succeeded in putting the harness upon the "big bay,"
+and, having done so, drove him home regardless of his own safety, or
+rather of his danger, which was imminent. I do not think there are
+many men at his time of life, and in his delicate state of health, who
+would have done the same thing rather than chance a second runaway. He
+had _no_ reason to suppose that any such thing would, in the first
+instance, have happened, and I believe it was attributable to the fact
+that the horse had been ridden a day or two previously by a very wild
+rider, who had spoilt his mouth and manners, and who subsequently
+apologised to me for having been the cause of what occurred. I might
+have mentioned all this before, and certainly should have done so had
+I thought that such necessity should have arisen. I would remind
+"Jermyn" that my observations respecting the martingale were confined
+to my papers on _road-riding_, not on hunting, and would also thank
+him, with my best obeisance, for calling me a rough-rider.
+
+I am, Sir,
+
+Yours obediently,
+
+NANNIE POWER O'DONOGHUE.
+
+October 31, 1880.
+
+                 *       *       *       *       *
+
+SIR,--I must, in justice to myself, ask you to be so kind as to grant
+me space in your influential journal to reply to the very serious
+charge "Jermyn" brought against me in your issue of the 30th of the
+past month. I am the friend who asked Mrs. Power O'Donoghue to ride
+"the big bay," and yet I believe that nobody in all the world has a
+higher esteem for that lady, nor a truer regard for her safety than I
+have. Indeed there are few men in Ireland (if one) worth being called
+the name, who would not willingly lay down their own lives rather than
+imperil the life of one so universally beloved. The horse up to the
+day of the runaway had been perfectly quiet and most easily managed.
+He carried me two seasons to hounds, never making a mistake nor
+pulling in the least. Not being able to ride, having shortly before
+met with a very serious accident, I lent "the big bay" to a
+hard-riding young officer for a day's hunting. He unfortunately must
+have made too free use of his long-necked spurs, and, totally unknown
+to me, ruffled the horse's temper; the animal remembering the
+treatment he received, and finding but a feather on his back, when
+excited by the music of the hounds, overpowered his rider; but, thank
+Heaven, no serious accident occurred. I was unutterably shocked and
+distressed on hearing of the occurrence, and may state that on the day
+in question I was driving in my dog-cart, accompanied by a gentleman
+(late an officer in Her Majesty's service) who can vouch for the truth
+of my statement, when Mrs. O'Donoghue came up to me and told me of her
+very narrow escape. I did not hesitate an instant to say, "I will take
+out the horse I am driving. You know him to be a perfect mount, and I
+will put 'the big bay' in my trap." The lady did not wish me to do so,
+knowing the risk I ran in putting a horse in harness that had never
+been in such before. I at last succeeded in prevailing on her not to
+lose the day's sport, changed the saddle with great difficulty, and
+attached "the big bay" to my dog-cart; after a few plunges and an
+endeavour to get away, he settled down, and has since gone grandly. My
+friend, though a very bold man, would not get in with me for some
+time. I hope after this explanation your correspondent will be
+sufficiently generous to allow that I did all in my power to insure
+the safety of a most precious life. With regard to the term
+"rough-rider," as applied by "Jermyn" to Mrs. O'Donoghue, I feel
+assured if he knew the lady he would not for worlds have used such an
+expression.
+
+I am, Sir,
+
+Your most obedient servant,
+
+ONE WHO HAS RIDDEN TO HOUNDS FOR OVER SIXTY YEARS.
+
+                 *       *       *       *       *
+
+SIR,--I should by no means recommend a young lady to wear a spur when
+learning in a riding-school, but from my own experience I strongly
+advise all girls beginning to ride on the road never to mount their
+steeds without a sharp spur on their left boot. The second time I went
+out riding, when I was fourteen, my cob, startled by some noise,
+suddenly began to rear and pitch vigorously. I applied my whip sharply
+across his flank, but without effect. I then gave him a series of
+sharp pricks with my spur, which completely subdued him. Had I been
+without a spur I should probably have been thrown and severely
+injured. I should certainly prefer a spur with a rowel as "Southern
+Cross" recommends, but would it not be apt to tear the habit?
+
+I am, &c.
+
+MABEL FLORENCE RAYNE.
+
+The Firs, Cheltenham,
+
+November 1, 1880.
+
+                 *       *       *       *       *
+
+SIR,--A correspondent in your last number advises ladies to use a
+rowel spur, with five prongs, long and sharp, so, as a friend of
+horses, I am inclined to write an objection to their taking this
+advice. In the first place, from the nature of a lady's seat, her
+armed heel would often unintentionally irritate and annoy the horse;
+and in the second place many would probably use this instrument of
+torture too severely, and therefore cruelly. A rowel spur, with five
+long and sharp prongs--in fact, a jockey's spur--is a much more severe
+instrument than is required for ordinary riding, either by man or
+woman, and the advantage of the ladies' bore spur is, that it can only
+be applied when intended, and then is quite sufficiently severe. I
+have no objection to ladies, who are good horsewomen, wearing a spur,
+and using it, too, as severely as necessary, but I have great
+objections to any unnecessary pain or annoyance being given to my
+friends, the horses. Another lady correspondent of yours says that a
+spur is quite indispensable for hunting. If she means that it should
+always be worn in case it is required, I agree; but I have ridden a
+courageous high-tempered horse for years with hounds without ever
+using the spur.
+
+I am, &c.
+
+FAIR PLAY.
+
+Glasgow, 1st November 1880.
+
+                 *       *       *       *       *
+
+SIR,--As the subject of spurs and other riding equipment for ladies
+seems at the present time to occupy and interest many of your fair
+readers, permit me, on behalf of my sisters, who are horsewomen of
+some experience, both at home and in the colonies, and who have
+practically tried most known riding-costumes, to recommend, through
+the medium of your columns, the following as a comfortable and
+serviceable riding-dress for a lady, for long country rides, picnics,
+&c.; of course not for the Park, or a lawn meet. Habit--a short,
+strong hunting-skirt, short enough to walk in with comfort, with
+jacket of same cloth as skirt, made loose enough to admit of a jersey
+being worn under it if required; a wide leather belt for the waist,
+fastening with a buckle. This belt will be found a great comfort and
+support when on horseback for many hours. Hat of soft felt, or a
+melon-shaped hat. Pantaloons of chamois leather, buttoning close at
+the ankles. Hussar or Wellington boots, reaching to about four inches
+of the knee, to be worn over the pantaloons, made of Peel leather with
+_moderate_-sized heels, tipped with brass, and soles strong but not
+thick. A leather stud should be sewn on the left boot, about 2-1/2
+inches above the heel, on which stud the spur should rest, and thus be
+kept in its place without tight buckling. The spur found to be the
+most useful after the trial of many is a rowel spur of plated steel,
+about two inches to two and-a-half inches long, strong and light,
+hunting shape, and fastened with a strap and buckle, the foot-strap of
+plated steel chain. This chain foot-strap looks neater than a leather
+one, and does not become cut or worn out when on foot on rough or
+rocky ground. The rowel pin is a screw pin; thus the rowel can be
+changed at pleasure, and a sharp or a blunt one fitted as is required
+by the horse one rides. The spur I mention can be obtained of Messrs.
+Maxwell & Co., Piccadilly, London; or of Mr. Thompson, saddler, Dawson
+street, Dublin.
+
+Some ladies affect two spurs--one, the right, being fitted with a
+blank rowel; this is, of course, for appearance sake when dismounted.
+I have not often seen two spurs worn. I am not alluding to Miss Bird's
+riding-costume, as described in her books, _Life in the Sandwich
+Islands_ and _The Rocky Mountains_. She rode _a la cavaliere_, in a
+Mexican saddle, and wearing big rowel Mexican spurs, and appears from
+her account to have preferred this style of riding to the modern style
+and side-saddle. Some years ago I saw a photograph of the Queen of
+Naples (I think in 1860), representing the queen mounted _a la
+cavaliere_, wearing a high felt hat, a long white cloak,
+patent-leather jack-boots, and gilt spurs. Can any of your readers
+inform me if this style of riding for ladies is a custom of Southern
+Italy as well as Mexico and the Sandwich Islands?
+
+I am, &c.
+
+JACK SPUR.
+
+                 *       *       *       *       *
+
+SIR,--I cannot regret that my letter has given the authoress of this
+work, and also the owner of the "big bay" horse, an opportunity of
+explaining the circumstances attending her mount on that puissant but
+headstrong animal, and of repudiating the erroneous construction put
+upon it, as probably the same idea may have occurred to many other
+readers of the anecdote, who may not have cared to express their
+sentiments. I must say, however, that I am very sorry if my remarks
+occasioned pain to either of your correspondents. The explanation
+given shows clearly that no blame was really attributable to the
+gentleman who offered the mount, and I can well believe he never
+dreamt of danger with the horse in such skilful hands. No one would
+doubt the sincerity of the statement given, that the horse was put in
+harness for the first time and driven away, after such an experience
+of his temper; but it speaks more highly for the courage than
+discretion of his owner, and I can well understand the friend's
+hesitation to share the driving-seat, for there are few things more
+trying to the nerves than to sit behind a determined bolter. Perhaps I
+write feelingly, having been in that predicament myself three years
+ago, resulting in a fractured hip and permanent lameness. I will most
+certainly admit that the chivalrous gentleman did all, and more than
+was necessary, to avert further peril to the lady who had so narrow an
+escape. As for the obnoxious term "rough rider," to which exception is
+taken, it was intended to be used generally and not individually; if
+it has unfortunately happened that Mrs. Power O'Donoghue, whom I have
+never had the pleasure of seeing, took it in a personal sense, I most
+sincerely beg her forgiveness, and will ask her rather to accept, as
+applicable to herself, the earlier remarks about ladies on horseback
+at the conclusion of my letter, and the assurance of my belief that
+such a gentlewoman as she is described could never be a _rough_ rider
+in any way.
+
+I am, &c.
+
+JERMYN.
+
+                 *       *       *       *       *
+
+SIR,--The spur with a five-pointed rowel was strongly recommended for
+ladies' use many years ago in the _Queen_, and is worn by many: it
+does not tear the habit, and is not more severe than the spring-sheath
+spur with a point of the same length, as only one point of the rowel
+can prick the horse at a time; indeed, it is not so severe, as it can
+be applied with a very slight touch, which generally is all that is
+required, whilst the spring-sheath spur must be applied with
+sufficient force to overcome the resistance of the spring, with the
+result that the horse is often more sharply pricked than the rider
+intends. The points of a lady's spur should be long enough to be
+effective if the skirt of the habit intervenes, as, with any
+arrangement, it sometimes will do, when, if the points are too short,
+the horse does not feel it. I dissent from the statement of "Fairplay"
+that, "from the nature of a lady's seat, her armed heel would often
+unintentionally irritate and annoy her horse." If applied to a clumsy
+rider the statement is accurate, but a lady who is a moderately good
+rider has no difficulty in keeping her foot in the proper position,
+and a lady's left foot should be in the same position as a man's;
+whilst, as a lady has the third crutch to steady her left leg, she has
+less excuse than a man would have for the unintentional use of the
+spur; but this evil carries its own antidote, for the lady would soon
+perceive the result of the irritation, and become more careful. The
+best way to cure a boy of turning out his toes and holding on with his
+heels is to give him a pair of long-necked spurs, and then put him on
+a fidgetty horse; a few minutes' experience teaches him more than a
+month of lecturing. I never knew of a mishap occurring to a lady
+through accidentally spurring her horse, but I have known many
+instances of ladies being put to great inconvenience and annoyance
+through not wearing a spur, and I do not understand why a lady should
+be more likely than a man to use it with undue severity. That it is an
+advantage to a lady is clearly shown by the fact that a lady who once
+tries one always continues its use. "Fairplay" is also mistaken about
+the spring-sheath spur, for it is as readily applied as any other,
+though more force is required, which is objectionable, and especially
+so in park riding, when the spring of the horse to an unintentionally
+sharp application betrays the action of the rider. I claim to be as
+good a friend of horses as "Fairplay," but I have some regard for the
+rider as well as for the horse, and I consider that, whilst we are
+justified in riding horses, we are justified in using such reasonable
+aids as we find most satisfactory to ourselves; and I have no sympathy
+with anyone who objects to a lady availing herself of the convenience
+and assistance so readily supplied by a judiciously-used spur, which
+every horseman knows cannot, in very many cases, be obtained by any
+other means, and which he never hesitates to avail himself of. In
+these days of locomotion a lady loses a great deal of the pleasures of
+travelling, and of the opportunities of seeing the countries she may
+visit, unless she can and will ride such horses as she may meet with
+in those countries; and even in the rural districts of England there
+is many an old nag of the "Proputty Proputty" type, which (though not
+possessed of the special points of a lady's horse--"Oh! such a lovely
+mane and tail") will carry a lady tolerably well if he feels the spur
+occasionally. If "Mabel Florence Rayne" tries the rowel spur and the
+bit I mentioned in my former letter, I am sure she will be satisfied
+with them, and perhaps she will write her opinion for the benefit of
+others. The excellent and sensible letters of Mrs. Power O'Donoghue
+will probably convince people that a horse, when he has a lady on his
+back, is very much the same kind of animal, and requires very much the
+same kind of management, as when he is ridden by a man. If Mrs. Power
+O'Donoghue can obtain this result, she will sweep away many of the
+peculiar prejudices and ideas that now prevail as to all matters
+appertaining to ladies on horseback.
+
+I am, &c.
+
+SOUTHERN CROSS.
