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The Project Gutenberg EBook of The Recent Mammals of Tamaulipas, Mexico, by
Ticul Alvarez
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Title: The Recent Mammals of Tamaulipas, Mexico
Author: Ticul Alvarez
Release Date: April 4, 2012 [EBook #39372]
Language: English
Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1
*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE RECENT MAMMALS ***
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<p class="title">
<span class="smcap"><big>University of Kansas Publications</big></span><br />
<span class="smcap">Museum of Natural History</span></p>
<hr class="r5" />
<p class="title">Volume 14, No. 15, pp. 363-473, 5 figs.<br />
May 20, 1963</p>
<hr class="r45" />
<h1>The Recent Mammals of Tamaulipas, México</h1>
<p class="title"><small>BY</small><br /><br />
TICUL ALVAREZ<br /><br /><br />
<span class="smcap">University of Kansas</span><br />
<span class="smcap">Lawrence</span><br />
1963
</p>
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<h2><a name="front_pubs" id="front_pubs"></a>UNIVERSITY OF KANSAS PUBLICATIONS<br />
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<p>Institutional libraries interested in publications exchange may obtain
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There is no provision for sale of this series by the University
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<p class="i4">Vol. 1. Nos. 1-26 and index. Pp. 1-638, 1946-1950.</p>
<p class="i4">*Vol. 2. (Complete) Mammals of Washington. By Walter W.
Dalquest. Pp. 1-444, 140 figures in text. April 9, 1948.</p>
<p class="i4">Vol. 3. *1. The avifauna of Micronesia, its origin,
evolution, and distribution. By Rollin H. Baker. Pp. 1-359,
16 figures in text. June 12, 1951.<br /><br />
*2. A quantitative study of the nocturnal migration of
birds. By George H. Lowery, Jr. Pp. 361-472, 47 figures in
text. June 29, 1951.<br /><br />
3. Phylogeny of the waxwings and allied birds. By M. Dale
Arvey. Pp. 473-530, 49 figures in text, 13 tables. October
10, 1951.<br /><br />
4. Birds from the state of Veracruz, Mexico. By George H.
Lowery, Jr., and Walter W. Dalquest. Pp. 531-649, 7 figures
in text, 2 tables. October 10, 1951.<br /><br />
Index. Pp. 651-681.</p>
<p class="i4">*Vol. 4. (Complete) American weasels. By E. Raymond Hall.
Pp. 1-466, 41 plates, 31 figures in text. December 27, 1951.</p>
<p class="i4">Vol. 5. Nos. 1-37 and index. Pp. 1-676, 1951-1953.</p>
<p class="i4">*Vol. 6. (Complete) Mammals of Utah, <i>taxonomy and
distribution</i>. By Stephen D. Durrant. Pp. 1-549, 91 figures
in text, 30 tables. August 10, 1952.</p>
<p class="i4">Vol. 7. Nos. 1-15 and index. Pp. 1-651, 1952-1955.</p>
<p class="i4">Vol. 8. Nos. 1-10 and index. Pp. 1-675, 1954-1956.</p>
<p class="i4">Vol. 9. 1. Speciation of the wandering shrew. By James S.
Findley. Pp. 1-68, 18 figures in text. December 10, 1955.<br /><br />
2. Additional records and extension of ranges of mammals
from Utah. By Stephen D. Durrant, M. Raymond Lee, and
Richard M. Hansen. Pp. 69-80. December 10, 1955.<br /><br />
3. A new long-eared myotis (Myotis evotis) from northeastern
Mexico. By Rollin H. Baker and Howard J. Stains. Pp. 81-84.
December 10, 1955.<br /><br />
4. Subspeciation in the meadow mouse, Microtus
pennsylvanicus, in Wyoming. By Sydney Anderson. Pp. 85-104,
2 figures in text. May 10, 1956.<br /><br />
5. The condylarth genus Ellipsodon. By Robert W. Wilson. Pp.
105-116, 6 figures in text. May 19, 1956.<br /><br />
6. Additional remains of the multituberculate genus
Eucosmodon. By Robert W. Wilson. Pp. 117-123, 10 figures in
text. May 19, 1956.<br /><br />
7. Mammals of Coahuila, Mexico. By Rollin H. Baker. Pp.
125-335, 75 figures in text. June 15, 1956.<br /><br />
8. Comments on the taxonomic status of Apodemus peninsulae,
with description of a new subspecies from North China. By J.
Knox Jones, Jr. Pp. 337-346, 1 figure in text, 1 table.
August 15, 1956.<br /><br />
9. Extension of known ranges of Mexican bats. By Sydney
Anderson. Pp. 347-351. August 15, 1956.<br /><br />
10. A new bat (Genus Leptonycteris) from Coahuila. By Howard
J. Stains. Pp. 353-356. January 21, 1957.<br /><br />
11. A new species of pocket gopher (Genus Pappogeomys) from
Jalisco, Mexico. By Robert J. Russell. Pp. 357-361. January
21, 1957.<br /><br />
12. Geographic variation in the pocket gopher, Thomomys
bottae, in Colorado. By Phillip M. Youngman. Pp. 363-387, 7
figures in text. February 21, 1958.<br /><br />
13. New bog lemming (genus Synaptomys) from Nebraska. By J.
Knox Jones, Jr. Pp. 385-388. May 12, 1958.<br /><br />
14. Pleistocene bats from San Josecito Cave, Nuevo León,
México. By J. Knox Jones, Jr. Pp. 389-396. December 19,
1958.<br /><br />
15. New subspecies of the rodent Baiomys from Central
America. By Robert L. Packard. Pp. 397-404. December 19,
1958.<br /><br />
16. Mammals of the Grand Mesa, Colorado. By Sydney Anderson.
Pp. 405-414, 1 figure in text. May 20, 1959.<br /><br />
17. Distribution, variation, and relationships of the
montane vole, Microtus montanus. By Sydney Anderson. Pp.
415-511, 12 figures in text, 2 tables. August 1, 1959.<br /><br />
18. Conspecificity of two pocket mice, Perognathus goldmani
and P. artus. By E. Raymond Hall and Marilyn Bailey Ogilvie.
Pp. 513-518, 1 map. January 14, 1960.<br /><br />
19. Records of harvest mice, Reithrodontomys, from Central America, with description
of a new subspecies from Nicaragua. By Sydney Anderson and
J. Knox Jones, Jr. Pp. 519-529. January 14, 1960.<br /><br />
20. Small carnivores from San Josecito Cave (Pleistocene), Nuevo León, México.
By E. Raymond Hall. Pp. 531-538, 1 figure in text. January 14, 1960.<br /><br />
21. Pleistocene pocket gophers from San Josecito Cave, Nuevo León, México.
By Robert J. Russell. Pp. 539-548, 1 figure in text. January 14, 1960.<br /><br />
22. Review of the insectivores of Korea. By J. Knox Jones, Jr., and David H.
Johnson. Pp. 549-578. February 23, 1960.<br /><br />
23. Speciation and evolution of the pygmy mice, genus Baiomys. By Robert L.
Packard. Pp. 579-670, 4 plates, 12 figures in text. June 16, 1960.<br /><br />
Index. Pp. 671-690.</p>
<p class="center">
<small>(<a href="#continued">Continued</a> on inside of back cover)</small>
</p>
<hr class="chap" />
<p class="title">
<span class="smcap"><big>University of Kansas Publications</big></span><br />
<span class="smcap">Museum of Natural History</span></p>
<hr class="r5" />
<p class="title">Volume 14, No. 15, pp. 363-473, 5 figs.<br />
May 20, 1963</p>
<hr class="r45" />
<h1>The Recent Mammals of Tamaulipas, México</h1>
<p class="title"><small>BY</small><br /><br />
TICUL ALVAREZ<br /><br /><br />
<span class="smcap">University of Kansas</span><br />
<span class="smcap">Lawrence</span><br />
1963
</p>
<hr class="chap" />
<p class="center">
<span class="smcap">University of Kansas Publications, Museum of Natural History</span><br />
Editors: E. Raymond Hall, Chairman, Henry S. Fitch,<br />
Theodore H. Eaton, Jr.<br />
<br />
Volume 14, No. 15, pp. 363-473, 5 figs.<br />
Published May 20, 1963<br />
<br /><br />
<span class="smcap">University of Kansas</span><br />
Lawrence, Kansas<br />
<br /><br />
<small>PRINTED BY<br />
JEAN M. NEIBARGER, STATE PRINTER<br />
TOPEKA, KANSAS<br />
1963<br />
<br />
29-4228<br /></small>
</p>
<hr class="chap" /><p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_365" id="Page_365">[Pg 365]</a></span></p>
<h2><a name="The_Recent_Mammals_of_Tamaulipas_Mexico" id="The_Recent_Mammals_of_Tamaulipas_Mexico"></a>The Recent Mammals of Tamaulipas, México</h2>
<p class="title">BY<br />
TICUL ALVAREZ</p>
<h2><a name="CONTENTS" id="CONTENTS"></a>CONTENTS</h2>
<div class="center">
<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="toc">
<tr><td align="left"> </td><td align="right"><small>PAGE</small></td></tr>
<tr><td align="left"><span class="smcap">Introduction</span></td><td align="right"><a href="#INTRODUCTION">365</a></td></tr>
<tr><td align="left"><span class="smcap">Physiography</span></td><td align="right"><a href="#Page_366">366</a></td></tr>
<tr><td align="left"><span class="smcap">Climate</span></td><td align="right"><a href="#Page_368">368</a></td></tr>
<tr><td align="left"><span class="smcap">Affinities of Tamaulipan Mammals</span></td><td align="right"><a href="#Page_370">370</a></td></tr>
<tr><td align="left"><span class="smcap">Plant-Mammal Relationships</span></td><td align="right"><a href="#PLANT-MAMMAL_RELATIONSHIPS">371</a></td></tr>
<tr><td align="left"><span class="smcap">Barriers and Routes of Movement</span></td><td align="right"><a href="#Page_376">376</a></td></tr>
<tr><td align="left"><span class="smcap">History of Mammalogy</span></td><td align="right"><a href="#Page_379">379</a></td></tr>
<tr><td align="left"><span class="smcap">Conservation</span></td><td align="right"><a href="#CONSERVATION">381</a></td></tr>
<tr><td align="left"><span class="smcap">Methods and Acknowledgments</span></td><td align="right"><a href="#Page_384">384</a></td></tr>
<tr><td align="left"><span class="smcap">Gazetteer</span></td><td align="right"><a href="#Page_386">386</a></td></tr>
<tr><td align="left"><span class="smcap">Check-list</span></td><td align="right"><a href="#Page_388">388</a></td></tr>
<tr><td align="left"><span class="smcap">Accounts of Species and Subspecies</span></td><td align="right"><a href="#Page_393">393</a></td></tr>
<tr><td align="left"><span class="smcap">Literature Cited</span></td><td align="right"><a href="#Page_467">467</a></td></tr>
</table></div>
<hr class="chap" />
<h2><a name="INTRODUCTION" id="INTRODUCTION"></a>INTRODUCTION</h2>
<p>From Tamaulipas, the northeasternmost state in the Mexican Republic,
146 kinds of mammals, belonging to 72 genera, are here reported.
Mammals that are strictly marine in habit are not included. The state
is crossed in its middle by the Tropic of Cancer. Elevations vary from
sea level on the Golfo de México to more than 2700 meters in the Sierra
Madre Oriental; most of the state is below 300 meters in elevation. Its
area is 79,602 square kilometers (30,732 square miles).</p>
<p>Tamaulipas, meaning "lugar en que hay montes altos" (place of high
mountains), was explored in 1516 by the Spaniard Francisco Fernández de
Córdoba, but it was not until the 18th century that José de Escandón
established several villages in the new province of Nueva Santender
from which, in the time of Iturbide's Empire, Tamaulipas was separated
as a distinct political entity, with about the same boundaries that it
now has.</p>
<p>My first contact with the state of Tamaulipas, as a mammalogist, was in
1957, when in company with Dr. Bernardo Villa R. I visited the Cueva
del Abra in the southern part of the state. On several<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_366" id="Page_366">[Pg 366]</a></span> occasions since
then I have been in the state, especially when employed by the
Dirección General de Caza of the Mexican Government. In 1960-1962 I had
the opportunity of studying the mammalian fauna of Tamaulipas at the
Museum of Natural History of the University of Kansas. The
approximately 2000 specimens there represent many critical localities,
but are not sufficient to make this report as complete as could be
desired. Consequently the following account should be considered as a
contribution to the knowledge of the mammals of México and is offered
in the hope that it will stimulate future studies of the Mexican fauna,
especially that of the eastern region.</p>
<hr class="chap" />
<h2><a name="PHYSIOGRAPHY" id="PHYSIOGRAPHY"></a>PHYSIOGRAPHY</h2>
<p>Tamaulipas can be divided into three physiographic regions, which from
east to west are Gulf Coastal Plain, Sierra Madre Oriental, and Central
Plateau or Mexican Plateau (<a href="#fig1">Fig. 1</a>).</p>
<h3>Gulf Coastal Plain</h3>
<p>This physiographic region covers most of the state and extends
northward into Texas and a short distance southward into Veracruz.</p>
<p>According to Tamayo (1949) and Vivo (1953), the Gulf Coastal Plain is
formed by sedimentary rocks from Mesozoic to Pleistocene in age. The
most common type of soil is Rendzin, especially in the coastal area.
Elevations range from sea level to 300 meters. The area is in general a
flat plain inclined to the sea but this plain is broken by several
small sierras. The more important of these are the Sierra de
Tamaulipas, which rises to more than 1000 meters, and the Sierra San
Carlos, which has a maximum elevation of approximately 1670 meters. The
Sierra de San José de las Rucias is smaller.</p>
<h3>Sierra Madre Oriental</h3>
<p>This physiographic region is represented in Tamaulipas by a small part
of the long Sierra Madre Oriental that extends from the Big Bend area
in Texas southward to the Trans-volcanic Belt of central México. The
Sierra Madre Oriental is in the southwestern part of Tamaulipas. The
Sierra was formed by folding of the Middle and Upper Cretaceous and
Cenozoic deposits that now are 400 to 2700 meters in elevation. In
general, the soils are Chernozems.</p>
<p>This physiographic region is situated between the other two
physiographic regions in Tamaulipas and represents a barrier to the
distribution of some tropical mammals on the one hand and to those from
the Mexican Plateau on the other.</p><p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_367" id="Page_367">[Pg 367]</a></span></p>
<div class="figcenter" style="width: 387px;">
<a name="fig1" id="fig1"></a>
<img src="images/i_001.png" width="387" height="600" alt="Fig. 1. Three physiographic regions: 1 Coastal Plain; 2
Sierra Madre Oriental; 3 Central Plateau." title="Fig. 1. Three physiographic regions: 1 Coastal Plain; 2
Sierra Madre Oriental; 3 Central Plateau."/>
<span class="caption"><span class="smcap">Fig. 1.</span> Three physiographic regions: 1 Coastal Plain;
2 Sierra Madre Oriental; 3 Central Plateau.</span>
</div>
<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_368" id="Page_368">[Pg 368]</a></span></p>
<h3>Central Plateau</h3>
<p>This physiographic region, commonly termed the Mexican Plateau,
occupies only a small area of Tamaulipas in its southwesternmost part.
The plateau is approximately 900 meters above sea level. In general,
the Mexican Plateau was formed by Cretaceous sediments. The most common
type of soil is Chestnut.</p>
<hr class="chap" />
<h2><a name="CLIMATE" id="CLIMATE"></a>CLIMATE</h2>
<p>Owing to the differences in elevations and varying distances from the
sea, the climate of Tamaulipas is varied. Tamayo (1949), following the
Koeppen System, assigned to Tamaulipas 10 different climate types that
result principally from differences in temperature, precipitation, and
humidity.</p>
<h3>Temperature</h3>
<p>The annual mean temperature for the lands less than 1000 meters in
elevation, which make up most of the state, is between 20° and 25° C.;
and the difference in monthly means is 5° C.</p>
<p>In the areas above 1000 meters, the annual mean is between 15° and 20°
C., and the difference in the monthly means is 15° C.</p>
<p>The maximum temperature recorded in the state is 45° C. in the region
of Ciudad Victoria, between the Sierra Madre Oriental, the Sierra San
Carlos, and the Sierra de Tamaulipas. Minima recorded are between O°
and 5° C. on the southeastern coast, O° to -5° C. between 98° 20´ long.
and 99° 00´ long., and -5° to -10° C. in the Sierra Madre Oriental.</p>
<h3>Precipitation</h3>
<p>Rainfall varies seasonally and can be described as follows: In January
it amounts to 25 to 50 mm. in the coastal region and 10 to 25 mm. in
the rest of the state. In April there is more than 25 mm. to the north
of about 23° north latitude, 10 to 25 mm. in the Sierra de Tamaulipas
and Sierra Madre Oriental, and less than 10 mm. in the extreme
southwestern part of the state.</p>
<p>In July rainfall amounts to less than 25 mm. in Nuevo Laredo and San
Fernando, is from 25 to 50 mm. in the northeastern and central parts of
the state, 50 to 100 mm. in the Sierra San Carlos and Sierra Madre
Oriental, and 100 to 200 mm. in the area south of Soto la Marina and
east of the Sierra Madre Oriental. In October rainfall<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_369" id="Page_369">[Pg 369]</a></span> is less than 50
mm. in the northern half of the state, including the Sierra de
Tamaulipas, and 50 to 100 mm. in the rest of the state, except on the
east side of the Sierra Madre Oriental and in the area near Tampico,
which receive between 100 and 200 mm.</p>
<p>The number of rainy days per year varies from 60 to 90 at Sierra San
Carlos, Sierra Madre Oriental, and in the lowlands south of 23° north
latitude; the rest of the state has about 60 rainy days, excepting the
Mexican Plateau, which has fewer than 60.</p>
<p>Although Tamayo (1949) followed the Koeppen System in classifying types
of climate and thereby recognized 10 different kinds of climate in
Tamaulipas, these can be grouped into three major categories as
follows:</p>
<h3>Steppe Dry Climate (Clima Seco de Estepa)</h3>
<p>This kind of climate can be divided into two categories based on the
average annual temperature.</p>
<h4><i>Warm</i></h4>
<p>The average annual temperature exceeds 18° C. but the mean of the
coolest month is less than 18° C. This sub-climate is characterized by
a short rainy season in summer and occurs on the west side of the
southern part of the Sierra Madre Oriental and on the Mexican Plateau;
it occurs also in the area northwest of Reynosa and on the east side of
the Sierra Madre Oriental but in these areas the rainfall is
irregularly distributed in the year.</p>
<h4><i>Cool</i></h4>
<p>The average annual temperature is less than 18° C. but the mean of the
warmest month exceeds 18° C. This sub-climate occurs only on the west
side of the northern part of the Sierra Madre Oriental.</p>
<h3>Moderate Rainy Temperature Climate<br />
(Clima Templado Moderato Lluvioso)</h3>
<p>This type of climate is characterized by the coolest month having a
temperature of between -3° and 18° C. In the northeastern and central
parts of Tamaulipas, including the Sierra de Tamaulipas, Ciudad
Victoria, Gómez Farías, Rancho Pano Ayuctle, and Llera, the average
temperature of the warmest month is less than 22° C.; the winters are
dry and not rigorous, and the wettest month has ten times as much rain
as the driest. In the Sierra San Carlos the average temperature of the
warmest month is less than 22° C., and the rainy season is in the
autumn.</p>
<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_370" id="Page_370">[Pg 370]</a></span></p>
<h3>Tropical Rainy Climate (Clima Tropical Lluvioso)</h3>
<p>This climate is characterized by the average temperature of all months
being above 18° C. and the mean-annual rainfall being above 75 cm.
According to the distribution of precipitation this type of climate can
be divided into: (1) areas having periodic rain and wet winters
(southeastern Tamaulipas, south of 22° north latitude and east of 99°
west longitude), and (2) areas having an irregular rainy season and dry
winters (area around Ciudad Mante, between 99° 30´ and 98° 30´ west
longitude and south of 22° 30´ north latitude).</p>
<hr class="chap" />
<h2><a name="AFFINITIES_OF_TAMAULIPAN_MAMMALS" id="AFFINITIES_OF_TAMAULIPAN_MAMMALS"></a>AFFINITIES OF TAMAULIPAN MAMMALS</h2>
<p>Owing to the differences in climate from one region to another, the
flora and fauna also differ, especially in the southern part of the
state as compared with the northern part.</p>
<div class="blockquot">
<p>For expressing the taxonomic resemblance of mammalian faunas
having nearly equal numbers of taxa, Burt (1959:139)
recommended the following formula: C × 100/(N<sub>1</sub> + N<sub>2</sub> - C)
(where C is the number of taxa common to the two faunas,
N<sub>1</sub> is the number of taxa in the smaller fauna, and N<sub>2</sub>
is the number of taxa in the larger fauna). For non-flying
mammals the resemblance of the Tamaulipan fauna to that of
Texas, adjacent to the north, and Veracruz, adjacent to the
south, is as follows:</p>
<p class="i2"><i>Genera.</i>—Texas 65 per cent, Veracruz 60 per cent.</p>
<p class="i2"><i>Species.</i>—Texas 45 per cent, Veracruz 39 per cent.</p>
<p>For bats the resemblance of the Tamaulipan fauna to those of
Texas and Veracruz is as follows:</p>
<p class="i2"><i>Genera.</i>—Texas 40 per cent, Veracruz 51 per cent.</p>
<p class="i2"><i>Species.</i>—Texas 24, Veracruz 39.</p></div>
<p class="title"><span class="smcap">Table 1.—Number of Genera and Species of Non-introduced Land Mammals
in Three States.</span></p>
<div class="center">
<table border="1" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="table1">
<tr>
<th align="center" rowspan="2"> </th>
<th align="center" colspan="4">Number of taxa</th>
<th align="center" colspan="4">Number of taxa in common</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th align="center" colspan="2">genera</th>
<th align="center" colspan="2">species</th>
<th align="center" colspan="2">genera</th>
<th align="center" colspan="2">species</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th align="center">States</th>
<th align="center">non-bats</th>
<th align="center">bats</th>
<th align="center">non-bats</th>
<th align="center">bats</th>
<th align="center">non-bats</th>
<th align="center">bats</th>
<th align="center">non-bats</th>
<th align="center">bats</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left">Texas</td>
<td align="center">51</td>
<td align="center">12</td>
<td align="center">103</td>
<td align="center">25</td>
<td align="center">39</td>
<td align="center">10</td>
<td align="center">58</td>
<td align="center">12</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left">Tamaulipas</td>
<td align="center">48</td>
<td align="center">23</td>
<td align="center">83</td>
<td align="center">36</td>
<td align="center">..</td>
<td align="center">..</td>
<td align="center">..</td>
<td align="center">..</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left">Veracruz</td>
<td align="center">53</td>
<td align="center">36</td>
<td align="center">94</td>
<td align="center">60</td>
<td align="center">38</td>
<td align="center">20</td>
<td align="center">50</td>
<td align="center">27</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_371" id="Page_371">[Pg 371]</a></span></p>
<div class="blockquot">
<p>For all of the land mammals of Tamaulipas, the resemblance
is as follows:</p>
<p class="i2"><i>Genera.</i>—Texas 58, Veracruz 57.</p>
<p class="i2"><i>Species.</i>—Texas 40, Veracruz 39.</p>
</div>
<p>On the whole, the fauna of Tamaulipas resembles faunas of both the
Brazilian Subregion and the North American part of the Nearctic
Subregion (see Hershkovitz, 1958:611). Considering the 48 genera of
non-flying land mammals of Tamaulipas, 24 genera occur in habitats from
the North American part through habitats of northern México into the
Brazilian Subregion. Of the remaining 24 genera, 16 occur in the North
American part of the Nearctic Subregion or in it and the part of
northern México north of the Brazilian boundary, whereas eight occur in
the Brazilian Subregion or in it and the northern part of México. None
occurs only in Tamaulipas or only in northern México.</p>
<p>The non-flying fauna of the coastal plain east of the Sierra Madre
Oriental and south of the Sierra de Tamaulipas and Soto la Marina is
mainly tropical in affinities; only 27 per cent of that fauna (at the
subspecific level) resembles the fauna north of Soto la Marina, which
is Nearctic in its affinities. The fauna of the Sierra de Tamaulipas
has a greater taxonomic resemblance (20.4 per cent at subspecific
level) to that of the Sierra Madre Oriental, than does the fauna of the
Sierra San Carlos (17.6 per cent). Taxonomic resemblance between the
faunas from the Sierra San Carlos and the Sierra de Tamaulipas amounts
to only 16.1 per cent. Therefore, the faunas of these two Sierras (both
are included in the same zoogeographic unit) resemble each other less
than either resembles the fauna of the Sierra Madre Oriental (in
another zoogeographic unit). Of the three sierran faunas, those of the
Sierra Madre Oriental and the Sierra de Tamaulipas have most in common.
Migration from one to the other in relative recent time may account for
the resemblance. The Sierra San Carlos may have been isolated for a
long time and interchange between its fauna and those of the other two
sierras, therefore, may have been slight.</p>
<p>Study of the taxonomic resemblance shows that the dividing line, in
eastern México, between Nearctic and Neotropical faunas is along the
eastern base of the Sierra Madre Oriental, the southern base of the
Sierra de Tamaulipas and thence to the coast at or near Soto la Marina.</p>
<hr class="chap" />
<h2><a name="PLANT-MAMMAL_RELATIONSHIPS" id="PLANT-MAMMAL_RELATIONSHIPS"></a>PLANT-MAMMAL RELATIONSHIPS</h2>
<p>Merriam (1898) assigned to Tamaulipas four Life-zones. There were:
Transitional on the highest elevations of the Sierra Madre;<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_372" id="Page_372">[Pg 372]</a></span> Upper
Austral at lower elevations on the Sierra Madre; Lower Austral over
most of the state; and Tropical in the coastal areas.</p>
<p>Dice (1943) outlined Biotic Provinces on a map of North America and in
the northern part of Tamaulipas showed two Biotic Provinces, Tamaulipan
and Potosian. He did not show the southeastern limits of the Chihuahuan
Biotic Province nor any of the limits of the Veracruzian Biotic
Province and in text mentioned nothing about the limits of these two
provinces with reference to Tamaulipas. Later, Goldman and Moore (1946)
divided Tamaulipas in three Biotic Provinces: Tamaulipas, Sierra Madre,
and Veracruz. Still later (1949), Smith published a map of Mexican
Biotic Provinces based on the herpetofauna of the Republic. He divided
Tamaulipas among four Provinces. Two were Nearctic (Austro-oriental and
Tamaulipan) and the other two were Neotropical (Veracruzian and
Cordoban).</p>
<p>Leopold (1950 and 1959) recognized five principal vegetational types in
Tamaulipas as follows: Mesquite-grassland; Pine-oak Forest; Thorn
Forest; Tropical Deciduous Forest; and Desert.</p>
<p>For dealing with the mammals of Tamaulipas in the following accounts
the four Biotic Provinces (Tamaulipan, Potosian, Veracruzian, and
Chihuahuan) of Dice are the most useful. For dealing with types of
vegetation in the accounts that follow, Leopold's (1950) system is
employed although reference is made to other associations and
formations that have been reported in Tamaulipas.</p>
<h3>Tamaulipan Biotic Province</h3>
<p>This Province is recognized by most authors who have written about the
zoogeography of México. It is the most extensive in the state and
includes the northern part of the Coastal Plain (see <a href="#fig2">Fig. 2</a>).</p>
<p>The vegetation of the Tamaulipan Biotic Province is in general
Mesquite-grassland but in the Sierra San Carlos and Sierra de
Tamaulipas other types of vegetation are found.</p>
<div class="blockquot">
<p>Two formations occur in the Mesquite-grassland. The first is
the Mesquite Scrub, in which the dominant plant is the
mesquite (<i>Prosopis juliflora</i>), associated with <i>Cordia
boissieri</i>, several species of <i>Acacia</i>, and in some areas
with <i>Opuntia</i> and <i>Yucca treculeana</i>. The dominant grasses
are of the genera <i>Bouteloua</i> and <i>Andropogon</i>. The second
formation is the Gulf Bluestem Prairie, where species of
<i>Andropogon</i> are the dominants on the well-drained sites.
Sloughs and depressions are occupied by cordgrass, <i>Spartina
spartinae</i>. Many areas have been invaded by mesquite and
other shrubs.</p>
</div>
<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_373" id="Page_373">[Pg 373]</a></span></p>
<div class="figcenter" style="width: 387px;">
<a name="fig2" id="fig2"></a>
<img src="images/i_002.png" width="387" height="600" alt="Fig. 2. Four biotic provinces: 1 Tamaulipan; 2 Potosian;
3 Chihuahuan; 4 Veracruzian." title="Fig. 2. Four biotic provinces: 1 Tamaulipan; 2 Potosian;
3 Chihuahuan; 4 Veracruzian."/>
<span class="caption"><span class="smcap">Fig. 2.</span> Four biotic provinces: 1 Tamaulipan; 2 Potosian;
3 Chihuahuan; 4 Veracruzian.</span>
</div>
<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_374" id="Page_374">[Pg 374]</a></span></p>
<div class="blockquot">
<p>Around the Sierra de Tamaulipas and in the area between it
and the Sierra San Carlos the vegetation is Thorn Forest
(Tropical Thorn Forest of Martin <i>et al.</i>, 1954), in which
the dominant plants are <i>Acacia</i>, <i>Ichthyomethia</i>, <i>Ipomea</i>,
<i>Prosopis</i>, and <i>Cassia</i>. Another type of vegetation in the
Sierra de Tamaulipas is the Tropical Deciduous Forest at 300
to 700 meters elevation, the trees of which are 20 meters
high with a canopy averaging eight meters high (Martin <i>et
al.</i>, <i>op. cit.</i>). The common species of trees belong to the
genera <i>Tabebuia</i>, <i>Ipomea</i>, <i>Bombax</i>, and <i>Conzattia</i>.
Species of <i>Bursera</i>, <i>Acacia</i>, and <i>Cassia</i> are less
abundant. In the low canyons <i>Bursera</i>, <i>Ceiba</i>, and
<i>Psidium</i>, draped with lianas and various epiphytes, can be
found.</p>
<p>The Pine-oak Formation grows above an elevation of 800
meters in the Sierra de Tamaulipas and is characterized by
<i>Pinus cembroides</i>, <i>P. nelsonii</i>, <i>P. teocote</i>, and
<i>Quercus arizonica</i>. Martin <i>et al.</i> (<i>op. cit.</i>) recorded
Montane Scrub from the dry areas, between elevations of 600
and 900 meters. That scrub is formed by huisaches (<i>Acacia
farnesiana</i>) along with a few oaks and some trees of the
Tropical Deciduous Forest.</p>
<p>The vegetation of the Sierra San Carlos was studied by Dice
(1937) and divided into three life belts, each with several
associations. For more information about the plants of each
association and their related mammals see the publication of
the mentioned author.</p>
<p>Endemic mammals of the Tamaulipan Biotic Province, in the
part of it that is in Tamaulipas, are the following:
<i>Scalopus inflatus</i>; <i>Lepus californicus curti</i>;
<i>Spermophilus spilosoma oricolus</i>; <i>Cratogeomys castanops
tamaulipensis</i>; <i>Dipodomys ordii parvabullatus</i>; and
<i>Sigmodon hispidus solus</i>. Other characteristic mammals of
this Province in the state of Tamaulipas are: <i>Sylvilagus
floridanus connectens</i>; <i>S. audubonii parvulus</i>; <i>Lepus
californicus merriami</i>; <i>Perognathus merriami merriami</i>;
<i>Dipodomys ordii compactus</i>; <i>Orzomys melanotis carrorum</i>;
<i>Reithrodontomys fulvescens intermedius</i>; <i>Peromyscus boylii
ambiguus</i>; <i>Canis latrans texensis</i>; <i>C. l. microdon</i>; <i>C.
lupus monstrabilis</i>; <i>Taxidea taxus berlandieri</i>; <i>Mephitis
mephitis varians</i>; <i>Felis pardalis albescens</i>; <i>Trichechus
manatus latirostris</i>; and <i>Odocoileus virginianus texanus</i>.</p>
<p>Many other kinds of mammals occur mainly in the Tamaulipan
Province but are not listed above because they occur also in
one or more of the other provinces.</p>
<p>The Sierra de Tamaulipas is placed in the Tamaulipan Biotic
Province because the fauna, especially of non-flying
mammals, is closely related to that of the rest of the
Province. Nevertheless, many mammals found in this Sierra
are tropical in relationship. This is especially true of the
bats. Therefore, most of the tropical bats that occur in
Tamaulipas occur in the Veracruzian Biotic Province and in
the Sierra de Tamaulipas.</p>
</div>
<h3>Potosian Biotic Province</h3>
<p>This Province occupies all of the Sierra Madre Oriental and, therefore,
the southwestern part of the state.</p>
<p>The vegetation in general is Pine-oak Forest, in which the most common
trees are <i>Abies religiosa</i>, <i>Pinus flexilis</i>, <i>P. patula</i>, <i>P.
montezumae</i>,<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_375" id="Page_375">[Pg 375]</a></span> <i>P. teocote</i>, <i>Populus tremuloides</i>, <i>Juniperus
flaccida</i>, <i>Quercus arizonica</i>, <i>Q. clivicola</i> and <i>Q. polymorpha</i>.</p>
<div class="blockquot">
<p>In his study of plants of the Gómez Farías area, Martin
(1958) recorded several different types of vegetation, which
in part can be placed in the Potosian Biotic Province,
especially those types that occur to the northwest of the
Cloud Forest. In addition to the Cloud Forest, Martin
recognized Humid Pine-oak Forest, Dry Oak-pine Forest,
Chaparral, Thorn Forest and Scrub, and Thorn Desert.</p>
<p>The only mammal endemic to the Potosian Province in
Tamaulipas is <i>Cryptotis pergracilis pueblensis</i>. Other
mammals that occur mainly in this Province are: <i>Sorex
saussurei</i>; <i>Notiosorex crawfordi</i>; <i>Glaucomys volans
herreranus</i>; <i>Cratogeomys castanops planifrons</i>;
<i>Perognathus nelsoni</i>; <i>Liomys irroratus alleni</i>;
<i>Reithrodontomys fulvescens griseoflavus</i>; <i>Microtus
mexicanus subsimus</i>; <i>Ursus americanus eremicus</i>; <i>Conepatus
leuconotus texensis</i>; and <i>Odocoileus hemionus</i>.</p>
<p>The fauna of this Province is a mixture of elements with
tropical affinities on the east side of the Sierra Madre and
with those of the Mexican Plateau on the west side.</p>
</div>
<h3>Chihuahuan Biotic Province</h3>
<p>This Province occurs in Tamaulipas only in a small portion of the
Central Plateau physiographic region and occupies the southwesternmost
part of the state.</p>
<div class="blockquot"><p>The vegetation is of two types: Desert or
Mesquite-grassland. The last is like that described for the
Tamaulipan Biotic Province. In the Desert type the dominant
plants are the cactus, <i>Opuntia leptocaulis</i>, and yuccas,
<i>Yucca filifera</i> and <i>Y. potosina</i>. Subdominants are
mariola, guayule, <i>Agave lechugilla</i>, <i>A. stricta</i> or
<i>Larrea divaricata</i>. Along stream banks mesquite, <i>Prosopis
juliflora</i>, can be found.</p>
<p>No endemic mammals of the Chihuahuan Province are known in
Tamaulipas. Mammals that occur principally in this Province
are: <i>Dipodomys merriami atronasus</i>; <i>D. ordii durranti</i>;
<i>Peromyscus melanophrys consobrinus</i>; <i>P. difficilis
petricola</i>; <i>Onychomys torridus subrufus</i>; and <i>Neotoma
albigula subsolana</i>.</p></div>
<h3>Veracruzian Biotic Province</h3>
<p>This Province includes the southern part of the Coastal Plain
physiographic region, south of the Sierra de Tamaulipas and Soto la
Marina. But the exact line between this Province and the Tamaulipan
Province to the north is difficult to draw. The northern boundary of
the Veracruzian Province is the line between the Nearctic and
Neotropical regions in eastern México.</p>
<p>Vegetation of most of the Veracruzian Biotic Province is Tropical
Deciduous Forest. This Forest is made up of <i>Tabebuia</i>, <i>Ipomea</i>,
<i>Bombax</i>, and <i>Conzattia</i>, along with some <i>Ceiba</i>, <i>Bursera</i>, and
<i>Psidium</i>.</p><p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_376" id="Page_376">[Pg 376]</a></span></p>
<div class="blockquot">
<p>The mammalia fauna of the Veracruzian Biotic Province is
tropical in nature. This is especially true of the bats.
Representatives of the tropical genera <i>Micronycteris</i>,
<i>Sturnira</i>, <i>Artibeus</i>, <i>Enchistenes</i>, <i>Desmodus</i>,
<i>Diphylla</i>, and <i>Molossus</i> have their northern
distributional limits in this Province. The non-flying
mammals characteristic of the Province in Tamaulipas are:
<i>Philander opossum pallidus</i>; <i>Marmosa mexicana</i>; <i>Ateles
geoffroyi velerosus</i>; <i>Geomys tropicalis</i>; <i>Oryzomys
melanotis rostratus</i>; <i>O. alfaroi huastecae</i>; <i>O. fulvescens
engracie</i> (endemic to this Province in Tamaulipas); <i>O. f.
fulvescens</i>; <i>Reithrodontomys mexicanus</i>; <i>Peromyscus
orchraventer</i> (endemic); <i>Neotoma micropus angustapalata</i>;
<i>Eira barbara senex</i>; <i>Felis wiedii oaxacensis</i>; and <i>Mazama
americana temama</i>.</p>
</div>
<hr class="chap" />
<h2><a name="BARRIERS_AND_ROUTES_OF_MOVEMENT" id="BARRIERS_AND_ROUTES_OF_MOVEMENT"></a>BARRIERS AND ROUTES OF MOVEMENT</h2>
<p>The distributional patterns and affinities of the mammalian fauna of
Tamaulipas suggest possible routes of migration and barriers that
limited or controlled movements of the mammals.</p>
<p>Mammals may have reached Tamaulipas by way of a Northern route, a
Trans-plateau route, a Montane route, or a Tropical route (<a href="#fig3">Fig. 3</a>).</p>
<p>The Northern route permitted species of mammals from the temperate
region to the north to enter the Tamaulipan Biotic Province from or via
Texas. Several came from the Great Plains, and a few came from the
eastern part of the United States. Also, a few mammals that may have
originated in the Tamaulipan Province moved northwards. Some of these,
according to Dice (1937:267) were <i>Liomys irroratus texensis</i>,
<i>Peromyscus leucopus texensis</i>, and <i>Lepus californicus merriami</i>.
