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diff --git a/.gitattributes b/.gitattributes new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6833f05 --- /dev/null +++ b/.gitattributes @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +* text=auto +*.txt text +*.md text diff --git a/39438-0.txt b/39438-0.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..c2d2e50 --- /dev/null +++ b/39438-0.txt @@ -0,0 +1,2745 @@ +The Project Gutenberg EBook of Notes and Queries, Vol. IV, Number 112, +December 20, 1851, by Various + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: Notes and Queries, Vol. IV, Number 112, December 20, 1851 + A Medium of Inter-communication for Literary Men, Artists, + Antiquaries, Genealogists, etc. + +Author: Various + +Editor: George Bell + +Release Date: April 13, 2012 [EBook #39438] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: UTF-8 + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES AND QUERIES, DEC 20, 1851 *** + + + + +Produced by Charlene Taylor, Jonathan Ingram and the Online +Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This +file was produced from images generously made available +by The Internet Library of Early Journals.) + + + + + +[Transcriber's note: Characters with macrons have been marked in +brackets with an equal sign, as [=e] for a letter e with a macron on +top. Underscores have been used to indicate _italic_ fonts; equal signs +indicate =bold= fonts. Original spelling variations have not been +standardized. A list of volumes and pages in "Notes and Queries" has +been added at the end.] + + + + +NOTES AND QUERIES: + +A MEDIUM OF INTER-COMMUNICATION + +FOR + +LITERARY MEN, ARTISTS, ANTIQUARIES, GENEALOGISTS, ETC. + +"When found, make a note of."--CAPTAIN CUTTLE. + +VOL. IV.--NO. 112--SATURDAY, DECEMBER 20. 1851. + +Price Threepence. Stamped Edition 4_d._ + + + + +CONTENTS. + + Page + + + NOTES:-- + + Wady Mokatteb identified with Kibroth Hattavah, by + the Rev. Moses Margoliouth 481 + + On a Passage in Goldsmith, by Henry H. Breen 482 + + Minor Notes:--Biographical Dictionary--The Word + Premises--Play of George Barnwell--Traditions from + Remote Periods through few Links 483 + + QUERIES:-- + + Deodands and their Application, by Jonathan Peel 484 + + Minor Queries:--Hell paved with the Skulls of + Priests--Charib--Thumb Bible--Tripos--Louis Philippe + and his Bag of Nails--Brass Statues at Windsor--Edmund + Bohun--Bishop Trelawney 484 + + MINOR QUERIES ANSWERED:--Companion Ladder--Macaulay's + Ballad of the Battle of Naseby 485 + + REPLIES:-- + + The Crucifix as used by the Early Christians, by + J. Emerson Tennent 485 + + The Word "Ἀδελφὸς." by T. R. Brown 486 + + The Roman Index Expurgatorius of 1607 487 + + Replies to Minor Queries:--Hobbes's "Leviathan"--Age + of Trees--Treatise against Equivocation--Lycian + Inscriptions--Alterius Orbis Papa--Carmagnoles--General + James Wolfe--Johannes Trithemius--Sir William + Herschel--Dr. Wm. Wall--Parish Registers--Compositions + during the Protectorate--General Moyle--Descendants + of John of Gaunt--Church of St. Bene't Fink--Coins + of Vabalathus--Engraved Portrait--"Cleanliness is next + to godliness"--Cozens the Painter--Whig and Tory--Prince + Rupert's Drops--Deep Well near Bansted Downs--Mrs. Mary + Anne Clarke--Upton Court 487 + + MISCELLANEOUS:-- + + Notes on Books, Sales, Catalogues, &c. 493 + + Books and Odd Volumes wanted 494 + + Notices to Correspondents 494 + + Advertisements 494 + + + + +Notes. + + +WADY MOKATTEB IDENTIFIED WITH KIBROTH HATTAVAH. + +The difficulty of deciding the antiquity of the famous inscriptions in +the deserts of Arabia, would be considerably diminished if we could +ascertain the earliest mention of the valley now known as Wady Mokatteb. +What I am about to submit to the readers of the "NOTES AND QUERIES," is +not a presumptuous or rash suggestion, but an idea diffidently +entertained, and cautiously and maturely considered. + +It is not at all improbable that that valley, with its surrounding rocky +chronicles, was first mentioned by Moses, the first delineator of the +"great wilderness." The mention I allude to is to be found in Numbers, +xi. 26. The passage, as it occurs in the English version, runs thus: + + "But there remained two of the men in the camp, the name of the one + was Eldad, and the name of the other was Medad; and the Spirit rested + upon them, and they were of them that were written." + +The original words of the last clause are but the two following:-- + + [Hebrew: vhêmâh bakkthûwbîym] + +which literally signify, "and they were amongst the inscriptions." + +A personal and literary examination of the locality of the Sinaitic +inscriptions convinces me that Eldad and Medad were then in that famous +region. By a reference to the chapter alluded to, it will be found that +the children of Israel were then at that awfully memorable place called +_Kibroth Hattavah_ (ver. 34.), and no one, who has but a slight +knowledge of scripture topography, will be at a loss to observe that it +is the very spot where the mysterious inscriptions are found. + +Dr. Robinson, in his _Biblical Researches_, vol. i. p. 138., thus +notices the subject in question: + + "The Sinaite inscriptions are found on all the routes which lead from + the West towards Sinai, above the convent El-Arbain, but are found + neither on Gebel Mûsa, nor on the present Horeb, nor on St. Catherine, + nor in the valley of the convent; while on Serbal they are seen on its + very summit." + +Lord Lindsay, in his first letter from _Edom and the Holy Land_, +introduces the same district in the following words: + + "We now entered Wady Mokatteb, a spacious valley, bounded on the east + by a most picturesque range of black mountains, but chiefly famous for + the inscriptions on the rocks that line it, and from which it derives + its name. There are thousands of them, inscriptions too, and here is + the mystery, in a character which no one has yet deciphered." + +Now, let the ancient and modern maps be compared, and it will be +discovered that the same place which is called, in Num. xi. 26., +[Hebrew: kthûwbîym], probably on account of its inscriptions, is also +called by the Arabians [Arabic: wadi el mokatteb] _Wady el Mokatteb_. + +Should the identity between Wady Mokatteb and Kibroth Hattavah be +considered conclusive, then the antiquity of the Sinaitic inscriptions +is far more remote than the date fixed by certain archæologists and +palæographists; the records may prove to be, in truth and in deed, the +handy-work of the Israelites during their encampment there. + +The readers of the "NOTES AND QUERIES" need scarcely be told that the +inscriptions were first noticed in the sixth century by Cosmas, a +Græco-Indian merchant, who was hence surnamed Indicopleustes. But it is +necessary to impress the fact that Cosmas, though a man of intelligence +and of letters, considered that the alphabet in which the inscriptions +were made, was unknown; but having visited the Wady in company with +certain well-informed Jews, his Hebrew companions read and deciphered +several of the records, and decided that the Israelites of the Egyptian +Exodus were the performers of the inscriptions. All this Cosmas stated +in his _Christian Topography_ (a work published for the first time in +1707 by the learned Montfauçon), and concurs in the opinion that the +ancient Hebrews were the scribes. This circumstance borne in mind, will +be proof against the theory conceived by Professor Beer, brought forth +by Dr. Lepsius, adopted and fostered by Dr. Wilson, viz. that an Utopian +Nabathæan Christian tribe executed those inscriptions during their +pilgrimages to the sacred localities on Mount Sinai. Is it not strange +that Cosmas should not have heard that there was such a tribe of scribes +in the valley? Is it not unaccountable that the knowledge of the +alphabet should so soon have been forgotten? Cosmas flourished +comparatively but a short time after the supposed Nabathæans. + +But the advocates of the Nabathæan theory argue that the Sinaitic +inscriptions must be of a comparatively modern date, since there are +found amongst them some Greek and Latin ones; and, moreover, the cross +does sometimes occur in various shapes. I venture to submit that the +inscriptions bear self-evidence that they have been executed at various +dates. It is true that by far the greatest number of them display +indubitable marks of remote antiquity; but there are some which must be +pronounced juvenile when compared with the _great majority_. The latter +bear marks of an execution resembling the inscriptions on the ancient +Egyptian obelisks, whilst the former are rude and superficially cut, and +already almost effaced. I take, therefore, the Greek and Latin, and +indeed some of the yet unknown inscriptions, to have been cut at a +comparatively modern date. Who knows whether Cosmas and his companions +did not try their hands at a few? + +Why should it be thought improbable that the different monks on Mount +Sinai, who occupied the convent there at various ages, should have done +their quota to puzzle the modern palæographist and traveller? Is it +absolutely impossible that the prefect of the Franciscan missionaries of +Egypt, who visited the Wady in 1722, and his companions, who were well +instructed in the Arabic, Greek, Hebrew, Syriac, Coptic, Latin, +Armenian, Turkish, English, Illyrian, German, and Bohemian languages, +should have chiselled a few in the characters they were most expert? In +the same manner might the occurrence of the cross be accounted for, if +it were necessary, without precipitating oneself to the conclusion that +"the occurrence, in connection with the inscriptions of the cross in +various forms, indicates that their _origin_ should be attributed to the +early Christians." But is it possible that such antiquaries as Drs. +Beer, Lepsius, and Wilson, should be ignorant, or affect to be ignorant, +that the cross was an ancient hieroglyphic, of a date long before the +Christian era, well known by the name of _Crux Ansata_, and of the +_Divina Taw_, and signified among the Egyptians "Life to come"? That the +form of the cross was used among the Hebrews is conclusive from the fact +that it was the ancient Hebrew mint letter for the [Hebrew: tav]. What, +then, is the value of the arguments in behalf of the Nabathæan theory? +All the specimens that have been given hitherto of the inscriptions, are +no more in comparison with the vast numbers which literally cover the +highest mountains, than a drop out of a bucket, including even those +given in the _Philosophical Transactions_ of 1766, in the _Transactions +of the Royal Society of Literature_ of 1832, and by the Rev. Charles +Forster of this year[1], and even adding the 1200 taken by M. Lottin de +Laval. (See "NOTES AND QUERIES", Vol. iv., p. 332.) + + [Footnote 1: _The One Primeval Language, &c._, by the Rev. Charles + Forster. The above is a compendium of two letters which the writer + addressed on the subject to his Grace the Archbishop of Dublin, + and the late Bishop of Norwich,--to the former from Paris, to the + latter from Alexandria. See _A Pilgrimage to the Land of my + Fathers_, vol. i. pp. 6-15. Mr. Forster's work did not appear + until about a year after the publication of part of the writer's + travels.] + + MOSES MARGOLIOUTH. + + +ON A PASSAGE IN GOLDSMITH. + +Goldsmith, in _The Deserted Village_, has the lines: + + "Ill fares the land, to hastening ills a prey, + Where wealth accumulates and men decay: + Princes and lords may flourish or may fade, + _A breath can make them, as a breath has made_; + But a bold peasantry, their country's pride, + When once destroy'd, can never be supplied." + +In this passage the fourth line, which I have given in italics, is +traced by D'Israeli, in _Curiosities of Literature_, under the head of +"Imitations and Similarities," to the French poet, De Caux, who, +comparing the world to his hour-glass, says-- + + ---- "C'est une verre qui luit, + Qu'un souffle peut _détruire_, et qu'un souffle a _produit_." + +The turn given to the thought in the French has suggested to D'Israeli +an emendation of the passage in Goldsmith. He proposes that the word +"unmakes" should be substituted for "can make." The line would then +read-- + + "A breath _unmakes_ them, as a breath has made." + +This emendation seems to me to be alike ingenious and well-founded. The +line itself is but the corollary of the one that precedes it; and in +order to make the sense complete, it should contain antithetical +expressions to correspond with "flourish" and "fade." Now, between "can +make" and "made" there is nothing antithetical; but between "made" and +"unmakes" there is. + +In support of this view, I may quote one or two parallel passages, in +which the antithesis is preserved. The first is a quatrain commemorating +the devastating effects of an earthquake in the valley of Lucerne in +1808: + + "O ciel! ainsi ta Providence + A tous les maux nous condamna: + Un souffle _éteint_ notre existence + Comme un souffle nous la _donna_." + +The second is a line which occurs in _Curiosities of Literature_, and +which I am compelled to quote from memory, having no access to that +work. It is as follows: + + "A breath _revived_ him, but a breath _o'erthrew_." + +That Goldsmith wrote the line in question with the word "unmakes," there +seems little reason to doubt. To say of princes and lords that "a breath +can make them, as a breath has made," far from conveying any idea of +their "fading," would be, on the contrary, to indicate the facile +process by which they may be perpetuated. It would show how they may +"flourish," but not how they may "fade." + +Although this emendation in Goldsmith was pointed out many years ago, +and recommends itself by its appositeness, and its obvious adaptation to +the context, yet I believe it has never been introduced into any edition +of that poet. I have before me two copies of _The Deserted Village_, and +both contain the words "can make." As, however, among the many useful +hints thrown out by "NOTES AND QUERIES," that of suggesting the +emendation of obscure or difficult passages in our poets, appears to +have met with the approbation of your readers, I trust some future +editor of Goldsmith may be induced to notice this passage, and restore +the text to its original accuracy. + + HENRY H. BREEN. + + St. Lucia. + + +Minor Notes. + +_Biographical Dictionary._--May I beg for the assistance of "NOTES AND +QUERIES" to enforce a want which I am sure is daily felt by thousands of +educated Englishmen? The want I speak of is that of _a good Biographical +Dictionary_, coming down to the middle of the century; a dictionary as +good as the _Biog. Universelle_ for _foreign_ lives, and _a hundred +times better for English lives_. Every one knows how meagre and +unsatisfactory is that otherwise magnificent work in its English part. +Why should we not have an abridged translation, with the home portion +re-written? + + Z. Z. Z. + +_The Word Premises._--The use of the word _premises_ for houses, lands, +and hereditaments, is surely incorrect. I have never found the word +_præmissa_ used in any Latin writer in a sense that can sanction the +modern application of its derivative. Johnson's authority supports the +view that the word is perverted in being made to stand for houses and +lands, as he says it is "in low language" that the noun substantive +"premises" is used in that sense, as, "I was upon the _premises_," &c. +The office of "the premises" in a deed, say the Law Dictionaries, is to +express the names of the grantor and grantee, and to specify the thing +granted. "The _premises_ is the former part of a deed, being all that +which precedeth the _habendum_ or limitation of the estate." I believe +the term "parcels" is applied, technically, to the specification of the +property which forms the subject of a deed. In an instrument, it may not +be wholly incorrect to refer by the term "premises" to the particulars +premised, and, if an etymological inaccuracy, it may be excused for the +sake of avoiding repetitions; but surely we ought not to speak of +houses, lands, &c. by this term. I see I am not the first to call an +editor's attention to this point, for, in the _Gentleman's Magazine_ of +Jan., 1795, a correspondent complains of this improper application of +the word, and attributes the perversion to the lawyers, "who," he says, +"for the sake of brevity (to which, by-the-bye, they are not much +attached), have accustomed themselves to the phrase, 'the aforesaid +_premises_,' whence the word has come to be universally taken as a +collective noun, signifying manors, tenements, and so on." The absurdity +of such a use of the word is illustrated by putting it for animals, +household goods, and personal estate, for which it may as well stand as +for lands and houses. + + W. S. G. + + Newcastle-upon-Tyne. + +_Play of George Barnwell:_-- + + "Last Friday a messenger came from Hampton Court to the Play House by + the Queen's command, for the manuscript of George Barnwell, for Her + Majesty's perusal, which Mr. Wilks carried to Hampton Court early on + Saturday morning; and we hear it is to be performed shortly at the + Theatre in Hampton Court, for the entertainment of the Royal Family," + &c.--_Daily Post_, Monday, July 5. 1731. + + H. E. + +_Traditions from Remote Periods through few Links_ (Vol. iii., pp. 206. +237.):-- + + "My greatest boast in this line is, that I have conversed with Sir + Isaac Herd, the celebrated herald, and he had conversed with a person + who was present at the execution of Charles I."--Lord Campbell's + _Lives of the Chief Justices_, vol. ii. p. 304. note. + + E. H. A. + + + + +Queries. + + +DEODANDS AND THEIR APPLICATION. + +Blackstone states (1 _Comm._ p. 300.) that a deodand-- + + "Is forfeited to the king to be applied to pious uses, and distributed + in alms by his high almoner, though formerly destined to a more + superstitious purpose. It seems to have been originally designed, in + the blind days of Popery, as an expiation for the souls of such as + were snatched away by sudden death; and for that purpose ought + properly to have been given to holy church." + +The authorities for this latter statement are Fitzh., _Abr._, tit. +"Enditement," pt. 27., and Staunf., _P.C._, 20, 21., neither of which +books are in my possession, nor in this remote district can I gain +access to them. Hume, Lingard, Henry, and Rapin, omit all mention of +this change in the destination of the deodand, at least so far as I can +find. Fleta, who lived, according to Dr. Cowell (_Interpreter_, in verb. +"Fleta"), tem. Ed. II., Ed. III., or, according to Jacob (_Law Dic._, in +ver. "Fleta"), tem. Ed. I., says that-- + + "This deodand is to be sold to the poor, and the price distributed to + the poor for the soul of the king and all faithful people departed + this life."--_Interpreter_, in ver. "Deodand." + +It would therefore appear that in Fleta's time it was settled law that +deodands went to the Crown; nor does this writer seem to take any notice +of their having been, at any time, payable to the Church. Hawkins, East, +and I think Hale also, are equally silent upon the point. + +Can any of your readers kindly supply the information as to when +deodands first ceased to be given to the Church, and when they became +the property of the Crown? + + JONATHAN PEEL. + + +Minor Queries. + +349. _Hell Paved with the Skulls of Priests._--The proverb "Hell is +paved with good intentions" (Vol. ii. pp. 86. 140.), brings to my +recollection a remark I once heard from the lips of a French priest. He +was addressing an audience chiefly composed of students in divinity, and +while descanting on the peculiar dangers to which ecclesiastics are +exposed, and the obstacles they have to encounter at every step on the +road to salvation, he said there could be no doubt that by far the +greater number of them would incur eternal damnation. "It was this" +(added he, with an emphasis which sent thrill of horror through all +present), "It was this that made one of the early fathers assert, that +Hell is paved with the skulls of priests." I think the preacher +mentioned Tertullian as his authority for this singular sentiment, but +he only gave the words: "L'enfer est pavé de têtes de prêtres." Can any +of your readers point out the precise passage referred to? + + HENRY H. BREEN. + + St. Lucia. + +350. _Charib._--Can any of your correspondents inform me what is the +derivation and meaning of the word _Charib_? The Charibs were the +ancient inhabitants, as is well known, of the smaller West Indian +islands. + + W. J. C. + + St. Lucia. + +351. _Thumb Bible._--Can any of your readers tell me the history of the +Thumb Bible, reprinted by Longman, 1850? Who was "J. Taylor," who seems +to have been the author? He has strangely spoilt Bishop Ken's Morning +and Evening Hymns at the conclusion of his book. + + HERMES. + +352. _Tripos._--What is the origin of the term "tripos" as applied to +the mathematical and classical honour lists in the university of +Cambridge? + + A. F. S. + +353. _Louis Philippe and his Bag of Nails._--Has any of your +correspondents heard a story about a bag of rusty nails which Louis +Philippe used to carry about with him; with which he considered his fate +as in some way connected; and which he lost a few days before February +24, 1848? If so, is it known whether the story is well authenticated? + + R. D. H. + +354. _Brass Statues at Windsor._--"The Brass Statues at Windsor," sold +in 1646 by order of the House of Lords to pay the troops at +Windsor:--What were these statues? + + WAYLEN. + +355. _Edmund Bohun._--Is it possible that some Trans-atlantic notist may +be able to supply a scrap or two of intelligence respecting the brief +career of Edmund Bohun, as Chief Justice of South Carolina, 1698-1701? I +believe he died in the latter year, and was buried at Charlestown. + + S. W. RIX. + + Beccles. + +356. _Bishop Trelawney._--To what parliamentary decision does Atterbury +allude in the subjoined extract from the dedication to Trelawney, Bishop +of Winchester, prefixed to his Sermons in four volumes, 1723? + + "This and another parliamentary decision, which your lordship not long + after with equal difficulty obtained, and by which the bishop's sole + right to judge of the qualifications of persons applying for + institution was unutterably confirmed, are such instances of your + magnanimity and public spirit as will remain in memory while the + church or the law of England lasts." + + E. H. A. + + +Minor Queries Answered. + +_Companion Ladder._--Why are the stairs leading from the deck to the +chief cabin of a ship called "the companion ladder?" + + A CONSTANT READER. + + [The _companion_ in merchant ships is a wooden porch placed over the + entrance or staircase of the cabin. Hence the ladder by which officers + ascend to and descend from the quarter-deck, is called the _companion + ladder_.] + +_Macaulay's Ballad of the Battle of Naseby._--Where is Mr. Macaulay's +ballad of the "Battle of Naseby" to be found printed entire? It is not +republished in the last edition of his _Lays of Ancient Rome_. + + D. B. J. + + [It has never, we believe, been printed since its first publication in + _Knight's Magazine_, about the year 1824. From the omission pointed + out by our correspondent, it is obvious that the accomplished writer + of it does not himself regard this ballad as deserving of + republication.] + + + + +Replies. + + +THE CRUCIFIX AS USED BY THE EARLY CHRISTIANS. + +(Vol. iv., p. 422.). + +A correspondent questions the accuracy of MR. CURZON's statement, in his +_Monasteries of the Levant_, that-- + + "The crucifix was not known before the fifth or sixth century, though + the cross was always the emblem of the Christian faith,"-- + +and asks for information as to its use, and the dates of the earliest +examples. Some twenty years ago I devoted some care to this inquiry, and +the result will be found in a chapter on the decline of the arts in +Greece, in a _History of Modern Greece_, which I published in 1830. To +that essay, but more especially to the authorities which it cites, I +would refer your correspondent; and I think, after an examination of the +latter, he will be disposed to concur with me, that Mr. Curzon's +statement is correct. It is in accordance with that of Gibbon, and +sustained by the same authorities as Basnage, to the effect that the +first Christians, from their association with the Jews, and their +aversion to the mythology of the Greeks, were hostile to the use of +images of any description in their primitive temples, in which they +reluctantly admitted the figure of the ignominious cross, as a memorial +of the Redeemer's death. At a later period, however, the veneration for +the _relics_ of departed saints led to the admission of their painted +_portraits_, and eventually to the erection of their images and effigies +in wood and marble. (_Gibbon_, chap. xxiii. xlix.) Reiskius states that +it was not till the fourth century after Christ that the latter +innovation began: + + "Ecclesia vero Christiana tribus seculis prioribus ne quidem imagines + recepit aut inter sacra numeravit instrumenta. Sed demum sub finem + quarti seculi ea lege admisit ut in templis memoriæ ac ornatus causa + haberentur."--Reiskius, _De Imaginibus Jesu Christi Exercitationes + Histor._, ex. i. c. i. sec. ii. p. 12. + +Lillio Giraldi concurs with Reiskius: + + "Illud certe non prætermittam nos dico Christianos ut aliquando + Romanos fuisse sine imaginibus in primitiva quæ vocatur + ecclesia."--Lillius Gregorius Giraldus, _Historiæ Deorum Syntage_, v. + i. p. 15. + +The earliest images of Christ were those mentioned as being placed, by +Alexander Severus, along with those of Abraham, Jupiter, Pythagoras, +Plato, and Aristotle. (_Reiskius_, ex. vii. c. i. sec. i. p. 151.) +Constantine placed two equestrian statues of the Saviour in the Lateran +Church. But Molanus, who mentions the latter fact, insists that there +were existing about this period numerous statues of the Saviour, which +he would refer to the time of Pontius Pilate. (_De Historia SS. +Imaginibus, &c._, lib. i. c. vi. p. 65.) + +The most ancient examples now remaining of the decorations employed by +the early Christians, are doubtless those found in the catacombs at +Rome. I have not access to any recent copies of these interesting +antiquities; but so far as my recollection serves, they contain no +example of a crucifix, or any literal delineation of the death of the +Saviour. In fact, even in these gloomy retreats, the vigilance of +persecution compelled the Christians to caution, and forced them to +conceal, under allegories and mystery, the memorials of their faith; the +figure of the Redeemer being always veiled under an assumed character, +most generally that of a shepherd bearing in his arms a recovered lamb. +This, which is the most common form of allegory of this period, occurs +in the catacomb of the Via Latina, in that of Priscilla in the Via +Salaria, discovered in 1776, both of which, according to Aringhi, are +amongst the oldest Christian monuments now remaining. (_Roma +Subterranea_, vol. ii. p. 25. 292.) In a sepulchral chamber in the +cemetery of St. Calixtus, Jesus is represented as Orpheus with a lyre, +as emblematic of the subduing influences of his life. But his death is +still more cautiously shadowed forth by the types of Jonas, Isaac on the +altar of Abraham, and Daniel in the den of lions,--examples of all of +which are numerous; and the cover of an urn figured by Agincourt +presents them all three. (_Histoire de l'Art par les Monumens_, vol. +iv.; _Dec. Sculp._, pl. v. no. 10.) + +Art, after its decline in Rome, was later cherished by the Greeks at +Byzantum, and allegory in their hands, during the third and fourth +centuries, exhibited a much higher refinement than amongst the +degenerate Romans,--the divinity and _life_ of Jesus being represented +in their paintings by a youth of godlike mien and heavenly grace, with +his foot upon the mane of a lion, whilst his _death_ is still typified +by a lamb expiring at the foot of a cross, which it sprinkles with its +blood, and his _resurrection_ by a phoenix, which rests upon the summit +of a palm-tree, the emblem of his _victory_. + +I have stated that even the _cross_, as an emblem, was admitted +"reluctantly" into the churches of the early Christians. The fact, +and the causes of this reluctance, are stated fairly by Gibbon +(ch. xx.), principally on the authorities consulted by Basnage in +his _Histoire des Eglises Reformées_, to have had their origin in +the idea of infamy and ignominy which they attached to the mode of +execution by crucifixion,--feelings analogous to those inspired by +a gallows or a gibbet; and it required a long lapse of time, even +after Constantine had abolished throughout the Roman dominions the +punishment which had prevailed for slaves and malefactors, but which +the Saviour of mankind had submitted to suffer, before the people +could be led to regard as a symbol for veneration that which had so +long been an object of horror and disgust. A most interesting account +of the subsidence of this feeling, and of its effects upon Sacred Art +whilst it prevailed, will be found in Emeric David's _Discours sur la +Peinture Moderne_, p. 115. It rendered allegory so indispensable, that +in the exhaustion of fancy it declined into conceits and puerility, +which finally brought the subject into contempt, and compelled the +hierarchy to exert the influence of the Church for its correction. +This led to a measure the record of which is strongly corroborative +of the statement of Mr. Curzon; namely, that A.D. 692, at the Quine +Sextine, or _Council in Trullo_, it was ordered that thenceforth +fiction and allegory should cease, and _the real figure of the Saviour +be depicted on the tree_. (_Can._ 82. _Act. Concil._ Paris, 1714, +v. iii. col. 1691, 1692.) + +The Greeks complied, but with reluctance, to delineate the actual +crucifixion; and as, in the controversy which arose in the second +century, and never entirely subsided, regarding the beauty or deformity +of the Saviour's features, the Greek Church had espoused the side of St. +Basil, Tertullian, and Origen, who maintained that "he was without form +or comeliness," their artists exhibited such a spectacle of deformity on +the cross, that to the present hour a proverb compares a lean and ugly +person to "un crucifix des Grecs." The Latins and Italians, on the other +hand, whilst they were equally hostile to the literal exhibition of the +Redeemer's death, and _forbore for nearly a century_ to comply with the +orders of the Council _in Trullo_, adopted, as to his beauty, the party +of Celsus and Chrysostom,--quoted the expression of David, "thou art +fairer than the children of men,"--and painted the Saviour, albeit +suspended on the fatal tree, as a youth of heavenly mien; and instead of +the crown of thorns, the lance, and the sponge, they represented him +with a diadem, and insensible to suffering or pain. + +These remarks, though they will no doubt be insufficient as an answer to +your correspondent, may perhaps direct him to authorities, the +consultation of which will satisfy his inquiry. + + J. EMERSON TENNENT. + + London. + + +THE WORD "Ἀδελφὸς." + +(Vol. iv., pp. 339, 458.) + +In commenting on the criticisms of J. B., may I be allowed to follow the +order of his own reasoning as much as possible? + +1st. I am glad to find that Scapula is right, but I must object to the +use of the participle _acquiescing_, as applied to me. My word is +"_de_duction," and is applied to a rule grounded upon Scapula's +correctness, and may, I think, settle the sense of those disputed verses +in Matt. xiii. 55, 56, to say nothing of two indisputable proofs which +might be adduced. + +2nd. _I_ am wrong--for what? for _appearing_, in the eyes of J. B., to +have done that which I have not done,--for bringing in links of "the +Indo-Germanic languages," which I have neither done, nor can do. + +3rd. "The word is solely and peculiarly Greek." Let me give only one +etymon by way of preparation for my answer. Let us take the word +_mouse_. Well, it comes from the Latin _mus_, which comes, you will say, +from the Greek μυς, and there are many clever etymologists, +excepting a few, with J. B. and myself, would say, "it is solely and +peculiarly Greek;" but _we_ go up to the Sanscrit (the _mother_ of +European languages), and bring forward _mush_, a mouse, and here is _the +terminus_--and why? because _mush_ signifies _to steal_, and therefore +sufficiently describes the nature of the little animal. Now, because we +cannot _find_ an existing link between the Greek and Sanscrit, is that a +reason for asserting αδελφος to be of pure Greek _origin_? No; +and if J. B. will only recollect that all words in Sanscrit, excepting +bare primary roots, are compounded after the same manner as +αδελφος or rather δελ-φ], he will, I hope, find that I have +_not been wrong_ in my _etymon_. Moreover, let J. B. prove, _if he can_, +what is _the meaning_ of δελφ in the Greek, unaided by any +other language. + +4th. Why is the Sanscrit _bhratre_ brought into the contest? perhaps to +prove what has not been proved, viz. that _it also_ signifies _frater +uterinus_. + +5th. "How happened it that the word φρατηρ was lost in Greek?" +Why, because the Greeks thought it too _barbarous_ a word to _own_, as +coming through the Latins from the barbarous Goths, Scandinavians, &c.! +Let us pass over irrelevant matter till we come to + +6th. J. B.'s authoritative rule, "that no apparent similarity between +words in the Semitic and Asian (read Sanscrit) families can be used to +establish a real identity, the two classes of language being _radically_ +and fundamentally distinct." Vide _mouse_, and a hundred more roots, +that might quash this rule. + +To conclude, I did not introduce the Sanscrit _dal_ into my former note, +because, I suppose, an idea passed through my mind that I might offend +some "_interesting_ points in Greek manners." + +I have only one more remark to make, which is, that the Sanscrit +_bhra-tre_ is a compound word like δελ-φυς. I will give the +full etymology of this word _bhra-tre_, to prove that J. B. has done +wrong in bringing in a word to militate against his _own_ rule. Persian, +_bra-dar_; Sanscrit, _bhra-tre_; Gothic, _bro-thar_; Islandic, +_bro-dir_; German, _bru-der_; Swedish and Danish, _bro-der_; +Anglo-Saxon, _bro-ther_. Now, will J. B. prove that the Hebrew, Chaldee, +and Syriac [Hebrew: bar], _bar_, a son, is not connected with the +Persian and Sanscrit _bra_ and _bhra_? If he does, I shall doubtless be +edified. + + T. R. BROWN. + + Vicarage, Southwick, near Oundle. + + +THE ROMAN INDEX EXPURGATORIUS OF 1607. + +(Vol. iv., p. 440.) + +I am happy in being able to give, I trust, a satisfactory answer to the +Query of your American correspondent U. U., respecting the original +edition of 1607. + +There can be no doubt that the copy in the Bodleian Library is of the +genuine edition. It was in the Library certainly before the year 1620, +as it appears in the catalogue printed in that year, and still bears the +same reference on the shelf as is there given to it, namely, 8vo. I. 32. +Theol.; and it was doubtless the copy used by Dr. James, who +superintended the forming of that catalogue, and who died only a few +months before. The title runs thus: + + INDICIS + (red ink) LIBRORVM + (red) EXPVRGANDORVM + in studiosorum gratiam confecti. + Tomus Primus + _IN QVO QVINQVAGINTA AVCTORVM_ + _Libri præ ceteris desiderati emendantur._ + (red ink) + PER FR. IO. MARIAM BRASICHELLEN. + (red ink) + SACRI PALATII APOSTOLICI MAGISTRVM + in vnum corpus redactus, & publicæ + commoditati æditus + (this first word red) (this date red) + ------------------------------------------------------------ + ROMÆ, ex Typographia R. Cam. Apost. M.DC.VII. + ------------------------------------------------------------ + (the line above red) + SVPERIORVM PERMISSV. + +There is a full stop at confecti, also at emendantur, and at +Brasichellen; but no stop whatever at auctorum. It extends (besides +eight leaves of title and preliminary matter) to pp. 742. On the recto +of the next and last leaf, "Series chartarum," &c., and at the bottom: + + ROMÆ, M.DC.VII. + ---------------------------------------- + _Ex Typographia Reu. Cameræ Apostolicæ._ + ---------------------------------------- + SVPERIORVM PERMISSV. + +There is also in the Bodleian Library a copy of the Bergomi edition, the +title of which is as follows: + + (red ink) INDICIS + LIBRORVM + (red) EXPVRGANDORVM + In studiosorum gratiam confecti + (red) TOMVS PRIMVS + In quo quinquaginta Auctorum Libri præ + cæteris desiderati emendantur + (red) PER F. IO. MARIAM BRASICHELL. + Sacri Palatij Apost. Magistrum + _In vnum corpus redactus & pub. commoditati æditus._ + +At the bottom: + + (red) ROMÆ Primò, Deinde + BERGOMI, _typis Comini Venturæ_, 1608. + +This edition extends to 608 pages, in double columns, besides the +preliminary matter, consisting of four articles, of which the first in +this edition is the last in the genuine copy of 1607,--a circumstance +mentioned by Clement as peculiar to the Altdorff edition; but here the +signatures run to pages in eights, whereas the Altdorff edition "qu'ne +remplit qu'un alphabet, et seize feuilles." + +I have never seen a copy of the Ratisbon edition. + + B. B. + + +Replies to Minor Queries. + +_Hobbes's "Leviathan"_ (Vol. iv., p. 314.).--The meaning of the +frontispiece to the first edition of this work, is, I imagine, +sufficiently obvious. The large figure representing a commonwealth holds +in his right hand a sword, in his left a pastoral crook. He is the +emblem of a commonwealth "ecclesiastical and civil" (as the title of the +book shows us). Ranged down one side of the page, under the +sword-bearing arm, are the weapons and resources which the State +possesses. Down the other side of the page, under the protection of the +pastoral staff, is the corresponding armament of the Church. Thus, a +castle and a church, a crown and a mitre, a cannon and spiritual +thunderbolts, a trophy of guns and spears, &c., and one of dilemmas +(represented by a pair of bull's horns), syllogisms (made like a +three-pronged fork), and the like; these, ending with a battle on one +side, a convention of bishops on the other, show the power which (as +Hobbes would have it) each arm of the commonwealth should be able to +have at its command. The whole picture is at best an absurd conceit, and +very unworthy of the author of the _Leviathan_. + + H. A. B. + +The best edition of Hobbes's works was printed 1750. The print of +_Leviathan_ in it is neither like Charles nor Cromwell, of whom I have +old and good prints, and many. The print has at the bottom of it +"_Written_ by Thos. Hobbs, 1651." + + C. J. W. + +_Age of Trees_ (Vol. iv., p. 401.).--I am rather surprised that your +correspondent L., in his enumeration of remarkable trees, and +collections of trees, in Great Britain, makes no mention, whilst on the +subject of yew, of the splendid collection of old yew trees in Kingley +Bottom, near Chichester, in Sussex. Should L. never have visited this +charming spot, and its green antiquities, I can promise him a rich treat +whenever he does so. Common report of the neighbourhood, from time +immemorial, gives these venerable trees a date as far back as the +landing of the sea-kings on the coast of Sussex; and sundry poems by +local bards have been written on this theme. + +On one of the most prominent of the South Down Hills, rising immediately +above the yew-tree valley, and called Bow Hill, are two large, and some +smaller tumuli, which are always called by the natives the graves of the +sea-kings, who with their followers are supposed to have fallen in a +battle fought under these very yew trees. + +Can anybody tell me if the age of any of these trees has ever been +ascertained? Kingley Bottom, or, as people now-a-days prefer calling it, +Kingley Vale, is so much frequented as a spot for pic-nics and festive +days, that I have no doubt many of your readers have seen the trees to +which I refer, and can bear me out in asserting that they are worthy of +ranking, in age and beauty, with any of their species in the kingdom. + + SCANDINAVIAN. + +The "Hethel Thorn," so well known to many Norfolk people, is on a farm +now the property of that munificent patron of historical literature, Mr. +Hudson Gurney, by whom it was purchased from Sir Thomas Beevor. The +first Sir Thomas always said it was mentioned in a deed of 1200 and odd, +as a boundary, under the appellation of "the Old Thorn." It is stated, +also, that it is mentioned in some chronicle as _the thorn_ round which +a meeting of insurgent peasantry was held during the reign of King John +(can any readers of "NOTES AND QUERIES" give a reference to the precise +passage?). An etching of this interesting relic has been made by Mr. +Ninham. The involution of its branches, which are all hollow tubes, as +heavy as iron, is most curious; and although the tree is certainly +diminished of late years, it still puts out leaves and berries +vigorously. + + W. J. T. + +_Treatise against Equivocation_ (Vol. iv., p. 419.).--Your correspondent +EUPATOR has, in his examination of the MS. of this treatise, overlooked +a title prefixed by Garnet, which furnishes the heading by which the +book is correctly entered in the Catalogue of the Laudian MSS. as _A +Treatise against (not _of_ or _for_) Lying and Fraudulent +Dissimulation_. "Of" was first written, but at once crossed out, and +"against" written _after_ it, _not_ interlined. Of the two errors which +EUPATOR points out, the one was made at the press, by failure in reading +the contraction for "verbo," which is printed correctly at length at p. +43., and the other was a mistake on the part of the transcriber. + + W. D. M. + +_Lycian Inscriptions_ (Vol. iv., p. 383.).--As to the double language in +Homer of the gods and men, Heyne and others have thought (ad _Il._ A. +403.) that the one was the old language, the other the modern. See +Clarke ib., who thinks one was the learned name, the other the vulgar: +but gives a scholion of the former opinion. The passages are as follow: + + _Il._ Gods. Men. + Α 403. Briareus Ægæon. + Β 813. Tomb of Myrine Batiea. + Ξ 291. Chalcis Cymindis. + Υ 74. Xanthus Scamander. + +All these words, except one, are plain Greek,--and that one is a word of +men. It is impossible, therefore, that the gods' language could have +been the antiquated Greek language. + +In the _Odyssey_ (Κ 305.) Mercury says that a certain plant +is called _Moly_ by the gods, and that it is very difficult for men to +find. The answer to the question, What do men call it? therefore would +probably have been, that they have no name for it at all. It is an odd +word, not easy to derive, and ending in _u_; which Aristotle says is the +ending of only five words in Greek, and one of those, ἄστυ, was +obsolete as an appellative in Aristotle's time. + +Ichor, though applied in Homer to the gods, he does not say was a word +of the gods; and as it is used in Hippocrates, it is more probably a +dialectic than an antiquated word. Its termination, however is rare; and +in another instance, τεκμωρ, was obsolete in Aristotle's time +(_Rhet. init._). + +As to the Lycian language, the alphabet is said, in the appendix to +Fellows, to resemble partly the Greek, partly the Zend, and one or two +letters the Etruscan. The language is said (ib. 430.) to resemble the +Zend more than any other known language; but to differ too much to be +considered as a dialect of Zend, and must rank as a separate language. + +I would observe, that one of the peculiarities mentioned, as compared +with all the Indo-Germanic languages--namely, the having no consonant at +the end of the masculine or feminine accusative--existed in the old +Latin, as in the Scipionic tombs, "optimo viro, omne Loucana." + +Sir Edmund Head, in the _Classical Museum_, No. II., considers the +people to be the Solymi of Homer. + + C. B. + +_Alterius Orbis Papa_ (Vol. ii., p. 497.).--In Twysden's _Historical +Vindication of the Church of England_, p. 22. (Cambridge edition, 1847), +I find-- + + "After the erection of Canterbury into an archbishopric, the bishops + of that see were held _quasi alterius orbis papæ_, as Urban II. styled + them." + +In a note, William of Malmesbury (_De Gestis Pontif._, lib. i. in +Anselm., p. 223. l. 33.) is referred to as authority for the above +statement. Urban II. was pope from 1087 to 1099. + + C. W. G. + +_Carmagnoles_ (Vol. iv., p. 208.).--Your querist W. B. H. will perhaps +accept the following partial solution of his question, which has been +communicated to me by one of your own distinguished correspondents in +France. It is contained in a little volume published by Duellersan under +the following title, _Chansons Nationales et Populaires de France_, +Paris, 1846, 32mo: + + "Cette horrible chanson, la Carmagnole, est un monument curieux de la + folie démagogique, et nous la donnons pour faire voir avec quelle + poésie brutale on excitait le peuple. Elle eut une vogue en Août 1792, + époque à laquelle Louis XVI. fut mis au Temple. Elle devint le signal + et l'accompagnement des joies féroces et des exécutions sanglantes. On + dansait la _Carmagnole_ dans les bals; on la dansait au théâtre et + autour de la guillotine. Barrère appelait les discours qu'il + prononçait à la Convention, _des Carmagnoles_. L'air, qui est + véritablement entrainant, était joué en pas redoublé dans la musique + militaire; mais Bonaparte la défendit, ainsi que le _Ça-ira_, lors + qu'il fut Consul. + + "Cette chanson parut au moment où les troupes Françaises venaient + d'entrer triomphantes dans la Savoie et le Piemont. On ignore si la + musique et la danse de _la Carmagnole_ sont originaires de ce pays." + +In the month of January, 1849, the General-in-Chief of the army of +Paris, Changarnier, having taken vigorous measures to prevent new +tumults, the first verse of the original, which commences-- + + "Madame Veto avait promis + De faire égorger tout Paris," + +was thus parodied: + + "Changarnier avait promis + De faire brûler tout Paris," &c. + + PERIERGUS BIBLIOPHILUS. + +_General James Wolfe_ (Vol. iv., p. 271.).--The late Admiral Frank +Sotheron, of Kirklington Hall, near Southwell, Notts, was, I have heard, +related to Wolfe, and possessed a portrait and several letters of his. +Admiral Sotheron died some ten years ago, but his daughter (and only +child) married the present member for Wilts, who afterwards took the +name of Sotheron. + + J. M. W. + +I have a portrait of Wolfe in my possession, and, I believe, the +original from which the print, stated to be a scarce and contemporary +one, was taken, which furnishes the frontispiece to the second volume of +the _History of the Canadas_, by the author of _Hochelaga_. It fell, +singularly enough, into my hands a short time previous to the appearance +of the work in question, and I have been enabled since to trace its +possession by parties, and amongst them members of my own family, for a +very lengthened period. The artist I have not been able to discover; but +perhaps some possessor of the print, should the name appear, will afford +this information. + + C. A. P. + + (Great Yarmouth.) + +As your pages have lately contained several communications on the +subject of General Wolfe, I send you the following story, which I heard +from a lady now deceased. Some time after Wolfe's death his family +wished to give some memorial of him to the lady who had been engaged to +him, and they consulted her as to the form which it should take. Her +answer was, "A diamond necklace;" and her reason, because she was going +to be married to another person, and such an ornament would be useful. +My informant, whose birth, according to the _Peerage_, was in 1766, had, +in her earlier days, often met this lady, and described her as showing +remains of beauty, but as no wiser than this anecdote would lead us to +suppose her. + + J. C. R. + +_Johannes Trithemius_ (Vol. iv., p. 442.).