+
+                 *       *       *       *       *
+
+SIR,--In the article under the above-mentioned heading, published in
+your issue of the 6th November, Mrs. Power O'Donoghue recommends that
+horses' tails should not be docked. Dealers, when offering horses for
+sale, do not usually volunteer any information as to whether the
+horses have been docked. I wish, therefore, to inform any intending
+purchasers who may not know how to ascertain whether a horse has been
+docked, and who may wish to obtain some which have not been disfigured
+in this manner, that if the dock (that is, the portion of the tail
+which consists of bones and muscles, &c.) is in its natural state, the
+hair grows thickly at the end or tip of it, and there is no bare space
+there; but if it has been shortened by a portion of it being cut off
+(or docked), there is at the end or tip of it a circular space of
+about an inch in diameter, entirely bare of hair. When a horse has
+been docked, the hair of the tail scarcely grows after it has reached
+to within six or seven inches above the hocks. The hocks of a large
+horse are about twenty-five inches above the ground. It is a general
+custom with London dealers to cut the hair of the tail very short
+before offering a horse for sale, so that it does not come down lower
+than to a distance of about nine inches above the hocks. The buyer
+cannot then tell to what length the tail is likely to grow. If
+customers would refuse to buy horses with the hair of the tail cut
+short, perhaps the practice in question would be discontinued by the
+dealers.
+
+I am, Sir, &c.
+
+X. Y. Z.
+
+London, November 10, 1880.
+
+                 *       *       *       *       *
+
+SIR,--In your paper of last week I notice a letter on the advisability
+of ladies on horseback adopting the cross-saddle in place of the side,
+that is to say, in plain English, ride astride. This I have done
+abroad when far beyond conventional bondage, and it is incomparably
+better. Your correspondent points out the evils resulting from the
+one-sided twisted seat, which a lady now has, and also, in the same
+paper, the authoress of _Ladies on Horseback_ says how impossible it
+is with only one foot in the stirrup to rise comfortably to a high
+trotter. Now I should never have dared to name such a change had it
+not been thus mooted. Society will shriek out and say, "Woman would be
+indeed out of place thus." Why? I am sure with a proper dress there is
+nothing to hurt the extremely proper feelings of the most modest. All
+who have hunted know that the _very_ short skirted habits at times
+display, well, say the leg of the fair _equestrienne_ most liberally.
+Now the dress for the cross-horse style is much the same as a bathing
+suit, loose Zouave drawers drawn close below the knee, and fastened
+tightly over the boot at the ankle; a loose tunic, long enough to come
+almost to the knee when mounted, lightly belted at the waist, a cape
+falling over the shoulders, not quite to the elbows. This is my attire
+when free to ride in the _only_ really comfortable way, a foot in each
+stirrup. Oh, no woman would ever be twisted and packed on to a side
+saddle again if she could help it, after once enjoying the ease and
+freedom, as well as complete control of her horse which a man's seat
+gives.
+
+So far as exhibitions of limbs go, it is much more delicate, and there
+is nothing to offend the most sensitive lady in this style. Only it is
+not fashionable. When shall we cease to prostrate ourselves before
+that Juggernaut of fashion? For all paces and in every instance it is
+better, and the risk of accidents is reduced at _least one half_. It
+is a wonderful ease in long rides to _vary the stirrup length_. The
+military, almost straight-leg, trot, I think the easiest, but, on the
+other hand, some of the best riders I have ever seen abroad ride with
+a very short stirrup; it is a matter of habit and custom. But if the
+fashion were once introduced here, I know it would prove a priceless
+boon to ladies who love riding. Let some lady who has the opportunity
+once try it in her own private grounds (at first) or in some quiet,
+out-of-the-way country lane or moorland, and she will be surprised. It
+is a _new existence on horseback_, and _nothing_ indelicate about it,
+clad as I have named. Oh, what a difference it does make. It is
+twenty-three years now since I first took the idea from a book
+published by a lady, entitled, _Unprotected Females in Norway_, and
+whenever I can, I always ride so, of course abroad or even in the far
+north of Scotland. What a sensation in the Row would a party of ladies
+make thus mounted! Again, it is much easier for the horse, having your
+weight fairly distributed, not all perched on one side. Your seat is
+much firmer; leaping is, oh, so easy; in fact, your power seems
+doubled in every way. In case of conflict with your horse, you feel a
+veritable centaur compared with the side seat, where you have no grip,
+only the aid of the saddle, but with the aid of your own knees and a
+foot on each side of the horse I think I _could not be thrown_. Oh, I
+wish it could be initiated, dear Mr. Editor. Do use your influence in
+this direction. And it really looks well when the dress is well-made
+and tasty, and you feel so very free and at ease, can turn about any
+way, not pinned on to your horse, or rather on to your saddle, as
+ladies are. I could give full directions to make an outfit for going
+abroad in this style; you would smile at my saddle I know, but it is
+so comfortable. I can hardly bear to ride on an orthodox one now. That
+is the worst of it. I have been mounted on mules in this manner in
+Honduras, and ridden immense distances without being stiff or tired
+unduly. Some of these are the animals to try _your mettle and seat_,
+and I was only once thrown, owing to a stirrup-leather breaking. Then
+a lady is able to use spurs as easily as possible, no trouble about
+habit skirts tearing or getting in the way of the spur. With a sharp
+spur on each foot you can do anything with your horse, so very
+different from the wretched box spurs, eternally entangled in your
+habit or out of order. I do wish an association could be formed to
+carry out the idea; one or two could not do it, it must be
+simultaneous. For little girls it would be simply invaluable as an
+improvement on the present style, which really does cause distortion
+of the spine and a one-sided carriage when girls ride much. Do please
+ventilate this question, and oblige very much,
+
+Yours, &c.
+
+HERSILIE.
+
+P.S.--I have taken your paper ever since October 2nd, when I first saw
+_Ladies on Horseback_ in it, and have been much pleased with it, and
+also much amused with the correspondence thereon, but I never expected
+to see ladies' change of seat advocated, and am so glad to-day to find
+that it is.
+
+                 *       *       *       *       *
+
+SIR,--Permit me to state that the object in having the screw rowel-pin
+in the spur, recommended by me for the use of ladies in your number of
+November 13th, is in order to enable the wearers to use a mild or a
+severe rowel, according to the requirements of the horses they ride. I
+am very much against sharp spurs for ladies (or gentlemen either),
+unless they are absolutely required; but from some experience, both at
+home and abroad, I am quite convinced that the wearing of a spur
+should be the rule and not the exception. If the rowel is moderately
+sharp only, no cruelty can arise, less I maintain than in the use of a
+whip. I strongly object to the use of the sheath spur because of its
+severity; it must be applied with a _kick_ to be of any use, and the
+effect is usually much more punishing than there is any necessity for.
+If ladies will use rowel spurs with _moderately_ sharp rowels, such as
+are usual in gentlemen's park spurs, they will find that they are in
+possession of a very useful aid (certainly not a cruel one), and if
+fitted on a neat patent leather hussar or Wellington boot, a very
+ornamental one as well.
+
+I am, &c.
+
+JACK SPUR.
+
+December, 1880.
+
+                 *       *       *       *       *
+
+SIR,--The correspondence on Mrs. Power O'Donoghue's articles has
+contained many remarks on ladies' spurs, but I have noticed scarcely
+any reference to one point which I think is worth consideration--namely,
+the mode of fastening. I think ladies would find it an advantage to
+wear what are known as "spring" or "box" spurs, instead of those
+fastening with the usual straps, or strap and chain. I have never seen
+a lady's spur of this description, but possibly they are made--if not,
+they easily could be. They are much the most easy to attach or remove,
+and there is no chance of a strap being cut in walking or otherwise,
+or of an over-tight buckle hurting the foot. Their principal
+advantage, however, is not one of mere convenience, but of safety; the
+absence of strap and buckle removes one element in a great
+danger--that of the foot sticking in the stirrup in a fall. Captain
+Whyte-Melville speaks from observation of the risk of the buckle
+catching in the angle of the stirrup-iron, and says he has never seen
+a spurless boot so entangled. He is arguing against the wearing of
+spurs at all; but the risk is avoided if box spurs be worn. Since I
+became convinced that the strap and buckle were a quite possible,
+though perhaps unlikely, source of danger, I have altogether discarded
+them, and have felt my feet more free in the stirrups in consequence.
+Box spurs are certainly not fashionable in the hunting-field, and I
+have often seen people looking askance at them; I suppose a particular
+man misses the finish that the strap gives to the boot. But I don't
+think that matters much, and to ladies it would not matter at all, as
+the difference could very seldom be detected. In getting spurs or
+boxes, I find it convenient to adhere always to the regulation cavalry
+size, because then one's old spurs fit one's new boots, and _vice
+versa_. It would be well to have a uniform standard for ladies' spurs
+also. I have not ventured to say anything on the subject of spurs
+generally--my own opinion is that legitimate occasion for their use is
+excessively rare--and I dare say my suggestion may seem very trivial.
+But I do not think any precaution is trivial which lessens, however
+slightly, the risk of that most disagreeable and dangerous of
+accidents--getting "hung up."
+
+I am, Sir,
+
+Your obedient servant,
+
+OXONIAN.
+
+Ball. Col., Oxon., December, 1880.
+
+                 *       *       *       *       *
+
+SIR,--I cannot but feel flattered that my _Ladies on Horseback_ papers
+should have called forth so large a correspondence. I have read every
+letter most carefully, and on perusing that of "Hersilie," which
+appeared in last week's issue, it struck me, from two of her
+observations, that persons might suppose I had said something to
+advocate the style of riding of which she approves. Permit me to say,
+emphatically, that I have never done so, and that I fervently hope, in
+the interests of my sex, that such a practice may never be introduced.
+Modesty is, in my opinion, a woman's most exquisite attribute; once
+this, or the semblance of it, is lost, her fairest charm is gone.
+Nothing could be more ungraceful or more unwomanly than for women to
+ride like men; and for short women or "little girls," it would be
+_most_ objectionable. I maintain that a lady who knows how to sit has a
+far safer and surer seat on a side-saddle than a man can ever have, and
+that her grip of the pommels affords her infinitely greater security
+than a man's "grip of the knees." "Hersilie" is correct in saying that
+short-skirted hunting-habits frequently ride up, but she might just as
+well say that hunting-hats frequently fall off, and that ladies' back
+hair frequently comes down--giving these facts as a reason for
+discarding head-gear, whether natural or artificial. As a rule, nothing
+that is properly made and properly adjusted ever comes to grief. It is
+by going to cheap and incompetent habit-makers, neglecting to stitch
+elastics to their hats, and plaiting the hair too loosely (being also
+too sparing of hair-pins), that ladies are inconvenienced and made to
+blush. Two yards wide round the hem is ample for a hunting-habit, which
+should fit like a glove about the hips. First-class tailors always have
+a model horse, upon which they mount their lady customers, and thus
+secure the right position for the slope at the knee, upon which so much
+of the "set" of the skirt depends. A well-dressed woman, sitting
+properly upon a well-constructed saddle, cannot, in my opinion, be
+improved upon for style and comfort, and I hope it will be long indeed
+before ladies strive to follow in any way the customs or callings of
+the sterner sex. I may add that one of the chief recommendations of a
+box spur is that it does _not_ get out of order, nor can it possibly
+become entangled, unless the habit-skirt be one of those which some
+ladies still persist in wearing--nearly twice too long, and quite
+three times too wide. I earnestly hope "Hersilie" will take these
+observations in good part. I make them in a perfectly friendly spirit.
+I feel kindly towards all ladies, especially those who love horses; and
+so I offer "Hersilie" a warm shake-hands, and hope she will fight me as
+much as ever she likes--in a friendly way, of course!
+
+Now, a word to "Jack Spur." I think he is under a mistake in averring
+that there is any severity in the sheath spur. He says it must be
+applied with a _kick_. As I always ride with one, and never with any
+other description, I must entirely differ from him in this opinion. A
+slight pressure is alone necessary. No gentlewoman would be guilty of
+kicking her horse. I strongly object to rowels, as I hold to the
+belief that almost anybody--except a really first-class
+_equestrienne_--would be likely to hurt or worry the horse in an
+unnecessary manner.
+
+Strange to say, I had only got thus far in my letter when the post
+brought me a communication from Stirling, signed "Reform," begging of
+me to advocate ladies riding upon the cross-saddle. Were it not that
+the writer says so many nice, kind things of myself (for which I beg
+to thank her) I should be really angry at the tremendous display of
+zeal thus wasted upon so unworthy a subject. It is true that a lady's
+seat on horseback prevents her pressing her horse up to his bridle as
+a man can, _unless_--but there _is_ the unless--she knows how to do
+it. A good stout hunting-crop, properly used, will admirably fulfil
+the duties of the second leg; but in all my experience, and it is a
+pretty wide one, I have never seen more than two lady riders who had
+any idea of making a horse gallop or sending him up to his bit. I do
+not mean riding his head off--we unfortunately see too much of that;
+but pressing him up to his work, and riding him with firm,
+_accomplished_ hands, such as are only to be obtained by good
+teaching, long and constant practice, and real love of the art. To
+give some idea of the hazy notion which most persons have about
+riding, a lady who came to call upon me in London, and who certainly
+meant to be most kind and polite, said, as we sat at our afternoon
+tea, "I am looking at your hands; how well-developed they are, from
+_pulling your horses_, I suppose!" She thought I was offended when I
+told her that my riding gloves were No. 6, and that I never pulled my
+horses; but I am not captious, nor would it be possible to take
+offence with one who so little intended to cause it.
+
+The offer which I made at the conclusion of my _Ladies on Horseback_,
+to answer private inquiries, has led to such a host of letters that,
+although I regularly devote one hour every morning to the task of
+replying to each in turn, I find it impossible to keep pace with the
+work. Will you, therefore, sir, with the kindness extended to me upon
+a former occasion, suffer me to answer a few of my correspondents
+through the medium of your columns.
+
+RICHARD R.--One measure three times daily, with a good double-handful
+of Indian corn mixed through it.
+
+CAPTAIN SWORDARM.--The oats will require two waters. The grains should
+swell and separate, like rice boiled for curries.
+
+EVELYN HARKESS.--Your parcel has not reached me. My tailor will
+endeavour to please you.
+
+JANE V.--A very cruel practice.
+
+REFORM.--You will see that I have acknowledged your letter. Judging by
+the postmark it should have come to hand three days ago, but you gave
+the wrong address, and it went on a seeking expedition. "Dublin" will
+at any time find me. This is also for "Quilp," "B. Max," and "Violet
+Grey."
+
+ELLA.--Your horse is evidently a rough trotter, and can never be
+pleasant to ride. Try to exchange or sell him.