Other mammals thought to have moved north by this route are <i>Didelphis
marsupialis</i>, <i>Dasypus novemcinctus</i>, <i>Oryzomys palustris</i>, <i>Nasua
narica</i>, and <i>Tayassu tajacu</i>. Some mammals that passed through
Tamaulipas into Texas have extended their geographic ranges far north
of Texas.</p>
<p>Mammals that came <i>via</i> the Trans-plateau route (name proposed by
Baker, 1956:146) came no farther into Tamaulipas than the Chihuahuan
Biotic Province. They encountered the barrier formed by the Sierra
Madre Oriental. These mammals were listed in the account of the
Chihuahuan Biotic Province.</p>
<p>The route that Baker (1956:146) termed the "Southern Route" I here term
the Montane route because I think it was used for movement southward as
well as northward.</p><p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_377" id="Page_377">[Pg 377]</a></span></p>
<div class="figcenter" style="width: 434px;">
<a name="fig3" id="fig3"></a>
<img src="images/i_003.png" width="434" height="600" alt="Fig. 3. Routes of movement: 1 Northern; 2 Trans-Plateau;
3 Montane; 4 Tropical." title="Fig. 3. Routes of movement: 1 Northern; 2 Trans-Plateau;
3 Montane; 4 Tropical."/>
<span class="caption"><span class="smcap">Fig. 3.</span> Routes of movement: 1 Northern; 2 Trans-Plateau;
3 Montane; 4 Tropical.</span>
</div>
<p>The Montane route was used by mammals of boreal affinities (<i>Microtus</i>
and <i>Neotoma</i>), that moved into Tamaulipas from the north; also in this
category are bats of the family Vespertilionidae. For movement from
south to north, the route was used by several species native to México,
for example, <i>Cratogeomys castanops</i>. The<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_378" id="Page_378">[Pg 378]</a></span> seaward slope of the montane
area has enabled some tropical mammals to move farther north than they
have done at higher and lower elevations. <i>Philander opossum</i> seems to
be an example.</p>
<p>The fourth route, the Tropical one, was used by mammals of tropical
origin. Most moved into Tamaulipas only as far as the Veracruzian
Biotic Province. The principal mammals that have used this route are
the bats and marsupials, but <i>Sylvilagus brasiliensis</i>, <i>Ateles
geoffroyi</i>, <i>Heterogeomys hispidus</i>, <i>Eira barbara</i>, and <i>Mazama
americana</i> also can be included here. Some tropical mammals, as was
pointed out previously, not only reached Tamaulipas but have moved
through the state and far northward.</p>
<p>The major barriers to dispersal of mammals in Tamaulipas are three (see
<a href="#fig2">Fig. 2</a>). Two of them, the Río Grande Barrier and the Sierra Madre
Barrier, are physiographical, but the Tropical Barrier is maintained by
a combination of environmental factors. The three barriers separate the
four Biotic Provinces in Tamaulipas. The Sierra Madre Oriental, which
forms the Potosian Biotic Province, lies between the Tamaulipan and
Chihuahuan provinces. The Tropical barrier separates the Tamaulipan and
Veracruzian biotic provinces.</p>
<p>The Río Grande, as was pointed out by R. H. Baker (1956:146), has low
banks, is relatively shallow, and does not form an effective barrier
for most mammals. For only two species, insofar as I know, has the Río
Grande constituted a barrier. <i>Cratogeomys castanops</i> has not entered
southeastern Texas from México, and <i>Spermophilus spilosoma</i> has not
entered México from southeastern Texas except on the coastal barrier
beach. Alvarez (1962:124) postulated that the beach was the route by
which <i>S. spilosoma</i> arrived at La Pesca where the barrier beach meets
the mainland.</p>
<p>The Sierra Madre Barrier is a good filter for some small mammals,
especially for those that occur on the Mexican Plateau and those of
tropical origin. The mammals that occur on each side of the Sierra are
listed in accounts of the Chihuahuan (west side), Veracruzian and
Tamaulipan (east side) biotic provinces.</p>
<p>The Tropical Barrier is formed mainly by a climatic complex (probably a
change in temperature and rainfall) in the coastal region at or about
the latitude of Soto la Marina, where no geographic barrier is found.
In the western and central part of the Tropical Barrier, the climatic
factor is supported by a geographic factor. The Sierra Madre Oriental
is in the west and the Sierra de Tamaulipas is in the center. The
several mammals that are affected<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_379" id="Page_379">[Pg 379]</a></span> by this barrier are listed in the
accounts of the Veracruzian and Tamaulipan biotic provinces.</p>
<p>A peculiar pattern of distribution is that presented by <i>Scalopus
inflatus</i> and <i>Geomys tropicalis</i>. Both are the only known species of
their genera in northeastern México. Each is isolated from other
species of its genus. The nearest known record of <i>Scalopus</i> is 45
miles northward and the nearest record of <i>Geomys</i> is approximately 165
miles northward. A possible explanation for the distribution of these
two kinds is that each was widely distributed in one of the glacial
periods and when the glacier receded to the north these animals
remained in Tamaulipas, where they evolved and formed distinct species.
The two species, <i>G. tropicalis</i> and <i>S. inflatus</i>, are fossorial and
for this reason probably were able to resist inhospitable climates
better than non-burrowing species.</p>
<hr class="chap" />
<h2><a name="HISTORY_OF_MAMMALOGY" id="HISTORY_OF_MAMMALOGY"></a>HISTORY OF MAMMALOGY</h2>
<p>In Tamaulipas the first exploration directed in substantial measure
toward finding out about the mammalian fauna, at least as far as I
know, was made by Dr. L. Berlandier, who traveled mainly in the
northern half of the state. His collections provided specimens of
several previously unknown mammals, which were described by Baird
(1858). The original manuscript of Berlandier never has been published.
About 1880 Dr. E. Palmer collected mammals in the southern part of
Tamaulipas, in the area around Tampico. The results of his exploration
were reported by J. A. Allen (1881). E. W. Nelson and E. A. Goldman
twice collected in Tamaulipas (Goldman, 1951). In 1898 they visited and
collected mammals in the southern part of the state, around Tampico,
Altamira, Victoria, Forlón, and Miquihuana. In 1901-1902 they visited
the area between Nuevo Laredo and Bagdad, then went south to Soto la
Marina and Victoria. From their collections several species and
subspecies have been described. Between 1910 and the early 1920's
little was done in the way of scientific exploration because of the
Mexican Revolution.</p>
<p>From 1930 on, several expeditions yielded new information about the
native mammals. In that year L. B. Kellum visited the Sierra San
Carlos. The results were reported by Dice (1937). Another important
collection from Tamaulipas was made by Marian Martin in the area of
Gómez Farías. Mammals collected by her were reported by Goodwin (1954).
Hooper (1953) also reported specimens from Gómez Farías but included in
his report records of mammals collected in other areas as well. In 1950
E. R. Hall and C. von<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_380" id="Page_380">[Pg 380]</a></span> Wedel made a trip to the barrier beach in the
northeastern part of the state and collected several kinds of mammals
among which three were described as new by Hall (1951).</p>
<p>The report here presented is based upon specimens in the Museum of
Natural History of The University of Kansas that were collected mainly
by the persons named beyond. Gerd H. Heinrich and his wife Hilda
collected in 1952 and 1953 in the areas around Miquihuana, Ciudad
Victoria, Soto la Marina, Sierra de Tamaulipas, and Altamira. W. J.
Schaldach collected in 1949 and 1950 in the Sierra Madre Oriental south
of Ciudad Victoria; he returned to Tamaulipas in 1954 in company with
V. Grissino and worked in the Sierra Madre Oriental south and north of
Ciudad Victoria. In 1961 P. L. Clifton and J. H. Bodley collected in
the northwestern part of the state and in the western part, around
Tula, Nicolás, and Tajada. Some students and staff members of the
Museum have occasionally collected in Tamaulipas.</p>
<p>As a result of all the mentioned expeditions and others, 32 species and
subspecies have been described with type localities in Tamaulipas. They
are:</p>
<ul class="index">
<li class="ifrst">Altamira</li>
<li class="isub2"><i>Lepus californicus altamirae</i> Nelson</li>
<li class="isub2"><i>Sciurus aureogaster aureogaster</i> (Cuvier) (by restriction)</li>
<li class="isub2"><i>Sciurus deppei negligens</i> Nelson</li>
<li class="isub2"><i>Geomys tropicalis</i> Goldman</li>
<li class="ifrst">Antiguo Morelos, 8 mi. N of</li>
<li class="isub2"><i>Tadarida laticaudata ferruginea</i> Goodwin</li>
<li class="ifrst">Brownsville (Texas), 45 mi. from</li>
<li class="isub2"><i>Scalopus inflatus</i> Jackson</li>
<li class="ifrst">Charco Escondido</li>
<li class="isub2"><i>Perognathus hispidus hispidus</i> Baird</li>
<li class="isub2"><i>Neotoma micropus micropus</i> Baird</li>
<li class="ifrst">El Carrizo</li>
<li class="isub2"><i>Peromyscus ochraventer</i> Baker</li>
<li class="ifrst">Gómez Farías</li>
<li class="isub2"><i>Heterogeomys hispidus negatus</i> Goodwin</li>
<li class="ifrst">Hacienda Santa Engracia</li>
<li class="isub2"><i>Oryzomys fulvescens engracia</i> Osgood</li>
<li class="ifrst">Jaumave</li>
<li class="isub2"><i>Dipodomys ordii durranti</i> Setzer</li>
<li class="ifrst">La Pesca, 1 mi. E of</li>
<li class="isub2"><i>Spermophilus spilosoma oricolus</i> Alvarez</li>
<li class="ifrst">Matamoros</li>
<li class="isub2"><i>Cryptotis parva berlandieri</i> (Baird)</li>
<li class="isub2"><i>Lasiurus intermedius intermedius</i> (H. Allen)</li>
<li class="isub2"><i>Dasypus novemcinctus mexicanus</i> Peters (by restriction)<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_381" id="Page_381">[Pg 381]</a></span></li>
<li class="isub2"><i>Cratogeomys castanops tamaulipensis</i> Nelson and Goldman</li>
<li class="isub2"><i>Felis yagouaroundi cacomitli</i> Berlandier</li>
<li class="ifrst">Matamoros, 88 mi. S, 10 mi. W of</li>
<li class="isub2"><i>Lepus californicus curti</i> Hall</li>
<li class="isub2"><i>Dipodomys ordii parvabullatus</i> Hall</li>
<li class="isub2"><i>Sigmodon hispidus solus</i> Hall</li>
<li class="ifrst">Mier</li>
<li class="isub2"><i>Canis latrans microdon</i> Merriam</li>
<li class="ifrst">Miquihuana</li>
<li class="isub2"><i>Idionycteris mexicanus</i> Anthony (<i>Plecotus phyllotis</i>)</li>
<li class="isub2"><i>Cratogeomys castanops planifrons</i> Nelson and Goldman</li>
<li class="isub2"><i>Onychomys torridus subrufus</i> Hollister</li>
<li class="isub2"><i>Neotoma albigula subsolana</i> Alvarez</li>
<li class="isub2"><i>Odocoileus virginianus miquihuanensis</i> Goldman and Kellogg</li>
<li class="ifrst">Rancho del Cielo, 5 mi. NW Gómez Farías</li>
<li class="isub2"><i>Cryptotis mexicana madrea</i> Goodwin</li>
<li class="isub2"><i>Reithrodontomys megalotis hooperi</i> Goodwin</li>
<li class="ifrst">Rancho Santa Ana, about 8 mi. SW Padilla</li>
<li class="isub2"><i>Oryzomys melanotis carrorum</i> Lawrence</li>
<li class="ifrst">Sierra de Tamaulipas, 10 mi. W, 2 mi. S Piedra</li>
<li class="isub2"><i>Myotis keenii auriculus</i> Baker and Stains</li>
<li class="ifrst">Sierra San Carlos, 12 mi. NW San Carlos</li>
<li class="isub2"><i>Peromyscus pectoralis collinus</i> Hooper</li>
</ul>
<hr class="chap" />
<h2><a name="CONSERVATION" id="CONSERVATION"></a>CONSERVATION</h2>
<p>A relatively large number of the species of Mexican big game occurs in
Tamaulipas because its geographic position permits it to have species
from the tropics and those from the northern plains and mountains.
Eight of the 11 Mexican species that are considered as Big Game are
recorded from the state. Until this century Tamaulipas was not densely
populated by man either in the pre-colonial period or thereafter.
Therefore many species of game are still relatively abundant.</p>
<p>Of the eight species that originally lived in Tamaulipas, the mule
deer, brocket, and black bear never have been abundant there and now
are in danger of extirpation. The pronghorn was also rare in the state
and now has been extirpated as it has been in many other parts of
México. The white-tailed deer, javalin, jaguar, and puma are still
abundant in suitable habitats. The white-tailed deer is found almost
everywhere in the state; in some areas it damages cornfields, and for
this reason is killed by natives who eat the meat and sell the skins.
The price of skins is low; in 1959 at Ciudad Mante tanners paid natives
less than one dollar (10.00 Mexican pesos) per hide. Some idea of the
abundance of deer in Tamaulipas is provided by our having found in one
tanner's shop, in 1959 at<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_382" id="Page_382">[Pg 382]</a></span> Ciudad Mante, about 500 deer skins. Besides
these, we found about 65 skins of other species—jaguar, bear, ocelot,
puma, margay, and raccoon. Additionally there was a large number of
coati skins. Considering that México has no professional trappers and
that commerce in skins of wild animals is illegal, it is felt that the
number of skins found in the tanner's shop indicated a relative large
population of game mammals.</p>
<p>The number of species of small game also is large. Some species are
killed by natives for food, but most are killed in order to protect the
cultivated crops, which are injured mainly by rabbits and squirrels.</p>
<p>Baker (1958) pointed out that the future of the game species in the
northern part of México was not encouraging. He gave valid reasons for
his view. In Tamaulipas, however, in some respects the outlook is more
encouraging because there are many areas in which with a minimum of
effort the authorities can save a good number of species.</p>
<p>As Baker (<i>op. cit.</i>) remarked, the fauna in México is declining mainly
because many areas recently have been cultivated for the first time.
Also, better roads have enabled hunters to reach areas that formerly
were natural refuges for wild animals. Many times it has been said that
the populations of wild animals were declining in México because the
number of game wardens is too small to protect game in all parts of the
country. In some ways this is true but it seems that the problem is
really one of education. The people do not realize that the animals are
part of nature and therefore have the same right to live that man has.
Most people see only the bad side of the animals' activities and never
consider the benefit that wild mammals provide for man. A typical case
is that of the coyote, which is oftentimes killed only because it is a
coyote. Sometimes individual coyotes do kill domestic animals, but the
people seem never to understand that the coyote destroys a large number
of mice, rabbits, and insects as has been shown by studies of the
contents of coyote stomachs.</p>
<p>The Mexican Government at this time is making a concentrated effort to
provide schools in all parts of the country and is formulating new
programs of education. In this official program some lectures in
conservation are needed with reference to the animal life. I know that
some education now is given to people with respect to conservation of
the water, soil, and forest, but gather that there is little that
covers also conservation of animals.</p>
<p>I do not deny the necessity for some natives to kill wild animals.<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_383" id="Page_383">[Pg 383]</a></span>
People need to eat fresh meat and for some it is almost impossible to
obtain meat in any other way than by killing wild animals. Some natives
cannot afford to purchase meat in the markets or they live too far from
any village or city to do so. Also, natives need to protect their
cultivated areas; some of them have only four to six acres of land, on
which corn is the only crop. When one deer in a night can destroy part
of the corn, and in some areas not only one deer but several invade a
field, and when one considers that besides deer there are rabbits,
squirrels, raccoons, and coati, to name only some animals that feed on
the corn, we find that the small cornfield at the end of the season may
not contain any corn to harvest. It is understandable, therefore, that
the natives kill the animals. In this way they protect their cultivated
fields, obtain food and sometimes money for the skins. Many natives,
however, destroy the wildlife only for pleasure or to obtain money for
skins and meat, which sometimes is sold to restaurants.</p>
<p>Probably the best solution for the problem of conservation of wild
animals is the establishment of wildlife refuges. In Tamaulipas, at
least three refuges are needed in order to preserve the mammalian
wildlife. These areas would serve also as a refuge for game birds and
other vertebrates. A large area with suitable habitat for white-tailed
deer, brocket, jaguar, puma, javalin, and fox could be established in
the Sierra de Tamaulipas, which presents favorable habitat for all of
the species named. A second area that does not need to be so large as
the first could be established in the Sierra Madre Oriental, probably
including some part of Nuevo León, where the black bear and the mule
deer find suitable habitat. Probably the beaver can be introduced in
the streams of the high mountains; beaver live in the same Sierra a
little farther north in Nuevo León. The three species mentioned are in
imminent danger of disappearing from Tamaulipas, if they have not
already disappeared. The third refuge could be in some area of the
northern part of the state near the Río Grande. This refuge should give
protection to the beaver—a rare animal in México and in danger of
extirpation over all the country. The pronghorn also would find
suitable habitat in this area, but would have to be reintroduced there.
With the establishment of these three refuges and with good management
the fauna of Tamaulipas could be saved from extinction, would provide
some recreation for sportsmen, and especially for the people in general
who wish to study, photograph, or merely observe the native animal
life.</p>
<p>The time is excellent for the establishment of the wildlife refuges<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_384" id="Page_384">[Pg 384]</a></span> in
Tamaulipas because large areas are still in Federal ownership and
because a considerable number of animals remain. Other favorable
factors are that roads are not yet good in the areas proposed for
refuges, the human population is low, and agriculture consequently is
not practiced. But, with the rapid increase in population in México,
these favorable conditions will change in a few years and it will be
almost impossible to establish the refuges then.</p>
<hr class="chap" />
<h2><a name="METHODS_AND_ACKNOWLEDGMENTS" id="METHODS_AND_ACKNOWLEDGMENTS"></a>METHODS AND ACKNOWLEDGMENTS</h2>
<p>The families, genera, and species recorded in this report are arranged
following Hall and Kelson (1959). Subspecies are in alphabetical order
under the species. Remarks are given on natural history in each species
account, if information is available. Discussion of subspecies known
from the state is included. Under each subspecies, the citation to the
original description is given with mention of type locality. Next is
the citation to the first usage of the current name-combination. Then,
synonyms are listed if there be such in the sense that original
descriptions of the alleged species or subspecies had type localities
in Tamaulipas.</p>
<p>Measurements, unless otherwise noted, are of adults and are given in
millimeters. External measurements are in the following order: total
length; length of tail vertebrae; length of hind foot; length of ear
from notch. Capitalized color terms are those of Ridgway, Color
Standards and Color Nomenclature, Washington, D. C., 1912. Capital
letters designate teeth in the upper jaws and lower case letters
designate teeth in the lower jaws; for example, M2 refers to the second
upper molar and m2 refers to the second lower molar.</p>
<p>The localities of specimens examined and additional records are listed
from north to south and their geographic positions can be found in the
gazetteer and on the map (<a href="#fig4">Fig. 4</a>).</p>
<p>Most of the specimens examined are in the Museum of Natural History of
the University of Kansas. Unless otherwise indicated, catalogue numbers
relate to that collection. A few specimens from other collections were
seen. Abbreviations identifying those collections are: UMMZ, the
University of Michigan Museum of Zoology; AMNH, the American Museum of
Natural History; and GMS, George M. Sutton collection (University of
Oklahoma).</p>
<p>I am grateful to Prof. E. Raymond Hall and Dr. J. Knox Jones, Jr., for
their advice and kind help that have enabled me to complete this work.
I thank Dr. William E. Duellman for his advice concerning Zoogeography
and Biologist Gastón Guzmán for help with the names of plants. For the
loan of specimens I am grateful to Dr. George M. Sutton of the
University of Oklahoma, to Dr. David H. Johnson and Dr. Richard H.
Manville of the United States National Museum, to Drs. William H. Burt
and Emmet T. Hooper of the University of Michigan Museum of Zoology,
and to Dr. Richard Van Gelder of the American Museum of Natural
History. I thank, also, Dr. William Z. Lidicker, Jr., for information
about the locality called Lulú, and the collectors from the Museum of
Natural History, especially Gerd H. Heinrich, William J. Schaldach,
Percy L. Clifton, and John H. Bodley. I am grateful also to Charles A.
Long and to<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_385" id="Page_385">[Pg 385]</a></span> several other persons, not named here, who helped me in
some way to complete my study of the mammals of Tamaulipas.</p>
<p>Most of the field work was financed by the Kansas University Endowment
Association. Some laboratory work was done when the author was
half-time Research Assistant under Grant No. 56 G 103 from the National
Science Foundation.</p>
<hr class="chap" /><p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_386" id="Page_386">[Pg 386]</a></span></p>
<h2><a name="GAZETTEER" id="GAZETTEER"></a>GAZETTEER</h2>
<p>The specimens examined and additional records are listed with reference
to the following place names. The geographic position of each was taken
from the maps of the American Geographical Society of New York, scale
1:1,000,000, and the Atlas Geográfico de la República Mexicana, scale
1:500,000.</p>
<ul class="index">
<li>Acuña.—23°26´, 98°25´.</li>
<li>Agua Linda.—23°05´, 99°14´.</li>
<li>Aldama.—22°55´, 98°04´.</li>
<li>Alta Cima.—23°05´, 99°11´.</li>
<li>Altamira.—22°23´, 97°56´.</li>
<li>Antiguo Morelos.—22°33´, 99°05´.</li>
<li>Aserradero del Infernillo [Infiernillo].—23°04´, 99°13´.</li>
<li>Aserradero del Paraiso.—22°59´, 99°15´.</li>
<li>Bagdad.—25°57´, 97°09´.</li>
<li>Camargo.—26°20´, 98°50´.</li>
<li>Cerro del Tigre.—23°04´, 99°17´.</li>
<li>Chamal.—22°49´, 99°14´.</li>
<li>Charco Escondido.—25°46´, 98°22´.</li>
<li>Ciudad Victoria.—23°45´, 99°07´.</li>
<li>Cueva de Quintero.—22°39´, 99°02´.</li>
<li>Cueva La Esperanza.—23°55´, 99°17´.</li>
<li>Cueva La Mula.—see La Mula.</li>
<li>Cueva Los Troncones.—23°49´, 99°15'.</li>
<li>Cues.—22°58', 98°13´.</li>
<li>Ejido Santa Isabel.—23°14´, 99°00´.</li>
<li>El Carrizo.—23°15´, 99°05´.</li>
<li>El Encino.—23°08´, 99°07´.</li>
<li>El Mante (Cd. Mante).—22°45´, 99°01´.</li>
<li>El Mulato.—24°54´, 98°57´.</li>
<li>El Pachón.—22°36´, 99°03´.</li>
<li>Forlón.—23°14´, 98°49´.</li>
<li>Gómez Farías.—23°02´, 99°10´.</li>
<li>Guemes.—23°55´, 99°00´.</li>
<li>Guerrero.—26°48´, 99°20´.</li>
<li>Hacienda Santa Engracia.—24°02´, 99°12´.</li>
<li>Hidalgo.—24°15´, 99°26´.</li>
<li>Jaumave.—23°24´, 99°23´.</li>
<li>Joya de Salas.—23°11´, 99°17´.</li>
<li>Joya Verde.—23°35´, 99°14´.</li>
<li>La Azteca (Ejido).—23°05´, 99°08´.</li>
<li>La Mula.—23°36´, 99°17´.</li>
<li>La Pesca.—23°47´, 97°48´.</li>
<li>La Purisima.—24°18´, 99°28´.</li>
<li>La Vegonia.—24°40´, 99°05´.</li>
<li>Limón.—22°49´, 99°00´.</li>
<li>Marmolejo.—24°38´, 99°00´.</li>
<li>Matamoros.—25°55´, 97°30´.</li>
<li>Mesa de Llera.—23°20´, 99°01´.</li>
<li>Mier.—26°27´, 99°09´.</li>
<li>Miquihuana.—23°27´, 99°46´.</li>
<li>Nicolás.—23°21´, 100°04´.</li>
<li>Nuevo Laredo.—27°30´, 99°30´.</li>
<li>Ocampo.—22°50´, 99°21´.</li>
<li>Ojo de Agua.—22°35´, 98°58´.</li>
<li>Padilla.—24°01´, 98°46´.</li>
<li>Palmillas.—23°18´, 99°33´.</li>
<li>Piedra.—23°30´, 98°06´.</li>
<li>Rancho del Cielo.—23°04´, 99°12´.</li>
<li>Rancho Pano Ayuctle.—23°07´, 99°13´.</li>
<li>Rancho Santa Rosa.—23°58´, 99°16´.</li>
<li>Rancho Tigre.—22°54´, 99°20´.</li>
<li>Rancho Viejo.—23°02´, 99°13´.</li>
<li>Reynosa.—26°06´, 98°15´.</li>
<li>Río Bravo (Town).—26°04´, 98°08´.</li>
<li>Río Corono [Corona].—23°50´, 98°50´.</li>
<li>San Antonio.—23°08´, 99°23´.</li>
<li>San Carlos.—24°35´, 98°57´.</li>
<li>San Fernando.—24°51´, 98°09´.</li>
<li>San José.—24°41´, 99°06´.</li>
<li>San Miguel.—24°45´, 99°05´.</li>
<li>Santa María.—23°31´, 98°41´.</li>
<li>Santa Teresa.—25°27´, 97°29´.</li>
<li>Savinito.—(?)23°43´, 98°51´.</li>
<li>Soto la Marina.—23°46´, 98°15´.</li>
<li>Tajada.—23°16´, 99°55´.</li>
<li>Tamaulipeca.—24°45´, 99°05´.</li>
<li>Tampico.—22°12´, 97°51´.</li>
<li>Tula.—23°00´, 99°42´.</li>
<li>Villagran.—24°29´, 99°29´.</li>
<li>Villa Mainero.—24°34´, 99°36´.</li>
<li>Washington Beach.—25°53´, 97°09´.</li>
<li>Xicotencatl.—23°00´, 98°57´.</li>
<li>Zamorina.—23°20´, 97°58´.</li>
</ul>
<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_387" id="Page_387">[Pg 387]</a></span></p>
<div class="figcenter" style="width: 377px;">
<a name="fig4" id="fig4"></a>
<a href="images/i_004.png">
<img src="images/i_004t.png" width="377" height="600" alt="Fig. 4. Place names, in Tamaulipas, mentioned in text." title="Fig. 4. Place names, in Tamaulipas, mentioned in text."/>
</a><span class="caption"><span class="smcap">Fig. 4.</span> Place names, in Tamaulipas, mentioned in text.</span>
</div>
<p class="center"><small>[Click map for larger view.]</small></p>
<hr class="chap" /><p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_388" id="Page_388">[Pg 388]</a></span></p>
<h2><a name="CHECK-LIST" id="CHECK-LIST"></a>CHECK-LIST</h2>
<p>The 146 kinds of native mammals of 120 species found in Tamaulipas
belong to 72 genera of 25 families of 10 orders. Non-native mammals
introduced by man are not included.</p>
<h3>
Class MAMMALIA</h3>
<h4>Order MARSUPIALIA</h4>
<ul class="index">
<li class="ifrst">Family Didelphidae<span class="right"> PAGE</span></li>
<li class="isub1"><i>Didelphis marsupialis californicus</i> Bennett<span class="right"> <a href="#Page_393">393</a></span></li>
<li class="isub1"><i>Didelphis marsupialis texensis</i> J. A. Allen<span class="right"> <a href="#Page_394">394</a></span></li>
<li class="isub1"><i>Philander opossum pallidus</i> (J. A. Allen)<span class="right"> <a href="#Page_394">394</a></span></li>
<li class="isub1"><i>Marmosa mexicana mexicana</i> Merriam<span class="right"> <a href="#Page_395">395</a></span></li>
</ul>
<h4>Order INSECTIVORA</h4>
<ul class="index">
<li class="ifrst">Family Soricidae</li>
<li class="isub1"><i>Sorex saussurei saussurei</i> Merriam<span class="right"> <a href="#Page_396">396</a></span></li>
<li class="isub1"><i>Cryptotis parva berlandieri</i> (Baird)<span class="right"> <a href="#Page_396">396</a></span></li>
<li class="isub1"><i>Cryptotis pergracilis pueblensis</i> Jackson<span class="right"> <a href="#Page_396">396</a></span></li>
<li class="isub1"><i>Cryptotis mexicana madrea</i> Goodwin<span class="right"> <a href="#Page_396">396</a></span></li>
<li class="isub1"><i>Notiosorex crawfordi</i> (Coues)<span class="right"> <a href="#Page_397">397</a></span></li>
<li class="ifrst">Family Talpidae</li>
<li class="isub1"><i>Scalopus inflatus</i> Jackson<span class="right"> <a href="#Page_397">397</a></span></li>
</ul>
<h4>Order CHIROPTERA</h4>
<ul class="index">
<li class="ifrst">Family Phyllostomatidae</li>
<li class="isub1"><i>Pteronotus rubiginosus mexicana</i> (Miller)<span class="right"> <a href="#Page_398">398</a></span></li>
<li class="isub1"><i>Pteronotus davyi fulvus</i> (Thomas)<span class="right"> <a href="#Page_398">398</a></span></li>
<li class="isub1"><i>Choeronycteris mexicana</i> Tschudi<span class="right"> <a href="#Page_399">399</a></span></li>
<li class="isub1"><i>Mormoops megalophylla megalophylla</i> (Peters)<span class="right"> <a href="#Page_399">399</a></span></li>
<li class="isub1"><i>Micronycteris megalotis mexicana</i> Miller<span class="right"> <a href="#Page_400">400</a></span></li>
<li class="isub1"><i>Glossophaga sorocina leachii</i> (Gray)<span class="right"> <a href="#Page_400">400</a></span></li>
<li class="isub1"><i>Leptonycteris nivalis nivalis</i> (Saussure)<span class="right"> <a href="#Page_401">401</a></span></li>
<li class="isub1"><i>Sturnira lilium parvidens</i> Goldman<span class="right"> <a href="#Page_401">401</a></span></li>
<li class="isub1"><i>Artibeus jamaicensis jamaicensis</i> Leach<span class="right"> <a href="#Page_402">402</a></span></li>
<li class="isub1"><i>Artibeus lituratus palmarum</i> Allen and Chapman<span class="right"> <a href="#Page_402">402</a></span></li>
<li class="isub1"><i>Artibeus toltecus</i> (Saussure)<span class="right"> <a href="#Page_403">403</a></span></li>
<li class="isub1"><i>Artibeus aztecus</i> Andersen<span class="right"> <a href="#Page_403">403</a></span></li>
<li class="isub1"><i>Enchistenes hartii</i> (Thomas)<span class="right"> <a href="#Page_404">404</a></span></li>
<li class="isub1"><i>Centurio senex</i> Gray<span class="right"> <a href="#Page_404">404</a></span></li>
<li class="ifrst">Family Desmodontidae</li>
<li class="isub1"><i>Desmodus rotundus murinus</i> Wagner<span class="right"> <a href="#Page_405">405</a></span></li>
<li class="isub1"><i>Diphylla ecaudata</i> Spix<span class="right"> <a href="#Page_406">406</a></span></li>
<li class="ifrst">Family Natalidae</li>
<li class="isub1"><i>Natalus stramineus saturatus</i> Dalquest and Hall<span class="right"> <a href="#Page_407">407</a></span><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_389" id="Page_389">[Pg 389]</a></span></li>
<li class="ifrst">Family Vespertilionidae</li>
<li class="isub1"><i>Myotis velifer incautus</i> (J. A. Allen)<span class="right"> <a href="#Page_407">407</a></span></li>
<li class="isub1"><i>Myotis keenii auriculus</i> Baker and Stains<span class="right"> <a href="#Page_408">408</a></span></li>
<li class="isub1"><i>Myotis californicus mexicanus</i> (Saussure)<span class="right"> <a href="#Page_408">408</a></span></li>
<li class="isub1"><i>Myotis nigricans dalquesti</i> Hall and Alvarez<span class="right"> <a href="#Page_409">409</a></span></li>
<li class="isub1"><i>Pipistrellus subflavus subflavus</i> (F. Cuvier)<span class="right"> <a href="#Page_409">409</a></span></li>
<li class="isub1"><i>Pipistrellus hesperus potosinus</i> Dalquest<span class="right"> <a href="#Page_410">410</a></span></li>
<li class="isub1"><i>Eptesicus fuscus miradorensis</i> (H. Allen)<span class="right"> <a href="#Page_410">410</a></span></li>
<li class="isub1"><i>Lasiurus borealis borealis</i> (Müller)<span class="right"> <a href="#Page_411">411</a></span></li>
<li class="isub1"><i>Lasiurus borealis teliotis</i> (H. Allen)<span class="right"> <a href="#Page_412">412</a></span></li>
<li class="isub1"><i>Lasiurus cinereus cinereus</i> (Palisot and Beauvois)<span class="right"> <a href="#Page_412">412</a></span></li>
<li class="isub1"><i>Lasiurus intermedius intermedius</i> H. Allen<span class="right"> <a href="#Page_412">412</a></span></li>
<li class="isub1"><i>Lasiurus ega xanthinus</i> (Thomas)<span class="right"> <a href="#Page_413">413</a></span></li>
<li class="isub1"><i>Nycticeus humeralis humeralis</i> (Rafinesque)<span class="right"> <a href="#Page_413">413</a></span></li>
<li class="isub1"><i>Nycticeus humeralis mexicanus</i> Davis<span class="right"> <a href="#Page_413">413</a></span></li>
<li class="isub1"><i>Rhogeëssa tumida tumida</i> H. Allen<span class="right"> <a href="#Page_414">414</a></span></li>
<li class="isub1"><i>Plecotus phyllotis</i> (G. M. Allen)<span class="right"> <a href="#Page_415">415</a></span></li>
<li class="isub1"><i>Antrozous pallidus pallidus</i> (Le Conte)<span class="right"> <a href="#Page_415">415</a></span></li>
<li class="ifrst">Family Molossidae</li>
<li class="isub1"><i>Tadarida brasiliensis mexicana</i> (Saussure)<span class="right"> <a href="#Page_415">415</a></span></li>
<li class="isub1"><i>Tadarida aurispinosa</i> (Peale)<span class="right"> <a href="#Page_415">415</a></span></li>
<li class="isub1"><i>Tadarida laticaudata ferruginea</i> Goodwin<span class="right"> <a href="#Page_416">416</a></span></li>
<li class="isub1"><i>Molossus ater nigricans</i> Miller<span class="right"> <a href="#Page_417">417</a></span></li>
</ul>
<h4>Order PRIMATES</h4>
<ul class="index">
<li class="ifrst">Family Cebidae</li>
<li class="isub1"><i>Ateles geoffroyi velerosus</i> Gray<span class="right"> <a href="#Page_417">417</a></span></li>
</ul>
<h4>Order EDENTATA</h4>
<ul class="index">
<li class="ifrst">Family Dasypodidae</li>
<li class="isub1"><i>Dasypus novemcinctus mexicanus</i> Peters<span class="right"> <a href="#Page_418">418</a></span></li>
</ul>
<h4>Order LAGOMORPHA</h4>
<ul class="index">
<li class="ifrst">Family Leporidae</li>
<li class="isub1"><i>Sylvilagus brasiliensis truei</i> (J. A. Allen)<span class="right"> <a href="#Page_418">418</a></span></li>
<li class="isub1"><i>Sylvilagus audubonii parvulus</i> (J. A. Allen)<span class="right"> <a href="#Page_418">418</a></span></li>
<li class="isub1"><i>Sylvilagus floridanus chapmani</i> (J. A. Allen)<span class="right"> <a href="#Page_419">419</a></span></li>
<li class="isub1"><i>Sylvilagus floridanus connectens</i> (Nelson)<span class="right"> <a href="#Page_419">419</a></span></li>
<li class="isub1"><i>Lepus californicus altamirae</i> Nelson<span class="right"> <a href="#Page_420">420</a></span></li>
<li class="isub1"><i>Lepus californicus curti</i> Hall<span class="right"> <a href="#Page_420">420</a></span></li>
<li class="isub1"><i>Lepus californicus merriami</i> Mearns<span class="right"> <a href="#Page_421">421</a></span></li>
</ul>
<h4>Order RODENTIA</h4>
<ul class="index">
<li class="ifrst">Family Sciuridae</li>
<li class="isub1"><i>Spermophilus mexicanus parvidens</i> Mearns<span class="right"> <a href="#Page_421">421</a></span></li>
<li class="isub1"><i>Spermophilus spilosoma oricolus</i> Alvarez<span class="right"> <a href="#Page_422">422</a></span></li>
<li class="isub1"><i>Spermophilus variegatus couchii</i> Baird<span class="right"> <a href="#Page_422">422</a></span><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_390" id="Page_390">[Pg 390]</a></span></li>
<li class="isub1"><i>Sciurus aureogaster aureogaster</i> Cuvier<span class="right"> <a href="#Page_423">423</a></span></li>
<li class="isub1"><i>Sciurus deppei negligens</i> Nelson<span class="right"> <a href="#Page_424">424</a></span></li>
<li class="isub1"><i>Sciurus alleni</i> Nelson<span class="right"> <a href="#Page_424">424</a></span></li>
<li class="isub1"><i>Glaucomys volans herreranus</i> Goldman<span class="right"> <a href="#Page_425">425</a></span></li>
<li class="ifrst">Family Geomyidae</li>
<li class="isub1"><i>Geomys personatus personatus</i> True<span class="right"> <a href="#Page_425">425</a></span></li>
<li class="isub1"><i>Geomys tropicalis</i> Goldman<span class="right"> <a href="#Page_426">426</a></span></li>
<li class="isub1"><i>Heterogeomys hispidus negatus</i> Goodwin<span class="right"> <a href="#Page_427">427</a></span></li>
<li class="isub1"><i>Cratogeomys castanops planifrons</i> Nelson and Goldman<span class="right"> <a href="#Page_428">428</a></span></li>
<li class="isub1"><i>Cratogeomys castanops tamaulipensis</i> Nelson and Goldman<span class="right"> <a href="#Page_428">428</a></span></li>
<li class="ifrst">Family Heteromyidae</li>
<li class="isub1"><i>Perognathus merriami merriami</i> J. A. Allen<span class="right"> <a href="#Page_429">429</a></span></li>
<li class="isub1"><i>Perognathus hispidus hispidus</i> Baird<span class="right"> <a href="#Page_429">429</a></span></li>
<li class="isub1"><i>Perognathus nelsoni nelsoni</i> Merriam<span class="right"> <a href="#Page_430">430</a></span></li>
<li class="isub1"><i>Dipodomys ordii durranti</i> Setzer<span class="right"> <a href="#Page_431">431</a></span></li>
<li class="isub1"><i>Dipodomys ordii parvabullatus</i> Hall<span class="right"> <a href="#Page_431">431</a></span></li>
<li class="isub1"><i>Dipodomys ordii compactus</i> True<span class="right"> <a href="#Page_431">431</a></span></li>
<li class="isub1"><i>Dipodomys merriami atronasus</i> Merriam<span class="right"> <a href="#Page_432">432</a></span></li>
<li class="isub1"><i>Liomys irroratus alleni</i> (Coues)<span class="right"> <a href="#Page_433">433</a></span></li>
<li class="isub1"><i>Liomys irroratus texensis</i> Merriam<span class="right"> <a href="#Page_433">433</a></span></li>
<li class="ifrst">Family Castoridae</li>
<li class="isub1"><i>Castor canadensis mexicanus</i> V. Bailey<span class="right"> <a href="#Page_434">434</a></span></li>
<li class="ifrst">Family Cricetidae</li>
<li class="isub1"><i>Oryzomys palustris aquaticus</i> J. A. Allen<span class="right"> <a href="#Page_435">435</a></span></li>
<li class="isub1"><i>Oryzomys palustris peragrus</i> Merriam<span class="right"> <a href="#Page_435">435</a></span></li>
<li class="isub1"><i>Oryzomys melanotis carrorum</i> Lawrence<span class="right"> <a href="#Page_436">436</a></span></li>
<li class="isub1"><i>Oryzomys melanotis rostratus</i> Merriam<span class="right"> <a href="#Page_437">437</a></span></li>
<li class="isub1"><i>Oryzomys alfaroi huastecae</i> Dalquest<span class="right"> <a href="#Page_437">437</a></span></li>
<li class="isub1"><i>Oryzomys fulvescens fulvescens</i> (Saussure)<span class="right"> <a href="#Page_438">438</a></span></li>
<li class="isub1"><i>Oryzomys fulvescens engracie</i> Osgood<span class="right"> <a href="#Page_438">438</a></span></li>
<li class="isub1"><i>Reithrodontomys megalotis hooperi</i> Goodwin<span class="right"> <a href="#Page_438">438</a></span></li>
<li class="isub1"><i>Reithrodontomys fulvescens griseoflavus</i> Merriam<span class="right"> <a href="#Page_438">438</a></span></li>
<li class="isub1"><i>Reithrodontomys fulvescens intermedius</i> J. A. Allen<span class="right"> <a href="#Page_439">439</a></span></li>
<li class="isub1"><i>Reithrodontomys fulvescens tropicalis</i> Davis<span class="right"> <a href="#Page_439">439</a></span></li>
<li class="isub1"><i>Reithrodontomys mexicanus mexicanus</i> (Saussure)<span class="right"> <a href="#Page_440">440</a></span></li>
<li class="isub1"><i>Peromyscus maniculatus blandus</i> Osgood<span class="right"> <a href="#Page_440">440</a></span></li>
<li class="isub1"><i>Peromyscus melanotis</i> J. A. Allen and Chapman<span class="right"> <a href="#Page_440">440</a></span></li>
<li class="isub1"><i>Peromyscus leucopus texanus</i> (Woodhouse)<span class="right"> <a href="#Page_441">441</a></span></li>
<li class="isub1"><i>Peromyscus boylii ambiguus</i> Alvarez<span class="right"> <a href="#Page_443">443</a></span></li>
<li class="isub1"><i>Peromyscus boylii levipes</i> Merriam<span class="right"> <a href="#Page_443">443</a></span></li>
<li class="isub1"><i>Peromyscus pectoralis collinus</i> Hooper<span class="right"> <a href="#Page_444">444</a></span></li>
<li class="isub1"><i>Peromyscus pectoralis eremicoides</i> Osgood<span class="right"> <a href="#Page_445">445</a></span></li>
<li class="isub1"><i>Peromyscus melanophrys consobrinus</i> Osgood<span class="right"> <a href="#Page_445">445</a></span></li>
<li class="isub1"><i>Peromyscus difficilis petricola</i> Hoffmeister and de la Torre<span class="right"> <a href="#Page_446">446</a></span></li>
<li class="isub1"><i>Peromyscus ochraventer</i> Baker<span class="right"> <a href="#Page_446">446</a></span></li>
<li class="isub1"><i>Baiomys taylori taylori</i> (Thomas)<span class="right"> <a href="#Page_447">447</a></span><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_391" id="Page_391">[Pg 391]</a></span></li>
<li class="isub1"><i>Onychomys leucogaster longipes</i> Merriam<span class="right"> <a href="#Page_447">447</a></span></li>
<li class="isub1"><i>Onychomys torridus subrufus</i> Hollister<span class="right"> <a href="#Page_448">448</a></span></li>
<li class="isub1"><i>Sigmodon hispidus berlandieri</i> Baird<span class="right"> <a href="#Page_449">449</a></span></li>
<li class="isub1"><i>Sigmodon hispidus solus</i> Hall<span class="right"> <a href="#Page_450">450</a></span></li>
<li class="isub1"><i>Sigmodon hispidus toltecus</i> (Saussure)<span class="right"> <a href="#Page_450">450</a></span></li>
<li class="isub1"><i>Neotoma albigula subsolana</i> Alvarez<span class="right"> <a href="#Page_450">450</a></span></li>
<li class="isub1"><i>Neotoma angustapalata</i> Baker<span class="right"> <a href="#Page_451">451</a></span></li>
<li class="isub1"><i>Neotoma micropus littoralis</i> Goldman<span class="right"> <a href="#Page_453">453</a></span></li>
<li class="isub1"><i>Neotoma micropus micropus</i> Baird<span class="right"> <a href="#Page_453">453</a></span></li>
<li class="isub1"><i>Microtus mexicanus subsimus</i> Goldman<span class="right"> <a href="#Page_454">454</a></span></li>
</ul>
<h4>Order CARNIVORA</h4>
<ul class="index">
<li class="ifrst">Family Canidae</li>
<li class="isub1"><i>Canis latrans microdon</i> Merriam<span class="right"> <a href="#Page_454">454</a></span></li>
<li class="isub1"><i>Canis latrans texensis</i> V. Bailey<span class="right"> <a href="#Page_455">455</a></span></li>
<li class="isub1"><i>Canis lupus monstrabilis</i> Goldman<span class="right"> <a href="#Page_455">455</a></span></li>
<li class="isub1"><i>Urocyon cinereoargenteus scottii</i> Mearns<span class="right"> <a href="#Page_455">455</a></span></li>
<li class="ifrst">Family Ursidae</li>
<li class="isub1"><i>Ursus americanus eremicus</i> Merriam<span class="right"> <a href="#Page_456">456</a></span></li>
<li class="ifrst">Family Procyonidae</li>
<li class="isub1"><i>Bassariscus astutus flavus</i> Rhoads<span class="right"> <a href="#Page_456">456</a></span></li>
<li class="isub1"><i>Procyon lotor fuscipes</i> Mearns<span class="right"> <a href="#Page_457">457</a></span></li>
<li class="isub1"><i>Procyon lotor hernandezii</i> Wagler<span class="right"> <a href="#Page_457">457</a></span></li>
<li class="isub1"><i>Nasua narica molaris</i> Merriam<span class="right"> <a href="#Page_458">458</a></span></li>
<li class="isub1"><i>Potos flavus aztecus</i> Thomas<span class="right"> <a href="#Page_458">458</a></span></li>
<li class="ifrst">Family Mustelidae</li>
<li class="isub1"><i>Mustela frenata frenata</i> Lichtenstein<span class="right"> <a href="#Page_458">458</a></span></li>
<li class="isub1"><i>Mustela frenata tropicalis</i> (Merriam)<span class="right"> <a href="#Page_459">459</a></span></li>
<li class="isub1"><i>Eira barbara senex</i> (Thomas)<span class="right"> <a href="#Page_459">459</a></span></li>
<li class="isub1"><i>Taxidea taxus berlandieri</i> Baird<span class="right"> <a href="#Page_460">460</a></span></li>
<li class="isub1"><i>Taxidea taxus littoralis</i> Schantz<span class="right"> <a href="#Page_460">460</a></span></li>
<li class="isub1"><i>Spilogale putorius interrupta</i> (Rafinesque)<span class="right"> <a href="#Page_461">461</a></span></li>
<li class="isub1"><i>Mephitis mephitis</i> varians Gray<span class="right"> <a href="#Page_461">461</a></span></li>
<li class="isub1"><i>Mephitis macroura macroura</i> Lichtenstein<span class="right"> <a href="#Page_461">461</a></span></li>
<li class="isub1"><i>Conepatus mesoleucus mearnsi</i> Merriam<span class="right"> <a href="#Page_462">462</a></span></li>
<li class="isub1"><i>Conepatus leuconotus texensis</i> Merriam<span class="right"> <a href="#Page_462">462</a></span></li>
<li class="ifrst">Family Felidae</li>
<li class="isub1"><i>Felis concolor stanleyana</i> Goldman<span class="right"> <a href="#Page_462">462</a></span></li>
<li class="isub1"><i>Felis onca veraecrucis</i> Nelson and Goldman<span class="right"> <a href="#Page_463">463</a></span></li>
<li class="isub1"><i>Felis pardalis albescens</i> Pucheran<span class="right"> <a href="#Page_463">463</a></span></li>
<li class="isub1"><i>Felis wiedii oaxacensis</i> Nelson and Goldman<span class="right"> <a href="#Page_464">464</a></span></li>
<li class="isub1"><i>Felis yagouaroundi cacomitli</i> Berlandier<span class="right"> <a href="#Page_464">464</a></span></li>
<li class="isub1"><i>Lynx rufus texensis</i> J. A. Allen<span class="right"> <a href="#Page_464">464</a></span></li>
</ul>
<h4>Order SIRENIA</h4>
<ul class="index">
<li class="ifrst">Family Trichechidae</li>
<li class="isub1"><i>Trichechus manatus latirostris</i> (Harlan)<span class="right"> <a href="#Page_465">465</a></span>
<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_392" id="Page_392">[Pg 392]</a></span></li>
</ul>
<h4>Order ARTIODACTYLA</h4>
<ul class="index">
<li class="ifrst">Family Tayassuidae</li>
<li class="isub1"><i>Tayassu tajacu angulatus</i> (Cope)<span class="right"> <a href="#Page_465">465</a></span></li>
<li class="ifrst">Family Cervidae</li>
<li class="isub1"><i>Odocoileus hemionus crooki</i> (Mearns)<span class="right"> <a href="#Page_465">465</a></span></li>
<li class="isub1"><i>Odocoileus virginianus miquihuanensis</i> Goldman and Kellogg<span class="right"> <a href="#Page_466">466</a></span></li>
<li class="isub1"><i>Odocoileus virginianus texanus</i> (Mearns)<span class="right"> <a href="#Page_466">466</a></span></li>
<li class="isub1"><i>Odocoileus virginianus veraecrucis</i> Goldman and Kellogg<span class="right"> <a href="#Page_466">466</a></span></li>
<li class="isub1"><i>Mazama americana temama</i> (Kerr)<span class="right"> <a href="#Page_466">466</a></span></li>
<li class="ifrst">Family Antilocapridae</li>
<li class="isub1"><i>Antilocapra americana mexicana</i> Merriam<span class="right"> <a href="#Page_467">467</a></span></li>
</ul>
<hr class="chap" />
<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_393" id="Page_393">[Pg 393]</a></span></p>
<h2><a name="ACCOUNTS_OF_SPECIES_AND_SUBSPECIES" id="ACCOUNTS_OF_SPECIES_AND_SUBSPECIES"></a>ACCOUNTS OF SPECIES AND SUBSPECIES</h2>
<h3>Didelphis marsupialis<br />
<span class="fwn">Opossum</span></h3>
<p>The opossum occurs throughout Tamaulipas but is commonest in the south,
especially in the areas of tropical forest and along water courses.