--This noted historian and +divine was born at Trittenheim, in the electorate of Treves, in 1462. He +became abbot of Spanheim about 1482, where he made a rich collection of +manuscript and printed books. In 1506 he was appointed abbot of St. +James at Wurtzbourg. His writings are numerous, and there is an ample +collection of them in the British Museum. In his _Nepiachus_ he gives an +account of his life and studies. He died at Wurtzbourg in 1516. The +learned and judicious Daunou thus characterises the volume _De +scriptoribus ecclesiasticis_: "Malgré beaucoup d'omissions et d'erreurs, +ce livre a été fort utile à ceux qui ont depuis mieux traité la même +matière; on le consulte encore aujourd'hui." + +Leland, Bale, Pits, and Wharton, have recorded their obligations to +Trithemius. The venerable Leland quotes him frequently, under the name +of Trittemius, and styles him "homo diligentiæ plane maximæ nec minoris +lectionis." + + BOLTON CORNEY. + + "John Trytheme was a German Benedictine, and Abbot of Hirsauge, A.D. + 1484. He was the author of _A Catalogue of Ecclesiastical Writers_, + several _Letters_, Treatises of _Piety_, of _Doctrine_, and + _Morality_, other historical works, and _The Chronicle of + Hirsauge_."--(See Dufresnoy's _Chronological Tables_.) + +It would appear that the work _Trithemii Collectanea de Scriptoribus +Ecclesiasticis_ has gone through several editions; and Walch tells us +that "inter omnes ea eminet, quam Jo. Alberto Fabricio debemus." The +following remarks also respecting Trithemius appear in Walch's +_Bibliotheca_ (tom. iii. p. 389.): + + "Incipit Trithemius a Clemente Romano; recenset scriptores 970; ac + testatur, se in opere hoc conficiendo per septem fere annorum spatium + elaborasse. Possevinus, Labbeus, atque alii, varios ejus errores + chronologicos ac historicos notarunt. Quodsi autem rationem temporis + reputamus, quo Trithemius vixit scripsitque, causa omnino est, cur eum + ob errata non reprehendamus, sed excusemus atque industriam illius + laudemus." + +Cave, also, in his _Historia Literaria_ (part ii. p. 569.), gives us a +brief account of Trithemius, and of his literary productions. + + E. C. HARRINGTON. + + The Close, Exeter. + +The work of John Trittenheim, _De Scriptoribus Ecclesiasticis_, is held +in high and deserved repute. (See Fabricius, _Biblioth. Latin. Med. +Ætat._, iv. 451.) He died abbot of Würtzburg, in 1518. The copy of A. W. +H. is the first edition, which was published at Mainz (Moguntia) in +1494. + + C. H. + +_Sir William Herschel_ (Vol. ii., p. 391.).--Your correspondent gives +the quotation about the star observed in Virgo, which he supposes +identical with Neptune, quite correctly, except in one very material +point--the observer's name. The passage in question will be found in +Captain W. H. Smyth's _Cycle of Celestial Objects_, vol. ii. p. 264., +and is extracted from a letter addressed to him by M. Cacciatore of +Palermo, in 1835, many years after the death of Sir William. H. C. K. is +not the first person who has suggested the identity of the objects; but, +as pointed out by Captain Smyth in a paper on Neptune, in the _United +Service Journal_ for 1847, Part II., Neptune must, in 1835, have been +fully 120° from the position assigned by Cacciatore to the star observed +by him. + + J. S. WARDEN. + + Balica, Oct. 1851. + +_Dr. Wm. Wall_ (Vol. iv., p. 347.).--Your decision to exclude any +further contributions upon the question of the "Marriage of +Ecclesiastics" is most judicious. But ought the portion of Mr. HENRY +WALTER'S reply respecting Dr. Wall to pass unnoticed? Had the writer +referred to any of the biographical dictionaries in ordinary use, he +would have discovered that the "well-known Mr. Wall who wrote on +baptism" had conferred on him by the University of Oxford the degree of +D.D., to testify their high opinion of his writings. + +In addition to the Doctor's works on the baptismal controversy, two +books, which are not often met with now, were published after his death, +bearing the following titles:-- + + "Brief Critical Notes, especially on the various readings of the New + Testament Books. With a Preface concerning the Texts cited therein + from the Old Testament, as also concerning the Use of the Septuagint + Translation. By W. Wall, S.T.P., author of the History of Infant + Baptism, London, 1730." 8vo., pp. lxiv. 415. + + "Critical Notes on the Old Testament, wherein the present Hebrew Text + is explained, and in many places amended, from the ancient Versions, + more particularly from that of the LXXII. Drawn up in the order the + several Books were written, or may most conveniently be read. To which + is prefixed a large Introduction, adjusting the Authority of the + Masoretic Bible, and vindicating it from the objections of Mr. + Whiston, and the Author of the Grounds and Reasons of the Christian + Religion. By the late learned William Wall, D.D., Author of the + History of Infant Baptism. Now first published from his Original + Manuscript. London, 1734." 2 vols. 8vo. pp. lxi. 307. 354. v. + +These are valuable works, explaining many difficult expressions. + + JOHN I. DREDGE. + +_Parish Registers_ (Vol. iv., p. 232.).--J. B. is referred for the acts +of parliament relating to "Parish Registers," to Burn's _History of +Parish Registers_, 1829. This work has been out of print fifteen or +sixteen years, but may be seen in many public libraries. + + J. S. B. + +_Compositions during the Protectorate_ (Vol. iv., p. 406.).--W. H. L. +will probably find what he wants in a small volume, easily met with, +entitled _A Catalogue of the Lords, Knights, and Gentlemen that have +compounded for their Estates_, London, 1655, 12mo.; or another edition, +enlarged, Chester, 1733, 8vo. (See _Lowndes_, vol. i. p. 363.) + + H. F. + +_General Moyle_ (Vol. iv., p. 443.).--Major General John Moyle, who died +in 1738, and was buried at Rushbrooke, near Bury St. Edmund's, was the +son of the Rev. John Moyle, of Wimborne Minster, co. Dorset, by Mary his +wife, daughter and coheir of Sir Giles Eyre, Kt., one of the Judges of +the Common Pleas. General Moyle, by his wife, who was Isabella daughter +of Sir Robert Davers, of Rushbrooke, Bart., had a family of five sons +and one daughter; the latter married Samuel Horsey, Bath king-at-arms. + + G. A. C. + +_Descendants of John of Gaunt_ (Vol. iv., p. 343.).--A. B. may be right +as to there being "some little confusion in Burke's excellent work." +There certainly is no "_little_ confusion" in A. B.'s communication. + +Margaret Beaufort, successively Countess of Richmond and Derby, the +mother of King Henry VII., was the only child of John Beaufort, the +first Duke of Somerset. + +What can A. B. mean by "Henry, Edmund, and John, successively dukes of +Somerset," to whom he conjectures Margaret Beaufort might have been +sister? There were not three brothers Beaufort successively _dukes_ of +Somerset; nor were there ever three successive dukes of Somerset named +Henry, Edmund and John; though there certainly was a succession of John, +Edmund, and Henry, they being respectively father, uncle, and cousin of +Margaret. + +John Beaufort, Earl of Somerset, who had been created Marquis of +Somerset and Dorset, was, on his death (1410), succeeded in the earldom +of Somerset by his eldest son, Henry Beaufort, who dying without issue +(1418), the second son, John Beaufort, succeeded to this earldom. He was +created _Duke_ of Somerset (1443), and on his death without male issue +(1444), the dukedom became extinct; but the earldom of Somerset +descended to his brother, Edmund Beaufort, Marquis of Dorset (the third +son of John Beaufort, Earl of Somerset), who was afterwards (1448) +created Duke of Somerset. He was slain at the battle of St. Alban's +(1455), and was succeeded by his eldest son, Henry Beaufort, who was +beheaded in 1463. He is said to have been succeeded by his next brother, +Edmund Beaufort; but it is doubtful if the fact were so, and the better +opinion seems to be that the dukedom became extinct by the attainder of +Duke Henry in 1463. + +"The second and last Duke John," alluded to by A. B., is altogether a +myth: the last Beaufort Duke of Somerset was either Henry or Edmund; and +there was but one Duke John, and he was not the "second and last," but +the _first_ duke. + + C. H. COOPER. + + Cambridge. + +_Church of St. Bene't Fink_ (Vol. iv., p. 407.).--I think some account +of the inscriptions, or of their having been transcribed, will be found +in the _Gentleman's Magazine_, as well as of those removed by the +destruction of the church of _St. Michael's, Crooked Lane_, in order to +make the approaches for new London Bridge; there, also, I think I have +seen some account of the inscriptions in the church pulled down for the +erection of the _Bank of England_. The preservation of the monumental +records of the dead has been so frequently suggested in "NOTES AND +QUERIES," that I will not occupy space by urging further arguments in +favour of the scheme proposed for the transcription and preservation of +inscriptions on monuments and grave-stones. The numerous churches which, +in these days, are undergoing alterations and repairs, call for your +continued exertion to effect the object you have already submitted for +the purpose in former numbers. The ancient church of St. Mary, Lambeth, +has just been rebuilt, and many of the monumental tablets will of +necessity be removed from their former sites, and grave-stones may +disappear. The venerable _Ashmole_ lies at the entrance of the old +vestry, under a flat stone; and outside, a short distance from the +window, lies _Tradescant_, under a large altar-tomb in a state of decay! + + G. + +When the church of St. Bene't Fink was pulled down, to make room for the +new Royal Exchange in 1844, the monumental tablets, &c. were removed to +the church of St. Peter's-le-Poor in Old Broad Street, to which Parish +the former is now annexed. + + J. R. W. + + Bristol. + +_Coins of Vabalathus_ (Vol. iv., pp. 255, 427.).--An article on the +coins of the Zenobia family appeared in the _Revue Numismatique_, 1846, +vol. xi. p. 268. The writer of that article says-- + + "Il est impossible de rendre compte du mot ϹΡΩΙΑϹ ou + ϹΡΙΑϹ, qui précède, sur quelques pièces, le nom de + _Vabalathus_. La même observation s'applique aux médailles Latines + du même prince, dont le nom est suivi d'un certain nombre de + lettres, VCRIMDR ou VCRIIVID auxquelles on s'est efforcé + inutilement de trouver un sens." + + W. W. + +_Engraved Portrait_ (Vol. iv., p. 443).--This is the portrait of Daniel +De Foe, and was engraved by W. Sherwin. The verses underneath are-- + + "Here you may see an honest face, + Arm'd against Envy and Disgrace, + Who lives respected still in spite + Of those that punish them that write." + +It is mentioned in _The Catalogue of English Heads_, by Jos. Ames, p. +57. + + JOHN I. DREDGE. + +"_Cleanliness is next to godliness_" (Vol. iv., p. 256.).--The author of +the Epistle to the Hebrews says (ch. x. v. 22.): + + "Let us draw near with a true heart, in full assurance of faith, + having our hearts sprinkled from an evil conscience, and our bodies + washed with pure water." + +It has long been my opinion that the proverb in question arose from the +above text, in which _a pure conscience_, a necessary condition of +_godliness_, is immediately followed by an injunction to _cleanliness_. + + H. T. + +_Cozens the Painter_ (Vol. iv., p. 368.).--I would refer your +correspondent, for the few particulars known of him, to Edwards's +_Anecdotes of Painting_, 1808 (in continuation of Horace Walpole's +_Anecdotes_), p. 120. + +Cozens's chief patrons were Wm. Beckford, Esq., of Fonthill; G. Baker, +of St. Paul's Churchyard; John Hawkins, Esq., of Bognor; and the Earl of +Harewood (of his time). If your correspondent wishes to see some few +fine specimens of his works, Mr. George Smith, of Hamilton Terrace, and +Charles Sackwille Bale, Esq., of Cambridge Terrace, possess some very +fine ones. Mr. J. Heywood Hawkins has at Bognor his father's collection. + +Cozens's fine drawings are very uncommon, and he is now little known, +though one of the fathers of the Water-Colour School, and of the highest +ability. I am not aware of any published portrait of him: your +correspondent's portrait of him by Pine is therefore interesting. Pine +was Cozens's mother's brother. + + FRANCIS GRAVES. + +In addition to the opinion ascribed to Mr. Turner, it may be mentioned +that the late John Constable, R.A., spoke of Cozens as "_the_ greatest +of landscape-painters." I cannot at present give a reference to Leslie's +_Life of Constable_, but am sure that this saying occurs there more than +once. + + J. C. R. + +_Whig and Tory_ (Vol. iv., pp. 57. 281.).--In addition to what has +appeared in "NOTES AND QUERIES" respecting the etymology of these terms, +I send you a note of what Lingard says on the matter: + + "The celebrated party name _Tory_ is derived from _toringhim_, to + pursue for the sake of plunder. The name was given to certain parties + in Ireland, who, refusing to submit to Cromwell, retired into bogs and + fastnesses, formed bodies of armed men, supporting themselves and + their followers by the depredations which they committed on the + occupiers of their estates. They were called _Raperees_ and _Tories_." + + "It was during the reign of Charles II. that the appellations of + _Whig_ and _Tory_ became permanently affixed to the two great + political parties.... The first had long been given to the Covenanters + on the west of Scotland, and was supposed to convey a charge of + seditious and anti-monarchical principles...." + + PHILIP S. KING. + +_Prince Rupert's Drops_ (Vol. iv., pp. 234. 274.).--In your reply to the +Query respecting these drops, you state that it is not certain in what +country they were invented; I may therefore mention that the French call +them _larmes Bataviques_, from the circumstance of their being made in +Holland; from whence some were sent to Paris in 1656, to the Swedish +minister there, M. Chanut. + + PHILIP S. KING. + +_Deep Well near Bansted Downs_ (Vol. iv., p. 315.).--I am well +acquainted with the country immediately south of the Bansted Downs, and +can give W. S. G. some information about the wells there. + +I know no country where there is so great a scarcity of water. The +nearest stream is a small branch of the Mole, which has its rise some +three miles off, just beyond Merstham (pronounced "Meestrum"). The ponds +are very few and shallow, so that the inhabitants have to rely on wells +for their water. Wells, however, are an expensive luxury, and appertain +only to the better-most dwellings. I know several labourers' cottages +distant upwards of a mile from the nearest well or pond; they use what +water they catch, and when that is gone, shift as they best can,--most +commonly do without. This scarcity of water may be the reason why a +district within fifteen miles of London is so thinly populated. + +The country is very hilly, and even the valleys are some height above +the level of London. Woodmansterne is said to be the highest point in +Surrey next to Leith Hill. + +Most of the farm-houses and superior cottages have wells, and many of +these are of considerable depth. There is one just at the foot of +Bansted Downs (and consequently in the valley), which is 120 feet deep. +After a dry summer this well is very low, and after a second quite +empty. This is about the general depth of the valley wells. There is one +in the railway valley, below Chipsted Church, some 100 feet deep; I have +never known it dry. Within a stone's throw of this last, the London and +Brighton railway runs in a very deep cutting,--I have been told the +deepest railway cutting in England,--and great fears were entertained +that this deep cutting would drain this and several neighbouring wells. +The only way, however, in which the railway affected the wells, was to +cut right through one, parts of which may still be seen in the +embankment. + +It is not always the case that a deep well will drain its shallow +neighbours. At the Feathers Inn, at Merstham, is a well cut in the solid +chalk, 160 feet deep; this was quite out the other day, while two or +three wells not fifty yards off, each thirty feet deep, had plenty of +water. + +Of course the wells on the hills are much deeper than those in the +valleys. At a farm called Wood Place, some three miles from Bansted, is +a well 365 feet deep; it is never actually out of water; four pair of +hands are needed to raise the bucket. + +At a farm called Portnals, about a mile from Bansted, is the deepest +well I know in these parts; a horse is required to draw the water. It is +some 460 feet, and, I have been told, generally somewhat low. All these +wells are, I believe, in the chalk. + +In this part of Surrey are some wells said to be 500, 600, or even 700 +feet deep. + +W. S. G. may find some resemblance between the above and the one he +wants, else there is no truth in a well. + +I fear I am taking more of your space than my subject merits. I will +therefore briefly conclude with a Query. + +Where are the deepest wells in England? + + P. M. M. + +_Mrs. Mary Anne Clarke_ (Vol. iv., p. 396.).--Is Mrs. Mary Anne Clarke +really dead? + +She was alive two years since, and was then living with her son, Colonel +Clarke, somewhere on the Continent. Colonel Clarke is an officer of the +line, and is universally respected. + +I obtained the above information from a friend and brother officer of +the Colonel. + + FM. + +_Upton Court_ (Vol. iv., p. 315.).--My friend Miss Mitford gives a most +interesting account of Upton Court in the _Ladies' Companion_ for August +1850, which, as I know the place well, I believe to be perfectly +correct. A short extract may not be unwelcome: + + "Fifty years ago a Catholic priest was the sole inhabitant of this + interesting mansion. His friend, the late Mrs. Lenoir, Christopher + Smart's daughter, whose books, when taken up, one does not care to put + down again, wrote some verses to the great oak. Her nieces, whom I am + proud to call my friends, possess many reliques of that lovely + Arabella Fermor of whom Pope, in the charming dedication to the most + charming of his poems, said that 'the character of Belinda, as it was + now managed, resembled her in nothing but beauty.' + + "Amongst these reliques are her rosary, and a portrait, taken when she + was twelve or thirteen years of age. The face is most interesting: a + high, broad forehead; dark eyes, richly fringed and deeply set; a + straight nose, pouting lips, and a short chin finely rounded. The + dress is dark and graceful, with a little white turned back about the + neck and the loose sleeves. Altogether I never saw a more charming + girlish portrait, with so much of present beauty and so true a promise + of more,--of that order, too, high and intellectual, which great poets + love. Her last surviving son died childless in 1769, and the estate + passed into another family. + + "Yet another interest belongs to Upton; not indeed to the Court, but + to the Rectory. Poor Blanco White wrote under that roof his first + work, the well-known _Doblado's Letters_; and the late excellent + rector, Mr. Bishop, in common with the no less excellent Lord Holland + and Archbishop Whately, remained, through all that tried and alienated + other hearts, his fast friend to his last hour." + +The portrait of Arabella Fermor is in Reading, purchased at a sale at +Upton Court many years ago, when the property changed hands. + + JULIA R. BOCKETT. + + Southcote Lodge. + + + + +Miscellaneous. + + +NOTES ON BOOKS, SALES, CATALOGUES, ETC. + +Of the value of broadsides, flying sheets, political squibs, popular +ballads, &c. few can doubt; while the advantage of having these snatches +of popular literature, when collected, deposited in some public and +easily accessible library, will be readily admitted by all who may have +had occasion to trespass on the time and attention (readily as they may +be afforded to parties entitled to claim them), of the Master and +Fellows of Magdalene, when requiring to consult the matchless collection +of ballads, penny merriments, and chap books, deposited in their library +by Samuel Pepys. These remarks have been suggested to us by a very +handsome quarto volume entitled _Catalogue of Proclamations, Broadsides, +Ballads, and Poems presented to the Chetham Library_, by J. O. +Halliwell, Esq. As this catalogue is limited to one hundred copies, and +has been printed for private circulation only, we must confine ourselves +to announcing that it contains an enumeration of upwards of three +thousand documents of the classes specified, many of them of very +considerable interest, which the zeal of Mr. Halliwell has enabled him +to gather together, and which his liberality has led him to deposit in +the Chetham Library. We have marked several articles to which we propose +to call the attention of our readers at some future moment; and we have +no doubt that the Halliwell Collection in the Chetham Library, is one +which will hereafter be frequently referred to, and consulted by, +literary men. + +If the Popular Mythology of these islands is ever to be fitly recorded, +its most important illustration will be found in the writings of Grimm +and his fellow-labourers. How zealously they are pursuing their search +after the scattered fragments of the great mythological system which +once prevailed in Germany is shown by a new contribution to its history, +which has just been published by J. W. Wolf, under the title of +_Beiträge zur Deutschen Mythologie_: I. _Götter und Göttinnen_. In this +volume the reader will find not only much that is new and interesting in +connection with the history of the great mythic heroes and heroines, but +very valuable supplements on the subject of Superstitions and Popular +Charms. + +Mr. D'Alton, the author of _The History of Drogheda_, is about to +dispose of his Historical, Topographical, and Genealogical MS. +Collections. They occupy upwards of 200 volumes, and comprise, on the +plan of Watt's _Bibliotheca_, copious references to, and extracts from +Records, Registries, Pleadings, Wills, Funeral Monuments, and Manuscript +Pedigrees. They are to be sold wholly, or in lots, as classified at the +commencement of Mr. D'Alton's _Annals of Boyle_. + +Messrs. Ellis and Son, watchmakers, of Exeter, have published a very +interesting _Map showing the Time kept by Public Clocks in various Towns +in Great Britain_. Among many other curious notes which may be made on +this subject, we may mention that it is Sunday in Inverness and Glasgow +nearly seventeen minutes earlier than at Plymouth; and it will be 1852 +in Liverpool eleven minutes before it will be so in Bristol. + +Messrs. Cook and Hockin, of 289. Strand, have prepared a cheap, but very +complete Chemical Chest, to accompany _Stockhardt's Principles of +Chemistry illustrated by Simple Experiments_, recently published by Bohn +in his _Scientific Library_. + + +BOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES + +WANTED TO PURCHASE. + +TIMES NEWSPAPER, 1835 to 1840, or any of those years, in Vols. or +Numbers. + +FÜSSLEIN, JOH. CONRAD, BEYTRAGE ZUR ERLÄUTERUNG DER +KIRCHEN-REFORMATIONS-GESCHICHTE DES SCHWEITZERLANDES. 5 Vols. Zurich, +1741. + +THE COMPLAYNT OF SCOTLAND. 7_s._ 6_d._ will be given for a good complete +copy. + +SOUTHEY'S EDITION OF COWPER. Vols. X. XII. XIII. XIV. + +JOURNAL OF THE GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF DUBLIN. Vol. I. Part I. (Several +copies are wanted, and it is believed that many are lying in London or +Dublin.) + +MITFORD'S HISTORY OF GREECE. Vol. VI. Cadell, 1822. 8vo. + +WILLIS'S ARCHITECTURE OF THE MIDDLE AGES. 15_s._ will be given for a +copy. + +FLUDD (ROBERT, M.D.) _alias_ DE FLUCTIBUS, called the Searcher. Any of +his works. + +BEHMEN'S (JACOB) GENESIS. + +LAW'S APPEAL, &c. + +LAW'S APPEAL CASE OF REASON. + + [Star symbol] Letters, stating particulars and lowest price, _carriage + free_, to be sent to MR. 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Gresham +Street West, and all Booksellers. + + +On the 1st of January, Part I. price 4_s._ of + + A DICTIONARY OF + GREEK AND ROMAN GEOGRAPHY. + BY VARIOUS WRITERS. + + Illustrated with Coins, Plans of Cities, Districts and Battles, + &c. + + EDITED BY WILLIAM SMITH, LL.D., Editor of the Dictionaries of + "Greek and Roman Antiquities," and of "Biography and Mythology." + + Although for the sake of uniformity, it is called a Dictionary of + _Greek_ and _Roman_ Geography, it will be in reality a Dictionary + of _Ancient_ Geography, including even Scriptural Names. At + present there does not exist, either in the English or in the + German languages, any work on Ancient Geography sufficiently + comprehensive and accurate to satisfy the demands of modern + scholarship. And yet there are few subjects connected with + antiquity for which we have such ample materials. The discoveries + of modern travellers, as well as the researches of modern + scholars, have, within the last few years, added greatly to our + knowledge of Ancient Geography; and it will be the aim of the + Editor to present, in the present work, the results of their + labours in this important branch of Classical Antiquity. + + The work will, of course, not be confined to a barren description + of the geography of countries and of the sites of places; but it + will also include an account of the political history, both of + countries and of cities. An attempt will likewise be made to + trace, as far as possible, the history of the more important + buildings of the cities, and to give an account of their present + condition, wherever they still exist. + + [Star symbol] To appear in Quarterly Parts, and to form One Volume, + Medium 8vo. + + London: TAYLOR, WALTON, and MABERLY, 28. Upper Gower Street, and + 27. Ivy Lane, Paternoster Row; and JOHN MURRAY, Albemarle Street. + + +BEATSON'S POLITICAL INDEX MODERNISED. + + Just published, in 8vo., price 25_s._ half-bound, + + HAYDN'S BOOK OF DIGNITIES: Containing Rolls of the Official + Personages of the British Empire, Civil, Ecclesiastical, Judicial, + Military, Naval, and Municipal, from the Earliest Periods to the + Present Time; compiled chiefly from the Records of the Public + Offices. Together with the Sovereigns of Europe, from the + Foundation of their respective States; the Peerage of England and + of Great Britain; and numerous other Lists. + + "It is impossible to speak too highly of this stupendous + repository of historical information."--_John Bull._ + + "We should find it difficult to speak too highly of a vast labour + of this kind, so useful in the benefits it extends to others, so + modest in the praise it challenges for itself."--_Examiner._ + + "It is difficult to exaggerate the usefulness of a compilation + like this. To all public and official men, and to others engaged + in various branches of historical research, it will be a book of + constant reference."--_Morning Post._ + + "The 'Book of Dignities' will become a necessary volume in all + public offices, and will be found in most libraries a valuable + book of reference, in affording information of a kind not + elsewhere collected together, while it may be relied on as recent + and authentic."--_Literary Gazette._ + + London: LONGMAN, BROWN, GREEN, and LONGMANS. + + +Valuable and Curious Library of the late Edward Drummond Hay, Esq. + + MESSRS. S. LEIGH SOTHEBY & JOHN WILKINSON, Auctioneers of Literary + Property and Works illustrative of the Fine Arts, will SELL by + AUCTION, at their House, 3. Wellington Street, Strand, on MONDAY, + December 22d., 1851, and following Day, at 1 o'Clock precisely, a + very Valuable Collection of Books, including the Second Portion of + the Library of the late Edward Drummond Hay, Esq., comprising + numerous Rare and Curious Articles in Theological and Historical + Literature, Works relating to the early History of America, + curious Voyages and Travels, Old Poetry, &c., and containing, + among others of importance, Capt. (John) Davis's Worldes + Hydrographical Description, 1595, containing his Three Voyages to + the Northern Ocean, the Presentation Copy to Prince Henry, with + Autograph Note of the Writer; De Bry's Voyages, Three Parts, + 1590-2, the Plates finished in Gold and Silver, for the purpose of + Presentation; a large Copy of T. Coryate's Crudities, 1611, with + his Crambe and Odcombian Banquet: Rare Pieces, by Nicolas Breton, + Tom Nash, John Heywood, Geo. Whetstone, &c. Also, Copies of King + Edward VI.'s (1549 and 1552) and Queen Elizabeth's Editions of the + Prayer-Book, 1559; with other Interesting Books in Black Letter. + Sets of the Historical Society and the Parker Society + Publications, &c. + + May be viewed two days prior, and Catalogues had of + + MESSRS. PARKER, Oxford; DEIGHTON, Cambridge; LANGBRIDGE, + Birmingham; HODGES and SMITH, Dublin; BLACKWOOD, Edinburgh; and at + the place of Sale. If in the country, on receipt of four postage + stamps. + + +H. NOEL HUMPHREYS' NEW WORK. + + Now ready, in super-royal 8vo., price 28_s._ handsomely bound in + cloth, gilt edges, with 12 beautiful Chromo-lithographic + illustrations, &c. + + TEN CENTURIES OF ART; its Progress in Europe from the Ninth to the + Nineteenth Century; with a Glance at the Artistic Productions of + Classical Antiquity, and Considerations on the probable influence + of the Great Exhibition, and on the present state and future + prospects of Art in Great Britain. By H. NOEL HUMPHREYS. + + By the same Author, + + ANCIENT COINS AND MEDALS, with numerous Examples of Rare and + exquisite Greek and Roman Coins executed in actual Relief, and in + their respective Medals. Second Edition. Price 25_s._ bound. + + GRANT & GRIFFITH, corner of St. Paul's Churchyard. + + +Just published, Fcap. 8vo. cloth, price 6_s._ + + SERMONS on the DOCTRINES and MEANS of GRACE, and on the Seven + Words from the Cross. By GEORGE TREVOR, M.A., Canon of York. + + London: GEORGE BELL, 186. Fleet Street. + + +THE QUARTERLY REVIEW. No. CLXXIX. ADVERTISEMENTS and BILLS for the +forthcoming Number must be forwarded to the Publisher by the 22nd +instant. + + JOHN MURRAY, Albemarle Street. + + +Nearly ready in 1 vol. post 8vo., illustrated with Maps. + + INDIA IN GREECE, or TRUTH in MYTHOLOGY, by E. POCOCKE, Esq. This + work, containing the earliest History of Greece drawn from + original sources, treats of the Colonization of that Country from + North Western India; of the Buddhistic Propaganda, the Tartarian + Mission, and the Wars of the Grand Lama in Hellas. Corresponding + Maps of India and Greece, exhibit the exact parent tribes and + districts of the latter country--in Cashmir, Thibet, Tartary, + Afghanistan, and North Western India. This geographical basis + leads the way to a thorough revision of Early Hellenic History, + whereby the Cyclopes, Autochthones, Erectheus, Cecrops, + Corybantes, Cabeiri, and a long list of mythologic agents are at + once placed in the category of History. This work, equally adapted + to the general reader and the scholar, corroborates in the most + interesting way the Scriptural Accounts of the Hebrew Settlements + of the Children of Israel in Palestine, and demonstrates their + wars with the Tartar and Rajpoot tribes of that country. + + JOHN J. GRIFFIN & CO., 53. Baker Street, London. + + RICHARD GRIFFIN & CO., Glasgow. + + +This day, Octavo, 10_s._ 6_d._ + + MANUAL OF GEOGRAPHICAL SCIENCE. Edited by the Rev. C. G. NICOLAY, + F.R.G.S. Part the First, containing + + MATHEMATICAL GEOGRAPHY, by M. O'BRIEN, M.A., F.R.S., Professor of + Natural Philosophy and Astronomy in King's College, London. + + PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY, by D. T. ANSTED, M.A., F.R.S., Professor of + Geology in King's College, London. + + CHARTOGRAPHY, by J. R. JACKSON, F.R.S., late Secretary of the + Royal Geographical Society. + + THEORY OF DESCRIPTION AND GEOGRAPHICAL TERMINOLOGY, by Rev. C. G. + NICOLAY, F.R.G.S., Librarian of King's College, London. + + Also (to accompany the "Manual of Geographical Science"), 5_s._ + + ATLAS OF PHYSICAL AND HISTORICAL GEOGRAPHY. Engraved by J. W. + LOWRY, under the direction of Professor ANSTED and Rev. C. G. + NICOLAY. + + London: JOHN W. PARKER & SON, West Strand. + + +THE BEST IS THE CHEAPEST. + + The Best Congou Tea 3_s._ 8_d._ per lb. + The Best Souchong Tea 4_s._ 4_d._ " + The Best Gunpowder Tea 5_s._ 8_d._ " + The Best Old Mocha Coffee 1_s._ 4_d._ " + The Best West India Coffee 1_s._ 4_d._ " + The Fine True Ripe Rich + Rare Souchong Tea 4_s._ 0_d._ " + + 40_s._ worth or upwards sent CARRIAGE FREE to any part of England by + + PHILLIPS & CO., TEA MERCHANTS, No. 8. King William Street, City, + London. + + + + +Printed by THOMAS CLARK SHAW, of No. 8. New Street Square, at No. 5. New +Street Square, in the Parish of St. Bride, in the City of London: and +published by GEORGE BELL, of No. 186. Fleet Street, in the Parish of St. +Dunstan in the West, in the City of London, Publisher, at No. 186. Fleet +Street aforesaid.--Saturday, December 20. 1851. + + + + + [List of volumes and pages in "Notes and Queries", Vol. I-IV] + + +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+ + | Notes and Queries Vol. I. | + +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+ + | Vol., No. | Date, Year | Pages | PG # xxxxx | + +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+ + | Vol. I No. 1 | November 3, 1849 | 1 - 17 | PG # 8603 | + | Vol. I No. 2 | November 10, 1849 | 18 - 32 | PG # 11265 | + | Vol. I No. 3 | November 17, 1849 | 33 - 46 | PG # 11577 | + | Vol. I No. 4 | November 24, 1849 | 49 - 63 | PG # 13513 | + +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+ + | Vol. I No. 5 | December 1, 1849 | 65 - 80 | PG # 11636 | + | Vol. I No. 6 | December 8, 1849 | 81 - 95 | PG # 13550 | + | Vol. I No. 7 | December 15, 1849 | 97 - 112 | PG # 11651 | + | Vol. I No. 8 | December 22, 1849 | 113 - 128 | PG # 11652 | + | Vol. I No. 9 | December 29, 1849 | 130 - 144 | PG # 13521 | + +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+ + | Vol. I No. 10 | January 5, 1850 | 145 - 160 | PG # | + | Vol. I No. 11 | January 12, 1850 | 161 - 176 | PG # 11653 | + | Vol. I No. 12 | January 19, 1850 | 177 - 192 | PG # 11575 | + | Vol. I No. 13 | January 26, 1850 | 193 - 208 | PG # 11707 | + +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+ + | Vol. I No. 14 | February 2, 1850 | 209 - 224 | PG # 13558 | + | Vol. I No. 15 | February 9, 1850 | 225 - 238 | PG # 11929 | + | Vol. I No. 16 | February 16, 1850 | 241 - 256 | PG # 16193 | + | Vol. I No. 17 | February 23, 1850 | 257 - 271 | PG # 12018 | + +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+ + | Vol. I No. 18 | March 2, 1850 | 273 - 288 | PG # 13544 | + | Vol. I No. 19 | March 9, 1850 | 289 - 309 | PG # 13638 | + | Vol. I No. 20 | March 16, 1850 | 313 - 328 | PG # 16409 | + | Vol. I No. 21 | March 23, 1850 | 329 - 343 | PG # 11958 | + | Vol. I No. 22 | March 30, 1850 | 345 - 359 | PG # 12198 | + +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+ + | Vol. I No. 23 | April 6, 1850 | 361 - 376 | PG # 12505 | + | Vol. I No. 24 | April 13, 1850 | 377 - 392 | PG # 13925 | + | Vol. I No. 25 | April 20, 1850 | 393 - 408 | PG # 13747 | + | Vol. I No. 26 | April 27, 1850 | 409 - 423 | PG # 13822 | + +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+ + | Vol. I No. 27 | May 4, 1850 | 425 - 447 | PG # 13712 | + | Vol. I No. 28 | May 11, 1850 | 449 - 463 | PG # 13684 | + | Vol. I No. 29 | May 18, 1850 | 465 - 479 | PG # 15197 | + | Vol. I No. 30 | May 25, 1850 | 481 - 495 | PG # 13713 | + +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+ + | Notes and Queries Vol. II. | + +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Vol., No. | Date, Year | Pages | PG # xxxxx | + +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Vol. II No. 31 | June 1, 1850 | 1- 15 | PG # 12589 | + | Vol. II No. 32 | June 8, 1850 | 17- 32 | PG # 15996 | + | Vol. II No. 33 | June 15, 1850 | 33- 48 | PG # 26121 | + | Vol. II No. 34 | June 22, 1850 | 49- 64 | PG # 22127 | + | Vol. II No. 35 | June 29, 1850 | 65- 79 | PG # 22126 | + +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Vol. II No. 36 | July 6, 1850 | 81- 96 | PG # 13361 | + | Vol. II No. 37 | July 13, 1850 | 97-112 | PG # 13729 | + | Vol. II No. 38 | July 20, 1850 | 113-128 | PG # 13362 | + | Vol. II No. 39 | July 27, 1850 | 129-143 | PG # 13736 | + +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Vol. II No. 40 | August 3, 1850 | 145-159 | PG # 13389 | + | Vol. II No. 41 | August 10, 1850 | 161-176 | PG # 13393 | + | Vol. II No. 42 | August 17, 1850 | 177-191 | PG # 13411 | + | Vol. II No. 43 | August 24, 1850 | 193-207 | PG # 13406 | + | Vol. II No. 44 | August 31, 1850 | 209-223 | PG # 13426 | + +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Vol. II No. 45 | September 7, 1850 | 225-240 | PG # 13427 | + | Vol. II No. 46 | September 14, 1850 | 241-256 | PG # 13462 | + | Vol. II No. 47 | September 21, 1850 | 257-272 | PG # 13936 | + | Vol. II No. 48 | September 28, 1850 | 273-288 | PG # 13463 | + +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Vol. II No. 49 | October 5, 1850 | 289-304 | PG # 13480 | + | Vol. II No. 50 | October 12, 1850 | 305-320 | PG # 13551 | + | Vol. II No. 51 | October 19, 1850 | 321-351 | PG # 15232 | + | Vol. II No. 52 | October 26, 1850 | 353-367 | PG # 22624 | + +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Vol. II No. 53 | November 2, 1850 | 369-383 | PG # 13540 | + | Vol. II No. 54 | November 9, 1850 | 385-399 | PG # 22138 | + | Vol. II No. 55 | November 16, 1850 | 401-415 | PG # 15216 | + | Vol. II No. 56 | November 23, 1850 | 417-431 | PG # 15354 | + | Vol. II No. 57 | November 30, 1850 | 433-454 | PG # 15405 | + +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Vol. II No. 58 | December 7, 1850 | 457-470 | PG # 21503 | + | Vol. II No. 59 | December 14, 1850 | 473-486 | PG # 15427 | + | Vol. II No. 60 | December 21, 1850 | 489-502 | PG # 24803 | + | Vol. II No. 61 | December 28, 1850 | 505-524 | PG # 16404 | + +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Notes and Queries Vol. III. | + +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Vol., No. | Date, Year | Pages | PG # xxxxx | + +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Vol. III No. 62 | January 4, 1851 | 1- 15 | PG # 15638 | + | Vol. III No. 63 | January 11, 1851 | 17- 31 | PG # 15639 | + | Vol. III No. 64 | January 18, 1851 | 33- 47 | PG # 15640 | + | Vol. III No. 65 | January 25, 1851 | 49- 78 | PG # 15641 | + +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Vol. III No. 66 | February 1, 1851 | 81- 95 | PG # 22339 | + | Vol. III No. 67 | February 8, 1851 | 97-111 | PG # 22625 | + | Vol. III No. 68 | February 15, 1851 | 113-127 | PG # 22639 | + | Vol. III No. 69 | February 22, 1851 | 129-159 | PG # 23027 | + +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Vol. III No. 70 | March 1, 1851 | 161-174 | PG # 23204 | + | Vol. III No. 71 | March 8, 1851 | 177-200 | PG # 23205 | + | Vol. III No. 72 | March 15, 1851 | 201-215 | PG # 23212 | + | Vol. III No. 73 | March 22, 1851 | 217-231 | PG # 23225 | + | Vol. III No. 74 | March 29, 1851 | 233-255 | PG # 23282 | + +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Vol. III No. 75 | April 5, 1851 | 257-271 | PG # 23402 | + | Vol. III No. 76 | April 12, 1851 | 273-294 | PG # 26896 | + | Vol. III No. 77 | April 19, 1851 | 297-311 | PG # 26897 | + | Vol. III No. 78 | April 26, 1851 | 313-342 | PG # 26898 | + +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Vol. III No. 79 | May 3, 1851 | 345-359 | PG # 26899 | + | Vol. III No. 80 | May 10, 1851 | 361-382 | PG # 32495 | + | Vol. III No. 81 | May 17, 1851 | 385-399 | PG # 29318 | + | Vol. III No. 82 | May 24, 1851 | 401-415 | PG # 28311 | + | Vol. III No. 83 | May 31, 1851 | 417-440 | PG # 36835 | + +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Vol. III No. 84 | June 7, 1851 | 441-472 | PG # 37379 | + | Vol. III No. 85 | June 14, 1851 | 473-488 | PG # 37403 | + | Vol. III No. 86 | June 21, 1851 | 489-511 | PG # 37496 | + | Vol. III No. 87 | June 28, 1851 | 513-528 | PG # 37516 | + +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Notes and Queries Vol. IV. | + +-----------------+--------------------+---------+------------+ + | Vol., No. | Date, Year | Pages | PG # xxxxx | + +-----------------+--------------------+---------+------------+ + | Vol. IV No. 88 | July 5, 1851 | 1- 15 | PG # 37548 | + | Vol. IV No. 89 | July 12, 1851 | 17- 31 | PG # 37568 | + | Vol. IV No. 90 | July 19, 1851 | 33- 47 | PG # 37593 | + | Vol. IV No. 91 | July 26, 1851 | 49- 79 | PG # 37778 | + +-----------------+--------------------+---------+------------+ + | Vol. IV No. 92 | August 2, 1851 | 81- 94 | PG # 38324 | + | Vol. IV No. 93 | August 9, 1851 | 97-112 | PG # 38337 | + | Vol. IV No. 94 | August 16, 1851 | 113-127 | PG # 38350 | + | Vol. IV No. 95 | August 23, 1851 | 129-144 | PG # 38386 | + | Vol. IV No. 96 | August 30, 1851 | 145-167 | PG # 38405 | + +-----------------+--------------------+---------+------------+ + | Vol. IV No. 97 | Sept. 6, 1851 | 169-183 | PG # 38433 | + | Vol. IV No. 98 | Sept. 13, 1851 | 185-200 | PG # 38491 | + | Vol. IV No. 99 | Sept. 20, 1851 | 201-216 | PG # 38574 | + | Vol. IV No. 100 | Sept. 27, 1851 | 217-246 | PG # 38656 | + +-----------------+--------------------+---------+------------+ + | Vol. IV No. 101 | Oct. 4, 1851 | 249-264 | PG # 38701 | + | Vol. IV No. 102 | Oct. 11, 1851 | 265-287 | PG # 38773 | + | Vol. IV No. 103 | Oct. 18, 1851 | 289-303 | PG # 38864 | + | Vol. IV No. 104 | Oct. 25, 1851 | 305-333 | PG # 38926 | + +-----------------+--------------------+---------+------------+ + | Vol. IV No. 105 | Nov. 1, 1851 | 337-358 | PG # 39076 | + | Vol. IV No. 106 | Nov. 8, 1851 | 361-374 | PG # 39091 | + | Vol. IV No. 107 | Nov. 15, 1851 | 377-396 | PG # 39135 | + | Vol. IV No. 108 | Nov. 22, 1851 | 401-414 | PG # 39197 | + | Vol. IV No. 109 | Nov. 29, 1851 | 417-430 | PG # 39233 | + +-----------------+--------------------+---------+------------+ + | Vol. IV No. 110 | Dec. 6, 1851 | 433-460 | PG # 39338 | + | Vol. IV No. 111 | Dec. 13, 1851 | 465-478 | PG # 39393 | + +-----------------+--------------------+---------+------------+ + | Vol I. Index. [Nov. 1849-May 1850] | PG # 13536 | + | INDEX TO THE SECOND VOLUME. MAY-DEC., 1850 | PG # 13571 | + | INDEX TO THE THIRD VOLUME. JAN.-JUNE, 1851 | PG # 26770 | + +------------------------------------------------+------------+ + + + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Notes and Queries, Vol. IV, Number +112, December 20, 1851, by Various + +*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES AND QUERIES, DEC 20, 1851 *** + +***** This file should be named 39438-0.txt or 39438-0.zip ***** +This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: + http://www.gutenberg.org/3/9/4/3/39438/ + +Produced by Charlene Taylor, Jonathan Ingram and the Online +Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This +file was produced from images generously made available +by The Internet Library of Early Journals.) + + +Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions +will be renamed. + +Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no +one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation +(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without +permission and without paying copyright royalties. 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You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: Notes and Queries, Vol. IV, Number 112, December 20, 1851 + A Medium of Inter-communication for Literary Men, Artists, + Antiquaries, Genealogists, etc. + +Author: Various + +Editor: George Bell + +Release Date: April 13, 2012 [EBook #39438] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1 + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES AND QUERIES, DEC 20, 1851 *** + + + + +Produced by Charlene Taylor, Jonathan Ingram and the Online +Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This +file was produced from images generously made available +by The Internet Library of Early Journals.) + + + + + +[Transcriber's note: Characters with macrons have been marked in +brackets with an equal sign, as [=e] for a letter e with a macron on +top. Underscores have been used to indicate _italic_ fonts; equal signs +indicate =bold= fonts. Original spelling variations have not been +standardized. A list of volumes and pages in "Notes and Queries" has +been added at the end.] + + + + +NOTES AND QUERIES: + +A MEDIUM OF INTER-COMMUNICATION + +FOR + +LITERARY MEN, ARTISTS, ANTIQUARIES, GENEALOGISTS, ETC. + +"When found, make a note of."--CAPTAIN CUTTLE. + +VOL. IV.--NO. 112--SATURDAY, DECEMBER 20. 