+
+MARY PERPLEXED.--The pommels of your saddle are most likely too far
+apart; that is, the leaping head is placed too low. If you cannot
+change it, ride with a longer stirrup-leather. I have been lately
+shown the preparation for an improved side-saddle, by Messrs. F. V.
+Nicholls & Co., of 2 Jermyn Street, comprising a patented arrangement
+for the third crutch or leaping-head. I think that this will be a
+great boon to those ladies who, like myself, have suffered
+inconvenience and accident from the leaping-head being a fixture, and
+not in the position required to afford a proper degree of support, and
+at the same time to admit of the stirrup-leather being used of correct
+length for an easy, secure, and graceful seat. The improvement of the
+new saddle consists in a sliding socket or apparatus, by which the
+leaping-head can be moved freely backward or forward to any position,
+and instantly fixed firmly by the rider herself, thus enabling a lady
+to alter at any time the length of her stirrup, and yet gain every
+requisite support from the third crutch. Another little innovation by
+the same experienced saddlers in riding bridles, an adaptation of my
+favourite double-ring snaffle. The loose rings of the snaffle have
+some extra loops, appended to which is a short noseband, acted upon by
+one rein, giving a powerful effect in stopping a runaway horse, whilst
+the use of the other rein singly has the pleasant and easy nature of
+the ordinary snaffle-bridle. The principle of this bridle, which is
+called "the improved Newmarket snaffle" is, of course, equally
+applicable to the use of persons of either sex.
+
+GILES.--Have the shoe taken off and give him rest.
+
+URSA MAJOR.--There is no real cure for ringbone. Do not waste your
+money.
+
+CLAUDE, EMMA VANE, N. PARKES, HENRY B., RHODA, NELLIE K., and
+thirty-one others, write to me for--photographs! I am sorry that "for
+lack of gold" I cannot supply a kindly public with my pictures, and I
+am not vain enough to state publicly where they may be had.
+
+NIMROD.--Pleader was purchased from me last week by the Earl of
+Eglinton. It will, therefore, be unnecessary for me to reply to any
+further inquiries respecting him. I named his price and made no
+change, nor was I asked to do so.
+
+CROPPER.--You were evidently sitting loosely, and thus suffered for
+your carelessness. You will not be caught napping the next time.
+
+ANXIOUS, MARTHA, and a host of others have asked me a very familiar
+question, "How I learned to ride?" I have hitherto avoided answering,
+rather than introduce a name whose owner did not wish me to do so. But
+I think I may hope to win his pardon. Most, if not all, my skill in
+the saddle is mainly due to the kind and untiring patience of my dear
+old friend and teacher, Mr. Allan McDonogh, who--despite his
+threescore years and ten--was, up to the time of his lamentable
+accident, ever ready to act as my pilot and instructor.
+
+ENQUIRER.--Ride a steady horse, and your nerve will come back again.
+Mine did, after a much more terrible mischance.
+
+CORSICAN BROTHER.--It is not true.
+
+CRITIC.--You only discovered one mistake, but there are really _three_
+in my story, "In Search of a Wonder," which appeared in the Christmas
+Number of this journal. In place of "hustled me out _of_ a sort of
+enclosure," read "_to_ a sort of enclosure." Also, "suddenness"
+requires two n's, and "carr_a_ttella" is the correct way to spell a
+word which signifies a small cart or rough carriage peculiar to the
+Piedmontese. These are all printer's errors, and should have been
+corrected by me, but I revised my proof in a crowded coffee-room of a
+London hotel, with at least a dozen persons talking to me as I did so,
+and thus, being also pressed for time, a few mistakes escaped my
+notice.
+
+To you, sir, and to all my friends, best wishes for the New Year, and
+many grateful thanks for more kindness than I can deem myself worthy
+of.
+
+Yours obediently,
+
+NANNIE POWER O'DONOGHUE.
+
+Dublin, December 1880.
+
+                 *       *       *       *       *
+
+SIR,--In case no one more able than myself answers "Hersilie's" letter
+in this week's number of your valuable paper, will you allow me, in
+the name of many lady riders who "can" use the side-saddle, to write
+and protest against the idea cropping up of our riding like men? I
+cannot help feeling justly indignant with those who try to introduce
+such a radical change, for, surely, we are already too much inclined
+to follow all the ways and pursuits of the opposite sex without so far
+forgetting ourselves as to wish to ride as they do. I do not want to
+criticise what one is often obliged to do in foreign lands; there it
+may prove a necessity, for the riding is not simply for pleasure, but
+often the only means of transport, and the horses may not be fitted
+for our saddles, nor we accustomed to their paces; but, in England,
+the idea of a number of ladies fantastically dressed and mounted like
+men must shock many of your readers. I hope "X. Y. Z.," who first
+wrote in favour of this change some weeks ago, may pardon me if I say
+that the ladies of his or her acquaintance who, in consequence of only
+one stirrup, cannot avoid inclining the head and shoulders too much to
+the left, &c., and in addition gall their horses' backs, had better
+not attempt to ride at all. What is a prettier sight than a
+neatly-dressed Englishwoman riding a horse, "as a lady," and should we
+retain the same respect we now get if we gave up, in this particular,
+the few feminine tokens left to us. Why not let us accept the male
+attire altogether? It would be far more to our comfort in getting
+about on foot, and if one change is so advisable, surely the other is
+quite as sensible. I agree with "Hersilie" in thinking that the habits
+of the present day are indelicately short, and I cannot see that
+ladies ride any better showing their boots and with their arms akimbo
+than they did a year or so ago, when their feet were covered and no
+daylight showed between their arms. I come of as "horsey" a family as
+any in England, and have ridden ever since I could sit upright; but I
+never experienced, or knew that my sisters experienced, any of the
+troubles "X. Y. Z." and "Hersilie" complain of. My father, who was our
+sole instructor, put us on any animal that he thought likely to suit
+his own riding, and no matter where we were, in the hunting-field or
+elsewhere, the least deviation from sitting square would bring from
+him the sharp reprimand of, "What are you doing? Bring that left
+shoulder up, and don't let me see any daylight between your arms!" He
+also insisted that our stirrups should be short, even to discomfort,
+until we got used to it; but this prevented any chance of our hurting
+the horse's back, which most frequently comes from a lady riding with
+a long stirrup, and when she trots having to seek her stirrup, which
+constantly moves her saddle, and makes her as well look most awkward
+and one-sided.
+
+If not trespassing too much, may I say one other little word in the
+interest of the horses I love so well? Over and over again, lately,
+have I seen the advice given in your paper that we should never be
+without a spur. Now, sir, if my experience can have any weight, I will
+say that I have hunted and ridden across country in all parts of
+Gloucestershire all my young days, that I was put on horses whether
+they or I liked it or not, both kind, unkind, or violent ones, and I
+am thankful to say that the idea of my wearing a spur never entered my
+father's head nor mine. It seems to me such an underhand way of
+punishing one's horse--a real feminine species of torture, for no one
+sees the dig, dig, dig, but there it is all the time; and many a
+horse, I firmly believe, comes to grief with its rider simply because,
+not understanding its power, she taxes it beyond its strength. Not one
+horse in twenty will refuse, or need either whip or spur if he knows
+his mistress, and if he does he is not fit for inexperienced riders.
+
+I wish every girl was taught as I have been, "that a horse can do no
+wrong." This made me study the peculiarities of every animal I was put
+upon, and I have never had an accident of any kind. Every horsewoman
+who loves riding must be proud of the feats accomplished by Mrs. Power
+O'Donoghue in the side-saddle, but would she be admired or respected
+as she is if she turned out as a man and rode as men do? It is being
+able to sit square and ride straight on a side-saddle, that we should
+be vain of, and not wish to make a change, which could only bring
+Englishwomen down in the estimation of all those who are now so justly
+proud of them on horseback.
+
+I am, Sir,
+
+Yours, &c.
+
+THE LADYBIRD.
+
+December 18, 1880.
+
+                 *       *       *       *       *
+
+SIR,--Will you allow me to make one or two remarks upon a letter I
+read last night in your valuable paper? It is from a correspondent
+speaking of the ill effects produced by the use of side-saddles.
+
+In the first place your correspondent should remember that the back of
+the horse, as well as the shoulder, is soft and tender when not in
+condition, that is, in constant work, and not fit for either riding or
+driving long distances at once, without damage. Get the back carefully
+and well seasoned, or accustomed to the side-saddle, during the time
+the horse is getting into condition for the hunting-field, and use a
+leather saddle-cloth under the saddle; let it be long enough, and not
+the shape of the saddle, and have all properly put on the horse, and
+you will not come to grief with six or seven hours' work, or before
+the lady is tired; that is, provided the lady will sit well down and
+steady in her saddle, and keep her horse as much from trotting as
+possible. Her horse must learn to canter slowly both to cover and
+home, it will be much better for the horse and much easier for the
+lady when she is accustomed to it; she will not be troubled any more
+with horses with sore backs. Another remark from "X. Y. Z." is, it is
+said that curvature of the spine sometimes ensues from children being
+taught at too early an age to ride on side-saddles. I fear the mistake
+is by the said children not having been taught how to sit or to put
+themselves in form for their own comfort, but left to sit as they like
+on horseback and get bad habits they cannot get rid of, never throwing
+the weight of the body in its proper place. Then, as to the remark
+about the riding-habit on the pommels, that disadvantage either has,
+or ought to have, passed away a long time ago; for I am well satisfied
+that a lady can so dress herself for the hunting-field in boots,
+Bedfords, and plenty of flannel that she can keep herself warm and
+comfortable without a great, strong, heavy, long riding-habit. Let the
+habit be short and very light, and by no means bound round the bottom
+part with anything strong, but left so that it will give way either in
+a fall or in leaping through a high fence. I wonder if Mr. Lovell had
+his knife in his pocket when he saw his daughter suspended by the
+habit, which would neither tear nor be removed; had it been of light,
+thin material, and short, the sad accident would not have occurred. I
+am satisfied a little care and proper attention will put all things
+right of which your correspondent complains.
+
+I am, &c.
+
+O. P.
+
+December, 1880.
+
+                 *       *       *       *       *
+
+SIR,--In your issue of the 4th December, "Farmer" writes that his
+horses are fed upon oats which have been soaked in cold water, and
+that he has the corn thus prepared because he could not easily manage
+to have a steaming apparatus for cooking the food in the way that is
+recommended by Mr. Edward Mayhew M.R.C.V.S., in his _Illustrated Horse
+Management_. The plan that I have adopted during the last two months
+has been to have the oats put in a pail (made of oakwood) in the
+evening, and to pour upon them from a kettle a sufficient quantity of
+boiling water to rise a little above the oats; a sack is placed over
+it to keep in the heat, and the oats are then left to soak during the
+night; on the following morning the husk is so much softened that it
+will yield to the pressure of the thumb and finger. In this state the
+oats are more easily digested by the horse, and it is better for his
+teeth than to have to bite a hard substance. A wooden pail is
+preferable to a zinc one, because it does not conduct the heat from
+the oats so much as one of the latter description does. A lid would
+be, perhaps, better than a sack. The pail should not be filled with
+the oats, because the latter will swell when soaked. In the stall in
+our stable there is no water-trough at the side of the manger, and in
+order that the horse may have water within reach during the day and
+night, a zinc pail is placed in and at the end of the manger, and the
+handle of it is secured by a chain to the iron bars forming the upper
+part of the partition between the two stalls. In the loose-box, a pail
+containing water is suspended by a chain to some iron bars placed
+inside the window.
+
+I am, &c.
+
+X. Y. Z.
+
+London, December, 1880.
+
+                 *       *       *       *       *
+
+SIR,--I cannot but feel flattered that Mrs. O'Donoghue has so frankly
+and kindly invited me to "break a lance" with her. I do, with both my
+hands and with all my heart, reciprocate her "warm shake-hands," and,
+vizor down and spear in rest, ride full tilt at her in fair and open
+fight to do my poor _devoirs_, if you will allow me once again to
+enter the lists in your paper. If Mrs. O'Donoghue will read her paper
+in your number for November 27th she will find these words: "My
+companion was in ease while I was in torture." Why was this? "Because
+he had a leg on either side of his mount, his weight equally
+distributed, and an equal support upon both sides; in fact, he had, as
+all male riders have, the advantage of a double support in the rise;
+consequently, at the moment when his weight was removed from the
+saddle, it was thrown upon both sides, and this equal distribution
+enabled him to accomplish without fatigue that slow rise and fall
+which is so tiring to a lady whose weight, when she is out of the
+saddle, is thrown entirely upon one delicate limb, thus inducing her
+to fall again as soon as possible."
+
+Again, in the very next paragraph, Mrs. O'Donoghue says, "A man will
+be able to stand in his stirrups for a considerable time, even to ride
+at a gallop, so doing because he transfers his weight equally to his
+feet; but how rarely do we see a lady balanced upon one leg! The
+sensation is not agreeable, and would, moreover, be unpleasantly
+productive of wrung backs." These are verbatim extracts from "Part
+Three continued." I think my preference for a leg on each side of my
+horse, and a distribution of my weight equally on to each foot, is
+most eloquently and forcibly justified by Mrs. O'Donoghue when she
+wrote the above. I did not suggest, or at any rate did not mean to
+suggest, that she advocated a cross-seat for ladies, but that she
+unmistakably pointed out the great advantages of such a seat her own
+words abundantly testify. Again, some of the healthiest children I
+have ever seen are poor little gipsy girls, who, from being able to
+mount a donkey, have always ridden astride when once past the pannier
+period of their nomadic life. Also, some of the short, stout peasant
+women of Normandy ride thus, as well as the Indian squaws, and
+certainly these will compare favourably as to robust health with their
+side-saddle sisters of civilisation; to say nothing of the South
+American ladies. We have also the testimony of many lady travellers as
+to the superiority of a cross-seat when horseback is the only mode of
+transit. I cannot admit that in any case, even for "short women" or
+"little girls," it would be "most objectionable," that is, from a
+hygienic point of view. On the score of modesty, _de gustibus_, &c.