Most of the specimens examined were caught in steel traps baited with
remains of small animals (mostly mammals and birds, but one trap was
baited with the head of a black bass). At Villa Mainero five
individuals were caught in one night in five of seven traps scented
with spilogale musk. These traps were set in runways along a thick
thorn-brush fence, which separated a cornfield from thorn-brush desert.
Along the Río Purificación 36 kilometers north and 10 kilometers west
of Victoria an opossum was eaten in a trap by a small carnivore,
probably a felid judging from tracks around the trap.</p>
<p>A female with 14 pouch young was taken in June in the Sierra de
Tamaulipas and weighed 1350 grams; a March-taken female with nine small
young in her pouch, from Soto la Marina, weighed 1800 grams. A male
from the Sierra de Tamaulipas also weighed 1800 grams.</p>
<h3>Didelphis marsupialis californica <span class="fwn">Bennett</span></h3>
<p class="i3">1833. <i>Didelphis Californica</i> Bennett, Proc. Zool. Soc.
London, p. 40, May 17, type locality restricted to Sonora by
Hershkovitz (<i>infra</i>).</p>
<p class="i3">1951. <i>Didelphis marsupialis californica</i>, Hershkovitz
Fieldiana-Zool., Chicago Nat. Hist. Mus., 31(47):548, July
10.</p>
<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Distribution in Tamaulipas.</i>—Southeastern part of state,
north at least to Soto la Marina.</p></div>
<p>In studying Tamaulipan specimens, I was mindful that Hershkovitz
(1951:550) regarded all opossums of this species in México as a single
subspecies, even though J. A. Allen (1901) recognized two subspecies in
the northeastern part of the Republic. According to Allen (p. 172), <i>D.
m. texensis</i> (to which he ascribed a distribution in Texas and
adjoining Tamaulipas) was described as: "Similar in coloration to <i>D.
marsupialis</i> (<i>typica</i>) [<i>D. m. californica</i>], but with a relatively
longer tail, longer nasals, usually terminating posteriorly in an acute
angle, instead of being rounded or more or less abruptly truncated on
the posterior border." The available material from Tamaulipas can be
divided into two groups on the basis of shape and proportion of the
nasals. In opossums from the southeast the nasals are truncate
posteriorly and average 47.0 (45.1-48.4) per cent of the condylobasal
length, whereas in specimens from elsewhere<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_394" id="Page_394">[Pg 394]</a></span> the nasals are acute
posteriorly and average 50.7 (49.7-51.8) per cent of the condylobasal
length. Tentatively, therefore, I follow Allen in recognizing two
subspecies in northeastern México.</p>
<p>I note no especial difference in length of tail between <i>texensis</i> and
<i>californica</i>. Hooper (1951:3) followed Hershkovitz in reporting as
<i>californica</i> a specimen from Rancho del Cielo; to me, specimens from
this area are referable to <i>texensis</i>.</p>
<p>One of the specimens from two miles south and 10 miles west of Piedra
(54917) has a supernumerary tooth lingual and anterior to the last
upper molar. The tooth is small (2.7 mm. long) and peglike.</p>
<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Records of occurrence.</i>—Specimens examined, 8: 3 mi. N
Soto la Marina, 1; 2 mi. S, 10 mi. W Piedra, 12,000 ft., 7.</p>
<p>Additional records: Matamoros (Baird, 1858:234); Altamira
(J. A. Allen, 1901:167).</p></div>
<h3>Didelphis marsupialis texensis <span class="fwn">J. A. Allen</span></h3>
<p class="i3">1901. <i>Didelphis marsupialis texensis</i> J. A. Allen, Bull.
Amer. Mus. Hist., 14:172, June 15, type from Brownsville,
Cameron County, Texas.</p>
<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Distribution in Tamaulipas.</i>—Northern, central and
southwestern parts of state.</p>
<p><i>Records of occurrence.</i>—Specimens examined, 7: San
Fernando, 180 ft., 1; Villa Mainero, 1700 ft., 2; 36 km. N,
10 km. W Cd. Victoria (1 km. E El Barretal), on Río
Purificación, 1; 12 km. N, 4 km. W Cd. Victoria, 1; Ejido
Santa Isabel (12 km. S Llera), 2 km. W Pan-American Highway,
2000 ft., 1; 4 mi. N Jaumave, 2500 ft., 1.</p>
<p>Additional records: Matamoros (J. A. Allen, 1901:173); El
Mulato, San Carlos Mts. (Dice, 1937:249); Rancho del Cielo
(Hooper, 1953:3).</p></div>
<h3>Philander opossum pallidus <span class="fwn">(J. A. Allen)</span><br />
<span class="fwn">Four-eyed Opossum</span></h3>
<p class="i3">1901. <i>Metachirus fuscogriseus pallidus</i> J. A. Allen, Bull.
Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 14:215, July 3, type from Orizaba,
Veracruz.</p>
<p class="i3">1955. <i>Philander opossum pallidus</i>, Miller and Kellogg,
Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 205:8, March 3.</p>
<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Distribution in Tamaulipas.</i>—Known only from along eastern
side of Sierra Madre Oriental, north to vicinity of La
Purisima.</p></div>
<p>In Tamaulipas, the four-eyed opossum is seemingly common at relatively
low elevations in the Tropical Deciduous Forest along the eastern side
of the Sierra Madre Oriental, but the species is not restricted to this
area as one specimen is available from a place seven kilometers
southwest of La Purisima, in the drier forest of west-central
Tamaulipas. The highest elevation at which individuals have been taken
in the state is approximately 2500 feet.</p>
<p>Specimens obtained two kilometers west of El Carrizo were caught in
steel traps that were baited with the bodies of small birds and mammals
and that were set in trails leading through a fence<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_395" id="Page_395">[Pg 395]</a></span> of piled logs that
separated a cornfield from adjacent forest. At Rancho Pano Ayuctle,
some individuals were trapped in steel sets baited with scraps of meat;
others were shot at night in the forest along the Río Sabinas.
Schaldach reported in his notes that four-eyed opossums robbed trap
lines set for small mammals at Rancho Pano Ayuctle. W. W. Dalquest
trapped an individual seven kilometers southwest of La Purisima using
the body of an armadillo as bait. The natives of southern Tamaulipas
refer to this animal as "tlacuache cuatrojos."</p>
<p>Tamaulipan specimens of <i>P. o. pallidus</i> differ from topotypes and
other specimens from the vicinity of the type locality in averaging
somewhat paler dorsally and slightly smaller in cranial dimensions when
specimens of equal age are compared. They differ also in having a
longer terminal area of white on the tail, 53.1 per cent (43.3-62.8) of
the length of the tail in 13 specimens from Tamaulipas, and 38.7
(30.9-48.2) per cent in 14 specimens from the vicinity of the type
locality of <i>pallidus</i> in Veracruz; specimens from northern Veracruz
are intermediate between the two mentioned populations in amount of
white on the tail. Baker (1951:210) noted that the specimens from two
kilometers west of El Carrizo had "proportionately longer tails than
typical <i>P. o. pallidus</i> from central Veracruz," but I do not find this
character to be consistent in the more abundant material now available.</p>
<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Measurements.</i>—External and cranial measurements of three
adults, a male and female from Rancho Pano Ayuctle and a
male from two kilometers west of El Carrizo, respectively,
are as follows: 577, 580, 568; 294, 288, 290; 46, 43, 43;
40, 42, 37; condylobasal length, ——, 70.1, 69.9; palatal
length, 43.2, 42.3, 41.9; lambdoidal breadth, 23.6, 22.0,
22.7; alveolar length of maxillary tooth-row, 29.5, 28.4,
29.0.</p>
<p><i>Records of occurrence.</i>—Specimens examined, 15: 7 km. SW
La Purisima, 1; Rancho Pano Ayuctle, 6 mi. N Gómez Farías,
300 ft., 1; Rancho Pano Ayuctle, 25 mi. N Mante and 3 km. W
Pan-American Highway, 300 ft., 7; 10 km. N, 8 km. W El
Encino, 400 ft., 3; 2 km. W El Carrizo, 2500 ft., 3 (one
specimen deposited in Instituto de Biología, México).</p>
</div>
<h3>Marmosa mexicana mexicana <span class="fwn">Merriam</span><br />
<span class="fwn">Mexican Mouse-opossum</span></h3>
<p class="i3">1897. <i>Marmosa murina mexicana</i> Merriam, Proc. Biol. Soc.
Washington, 11:44, March 16, type from Juquila, 1500 m.,
Oaxaca.</p>
<p class="i3">1902. <i>Marmosa mexicana</i>, Bangs, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool.,
39:19, April.</p>
<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Distribution in Tamaulipas.</i>—Known only from Aserradero
del Infernillo (Goodwin, 1954:3) in southwestern part of
state.</p>
<p><i>Marmosa</i> has been reported from Tamaulipas only by Goodwin
(1954:3), who examined "15 rami, and one fragment of
maxillary" that were found in a cave. Possibly they were
remains from owl pellets.</p></div>
<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_396" id="Page_396">[Pg 396]</a></span></p>
<h3>Sorex saussurei saussurei <span class="fwn">Merriam</span><br />
<span class="fwn">Saussure's Shrew</span></h3>
<p class="i3">1892. <i>Sorex saussurei</i> Merriam, Proc. Biol. Soc.
Washington, 7:173, September 29, type from N slope Sierra
Nevada de Colima, approximately 8000 ft., Jalisco.</p>
<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Distribution in Tamaulipas.</i>—Known only from Miquihuana.</p>
<p>Jackson (1928:156) reported four specimens from Miquihuana,
which he incorrectly located in Nuevo León.</p></div>
<h3>Cryptotis parva berlandieri <span class="fwn">(Baird)</span><br />
<span class="fwn">Least Shrew</span></h3>
<p class="i3">1858. <i>Blarina berlandieri</i> Baird, Mammals, <i>in</i> Repts.
Expl. Surv. ..., 8(1):53, July 14, type from Matamoros,
Tamaulipas.</p>
<p class="i3">1941. <i>Cryptotis parva berlandieri</i>, Davis, Jour. Mamm.,
22:413, November 13.</p>
<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Distribution in Tamaulipas.</i>—Throughout state.</p></div>
<p>A female taken on July 5, one mile south of Altamira, carried three
embryos 5 mm. in crown-rump length. A female from the same locality and
another taken on June 6 in the Sierra de Tamaulipas were lactating.
Weight of each of six males was 5.0 grams.</p>
<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Records of occurrence.</i>—Specimens examined, 9: Sierra de
Tamaulipas, 10 mi. W, 2 mi. S Piedra, 1200 ft., 1; 1 mi. S
Altamira, 8.</p>
<p>Additional records: Matamoros (Baird, 1858:53); 9 km. N
Rancho Tigre (Goodwin, 1954:3).</p></div>
<h3>Cryptotis pergracilis pueblensis <span class="fwn">Jackson</span><br />
<span class="fwn">Slender Small-eared Shrew</span></h3>
<p class="i3">1933. <i>Cryptotis pergracilis pueblensis</i> Jackson, Proc.
Biol. Soc. Washington, 46:79, April 27, type from
Huachinango, 5000 ft., Puebla.</p>
<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Distribution in Tamaulipas.</i>—Known only from Aserradero
del Paraiso.</p></div>
<p>The only report from Tamaulipas of this small shrew is that of Goodwin
(1954:3) who listed a cranium and mandible, possibly of the same
individual, found on the floor of a cave. Goodwin referred the remains
to <i>pueblensis</i> because of the "noticeably broader and heavier rostrum
than in ... <i>C. parva berlandieri</i> from Rancho Tigre."</p>
<h3>Cryptotis mexicana madrea <span class="fwn">Goodwin</span><br />
<span class="fwn">Mexican Small-eared Shrew</span></h3>
<p class="i3">1954. <i>Cryptotis mexicana madrea</i> Goodwin, Amer. Mus.
Novit., 1670:1, June 28, type from Rancho del Cielo, 5 mi.
NW Gómez Farías, 3500 ft., Tamaulipas.</p>
<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Distribution in Tamaulipas.</i>—Known only from the type
locality and vicinity thereof.</p></div>
<p>This subspecies is known only from two complete specimens, six crania
and four rami collected in two different localities—the type<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_397" id="Page_397">[Pg 397]</a></span> locality
and Aserradero del Infernillo, only seven kilometers from the type
locality. All the specimens were examined and reported by Goodwin
(1954:1; 1954:4). The type specimen "was taken in a low section of an
overgrown ditch" and the other complete specimen was trapped in a stone
wall that separated an orchard from a pasture. The six skulls were
found in owl pellets.</p>
<h3>Notiosorex crawfordi <span class="fwn">(Coues)</span><br />
<span class="fwn">Crawford's Desert Shrew</span></h3>
<p class="i3">1877. <i>Sorex (Notiosorex) crawfordi</i> Coues, Bull. U. S.
Geol. and Geog. Surv. Territories, 3:651, May 15, type from
near old Fort Bliss, approximately 2 mi. above El Paso, El
Paso Co., Texas.</p>
<p class="i3">1895. <i>Notiosorex crawfordi</i>, Merriam, N. Amer. Fauna,
10:32, Dec. 31.</p>
<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Distribution in Tamaulipas</i>.—Known only from two
localities in southwestern part of state.</p></div>
<p>The two specimens examined were collected in July, one in tropical
forest and the other in pine-oak forest; each was a lactating female
and each weighed 5 grams.</p>
<p>Judging from Merriam's (1895:32) description, the two females differ
from the type and three specimens from San Diego, Texas, in having a
unicolored tail and in being slightly larger externally. When more
abundant material is available the <i>Notiosorex crawfordi</i> of
northeastern México probably will be found to represent a new
subspecies; for the present I follow Findley (1955:616) in referring
Tamaulipan specimens to <i>N. crawfordi</i>.</p>
<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Measurements.</i>—External measurements of the specimens from
Jaumave and Palmillas, respectively: 90, 90; 28, 31; 11,
11.5; 8, 8. For cranial measurements see Findley (1955:32).</p>
<p><i>Records of occurrence.</i>—Specimens examined, 2: Jaumave,
2400 ft., 1; Palmillas, 4400 ft., 1.</p></div>
<h3>Scalopus inflatus <span class="fwn">Jackson</span><br />
<span class="fwn">Tamaulipan Mole</span></h3>
<p class="i3">1914. <i>Scalopus inflatus</i> Jackson, Proc. Biol. Soc.
Washington, 27:21, February 2, type from Tamaulipas, 45
miles from Brownsville, Texas.</p>
<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Distribution in Tamaulipas.</i>—Known only from the type
locality.</p></div>
<p><i>Scalopus inflatus</i> is known only from the type specimen, which is
imperfect and lacks complete data according to Jackson (1914:21). The
type locality is in Tamaulipas, 45 miles from Brownsville, Texas, but
the exact direction from Brownsville is unknown; probably the locality
was on the road between that town and San Fernando, Tamaulipas, which
is south-southwest of Brownsville.</p><p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_398" id="Page_398">[Pg 398]</a></span></p>
<h3>Pteronotus rubiginosus mexicanus <span class="fwn">(Miller)</span><br />
<span class="fwn">Mustached Bat</span></h3>
<p class="i3">1902. <i>Chilonycteris mexicana</i> Miller, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci.
Philadelphia, 54:401, September 12, type from San Blas,
Nayarit.</p>
<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Distribution in Tamaulipas.</i>—Southern part of state in
areas of tropical forest.</p></div>
<p>Most individuals of this species were taken in mist nets. Northwest of
El Encino for example, bats were collected from a net placed in "a
strategic position across a narrow opening" (Schaldach, fieldnotes) in
a cave near the headwaters of the Río Sabinas; along the same river at
Rancho Pano Ayuctle some were taken in a net stretched across a little
creek (arroyo). In the cave near El Encino the collector (Schaldach)
estimated the population of <i>P. rubiginosus</i> at between two and three
hundred; at Ojo de Agua this bat was found in the deepest part of a
cave in association with <i>Myotis nigricans</i>.</p>
<p>Two June-taken females from the Sierra de Tamaulipas were lactating,
and weighed 17 and 18 grams.</p>
<p>The generic name <i>Pteronotus</i> is employed instead of <i>Chilonycteris</i>
following Burt and Stirton (1961:24-25). The specific name
<i>rubiginosus</i> is used in accordance with de la Torre (1955:696).
Tamaulipan specimens are assigned to <i>P. r. mexicana</i> because they do
not differ from specimens of that subspecies from Nayarit, except that
the coloration of Tamaulipan specimens averages slightly darker in both
color phases.</p>
<p>Specimens of this subspecies from the Sierra de Tamaulipas, previously
recorded by Anderson (1956:349), are the northernmost reported in
eastern México.</p>
<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Records of occurrence.</i>—Specimens examined, 31: Sierra de
Tamaulipas, 2 mi. S, 10 mi. W Piedra, 1200 ft., 1; Sierra de
Tamaulipas, 3 mi. S, 10 mi. W Piedra, 1400 ft., 3; Rancho
Pano Ayuctle, 25 mi. N El Mante, 3 mi. W Pan-American
Highway, 300 ft., 3; Ojo de Agua, 20 mi. N El Mante, and 3
km. W Pan-American Highway, 300 ft., 2; 10 km. N, 8 km. W El
Encino, 400 ft., 22.</p>
<p>Additional records (Goodwin, 1954:4): Aserradero del
Paraiso; El Pachón.</p></div>
<h3>Pteronotus davyi fulvus <span class="fwn">(Thomas)</span><br />
<span class="fwn">Davy's Naked-backed Bat</span></h3>
<p class="i3">1892. <i>Chilonycteris davyi fulvus</i> Thomas, Ann. Mag. Nat.
Hist., ser. 6, 10:410, November, type from Las Peñas,
Jalisco.</p>
<p class="i3">1912. <i>Pteronotus davyi fulvus</i>, Miller, Bull. U. S. Nat.
Mus., 79:33, December 31.</p>
<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Distribution in Tamaulipas.</i>—Known only from the two
localities reported in this paper.</p></div>
<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_399" id="Page_399">[Pg 399]</a></span></p>
<p>According to field-notes of Schaldach <i>et al.</i>, individuals of <i>P. d.
fulvus</i> appear when it is almost dark (about 6:30 p. m. in December and
January), ordinarily fly about 25 feet above the ground, but
occasionally are seen at heights of between 60 and 70 feet (near tops
of the largest cypress trees). Most bats flew in a straight line for 10
to 20 yards, then zig-zagged, and repeated the same movements. All
specimens examined are in the brown color phase.</p>
<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Records of occurrence.</i>—Specimens examined, 11: Rancho
Santa Rosa, 25 km. N, 13 km. W Cd. Victoria, 260 m., 10;
Rancho Pano Ayuctle, 6 mi. N Gómez Farías, 300 ft., 1.</p></div>
<h3>Choeronycteris mexicana <span class="fwn">Tschudi</span><br />
<span class="fwn">Mexican Long-tongued Bat</span></h3>
<p class="i3">1844. <i>Choeronycteris mexicana</i> Tschudi, Untersuchungen über
die fauna Peruana ..., p. 72, type from México.</p>
<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Distribution in Tamaulipas.</i>—East side of Sierra Madre in
southwestern part of state.</p></div>
<p>Specimens from La Mula were obtained in a small cave, which was
inhabited also by <i>Desmodus rotundus</i> and <i>Tadarida brasiliensis</i>. The
specimens from Miquihuana were captured in a mine by a native. Those
from four kilometers north of Joya Verde also were taken from a mine.
Females obtained in August at La Mula were lactating.</p>
<p>Specimens examined are indistinguishable from <i>C. mexicana</i> from Oaxaca
and Jalisco. Baker (1956:172) found no differences between Coahuilan
and Tamaulipan specimens. Most Tamaulipan specimens are dark grayish,
but some are brownish and some are intermediate between the two colors
mentioned. Fourteen adults weighed an average of 16.0 (12-18) grams.</p>
<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Records of occurrence.</i>—Specimens examined, 19: 4 km. N
Joya Verde, 4000 ft., 3; La Mula, 13 mi. N Jaumave, 4; Cueva
La Mula, 10 km. W Joya Verde, 2400 ft., 2; Miquihuana, 6500
ft., 10.</p></div>
<h3>Mormoops megalophylla megalophylla <span class="fwn">(Peters)</span><br />
<span class="fwn">Peters' Leaf-chinned Bat</span></h3>
<p class="i3">1864. <i>Mormops megalophylla</i> Peters, Monatsb. preuss. Akad.
Wiss., Berlin, p. 381, type from southern México.</p>
<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Distribution in Tamaulipas.</i>—Throughout state, except
possibly west of the Sierra Madre Oriental.</p></div>
<p>Specimens from the Sierra de Tamaulipas were taken in mist nets in
which <i>Pteronotus rubiginosus</i>, <i>Lasiurus borealis</i>, or <i>Centurio
senex</i> also were captured. The specimen from Rancho Santa Rosa was shot
as it flew at a height of six feet.</p>
<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_400" id="Page_400">[Pg 400]</a></span></p>
<p>Tamaulipan specimens of <i>Mormoops megalophylla</i> are here assigned to
<i>M. m. megalophylla</i> instead of to <i>M. m. senicula</i> following Villa and
Jimenez (1961:503), who regarded <i>senicula</i> as indistinguishable from
<i>megalophylla</i>.</p>
<p>Weight of four specimens from the Sierra de Tamaulipas averaged 16.2
(15-18) grams.</p>
<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Records of occurrence.</i>—Specimens examined, 5: Sierra de
Tamaulipas, 3 mi. S, 16 mi. W Piedra, 1300 ft., 2; Sierra de
Tamaulipas, 3 mi. S, 14 mi. W Piedra, 1400 ft., 1; Sierra de
Tamaulipas, 3 mi. S, 10 mi. W Piedra, 1400 ft., 1; Rancho
Santa Rosa, 25 km. N, 13 km. W Cd. Victoria, 260 m., 1.</p>
<p>Additional records: Cueva de Los Troncones, 7.5 km. NNW, 3.5
km. S Cd. Victoria (Villa and Jimenez, 1961:503); Cueva de
Quintero, 15 km. SSW Cd. Mante (<i>ibid.</i>); Tampico (Davis and
Carter, 1962:67).</p></div>
<h3>Micronycteris megalotis mexicana <span class="fwn">Miller</span><br />
<span class="fwn">Brazilian Small-eared Bat</span></h3>
<p class="i3">1898. <i>Micronycteris megalotis mexicana</i> Miller, Proc. Acad.
Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 50:329, August 2, type from
Platanar, Jalisco.</p>
<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Distribution in Tamaulipas.</i>—Known only from Rancho Pano
Ayuctle (Goodwin, 1954:4). The single specimen of this
species presently known from Tamaulipas was shot while it
was roosting in a ranch house.</p></div>
<h3>Glossophaga soricina leachii <span class="fwn">(Gray)</span><br />
<span class="fwn">Pallas' Long-tongued Bat</span></h3>
<p class="i3">1844. <i>Monophyllus leachii</i> Gray, <i>in</i> The zoology of the
voyage of H. M. S. Sulphur ..., 1 (1, Mamm.): 18, April,
type from Realego, Chinandega, Nicaragua.</p>
<p class="i3">1913. <i>Glossophaga soricina leachii</i>, Miller, Proc. U. S.
Nat. Mus., 46:419, December 31.</p>
<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Distribution in Tamaulipas.</i>—Tropical region of southern
part of state.</p></div>
<p>Specimens from the Sierra de Tamaulipas were taken in a cave along with
<i>Desmodus rotundus</i> and <i>Tadarida laticaudata</i>. Specimens from 20 miles
north of El Mante were collected from a cave about 50 yards deep.
Weights of two females from the Sierra de Tamaulipas were 9 and 12
grams. Tamaulipan specimens examined do not differ from specimens from
Nicaragua that were used in comparison.</p>
<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Records of occurrence.</i>—Specimens examined, 6: Sierra de
Tamaulipas, 3 mi. S, 16 mi. W Piedra, 1400 ft., 2; 10 km. N,
8 km. W El Encino, 400 ft., 1; Ojo de Agua, 20 mi. N El
Mante, and 3 km. W Highway, 300 ft., 2; 8 km. NE Antiguo
Morelos, 500 ft., 1.</p>
<p>Additional records: 5 mi. NE Antiguo Morelos, near El Pachón
(de la Torre, 1954:114); Altamira (Miller, 1913:420).</p></div>
<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_401" id="Page_401">[Pg 401]</a></span></p>
<h3>Leptonycteris nivalis nivalis <span class="fwn">(Saussure)</span><br />
<span class="fwn">Long-nosed Bat</span></h3>
<p class="i3">1860. <i>M. [= Ischnoglossa] nivalis</i> Saussure, Revue et Mag.
Zool., Paris, ser. 2, 12:492, November, type from near snow
line of Mt. Orizaba, Veracruz.</p>
<p class="i3">1900. <i>Leptonycteris nivalis</i>, Miller, Proc. Biol. Soc.
Washington, 13:126, April 6.</p>
<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Distribution in Tamaulipas.</i>—Probably throughout southern
part of state, but presently known only from one locality.</p></div>
<p>The specimens herein reported were taken in a cave. They provide the
first record of the species from Tamaulipas and are assigned to the
subspecies <i>nivalis</i> on the basis of their brownish color and small
size in comparison with specimens of <i>L. n. longala</i> from Coahuila (see
also description and measurements of <i>longala</i> given by Stains,
1957:356). None of the specimens suggests intergradation in color
between <i>nivalis</i> and <i>longala</i>, but some are slightly larger than
specimens of the former from Veracruz.</p>
<p>Twelve females taken on August 27, 1961, were pregnant. Each carried a
single embryo, the embryos averaging 15.7 (12-20) mm. in crown-rump
length. The average weight of the 12 females was 26.9 (24.5-30.0)
grams; 10 males weighed an average of 24.6 (21-28) grams.</p>
<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Measurements.</i>—Average and extremes of ten specimens (5
males and 5 females) are as follows: 78.2 (76-80); 0.0; 16.4
(15-17); 16.7 (16-19); length of forearm, 48.4 (45.2-54.3);
length of third finger, 100.8 (99.2-103.7); greatest length
of skull, 26.8 (25.9-27.6); zygomatic breadth (6 only), 10.9
(10.7-11.1); least interorbital constriction, 4.6 (4.5-4.9);
mastoid breadth, 10.8 (10.5-11.2); length of maxillary
tooth-row, 8.7 (8.4-9.0).</p>
<p><i>Records of occurrence.</i>—Specimens examined, 28: all from
6.5 mi. N, 13 mi. W Jimenez, 1250 ft.</p></div>
<h3>Sturnira lilium parvidens <span class="fwn">Goldman</span><br />
<span class="fwn">Yellow-shouldered Bat</span></h3>
<p class="i3">1917. <i>Sturnira lilium parvidens</i> Goldman, Proc. Biol. Soc.
Washington, 30:116, May 23, type from Papayo, about 25 mi.
NW Acapulco, Guerrero.</p>
<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Distribution in Tamaulipas.</i>—Known presently only from
Rancho Pano Ayuctle.</p></div>
<p>The two specimens from Tamaulipas were reported by de la Torre
(1954:114) and in eastern México are the northernmost yet reported of
the genus.</p><p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_402" id="Page_402">[Pg 402]</a></span></p>
<h3>Artibeus jamaicensis jamaicensis <span class="fwn">Leach</span><br />
<span class="fwn">Jamaican Fruit-eating Bat</span></h3>
<p class="i3">1821. <i>Artibeus Jamaicensis</i> Leach, Trans. Linn. Soc.
London, 13:75, type from Jamaica.</p>
<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Distribution in Tamaulipas.</i>—Tropical region of southern
part of state.</p></div>
<p>The specimens from northwest of El Encino were shot deep (250 yards) in
a cave; specimens of <i>Myotis nigricans</i> were obtained in the same cave.
A female taken on May 24 carried a single embryo that was 43 mm. in
crown-rump length. Six March-taken females reported by de la Torre
(1954:114) had one embryo each that varied from 20 to 38 mm. in length.</p>
<p><i>Artibeus jamaicensis</i> and <i>A. lituratus</i> are the largest bats known
from Tamaulipas. In addition to the differences between the two species
pointed out by Lukens and Davis (1957:9), I note, in Tamaulipas at
least, that the postorbital constriction is narrower in relation to the
condylobasal length in <i>lituratus</i>, 24.6 (23.7-26.0) per cent as
compared to 27.9 (26.7-29.9) per cent in <i>jamaicensis</i>.</p>
<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Records of occurrence.</i>—Specimens examined, 19: 10 km. N,
8 km. W El Encino, 400 ft., 10; Aserradero del Paraiso, 19
km. N Chamal (by road), 8 (AMNH); Cueva El Pachón, 5 mi. N
Antiguo Morelos, 1 (AMNH).</p>
<p>Additional records: Rancho Pano Ayuctle (de la Torre,
1954:114); 4 mi. N Antiguo Morelos, near El Pachón
(<i>ibid.</i>).</p></div>
<h3>Artibeus lituratus palmarum <span class="fwn">J. A. Allen and Chapman</span><br />
<span class="fwn">Big Fruit-eating Bat</span></h3>
<p class="i3">1897. <i>Artibeus palmarum</i> J. A. Allen and Chapman, Bull.
Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 9:16, February 26, type from
Botanical Gardens at Port of Spain, Trinidad.</p>
<p class="i3">1949. <i>A[rtibeus]. l[ituratus]. palmarum</i>, Hershkovitz,
Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 99:447, May 10.</p>
<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Distribution in Tamaulipas.</i>—Tropical region in southern
part of state.</p></div>
<p>Two specimens from the Río Sabinas were taken in a mist net placed
across the small, crevicelike entrance to a cave. Ten pregnant females
taken in late May each contained a single embryo; average crown-rump
length of the 10 embryos was 43 (35-55) mm.</p>
<p>Tamaulipan specimens of <i>lituratus</i> do not differ appreciably in color
from topotypes except that the facial stripes are narrow and, in three
individuals, poorly marked. Lukens and Davis (1957:9) reported that
females from Guerrero were paler than the males, but the male examined
in this study does not differ in color from the females seen.</p>
<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Records of occurrence.</i>—Specimens examined, 15: Rancho
Pano Ayuctle, 6 mi. N Gómez Farías, 300 ft., 13; cave at
headwaters of Río Sabinas, 10 km. N, 8 km. W El Encino, 400
ft., 2.</p></div><p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_403" id="Page_403">[Pg 403]</a></span></p>
<h3>Artibeus toltecus <span class="fwn">(Saussure)</span><br />
<span class="fwn">Toltec Fruit-eating Bat</span></h3>
<p class="i3">1860. <i>Stenoderma toltecus</i> Saussure, Revue et Mag. Zool.,
Paris, ser. 2, 12:427, October, type from México. Type
locality restricted to Mirador, Veracruz, by Hershkovitz,
Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 99:449, May 10, 1949.</p>
<p class="i3">1908. <i>Artibeus toltecus</i>, Andersen, Proc. Zool. Soc.
London, p. 296, April 7.</p>
<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Distribution in Tamaulipas.</i>—Probably lowlands of southern
part of state; known presently only from Rancho Pano
Ayuctle.</p></div>
<p><i>Artibeus toltecus</i> is closely related to another species, <i>A.
aztecus</i>, that occurs also in Tamaulipas. Externally, <i>toltecus</i>
differs from <i>aztecus</i> in being smaller and darker; cranially,
<i>toltecus</i> also is the smaller and the P2 and M2 are more angular
lingually than in <i>aztecus</i>, in which the teeth are rounded. One of the
most important differences between these two species is that they occur
at different altitudes. Davis (1958:165) reported that <i>toltecus</i>
occurred at elevations below 5000 feet at more southerly localities in
México, whereas <i>aztecus</i> occurred above 5000 feet. In Tamaulipas the
two species probably have parallel distributions from south to north
but <i>A. toltecus</i> is known from Rancho Pano Ayuctle at an elevation of
300 feet in rain forest, whereas <i>A. aztecus</i> is known from Rancho del
Cielo at an elevation of 3300 feet in cloud forest. The two localities
are only four miles apart.</p>
<p>One of the specimens examined (GMS 10640) is smaller, cranially and
externally (see beyond), than any recorded by Davis (1958:165).</p>
<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Measurements.</i>—Some external and cranial measurements of
two females and a male (GMS 10668, 10646 and 10640) are,
respectively, as follows: length of hind foot, 12.5, 12.0,
11.0; length of ear from notch, 15, 17, 15; length of
forearm, 40.5, 40.0, 36.5; greatest length of skull, 20.9,
20.7, 19.7; zygomatic breadth, 12.3, 12.3, 11.7; least
interorbital constriction, 5.2, 5.0, 5.0; length of
maxillary tooth-row, 6.8, 6.8, 6.5; breadth of braincase,
9.3, 9.2, 9.1.</p>
<p><i>Records of occurrence.</i>—Specimens examined, 3 from Río
Sabinas, near Gómez Farías (Rancho Pano Ayuctle) (GMS).</p></div>
<h3>Artibeus aztecus <span class="fwn">Andersen</span><br />
<span class="fwn">Aztec Fruit-eating Bat</span></h3>
<p class="i3">1906. <i>Artibeus aztecus</i> Andersen, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist.,
ser. 7, 18:422, December, type from Tetela del Volcán,
Morelos.</p>
<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Distribution in Tamaulipas.</i>—Probably higher areas of
southern part of state; known presently only from Rancho del
Cielo.</p></div>
<p>I follow Davis (1958:165) in treating <i>A. aztecus</i> and <i>A. toltecus</i> as
distinct species. Differences between the two are discussed in the
preceding account of <i>toltecus</i>.</p>
<p>One specimen examined (AMNH 146980) is distinctly larger than<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_404" id="Page_404">[Pg 404]</a></span> the
others here assigned to <i>A. aztecus</i>, but does not exceed the maximal
measurements given by Davis (<i>loc. cit.</i>) for the species. This
specimen also has a narrower M2, and relatively and actually narrower
braincase than other specimens (see measurements).</p>
<p>Specimens from Rancho del Cielo were collected in a limestone cave in
the cloud forest. A female taken on July 2 carried a small embryo and
another obtained on August 14 had an embryo that appeared to be nearly
ready for birth.</p>
<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Measurements.</i>—Respective external and cranial
measurements of three males (AMNH, uncatalogued) and a
female (AMNH 146980) are as follows: total length, 58, 65,
66, 73; length of hind foot, 13, 12, 12, 13; length of
forearm, —, 43, 40, 41; greatest length of skull, 21.6,
22.4, 21.5, 23.0; zygomatic breadth, 13.0, 12.8, 13.0, 12.4;
least interorbital constriction, 5.2, 5.7, 5.5, 6.0; length
of maxillary tooth-row, 7.0, 7.1, 6.9, 7.1; breadth of
braincase, 10.0, 9.8, 10.0, 9.5.</p>
<p><i>Records of occurrence.</i>—Specimens examined, 7, all from
Rancho del Cielo, 3300 ft., (AMNH).</p></div>
<h3>Enchistenes hartii <span class="fwn">(Thomas)</span><br />
<span class="fwn">Little Fruit-eating Bat</span></h3>
<p class="i3">1892. <i>Artibeus hartii</i> Thomas, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser.
6, 10:409, November, type from Trinidad, Lesser Antilles.</p>
<p class="i3">1908. <i>Enchistenes hartii</i>, Andersen, Proc. Zool. Soc.
London, 2:224, September 7.</p>
<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Distribution in Tamaulipas.</i>—Known only from Aserradero
del Infernillo.</p></div>
<p><i>Enchistenes hartii</i> is known from Tamaulipas only by the cranium
reported by Goodwin (1954:5), and this is the northernmost known
occurrence. The bat has not been reported from any other Mexican state
bordering on the Gulf of Mexico.</p>
<h3>Centurio senex <span class="fwn">Gray</span><br />
<span class="fwn">Wrinkle-faced Bat</span></h3>
<p class="i3">1842. <i>Centurio senex</i> Gray, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 10,
10:259, December, type locality erroneously given as
Amboyna, East Indies; subsequently restricted to Realejo,
Chinandega, Nicaragua, by Goodwin (Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat.
Hist., 87:327, December 31, 1946).</p>
<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Distribution in Tamaulipas.</i>—Tropical areas of southern
part of state.</p></div>
<p>The single specimen examined, a female weighing 23 grams that carried
an embryo (17 mm. crown-rump length), was taken on June 14 in a mist
net stretched between oak trees in the Sierra de Tamaulipas. One other
female and one cranium have been reported from Tamaulipas.</p>
<p>The specimen examined differs from two seen from southern México (5 mi.
SW Teapa, Tabasco, and 2 mi. S Tollosa, Oaxaca) in being brownish
instead of grayish, but resembles in color two specimens from Cozumel
Island, Quintana Roo.</p><p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_405" id="Page_405">[Pg 405]</a></span></p>
<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Measurements.</i>—A female from the Sierra de Tamaulipas
affords the following measurements: Total length, 67; length
of hind foot, 13; length of ear from notch, 15; length of
forearm, 43.1; condylobasal length, 15.0; zygomatic breadth,
5.1; palatal length, 4.1; least interorbital constriction,
5.3; length of maxillary tooth-row, 5.1.</p>
<p><i>Records of occurrence.</i>—Specimen examined, one from the
Sierra de Tamaulipas, 3 mi. S, 14 mi. W Piedra, 1300 ft.</p>
<p>Additional records: Rancho Pano Ayuctle (de la Torre,
1954:114); Aserradero del Infernillo (Goodwin, 1954:5).</p></div>
<h3>Desmodus rotundus murinus <span class="fwn">Wagner</span><br />
<span class="fwn">Vampire</span></h3>
<p class="i3">1840. <i>D[esmodus]. murinus</i> Wagner, <i>in</i> Schreber, Die
Säugthiere ..., Suppl., 1:337, type from México.</p>
<p class="i3">1912. <i>Desmodus rotundus murinus</i>, Osgood, Field Mus. Nat.
Hist., Publ. 155, Zool. Ser., 10:63, January.</p>
<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Distribution in Tamaulipas.</i>—Southern part of state, north
at least to vicinity of Jiménez.</p></div>
<p>Hall and Kelson (1959:151) listed a place 12 kilometers west and 8
kilometers north of Ciudad Victoria as the northernmost locality of
record for <i>Desmodus</i>, but three specimens from Cueva La Esperanza, 6
kilometers southwest of Rancho Santa Rosa, are from a site slightly to
the northwestward (12 mi.) of the locality first mentioned and a
specimen from 13 miles west and six and a half miles north of Jiménez
represents the northeasternmost known occurrence of <i>Desmodus</i> in
eastern México.</p>
<p>Most of the vampires examined in this study were taken in caves; those
from four miles southwest of Padilla were obtained from a hollow tree.
Nine specimens were collected in a small cave 70 kilometers south of
Ciudad Victoria on January 18, when water on the floor of the cave was
frozen; the bats were congregated on the ceiling at a height of 20
feet. In a cave in the Sierra de Tamaulipas, 16 miles west and three
miles south of Piedra, females and young were found some 50 yards from
the entrance; <i>Natalus stramineus</i> and <i>Glossophaga soricina</i> were
obtained from the same cave. In another cave only half a kilometer
distant, 12 males were collected. In Cueva La Mula, <i>Desmodus</i> was
found near the mouth, whereas <i>Choeronycteris mexicana</i> and two
<i>Tadarida brasiliensis</i> were collected in the deepest part. At Cueva La
Esperanza, 300 feet deep and on the east side of the Sierra Madre
Oriental, four different congregations of vampires were found along
with about 400 <i>Natalus</i>. A male <i>Desmodus</i> obtained in a cave 13 miles
west and six and a half miles north of Jiménez also was associated with
<i>Natalus</i>.</p>
<p>Females with embryos or in lactation were collected as follows:<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_406" id="Page_406">[Pg 406]</a></span> Rancho
Pano Ayuctle, March 10, one pregnant female (embryo 40 mm. in
crown-rump length); Río Sabinas, May 23, two pregnant females (embryos
36 and 43 mm.); Sierra de Tamaulipas, June 13, five lactating females
and one female taken alive that gave birth on June 16 to one young;
Cueva La Mula, August, nine lactating females. A male from the Sierra
Madre that was obtained on January 5 had testes 8 mm. long.</p>
<div class="blockquot"><p>The average weight of 21 adults from four miles southwest of
Padilla was 39.1 (32.0-44.5) grams.</p>
<p><i>Records of occurrence.</i>—Specimens examined, 107: 3 mi. W,
6.5 mi. N Jiménez, 1250 ft., 1; Río Soto la Marina, 4 mi. SW
Padilla, 800 ft., 23; Cueva La Esperanza, 6 km. SW Rancho
Santa Rosa, 360 m., 3; Cueva Los Troncones, 8 km. N, 12 km.
W Cd. Victoria, Sierra Madre Oriental, 2500 ft., 2; Cd.
Victoria, 1; Sierra Madre Oriental, 1900 ft., 5 mi. S, 3 mi.
W Cd. Victoria, 3; La Mula, 13 mi. N Jaumave, 19; Cueva La
Mula, 10 km. W Joya Verde, 2400 ft., 16; Joya Verde, 35 km.
SW [Cd.] Victoria, 3800 ft., 6; Sierra de Tamaulipas, 1400
ft., 3 mi. S, 16 mi. W Piedra, 10; 70 km. S Cd. Victoria
(<i>via</i> Highway), 6 km. W of Highway, 5; Rancho Pano Ayuctle,
6 mi. N Gómez Farías, 300 ft., 7; cave near headwaters Río
Sabinas, 10 km. N, 8 km. W El Encino, 400 ft., 11.</p>
<p>Additional records (Malaga and Villa, 1957:539): Cueva La
Sepultura, 7.5 km. NNW and hence 7 km. SSW (<i>via</i> highway)
Cd. Victoria; El Ojo de Agua, at km. 10 on Valles-Tampico
highway; Cueva del Abra, 2 km. SSW Cd. Mante.</p></div>
<h3>Diphylla ecaudata <span class="fwn">Spix</span><br />
<span class="fwn">Hairy-legged Vampire</span></h3>
<p class="i3">1823. <i>Diphylla ecaudata</i> Spix, Simiarum et vespertilionum
Brasiliensium ..., p. 68, type locality, Brazil, restricted
to Rio San Francisco, Baía, by Cabrera (Rev. Mus. Argentino
Cien. Nat., 4:94, March 27, 1958).</p>
<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Distribution in Tamaulipas.</i>—Southern and central parts of
state.</p></div>
<p>The hairy-legged vampire was first reported from Tamaulipas by de la
Torre (1954:114), who recorded a male from five miles northeast of
Antiguo Morelos, near El Pachón. Later in the same year Martin and
Martin (1954:585) listed another male from El Pachón. Subsequently,
Malaga and Villa (1957:543) reported specimens from two additional
localities in the state, one of which (Cueva de la Sepultura) provides
the northernmost place from which the species has been recorded. Malaga
and Villa remarked that the species was abundant at Cueva de la
Sepultura, being found in small groups clinging to the roof of the
cave. Two females taken there on November 11 carried one embryo each; a
lactating female was taken on November 14. The vampire, <i>Desmodus
rotundus</i>, also was taken at Cueva de la Sepultura.</p>
<p>I follow Burt and Stirton (1961:37) in treating <i>Diphylla ecaudata</i> as
a monotypic species.</p>
<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Records</i>: Cueva de la Sepultura, 7.5 km. NNW and hence 7
km. SSW (<i>via</i> highway) Cd. Victoria (Malaga and Villa,
1957:543); 5 mi. NE Antiguo<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_407" id="Page_407">[Pg 407]</a></span> Morelos, near El Pachón (de la
Torre, 1954:114); El Pachón (Martin and Martin, 1954:585);
Cueva de Quintero, 4 km. SSW Quintero (Malaga and Villa,
1957:543).</p></div>
<h3>Natalus stramineus saturatus <span class="fwn">Dalquest and Hall</span><br />
<span class="fwn">Mexican Funnel-eared Bat</span></h3>
<p class="i3">1949. <i>Natalus mexicanas saturatus</i> Dalquest and Hall, Proc.
Biol. Soc. Washington, 62:153, August 23, type from 3 km. E
San Andrés Tuxtla, 1000 ft., Veracruz.</p>
<p class="i3">1959. <i>Natalus stramineus saturatus</i>, Goodwin, Amer. Mus.
Novit., 1977:7, December 22.</p>
<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Distribution in Tamaulipas.</i>—Central and southwestern
parts of state.</p></div>
<p>All specimens examined were obtained from caves. At Cueva la Esperanza,
approximately 400 individuals were found along with individuals of
<i>Desmodus rotundus</i>; <i>Natalus</i> and <i>Desmodus</i> also were collected
together in a cave approximately 30 yards deep three miles south and 14
miles west of Piedra, and in a cave six and a half miles north and 13
miles west of Jiménez, the northernmost locality from which <i>N.
stramineus</i> is presently known.</p>
<p>Tamaulipan specimens do not differ significantly in external or cranial
measurements in comparison with the specimens from Veracruz reported by
Dalquest and Hall (1949:154), but do differ in color. Most are in the
gray phase and are Avellaneus (grayish with yellowish hairs mixed)
instead of Clay Color as are specimens from Veracruz; those few in the
red phase are between Clay Color and Tawny-Olive instead of between
Burnt Sienna and Chestnut. By consequence, bats from Tamaulipas
resemble in color the smaller <i>N. s. mexicanus</i> of western México to a
greater degree than they resemble <i>N. s. saturatus</i>, but I follow
Goodwin (1959:7).</p>
<p>Dalquest and Hall (1949:154) reported the specimen from eight
kilometers northeast of Antiguo Morelos as from San Luis Potosí, from
which state the collector (Dalquest) evidently thought it had
originated. Actually the place eight kilometers northeast of Antiguo
Morelos is in Tamaulipas.</p>
<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Records of occurrence.</i>—Specimens examined, 64: 6.5 mi. N,
13 mi. W Jiménez, 1250 ft., 14; Cueva de la Esperanza, 6 km.
SW Rancho Santa Rosa, 360 m., 20; Sierra de Tamaulipas, 3
mi. S, 16 mi. W Piedra, 1400 ft., 7; 3 mi. S, 14 mi. W
Piedra, 2; Ejido Ojo de Agua, 20 mi. N, 3 km. W El Mante,
300 ft., 20; 8 km. NE Antiguo Morelos, 500 ft., 1.</p>
<p>Additional records (Goodwin, 1959:8): Antiguo Morelos; El
Pachón.</p></div>
<h3>Myotis velifer incautus <span class="fwn">(J. A. Allen)</span><br />
<span class="fwn">Cave Myotis</span></h3>
<p class="i3">1896. <i>Vespertilio incautus</i> J. A. Allen, Bull. Amer. Mus.
Nat. Hist., 8:239, November 21, type from San Antonio, Bexar
Co., Texas.</p>
<p class="i3">1928. <i>Myotis velifer incautus</i>, Miller and Allen, Bull. U.
S. Nat. Mus., 144:92, May 25.</p>
<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_408" id="Page_408">[Pg 408]</a></span></p>
<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Distribution in Tamaulipas.</i>—Probably most of northern
part of state; presently known only from three localities.</p></div>
<p>The two specimens examined from the Sierra de Tamaulipas were taken in
a mist net in which <i>Eptesicus fuscus</i>, <i>Myotis keenii</i>, and <i>Tadarida
brasiliensis</i> also were captured. Both are females, one of which was
lactating (June 20). Specimens from San Fernando probably were taken in
houses by natives, who brought the bats to the collectors (Clifton and
Bodley). The maxillary tooth-row and tibia are shorter, breadth across
M3 narrower, and ear slightly longer in Tamaulipan specimens than in
those for which measurements were given by Miller and Allen (1928:95),
but the Tamaulipan specimens do not differ otherwise. The color in
general is slightly more brownish than in Texan <i>incautus</i>, but about
as in Oklahoman specimens examined. Three from San Fernando,
Tamaulipas, are darker than others from that state.</p>
<p>The average weight of 12 non-pregnant females from San Fernando was
11.0 (9.5-13) grams. The only male obtained at the same locality
weighed 12 grams.</p>
<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Measurements.</i>—Six females from San Fernando afford the
following measurements: 100.0 (95-107); 42.5 (38-46); 10.3
(10-11); 15.3 (14.5-16); length of tibia, 17.4 (16.5-18.9);
length of forearm, 44.8 (43.4-45.7); greatest length of
skull, 16.5 (16.1-16.9); condylobasal length, 15.6
(15.3-15.8); least interorbital constriction, 4.0 (3.9-4.1);
mastoid breadth, 8.3 (8.1-8.6); length of maxillary
tooth-row, 6.5 (6.3-6.7); breadth across M3, 6.5 (6.0-6.9).</p>
<p><i>Records of occurrence.</i>—Specimens examined, 15: San
Fernando, 180 ft., 13; Sierra de Tamaulipas, 10 mi. W, 2 mi.
S Piedra, 1200 ft., 2.</p>
<p>Additional record: Soto la Marina (Miller and Allen,
1928:93).</p></div>
<h3>Myotis keenii auriculus <span class="fwn">Baker and Stains</span><br />
<span class="fwn">Keen's Myotis</span></h3>
<p class="i3">1955. <i>Myotis evotis auriculus</i> Baker and Stains, Univ.
Kansas Publ., Mus. Nat. Hist., 9:83, December 10, type from
10 m. W, 2 mi. S Piedra, 1200 ft., Sierra de Tamaulipas,
Tamaulipas.</p>
<p class="i3">1960. <i>Myotis keenii auriculus</i>, Findley, Jour. Mamm.,
41:18, February.</p>
<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Distribution in Tamaulipas.</i>—Known only from type locality
(2 specimens), but probably widely distributed in western
part of state.</p></div>
<p>The two specimens known from Tamaulipas were caught in a mist net
stretched across a narrow, brush-bordered arroyo in the Sierra de
Tamaulipas. I tentatively follow Findley (1960) in arranging
<i>auriculus</i> as a subspecies of <i>M. keenii</i>.</p>
<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Records of occurrence.</i>—Specimens examined, the holotype
and one topotype.</p></div>
<h3>Myotis californicus mexicanus <span class="fwn">(Saussure)</span><br />
<span class="fwn">California Myotis</span></h3>
<p class="i3">1890. <i>V[espertilio]. mexicanus</i> Saussure, Revue et Mag.
Zool., Paris, ser. 2, 12:282, July, type from an unknown
locality, but Dalquest (Louisiana State Univ. Studies, Biol.
Ser., 1:49, December 28, 1953) restricted<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_409" id="Page_409">[Pg 409]</a></span> the type locality
to the "desert (warmer part) of the state of México,
México."</p>
<p class="i3">1897. <i>Myotis californicus mexicanus</i>, Miller, N. Amer.
Fauna, 13:73, October 16.</p>
<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Distribution in Tamaulipas.</i>—Western mountains of state in
pine-oak forest.</p></div>
<p>Only ten specimens of this species, five from Nicolás, two from
Miquihuana and the other three, each from a different locality, have
been reported from Tamaulipas. The specimen examined from 14 miles
north and six miles west of Palmillas, a young female that still has
deciduous incisors, was obtained on July 24. Of the five specimens from
Nicolás, which represent the largest series of <i>M. californicus</i> ever
reported from eastern México, some were caught in mist nets and others
were shot over a water-hole.</p>
<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Measurements.</i>—Five skins and four skulls from Nicolás
afford the following measurements: 86.0 (80-94); 39.0
(36-41); 7.4 (7-8.5); 13.7 (13.5-14.0); length of forearm,
33.0 (31.8-34.2); weight, 3.6 (3-4) grams; greatest length
of skull, 13.9 (13.8-14.1); least interorbital constriction,
3.2 (3.1-3.3); breadth of braincase, 6.5 (6.4-6.5); length
of maxillary tooth-row, 5.2 (5.1-5.3); breadth across M3,
5.1 (5.0-5.3).</p>
<p><i>Records of occurrence.</i>—Specimens examined, 6: Nicolás, 56
km. NW Tula, 5500 ft., 5; 14 mi. N, 6 mi. W Palmillas, 5500
ft., 1.</p>
<p>Additional records: San José (Dice, 1937:249); Miquihuana
(Miller and Allen, 1928:160); La Joya de Salas (Goodwin,
1954:5).</p></div>
<h3>Myotis nigricans dalquesti <span class="fwn">Hall and Alvarez</span><br />
<span class="fwn">Black Myotis</span></h3>
<p class="i3">1961. <i>Myotis nigricans dalquesti</i> Hall and Alvarez, Univ.
Kansas Publ., Mus. Nat. Hist., 14:71, December 29, type from
3 km. E of San Andrés Tuxtla, 1000 ft., Veracruz.</p>
<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Distribution in Tamaulipas.</i>—Tropical part of state,
presently known only from two localities.</p></div>
<p>For taxonomic remarks concerning this bat see Hall and Alvarez
(1961:72).</p>
<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Records of occurrence.</i>—Specimens examined, 5, from 8 km.
W, 10 km. N El Encino, 400 ft.</p>
<p>Additional record: Cave in canyon of Río Boquillas, 8 km. SW
Chamal (Goodwin, 1954:6).</p></div>
<h3>Pipistrellus subflavus subflavus <span class="fwn">(F. Cuvier)</span><br />
<span class="fwn">Eastern Pipistrelle</span></h3>
<p class="i3">1832. <i>V[espertilio]. subflavus</i> F. Cuvier, Nouv. Ann. Mus.
Hist. Nat. Paris, 1:17, type locality restricted to 3 mi. SW
Riceboro, Liberty Co., Georgia, by W. H. Davis, Jour. Mamm.,
40:522, November 20, 1959.</p>
<p class="i3">1897. <i>Pipistrellus subflavus</i>, Miller, N. Amer. Fauna,
13:90, October 16.</p>
<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Distribution in Tamaulipas.</i>—Presently known only from
three localities, but probably occurs in most of eastern
part of state.</p></div>
<p>Specimens examined are intermediate in color and measurements between
<i>Pipistrellus subflavus subflavus</i> and <i>P. s. veraecrucis</i>, but<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_410" id="Page_410">[Pg 410]</a></span> the
color resembles that of individuals of <i>subflavus</i> from Kansas more
than that of specimens of <i>veraecrucis</i> from Las Vigas, Veracruz.</p>
<p>The two males from eight kilometers west and 10 kilometers north of El
Encino represent the southernmost record of the subspecies.</p>
<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Measurements.</i>—External measurements of two males (58849,
58848) from 8 km. west and 10 km. north of El Encino and a
male (60296) from Rancho Pano Ayuctle are, respectively, as
follows: 78, 81, 83; 36, 38, 36; 10, 10, 9; 11, 11, 11;
length of forearm, 33.1, 32.0, —; length of tibia, 14.6,
13.4, 13.0. Some cranial measurements of the two specimens
from northwest of El Encino are: greatest length of skull,
12.8, 12.9; breadth of braincase, 6.5, 6.5; length of
maxillary tooth-row, 4.0, 4.1.</p>
<p><i>Records of occurrence.</i>—Specimens examined, 3: 8 km. W, 10
km. N El Encino, 400 ft., 2; Rancho Pano Ayuctle, 6 mi. N
Gómez Farías, 300 ft., 1.</p>
<p>Additional record: Matamoros (H. Allen, 1894:128).</p></div>
<h3>Pipistrellus hesperus potosinus <span class="fwn">Dalquest</span><br />
<span class="fwn">Western Pipistrelle</span></h3>
<p class="i3">1951. <i>Pipistrellus hesperus potosinus</i> Dalquest, Proc.
Biol. Soc. Washington, 64:105, August 24, type from Presa de
Guadalupe, San Luis Potosí.</p>
<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Distribution in Tamaulipas.</i>—Probably occurs throughout
southwest part, but presently known only from Joya Verde.</p></div>
<p>The specimens reported herein were shot in July in a canyon that
contained some standing water. According to the field notes of the
collector (Schaldach), individuals of this bat in Tamaulipas flew
later, in his experience, than bats of the same species in Sonora,
Arizona and Coahuila, not emerging until it was almost fully dark.</p>
<p><i>Pipistrellus hesperus</i> from Tamaulipas is identified as <i>P. h.
potosinus</i> owing to the dark color, but the averages of some
measurements differ slightly from those given by Dalquest (1951:106)
for <i>potosinus</i> as follows: tail and ear shorter; foot larger;
condylobasal length and cranial breadth less.</p>
<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Measurements.</i>—Average and extreme external and cranial
measurements of five males from Joya Verde are: 73.2
(70-75); 27 (26-28); 7 (7); 12.4 (12-13); length of forearm,
31.0 (29.5-31.5); greatest length of skull, 12.4
(12.2-12.8); condylobasal length, 11.8 (11.4-12.3); breadth
of braincase, 6.3 (6.0-6.5). Corresponding measurements of
three females (60204, 60209, 60210) from the same locality
are: 72, 78, 76; 27, 33, 35; 7, 7, 7; 12, 12, 12; 31, 31,
32; 12.3, 12.9, 13.5; 11.7, 12.2, —; 6.0, 6.6, 6.1.</p>
<p><i>Records of occurrence.</i>—Specimens examined, 8, from Joya
Verde, 35 km. SW Cd. Victoria, 3800 ft.</p></div>
<h3><b>Eptesicus fuscus miradorensis</b> <span class="fwn">(H. Allen)</span><br />
<span class="fwn">Big Brown Bat</span></h3>
<p class="i3">1866. <i>S[cotophilus]. miradorensis</i> H. Allen, Proc. Acad.
Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 18:287, type from Mirador, Veracruz.</p>
<p class="i3">1812. <i>Eptesicus fuscus miradorensis</i>, Miller, Bull. U. S.
Nat. Mus., 79:62, December 31.</p>
<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Distribution in Tamaulipas.</i>—Southern part of state, north
at least to Miquihuana.</p></div><p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_411" id="Page_411">[Pg 411]</a></span></p>
<p>Specimens from Miquihuana, Palmillas, and Nicolás were shot in flight
at dusk; those from the Sierra de Tamaulipas were collected in a mist
net. Five females, all taken in June, were lactating.</p>
<p>Judging from Hall and Kelson's (1959:185) distribution map for the
species, two subspecies, <i>E. f. fuscus</i> and <i>E. f. miradorensis</i>,
possibly occur in Tamaulipas, the former in the north and the latter in
the south. Comparison of specimens presently available from the state
(all from the southern part) with typical individuals of the two
subspecies mentioned reveal that they resemble <i>miradorensis</i> to a
greater degree than <i>fuscus</i> and they accordingly are assigned to the
former. In measurements, the Tamaulipan specimens agree closely with
<i>miradorensis</i>; in color, some resemble <i>miradorensis</i> but others
approach <i>fuscus</i>, possibly indicating intergradation between the two
subspecies in the material at hand. Probably <i>E. f. fuscus</i> will be
found in the northern part of the state.</p>
<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Measurements.</i>—Average and extreme measurements of nine
females from the Sierra de Tamaulipas and three males, two
from Miquihuana (55137, 55138) and one from Palmillas
(55139), are respectively: 121.3 (111-127), 115, 107, 115;
51.9 (50-56), 50, 45, 52; 10.9 (9.5-11.0), 10, 10, 11; 17.8
(17-18), 18, 18, 18; length of forearm, 49.6 (48-52.6),
48.9, 49.1, 49.1; length of tibia, 18.8 (18.2-19.3), 20.5,
17.3, 18.0; condylobasal length, 18.9 (18.5-19.3), 19.3, —,
18.8; zygomatic breadth, 13.1 (12.7-13.5), —, 13.0, 13.3;
interorbital constriction, 4.2 (3.7-4.4), 4.0, 4.3, 4.1;
length of maxillary tooth-row, 7.3 (7.1-7.5), —, 7.2, 7.2.
Five lactating females weighed 20 (17-23) grams, and three
males 17.5 (17-8) grams.</p>
<p><i>Records of occurrence.</i>—Specimens examined, 17:
Miquihuana, 6200 ft., 2; 14 mi. N, 6 mi. W Palmillas, 5500
ft., 1; Nicolás, 56 km. NW Tula, 5500 ft., 1; Sierra de
Tamaulipas, 2 mi. S, 10 mi. W Piedra, 1200 ft., 12; Joya
Verde, 35 km. SW [Cd.] Victoria, 3800 ft., 1.</p>
<p>Additional record: Aserradero del Paraiso (Goodwin,
1954:186).</p></div>
<h3>Lasiurus borealis<br />
<span class="fwn">Red Bat</span></h3>
<p>Two subspecies of <i>Lasiurus borealis</i> have been reported from
Tamaulipas. One, <i>L. b. borealis</i>, is known only from Matamoros,
whereas the other, <i>L. b. teliotis</i>, is widely distributed in the
central and southern parts.</p>
<p>A young animal from Ciudad Victoria was captured inside a house. All
specimens taken in the Sierra de Tamaulipas were caught in mist nets,
in which <i>Centurio senex</i>, <i>Pteronotus parnelli</i>, and <i>Mormoops
megalophyla</i> also were taken.</p>
<h3>Lasiurus borealis borealis <span class="fwn">(Müller)</span></h3>
<p class="i3">1776. <i>Vespertilio borealis</i> Müller, Des Ritters Carl von
Linné ... vollständiges Natursystem ..., Suppl., p. 20, type
from New York.</p>
<p class="i3">1897. <i>Lasiurus borealis</i>, Miller, N. Amer. Fauna, 13:105,
October 16.</p></div>
<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Distribution in Tamaulipas.</i>—Known only by two specimens
from Matamoros (Miller, 1897:108).</p></div><p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_412" id="Page_412">[Pg 412]</a></span></p>
<h3>Lasiurus borealis teliotis <span class="fwn">(H. Allen)</span></h3>
<p class="i3">1891. <i>Atalapha teliotis</i> H. Allen, Proc. Amer. Philos.
Soc., 29:5, April 10, type from an unknown locality,
probably some part of California.</p>
<p class="i3">1897. <i>Lasiurus borealis teliotis</i>, Miller, N. Amer. Fauna,
13:110, October 16.</p>
<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Distribution in Tamaulipas.</i>—Generally distributed in
higher parts of state.</p></div>
<p>Eight June-taken females, all lactating, from the Sierra de Tamaulipas
averaged 10.0 (8-12) grams; five males from there weighed 9.2 (8-10)
grams. According to Hall and Kelson (1959:188), males of this species
usually are more brightly colored than females but this phenomenon is
not evident in the Tamaulipan specimens. Males do, however, average
slightly smaller than females.</p>
<p>The name <i>Lasiurus borealis teliotis</i> is employed following Handley
(1960:472); formerly <i>L. b. ornatus</i> Hall was applied (Hall and Kelson,
1959:190) to bats here referred to as <i>teliotis</i>.</p>
<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Records of occurrence.</i>—Specimens examined, 7: Cd.
Victoria, 1800 ft., 1; Sierra de Tamaulipas, 2 mi. S, 10 mi.
W Piedra, 1200 ft., 1; Sierra de Tamaulipas, 3 mi. S, 14 mi.
W Piedra, 1200 ft., 1; Sierra de Tamaulipas, 3 mi. S, 16 mi.
W Piedra, 1400 ft., 4.</p></div>
<h3>Lasiurus cinereus cinereus <span class="fwn">(Palisot de Beauvois)</span><br />
<span class="fwn">Hoary Bat</span></h3>
<p class="i3">1776. <i>Vespertilio cinereus</i> (misspelled <i>linereus</i>) Palisot
de Beauvois, Catalogue raisonné du muséum de Mr. C. W.
Peale, Philadelphia, p. 18, type from Philadelphia,
Pennsylvania.</p>
<p class="i3">1864. <i>Lasiurus cinereus</i> H. Allen, Smiths. Misc. Coll., 7
(publ. 165): 21, June.</p>
<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Distribution in Tamaulipas.</i>—Probably state-wide but so
far reported only from Matamoros (Miller, 1897:114), and
Aserradero del Infernillo (Goodwin, 1954:6—cranium only).</p></div>
<h3>Lasiurus intermedius intermedius <span class="fwn">H. Allen</span><br />
<span class="fwn">Northern Yellow Bat</span></h3>
<p class="i3">1862. <i>Lasiurus intermedius</i> H. Allen, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci.
Philadelphia, 14:246, "April" (between May 27 and August 1),
type from Matamoros, Tamaulipas.</p>
<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Distribution in Tamaulipas.</i>—Eastern half of state, known
only from three localities.</p></div>
<p>The three specimens examined were taken in mist nets along with
<i>Lasiurus ega</i>, <i>Pteronotus rubiginosus</i> and <i>Mormoops megalophylla</i>.</p>
<p>The generic name <i>Lasiurus</i> is used instead of <i>Dasypterus</i> following
Hall and Jones (1961).</p>
<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Records of occurrence.</i>—Specimens examined, 3: Sierra de
Tamaulipas, 2 mi. S, 10 mi. W Piedra, 1200 ft., 1; Sierra de
Tamaulipas, 3 mi. S, 16 mi. W Piedra, 1400 ft., 2.</p>
<p>Additional record: Matamoros (H. Allen, 1862:246).</p></div><p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_413" id="Page_413">[Pg 413]</a></span></p>
<h3>Lasiurus ega xanthinus <span class="fwn">(Thomas)</span><br />
<span class="fwn">Southern Yellow Bat</span></h3>
<p class="i3">1897. <i>Dasypterus ega xanthinus</i> Thomas, Ann. Mag. Nat.
Hist., ser. 6, 20:544, December, type from Sierra Laguna,
Baja California.</p>
<p class="i3">1953. <i>Lasiurus ega xanthinus</i>, Dalquest, Louisiana State
Univ. Studies, Biol. Ser., 1:61, December 28.</p>
<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Distribution in Tamaulipas.</i>—Probably occurs in southern
and western parts of state; certainly known only from the
Sierra de Tamaulipas.</p></div>
<p>Three June-taken females, all captured in mist nets, were lactating.</p>
<p>Hall and Jones (1961:91) assigned all Mexican specimens of the southern
yellow bat to <i>Lasiurus ega xanthinus</i>, but remarked that specimens
from western México were paler than those from the east. Of the six
specimens examined from Tamaulipas, four are dark, resembling in color
specimens from Veracruz, Yucatán and Costa Rica, and the other two are
somewhat paler, approaching specimens from Baja California, Zacatecas
and Coahuila. In measurements, Tamaulipan specimens of <i>Lasiurus ega</i>
generally resemble specimens from the west, but differ from any other
<i>L. ega</i> seen in having a longer tail, longer ear, and shorter
maxillary tooth-row.</p>
<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Records of occurrence.</i>—Specimens examined, 6: Sierra de
Tamaulipas, 10 mi. W, 2 mi. S Piedra, 1200 ft., 4; 10 mi. W,
3 mi. S. Piedra, 1200 ft., 1; 16 mi. W, 3 mi. S. Piedra,
1400 ft., 1.</p></div>
<h3>Nycticeius humeralis<br />
<span class="fwn">Evening Bat</span></h3>
<p><i>Nycticeius humeralis</i> has the same distributional pattern in
Tamaulipas as has <i>Lasiurus borealis</i> in that both are represented
there by two subspecies, one known only from Matamoros and the other
occurring in the rest of the state. Bats of this species (<i>N. h.
mexicanus</i>) from Ciudad Victoria and some from the Sierra de Tamaulipas
were shot in flight in evening; others from the last-mentioned locality
were taken in mist nets. Lactating females (22 specimens) were
collected in June and July.</p>
<h3>Nycticeius humeralis humeralis <span class="fwn">(Rafinesque)</span></h3>
<p class="i3">1818. <i>Vespertilio humeralis</i> Rafinesque, Amer. Monthly
Mag., 3(6):445, October, type from Kentucky.</p>
<p class="i3">1819. <i>N[ycticeius]. humeralis</i> Rafinesque, Jour. Phys.
Chim. Hist. Nat. et Arts, Paris, 88:417, June.</p>
<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Distribution in Tamaulipas.</i>—Matamoros (Miller, 1897:120),
one specimen.</p></div>
<h3>Nycticeius humeralis mexicanus <span class="fwn">Davis</span></h3>
<p class="i3">1944. <i>Nycticeius humeralis mexicanus</i> Davis, Jour. Mamm.,
25:380, December 12, type from Río Ramos, 1000 ft., 20 km.
NW Montemorelos, Nuevo León.</p>
<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_414" id="Page_414">[Pg 414]</a></span></p>
<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Distribution in Tamaulipas.</i>—Known certainly only from
central part, but probably occurs at suitable places in all
but extreme northern Tamaulipas.</p></div>
<p>Twenty-seven of 37 adults of <i>N. humeralis</i> examined from Tamaulipas
are pale as is <i>N. h. mexicanus</i>, but 10 are darker and approach <i>N. h.
humeralis</i> in this respect. Twenty-two females averaged 10.3 (9-13)
grams and eight males averaged 9.5 (8-11) grams in weight.</p>
<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Records of occurrence.</i>—Specimens examined, 45: Cd.
Victoria, 10; Sierra de Tamaulipas, 2-3 mi. S, 10 mi. W
Piedra, 1200 ft., 31; 3 mi. S, 16 mi. W Piedra, 1400 ft., 4.</p></div>
<h3>Rhogeëssa tumida tumida <span class="fwn">H. Allen</span><br />
<span class="fwn">Little Yellow Bat</span></h3>
<p class="i3">1866. <i>R[hogeëssa]. tumida</i> H. Allen, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci.