1851. + +Price Threepence. Stamped Edition 4_d._ + + + + +CONTENTS. + + Page + + + NOTES:-- + + Wady Mokatteb identified with Kibroth Hattavah, by + the Rev. Moses Margoliouth 481 + + On a Passage in Goldsmith, by Henry H. Breen 482 + + Minor Notes:--Biographical Dictionary--The Word + Premises--Play of George Barnwell--Traditions from + Remote Periods through few Links 483 + + QUERIES:-- + + Deodands and their Application, by Jonathan Peel 484 + + Minor Queries:--Hell paved with the Skulls of + Priests--Charib--Thumb Bible--Tripos--Louis Philippe + and his Bag of Nails--Brass Statues at Windsor--Edmund + Bohun--Bishop Trelawney 484 + + MINOR QUERIES ANSWERED:--Companion Ladder--Macaulay's + Ballad of the Battle of Naseby 485 + + REPLIES:-- + + The Crucifix as used by the Early Christians, by + J. Emerson Tennent 485 + + The Word "[Greek: Adelphos]." by T. R. Brown 486 + + The Roman Index Expurgatorius of 1607 487 + + Replies to Minor Queries:--Hobbes's "Leviathan"--Age + of Trees--Treatise against Equivocation--Lycian + Inscriptions--Alterius Orbis Papa--Carmagnoles--General + James Wolfe--Johannes Trithemius--Sir William + Herschel--Dr. Wm. Wall--Parish Registers--Compositions + during the Protectorate--General Moyle--Descendants + of John of Gaunt--Church of St. Bene't Fink--Coins + of Vabalathus--Engraved Portrait--"Cleanliness is next + to godliness"--Cozens the Painter--Whig and Tory--Prince + Rupert's Drops--Deep Well near Bansted Downs--Mrs. Mary + Anne Clarke--Upton Court 487 + + MISCELLANEOUS:-- + + Notes on Books, Sales, Catalogues, &c. 493 + + Books and Odd Volumes wanted 494 + + Notices to Correspondents 494 + + Advertisements 494 + + + + +Notes. + + +WADY MOKATTEB IDENTIFIED WITH KIBROTH HATTAVAH. + +The difficulty of deciding the antiquity of the famous inscriptions in +the deserts of Arabia, would be considerably diminished if we could +ascertain the earliest mention of the valley now known as Wady Mokatteb. +What I am about to submit to the readers of the "NOTES AND QUERIES," is +not a presumptuous or rash suggestion, but an idea diffidently +entertained, and cautiously and maturely considered. + +It is not at all improbable that that valley, with its surrounding rocky +chronicles, was first mentioned by Moses, the first delineator of the +"great wilderness." The mention I allude to is to be found in Numbers, +xi. 26. The passage, as it occurs in the English version, runs thus: + + "But there remained two of the men in the camp, the name of the one + was Eldad, and the name of the other was Medad; and the Spirit rested + upon them, and they were of them that were written." + +The original words of the last clause are but the two following:-- + + [Hebrew: vhmh bakkthwbym] + +which literally signify, "and they were amongst the inscriptions." + +A personal and literary examination of the locality of the Sinaitic +inscriptions convinces me that Eldad and Medad were then in that famous +region. By a reference to the chapter alluded to, it will be found that +the children of Israel were then at that awfully memorable place called +_Kibroth Hattavah_ (ver. 34.), and no one, who has but a slight +knowledge of scripture topography, will be at a loss to observe that it +is the very spot where the mysterious inscriptions are found. + +Dr. Robinson, in his _Biblical Researches_, vol. i. p. 138., thus +notices the subject in question: + + "The Sinaite inscriptions are found on all the routes which lead from + the West towards Sinai, above the convent El-Arbain, but are found + neither on Gebel Msa, nor on the present Horeb, nor on St. Catherine, + nor in the valley of the convent; while on Serbal they are seen on its + very summit." + +Lord Lindsay, in his first letter from _Edom and the Holy Land_, +introduces the same district in the following words: + + "We now entered Wady Mokatteb, a spacious valley, bounded on the east + by a most picturesque range of black mountains, but chiefly famous for + the inscriptions on the rocks that line it, and from which it derives + its name. There are thousands of them, inscriptions too, and here is + the mystery, in a character which no one has yet deciphered." + +Now, let the ancient and modern maps be compared, and it will be +discovered that the same place which is called, in Num. xi. 26., +[Hebrew: kthwbym], probably on account of its inscriptions, is also +called by the Arabians [Arabic: wadi el mokatteb] _Wady el Mokatteb_. + +Should the identity between Wady Mokatteb and Kibroth Hattavah be +considered conclusive, then the antiquity of the Sinaitic inscriptions +is far more remote than the date fixed by certain archologists and +palographists; the records may prove to be, in truth and in deed, the +handy-work of the Israelites during their encampment there. + +The readers of the "NOTES AND QUERIES" need scarcely be told that the +inscriptions were first noticed in the sixth century by Cosmas, a +Grco-Indian merchant, who was hence surnamed Indicopleustes. But it is +necessary to impress the fact that Cosmas, though a man of intelligence +and of letters, considered that the alphabet in which the inscriptions +were made, was unknown; but having visited the Wady in company with +certain well-informed Jews, his Hebrew companions read and deciphered +several of the records, and decided that the Israelites of the Egyptian +Exodus were the performers of the inscriptions. All this Cosmas stated +in his _Christian Topography_ (a work published for the first time in +1707 by the learned Montfauon), and concurs in the opinion that the +ancient Hebrews were the scribes. This circumstance borne in mind, will +be proof against the theory conceived by Professor Beer, brought forth +by Dr. Lepsius, adopted and fostered by Dr. Wilson, viz. that an Utopian +Nabathan Christian tribe executed those inscriptions during their +pilgrimages to the sacred localities on Mount Sinai. Is it not strange +that Cosmas should not have heard that there was such a tribe of scribes +in the valley? Is it not unaccountable that the knowledge of the +alphabet should so soon have been forgotten? Cosmas flourished +comparatively but a short time after the supposed Nabathans. + +But the advocates of the Nabathan theory argue that the Sinaitic +inscriptions must be of a comparatively modern date, since there are +found amongst them some Greek and Latin ones; and, moreover, the cross +does sometimes occur in various shapes. I venture to submit that the +inscriptions bear self-evidence that they have been executed at various +dates. It is true that by far the greatest number of them display +indubitable marks of remote antiquity; but there are some which must be +pronounced juvenile when compared with the _great majority_. The latter +bear marks of an execution resembling the inscriptions on the ancient +Egyptian obelisks, whilst the former are rude and superficially cut, and +already almost effaced. I take, therefore, the Greek and Latin, and +indeed some of the yet unknown inscriptions, to have been cut at a +comparatively modern date. Who knows whether Cosmas and his companions +did not try their hands at a few? + +Why should it be thought improbable that the different monks on Mount +Sinai, who occupied the convent there at various ages, should have done +their quota to puzzle the modern palographist and traveller? Is it +absolutely impossible that the prefect of the Franciscan missionaries of +Egypt, who visited the Wady in 1722, and his companions, who were well +instructed in the Arabic, Greek, Hebrew, Syriac, Coptic, Latin, +Armenian, Turkish, English, Illyrian, German, and Bohemian languages, +should have chiselled a few in the characters they were most expert? In +the same manner might the occurrence of the cross be accounted for, if +it were necessary, without precipitating oneself to the conclusion that +"the occurrence, in connection with the inscriptions of the cross in +various forms, indicates that their _origin_ should be attributed to the +early Christians." But is it possible that such antiquaries as Drs. +Beer, Lepsius, and Wilson, should be ignorant, or affect to be ignorant, +that the cross was an ancient hieroglyphic, of a date long before the +Christian era, well known by the name of _Crux Ansata_, and of the +_Divina Taw_, and signified among the Egyptians "Life to come"? That the +form of the cross was used among the Hebrews is conclusive from the fact +that it was the ancient Hebrew mint letter for the [Hebrew: tav]. What, +then, is the value of the arguments in behalf of the Nabathan theory? +All the specimens that have been given hitherto of the inscriptions, are +no more in comparison with the vast numbers which literally cover the +highest mountains, than a drop out of a bucket, including even those +given in the _Philosophical Transactions_ of 1766, in the _Transactions +of the Royal Society of Literature_ of 1832, and by the Rev. Charles +Forster of this year[1], and even adding the 1200 taken by M. Lottin de +Laval. (See "NOTES AND QUERIES", Vol. iv., p. 332.) + + [Footnote 1: _The One Primeval Language, &c._, by the Rev. Charles + Forster. The above is a compendium of two letters which the writer + addressed on the subject to his Grace the Archbishop of Dublin, + and the late Bishop of Norwich,--to the former from Paris, to the + latter from Alexandria. See _A Pilgrimage to the Land of my + Fathers_, vol. i. pp. 6-15. Mr. Forster's work did not appear + until about a year after the publication of part of the writer's + travels.] + + MOSES MARGOLIOUTH. + + +ON A PASSAGE IN GOLDSMITH. + +Goldsmith, in _The Deserted Village_, has the lines: + + "Ill fares the land, to hastening ills a prey, + Where wealth accumulates and men decay: + Princes and lords may flourish or may fade, + _A breath can make them, as a breath has made_; + But a bold peasantry, their country's pride, + When once destroy'd, can never be supplied." + +In this passage the fourth line, which I have given in italics, is +traced by D'Israeli, in _Curiosities of Literature_, under the head of +"Imitations and Similarities," to the French poet, De Caux, who, +comparing the world to his hour-glass, says-- + + ---- "C'est une verre qui luit, + Qu'un souffle peut _dtruire_, et qu'un souffle a _produit_." + +The turn given to the thought in the French has suggested to D'Israeli +an emendation of the passage in Goldsmith. He proposes that the word +"unmakes" should be substituted for "can make." The line would then +read-- + + "A breath _unmakes_ them, as a breath has made." + +This emendation seems to me to be alike ingenious and well-founded. The +line itself is but the corollary of the one that precedes it; and in +order to make the sense complete, it should contain antithetical +expressions to correspond with "flourish" and "fade." Now, between "can +make" and "made" there is nothing antithetical; but between "made" and +"unmakes" there is. + +In support of this view, I may quote one or two parallel passages, in +which the antithesis is preserved. The first is a quatrain commemorating +the devastating effects of an earthquake in the valley of Lucerne in +1808: + + "O ciel! ainsi ta Providence + A tous les maux nous condamna: + Un souffle _teint_ notre existence + Comme un souffle nous la _donna_." + +The second is a line which occurs in _Curiosities of Literature_, and +which I am compelled to quote from memory, having no access to that +work. It is as follows: + + "A breath _revived_ him, but a breath _o'erthrew_." + +That Goldsmith wrote the line in question with the word "unmakes," there +seems little reason to doubt. To say of princes and lords that "a breath +can make them, as a breath has made," far from conveying any idea of +their "fading," would be, on the contrary, to indicate the facile +process by which they may be perpetuated. It would show how they may +"flourish," but not how they may "fade." + +Although this emendation in Goldsmith was pointed out many years ago, +and recommends itself by its appositeness, and its obvious adaptation to +the context, yet I believe it has never been introduced into any edition +of that poet. I have before me two copies of _The Deserted Village_, and +both contain the words "can make." As, however, among the many useful +hints thrown out by "NOTES AND QUERIES," that of suggesting the +emendation of obscure or difficult passages in our poets, appears to +have met with the approbation of your readers, I trust some future +editor of Goldsmith may be induced to notice this passage, and restore +the text to its original accuracy. + + HENRY H. BREEN. + + St. Lucia. + + +Minor Notes. + +_Biographical Dictionary._--May I beg for the assistance of "NOTES AND +QUERIES" to enforce a want which I am sure is daily felt by thousands of +educated Englishmen? The want I speak of is that of _a good Biographical +Dictionary_, coming down to the middle of the century; a dictionary as +good as the _Biog. Universelle_ for _foreign_ lives, and _a hundred +times better for English lives_. Every one knows how meagre and +unsatisfactory is that otherwise magnificent work in its English part. +Why should we not have an abridged translation, with the home portion +re-written? + + Z. Z. Z. + +_The Word Premises._--The use of the word _premises_ for houses, lands, +and hereditaments, is surely incorrect. I have never found the word +_prmissa_ used in any Latin writer in a sense that can sanction the +modern application of its derivative. Johnson's authority supports the +view that the word is perverted in being made to stand for houses and +lands, as he says it is "in low language" that the noun substantive +"premises" is used in that sense, as, "I was upon the _premises_," &c. +The office of "the premises" in a deed, say the Law Dictionaries, is to +express the names of the grantor and grantee, and to specify the thing +granted. "The _premises_ is the former part of a deed, being all that +which precedeth the _habendum_ or limitation of the estate." I believe +the term "parcels" is applied, technically, to the specification of the +property which forms the subject of a deed. In an instrument, it may not +be wholly incorrect to refer by the term "premises" to the particulars +premised, and, if an etymological inaccuracy, it may be excused for the +sake of avoiding repetitions; but surely we ought not to speak of +houses, lands, &c. by this term. I see I am not the first to call an +editor's attention to this point, for, in the _Gentleman's Magazine_ of +Jan., 1795, a correspondent complains of this improper application of +the word, and attributes the perversion to the lawyers, "who," he says, +"for the sake of brevity (to which, by-the-bye, they are not much +attached), have accustomed themselves to the phrase, 'the aforesaid +_premises_,' whence the word has come to be universally taken as a +collective noun, signifying manors, tenements, and so on." The absurdity +of such a use of the word is illustrated by putting it for animals, +household goods, and personal estate, for which it may as well stand as +for lands and houses. + + W. S. G. + + Newcastle-upon-Tyne. + +_Play of George Barnwell:_-- + + "Last Friday a messenger came from Hampton Court to the Play House by + the Queen's command, for the manuscript of George Barnwell, for Her + Majesty's perusal, which Mr. Wilks carried to Hampton Court early on + Saturday morning; and we hear it is to be performed shortly at the + Theatre in Hampton Court, for the entertainment of the Royal Family," + &c.--_Daily Post_, Monday, July 5. 1731. + + H. E. + +_Traditions from Remote Periods through few Links_ (Vol. iii., pp. 206. +237.):-- + + "My greatest boast in this line is, that I have conversed with Sir + Isaac Herd, the celebrated herald, and he had conversed with a person + who was present at the execution of Charles I."--Lord Campbell's + _Lives of the Chief Justices_, vol. ii. p. 304. note. + + E. H. A. + + + + +Queries. + + +DEODANDS AND THEIR APPLICATION. + +Blackstone states (1 _Comm._ p. 300.) that a deodand-- + + "Is forfeited to the king to be applied to pious uses, and distributed + in alms by his high almoner, though formerly destined to a more + superstitious purpose. It seems to have been originally designed, in + the blind days of Popery, as an expiation for the souls of such as + were snatched away by sudden death; and for that purpose ought + properly to have been given to holy church." + +The authorities for this latter statement are Fitzh., _Abr._, tit. +"Enditement," pt. 27., and Staunf., _P.C._, 20, 21., neither of which +books are in my possession, nor in this remote district can I gain +access to them. Hume, Lingard, Henry, and Rapin, omit all mention of +this change in the destination of the deodand, at least so far as I can +find. Fleta, who lived, according to Dr. Cowell (_Interpreter_, in verb. +"Fleta"), tem. Ed. II., Ed. III., or, according to Jacob (_Law Dic._, in +ver. "Fleta"), tem. Ed. I., says that-- + + "This deodand is to be sold to the poor, and the price distributed to + the poor for the soul of the king and all faithful people departed + this life."--_Interpreter_, in ver. "Deodand." + +It would therefore appear that in Fleta's time it was settled law that +deodands went to the Crown; nor does this writer seem to take any notice +of their having been, at any time, payable to the Church. Hawkins, East, +and I think Hale also, are equally silent upon the point. + +Can any of your readers kindly supply the information as to when +deodands first ceased to be given to the Church, and when they became +the property of the Crown? + + JONATHAN PEEL. + + +Minor Queries. + +349. _Hell Paved with the Skulls of Priests._--The proverb "Hell is +paved with good intentions" (Vol. ii. pp. 86. 140.), brings to my +recollection a remark I once heard from the lips of a French priest. He +was addressing an audience chiefly composed of students in divinity, and +while descanting on the peculiar dangers to which ecclesiastics are +exposed, and the obstacles they have to encounter at every step on the +road to salvation, he said there could be no doubt that by far the +greater number of them would incur eternal damnation. "It was this" +(added he, with an emphasis which sent thrill of horror through all +present), "It was this that made one of the early fathers assert, that +Hell is paved with the skulls of priests." I think the preacher +mentioned Tertullian as his authority for this singular sentiment, but +he only gave the words: "L'enfer est pav de ttes de prtres." Can any +of your readers point out the precise passage referred to? + + HENRY H. BREEN. + + St. Lucia. + +350. _Charib._--Can any of your correspondents inform me what is the +derivation and meaning of the word _Charib_? The Charibs were the +ancient inhabitants, as is well known, of the smaller West Indian +islands. + + W. J. C. + + St. Lucia. + +351. _Thumb Bible._--Can any of your readers tell me the history of the +Thumb Bible, reprinted by Longman, 1850? Who was "J. Taylor," who seems +to have been the author? He has strangely spoilt Bishop Ken's Morning +and Evening Hymns at the conclusion of his book. + + HERMES. + +352. _Tripos._--What is the origin of the term "tripos" as applied to +the mathematical and classical honour lists in the university of +Cambridge? + + A. F. S. + +353. _Louis Philippe and his Bag of Nails._--Has any of your +correspondents heard a story about a bag of rusty nails which Louis +Philippe used to carry about with him; with which he considered his fate +as in some way connected; and which he lost a few days before February +24, 1848? If so, is it known whether the story is well authenticated? + + R. D. H. + +354. _Brass Statues at Windsor._--"The Brass Statues at Windsor," sold +in 1646 by order of the House of Lords to pay the troops at +Windsor:--What were these statues? + + WAYLEN. + +355. _Edmund Bohun._--Is it possible that some Trans-atlantic notist may +be able to supply a scrap or two of intelligence respecting the brief +career of Edmund Bohun, as Chief Justice of South Carolina, 1698-1701? I +believe he died in the latter year, and was buried at Charlestown. + + S. W. RIX. + + Beccles. + +356. _Bishop Trelawney._--To what parliamentary decision does Atterbury +allude in the subjoined extract from the dedication to Trelawney, Bishop +of Winchester, prefixed to his Sermons in four volumes, 1723? + + "This and another parliamentary decision, which your lordship not long + after with equal difficulty obtained, and by which the bishop's sole + right to judge of the qualifications of persons applying for + institution was unutterably confirmed, are such instances of your + magnanimity and public spirit as will remain in memory while the + church or the law of England lasts." + + E. H. A. + + +Minor Queries Answered. + +_Companion Ladder._--Why are the stairs leading from the deck to the +chief cabin of a ship called "the companion ladder?" + + A CONSTANT READER. + + [The _companion_ in merchant ships is a wooden porch placed over the + entrance or staircase of the cabin. Hence the ladder by which officers + ascend to and descend from the quarter-deck, is called the _companion + ladder_.] + +_Macaulay's Ballad of the Battle of Naseby._--Where is Mr. Macaulay's +ballad of the "Battle of Naseby" to be found printed entire? It is not +republished in the last edition of his _Lays of Ancient Rome_. + + D. B. J. + + [It has never, we believe, been printed since its first publication in + _Knight's Magazine_, about the year 1824. From the omission pointed + out by our correspondent, it is obvious that the accomplished writer + of it does not himself regard this ballad as deserving of + republication.] + + + + +Replies. + + +THE CRUCIFIX AS USED BY THE EARLY CHRISTIANS. + +(Vol. iv., p. 422.). + +A correspondent questions the accuracy of MR. CURZON's statement, in his +_Monasteries of the Levant_, that-- + + "The crucifix was not known before the fifth or sixth century, though + the cross was always the emblem of the Christian faith,"-- + +and asks for information as to its use, and the dates of the earliest +examples. Some twenty years ago I devoted some care to this inquiry, and +the result will be found in a chapter on the decline of the arts in +Greece, in a _History of Modern Greece_, which I published in 1830. To +that essay, but more especially to the authorities which it cites, I +would refer your correspondent; and I think, after an examination of the +latter, he will be disposed to concur with me, that Mr. Curzon's +statement is correct. It is in accordance with that of Gibbon, and +sustained by the same authorities as Basnage, to the effect that the +first Christians, from their association with the Jews, and their +aversion to the mythology of the Greeks, were hostile to the use of +images of any description in their primitive temples, in which they +reluctantly admitted the figure of the ignominious cross, as a memorial +of the Redeemer's death. At a later period, however, the veneration for +the _relics_ of departed saints led to the admission of their painted +_portraits_, and eventually to the erection of their images and effigies +in wood and marble. (_Gibbon_, chap. xxiii. xlix.) Reiskius states that +it was not till the fourth century after Christ that the latter +innovation began: + + "Ecclesia vero Christiana tribus seculis prioribus ne quidem imagines + recepit aut inter sacra numeravit instrumenta. Sed demum sub finem + quarti seculi ea lege admisit ut in templis memori ac ornatus causa + haberentur."--Reiskius, _De Imaginibus Jesu Christi Exercitationes + Histor._, ex. i. c. i. sec. ii. p. 12. + +Lillio Giraldi concurs with Reiskius: + + "Illud certe non prtermittam nos dico Christianos ut aliquando + Romanos fuisse sine imaginibus in primitiva qu vocatur + ecclesia."--Lillius Gregorius Giraldus, _Histori Deorum Syntage_, v. + i. p. 15. + +The earliest images of Christ were those mentioned as being placed, by +Alexander Severus, along with those of Abraham, Jupiter, Pythagoras, +Plato, and Aristotle. (_Reiskius_, ex. vii. c. i. sec. i. p. 151.) +Constantine placed two equestrian statues of the Saviour in the Lateran +Church. But Molanus, who mentions the latter fact, insists that there +were existing about this period numerous statues of the Saviour, which +he would refer to the time of Pontius Pilate. (_De Historia SS. +Imaginibus, &c._, lib. i. c. vi. p. 65.) + +The most ancient examples now remaining of the decorations employed by +the early Christians, are doubtless those found in the catacombs at +Rome. I have not access to any recent copies of these interesting +antiquities; but so far as my recollection serves, they contain no +example of a crucifix, or any literal delineation of the death of the +Saviour. In fact, even in these gloomy retreats, the vigilance of +persecution compelled the Christians to caution, and forced them to +conceal, under allegories and mystery, the memorials of their faith; the +figure of the Redeemer being always veiled under an assumed character, +most generally that of a shepherd bearing in his arms a recovered lamb. +This, which is the most common form of allegory of this period, occurs +in the catacomb of the Via Latina, in that of Priscilla in the Via +Salaria, discovered in 1776, both of which, according to Aringhi, are +amongst the oldest Christian monuments now remaining. (_Roma +Subterranea_, vol. ii. p. 25. 292.) In a sepulchral chamber in the +cemetery of St. Calixtus, Jesus is represented as Orpheus with a lyre, +as emblematic of the subduing influences of his life. But his death is +still more cautiously shadowed forth by the types of Jonas, Isaac on the +altar of Abraham, and Daniel in the den of lions,--examples of all of +which are numerous; and the cover of an urn figured by Agincourt +presents them all three. (_Histoire de l'Art par les Monumens_, vol. +iv.; _Dec. Sculp._, pl. v. no. 10.) + +Art, after its decline in Rome, was later cherished by the Greeks at +Byzantum, and allegory in their hands, during the third and fourth +centuries, exhibited a much higher refinement than amongst the +degenerate Romans,--the divinity and _life_ of Jesus being represented +in their paintings by a youth of godlike mien and heavenly grace, with +his foot upon the mane of a lion, whilst his _death_ is still typified +by a lamb expiring at the foot of a cross, which it sprinkles with its +blood, and his _resurrection_ by a phoenix, which rests upon the summit +of a palm-tree, the emblem of his _victory_. + +I have stated that even the _cross_, as an emblem, was admitted +"reluctantly" into the churches of the early Christians. The fact, +and the causes of this reluctance, are stated fairly by Gibbon +(ch. xx.), principally on the authorities consulted by Basnage in +his _Histoire des Eglises Reformes_, to have had their origin in +the idea of infamy and ignominy which they attached to the mode of +execution by crucifixion,--feelings analogous to those inspired by +a gallows or a gibbet; and it required a long lapse of time, even +after Constantine had abolished throughout the Roman dominions the +punishment which had prevailed for slaves and malefactors, but which +the Saviour of mankind had submitted to suffer, before the people +could be led to regard as a symbol for veneration that which had so +long been an object of horror and disgust. A most interesting account +of the subsidence of this feeling, and of its effects upon Sacred Art +whilst it prevailed, will be found in Emeric David's _Discours sur la +Peinture Moderne_, p. 115. It rendered allegory so indispensable, that +in the exhaustion of fancy it declined into conceits and puerility, +which finally brought the subject into contempt, and compelled the +hierarchy to exert the influence of the Church for its correction. +This led to a measure the record of which is strongly corroborative +of the statement of Mr. Curzon; namely, that A.D. 692, at the Quine +Sextine, or _Council in Trullo_, it was ordered that thenceforth +fiction and allegory should cease, and _the real figure of the Saviour +be depicted on the tree_. (_Can._ 82. _Act. Concil._ Paris, 1714, +v. iii. col. 1691, 1692.) + +The Greeks complied, but with reluctance, to delineate the actual +crucifixion; and as, in the controversy which arose in the second +century, and never entirely subsided, regarding the beauty or deformity +of the Saviour's features, the Greek Church had espoused the side of St. +Basil, Tertullian, and Origen, who maintained that "he was without form +or comeliness," their artists exhibited such a spectacle of deformity on +the cross, that to the present hour a proverb compares a lean and ugly +person to "un crucifix des Grecs." The Latins and Italians, on the other +hand, whilst they were equally hostile to the literal exhibition of the +Redeemer's death, and _forbore for nearly a century_ to comply with the +orders of the Council _in Trullo_, adopted, as to his beauty, the party +of Celsus and Chrysostom,--quoted the expression of David, "thou art +fairer than the children of men,"--and painted the Saviour, albeit +suspended on the fatal tree, as a youth of heavenly mien; and instead of +the crown of thorns, the lance, and the sponge, they represented him +with a diadem, and insensible to suffering or pain. + +These remarks, though they will no doubt be insufficient as an answer to +your correspondent, may perhaps direct him to authorities, the +consultation of which will satisfy his inquiry. + + J. EMERSON TENNENT. + + London. + + +THE WORD "[Greek: Adelphos]." + +(Vol. iv., pp. 339, 458.) + +In commenting on the criticisms of J. B., may I be allowed to follow the +order of his own reasoning as much as possible? + +1st. I am glad to find that Scapula is right, but I must object to the +use of the participle _acquiescing_, as applied to me. My word is +"_de_duction," and is applied to a rule grounded upon Scapula's +correctness, and may, I think, settle the sense of those disputed verses +in Matt. xiii. 55, 56, to say nothing of two indisputable proofs which +might be adduced. + +2nd. _I_ am wrong--for what? for _appearing_, in the eyes of J. B., to +have done that which I have not done,--for bringing in links of "the +Indo-Germanic languages," which I have neither done, nor can do. + +3rd. "The word is solely and peculiarly Greek." Let me give only one +etymon by way of preparation for my answer. Let us take the word +_mouse_. Well, it comes from the Latin _mus_, which comes, you will say, +from the Greek [Greek: mys], and there are many clever etymologists, +excepting a few, with J. B. and myself, would say, "it is solely and +peculiarly Greek;" but _we_ go up to the Sanscrit (the _mother_ of +European languages), and bring forward _mush_, a mouse, and here is _the +terminus_--and why? because _mush_ signifies _to steal_, and therefore +sufficiently describes the nature of the little animal. Now, because we +cannot _find_ an existing link between the Greek and Sanscrit, is that a +reason for asserting [Greek: adelphos] to be of pure Greek _origin_? No; +and if J. B. will only recollect that all words in Sanscrit, excepting +bare primary roots, are compounded after the same manner as [Greek: +adelphos] or rather [Greek: del-ph], he will, I hope, find that I have +_not been wrong_ in my _etymon_. Moreover, let J. B. prove, _if he can_, +what is _the meaning_ of [Greek: delph] in the Greek, unaided by any +other language. + +4th. Why is the Sanscrit _bhratre_ brought into the contest? perhaps to +prove what has not been proved, viz. that _it also_ signifies _frater +uterinus_. + +5th. "How happened it that the word [Greek: phratr] was lost in Greek?" +Why, because the Greeks thought it too _barbarous_ a word to _own_, as +coming through the Latins from the barbarous Goths, Scandinavians, &c.! +Let us pass over irrelevant matter till we come to + +6th. J. B.'s authoritative rule, "that no apparent similarity between +words in the Semitic and Asian (read Sanscrit) families can be used to +establish a real identity, the two classes of language being _radically_ +and fundamentally distinct." Vide _mouse_, and a hundred more roots, +that might quash this rule. + +To conclude, I did not introduce the Sanscrit _dal_ into my former note, +because, I suppose, an idea passed through my mind that I might offend +some "_interesting_ points in Greek manners." + +I have only one more remark to make, which is, that the Sanscrit +_bhra-tre_ is a compound word like [Greek: del-phys]. I will give the +full etymology of this word _bhra-tre_, to prove that J. B. has done +wrong in bringing in a word to militate against his _own_ rule. Persian, +_bra-dar_; Sanscrit, _bhra-tre_; Gothic, _bro-thar_; Islandic, +_bro-dir_; German, _bru-der_; Swedish and Danish, _bro-der_; +Anglo-Saxon, _bro-ther_. Now, will J. B. prove that the Hebrew, Chaldee, +and Syriac [Hebrew: bar], _bar_, a son, is not connected with the +Persian and Sanscrit _bra_ and _bhra_? If he does, I shall doubtless be +edified. + + T. R. BROWN. + + Vicarage, Southwick, near Oundle. + + +THE ROMAN INDEX EXPURGATORIUS OF 1607. + +(Vol. iv., p. 440.) + +I am happy in being able to give, I trust, a satisfactory answer to the +Query of your American correspondent U. U., respecting the original +edition of 1607. + +There can be no doubt that the copy in the Bodleian Library is of the +genuine edition. It was in the Library certainly before the year 1620, +as it appears in the catalogue printed in that year, and still bears the +same reference on the shelf as is there given to it, namely, 8vo. I. 32. +Theol.; and it was doubtless the copy used by Dr. James, who +superintended the forming of that catalogue, and who died only a few +months before. The title runs thus: + + INDICIS + (red ink) LIBRORVM + (red) EXPVRGANDORVM + in studiosorum gratiam confecti. + Tomus Primus + _IN QVO QVINQVAGINTA AVCTORVM_ + _Libri pr ceteris desiderati emendantur._ + (red ink) + PER FR. IO. MARIAM BRASICHELLEN. + (red ink) + SACRI PALATII APOSTOLICI MAGISTRVM + in vnum corpus redactus, & public + commoditati ditus + (this first word red) (this date red) + ------------------------------------------------------------ + ROM, ex Typographia R. Cam. Apost. M.DC.VII. + ------------------------------------------------------------ + (the line above red) + SVPERIORVM PERMISSV. + +There is a full stop at confecti, also at emendantur, and at +Brasichellen; but no stop whatever at auctorum. It extends (besides +eight leaves of title and preliminary matter) to pp. 742. On the recto +of the next and last leaf, "Series chartarum," &c., and at the bottom: + + ROM, M.DC.VII. + ---------------------------------------- + _Ex Typographia Reu. Camer Apostolic._ + ---------------------------------------- + SVPERIORVM PERMISSV. + +There is also in the Bodleian Library a copy of the Bergomi edition, the +title of which is as follows: + + (red ink) INDICIS + LIBRORVM + (red) EXPVRGANDORVM + In studiosorum gratiam confecti + (red) TOMVS PRIMVS + In quo quinquaginta Auctorum Libri pr + cteris desiderati emendantur + (red) PER F. IO. MARIAM BRASICHELL. + Sacri Palatij Apost. Magistrum + _In vnum corpus redactus & pub. commoditati ditus._ + +At the bottom: + + (red) ROM Prim, Deinde + BERGOMI, _typis Comini Ventur_, 1608. + +This edition extends to 608 pages, in double columns, besides the +preliminary matter, consisting of four articles, of which the first in +this edition is the last in the genuine copy of 1607,--a circumstance +mentioned by Clement as peculiar to the Altdorff edition; but here the +signatures run to pages in eights, whereas the Altdorff edition "qu'ne +remplit qu'un alphabet, et seize feuilles." + +I have never seen a copy of the Ratisbon edition. + + B. B. + + +Replies to Minor Queries. + +_Hobbes's "Leviathan"_ (Vol. iv., p. 314.).--The meaning of the +frontispiece to the first edition of this work, is, I imagine, +sufficiently obvious. The large figure representing a commonwealth holds +in his right hand a sword, in his left a pastoral crook. He is the +emblem of a commonwealth "ecclesiastical and civil" (as the title of the +book shows us). Ranged down one side of the page, under the +sword-bearing arm, are the weapons and resources which the State +possesses. Down the other side of the page, under the protection of the +pastoral staff, is the corresponding armament of the Church. Thus, a +castle and a church, a crown and a mitre, a cannon and spiritual +thunderbolts, a trophy of guns and spears, &c., and one of dilemmas +(represented by a pair of bull's horns), syllogisms (made like a +three-pronged fork), and the like; these, ending with a battle on one +side, a convention of bishops on the other, show the power which (as +Hobbes would have it) each arm of the commonwealth should be able to +have at its command. The whole picture is at best an absurd conceit, and +very unworthy of the author of the _Leviathan_. + + H. A. B. + +The best edition of Hobbes's works was printed 1750. The print of +_Leviathan_ in it is neither like Charles nor Cromwell, of whom I have +old and good prints, and many. The print has at the bottom of it +"_Written_ by Thos. Hobbs, 1651." + + C. J. W. + +_Age of Trees_ (Vol. iv., p. 401.).--I am rather surprised that your +correspondent L., in his enumeration of remarkable trees, and +collections of trees, in Great Britain, makes no mention, whilst on the +subject of yew, of the splendid collection of old yew trees in Kingley +Bottom, near Chichester, in Sussex. Should L. never have visited this +charming spot, and its green antiquities, I can promise him a rich treat +whenever he does so. Common report of the neighbourhood, from time +immemorial, gives these venerable trees a date as far back as the +landing of the sea-kings on the coast of Sussex; and sundry poems by +local bards have been written on this theme. + +On one of the most prominent of the South Down Hills, rising immediately +above the yew-tree valley, and called Bow Hill, are two large, and some +smaller tumuli, which are always called by the natives the graves of the +sea-kings, who with their followers are supposed to have fallen in a +battle fought under these very yew trees. + +Can anybody tell me if the age of any of these trees has ever been +ascertained? Kingley Bottom, or, as people now-a-days prefer calling it, +Kingley Vale, is so much frequented as a spot for pic-nics and festive +days, that I have no doubt many of your readers have seen the trees to +which I refer, and can bear me out in asserting that they are worthy of +ranking, in age and beauty, with any of their species in the kingdom. + + SCANDINAVIAN. + +The "Hethel Thorn," so well known to many Norfolk people, is on a farm +now the property of that munificent patron of historical literature, Mr. +Hudson Gurney, by whom it was purchased from Sir Thomas Beevor. The +first Sir Thomas always said it was mentioned in a deed of 1200 and odd, +as a boundary, under the appellation of "the Old Thorn." It is stated, +also, that it is mentioned in some chronicle as _the thorn_ round which +a meeting of insurgent peasantry was held during the reign of King John +(can any readers of "NOTES AND QUERIES" give a reference to the precise +passage?). An etching of this interesting relic has been made by Mr. +Ninham. The involution of its branches, which are all hollow tubes, as +heavy as iron, is most curious; and although the tree is certainly +diminished of late years, it still puts out leaves and berries +vigorously. + + W. J. T. + +_Treatise against Equivocation_ (Vol. iv., p. 419.).--Your correspondent +EUPATOR has, in his examination of the MS. of this treatise, overlooked +a title prefixed by Garnet, which furnishes the heading by which the +book is correctly entered in the Catalogue of the Laudian MSS. as _A +Treatise against (not _of_ or _for_) Lying and Fraudulent +Dissimulation_. "Of" was first written, but at once crossed out, and +"against" written _after_ it, _not_ interlined. Of the two errors which +EUPATOR points out, the one was made at the press, by failure in reading +the contraction for "verbo," which is printed correctly at length at p. +43., and the other was a mistake on the part of the transcriber. + + W. D. M. + +_Lycian Inscriptions_ (Vol. iv., p. 383.).--As to the double language in +Homer of the gods and men, Heyne and others have thought (ad _Il._ A. +403.) that the one was the old language, the other the modern. See +Clarke ib., who thinks one was the learned name, the other the vulgar: +but gives a scholion of the former opinion. The passages are as follow: + + _Il._ Gods. Men. + [Greek: Alpha] 403. Briareus gon. + [Greek: Beta] 813. Tomb of Myrine Batiea. + [Greek: Xi] 291. Chalcis Cymindis. + [Greek: Upsilon] 74. Xanthus Scamander. + +All these words, except one, are plain Greek,--and that one is a word of +men. It is impossible, therefore, that the gods' language could have +been the antiquated Greek language. + +In the _Odyssey_ ([Greek: Kappa] 305.) Mercury says that a certain plant +is called _Moly_ by the gods, and that it is very difficult for men to +find. The answer to the question, What do men call it? therefore would +probably have been, that they have no name for it at all. It is an odd +word, not easy to derive, and ending in _u_; which Aristotle says is the +ending of only five words in Greek, and one of those, [Greek: asty], was +obsolete as an appellative in Aristotle's time. + +Ichor, though applied in Homer to the gods, he does not say was a word +of the gods; and as it is used in Hippocrates, it is more probably a +dialectic than an antiquated word. Its termination, however is rare; and +in another instance, [Greek: tekmr], was obsolete in Aristotle's time +(_Rhet. init._). + +As to the Lycian language, the alphabet is said, in the appendix to +Fellows, to resemble partly the Greek, partly the Zend, and one or two +letters the Etruscan. The language is said (ib. 430.) to resemble the +Zend more than any other known language; but to differ too much to be +considered as a dialect of Zend, and must rank as a separate language. + +I would observe, that one of the peculiarities mentioned, as compared +with all the Indo-Germanic languages--namely, the having no consonant at +the end of the masculine or feminine accusative--existed in the old +Latin, as in the Scipionic tombs, "optimo viro, omne Loucana." + +Sir Edmund Head, in the _Classical Museum_, No. II., considers the +people to be the Solymi of Homer. + + C. B. + +_Alterius Orbis Papa_ (Vol. ii., p. 497.).--In Twysden's _Historical +Vindication of the Church of England_, p. 22. (Cambridge edition, 1847), +I find-- + + "After the erection of Canterbury into an archbishopric, the bishops + of that see were held _quasi alterius orbis pap_, as Urban II. styled + them." + +In a note, William of Malmesbury (_De Gestis Pontif._, lib. i. in +Anselm., p. 223. l. 33.) is referred to as authority for the above +statement. Urban II. was pope from 1087 to 1099. + + C. W. G. + +_Carmagnoles_ (Vol. iv., p. 208.).--Your querist W. B. H. will perhaps +accept the following partial solution of his question, which has been +communicated to me by one of your own distinguished correspondents in +France. It is contained in a little volume published by Duellersan under +the following title, _Chansons Nationales et Populaires de France_, +Paris, 1846, 32mo: + + "Cette horrible chanson, la Carmagnole, est un monument curieux de la + folie dmagogique, et nous la donnons pour faire voir avec quelle + posie brutale on excitait le peuple. Elle eut une vogue en Aot 1792, + poque laquelle Louis XVI. fut mis au Temple. Elle devint le signal + et l'accompagnement des joies froces et des excutions sanglantes. On + dansait la _Carmagnole_ dans les bals; on la dansait au thtre et + autour de la guillotine. Barrre appelait les discours qu'il + prononait la Convention, _des Carmagnoles_. L'air, qui est + vritablement entrainant, tait jou en pas redoubl dans la musique + militaire; mais Bonaparte la dfendit, ainsi que le _a-ira_, lors + qu'il fut Consul. + + "Cette chanson parut au moment o les troupes Franaises venaient + d'entrer triomphantes dans la Savoie et le Piemont. On ignore si la + musique et la danse de _la Carmagnole_ sont originaires de ce pays." + +In the month of January, 1849, the General-in-Chief of the army of +Paris, Changarnier, having taken vigorous measures to prevent new +tumults, the first verse of the original, which commences-- + + "Madame Veto avait promis + De faire gorger tout Paris," + +was thus parodied: + + "Changarnier avait promis + De faire brler tout Paris," &c. + + PERIERGUS BIBLIOPHILUS. + +_General James Wolfe_ (Vol. iv., p. 271.).--The late Admiral Frank +Sotheron, of Kirklington Hall, near Southwell, Notts, was, I have heard, +related to Wolfe, and possessed a portrait and several letters of his. +Admiral Sotheron died some ten years ago, but his daughter (and only +child) married the present member for Wilts, who afterwards took the +name of Sotheron. + + J. M. W. + +I have a portrait of Wolfe in my possession, and, I believe, the +original from which the print, stated to be a scarce and contemporary +one, was taken, which furnishes the frontispiece to the second volume of +the _History of the Canadas_, by the author of _Hochelaga_. It fell, +singularly enough, into my hands a short time previous to the appearance +of the work in question, and I have been enabled since to trace its +possession by parties, and amongst them members of my own family, for a +very lengthened period. The artist I have not been able to discover; but +perhaps some possessor of the print, should the name appear, will afford +this information. + + C. A. P. + + (Great Yarmouth.) + +As your pages have lately contained several communications on the +subject of General Wolfe, I send you the following story, which I heard +from a lady now deceased. Some time after Wolfe's death his family +wished to give some memorial of him to the lady who had been engaged to +him, and they consulted her as to the form which it should take. Her +answer was, "A diamond necklace;" and her reason, because she was going +to be married to another person, and such an ornament would be useful. +My informant, whose birth, according to the _Peerage_, was in 1766, had, +in her earlier days, often met this lady, and described her as showing +remains of beauty, but as no wiser than this anecdote would lead us to +suppose her. + + J. C. R. + +_Johannes Trithemius_ (Vol. iv., p. 442.).--This noted historian and +divine was born at Trittenheim, in the electorate of Treves, in 1462. He +became abbot of Spanheim about 1482, where he made a rich collection of +manuscript and printed books. In 1506 he was appointed abbot of St. +James at Wurtzbourg. His writings are numerous, and there is an ample +collection of them in the British Museum. In his _Nepiachus_ he gives an +account of his life and studies. He died at Wurtzbourg in 1516. The +learned and judicious Daunou thus characterises the volume _De +scriptoribus ecclesiasticis_: "Malgr beaucoup d'omissions et d'erreurs, +ce livre a t fort utile ceux qui ont depuis mieux trait la mme +matire; on le consulte encore aujourd'hui." + +Leland, Bale, Pits, and Wharton, have recorded their obligations to +Trithemius. The venerable Leland quotes him frequently, under the name +of Trittemius, and styles him "homo diligenti plane maxim nec minoris +lectionis." + + BOLTON CORNEY. + + "John Trytheme was a German Benedictine, and Abbot of Hirsauge, A.D. + 1484. He was the author of _A Catalogue of Ecclesiastical Writers_, + several _Letters_, Treatises of _Piety_, of _Doctrine_, and + _Morality_, other historical works, and _The Chronicle of + Hirsauge_."--(See Dufresnoy's _Chronological Tables_.) + +It would appear that the work _Trithemii Collectanea de Scriptoribus +Ecclesiasticis_ has gone through several editions; and Walch tells us +that "inter omnes ea eminet, quam Jo. Alberto Fabricio debemus." The +following remarks also respecting Trithemius appear in Walch's +_Bibliotheca_ (tom. iii. p. 389.): + + "Incipit Trithemius a Clemente Romano; recenset scriptores 970; ac + testatur, se in opere hoc conficiendo per septem fere annorum spatium + elaborasse. Possevinus, Labbeus, atque alii, varios ejus errores + chronologicos ac historicos notarunt. Quodsi autem rationem temporis + reputamus, quo Trithemius vixit scripsitque, causa omnino est, cur eum + ob errata non reprehendamus, sed excusemus atque industriam illius + laudemus." + +Cave, also, in his _Historia Literaria_ (part ii. p. 569.), gives us a +brief account of Trithemius, and of his literary productions. + + E. C. HARRINGTON. + + The Close, Exeter. + +The work of John Trittenheim, _De Scriptoribus Ecclesiasticis_, is held +in high and deserved repute. (See Fabricius, _Biblioth. Latin. Med. +tat._, iv. 451.) He died abbot of Wrtzburg, in 1518. The copy of A. W. +H. is the first edition, which was published at Mainz (Moguntia) in +1494. + + C. H. + +_Sir William Herschel_ (Vol. ii., p. 391.).--Your correspondent gives +the quotation about the star observed in Virgo, which he supposes +identical with Neptune, quite correctly, except in one very material +point--the observer's name. The passage in question will be found in +Captain W. H. Smyth's _Cycle of Celestial Objects_, vol. ii. p. 264., +and is extracted from a letter addressed to him by M. Cacciatore of +Palermo, in 1835, many years after the death of Sir William. H. C. K. is +not the first person who has suggested the identity of the objects; but, +as pointed out by Captain Smyth in a paper on Neptune, in the _United +Service Journal_ for 1847, Part II., Neptune must, in 1835, have been +fully 120 from the position assigned by Cacciatore to the star observed +by him. + + J. S. WARDEN. + + Balica, Oct. 1851. + +_Dr. Wm. Wall_ (Vol. iv., p. 347.).--Your decision to exclude any +further contributions upon the question of the "Marriage of +Ecclesiastics" is most judicious. But ought the portion of Mr. HENRY +WALTER'S reply respecting Dr. Wall to pass unnoticed? Had the writer +referred to any of the biographical dictionaries in ordinary use, he +would have discovered that the "well-known Mr. Wall who wrote on +baptism" had conferred on him by the University of Oxford the degree of +D.D., to testify their high opinion of his writings. + +In addition to the Doctor's works on the baptismal controversy, two +books, which are not often met with now, were published after his death, +bearing the following titles:-- + + "Brief Critical Notes, especially on the various readings of the New + Testament Books. With a Preface concerning the Texts cited therein + from the Old Testament, as also concerning the Use of the Septuagint + Translation. By W. Wall, S.T.P., author of the History of Infant + Baptism, London, 1730." 8vo., pp. lxiv. 415. + + "Critical Notes on the Old Testament, wherein the present Hebrew Text + is explained, and in many places amended, from the ancient Versions, + more particularly from that of the LXXII. Drawn up in the order the + several Books were written, or may most conveniently be read. To which + is prefixed a large Introduction, adjusting the Authority of the + Masoretic Bible, and vindicating it from the objections of Mr. + Whiston, and the Author of the Grounds and Reasons of the Christian + Religion. By the late learned William Wall, D.D., Author of the + History of Infant Baptism. Now first published from his Original + Manuscript. London, 1734." 2 vols. 8vo. pp. lxi. 307. 354. v. + +These are valuable works, explaining many difficult expressions. + + JOHN I. DREDGE. + +_Parish Registers_ (Vol. iv., p. 232.).--J. B. is referred for the acts +of parliament relating to "Parish Registers," to Burn's _History of +Parish Registers_, 1829. This work has been out of print fifteen or +sixteen years, but may be seen in many public libraries. + + J. S. B. + +_Compositions during the Protectorate_ (Vol. iv., p. 406.).--W. H. L. +will probably find what he wants in a small volume, easily met with, +entitled _A Catalogue of the Lords, Knights, and Gentlemen that have +compounded for their Estates_, London, 1655, 12mo.; or another edition, +enlarged, Chester, 1733, 8vo. (See _Lowndes_, vol. i. p. 363.) + + H. F. + +_General Moyle_ (Vol. iv., p. 443.).