+&c. But then I allow a great latitude on such a point (our highest
+order carries the truest motto, _honi soit qui mal y pense_). In fact,
+I do not regard it as a question of modesty at all; simply of
+convenience, efficiency, and comfort. Mrs. O'Donoghue also says how
+rare it is to meet with a perfect lady's horse. "In all my wide
+experience I have met but two." Why? because a lady (and mainly on
+account of her side-seat, as I believe) is heavily handicapped as
+compared with a man in her choice of a horse, or, I should say, in her
+requirements from her horse. Every remark in the whole of the papers,
+"Ladies on Horseback," as to kindness, temper, and gentleness in the
+treatment of a horse I most cordially endorse, and I have to thank the
+fair authoress for the pleasure I have had in their perusal.
+
+A word or two in answer to "The Ladybird." In reply to her opening
+remarks, I merely observe, "use is second nature," and had she
+happened to have lived before "Anne of Bohemia" introduced
+side-saddles she would have had no room for "indignation"; possibly in
+that case she would have always ridden pillion. Oh! if we could only
+once realise how much we are the slaves of fashion, how soon would the
+yoke be broken! Contrast the crinoline of 1857 and the umbrella-case
+attire of 1877; put a fashionable belle of the latter alongside her
+sister of only twenty years earlier mode. What a satire on taste, on
+modesty so called! But I would also ask "Ladybird" (if it be worth her
+while) to read again my letter of the 18th, and she will find I did
+not complain of the side-saddle, which I have an idea I _can_ use, but
+pointed out its great inferiority (which I maintain) to the
+cross-saddle. The best test perhaps is the foreign one. Mount a horse
+without a saddle, but properly bitted, and then decide which is the
+more natural and easier seat; in one case you feel an appendage; in
+the other almost part of the horse. In the name of womanhood I
+repudiate the suggestion of an "underhand way of punishment," being "a
+real feminine species of torture." Perhaps it is, under the skirts of
+a habit, possible to "dig, dig, dig," for no one sees, truly; but
+surely no lady could, or would, spur her horse for the sake of
+tormenting him; in my attire at any rate it would not be unseen. The
+extraordinary teaching that a "horse can do no wrong" is an axiom with
+which I cannot agree. I have been mounted on horses that "could do no
+right," or if they could do it would not. And it has taken me all my
+time and taxed all my energies to prevent them from doing the things
+which they ought not to do; for I do object to a horse attempting to
+erect himself in a perpendicular attitude, either from a fore or aft
+basis, when I am on his back, and I rejoice to know that I have (in
+such cases) on each foot a sharp spur to use with him as a cogent
+argument in convincing him that ordinary progression on four legs is
+infinitely better than saltimbantique performance on two--at least
+from my, his rider's, point of view. On a well-bred, highly-trained
+animal a spur is scarce ever required to be used, but even then the
+emergency may arise. I really laughed outright when I read what you,
+Sir, said of the "shoals of letters" arriving from fair correspondents
+"desiring to ride" as "Hersilie" suggested, but this only convinces me
+that there are many ladies who feel that it would be--just exactly as
+I described it--"a new life on horseback." I could add much more on
+the subject, but have already trespassed too long on your space. I
+only repeat, let any lady once fairly try it, and she will always
+prefer it. I do not for a moment imagine she will always do it. I
+admit we must conform to custom, and I strongly deprecate individual
+eccentricity, especially in a lady. I shall continue to read all that
+appears in your paper on this and kindred topics with deep interest.
+Again, I specially thank Mrs. Power O'Donoghue for her genial and
+kindly expression of goodwill, and again heartily shake the shadowy
+hand she offers. I quite believe a No. 6 gloved hand can control a
+horse as well as any 7, 71/2, or 8, if it only be possessed of the
+cunning. And thanking you, sir, for your kindness, allow me as a woman
+to have the last word, and again assert, "the cross seat is much the
+better."
+
+Yours, &c.
+
+HERSILIE.
+
+Ambleside (_pro tem._), Dec. 1880.
+
+                 *       *       *       *       *
+
+SIR,--Kindly permit me to say a few words in reply to "Hersilie's"
+letter, which appeared in your issue of last week. I am referred to my
+own paper in your number for November 27, but "Hersilie" does not
+quote correctly, or perhaps the error is the printer's. I think I said
+"My companion was _at_ ease, whilst I was in torture." Now, I merely
+related the incident with which these words were associated in order
+to instruct ladies how to avoid the double rise--not to advocate for a
+single instant their riding upon a cross-saddle. I am quite ready to
+reiterate my statement that the position of a man enables him to ride
+a rough or clumsy trotter with infinitely greater ease than can a
+woman; but women should not, in my opinion, ride such _at all_, nor
+should I have done so, as related in your paper of November 27, were
+it not that my host, an immensely heavy man, had none but big rough
+horses in his stable, and I was obliged either to accept a mount upon
+one of them, for at least _once_, or give offence to a dear kind
+friend, which I would not do to avoid even a greater amount of
+inconvenience than I experienced upon the occasion in question.
+
+The cross-seat is not the only thing which ladies may envy the sterner
+sex, without at the same time advocating the propriety of encroaching
+upon their privileges. For my own part I never yet set out to walk on
+a wet or muddy day without sincerely envying every man who passed me,
+his big boots, tucked-up trousers, and freedom from the petticoats and
+furbelows which encumber us and make us feel miserable in the rain;
+yet I certainly never felt the _smallest_ desire to adopt his costume.
+Nor have I ever seen two persons, or two big dogs, engaged in
+fighting, that I did not envy the man who rushed between the
+combatants and stopped the unseemly exhibition; yet I decidedly
+experienced no wish to do it myself. It would not be my place. Men
+have their costume, their avocations, their sayings and doings, their
+varied callings in the world, and women have theirs. Each should be
+separate and distinct from the other. A manly woman, or a womanly man,
+is, in the eyes of all rightly-judging persons, a most objectionable
+creature. There are many things which a woman may legitimately admire,
+and, in a certain sense, _envy_, yet with which she should never
+desire to meddle, unless she is ambitious to merge her womanhood in
+the semblance of man. The cross-saddle is one of these. It may do very
+well in the wilds of a country whose inhabitants are from childhood
+accustomed to it, and where all ride alike, but not in civilised
+England. As well seek to advocate the dress (or undress) of the Indian
+squaws, as to endeavour to introduce their style of riding into a land
+whose daughters are as modest as they are fair.
+
+"Hersilie" says:--"I do not regard it as a question of modesty at all,
+simply of convenience, efficiency, and comfort." The subject is one
+upon which a woman can touch but very lightly, yet may I affirm that
+if all women were to lay aside their chief charm, and simply go in for
+"convenience, efficiency, and comfort," society would present fewer
+attractions than it at present does? I shall leave "The Ladybird" to
+answer for herself, but I cannot help saying that I think "Hersilie"
+is _hard_ upon her. She and I have met but once, yet I know that she
+is gentle and highborn, and worthy of nothing but the love of which
+her own Christian heart is composed.
+
+You, sir, must also fight your own little battle, and tell "Hersilie"
+she is not to "laugh outright" at any of your "Circular Notes." She
+may laugh, of course, at small fry like myself, but I really _can't_
+have my Editor laughed at! nor my sweet "Ladybird" crushed!
+
+And now, having said so much, I once again offer a shadowy hand to my
+adversary, and hope that though at present we see one another but
+darkly, we may yet do so "face to face," and meet as friends.
+
+A word, with your permission, to correspondents:--
+
+EVELYN HARKESS.--I have discovered your parcel. I thought you were
+sending it addressed to _me_. You shall have the contents in a few
+days.
+
+FLINK.--There is never one worth buying, although unwise persons bid
+fast and high. Try a private source, and beware of imposition.
+
+R. KING.--The horse is sold.
+
+H. DUNBAR, SHAMUS O'BRIEN, W. HATFIELD, and ROSE MARIE.--Your
+questions are of too personal a nature. If time permits I will answer
+privately.
+
+IGNORAMUS.--Dose him with aloes until he is dead sick; then put a
+saddle on him, with a sand-bag at either side, and ring him for an
+hour. I warrant he will allow a man upon his back after this, nor will
+he seek to dislodge him either. It is much better and more humane than
+the whipping and spurring which is so grievous to a sensitive
+looker-on.
+
+HUGH.--Apply to Mr. Chapman, Oaklands, Cheltenham.
+
+I. STARK.--How shall I thank you? but I know not when I can ride
+again. Your recipe, if effectual, would be indeed invaluable. I shall
+look for a purchaser for your cob.
+
+MAY-BLOSSOM.--The nicest modern saddles have no stitching about them.
+Call at 2, Jermyn Street.
+
+NIMROD II.--I have nothing that would suit you, nor do I ever sell my
+horses, unless under exceptional circumstances. I am, of course,
+flattered that so many are desirous of possessing what I have ridden,
+but my stable is _extremely_ limited. See my reply to HUGH.
+
+HANNAH POWELL.--I shall answer by letter.
+
+SYNNORIX.--I said in a former letter that there was no cure for
+ringbone; I have since heard of one which I consider invaluable, and
+the lady who possesses it would sell it for a trifling sum. Apply to
+Mrs. Slark, Rose Cottage, Bletchley. I hope URSA MAJOR will see this
+reply to SYNNORIX, and will profit by my advice, which is to apply at
+once for the cure.
+
+K. C., REDCAR.--I am pleased you found my system effectual, but are
+you sure you did not carry it out too rigorously? Few would have such
+courage.
+
+JOCKEY.--An authority says Fairyhouse, and I dare say he is right,
+although there is a double at Punchestown--a big one--at which many a
+good man and true has come to signal grief. I saw a fine young racer
+killed there last year.
+
+To EDITH, PAUL PRY, JANE BURKITT, CONSTANCE HAYE, and MOUSQUETAIRE,
+many thanks. If you write to the Editor he may perhaps give you
+information as to the possibility of what you ask.
+
+Yours obediently,
+
+NANNIE POWER O'DONOGHUE.
+
+                 *       *       *       *       *
+
+SIR,--As I learned from a recent letter from that most amiable and
+talented lady, Mrs. Power O'Donoghue, that her teacher has been the
+fine old sportsman, Allen McDonogh, I need wonder no longer at her
+having become the very brilliant horsewoman which undoubtedly she is.
+A finer or more graceful horseman than her teacher was, has never
+lived. Since growing years and increasing weight prevented him from
+riding his own horses he has brought out very many crack gentlemen
+riders within the past twenty years, some of them quite shining
+lights. Amongst some may be enumerated his great friend, Captain
+Tempest, 11th Hussars; Captain Prichard Rayner, 5th Dragoon Guards;
+Mr. Laurence, 4th Hussars; Captain, now Major, Hutton, 1st Royal
+Dragoons; Captain Brown, of the Royal Horse Artillery, who
+unfortunately was killed a few years since crossing the railway
+returning from a steeplechase meeting held near London; Captain
+Ricardo, 15th Hussars; Lieutenant-Colonel McCalmont, 7th Hussars;
+Captain Soames, 4th Hussars; and the ever-to-be-regretted Captain the
+Hon. Greville Nugent; and last, but by no means least, Mr. Thomas
+Beasley, besides many others, all these gentlemen, excepting Mr.
+Laurence, having their first winning mount on Mr. McDonogh's horses.
+As professionals, he brought out Paddy Gavin and George Gray, the
+former of whom, when scarcely more than a child, and weighing but 4
+st. 7 lb., rode and won the Prince of Wales' Steeplechase, at
+Punchestown, on Blush Rose. I think I may be permitted to mention two
+of Mr. McDonogh's daring feats. When riding Sailor in a steeplechase,
+over an awfully severe country, close to the town of Bandon, Co. Cork
+(where started, amongst nine others, the celebrated horses Monarch and
+Valentine, the latter running second, two years later, for the
+Liverpool Grand National, and the former sold soon afterwards to the
+great Marquis of Waterford for a large sum, showing that the company
+at Bandon was by no means a contemptible lot), in this race, the
+distance of which was 4-1/2 miles, Sailor fell four times, each time
+unseating his rider; yet so active was his pilot in those days that he
+was as quickly in the saddle as out of it. At his fourth and last
+fall, the horse chested the bank, flung his rider some distance from
+him, and having a tight hold of the bridle reins, the throat-lash gave
+way, and the bridle came off the horse's head. As Sailor was getting
+on his legs, Mr. McDonogh jumped into the saddle, and setting his
+horse going was soon in pursuit of the leaders. There were in the
+1-1/2 miles that had yet to be travelled nearly ten awkward
+double-posted fences. The third last impediment was a narrow
+lane--called in Irish a "boreen"--with an intricate bank into and out
+of it. The riders of Valentine and Monarch had bridles; consequently
+they could steady their horses and jump in and out "clever." Not so
+Mr. McDonogh, who had nothing to guide his horse but his whip.
+Steering the animal, however, for the "boreen" he put him at his best
+pace, and without ever laying an iron on it, he went from field to
+field and landed alongside the leaders. The riders of the other
+horses, seeing he had no power to guide his mount, endeavoured to put
+him outside a post that had to be gone round to make the turn into the
+straight line for home; but the young jockey, stretching his arms
+almost round his horse's nose, by some means got him straight, and,
+making the remainder of the running, won easily. Valentine's rider at
+the scales objected to Sailor for not having carried a bridle, but Mr.
+McDonogh was able to draw the weight, and was declared the winner
+amidst the wildest enthusiasm. The other extraordinary performance
+occurred one day on his pet mount, the celebrated Brunette, at Cashel.
+When riding Mountain Hare the previous day over the same course he was
+crossed by an old woman at an ugly up bank. The horse struck the woman
+in the chest and very nearly put an end to his rider also, who, in the
+fall, got his collar-bone and six ribs broken. The late Dr. Russell,
+of Cashel, was quickly by his side, and telling the Marquis of
+Waterford of the serious injuries Mr. McDonogh had received, that most
+noble-hearted man instantly sent for his carriage, which, with two
+post-horses, speedily took the invalid to the hotel in Cashel. The
+collarbone being set and ribs bandaged, he passed a miserable night.