Philadelphia, 18:286, type from Mirador, Veracruz.</p>
<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Distribution in Tamaulipas.</i>—Southeastern part of state.</p></div>
<p>Specimens obtained from the vicinity of La Pesca were shot as were some
from the Sierra de Tamaulipas. Others from the Sierra de Tamaulipas
were taken in mist nets that were stretched across a small pool in an
arroyo; <i>Eptesicus fuscus</i>, <i>Myotis velifer</i>, <i>M. keenii</i> and
<i>Nycticeus humeralis</i> were captured in the same nets.</p>
<p>Females evidently bear young in Tamaulipas in April and May. Fourteen
of 15 females collected at La Pesca in May were lactating, as were five
of 31 taken in the Sierra de Tamaulipas in June. The weight of 46
females averaged 5.5 (4-7) grams, and that of nine males, 4.5 (4-5)
grams.</p>
<p>Comparison of specimens from Tamaulipas with individuals from Veracruz
reveals little difference in general color between the two samples.
Most Tamaulipan specimens examined are dull yellowish brown, but some
are darker. Goodwin (1954:6) reported a specimen from Santa María as
being dark brown. Measurements of 10 females (see below) from the
Sierra de Tamaulipas average a little larger than those reported by
Miller (1897:123-124), Hall (1952:232), and Goodwin (1958:10-12). I
follow the last author in using the specific name <i>R. tumida</i> for this
bat.</p>
<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Measurements.</i>—Average and extreme measurements of 10
females from the Sierra de Tamaulipas are as follows: 80.1
(78-83); 35.5 (33-37); 7.9 (7.5-8.0); 13.1 (13-14); length
of forearm, 31.9 (30.6-33.0); greatest length of skull, 13.4
(13.1-13.8); zygomatic breadth, 8.6 (8.2-8.8); mastoid
breadth, 5.6 (5.3-5.8); breadth across M3, 5.7 (5.5-6.0);
length of maxillary tooth-row, 4.8 (4.7-4.9).</p>
<p><i>Records of occurrence.</i>—Specimens examined, 59: 4 mi. N La
Pesca, 1; 3 mi. N La Pesca, 3; 2 mi. N La Pesca, 11; 1 mi. N
La Pesca, 4; La Pesca, 1; Sierra de Tamaulipas, 2 mi. S, 10
mi. W Piedra, 1200 ft., 39.</p>
<p>Additional record: Santa María (Goodwin, 1958:3).</p></div><p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_415" id="Page_415">[Pg 415]</a></span></p>
<h3>Plecotus phyllotis <span class="fwn">(G. M. Allen)</span><br />
<span class="fwn">Allen's Big-eared Bat</span></h3>
<p class="i3">1916. <i>Corynorhynus phyllotis</i> G. M. Allen, Bull. Mus. Comp.
Zool., 60:352, April, type from San Luis Potosí, probably
near city of same name.</p>
<p class="i3">1959. <i>Plecotus phyllotis</i>, Handley, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus.,
110:130, Sept. 3.</p>
<p class="i3">1923. <i>Idionycteris mexicanus</i> Anthony, Amer. Mus. Novit.,
54:1, January 17, type from Miquihuana, Tamaulipas.</p>
<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Distribution in Tamaulipas.</i>—Known only from Miquihuana.</p></div>
<p>The only specimen of this bat known from Tamaulipas was reported by
Anthony (1923:1), and formed the basis of his description of
<i>Idionycteris mexicanus</i>, a synonym of <i>Plecotus phyllotis</i> according
to Handley (1956:53 and 1959:130).</p>
<h3>Antrozous pallidus pallidus <span class="fwn">(Le Conte)</span><br />
<span class="fwn">Pallid Bat</span></h3>
<p class="i3">1856. <i>V[espertilio]. pallidus</i> Le Conte, Proc. Acad. Nat
Sci. Philadelphia, 7:437, type from El Paso, El Paso Co.,
Texas.</p>
<p class="i3">1864. <i>Antrozous pallidus</i>, H. Allen, Smiths. Misc. Coll., 7
(Publ. 165): 68, June.</p>
<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Distribution in Tamaulipas.</i>—Known only from a single
ramus from Aserradero del Infernillo (Goodwin, 1954:6).</p></div>
<h3>Tadarida brasiliensis mexicana <span class="fwn">(Saussure)</span><br />
<span class="fwn">Brazilian Free-tailed Bat</span></h3>
<p class="i3">1860. <i>Molossus mexicanus</i> Saussure, Revue et Mag. Zool.,
Paris, ser. 2, 12:283, July, type from Cofre de Perote,
13,000 ft., Veracruz.</p>
<p class="i3">1955. <i>Tadarida brasiliensis mexicana</i>, Schwartz, Jour.
Mamm., 36:108, February 28.</p>
<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Distribution in Tamaulipas.</i>—Probably state-wide, but
presently known from only five localities.</p></div>
<p>A female taken on June 21 in a mist net on the Sierra de Tamaulipas
carried an embryo that was 29 mm. in crown-rump length. Two specimens
were shot in flight in the deepest part of Cueva La Mula.</p>
<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Records of occurrence.</i>—Specimens examined, 4: 8 km. S Cd.
Victoria, 1; Sierra de Tamaulipas, 10 mi. W, 2 mi. S Piedra,
1200 ft., 1; Cueva La Mula, 10 km. W Joya Verde, 2400 ft.,
2.</p>
<p>Additional records: Río Bravo (town) (Villa, 1956:8); Rancho
"La Isla," 3 km. N El Limón (Malaga and Villa, 1957:560);
Cueva del Abra (<i>ibid.</i>); no specific locality (Shamel,
1931:6).</p></div>
<h3>Tadarida aurispinosa <span class="fwn">(Peale)</span><br />
<span class="fwn">Peale's Free-tailed Bat</span></h3>
<p class="i3">1848. <i>Dysopes aurispinosus</i> Peale, U. S. Expl. Exp., 8:21,
type taken on board the U. S. S. Peacock at sea,
approximately 100 mi. S Cape San Roque, Brazil.</p>
<p class="i3">1931. <i>Tadarida aurispinosa</i>, Shamel, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus.,
78:11, May 6.</p>
<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_416" id="Page_416">[Pg 416]</a></span></p>
<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Distribution in Tamaulipas.</i>—Known only from Cueva del
Abra, six miles north-northeast of Antiguo Morelos.</p></div>
<p>Carter and Davis (1961) recorded for the first time this species from
North America, on the basis of five specimens collected at Cueva del
Abra. From the same locality P. L. Clifton collected several owl
pellets which provide, besides many skulls of <i>Tadarida laticaudata</i>,
four crania of <i>T. aurispinosa</i>. Available measurements of three, of
the four <i>T. aurispinosa</i>, resemble those given by Carter and Davis
(<i>op. cit.</i>) for their specimens. Measurements of the fourth cranium
are smaller (greatest length of skull, 19.4; zygomatic breadth, 11.1;
interorbital constriction, 3.7; cranial breadth, 9.1; mastoid breadth,
10.7; basal length, 16.3; length of maxillary tooth-*row, 7.4; breadth
across M3, 7.9), but not outside the expected range of individual
variation if we can judge by the range recorded by Jones and Alvarez
(1962) for the related <i>Tadarida laticaudata</i>.</p>
<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Records of occurrence.</i>—Specimens examined, 4, from [Cueva
del Abra], 6 mi. (by road) NNE Antiguo Morelos.</p></div>
<h3>Tadarida laticaudata ferruginea <span class="fwn">Goodwin</span><br />
<span class="fwn">Geoffroy's Free-tailed Bat</span></h3>
<p class="i3">1954. <i>Tadarida laticaudata ferruginea</i> Goodwin, Amer. Mus.
Novit., 1670:2, June 28, type from 8 mi. N Antiguo Morelos,
Tamaulipas.</p>
<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Distribution in Tamaulipas.</i>—Known only from southeastern
part of state.</p></div>
<p>Specimens from three miles south and 16 miles west of Piedra were found
in a crevice inside a cave. Two days previously <i>Desmodus rotundus</i> and
<i>Natalus stramineus</i> were obtained from the same cave. All other
specimens from the Sierra de Tamaulipas were caught in mist nets.
<i>Nycticeus humeralis</i>, <i>Myotis velifer</i>, <i>Eptesicus fuscus</i>, <i>Lasiurus
borealis</i> and <i>L. intermedius</i> were taken in nets that also captured
<i>T. laticaudata</i>.</p>
<p>All specimens taken (June 19-23) in the Sierra de Tamaulipas were
females, except one. Of 33 females taken, 27 carried a single embryo
each, the embryos averaging 27.0 (25-28) mm. in crown-rump length; the
other five were lactating. Weight of the pregnant females averaged 16.0
(13-18) grams and that of the five lactating individuals averaged 13.0
(12-14) grams. A male weighed 22 grams.</p>
<p>For the taxonomic status of this species in North America see Jones and
Alvarez (1962).</p>
<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Records of occurrence.</i>—Specimens examined, 65: Sierra de
Tamaulipas, 2 mi. S, 10 mi. W Piedra, 1200 ft., 27; Sierra
de Tamaulipas, 3 mi. S, 16 mi. W Piedra, 1400 ft., 7; 5 mi.
S El Mante, 8 (AMNH); 11 mi. S El Mante, 13 (AMNH); 10 km.
NNE Antiguo Morelos, 1; 8 mi. N Antiguo Morelos, 7 (5 AMNH,
2 KU); 20 mi. SW El Mante, 2 (AMNH).</p></div><p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_417" id="Page_417">[Pg 417]</a></span></p>
<h3>Molossus ater nigricans <span class="fwn">Miller</span><br />
<span class="fwn">Red Mastiff Bat</span></h3>
<p class="i3">1902. <i>Molossus nigricans</i> Miller, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci.
Philadelphia, 54:395, September 12, type from Acaponeta,
Nayarit.</p>
<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Distribution in Tamaulipas.</i>—Southern part of state, north
at least to Guemes.</p></div>
<p>At Rancho Pano Ayuctle, according to the field notes of the collector
(Schaldach), the red mastiff bat was common, and found daytime retreats
in hollows in cypress trees. Schaldach twice found groups of bats in
such hollows. <i>M. a. nigricans</i> is an early forager and most
individuals seen were in flight before sunset, usually flying in a more
or less straight line at heights of 25 to 60 feet above the ground. The
odor of the chest gland was described by Schaldach as "strong" and
"geranium-like." A female obtained three miles northeast of Guemes on
August 19 carried a single embryo that was 33 mm. in crown-rump length.</p>
<p>Specimens examined average slightly smaller than the type specimen,
especially in total length, length of hind foot, length of skull and
length of maxillary tooth-row. Davis (1951:219) also noted some of
these same differences in a specimen examined by him from two miles
south of Ciudad Victoria. The variation in color is great among
Tamaulipan specimens. Of the 15 examined, two are Dark Mummy Brown, six
are Mummy Brown, six are Sudan Brown, and one is paler than Sudan
Brown.</p>
<p>I follow Goodwin (1960:6) in using the specific name <i>ater</i>.</p>
<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Records of occurrence.</i>—Specimens examined, 15: 3 mi. NE
Guemes, 2; Rancho Santa Rosa, 25 km. N, 13 km. W Cd.
Victoria, 260 m., 2; Rancho Pano Ayuctle, 6 mi. N Gómez
Farías, 300 ft., 1; Rancho Pano Ayuctle, 25 mi. N El Mante
and 3 km. W Pan-American Hwy., 2200 ft., 8; 8 km. W, 10 km.
N El Encino, 400 ft., 2.</p>
<p>Additional records (Davis, 1951:219): 2 mi. S Cd. Victoria;
Altamira.</p></div>
<h3>Ateles geoffroyi velerosus <span class="fwn">Gray</span><br />
<span class="fwn">Spider Monkeys</span></h3>
<p class="i3">1866. <i>Ateles vellerosus</i> Gray, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, p.
773 (for 1865), April, type locality "Brasil?"; restricted
to Mirador, 2000 ft., about 15 mi. NE Huatusco, Veracruz, by
Kellogg and Goldman, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 96:33, November
2, 1944.</p>
<p class="i3">1944. <i>Ateles geoffroyi vellerosus</i>, Kellogg and Goldman,
Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 96:32, November 2.</p>
<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Distribution in Tamaulipas.</i>—Probably extreme southern
part.</p></div>
<p>No specimens of this monkey have been taken in Tamaulipas although
Kellogg and Goldman (1944:34) pointed out that it probably occurred in
the tropical forest of the southern part of the state. Later, Villa
(1958:347) reported that A. Malaga Alba saw monkeys<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_418" id="Page_418">[Pg 418]</a></span> in 1954 at
Barranca de Caballeros, approximately 25 kilometers north-northwest of
Ciudad Victoria. No other report of their occurrence in the state has
been forthcoming.</p>
<h3>Dasypus novemcinctus mexicanus <span class="fwn">Peters</span><br />
<span class="fwn">Nine-banded Armadillo</span></h3>
<p class="i3">1864. <i>Dasypus novemcinctus</i> var. <i>mexicanus</i> Peters,
Montsb. preuss Akad. Wiss., Berlin, p. 180, type from
Matamoros, Tamaulipas (see Hollister, Jour. Mamm., 6:60,
February 9, 1925).</p>
<p class="i3">1920. <i>D[asypus]. novemcinctus mexicanus</i>, Goldman, Smiths.
Misc. Coll., 69 (5):66, April 24.</p>
<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Distribution in Tamaulipas.</i>—Probably state-wide except on
Mexican Plateau; presently known only from five localities.</p></div>
<p>A 13-pound female from four kilometers west-southwest of La Purisima
was captured after it was forced by the collector (Dalquest) and his
dog out of the burrow that was under a log. A young specimen examined
from seven kilometers southwest of La Purisima was captured by a dog. A
partial skeleton including the skull was picked up on the barrier beach
at a place 33 miles south of Washington Beach.</p>
<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Records of occurrence.</i>—Specimens examined, 3 (see text
immediately above).</p>
<p>Additional records: Matamoros (Hollister, 1925:60); Rancho
del Cielo (Hooper, 1953:11).</p></div>
<h3>Sylvilagus brasiliensis truei <span class="fwn">(J. A. Allen)</span><br />
<span class="fwn">Forest Rabbit</span></h3>
<p class="i3">1890. <i>Lepus truei</i> J. A. Allen, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat.
Hist., 3:192, December 10, type from Mirador, Veracruz.</p>
<p class="i3">1950. <i>Sylvilagus brasiliensis truei</i>, Hershkovitz, Proc. U.
S. Nat. Mus., 100:351, May 26.</p>
<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Distribution in Tamaulipas.</i>—Southern part of state; known
only from Rancho del Cielo (Goodwin, 1954:7).</p></div>
<h3>Sylvilagus audubonii parvulus <span class="fwn">(J. A. Allen)</span><br />
<span class="fwn">Desert Cottontail</span></h3>
<p class="i3">1904. <i>Lepus (Sylvilagus) parvulus</i> J. A. Allen, Bull. Amer.
Mus. Nat. Hist., 20:34, February 29, type from Apam,
Hidalgo.</p>
<p class="i3">1909. <i>Sylvilagus audubonii parvulus</i>, Nelson, N. Amer.
Fauna, 29:236, August 31.</p>
<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Distribution in Tamaulipas.</i>—Western part of state.</p></div>
<p>The specimen examined, a male that weighed 646 grams, was shot at
night.</p>
<p>This species occurs only in western Tamaulipas. Hall and Kelson
(1959:267, map 187) mistakenly plotted El Mulato, as being in the
eastern part of the state; actually this locality is in the San Carlos<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_419" id="Page_419">[Pg 419]</a></span>
Mountains of the west, near the boundary between Tamaulipas and Nuevo
León.</p>
<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Records of occurrence.</i>—One specimen examined from 4 mi.
SW Nuevo Laredo, 900 ft.</p>
<p>Additional records (Nelson, 1909:237, unless otherwise
noted): Nuevo Laredo; Guerrero; Mier; Camargo; El Mulato
(Dice, 1937:256); Miquihuana.</p></div>
<h3>Sylvilagus floridanus<br />
<span class="fwn">Eastern Cottontail</span></h3>
<p>This species occurs throughout Tamaulipas. A female from Soto la
Marina, obtained on May 17, was lactating; another from 12 miles
northwest of San Carlos, on August 23, carried two embryos that were 15
mm. in crown-rump length.</p>
<h3>Sylvilagus floridanus chapmani <span class="fwn">(J. A. Allen)</span></h3>
<p class="i3">1899. <i>Lepus floridanus chapmani</i> J. A. Allen, Bull. Amer.
Mus. Nat. Hist., 12:12, March 4, type from Corpus Christi,
Nueces Co., Texas.</p>
<p class="i3">1904. <i>Sylvilagus (Sylvilagus) floridanus chapmani</i>, Lyon,
Smith. Misc. Coll., 45:336, June 15.</p>
<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Distribution in Tamaulipas.</i>—Northern two-thirds of state.</p></div>
<p>A male and pregnant female from 12 miles northwest of San Carlos
weighed, respectively, 650 and 690 grams.</p>
<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Records of occurrence.</i>—Specimens examined, 17: San
Fernando, 180 ft., 3; 12 mi. NW San Carlos, 1300 ft., 3; La
Pesca, 3; Soto la Marina, 500 ft., 6; Ejido Eslabones, 2 mi.
S, 10 mi. W Piedra, 1200 ft., 2.</p>
<p>Additional record: Jaumave (Nelson, 1909:178).</p></div>
<h3>Sylvilagus floridanus connectens <span class="fwn">(Nelson)</span></h3>
<p class="i3">1904. <i>Lepus floridanus connectens</i> Nelson, Proc. Biol. Soc.
Washington, 17:105, May 18, type from Chichicaxtle,
Veracruz.</p>
<p class="i3">1909. <i>Sylvilagus floridanus connectens</i>, Lyon and Osgood,
Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 62:32, January 28.</p>
<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Distribution in Tamaulipas.</i>—Southern part of state.</p></div>
<p>This subspecies has been reported previously from Tamaulipas only from
Altamira. Specimens from 10 kilometers north and eight kilometers west
of El Encino and 70 kilometers south of Ciudad Victoria, judging by
their large size, dark color, and ochraceous brown (rather than pale
ochraceous as in <i>S. f. chapmani</i>) upper sides of the hind feet are
assignable to <i>connectens</i>.</p>
<p>Goodwin (1954:7) reported specimens from Chamal, Joya de Salas, Gómez
Farías, and Pano Ayuctle as <i>S. f. chapmani</i>, remarking that they were
intergrades between <i>chapmani</i> and <i>connectens</i>. Specimens reported by
Goodwin are here assigned to <i>S. f. connectens</i> because the
measurements of the specimen from eight kilometers west of El Encino
are typical of that subspecies.</p><p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_420" id="Page_420">[Pg 420]</a></span></p>
<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Records of occurrence.</i>—Specimens examined, 4: 10 km. N, 8
km. W El Encino, 400 ft., 1; 2 km. W El Carrizo, 2; 9 mi. SW
Tula, 5200 ft., 1.</p>
<p>Additional records (Goodwin, 1954:7, unless otherwise
noted): Chamal; La Joya de Salas; Gómez Farías; Rancho Pano
Ayuctle; Altamira (Nelson, 1909:186).</p></div>
<h3>Lepus californicus<br />
<span class="fwn">Black-tailed Jack Rabbit</span></h3>
<p>The black-tailed jack rabbit is the only species of <i>Lepus</i> known from
Tamaulipas and is represented there by three subspecies, <i>L. c.
merriami</i> of the northern part of the state, <i>L. c. altamirae</i> of the
southeastern coastal plains, and <i>L. c. curti</i> of the barrier beach
south of Matamoros. The known ranges of the three subspecies are not
presently known to meet in Tamaulipas.</p>
<h3>Lepus californicus altamirae <span class="fwn">Nelson</span></h3>
<p class="i3">1904. <i>Lepus merriami altamirae</i> Nelson, Proc. Biol. Soc.
Washington, 17:109, May 18, type from Altamira, Tamaulipas.</p>
<p class="i3">1951. <i>Lepus californicus altamirae</i>, Hall, Univ. Kansas
Publ., Mus. Nat. Hist., 5:45, October 1.</p>
<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Distribution in Tamaulipas.</i>—Southern coastal plain north
certainly to vicinity of Soto la Marina.</p></div>
<p>The two specimens examined in this study (see below) are intermediate
between <i>L. c. altamirae</i> and <i>L. c. curti</i>, but show greater
resemblance to the former. In measurements they resemble <i>altamirae</i>
rather than the smaller <i>curti</i>. They approach the latter in length of
hind foot and are intermediate between the two subspecies in basilar
length; in one specimen, the dimensions of the rostrum are as in
<i>curti</i> and the other has the black patch on the posterior surface of
the ear well developed, as in <i>altamirae</i>, but in the other the black
is reduced. <i>L. c. altamirae</i> has been known previously only from
Altamira.</p>
<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Measurements.</i>—Two male adults (55415, 55416) from north
of Soto la Marina, afford the following external
measurements: 610, 590; 100, 100; 124, 125; 124, 122 (length
of ear from notch, dry, 114, 110). Cranial measurements are:
basilar length, 75.1, 74.4; length of nasals, 46.1, 41.9;
width of rostrum at PM, 25.1, 28.7; height of rostrum in
front of PM, 25.2, 21.5; diameter of auditory bulla, 14.1,
13.0.</p>
<p><i>Records of occurrence.</i>—Specimens examined, 2: 3 mi. N
Soto la Marina, 1; 2 mi. NW Soto la Marina, 1.</p>
<p>Additional record: Altamira (Nelson, 1904:109).</p></div>
<h3>Lepus californicus curti <span class="fwn">Hall</span></h3>
<p class="i3">1951. <i>Lepus californicus curti</i> Hall, Univ. Kansas Publ.,
Mus. Nat. Hist., 5:42, October 1, type from barrier beach 88
mi. S, 10 mi. W Matamoros, Tamaulipas.</p>
<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Distribution in Tamaulipas.</i>—Known only by the three
specimens mentioned in the original description from two
barrier islands in northeastern part of state.</p>
<p><i>Records of occurrence.</i>—Specimens examined, 3: 88 mi. S,
10 mi. W Matamoros, 2; 90 mi. S, 10 mi. W Matamoros, 1.</p></div>
<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_421" id="Page_421">[Pg 421]</a></span></p>
<h3>Lepus californicus merriami <span class="fwn">Mearns</span></h3>
<p class="i3">1896. <i>Lepus merriami</i> Mearns, Preliminary diagnoses of new
mammals from the Mexican border of the United States, p. 2,
March 25, type from Fort Clark, Kinney Co., Texas.</p>
<p class="i3">1909. <i>Lepus californicus merriami</i>, Nelson, N. Amer. Fauna,
29:148, August 31.</p>
<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Distribution in Tamaulipas.</i>—Northern and western parts of
state.</p></div>
<p>The two specimens examined, an adult female and a young male, from the
barrier beach 33 miles south of Washington Beach are intergrades
between <i>L. c. merriami</i>, reported from the mainland from as near as
Matamoros, and <i>L. c. curti</i>, which occurs farther to the south on the
same series of barrier beaches. Of seven characters that seem to
differentiate the two subspecies, the adult female from 33 miles south
of Washington beach resembles <i>merriami</i> in four as follows: tips of
ears black (white in <i>curti</i>); nasals long; hind foot long; and
supraoccipital process broad. The specimen resembles <i>curti</i> in
shortness of tail and in having small auditory bullae. Breadth of
rostrum above premolars, the seventh character, is less than in typical
specimens of either of the two subspecies. More material is needed from
the barrier beach in order to establish with certainty the
relationships between jack rabbits occurring there.</p>
<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Records of occurrence.</i>—Specimens examined, 4: 33 mi. S
Washington Beach, 2; 12 mi. NW San Carlos, 1300 ft., 2.</p>
<p>Additional records: Nuevo Laredo (Nelson, 1909:150); Mier
(<i>ibid.</i>); Camargo (<i>ibid.</i>); Matamoros (Hall, 1951:185);
Tamaulipeca, San Carlos Mts. (<i>ibid.</i>).</p></div>
<h3>Spermophilus mexicanus parvidens <span class="fwn">Mearns</span><br />
<span class="fwn">Mexican Ground Squirrel</span></h3>
<p class="i3">1896. <i>Spermophilus mexicanus parvidens</i> Mearns, Preliminary
diagnoses of new mammals from the Mexican border of the
United States, p. 1, March 25, type from Fort Clark, Kinney
Co., Texas.</p>
<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Distribution in Tamaulipas.</i>—Northern part of state, south
at least to Xicotencatl.</p></div>
<p>Most of the specimens examined from Tamaulipas are in the brown phase
(Howell, 1938:121) and differ from <i>S. m. parvidens</i> from Texas,
Coahuila, and Nuevo León in being darker dorsally. Nevertheless, some
individuals are as pale as those examined from the mentioned states.
Measurements of Tamaulipan specimens average smaller than those given
by Howell (1938:121) and Baker (1956:205) for <i>parvidens</i>.</p>
<p>Specimens from San Fernando differ slightly from those from Soto la
Marina in having a relatively long tail (average 69.2 instead of 62.1
per cent of length of head and body) and in having the upper parts of
the hind feet ochraceous instead of nearly white.</p><p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_422" id="Page_422">[Pg 422]</a></span></p>
<p>Two May-taken females from Soto la Marina carried 5 and 7 embryos that
were 10 mm. in crown-rump length; another taken there was lactating.
Weight of six non-pregnant females from San Fernando averaged 160.6
(129-197) grams. Two males from the same locality weighed 164 and 145
grams.</p>
<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Measurements.</i>—Average and extreme measurements of four
males and three females from Soto la Marina are, as follows:
312.6 (296-330); 119.8 (110-130); 41.6 (38-43). Average
cranial measurements of five specimens (two males, three
females) from same locality are: greatest length of skull,
44.7 (43.7-47.4); zygomatic breadth, 26.9 (25.3-28.6);
breadth of braincase, 19.4 (19.2-19.5); interorbital
constriction, 13.3 (12.5-14.1); length of nasals, 15.9
(14.6-17.5); length of maxillary tooth-row, 8.3 (8.0-8.5).</p>
<p><i>Records of occurrence.</i>—Specimens examined, 20: San
Fernando, 180 ft., 12; Soto la Marina, 500 ft., 8.</p>
<p>Additional records (Howell, 1938:121 unless otherwise
noted): Nuevo Laredo; Mier; Camargo; Reynosa; Bagdad;
Victoria; Xecotencatl [= Xicotencatl] (J. A. Allen,
1891:223).</p></div>
<h3>Spermophilus spilosoma oricolus <span class="fwn">Alvarez</span><br />
<span class="fwn">Spotted Ground Squirrel</span></h3>
<p class="i3">1962. <i>Spermophilus spilosoma oricolus</i> Alvarez, Univ.
Kansas Publ., Mus. Nat. Hist., 14:123, March 7, type from 1
mi. E La Pesca, Tamaulipas.</p>
<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Distribution in Tamaulipas.</i>—Known only from the type
locality and from parts of the barrier beach, but possibly
occurs at other places in northeastern parts of state.</p></div>
<p>The 10 specimens from the type locality were trapped or shot on the
beach, which was covered by thick, low, scattered bushes and grass. Of
the many holes found there, some probably were used by ground squirrels
and others by crabs. A female, taken on July 7 with two young at a
place 33 miles south of Washington Beach, weighed 133 grams and had six
placental scars. This specimen (reported as <i>Spermophilus spilosoma
annectens</i> by Selander <i>et al.</i>, 1962:335) resembles others examined
from the barrier beach (see Alvarez, 1962:124) and is therefore
assigned to <i>S. s. oricolus</i>.</p>
<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Records of occurrence.</i>—Specimens examined, 24: 33 mi. S
Washington Beach, 1; 88 mi. S, 10 mi. W Matamoros, 12; 89
mi. S, 10 mi. W Matamoros, 1; 1 mi. E La Pesca, 10.</p></div>
<h3>Spermophilus variegatus couchii <span class="fwn">Baird</span><br />
<span class="fwn">Rock Squirrel</span></h3>
<p class="i3">1855. <i>Spermophilus couchii</i> Baird, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci.
Philadelphia, 1:332, April, type from Santa Catarina, a few
miles west of Monterrey, Nuevo León.</p>
<p class="i3">1955. <i>Spermophilus variegatus couchii</i>, Baker, Univ. Kansas
Publ., Mus. Nat. Hist, 9:207, June 15.</p>
<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Distribution in Tamaulipas.</i>—Possibly in southwestern
part; reported only from Ciudad Victoria (Howell, 1938:141).</p></div>
<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_423" id="Page_423">[Pg 423]</a></span></p>
<p>Since Baird (1855:332) described <i>S. v. couchii</i> and mentioned a
specimen from Ciudad Victoria that was obtained by Berlandier, no other
record from Tamaulipas has come to light. Probably the species obtained
by Berlandier was introduced at Ciudad Victoria by man.</p>
<h3>Sciurus aureogaster aureogaster <span class="fwn">Cuvier</span><br />
<span class="fwn">Red-bellied Squirrel</span></h3>
<p class="i3">1829. [<i>Sciurus</i>] <i>aureogaster</i> Cuvier, <i>in</i> Geoffroy
St.-Hilaire, and F. Cuvier, Hist. Nat. Mamm., 6, livr. 59
pl. with text, September (binomen published only at end of
work, table générale et méthodique, 7:4, 1842), type
locality "California"; restricted to Altamira, Tamaulipas,
by Nelson (Proc. Washington Acad. Sci., 1:38, May 9, 1899).</p>
<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Distribution in Tamaulipas.</i>—Tropical forest of southern
part; north at least to Rancho Santa Rosa.</p></div>
<p>According to one collector (Schaldach), natives referred to <i>Sciurus
aureogaster</i> as "ardilla pinta" or "ardilla colorada." He recorded in
his field notes that <i>S. aureogaster</i> was most active between 7:00 and
9:00 a. m. and again from 3:00 to 5:00 p. m., that the nest was
constructed of green oak leaves, and that the nest resembles somewhat
in size and form that of <i>S. carolinensis</i>.</p>
<p>Of 53 specimens examined, 17 are black and one from 70 kilometers south
of Ciudad Victoria is clearly more whitish than the others. Specimens
from the northeastern part of the range of the species (= southeastern
Tamaulipas) average darker than those from the south and west. In
individuals that are not black, the ventral reddish color covers the
shoulders and in some it extends between the shoulders to the median
dorsal area.</p>
<p>Among females collected from December through May, only one, taken 43
kilometers south of Ciudad Victoria on March 17, was pregnant (one
embryo).</p>
<p>The weight of seven adult males from Soto la Marina and the Sierra de
Tamaulipas averaged 492.5 (400-575) grams.</p>
<p>Specimens herein reported from San Fernando provide the northernmost
record of the species.</p>
<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Records of occurrence.</i>—Specimens examined, 53: San
Fernando, 180 ft., 5; 9-1/2 mi. SW Padilla, 800 ft., 3;
Rancho Santa Rosa, 25 km. N, 13 km. W Cd. Victoria, 260 m.,
8; 3 mi. NE Guemes, 5; Soto la Marina (3 mi. N), 500 ft., 6;
Sierra de Tamaulipas, 10 mi. W, 8 mi. S Piedra, 1200 ft., 6;
43 km. S Cd. Victoria, 1; Ejido Santa Isabel, 2 km. W
Pan-American Highway, 2000 ft., 5; 70 km. (by highway) S Cd.
Victoria, 6 mi. W of Pan-American Highway, 3; 2 mi. W El
Carrizo, 7; Rancho Pano Ayuctle, 6 mi. N Gómez Farías, 300
ft., 2; Rancho Pano Ayuctle, 25 mi. N, 3 km. W El Mante, 300
ft., 1; 8 km. W, 10 km. N El Encino, 400 ft., 1.</p>
<p>Additional records: Río Corono (= Corona) (J. A. Allen,
1891:222); Victoria (Kelson, 1952:249); Santa María
(Goodwin, 1954:8); 3 mi. NW Acuña, <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_424" id="Page_424">[Pg 424]</a></span>3500 ft. (Hooper,
1953:4); Forlón (Nelson, 1899:42); NE Zamorina (Hooper,
1953:4); Gómez Farías (Goodwin, 1954:8); Altamira (Nelson,
1899:42); Tampico (J. A. Allen, 1891:222).</p></div>
<h3>Sciurus deppei negligens <span class="fwn">Nelson</span><br />
<span class="fwn">Deppe's Squirrel</span></h3>
<p class="i3">1898. <i>Sciurus negligens</i> Nelson, Proc. Biol. Soc.
Washington, 12:147, June 3, type from Altamira, Tamaulipas.</p>
<p class="i3">1953. <i>Sciurus deppei negligens</i>, Hooper, Occas. Papers Mus.
Zool., Univ. Michigan, 544:4, March 25.</p>
<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Distribution in Tamaulipas.</i>—Tropical forest in southern
part of state, north to Rancho Santa Rosa and Padilla.</p></div>
<p>In Tamaulipas this squirrel is called "ardilla chica" or "ardilla
barcina," and is abundant in areas where tall trees and dense brush
prevail. This species evidently does not have restricted periods of
activity, as does <i>S. aureogaster</i>, but is active throughout the day.
At El Carrizo a nest, nine to 10 inches in diameter and constructed of
leaves and small sticks, was in a thick tangle of branches 25 feet
above the ground. A male having testes 11 mm. long was in the nest.
Among 16 females collected in the months of February, May and June,
only two, taken in February, were lactating. A female from 70
kilometers south of Ciudad Victoria, had four placental scars, three on
the right side and one on the left, along with a resorbed embryo on the
right side; according to the collector "the scars appeared quite
recent, as evidenced by the fact that not all of the blood had been
resorbed yet."</p>
<p>The northernmost localities from which <i>S. d. negligens</i> has been
reported are nine and a half miles southwest of Padilla in the east,
and Rancho Santa Rosa in the west.</p>
<p>Three males from the vicinity of Padilla weighed 309, 276, and 261
grams.</p>
<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Records of occurrence.</i>—Specimens examined, 92: 9-1/2 mi.
SW Padilla, 800 ft., 3; Rancho Santa Rosa, 25 km. N, 13 km.
W Cd. Victoria, 260 m., 8; 3 mi. NE Guemes, 1; Sierra de
Tamaulipas, 10 mi. W, 2 mi. S Piedra, 1200 ft., 3; Ejido
Santa Isabel, 2 km. W Pan-American Highway, 2000 ft., 20; 70
km. (by highway) S Cd. Victoria and 6 mi. W Pan-American
Highway, 43; 2 km. W El Carrizo, 12; 8 km. W, 10 km. N El
Encino, 400 ft., 2.</p>
<p>Additional records: Victoria (Nelson, 1898:147); Santa María
(Goodwin, 1954:8); Rancho Viejo (<i>ibid.</i>); Rancho del Cielo
(<i>ibid.</i>); 3 mi. NW Acuña (Hooper, 1953:4); Pano Ayuctle
(<i>ibid.</i>); Gómez Farías (Goodwin, 1954:8); Mesa de Llera, 10
mi. NE Zamorina (Hooper, 1953:4); Altamira (Nelson,
1898:147).</p></div>
<h3>Sciurus alleni <span class="fwn">Nelson</span><br />
<span class="fwn">Allen's Squirrel</span></h3>
<p class="i3">1898. <i>Sciurus alleni</i> Nelson, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington,
12:147, June 3, type from Monterrey, Nuevo León.</p>
<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Distribution in Tamaulipas.</i>—Along Sierra Madre Oriental
in southwestern part of state.</p></div><p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_425" id="Page_425">[Pg 425]</a></span></p>
<p>This squirrel occurs in stands of oak and "nogalillos" (hickory) trees
that grow along streams and arroyos. Individuals are active from
sunrise to about 10:00 a. m. and again late in the afternoon. They give
a soft "chirring" call.</p>
<p>Nelson (1899:92) noted that specimens from Miquihuana were smaller than
those from the type locality. Among specimens I have examined, some are
as large as topotypes and two females are larger (total length, 486 and
490) than measurements given for the species by Nelson (<i>op. cit.</i>).</p>
<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Record of occurrence.</i>—Specimens examined, 11, from Joya
Verde, 35 km. SW Cd. Victoria, 3800 ft.</p>
<p>Additional records: Near Victoria (Nelson, 1899:92);
Miquihuana (<i>ibid.</i>); Joya de Salas (Goodwin, 1954:8).</p></div>
<h3>Glaucomys volans herreranus <span class="fwn">Goldman</span><br />
<span class="fwn">Southern Flying Squirrel</span></h3>
<p class="i3">1936. <i>Glaucomys volans herreranus</i> Goldman, Jour.
Washington Acad. Sci., 26:463, November 15, type from Mts.
of Veracruz.</p>
<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Distribution in Tamaulipas.</i>—Known only from Aserradero
del Infernillo (Goodwin, 1954:9 and 1961:9).</p></div>
<h3>Geomys personatus personatus <span class="fwn">True</span><br />
<span class="fwn">Texas Pocket Gopher</span></h3>
<p class="i3">1889. <i>Geomys personatus</i> True, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus.,
11:159 for 1888, January 5, type from Padre Island, Cameron
County, Texas.</p>
<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Distribution in Tamaulipas.</i>—Known only from the barrier
beach in northeastern part of state.</p></div>
<p>The specimens examined are referred, tentatively, to <i>Geomys personatus
personatus</i> on geographic grounds. They average smaller in all
measurements than <i>personatus</i> (but are larger than <i>G. p.
megapotamus</i>), do not have the sagittal crest that usually is present
in <i>personatus</i>, and the shape of the pterygoid bones is distinctive.
In <i>personatus</i> and <i>megapotamus</i> the ventral border of the pterygoids
(in lateral view) is convex instead of nearly straight as in specimens
from the barrier beach. The specimens recorded here are all that are
known of <i>G. personatus</i> (see account of <i>G. tropicalis</i>) from México.</p>
<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Measurements.</i>—Average and extreme external measurements
of five females from 73 miles south of Washington Beach are
as follows: 266.8 (263-271); 94.8 (91-98); 34 (33-35).
Cranial measurements of two males (89038, 89032) and average
and extremes of five females are respectively: basal length,
49.1, 46.6, 45.9 (44.2-46.8); basilar length, 42.9, 40.0,
39.8 (38.0-40.8); zygomatic breadth, 29.6, 28.3, 28.0
(25.7-29.9); squamosal breadth, 27.8, 25.9, 26.2
(23.8-25.4); interorbital constriction, 7.4, 6.9, 7.3
(6.7-7.8); alveolar length of maxillary tooth-row, 10.3,
9.2, 9.4 (9.1-9.7).</p>
<p><i>Records of occurrence.</i>—Specimens examined, 17: 35 mi. SSE
Matamoros, 8; 33 mi. S Washington Beach, 1; 73 mi. S
Washington Beach, 8.</p></div>
<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_426" id="Page_426">[Pg 426]</a></span></p>
<div class="blockquot"><p>Additional record: 4 mi. S Washington Beach (Selander <i>et
al.</i>, 1962:335—possibly fragmentary skeletal remains never
catalogued in any research collection).</p></div>
<h3>Geomys tropicalis <span class="fwn">Goldman</span><br />
<span class="fwn">Tropical Pocket Gopher</span></h3>
<p class="i3">1915. <i>Geomys personatus tropicalis</i> Goldman, Proc. Biol.