--Major General John Moyle, who died +in 1738, and was buried at Rushbrooke, near Bury St. Edmund's, was the +son of the Rev. John Moyle, of Wimborne Minster, co. Dorset, by Mary his +wife, daughter and coheir of Sir Giles Eyre, Kt., one of the Judges of +the Common Pleas. General Moyle, by his wife, who was Isabella daughter +of Sir Robert Davers, of Rushbrooke, Bart., had a family of five sons +and one daughter; the latter married Samuel Horsey, Bath king-at-arms. + + G. A. C. + +_Descendants of John of Gaunt_ (Vol. iv., p. 343.).--A. B. may be right +as to there being "some little confusion in Burke's excellent work." +There certainly is no "_little_ confusion" in A. B.'s communication. + +Margaret Beaufort, successively Countess of Richmond and Derby, the +mother of King Henry VII., was the only child of John Beaufort, the +first Duke of Somerset. + +What can A. B. mean by "Henry, Edmund, and John, successively dukes of +Somerset," to whom he conjectures Margaret Beaufort might have been +sister? There were not three brothers Beaufort successively _dukes_ of +Somerset; nor were there ever three successive dukes of Somerset named +Henry, Edmund and John; though there certainly was a succession of John, +Edmund, and Henry, they being respectively father, uncle, and cousin of +Margaret. + +John Beaufort, Earl of Somerset, who had been created Marquis of +Somerset and Dorset, was, on his death (1410), succeeded in the earldom +of Somerset by his eldest son, Henry Beaufort, who dying without issue +(1418), the second son, John Beaufort, succeeded to this earldom. He was +created _Duke_ of Somerset (1443), and on his death without male issue +(1444), the dukedom became extinct; but the earldom of Somerset +descended to his brother, Edmund Beaufort, Marquis of Dorset (the third +son of John Beaufort, Earl of Somerset), who was afterwards (1448) +created Duke of Somerset. He was slain at the battle of St. Alban's +(1455), and was succeeded by his eldest son, Henry Beaufort, who was +beheaded in 1463. He is said to have been succeeded by his next brother, +Edmund Beaufort; but it is doubtful if the fact were so, and the better +opinion seems to be that the dukedom became extinct by the attainder of +Duke Henry in 1463. + +"The second and last Duke John," alluded to by A. B., is altogether a +myth: the last Beaufort Duke of Somerset was either Henry or Edmund; and +there was but one Duke John, and he was not the "second and last," but +the _first_ duke. + + C. H. COOPER. + + Cambridge. + +_Church of St. Bene't Fink_ (Vol. iv., p. 407.).--I think some account +of the inscriptions, or of their having been transcribed, will be found +in the _Gentleman's Magazine_, as well as of those removed by the +destruction of the church of _St. Michael's, Crooked Lane_, in order to +make the approaches for new London Bridge; there, also, I think I have +seen some account of the inscriptions in the church pulled down for the +erection of the _Bank of England_. The preservation of the monumental +records of the dead has been so frequently suggested in "NOTES AND +QUERIES," that I will not occupy space by urging further arguments in +favour of the scheme proposed for the transcription and preservation of +inscriptions on monuments and grave-stones. The numerous churches which, +in these days, are undergoing alterations and repairs, call for your +continued exertion to effect the object you have already submitted for +the purpose in former numbers. The ancient church of St. Mary, Lambeth, +has just been rebuilt, and many of the monumental tablets will of +necessity be removed from their former sites, and grave-stones may +disappear. The venerable _Ashmole_ lies at the entrance of the old +vestry, under a flat stone; and outside, a short distance from the +window, lies _Tradescant_, under a large altar-tomb in a state of decay! + + G. + +When the church of St. Bene't Fink was pulled down, to make room for the +new Royal Exchange in 1844, the monumental tablets, &c. were removed to +the church of St. Peter's-le-Poor in Old Broad Street, to which Parish +the former is now annexed. + + J. R. W. + + Bristol. + +_Coins of Vabalathus_ (Vol. iv., pp. 255, 427.).--An article on the +coins of the Zenobia family appeared in the _Revue Numismatique_, 1846, +vol. xi. p. 268. The writer of that article says-- + + "Il est impossible de rendre compte du mot [Greek: SRIAS] ou + [Greek: SRIAS], qui prcde, sur quelques pices, le nom de + _Vabalathus_. La mme observation s'applique aux mdailles Latines + du mme prince, dont le nom est suivi d'un certain nombre de + lettres, VCRIMDR ou VCRIIVID auxquelles on s'est efforc + inutilement de trouver un sens." + + W. W. + +_Engraved Portrait_ (Vol. iv., p. 443).--This is the portrait of Daniel +De Foe, and was engraved by W. Sherwin. The verses underneath are-- + + "Here you may see an honest face, + Arm'd against Envy and Disgrace, + Who lives respected still in spite + Of those that punish them that write." + +It is mentioned in _The Catalogue of English Heads_, by Jos. Ames, p. +57. + + JOHN I. DREDGE. + +"_Cleanliness is next to godliness_" (Vol. iv., p. 256.).--The author of +the Epistle to the Hebrews says (ch. x. v. 22.): + + "Let us draw near with a true heart, in full assurance of faith, + having our hearts sprinkled from an evil conscience, and our bodies + washed with pure water." + +It has long been my opinion that the proverb in question arose from the +above text, in which _a pure conscience_, a necessary condition of +_godliness_, is immediately followed by an injunction to _cleanliness_. + + H. T. + +_Cozens the Painter_ (Vol. iv., p. 368.).--I would refer your +correspondent, for the few particulars known of him, to Edwards's +_Anecdotes of Painting_, 1808 (in continuation of Horace Walpole's +_Anecdotes_), p. 120. + +Cozens's chief patrons were Wm. Beckford, Esq., of Fonthill; G. Baker, +of St. Paul's Churchyard; John Hawkins, Esq., of Bognor; and the Earl of +Harewood (of his time). If your correspondent wishes to see some few +fine specimens of his works, Mr. George Smith, of Hamilton Terrace, and +Charles Sackwille Bale, Esq., of Cambridge Terrace, possess some very +fine ones. Mr. J. Heywood Hawkins has at Bognor his father's collection. + +Cozens's fine drawings are very uncommon, and he is now little known, +though one of the fathers of the Water-Colour School, and of the highest +ability. I am not aware of any published portrait of him: your +correspondent's portrait of him by Pine is therefore interesting. Pine +was Cozens's mother's brother. + + FRANCIS GRAVES. + +In addition to the opinion ascribed to Mr. Turner, it may be mentioned +that the late John Constable, R.A., spoke of Cozens as "_the_ greatest +of landscape-painters." I cannot at present give a reference to Leslie's +_Life of Constable_, but am sure that this saying occurs there more than +once. + + J. C. R. + +_Whig and Tory_ (Vol. iv., pp. 57. 281.).--In addition to what has +appeared in "NOTES AND QUERIES" respecting the etymology of these terms, +I send you a note of what Lingard says on the matter: + + "The celebrated party name _Tory_ is derived from _toringhim_, to + pursue for the sake of plunder. The name was given to certain parties + in Ireland, who, refusing to submit to Cromwell, retired into bogs and + fastnesses, formed bodies of armed men, supporting themselves and + their followers by the depredations which they committed on the + occupiers of their estates. They were called _Raperees_ and _Tories_." + + "It was during the reign of Charles II. that the appellations of + _Whig_ and _Tory_ became permanently affixed to the two great + political parties.... The first had long been given to the Covenanters + on the west of Scotland, and was supposed to convey a charge of + seditious and anti-monarchical principles...." + + PHILIP S. KING. + +_Prince Rupert's Drops_ (Vol. iv., pp. 234. 274.).--In your reply to the +Query respecting these drops, you state that it is not certain in what +country they were invented; I may therefore mention that the French call +them _larmes Bataviques_, from the circumstance of their being made in +Holland; from whence some were sent to Paris in 1656, to the Swedish +minister there, M. Chanut. + + PHILIP S. KING. + +_Deep Well near Bansted Downs_ (Vol. iv., p. 315.).--I am well +acquainted with the country immediately south of the Bansted Downs, and +can give W. S. G. some information about the wells there. + +I know no country where there is so great a scarcity of water. The +nearest stream is a small branch of the Mole, which has its rise some +three miles off, just beyond Merstham (pronounced "Meestrum"). The ponds +are very few and shallow, so that the inhabitants have to rely on wells +for their water. Wells, however, are an expensive luxury, and appertain +only to the better-most dwellings. I know several labourers' cottages +distant upwards of a mile from the nearest well or pond; they use what +water they catch, and when that is gone, shift as they best can,--most +commonly do without. This scarcity of water may be the reason why a +district within fifteen miles of London is so thinly populated. + +The country is very hilly, and even the valleys are some height above +the level of London. Woodmansterne is said to be the highest point in +Surrey next to Leith Hill. + +Most of the farm-houses and superior cottages have wells, and many of +these are of considerable depth. There is one just at the foot of +Bansted Downs (and consequently in the valley), which is 120 feet deep. +After a dry summer this well is very low, and after a second quite +empty. This is about the general depth of the valley wells. There is one +in the railway valley, below Chipsted Church, some 100 feet deep; I have +never known it dry. Within a stone's throw of this last, the London and +Brighton railway runs in a very deep cutting,--I have been told the +deepest railway cutting in England,--and great fears were entertained +that this deep cutting would drain this and several neighbouring wells. +The only way, however, in which the railway affected the wells, was to +cut right through one, parts of which may still be seen in the +embankment. + +It is not always the case that a deep well will drain its shallow +neighbours. At the Feathers Inn, at Merstham, is a well cut in the solid +chalk, 160 feet deep; this was quite out the other day, while two or +three wells not fifty yards off, each thirty feet deep, had plenty of +water. + +Of course the wells on the hills are much deeper than those in the +valleys. At a farm called Wood Place, some three miles from Bansted, is +a well 365 feet deep; it is never actually out of water; four pair of +hands are needed to raise the bucket. + +At a farm called Portnals, about a mile from Bansted, is the deepest +well I know in these parts; a horse is required to draw the water. It is +some 460 feet, and, I have been told, generally somewhat low. All these +wells are, I believe, in the chalk. + +In this part of Surrey are some wells said to be 500, 600, or even 700 +feet deep. + +W. S. G. may find some resemblance between the above and the one he +wants, else there is no truth in a well. + +I fear I am taking more of your space than my subject merits. I will +therefore briefly conclude with a Query. + +Where are the deepest wells in England? + + P. M. M. + +_Mrs. Mary Anne Clarke_ (Vol. iv., p. 396.).--Is Mrs. Mary Anne Clarke +really dead? + +She was alive two years since, and was then living with her son, Colonel +Clarke, somewhere on the Continent. Colonel Clarke is an officer of the +line, and is universally respected. + +I obtained the above information from a friend and brother officer of +the Colonel. + + FM. + +_Upton Court_ (Vol. iv., p. 315.).--My friend Miss Mitford gives a most +interesting account of Upton Court in the _Ladies' Companion_ for August +1850, which, as I know the place well, I believe to be perfectly +correct. A short extract may not be unwelcome: + + "Fifty years ago a Catholic priest was the sole inhabitant of this + interesting mansion. His friend, the late Mrs. Lenoir, Christopher + Smart's daughter, whose books, when taken up, one does not care to put + down again, wrote some verses to the great oak. Her nieces, whom I am + proud to call my friends, possess many reliques of that lovely + Arabella Fermor of whom Pope, in the charming dedication to the most + charming of his poems, said that 'the character of Belinda, as it was + now managed, resembled her in nothing but beauty.' + + "Amongst these reliques are her rosary, and a portrait, taken when she + was twelve or thirteen years of age. The face is most interesting: a + high, broad forehead; dark eyes, richly fringed and deeply set; a + straight nose, pouting lips, and a short chin finely rounded. The + dress is dark and graceful, with a little white turned back about the + neck and the loose sleeves. Altogether I never saw a more charming + girlish portrait, with so much of present beauty and so true a promise + of more,--of that order, too, high and intellectual, which great poets + love. Her last surviving son died childless in 1769, and the estate + passed into another family. + + "Yet another interest belongs to Upton; not indeed to the Court, but + to the Rectory. Poor Blanco White wrote under that roof his first + work, the well-known _Doblado's Letters_; and the late excellent + rector, Mr. Bishop, in common with the no less excellent Lord Holland + and Archbishop Whately, remained, through all that tried and alienated + other hearts, his fast friend to his last hour." + +The portrait of Arabella Fermor is in Reading, purchased at a sale at +Upton Court many years ago, when the property changed hands. + + JULIA R. BOCKETT. + + Southcote Lodge. + + + + +Miscellaneous. + + +NOTES ON BOOKS, SALES, CATALOGUES, ETC. + +Of the value of broadsides, flying sheets, political squibs, popular +ballads, &c. few can doubt; while the advantage of having these snatches +of popular literature, when collected, deposited in some public and +easily accessible library, will be readily admitted by all who may have +had occasion to trespass on the time and attention (readily as they may +be afforded to parties entitled to claim them), of the Master and +Fellows of Magdalene, when requiring to consult the matchless collection +of ballads, penny merriments, and chap books, deposited in their library +by Samuel Pepys. These remarks have been suggested to us by a very +handsome quarto volume entitled _Catalogue of Proclamations, Broadsides, +Ballads, and Poems presented to the Chetham Library_, by J. O. +Halliwell, Esq. As this catalogue is limited to one hundred copies, and +has been printed for private circulation only, we must confine ourselves +to announcing that it contains an enumeration of upwards of three +thousand documents of the classes specified, many of them of very +considerable interest, which the zeal of Mr. Halliwell has enabled him +to gather together, and which his liberality has led him to deposit in +the Chetham Library. We have marked several articles to which we propose +to call the attention of our readers at some future moment; and we have +no doubt that the Halliwell Collection in the Chetham Library, is one +which will hereafter be frequently referred to, and consulted by, +literary men. + +If the Popular Mythology of these islands is ever to be fitly recorded, +its most important illustration will be found in the writings of Grimm +and his fellow-labourers. How zealously they are pursuing their search +after the scattered fragments of the great mythological system which +once prevailed in Germany is shown by a new contribution to its history, +which has just been published by J. W. Wolf, under the title of +_Beitrge zur Deutschen Mythologie_: I. _Gtter und Gttinnen_. In this +volume the reader will find not only much that is new and interesting in +connection with the history of the great mythic heroes and heroines, but +very valuable supplements on the subject of Superstitions and Popular +Charms. + +Mr. D'Alton, the author of _The History of Drogheda_, is about to +dispose of his Historical, Topographical, and Genealogical MS. +Collections. They occupy upwards of 200 volumes, and comprise, on the +plan of Watt's _Bibliotheca_, copious references to, and extracts from +Records, Registries, Pleadings, Wills, Funeral Monuments, and Manuscript +Pedigrees. They are to be sold wholly, or in lots, as classified at the +commencement of Mr. D'Alton's _Annals of Boyle_. + +Messrs. Ellis and Son, watchmakers, of Exeter, have published a very +interesting _Map showing the Time kept by Public Clocks in various Towns +in Great Britain_. Among many other curious notes which may be made on +this subject, we may mention that it is Sunday in Inverness and Glasgow +nearly seventeen minutes earlier than at Plymouth; and it will be 1852 +in Liverpool eleven minutes before it will be so in Bristol. + +Messrs. Cook and Hockin, of 289. Strand, have prepared a cheap, but very +complete Chemical Chest, to accompany _Stockhardt's Principles of +Chemistry illustrated by Simple Experiments_, recently published by Bohn +in his _Scientific Library_. + + +BOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES + +WANTED TO PURCHASE. + +TIMES NEWSPAPER, 1835 to 1840, or any of those years, in Vols. or +Numbers. + +FSSLEIN, JOH. CONRAD, BEYTRAGE ZUR ERLUTERUNG DER +KIRCHEN-REFORMATIONS-GESCHICHTE DES SCHWEITZERLANDES. 5 Vols. Zurich, +1741. + +THE COMPLAYNT OF SCOTLAND. 7_s._ 6_d._ will be given for a good complete +copy. + +SOUTHEY'S EDITION OF COWPER. Vols. X. XII. XIII. XIV. + +JOURNAL OF THE GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF DUBLIN. Vol. I. Part I. (Several +copies are wanted, and it is believed that many are lying in London or +Dublin.) + +MITFORD'S HISTORY OF GREECE. Vol. VI. Cadell, 1822. 8vo. + +WILLIS'S ARCHITECTURE OF THE MIDDLE AGES. 15_s._ will be given for a +copy. + +FLUDD (ROBERT, M.D.) _alias_ DE FLUCTIBUS, called the Searcher. Any of +his works. + +BEHMEN'S (JACOB) GENESIS. + +LAW'S APPEAL, &c. + +LAW'S APPEAL CASE OF REASON. + + [Star symbol] Letters, stating particulars and lowest price, _carriage + free_, to be sent to MR. 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By this arrangement we +shall render unnecessary the double or Sixpenny Numbers now issued +nearly every month; thus avoiding a good deal of occasional confusion, +and rendering the price of the enlarged_ "NOTES AND QUERIES" _for the +whole year very little more than it is at present._ + +_We have to apologize to many of our correspondents, more especially our +Querists, for the non-insertion of their communications. But we have +been anxious at the close of our Volume to insert as many Replies as +possible. 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SALE, Musical + Instructor and Organist to Her Majesty. 4to., neat, in morocco + cloth, price 25_s._ To be had of Mr. J. B. SALE, 21, Holywell + Street, Millbank, Westminster, on the receipt of a Post Office + Order for that amount: and by order, of the principal Booksellers + and Music Warehouses. + + "A great advance on the works we have hitherto had, connected with + our Church and Cathedral Service."--_Times._ + + "A collection of Psalm Tunes certainly unequalled in this + country."--_Literary Gazette._ + + "One of the best collections of tunes which we have yet seen. Well + merits the distinguished patronage under which it + appears."--_Musical World._ + + "A collection of Psalms and Hymns, together with a system of + Chanting of a very superior character to any which has hitherto + appeared."--_John Bull._ + + London: GEORGE BELL, 186. Fleet Street. + + Also, lately published, + + J. B. SALE'S SANCTUS, COMMANDMENTS and CHANTS as performed at the + Chapel Royal St. James, price 2_s._ + + C. LONSDALE, 26. Old Bond Street. + + +CAB FARE MAP.--H. WALKER'S CAB FARE and GUIDE MAP of LONDON contains all +the principal streets marked in half-miles,--each space adding 4_d._ to +the fare, the proper charge is instantly known; also an abstract of the +Cab Laws, luggage, situation of the cab stands, back fares, lost +articles, &c. Price 1_s._ coloured; post free 2_d._ extra.--1. Gresham +Street West, and all Booksellers. + + +On the 1st of January, Part I. price 4_s._ of + + A DICTIONARY OF + GREEK AND ROMAN GEOGRAPHY. + BY VARIOUS WRITERS. + + Illustrated with Coins, Plans of Cities, Districts and Battles, + &c. + + EDITED BY WILLIAM SMITH, LL.D., Editor of the Dictionaries of + "Greek and Roman Antiquities," and of "Biography and Mythology." + + Although for the sake of uniformity, it is called a Dictionary of + _Greek_ and _Roman_ Geography, it will be in reality a Dictionary + of _Ancient_ Geography, including even Scriptural Names. At + present there does not exist, either in the English or in the + German languages, any work on Ancient Geography sufficiently + comprehensive and accurate to satisfy the demands of modern + scholarship. And yet there are few subjects connected with + antiquity for which we have such ample materials. The discoveries + of modern travellers, as well as the researches of modern + scholars, have, within the last few years, added greatly to our + knowledge of Ancient Geography; and it will be the aim of the + Editor to present, in the present work, the results of their + labours in this important branch of Classical Antiquity. + + The work will, of course, not be confined to a barren description + of the geography of countries and of the sites of places; but it + will also include an account of the political history, both of + countries and of cities. An attempt will likewise be made to + trace, as far as possible, the history of the more important + buildings of the cities, and to give an account of their present + condition, wherever they still exist. + + [Star symbol] To appear in Quarterly Parts, and to form One Volume, + Medium 8vo. + + London: TAYLOR, WALTON, and MABERLY, 28. Upper Gower Street, and + 27. Ivy Lane, Paternoster Row; and JOHN MURRAY, Albemarle Street. + + +BEATSON'S POLITICAL INDEX MODERNISED. + + Just published, in 8vo., price 25_s._ half-bound, + + HAYDN'S BOOK OF DIGNITIES: Containing Rolls of the Official + Personages of the British Empire, Civil, Ecclesiastical, Judicial, + Military, Naval, and Municipal, from the Earliest Periods to the + Present Time; compiled chiefly from the Records of the Public + Offices. Together with the Sovereigns of Europe, from the + Foundation of their respective States; the Peerage of England and + of Great Britain; and numerous other Lists. + + "It is impossible to speak too highly of this stupendous + repository of historical information."--_John Bull._ + + "We should find it difficult to speak too highly of a vast labour + of this kind, so useful in the benefits it extends to others, so + modest in the praise it challenges for itself."--_Examiner._ + + "It is difficult to exaggerate the usefulness of a compilation + like this. To all public and official men, and to others engaged + in various branches of historical research, it will be a book of + constant reference."--_Morning Post._ + + "The 'Book of Dignities' will become a necessary volume in all + public offices, and will be found in most libraries a valuable + book of reference, in affording information of a kind not + elsewhere collected together, while it may be relied on as recent + and authentic."--_Literary Gazette._ + + London: LONGMAN, BROWN, GREEN, and LONGMANS. + + +Valuable and Curious Library of the late Edward Drummond Hay, Esq. + + MESSRS. S. LEIGH SOTHEBY & JOHN WILKINSON, Auctioneers of Literary + Property and Works illustrative of the Fine Arts, will SELL by + AUCTION, at their House, 3. Wellington Street, Strand, on MONDAY, + December 22d., 1851, and following Day, at 1 o'Clock precisely, a + very Valuable Collection of Books, including the Second Portion of + the Library of the late Edward Drummond Hay, Esq., comprising + numerous Rare and Curious Articles in Theological and Historical + Literature, Works relating to the early History of America, + curious Voyages and Travels, Old Poetry, &c., and containing, + among others of importance, Capt. (John) Davis's Worldes + Hydrographical Description, 1595, containing his Three Voyages to + the Northern Ocean, the Presentation Copy to Prince Henry, with + Autograph Note of the Writer; De Bry's Voyages, Three Parts, + 1590-2, the Plates finished in Gold and Silver, for the purpose of + Presentation; a large Copy of T. Coryate's Crudities, 1611, with + his Crambe and Odcombian Banquet: Rare Pieces, by Nicolas Breton, + Tom Nash, John Heywood, Geo. Whetstone, &c. Also, Copies of King + Edward VI.'s (1549 and 1552) and Queen Elizabeth's Editions of the + Prayer-Book, 1559; with other Interesting Books in Black Letter. + Sets of the Historical Society and the Parker Society + Publications, &c. + + May be viewed two days prior, and Catalogues had of + + MESSRS. PARKER, Oxford; DEIGHTON, Cambridge; LANGBRIDGE, + Birmingham; HODGES and SMITH, Dublin; BLACKWOOD, Edinburgh; and at + the place of Sale. If in the country, on receipt of four postage + stamps. + + +H. NOEL HUMPHREYS' NEW WORK. + + Now ready, in super-royal 8vo., price 28_s._ handsomely bound in + cloth, gilt edges, with 12 beautiful Chromo-lithographic + illustrations, &c. + + TEN CENTURIES OF ART; its Progress in Europe from the Ninth to the + Nineteenth Century; with a Glance at the Artistic Productions of + Classical Antiquity, and Considerations on the probable influence + of the Great Exhibition, and on the present state and future + prospects of Art in Great Britain. By H. NOEL HUMPHREYS. + + By the same Author, + + ANCIENT COINS AND MEDALS, with numerous Examples of Rare and + exquisite Greek and Roman Coins executed in actual Relief, and in + their respective Medals. Second Edition. Price 25_s._ bound. + + GRANT & GRIFFITH, corner of St. Paul's Churchyard. + + +Just published, Fcap. 8vo. cloth, price 6_s._ + + SERMONS on the DOCTRINES and MEANS of GRACE, and on the Seven + Words from the Cross. By GEORGE TREVOR, M.A., Canon of York. + + London: GEORGE BELL, 186. Fleet Street. + + +THE QUARTERLY REVIEW. No. CLXXIX. ADVERTISEMENTS and BILLS for the +forthcoming Number must be forwarded to the Publisher by the 22nd +instant. + + JOHN MURRAY, Albemarle Street. + + +Nearly ready in 1 vol. post 8vo., illustrated with Maps. + + INDIA IN GREECE, or TRUTH in MYTHOLOGY, by E. POCOCKE, Esq. This + work, containing the earliest History of Greece drawn from + original sources, treats of the Colonization of that Country from + North Western India; of the Buddhistic Propaganda, the Tartarian + Mission, and the Wars of the Grand Lama in Hellas. Corresponding + Maps of India and Greece, exhibit the exact parent tribes and + districts of the latter country--in Cashmir, Thibet, Tartary, + Afghanistan, and North Western India. This geographical basis + leads the way to a thorough revision of Early Hellenic History, + whereby the Cyclopes, Autochthones, Erectheus, Cecrops, + Corybantes, Cabeiri, and a long list of mythologic agents are at + once placed in the category of History. This work, equally adapted + to the general reader and the scholar, corroborates in the most + interesting way the Scriptural Accounts of the Hebrew Settlements + of the Children of Israel in Palestine, and demonstrates their + wars with the Tartar and Rajpoot tribes of that country. + + JOHN J. GRIFFIN & CO., 53. Baker Street, London. + + RICHARD GRIFFIN & CO., Glasgow. + + +This day, Octavo, 10_s._ 6_d._ + + MANUAL OF GEOGRAPHICAL SCIENCE. Edited by the Rev. C. G. NICOLAY, + F.R.G.S. Part the First, containing + + MATHEMATICAL GEOGRAPHY, by M. O'BRIEN, M.A., F.R.S., Professor of + Natural Philosophy and Astronomy in King's College, London. + + PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY, by D. T. ANSTED, M.A., F.R.S., Professor of + Geology in King's College, London. + + CHARTOGRAPHY, by J. R. JACKSON, F.R.S., late Secretary of the + Royal Geographical Society. + + THEORY OF DESCRIPTION AND GEOGRAPHICAL TERMINOLOGY, by Rev. C. G. + NICOLAY, F.R.G.S., Librarian of King's College, London. + + Also (to accompany the "Manual of Geographical Science"), 5_s._ + + ATLAS OF PHYSICAL AND HISTORICAL GEOGRAPHY. Engraved by J. W. + LOWRY, under the direction of Professor ANSTED and Rev. C. G. + NICOLAY. + + London: JOHN W. PARKER & SON, West Strand. + + +THE BEST IS THE CHEAPEST. + + The Best Congou Tea 3_s._ 8_d._ per lb. + The Best Souchong Tea 4_s._ 4_d._ " + The Best Gunpowder Tea 5_s._ 8_d._ " + The Best Old Mocha Coffee 1_s._ 4_d._ " + The Best West India Coffee 1_s._ 4_d._ " + The Fine True Ripe Rich + Rare Souchong Tea 4_s._ 0_d._ " + + 40_s._ worth or upwards sent CARRIAGE FREE to any part of England by + + PHILLIPS & CO., TEA MERCHANTS, No. 8. King William Street, City, + London. + + + + +Printed by THOMAS CLARK SHAW, of No. 8. New Street Square, at No. 5. New +Street Square, in the Parish of St. Bride, in the City of London: and +published by GEORGE BELL, of No. 186. Fleet Street, in the Parish of St. +Dunstan in the West, in the City of London, Publisher, at No. 186. Fleet +Street aforesaid.--Saturday, December 20. 1851. + + + + + [List of volumes and pages in "Notes and Queries", Vol. I-IV] + + +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+ + | Notes and Queries Vol. I. | + +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+ + | Vol., No. | Date, Year | Pages | PG # xxxxx | + +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+ + | Vol. I No. 1 | November 3, 1849 | 1 - 17 | PG # 8603 | + | Vol. I No. 2 | November 10, 1849 | 18 - 32 | PG # 11265 | + | Vol. I No. 3 | November 17, 1849 | 33 - 46 | PG # 11577 | + | Vol. I No. 4 | November 24, 1849 | 49 - 63 | PG # 13513 | + +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+ + | Vol. I No. 5 | December 1, 1849 | 65 - 80 | PG # 11636 | + | Vol. I No. 6 | December 8, 1849 | 81 - 95 | PG # 13550 | + | Vol. I No. 7 | December 15, 1849 | 97 - 112 | PG # 11651 | + | Vol. I No. 8 | December 22, 1849 | 113 - 128 | PG # 11652 | + | Vol. I No. 9 | December 29, 1849 | 130 - 144 | PG # 13521 | + +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+ + | Vol. I No. 10 | January 5, 1850 | 145 - 160 | PG # | + | Vol. I No. 11 | January 12, 1850 | 161 - 176 | PG # 11653 | + | Vol. I No. 12 | January 19, 1850 | 177 - 192 | PG # 11575 | + | Vol. I No. 13 | January 26, 1850 | 193 - 208 | PG # 11707 | + +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+ + | Vol. I No. 14 | February 2, 1850 | 209 - 224 | PG # 13558 | + | Vol. I No. 15 | February 9, 1850 | 225 - 238 | PG # 11929 | + | Vol. I No. 16 | February 16, 1850 | 241 - 256 | PG # 16193 | + | Vol. I No. 17 | February 23, 1850 | 257 - 271 | PG # 12018 | + +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+ + | Vol. I No. 18 | March 2, 1850 | 273 - 288 | PG # 13544 | + | Vol. I No. 19 | March 9, 1850 | 289 - 309 | PG # 13638 | + | Vol. I No. 20 | March 16, 1850 | 313 - 328 | PG # 16409 | + | Vol. I No. 21 | March 23, 1850 | 329 - 343 | PG # 11958 | + | Vol. I No. 22 | March 30, 1850 | 345 - 359 | PG # 12198 | + +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+ + | Vol. I No. 23 | April 6, 1850 | 361 - 376 | PG # 12505 | + | Vol. I No. 24 | April 13, 1850 | 377 - 392 | PG # 13925 | + | Vol. I No. 25 | April 20, 1850 | 393 - 408 | PG # 13747 | + | Vol. I No. 26 | April 27, 1850 | 409 - 423 | PG # 13822 | + +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+ + | Vol. I No. 27 | May 4, 1850 | 425 - 447 | PG # 13712 | + | Vol. I No. 28 | May 11, 1850 | 449 - 463 | PG # 13684 | + | Vol. I No. 29 | May 18, 1850 | 465 - 479 | PG # 15197 | + | Vol. I No. 30 | May 25, 1850 | 481 - 495 | PG # 13713 | + +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+ + | Notes and Queries Vol. II. | + +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Vol., No. | Date, Year | Pages | PG # xxxxx | + +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Vol. II No. 31 | June 1, 1850 | 1- 15 | PG # 12589 | + | Vol. II No. 32 | June 8, 1850 | 17- 32 | PG # 15996 | + | Vol. II No. 33 | June 15, 1850 | 33- 48 | PG # 26121 | + | Vol. II No. 34 | June 22, 1850 | 49- 64 | PG # 22127 | + | Vol. II No. 35 | June 29, 1850 | 65- 79 | PG # 22126 | + +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Vol. II No. 36 | July 6, 1850 | 81- 96 | PG # 13361 | + | Vol. II No. 37 | July 13, 1850 | 97-112 | PG # 13729 | + | Vol. II No. 38 | July 20, 1850 | 113-128 | PG # 13362 | + | Vol. II No. 39 | July 27, 1850 | 129-143 | PG # 13736 | + +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Vol. II No. 40 | August 3, 1850 | 145-159 | PG # 13389 | + | Vol. II No. 41 | August 10, 1850 | 161-176 | PG # 13393 | + | Vol. II No. 42 | August 17, 1850 | 177-191 | PG # 13411 | + | Vol. II No. 43 | August 24, 1850 | 193-207 | PG # 13406 | + | Vol. II No. 44 | August 31, 1850 | 209-223 | PG # 13426 | + +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Vol. II No. 45 | September 7, 1850 | 225-240 | PG # 13427 | + | Vol. II No. 46 | September 14, 1850 | 241-256 | PG # 13462 | + | Vol. II No. 47 | September 21, 1850 | 257-272 | PG # 13936 | + | Vol. II No. 48 | September 28, 1850 | 273-288 | PG # 13463 | + +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Vol. II No. 49 | October 5, 1850 | 289-304 | PG # 13480 | + | Vol. II No. 50 | October 12, 1850 | 305-320 | PG # 13551 | + | Vol. II No. 51 | October 19, 1850 | 321-351 | PG # 15232 | + | Vol. II No. 52 | October 26, 1850 | 353-367 | PG # 22624 | + +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Vol. II No. 53 | November 2, 1850 | 369-383 | PG # 13540 | + | Vol. II No. 54 | November 9, 1850 | 385-399 | PG # 22138 | + | Vol. II No. 55 | November 16, 1850 | 401-415 | PG # 15216 | + | Vol. II No. 56 | November 23, 1850 | 417-431 | PG # 15354 | + | Vol. II No. 57 | November 30, 1850 | 433-454 | PG # 15405 | + +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Vol. II No. 58 | December 7, 1850 | 457-470 | PG # 21503 | + | Vol. II No. 59 | December 14, 1850 | 473-486 | PG # 15427 | + | Vol. II No. 60 | December 21, 1850 | 489-502 | PG # 24803 | + | Vol. II No. 61 | December 28, 1850 | 505-524 | PG # 16404 | + +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Notes and Queries Vol. III. | + +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Vol., No. | Date, Year | Pages | PG # xxxxx | + +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Vol. III No. 62 | January 4, 1851 | 1- 15 | PG # 15638 | + | Vol. III No. 63 | January 11, 1851 | 17- 31 | PG # 15639 | + | Vol. III No. 64 | January 18, 1851 | 33- 47 | PG # 15640 | + | Vol. III No. 65 | January 25, 1851 | 49- 78 | PG # 15641 | + +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Vol. III No. 66 | February 1, 1851 | 81- 95 | PG # 22339 | + | Vol. III No. 67 | February 8, 1851 | 97-111 | PG # 22625 | + | Vol. III No. 68 | February 15, 1851 | 113-127 | PG # 22639 | + | Vol. III No. 69 | February 22, 1851 | 129-159 | PG # 23027 | + +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Vol. III No. 70 | March 1, 1851 | 161-174 | PG # 23204 | + | Vol. III No. 71 | March 8, 1851 | 177-200 | PG # 23205 | + | Vol. III No. 72 | March 15, 1851 | 201-215 | PG # 23212 | + | Vol. III No. 73 | March 22, 1851 | 217-231 | PG # 23225 | + | Vol. III No. 74 | March 29, 1851 | 233-255 | PG # 23282 | + +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Vol. III No. 75 | April 5, 1851 | 257-271 | PG # 23402 | + | Vol. III No. 76 | April 12, 1851 | 273-294 | PG # 26896 | + | Vol. III No. 77 | April 19, 1851 | 297-311 | PG # 26897 | + | Vol. III No. 78 | April 26, 1851 | 313-342 | PG # 26898 | + +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Vol. III No. 79 | May 3, 1851 | 345-359 | PG # 26899 | + | Vol. III No. 80 | May 10, 1851 | 361-382 | PG # 32495 | + | Vol. III No. 81 | May 17, 1851 | 385-399 | PG # 29318 | + | Vol. III No. 82 | May 24, 1851 | 401-415 | PG # 28311 | + | Vol. III No. 83 | May 31, 1851 | 417-440 | PG # 36835 | + +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Vol. III No. 84 | June 7, 1851 | 441-472 | PG # 37379 | + | Vol. III No. 85 | June 14, 1851 | 473-488 | PG # 37403 | + | Vol. III No. 86 | June 21, 1851 | 489-511 | PG # 37496 | + | Vol. III No. 87 | June 28, 1851 | 513-528 | PG # 37516 | + +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Notes and Queries Vol. IV. | + +-----------------+--------------------+---------+------------+ + | Vol., No. | Date, Year | Pages | PG # xxxxx | + +-----------------+--------------------+---------+------------+ + | Vol. IV No. 88 | July 5, 1851 | 1- 15 | PG # 37548 | + | Vol. IV No. 89 | July 12, 1851 | 17- 31 | PG # 37568 | + | Vol. IV No. 90 | July 19, 1851 | 33- 47 | PG # 37593 | + | Vol. IV No. 91 | July 26, 1851 | 49- 79 | PG # 37778 | + +-----------------+--------------------+---------+------------+ + | Vol. IV No. 92 | August 2, 1851 | 81- 94 | PG # 38324 | + | Vol. IV No. 93 | August 9, 1851 | 97-112 | PG # 38337 | + | Vol. IV No. 94 | August 16, 1851 | 113-127 | PG # 38350 | + | Vol. IV No. 95 | August 23, 1851 | 129-144 | PG # 38386 | + | Vol. IV No. 96 | August 30, 1851 | 145-167 | PG # 38405 | + +-----------------+--------------------+---------+------------+ + | Vol. IV No. 97 | Sept. 6, 1851 | 169-183 | PG # 38433 | + | Vol. IV No. 98 | Sept. 13, 1851 | 185-200 | PG # 38491 | + | Vol. IV No. 99 | Sept. 20, 1851 | 201-216 | PG # 38574 | + | Vol. IV No. 100 | Sept. 27, 1851 | 217-246 | PG # 38656 | + +-----------------+--------------------+---------+------------+ + | Vol. IV No. 101 | Oct. 4, 1851 | 249-264 | PG # 38701 | + | Vol. IV No. 102 | Oct. 11, 1851 | 265-287 | PG # 38773 | + | Vol. IV No. 103 | Oct. 18, 1851 | 289-303 | PG # 38864 | + | Vol. IV No. 104 | Oct. 25, 1851 | 305-333 | PG # 38926 | + +-----------------+--------------------+---------+------------+ + | Vol. IV No. 105 | Nov. 1, 1851 | 337-358 | PG # 39076 | + | Vol. IV No. 106 | Nov. 8, 1851 | 361-374 | PG # 39091 | + | Vol. IV No. 107 | Nov. 15, 1851 | 377-396 | PG # 39135 | + | Vol. IV No. 108 | Nov. 22, 1851 | 401-414 | PG # 39197 | + | Vol. IV No. 109 | Nov. 29, 1851 | 417-430 | PG # 39233 | + +-----------------+--------------------+---------+------------+ + | Vol. IV No. 110 | Dec. 6, 1851 | 433-460 | PG # 39338 | + | Vol. IV No. 111 | Dec. 13, 1851 | 465-478 | PG # 39393 | + +-----------------+--------------------+---------+------------+ + | Vol I. Index. [Nov. 1849-May 1850] | PG # 13536 | + | INDEX TO THE SECOND VOLUME. MAY-DEC., 1850 | PG # 13571 | + | INDEX TO THE THIRD VOLUME. JAN.-JUNE, 1851 | PG # 26770 | + +------------------------------------------------+------------+ + + + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Notes and Queries, Vol. IV, Number +112, December 20, 1851, by Various + +*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES AND QUERIES, DEC 20, 1851 *** + +***** This file should be named 39438-8.txt or 39438-8.zip ***** +This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: + http://www.gutenberg.org/3/9/4/3/39438/ + +Produced by Charlene Taylor, Jonathan Ingram and the Online +Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This +file was produced from images generously made available +by The Internet Library of Early Journals.) + + +Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions +will be renamed. + +Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no +one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation +(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without +permission and without paying copyright royalties. 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You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: Notes and Queries, Vol. IV, Number 112, December 20, 1851 + A Medium of Inter-communication for Literary Men, Artists, + Antiquaries, Genealogists, etc. + +Author: Various + +Editor: George Bell + +Release Date: April 13, 2012 [EBook #39438] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1 + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES AND QUERIES, DEC 20, 1851 *** + + + + +Produced by Charlene Taylor, Jonathan Ingram and the Online +Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This +file was produced from images generously made available +by The Internet Library of Early Journals.) + + + + + + +</pre> + + + +<h1> +<span id="idno">Vol. IV.—No. 112.</span> + +<span>NOTES <small>AND</small> QUERIES:</span> + +<span id="id1"> A MEDIUM OF INTER-COMMUNICATION</span> + +<span id="id2"> FOR</span> +<span id="id3"> LITERARY MEN, ARTISTS, ANTIQUARIES, GENEALOGISTS, ETC.</span> + +</h1> + +<div class="center1"> +<p class="noindent"><b>"When found, make a note of."</b>—C<span class="smcap lowercase">APTAIN</span> C<span class="smcap lowercase">UTTLE.</span></p> +</div> + +<p class="noindent center smaller">V<span class="smcap lowercase">OL</span>. IV.—No. 112.</p> + +<p class="noindent center smaller">S<span class="smcap lowercase">ATURDAY</span>, D<span class="smcap lowercase">ECEMBER</span> 20. 1851.</p> + +<p class="noindent center smaller"> Price Threepence. Stamped Edition, 4<i>d.</i></p> + + + + + +<h2><span>CONTENTS.</span></h2> + + + + +<p class="larger"> N<span class="smcap lowercase">OTES</span>:— </p> + +<div class="toc"> + +<p class="indh i5">Wady Mokatteb identified with + Kibroth Hattavah, by + the Rev. Moses Margoliouth <a title="Go to page 481" href="#Page_481">481</a></p> + +<p class="indh i5">On a Passage in + Goldsmith, by + Henry H. Breen <a title="Go to page 482" href="#Page_482">482</a></p> + +<p class="indh i5">Minor Notes:—Biographical + Dictionary—The Word + Premises—Play of George + Barnwell—Traditions from + Remote Periods + through few Links <a title="Go to page 483" href="#Page_483">483</a></p> + +</div> + +<p class="larger">Q<span class="smcap lowercase">UERIES</span>:—</p> + +<div class="toc"> + +<p class="indh i5">Deodands and + their Application, by +Jonathan Peel <a title="Go to page 484" href="#Page_484">484</a></p> + +<p class="indh i5">Minor Queries:—Hell + paved with the Skulls of Priests—Charib—Thumb + Bible—Tripos—Louis + Philippe and his Bag of Nails—Brass + Statues at Windsor—Edmund Bohun—Bishop + Trelawney <a title="Go to page 484" href="#Page_484">484</a></p> + +<p class="indh i5">M<span class="smcap lowercase">INOR</span> +Q<span class="smcap lowercase">UERIES</span> +A<span class="smcap lowercase">NSWERED</span>:—Companion + Ladder—Macaulay's Ballad of the Battle +of Naseby <a title="Go to page 485" href="#Page_485">485</a></p> + +</div> + +<p class="larger"> R<span class="smcap lowercase">EPLIES</span>:—</p> + +<div class="toc"> + +<p class="indh i5">The Crucifix as used by the Early Christians, by + J. Emerson Tennent <a title="Go to page 485" href="#Page_485">485</a></p> + +<p class="indh i5">The Word "<span title="[Greek: Adelphos]">Ἀδελφὸς</span>," by + T. R. Brown <a title="Go to page 486" href="#Page_486">486</a></p> + +<p class="indh i5">The Roman Index Expurgatorius + of 1607 <a title="Go to page 487" href="#Page_487">487</a></p> + +<p class="indh i5">Replies to Minor Queries:—Hobbes's "Leviathan"—Age of + Trees—Treatise against Equivocation—Lycian Inscriptions—Alterius + Orbis Papa—Carmagnoles—General James Wolfe—Johannes Trithemius—Sir + William Herschel—Dr. Wm. Wall—Parish +Registers—Compositions during the Protectorate—General + Moyle—Descendants of John of Gaunt—Church of St. Bene't + Fink—Coins of +Vabalathus—Engraved Portrait—"Cleanliness is next to + godliness"—Cozens the Painter—Whig and Tory—Prince + Rupert's Drops—Deep +Well near Bansted Downs—Mrs. Mary Anne Clarke—Upton + Court <a title="Go to page 487" href="#Page_487">487</a></p> + +</div> + +<p class="larger">M<span class="smcap lowercase">ISCELLANEOUS</span>:—</p> + +<div class="toc"> + +<p class="indh i5">Notes on Books, Sales, +Catalogues, &c. <a title="Go to page 493" href="#Page_493">493</a></p> + +<p class="indh i5">Books and Odd Volumes + wanted <a title="Go to page 494" href="#Page_494">494</a></p> + +<p class="indh i5">Notices to +Correspondents <a title="Go to page 494" href="#Page_494">494</a></p> + +<p class="indh i5">Advertisements <a title="Go to page 494" href="#Page_494">494</a> +<span class="pagenum">[481]</span><a id="Page_481"></a> </p> + +<p class="indh i5"> <a id="was_added1"></a><a title="Go to list of vol. numbers and pages" href="#pageslist1" class="fnanchor">List +of Notes and Queries volumes and pages</a></p> +</div> + + + + +<h2> +<span class="bla">Notes.</span> +</h2> + + +<h3> +<span>WADY MOKATTEB IDENTIFIED WITH KIBROTH HATTAVAH.</span> +</h3> + + +<p>The difficulty of deciding the antiquity of the famous inscriptions in +the deserts of Arabia, would be considerably diminished if we could +ascertain the earliest mention of the valley now known as Wady Mokatteb. +What I am about to submit to the readers of the +"N<span class="smcap lowercase">OTES AND</span> Q<span class="smcap lowercase">UERIES</span>", is +not a presumptuous or rash suggestion, but an idea diffidently +entertained, and cautiously and maturely considered.</p> + +<p>It is not at all improbable that that valley, with its surrounding rocky +chronicles, was first mentioned by Moses, the first delineator of the +"great wilderness." The mention I allude to is to be found in Numbers, +xi. 26. The passage, as it occurs in the English version, runs thus:</p> + +<p class="blockquot">"But there remained two of the men in the camp, the name of + the one was Eldad, and the name of the other was Medad; and + the Spirit rested upon them, and they were of them that were + written."</p> + +<p class="noindent">The original words of the last clause are but the two following:—</p> + +<p class="blockquot"><span class="larger" title='Hebrew: vhmh bakkthwbym'>וְהֵמָה + בַּכְּתוּבִים</span> </p> + +<p class="noindent">which literally signify, "and they were amongst the inscriptions."</p> + +<p>A personal and literary examination of the locality of the Sinaitic +inscriptions convinces me that Eldad and Medad were then in that famous +region. By a reference to the chapter alluded to, it will be found that +the children of Israel were then at that awfully memorable place called +<i>Kibroth Hattavah</i> (ver. 34.), and no one, who has but a slight +knowledge of scripture topography, will be at a loss to observe that it +is the very spot where the mysterious inscriptions are found.</p> + +<p>Dr. Robinson, in his <i>Biblical Researches</i>, vol. i. p. 138., thus +notices the subject in question:</p> + +<p class="blockquot"> "The Sinaite inscriptions are found on all the routes which + lead from the West towards Sinai, above the convent + El-Arbain, but are found neither on Gebel Msa, nor on the + present Horeb, nor on St. Catherine, nor in the valley of the + convent; while on Serbal they are seen on its very summit."</p> + +<p>Lord Lindsay, in his first letter from <i>Edom and the Holy Land</i>, +introduces the same district in the following words:</p> + +<p class="blockquot"> "We now entered Wady Mokatteb, a spacious valley, bounded on + the east by a most picturesque range of black mountains, but + chiefly famous for the inscriptions on the rocks that line + it, and from which it derives its name. There are thousands + of them, inscriptions too, and here is the mystery, in a + character which no one has yet deciphered."</p> + +<p>Now, let the ancient and modern maps be compared, and it will be +discovered that the same place which is called, in Num. xi. 26., +<span class="larger" title='Hebrew: kthwbym'>כְּתוּבִים</span>, + probably on account of its inscriptions, is also called by +the Arabians <span class="larger" title='Arabic: wadi el mokatteb'>وادى المكتّب</span> + <i>Wady el Mokatteb</i>.<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_482"></a>[482]</span></p> + +<p>Should the identity between Wady Mokatteb and Kibroth Hattavah be +considered conclusive, then the antiquity of the Sinaitic inscriptions +is far more remote than the date fixed by certain archologists and +palographists; the records may prove to be, in truth and in deed, the +handy-work of the Israelites during their encampment there.