+Brunette was in a race the next day, and as he would allow no man to
+sit on her back, he got out of his bed, mounted the mare, and,
+bandaged as he was and in great pain, won the race. Lord Waterford's
+Regalia was second, his lordship jestingly remarking that if he had
+known Brunette's master would have ridden her he would have left him
+lying at the bank, In conclusion, Mr. Editor, permit me to say that we
+Irish are charmed with Mrs. O'Donoghue's writings, as also with your
+most interesting and beautifully got-up paper.
+
+Yours, &c.
+
+MAURICE LAWLOR.
+
+Battlemount, Ballytore, Co. Kildare.
+
+                 *       *       *       *       *
+
+SIR,--Notwithstanding the enterprise of the large number of ladies
+who, you say, desire to ride after the fashion of the Mexican senoras,
+I venture to hope that the present custom of riding in a side-saddle
+will not be departed from by ladies, except in case of necessity; and
+I point out that in India, South Africa, and all the Australian
+colonies the side-saddle is always used, though there can be no doubt
+that if there was any real advantage in the Mexican style it would be
+readily adopted in new countries. Many persons appear to be quite
+unaware of what the lady's seat in the side-saddle should be. I
+describe it thus: let a man seat himself properly in his saddle,
+shorten the left stirrup two or three holes, and then, without moving
+his body or his left leg, put his right leg over the horse's wither;
+the man will then be seated on his horse precisely as a lady should be
+seated in her side-saddle. A lady's seat in a side-saddle, of the size
+suited to her, is extremely firm; any one who has not tried a
+side-saddle with the third crutch has no idea of the firm seat that a
+lady has. I was quite astonished when I tried it, and I believe that,
+after practising for a day or two to get the balance, I could ride any
+horse in a side-saddle that I could ride at all; whilst the exploits
+of ladies show clearly that a change of style is not required for the
+purpose of obtaining a more secure seat. One of the greatest
+difficulties that ladies have to contend with in this country in
+learning to ride is that they often get such poor instructors. Many of
+those who call themselves riding masters are little better than
+grooms, and the people who offer to turn out accomplished horsewomen
+in twelve easy lessons for L2 2s. must know that, except in a few
+cases of natural special aptitude, they cannot do much more than teach
+a lady how to avoid tumbling too quickly out of the saddle. On the
+other hand, a lady who has been through a full course of instruction
+from a good master, has little to learn except those matters of detail
+which experience alone can teach; but far better than any professional
+instruction is that constant and careful supervision from a good
+horseman, such as Mrs. Power O'Donoghue and "The Ladybird" mentioned
+in a late issue, one who will not be afraid of being called a "bother"
+when he points out and corrects every fault, however small. I
+consider, sir, that you have given good advice to ladies when you say,
+"I think a lady should wear a spur," though she may not often find it
+necessary to use it. In your last issue two experienced ladies give
+their opinions on this subject; one disapproves of the spur, the other
+says she always wears one. Everyone will agree with "The Ladybird"
+that when it is "dig, dig, dig" all the time, such use of a spur is
+improper; for though a sharp stroke is required sometimes--for
+instance, Mrs. Power O'Donoghue, when describing her flight into the
+farmyard, says: "I dug him with my spur"--the proper way to apply a
+spur is, in general, as described by Mrs. Power O'Donoghue in your
+last issue, by pressure. The term "box spur" is usually applied to
+spurs that fit into spring boxes or sockets in the heels of the boots;
+a spur with a spring sheath over the point is usually called a "sheath
+spur"; for hunting, anything that will act as a goad will answer the
+desired purpose, but for park or road riding the spur should be one
+with which a very slight touch or a sharp stroke can be given, as may
+be required. I know that the spur with a five-pointed rowel is
+preferred by ladies who have tried it to any other; but, whatever spur
+is selected, a lady should take care that the points are long enough
+to be effective when the habit intervenes. I think, sir, with you,
+that a lady should always wear a spur; and I notice in this
+correspondence, the ladies who denounce the use of a spur almost
+invariably say that they have never tried one; whilst ladies who have
+once experienced the advantage and convenience of it, never willingly
+mount a horse without one. There is not any real mystery about ladies'
+riding or ladies' horses; almost any horse that will carry a man will
+carry a woman, and the latter, when on horseback, ought to be
+provided, as nearly as possible, with the same aids and appliances as
+are required by the former. It is not every lady who can indulge in
+the luxury of a three-hundred-guinea saddle-horse, and the treatment
+that may answer with such a horse is not necessarily suited to an
+ordinary hack; yet some of the handsomest and most highly-trained
+ladies' horses in the Row are ridden with a spur, and it is only
+proper that they should be; they have been trained by the professional
+lady riders with a spur, and they are accustomed to receive from a
+slight touch of the spur the indications of the rider's wish; whilst
+as to the common livery-stable hacks, it is often painful to ride them
+until they feel that you are provided with spurs, when their whole
+nature appears to change, and you can enjoy a tolerably pleasant ride.
+"The Ladybird" says she was taught "that a horse can do no wrong." As
+a matter of theory the idea is a very pretty one, but I can only say,
+as a simple matter of fact, that I have often known a horse exhibit a
+very large amount of what the late Mr. Artemus Ward called
+"cussedness"; and I know of nothing that, when a horse is in that
+frame of mind, will bring him to his senses so quickly, so
+effectually, and with so much convenience to the rider, as a sharp
+spur. In far-off lands, I was once nearly two hours doing a distance
+of some seven miles on a new purchase. I was then without spurs; but
+the next day, when I was provided with them, the same animal did the
+same distance easily and pleasantly in about forty minutes. I very
+much dislike to see a lady use a whip to her horse: and, as I have
+always proved spurs to be a great convenience, I recommend a lady to
+wear one, and to use it _when necessary_ in preference to the whip.
+
+I am, &c.
+
+SOUTHERN CROSS.
+
+December, 1880.
+
+                 *       *       *       *       *
+
+SIR,--Since I have come to London I have been asked so many questions
+respecting the reason why ladies so often "pull their horses," that I
+feel I may accomplish some good by answering, or may at least assist
+in doing away with a very crying evil. My opinion is that there is
+usually but one reason, viz. because the horses pull them; but for a
+woman to pull against a pulling horse only increases the evil. It is a
+fallacy, and can never accomplish the desired end. A determined puller
+cannot, under any circumstances, be suitable to a lady, and should
+never be ridden by one, unless she be a sufficiently good rider and
+have sufficiently good hands to make the horse's mouth, which is not
+the case with one woman in five hundred, or, I might almost say, one
+man either. Horses that pull have been almost invariably spoilt in the
+training. Occasionally a fine-mouthed animal will be ruined by an
+ignorant or cruel rider, but I must say, in justice to my sex, that
+they are seldom guilty of doing it. The fault lies amongst men. Many
+women are ignorant riders; but, thank God! the blot of cruelty rarely
+defaces their name. Women are naturally gentle, kindly,
+and--_cowardly_; three things calculated not to injure a horse, except
+it be the latter, which enables him to discover that he can be master
+if he please. Doubtless there are cruel women, also, who cut and lash,
+and tug and spur, and treat heaven's noble gifts as though they were
+mere machinery, and not flesh and blood like ourselves; but how often
+shall I say, in answer to the numerous cases cited to me, that in
+writing upon this or any other subject I speak of the rule, not of the
+isolated exceptions. When a man begins to break a horse he regularly
+prepares for combat. He sets himself to work with a resolute
+determination to fight and be fought, as though he had a strong
+rebellious spirit to deal with and conquer, instead of a loving,
+kindly, timid nature, which needs nought save gentleness to make it
+amenable to even the rudest hand. The man begins by pulling; the
+horse, on the schoolboy "tit for tat" principle, pulls against him in
+return; is sold before his education (bad as it has been) is half
+completed; is ridden out to exercise by grooms with heavy iron hands;
+is handed over to the riding-school and to carry young ladies when
+every bit of spirit has been knocked out of him, except the determined
+one of pulling--pulls resolutely against the feeble hands striving to
+control him; is pulled and strained at in return, and becomes in time
+a confirmed and unmanageable brute. I wish I could persuade ladies
+_not_ to pull their horses. In a former number I endeavoured to tell
+them the proper method of managing or dealing with a pulling animal:
+neither to drop their hands to him, nor to pull one ounce against him.
+He will be certain after a few strides to yield a bit, when the
+hands--hitherto firm, should immediately yield to him, thus
+establishing a sort of give and take principle, which will soon be
+perfectly understood by the intelligent creature under control. We do
+not half appreciate our horses. Every touch of our fingers, every word
+we utter, every glance from our eye is noted by the horse, and is
+valued or resented as it deserves. So many animals are made unruly by
+the undue use of a severe curb that I strongly advise a trial of the
+snaffle only, holding the curb-rein loosely over the little finger, so
+that it may be in an instant taken up in case it prove necessary,
+which, in my opinion, it rarely will. To illustrate my meaning, on
+Monday last I rode a mare for a lady, who was very desirous of
+ascertaining whether the animal was capable of carrying a lady with
+safety. The groom, who was to accompany me, was evidently extremely
+nervous. He told me, as we started, that the mare had never done any
+saddle work, except with a very wild young gentleman-rider, who had
+bitted her severely, and yet found her difficult to manage; and he
+implored me earnestly to keep a good hold of the curb. I found that
+she hung desperately upon her bridle, kept her head between her knees
+with a strong, determined, heavy pull upon the bit, and rough, jerky
+action, which was most unpleasant. When I got her into the Row she
+nearly pulled my arms out in her canter--the tug she had upon the
+bridle was quite terrific; and, evidently prepared for the accustomed
+fight, she put back her ears and shook her wicked head angrily. I rode
+her from Palace Gate to Hyde Park Corner in the same manner as I have
+sought to impress upon my lady readers--namely, not pulling one atom
+against her, but keeping my hands low and firm, and yielding slightly
+to her in her stride. By the time we had turned at the Corner she had
+quite given up fighting. I then dropped the curb, and rode her
+entirely upon the snaffle. The effect was magical. She lifted her
+head, ceased pulling altogether, and went along in a pleasant joyous
+canter, going well up to her bridle, but not attempting any liberties
+whatever, In an hour's time, as you, sir, who were riding with me will
+bear testimony, I was holding her with _one hand_, stooping forward,
+and making much of her with the other, an attention which she
+evidently regarded as a pleasing novelty, and highly appreciated.
+Finding her slightly untractable during the ride homeward I once more
+lightly took up the curb. It maddened her in a moment. She turned
+round and round, ran me against a cart, and behaved so excitedly that
+it required my best skill, confidence, and temper to restore her
+equanimity and steer her safely (using the snaffle only) to her
+destination. On dismounting I observed to the groom that considering
+the amount of exercise and excitement through which she had passed, it
+was wonderful she had not sweated. His answer was that she was always
+fed upon cooked food, and that the chief sustenance of the horse which
+he himself was riding--a remarkably fine three-year-old--was boiled
+barley. I have never, myself, tried this feeding, but if looks and
+condition may be regarded as recommendation, it must be most
+excellent.
+
+I am, Sir,
+
+Yours obediently,
+
+NANNIE POWER O'DONOGHUE.
+
+                 *       *       *       *       *
+
+SIR,--I have been very greatly interested by the remarks on saddles,
+spurs, &c., made by your lady correspondents. My husband is a large
+ranchero, or cattle-farmer, on the Rio Grande, between Mexico and
+Texas, and naturally I have had much experience of hard as well as
+long-distance riding. Having been accustomed to hunting when I was a
+girl, I came out here with an exaggerated idea of my skill in
+horsemanship. My first ride in Mexico was one of three hundred miles,
+which we did in seven days; I rode on an English hunting-saddle
+almost, if not quite, as "straight as a board." After the second day I
+found it as uncomfortable a seat as could be desired, and was glad to
+change it for the peon's ordinary Mexican saddle, which I found
+perfectly easy and comparatively comfortable to my English one. This
+last I have found exceedingly fatiguing and ill-adapted to a long
+journey, although very good for a few hours' ride after wild cattle,
+which is a certain approach to hunting, although the jumping is not
+stiff. Lately I had another saddle sent out from England, which was a
+little deeper, and I find it much more useful for long distances. As
+ladies are not in the habit of riding steeplechases, I would venture
+to suggest that, for hard riding, such as hunting, the saddle might
+rather be heavier than lighter, as I am sure that this must give more
+relief to the horse's back. In fact, I believe that the sore backs so
+often produced by ladies' saddles are more frequently caused by the
+saddle being too light than too heavy. I quite agree with some of your
+correspondents that the padded stirrup is most dangerous, as it is not
+easy to get the foot out quickly if anything should happen.
+
+The principle, as stated by the Mexicans, of striking a horse between
+the ears is not to bring him down by _fright_, but to bring him down
+by _force_, so as to "stun" him. Now, do you think that any of your
+fair correspondents could accomplish this with a light park or
+hunting-whip? I may be very bold to offer any suggestions, but the
+lady's sidesaddle of the nineteenth century is very far from being
+pleasant. Why should not ladies in this age of progression begin to
+ride on saddles shaped like a man's, with the same seat a man uses? It
+would be much more comfortable, as even a stout lady could not look
+much more ungraceful than she does now, besides materially lessening
+the danger. I send you a sketch of a Mexican saddle.
+
+I am, &c.
+
+CAMPESINA.
+
+San Antonio de Bexar, Texas, U.S.A.
+
+P.S.--I would not like you to imagine that I intend to slight such an
+admirable authority as Mrs. Power O'Donoghue, but I should be much
+obliged to any of your correspondents for the design of an improved
+saddle, suitable alike for riding a young nervous horse and for journey
+purposes. I have a design for such a saddle, but I do not know how far
+it may be practicable. I think if ladies would give their ideas upon
+this subject through the medium of your columns, some real improvement
+might be arrived at.
+
+C.
+
+                 *       *       *       *       *
+
+Sir,--In your issue of the 27th November my letter appeared,
+recommending that the use of side-saddles should be discontinued. Your
+correspondent, "Jack Spur," mentions, in a letter published on the
+13th November, that in some works concerning the Sandwich Islands, in
+the Northern Pacific Ocean, and the Rocky Mountains, North America,
+the authoress, Miss Isabella L. Bird, states that she was accustomed,
+while there, to ride on horseback astride.