Soc. Washington, 28:134, June 29, type from Altamira,
Tamaulipas.</p>
<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Distribution in Tamaulipas.</i>—Known only from vicinity of
type locality, in southeastern part of state.</p></div>
<p><i>Geomys tropicalis</i> was named as a subspecies of <i>G. personatus</i> in
1915 by E. A. Goldman. To my knowledge, no one other than Goldman has
critically studied specimens of this pocket gopher, nor have specimens
other than those listed in the original description been reported up to
now. In 1953, Gerd H. Heinrich collected a series of 19 individuals one
mile south of Altamira. These specimens were compared (by E. R. Hall in
March, 1962) with the holotype and paratypes of <i>G. p. tropicalis</i> and
were found to be indistinguishable.</p>
<p>Careful comparisons of the specimens from one mile south of Altamira
with topotypes of <i>G. personatus personatus</i> (and specimens of other
subspecies) indicate that <i>tropicalis</i> differs from <i>personatus</i> in a
number of important characters, some of which <i>tropicalis</i> shares with
<i>Geomys arenarius</i> of the Rio Grande Valley and adjacent areas in
Texas, New Mexico, and Chihuahua (see Table 2).</p>
<p class="title"><span class="smcap">Table 2.—Differences Between Three Species of Geomys.</span></p>
<div class="center">
<table border="1" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="table2">
<tr><th align="left"> </th>
<th align="left"><i>G. arenarius</i></th>
<th align="left"><i>G. personatus</i></th>
<th align="left"><i>G. tropicalis</i></th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left">Zygomatic arches</td>
<td align="left">parallel</td>
<td align="left">narrower<br /><span style="margin-left: 1em;">posteriorly</span></td>
<td align="left">narrower<br /><span style="margin-left: 1em;">posteriorly</span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left">Sagittal crest</td>
<td align="left">absent</td>
<td align="left">present</td>
<td align="left">small</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left">Squamosal knob</td>
<td align="left">present</td>
<td align="left">absent</td>
<td align="left">present</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left">Interparietal</td>
<td align="left">subquadrant</td>
<td align="left">triangular</td>
<td align="left">triangular</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left">Mesopterygoid fossa</td>
<td align="left">V-shaped</td>
<td align="left">U-shaped</td>
<td align="left">V-shaped</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left">Ratio, zygomatic breadth<br /><span style="margin-left: 1em;">to basal length</span></td>
<td align="left">63.7-66.6</td>
<td align="left">66.3-67.2</td>
<td align="left">60.8-66.2</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left">Ratio, mastoid breadth<br /><span style="margin-left: 1em;">to basal length</span></td>
<td align="left">58.0-60.4</td>
<td align="left">59.8-63.1</td>
<td align="left">58.0-59.6</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left">Border of premaxilla at<br /><span style="margin-left: 1em;">incisive foramina</span></td>
<td align="left">wedge-shaped</td>
<td align="left">subquadrate</td>
<td align="left">subquadrate</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
<p>As can be seen in the accompanying table <i>tropicalis</i> resembles
<i>arenarius</i> in half of the eight characters considered, especially in
the presence of a knob on the zygomatic process of the squamosal (the
diagnostic character of <i>arenarius</i> according to Merriam, 1895:140) and
in the shape of the mesopterygoid fossa. <i>G. tropicalis</i> differs from
<i>arenarius</i> principally in having a low sagittal crest in adult males
(lacking in <i>arenarius</i>) and in the shape of the interparietal<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_427" id="Page_427">[Pg 427]</a></span> bone,
which in <i>tropicalis</i> is small (in some skulls difficult to see) and
triangular instead of being relatively large and subquadrate as in
<i>arenarius</i>.</p>
<p><i>G. tropicalis</i> resembles <i>personatus</i> in half of the characters
considered, notably in shape of the interparietal bone, outline of
zygomatic arches, and constriction of the premaxillae where they border
the incisive foramina.</p>
<p>Considering the distinctive combination of characters possessed by
<i>tropicalis</i>, and its isolated, restricted geographic range (the
nearest known record of <i>Geomys</i> is approximately 165 miles to the
north), <i>tropicalis</i> is here regarded as a full species. A skull alone
examined from 10 miles northwest of Tampico does not differ from those
of other specimens studied.</p>
<p>The average weight of five non-pregnant July-taken females was 189.4
(180-200) grams. Weights of three males were 280, 270, and 255 grams.
Females are in all measurements smaller than males.</p>
<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Measurements.</i>—Average and extreme measurements of five
females and three males from one mile south of Altamira are,
respectively, as follows: 243.5 (235-250), 260, 260, 265;
82.0 (78-85), 87, 93, 89; 32.2 (31-33), 35, 35, 33; ear from
notch in both sexes, 5; condylobasal length, 42.3
(41.3-43.1), 46.0, 48.0, 46.2; zygomatic breadth, 26.6
(25.1-27.7), 30.4, 31.2, 30.5; interorbital constriction,
6.2 (6.1-6.3), 6.0, 6.2, 6.3; length of nasals, 14.6
(14.0-15.3), 17.0, 16.8, 15.9; alveolar length of maxillary
tooth-row, 9.0 (8.6-9.3), 9.9, 10.0, 9.4.</p>
<p><i>Records of occurrence.</i>—Specimens examined, 19: 1 mi. S
Altamira, 18; 10 mi. NW Tampico, 1.</p>
<p>Additional record: Altamira (Goldman, 1915:134).</p></div>
<h3>Heterogeomys hispidus negatus <span class="fwn">Goodwin</span><br />
<span class="fwn">Hispid Pocket Gopher</span></h3>
<p class="i3">1953. <i>Heterogeomys hispidus negatus</i> Goodwin, Amer. Mus.
Novit., 1620:1, May 4, type from Gómez Feras [Farías], 1300
ft., Tamaulipas.</p>
<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Distribution in Tamaulipas.</i>—Known only from the vicinity
of the type locality.</p></div>
<p>Specimens of this pocket gopher were taken in large Macabee traps, at
night with the aid of a dog, and by natives using slingshots. Mounds of
<i>H. hispidus</i> were common two miles west of El Carrizo near banana
trees; the mouths of burrows were four to five inches in diameter. Two
females collected at this locality on April 16 and 17 were lactating.</p>
<p>Specimens examined of <i>H. hispidus</i> from Tamaulipas resemble the
description of <i>H. h. negatus</i> more than that of <i>H. h. concavus</i>, and
are referred, therefore, to <i>negatus</i>. I assume, on geographic grounds,
that the individuals reported by Hooper (1953:5) as <i>concavus</i> are
<i>negatus</i>; they are here referred to as <i>negatus</i>. If this referral is
correct, the subspecies <i>concavus</i> probably does not occur in
Tamaulipas.</p><p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_428" id="Page_428">[Pg 428]</a></span></p>
<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Records of occurrence.</i>—Specimens examined, 6: Ejido Santa
Isabel, 2 km. W Pan-American Highway, 2000 ft., 1; 2 km. W
El Carrizo, 1; 5 km. W El Carrizo, 4.</p>
<p>Additional records: Rancho Pano Ayuctle (Hooper, 1953:5);
Gómez Farías (Goodwin, 1953:1).</p></div>
<h3>Cratogeomys castanops<br />
<span class="fwn">Yellow-faced Pocket Gopher</span></h3>
<p>Two subspecies of <i>Cratogeomys castanops</i> occur in Tamaulipas, <i>C. c.
planifrons</i> in the higher elevations of the Sierra Madre Oriental in
the western part of the state, and <i>C. c. tamaulipensis</i> on the plains
of the Río Grande.</p>
<p>Specimens from Miquihuana were trapped in tunnels at 6400 feet
elevation. At Palmillas, individuals were trapped in an area of
mesquite, other bushes and "lechuguilla." Three specimens from
southeast of Reynosa were collected in traps set along the dikes of
irrigation ditches. Most specimens from Nicolás were brought by natives
to the collector, but some were caught in traps set in tunnels among
the desert bushes.</p>
<h3>Cratogeomys castanops planifrons <span class="fwn">Nelson and Goldman</span></h3>
<p class="i3">1943. <i>Cratogeomys castanops planifrons</i> Nelson and Goldman,
Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 47:146, June 13, type from
Miquihuana, 5000 ft., Tamaulipas.</p>
<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Distribution in Tamaulipas.</i>—Higher elevations in
southwestern part of state.</p></div>
<p>Specimens from four miles north of Jaumave do not differ from specimens
from Miquihuana. The weights of nine females averaged 146.4 (110-210)
grams; three males weighed 178, 203, and 215 grams.</p>
<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Records of occurrence.</i>—Specimens examined, 29:
Miquihuana, 6400 ft., 9; 4 mi. N Jaumave, 2500 ft., 5;
Nicolás, 56 km. NW Tula, 5500 ft., 15.</p></div>
<h3>Cratogeomys castanops tamaulipensis <span class="fwn">Nelson and Goldman</span></h3>
<p class="i3">1934. <i>Cratogeomys castanops tamaulipensis</i> Nelson and
Goldman, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 47:141, June 13, type
from Matamoros, Tamaulipas.</p>
<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Distribution in Tamaulipas.</i>—Known only from two
localities in extreme northern part of state, but probably
occurs throughout northeastern part of state.</p></div>
<p>Three specimens from three miles southeast of Reynosa are referred to
<i>C. c. tamaulipensis</i> on geographic grounds. They are tawny brown
dorsally instead of cinnamon brown or pinkish cinnamon as Nelson and
Goldman (1943:141) described <i>tamaulipensis</i>, and the basioccipital
bone (in one male) is parallel-sided instead of wedge-shaped. Possibly
this difference is owing to sex; Nelson and<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_429" id="Page_429">[Pg 429]</a></span> Goldman studied only one
adult, a female (the type), and the only adult seen by me was a male.</p>
<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Measurements.</i>—An adult male (58118) from three miles
southeast of Reynosa, measured as follows: 301; 81; 40; 7;
condylobasal length, 57.0; zygomatic breadth, 41.2; palatal
length, 36.1; breadth of rostrum, 11.8; length of nasals,
22.0; squamosal breadth, 34.0; alveolar length of maxillary
tooth-row, 10.8.</p>
<p><i>Records of occurrence.</i>—Specimens examined, 3, from 3 mi.
SE Reynosa.</p>
<p>Additional record: Matamoros (Nelson and Goldman, 1934:140).</p></div>
<h3>Perognathus merriami merriami <span class="fwn">J. A. Allen</span><br />
<span class="fwn">Merriam's Pocket Mouse</span></h3>
<p class="i3">1892. <i>Perognathus merriami</i> J. A. Allen, Bull. Amer. Mus.
Nat. Hist., 4:45, March 25, type from Brownsville, Cameron
Co., Texas.</p>
<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Distribution in Tamaulipas.</i>—State-wide except
southwestern part.</p></div>
<p>Most of the available specimens of <i>P. m. merriami</i> were collected in
the semi-arid areas of mesquite and grasses. At Soto la Marina <i>P. m.
merriami</i> was abundant in open fields surrounded by brush. One female,
collected on July 4, one mile south of Altamira was lactating. Weights
of 16 adults from Soto la Marina and that of nine adults from the
vicinity of San Fernando are, respectively: 8.2 (7-10) and 8.1 (7-9)
grams.</p>
<p>Specimens from Tamaulipas are darker than those examined from Coahuila
and southern Texas. A skull picked up on the barrier beach, 73 miles
south of Washington Beach, differs from all other skulls examined in
having the rostrum (3.6 mm.) and M1 (4.3) wider, auditory bullae
relatively smaller, and glenoid fossa larger (2.6 instead of less than
2.3 in specimens from Soto la Marina).</p>
<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Records of occurrence.</i>—Specimens examined, 46: 4-4.5 mi.
S Nuevo Laredo, 900 ft., 4; 10 mi. S, 11 mi. E Nuevo Laredo,
600 ft., 2; 1 mi. S Santa Teresa, 1; San Fernando, 180 ft.,
1; 2 mi. W San Fernando, 180 ft., 14; 73 mi. S Washington
Beach, 1; 12 mi. NW San Carlos, 1300 ft., 1; Soto la Marina,
19; Ciudad Victoria, 1; 17 mi. SW Tula, 3900 ft., 1; 1 mi. S
Altamira, 1.</p>
<p>Additional records (Osgood, 1900:22, unless otherwise
noted): Mier; Reynosa; Matamoros; 40 mi. S Matamoros
(Hooper, 1953:5); Hidalgo; Altamira.</p></div>
<h3>Perognathus hispidus hispidus <span class="fwn">Baird</span><br />
<span class="fwn">Hispid Pocket Mouse</span></h3>
<p class="i3">1858. <i>Perognathus hispidus</i> Baird, Mammals, in Repts. Expl.
Surv. ..., 8(1):421, July 14, type from Charco Escondido,
Tamaulipas.</p>
<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Distribution in Tamaulipas.</i>—Central and northern parts of
state.</p></div>
<p>Two specimens examined from the vicinity of Nuevo Laredo were trapped
in weeds and tall grass along an irrigation ditch that ran between
desert and a cornfield. One was a lactating female (November 15) and
weighed 31 grams; the other, an immature male,<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_430" id="Page_430">[Pg 430]</a></span> weighed 23 grams. A
May-taken specimen from Soto la Marina possesses a broader and more
ochraceous lateral line than the other three individuals examined from
Tamaulipas and the Texan specimens seen.</p>
<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Records of occurrence.</i>—Specimens examined, 4: 10 mi. S,
11 mi. E Nuevo Laredo, 600 ft., 2; Soto la Marina, 500 ft.,
1; 9-1/2 mi. SW Padilla, 800 ft., 1.</p>
<p>Additional records (Osgood, 1900:44, unless otherwise
noted): Mier; Matamoros; Charco Escondido (Baird, 1858:422);
3 mi. W Soto la Marina (Hooper, 1953:5).</p></div>
<h3>Perognathus nelsoni nelsoni <span class="fwn">Merriam</span><br />
<span class="fwn">Nelson's Pocket Mouse</span></h3>
<p class="i3">1894. <i>Perognathus (Chaetodipus) nelsoni</i> Merriam, Proc.
Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 46:266, September 27, type
from Hacienda La Parada, about 25 mi. NW Cd. San Luis
Potosí, San Luis Potosí.</p>
<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Distribution in Tamaulipas.</i>—Known only from the west side
of the Sierra Madre Oriental in southwestern part of state.</p></div>
<p>Most of the specimens examined were taken in semi-arid habitats where
the dominant plants were cactus, weeds and bushes.</p>
<p>In Tamaulipas, specimens from the southern localities (places labeled
with reference to Tula) are darker than those from the two northernmost
localities (Miquihuana and four miles north of Jaumave). Most
measurements are about equal in the southern and northern specimens,
but in some measurements southern specimens average slightly smaller
than those from the north. Greatest length of skull is a case in point.
The difference in size is reflected in the weights. Average weights of
nine males and nine females from southern localities are, respectively,
14.7 (12-16.5) and 13.8 (12-15.5) instead of 18.5 (17-20) and 17.0
(15-18) grams for four males and six females from the northern
localities. In general, Tamaulipan specimens average somewhat smaller
than those from other localities in eastern México (see measurements
given by Baker, 1956:238, Dalquest, 1953:107, and Osgood, 1900:53).</p>
<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Measurements.</i>—Average and extreme measurements of six
specimens (2 males and 4 females) from Miquihuana, three
males from four miles north of Jaumave, and five (3 males
and 2 females) from nine miles southwest of Tula are,
respectively, as follows: 176.2 (163-185), ——, 170, 173,
(4 specimens only) 179.0 (165-186); 99.8 (97-105), ——, 90,
93, (4 specimens only) 96.7 (88-104); 22.5 (21-23), 23, 23,
24, 22.6 (22-23); 8 (8), 8, 8, 8, 8.8 (8-9); greatest length
of skull, 26.1 (25.6-26.6), 25.8, 26.5, 26.9, 25.2
(24.9-25.7); mastoid breadth, 13.3 (12.9-13.6), 13.2, 13.8,
13.6, 13.1 (12.9-13.4); interorbital constriction, 6.4
(6.1-6.6), 5.9, 6.3, 6.3, 6.3 (6.1-6.8); interparietal
breadth, 7.4 (6.8-7.9), 7.7, 7.2, 7.2, 7.6 (7.3-7.9);
alveolar length of maxillary tooth-row, 3.7 (3.5-4.0); 3.6,
3.5, 3.6, 3.6 (3.5-3.8).</p>
<p><i>Records of occurrence.</i>—Specimens examined, 42:
Miquihuana, 6300 ft., 7; 4 mi. N Jaumave, 2500 ft., 5;
Nicolás, 56 km. NW Tula, 5500 ft., 10; Tajada,<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_431" id="Page_431">[Pg 431]</a></span> 23 mi. NW
Tula, 5200 ft., 6; 8 mi. N Tula, 4500 ft., 1; 9 mi. SW Tula,
3900 ft., 13.</p>
<p>Additional record: Jaumave (Miller, 1924:284).</p></div>
<h3>Dipodomys ordii<br />
<span class="fwn">Ord's Kangaroo Rat</span></h3>
<p>This species has a restricted geographic distribution in Tamaulipas,
although three subspecies occur in the state; two of them occur in the
extreme northeast and the other in the far west.</p>
<h3>Dipodomys ordii durranti <span class="fwn">Setzer</span></h3>
<p class="i3">1949. <i>Dipodomys ordii fuscus</i> Setzer, Univ. Kansas Publ.,
Mus. Nat. Hist., 1:555, December 27, type from Jaumave,
Tamaulipas.</p>
<p class="i3">1952. <i>Dipodomys ordii durranti</i> Setzer, Jour. Washington
Acad. Sci., 42:391, December 17, a renaming of <i>D. o.
fuscus</i> Setzer, 1949.</p>
<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Distribution in Tamaulipas.</i>—Semi-desert areas in western
part of state.</p></div>
<p>The specimen examined from four miles north of Jaumave was trapped in a
xeric area in which the vegetation consisted of mesquite, high palmlike
yuccas, and "lechugilla." Specimens from the vicinity of Tula were
trapped along bushy fence rows and adjacent to clumps of bushes and
cactus, or shot at night in an area in which the soil was a sandy loam
having relatively large amounts of gravel. The average weight of seven
specimens from Nicolás was 50.3 (42-60) grams.</p>
<p>According to Lidicker (1960:178 and in <i>litt.</i>), the place called Lulú
that was ascribed to Tamaulipas by Setzer (1949:550), and from which
<i>D. o. durranti</i> was reported, actually is in Zacatecas.</p>
<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Records of occurrence.</i>—Specimens examined, 19:
Miquihuana, 6200 ft., 2; 4 mi. N Jaumave, 2500 ft., 3;
Nicolás, 56 km. NW Tula, 12; 8 km. N Tula, 4500 ft., 2.</p>
<p>Additional records (Setzer, 1949:556): Nuevo Laredo;
Jaumave.</p></div>
<h3>Dipodomys ordii parvabullatus <span class="fwn">Hall</span></h3>
<p class="i3">1951. <i>Dipodomys ordii parvabullatus</i> Hall, Univ. Kansas
Publ., Mus. Nat. Hist., 5:38, October 1, type from 88 mi. S
and 10 mi. W Matamoros, Tamaulipas.</p>
<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Distribution in Tamaulipas.</i>—Known only from two islands
off the barrier beach.</p></div>
<p>Weight of four adults averaged 49.2 (44-60) grams.</p>
<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Records of occurrence.</i>—Specimens examined, 17: 33 mi. S
Washington Beach, 4; 88 mi. S, 10 mi. W Matamoros, 7; 90 mi.
S, 10 mi. W Matamoros, 6.</p></div>
<h3>Dipodomys ordii compactus <span class="fwn">True</span></h3>
<p class="i3">1889. <i>Dipodomys compactus</i> True, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus.,
11:160, January 5, type from Padre Island, Cameron Co.,
Texas.</p>
<p class="i3">1942. <i>Dipodomys ordii compactus</i>, Davis, Jour. Mamm.,
23:332, August 13.</p>
<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Distribution in Tamaulipas.</i>—Reported only from Bagdad
(Hall, 1951:41).</p></div><p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_432" id="Page_432">[Pg 432]</a></span></p>
<h3>Dipodomys merriami atronasus <span class="fwn">Merriam</span><br />
<span class="fwn">Merriam's Kangaroo Rat</span></h3>
<p class="i3">1894. <i>Dipodomys merriami atronasus</i> Merriam, Proc. Biol.
Soc. Washington, 9:113, June 21, type from Hacienda La
Parada, about 25 mi. NW San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí.</p>
<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Distribution in Tamaulipas.</i>—Mexican Plateau in western
part of state.</p></div>
<p>Specimens examined are tentatively assigned to <i>Dipodomys merriami
atronasus</i>. They differ from typical <i>atronasus</i> as pointed out by
Lidicker (1960:177). He noted that individuals from the eastern edge of
the range of <i>D. m. atronasus</i> were slightly paler than typical
specimens, but I found Tamaulipan material to be much darker,
especially behind the nose and ears (blackish instead of brownish),
than specimens from Aguascalientes, San Luis Potosí and Zacatecas.</p>
<p>Specimens examined were collected under the same conditions and in the
same areas as <i>D. ordii durranti</i>. The average weight of 20 adults (11
females and nine males) was 46.6 (38-50) grams.</p>
<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Records of occurrences.</i>—Specimens examined, 27: Nicolás,
56 km. NW Tula, 5500 ft., 16; Tajada, 23 mi. NW Tula, 5200
ft., 4; 15 mi. N Tula, 1; 8 mi. N Tula, 4500 ft., 3; 9 mi.
SW Tula, 3900 ft., 3.</p>
<p>Additional record: Tula (Lidicker, 1960:178).</p></div>
<h3>Liomys irroratus<br />
<span class="fwn">Mexican Spiny Pocket Mouse</span></h3>
<p>This species is probably the most common rodent in Tamaulipas. It was
taken at almost every locality sampled and was associated with many
other kinds of rodents. Its distribution is state-wide with the
exception of the extreme northwestern part. Two subspecies are
represented in Tamaulipas, <i>L. i. alleni</i>, which occurs in the western
side of the Sierra Madre Oriental in the southwest part of the state,
and <i>L. i. texensis</i>, which occupies the rest of the range of the
species in the state.</p>
<p>At Soto la Marina specimens were taken in dense brush, around the
cultivated fields; no burrows were seen and all specimens were trapped
before 10:00 p.m. On the Sierra de Tamaulipas, <i>Liomys</i> was collected
in practically all microhabitats. In the vicinity of San Fernando,
individuals were trapped in a dry area in which vegetation consisted of
mesquite, cactus and chollas; the ground there was covered with dry
leaves and small sticks, and burrows were found near the base of the
mesquite bushes. One specimen was taken near the house of a woodrat.
Two kilometers west of El Carrizo, where <i>Liomys irroratus</i> is called
"ratón tuza," specimens were collected on rocks inclined at an angle of
about twenty-five<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_433" id="Page_433">[Pg 433]</a></span> degrees that were covered with zacatón grass and
some bushes. Some individuals were taken in a sugar cane field that was
surrounded by bushes and tall grass; <i>Baiomys taylori</i>, <i>Sigmodon
hispidus</i>, and <i>Peromyscus leucopus</i> were taken in the line of traps.
One specimen was caught in a trap baited with banana.</p>
<p>Some dates concerning reproduction of <i>Liomys irroratus</i> in Tamaulipas
are as follows: La Pesca, May 25, one female lactating and one female
pregnant with 4 embryos that measured 8 mm.; Jaumave, July 26-29, three
females lactating and three pregnant females that carried 6 embryos (6
mm.), 6 embryos (15 mm.), and 5 embryos (15 mm.); Palmillas, July 23, a
female with 1 embryo measuring 6 mm.; Nicolás, October 19, a female
carrying 4 embryos measuring 3 mm.</p>
<h3>Liomys irroratus alleni <span class="fwn">(Coues)</span></h3>
<p class="i3">1881. <i>Heteromys alleni</i> Coues, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool.,
8:187, March, type from Río Verde, San Luis Potosí.</p>
<p class="i3">1911. <i>Liomys irroratus alleni</i>, Goldman, N. Amer. Fauna,
34:56, September 7.</p>
<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Distribution in Tamaulipas.</i>—Extreme southwestern part of
state.</p></div>
<p>This subspecies is easily distinguished from <i>L. i. texensis</i> by the
following features: hind foot larger, 31.5 (30-33.5) instead of 27.8
(27-29); skull longer, 34.2 (32.4-36.4) instead of 31.5 (30.0-32.5);
maxillary tooth-row longer, 5.4 (5.0-5.8) instead of 5.0 (4.8-5.1);
interorbital constriction relatively narrower in <i>alleni</i>.
Intergradation between <i>L. i. alleni</i> and <i>L. i. texensis</i> takes place
at Rancho Santa Rosa (where, of the two specimens, one is conspicuously
larger than the other), eight kilometers northeast of Antiguo Morelos,
El Encino, and Ejido Santa Isabel. All specimens from the localities
mentioned are here assigned to <i>texensis</i>.</p>
<p>Weight of three pregnant females averaged 68.9 (64-78) grams, that of
non-pregnant females, 65.6 (64-68), and that of six males 73.0 (65-80).</p>
<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Records of occurrence.</i>—Specimens examined, 34: Villa
Mainero, 1700 ft., 2; Nicolás, 56 km. NW Tula, 5500 ft., 6;
Jaumave, 2400 ft., 23; 16 mi. N, 6 mi. W Palmillas, 5500
ft., 1; 14 mi. N, 6 mi. W Palmillas, 5500 ft., 2.</p>
<p>Additional records: Miquihuana (Goldman, 1911:56); Tula
(Hooper and Handley, 1958:18).</p></div>
<h3>Liomys irroratus texensis <span class="fwn">Merriam</span></h3>
<p class="i3">1902. <i>Liomys texensis</i> Merriam, Proc. Biol. Soc.
Washington, 15:44, March 5, type from Brownsville, Cameron
Co., Texas.</p>
<p class="i3">1911. <i>Liomys irroratus texensis</i>, Goldman, N. Amer. Fauna,
34:59, September 7.</p>
<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Distribution in Tamaulipas.</i>—State-wide except extreme
southwestern and northwestern parts.</p></div><p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_434" id="Page_434">[Pg 434]</a></span></p>
<p>Intergradation occurs between <i>L. i. texensis</i> and <i>L. i. pretiosus</i> in
southeastern Tamaulipas as noted previously by Hooper (1953:5).
Individuals from Altamira and one mile south thereof are small and dark
as in <i>pretiosus</i>, but cranial measurements are as in <i>texensis</i> to
which they are here assigned. Specimens from the vicinity of Tampico
are typical <i>texensis</i>.</p>
<p>Average weight of the specimens from three different localities are as
follows: Soto la Marina, seven males, 42.7, 14 females, 36.9; Sierra de
Tamaulipas, 12 males, 47.3, 20 females, 40.7; Sierra Madre Oriental,
eight males, 45.5, nine females, 37.0 grams.</p>
<p>The specimens reported by Ingles (1959:394) from two miles south of El
Mante as <i>L. irroratus</i> are here referred to <i>texensis</i> on geographic
grounds.</p>
<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Records of occurrence.</i>—Specimens examined, 121: 7 km. S,
2 km. W San Fernando, 7; 7 km. SW La Purisima, 1; Rancho
Santa Rosa, 25 km. N, 13 km. W Cd. Victoria, 260 m., 2; 36
km. N, 10 km. W Cd. Victoria, 1; 15 mi. N Cd. Victoria, 2; 4
mi. N La Pesca, 5; Soto la Marina, 25; Sierra Madre
Oriental, 5 mi. S, 3 mi. W Cd. Victoria, 1900 ft., 18;
Sierra de Tamaulipas, 2 mi. S, 10 mi. W Piedra, 1200 ft.,
36; Sierra de Tamaulipas, 3 mi. S, 10 mi. W Piedra, 1200
ft., 1; Ejido Santa Isabel, 2 km. W Pan-American Highway,
2000 ft., 3; Rancho Pano Ayuctle, 25 mi. N, 3 km. W El
Mante, 300 ft., 1; Rancho Pano Ayuctle, 6 mi. N Gómez
Farías, 300 ft., 8; 10 km. N, 8 km. W El Encino, 400 ft., 1;
2 km. W El Carrizo, 6; 53 km. N El Limón, 4; 8 km. NE
Antiguo Morelos, 2; Altamira, 1; 1 mi. S Altamira, 3; 10 mi.
NW Tampico, 1; 7 km. N Tampico, 2.</p>
<p>Additional records: Hidalgo (Goldman, 1911:59); Matamoros
(<i>ibid.</i>); Bagdad (<i>ibid.</i>); Sierra de San Carlos (Hooper
and Handley, 1948:20); 3 mi. W Soto la Marina (Hooper,
1953:5); [Cd.] Victoria (Goldman, 1911: 59); Acuña (Hooper
and Handley, 1948:20); Mesa de Llera (Hooper, 1953:5); Gómez
Farías (Goodwin, 1954:9); 2 mi. S Cd. Mante (Ingles,
1959:394); Antiguo Morelos (Hooper and Handley, 1948:20).</p></div>
<h3>Castor canadensis mexicanus <span class="fwn">V. Bailey</span><br />
<span class="fwn">Beaver</span></h3>
<p class="i3">1913. <i>Castor canadensis mexicanus</i> V. Bailey, Proc. Biol.
Soc. Washington, 26:191, October 23, type from Ruidoso
Creek, 6 mi. below Ruidoso, Lincoln Co., New Mexico.</p>
<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Distribution in Tamaulipas.</i>—Probably in the Río Grande
drainage.</p></div>
<p>The beaver has been reported in Tamaulipas only from Matamoros (Baird,
1858:355—three specimens) and from 12 miles below, south of, Matamoros
(V. Bailey, 1905:124). In Tamaulipas the beaver may occur only in the
Río Grande drainage.</p>
<h3>Oryzomys palustris<br />
<span class="fwn">Marsh Rice Rat</span></h3>
<p>Previous to this report only one subspecies of <i>Oryzomys palustris</i> had
been recorded from Tamaulipas. Careful examination of the available
material from the state shows that <i>O. p. aquaticus</i> occurs in the east
and <i>O. p. peragrus</i> lives in the southwestern part of the state.</p><p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_435" id="Page_435">[Pg 435]</a></span></p>
<p>In general, specimens examined were trapped in dense brush alongside
waterholes as at Altamira, or around cornfields as at the place 36
kilometers north and 10 kilometers west of Ciudad Victoria, where the
bushes were mesquite and other kinds of Acacias. There the ground was
covered by cat claw, and no grass was seen near the traps in which <i>O.
palustris</i> was caught. In the Sierra de Tamaulipas a specimen was
caught among rocks and bushes. Ingles (1959:395) reported that his
specimens were trapped alive in dense brush and "tules."</p>
<p>A female taken at Jaumave on July 25 had 5 embryos, each 20 mm. in
crown-rump length.</p>
<h3>Oryzomys palustris aquaticus <span class="fwn">J. A. Allen</span></h3>
<p class="i3">1891. <i>Oryzomys aquaticus</i> J. A. Allen, Bull. Amer. Mus.
Nat. Hist., 3:289, June 30, type from Brownsville, Cameron
Co., Texas.</p>
<p class="i3">1918. <i>Oryzomys couesi aquaticus</i>, Goldman, N. Amer. Fauna,
43:39, September 23.</p>
<p class="i3">1960. <i>Oryzomys palustris aquaticus</i>, Hall, The Southwestern
Nat., 5:173, November 1.</p>
<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Distribution in Tamaulipas.</i>—North part of state, and
coastal area south to Tampico.</p></div>
<p>Weights of two males were 80 and 82, and of a female 66 grams.</p>
<p><i>Oryzomys palustris aquaticus</i> differs from <i>O. p. peragrus</i> in having
a rich cinnamon, reddish color and the interorbital region constricted
to less than 14.7 per cent of the greatest length of the skull. <i>O. p.
peragrus</i> is ochraceous and grayish. The least width of its
interorbital region is more than 14.5 per cent of the greatest length
of the skull. Individuals studied from the Sierra de Tamaulipas are
typical <i>aquaticus</i>. Of those from Altamira, one has the color as in
<i>aquaticus</i>, but the color of the other two resembles that of
<i>peragrus</i>; nevertheless, all of the mentioned specimens are here
assigned to <i>aquaticus</i>.</p>
<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Records of occurrence.</i>—Specimens examined, 4: Sierra de
Tamaulipas, 10 mi. W, 2 mi. S Piedra, 1200 ft., 1; 6 mi. N,
6 mi. W Altamira, 2; 5 mi. N, 5 mi. W Altamira, 1.</p>
<p>Additional records: Camargo (Goldman, 1918:40); Matamoros
(<i>ibid.</i>); near Cd. Tampico (Ingles, 1958:395).</p></div>
<h3>Oryzomys palustris peragrus <span class="fwn">Merriam</span></h3>
<p class="i3">1901. <i>Oryzomys mexicanus peragrus</i> Merriam, Proc.
Washington Acad. Sci., 3:283, July 26, type from Río Verde,
San Luis Potosí.</p>
<p class="i3">1918. <i>Oryzomys couesi peragrus</i>, Goldman, N. Amer. Fauna,
43:39, September 23.</p>
<p class="i3">1960. <i>Oryzomys palustris peragrus</i>, Hall, The Southwestern
Nat., 5:173, November 1.</p>
<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Distribution in Tamaulipas.</i>—Western part of state, along
Sierra Madre Oriental.</p></div><p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_436" id="Page_436">[Pg 436]</a></span></p>
<p>Two males from Jaumave weighed 62 and 65 and one pregnant female
weighed 67 grams.</p>
<p>Most records of <i>O. p. peragrus</i> are from places along the Sierra Madre
Oriental, but Lawrence (1947:103) recorded a specimen from the Río
Corona, which is east of, but not far from the mentioned Sierra. Baker
(1951:215) reported two specimens from two different localities labeled
with reference to Ciudad Victoria (same specimens reported here) as <i>O.
p. aquaticus</i>, but pointed out that they tended "toward the darker <i>O.
c. peragrus</i>." Examination of more material and taking into
consideration the relation between the interorbital constriction and
the greatest length of skull, cause me here to refer those specimens to
<i>peragrus</i>.</p>
<p>Hooper (1953:8) reported three young specimens from Rancho Pano Ayuctle
as of the subspecies <i>aquaticus</i>, but study of two adults from the same
locality reveals that this locality should be included within the
geographic range of <i>peragrus</i>.</p>
<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Records of occurrence.</i>—Specimens examined, 9: 36 km. N,
10 km. W Cd. Victoria, 1; Jaumave, 2400 ft., 5; Rancho Pano
Ayuctle, 25 mi. N, 3 km. W El Mante, 2; 70 km. S Cd.
Victoria (by highway) and 6 km. W of Highway, 1.</p>
<p>Additional records: Río Corana (Lawrence, 1947:103); Pano
Ayuctle (Hooper, 1953:8).</p></div>
<h3>Oryzomys melanotis<br />
<span class="fwn">Black-eared Rice Rat</span></h3>
<p><i>Oryzomys melanotis</i> occurs in Tamaulipas from Soto la Marina
southward. Two subspecies are recorded: <i>O. m. carrorum</i> in the north
and <i>O. m. rostratus</i> in the tropical area from Rancho Pano Ayuctle to
Altamira.</p>
<p>Specimens from the Sierra de Tamaulipas were trapped along a stream,
edged with trees, bushes and rocks; at Rancho Pano Ayuctle the animals
were in grass between banana groves. The specimen from 70 kilometers
south of Ciudad Victoria was taken in tall grass near a field of sugar
cane in a line of traps that yielded also <i>Peromyscus leucopus</i>,
<i>Sigmodon hispidus</i>, <i>Liomys irroratus</i>, and <i>Oryzomys fulvescens</i>.
Hooper (1953:8) and Ingles (1959:395) reported <i>O. melanotis</i> as caught
at the edges of cane fields.</p>
<h3>Oryzomys melanotis carrorum <span class="fwn">Lawrence</span></h3>
<p class="i3">1947. <i>Oryzomys rostratus carrorum</i> Lawrence, Proc. New
England Zool. Club, 24:101, May 29, type from Rancho Santa
Ana, about 8 mi. SW Padilla, Río Soto la Marina, Tamaulipas.</p>
<p class="i3">1959. <i>Oryzomys melanotis carrorum</i>, Hall and Kelson, The
Mammals of North America, 2:560, March 21.</p>
<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Distribution in Tamaulipas.</i>—Southeast part of state;
known only from the type locality and the Sierra de
Tamaulipas.</p></div><p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_437" id="Page_437">[Pg 437]</a></span></p>
<p>The original description of this subspecies was based on three
specimens collected at Rancho Santa Ana. Specimens examined from the
Sierra de Tamaulipas extended the known range 45 miles southeast of the
type locality, and also extend the previously known altitudinal range
of 300-350 feet elevation to 1200 feet.</p>
<p>Specimens examined correspond in color and measurements to those
recorded by Lawrence (1947:102-103). Of 12 specimens studied, the
tympanic bullae of six touch the surface of the table when the skull
rests on the tips of the incisors and the occipital condyles. In the
other six the bullae are 0.3 to 1.3 mm. above the table top. The
mesopterygoid space in the specimens examined are broad and U-shaped
and not V-shaped as in the three specimens examined by Lawrence (<i>op.
cit.</i>). Weight of six males was 52.5 (48-63) and of four females 44.7
(40-49) grams.</p>
<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Measurements.</i>—Average and extreme measurements of six
males are as follows: 255.3 (240-269); 135.7 (120-147);
135.7 (120-147); 30.4 (30-31); 21 (20-22); greatest length
of skull, 31.6 (30.9-32.5); zygomatic breadth, 15.3
(14.7-16.1); interorbital constriction, 4.8 (4.5-5.1);
breadth of skull, 31.6 (30.9-32.5); length of nasals, 12.9
(12.4-13.4); length of anterior palatine foramina, 5.5
(5.2-5.7); length of palatal bridge, 6.1 (5.8-6.4); length
of maxillary tooth-row, 4.0 (3.9-4.1). The females average
slightly smaller.</p>
<p><i>Records of occurrence.</i>—Specimens examined, 12 from Sierra
de Tamaulipas, 10 mi. W, 2 mi. S Piedra, 1200 ft.</p>
<p>Additional record: Type locality (Lawrence, 1947:102).</p></div>
<h3>Oryzomys melanotis rostratus <span class="fwn">Merriam</span></h3>
<p class="i3">1901. <i>Oryzomys rostratus</i> Merriam, Proc. Washington Acad.
Sci., 3:293. July 26, type from Metlatoyuca, Puebla.</p>
<p class="i3">1953. <i>Oryzomys melanotis rostratus</i>, Hooper, Occ. Papers
Mus. Zool., Univ. Michigan, 544:8, March 25.</p>
<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Distribution in Tamaulipas.</i>—Extreme southeastern part of
state, in tropical area.</p></div>
<p>Ingles (1959:395) reported one specimen from two miles north of Ciudad
Mante as <i>O. melanotis</i>; here it is referred to <i>O. m. rostratus</i> on
geographic grounds.</p>
<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Records of occurrence.</i>—Specimens examined, 2: 2 km. W El
Carrizo, 1; Rancho Pano Ayuctle, 25 mi. N El Mante and 3 km.
W Highway, 1.</p>
<p>Additional records: 2 mi. N Cd. Mante (Ingles, 1959:395);
Altamira (Goldman, 1918:54).</p></div>
<h3>Oryzomys alfaroi huastecae <span class="fwn">Dalquest</span></h3>
<p class="i3">1951. <i>Oryzomys alfaroi huastecae</i> Dalquest, Jour.
Washington Acad. Sci., 41:363, November 14, type from 10 km.