</p> + +<p>The readers of the +"N<span class="smcap lowercase">OTES AND</span> Q<span class="smcap lowercase">UERIES</span>" need scarcely be told that the +inscriptions were first noticed in the sixth century by Cosmas, a +Grco-Indian merchant, who was hence surnamed Indicopleustes. But it is +necessary to impress the fact that Cosmas, though a man of intelligence +and of letters, considered that the alphabet in which the inscriptions +were made, was unknown; but having visited the Wady in company with +certain well-informed Jews, his Hebrew companions read and deciphered +several of the records, and decided that the Israelites of the Egyptian +Exodus were the performers of the inscriptions. All this Cosmas stated +in his <i>Christian Topography</i> (a work published for the first time in +1707 by the learned Montfauon), and concurs in the opinion that the +ancient Hebrews were the scribes. This circumstance borne in mind, will +be proof against the theory conceived by Professor Beer, brought forth +by Dr. Lepsius, adopted and fostered by Dr. Wilson, viz. that an Utopian +Nabathan Christian tribe executed those inscriptions during their +pilgrimages to the sacred localities on Mount Sinai. Is it not strange +that Cosmas should not have heard that there was such a tribe of scribes +in the valley? Is it not unaccountable that the knowledge of the +alphabet should so soon have been forgotten? Cosmas flourished +comparatively but a short time after the supposed Nabathans.</p> + +<p>But the advocates of the Nabathan theory argue that the Sinaitic +inscriptions must be of a comparatively modern date, since there are +found amongst them some Greek and Latin ones; and, moreover, the cross +does sometimes occur in various shapes. I venture to submit that the +inscriptions bear self-evidence that they have been executed at various +dates. It is true that by far the greatest number of them display +indubitable marks of remote antiquity; but there are some which must be +pronounced juvenile when compared with the <i>great majority</i>. The latter +bear marks of an execution resembling the inscriptions on the ancient +Egyptian obelisks, whilst the former are rude and superficially cut, and +already almost effaced. I take, therefore, the Greek and Latin, and +indeed some of the yet unknown inscriptions, to have been cut at a +comparatively modern date. Who knows whether Cosmas and his companions +did not try their hands at a few?</p> + +<p>Why should it be thought improbable that the different monks on Mount +Sinai, who occupied the convent there at various ages, should have done +their quota to puzzle the modern palographist and traveller? Is it +absolutely impossible that the prefect of the Franciscan missionaries of +Egypt, who visited the Wady in 1722, and his companions, who were well +instructed in the Arabic, Greek, Hebrew, Syriac, Coptic, Latin, +Armenian, Turkish, English, Illyrian, German, and Bohemian languages, +should have chiselled a few in the characters they were most expert? In +the same manner might the occurrence of the cross be accounted for, if +it were necessary, without precipitating oneself to the conclusion that +"the occurrence, in connection with the inscriptions of the cross in +various forms, indicates that their <i>origin</i> should be attributed to the +early Christians." But is it possible that such antiquaries as Drs. +Beer, Lepsius, and Wilson, should be ignorant, or affect to be ignorant, +that the cross was an ancient hieroglyphic, of a date long before the +Christian era, well known by the name of <i>Crux Ansata</i>, and of the +<i>Divina Taw</i>, and signified among the Egyptians "Life to come"? That the +form of the cross was used among the Hebrews is conclusive from the fact +that it was the ancient Hebrew mint letter for the + <span class="larger" title='Hebrew: tav'>ת</span>. +What, then, is the value of the arguments in behalf of the Nabathan +theory? All the specimens that have been given hitherto of the +inscriptions, are no more in comparison with the vast numbers which +literally cover the highest mountains, than a drop out of a bucket, +including even those given in the <i>Philosophical Transactions</i> of 1766, +in the <i>Transactions of the Royal Society of Literature</i> of 1832, and by +the Rev. Charles Forster of this <a id="year1"></a>year <a title="Go to footnote 1." href="#fn1" class="fnanchor">[1]</a>, and even adding the 1200 taken +by M. Lottin de Laval. (See +"N<span class="smcap lowercase">OTES AND</span> Q<span class="smcap lowercase">UERIES</span>", Vol. iv., p. 332.)</p> + +<p class="footnote"><a href="#year1" class="label">[1]</a><a id="fn1"></a> <i>The One Primeval Language, &c.</i>, by the Rev. Charles +Forster. The above is a compendium of two letters which the writer +addressed on the subject to his Grace the Archbishop of Dublin, and the +late Bishop of Norwich,—to the former from Paris, to the latter from +Alexandria. See <i>A Pilgrimage to the Land of my Fathers</i>, vol. i. pp. +6-15. Mr. Forster's work did not appear until about a year after the +publication of part of the writer's travels.</p> + + <p class="right">M<span class="smcap lowercase">OSES</span> M<span class="smcap lowercase">ARGOLIOUTH.</span></p> + + + + +<h3> +<span>ON A PASSAGE IN GOLDSMITH.</span> +</h3> + + +<p>Goldsmith, in <i>The Deserted Village</i>, has the lines:</p> + +<div class="poem"> + + <p>"Ill fares the land, to hastening ills a prey,</p> + <p>Where wealth accumulates and men decay:</p> + <p>Princes and lords may flourish or may fade,</p> + <p><i>A breath can make them, as a breath has made</i>;</p> + <p>But a bold peasantry, their country's pride,</p> + <p>When once destroy'd, can never be supplied."</p> + +</div> + +<p>In this passage the fourth line, which I have given in italics, is +traced by D'Israeli, in<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_483"></a>[483]</span> <i>Curiosities of Literature</i>, under the +head of "Imitations and Similarities," to the French poet, De Caux, who, +comparing the world to his hour-glass, says—</p> + +<div class="poem"> + + <p class="i11">——"C'est une verre qui luit,</p> + <p>Qu'un souffle peut <i>dtruire</i>, et qu'un souffle a <i>produit</i>."</p> + +</div> + +<p>The turn given to the thought in the French has suggested to D'Israeli +an emendation of the passage in Goldsmith. He proposes that the word +"unmakes" should be substituted for "can make." The line would then +read—</p> + + <div class="poem"> + + <p>"A breath <i>unmakes</i> them, as a breath has made."</p> + +</div> + +<p>This emendation seems to me to be alike ingenious and well-founded. The +line itself is but the corollary of the one that precedes it; and in +order to make the sense complete, it should contain antithetical +expressions to correspond with "flourish" and "fade." Now, between "can +make" and "made" there is nothing antithetical; but between "made" and +"unmakes" there is.</p> + +<p>In support of this view, I may quote one or two parallel passages, in +which the antithesis is preserved. The first is a quatrain commemorating +the devastating effects of an earthquake in the valley of Lucerne in +1808:</p> + +<div class="poem"> + + <p> "O ciel! ainsi ta Providence</p> + <p class="i1">A tous les maux nous condamna:</p> + <p>Un souffle <i>teint</i> notre existence</p> + <p class="i1">Comme un souffle nous la <i>donna</i>."</p> + +</div> + +<p>The second is a line which occurs in <i>Curiosities of Literature</i>, and +which I am compelled to quote from memory, having no access to that +work. It is as follows:</p> + +<div class="poem"> + + <p>"A breath <i>revived</i> him, but a breath <i>o'erthrew</i>."</p> + +</div> + +<p>That Goldsmith wrote the line in question with the word "unmakes," there +seems little reason to doubt. To say of princes and lords that "a breath +can make them, as a breath has made," far from conveying any idea of +their "fading," would be, on the contrary, to indicate the facile +process by which they may be perpetuated. It would show how they may +"flourish," but not how they may "fade."</p> + +<p>Although this emendation in Goldsmith was pointed out many years ago, +and recommends itself by its appositeness, and its obvious adaptation to +the context, yet I believe it has never been introduced into any edition +of that poet. I have before me two copies of <i>The Deserted Village</i>, and +both contain the words "can make." As, however, among the many useful +hints thrown out by +"N<span class="smcap lowercase">OTES AND</span> Q<span class="smcap lowercase">UERIES</span>", that of suggesting the +emendation of obscure or difficult passages in our poets, appears to +have met with the approbation of your readers, I trust some future +editor of Goldsmith may be induced to notice this passage, and restore +the text to its original accuracy.</p> + + <p class="right">H<span class="smcap lowercase">ENRY</span> H. B<span class="smcap lowercase">REEN.</span></p> + + <p class="left"> St. Lucia.</p> + + + + +<h3> +<span class="bla">Minor Notes.</span> +</h3> + +<h4> +<span><i>Biographical Dictionary.</i></span> +</h4> + +<p>—May I beg for the assistance of +"N<span class="smcap lowercase">OTES AND</span> Q<span class="smcap lowercase">UERIES</span>" +to enforce a want which I am sure is daily felt by thousands of +educated Englishmen? The want I speak of is that of <i>a good Biographical +Dictionary</i>, coming down to the middle of the century; a dictionary as +good as the <i>Biog. Universelle</i> for <i>foreign</i> lives, and <i>a hundred +times better for English lives</i>. Every one knows how meagre and +unsatisfactory is that otherwise magnificent work in its English part. +Why should we not have an abridged translation, with the home portion +re-written?</p> + + <p class="right"> Z. Z. Z.</p> + + + +<h4> +<span><i>The Word Premises.</i></span> +</h4> + +<p>—The use of the word <i>premises</i> for houses, lands, +and hereditaments, is surely incorrect. I have never found the word +<i>prmissa</i> used in any Latin writer in a sense that can sanction the +modern application of its derivative. Johnson's authority supports the +view that the word is perverted in being made to stand for houses and +lands, as he says it is "in low language" that the noun substantive +"premises" is used in that sense, as, "I was upon the <i>premises</i>," &c. +The office of "the premises" in a deed, say the Law Dictionaries, is to +express the names of the grantor and grantee, and to specify the thing +granted. "The <i>premises</i> is the former part of a deed, being all that +which precedeth the <i>habendum</i> or limitation of the estate." I believe +the term "parcels" is applied, technically, to the specification of the +property which forms the subject of a deed. In an instrument, it may not +be wholly incorrect to refer by the term "premises" to the particulars +premised, and, if an etymological inaccuracy, it may be excused for the +sake of avoiding repetitions; but surely we ought not to speak of +houses, lands, &c. by this term. I see I am not the first to call an +editor's attention to this point, for, in the <i>Gentleman's Magazine</i> of +Jan., 1795, a correspondent complains of this improper application of +the word, and attributes the perversion to the lawyers, "who," he says, +"for the sake of brevity (to which, by-the-bye, they are not much +attached), have accustomed themselves to the phrase, 'the aforesaid +<i>premises</i>,' whence the word has come to be universally taken as a +collective noun, signifying manors, tenements, and so on." The absurdity +of such a use of the word is illustrated by putting it for animals, +household goods, and personal estate, for which it may as well stand as +for lands and houses.</p> + + <p class="right"> W. S. G.</p> + + <p class="left"> Newcastle-upon-Tyne.</p> + + + + +<h4> +<span><i>Play of George Barnwell:</i>—</span> +</h4> + + + <p class="blockquot"> "Last Friday a messenger came from Hampton Court to the Play + House by the Queen's command, for the manuscript of George + Barnwell, for Her Majesty's perusal, which Mr. Wilks carried + to Hampton Court early on Saturday morning; and we hear it is + to be performed shortly at the Theatre in Hampton<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_484"></a>[484]</span> + Court, for the entertainment of the Royal Family," + &c.—<i>Daily Post</i>, Monday, July 5. 1731.</p> + + <p class="right"> H. E.</p> + + + +<h4> +<span><i>Traditions from Remote Periods through few Links</i> (Vol. iii., pp. 206. 237.):—</span> +</h4> + +<p class="blockquot"> "My greatest boast in this line is, that I have conversed + with Sir Isaac Herd, the celebrated herald, and he had + conversed with a person who was present at the execution of + Charles I."—Lord Campbell's <i>Lives of the Chief Justices</i>, + vol. ii. p. 304. note.</p> + + <p class="right"> E. H. A.</p> + + + + + + +<h2> +<span class="bla">Queries.</span> +</h2> + +<h3> +<span>DEODANDS AND THEIR APPLICATION.</span> +</h3> + +<p>Blackstone states (1 <i>Comm.</i> p. 300.) that a deodand—</p> + + <p class="blockquot">"Is forfeited to the king to be applied to pious uses, and + distributed in alms by his high almoner, though formerly + destined to a more superstitious purpose. It seems to have + been originally designed, in the blind days of Popery, as an + expiation for the souls of such as were snatched away by + sudden death; and for that purpose ought properly to have + been given to holy church."</p> + +<p>The authorities for this latter statement are Fitzh., <i>Abr.</i>, tit. +"Enditement," pt. 27., and Staunf., <i>P.C.</i>, 20, 21., neither of which +books are in my possession, nor in this remote district can I gain +access to them. Hume, Lingard, Henry, and Rapin, omit all mention of +this change in the destination of the deodand, at least so far as I can +find. Fleta, who lived, according to Dr. Cowell (<i>Interpreter</i>, in verb. +"Fleta"), tem. Ed. II., Ed. III., or, according to Jacob (<i>Law Dic.</i>, in +ver. "Fleta"), tem. Ed. I., says that—</p> + +<p class="blockquot"> "This deodand is to be sold to the poor, and the price + distributed to the poor for the soul of the king and all + faithful people departed this life."—<i>Interpreter</i>, in ver. + "Deodand."</p> + +<p>It would therefore appear that in Fleta's time it was settled law that +deodands went to the Crown; nor does this writer seem to take any notice +of their having been, at any time, payable to the Church. Hawkins, East, +and I think Hale also, are equally silent upon the point.</p> + +<p>Can any of your readers kindly supply the information as to when +deodands first ceased to be given to the Church, and when they became +the property of the Crown?</p> + + <p class="right">J<span class="smcap lowercase">ONATHAN</span> P<span class="smcap lowercase">EEL.</span></p> + + + + +<h3> +<span class="bla">Minor Queries.</span> +</h3> + +<h4> +<span>349. <i>Hell Paved with the Skulls of Priests.</i></span> +</h4> + +<p>—The proverb "Hell is +paved with good intentions" (Vol. ii. pp. 86. 140.), brings to my +recollection a remark I once heard from the lips of a French priest. He +was addressing an audience chiefly composed of students in divinity, and +while descanting on the peculiar dangers to which ecclesiastics are +exposed, and the obstacles they have to encounter at every step on the +road to salvation, he said there could be no doubt that by far the +greater number of them would incur eternal damnation. "It was this" +(added he, with an emphasis which sent thrill of horror through all +present), "It was this that made one of the early fathers assert, that +Hell is paved with the skulls of priests." I think the preacher +mentioned Tertullian as his authority for this singular sentiment, but +he only gave the words: "L'enfer est pav de ttes de prtres." Can any +of your readers point out the precise passage referred to?</p> + + <p class="right"> H<span class="smcap lowercase">ENRY</span> H. B<span class="smcap lowercase">REEN.</span></p> + + <p class="left"> St. Lucia.</p> + + + +<h4> +<span>350. <i>Charib.</i></span> +</h4> + +<p>—Can any of your correspondents inform me what is the +derivation and meaning of the word <i>Charib</i>? The Charibs were the +ancient inhabitants, as is well known, of the smaller West Indian +islands.</p> + + <p class="right"> W. J. C.</p> + + <p class="left"> St. Lucia.</p> + + + +<h4> +<span>351. <i>Thumb Bible.</i></span> +</h4> + +<p>—Can any of your readers tell me the history of the +Thumb Bible, reprinted by Longman, 1850? Who was "J. Taylor," who seems +to have been the author? He has strangely spoilt Bishop Ken's Morning +and Evening Hymns at the conclusion of his book.</p> + + <p class="right">H<span class="smcap lowercase">ERMES.</span></p> + + + +<h4> +<span>352. <i>Tripos.</i></span> +</h4> + +<p>—What is the origin of the term "tripos" as applied to +the mathematical and classical honour lists in the university of +Cambridge?</p> + + <p class="right"> A. F. S.</p> + + + +<h4> +<span>353. <i>Louis Philippe and his Bag of Nails.</i></span> +</h4> + +<p>—Has any of your +correspondents heard a story about a bag of rusty nails which Louis +Philippe used to carry about with him; with which he considered his fate +as in some way connected; and which he lost a few days before February +24, 1848? If so, is it known whether the story is well authenticated?</p> + + <p class="right"> R. D. H.</p> + + + +<h4> +<span>354. <i>Brass Statues at Windsor.</i></span> +</h4> + +<p>—"The Brass Statues at Windsor," sold +in 1646 by order of the House of Lords to pay the troops at +Windsor:—What were these statues?</p> + + <p class="right"> W<span class="smcap lowercase">AYLEN.</span></p> + + + +<h4> +<span>355. <i>Edmund Bohun.</i></span> +</h4> + +<p>—Is it possible that some Trans-atlantic notist may +be able to supply a scrap or two of intelligence respecting the brief +career of Edmund Bohun, as Chief Justice of South Carolina, 1698-1701? I +believe he died in the latter year, and was buried at Charlestown.</p> + + <p class="right">S. W. R<span class="smcap lowercase">IX.</span></p> + + <p class="left"> Beccles.</p> + + + +<h4> +<span>356. <i>Bishop Trelawney.</i></span> +</h4> + +<p>—To what parliamentary decision does Atterbury +allude in the subjoined extract from the dedication to Trelawney, Bishop +of Winchester, prefixed to his Sermons in four volumes, 1723?</p> + + <p class="blockquot"> "This and another parliamentary decision, which your lordship + not long after with equal difficulty<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_485"></a>[485]</span> obtained, and by + which the bishop's sole right to judge of the qualifications + of persons applying for institution was unutterably + confirmed, are such instances of your magnanimity and public + spirit as will remain in memory while the church or the law + of England lasts."</p> + + <p class="right"> E. H. A.</p> + + + + + +<h3> +<span class="bla">Minor Queries Answered.</span> +</h3> + +<h4> +<span><i>Companion Ladder.</i></span> +</h4> + +<p>—Why are the stairs leading from the deck to the +chief cabin of a ship called "the companion ladder?"</p> + + <p class="right">A C<span class="smcap lowercase">ONSTANT</span> R<span class="smcap lowercase">EADER</span>.</p> + +<p class="blockquot"> [The <i>companion</i> in merchant ships is a wooden porch placed + over the entrance or staircase of the cabin. Hence the ladder + by which officers ascend to and descend from the + quarter-deck, is called the <i>companion ladder</i>.]</p> + + + +<h4> +<span><i>Macaulay's Ballad of the Battle of Naseby.</i></span> +</h4> + +<p>—Where is Mr. Macaulay's +ballad of the "Battle of Naseby" to be found printed entire? It is not +republished in the last edition of his <i>Lays of Ancient Rome</i>.</p> + + <p class="right">D. B. J.</p> + +<p class="blockquot"> [It has never, we believe, been printed since its first + publication in <i>Knight's Magazine</i>, about the year 1824. From + the omission pointed out by our correspondent, it is obvious + that the accomplished writer of it does not himself regard + this ballad as deserving of republication.]</p> + + + + +<h2> +<span class="bla">Replies.</span> +</h2> + + +<h3> +<span>THE CRUCIFIX AS USED BY THE EARLY CHRISTIANS.<br /> +(Vol. iv., p. 422.).</span> +</h3> + + +<p>A correspondent questions the accuracy of M<span class="smcap lowercase">R.</span> +C<span class="smcap lowercase">URZON'S</span> statement, in his +<i>Monasteries of the Levant</i>, that—</p> + + <p class="blockquot">"The crucifix was not known before the fifth or sixth + century, though the cross was always the emblem of the + Christian faith,"—</p> + +<p class="noindent">and asks for information as to its use, and the dates of the earliest +examples. Some twenty years ago I devoted some care to this inquiry, and +the result will be found in a chapter on the decline of the arts in +Greece, in a <i>History of Modern Greece</i>, which I published in 1830. To +that essay, but more especially to the authorities which it cites, I +would refer your correspondent; and I think, after an examination of the +latter, he will be disposed to concur with me, that Mr. Curzon's +statement is correct. It is in accordance with that of Gibbon, and +sustained by the same authorities as Basnage, to the effect that the +first Christians, from their association with the Jews, and their +aversion to the mythology of the Greeks, were hostile to the use of +images of any description in their primitive temples, in which they +reluctantly admitted the figure of the ignominious cross, as a memorial +of the Redeemer's death. At a later period, however, the veneration for +the <i>relics</i> of departed saints led to the admission of their painted +<i>portraits</i>, and eventually to the erection of their images and effigies +in wood and marble. (<i>Gibbon</i>, chap. xxiii. xlix.) Reiskius states that +it was not till the fourth century after Christ that the latter +innovation began:</p> + + <p class="blockquot">"Ecclesia vero Christiana tribus seculis prioribus ne quidem + imagines recepit aut inter sacra numeravit instrumenta. Sed + demum sub finem quarti seculi ea lege admisit ut in templis + memori ac ornatus causa haberentur."—Reiskius, <i>De + Imaginibus Jesu Christi Exercitationes Histor.</i>, ex. i. c. i. + sec. ii. p. 12.</p> + +<p>Lillio Giraldi concurs with Reiskius:</p> + + <p class="blockquot"> "Illud certe non prtermittam nos dico Christianos ut + aliquando Romanos fuisse sine imaginibus in primitiva qu + vocatur ecclesia."—Lillius Gregorius Giraldus, <i>Histori + Deorum Syntage</i>, v. i. p. 15.</p> + +<p>The earliest images of Christ were those mentioned as being placed, by +Alexander Severus, along with those of Abraham, Jupiter, Pythagoras, +Plato, and Aristotle. (<i>Reiskius</i>, ex. vii. c. i. sec. i. p. 151.) +Constantine placed two equestrian statues of the Saviour in the Lateran +Church. But Molanus, who mentions the latter fact, insists that there +were existing about this period numerous statues of the Saviour, which +he would refer to the time of Pontius Pilate. (<i>De Historia SS. +Imaginibus, &c.</i>, lib. i. c. vi. p. 65.)</p> + +<p>The most ancient examples now remaining of the decorations employed by +the early Christians, are doubtless those found in the catacombs at +Rome. I have not access to any recent copies of these interesting +antiquities; but so far as my recollection serves, they contain no +example of a crucifix, or any literal delineation of the death of the +Saviour. In fact, even in these gloomy retreats, the vigilance of +persecution compelled the Christians to caution, and forced them to +conceal, under allegories and mystery, the memorials of their faith; the +figure of the Redeemer being always veiled under an assumed character, +most generally that of a shepherd bearing in his arms a recovered lamb. +This, which is the most common form of allegory of this period, occurs +in the catacomb of the Via Latina, in that of Priscilla in the Via +Salaria, discovered in 1776, both of which, according to Aringhi, are +amongst the oldest Christian monuments now remaining. (<i>Roma +Subterranea</i>, vol. ii. p. 25. 292.) In a sepulchral chamber in the +cemetery of St. Calixtus, Jesus is represented as Orpheus with a lyre, +as emblematic of the subduing influences of his life. But his death is +still more cautiously shadowed forth by the types of Jonas, Isaac on the +altar of Abraham, and Daniel in the den of lions,—examples of all of +which are numerous; and the cover of an urn figured by Agincourt +presents them all three. (<i>Histoire de l'Art par les Monumens</i>, vol. +iv.; <i>Dec. Sculp.</i>, pl. v. no. 10.)</p> + +<p>Art, after its decline in Rome, was later cherished by the Greeks at +Byzantum, and allegory in their<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_486"></a>[486]</span> hands, during the third and +fourth centuries, exhibited a much higher refinement than amongst the +degenerate Romans,—the divinity and <i>life</i> of Jesus being represented +in their paintings by a youth of godlike mien and heavenly grace, with +his foot upon the mane of a lion, whilst his <i>death</i> is still typified +by a lamb expiring at the foot of a cross, which it sprinkles with its +blood, and his <i>resurrection</i> by a phœnix, which rests upon the +summit of a palm-tree, the emblem of his <i>victory</i>.</p> + +<p>I have stated that even the <i>cross</i>, as an emblem, was admitted +"reluctantly" into the churches of the early Christians. The fact, and +the causes of this reluctance, are stated fairly by Gibbon (ch. xx.), +principally on the authorities consulted by Basnage in his <i>Histoire des +Eglises Reformes</i>, to have had their origin in the idea of infamy and +ignominy which they attached to the mode of execution by +crucifixion,—feelings analogous to those inspired by a gallows or a +gibbet; and it required a long lapse of time, even after Constantine had +abolished throughout the Roman dominions the punishment which had +prevailed for slaves and malefactors, but which the Saviour of mankind +had submitted to suffer, before the people could be led to regard as a +symbol for veneration that which had so long been an object of horror +and disgust. A most interesting account of the subsidence of this +feeling, and of its effects upon Sacred Art whilst it prevailed, will be +found in Emeric David's <i>Discours sur la Peinture Moderne</i>, p. 115. It +rendered allegory so indispensable, that in the exhaustion of fancy it +declined into conceits and puerility, which finally brought the subject +into contempt, and compelled the hierarchy to exert the influence of the +Church for its correction. This led to a measure the record of which is +strongly corroborative of the statement of Mr. Curzon; namely, that <small>A.D.</small> +692, at the Quine Sextine, or <i>Council in Trullo</i>, it was ordered that +thenceforth fiction and allegory should cease, and <i>the real figure of +the Saviour be depicted on the tree</i>. (<i>Can.</i> 82. <i>Act. Concil.</i> Paris, +1714, v. iii. col. 1691, 1692.)</p> + +<p>The Greeks complied, but with reluctance, to delineate the actual +crucifixion; and as, in the controversy which arose in the second +century, and never entirely subsided, regarding the beauty or deformity +of the Saviour's features, the Greek Church had espoused the side of St. +Basil, Tertullian, and Origen, who maintained that "he was without form +or comeliness," their artists exhibited such a spectacle of deformity on +the cross, that to the present hour a proverb compares a lean and ugly +person to "un crucifix des Grecs." The Latins and Italians, on the other +hand, whilst they were equally hostile to the literal exhibition of the +Redeemer's death, and <i>forbore for nearly a century</i> to comply with the +orders of the Council <i>in Trullo</i>, adopted, as to his beauty, the party +of Celsus and Chrysostom,—quoted the expression of David, "thou art +fairer than the children of men,"—and painted the Saviour, albeit +suspended on the fatal tree, as a youth of heavenly mien; and instead of +the crown of thorns, the lance, and the sponge, they represented him +with a diadem, and insensible to suffering or pain.</p> + +<p>These remarks, though they will no doubt be insufficient as an answer to +your correspondent, may perhaps direct him to authorities, the +consultation of which will satisfy his inquiry.</p> + + <p class="right">J. E<span class="smcap lowercase">MERSON</span> T<span class="smcap lowercase">ENNENT.</span></p> + + <p class="left">London.</p> + + + + + +<h3> +<span title="[Greek: Adelphos]">THE WORD Αδελφος<br /> +(Vol. iv., pp. 339, 458.)</span> +</h3> + + +<p>In commenting on the criticisms of J. B., may I be allowed to follow the +order of his own reasoning as much as possible?</p> + +<p>1st. I am glad to find that Scapula is right, but I must object to the +use of the participle <i>acquiescing</i>, as applied to me. My word is +"<i>de</i>duction," and is applied to a rule grounded upon Scapula's +correctness, and may, I think, settle the sense of those disputed verses +in Matt. xiii. 55, 56, to say nothing of two indisputable proofs which +might be adduced.</p> + +<p>2nd. <i>I</i> am wrong—for what? for <i>appearing</i>, in the eyes of J. B., to +have done that which I have not done,—for bringing in links of "the +Indo-Germanic languages," which I have neither done, nor can do.</p> + +<p>3rd. "The word is solely and peculiarly Greek." Let me give only one +etymon by way of preparation for my answer. Let us take the word +<i>mouse</i>. Well, it comes from the Latin <i>mus</i>, which comes, you will say, +from the Greek <span title="[Greek: mys]">μυς</span>, and there are many clever etymologists, +excepting a few, with J. B. and myself, would say, "it is solely and +peculiarly Greek;" but <i>we</i> go up to the Sanscrit (the <i>mother</i> of +European languages), and bring forward <i>mush</i>, a mouse, and here is <i>the +terminus</i>—and why? because <i>mush</i> signifies <i>to steal</i>, and therefore +sufficiently describes the nature of the little animal. Now, because we +cannot <i>find</i> an existing link between the Greek and Sanscrit, is that a +reason for asserting <span title="[Greek: adelphos]">αδελφος</span> to be of pure Greek <i>origin</i>? No; +and if J. B. will only recollect that all words in Sanscrit, excepting +bare primary roots, are compounded after the same manner as <span title="[Greek: adelphos]">αδελφος</span> +or rather <span title="[Greek: del-ph]">δελ-φ</span>, he will, I hope, find that I have +<i>not been wrong</i> in my <i>etymon</i>. Moreover, let J. B. prove, <i>if he can</i>, +what is <i>the meaning</i> of <span title="[Greek: delph]">δελφ</span> in the Greek, unaided by any +other language.</p> + +<p>4th. Why is the Sanscrit <i>bhratre</i> brought into the contest? perhaps to +prove what has not been proved, viz. that <i>it also</i> signifies <i>frater +uterinus</i>.</p> + +<p>5th. "How happened it that the word <span title="[Greek: phratr]">φρατηρ</span> + was lost in Greek?" +Why, because the Greeks thought it too <i>barbarous</i> a word to <i>own</i>, as +coming through the Latins from the barbarous Goths,<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_487"></a>[487]</span> +Scandinavians, &c.! Let us pass over irrelevant matter till we come to</p> + +<p>6th. J. B.'s authoritative rule, "that no apparent similarity between +words in the Semitic and Asian (read Sanscrit) families can be used to +establish a real identity, the two classes of language being <i>radically</i> +and fundamentally distinct." Vide <i>mouse</i>, and a hundred more roots, +that might quash this rule.</p> + +<p>To conclude, I did not introduce the Sanscrit <i>dal</i> into my former note, +because, I suppose, an idea passed through my mind that I might offend +some "<i>interesting</i> points in Greek manners."</p> + +<p>I have only one more remark to make, which is, that the Sanscrit +<i>bhra-tre</i> is a compound word like <span title="[Greek: del-phys]">δελ-φυς</span>. I will give the +full etymology of this word <i>bhra-tre</i>, to prove that J. B. has done +wrong in bringing in a word to militate against his <i>own</i> rule. Persian, +<i>bra-dar</i>; Sanscrit, <i>bhra-tre</i>; Gothic, <i>bro-thar</i>; Islandic, +<i>bro-dir</i>; German, <i>bru-der</i>; Swedish and Danish, <i>bro-der</i>; +Anglo-Saxon, <i>bro-ther</i>. Now, will J. B. prove that the Hebrew, Chaldee, +and Syriac <span title='Hebrew: bar'>בר</span>, <i>bar</i>, a son, is not connected with the Persian +and Sanscrit <i>bra</i> and <i>bhra</i>? If he does, I shall doubtless be edified.</p> + + <p class="right"> T. R. B<span class="smcap lowercase">ROWN</span>.</p> + + <p class="left"> Vicarage, Southwick, near Oundle.</p> + + + + +<h3> +<span>THE ROMAN INDEX EXPURGATORIUS OF 1607.<br /> +(Vol. iv., p. 440.)</span> +</h3> + +<p>I am happy in being able to give, I trust, a satisfactory answer to the +Query of your American correspondent U. U., respecting the original +edition of 1607.</p> + +<p>There can be no doubt that the copy in the Bodleian Library is of the +genuine edition. It was in the Library certainly before the year 1620, +as it appears in the catalogue printed in that year, and still bears the +same reference on the shelf as is there given to it, namely, 8vo. I. 32. +Theol.; and it was doubtless the copy used by Dr. James, who +superintended the forming of that catalogue, and who died only a few +months before. The title runs thus:</p> + +<div class="center"> + + <p class="noindent"> INDICIS</p> + <p class="noindent"> (red ink) LIBRORVM</p> + <p class="noindent"> (red) EXPVRGANDORVM</p> + <p class="noindent"> in studiosorum gratiam confecti.</p> + <p class="noindent"> Tomus Primus</p> + <p class="noindent"> <i>IN QVO QVINQVAGINTA AVCTORVM</i></p> + <p class="noindent"> <i>Libri pr ceteris desiderati emendantur.</i></p> + <p class="noindent"> (red ink)</p> + <p class="noindent">PER FR. IO. MARIAM BRASICHELLEN.</p> + <p class="noindent"> (red ink)</p> <p class="noindent">SACRI PALATII APOSTOLICI MAGISTRVM</p> + <p class="noindent">in vnum corpus redactus, & public</p> + <p class="noindent"> commoditati ditus</p> + <p class="noindent"> (this first word red) (this date red)</p> + <p class="noindent"> ————————————</p> + <p class="noindent">ROM, ex Typographia R. Cam. Apost. M.DC.VII.</p> + <p class="noindent"> ————————————</p> + <p class="noindent"> (the line above red)</p> + <p class="noindent"> SVPERIORVM PERMISSV.</p> + +</div> + +<p>There is a full stop at confecti, also at emendantur, and at +Brasichellen; but no stop whatever at auctorum. It extends (besides +eight leaves of title and preliminary matter) to pp. 742. On the recto +of the next and last leaf, "Series chartarum," &c., and at the bottom: +</p> + +<div class="center"> + + <p class="noindent"> ROM, M.DC.VII.</p> + <p class="noindent"> ————————————</p> + <p class="noindent"> <i>Ex Typographia Reu. Camer Apostolic.</i></p> + <p class="noindent"> ————————————</p> + <p class="noindent"> SVPERIORVM PERMISSV.</p> + +</div> + +<p>There is also in the Bodleian Library a copy of the Bergomi edition, the +title of which is as follows:</p> + +<div class="center"> + + <p class="noindent">(red ink) INDICIS</p> + <p class="noindent"> LIBRORVM</p> + <p class="noindent">(red) EXPVRGANDORVM</p> + <p class="noindent"> In studiosorum gratiam confecti</p> + <p class="noindent">(red) TOMVS PRIMVS</p> + <p class="noindent"> In quo quinquaginta Auctorum Libri pr</p> + <p class="noindent"> cteris desiderati emendantur</p> + <p class="noindent">(red) PER F. IO. MARIAM BRASICHELL.</p> + <p class="noindent"> Sacri Palatij Apost. Magistrum</p> + <p class="noindent"> <i>In vnum corpus redactus & pub. commoditati ditus.</i></p> + +</div> + +<p class="noindent">At the bottom:</p> + +<div class="center"> + + <p class="noindent">(red) ROM Prim, Deinde</p> + <p class="noindent"> <i> BERGOMI, typis Comini Ventur</i>, 1608.</p> + +</div> + +<p>This edition extends to 608 pages, in double columns, besides the +preliminary matter, consisting of four articles, of which the first in +this edition is the last in the genuine copy of 1607,—a circumstance +mentioned by Clement as peculiar to the Altdorff edition; but here the +signatures run to pages in eights, whereas the Altdorff edition "qu'ne +remplit qu'un alphabet, et seize feuilles."</p> + +<p>I have never seen a copy of the Ratisbon edition.</p> + + <p class="right"> B. B.</p> + + + +<h3> +<span class="bla">Replies to Minor Queries.</span> +</h3> + +<h4> +<span><i>Hobbes's "Leviathan"</i> </span> +<span>(Vol. iv., p. 314.).</span> +</h4> + +<p>—The meaning of the +frontispiece to the first edition of this work, is, I imagine, +sufficiently obvious. The large figure representing a commonwealth holds +in his right hand a sword, in his left a pastoral crook. He is the +emblem of a commonwealth "ecclesiastical and civil" (as the title of the +book shows us). Ranged down one side of the page, under the +sword-bearing arm, are the weapons and resources which the State +possesses. Down the other side of the page, under the protection of the +pastoral staff, is the corresponding armament of the Church. Thus, a +castle and a church, a crown<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_488"></a>[488]</span> and a mitre, a cannon and spiritual +thunderbolts, a trophy of guns and spears, &c., and one of dilemmas +(represented by a pair of bull's horns), syllogisms (made like a +three-pronged fork), and the like; these, ending with a battle on one +side, a convention of bishops on the other, show the power which (as +Hobbes would have it) each arm of the commonwealth should be able to +have at its command. The whole picture is at best an absurd conceit, and +very unworthy of the author of the <i>Leviathan</i>.</p> + + <p class="right">H. A. B.</p> + +<p>The best edition of Hobbes's works was printed 1750. The print of +<i>Leviathan</i> in it is neither like Charles nor Cromwell, of whom I have +old and good prints, and many. The print has at the bottom of it +"<i>Written</i> by Thos. Hobbs, 1651."</p> + + <p class="right">C. J. W.</p> + + + +<h4> +<span><i>Age of Trees</i></span> <span>(Vol. iv., p. 401.).</span> +</h4> + +<p>—I am rather surprised that your +correspondent L., in his enumeration of remarkable trees, and +collections of trees, in Great Britain, makes no mention, whilst on the +subject of yew, of the splendid collection of old yew trees in Kingley +Bottom, near Chichester, in Sussex. Should L. never have visited this +charming spot, and its green antiquities, I can promise him a rich treat +whenever he does so. Common report of the neighbourhood, from time +immemorial, gives these venerable trees a date as far back as the +landing of the sea-kings on the coast of Sussex; and sundry poems by +local bards have been written on this theme.</p> + +<p>On one of the most prominent of the South Down Hills, rising immediately +above the yew-tree valley, and called Bow Hill, are two large, and some +smaller tumuli, which are always called by the natives the graves of the +sea-kings, who with their followers are supposed to have fallen in a +battle fought under these very yew trees.</p> + +<p>Can anybody tell me if the age of any of these trees has ever been +ascertained? Kingley Bottom, or, as people now-a-days prefer calling it, +Kingley Vale, is so much frequented as a spot for pic-nics and festive +days, that I have no doubt many of your readers have seen the trees to +which I refer, and can bear me out in asserting that they are worthy of +ranking, in age and beauty, with any of their species in the kingdom.</p> + + <p class="right"> S<span class="smcap lowercase">CANDINAVIAN.</span></p> + +<p>The "Hethel Thorn," so well known to many Norfolk people, is on a farm +now the property of that munificent patron of historical literature, Mr. +Hudson Gurney, by whom it was purchased from Sir Thomas Beevor. The +first Sir Thomas always said it was mentioned in a deed of 1200 and odd, +as a boundary, under the appellation of "the Old Thorn." It is stated, +also, that it is mentioned in some chronicle as <i>the thorn</i> round which +a meeting of insurgent peasantry was held during the reign of King John +(can any readers of +"N<span class="smcap lowercase">OTES AND</span> Q<span class="smcap lowercase">UERIES</span>" give a reference to the precise +passage?). An etching of this interesting relic has been made by Mr. +Ninham. The involution of its branches, which are all hollow tubes, as +heavy as iron, is most curious; and although the tree is certainly +diminished of late years, it still puts out leaves and berries +vigorously.</p> + + <p class="right">W. J. T.</p> + + + +<h4> +<span><i>Treatise against Equivocation</i></span> <span>(Vol. iv., p. 419.).</span> +</h4> + +<p>—Your correspondent +E<span class="smcap lowercase">UPATOR</span> has, in his examination of the + MS. of this treatise, overlooked +a title prefixed by Garnet, which furnishes the heading by which the +book is correctly entered in the Catalogue of the Laudian MSS. as<i> A +Treatise</i> against (not <i>of</i> or <i>for</i>) <i>Lying and Fraudulent +Dissimulation</i>. "Of" was first written, but at once crossed out, and +"against" written <i>after</i> it, <i>not</i> interlined. Of the two errors which +E<span class="smcap lowercase">UPATOR</span> points out, the one was made at the press, + by failure in reading +the contraction for "verbo," which is printed correctly at length at p. 43., and +the other was a mistake on the part of the transcriber.</p> + + <p class="right"> W. D. M.</p> + + + +<h4> +<span><i>Lycian Inscriptions</i></span> <span>(Vol. iv., p. 383.).</span> +</h4> + +<p>—As to the double language in +Homer of the gods and men, Heyne and others have thought (ad <i>Il.</i> Α. 403.) +that the one was the old language, the other the modern. See +Clarke ib., who thinks one was the learned name, the other the vulgar: +but gives a scholion of the former opinion. The passages are as follow:</p> + + +<div class="poem"> + +<div class="stanza"> + +<p> <i>Il.</i> <span title="[Greek: Alpha]">Α</span> 403.</p> +<p> Gods. Briareus </p> +<p> Men. gon.</p> + +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> + +<p> <i>Il.</i> <span title="[Greek: Beta]">Β</span> 813.</p> + <p>Gods. Tomb of Myrine</p> +<p> Men. Batiea.</p> + +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> + +<p> <i>Il.</i> <span title="[Greek: Xi]">Ξ</span> 291. </p> +<p> Gods. Chalcis</p> +<p> Men. Cymindis.</p> + +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> + +<p> <i>Il.</i> <span title="[Greek: Upsilon]">Υ</span> 74.</p> +<p> Gods. Xanthus</p> +<p> Men. Scamander.</p> + +</div> + +</div> + +<p>All these words, except one, are plain Greek,—and that one is a word of +men. It is impossible, therefore, that the gods' language could have +been the antiquated Greek language.</p> + +<p>In the <i>Odyssey</i> (<span title="[Greek: Kappa]">Κ</span> 305.) Mercury says that a certain plant is called +<i>Moly</i> by the gods, and that it is very difficult for men to find. The +answer to the question, What do men call it? therefore would probably +have been, that they have no name for it at all. It is an odd word, not +easy to derive, and ending in _u_; which Aristotle says + is the ending of +only five words in Greek, and one of those, <span title="[Greek: asty]">ἄστυ</span>, was +obsolete as an appellative in Aristotle's time.</p> + +<p>Ichor, though applied in Homer to the gods, he does not say was a word +of the gods; and as it is used in Hippocrates, it is more probably a +dialectic than an antiquated word. Its termination, however is rare; and +in another instance, <span title="[Greek: tekmr]">τεκμωρ</span>, was obsolete in Aristotle's time +(<i>Rhet. init.</i>).</p> + +<p>As to the Lycian language, the alphabet is said, in the appendix to +Fellows, to resemble partly the Greek, partly the Zend, and one or two +letters the Etruscan. The language is said (ib. 430.) to resemble the +Zend more than any other known<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_489"></a>[489]</span> language; but to differ too much +to be considered as a dialect of Zend, and must rank as a separate +language.</p> + +<p>I would observe, that one of the peculiarities mentioned, as compared +with all the Indo-Germanic languages—namely, the having no consonant at +the end of the masculine or feminine accusative—existed in the old +Latin, as in the Scipionic tombs, "optimo viro, omne Loucana."</p> + +<p>Sir Edmund Head, in the <i>Classical Museum</i>, No. II., considers the +people to be the Solymi of Homer.</p> + +<p class="right">C. B.</p> + + + + +<h4> +<span><i>Alterius Orbis Papa</i></span> <span>(Vol. ii., p. 497.).</span> +</h4> + +<p>—In Twysden's <i>Historical +Vindication of the Church of England</i>, p. 22. (Cambridge edition, 1847), +I find—</p> + + <p class="blockquot"> "After the erection of Canterbury into an archbishopric, the + bishops of that see were held <i>quasi alterius orbis pap</i>, as + Urban II. styled them."</p> + +<p>In a note, William of Malmesbury (<i>De Gestis Pontif.</i>, lib. i. in +Anselm., p. 223. l. 33.) is referred to as authority for the above +statement. Urban II. was pope from 1087 to 1099.</p> + + <p class="right"> C. W. G.</p> + + + + +<h4> +<span><i>Carmagnoles</i></span> <span>(Vol. iv., p. 208.).</span> +</h4> + +<p>—Your querist W. B. H. will perhaps +accept the following partial solution of his question, which has been +communicated to me by one of your own distinguished correspondents in +France. It is contained in a little volume published by Duellersan under +the following title, <i>Chansons Nationales et Populaires de France</i>, +Paris, 1846, 32mo:</p> + + <p class="blockquot"> "Cette horrible chanson, la Carmagnole, est un monument + curieux de la folie dmagogique, et nous la donnons pour + faire voir avec quelle posie brutale on excitait le peuple. + Elle eut une vogue en Aot 1792, poque laquelle Louis XVI. + fut mis au Temple. Elle devint le signal et l'accompagnement + des joies froces et des excutions sanglantes. On dansait la + <i>Carmagnole</i> dans les bals; on la dansait au thtre et + autour de la guillotine. Barrre appelait les discours qu'il + prononait la Convention, <i>des Carmagnoles</i>. L'air, qui est + vritablement entrainant, tait jou en pas redoubl dans la + musique militaire; mais Bonaparte la dfendit, ainsi que le + <i>a-ira</i>, lors qu'il fut Consul.</p> + + <p class="blockquot"> "Cette chanson parut au moment o les troupes Franaises + venaient d'entrer triomphantes dans la Savoie et le Piemont. + On ignore si la musique et la danse de <i>la Carmagnole</i> sont + originaires de ce pays."</p> + +<p>In the month of January, 1849, the General-in-Chief of the army of +Paris, Changarnier, having taken vigorous measures to prevent new +tumults, the first verse of the original, which commences—</p> + +<div class="poem"> + + <p>"Madame Veto avait promis</p> + <p>De faire gorger tout Paris,"</p> + +</div> + +<p>was thus parodied:</p> + + <div class="poem"> + +<p>"Changarnier avait promis</p> +<p>De faire brler tout Paris," &c.</p> + +</div> + + <p class="right">P<span class="smcap lowercase">ERIERGUS</span> B<span class="smcap lowercase">IBLIOPHILUS.</span></p> + + + + +<h4> +<span><i>General James Wolfe</i></span> <span>(Vol. iv., p. 271.).</span> +</h4> + +<p>—The late Admiral Frank +Sotheron, of Kirklington Hall, near Southwell, Notts, was, I have heard, +related to Wolfe, and possessed a portrait and several letters of his. +Admiral Sotheron died some ten years ago, but his daughter (and only +child) married the present member for Wilts, who afterwards took the +name of Sotheron.</p> + + <p class="right"> J. M. W.</p> + +<p>I have a portrait of Wolfe in my possession, and, I believe, the +original from which the print, stated to be a scarce and contemporary +one, was taken, which furnishes the frontispiece to the second volume of +the <i>History of the Canadas</i>, by the author of <i>Hochelaga</i>. It fell, +singularly enough, into my hands a short time previous to the appearance +of the work in question, and I have been enabled since to trace its +possession by parties, and amongst them members of my own family, for a +very lengthened period. The artist I have not been able to discover; but +perhaps some possessor of the print, should the name appear, will afford +this information.</p> + + + <p class="right"> C. A. P.</p> + + <p class="left"> (Great Yarmouth.)</p> + +<p>As your pages have lately contained several communications on the +subject of General Wolfe, I send you the following story, which I heard +from a lady now deceased. Some time after Wolfe's death his family +wished to give some memorial of him to the lady who had been engaged to +him, and they consulted her as to the form which it should take. Her +answer was, "A diamond necklace;" and her reason, because she was going +to be married to another person, and such an ornament would be useful. +My informant, whose birth, according to the <i>Peerage</i>, was in 1766, had, +in her earlier days, often met this lady, and described her as showing +remains of beauty, but as no wiser than this anecdote would lead us to +suppose her.