+
+A few extracts from her above-mentioned writings will probably
+interest your readers. When in Hawaii, or Owyhee, one of the Sandwich
+Islands, the authoress referred to accompanied some friends on
+horseback to the Anuenue Falls on the Wailuku river (a river which
+forms a boundary between two great volcanoes), and on that occasion
+used a side-saddle, but was afterwards advised by one of the party to
+follow the native fashion of riding astride. Having acted upon this
+advice, she was well satisfied with the result of the trial, and
+continued to adopt that style while in the Sandwich Islands, and also
+in the Rocky Mountains, where she remained nearly four months. The
+following extract from a letter written by her about the 28th of
+January, from Hilo, Hawaii, and published in _The Hawaiian
+Archipelago: Six Months in the Sandwich Islands_, 1875, page 66, gives
+further particulars of her visit to the Anuenue Falls, above referred
+to:--
+
+"Everything was new and interesting, but the ride was spoiled by my
+insecure seat in my saddle, and the increased pain in my spine which
+riding produced. Once, in crossing a stream, the horses had to make a
+sort of downward jump from a rock, and I slipped round my horse's
+neck; indeed, on the way back I felt that on the ground of health I
+must give up the volcano, as I would never consent to be carried to
+it, like Lady Franklin, in a litter. When we returned, Mr. Severance
+suggested that it would be much better for me to follow the Hawaiian
+fashion, and ride astride, and put his saddle on the horse. It was
+only my strong desire to see the volcano which made me consent to a
+mode of riding against which I have so strong a prejudice; but the
+result of the experiment is that I shall visit Kilanea thus or not at
+all. The native women all ride astride on ordinary occasions in the
+full sacks, or holukus, and on gala days in the pan, the gay winged
+dress which I described in writing from Honolulu. A great many of the
+foreign ladies in Hawaii have adopted the Mexican saddle also" (this
+means that they ride astride) "for greater security to themselves and
+ease to their horses on the steep and perilous bridle-tracks, but they
+wear full Turkish trousers, and jauntily-made dresses reaching to the
+ankles."
+
+After leaving the Sandwich Islands she went to the Rocky Mountains,
+and in a letter dated the 23rd of October, and published in _A Lady's
+Life in the Rocky Mountains_, 1879, she writes from the Colorado
+District, North America:--
+
+"I rode sidewise till I was well through the town, long enough to
+produce a severe pain in my spine, which was not relieved for some
+time even after I had changed my position. It was a lovely Indian
+summer day, so warm that the snow on the ground looked an
+incongruity."
+
+From the fact that many ladies, when in the Sandwich Islands, ride
+astride, and that Miss Bird found this position preferable in many
+respects to that which a side-saddle obliges the rider to take, I
+infer that ladies in England would be pleased if a change in the mode
+of riding were introduced.
+
+Proprietors of circuses will perhaps permit me to offer for their
+consideration that by allowing this mode of riding to form a part of
+some of the circus performances, they might do a great deal towards
+causing it to be recognised by the public as the correct style, and
+that one great obstacle in the way of its being generally adopted by
+horsewomen would then be removed.
+
+I wish also to suggest that it should be taught at several
+riding-schools, so that a large number of pupils may commence at the
+same time.
+
+I am, Sir,
+
+Your obedient servant,
+
+X. Y. Z.
+
+                 *       *       *       *       *
+
+SIR,--The letters of your correspondent, Mrs. Power O'Donoghue, are
+very instructive and trustworthy, because founded upon practical
+experience. In her letter of last week she recommends the feeding of
+hunters upon _cooked food_. This to many sportsmen will be a new
+theory; not so to me, and I wish to confirm her views, but I carry them
+out in a more economical way. My establishment is but a small one. I
+cannot afford space or attendance for a cooking-house, but I believe I
+arrive at the same results as she does, by steeping my oats in cold
+water for a given number of hours, and adding a pound of Indian meal,
+with a handful of chopped hay and oaten straw to each feed three times
+a day. My horses have a constant supply of water in a manger in a
+convenient corner of their stables. I believe horses fed upon dry oats
+and hay suffer much from thirst. I observe my horses take many sups of
+water through the day, but take much less on the whole than when
+watered upon the old practice twice daily. Practically, I find my
+horses very healthy, strong, and enduring, and I would freely recommend
+the adoption of this mode of feeding hunters to my sporting friends.
+
+FARMER.
+
+                 *       *       *       *       *
+
+SIR,--I am still so inundated with correspondence--many writers asking
+me precisely the same questions--that I shall regard it as a favour if
+you will again allow me to answer a few of them through the medium of
+your paper.
+
+CONN. DASHPUR.--You and your horse were immersed in the river, simply
+because you did not give him sufficient head-room to enable him to
+take the jump with safety. In coming up to a wide stretch of water you
+should always leave your mount abundant opportunity to extend his head
+and neck, nor should you wait to do this until you are just on the
+brink,--it will then, most likely, be too late to save you and him a
+wetting. A horse stretches his neck coming up to a water-jump, partly
+that he may see well what is before him, and partly because his
+intelligence tells him that he cannot compass it if tightly reined in.
+Leave him his head, and if he is a hunter worth riding he will
+calculate his distance and bear you safely over. At the same time you
+must remember to give him sufficient support when he lands, or he may
+peck, or roll, and give you an ugly fall. A horse is much more liable
+to come down over a water-jump than at a fence, for the swinging pace
+at which you must necessarily send him at it--combined with the
+_absolute_ necessity for leaving him complete freedom of his
+head--forbids that "steadying" process, which, at the hands of an
+accomplished rider, usually ensures safety over wall or ditch.
+Questions similar to yours have been asked me by H. CADLICOTT, MAURICE
+HONE, and GUY. In answering one, therefore, I reply to each.
+
+ELLICE GREENWAY.--Your MS. never reached me; you must have misdirected
+it,--but in any case I could not have been of service to you, as I
+have no time for revising other people's work, nor would my
+recommendation carry any weight. Publishers judge for themselves. Your
+papers must go in on their merits, and be accepted or rejected
+accordingly. I quite agree with you that declined MSS. should--when
+accompanied by a stamped and addressed envelope--be returned to the
+sender with the least possible delay. No matter how great or hurried
+may be the business of an office, there is in reality no excuse for
+inattention to this rule. The very best and busiest of the weekly
+journals comply with it, and persons who do not want to be treated
+with snobbish indifference had better not write for any other. Perhaps
+if you call, or send a line privately to the Editor, you may succeed
+in getting back your work; but do not be expectant.
+
+KING LEAR.--The horse you name attained his victory in 1878. He
+carried 12 st. 7 lbs.
+
+G. HUNT.--Beauparc; but he did not win.
+
+P. RYALL.--At Thirsk. He fell at the second obstacle, and although
+speedily remounted, his chance was extinguished. Pinnace ran well, and
+was in great form. His defeat was a surprise, but your informant has
+not given you reliable details.
+
+JAMES.--Read _Silk and Scarlet_, one of the "Druid" series. Thanks for
+too flattering opinion.
+
+FORDHAM.--The course is a most trying one, and the feat was one never
+before attempted by a lady. I did it to show that my horse was capable
+of accomplishing the task, and the risk was not what you describe it,
+for he was too clever to put a foot astray. Major Stone of the 80th
+accompanied me, and gave me a good lead. The only time I passed him
+was when his horse refused at an ugly post and rail. It is not true
+that he was thrown. He rode splendidly, managing a difficult horse.
+There was no "crowd," and in short it is evident that you have
+received an exaggerated account of the affair.
+
+J. DUNNE.--He won at Newcastle in 1879.
+
+COLLINS W.--She was, in my opinion, unfairly handicapped, and the
+verdict was general respecting the matter.
+
+DOUGLAS.--The horse was not shot for five hours after, and lay
+quivering all that time. The owner was absent, and four of us galloped
+in search of him. Nobody was to blame. Mr. W. B. Morris, 7th Hussars,
+was the rider, and no better ever wore silk.
+
+MONTAUBAN.--I have already detailed at some length my objections to
+children riding before they have strength and judgment sufficient to
+enable them to manage a horse. Moreover, if a child--say a little
+girl--gets a severe fall, the shock to her nervous system is most
+likely to be a lasting one, and in some cases is never got over;
+whereas grown girls are less liable to fall, if they have any sort of
+fair teaching, and certainly have stronger nerves and firmer
+resolution to enable them to bear the casualties attendant upon the
+practice of the art.
+
+CURIOUS.--Griffin and Hawkes, of Birmingham, by the burning of whose
+premises some of my most valued MSS. were lost.
+
+JESSICA.--It is quite untrue. Her Imperial Majesty dresses and mounts
+in ordinary fashion. There is not one word of truth in the
+widely-circulated statement that her habit is buttoned on after she
+has mounted, nor is her jacket ever made "tight." It is close-fitting
+and beautifully adapted to her figure, but sufficiently large to leave
+her abundant room to move in. The Empress despises tight stays,
+gloves, and boots. Her waist is small, but not wasp-like. The absurd
+announcement that it measured but twelve inches (recently published in
+one of the weekly journals) is as false as it is foolish. Nobody could
+exist with such a deformity. The Empress takes morning exercise upon a
+trapeze. Her hair is dark, shaded to gold-colour, like a wood in
+autumn. The report that she dyes it is one of the many calumnies of
+which she is the subject, but which happily cannot harm her. She is
+_not_ affable; her manner is stately in the extreme, to all except
+those with whom she desires to converse. She speaks fair but not
+fluent English. This reply to JESSICA is also for FRANK KURTZ, AMY
+ROBSART, and ALICIA BOND.
+
+JULIUS.--It was not I who wrote it. I got the credit of it, but did
+not covet the distinction.
+
+GEORGE K.--Nobody assists me. Of course you mean as an amanuensis:
+otherwise your question would be an offence. I write my thoughts in
+short-hand, and copy at leisure for the press. My time for writing is
+when the house is quiet,--generally from 10 P.M. to 2 or 3 in the
+morning. I have answered you--but against my will, as I much dislike
+personal questions. Were I to reply to such in general, my entire life
+would be laid bare to the eyes of a disinterested public, in order to
+gratify a few persons, who have no motive save one of idle curiosity.
+
+T. CANNON.--_Grandfather's Hunter_ is sold out. _Horses and Horsemen_
+is to be had, but its price puts it beyond the pale of ordinary
+purchasers. Try Bumpus, or Mudie.
+
+OXONIAN.--You are wrong,--nor have I asked your opinion. It is easier
+to criticise than to write. Having done the former, pray do the
+latter, and submit to others' criticism.
+
+MARCIA FLOOD.--Two yards round the hem is amply sufficient width. I
+consider the price you name quite exorbitant. Try one of those
+mentioned by me in my chapter upon riding-gear.
+
+Thanking you, Sir, for your kindness in granting me so much of your
+valuable space.
+
+I am, yours obediently,
+
+NANNIE POWER O'DONOGHUE.
+
+                 *       *       *       *       *
+
+SIR,--In a recent edition "Jack Spur" asks if it is usual in any
+country for ladies to ride _a la_ Duchess de Berri, _i.e._ as a
+gentleman, astride. In Mexico and the States of the River Plate this
+is the usual mount of the fair ones of the district, and, clad in
+loose Turkish pantalettes tucked into the riding-boots of soft yellow
+leather, a loose sort of tunic secured by a belt, and wearing the
+_ladies'_ "sombrero," very charming these fair _equestriennes_ look,
+and splendid horsewomen they are. Talk of ladies, your "Fair Play"
+should see the long, sharp, Mexican spurs attached to the heels of
+these fair prairie-rangers, and witness how unsparingly they are used.
+Sometimes I, who am no namby-pamby rider, and have seen my share of
+rough work, have ventured to remonstrate in a half-jocular manner (as
+became a stranger and foreigner) when riding along with a Mexican
+lady, who generally keeps her steed at a full gallop by the
+remorseless application of these instruments of punishment. But the
+reply was merely a silvery laugh, and "Ah, senor, here horses are
+cheap, and when one is finished we have plenty more for the catching.
+Come along!" My experience of ladies on horseback as a rule is that
+they are more severe than men; perhaps it is thoughtlessness, but
+certainly for hard riding and severe spurring I have never seen any to
+surpass a Mexican senora, whose favourite pace is a stretching gallop
+without cessation, until her steed is perfectly pumped out, and as
+horseflesh is of no value whatever, and no Society for the Prevention
+of Cruelty to Animals exists, I am afraid I must record a verdict of
+cruelty against some of the most charming women I ever met. To their
+fellow mortals all kindness and goodness, but when mounted on their
+mustang they seem to forget that he can feel either fatigue or pain.
+Certainly the temptation is great. A horse is of no value; you seldom
+mount the same twice on a journey, and across the beautiful prairies a
+wild gallop is the pace. But I should be sorry to see an English lady
+dismount from her steed, leaving him utterly exhausted and pumped out,
+and his flanks streaming with blood from deep spur-strokes. This I
+have too often seen in South America. Everyone does it, and it is
+little thought of; but by all means let us cherish a better feeling,
+and not give any needless pain to that noble animal, the horse. Let
+the ladies avoid the use of sharp spurs; most horses ridden by ladies
+here are perfectly amenable to the whip and rein, and the use of the
+spur is somewhat inharmonious with the gentle character of our English
+women.
+
+GUACHO.
+
+St. Leonards, 1880.
+
+                 *       *       *       *       *
+
+    "The correspondence upon this subject, called forth by Mrs. Power
+    O'Donoghue's admirable papers 'Ladies on Horseback,' has been so
+    voluminous, and appears likely to go on for such a lengthened
+    period, that I am reluctantly obliged to bring it to a close, in
+    order to make space for other matter."--ED. _Illustrated Sporting
+    and Dramatic News._
+
+
+London: Printed by W. H. Allen & Co., 13, Waterloo Place, S.W.
+
+
+
+
+WORKS PUBLISHED
+
+BY
+
+W. H. ALLEN & CO.
+
+
+HOW TO RIDE AND SCHOOL A HORSE, With a System of Horse Gymnastics.