E Platanito, San Luis Potosí.</p>
<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Distribution in Tamaulipas.</i>—Known only from Rancho del
Cielo (Hooper, 1953:8).</p></div>
<h3>Oryzomys fulvescens<br />
<span class="fwn">Pygmy Rice Rat</span></h3>
<p>The pygmy rice rat in Tamaulipas was collected in grass. Two kilometers
west of El Carrizo in grass around a sugar cane field, traps, baited
with scraps of deer meat, caught <i>Oryzomys fulvescens</i>,<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_438" id="Page_438">[Pg 438]</a></span> <i>Sigmodon
hispidus</i>, <i>Peromyscus leucopus</i> and <i>Liomys irroratus</i>. Seven
kilometers north of Tampico, <i>O. fulvescens</i> was taken along with
<i>Peromyscus leucopus</i>, <i>Sigmodon hispidus</i> and <i>Baiomys taylori</i>.</p>
<p>A female obtained on March 2, at Rancho Pano Ayuctle, had 4 embryos 16
mm. in crown-rump length.</p>
<h3>Oryzomys fulvescens fulvescens <span class="fwn">(Saussure)</span></h3>
<p class="i3">1860. <i>H[esperomys]. fulvescens</i> Saussure, Revue et Mag.
Zool., Paris, ser. 2, 12:102, March, type from Veracruz;
fixed by Merriam (Proc. Washington Acad. Sci., 3:295, July
26, 1901) at Orizaba.</p>
<p class="i3">1897. <i>Oryzomys fulvescens</i>, J. A. Allen and Chapman, Bull.
Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 9:204, June 16.</p>
<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Distribution in Tamaulipas.</i>—Reported only from Rancho del
Cielo (Goodwin, 1954:10).</p></div>
<h3>Oryzomys fulvescens engracie <span class="fwn">Osgood</span></h3>
<p class="i3">1945. <i>Oryzomys fulvescens engracie</i> Osgood, Jour. Mamm.,
26:300, November 14, type from Hacienda Santa Engracia (32
km. N), NW of Cd. Victoria, Tamaulipas.</p>
<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Distribution in Tamaulipas.</i>—Central and southeast parts
of state.</p>
<p><i>Records of occurrence.</i>—Specimens examined, 13: 2 km. W El
Carrizo, 5; Rancho Pano Ayuctle, 25 mi. N, 3 km. W El Mante,
6; 10 km. N, 8 km. W El Encino, 1; 7 km. N Tampico, 1.</p>
<p>Additional record: Altamira (Osgood, 1945:300).</p></div>
<h3>Reithrodontomys megalotis hooperi <span class="fwn">Goodwin</span><br />
<span class="fwn">Western Harvest Mouse</span></h3>
<p class="i3">1954. <i>Reithrodontomys megalotis hooperi</i> Goodwin, Amer.
Mus. Novit., 1660:1, May 25, type from Rancho del Cielo, 5
mi. NW Gómez Farías, 3500 ft., Tamaulipas.</p>
<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Distribution in Tamaulipas.</i>—Known only from type
locality.</p></div>
<h3>Reithrodontomys fulvescens<br />
<span class="fwn">Fulvous Harvest Mouse</span></h3>
<p>This is the most common species of <i>Reithrodontomys</i> in Tamaulipas; it
occurs in almost all parts of the state, from sea level to high up in
the mountains and from the tropical forest to the desert plain.</p>
<p>The three subspecies in the state are <i>R. f. intermedias</i> in the
northern half, <i>R. f. griseoflavus</i> in the high parts of the Sierra
Madre Oriental, and <i>R. f. tropicalis</i> in the southeast. The lines
between these subspecies are difficult to establish because the zones
of intergradation are broad. Characters for separating the three
subspecies in Tamaulipas are listed by Hooper (1952).</p>
<h3>Reithrodontomys fulvescens griseoflavus <span class="fwn">Merriam</span></h3>
<p class="i3">1901. <i>Reithrodontomys griseoflavus</i> Merriam, Proc.
Washington Acad. Sci., 3:553, November 29, type from Ameca,
4000 ft., Jalisco.</p><p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_439" id="Page_439">[Pg 439]</a></span></p>
<p class="i3">1952. <i>Reithrodontomys fulvescens griseoflavus</i>, Hooper,
Miscl. Publ. Mus. Zool., Univ. Michigan, 77:98, January 16.</p>
<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Distribution in Tamaulipas.</i>—Known only from Jaumave.</p></div>
<p>Only specimens from Jaumave are clearly <i>R. f. griseoflavus</i>; all
others east of this locality are intergrades between <i>griseoflavus</i> and
<i>tropicalis</i>, under which latter subspecies they are included. In
<i>griseoflavus</i> the tail is longer in relation to the head and body,
141.2 (135-153) per cent, than in the other two subspecies that occur
in Tamaulipas. The average weight of 14 males was 14 (12-16) grams.</p>
<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Record of occurrence.</i>—Specimens examined, 15, from
Jaumave, 2400 ft.</p></div>
<h3>Reithrodontomys fulvescens intermedius <span class="fwn">J. A. Allen</span></h3>
<p class="i3">1895. <i>Reithrodontomys mexicanus intermedius</i> J. A. Allen,
Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 7:136, May 21, type from
Brownsville, Cameron Co., Texas.</p>
<p class="i3">1914. <i>Reithrodontomys fulvescens intermedius</i>, A. H.
Howell, N. Amer. Fauna, 36:47, June 5.</p>
<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Distribution in Tamaulipas.</i>—Northern half of state.</p></div>
<p>No specimen of this subspecies has been examined. Jones and Anderson
(1958:447) reported specimens from Rancho Pano Ayuctle as <i>R. f.
intermedius</i>, but here those same specimens are assigned to <i>R. f.
tropicalis</i>. J. A. Allen (1891:223) recorded specimens from Santa
Teresa as <i>Ochetodon mexicanus</i>. According to Hooper (1952:142) that
name was used by Allen for <i>R. fulvescens</i>. Allen's specimens from
Santa Teresa are here referred to <i>R. f. intermedius</i> on geographic
grounds.</p>
<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Records</i> (Hooper, 1952:108): Camargo, 200 ft.; 20 mi. S
Reynosa, Charco Escondido; Matamoros, 30 ft.; 7.5 mi. S
Matamoros; 29 mi. S Cd. Victoria, 800 ft.; Hacienda Santa
Engracia, 800 ft.; Santa Teresa (50 mi. SW Matamoros);
Sierra San Carlos (El Mulato, Tamaulipeca, 1500 ft.).</p></div>
<h3>Reithrodontomys fulvescens tropicalis <span class="fwn">Davis</span></h3>
<p class="i3">1944. <i>Reithrodontomys fulvescens tropicalis</i> Davis, Jour.
Mamm., 25:393, December 12, type from Boca del Río, 8 km. S
city of Veracruz, Veracruz.</p>
<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Distribution in Tamaulipas.</i>—Tropical area in southeastern
part of state.</p></div>
<p>Most of the specimens examined of <i>R. fulvescens</i> are included in this
subspecies, principally because of their reddish coloration that is
characteristic of <i>R. f. tropicalis</i>. According to the original
description by Davis (1944:393) this subspecies is smaller than
<i>griseoflavus</i> and the posterior border of the incisive foramina
terminate anterior to the plane of the molars. But, these
characteristics are not found in any specimen examined from Tamaulipas
and the average of external measurements is more than those given by
Hooper (1952:109) for <i>tropicalis</i>. Of all specimens from Tamaulipas,
those from the vicinity of Altamira and Tampico are most nearly typical
of<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_440" id="Page_440">[Pg 440]</a></span> <i>tropicalis</i>. Weights of seven males and five females, from the
Sierra de Tamaulipas, were, respectively, 13 (11-15), and 11 (9-14)
grams.</p>
<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Records of occurrence.</i>—Specimens examined, 51: Rancho
Santa Rosa, 25 km. N, 13 km. W Cd. Victoria, 1; Cd.
Victoria, 3; Sierra de Tamaulipas, 10 mi. W, 2 mi. S Piedra,
1200 ft., 12; 2 km. W El Carrizo, 1; Ejido Santa Isabel, 2
km. W Pan-American Highway, 2000 ft., 14; Rancho Pano
Ayuctle, 25 mi. N, 3 km. W El Mante, 300 ft., 4; Rancho Pano
Ayuctle, 6 mi. N Gómez Farías, 300 ft., 4; 6 mi. N, 6 mi. W
Altamira, 2; 1 mi. S Altamira, 3; 16 km. N Tampico, 3; 7 km.
N Tampico, 4.</p>
<p>Additional records: Hidalgo (Hooper, 1952:110); 5 mi. NE
Gómez Farías, 1100 ft. (<i>ibid.</i>); La Azteca, 5 km. NNE Gómez
Farías (Goodwin, 1954:11); Gómez Farías (<i>ibid.</i>); Antiguo
Morelos (Hooper, 1952:110); 2 mi. W Tampico (Ingles,
1959:396).</p></div>
<h3>Reithrodontomys mexicanus mexicanus <span class="fwn">(Saussure)</span><br />
<span class="fwn">Mexican Harvest Mouse</span></h3>
<p class="i3">1860. <i>R[eithrodon]. mexicanus</i> Saussure, Revue et Mag.
Zool., Paris, ser. 2, 12:109, type from mountains of
Veracruz; restricted to Mirador, Veracruz, by Hooper, Miscl.
Publ. Mus. Zool., Univ. Michigan, 77:140, January 16.</p>
<p class="i3">1914, <i>Reithrodontomys mexicanus mexicanus</i>, A. H. Howell,
N. Amer. Fauna, 36:70, June 5. Not <i>Reithrodontomys
mexicanus</i> (Saussure), being instead of J. A. Allen,
1895:135, which in part equalled <i>Reithrodontomys fulvescens
difficilis</i>.</p>
<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Distribution in Tamaulipas.</i>—Known from two localities,
but probably occurs in all tropical areas in south part of
state.</p></div>
<p>As noted before, J. A. Allen (1891:223) reported specimens from Rancho
Santa Rosa as <i>Ochetodon mexicanus</i>, but he used this name for the
species now known as <i>R. fulvescens</i>.</p>
<p>The specimen examined, previously reported by Jones and Anderson
(1958:447), represents the northernmost occurrence of the species.</p>
<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Records of occurrence.</i>—One specimen examined from Rancho
Pano Ayuctle, 6 mi. N Gómez Farías, 300 ft.</p>
<p>Additional record: Rancho del Cielo, 3500 ft. (Hooper,
1952:144).</p></div>
<h3>Peromyscus maniculatus blandus <span class="fwn">Osgood</span><br />
<span class="fwn">Deer Mouse</span></h3>
<p class="i3">1904. <i>Peromyscus sonoriensis blandus</i> Osgood, Proc. Biol.
Soc. Washington, 17:56, March 21, type from Escalón,
Chihuahua.</p>
<p class="i3">1909. <i>Peromyscus maniculatus blandus</i> Osgood, N. Amer.
Fauna, 28:84, April 17.</p>
<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Distribution in Tamaulipas.</i>—Reported only from Miquihuana
(Osgood, 1909:86).</p></div>
<h3>Peromyscus melanotis <span class="fwn">J. A. Allen and Chapman</span><br />
<span class="fwn">Black-eared Mouse</span></h3>
<p class="i3">1897. <i>Peromyscus melanotis</i> J. A. Allen and Chapman, Bull.
Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 9:203, June 16, type from Las Vigas,
Veracruz.</p>
<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Distribution in Tamaulipas.</i>—Known only from Miquihuana
(Osgood, 1909:112).</p></div><p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_441" id="Page_441">[Pg 441]</a></span></p>
<h3>Peromyscus leucopus texanus <span class="fwn">(Woodhouse)</span><br />
<span class="fwn">White-footed Mouse</span></h3>
<p class="i3">1853. <i>Hesperomys texana</i> Woodhouse, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci.
Philadelphia, 6:242, type probably from vicinity of Mason,
Mason Co., Texas.</p>
<p class="i3">1909. <i>Peromyscus leucopus texanus</i>, Osgood, N. Amer. Fauna,
28:127, April 17.</p>
<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Distribution in Tamaulipas.</i>—Over all of state.</p></div>
<p>This is the most common species of the genus <i>Peromyscus</i> in
Tamaulipas. It and <i>Liomys irroratus</i> are the two rodents most easily
trapped throughout the state. In general <i>P. l. texanus</i> occurs in
forested and brushy areas especially under 1200 feet in elevation, as
was noted in the Sierra de Tamaulipas, where <i>P. l. texanus</i> was taken
commonly at elevations of up to 1200 feet. Above this elevation the
species was rare and <i>P. pectoralis</i> and <i>P. boylii</i> were more abundant
than at lower elevations. The three specimens of <i>P. l. texanus</i> from
12 kilometers north and four kilometers west of Ciudad Victoria were
trapped in a line of 110 traps set near tree stumps. Small burrows in
the ground were noted here. The forest at this locality was composed of
mesquite, ebony, acacias, a few yuccas and "nopales" (= cactuses); the
ground was covered by cat claw.</p>
<p>Of the many young taken, 15 specimens were saved from Ejido Santa
Isabel where <i>P. leucopus</i> was abundant in an area of chaparral
consisting of wild "tomate," "zapote," "huizache" and "salvadora." Most
of the specimens caught at this locality were taken between 7:30 and
9:30 p. m. in traps baited with a mixture of rolled oats, peanut butter
and banana. Specimens from 53 kilometers north of El Limón were taken
along with <i>Liomys irroratus</i>; the specimen from two kilometers west of
El Carrizo was trapped near a dead mesquite log. <i>Reitrodontomys
fulvescens</i> was taken in the same area. Four specimens of <i>P. leucopus</i>
were taken at Rancho Pano Ayuctle, around a big pile of old firewood in
an abandoned sugar mill. At the locality six miles north and six miles
west of Altamira, <i>P. leucopus</i> was found in cultivated fields and
along the grassy roadsides; in the vicinity of Tampico specimens were
taken in an area of forested cactus-thorn. The specimen from seven
kilometers south and two kilometers west of San Fernando was found in a
trap set at the base of "nopal" cactus, which was surrounded by bushes
and small trees (10-12 feet high).</p>
<p>Breeding records are as follows: Rancho Pano Ayuctle, on February 15,
one female carried 2 embryos of 23 mm. in crown-rump length; Jaumave,
July 26 to 29, five females, averaging 4.6 (3-6) embryos of 7 (3-15)
mm., two females lactating, one on May 25 and the other on July 26;
Ejido Santa Isabel, on January 20 to 25, three<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_442" id="Page_442">[Pg 442]</a></span> females lactating; Soto
la Marina, on May 16, one female lactating.</p>
<p>Average weights were as follows: from Jaumave four pregnant females,
28.0 (25-33), eight males, 23.4 (21-27); from the Sierra de Tamaulipas,
eight females non-pregnant, 21.2 (18-26), 14 males, 22.0 (19-27); from
6 mi. N, 6 mi. W Altamira, six males, 23.5 (21-27).</p>
<p>All specimens examined from Tamaulipas are assigned to <i>P. l. texanus</i>
because their coloration is pale. Even so the color varies some
according to locality; specimens from Rancho Pano Ayuctle and the
Sierra de Tamaulipas have much of the cinnamon color that is
characteristic of <i>P. l. incensus</i> from farther south, but even so
specimens from the two localities last mentioned are paler than those
from Veracruz that are typical <i>incensus</i>.</p>
<p>Goldman (1942:158) reported specimens from Altamira as <i>P. l.
incensus</i>, in which subspecies Ingles (1959:397) included specimens
from two miles west of Tampico, but specimens examined from the same
area do not differ from individuals from far north thereof; for this
reason I identify specimens from these localities as <i>texanus</i>. Osgood
(1909:131) and Hooper (1953:7) also referred specimens from the
southern part of Tamaulipas to <i>texanus</i>. These two authors examined
156 specimens and did not find any intergradation between <i>texanus</i> and
<i>incensus</i>, but to me, the cinnamon tones of specimens from Rancho Pano
Ayuctle and the Sierra de Tamaulipas, suggest intergradation between
the two subspecies.</p>
<p>Osgood's (1909:265) measurements of <i>P. l. texanus</i>, from Brownsville,
Texas, and those of 40 specimens from different localities in
Tamaulipas are about the same except that the anterior palatine
foramina average longer in Tamaulipas. Baker's (1956:262) specimens
from Coahuila, averaged larger even than Tamaulipan specimens. Another
difference between Osgood's measurements and Baker's was the shorter
3.4 (3.0-3.7) maxillary tooth-row in Tamaulipan specimens.</p>
<p>Hooper (1953:7) recorded specimens from General Terán, as in
Tamaulipas; actually this locality is in Nuevo León.</p>
<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Records of occurrence.</i>—Specimens examined, 149: 4.5 mi. S
Nuevo Laredo, 1; 3 mi. SE Reynosa, 2; 7 km. S, 2 km. W San
Fernando, 1; Villa Mainero, 1700 ft., 1; Rancho Santa Rosa,
25 km. N, 13 km. W Cd. Victoria, 260 m., 2; 9.5 mi. SW
Padilla, 800 ft., 2; 15 mi. N Cd. Victoria, 2; 4 mi. N La
Pesca, 1; Soto la Marina, 11; La Pesca, 1; 12 km. N, 4 km. W
Cd. Victoria, 3; 7 km. NE Cd. Victoria, 1; Sierra de
Tamaulipas, 10 mi. W, and 2 mi. S Piedra, 1200 ft., 31;
Ejido Eslabones, 10 mi. W, 2 mi. S Piedra, 1200 ft., 6;
Jaumave, 20; Ejido Santa Isabel, 2 km. W Pan-American
Highway, 2000 ft., 15; 53 km. N El Limón, 12 km. S Río
Guayalejo, 5; Rancho Pano Ayuctle, 25 mi. N El Mante, 3 km.
W Highway, 300 ft., 16; Rancho Pano Ayuctle, 6 mi. N Gómez
Farías, 300 ft., 7; 8 km. W, 10 km. N El Encino, 400 ft., 3;
8 mi. N Tula, 4500 ft., 2; 2 km. W El<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_443" id="Page_443">[Pg 443]</a></span> Carrizo, 3; 6 mi. N,
6 mi. W Altamira, 9; 16 km. N Tampico, 1; 7 km. N Tampico,
3.</p>
<p>Additional records (Osgood, 1909:131, unless otherwise
noted): Nuevo Laredo; Mier; Camargo; near Bagdad; Sierra San
Carlos (Hooper, 1953:7); Matamoros-Victoria Highway
(<i>ibid.</i>); Charco Escondido (Baird, 1858:464); Hidalgo; Cd.
Victoria; 10 mi. NE Zamorina (Hooper, 1953:7); Gómez Farías
(Goodwin, 1954:12); Chamal (<i>ibid.</i>); Tula (Hooper, 1953:7);
Antiguo Morelos (<i>ibid.</i>); Altamira (Goldman, 1942:158); 2
mi. W Tampico (Ingles, 1959:397); Tampico.</p></div>
<h3>Peromyscus boylii<br />
<span class="fwn">Brush Mouse</span></h3>
<p>Specimens examined were obtained at higher elevations in the oak-tree
zone of the Sierras in traps set among rocks, trees and in grassy
areas. <i>Peromyscus boylii</i> was trapped in the same area as was <i>P.
pectoralis</i> and no habitat distinction between the two was noted. Some
behavioral differences, however, are pointed out in the account of <i>P.
pectoralis</i>. Morphological differences between these two species in
Tamaulipas were reported by Hooper (1952:372).</p>
<p>A female taken on August 5 in the Sierra Madre Oriental carried two
embryos 15 mm. in crown-rump length.</p>
<p>For the taxonomic status of <i>P. boylii</i> in Tamaulipas see Alvarez
(1961).</p>
<h3>Peromyscus boylii ambiguus <span class="fwn">Alvarez</span></h3>
<p class="i3">1961. <i>Peromyscus boylii ambiguus</i> Alvarez, Univ. Kansas
Publ. Mus. Nat. Hist., 14:118, December 29, type from
Monterrey, Nuevo León.</p>
<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Distribution in Tamaulipas.</i>—Known only from the Sierra
San Carlos.</p>
<p><i>Record of occurrence.</i>—Specimens examined, 7 (UMMZ), all
from La Vegonia, Sierra San Carlos.</p></div>
<h3>Peromyscus boylii levipes <span class="fwn">Merriam</span></h3>
<p class="i3">1898. <i>Peromyscus levipes</i> Merriam, Proc. Biol. Soc.
Washington, 12:123, April 30, type from Mt. Malinche, 8400
ft., Tlaxcala.</p>
<p class="i3">1909. <i>Peromyscus boylii levipes</i>, Osgood, N. Amer. Fauna,
28:153, April 17.</p>
<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Distribution in Tamaulipas.</i>—Central and southern parts of
state.</p></div>
<p>Weights of 19 males and 18 females from the Sierra Madre Oriental are,
respectively, 25.2 (22-30) and 23.6 (20-29); weights of eight males and
five females from the Sierra de Tamaulipas are 24.9 (22-32) and 29.6
(24-31).</p>
<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Records of occurrence.</i>—Specimens examined, 54: Sierra
Madre Oriental, 8 mi. S, 6 mi. W Victoria, 4000 ft., 37; 5
mi. S, 3 mi. W Victoria, 1900 ft., 2; Ejido Eslabones, 10
mi. W, 2 mi. S Piedra, 1200 ft., 1; Sierra de Tamaulipas, 11
mi. W, 8 mi. S Piedra, 2000 ft., 13; 2 km. W El Carrizo, 1.</p>
<p>Additional records: Rancho del Cielo (Hooper, 1953:7); 3 mi.
NW Acuña (<i>ibid.</i>); Rancho Viejo (Goodwin, 1954:12); Santa
María (<i>ibid.</i>); Joya de Salas (<i>ibid.</i>).</p></div>
<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_444" id="Page_444">[Pg 444]</a></span></p>
<h3>Peromyscus pectoralis<br />
<span class="fwn">White-ankled Mouse</span></h3>
<p><i>Peromyscus pectoralis</i> and <i>P. boylii</i> are closely related
morphologically and seem to occupy the same habitat. In the Sierra
Madre Oriental, according to the field notes of the collector
(Heinrich, June 6 to August 5, 1953), individuals of <i>P. pectoralis</i>
had a pinkish coloration on the mouth and forefeet produced by the
juice of the "nopal" cactus fruit, on which obviously the mice feed,
whereas only a few specimens of <i>boylii</i> were thus discolored. It was
noted that <i>boylii</i> was feeding on acorns. Furthermore, the two species
may differ in time of breeding; in August, males of <i>pectoralis</i> had
the testes well developed when those organs were small in <i>boylii</i>
collected at the same locality.</p>
<p>A specimen from 53 kilometers north of El Limón, was shot at a height
of 10 feet on a concrete underpass. Other specimens were taken in a
trap line that yielded <i>Peromyscus boylii</i>, <i>P. leucopus</i> and <i>Liomys
irroratus</i>.</p>
<p>Two subspecies of <i>P. pectoralis</i> occur in Tamaulipas: <i>P. p. collinus</i>
is widely distributed in the central and western parts of the state and
<i>P. p. eremicoides</i> occurs only in the western "corner" of the state.</p>
<h3>Peromyscus pectoralis collinus <span class="fwn">Hooper</span></h3>
<p class="i3">1952. <i>Peromyscus pectoralis collinus</i> Hooper, Jour. Mamm.,
33:372, August 19, type from San José, 2000 ft., Sierra San
Carlos, 12 mi. NW San Carlos, Tamaulipas.</p>
<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Distribution in Tamaulipas.</i>—Along the central and western
mountains.</p></div>
<p>A female obtained on January 21 at a place 53 kilometers north of El
Limón, contained three embryos. A lactating female was taken on August
2 in the Sierra Madre Oriental. Males, as previously noted, had
well-developed testes in August. The weights of 17 males and 20 females
from the Sierra de Tamaulipas were, respectively, 26.6 (24-33), and
25.6 (21-31) grams.</p>
<p>Measurements of specimens from different localities in Tamaulipas
averaged about the same, except that those of specimens from Palmillas,
averaged smaller. The small size suggests intergradation between the
subspecies <i>collinus</i> and <i>eremicoides</i>. The latter occurs to the west
and differs from <i>collinus</i> in smaller size, more grayish coloration,
completely white tarsal joint and relatively longer tail. Hooper
(1952:374) reported specimens from Jaumave as intergrades between the
two subspecies before mentioned and Osgood (1909:164) identified two
specimens from there as <i>eremicoides</i>. In the<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_445" id="Page_445">[Pg 445]</a></span> present account,
individuals from Palmillas and Jaumave are referred to <i>collinus</i>.</p>
<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Records of occurrence.</i>—Specimens examined, 101: 7 km. SW
La Purisima, 1; Sierra Madre Oriental, 5 mi. S, 3 mi. W
Victoria, 1900 ft., 12; Sierra Madre Oriental, 8 mi. S, 6
mi. W Victoria, 4000 ft., 16; Sierra de Tamaulipas, 2 mi. S,
10 mi. W Piedra, 1200 ft., 36; Sierra de Tamaulipas, 3 mi.
S, 14 mi. W Piedra, 1200 ft., 14; 14 mi. N, 6 mi. W
Palmillas, 5500 ft., 1; Palmillas, 4400 ft., 3; 53 km. N El
Limón, 12 km. S Río Guayalejo, 5; Joya Verde, 35 km. SW
Victoria, 3800 ft., 9; 10 km. N, 8 km. El Encino, 400 ft.,
1; 8 km. NE Antiguo Morelos, 500 ft., 3.</p>
<p>Additional records (Hooper, 1952:374, unless otherwise
noted): Sierra San Carlos (Marmolejo, 1700 ft., San José,
2000 ft., Tamaulipeca, 1500 ft., La Vegonia, 2900 ft.);
Villagran, 1300 ft.; Cd. Victoria; near Jaumave, 2400 ft.;
Sierra de Tamaulipas, near Acuña, 1600 ft.; La Joya de Salas
(Goodwin, 1954:12).</p></div>
<h3>Peromyscus pectoralis eremicoides <span class="fwn">Osgood</span></h3>
<p class="i3">1904. <i>Peromyscus attwateri eremicoides</i> Osgood, Proc. Biol.
Soc. Washington, 17:60, March 21, type from Mapimi, Durango.</p>
<p class="i3">1909. <i>Peromyscus pectoralis eremicoides</i>, Lyon and Osgood,
Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 62:128, January 28.</p>
<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Distribution in Tamaulipas.</i>—Known only from Miquihuana
and vicinity of Tula.</p></div>
<p>The two specimens from Miquihuana are typical <i>P. pectoralis
eremicoides</i> in external and cranial measurements. Specimens from nine
miles southwest of Tula are characteristic of <i>eremicoides</i> in cranial
measurements but the tail is shorter than usual for this subspecies, in
this respect approaching <i>P. p. lacianus</i>.</p>
<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Measurements.</i>—Average and extreme measurements of 10
specimens from nine miles southwest of Tula and measurements
of two males (56169, 56415) from Miquihuana are,
respectively, as follows: 181.5 (173-197), 180, 197; 96.2;
(87-110), 103, 113; 20.2 (19.0-21.5), 21, 21; 18.1
(16.5-19.0), 18, —; greatest length of skull, 24.8
(24.1-25.6), 25.5, 25.6; length of nasals, 9.0 (8.6-9.3),
9.3, 9.3; zygomatic breadth, 12.2 (11.7-12.8), 12.3, 12.9;
interorbital constriction, 3.8 (3.7-4.0), 3.7, 3.9; length
of maxillary tooth-row, 3.6 (3.5-3.7), 3.6, 3.8. Weights of
the 10 specimens from nine miles southwest of Tula average
17.9 (16-24) grams.</p>
<p><i>Records of occurrence.</i>—Specimens examined, 28:
Miquihuana, 6200 ft., 2; Nicolás, 56 km. NW Tula, 5500 ft.,
1; Tajada, 23 mi. NW Tula, 5200 ft., 1; 8 mi. N Tula, 4500
ft., 2; 9 mi. SW Tula, 3900 ft., 19; 17 mi. SW Tula, 3900
ft., 3.</p></div>
<h3>Peromyscus melanophrys consobrinus <span class="fwn">Osgood</span><br />
<span class="fwn">Plateau Mouse</span></h3>
<p class="i3">1904. <i>Peromyscus melanophrys consobrinus</i> Osgood, Proc.
Biol. Soc. Washington, 17:66, March 21, type from
Berriozabal, Zacatecas.</p>
<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Distribution in Tamaulipas.</i>—Mexican Plateau part of
state.</p></div>
<p>A lactating female caught on July 20 and four males from Miquihuana
weighed, respectively, 51, and 50.2 (47-54) grams. A female, taken on
July 24, 14 miles north and six miles west of Palmillas in a valley
covered by mesquite and other bushes, had 3 embryos 10 mm.<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_446" id="Page_446">[Pg 446]</a></span> in
crown-rump length, and weighed 60 grams. One specimen from nine miles
southwest of Tula was caught in an outcrop of rocks and two others were
taken among bushes on the desert. A female on October 10 carried 4
embryos 2 mm. in crown-rump length.</p>
<p>Specimens of <i>P. melanophrys</i> here listed are the first to be reported
from Tamaulipas. They are assigned to the subspecies <i>consobrinus</i> on
the basis of dark color and because their size closely corresponds to
that of the holotype. The specimen from the vicinity of Palmillas and
one from Miquihuana (56408) are larger than the others and grayish.</p>
<p>A specimen (56413) from Miquihuana lacks all the molariform teeth. Its
alveoli in one maxilla are closed and those in the opposite maxilla are
more open than is normal.</p>
<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Measurements.</i>—Average and extreme measurements of four
males, two females (56413, 56408) from Miquihuana, and a
female (56414) from 14 miles north and 6 miles west of
Palmillas, are, respectively, as follows: total length (two
males only), 249, 245, 265, 247, 280; length of tail
vertebrae (two males only), 137, 134, 141, 131, 157; length
of hind foot, 26.7 (26-27), 27, 27, 27; ear from notch, 23.7
(23-24), 25, 24, 25; greatest length of skull, 30.3
(29.5-31.0), 31.2, 31.8, 32.2; interorbital constriction,
4.8 (4.7-4.9), 4.9, 4.8, 5.0; length of palatine slits, 6.6
(6.2-6.8), 6.9, 6.9, 6.8; length of diastema, 8.1 (8.0-8.3),
—, 8.5, 8.5; alveolar length of maxillary tooth-row, 4.5
(4.3-4.7), —, 4.3, 4.6.</p>
<p><i>Records of occurrence.</i>—Specimens examined, 16:
Miquihuana, 6200 ft., 6; 14 mi. N, 6 mi. W Palmillas, 5500
ft., 1; Nicolás, 56 km. NW Tula, 5500 ft., 6; 9 mi. SW Tula,
3900 ft., 3.</p></div>
<h3>Peromyscus difficilis petricola <span class="fwn">Hoffmeister and de la Torre</span><br />
<span class="fwn">Zacatecan Deer Mouse</span></h3>
<p class="i3">1959. <i>Peromyscus difficilis petricola</i> Hoffmeister and de
la Torre, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 72:167, November 4,
type from 12 mi. E San Antonio de las Alazanas, 9000 ft.,
Coahuila.</p>
<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Distribution in Tamaulipas.</i>—Westernmost part of state.</p></div>
<p>The three specimens from Miquihuana were collected among rocks and
stumps, in an oak forest. The specimens from 20 miles north of Tula
were collected after midnight on a hillside covered mainly with juniper
brush. A female (October 11) carried 3 embryos 26 mm. in crown-rump
length.</p>
<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Records of occurrence.</i>—Specimens examined, 6: Miquihuana,
8500 ft., 3; 20 mi. N Tula, 5800 ft., 3.</p></div>
<h3>Peromyscus ochraventer <span class="fwn">Baker</span><br />
<span class="fwn">El Carrizo Deer Mouse</span></h3>
<p class="i3">1951. <i>Peromyscus ochraventer</i> Baker, Univ. Kansas Publ.,
Mus. Nat. Hist., 5:213, December 15, type from 70 km. (by
highway) S Ciudad Victoria, 6 km. W Pan-American Highway at
El Carrizo, Tamaulipas.</p>
<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Distribution in Tamaulipas.</i>—Vicinity of the type
locality.</p></div><p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_447" id="Page_447">[Pg 447]</a></span></p>
<p>The series of specimens examined was the same used by the original
describer of the species. He (1951:214-215) pointed out that the mice
were taken in junglelike forest among rocks and adjacent to logs.
Burrows extended beneath large blocks of limestone, and each burrow
where a mouse was caught was marked by a pile of excavated earth
resembling a tiny mound left by a pocket gopher. These burrows were at
an elevation of approximately 2800 feet above sea level on the steep
sides of a small hill in an area where the vegetation was intermediate
between that of the arid and humid subdivisions of the tropical region.
Each of two females, captured on January 13, carried five placental
scars; one of the females was lactating.</p>
<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Records of occurrence.</i>—Specimens examined, 24, from the
type locality.</p>
<p>Additional records (Goodwin, 1954:12): Gómez Farías; Rancho
del Cielo; Joya de Salas.</p></div>
<h3>Baiomys taylori taylori <span class="fwn">(Thomas)</span><br />
<span class="fwn">Northern Pygmy Mouse</span></h3>
<p class="i3">1887. <i>Hesperomys (Vesperimus) taylori</i> Thomas, Ann. Mag.
Nat. Hist., ser. 5, 19:66, January, type from San Diego,
Duval Co., Texas.</p>
<p class="i3">1907. <i>Baiomys taylori</i> Mearns, U. S. Nat. Mus., Bull.
56:381, April 13.</p>
<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Distribution in Tamaulipas.</i>—All of state, except
southwestern desert part.</p></div>
<p>The species of this genus have been revised recently by Packard (1960)
and the specimens from Tamaulipas are arranged according to his
systematic findings. The weight of 35 specimens labeled with reference
to Altamira are 7.6 (6.0-9.0) grams; 15 from Jaumave weigh 6.9
(6.0-9.0) grams. Pregnant females were collected as follows: February
22, Ejido Santa Isabel, 3 (embryos x 4 mm. in crown-rump length); March
2, Rancho Pano Ayuctle, 6 x 16; July 9, six miles north and six miles
west of Altamira, 1 x 4; July 28 and 29, Jaumave, 2 x 8 and 3 x 9. The
average number of embryos was 2.8 (1-5).</p>
<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Records of occurrence.</i>—Specimens examined, 83: 4 mi. N La
Pesca, 1; Cd. Victoria, 3; Jaumave, 2400 ft., 17; Ejido
Santa Isabel, 2 km. W Pan-American Highway, 2000 ft., 7;
Rancho Pano Ayuctle, 25 mi. N, 3 km. W El Mante, 300 ft., 4;
Rancho Pano Ayuctle, 6 mi. N Gómez Farías, 300 ft., 1; Río
Sabinas, 8 km. N El Encino, 400 ft., 1; 2 km. W El Carrizo,
2; 6 mi. N, 6 mi. W Altamira, 33; 5 mi. N, 5 mi. W Altamira,
4; 1 mi. S Altamira, 3; 16 km. N Tampico, 4; 10 mi. NW
Tampico, 1; 7 mi. S Altamira, 1; 1 km. N Tampico, 1.</p>
<p>Additional records (Packard, 1960:654): Camargo; Charco
Escondido, 20 mi. S Reynosa; Matamoras (= Matamoros);
Hidalgo; 29 mi. N Cd. Victoria; Antiguo Morelos.</p></div>
<h3>Onychomys leucogaster longipes <span class="fwn">Merriam</span><br />
<span class="fwn">Northern Grasshopper Mouse</span></h3>
<p class="i3">1889. <i>Onychomys longipes</i> Merriam, N. Amer. Fauna, 2:1,
October 30, type from Concho County, Texas.</p>
<p class="i3">1913. <i>Onychomys leucogaster longipes</i>, Hollister, Proc.
Biol. Soc. Washington, 26:216, December 20.</p>
<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_448" id="Page_448">[Pg 448]</a></span></p>
<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Distribution in Tamaulipas.</i>—From Ciudad Victoria
northward.</p></div>
<p>Only a young female was examined; she weighed 22 grams and extends the
known range 59 miles eastward from Ciudad Victoria.</p>
<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Record of occurrence.</i>—One specimen examined from Soto la
Marina, 500 ft.</p>
<p>Additional records (Hollister, 1914:253): Camargo; Reynosa;
[Cd.] Victoria.</p></div>
<h3>Onychomys torridus subrufus <span class="fwn">Hollister</span><br />
<span class="fwn">Southern Grasshopper Mouse</span></h3>
<p class="i3">1914. <i>Onychomys torridus subrufus</i> Hollister, Proc. U. S.
Nat. Mus., 47:472, October 29, type from Miquihuana,
Tamaulipas.</p>
<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Distribution in Tamaulipas.</i>—West of Sierra Madre
Oriental.</p></div>
<p>The six specimens examined were collected in the desert area west of
the Sierra Madre Oriental. At Nicolás a trap set in front of a hole
held one specimen, and another was trapped beneath a brush fence that
inclosed a cornfield. <i>Dipodomys merriami</i> and <i>Perognathus
penicillatus</i> also were trapped beneath the fence.</p>
<p>A subadult from Nicolás is slightly larger (see measurements) than
either of two subadults from four miles north of Jaumave and an old
specimen from eight miles north of Tula, except in the interorbital
constriction, which is narrower. Nevertheless measurements of
Tamaulipan <i>Onychomys torridus</i> resemble those given by Hollister
(1914:483) for <i>O. t. subrufus</i>. A specimen from Nicolás is also darker
than other individuals examined.</p>
<p>A female taken on July 15, four miles north of Jaumave, was lactating.</p>
<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Measurements.</i>—Measurements of a female from Nicolás, a
male from eight miles north of Tula, and a female and a male
from four miles north of Jaumave are as follows: 158, 147,
145, 144; 59, 58, 55, 55; 22, 21, 22, 22; 21, 20.5, 18, 18;
condylobasal length, 24.4, 23.1, 23.9, 23.7; interorbital
constriction, 4.1, 4.4, 4.3, 4.5; length of nasals, 10.6,
10.5, 10.5, 10.1; length of maxillary tooth-*row, 3.8, 3.6,
3.7, 3.7; breadth of braincase, 11.8, 11.3, 11.3, 11.0;
weight in grams, 32.5, 26.0, 25.0, 25.0.</p>
<p><i>Records of occurrence.</i>—Specimens examined, 6: 4 mi. N
Jaumave, 2; Nicolás, 56 km. NW Tula, 5500 ft., 2; Tajada, 23
mi. NW Tula, 5200 ft., 1; 8 mi. N Tula, 4500 ft., 1.</p>
<p>Additional records (Hollister, 1914:475): Miquihuana;
Jaumave.</p></div>
<h3>Sigmodon hispidus<br />
<span class="fwn">Hispid Cotton Rat</span></h3>
<p>This species, as is known, is active by day and by night. It occurs
mainly in grassy areas and most of the specimens examined were trapped
there. But, one mile east of La Pesca, specimens were taken on a beach
having sparse grass. <i>Neotoma micropus</i> and <i>Spermophilus spilosoma</i>,
but no smaller rodents, were taken there. Also, many crabs were found
in the traps. Possibly only the relatively<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_449" id="Page_449">[Pg 449]</a></span> large rodents are able to
compete successfully with the crabs. The specimen from one kilometer
east of El Barretal was caught in a rat-trap set in front of small hole
in a fence of dead brush that surrounded a cornfield. The area outside
the fence supported mesquite and ebony trees (10-12 feet high) and the
ground was covered with cat claw. Six miles north and six miles west of
Altamira, the two young specimens were taken on a small grassy island
surrounded by mud.</p>
<p>According to natives, <i>Sigmodon</i> injures corn and sugar cane. Probably
other species of rodents are responsible for some or all of such damage
since other kinds of rodents were taken in the same areas.</p>
<p>Dice (1937:245) reported females from the Sierra San Carlos that
carried 8 embryos of 18 mm., 5 × 33, 7 embryos very small, and 8 × 20.