</p> + + <p class="right"> J. C. R.</p> + + +<h4> +<span><i>Johannes Trithemius</i></span> <span>(Vol. iv., p. 442.).</span> +</h4> + +<p>—This noted historian and +divine was born at Trittenheim, in the electorate of Treves, in 1462. He +became abbot of Spanheim about 1482, where he made a rich collection of +manuscript and printed books. In 1506 he was appointed abbot of St. +James at Wurtzbourg. His writings are numerous, and there is an ample +collection of them in the British Museum. In his <i>Nepiachus</i> he gives an +account of his life and studies. He died at Wurtzbourg in 1516. The +learned and judicious Daunou thus characterises the volume <i>De +scriptoribus ecclesiasticis</i>: "Malgr beaucoup d'omissions et d'erreurs, +ce livre a t fort utile ceux qui ont depuis mieux trait la mme +matire; on le consulte encore aujourd'hui."</p> + +<p>Leland, Bale, Pits, and Wharton, have recorded their obligations to +Trithemius. The venerable Leland quotes him frequently, under the name +of<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_490"></a>[490]</span> Trittemius, and styles him "homo diligenti plane maxim nec +minoris lectionis."</p> + + <p class="right"> B<span class="smcap lowercase">OLTON</span> C<span class="smcap lowercase">ORNEY.</span></p> + + <p class="blockquot"> "John Trytheme was a German Benedictine, and Abbot of + Hirsauge, <span class="smcap lowercase">A.D.</span> 1484. He was the author of <i>A Catalogue of + Ecclesiastical Writers</i>, several <i>Letters</i>, Treatises of + <i>Piety</i>, of <i>Doctrine</i>, and <i>Morality</i>, other historical + works, and <i>The Chronicle of Hirsauge</i>."—(See Dufresnoy's + <i>Chronological Tables</i>.)</p> + +<p>It would appear that the work <i>Trithemii Collectanea de Scriptoribus +Ecclesiasticis</i> has gone through several editions; and Walch tells us +that "inter omnes ea eminet, quam Jo. Alberto Fabricio debemus." The +following remarks also respecting Trithemius appear in Walch's +<i>Bibliotheca</i> (tom. iii. p. 389.):</p> + + <p class="blockquot">"Incipit Trithemius a Clemente Romano; recenset scriptores + 970; ac testatur, se in opere hoc conficiendo per septem fere + annorum spatium elaborasse. Possevinus, Labbeus, atque alii, + varios ejus errores chronologicos ac historicos notarunt. + Quodsi autem rationem temporis reputamus, quo Trithemius + vixit scripsitque, causa omnino est, cur eum ob errata non + reprehendamus, sed excusemus atque industriam illius + laudemus."</p> + +<p>Cave, also, in his <i>Historia Literaria</i> (part ii. p. 569.), gives us a +brief account of Trithemius, and of his literary productions.</p> + + <p class="right"> E. C. H<span class="smcap lowercase">ARRINGTON.</span></p> + + <p class="left"> The Close, Exeter.</p> + +<p>The work of John Trittenheim, <i>De Scriptoribus Ecclesiasticis</i>, is held +in high and deserved repute. (See Fabricius, <i>Biblioth. Latin. Med. +tat.</i>, iv. 451.) He died abbot of Wrtzburg, in 1518. The copy of A. W. +H. is the first edition, which was published at Mainz (Moguntia) in +1494.</p> + + <p class="right">C. H.</p> + + +<h4> +<span><i>Sir William Herschel</i></span> <span>(Vol. ii., p. 391.).</span> +</h4> + +<p>—Your correspondent gives +the quotation about the star observed in Virgo, which he supposes +identical with Neptune, quite correctly, except in one very material +point—the observer's name. The passage in question will be found in +Captain W. H. Smyth's <i>Cycle of Celestial Objects</i>, vol. ii. p. 264., +and is extracted from a letter addressed to him by M. Cacciatore of +Palermo, in 1835, many years after the death of Sir William. H. C. K. is +not the first person who has suggested the identity of the objects; but, +as pointed out by Captain Smyth in a paper on Neptune, in the <i>United +Service Journal</i> for 1847, Part II., Neptune must, in 1835, have been +fully 120 from the position assigned by Cacciatore to the star observed +by him.</p> + + <p class="right"> J. S. W<span class="smcap lowercase">ARDEN.</span></p> + + <p class="left"> Balica, Oct. 1851.</p> + + + +<h4> +<span><i>Dr. Wm. Wall</i></span> <span>(Vol. iv., p. 347.).</span> +</h4> + +<p>—Your decision to exclude any +further contributions upon the question of the "Marriage of +Ecclesiastics" is most judicious. But ought the portion of MR. HENRY +WALTER reply respecting Dr. Wall to pass unnoticed? Had the writer +referred to any of the biographical dictionaries in ordinary use, he +would have discovered that the "well-known Mr. Wall who wrote on +baptism" had conferred on him by the University of Oxford the degree of +D.D., to testify their high opinion of his writings.</p> + +<p>In addition to the Doctor's works on the baptismal controversy, two +books, which are not often met with now, were published after his death, +bearing the following titles:—</p> + + <p class="blockquot"> "Brief Critical Notes, especially on the various readings of + the New Testament Books. With a Preface concerning the Texts + cited therein from the Old Testament, as also concerning the + Use of the Septuagint Translation. By W. Wall, S.T.P., author + of the History of Infant Baptism, London, 1730." 8vo., pp. + lxiv. 415.</p> + + <p class="blockquot">"Critical Notes on the Old Testament, wherein the present + Hebrew Text is explained, and in many places amended, from + the ancient Versions, more particularly from that of the + LXXII. Drawn up in the order the several Books were written, + or may most conveniently be read. To which is prefixed a + large Introduction, adjusting the Authority of the Masoretic + Bible, and vindicating it from the objections of Mr. Whiston, + and the Author of the Grounds and Reasons of the Christian + Religion. By the late learned William Wall, D.D., Author of + the History of Infant Baptism. Now first published from his + Original Manuscript. London, 1734." 2 vols. 8vo., pp. lxi. + 307. 354. v.</p> + +<p>These are valuable works, explaining many difficult expressions.</p> + + <p class="right">J<span class="smcap lowercase">OHN</span> I. D<span class="smcap lowercase">REDGE.</span></p> + + + +<h4> +<span><i>Parish Registers</i></span> <span>(Vol. iv., p. 232.).</span> +</h4> + +<p>—J. B. is referred for the acts +of parliament relating to "Parish Registers," to Burn's <i>History of +Parish Registers</i>, 1829. This work has been out of print fifteen or +sixteen years, but may be seen in many public libraries.</p> + + <p class="right"> J. S. B.</p> + + +<h4> +<span><i>Compositions during the Protectorate</i></span> <span>(Vol. iv., p. 406.).</span> +</h4> + +<p>—W. H. L. +will probably find what he wants in a small volume, easily met with, +entitled <i>A Catalogue of the Lords, Knights, and Gentlemen that have +compounded for their Estates</i>, London, 1655, 12mo.; or another edition, +enlarged, Chester, 1733, 8vo. (See <i>Lowndes</i>, vol. i. p. 363.)</p> + + <p class="right"> H. F.</p> + + + +<h4> +<span><i>General Moyle</i></span> <span>(Vol. iv., p. 443.).</span> +</h4> + +<p>—Major General John Moyle, who died +in 1738, and was buried at Rushbrooke, near Bury St. Edmund's, was the +son of the Rev. John Moyle, of Wimborne Minster, co. Dorset, by Mary his +wife, daughter and coheir of Sir Giles Eyre, Kt., one of the Judges of +the Common Pleas. General Moyle, by his wife, who was Isabella daughter +of Sir Robert Davers, of Rushbrooke, Bart., had a family of five sons +and one daughter; the latter married Samuel Horsey, Bath king-at-arms.</p> + + <p class="right"> G. A. C.</p> + + + +<h4> +<span><i>Descendants of John of Gaunt</i></span> <span>(Vol. iv., p. 343.).</span> +</h4> + +<p>—A. B. may be right +as to there being "some<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_491"></a>[491]</span> little confusion in Burke's excellent +work." There certainly is no "<i>little</i> confusion" in A. B.'s +communication.</p> + +<p>Margaret Beaufort, successively Countess of Richmond and Derby, the +mother of King Henry VII., was the only child of John Beaufort, the +first Duke of Somerset.</p> + +<p>What can A. B. mean by "Henry, Edmund, and John, successively dukes of +Somerset," to whom he conjectures Margaret Beaufort might have been +sister? There were not three brothers Beaufort successively <i>dukes</i> of +Somerset; nor were there ever three successive dukes of Somerset named +Henry, Edmund and John; though there certainly was a succession of John, +Edmund, and Henry, they being respectively father, uncle, and cousin of +Margaret.</p> + +<p>John Beaufort, Earl of Somerset, who had been created Marquis of +Somerset and Dorset, was, on his death (1410), succeeded in the earldom +of Somerset by his eldest son, Henry Beaufort, who dying without issue +(1418), the second son, John Beaufort, succeeded to this earldom. He was +created <i>Duke</i> of Somerset (1443), and on his death without male issue +(1444), the dukedom became extinct; but the earldom of Somerset +descended to his brother, Edmund Beaufort, Marquis of Dorset (the third +son of John Beaufort, Earl of Somerset), who was afterwards (1448) +created Duke of Somerset. He was slain at the battle of St. Alban's +(1455), and was succeeded by his eldest son, Henry Beaufort, who was +beheaded in 1463. He is said to have been succeeded by his next brother, +Edmund Beaufort; but it is doubtful if the fact were so, and the better +opinion seems to be that the dukedom became extinct by the attainder of +Duke Henry in 1463.</p> + +<p>"The second and last Duke John," alluded to by A. B., is altogether a +myth: the last Beaufort Duke of Somerset was either Henry or Edmund; and +there was but one Duke John, and he was not the "second and last," but +the <i>first</i> duke.</p> + + <p class="right">C. H. C<span class="smcap lowercase">OOPER.</span></p> + + <p class="left">Cambridge.</p> + + + +<h4> +<span><i>Church of St. Bene't Fink</i></span> <span>(Vol. iv., p. 407.).</span> +</h4> + +<p>—I think some account +of the inscriptions, or of their having been transcribed, will be found +in the <i>Gentleman's Magazine</i>, as well as of those removed by the +destruction of the church of <i>St. Michael's, Crooked Lane</i>, in order to +make the approaches for new London Bridge; there, also, I think I have +seen some account of the inscriptions in the church pulled down for the +erection of the <i>Bank of England</i>. The preservation of the monumental +records of the dead has been so frequently suggested in +"N<span class="smcap lowercase">OTES AND</span> Q<span class="smcap lowercase">UERIES</span>" that I will not occupy space by urging further arguments in +favour of the scheme proposed for the transcription and preservation of +inscriptions on monuments and grave-stones. The numerous churches which, +in these days, are undergoing alterations and repairs, call for your +continued exertion to effect the object you have already submitted for +the purpose in former numbers. The ancient church of St. Mary, Lambeth, +has just been rebuilt, and many of the monumental tablets will of +necessity be removed from their former sites, and grave-stones may +disappear. The venerable <i>Ashmole</i> lies at the entrance of the old +vestry, under a flat stone; and outside, a short distance from the +window, lies <i>Tradescant</i>, under a large altar-tomb in a state of decay!</p> + + <p class="right"> G.</p> + + +<p>When the church of St. Bene't Fink was pulled down, to make room for the +new Royal Exchange in 1844, the monumental tablets, &c. were removed to +the church of St. Peter's-le-Poor in Old Broad Street, to which Parish +the former is now annexed.</p> + + <p class="right">J. R. W.</p> + + <p class="left"> Bristol.</p> + + + +<h4> +<span><i>Coins of Vabalathus</i></span> <span>(Vol. iv., pp. 255, 427.).</span> +</h4> + +<p>—An article on the +coins of the Zenobia family appeared in the <i>Revue Numismatique</i>, 1846, +vol. xi. p. 268. The writer of that article says—</p> + + <p class="blockquot">"Il est impossible de rendre compte du mot +<span title="[Greek: SRIAS]">ϹΡΩΙΑϹ</span> + ou <span title="[Greek: SRIAS]">ϹΡΙΑϹ</span>, qui prcde, sur quelques pices, le nom + de <i>Vabalathus</i>. La mme observation s'applique aux mdailles + Latines du mme prince, dont le nom est suivi d'un certain + nombre de lettres, <span class="strong1">VCRIMDR</span> ou <span class="strong1">VCRIIVID</span> auxquelles on s'est + efforc inutilement de trouver un sens."</p> + + <p class="right"> W. W.</p> + + + +<h4> +<span><i>Engraved Portrait</i></span> <span>(Vol. iv., p. 443).</span> +</h4> + +<p>—This is the portrait of Daniel +De Foe, and was engraved by W. Sherwin. The verses underneath are—</p> + + <div class="poem"> + +<p>"Here you may see an honest face,</p> +<p>Arm'd against Envy and Disgrace,</p> +<p>Who lives respected still in spite</p> +<p> Of those that punish them that write."</p> + +</div> + +<p class="noindent">It is mentioned in <i>The Catalogue of English Heads</i>, by Jos. Ames, p. +57.</p> + + <p class="right">J<span class="smcap lowercase">OHN</span> I. D<span class="smcap lowercase">REDGE.</span></p> + + + + +<h4> +<span>"<i>Cleanliness is next to godliness</i>" </span> +<span>(Vol. iv., p. 256.).</span> +</h4> + +<p>—The author of +the Epistle to the Hebrews says (ch. x. v. 22.):</p> + + <p class="blockquot"> "Let us draw near with a true heart, in full assurance of + faith, having our hearts sprinkled from an evil conscience, + and our bodies washed with pure water."</p> + +<p>It has long been my opinion that the proverb in question arose from the +above text, in which <i>a pure conscience</i>, a necessary condition of +<i>godliness</i>, is immediately followed by an injunction to <i>cleanliness</i>.</p> + + <p class="right"> H. T.</p> + + +<h4> +<span><i>Cozens the Painter</i></span> +<span>(Vol. iv., p. 368.).</span> +</h4> + +<p>—I would refer your +correspondent, for the few particulars known of him, to Edwards's +<i>Anecdotes of Painting</i>, 1808 (in continuation of Horace Walpole's +<i>Anecdotes</i>), p. 120.</p> + +<p>Cozens's<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_492"></a>[492]</span> chief patrons were Wm. Beckford, Esq., of Fonthill; G. Baker, +of St. Paul's Churchyard; John Hawkins, Esq., of Bognor; and the Earl of +Harewood (of his time). If your correspondent wishes to see some few +fine specimens of his works, Mr. George Smith, of Hamilton Terrace, and +Charles Sackwille Bale, Esq., of Cambridge Terrace, possess some very +fine ones. Mr. J. Heywood Hawkins has at Bognor his father's collection.</p> + +<p>Cozens's fine drawings are very uncommon, and he is now little known, +though one of the fathers of the Water-Colour School, and of the highest +ability. I am not aware of any published portrait of him: your +correspondent's portrait of him by Pine is therefore interesting. Pine +was Cozens's mother's brother.</p> + + <p class="right">F<span class="smcap lowercase">RANCIS</span> G<span class="smcap lowercase">RAVES.</span></p> + +<p>In addition to the opinion ascribed to Mr. Turner, it may be mentioned +that the late John Constable, R.A., spoke of Cozens as "<i>the</i> greatest +of landscape-painters." I cannot at present give a reference to Leslie's +<i>Life of Constable</i>, but am sure that this saying occurs there more than +once.</p> + + <p class="right">J. C. R.</p> + + +<h4> +<span><i>Whig and Tory</i></span> + <span>(Vol. iv., pp. 57. 281.).</span> +</h4> + +<p>—In addition to what has +appeared in +"N<span class="smcap lowercase">OTES AND</span> Q<span class="smcap lowercase">UERIES</span>" respecting + the etymology of these terms, I send you a note of what Lingard says on the matter:</p> + +<p class="blockquot"> "The celebrated party name <i>Tory</i> is derived from + <i>toringhim</i>, to pursue for the sake of plunder. The name was + given to certain parties in Ireland, who, refusing to submit + to Cromwell, retired into bogs and fastnesses, formed bodies + of armed men, supporting themselves and their followers by + the depredations which they committed on the occupiers of + their estates. They were called <i>Raperees</i> and <i>Tories</i>."</p> + +<p class="blockquot"> "It was during the reign of Charles II. that the appellations + of <i>Whig</i> and <i>Tory</i> became permanently affixed to the two + great political parties.... The first had long been given to + the Covenanters on the west of Scotland, and was supposed to + convey a charge of seditious and anti-monarchical + principles...."</p> + + <p class="right">P<span class="smcap lowercase">HILIP</span> S. K<span class="smcap lowercase">ING.</span></p> + + + +<h4> +<span><i>Prince Rupert's Drops</i></span> +<span>(Vol. iv., pp. 234. 274.).</span> +</h4> + +<p>—In your reply to the +Query respecting these drops, you state that it is not certain in what +country they were invented; I may therefore mention that the French call +them <i>larmes Bataviques</i>, from the circumstance of their being made in +Holland; from whence some were sent to Paris in 1656, to the Swedish +minister there, M. Chanut.</p> + + <p class="right">P<span class="smcap lowercase">HILIP</span> S. K<span class="smcap lowercase">ING.</span></p> + + +<h4> +<span><i>Deep Well near Bansted Downs</i></span> <span>(Vol. iv., p. 315.).</span> +</h4> + +<p>—I am well +acquainted with the country immediately south of the Bansted Downs, and +can give W. S. G. some information about the wells there.</p> + +<p>I know no country where there is so great a scarcity of water. The +nearest stream is a small branch of the Mole, which has its rise some +three miles off, just beyond Merstham (pronounced "Meestrum"). The ponds +are very few and shallow, so that the inhabitants have to rely on wells +for their water. Wells, however, are an expensive luxury, and appertain +only to the better-most dwellings. I know several labourers' cottages +distant upwards of a mile from the nearest well or pond; they use what +water they catch, and when that is gone, shift as they best can,—most +commonly do without. This scarcity of water may be the reason why a +district within fifteen miles of London is so thinly populated.</p> + +<p>The country is very hilly, and even the valleys are some height above +the level of London. Woodmansterne is said to be the highest point in +Surrey next to Leith Hill.</p> + +<p>Most of the farm-houses and superior cottages have wells, and many of +these are of considerable depth. There is one just at the foot of +Bansted Downs (and consequently in the valley), which is 120 feet deep. +After a dry summer this well is very low, and after a second quite +empty. This is about the general depth of the valley wells. There is one +in the railway valley, below Chipsted Church, some 100 feet deep; I have +never known it dry. Within a stone's throw of this last, the London and +Brighton railway runs in a very deep cutting,—I have been told the +deepest railway cutting in England,—and great fears were entertained +that this deep cutting would drain this and several neighbouring wells. +The only way, however, in which the railway affected the wells, was to +cut right through one, parts of which may still be seen in the +embankment.</p> + +<p>It is not always the case that a deep well will drain its shallow +neighbours. At the Feathers Inn, at Merstham, is a well cut in the solid +chalk, 160 feet deep; this was quite out the other day, while two or +three wells not fifty yards off, each thirty feet deep, had plenty of +water.</p> + +<p>Of course the wells on the hills are much deeper than those in the +valleys. At a farm called Wood Place, some three miles from Bansted, is +a well 365 feet deep; it is never actually out of water; four pair of +hands are needed to raise the bucket.</p> + +<p>At a farm called Portnals, about a mile from Bansted, is the deepest +well I know in these parts; a horse is required to draw the water. It is +some 460 feet, and, I have been told, generally somewhat low. All these +wells are, I believe, in the chalk.</p> + +<p>In this part of Surrey are some wells said to be 500, 600, or even 700 +feet deep.</p> + +<p>W. S. G. may find some resemblance between the above and the one he +wants, else there is no truth in a well.</p> + +<p>I fear I am taking more of your space than my<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_493"></a>[493]</span> subject merits. I +will therefore briefly conclude with a Query.</p> + +<p>Where are the deepest wells in England?</p> + + <p class="right">P. M. M.</p> + + + + +<h4> +<span><i>Mrs. Mary Anne Clarke</i></span> + <span>(Vol. iv., p. 396.).</span> +</h4> + +<p>—Is Mrs. Mary Anne Clarke +really dead?</p> + +<p>She was alive two years since, and was then living with her son, Colonel +Clarke, somewhere on the Continent. Colonel Clarke is an officer of the +line, and is universally respected.</p> + +<p>I obtained the above information from a friend and brother officer of +the Colonel.</p> + + <p class="right">F<span class="smcap lowercase">M</span>.</p> + + + + +<h4> +<span><i>Upton Court</i></span> +<span>(Vol. iv., p. 315.).</span> +</h4> + +<p>—My friend Miss Mitford gives a most +interesting account of Upton Court in the <i>Ladies' Companion</i> for August +1850, which, as I know the place well, I believe to be perfectly +correct. A short extract may not be unwelcome:</p> + + <p class="blockquot">"Fifty years ago a Catholic priest was the sole inhabitant of + this interesting mansion. His friend, the late Mrs. Lenoir, + Christopher Smart's daughter, whose books, when taken up, one + does not care to put down again, wrote some verses to the + great oak. Her nieces, whom I am proud to call my friends, + possess many reliques of that lovely Arabella Fermor of whom + Pope, in the charming dedication to the most charming of his + poems, said that 'the character of Belinda, as it was now + managed, resembled her in nothing but beauty.'</p> + + <p class="blockquot">"Amongst these reliques are her rosary, and a portrait, taken + when she was twelve or thirteen years of age. The face is + most interesting: a high, broad forehead; dark eyes, richly + fringed and deeply set; a straight nose, pouting lips, and a + short chin finely rounded. The dress is dark and graceful, + with a little white turned back about the neck and the loose + sleeves. Altogether I never saw a more charming girlish + portrait, with so much of present beauty and so true a + promise of more,—of that order, too, high and intellectual, + which great poets love. Her last surviving son died childless + in 1769, and the estate passed into another family.</p> + + <p class="blockquot">"Yet another interest belongs to Upton; not indeed to the + Court, but to the Rectory. Poor Blanco White wrote under that + roof his first work, the well-known <i>Doblado's Letters</i>; and + the late excellent rector, Mr. Bishop, in common with the no + less excellent Lord Holland and Archbishop Whately, remained, + through all that tried and alienated other hearts, his fast + friend to his last hour."</p> + +<p>The portrait of Arabella Fermor is in Reading, purchased at a sale at +Upton Court many years ago, when the property changed hands.</p> + + <p class="right">J<span class="smcap lowercase">ULIA</span> R. B<span class="smcap lowercase">OCKETT</span>.</p> + + <p class="left">Southcote Lodge.</p> + + + + +<h2> +<span class="bla">Miscellaneous.</span> +</h2> + +<h3> +<span>NOTES ON BOOKS, SALES, CATALOGUES, ETC.</span> +</h3> + +<p>Of the value of broadsides, flying sheets, political squibs, +popular ballads, &c. few can doubt; while the advantage of +having these snatches of popular literature, when collected, +deposited in some public and easily accessible library, will +be readily admitted by all who may have had occasion to +trespass on the time and attention (readily as they may be +afforded to parties entitled to claim them), of the Master +and Fellows of Magdalene, when requiring to consult the +matchless collection of ballads, penny merriments, and chap +books, deposited in their library by Samuel Pepys. These +remarks have been suggested to us by a very handsome quarto +volume entitled <i>Catalogue of Proclamations, Broadsides, +Ballads, and Poems presented to the Chetham Library</i>, by J. +O. Halliwell, Esq. As this catalogue is limited to one +hundred copies, and has been printed for private circulation +only, we must confine ourselves to announcing that it +contains an enumeration of upwards of three thousand +documents of the classes specified, many of them of very +considerable interest, which the zeal of Mr. Halliwell has +enabled him to gather together, and which his liberality has +led him to deposit in the Chetham Library. We have marked +several articles to which we propose to call the attention of +our readers at some future moment; and we have no doubt that +the Halliwell Collection in the Chetham Library, is one which +will hereafter be frequently referred to, and consulted by, +literary men.</p> + +<p>If the Popular Mythology of these islands is ever to be fitly +recorded, its most important illustration will be found in +the writings of Grimm and his fellow-labourers. How zealously +they are pursuing their search after the scattered fragments +of the great mythological system which once prevailed in +Germany is shown by a new contribution to its history, which +has just been published by J. W. Wolf, under the title of +<i>Beitrge zur Deutschen Mythologie</i>: I. <i>Gtter und +Gttinnen</i>. In this volume the reader will find not only much +that is new and interesting in connection with the history of +the great mythic heroes and heroines, but very valuable +supplements on the subject of Superstitions and Popular +Charms.</p> + +<p>Mr. D'Alton, the author of <i>The History of Drogheda</i>, is +about to dispose of his Historical, Topographical, and +Genealogical MS. Collections. They occupy upwards of 200 +volumes, and comprise, on the plan of Watt's <i>Bibliotheca</i>, +copious references to, and extracts from Records, Registries, +Pleadings, Wills, Funeral Monuments, and Manuscript +Pedigrees. They are to be sold wholly, or in lots, as +classified at the commencement of Mr. D'Alton's <i>Annals of +Boyle</i>.</p> + +<p>Messrs. Ellis and Son, watchmakers, of Exeter, have published +a very interesting <i>Map showing the Time kept by Public +Clocks in various Towns in Great Britain</i>. Among many other +curious notes which may be made on this subject, we may +mention that it is Sunday in Inverness and Glasgow nearly +seventeen minutes earlier than at Plymouth; and it will be +1852 in Liverpool eleven minutes before it will be so in +Bristol.</p> + +<p>Messrs. Cook and Hockin, of 289. Strand, have prepared a +cheap, but very complete Chemical Chest, to accompany +<i>Stockhardt's Principles of Chemistry illustrated by Simple +Experiments</i>, recently published by Bohn in his<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_494"></a>[494]</span> <i>Scientific +Library</i>.</p> + + + + +<h3> +<span>BOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES<br /> +WANTED TO PURCHASE.</span> +</h3> + +<p class="indh">T<span class="smcap lowercase">IMES</span> N<span class="smcap lowercase">EWSPAPER</span>, 1835 to 1840, or any of those years, in Vols. +or Numbers</p> + +<p class="indh">F<span class="smcap lowercase">SSLEIN</span>, J<span class="smcap lowercase">OH</span>. C<span class="smcap lowercase">ONRAD</span>, B<span class="smcap lowercase">EYTRAGE ZUR</span> E<span class="smcap lowercase">RLUTERUNG DER</span> +K<span class="smcap lowercase">IRCHEN</span>-R<span class="smcap lowercase">EFORMATIONS</span>-G<span class="smcap lowercase">ESCHICHTE DES</span> S<span class="smcap lowercase">CHWEITZERLANDES</span>. 5 Vols. Zurich, +1741.</p> + +<p class="indh">T<span class="smcap lowercase">HE</span> C<span class="smcap lowercase">OMPLAYNT OF </span>S<span class="smcap lowercase">COTLAND</span>. 7<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i> will be given for a +good complete copy.</p> + +<p class="indh">S<span class="smcap lowercase">OUTHEY</span>'<span class="smcap lowercase">S</span> E<span class="smcap lowercase">DITION OF</span> C<span class="smcap lowercase">OWPER</span>. Vols. X. XII. XIII. XIV.</p> + +<p class="indh">J<span class="smcap lowercase">OURNAL OF THE</span> G<span class="smcap lowercase">EOLOGICAL</span> S<span class="smcap lowercase">OCIETY OF </span>D<span class="smcap lowercase">UBLIN</span>. Vol. I. Part I. (Several +copies are wanted, and it is believed that many are lying in London or +Dublin.)</p> + +<p class="indh">M<span class="smcap lowercase">ITFORD</span>'<span class="smcap lowercase">S </span>H<span class="smcap lowercase">ISTORY OF</span> G<span class="smcap lowercase">REECE</span>. Vol. VI. Cadell, 1822. 8vo.</p> + +<p class="indh">W<span class="smcap lowercase">ILLIS</span>'<span class="smcap lowercase">S</span> A<span class="smcap lowercase">RCHITECTURE OF THE</span> M<span class="smcap lowercase">IDDLE</span> A<span class="smcap lowercase">GES</span>. 15<i>s.</i> will be given for a +copy.</p> + +<p class="indh">F<span class="smcap lowercase">LUDD</span> (R<span class="smcap lowercase">OBERT</span>, M.D.) <i>alias</i> D<span class="smcap lowercase">E</span> F<span class="smcap lowercase">LUCTIBUS</span>, called the Searcher. 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Gresham +Street West, and all Booksellers.</p> + +</div> + +<div class="boxad"> + + <p class="center">On the 1st of January, Part I. price 4<i>s.</i> of</p> + + <p class="center">A DICTIONARY OF</p> + + <p class="center2">GREEK AND ROMAN GEOGRAPHY.</p> + + <p class="center smaller">BY VARIOUS WRITERS.</p> + + <p class="center">Illustrated with Coins, Plans of Cities, Districts and +Battles, &c.</p> + + <p class="center"> EDITED BY</p> + + <p class="center">WILLIAM SMITH, LL.D.,</p> + + <p class="center">Editor of the Dictionaries of "Greek and Roman Antiquities," and of + "Biography and Mythology."</p> + +<p>Although for the sake of uniformity, it is called a Dictionary of +<i>Greek</i> and <i>Roman</i> Geography, it will be in reality a Dictionary of +<i>Ancient</i> Geography, including even Scriptural Names. At present there +does not exist, either in the English or in the German languages, any +work on Ancient Geography sufficiently comprehensive and accurate to +satisfy the demands of modern scholarship. And yet there are few +subjects connected with antiquity for which we have such ample +materials. The discoveries of modern travellers, as well as the +researches of modern scholars, have, within the last few years, added +greatly to our knowledge of Ancient Geography; and it will be the aim of +the Editor to present, in the present work, the results of their labours +in this important branch of Classical Antiquity.</p> + +<p>The work will, of course, not be confined to a barren description of the +geography of countries and of the sites of places; but it will also +include an account of the political history, both of countries and of +cities. An attempt will likewise be made to trace, as far as possible, +the history of the more important buildings of the cities, and to give +an account of their present condition, wherever they still exist.</p> + +<p class="center"><span class="topnum">*</span><span class="botnum">*</span><span class="topnum">*</span> To appear in Quarterly Parts, and to form One Volume, Medium 8vo.</p> + + <p class="indh"> London: TAYLOR, WALTON, and MABERLY, 28. Upper Gower Street, + and 27. Ivy Lane, Paternoster Row; and JOHN MURRAY, Albemarle + Street.</p> + +</div> + + +<div class="boxad"> + + <p class="center">BEATSON'S POLITICAL INDEX MODERNISED.</p> + +<p class="center"> Just published, in 8vo., price 25<i>s.</i> half-bound,</p> + + +<p class="noindent cap">HAYDN'S BOOK OF DIGNITIES: Containing Rolls of the Official Personages +of the British Empire, Civil, Ecclesiastical, Judicial, Military, Naval, +and Municipal, from the Earliest Periods to the Present Time; compiled +chiefly from the Records of the Public Offices. Together with the +Sovereigns of Europe, from the Foundation of their respective States; +the Peerage of England and of Great Britain; and numerous other Lists.</p> + +<p class="blockquot"> "It is impossible to speak too highly of this stupendous + repository of historical information."—<i>John Bull.</i></p> + +<p class="blockquot">"We should find it difficult to speak too highly of a vast + labour of this kind, so useful in the benefits it extends to + others, so modest in the praise it challenges for + itself."—<i>Examiner.</i></p> + +<p class="blockquot"> "It is difficult to exaggerate the usefulness of a + compilation like this. To all public and official men, and to + others engaged in various branches of historical research, it + will be a book of constant reference."—<i>Morning Post.</i></p> + +<p class="blockquot">"The 'Book of Dignities' will become a necessary volume in + all public offices, and will be found in most libraries a + valuable book of reference, in affording information of a + kind not elsewhere collected together, while it may be relied + on as recent and authentic."—<i>Literary Gazette.</i></p> + + <p class="center">London: LONGMAN, BROWN, GREEN, and LONGMANS.</p> + +</div> + + +<div class="boxad"> + +<p class="center1"> Valuable and Curious Library of the late Edward Drummond Hay, Esq.</p> + +<p class="noindent cap">MESSRS. S. LEIGH SOTHEBY & + JOHN WILKINSON, Auctioneers of Literary +Property and Works illustrative of the Fine Arts, will SELL by AUCTION, +at their House, 3. Wellington Street, Strand, on MONDAY, December 22d., +1851, and following Day, at 1 o'Clock precisely, a very Valuable +Collection of Books, including the Second Portion of the Library of the +late Edward Drummond Hay, Esq., comprising numerous Rare and Curious +Articles in Theological and Historical Literature, Works relating to the +early History of America, curious Voyages and Travels, Old Poetry, &c., +and containing, among others of importance, Capt. (John) Davis's Worldes +Hydrographical Description, 1595, containing his Three Voyages to the +Northern Ocean, the Presentation Copy to Prince Henry, with Autograph +Note of the Writer; De Bry's Voyages, Three Parts, 1590-2, the Plates +finished in Gold and Silver, for the purpose of Presentation; a large +Copy of T. Coryate's Crudities, 1611, with his Crambe and Odcombian +Banquet: Rare Pieces, by Nicolas Breton, Tom Nash, John Heywood, Geo. +Whetstone, &c. Also, Copies of King Edward VI.'s (1549 and 1552) and +Queen Elizabeth's Editions of the Prayer-Book, 1559; with other +Interesting Books in Black Letter. Sets of the Historical Society and +the Parker Society Publications, &c.</p> + + <p class="center">May be viewed two days prior, and Catalogues had of</p> + +<p class="indh">MESSRS. PARKER, Oxford; DEIGHTON, Cambridge; LANGBRIDGE, + Birmingham; HODGES and SMITH, Dublin; BLACKWOOD, Edinburgh; + and at the place of Sale. If in the country, on receipt of + four postage stamps.</p> + +</div> + + +<div class="boxad"> + +<p class="center2"> H. NOEL HUMPHREYS' NEW WORK.</p> + +<p class="center">Now ready, in super-royal 8vo., price 28<i>s.</i> handsomely bound in cloth, + gilt edges, with 12 beautiful Chromo-lithographic illustrations, &c.</p> + +<p class="noindent cap">TEN CENTURIES OF ART; its Progress in Europe from the Ninth to the +Nineteenth Century; with a Glance at the Artistic Productions of +Classical Antiquity, and Considerations on the probable influence of the +Great Exhibition, and on the present state and future prospects of Art +in Great Britain. By H. NOEL HUMPHREYS.</p> + +<p class="center"> By the same Author,</p> + +<p>ANCIENT COINS AND MEDALS, with numerous Examples of Rare and exquisite +Greek and Roman Coins executed in actual Relief, and in their respective +Medals. Second Edition. Price 25<i>s.</i> bound.</p> + + <p class="center">GRANT & GRIFFITH, corner of St. Paul's Churchyard.</p> +</div> + + +<div class="boxad"> + +<p class="center"> Just published, Fcap. 8vo. +cloth, price 6<i>s.</i></p> + +<p class="noindent cap">SERMONS on the DOCTRINES and MEANS of GRACE, and +on the Seven Words from +the Cross. By GEORGE TREVOR, M.A., Canon of York.</p> + +<p class="center">London: GEORGE BELL, 186. Fleet Street.</p> + +</div> + + + + +<div class="boxad"> + +<p class="noindent cap">THE QUARTERLY REVIEW. No. CLXXIX. ADVERTISEMENTS and BILLS for the +forthcoming Number must be forwarded to the Publisher by the 22nd +instant.</p> + + <p class="center">JOHN MURRAY, Albemarle Street.</p> + +</div> + + +<div class="boxad"> + + <p class="center">Nearly ready in 1 vol. post 8vo., illustrated with Maps.</p> + +<p class="noindent cap">INDIA IN GREECE, or <span class="extended">TRUTH in MYTHOLOGY,</span> by E. POCOCKE, Esq. This work, +containing the earliest History of Greece drawn from original sources, +treats of the Colonization of that Country from North Western India; of +the Buddhistic Propaganda, the Tartarian Mission, and the Wars of the +Grand Lama in Hellas. Corresponding Maps of India and Greece, exhibit +the exact parent tribes and districts of the latter country—in Cashmir, +Thibet, Tartary, Afghanistan, and North Western India. This geographical +basis leads the way to a thorough revision of Early Hellenic History, +whereby the Cyclopes, Autochthones, Erectheus, Cecrops, Corybantes, +Cabeiri, and a long list of mythologic agents are at once placed in the +category of History. This work, equally adapted to the general reader +and the scholar, corroborates in the most interesting way the Scriptural +Accounts of the Hebrew Settlements of the Children of Israel in +Palestine, and demonstrates their wars with the Tartar and Rajpoot +tribes of that country.</p> + + <p class="center">JOHN J. GRIFFIN & CO., 53. Baker Street, London.</p> + + <p class="center"> RICHARD GRIFFIN & CO., Glasgow.</p> + +</div> + + +<div class="boxad"> + + <p class="center"> This day, Octavo, 10<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i></p> + +<p class="noindent cap">MANUAL OF GEOGRAPHICAL + SCIENCE. + Edited by the Rev. C. G. NICOLAY, +F.R.G.S. Part the First, containing</p> + +<p>MATHEMATICAL GEOGRAPHY, by M. O'BRIEN, M.A., F.R.S., Professor of +Natural Philosophy and Astronomy in King's College, London.</p> + +<p>PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY, by D. T. ANSTED, M.A., F.R.S., Professor of Geology +in King's College, London.</p> + +<p>CHARTOGRAPHY, by J. R. JACKSON, F.R.S., late Secretary of the Royal +Geographical Society.</p> + +<p>THEORY OF DESCRIPTION AND GEOGRAPHICAL TERMINOLOGY, by Rev. C. G. +NICOLAY, F.R.G.S., Librarian of King's College, London.</p> + +<p class="center"> Also (to accompany the "Manual of Geographical Science"), 5<i>s.</i></p> + +<p>ATLAS OF PHYSICAL AND HISTORICAL GEOGRAPHY. Engraved by J. W. LOWRY, +under the direction of Professor ANSTED and Rev. C. G. NICOLAY.</p> + +<p class="center"> London: JOHN W. PARKER & SON, West Strand.</p> + +</div> + + +<div class="boxad"> + +<p class="noindent cap">THE BEST IS THE CHEAPEST.</p> + +<table summary="PHILLIPS Tea Pricelist"> + +<tr><td class="tdleft"></td><td class="tdleft">The Best Congou Tea</td><td class="tdleft">3<i>s.</i> 8<i>d.</i></td><td class="tdleft">per lb.</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tdleft"></td><td class="tdleft">The Best Souchong Tea</td><td class="tdleft">4<i>s.</i> 4<i>d.</i></td><td class="tdleft"> "</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tdleft"></td><td class="tdleft">The Best Gunpowder Tea</td><td class="tdleft">5<i>s.</i> 8<i>d.</i></td><td class="tdleft"> "</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tdleft"></td><td class="tdleft">The Best Old Mocha Coffee</td><td class="tdleft">1<i>s.</i> 4<i>d.</i></td><td class="tdleft"> "</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tdleft"></td><td class="tdleft">The Best West India Coffee</td><td class="tdleft">1<i>s.</i> 4<i>d.</i></td><td class="tdleft"> "</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tdleft"></td><td class="tdleft">The Fine True Ripe Rich<br />Rare Souchong Tea </td><td class="tdleft">4<i>s.</i> 0<i>d.</i></td><td class="tdleft"> "</td></tr> + +</table> + +<p>40<i>s.</i> worth or upwards sent CARRIAGE FREE to any part of England by</p> + +<p class="center"> PHILLIPS & CO., TEA MERCHANTS,</p> + +<p class="center">No. 8. King William Street, City, London.</p> + +</div> + + + +<p class="indh"> Printed by T<span class="smcap lowercase">HOMAS</span> C<span class="smcap lowercase">LARK</span> S<span class="smcap lowercase">HAW</span>, of No. 8. New Street Square, at + No. 5. New Street Square, in the Parish of St. Bride, in the + City of London; and published by G<span class="smcap lowercase">EORGE</span> B<span class="smcap lowercase">ELL</span>, of No. 186. + Fleet Street, in the Parish of St. Dunstan in the West, in + the City of London, Publisher, at No. 186. Fleet Street + aforesaid.—Saturday, December 20. 1851.</p> + + + +<div class="tnbox"> + +<p class="noindent">Transcriber's Note: Ϲ (Greek Capital Lunate Sigma Symbol) rather + than Σ has been used in some words to reproduce the characters exactly. Original + spelling variations have not been standardized.</p> + +</div> + + + +<div class="tnbox2"> + +<p class="indh"><a id="pageslist1"></a><a title="Return to top" href="#was_added1"> Pages + in "Notes and Queries", Vol. I-IV</a> </p> + +</div> + +<div class="tnbox2"> + +<p class="noindent"> Vol. I No. 1 November 3, 1849. Pages 1 - 17 PG # 8603 </p> + +<p class="noindent"> Vol. I No. 2 November 10, 1849. Pages 18 - 32 PG # 11265 </p> +<p class="noindent"> Vol. I No. 3 November 17, 1849. Pages 33 - 46 PG # 11577 </p> + +<p class="noindent"> Vol. I No. 4 November 24, 1849. Pages 49 - 63 PG # 13513 </p> + +</div> + + +<div class="tnbox2"> + +<p class="noindent"> Vol. I No. 5 December 1, 1849. Pages 65 - 80 PG # 11636 </p> + +<p class="noindent"> Vol. I No. 6 December 8, 1849. Pages 81 - 95 PG # 13550 </p> +<p class="noindent"> Vol. I No. 7 December 15, 1849. Pages 97 - 112 PG # 11651 </p> + +<p class="noindent"> Vol. I No. 8 December 22, 1849. Pages 113 - 128 PG # 11652 </p> +<p class="noindent"> Vol. I No. 9 December 29, 1849. Pages 130 - 144 PG # 13521 </p> +</div> + +<div class="tnbox2"> + +<p class="noindent"> Vol. I No. 10 January 5, 1850. Pages 145 - 160 PG # </p> +<p class="noindent"> Vol. I No. 11 January 12, 1850. Pages 161 - 176 PG # 11653 </p> +<p class="noindent"> Vol. I No. 12 January 19, 1850. Pages 177 - 192 PG # 11575 </p> + +<p class="noindent"> Vol. I No. 13 January 26, 1850. Pages 193 - 208 PG # 11707 </p> +</div> + +<div class="tnbox2"> + +<p class="noindent"> Vol. I No. 14 February 2, 1850. Pages 209 - 224 PG # 13558 </p> +<p class="noindent"> Vol. I No. 15 February 9, 1850. Pages 225 - 238 PG # 11929 </p> +<p class="noindent"> Vol. I No. 16 February 16, 1850. Pages 241 - 256 PG # 16193 </p> + +<p class="noindent"> Vol. I No. 17 February 23, 1850. Pages 257 - 271 PG # 12018 </p> + +</div> + +<div class="tnbox2"> + +<p class="noindent"> Vol. I No. 18 March 2, 1850. Pages 273 - 288 PG # 13544 </p> +<p class="noindent"> Vol. I No. 19 March 9, 1850. Pages 289 - 309 PG # 13638 </p> +<p class="noindent"> Vol. I No. 20 March 16, 1850. Pages 313 - 328 PG # 16409 </p> + +<p class="noindent"> Vol. I No. 21 March 23, 1850. Pages 329 - 343 PG # 11958 </p> + +<p class="noindent"> Vol. I No. 22 March 30, 1850. Pages 345 - 359 PG # 12198 </p> +</div> + +<div class="tnbox2"> + +<p class="noindent"> Vol. I No. 23 April 6, 1850. Pages 361 - 376 PG # 12505 </p> +<p class="noindent"> Vol. I No. 24 April 13, 1850. Pages 377 - 392 PG # 13925 </p> + +<p class="noindent"> Vol. I No. 25 April 20, 1850. Pages 393 - 408 PG # 13747 </p> +<p class="noindent"> Vol. I No. 26 April 27, 1850. Pages 409 - 423 PG # 13822 </p> + +</div> + +<div class="tnbox2"> + +<p class="noindent"> Vol. I No. 27 May 4, 1850. Pages 425 - 447 PG # 13712 </p> +<p class="noindent"> Vol. I No. 28 May 11, 1850. Pages 449 - 463 PG # 13684 </p> + +<p class="noindent"> Vol. I No. 29 May 18, 1850. Pages 465 - 479 PG # 15197 </p> +<p class="noindent"> Vol. I No. 30 May 25, 1850. Pages 481 - 495 PG # 13713 </p> + +</div> + +<div class="tnbox2"> + +<p class="noindent"> Notes and Queries Vol. II. </p> + +<p class="noindent"> Vol., No., Date, Year, Pages, PG # </p> + +</div> + +<div class="tnbox2"> + +<p class="noindent"> Vol. II No. 31 June 1, 1850. Pages 1- 15 PG # 12589 </p> + +<p class="noindent"> Vol. II No. 32 June 8, 1850. Pages 17- 32 PG # 15996 </p> +<p class="noindent"> Vol. II No. 33 June 15, 1850. Pages 33- 48 PG # 26121 </p> +<p class="noindent"> Vol. II No. 34 June 22, 1850. Pages 49- 64 PG # 22127 </p> + +<p class="noindent"> Vol. II No. 35 June 29, 1850. Pages 65- 79 PG # 22126 </p> +</div> + +<div class="tnbox2"> + +<p class="noindent"> Vol. II No. 36 July 6, 1850. Pages 81- 96 PG # 13361 </p> + +<p class="noindent"> Vol. II No. 37 July 13, 1850. Pages 97-112 PG # 13729 </p> +<p class="noindent"> Vol. II No. 38 July 20, 1850. Pages 113-128 PG # 13362 </p> + +<p class="noindent"> Vol. II No. 39 July 27, 1850. Pages 129-143 PG # 13736 </p> +</div> + +<div class="tnbox2"> + +<p class="noindent"> Vol. II No. 40 August 3, 1850. Pages 145-159 PG # 13389 </p> +<p class="noindent"> Vol. II No. 41 August 10, 1850. Pages 161-176 PG # 13393 </p> + +<p class="noindent"> Vol. II No. 42 August 17, 1850. Pages 177-191 PG # 13411 </p> + +<p class="noindent"> Vol. II No. 43 August 24, 1850. Pages 193-207 PG # 13406 </p> +<p class="noindent"> Vol. II No. 44 August 31, 1850. Pages 209-223 PG # 13426 </p> +</div> + +<div class="tnbox2"> + +<p class="noindent"> Vol. II No. 45 September 7, 1850. Pages 225-240 PG # 13427 </p> +<p class="noindent"> Vol. II No. 46 September 14, 1850. Pages 241-256 PG # 13462 </p> + +<p class="noindent"> Vol. II No. 47 September 21, 1850. Pages 257-272 PG # 13936 </p> +<p class="noindent"> Vol. II No. 48 September 28, 1850. Pages 273-288 PG # 13463 </p> +</div> + +<div class="tnbox2"> + +<p class="noindent"> Vol. II No. 49 October 5, 1850. Pages 289-304 PG # 13480 </p> +<p class="noindent"> Vol. II No. 50 October 12, 1850. Pages 305-320 PG # 13551 </p> +<p class="noindent"> Vol. II No. 51 October 19, 1850. Pages 321-351 PG # 15232 </p> + +<p class="noindent"> Vol. II No. 52 October 26, 1850. Pages 353-367 PG # 22624 </p> + +</div> + +<div class="tnbox2"> + +<p class="noindent"> Vol. II No. 53 November 2, 1850. Pages 369-383 PG # 13540 </p> +<p class="noindent"> Vol. II No. 54 November 9, 1850. Pages 385-399 PG # 22138 </p> +<p class="noindent"> Vol. II No. 55 November 16, 1850. Pages 401-415 PG # 15216 </p> + +<p class="noindent"> Vol. II No. 56 November 23, 1850. Pages 417-431 PG # 15354 </p> + +<p class="noindent"> Vol. II No. 57 November 30, 1850. Pages 433-454 PG # 15405 </p> +</div> + +<div class="tnbox2"> +<p class="noindent"> Vol. II No. 58 December 7, 1850. Pages 457-470 PG # 21503 </p> +<p class="noindent"> Vol. II No. 59 December 14, 1850. Pages 473-486 PG # 15427 </p> + +<p class="noindent"> Vol. II No. 60 December 21, 1850. Pages 489-502 PG # 24803 </p> + +<p class="noindent"> Vol. II No. 61 December 28, 1850. Pages 505-524 PG # 16404 </p> + +</div> + +<div class="tnbox2"> +<p class="noindent"> Notes and Queries Vol. III. </p> + +<p class="noindent"> Vol., No., Date, Year, Pages, PG # </p> + +</div> + +<div class="tnbox2"> + +<p class="noindent"> Vol. III No. 62 January 4, 1851. Pages 1- 15 PG # 15638 </p> + +<p class="noindent"> Vol. III No. 63 January 11, 1851. Pages 17- 31 PG # 15639 </p> +<p class="noindent"> Vol. III No. 64 January 18, 1851. Pages 33- 47 PG # 15640 </p> +<p class="noindent"> Vol. III No. 65 January 25, 1851. Pages 49- 78 PG # 15641 </p> + +</div> + +<div class="tnbox2"> + +<p class="noindent"> Vol. III No. 66 February 1, 1851. Pages 81- 95 PG # 22339 </p> +<p class="noindent"> Vol. III No. 67 February 8, 1851. Pages 97-111 PG # 22625 </p> + +<p class="noindent"> Vol. III No. 68 February 15, 1851. Pages 113-127 PG # 22639 </p> +<p class="noindent"> Vol. III No. 69 February 22, 1851. Pages 129-159 PG # 23027 </p> + +</div> + +<div class="tnbox2"> + +<p class="noindent"> Vol. III No. 70 March 1, 1851. Pages 161-174 PG # 23204 </p> + +<p class="noindent"> Vol. III No. 71 March 8, 1851. Pages 177-200 PG # 23205 </p> + +<p class="noindent"> Vol. III No. 72 March 15, 1851. Pages 201-215 PG # 23212 </p> +<p class="noindent"> Vol. III No. 73 March 22, 1851. Pages 217-231 PG # 23225 </p> + +<p class="noindent"> Vol. III No. 74 March 29, 1851. Pages 233-255 PG # 23282 </p> +</div> + +<div class="tnbox2"> + +<p class="noindent"> Vol. III No. 75 April 5, 1851. Pages 257-271 PG # 23402 </p> + +<p class="noindent"> Vol. III No. 76 April 12, 1851. Pages 273-294 PG # 26896 </p> +<p class="noindent"> Vol. III No. 77 April 19, 1851. Pages 297-311 PG # 26897 </p> + +<p class="noindent"> Vol. III No. 78 April 26, 1851. Pages 313-342 PG # 26898 </p> +</div> + +<div class="tnbox2"> + +<p class="noindent"> Vol. III No. 79 May 3, 1851. Pages 345-359 PG # 26899 </p> +<p class="noindent"> Vol. III No. 80 May 10, 1851. Pages 361-382 PG # 32495 </p> + +<p class="noindent"> Vol. III No. 81 May 17, 1851. Pages 385-399 PG # 29318 </p> + +<p class="noindent"> Vol. III No. 82 May 24, 1851. Pages 401-415 PG # 28311 </p> +<p class="noindent"> Vol. III No. 83 May 31, 1851. Pages 417-440 PG # 36835 </p> +</div> + +<div class="tnbox2"> + +<p class="noindent"> Vol. III No. 84 June 7, 1851. Pages 441-472 PG # 37379 </p> + +<p class="noindent"> Vol. III No. 85 June 14, 1851. Pages 473-488 PG # 37403 </p> + +<p class="noindent"> Vol. III No. 86 June 21, 1851. Pages 489-511 PG # 37496 </p> +<p class="noindent"> Vol. III No. 87 June 28, 1851. Pages 513-528 PG # 37516 </p> +</div> + + +<div class="tnbox2"> + +<p class="noindent"> Notes and Queries Vol. IV. </p> + +<p class="noindent"> Vol., No., Date, Year, Pages, PG # </p> + +</div> + +<div class="tnbox2"> +<p class="noindent"> Vol. IV No. 88 July 5, 1851. Pages 1- 15 PG # 37548 </p> +<p class="noindent"> Vol. IV No. 89 July 12, 1851. Pages 17- 31 PG # 37568 </p> +<p class="noindent"> Vol. IV No. 90 July 19, 1851. Pages 33- 47 PG # 37593 </p> + +<p class="noindent"> Vol. IV No. 91 July 26, 1851. Pages 49- 79 PG # 37778 </p> + +</div> + +<div class="tnbox2"> +<p class="noindent"> Vol. IV No. 92 August 2, 1851. Pages 81- 94 PG # 38324 </p> +<p class="noindent"> Vol. IV No. 93 August 9, 1851. Pages 97-112 PG # 38337 </p> +<p class="noindent"> Vol. IV No. 94 August 16, 1851. Pages 113-127 PG # 38350 </p> +<p class="noindent"> Vol. IV No. 95 August 23, 1851. Pages 129-144 PG # 38386 </p> + +<p class="noindent"> Vol. IV No. 96 August 30, 1851. Pages 145-167 PG # 38405 </p> + +</div> + +<div class="tnbox2"> +<p class="noindent"> Vol. IV No. 97 September 6, 1851. Pages 169-183 PG # 38433 </p> +<p class="noindent"> Vol. IV No. 98 September 13, 1851. Pages 185-200 PG # 38491 </p> +<p class="noindent"> Vol. IV No. 99 September 20, 1851. Pages 201-216 PG # 38574 </p> +<p class="noindent"> Vol. IV No. 100 September 27, 1851. Pages 217-246 PG # 38656 </p> + +</div> + +<div class="tnbox2"> + +<p class="noindent"> Vol. IV No. 101 October 4, 1851. Pages 249-264 PG # 38701 </p> +<p class="noindent"> Vol. IV No. 102 October 11, 1851. Pages 265-287 PG # 38773 </p> +<p class="noindent"> Vol. IV No. 103 October 18, 1851. Pages 289-303 PG # 38864 </p> +<p class="noindent"> Vol. IV No. 104 October 25, 1851. Pages 305-333 PG # 38926 </p> + +</div> + +<div class="tnbox2"> + +<p class="noindent"> Vol. IV No. 105 November 1, 1851. Pages 337-359 PG # 39076 </p> + +<p class="noindent"> Vol. IV No. 106 November 8, 1851. Pages 361-374 PG # 39091 </p> + +<p class="noindent"> Vol. IV No. 107 November 15, 1851. Pages 377-396 PG # 39135 </p> + +<p class="noindent"> Vol. IV No. 108 November 22, 1851. Pages 401-414 PG # 39197 </p> + +<p class="noindent"> Vol. IV No. 109 November 29, 1851. Pages 417-430 PG # 39233 </p> + +</div> + + +<div class="tnbox2"> + +<p class="noindent"> Vol. IV No. 110 December 6, 1851. Pages 433-460 PG # 39338 </p> + +<p class="noindent"> Vol. IV No. 111 December 13, 1851. Pages 465-478 PG # 39393 </p> + +</div> + + + +<div class="tnbox2"> +<p class="noindent"> Vol I. Index. [Nov. 1849-May 1850] PG # 13536 </p> +<p class="noindent"> INDEX TO THE SECOND VOLUME. MAY-DEC., 1850 PG # 13571 </p> + +<p class="noindent"> INDEX TO THE THIRD VOLUME. JAN.