+BY EDWARD L. ANDERSON. Crown 8vo. 2s. 6d.
+
+                 *       *       *       *       *
+
+MAYHEW (EDWARD) ILLUSTRATED HORSE DOCTOR. Being an Accurate and
+Detailed Account, accompanied by more than 400 Pictorial Representations,
+characteristic of the various Diseases to which the Equine Race are
+subjected; together with the latest Mode of Treatment, and all the
+requisite Prescriptions written in Plain English. BY EDWARD MAYHEW,
+M.R.C.V.S. 8vo. 18s. 6d.
+
+CONTENTS.--The Brain and Nervous System.--The Eyes.--The Mouth.--The
+Nostrils.--The Throat.--The Chest and its contents.--The Stomach,
+Liver, &c.--The Abdomen.--The Urinary Organs.--The Skin.--Specific
+Diseases.--Limbs.--The Feet.--Injuries.--Operations.
+
+    "The book contains nearly 600 pages of valuable matter, which
+    reflects great credit on its author, and, owing to its practical
+    details, the result of deep scientific research, deserves a place
+    in the library of medical, veterinary, and non-professional
+    readers."--_Field._
+
+    "The book furnishes at once the bane and the antidote, as the
+    drawings show the horse not only suffering from every kind of
+    disease, but in the different stages of it, while the alphabetical
+    summary at the end gives the cause, symptoms, and treatment of
+    each."--_Illustrated London News._
+
+MAYHEW (EDWARD) ILLUSTRATED HORSE MANAGEMENT.--Containing descriptive
+remarks upon Anatomy, Medicine, Shoeing, Teeth, Food, Vices, Stables;
+likewise a plain account of the situation, nature, and value of the
+various points; together with comments on grooms, dealers, breeders,
+breakers, and trainers; Embellished with more than 400 engravings from
+original designs made expressly for this work. By E. MAYHEW. A new
+Edition, revised and improved by J. I. LUPTON, M.R.C.V.S. 8vo. 12s.
+
+CONTENTS.--The body of the horse anatomically considered. PHYSIC.--The
+mode of administering it, and minor operations. SHOEING.--Its origin,
+its uses, and its varieties. THE TEETH.--Their natural growth, and the
+abuses to which they are liable. FOOD.--The fittest time for feeding,
+and the kind of food which the horse naturally consumes. The evils
+which are occasioned by modern stables. The faults inseparable from
+stables. The so-called "incapacitating vices," which are the results
+of injury or of disease. Stables as they should be. GROOMS.--Their
+prejudices, their injuries, and their duties. POINTS.--Their relative
+importance, and where to look for their development. BREEDING.--Its
+inconsistencies and its disappointments. BREAKING AND TRAINING.--Their
+errors and their results.
+
+                 *       *       *       *       *
+
+DAUMAS (E.) HORSES OF THE SAHARA, AND THE MANNERS OF THE DESERT. By
+E. DAUMAS, General of the Division Commanding at Bordeaux,
+Senator, &c. &c. With Commentaries by the Emir Abd-el-Kadir
+(Authorized Edition). 8vo. 6s.
+
+    "We have rarely read a work giving a more picturesque and, at the
+    same time, practical account of the manners and customs of a
+    people, than this book on the Arabs and their horses."--_Edinburgh
+    Courant._
+
+
+
+
+THURSTON & CO.
+
+BILLIARD TABLE MANUFACTURERS.
+
+LAMP MAKERS AND GAS FITTERS.
+
+_BY APPOINTMENT TO HER MAJESTY THE QUEEN, AND HER ROYAL HIGHNESS THE
+PRINCESS OF WALES._
+
+ESTABLISHED A.D. 1814.
+
+16, CATHERINE STREET, STRAND, LONDON.
+
+_PRIZE MEDAL, SYDNEY, 1879, FIRST AWARD._
+
+
+
+
+S. & H. HARRIS'S
+
+57, MANSELL STREET, E.,
+
+EBONITE WATERPROOF BLACKING
+
+FOR HUNTING OR WALKING BOOTS.
+
+REQUIRES NO BRUSHING.
+
+HARNESS COMPOSITION
+  (Waterproof).
+
+SADDLE PASTE
+  (Waterproof).
+
+JET BLACK OIL,
+  For Harness.
+
+BLACK DYE, FOR STAINING HARNESS,
+  And all kinds of Leather.
+
+WATERPROOF DUBBIN,
+  For Boots and Harness.
+
+BREECHES POWDER,
+  For Cleaning Hunting Breeches.
+
+POLISHING PASTE,
+  For Cleaning Metals and Glass.
+
+S. & H. HARRIS,
+
+57, MANSELL STREET, E.
+
+
+
+
+H. PEAT & CO.,
+
+173, PICCADILLY,
+
+LONDON, W.,
+
+SADDLERS & HARNESS MAKERS
+
+TO THEIR ROYAL HIGHNESSES
+
+The Prince of Wales, the Duke of Edinburgh,
+
+_Her Majesty's Cavalry and the Crown Agents
+for the Colonies._
+
+
+
+
+[The following advertisements have been moved from the beginning of
+the book.]
+
+
+[Illustration: Silver Medal
+Vienna 1873.
+
+Paris 1878.
+Philadelphia 1876.]
+
+SWAINE ADENEY,
+
+WHIP MANUFACTURERS,
+
+_To THE QUEEN, THE PRINCE and PRINCESS OF WALES and the ROYAL
+FAMILY_,
+
+185, PICCADILLY,
+
+LONDON, W.
+
+WHIPS OF EVERY DESCRIPTION FOR RIDING, DRIVING, & HUNTING, &c.
+
+WHIPS MOUNTED IN GOLD AND SILVER, FOR PRESENTATION, ALWAYS ON HAND.
+
+HUNTING FLASKS, HORNS, &c.
+
+
+
+
+THE NEW LEVEL-SEAT SIDE SADDLE,
+
+WITH ADJUSTABLE THIRD CRUTCH AND OTHER IMPROVEMENTS,
+
+As recommended and used by Mrs. Power O'Donoghue, Authoress of
+"LADIES ON HORSEBACK," &c. &c.
+
+This perfect Side Saddle is moderate in price, light and elegant in
+appearance, faultless in materials and workmanship, ensures ease,
+comfort, and security to the rider, and obviates sore backs with
+horses.
+
+MADE TO ORDER AND MEASURE BY
+
+F. V. NICHOLLS & CO.,
+
+HUNTING & MILITARY SADDLERS,
+
+Manufacturers of Harness, Horse Clothing, Whips, and Stable Requisites,
+
+2, JERMYN STREET, HAYMARKET,
+
+LONDON.
+
+The Gentleman's narrow-grip "Brough" Saddle, any size and weight, from
+L7, complete.
+
+The Gentleman Rider's Racing Saddle, L3 to L4, complete, very roomy,
+with Buckskin Flaps, &c.
+
+THE IMPROVED NEWMARKET & ING GUY SNAFFLE BRIDLES, FOR PULLING HORSES.
+
+Branch Business: 18, ARTILLERY PLACE, WOOLWICH.
+
+
+
+
+ROWLANDS' ODONTO OR PEARL DENTIFRICE
+
+has been celebrated for more than half a century as the best, purest,
+and most fragrant preparation for the teeth ever made. Health depends
+in a great measure upon the soundness of the teeth, and all dentists
+will allow that neither washes nor pastes can possibly be as
+efficacious for polishing the teeth and keeping them sound and white as
+a pure and non-gritty tooth-powder; such Rowlands' Odonto has always
+proved itself to be. Great care must be taken to ask for ROWLANDS'
+ODONTO, of 20, Hatton Garden, London, and to see that each box bears
+the 3d. Government Stamp, without which no ODONTO is genuine.
+
+
+ROWLANDS' MACASSAR OIL
+
+is universally in high repute for its unprecedented success during the
+last 80 years in promoting the growth, restoring, improving, and
+beautifying the human hair. For children it is especially recommended,
+as forming the basis of a beautiful head of hair, while its
+introduction into the nursery of Royalty is a sufficient proof of its
+merits. It is perfectly free from any lead, mineral, or poisonous
+ingredients.
+
+
+ROWLANDS' KALYDOR
+
+produces a beautiful pure and healthy complexion, eradicates freckles,
+tan, prickly heat, sunburn, &c., and is most cooling and refreshing to
+the face, hands, and arms during hot weather.
+
+
+_Ask any Perfumery dealer for ROWLANDS' Articles, of 20, Hatton
+Garden, London, and avoid spurious worthless imitations._
+
+
+
+
+MESSRS. JAY
+
+
+_Have the honour to solicit a visit from the Beau Monde to inspect a
+variety of Elegant Silk Costumes, Mantles, Artistic Millinery, Hats,
+also Novelties in Dress, specially selected in Paris from the best
+Artistes representing the Fashions of the Season._
+
+243, 245, 247, 249, 251, & 253, Regent Street, W.
+
+
+
+
+W. FAULKNER,
+
+LADIES' & GENTLEMEN'S HUNTING, SHOOTING, & WALKING BOOT MAKER,
+
+52, SOUTH MOLTON STREET, BOND STREET, W.
+
+_Manufacturer of the Celebrated Edinburgh Boot Varnish, Blacking, and
+Waterproof Leather Dressing._
+
+MILITARY BOOTS.
+
+The "Bective" Boots and Shoes to match Costumes.
+
+Improved Flexura Boots.
+
+Mountain Boots.
+
+Skating Boots.
+
+[Illustration: A Boot]
+
+Lawn Tennis Shoes.
+
+Oxford Shoes.
+
+Slippers to any style.
+
+LADIES' RIDING & HUNTING BOOTS OF EVERY DESCRIPTION.
+
+_The Shape of the Feet taken and Lasts Modelled on the most approved,
+anatomical principles, and kept exclusively for each customer._
+
+W. FAULKNER begs most respectfully to call the attention of
+Ladies and Gentlemen to the BOOT TREE Branch. Boot Trees assist to keep
+the boots in proper shape, preventing them from wrinkling and shrinking
+after they have been worn in the wet; they can be cleaned better, and
+do not require so much blacking, thereby preventing the deleterious
+effect produced by its frequent application.
+
+Lasts and Boot Trees of every description Manufactured on the Premises.
+
+Ladies residing in the Country can have Boots or Boot Trees sent their
+exact size by forwarding an Old Boot by Post.
+
+
+
+
+_To H.R.H. PRINCESS CHRISTIAN._
+
+SYKES, JOSEPHINE, & CO.
+
+"CORSETS."
+
+280, REGENT STREET, LONDON,
+
+AND
+
+56A, OLD STEYNE, BRIGHTON.
+
+RIDING CORSETS OF EVERY DESCRIPTION MADE TO ORDER.
+
+  MANUFACTORIES {RUE RAMBUTEAU, PARIS.
+                         {GREAT CASTLE STREET, LONDON.
+
+
+
+
+HOW TO RIDE AND SCHOOL A HORSE
+
+BY
+
+E. L. ANDERSON.
+
+_Crown 8vo. Price, 2s. 6d._
+
+
+"It requires the study of only a very few pages of this book to
+convince the reader that the author thoroughly understands his
+subject."--_Illustrated Sporting and Dramatic News._
+
+"Concise, practical directions for riding and training, by which
+the pupil may become his own master."--_Land and Water._
+
+"A useful and carefully-written volume."--_Sporting Times._
+
+"It is sensible and practical."--_Whitehall Review._
+
+"We cordially commend this book."--_Indian Daily News._
+
+"The work is a good riding-master's book, with no superfluous words,
+and with plain, straightforward directions throughout. The chapter
+on 'The Walk and the Trot' seems to us especially practical and
+good."--_Farmer._
+
+"Goes straight to the core of the subject, and is throughout replete
+with sound sense."--_Home News._
+
+"Cannot fail to be of service to the young equestrian, while it
+contains many hints that may be advantageously borne in mind by
+experienced riders."--_Scotsman._
+
+"Mr. Anderson gives good practical advice, and we commend the work
+to the attention of our readers."--_Live Stock Journal._
+
+
+London: W. H. ALLEN & CO., 13 Waterloo Place.
+
+
+
+
+THE ILLUSTRATED HORSE DOCTOR
+
+Being an Accurate and Detailed Account, accompanied by more than 400
+Pictorial Representations, characteristic of the various Diseases to
+which the Equine Race are subjected; together with the latest Mode of
+Treatment, and all the requisite Prescriptions written in Plain
+English.
+
+By EDWARD MAYHEW, M.R.C.V.S.
+
+8_vo._, 18_s._ 6_d._
+
+CONTENTS.--The Brain and Nervous System.--The Eyes.--The
+Mouth.--The Nostrils.--The Throat.--The Chest and its contents.--
+The Stomach, Liver, &c.--The Abdomen.--The Urinary Organs.--The
+Skin.--Specific Diseases.--Limbs.--The Feet.--Injuries.--Operations.
+
+    "The book contains nearly 600 pages of valuable matter, which
+    reflects great credit on its author, and, owing to its practical
+    details, the result of deep scientific research, deserves a place
+    in the library of medical, veterinary, and non-professional
+    readers."--_Field._
+
+    "The book furnishes at once the bane and the antidote, as the
+    drawings show the horse not only suffering from every kind of
+    disease, but in the different stages of it, while the alphabetical
+    summary at the end gives the cause, symptoms and treatment of
+    each."--_Illustrated London News._
+
+
+ILLUSTRATED HORSE MANAGEMENT.
+
+Containing Descriptive Remarks upon Anatomy, Medicine, Shoeing, Teeth,
+Food, Vices, Stables; likewise a plain account of the situation,
+nature, and value of the various points; together with comments on
+grooms, dealers, breeders, breakers, and trainers. Embellished with
+more than 400 engravings from original designs made expressly for this
+work.
+
+By E. MAYHEW.
+
+_A New Edition, Revised and Improved_, 8_vo._, 12_s._,
+
+By J. I. LUPTON, M.R.C.V.S.