-JUNE, 1851 PG # 26770 </p> + </div> + + + + + + + + + + + +<pre> + + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Notes and Queries, Vol. IV, Number +112, December 20, 1851, by Various + +*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES AND QUERIES, DEC 20, 1851 *** + +***** This file should be named 39438-h.htm or 39438-h.zip ***** +This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: + http://www.gutenberg.org/3/9/4/3/39438/ + +Produced by Charlene Taylor, Jonathan Ingram and the Online +Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This +file was produced from images generously made available +by The Internet Library of Early Journals.) + + +Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions +will be renamed. + +Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no +one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation +(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without +permission and without paying copyright royalties. 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You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: Notes and Queries, Vol. IV, Number 112, December 20, 1851 + A Medium of Inter-communication for Literary Men, Artists, + Antiquaries, Genealogists, etc. + +Author: Various + +Editor: George Bell + +Release Date: April 13, 2012 [EBook #39438] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ASCII + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES AND QUERIES, DEC 20, 1851 *** + + + + +Produced by Charlene Taylor, Jonathan Ingram and the Online +Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This +file was produced from images generously made available +by The Internet Library of Early Journals.) + + + + + +[Transcriber's note: Characters with macrons have been marked in +brackets with an equal sign, as [=e] for a letter e with a macron on +top. Underscores have been used to indicate _italic_ fonts; equal signs +indicate =bold= fonts. Original spelling variations have not been +standardized. A list of volumes and pages in "Notes and Queries" has +been added at the end.] + + + + +NOTES AND QUERIES: + +A MEDIUM OF INTER-COMMUNICATION + +FOR + +LITERARY MEN, ARTISTS, ANTIQUARIES, GENEALOGISTS, ETC. + +"When found, make a note of."--CAPTAIN CUTTLE. + +VOL. IV.--NO. 112--SATURDAY, DECEMBER 20. 1851. + +Price Threepence. Stamped Edition 4_d._ + + + + +CONTENTS. + + Page + + + NOTES:-- + + Wady Mokatteb identified with Kibroth Hattavah, by + the Rev. Moses Margoliouth 481 + + On a Passage in Goldsmith, by Henry H. Breen 482 + + Minor Notes:--Biographical Dictionary--The Word + Premises--Play of George Barnwell--Traditions from + Remote Periods through few Links 483 + + QUERIES:-- + + Deodands and their Application, by Jonathan Peel 484 + + Minor Queries:--Hell paved with the Skulls of + Priests--Charib--Thumb Bible--Tripos--Louis Philippe + and his Bag of Nails--Brass Statues at Windsor--Edmund + Bohun--Bishop Trelawney 484 + + MINOR QUERIES ANSWERED:--Companion Ladder--Macaulay's + Ballad of the Battle of Naseby 485 + + REPLIES:-- + + The Crucifix as used by the Early Christians, by + J. Emerson Tennent 485 + + The Word "[Greek: Adelphos]." by T. R. Brown 486 + + The Roman Index Expurgatorius of 1607 487 + + Replies to Minor Queries:--Hobbes's "Leviathan"--Age + of Trees--Treatise against Equivocation--Lycian + Inscriptions--Alterius Orbis Papa--Carmagnoles--General + James Wolfe--Johannes Trithemius--Sir William + Herschel--Dr. Wm. Wall--Parish Registers--Compositions + during the Protectorate--General Moyle--Descendants + of John of Gaunt--Church of St. Bene't Fink--Coins + of Vabalathus--Engraved Portrait--"Cleanliness is next + to godliness"--Cozens the Painter--Whig and Tory--Prince + Rupert's Drops--Deep Well near Bansted Downs--Mrs. Mary + Anne Clarke--Upton Court 487 + + MISCELLANEOUS:-- + + Notes on Books, Sales, Catalogues, &c. 493 + + Books and Odd Volumes wanted 494 + + Notices to Correspondents 494 + + Advertisements 494 + + + + +Notes. + + +WADY MOKATTEB IDENTIFIED WITH KIBROTH HATTAVAH. + +The difficulty of deciding the antiquity of the famous inscriptions in +the deserts of Arabia, would be considerably diminished if we could +ascertain the earliest mention of the valley now known as Wady Mokatteb. +What I am about to submit to the readers of the "NOTES AND QUERIES," is +not a presumptuous or rash suggestion, but an idea diffidently +entertained, and cautiously and maturely considered. + +It is not at all improbable that that valley, with its surrounding rocky +chronicles, was first mentioned by Moses, the first delineator of the +"great wilderness." The mention I allude to is to be found in Numbers, +xi. 26. The passage, as it occurs in the English version, runs thus: + + "But there remained two of the men in the camp, the name of the one + was Eldad, and the name of the other was Medad; and the Spirit rested + upon them, and they were of them that were written." + +The original words of the last clause are but the two following:-- + + [Hebrew: vhemah bakkthuwbiym] + +which literally signify, "and they were amongst the inscriptions." + +A personal and literary examination of the locality of the Sinaitic +inscriptions convinces me that Eldad and Medad were then in that famous +region. By a reference to the chapter alluded to, it will be found that +the children of Israel were then at that awfully memorable place called +_Kibroth Hattavah_ (ver. 34.), and no one, who has but a slight +knowledge of scripture topography, will be at a loss to observe that it +is the very spot where the mysterious inscriptions are found. + +Dr. Robinson, in his _Biblical Researches_, vol. i. p. 138., thus +notices the subject in question: + + "The Sinaite inscriptions are found on all the routes which lead from + the West towards Sinai, above the convent El-Arbain, but are found + neither on Gebel Musa, nor on the present Horeb, nor on St. Catherine, + nor in the valley of the convent; while on Serbal they are seen on its + very summit." + +Lord Lindsay, in his first letter from _Edom and the Holy Land_, +introduces the same district in the following words: + + "We now entered Wady Mokatteb, a spacious valley, bounded on the east + by a most picturesque range of black mountains, but chiefly famous for + the inscriptions on the rocks that line it, and from which it derives + its name. There are thousands of them, inscriptions too, and here is + the mystery, in a character which no one has yet deciphered." + +Now, let the ancient and modern maps be compared, and it will be +discovered that the same place which is called, in Num. xi. 26., +[Hebrew: kthuwbiym], probably on account of its inscriptions, is also +called by the Arabians [Arabic: wadi el mokatteb] _Wady el Mokatteb_. + +Should the identity between Wady Mokatteb and Kibroth Hattavah be +considered conclusive, then the antiquity of the Sinaitic inscriptions +is far more remote than the date fixed by certain archaeologists and +palaeographists; the records may prove to be, in truth and in deed, the +handy-work of the Israelites during their encampment there. + +The readers of the "NOTES AND QUERIES" need scarcely be told that the +inscriptions were first noticed in the sixth century by Cosmas, a +Graeco-Indian merchant, who was hence surnamed Indicopleustes. But it is +necessary to impress the fact that Cosmas, though a man of intelligence +and of letters, considered that the alphabet in which the inscriptions +were made, was unknown; but having visited the Wady in company with +certain well-informed Jews, his Hebrew companions read and deciphered +several of the records, and decided that the Israelites of the Egyptian +Exodus were the performers of the inscriptions. All this Cosmas stated +in his _Christian Topography_ (a work published for the first time in +1707 by the learned Montfaucon), and concurs in the opinion that the +ancient Hebrews were the scribes. This circumstance borne in mind, will +be proof against the theory conceived by Professor Beer, brought forth +by Dr. Lepsius, adopted and fostered by Dr. Wilson, viz. that an Utopian +Nabathaean Christian tribe executed those inscriptions during their +pilgrimages to the sacred localities on Mount Sinai. Is it not strange +that Cosmas should not have heard that there was such a tribe of scribes +in the valley? Is it not unaccountable that the knowledge of the +alphabet should so soon have been forgotten? Cosmas flourished +comparatively but a short time after the supposed Nabathaeans. + +But the advocates of the Nabathaean theory argue that the Sinaitic +inscriptions must be of a comparatively modern date, since there are +found amongst them some Greek and Latin ones; and, moreover, the cross +does sometimes occur in various shapes. I venture to submit that the +inscriptions bear self-evidence that they have been executed at various +dates. It is true that by far the greatest number of them display +indubitable marks of remote antiquity; but there are some which must be +pronounced juvenile when compared with the _great majority_. The latter +bear marks of an execution resembling the inscriptions on the ancient +Egyptian obelisks, whilst the former are rude and superficially cut, and +already almost effaced. I take, therefore, the Greek and Latin, and +indeed some of the yet unknown inscriptions, to have been cut at a +comparatively modern date. Who knows whether Cosmas and his companions +did not try their hands at a few? + +Why should it be thought improbable that the different monks on Mount +Sinai, who occupied the convent there at various ages, should have done +their quota to puzzle the modern palaeographist and traveller? Is it +absolutely impossible that the prefect of the Franciscan missionaries of +Egypt, who visited the Wady in 1722, and his companions, who were well +instructed in the Arabic, Greek, Hebrew, Syriac, Coptic, Latin, +Armenian, Turkish, English, Illyrian, German, and Bohemian languages, +should have chiselled a few in the characters they were most expert? In +the same manner might the occurrence of the cross be accounted for, if +it were necessary, without precipitating oneself to the conclusion that +"the occurrence, in connection with the inscriptions of the cross in +various forms, indicates that their _origin_ should be attributed to the +early Christians." But is it possible that such antiquaries as Drs. +Beer, Lepsius, and Wilson, should be ignorant, or affect to be ignorant, +that the cross was an ancient hieroglyphic, of a date long before the +Christian era, well known by the name of _Crux Ansata_, and of the +_Divina Taw_, and signified among the Egyptians "Life to come"? That the +form of the cross was used among the Hebrews is conclusive from the fact +that it was the ancient Hebrew mint letter for the [Hebrew: tav]. What, +then, is the value of the arguments in behalf of the Nabathaean theory? +All the specimens that have been given hitherto of the inscriptions, are +no more in comparison with the vast numbers which literally cover the +highest mountains, than a drop out of a bucket, including even those +given in the _Philosophical Transactions_ of 1766, in the _Transactions +of the Royal Society of Literature_ of 1832, and by the Rev. Charles +Forster of this year[1], and even adding the 1200 taken by M. Lottin de +Laval. (See "NOTES AND QUERIES", Vol. iv., p. 332.) + + [Footnote 1: _The One Primeval Language, &c._, by the Rev. Charles + Forster. The above is a compendium of two letters which the writer + addressed on the subject to his Grace the Archbishop of Dublin, + and the late Bishop of Norwich,--to the former from Paris, to the + latter from Alexandria. See _A Pilgrimage to the Land of my + Fathers_, vol. i. pp. 6-15. Mr. Forster's work did not appear + until about a year after the publication of part of the writer's + travels.] + + MOSES MARGOLIOUTH. + + +ON A PASSAGE IN GOLDSMITH. + +Goldsmith, in _The Deserted Village_, has the lines: + + "Ill fares the land, to hastening ills a prey, + Where wealth accumulates and men decay: + Princes and lords may flourish or may fade, + _A breath can make them, as a breath has made_; + But a bold peasantry, their country's pride, + When once destroy'd, can never be supplied." + +In this passage the fourth line, which I have given in italics, is +traced by D'Israeli, in _Curiosities of Literature_, under the head of +"Imitations and Similarities," to the French poet, De Caux, who, +comparing the world to his hour-glass, says-- + + ---- "C'est une verre qui luit, + Qu'un souffle peut _detruire_, et qu'un souffle a _produit_." + +The turn given to the thought in the French has suggested to D'Israeli +an emendation of the passage in Goldsmith. He proposes that the word +"unmakes" should be substituted for "can make." The line would then +read-- + + "A breath _unmakes_ them, as a breath has made." + +This emendation seems to me to be alike ingenious and well-founded. The +line itself is but the corollary of the one that precedes it; and in +order to make the sense complete, it should contain antithetical +expressions to correspond with "flourish" and "fade." Now, between "can +make" and "made" there is nothing antithetical; but between "made" and +"unmakes" there is. + +In support of this view, I may quote one or two parallel passages, in +which the antithesis is preserved. The first is a quatrain commemorating +the devastating effects of an earthquake in the valley of Lucerne in +1808: + + "O ciel! ainsi ta Providence + A tous les maux nous condamna: + Un souffle _eteint_ notre existence + Comme un souffle nous la _donna_." + +The second is a line which occurs in _Curiosities of Literature_, and +which I am compelled to quote from memory, having no access to that +work. It is as follows: + + "A breath _revived_ him, but a breath _o'erthrew_." + +That Goldsmith wrote the line in question with the word "unmakes," there +seems little reason to doubt. To say of princes and lords that "a breath +can make them, as a breath has made," far from conveying any idea of +their "fading," would be, on the contrary, to indicate the facile +process by which they may be perpetuated. It would show how they may +"flourish," but not how they may "fade." + +Although this emendation in Goldsmith was pointed out many years ago, +and recommends itself by its appositeness, and its obvious adaptation to +the context, yet I believe it has never been introduced into any edition +of that poet. I have before me two copies of _The Deserted Village_, and +both contain the words "can make." As, however, among the many useful +hints thrown out by "NOTES AND QUERIES," that of suggesting the +emendation of obscure or difficult passages in our poets, appears to +have met with the approbation of your readers, I trust some future +editor of Goldsmith may be induced to notice this passage, and restore +the text to its original accuracy. + + HENRY H. BREEN. + + St. Lucia. + + +Minor Notes. + +_Biographical Dictionary._--May I beg for the assistance of "NOTES AND +QUERIES" to enforce a want which I am sure is daily felt by thousands of +educated Englishmen? The want I speak of is that of _a good Biographical +Dictionary_, coming down to the middle of the century; a dictionary as +good as the _Biog. Universelle_ for _foreign_ lives, and _a hundred +times better for English lives_. Every one knows how meagre and +unsatisfactory is that otherwise magnificent work in its English part. +Why should we not have an abridged translation, with the home portion +re-written? + + Z. Z. Z. + +_The Word Premises._--The use of the word _premises_ for houses, lands, +and hereditaments, is surely incorrect. I have never found the word +_praemissa_ used in any Latin writer in a sense that can sanction the +modern application of its derivative. Johnson's authority supports the +view that the word is perverted in being made to stand for houses and +lands, as he says it is "in low language" that the noun substantive +"premises" is used in that sense, as, "I was upon the _premises_," &c. +The office of "the premises" in a deed, say the Law Dictionaries, is to +express the names of the grantor and grantee, and to specify the thing +granted. "The _premises_ is the former part of a deed, being all that +which precedeth the _habendum_ or limitation of the estate." I believe +the term "parcels" is applied, technically, to the specification of the +property which forms the subject of a deed. In an instrument, it may not +be wholly incorrect to refer by the term "premises" to the particulars +premised, and, if an etymological inaccuracy, it may be excused for the +sake of avoiding repetitions; but surely we ought not to speak of +houses, lands, &c. by this term. I see I am not the first to call an +editor's attention to this point, for, in the _Gentleman's Magazine_ of +Jan., 1795, a correspondent complains of this improper application of +the word, and attributes the perversion to the lawyers, "who," he says, +"for the sake of brevity (to which, by-the-bye, they are not much +attached), have accustomed themselves to the phrase, 'the aforesaid +_premises_,' whence the word has come to be universally taken as a +collective noun, signifying manors, tenements, and so on." The absurdity +of such a use of the word is illustrated by putting it for animals, +household goods, and personal estate, for which it may as well stand as +for lands and houses. + + W. S. G. + + Newcastle-upon-Tyne. + +_Play of George Barnwell:_-- + + "Last Friday a messenger came from Hampton Court to the Play House by + the Queen's command, for the manuscript of George Barnwell, for Her + Majesty's perusal, which Mr. Wilks carried to Hampton Court early on + Saturday morning; and we hear it is to be performed shortly at the + Theatre in Hampton Court, for the entertainment of the Royal Family," + &c.--_Daily Post_, Monday, July 5. 1731. + + H. E. + +_Traditions from Remote Periods through few Links_ (Vol. iii., pp. 206. +237.):-- + + "My greatest boast in this line is, that I have conversed with Sir + Isaac Herd, the celebrated herald, and he had conversed with a person + who was present at the execution of Charles I."--Lord Campbell's + _Lives of the Chief Justices_, vol. ii. p. 304. note. + + E. H. A. + + + + +Queries. + + +DEODANDS AND THEIR APPLICATION. + +Blackstone states (1 _Comm._ p. 300.) that a deodand-- + + "Is forfeited to the king to be applied to pious uses, and distributed + in alms by his high almoner, though formerly destined to a more + superstitious purpose. It seems to have been originally designed, in + the blind days of Popery, as an expiation for the souls of such as + were snatched away by sudden death; and for that purpose ought + properly to have been given to holy church." + +The authorities for this latter statement are Fitzh., _Abr._, tit. +"Enditement," pt. 27., and Staunf., _P.C._, 20, 21., neither of which +books are in my possession, nor in this remote district can I gain +access to them. Hume, Lingard, Henry, and Rapin, omit all mention of +this change in the destination of the deodand, at least so far as I can +find. Fleta, who lived, according to Dr. Cowell (_Interpreter_, in verb. +"Fleta"), tem. Ed. II., Ed. III., or, according to Jacob (_Law Dic._, in +ver. "Fleta"), tem. Ed. I., says that-- + + "This deodand is to be sold to the poor, and the price distributed to + the poor for the soul of the king and all faithful people departed + this life."--_Interpreter_, in ver. "Deodand." + +It would therefore appear that in Fleta's time it was settled law that +deodands went to the Crown; nor does this writer seem to take any notice +of their having been, at any time, payable to the Church. Hawkins, East, +and I think Hale also, are equally silent upon the point. + +Can any of your readers kindly supply the information as to when +deodands first ceased to be given to the Church, and when they became +the property of the Crown? + + JONATHAN PEEL. + + +Minor Queries. + +349. _Hell Paved with the Skulls of Priests._--The proverb "Hell is +paved with good intentions" (Vol. ii. pp. 86. 140.), brings to my +recollection a remark I once heard from the lips of a French priest. He +was addressing an audience chiefly composed of students in divinity, and +while descanting on the peculiar dangers to which ecclesiastics are +exposed, and the obstacles they have to encounter at every step on the +road to salvation, he said there could be no doubt that by far the +greater number of them would incur eternal damnation. "It was this" +(added he, with an emphasis which sent thrill of horror through all +present), "It was this that made one of the early fathers assert, that +Hell is paved with the skulls of priests." I think the preacher +mentioned Tertullian as his authority for this singular sentiment, but +he only gave the words: "L'enfer est pave de tetes de pretres." Can any +of your readers point out the precise passage referred to? + + HENRY H. BREEN. + + St. Lucia. + +350. _Charib._--Can any of your correspondents inform me what is the +derivation and meaning of the word _Charib_? The Charibs were the +ancient inhabitants, as is well known, of the smaller West Indian +islands. + + W. J. C. + + St. Lucia. + +351. _Thumb Bible._--Can any of your readers tell me the history of the +Thumb Bible, reprinted by Longman, 1850? Who was "J. Taylor," who seems +to have been the author? He has strangely spoilt Bishop Ken's Morning +and Evening Hymns at the conclusion of his book. + + HERMES. + +352. _Tripos._--What is the origin of the term "tripos" as applied to +the mathematical and classical honour lists in the university of +Cambridge? + + A. F. S. + +353. _Louis Philippe and his Bag of Nails._--Has any of your +correspondents heard a story about a bag of rusty nails which Louis +Philippe used to carry about with him; with which he considered his fate +as in some way connected; and which he lost a few days before February +24, 1848? If so, is it known whether the story is well authenticated? + + R. D. H. + +354. _Brass Statues at Windsor._--"The Brass Statues at Windsor," sold +in 1646 by order of the House of Lords to pay the troops at +Windsor:--What were these statues? + + WAYLEN. + +355. _Edmund Bohun._--Is it possible that some Trans-atlantic notist may +be able to supply a scrap or two of intelligence respecting the brief +career of Edmund Bohun, as Chief Justice of South Carolina, 1698-1701? I +believe he died in the latter year, and was buried at Charlestown. + + S. W. RIX. + + Beccles. + +356. _Bishop Trelawney._--To what parliamentary decision does Atterbury +allude in the subjoined extract from the dedication to Trelawney, Bishop +of Winchester, prefixed to his Sermons in four volumes, 1723? + + "This and another parliamentary decision, which your lordship not long + after with equal difficulty obtained, and by which the bishop's sole + right to judge of the qualifications of persons applying for + institution was unutterably confirmed, are such instances of your + magnanimity and public spirit as will remain in memory while the + church or the law of England lasts." + + E. H. A. + + +Minor Queries Answered. + +_Companion Ladder._--Why are the stairs leading from the deck to the +chief cabin of a ship called "the companion ladder?" + + A CONSTANT READER. + + [The _companion_ in merchant ships is a wooden porch placed over the + entrance or staircase of the cabin. Hence the ladder by which officers + ascend to and descend from the quarter-deck, is called the _companion + ladder_.] + +_Macaulay's Ballad of the Battle of Naseby._--Where is Mr. Macaulay's +ballad of the "Battle of Naseby" to be found printed entire? It is not +republished in the last edition of his _Lays of Ancient Rome_. + + D. B. J. + + [It has never, we believe, been printed since its first publication in + _Knight's Magazine_, about the year 1824. From the omission pointed + out by our correspondent, it is obvious that the accomplished writer + of it does not himself regard this ballad as deserving of + republication.] + + + + +Replies. + + +THE CRUCIFIX AS USED BY THE EARLY CHRISTIANS. + +(Vol. iv., p. 422.). + +A correspondent questions the accuracy of MR. CURZON's statement, in his +_Monasteries of the Levant_, that-- + + "The crucifix was not known before the fifth or sixth century, though + the cross was always the emblem of the Christian faith,"-- + +and asks for information as to its use, and the dates of the earliest +examples. Some twenty years ago I devoted some care to this inquiry, and +the result will be found in a chapter on the decline of the arts in +Greece, in a _History of Modern Greece_, which I published in 1830. To +that essay, but more especially to the authorities which it cites, I +would refer your correspondent; and I think, after an examination of the +latter, he will be disposed to concur with me, that Mr. Curzon's +statement is correct. It is in accordance with that of Gibbon, and +sustained by the same authorities as Basnage, to the effect that the +first Christians, from their association with the Jews, and their +aversion to the mythology of the Greeks, were hostile to the use of +images of any description in their primitive temples, in which they +reluctantly admitted the figure of the ignominious cross, as a memorial +of the Redeemer's death. At a later period, however, the veneration for +the _relics_ of departed saints led to the admission of their painted +_portraits_, and eventually to the erection of their images and effigies +in wood and marble. (_Gibbon_, chap. xxiii. xlix.) Reiskius states that +it was not till the fourth century after Christ that the latter +innovation began: + + "Ecclesia vero Christiana tribus seculis prioribus ne quidem imagines + recepit aut inter sacra numeravit instrumenta. Sed demum sub finem + quarti seculi ea lege admisit ut in templis memoriae ac ornatus causa + haberentur."--Reiskius, _De Imaginibus Jesu Christi Exercitationes + Histor._, ex. i. c. i. sec. ii. p. 12. + +Lillio Giraldi concurs with Reiskius: + + "Illud certe non praetermittam nos dico Christianos ut aliquando + Romanos fuisse sine imaginibus in primitiva quae vocatur + ecclesia."--Lillius Gregorius Giraldus, _Historiae Deorum Syntage_, v. + i. p. 15. + +The earliest images of Christ were those mentioned as being placed, by +Alexander Severus, along with those of Abraham, Jupiter, Pythagoras, +Plato, and Aristotle. (_Reiskius_, ex. vii. c. i. sec. i. p. 151.) +Constantine placed two equestrian statues of the Saviour in the Lateran +Church. But Molanus, who mentions the latter fact, insists that there +were existing about this period numerous statues of the Saviour, which +he would refer to the time of Pontius Pilate. (_De Historia SS. +Imaginibus, &c._, lib. i. c. vi. p. 65.) + +The most ancient examples now remaining of the decorations employed by +the early Christians, are doubtless those found in the catacombs at +Rome. I have not access to any recent copies of these interesting +antiquities; but so far as my recollection serves, they contain no +example of a crucifix, or any literal delineation of the death of the +Saviour. In fact, even in these gloomy retreats, the vigilance of +persecution compelled the Christians to caution, and forced them to +conceal, under allegories and mystery, the memorials of their faith; the +figure of the Redeemer being always veiled under an assumed character, +most generally that of a shepherd bearing in his arms a recovered lamb. +This, which is the most common form of allegory of this period, occurs +in the catacomb of the Via Latina, in that of Priscilla in the Via +Salaria, discovered in 1776, both of which, according to Aringhi, are +amongst the oldest Christian monuments now remaining. (_Roma +Subterranea_, vol. ii. p. 25. 292.) In a sepulchral chamber in the +cemetery of St. Calixtus, Jesus is represented as Orpheus with a lyre, +as emblematic of the subduing influences of his life. But his death is +still more cautiously shadowed forth by the types of Jonas, Isaac on the +altar of Abraham, and Daniel in the den of lions,--examples of all of +which are numerous; and the cover of an urn figured by Agincourt +presents them all three. (_Histoire de l'Art par les Monumens_, vol. +iv.; _Dec. Sculp._, pl. v. no. 10.) + +Art, after its decline in Rome, was later cherished by the Greeks at +Byzantum, and allegory in their hands, during the third and fourth +centuries, exhibited a much higher refinement than amongst the +degenerate Romans,--the divinity and _life_ of Jesus being represented +in their paintings by a youth of godlike mien and heavenly grace, with +his foot upon the mane of a lion, whilst his _death_ is still typified +by a lamb expiring at the foot of a cross, which it sprinkles with its +blood, and his _resurrection_ by a phoenix, which rests upon the summit +of a palm-tree, the emblem of his _victory_. + +I have stated that even the _cross_, as an emblem, was admitted +"reluctantly" into the churches of the early Christians. The fact, +and the causes of this reluctance, are stated fairly by Gibbon +(ch. xx.), principally on the authorities consulted by Basnage in +his _Histoire des Eglises Reformees_, to have had their origin in +the idea of infamy and ignominy which they attached to the mode of +execution by crucifixion,--feelings analogous to those inspired by +a gallows or a gibbet; and it required a long lapse of time, even +after Constantine had abolished throughout the Roman dominions the +punishment which had prevailed for slaves and malefactors, but which +the Saviour of mankind had submitted to suffer, before the people +could be led to regard as a symbol for veneration that which had so +long been an object of horror and disgust. A most interesting account +of the subsidence of this feeling, and of its effects upon Sacred Art +whilst it prevailed, will be found in Emeric David's _Discours sur la +Peinture Moderne_, p. 115. It rendered allegory so indispensable, that +in the exhaustion of fancy it declined into conceits and puerility, +which finally brought the subject into contempt, and compelled the +hierarchy to exert the influence of the Church for its correction. +This led to a measure the record of which is strongly corroborative +of the statement of Mr. Curzon; namely, that A.D. 692, at the Quine +Sextine, or _Council in Trullo_, it was ordered that thenceforth +fiction and allegory should cease, and _the real figure of the Saviour +be depicted on the tree_. (_Can._ 82. _Act. Concil._ Paris, 1714, +v. iii. col. 1691, 1692.) + +The Greeks complied, but with reluctance, to delineate the actual +crucifixion; and as, in the controversy which arose in the second +century, and never entirely subsided, regarding the beauty or deformity +of the Saviour's features, the Greek Church had espoused the side of St. +Basil, Tertullian, and Origen, who maintained that "he was without form +or comeliness," their artists exhibited such a spectacle of deformity on +the cross, that to the present hour a proverb compares a lean and ugly +person to "un crucifix des Grecs." The Latins and Italians, on the other +hand, whilst they were equally hostile to the literal exhibition of the +Redeemer's death, and _forbore for nearly a century_ to comply with the +orders of the Council _in Trullo_, adopted, as to his beauty, the party +of Celsus and Chrysostom,--quoted the expression of David, "thou art +fairer than the children of men,"--and painted the Saviour, albeit +suspended on the fatal tree, as a youth of heavenly mien; and instead of +the crown of thorns, the lance, and the sponge, they represented him +with a diadem, and insensible to suffering or pain. + +These remarks, though they will no doubt be insufficient as an answer to +your correspondent, may perhaps direct him to authorities, the +consultation of which will satisfy his inquiry. + + J. EMERSON TENNENT. + + London. + + +THE WORD "[Greek: Adelphos]." + +(Vol. iv., pp. 339, 458.) + +In commenting on the criticisms of J. B., may I be allowed to follow the +order of his own reasoning as much as possible? + +1st. I am glad to find that Scapula is right, but I must object to the +use of the participle _acquiescing_, as applied to me. My word is +"_de_duction," and is applied to a rule grounded upon Scapula's +correctness, and may, I think, settle the sense of those disputed verses +in Matt. xiii. 55, 56, to say nothing of two indisputable proofs which +might be adduced. + +2nd. _I_ am wrong--for what? for _appearing_, in the eyes of J. B., to +have done that which I have not done,--for bringing in links of "the +Indo-Germanic languages," which I have neither done, nor can do. + +3rd. "The word is solely and peculiarly Greek." Let me give only one +etymon by way of preparation for my answer. Let us take the word +_mouse_. Well, it comes from the Latin _mus_, which comes, you will say, +from the Greek [Greek: mys], and there are many clever etymologists, +excepting a few, with J. B. and myself, would say, "it is solely and +peculiarly Greek;" but _we_ go up to the Sanscrit (the _mother_ of +European languages), and bring forward _mush_, a mouse, and here is _the +terminus_--and why? because _mush_ signifies _to steal_, and therefore +sufficiently describes the nature of the little animal. Now, because we +cannot _find_ an existing link between the Greek and Sanscrit, is that a +reason for asserting [Greek: adelphos] to be of pure Greek _origin_? No; +and if J. B. will only recollect that all words in Sanscrit, excepting +bare primary roots, are compounded after the same manner as [Greek: +adelphos] or rather [Greek: del-ph], he will, I hope, find that I have +_not been wrong_ in my _etymon_. Moreover, let J. B. prove, _if he can_, +what is _the meaning_ of [Greek: delph] in the Greek, unaided by any +other language. + +4th. Why is the Sanscrit _bhratre_ brought into the contest? perhaps to +prove what has not been proved, viz. that _it also_ signifies _frater +uterinus_. + +5th. "How happened it that the word [Greek: phrater] was lost in Greek?" +Why, because the Greeks thought it too _barbarous_ a word to _own_, as +coming through the Latins from the barbarous Goths, Scandinavians, &c.! +Let us pass over irrelevant matter till we come to + +6th. J. B.'s authoritative rule, "that no apparent similarity between +words in the Semitic and Asian (read Sanscrit) families can be used to +establish a real identity, the two classes of language being _radically_ +and fundamentally distinct." Vide _mouse_, and a hundred more roots, +that might quash this rule. + +To conclude, I did not introduce the Sanscrit _dal_ into my former note, +because, I suppose, an idea passed through my mind that I might offend +some "_interesting_ points in Greek manners." + +I have only one more remark to make, which is, that the Sanscrit +_bhra-tre_ is a compound word like [Greek: del-phys]. I will give the +full etymology of this word _bhra-tre_, to prove that J. B. has done +wrong in bringing in a word to militate against his _own_ rule. Persian, +_bra-dar_; Sanscrit, _bhra-tre_; Gothic, _bro-thar_; Islandic, +_bro-dir_; German, _bru-der_; Swedish and Danish, _bro-der_; +Anglo-Saxon, _bro-ther_. Now, will J. B. prove that the Hebrew, Chaldee, +and Syriac [Hebrew: bar], _bar_, a son, is not connected with the +Persian and Sanscrit _bra_ and _bhra_? If he does, I shall doubtless be +edified. + + T. R. BROWN. + + Vicarage, Southwick, near Oundle. + + +THE ROMAN INDEX EXPURGATORIUS OF 1607. + +(Vol. iv., p. 440.) + +I am happy in being able to give, I trust, a satisfactory answer to the +Query of your American correspondent U. U., respecting the original +edition of 1607. + +There can be no doubt that the copy in the Bodleian Library is of the +genuine edition. It was in the Library certainly before the year 1620, +as it appears in the catalogue printed in that year, and still bears the +same reference on the shelf as is there given to it, namely, 8vo. I. 32. +Theol.; and it was doubtless the copy used by Dr. James, who +superintended the forming of that catalogue, and who died only a few +months before. The title runs thus: + + INDICIS + (red ink) LIBRORVM + (red) EXPVRGANDORVM + in studiosorum gratiam confecti. + Tomus Primus + _IN QVO QVINQVAGINTA AVCTORVM_ + _Libri prae ceteris desiderati emendantur._ + (red ink) + PER FR. IO. MARIAM BRASICHELLEN. + (red ink) + SACRI PALATII APOSTOLICI MAGISTRVM + in vnum corpus redactus, & publicae + commoditati aeditus + (this first word red) (this date red) + ------------------------------------------------------------ + ROMAE, ex Typographia R. Cam. Apost. M.DC.VII. + ------------------------------------------------------------ + (the line above red) + SVPERIORVM PERMISSV. + +There is a full stop at confecti, also at emendantur, and at +Brasichellen; but no stop whatever at auctorum. It extends (besides +eight leaves of title and preliminary matter) to pp. 742. On the recto +of the next and last leaf, "Series chartarum," &c., and at the bottom: + + ROMAE, M.DC.VII. + ---------------------------------------- + _Ex Typographia Reu. Camerae Apostolicae._ + ---------------------------------------- + SVPERIORVM PERMISSV. + +There is also in the Bodleian Library a copy of the Bergomi edition, the +title of which is as follows: + + (red ink) INDICIS + LIBRORVM + (red) EXPVRGANDORVM + In studiosorum gratiam confecti + (red) TOMVS PRIMVS + In quo quinquaginta Auctorum Libri prae + caeteris desiderati emendantur + (red) PER F. IO. MARIAM BRASICHELL. + Sacri Palatij Apost. Magistrum + _In vnum corpus redactus & pub. commoditati aeditus._ + +At the bottom: + + (red) ROMAE Primo, Deinde + BERGOMI, _typis Comini Venturae_, 1608. + +This edition extends to 608 pages, in double columns, besides the +preliminary matter, consisting of four articles, of which the first in +this edition is the last in the genuine copy of 1607,--a circumstance +mentioned by Clement as peculiar to the Altdorff edition; but here the +signatures run to pages in eights, whereas the Altdorff edition "qu'ne +remplit qu'un alphabet, et seize feuilles." + +I have never seen a copy of the Ratisbon edition. + + B. B. + + +Replies to Minor Queries. + +_Hobbes's "Leviathan"_ (Vol. iv., p. 314.).--The meaning of the +frontispiece to the first edition of this work, is, I imagine, +sufficiently obvious. The large figure representing a commonwealth holds +in his right hand a sword, in his left a pastoral crook. He is the +emblem of a commonwealth "ecclesiastical and civil" (as the title of the +book shows us). Ranged down one side of the page, under the +sword-bearing arm, are the weapons and resources which the State +possesses. Down the other side of the page, under the protection of the +pastoral staff, is the corresponding armament of the Church. Thus, a +castle and a church, a crown and a mitre, a cannon and spiritual +thunderbolts, a trophy of guns and spears, &c., and one of dilemmas +(represented by a pair of bull's horns), syllogisms (made like a +three-pronged fork), and the like; these, ending with a battle on one +side, a convention of bishops on the other, show the power which (as +Hobbes would have it) each arm of the commonwealth should be able to +have at its command. The whole picture is at best an absurd conceit, and +very unworthy of the author of the _Leviathan_. + + H. A. B. + +The best edition of Hobbes's works was printed 1750. The print of +_Leviathan_ in it is neither like Charles nor Cromwell, of whom I have +old and good prints, and many. The print has at the bottom of it +"_Written_ by Thos. Hobbs, 1651." + + C. J. W. + +_Age of Trees_ (Vol. iv., p. 401.).--I am rather surprised that your +correspondent L., in his enumeration of remarkable trees, and +collections of trees, in Great Britain, makes no mention, whilst on the +subject of yew, of the splendid collection of old yew trees in Kingley +Bottom, near Chichester, in Sussex. Should L. never have visited this +charming spot, and its green antiquities, I can promise him a rich treat +whenever he does so. Common report of the neighbourhood, from time +immemorial, gives these venerable trees a date as far back as the +landing of the sea-kings on the coast of Sussex; and sundry poems by +local bards have been written on this theme. + +On one of the most prominent of the South Down Hills, rising immediately +above the yew-tree valley, and called Bow Hill, are two large, and some +smaller tumuli, which are always called by the natives the graves of the +sea-kings, who with their followers are supposed to have fallen in a +battle fought under these very yew trees. + +Can anybody tell me if the age of any of these trees has ever been +ascertained? Kingley Bottom, or, as people now-a-days prefer calling it, +Kingley Vale, is so much frequented as a spot for pic-nics and festive +days, that I have no doubt many of your readers have seen the trees to +which I refer, and can bear me out in asserting that they are worthy of +ranking, in age and beauty, with any of their species in the kingdom. + + SCANDINAVIAN. + +The "Hethel Thorn," so well known to many Norfolk people, is on a farm +now the property of that munificent patron of historical literature, Mr. +Hudson Gurney, by whom it was purchased from Sir Thomas Beevor. The +first Sir Thomas always said it was mentioned in a deed of 1200 and odd, +as a boundary, under the appellation of "the Old Thorn." It is stated, +also, that it is mentioned in some chronicle as _the thorn_ round which +a meeting of insurgent peasantry was held during the reign of King John +(can any readers of "NOTES AND QUERIES" give a reference to the precise +passage?). An etching of this interesting relic has been made by Mr. +Ninham. The involution of its branches, which are all hollow tubes, as +heavy as iron, is most curious; and although the tree is certainly +diminished of late years, it still puts out leaves and berries +vigorously. + + W. J. T. + +_Treatise against Equivocation_ (Vol. iv., p. 419.).--Your correspondent +EUPATOR has, in his examination of the MS. of this treatise, overlooked +a title prefixed by Garnet, which furnishes the heading by which the +book is correctly entered in the Catalogue of the Laudian MSS. as _A +Treatise against (not _of_ or _for_) Lying and Fraudulent +Dissimulation_. "Of" was first written, but at once crossed out, and +"against" written _after_ it, _not_ interlined. Of the two errors which +EUPATOR points out, the one was made at the press, by failure in reading +the contraction for "verbo," which is printed correctly at length at p. +43., and the other was a mistake on the part of the transcriber. + + W. D. M. + +_Lycian Inscriptions_ (Vol. iv., p. 383.).--As to the double language in +Homer of the gods and men, Heyne and others have thought (ad _Il._ A. +403.) that the one was the old language, the other the modern. See +Clarke ib., who thinks one was the learned name, the other the vulgar: +but gives a scholion of the former opinion. The passages are as follow: + + _Il._ Gods. Men. + [Greek: Alpha] 403. Briareus AEgaeon. + [Greek: Beta] 813. Tomb of Myrine Batiea. + [Greek: Xi] 291. Chalcis Cymindis. + [Greek: Upsilon] 74. Xanthus Scamander. + +All these words, except one, are plain Greek,--and that one is a word of +men. It is impossible, therefore, that the gods' language could have +been the antiquated Greek language. + +In the _Odyssey_ ([Greek: Kappa] 305.) Mercury says that a certain plant +is called _Moly_ by the gods, and that it is very difficult for men to +find. The answer to the question, What do men call it? therefore would +probably have been, that they have no name for it at all. It is an odd +word, not easy to derive, and ending in _u_; which Aristotle says is the +ending of only five words in Greek, and one of those, [Greek: asty], was +obsolete as an appellative in Aristotle's time. + +Ichor, though applied in Homer to the gods, he does not say was a word +of the gods; and as it is used in Hippocrates, it is more probably a +dialectic than an antiquated word. Its termination, however is rare; and +in another instance, [Greek: tekmor], was obsolete in Aristotle's time +(_Rhet. init._). + +As to the Lycian language, the alphabet is said, in the appendix to +Fellows, to resemble partly the Greek, partly the Zend, and one or two +letters the Etruscan. The language is said (ib. 430.) to resemble the +Zend more than any other known language; but to differ too much to be +considered as a dialect of Zend, and must rank as a separate language. + +I would observe, that one of the peculiarities mentioned, as compared +with all the Indo-Germanic languages--namely, the having no consonant at +the end of the masculine or feminine accusative--existed in the old +Latin, as in the Scipionic tombs, "optimo viro, omne Loucana." + +Sir Edmund Head, in the _Classical Museum_, No. II., considers the +people to be the Solymi of Homer. + + C. B. + +_Alterius Orbis Papa_ (Vol. ii., p. 497.).--In Twysden's _Historical +Vindication of the Church of England_, p. 22. (Cambridge edition, 1847), +I find-- + + "After the erection of Canterbury into an archbishopric, the bishops + of that see were held _quasi alterius orbis papae_, as Urban II. styled + them." + +In a note, William of Malmesbury (_De Gestis Pontif._, lib. i. in +Anselm., p. 223. l. 33.) is referred to as authority for the above +statement. Urban II. was pope from 1087 to 1099. + + C. W. G. + +_Carmagnoles_ (Vol. iv., p. 208.).--Your querist W. B. H. will perhaps +accept the following partial solution of his question, which has been +communicated to me by one of your own distinguished correspondents in +France. It is contained in a little volume published by Duellersan under +the following title, _Chansons Nationales et Populaires de France_, +Paris, 1846, 32mo: + + "Cette horrible chanson, la Carmagnole, est un monument curieux de la + folie demagogique, et nous la donnons pour faire voir avec quelle + poesie brutale on excitait le peuple. Elle eut une vogue en Aout 1792, + epoque a laquelle Louis XVI. fut mis au Temple. Elle devint le signal + et l'accompagnement des joies feroces et des executions sanglantes. On + dansait la _Carmagnole_ dans les bals; on la dansait au theatre et + autour de la guillotine. Barrere appelait les discours qu'il + prononcait a la Convention, _des Carmagnoles_. L'air, qui est + veritablement entrainant, etait joue en pas redouble dans la musique + militaire; mais Bonaparte la defendit, ainsi que le _Ca-ira_, lors + qu'il fut Consul. + + "Cette chanson parut au moment ou les troupes Francaises venaient + d'entrer triomphantes dans la Savoie et le Piemont. On ignore si la + musique et la danse de _la Carmagnole_ sont originaires de ce pays." + +In the month of January, 1849, the General-in-Chief of the army of +Paris, Changarnier, having taken vigorous measures to prevent new +tumults, the first verse of the original, which commences-- + + "Madame Veto avait promis + De faire egorger tout Paris," + +was thus parodied: + + "Changarnier avait promis + De faire bruler tout Paris," &c. + + PERIERGUS BIBLIOPHILUS. + +_General James Wolfe_ (Vol. iv., p. 271.).--The late Admiral Frank +Sotheron, of Kirklington Hall, near Southwell, Notts, was, I have heard, +related to Wolfe, and possessed a portrait and several letters of his. +Admiral Sotheron died some ten years ago, but his daughter (and only +child) married the present member for Wilts, who afterwards took the +name of Sotheron. + + J. M. W. + +I have a portrait of Wolfe in my possession, and, I believe, the +original from which the print, stated to be a scarce and contemporary +one, was taken, which furnishes the frontispiece to the second volume of +the _History of the Canadas_, by the author of _Hochelaga_. It fell, +singularly enough, into my hands a short time previous to the appearance +of the work in question, and I have been enabled since to trace its +possession by parties, and amongst them members of my own family, for a +very lengthened period. The artist I have not been able to discover; but +perhaps some possessor of the print, should the name appear, will afford +this information. + + C. A. P. + + (Great Yarmouth.) + +As your pages have lately contained several communications on the +subject of General Wolfe, I send you the following story, which I heard +from a lady now deceased. Some time after Wolfe's death his family +wished to give some memorial of him to the lady who had been engaged to +him, and they consulted her as to the form which it should take. Her +answer was, "A diamond necklace;" and her reason, because she was going +to be married to another person, and such an ornament would be useful. +My informant, whose birth, according to the _Peerage_, was in 1766, had, +in her earlier days, often met this lady, and described her as showing +remains of beauty, but as no wiser than this anecdote would lead us to +suppose her. + + J. C. R. + +_Johannes Trithemius_ (Vol. iv., p. 442.).--This noted historian and +divine was born at Trittenheim, in the electorate of Treves, in 1462. He +became abbot of Spanheim about 1482, where he made a rich collection of +manuscript and printed books. In 1506 he was appointed abbot of St. +James at Wurtzbourg. His writings are numerous, and there is an ample +collection of them in the British Museum. In his _Nepiachus_ he gives an +account of his life and studies. He died at Wurtzbourg in 1516. The +learned and judicious Daunou thus characterises the volume _De +scriptoribus ecclesiasticis_: "Malgre beaucoup d'omissions et d'erreurs, +ce livre a ete fort utile a ceux qui ont depuis mieux traite la meme +matiere; on le consulte encore aujourd'hui." + +Leland, Bale, Pits, and Wharton, have recorded their obligations to +Trithemius. The venerable Leland quotes him frequently, under the name +of Trittemius, and styles him "homo diligentiae plane maximae nec minoris +lectionis." + + BOLTON CORNEY. + + "John Trytheme was a German Benedictine, and Abbot of Hirsauge, A.D. + 1484. He was the author of _A Catalogue of Ecclesiastical Writers_, + several _Letters_, Treatises of _Piety_, of _Doctrine_, and + _Morality_, other historical works, and _The Chronicle of + Hirsauge_."--(See Dufresnoy's _Chronological Tables_.) + +It would appear that the work _Trithemii Collectanea de Scriptoribus +Ecclesiasticis_ has gone through several editions; and Walch tells us +that "inter omnes ea eminet, quam Jo. Alberto Fabricio debemus." The +following remarks also respecting Trithemius appear in Walch's +_Bibliotheca_ (tom. iii. p. 389.): + + "Incipit Trithemius a Clemente Romano; recenset scriptores 970; ac + testatur, se in opere hoc conficiendo per septem fere annorum spatium + elaborasse. Possevinus, Labbeus, atque alii, varios ejus errores + chronologicos ac historicos notarunt. Quodsi autem rationem temporis + reputamus, quo Trithemius vixit scripsitque, causa omnino est, cur eum + ob errata non reprehendamus, sed excusemus atque industriam illius + laudemus." + +Cave, also, in his _Historia Literaria_ (part ii. p. 569.), gives us a +brief account of Trithemius, and of his literary productions. + + E. C. HARRINGTON. + + The Close, Exeter. + +The work of John Trittenheim, _De Scriptoribus Ecclesiasticis_, is held +in high and deserved repute. (See Fabricius, _Biblioth. Latin. Med. +AEtat._, iv. 451.) He died abbot of Wuertzburg, in 1518. The copy of A. W. +H. is the first edition, which was published at Mainz (Moguntia) in +1494. + + C. H. + +_Sir William Herschel_ (Vol. ii., p. 391.).--Your correspondent gives +the quotation about the star observed in Virgo, which he supposes +identical with Neptune, quite correctly, except in one very material +point--the observer's name. The passage in question will be found in +Captain W. H. Smyth's _Cycle of Celestial Objects_, vol. ii. p. 264., +and is extracted from a letter addressed to him by M. Cacciatore of +Palermo, in 1835, many years after the death of Sir William. H. C. K. is +not the first person who has suggested the identity of the objects; but, +as pointed out by Captain Smyth in a paper on Neptune, in the _United +Service Journal_ for 1847, Part II., Neptune must, in 1835, have been +fully 120[degrees] from the position assigned by Cacciatore to the star observed +by him. + + J. S. WARDEN. + + Balica, Oct. 1851. + +_Dr. Wm. Wall_ (Vol. iv., p. 347.).--Your decision to exclude any +further contributions upon the question of the "Marriage of +Ecclesiastics" is most judicious. But ought the portion of Mr. HENRY +WALTER'S reply respecting Dr. Wall to pass unnoticed? Had the writer +referred to any of the biographical dictionaries in ordinary use, he +would have discovered that the "well-known Mr. Wall who wrote on +baptism" had conferred on him by the University of Oxford the degree of +D.D., to testify their high opinion of his writings. + +In addition to the Doctor's works on the baptismal controversy, two +books, which are not often met with now, were published after his death, +bearing the following titles:-- + + "Brief Critical Notes, especially on the various readings of the New + Testament Books. With a Preface concerning the Texts cited therein + from the Old Testament, as also concerning the Use of the Septuagint + Translation. By W. Wall, S.T.P., author of the History of Infant + Baptism, London, 1730." 8vo., pp. lxiv. 415. + + "Critical Notes on the Old Testament, wherein the present Hebrew Text + is explained, and in many places amended, from the ancient Versions, + more particularly from that of the LXXII. Drawn up in the order the + several Books were written, or may most conveniently be read. To which + is prefixed a large Introduction, adjusting the Authority of the + Masoretic Bible, and vindicating it from the objections of Mr. + Whiston, and the Author of the Grounds and Reasons of the Christian + Religion. By the late learned William Wall, D.D., Author of the + History of Infant Baptism. Now first published from his Original + Manuscript. London, 1734." 2 vols. 8vo. pp. lxi. 307. 354. v. + +These are valuable works, explaining many difficult expressions. + + JOHN I. DREDGE. + +_Parish Registers_ (Vol. iv., p. 232.).--J. B. is referred for the acts +of parliament relating to "Parish Registers," to Burn's _History of +Parish Registers_, 1829. This work has been out of print fifteen or +sixteen years, but may be seen in many public libraries. + + J. S. B. + +_Compositions during the Protectorate_ (Vol. iv., p. 406.).--W. H. L. +will probably find what he wants in a small volume, easily met with, +entitled _A Catalogue of the Lords, Knights, and Gentlemen that have +compounded for their Estates_, London, 1655, 12mo.; or another edition, +enlarged, Chester, 1733, 8vo. (See _Lowndes_, vol. i. p. 363.) + + H. F. + +_General Moyle_ (Vol. iv., p. 443.).--Major General John Moyle, who died +in 1738, and was buried at Rushbrooke, near Bury St. Edmund's, was the +son of the Rev. John Moyle, of Wimborne Minster, co. Dorset, by Mary his +wife, daughter and coheir of Sir Giles Eyre, Kt., one of the Judges of +the Common Pleas. General Moyle, by his wife, who was Isabella daughter +of Sir Robert Davers, of Rushbrooke, Bart., had a family of five sons +and one daughter; the latter married Samuel Horsey, Bath king-at-arms. + + G. A. C. + +_Descendants of John of Gaunt_ (Vol. iv., p. 343.).--A. B. may be right +as to there being "some little confusion in Burke's excellent work." +There certainly is no "_little_ confusion" in A. B.'s communication. + +Margaret Beaufort, successively Countess of Richmond and Derby, the +mother of King Henry VII., was the only child of John Beaufort, the +first Duke of Somerset. + +What can A. B. mean by "Henry, Edmund, and John, successively dukes of +Somerset," to whom he conjectures Margaret Beaufort might have been +sister? There were not three brothers Beaufort successively _dukes_ of +Somerset; nor were there ever three successive dukes of Somerset named +Henry, Edmund and John; though there certainly was a succession of John, +Edmund, and Henry, they being respectively father, uncle, and cousin of +Margaret. + +John Beaufort, Earl of Somerset, who had been created Marquis of +Somerset and Dorset, was, on his death (1410), succeeded in the earldom +of Somerset by his eldest son, Henry Beaufort, who dying without issue +(1418), the second son, John Beaufort, succeeded to this earldom. He was +created _Duke_ of Somerset (1443), and on his death without male issue +(1444), the dukedom became extinct; but the earldom of Somerset +descended to his brother, Edmund Beaufort, Marquis of Dorset (the third +son of John Beaufort, Earl of Somerset), who was afterwards (1448) +created Duke of Somerset. He was slain at the battle of St. Alban's +(1455), and was succeeded by his eldest son, Henry Beaufort, who was +beheaded in 1463. He is said to have been succeeded by his next brother, +Edmund Beaufort; but it is doubtful if the fact were so, and the better +opinion seems to be that the dukedom became extinct by the attainder of +Duke Henry in 1463. + +"The second and last Duke John," alluded to by A. B., is altogether a +myth: the last Beaufort Duke of Somerset was either Henry or Edmund; and +there was but one Duke John, and he was not the "second and last," but +the _first_ duke. + + C. H. COOPER. + + Cambridge. + +_Church of St. Bene't Fink_ (Vol. iv., p. 407.).--I think some account +of the inscriptions, or of their having been transcribed, will be found +in the _Gentleman's Magazine_, as well as of those removed by the +destruction of the church of _St. Michael's, Crooked Lane_, in order to +make the approaches for new London Bridge; there, also, I think I have +seen some account of the inscriptions in the church pulled down for the +erection of the _Bank of England_. The preservation of the monumental +records of the dead has been so frequently suggested in "NOTES AND +QUERIES," that I will not occupy space by urging further arguments in +favour of the scheme proposed for the transcription and preservation of +inscriptions on monuments and grave-stones. The numerous churches which, +in these days, are undergoing alterations and repairs, call for your +continued exertion to effect the object you have already submitted for +the purpose in former numbers. The ancient church of St. Mary, Lambeth, +has just been rebuilt, and many of the monumental tablets will of +necessity be removed from their former sites, and grave-stones may +disappear. The venerable _Ashmole_ lies at the entrance of the old +vestry, under a flat stone; and outside, a short distance from the +window, lies _Tradescant_, under a large altar-tomb in a state of decay! + + G. + +When the church of St. Bene't Fink was pulled down, to make room for the +new Royal Exchange in 1844, the monumental tablets, &c. were removed to +the church of St. Peter's-le-Poor in Old Broad Street, to which Parish +the former is now annexed. + + J. R. W. + + Bristol. + +_Coins of Vabalathus_ (Vol. iv., pp. 255, 427.).--An article on the +coins of the Zenobia family appeared in the _Revue Numismatique_, 1846, +vol. xi. p. 268. The writer of that article says-- + + "Il est impossible de rendre compte du mot [Greek: SROIAS] ou + [Greek: SRIAS], qui precede, sur quelques pieces, le nom de + _Vabalathus_. La meme observation s'applique aux medailles Latines + du meme prince, dont le nom est suivi d'un certain nombre de + lettres, VCRIMDR ou VCRIIVID auxquelles on s'est efforce + inutilement de trouver un sens." + + W. W. + +_Engraved Portrait_ (Vol. iv., p. 443).--This is the portrait of Daniel +De Foe, and was engraved by W. Sherwin. The verses underneath are-- + + "Here you may see an honest face, + Arm'd against Envy and Disgrace, + Who lives respected still in spite + Of those that punish them that write." + +It is mentioned in _The Catalogue of English Heads_, by Jos. Ames, p. +57. + + JOHN I. DREDGE. + +"_Cleanliness is next to godliness_" (Vol. iv., p. 256.).--The author of +the Epistle to the Hebrews says (ch. x. v. 22.): + + "Let us draw near with a true heart, in full assurance of faith, + having our hearts sprinkled from an evil conscience, and our bodies + washed with pure water." + +It has long been my opinion that the proverb in question arose from the +above text, in which _a pure conscience_, a necessary condition of +_godliness_, is immediately followed by an injunction to _cleanliness_. + + H. T. + +_Cozens the Painter_ (Vol. iv., p. 368.).--I would refer your +correspondent, for the few particulars known of him, to Edwards's +_Anecdotes of Painting_, 1808 (in continuation of Horace Walpole's +_Anecdotes_), p. 120. + +Cozens's chief patrons were Wm. Beckford, Esq., of Fonthill; G. Baker, +of St. Paul's Churchyard; John Hawkins, Esq., of Bognor; and the Earl of +Harewood (of his time). If your correspondent wishes to see some few +fine specimens of his works, Mr. George Smith, of Hamilton Terrace, and +Charles Sackwille Bale, Esq., of Cambridge Terrace, possess some very +fine ones. Mr. J. Heywood Hawkins has at Bognor his father's collection. + +Cozens's fine drawings are very uncommon, and he is now little known, +though one of the fathers of the Water-Colour School, and of the highest +ability. I am not aware of any published portrait of him: your +correspondent's portrait of him by Pine is therefore interesting. Pine +was Cozens's mother's brother. + + FRANCIS GRAVES. + +In addition to the opinion ascribed to Mr. Turner, it may be mentioned +that the late John Constable, R.A., spoke of Cozens as "_the_ greatest +of landscape-painters." I cannot at present give a reference to Leslie's +_Life of Constable_, but am sure that this saying occurs there more than +once. + + J. C. R. + +_Whig and Tory_ (Vol. iv., pp. 57. 281.).--In addition to what has +appeared in "NOTES AND QUERIES" respecting the etymology of these terms, +I send you a note of what Lingard says on the matter: + + "The celebrated party name _Tory_ is derived from _toringhim_, to + pursue for the sake of plunder. The name was given to certain parties + in Ireland, who, refusing to submit to Cromwell, retired into bogs and + fastnesses, formed bodies of armed men, supporting themselves and + their followers by the depredations which they committed on the + occupiers of their estates. They were called _Raperees_ and _Tories_." + + "It was during the reign of Charles II. that the appellations of + _Whig_ and _Tory_ became permanently affixed to the two great + political parties.... The first had long been given to the Covenanters + on the west of Scotland, and was supposed to convey a charge of + seditious and anti-monarchical principles...." + + PHILIP S. KING. + +_Prince Rupert's Drops_ (Vol. iv., pp. 234. 274.).--In your reply to the +Query respecting these drops, you state that it is not certain in what +country they were invented; I may therefore mention that the French call +them _larmes Bataviques_, from the circumstance of their being made in +Holland; from whence some were sent to Paris in 1656, to the Swedish +minister there, M. Chanut. + + PHILIP S. KING. + +_Deep Well near Bansted Downs_ (Vol. iv., p. 315.).--I am well +acquainted with the country immediately south of the Bansted Downs, and +can give W. S. G. some information about the wells there. + +I know no country where there is so great a scarcity of water. The +nearest stream is a small branch of the Mole, which has its rise some +three miles off, just beyond Merstham (pronounced "Meestrum"). The ponds +are very few and shallow, so that the inhabitants have to rely on wells +for their water. Wells, however, are an expensive luxury, and appertain +only to the better-most dwellings. I know several labourers' cottages +distant upwards of a mile from the nearest well or pond; they use what +water they catch, and when that is gone, shift as they best can,--most +commonly do without. This scarcity of water may be the reason why a +district within fifteen miles of London is so thinly populated. + +The country is very hilly, and even the valleys are some height above +the level of London. Woodmansterne is said to be the highest point in +Surrey next to Leith Hill. + +Most of the farm-houses and superior cottages have wells, and many of +these are of considerable depth. There is one just at the foot of +Bansted Downs (and consequently in the valley), which is 120 feet deep. +After a dry summer this well is very low, and after a second quite +empty. This is about the general depth of the valley wells. There is one +in the railway valley, below Chipsted Church, some 100 feet deep; I have +never known it dry. Within a stone's throw of this last, the London and +Brighton railway runs in a very deep cutting,--I have been told the +deepest railway cutting in England,--and great fears were entertained +that this deep cutting would drain this and several neighbouring wells. +The only way, however, in which the railway affected the wells, was to +cut right through one, parts of which may still be seen in the +embankment. + +It is not always the case that a deep well will drain its shallow +neighbours. At the Feathers Inn, at Merstham, is a well cut in the solid +chalk, 160 feet deep; this was quite out the other day, while two or +three wells not fifty yards off, each thirty feet deep, had plenty of +water. + +Of course the wells on the hills are much deeper than those in the +valleys. At a farm called Wood Place, some three miles from Bansted, is +a well 365 feet deep; it is never actually out of water; four pair of +hands are needed to raise the bucket. + +At a farm called Portnals, about a mile from Bansted, is the deepest +well I know in these parts; a horse is required to draw the water. It is +some 460 feet, and, I have been told, generally somewhat low. All these +wells are, I believe, in the chalk. + +In this part of Surrey are some wells said to be 500, 600, or even 700 +feet deep. + +W. S. G. may find some resemblance between the above and the one he +wants, else there is no truth in a well. + +I fear I am taking more of your space than my subject merits. I will +therefore briefly conclude with a Query. + +Where are the deepest wells in England? + + P. M. M. + +_Mrs. Mary Anne Clarke_ (Vol. iv., p. 396.).--Is Mrs. Mary Anne Clarke +really dead? + +She was alive two years since, and was then living with her son, Colonel +Clarke, somewhere on the Continent. Colonel Clarke is an officer of the +line, and is universally respected. + +I obtained the above information from a friend and brother officer of +the Colonel. + + FM. + +_Upton Court_ (Vol. iv., p. 315.).--My friend Miss Mitford gives a most +interesting account of Upton Court in the _Ladies' Companion_ for August +1850, which, as I know the place well, I believe to be perfectly +correct. A short extract may not be unwelcome: + + "Fifty years ago a Catholic priest was the sole inhabitant of this + interesting mansion. His friend, the late Mrs. Lenoir, Christopher + Smart's daughter, whose books, when taken up, one does not care to put + down again, wrote some verses to the great oak. Her nieces, whom I am + proud to call my friends, possess many reliques of that lovely + Arabella Fermor of whom Pope, in the charming dedication to the most + charming of his poems, said that 'the character of Belinda, as it was + now managed, resembled her in nothing but beauty.' + + "Amongst these reliques are her rosary, and a portrait, taken when she + was twelve or thirteen years of age. The face is most interesting: a + high, broad forehead; dark eyes, richly fringed and deeply set; a + straight nose, pouting lips, and a short chin finely rounded. The + dress is dark and graceful, with a little white turned back about the + neck and the loose sleeves. Altogether I never saw a more charming + girlish portrait, with so much of present beauty and so true a promise + of more,--of that order, too, high and intellectual, which great poets + love. Her last surviving son died childless in 1769, and the estate + passed into another family. + + "Yet another interest belongs to Upton; not indeed to the Court, but + to the Rectory. Poor Blanco White wrote under that roof his first + work, the well-known _Doblado's Letters_; and the late excellent + rector, Mr. Bishop, in common with the no less excellent Lord Holland + and Archbishop Whately, remained, through all that tried and alienated + other hearts, his fast friend to his last hour." + +The portrait of Arabella Fermor is in Reading, purchased at a sale at +Upton Court many years ago, when the property changed hands. + + JULIA R. BOCKETT. + + Southcote Lodge. + + + + +Miscellaneous. + + +NOTES ON BOOKS, SALES, CATALOGUES, ETC. + +Of the value of broadsides, flying sheets, political squibs, popular +ballads, &c. few can doubt; while the advantage of having these snatches +of popular literature, when collected, deposited in some public and +easily accessible library, will be readily admitted by all who may have +had occasion to trespass on the time and attention (readily as they may +be afforded to parties entitled to claim them), of the Master and +Fellows of Magdalene, when requiring to consult the matchless collection +of ballads, penny merriments, and chap books, deposited in their library +by Samuel Pepys. These remarks have been suggested to us by a very +handsome quarto volume entitled _Catalogue of Proclamations, Broadsides, +Ballads, and Poems presented to the Chetham Library_, by J. O. +Halliwell, Esq. As this catalogue is limited to one hundred copies, and +has been printed for private circulation only, we must confine ourselves +to announcing that it contains an enumeration of upwards of three +thousand documents of the classes specified, many of them of very +considerable interest, which the zeal of Mr. Halliwell has enabled him +to gather together, and which his liberality has led him to deposit in +the Chetham Library. We have marked several articles to which we propose +to call the attention of our readers at some future moment; and we have +no doubt that the Halliwell Collection in the Chetham Library, is one +which will hereafter be frequently referred to, and consulted by, +literary men. + +If the Popular Mythology of these islands is ever to be fitly recorded, +its most important illustration will be found in the writings of Grimm +and his fellow-labourers. How zealously they are pursuing their search +after the scattered fragments of the great mythological system which +once prevailed in Germany is shown by a new contribution to its history, +which has just been published by J. W. Wolf, under the title of +_Beitraege zur Deutschen Mythologie_: I. _Goetter und Goettinnen_. In this +volume the reader will find not only much that is new and interesting in +connection with the history of the great mythic heroes and heroines, but +very valuable supplements on the subject of Superstitions and Popular +Charms. + +Mr. D'Alton, the author of _The History of Drogheda_, is about to +dispose of his Historical, Topographical, and Genealogical MS. +Collections. They occupy upwards of 200 volumes, and comprise, on the +plan of Watt's _Bibliotheca_, copious references to, and extracts from +Records, Registries, Pleadings, Wills, Funeral Monuments, and Manuscript +Pedigrees. They are to be sold wholly, or in lots, as classified at the +commencement of Mr. D'Alton's _Annals of Boyle_. + +Messrs. Ellis and Son, watchmakers, of Exeter, have published a very +interesting _Map showing the Time kept by Public Clocks in various Towns +in Great Britain_. Among many other curious notes which may be made on +this subject, we may mention that it is Sunday in Inverness and Glasgow +nearly seventeen minutes earlier than at Plymouth; and it will be 1852 +in Liverpool eleven minutes before it will be so in Bristol. + +Messrs. Cook and Hockin, of 289. Strand, have prepared a cheap, but very +complete Chemical Chest, to accompany _Stockhardt's Principles of +Chemistry illustrated by Simple Experiments_, recently published by Bohn +in his _Scientific Library_. + + +BOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES + +WANTED TO PURCHASE. + +TIMES NEWSPAPER, 1835 to 1840, or any of those years, in Vols. or +Numbers. + +FUESSLEIN, JOH. CONRAD, BEYTRAGE ZUR ERLAEUTERUNG DER +KIRCHEN-REFORMATIONS-GESCHICHTE DES SCHWEITZERLANDES. 5 Vols. Zurich, +1741. + +THE COMPLAYNT OF SCOTLAND. 7_s._ 6_d._ will be given for a good complete +copy. + +SOUTHEY'S EDITION OF COWPER. Vols. X. XII. XIII. XIV. + +JOURNAL OF THE GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF DUBLIN. Vol. I. Part I. (Several +copies are wanted, and it is believed that many are lying in London or +Dublin.) + +MITFORD'S HISTORY OF GREECE. Vol. VI. Cadell, 1822. 8vo. + +WILLIS'S ARCHITECTURE OF THE MIDDLE AGES. 15_s._ will be given for a +copy. + +FLUDD (ROBERT, M.D.) _alias_ DE FLUCTIBUS, called the Searcher. Any of +his works. + +BEHMEN'S (JACOB) GENESIS. + +LAW'S APPEAL, &c. + +LAW'S APPEAL CASE OF REASON. + + [Star symbol] Letters, stating particulars and lowest price, _carriage + free_, to be sent to MR. 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By this arrangement we +shall render unnecessary the double or Sixpenny Numbers now issued +nearly every month; thus avoiding a good deal of occasional confusion, +and rendering the price of the enlarged_ "NOTES AND QUERIES" _for the +whole year very little more than it is at present._ + +_We have to apologize to many of our correspondents, more especially our +Querists, for the non-insertion of their communications. But we have +been anxious at the close of our Volume to insert as many Replies as +possible. 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Gresham +Street West, and all Booksellers. + + +On the 1st of January, Part I. price 4_s._ of + + A DICTIONARY OF + GREEK AND ROMAN GEOGRAPHY. + BY VARIOUS WRITERS. + + Illustrated with Coins, Plans of Cities, Districts and Battles, + &c. + + EDITED BY WILLIAM SMITH, LL.D., Editor of the Dictionaries of + "Greek and Roman Antiquities," and of "Biography and Mythology." + + Although for the sake of uniformity, it is called a Dictionary of + _Greek_ and _Roman_ Geography, it will be in reality a Dictionary + of _Ancient_ Geography, including even Scriptural Names. At + present there does not exist, either in the English or in the + German languages, any work on Ancient Geography sufficiently + comprehensive and accurate to satisfy the demands of modern + scholarship. And yet there are few subjects connected with + antiquity for which we have such ample materials. The discoveries + of modern travellers, as well as the researches of modern + scholars, have, within the last few years, added greatly to our + knowledge of Ancient Geography; and it will be the aim of the + Editor to present, in the present work, the results of their + labours in this important branch of Classical Antiquity. + + The work will, of course, not be confined to a barren description + of the geography of countries and of the sites of places; but it + will also include an account of the political history, both of + countries and of cities. An attempt will likewise be made to + trace, as far as possible, the history of the more important + buildings of the cities, and to give an account of their present + condition, wherever they still exist. + + [Star symbol] To appear in Quarterly Parts, and to form One Volume, + Medium 8vo. + + London: TAYLOR, WALTON, and MABERLY, 28. Upper Gower Street, and + 27. Ivy Lane, Paternoster Row; and JOHN MURRAY, Albemarle Street. + + +BEATSON'S POLITICAL INDEX MODERNISED. + + Just published, in 8vo., price 25_s._ half-bound, + + HAYDN'S BOOK OF DIGNITIES: Containing Rolls of the Official + Personages of the British Empire, Civil, Ecclesiastical, Judicial, + Military, Naval, and Municipal, from the Earliest Periods to the + Present Time; compiled chiefly from the Records of the Public + Offices. Together with the Sovereigns of Europe, from the + Foundation of their respective States; the Peerage of England and + of Great Britain; and numerous other Lists. + + "It is impossible to speak too highly of this stupendous + repository of historical information."--_John Bull._ + + "We should find it difficult to speak too highly of a vast labour + of this kind, so useful in the benefits it extends to others, so + modest in the praise it challenges for itself."--_Examiner._ + + "It is difficult to exaggerate the usefulness of a compilation + like this. To all public and official men, and to others engaged + in various branches of historical research, it will be a book of + constant reference."--_Morning Post._ + + "The 'Book of Dignities' will become a necessary volume in all + public offices, and will be found in most libraries a valuable + book of reference, in affording information of a kind not + elsewhere collected together, while it may be relied on as recent + and authentic."--_Literary Gazette._ + + London: LONGMAN, BROWN, GREEN, and LONGMANS. + + +Valuable and Curious Library of the late Edward Drummond Hay, Esq. + + MESSRS. S. LEIGH SOTHEBY & JOHN WILKINSON, Auctioneers of Literary + Property and Works illustrative of the Fine Arts, will SELL by + AUCTION, at their House, 3. Wellington Street, Strand, on MONDAY, + December 22d., 1851, and following Day, at 1 o'Clock precisely, a + very Valuable Collection of Books, including the Second Portion of + the Library of the late Edward Drummond Hay, Esq., comprising + numerous Rare and Curious Articles in Theological and Historical + Literature, Works relating to the early History of America, + curious Voyages and Travels, Old Poetry, &c., and containing, + among others of importance, Capt. (John) Davis's Worldes + Hydrographical Description, 1595, containing his Three Voyages to + the Northern Ocean, the Presentation Copy to Prince Henry, with + Autograph Note of the Writer; De Bry's Voyages, Three Parts, + 1590-2, the Plates finished in Gold and Silver, for the purpose of + Presentation; a large Copy of T. Coryate's Crudities, 1611, with + his Crambe and Odcombian Banquet: Rare Pieces, by Nicolas Breton, + Tom Nash, John Heywood, Geo. Whetstone, &c. Also, Copies of King + Edward VI.'s (1549 and 1552) and Queen Elizabeth's Editions of the + Prayer-Book, 1559; with other Interesting Books in Black Letter. + Sets of the Historical Society and the Parker Society + Publications, &c. + + May be viewed two days prior, and Catalogues had of + + MESSRS. PARKER, Oxford; DEIGHTON, Cambridge; LANGBRIDGE, + Birmingham; HODGES and SMITH, Dublin; BLACKWOOD, Edinburgh; and at + the place of Sale. If in the country, on receipt of four postage + stamps. + + +H. NOEL HUMPHREYS' NEW WORK. + + Now ready, in super-royal 8vo., price 28_s._ handsomely bound in + cloth, gilt edges, with 12 beautiful Chromo-lithographic + illustrations, &c. + + TEN CENTURIES OF ART; its Progress in Europe from the Ninth to the + Nineteenth Century; with a Glance at the Artistic Productions of + Classical Antiquity, and Considerations on the probable influence + of the Great Exhibition, and on the present state and future + prospects of Art in Great Britain. By H. NOEL HUMPHREYS. + + By the same Author, + + ANCIENT COINS AND MEDALS, with numerous Examples of Rare and + exquisite Greek and Roman Coins executed in actual Relief, and in + their respective Medals. Second Edition. Price 25_s._ bound. + + GRANT & GRIFFITH, corner of St. Paul's Churchyard. + + +Just published, Fcap. 8vo. cloth, price 6_s._ + + SERMONS on the DOCTRINES and MEANS of GRACE, and on the Seven + Words from the Cross. By GEORGE TREVOR, M.A., Canon of York. + + London: GEORGE BELL, 186. Fleet Street. + + +THE QUARTERLY REVIEW. No. CLXXIX. ADVERTISEMENTS and BILLS for the +forthcoming Number must be forwarded to the Publisher by the 22nd +instant. + + JOHN MURRAY, Albemarle Street. + + +Nearly ready in 1 vol. post 8vo., illustrated with Maps. + + INDIA IN GREECE, or TRUTH in MYTHOLOGY, by E. POCOCKE, Esq. This + work, containing the earliest History of Greece drawn from + original sources, treats of the Colonization of that Country from + North Western India; of the Buddhistic Propaganda, the Tartarian + Mission, and the Wars of the Grand Lama in Hellas. Corresponding + Maps of India and Greece, exhibit the exact parent tribes and + districts of the latter country--in Cashmir, Thibet, Tartary, + Afghanistan, and North Western India. This geographical basis + leads the way to a thorough revision of Early Hellenic History, + whereby the Cyclopes, Autochthones, Erectheus, Cecrops, + Corybantes, Cabeiri, and a long list of mythologic agents are at + once placed in the category of History. This work, equally adapted + to the general reader and the scholar, corroborates in the most + interesting way the Scriptural Accounts of the Hebrew Settlements + of the Children of Israel in Palestine, and demonstrates their + wars with the Tartar and Rajpoot tribes of that country. + + JOHN J. GRIFFIN & CO., 53. Baker Street, London. + + RICHARD GRIFFIN & CO., Glasgow. + + +This day, Octavo, 10_s._ 6_d._ + + MANUAL OF GEOGRAPHICAL SCIENCE. Edited by the Rev. C. G. NICOLAY, + F.R.G.S. Part the First, containing + + MATHEMATICAL GEOGRAPHY, by M. O'BRIEN, M.A., F.R.S., Professor of + Natural Philosophy and Astronomy in King's College, London. + + PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY, by D. T. ANSTED, M.A., F.R.S., Professor of + Geology in King's College, London. + + CHARTOGRAPHY, by J. R. JACKSON, F.R.S., late Secretary of the + Royal Geographical Society. + + THEORY OF DESCRIPTION AND GEOGRAPHICAL TERMINOLOGY, by Rev. C. G. + NICOLAY, F.R.G.S., Librarian of King's College, London. + + Also (to accompany the "Manual of Geographical Science"), 5_s._ + + ATLAS OF PHYSICAL AND HISTORICAL GEOGRAPHY. Engraved by J. W. + LOWRY, under the direction of Professor ANSTED and Rev. C. G. + NICOLAY. + + London: JOHN W. PARKER & SON, West Strand. + + +THE BEST IS THE CHEAPEST. + + The Best Congou Tea 3_s._ 8_d._ per lb. + The Best Souchong Tea 4_s._ 4_d._ " + The Best Gunpowder Tea 5_s._ 8_d._ " + The Best Old Mocha Coffee 1_s._ 4_d._ " + The Best West India Coffee 1_s._ 4_d._ " + The Fine True Ripe Rich + Rare Souchong Tea 4_s._ 0_d._ " + + 40_s._ worth or upwards sent CARRIAGE FREE to any part of England by + + PHILLIPS & CO., TEA MERCHANTS, No. 8. King William Street, City, + London. + + + + +Printed by THOMAS CLARK SHAW, of No. 8. New Street Square, at No. 5. New +Street Square, in the Parish of St. Bride, in the City of London: and +published by GEORGE BELL, of No. 186. Fleet Street, in the Parish of St. +Dunstan in the West, in the City of London, Publisher, at No. 186. Fleet +Street aforesaid.--Saturday, December 20. 1851. + + + + + [List of volumes and pages in "Notes and Queries", Vol. I-IV] + + +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+ + | Notes and Queries Vol. I. | + +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+ + | Vol., No. | Date, Year | Pages | PG # xxxxx | + +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+ + | Vol. I No. 1 | November 3, 1849 | 1 - 17 | PG # 8603 | + | Vol. I No. 2 | November 10, 1849 | 18 - 32 | PG # 11265 | + | Vol. I No. 3 | November 17, 1849 | 33 - 46 | PG # 11577 | + | Vol. I No. 4 | November 24, 1849 | 49 - 63 | PG # 13513 | + +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+ + | Vol. I No. 5 | December 1, 1849 | 65 - 80 | PG # 11636 | + | Vol. I No. 6 | December 8, 1849 | 81 - 95 | PG # 13550 | + | Vol. I No. 7 | December 15, 1849 | 97 - 112 | PG # 11651 | + | Vol. I No. 8 | December 22, 1849 | 113 - 128 | PG # 11652 | + | Vol. I No. 9 | December 29, 1849 | 130 - 144 | PG # 13521 | + +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+ + | Vol. I No. 10 | January 5, 1850 | 145 - 160 | PG # | + | Vol. I No. 11 | January 12, 1850 | 161 - 176 | PG # 11653 | + | Vol. I No. 12 | January 19, 1850 | 177 - 192 | PG # 11575 | + | Vol. I No. 13 | January 26, 1850 | 193 - 208 | PG # 11707 | + +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+ + | Vol. I No. 14 | February 2, 1850 | 209 - 224 | PG # 13558 | + | Vol. I No. 15 | February 9, 1850 | 225 - 238 | PG # 11929 | + | Vol. I No. 16 | February 16, 1850 | 241 - 256 | PG # 16193 | + | Vol. I No. 17 | February 23, 1850 | 257 - 271 | PG # 12018 | + +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+ + | Vol. I No. 18 | March 2, 1850 | 273 - 288 | PG # 13544 | + | Vol. I No. 19 | March 9, 1850 | 289 - 309 | PG # 13638 | + | Vol. I No. 20 | March 16, 1850 | 313 - 328 | PG # 16409 | + | Vol. I No. 21 | March 23, 1850 | 329 - 343 | PG # 11958 | + | Vol. I No. 22 | March 30, 1850 | 345 - 359 | PG # 12198 | + +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+ + | Vol. I No. 23 | April 6, 1850 | 361 - 376 | PG # 12505 | + | Vol. I No. 24 | April 13, 1850 | 377 - 392 | PG # 13925 | + | Vol. I No. 25 | April 20, 1850 | 393 - 408 | PG # 13747 | + | Vol. I No. 26 | April 27, 1850 | 409 - 423 | PG # 13822 | + +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+ + | Vol. I No. 27 | May 4, 1850 | 425 - 447 | PG # 13712 | + | Vol. I No. 28 | May 11, 1850 | 449 - 463 | PG # 13684 | + | Vol. I No. 29 | May 18, 1850 | 465 - 479 | PG # 15197 | + | Vol. I No. 30 | May 25, 1850 | 481 - 495 | PG # 13713 | + +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+ + | Notes and Queries Vol. II. | + +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Vol., No. | Date, Year | Pages | PG # xxxxx | + +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Vol. II No. 31 | June 1, 1850 | 1- 15 | PG # 12589 | + | Vol. II No. 32 | June 8, 1850 | 17- 32 | PG # 15996 | + | Vol. II No. 33 | June 15, 1850 | 33- 48 | PG # 26121 | + | Vol. II No. 34 | June 22, 1850 | 49- 64 | PG # 22127 | + | Vol. II No. 35 | June 29, 1850 | 65- 79 | PG # 22126 | + +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Vol. II No. 36 | July 6, 1850 | 81- 96 | PG # 13361 | + | Vol. II No. 37 | July 13, 1850 | 97-112 | PG # 13729 | + | Vol. II No. 38 | July 20, 1850 | 113-128 | PG # 13362 | + | Vol. II No. 39 | July 27, 1850 | 129-143 | PG # 13736 | + +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Vol. II No. 40 | August 3, 1850 | 145-159 | PG # 13389 | + | Vol. II No. 41 | August 10, 1850 | 161-176 | PG # 13393 | + | Vol. II No. 42 | August 17, 1850 | 177-191 | PG # 13411 | + | Vol. II No. 43 | August 24, 1850 | 193-207 | PG # 13406 | + | Vol. II No. 44 | August 31, 1850 | 209-223 | PG # 13426 | + +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Vol. II No. 45 | September 7, 1850 | 225-240 | PG # 13427 | + | Vol. II No. 46 | September 14, 1850 | 241-256 | PG # 13462 | + | Vol. II No. 47 | September 21, 1850 | 257-272 | PG # 13936 | + | Vol. II No. 48 | September 28, 1850 | 273-288 | PG # 13463 | + +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Vol. II No. 49 | October 5, 1850 | 289-304 | PG # 13480 | + | Vol. II No. 50 | October 12, 1850 | 305-320 | PG # 13551 | + | Vol. II No. 51 | October 19, 1850 | 321-351 | PG # 15232 | + | Vol. II No. 52 | October 26, 1850 | 353-367 | PG # 22624 | + +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Vol. II No. 53 | November 2, 1850 | 369-383 | PG # 13540 | + | Vol. II No. 54 | November 9, 1850 | 385-399 | PG # 22138 | + | Vol. II No. 55 | November 16, 1850 | 401-415 | PG # 15216 | + | Vol. II No. 56 | November 23, 1850 | 417-431 | PG # 15354 | + | Vol. II No. 57 | November 30, 1850 | 433-454 | PG # 15405 | + +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Vol. II No. 58 | December 7, 1850 | 457-470 | PG # 21503 | + | Vol. II No. 59 | December 14, 1850 | 473-486 | PG # 15427 | + | Vol. II No. 60 | December 21, 1850 | 489-502 | PG # 24803 | + | Vol. II No. 61 | December 28, 1850 | 505-524 | PG # 16404 | + +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Notes and Queries Vol. III. | + +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Vol., No. | Date, Year | Pages | PG # xxxxx | + +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Vol. III No. 62 | January 4, 1851 | 1- 15 | PG # 15638 | + | Vol. III No. 63 | January 11, 1851 | 17- 31 | PG # 15639 | + | Vol. III No. 64 | January 18, 1851 | 33- 47 | PG # 15640 | + | Vol. III No. 65 | January 25, 1851 | 49- 78 | PG # 15641 | + +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Vol. III No. 66 | February 1, 1851 | 81- 95 | PG # 22339 | + | Vol. III No. 67 | February 8, 1851 | 97-111 | PG # 22625 | + | Vol. III No. 68 | February 15, 1851 | 113-127 | PG # 22639 | + | Vol. III No. 69 | February 22, 1851 | 129-159 | PG # 23027 | + +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Vol. III No. 70 | March 1, 1851 | 161-174 | PG # 23204 | + | Vol. III No. 71 | March 8, 1851 | 177-200 | PG # 23205 | + | Vol. III No. 72 | March 15, 1851 | 201-215 | PG # 23212 | + | Vol. III No. 73 | March 22, 1851 | 217-231 | PG # 23225 | + | Vol. III No. 74 | March 29, 1851 | 233-255 | PG # 23282 | + +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Vol. III No. 75 | April 5, 1851 | 257-271 | PG # 23402 | + | Vol. III No. 76 | April 12, 1851 | 273-294 | PG # 26896 | + | Vol. III No. 77 | April 19, 1851 | 297-311 | PG # 26897 | + | Vol. III No. 78 | April 26, 1851 | 313-342 | PG # 26898 | + +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Vol. III No. 79 | May 3, 1851 | 345-359 | PG # 26899 | + | Vol. III No. 80 | May 10, 1851 | 361-382 | PG # 32495 | + | Vol. III No. 81 | May 17, 1851 | 385-399 | PG # 29318 | + | Vol. III No. 82 | May 24, 1851 | 401-415 | PG # 28311 | + | Vol. III No. 83 | May 31, 1851 | 417-440 | PG # 36835 | + +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Vol. III No. 84 | June 7, 1851 | 441-472 | PG # 37379 | + | Vol. III No. 85 | June 14, 1851 | 473-488 | PG # 37403 | + | Vol. III No. 86 | June 21, 1851 | 489-511 | PG # 37496 | + | Vol. III No. 87 | June 28, 1851 | 513-528 | PG # 37516 | + +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Notes and Queries Vol. IV. | + +-----------------+--------------------+---------+------------+ + | Vol., No. | Date, Year | Pages | PG # xxxxx | + +-----------------+--------------------+---------+------------+ + | Vol. IV No. 88 | July 5, 1851 | 1- 15 | PG # 37548 | + | Vol. IV No. 89 | July 12, 1851 | 17- 31 | PG # 37568 | + | Vol. IV No. 90 | July 19, 1851 | 33- 47 | PG # 37593 | + | Vol. IV No. 91 | July 26, 1851 | 49- 79 | PG # 37778 | + +-----------------+--------------------+---------+------------+ + | Vol. IV No. 92 | August 2, 1851 | 81- 94 | PG # 38324 | + | Vol. IV No. 93 | August 9, 1851 | 97-112 | PG # 38337 | + | Vol. IV No. 94 | August 16, 1851 | 113-127 | PG # 38350 | + | Vol. IV No. 95 | August 23, 1851 | 129-144 | PG # 38386 | + | Vol. IV No. 96 | August 30, 1851 | 145-167 | PG # 38405 | + +-----------------+--------------------+---------+------------+ + | Vol. IV No. 97 | Sept. 6, 1851 | 169-183 | PG # 38433 | + | Vol. IV No. 98 | Sept. 13, 1851 | 185-200 | PG # 38491 | + | Vol. IV No. 99 | Sept. 20, 1851 | 201-216 | PG # 38574 | + | Vol. IV No. 100 | Sept. 27, 1851 | 217-246 | PG # 38656 | + +-----------------+--------------------+---------+------------+ + | Vol. IV No. 101 | Oct. 4, 1851 | 249-264 | PG # 38701 | + | Vol. IV No. 102 | Oct. 11, 1851 | 265-287 | PG # 38773 | + | Vol. IV No. 103 | Oct. 18, 1851 | 289-303 | PG # 38864 | + | Vol. IV No. 104 | Oct. 25, 1851 | 305-333 | PG # 38926 | + +-----------------+--------------------+---------+------------+ + | Vol. IV No. 105 | Nov. 1, 1851 | 337-358 | PG # 39076 | + | Vol. IV No. 106 | Nov. 8, 1851 | 361-374 | PG # 39091 | + | Vol. IV No. 107 | Nov. 15, 1851 | 377-396 | PG # 39135 | + | Vol. IV No. 108 | Nov. 22, 1851 | 401-414 | PG # 39197 | + | Vol. IV No. 109 | Nov. 29, 1851 | 417-430 | PG # 39233 | + +-----------------+--------------------+---------+------------+ + | Vol. IV No. 110 | Dec. 6, 1851 | 433-460 | PG # 39338 | + | Vol. IV No. 111 | Dec. 13, 1851 | 465-478 | PG # 39393 | + +-----------------+--------------------+---------+------------+ + | Vol I. Index. [Nov. 1849-May 1850] | PG # 13536 | + | INDEX TO THE SECOND VOLUME. MAY-DEC., 1850 | PG # 13571 | + | INDEX TO THE THIRD VOLUME. JAN.-JUNE, 1851 | PG # 26770 | + +------------------------------------------------+------------+ + + + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Notes and Queries, Vol. IV, Number +112, December 20, 1851, by Various + +*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES AND QUERIES, DEC 20, 1851 *** + +***** This file should be named 39438.txt or 39438.zip ***** +This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: + http://www.gutenberg.org/3/9/4/3/39438/ + +Produced by Charlene Taylor, Jonathan Ingram and the Online +Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This +file was produced from images generously made available +by The Internet Library of Early Journals.) + + +Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions +will be renamed. + +Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no +one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation +(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without +permission and without paying copyright royalties. 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