+
+CONTENTS:--The body of the horse anatomically considered. _Physic._
+--The mode of administering it, and minor operations. _Shoeing._--
+Its origin, its uses, and its varieties. _The Teeth._--Their natural
+growth, and the abuses to which they are liable. _Food._--The fittest
+time for feeding, and the kind of food which the horse naturally
+consumes. The evils which are occasioned by modern stables. The
+faults inseparable from stables. The so-called "incapacitating
+vices," which are the results of injury or of disease. Stables as
+they should be. _Grooms._--Their prejudices, their injuries, and
+their duties. _Points._--Their relative importance, and where to
+look for their development. _Breeding._--Its inconsistencies and
+its disappointments. _Breaking and Training._--Their errors and
+their results.
+
+
+LONDON: W. H. ALLEN & CO., 13 WATERLOO PLACE.
+
+
+
+
+SELECTION FROM
+
+W. H. Allen & Co.'s Catalogue.
+
+
+SKETCHES FROM NIPAL. Historical and Descriptive, with Anecdotes of
+Court Life and Wild Sports of the country in the Time of Maharaja
+Jang Bahadur, G.C.B. With Illustrations of Religious Monuments,
+Architecture, and Scenery, from the Author's own Drawings. By the late
+HENRY AMBROSE OLDFIELD, M.D., many years Residency Surgeon at
+Khatmandu, Nipal. 2 vols. 8vo., 36_s._
+
+    "The work is full of facts, intelligently observed and faithfully
+    recorded."--_Saturday Review._
+
+    "We have nothing but unqualified praise for the manner in which
+    Dr. Oldfield's manuscript has been edited and published by his
+    relatives. The sketches have just claims to rank very high amongst
+    the standard works on the Kingdoms of High
+    Asia."--_Spectator._
+
+RECORDS OF SPORT AND MILITARY LIFE IN WESTERN INDIA. By the late
+Lieutenant-Colonel G. T. FRASER, formerly of the 1st Bombay
+Fusiliers, and more recently attached to the Staff of H.M.'s Indian
+Army. With an Introduction by Colonel G. B. MALLESON, C.S.I.
+Crown 8vo., 7_s._ 6_d._
+
+    "The style is free from humbug and affectation, and none of the
+    stories are incredible.... Some of the anecdotes about the early
+    life of Outram confirm the opinion of that gallant officer held by
+    his contemporaries."--_Saturday Review._
+
+    "Records his experience in a very simple and unaffected manner, and
+    he has stirring stories to tell."--_Spectator._
+
+THIRTEEN YEARS AMONG THE WILD BEASTS OF INDIA; THEIR HAUNTS AND HABITS.
+From Personal Observation; with an account of the Modes of Capturing
+and Taming Wild Elephants. By G. P. SANDERSON, Officer in Charge of the
+Government Elephant Keddahs at Mysore. With 21 full-page Illustrations
+and Three Maps. Second Edition. Fcp. 4to. L1 5_s._
+
+
+
+
+LATCHFORD & WILLSON,
+
+11, UPPER ST. MARTIN'S LANE,
+
+LONDON, W.C.,
+
+By Appointment to HER MAJESTY, H.R.H. THE PRINCE OF WALES, &c. &c.
+
+MAKERS
+
+OF ALL KINDS OF
+
+BRIDLE-BITS, STIRRUPS, & SPURS.
+
+ALL MODERN FASHIONS, ARMY REGULATIONS, &c.
+
+THE LORINER: Latchford on Bridle-bits and the Bitting of Horses.
+Illustrated, 7s.
+
+PRIZE MEDAL, PARIS.
+
+
+_Just Published, Price 2s. 6d._,
+
+A SYSTEM OF SCHOOL TRAINING FOR HORSES.
+
+By E. L. ANDERSON,
+
+AUTHOR OF "HOW TO RIDE AND SCHOOL A HORSE."
+
+"He is well worthy of a hearing."--_Bell's Life._
+
+"There is no reason why the careful reader should not be able, by the
+help of this little book, to train as well as ride his horse."--_Land
+and Water._
+
+"Each successive stage of the school system is carefully traced, and
+anyone accustomed to the management of horses will therefore be able to
+follow and appreciate the value of Mr. Anderson's kindly method of
+training."--_Daily Chronicle._
+
+
+London: W. H. ALLEN & CO., 13 Waterloo Place.
+
+
+
+
+HOUSE! STABLE! FIELD!
+
+
+W. CLARK'S ELASTIC WATERPROOF POLISH, for Hunting, Shooting, and
+Fishing Boots; also for Ladies' and Gentlemen's ordinary Walking Boots
+and Shoes.
+
+W. CLARK'S BROWN BOOT-TOP FLUID, for restoring Brown Top-Boots to their
+original colour; also a Cream for Polishing, making them equal to new.
+
+W. CLARK'S BREECHES PASTE, for softening and preserving Hunting
+Breeches, Gloves, &c.
+
+W. CLARK'S BOOT-TOP POWDERS, of various colours, White, Pink, Rose
+Pink, Straw, Salmon, Natural, Flesh, Cream, Drab, Melton Brown, three
+colours of Brown, all of the newest description.
+
+W. CLARK'S LIQUID SHOE BLACKING, the best in the world for softening,
+preserving, and superior brilliancy.
+
+W. CLARK'S WATERPROOF HARNESS BLACKING requires neither Oil nor Dye.
+
+W. CLARK'S Newly-invented PASTE, for Harness, Patent and Enamelled
+Leathers. This preparation does not wash off, it renders the leather
+soft, and produces a polish superior to any of its kind in existence.
+
+W. CLARK'S PLATE POWDER, for Cleansing and Restoring Plate, Brass, and
+Metals of every description.
+
+W. CLARK'S SADDLE PASTE, for Softening, Preserving, and Beautifying
+Saddles, Bridles, and every description of Brown Leather, &c.
+
+W. CLARK'S METROPOLITAN POLISH. This article is used for Ladies' and
+Gentlemen's Patent, Enamel, Bronze Glace, Morocco, Kid Boots and Shoes,
+producing a superior polish.
+
+W. CLARK'S PATENT KID REVIVER, for cleaning Black Kid Boots and Shoes,
+making them equal to new, also for reviving all kinds of Black, Blue,
+and Dark Silks, removes grease spots.
+
+W. CLARK'S NE PLUS ULTRA RAVEN JET FRENCH VARNISH, for Ladies' and
+Gentlemen's Evening Dress and ordinary Walking Boots and Shoes,
+producing a most brilliant polish, warranted not to crack or soil the
+finest Cambric.
+
+W. CLARK'S BRASS PASTE produces a fine polish upon Brass, Copper, Tin,
+Pewter, Britannia Metal, Coach Glasses, and Windows.
+
+W. CLARK'S WATERPROOF POUCH PASTE, for Pouches, Belts, Straps,
+Knapsacks, Canteen Coverings, Boots, Leggings &c.
+
+W. CLARK'S EMBROCATION FOR HORSES AND CATTLE, gives immediate relief in
+all cases of Lameness, Sore Throat, Influenza, and Rheumatism.
+
+
+W. CLARK'S
+
+PATENT HORSE CLIPPERS.
+
+[Illustration: No. 1.]
+
+Has been before the Public for 12 years, giving the greatest
+satisfaction, the cheapest and best in the market.
+
+[Illustration: No. 2]
+
+A one-handed Machine for Heads, Ears, Necks, Quarters, Stomachs,
+Stifle, and all difficult parts; also extensively used in cutting the
+human hair in hot climates, where it is required to be cut close.
+
+
+
+
+SADDLERY, HARNESS, HORSE CLOTHING &c.
+
+Saddlers by Appointment.
+
+URCH & CO.,
+
+(ESTABLISHED 1835,)
+
+84, LONG ACRE, LONDON, W.C.
+
+MANUFACTURERS OF EVERY DESCRIPTION OF SADDLERY, HARNESS, &c.
+
+WHOLESALE AND RETAIL.
+
+_A LARGE ASSORTMENT ALWAYS KEPT IN STOCK._
+
+URCH and CO.'S PATENT DOUBLE SPRING BAR for Releasing the Stirrup
+Leather when thrown, can be seen at the above establishment "in working
+order."
+
+
+
+
+_By Appointment to H.M. THE QUEEN OF ENGLAND._
+
+_By Appointment to H.M. THE QUEEN OF DENMARK._
+
+REDFERN,
+
+LADIES' TAILORS,
+
+By Special Appointments
+
+_To H.R.H. THE PRINCESS OF WALES and H.I.H. THE EMPRESS OF
+RUSSIA_,
+
+26, CONDUIT STREET,
+
+Bond Street, London, W.
+
+
+SPECIALITIES--
+
+RIDING HABITS,
+
+_From specially prepared Melton Cloths, &c._
+
+JOHN REDFERN and SONS would particularly draw the
+attention of Ladies to their Improvements in the cut of Riding Habit
+Skirts, on the proper set of which depends the whole effect of the
+Habit. These improvements, while maintaining a tight, well-fitting
+appearance, give perfect comfort and safety to the rider.
+
+
+DRIVING COATS,
+
+_From Waterproofed Box-Cloths, Faced Cloths, Tweeds, &c._
+
+These, together with J. R. and Son's Improved Newmarket Coats, will be
+found most useful for driving to meet and for constant wear.
+
+
+Branch Businesses at Cowes, Isle of Wight, and 242, Rue de Rivoli
+(Place de la Concorde), Paris.
+
+    "The most noted Firm of Ladies' Tailors in the world, and, be it
+    said, the most original."--Extract from _Court Journal_.
+
+
+
+
+_By Appointment to H.M. THE QUEEN OF ENGLAND._
+
+_By Appointment to H.M. THE QUEEN OF DENMARK._
+
+REDFERN,
+
+LADIES' TAILORS,
+
+By Special Appointments
+
+TO H.R.H. THE PRINCESS OF WALES AND H.I.H. THE EMPRESS OF
+RUSSIA,
+
+26, CONDUIT STREET,
+
+BOND STREET, LONDON, W.
+
+
+SPECIALITY--
+
+YACHTING & TRAVELLING GOWNS.
+
+*** From original Colourings in Cloth and Serge, &c.
+
+_The Firm personally superintend every order, and a perfect fit is
+guaranteed._
+
+N.B.--On the occasion of the visit to England of H.S.H. the Princess
+Helena of Waldeck, in March 1882, John Redfern and Sons had the honour
+of making for Her Serene Highness.
+
+On the visit of H.I.M. the Empress Eugenie, accompanied by the late
+Napoleon III., J. R. and Sons had a similar honour.
+
+On the visit of H.I.H. the Crown Princess of Germany, J. R. and Sons
+had the honour of making for Her Imperial Highness and all the
+Princesses.
+
+On the visit to the Queen of T.R.H. the Princesses of Hesse Darmstadt,
+J. R. and Sons had the honour of making for their Royal Highnesses.
+
+On the visit to Her Majesty of the Daughters of H.R.H. the late
+Princess Alice, J. R. and Sons had a similar honour.
+
+
+Branch Businesses at Cowes, Isle of Wight, and 242, Rue de Rivoli
+(Place de la Concorde), Paris.
+
+    "The most noted Firm of Ladies' Tailors in the world, and, be it
+    said, the most original."--Extract from _Court Journal_.
+
+
+
+
+LADIES' RIDING BOOTS.
+
+ESTABLISHED 1839.
+
+N. THIERRY,
+
+ESTABLISHED 1839.
+
+LADIES' AND GENTLEMEN'S
+
+BOOT & SHOE MANUFACTURER,
+
+  LONDON, {70 QUADRANT, REGENT STREET, W.,
+          {AND 48, GRESHAM STREET, E.C.
+
+MANCHESTER, 2, St. Ann's Sq.; LIVERPOOL, 5, Bold St.
+
+_Complete Illustrated Price Lists Post Free._
+
+[Illustration: LADIES' RIDING BOOT, 50s., all Patent or with Morocco
+Legs.]
+
+NO INFERIOR ARTICLES KEPT. ALL GOODS WARRANTED AND MARKED IN PLAIN
+FIGURES.
+
+THE LARGEST STOCK OF BEST QUALITY GOODS IN ENGLAND ALWAYS READY.
+26,000 PAIRS TO CHOOSE FROM.
+
+[Illustration: LADIES' NEWMARKET RIDING
+BOOT, Cloth legs, 50s.]
+
+NOTE.--_To order, 2s. per pair extra for fitting and keeping special
+lasts._
+
+LADIES' SPURS, Silver Plate, Strap, & Buckle complete, 9s, 6d.
+
+_PRICE LIST of a few Leading Articles, Ladies' Department_:--
+
+BOOTS.
+
+    Button or Lace                        17s.  0d.
+      Do.  do. Hessians, from             19s.  6d.
+      Do.  do. Cork Clumps                24s.  0d.
+      Do.  High Glace Louis XV. Heels     27s. 29s.
+
+SHOES.
+
+    Oxford Tie, Morocco                   14s.  0d.
+      Do.         do.  Glace              16s.  0d.
+      Do. Richelieu, Louis XV. Heels      23s.  0d.
+    Patent Court Heels and Bows            8s.  6d.
+    Glace Kid, Embroidered.               11s.  6d.
+
+A GREAT VARIETY of very Fashionable Ladies' Dress Shoes in
+Glace Kid or Satin (various Colours), Embroidered Jet, Gold,
+Steel, or Bijou.
+
+A LARGE ASSORTMENT OF CHILDREN'S BOOTS AND SHOES,
+
+AND EVERY VARIETY OF GENTS' RIDING, WALKING, & DRESS BOOTS & SHOES.
+
+Goods sent on approval on receipt of satisfactory references (a London
+tradesman preferred), or cheque for the amount. An old boot or shoe
+should be sent as a guide for size, paper patterns and other
+measurements being of little use. Goods that do not suit will be
+exchanged or the money returned.
+
+FIVE PER CENT. DISCOUNT FOR CASH.
+
+_PLEASE NOTE--70, REGENT STREET QUADRANT, as there is another house
+of the same Surname in the street._
+
+
+
+
+
+
+End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Ladies on Horseback, by Nannie Lambert
+
+*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK LADIES ON HORSEBACK ***
+
+***** This file should be named 39501.txt or 39501.zip *****
+This and all associated files of various formats will be found in:
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