Females were collected on July 22, 29, and 30.</p>
<h3>Sigmodon hispidus berlandieri <span class="fwn">Baird</span></h3>
<p class="i3">1855. <i>Sigmodon berlandieri</i> Baird, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci.
Philadelphia, 7:333, type from Río Nazas, Coahuila.</p>
<p class="i3">1902. <i>Sigmodon hispidus berlandieri</i>, V. Bailey, Proc.
Biol. Soc. Washington, 15:106, June 2.</p>
<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Distribution in Tamaulipas.</i>—From Jaumave and Llera to
north.</p></div>
<p>This subspecies is distinguished from <i>S. h. toltecus</i> by larger size
and paler, grayish coloration.</p>
<p class="title"><span class="smcap">Table 3.—Data on Reproduction.</span></p>
<div class="center">
<table border="1" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="table3">
<tr>
<th align="center"><span class="smcap">Locality</span></th>
<th align="center">Date</th>
<th align="left">Embryos</th>
<th align="left">Size in mm.</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left">4 mi. N La Pesca</td>
<td align="left">May 26</td>
<td align="center">4</td>
<td align="center">30</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left">Sierra de Tamaulipas</td>
<td align="left">June 10</td>
<td align="center">3</td>
<td align="center">10</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left">Sierra de Tamaulipas</td>
<td align="left">June 11</td>
<td align="center">4</td>
<td align="center">10</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left">Sierra de Tamaulipas</td>
<td align="left">June 20</td>
<td align="center">2</td>
<td align="center">20</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left">Ciudad Victoria</td>
<td align="left">July 12</td>
<td align="center">5</td>
<td align="center">5</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left">Jaumave</td>
<td align="left">July 28</td>
<td align="center">4</td>
<td align="center">14</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left">Jaumave</td>
<td align="left">July 29</td>
<td align="center">6</td>
<td align="center">25</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left">San Fernando</td>
<td align="left">August 30</td>
<td align="center">7</td>
<td align="center">20</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left">San Fernando</td>
<td align="left">August 31</td>
<td align="center">8</td>
<td align="center">11</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left">Vicinity of Nuevo Laredo</td>
<td align="left">November 15</td>
<td align="center">3</td>
<td align="center">5</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left">Vicinity of Nuevo Laredo</td>
<td align="left">November 16</td>
<td align="center">5</td>
<td align="center">2</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
<p>Baker (1951:216) reported a specimen from 35 kilometers north and 10
kilometers west of Ciudad Victoria (= 1 km. E El Barretal) as <i>S. h.
toltecus</i>. Comparison of its skull with those from the vicinity of
Altamira (<i>S. h. toltecus</i>) and those from Jaumave (<i>S. h.
berlandieri</i>) shows that the skull from El Barretal closely resembles
those<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_450" id="Page_450">[Pg 450]</a></span> from Jaumave, in having the zygomatic arches more nearly
parallel and the braincase more rounded than in skulls from Altamira.
Therefore the specimen from the vicinity of El Barretal is here
assigned to <i>S. h. berlandieri</i>.</p>
<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Records of occurrence.</i>—Specimens examined, 64: 4-1/2 mi.
S Nuevo Laredo, 600 ft., 1; 10 mi. S, 11 mi. E Nuevo Laredo,
8; San Fernando, 180 ft., 8; 4 mi. N La Pesca, 10; 3 mi. N
La Pesca, 1; 1 mi. E La Pesca, 3; Soto la Marina, 500 ft.,
1; 36 km. N, 10 km. W Cd. Victoria, 1 km. E El Barretal, Río
Purificación, 1; Cd. Victoria, 1; 2 km. W Pan-American
Highway (12 km. S Llera), Ejido Santa Isabel, 2000 ft., 1;
Jaumave, 2400 ft., 29.</p>
<p>Additional records: Matamoros (Baird, 1858:506); Sierra San
Carlos (El Mulato, Tamaulipeca, San Miguel) (Dice,
1937:254); Mesa de Llera (Hooper, 1953:9); Tamaulipas
[state?] (Baird, 1858:506).</p></div>
<h3>Sigmodon hispidus solus <span class="fwn">Hall</span></h3>
<p class="i3">1951. <i>Sigmodon hispidus solus</i> Hall, Univ. Kansas Publ.,
Mus. Nat. Hist., 5:42, October 1, type from island 88 mi. S,
10 mi. W Matamoros, Tamaulipas.</p>
<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Distribution in Tamaulipas.</i>—Known only from two specimens
from the type locality.</p></div>
<h3>Sigmodon hispidus toltecus <span class="fwn">(Saussure)</span></h3>
<p class="i3">1860. [<i>Hesperomys</i>] <i>toltecus</i> Saussure, Revue et Mag.
Zool., Paris, ser. 2, 12:98, type from mountains of Veracruz
[probably near Mirador, Dalquest, Louisiana State Univ.
Studies, Biol. Sci. Series, 1:163, December 28, 1953].</p>
<p class="i3">1902. <i>Sigmodon hispidus toltecus</i>, V. Bailey, Proc. Biol.
Soc. Washington, 15:110, June 2.</p>
<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Distribution in Tamaulipas.</i>—Tropical region in southern
part of state. The specimen reported by Baker (1951:216)
from one mile east of El Barretal is here referred to <i>S. h.
berlandieri</i>.</p>
<p><i>Records of occurrence.</i>—Specimens examined, 69: Sierra de
Tamaulipas, 10 mi. W, 2 mi. S Piedra, 1200 ft., 24; Sierra
de Tamaulipas, 11 mi. W, 8 mi. S Piedra, 2000 ft., 1; Rancho
Pano Ayuctle, 25 mi. N El Mante, 3 km. W highway, 300 ft.,
3; Rancho Pano Ayuctle, 6 mi. N Gómez Farías, 300 ft., 3; 8
km. W, 10 km. N El Encino, 400 ft., 2; 2 km. W El Carrizo,
2100 ft., 20; 6 mi. N, 6 mi. W Altamira, 8; 6 mi. N, 4 mi. W
Altamira, 1; 5 mi. N, 5 mi. W Altamira, 3; 1 mi. S Altamira,
1; 16 km. N Tampico, 3.</p>
<p>Additional records: Rancho del Cielo, 15 to 20 mi. S Mesa de
Llera (Hooper, 1953:9); Cd. Mante (Ingles, 1959:398);
Tampico (Booth, 1957:15).</p></div>
<h3>Neotoma albigula subsolana <span class="fwn">Alvarez</span><br />
<span class="fwn">White-throated Woodrat</span></h3>
<p class="i3">1962. <i>Neotoma albigula subsolana</i> Alvarez, Univ. Kansas
Publ. Mus. Nat. Hist., 14:141, April 30, type from
Miquihuana, 6400 ft., Tamaulipas.</p>
<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Distribution in Tamaulipas.</i>—Western side of Sierra Madre
Oriental.</p></div>
<p>At Nicolás specimens were taken in traps set along a thorn fence and at
Tajada two specimens were trapped along a rock wall. At other places
some specimens were brought in by natives who captured the rats by
tearing apart their houses.</p>
<p>Five females taken on October 18 at Nicolás carried embryos (one to two
per female), which averaged 22.2 (11-45) mm. in crown-rump<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_451" id="Page_451">[Pg 451]</a></span> length.
Another female, taken nine miles southwest of Tula on October 13,
carried 2 embryos that were 35 mm. in crown-rump length. The average
weight of the five pregnant females was 196.7 (183-207) grams. The
average weights of nine adult males and six non-pregnant females from
Miquihuana were, respectively, 215.6 (175-250) and 162.5 (155-175)
grams.</p>
<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Records of occurrence.</i>—Specimens examined, 51:
Miquihuana, 6400 ft., 22; Joya Verde, 35 km. SW Cd. Victoria
(on Jaumave Road) 3800 ft., 2; Nicolás, 56 km. NW Tula, 5500
ft., 10; Tajada, 23 mi. NW Tula, 5200 ft, 2; 9 mi. SW Tula,
3900 ft., 15.</p>
<p>Additional record: Jaumave (Goldman, 1910:37).</p></div>
<h3>Neotoma angustapalata <span class="fwn">Baker</span><br />
<span class="fwn">Tamaulipas Wood Rat</span></h3>
<p class="i3">1951. <i>Neotoma angustapalata</i> Baker, Univ. Kansas Publ.,
Mus. Nat. Hist., 5:217, December 15, type from 70 km. by
highway S Ciudad Victoria, and 6 km. W Pan-American highway
at El Carrizo, Tamaulipas.</p>
<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Distribution in Tamaulipas.</i>—Southern part of state;
presently known from two localities.</p></div>
<p>Baker (1951:218) reported that specimens from the type locality were
taken in crevices among rocks on a small hillside that supported a
sparse cover of vegetation growing from a deep layer of humus. The
specimen from eight kilometers west and 10 kilometers north of El
Encino was shot about 40 yards from the entrance to a large cave, but
no sign of wood rats were found there. Hooper (1953:9) reported that
<i>N. angustapalata</i> occupied caves at Rancho del Cielo, where a female
with two nursing young was taken.</p>
<p>When Baker (<i>op. cit.</i>) described <i>Neotoma angustapalata</i> on the basis
of two specimens from El Carrizo, he assigned the species to the <i>N.
mexicana</i> group because of the deep anterointernal re-entrant angle of
M1. The deep angle found in <i>N. mexicana</i> differs markedly from the
typical condition in either <i>N. micropus</i> or <i>N. albigula</i>. Study of
the cranial characters and bacula of specimens of <i>N. micropus</i> and <i>N.
angustapalata</i> tends to corroborate the statement of Hooper (1953:10),
who commented on the taxonomic relationships of <i>N. angustapalata</i> as
follows: "It should be pointed out that all characters considered ...
the specimens [<i>angustapalata</i>] appear to be large, deeply pigmented
examples of the species <i>N. micropus</i> notwithstanding the deep anterior
fold in M1. The presence of that deep fold is far from an absolute
character in the <i>mexicanus</i> [<i>sic</i>] group."</p>
<p>My study of 48 crania of <i>N. micropus</i> from Tamaulipas reveals that the
depth of the re-entrant angle of M1 is extremely variable, from almost
absent in some individuals to deep (as in <i>angustapalata</i>)<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_452" id="Page_452">[Pg 452]</a></span> in others.
Four specimens, one (56958) from the Sierra de Tamaulipas and three
(56960, 56965, 56966) from the vicinity of Altamira, have the
re-entrant angle as deep as in the holotype and topotype of
<i>angustapalata</i>.</p>
<p>Comparison of the bacula of the holotype and one topotype of
<i>angustapalata</i> with 15 bacula of <i>N. micropus</i> reveal that on the
average the baculum of <i>angustapalata</i> differs from that of <i>micropus</i>
in being longer, and narrower at the base (greatest length, 7.1, width
at base, 3.4 mm., in the topotype). One specimen of <i>N. micropus
littoralis</i> from the vicinity of Altamira, however, has a baculum of
the same shape as in <i>angustapalata</i> (this same specimen is one of the
three from there in which the re-entrant angle of the M1 is deep). The
shape of the baculum among specimens of <i>micropus</i> is highly variable
and bacula of specimens from different localities frequently are
slightly different (see <a href="#fig5">Fig. 5</a>).</p>
<div class="figcenter" style="width: 600px;">
<a name="fig5" id="fig5"></a>
<img src="images/i_005.png" width="600" height="225" alt="Fig. 5. Bacula of Neotoma. All × 4." title="Fig. 5. Bacula of Neotoma. All × 4."/>
<span class="caption"><span class="smcap">Fig.</span> 5. Bacula of <i>Neotoma</i>. All × 4.<br /><br />
A, <i>Neotoma angustipalata</i> (topotype, 37062).<br />
B, <i>Neotoma micropus micropus</i> (4 mi. SW Nuevo Laredo, 89147).<br />
C, <i>Neotoma micropus littoralis</i> (Sierra de Tamaulipas, 2 mi. S,
10 mi. W Piedra, 56957).<br />
</span>
</div>
<p>The known distributions of <i>N. micropus</i> and <i>N. angustapalata</i> do not
overlap (neither does the distribution of <i>N. albigula</i> overlap with
either in Tamaulipas). The four specimens of <i>N. micropus</i> having the
deep re-entrant angle in M1 are from localities near where the ranges
of <i>angustapalata</i> and <i>micropus</i> probably meet. This could be
interpreted in two ways: (1) these four specimens can be regarded as
intergrades between <i>angustapalata</i> and <i>micropus</i>, in which case the
former species should be placed as a subspecies of the latter. Or the
four specimens, which were collected along with other specimens that
lack deep re-entrant angles in the M1, can be assigned, on the basis of
the deep angle, to <i>angustapalata</i>, in which case the species
<i>micropus</i> and <i>angustapalata</i> would be in<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_453" id="Page_453">[Pg 453]</a></span> part sympatric. Until more
material from critical areas is available for study, I continue to
recognize <i>angustapalata</i> as a monotypic species. I agree with Hooper
that it is closely related to <i>N. micropus</i>.</p>
<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Measurements.</i>—A female (58865) from 8 km. west and 10 km.
north of El Encino, measured as follows: 404; 198; 41; 32;
greatest length of skull, 49.7; basilar length, 40.8;
zygomatic breadth, 25.9; length of nasals, 18.8; length of
incisive foramina, 10.8; length of maxillary tooth-row, 9.9;
greatest breadth of interpterygoid space, 4.0.</p>
<p><i>Records of occurrence.</i>—Specimens examined, 3: 8 km. W, 10
km. N El Encino, 400 ft., 1; type locality, 2.</p></div>
<h3>Neotoma micropus<br />
<span class="fwn">Southern Plains Wood Rat</span></h3>
<p>Most of the specimens examined were trapped in brushy areas. On the
Sierra de Tamaulipas, wood rats were caught in steel traps set near or
between rocks. In the vicinity of La Pesca, specimens were trapped on
the beach where <i>Spermophilus spilosoma</i> and <i>Sigmodon hispidus</i> were
taken also.</p>
<p>Two females, obtained on May 19 and June 10 at Soto la Marina and on
the Sierra de Tamaulipas, respectively, each carried 2 embryos that
were 40 mm. in crown-rump length. Dice (1937:254) reported that two
females collected on July 24 and August 16 on the Sierra San Carlos
each carried 2 embryos that ranged from 34 to 36 mm. in crown-rump
length.</p>
<p><i>Neotoma micropus</i> occurs throughout the Tamaulipan Biotic Province and
is represented in Tamaulipas by two subspecies, each of which has its
type locality in the state. Intergradation between the two takes place
at Soto la Marina.</p>
<h3>Neotoma micropus littoralis <span class="fwn">Goldman</span></h3>
<p class="i3">1905. <i>Neotoma micropus littoralis</i> Goldman, Proc. Biol.
Soc. Washington, 18:31, February 2, type from Altamira, 100
ft., Tamaulipas.</p>
<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Distribution in Tamaulipas.</i>—From the Sierra de Tamaulipas
southward.</p></div>
<p>Weight of two males and three non-pregnant females was 248, 254, 185,
210, 240 grams, respectively.</p>
<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Records of occurrence.</i>—Specimens examined, 14: Sierra de
Tamaulipas, 2 mi. S, 10 mi. W Piedra, 1200 ft., 6; 6 mi. N,
6 mi. W Altamira, 8.</p>
<p>Additional record: Altamira (Goldman, 1910:29).</p></div>
<h3>Neotoma micropus micropus <span class="fwn">Baird</span></h3>
<p class="i3">1855. <i>Neotoma micropus</i> Baird, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci.
Philadelphia, 7:333, April, type from Charco Escondido,
Tamaulipas.</p>
<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Distribution in Tamaulipas.</i>—From Soto la Marina
northward.</p></div>
<p>The weight of five males and four females from Soto la Marina averaged,
respectively, 256.4 (210-317) and 233.0 (195-274) grams.</p><p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_454" id="Page_454">[Pg 454]</a></span></p>
<p>A specimen (56924) from La Pesca differs from all other specimens of
<i>N. micropus</i> examined in being smaller, having a conspicuously shorter
rostrum, broader intraorbital canal, and lower broader braincase.
External measurements of this specimen are as follows: 347; 155; 39;
—. Its cranial measurements are: greatest length, 44.8; basilar
length, 34.3; zygomatic breadth, 23.6; interorbital constriction, 6.2;
incisive foramina, 6.5; length of maxillary tooth-row, 8.7; width of
mesopterygoid fossa, 4.1.</p>
<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Records of occurrence.</i>—Specimens examined, 58: 4 mi. SW
Nuevo Laredo, 900 ft., 14; 4-1/2 mi. S Nuevo Laredo, 1; 3
mi. SE Reynosa, 1; 3 mi. S Matamoros, 2; 33 mi. S Washington
Beach, 1; San Fernando, 180 ft., 1; 7 km. S, 2 km. W San
Fernando, 2; 12 mi. NW San Carlos, 1300 ft., 4; 9-1/2 mi. SW
Padilla, 800 ft., 3; 3 mi. N Soto la Marina, 3; Soto la
Marina, 500 ft., 12; 4 mi. N La Pesca, 3; 1 mi. E La Pesca,
1; La Pesca, 2; 3 mi. NE Guemes, 1; 7 mi. NE Cd. Victoria,
1; Cd. Victoria, 6.</p>
<p>Additional records (Goldman, 1910:28, unless otherwise
noted): Nuevo Laredo; 10 mi. S Nuevo Laredo (Booth,
1957:15); Camargo; Matamoros; Bagdad; 40 mi. S Matamoros
(Hooper, 1953:9); Sierra San Carlos (El Mulato, Tamaulipeca)
(Dice, 1937:254); San Fernando (J. A. Allen, 1891:224);
Forlón.</p></div>
<h3>Microtus mexicanus subsimus <span class="fwn">Goldman</span><br />
<span class="fwn">Mexican Vole</span></h3>
<p class="i3">1938. <i>Microtus mexicanus subsimus</i> Goldman, Jour. Mamm.,
19:494, November 14, type from Sierra Guadalupe,
southeastern Coahuila.</p>
<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Distribution in Tamaulipas.</i>—Reported only from mountains
near Miquihuana (Goldman, 1938:495).</p></div>
<h3>Canis latrans<br />
<span class="fwn">Coyote</span></h3>
<p>In Tamaulipas two and possibly three subspecies of <i>Canis latrans</i>
occur. <i>C. l. texensis</i> is known only from the northwesternmost part of
the state, and <i>C. l. microdon</i> occurs from Camargo south to Nicolás.
Hall and Kelson (1959:845) guessed that <i>C. l. cagottis</i> would be found
in the southern third of the state; as yet specimens from there have
not been obtained and the subspecific identity of the coyotes there, if
any are present, remains in doubt.</p>
<h3>Canis latrans microdon <span class="fwn">Merriam</span></h3>
<p class="i3">1897. <i>Canis microdon</i> Merriam, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington,
11:29, March 15, type from Mier, on Río Grande, Tamaulipas.</p>
<p class="i3">1932. <i>Canis latrans microdon</i>, Nelson, Proc. Biol. Soc.
Washington, 45:224, November 26.</p>
<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Distribution in Tamaulipas.</i>—Probably state-wide, reported
only from the northern half of the state.</p></div>
<p>Three specimens were examined. One is a pup from the vicinity of
Padilla which is assigned to this subspecies on geographic grounds. The
other two are skins, collected at Nicolás by natives,<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_455" id="Page_455">[Pg 455]</a></span> who deceived the
collector by providing dog skulls with the coyote skins. These two
specimens are referred to <i>C. l. microdon</i> on the basis of their dark
color and dusky shading on the throat and chest. One has a rufous
over-all color and the other is ochraceous yellowish. This difference
in color suggests intergradation at this place between <i>C. l. microdon</i>
that ranged to the northeast, <i>C. l. cagottis</i> to the south, and
probably with <i>C. l. impavidus</i> distributed to the west.</p>
<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Records of occurrence.</i>—Specimens examined, 3: 9-1/2 mi.
SW Padilla, 800 ft., 1; Nicolás, 53 km. N Tula, 2.</p>
<p>Additional record: Camargo (Jackson, 1951:305); 20 mi. W
Reynosa (Ingles, 1959:401); Matamoros (Jackson, 1951:305);
Bagdad (<i>ibid.</i>); Sierra San Carlos (San Miguel, El Mulato)
(Dice, 1937:251).</p></div>
<h3>Canis latrans texensis <span class="fwn">V. Bailey</span></h3>
<p class="i3">1905. <i>Canis nebrascensis texensis</i> V. Bailey, N. Amer.
Fauna, 25:175, October 24, type from 45 mi. SW Corpus
Christi at Santa Gertrudis, Kleberg Co., Texas.</p>
<p class="i3">1932. <i>Canis latrans texensis</i> V. Bailey, N. Amer. Fauna,
53:312, March 11.</p>
<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Distribution in Tamaulipas.</i>—Extreme northwest, known only
from Nuevo Laredo (Jackson, 1951:279).</p></div>
<h3>Canis lupus monstrabilis <span class="fwn">Goldman</span><br />
<span class="fwn">Gray Wolf</span></h3>
<p class="i3">1937. <i>Canis lupus monstrabilis</i> Goldman, Jour. Mamm.,
18:42, February 11, type from 10 mi. S Rankin, Upton Co.,
Texas.</p>
<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Distribution in Tamaulipas.</i>—Probably extinct, recorded
only from Matamoros (Goldman, 1944:468).</p></div>
<p>On the maps of distribution of <i>C. l. monstrabilis</i> published by
Leopold (1959:400) and Baker and Villa (1960:370), Tamaulipas is
included in the region in which the wolf is considered to be extinct.</p>
<h3>Urocyon cineroargenteus scottii <span class="fwn">Mearns</span><br />
<span class="fwn">Gray Fox</span></h3>
<p class="i3">1891. <i>Urocyon virginianus scottii</i> Mearns, Bull. Amer. Mus.
Nat. Hist., 3:236, June 5, type from Pinal Co., Arizona.</p>
<p class="i3">1895. <i>Urocyon cinereo-argenteus scottii</i>, J. A. Allen,
Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 7:253, June.</p>
<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Distribution in Tamaulipas.</i>—All of state in suitable
habitats.</p></div>
<p>The specimen from the Sierra Madre Oriental was obtained by a collector
who used a rabbit call. Leopold (1959:408) reported that the highest
elevation [about 2800 feet] at which he found gray fox in México was at
Hacienda de Acuña, in the Sierra de Tamaulipas, where "dense, brushy
draws and oak openings made ideal habitat." At this place Leopold saw,
in early August, a family of<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_456" id="Page_456">[Pg 456]</a></span> foxes, four well-grown young and their
parents. Dice (1937:250) reported <i>U. c. texensis</i> (a junior synonym of
<i>U. c. scottii</i>), as abundant in the Sierra San Carlos.</p>
<p>The six specimens examined do not present any significant difference in
size and shape of the skull from specimens of <i>scottii</i> from Arizona,
except that one skull from the Sierra de Tamaulipas is smaller than the
others, suggesting intergradation between the subspecies <i>scottii</i> and
<i>tropicalis</i> from farther south.</p>
<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Records of occurrence.</i>—Specimens examined, 6: 2 mi. W San
Fernando, 180 ft., 1; 15 km. W Rancho Santa Rosa, Sierra
Madre Oriental, 4500 ft., 1; Ejido Santa Isabel, 2000 ft.,
1; Sierra de Tamaulipas, 2 mi. S, 10 mi. W Piedra, 1200 ft.,
2; Joya Verde, 35 km. SW Victoria, 3800 ft., 1.</p>
<p>Additional records: Near Marmolejo, San Carlos Mts. (Dice,
1937:250); Hacienda Acuña, Sierra de Tamaulipas (Leopold,
1959:408, only seen); La Joya de Salas (Goodwin, 1954:14).</p></div>
<h3>Ursus americanus eremicus <span class="fwn">Merriam</span><br />
<span class="fwn">Black Bear</span></h3>
<p class="i3">1904. <i>Ursus americanus eremicus</i> Merriam, Proc. Biol. Soc.
Washington, 17:154, October 6, type from Sierra Guadalupe,
Coahuila.</p>
<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Distribution in Tamaulipas.</i>—Probably in high and remote
parts of the Sierra Madre Oriental; recorded only from Agua
Linda (Goodwin, 1954:14).</p></div>
<h3>Bassariscus astutus flavus <span class="fwn">Rhoads</span><br />
<span class="fwn">Ringtail</span></h3>
<p class="i3">1894. <i>Bassariscus astutus flavus</i> Rhoads, Proc. Acad. Nat.
Sci. Philadelphia, 45:417, January 30, type from Texas,
exact locality unknown.</p>
<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Distribution in Tamaulipas.</i>—Western half of state.</p></div>
<p>The two specimens examined provide the second record of this species in
Tamaulipas; they were shot in the bottom of an arid canyon. One animal
was about 30 feet up from the ground in an oak tree, and the other was
along a small arroyo containing pools of water.</p>
<p>From Rhoads' paper (1893:416-417) on the genus <i>Bassariscus</i> it would
seem that <i>B. astutus flavus</i> differs from <i>B. a. astutus</i> in smaller
size, especially of the skull, shorter tail (shorter than head and body
in <i>flavus</i> and longer than head and body in <i>astutus</i>) and the
presence of fulvous color. Comparison of 10 specimens of <i>B. a. flavus</i>
from Coahuila and Texas with two of <i>B. a. astutus</i> (Distrito Federal,
1; Las Vigas, Veracruz, 1) from central México reveals that the skulls
do not differ qualitatively and that the skull of <i>flavus</i> tends to be
smaller and relatively wider, but that there is overlap in size. In all
<i>flavus</i> that I measured and in the two adults of <i>astutus</i> the tail is
shorter than the head and body. The only real difference is the color;
ringtails from Texas are deep fulvous instead of grayish as is<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_457" id="Page_457">[Pg 457]</a></span>
<i>astutus</i> from the Distrito Federal and Veracruz. But the specimen from
Veracruz has much fulvous and on the other hand specimens from Coahuila
are more grayish than those from Texas.</p>
<p>The two specimens from Tamaulipas can be assigned to either subspecies
<i>astutus</i> or <i>flavus</i> with almost equal propriety. Here they are
referred to <i>B. a. flavus</i> on the basis of their relatively small
skull, short tail, and presence of some fulvous color.</p>
<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Measurements.</i>—Measurements of female and male (60239,
60240), both adult, from Joya Verde, are, respectively: 745,
760; 370, 385; 70, 75; 47, 56; greatest length of skull
(excluding incisors), 81.9, 83.1; zygomatic breadth, 46.1,
51.9; interorbital constriction, 16.3, 16.3; postorbital
constriction, 19.5, 18.5; breadth of braincase, 33.7, 36.6;
length of maxillary tooth-row, 31.5, 32.0; breadth across
postorbital processes (tip to tip), 25.3, 26.8.</p>
<p><i>Records of occurrence.</i>—Two specimens examined from Joya
Verde, 35 km. SW Victoria, 3800 ft.</p>
<p>Additional record: Joya de Salas (Goodwin, 1954:14).</p></div>
<h3>Procyon lotor<br />
<span class="fwn">Racoon</span></h3>
<p>Racoons occur all through the state. The one specimen examined was shot
about 11:00 p. m. in a cypress tree. Its mouth contained fresh corn.
The animal was notably fat and weighed 11 pounds. According to the
natives the racoons do much damage in cornfields.</p>
<h3><b>Procyon lotor fuscipes</b> <span class="fwn">Mearns</span></h3>
<p class="i3">1914. <i>Procyon lotor fuscipes</i> Mearns, Proc. Biol. Soc.
Washington, 27:63, March 20, type from Las Moras Creek, 1011
ft., Fort Clark, Kinney Co., Texas.</p>
<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Distribution in Tamaulipas.</i>—Practically all of state,
except western part.</p>
<p><i>Records</i> (Goldman, 1950:51, unless otherwise noted):
Camargo; Matamoros; Bagdad; Marmolego; Camp 2 (= 73 mi. S
Washington Beach, Selander <i>et al.</i>, 1962:338, recorded only
two species); Gómez Farías (Goodwin, 1954:14); Altamira.</p></div>
<h3>Procyon lotor hernandezii <span class="fwn">Wagler</span></h3>
<p class="i3">1831. <i>Pr[ocyon]. hernandezii</i> Wagler, Isis von Oken,
24:514, type from Tlalpan, Valley of Mexico.</p>
<p class="i3">1890. <i>Procyon lotor hernandezi</i>, J. A. Allen, Bull. Amer.
Mus. Nat. Hist., 3:176, December 10.</p>
<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Distribution in Tamaulipas.</i>—Western part of state; known
only from Rancho Santa Rosa.</p></div>
<p>The specimen examined is identified as <i>P. l. hernandezii</i> because the
animal differs from specimens of <i>P. l. fuscipes</i> from southern Texas
and Coahuila in the same way that Goldman (1950:50) noted that <i>P. l.
hernandezii</i> differs from <i>P. l. fuscipes</i>. For example, in the
specimen from Rancho Santa Rosa the interorbital region is lower, the
braincase is less depressed near the fronto-parietal suture, the
postorbital process is longer and more pointed, and the upper<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_458" id="Page_458">[Pg 458]</a></span>
carnassial is longer. The color is the same as in specimens of
<i>fuscipes</i> from Texas except that the postauricular spot is smaller,
and the ground color is slightly more grayish. The median dorsal area
is black, forming a longitudinal band about 3 cm. wide.</p>
<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Record of occurrence.</i>—One specimen examined from Rancho
Santa Rosa, 25 km. N, 13 km. W Cd. Victoria.</p></div>
<h3>Nasua narica molaris <span class="fwn">Merriam</span><br />
<span class="fwn">Coati</span></h3>
<p class="i3">1902. <i>Nasua narica molaris</i> Merriam, Proc. Biol. Soc.
Washington, 15:68, March 22, type from Manzanillo, Colima.</p>
<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Distribution in Tamaulipas.</i>—Over all of state.</p></div>
<p>A male and female, both adults, from the same locality in the Sierra de
Tamaulipas weighed, respectively, 3,150 grams and 4,836 grams. Three
young from the same place weighed 2,250, 2,250, and 2,650 grams.</p>
<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Records of occurrence.</i>—Specimens examined, 7: Sierra de
Tamaulipas, 10 mi. W, 2 mi. S Piedra, 1200 ft., 5; Rancho
Pano Ayuctle, 25 mi. N El Mante, 3 km. W Pan-American
Highway, 2200 ft., 1; 2 km. W El Carrizo, 1.</p>
<p>Additional records: Sierra San Carlos (San José, El Mulato)
(Dice, 1937:249); Soto la Marina (Goldman, 1942:81); Cd.
Victoria (<i>ibid.</i>); 10 mi. NE Zamorina (Hooper, 1953:3); 3
mi. NW Acuña (<i>ibid.</i>); 19 km. SW Mante (Davis, 1944:381).</p></div>
<h3>Potos flavus aztecus <span class="fwn">Thomas</span><br />
<span class="fwn">Kinkajou</span></h3>
<p class="i3">1902. <i>Potos flavus aztecus</i> Thomas, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist.,
ser. 7, 9:268, April, type from Atoyac, Veracruz.</p>
<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Distribution in Tamaulipas.</i>—Uncertain; one specimen was
seen by Leopold (1959:437) near Acuña.</p></div>
<h3>Mustela frenata<br />
<span class="fwn">Long-tailed Weasel</span></h3>
<p>This species occurs in practically all of the state, but as in most
other areas actual records are few; only two specimens, both males,
have been examined. One was taken at Jaumave, in a steel-trap baited
with fresh egg. It weighed 325 grams. The other was taken in the
vicinity of Altamira and weighed 434 grams.</p>
<p>Two subspecies have been reported from Tamaulipas; <i>Mustela frenata
frenata</i> that occurs in the central and northern parts of the state and
<i>M. f. tropicalis</i> that occurs in the tropical area in the southern
part of the state.</p>
<h3>Mustela frenata frenata <span class="fwn">Lichtenstein</span></h3>
<p class="i3">1831. <i>Mustela frenata</i> Lichtenstein, Darstellung neuer oder
wenig bekannter Säugethiere ..., pl. 42 and corresponding
text, unpaged, type from Ciudad México, México.</p>
<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_459" id="Page_459">[Pg 459]</a></span></p>
<p class="i3">1877. <i>Putorius mexicanus</i> Coues, Fur-bearing animals, U. S.
Geol. Surv. Territories, Misc. Publ., 8:42, a <i>nomen nudum</i>
[cited by Coues in synonymy as "<i>Putorius mexicanus</i>,
Berlandier, MMS. ic. ined. 4 (Tamaulipas and Matamoras)"].</p>
<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Distribution in Tamaulipas.</i>—Central and northern parts of
state.</p></div>
<p>The specimen from Jaumave is clearly <i>M. f. frenata</i>, but the other
from northwest of Altamira has many characters of the subspecies <i>M. f.
tropicalis</i> and is an intergrade between the two subspecies. In cranial
features and in measurements the animal is like <i>frenata</i>. For example:
least width of palate more than length of P4; distance between anterior
border of auditory bulla and foramen ovale equal to the width of four
(including I3) upper incisors; depth of tympanic bulla less than
distance between it and foramen ovale; length of tail amounting to 82
per cent of length of head and body. The coloration is more nearly like
that of <i>tropicalis</i>. For example, the region between the ears and the
region behind the ears as far as the shoulders is almost black; hairs
of the soles of the forefeet are of the same color as in <i>tropicalis</i>.
But, width of the whitish underparts amounts to 53 per cent of the
circumference of the body; in this respect the specimen is like
<i>frenata</i>. I refer the specimen to <i>frenata</i> because, to me, it is
slightly more nearly like it.</p>
<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Measurements.</i>—The male from 6 mi. N, 6 mi. W Altamira
affords measurements as follows: 500; 226; 53; 23; basilar
length (Hensel), 49.5; breadth of rostrum, 14.3;
interorbital constriction, 11.9; orbitonasal length, 15.2;
mastoid breadth, 27.2; zygomatic breadth, 32.4; tympanic
bullae, length, 16.8; breadth, 7.5; length of m1, 5.7; P4,
lateral length, 5.4, medial, 5.8; M1, breadth, 4.6, length,
2.4; depth of skull at anterior edge of basioccipital, 14.7.</p>
<p><i>Records of occurrence.</i>—Specimens examined, 2: Jaumave,
2400 ft., 1; 6 mi. N, 6 mi. W Altamira, 1.</p>
<p>Additional records (Hall, 1951:347): Matamoros; Miquihuana.</p></div>
<h3>Mustela frenata tropicalis <span class="fwn">(Merriam)</span></h3>
<p class="i3">1896. <i>Putorius tropicalis</i> Merriam, N. Amer. Fauna, 11:30,
June 30, type from Jico, Veracruz.</p>
<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Distribution in Tamaulipas.</i>—Tropical area in south part
of state; reported only from 50 mi. south of Ciudad Victoria
(Hall, 1951:366).</p></div>
<h3>Eira barbara senex <span class="fwn">(Thomas)</span><br />
<span class="fwn">Tayra</span></h3>
<p class="i3">1900. <i>Galictis barbara senex</i> Thomas, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist.,
ser. 7, 5:146, January, type from Hacienda Tortugas,
approximately 600 ft., Jalapa, Veracruz.</p>
<p class="i3">1951. <i>Eira barbara senex</i>, Hershkovitz, Fieldiana-Zool.,
31:561, July 10.</p>
<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Distribution in Tamaulipas.</i>—Known only from Pano Ayuctle
(Hooper, 1953:4).</p></div>
<h3>Taxidea taxus<br />
<span class="fwn">Badger</span></h3>
<p>The badger in Tamaulipas is poorly known because only a few specimens
have been reported from the state. I have examined<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_460" id="Page_460">[Pg 460]</a></span> only two; one is
the skull of a juvenile picked up in the sea along the barrier beach
and the other is the skull of an adult male taken in a steel-trap
baited with a bird body and rabbit meat. The trap was set in front of a
hole in the semidesert area 12 miles south of San Carlos.</p>
<p>On their map 471 Hall and Kelson (1959:927) show a total of five
subspecies of <i>Taxidea taxus</i>. They include the northern part of
Tamaulipas in the geographic range of <i>T. t. berlandieri</i>. On page 926
Hall and Kelson (<i>op. cit.</i>) list ten additional subspecies described
by Schantz. One of them <i>T. t. littoralis</i> (Schantz, 1949:301) was
based on specimens from southeastern Texas and Matamoros, Tamaulipas.
Of the two specimens examined by me the one from the barrier beach is
here assigned to <i>T. l. littoralis</i> on geographic grounds, and the
other one from the vicinity of San Carlos to <i>T. l. berlandieri</i>.</p>
<h3>Taxidea taxus berlandieri <span class="fwn">Baird</span></h3>
<p class="i3">1858. <i>Taxidea berlandieri</i> Baird, Mammals, in Repts. Expl.
Surv. ..., 8(1):205, July 14, type from Llano Estacado,
Texas, near boundary of New Mexico.</p>
<p class="i3">1895. <i>Taxidea taxus berlandieri</i>, J. A. Allen, Bull. Amer.
Mus. Nat. Hist., 7:256, June 29.</p>
<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Distribution in Tamaulipas.</i>—Reported from only one
locality, in northwestern part of state.</p></div>
<p>The skull examined, of an adult male, differs from Coahuilan and New
Mexican skulls in having a broad rostrum, better developed sagittal and
lambdoidal crests, and smaller tympanic bullae. The measurements are
greater than those given by Schantz (1949:302) for <i>T. l. littoralis</i>
and it is for that reason that the skull examined is assigned to <i>T. l.
berlandieri</i>.</p>
<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Measurements.</i>—The adult male measured as follows: 710;
115; 110; 55; condylobasal length, 123.1; zygomatic breadth,
81.1; mastoid breadth, 75.5; interorbital constriction,
29.3; least postorbital constriction, 27.6; length of
maxillary tooth-row, 42.7; P4, length, 11.9, width, 10.7;
M1, length, 11.7, width, 11.7; tympanic bulla, length, 23.3,
depth (from basioccipital), 12.8.</p>
<p><i>Record of occurrence.</i>—One specimen examined from 12 mi. S
San Carlos, 1300 ft.</p></div>
<h3>Taxidea taxus littoralis <span class="fwn">Schantz</span></h3>
<p class="i3">1949. <i>Taxidea taxus littoralis</i> Schantz, Jour. Mamm.,
30:301, August 17, type from Corpus Christi, Nueces Co.,
Texas.</p>
<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Distribution in Tamaulipas.</i>—Known only from two
localities in northeastern part of state.</p>
<p><i>Records of occurrence.</i>—One specimen examined from 33 mi.
S Washington Beach.</p>
<p>Additional record: Matamoros (Schantz, 1949:302).</p></div>
<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_461" id="Page_461">[Pg 461]</a></span></p>
<h3>Spilogale putorius interrupta <span class="fwn">(Rafinesque)</span><br />
<span class="fwn">Eastern Spotted Skunk</span></h3>
<p class="i3">1820. <i>Mephitis interrupta</i> Rafinesque, Ann. Nat. ..., 1:3.
Type locality, Upper Missouri River?.</p>
<p class="i3">1952. <i>Spilogale putorious interrupta</i>, McCarley, Texas
Jour. Sci., 4:108, March 30.</p>
<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Distribution in Tamaulipas.</i>—From Sierra de Tamaulipas
northward.</p></div>
<p>The young male from La Pesca weighed 480 grams. In the Sierra de
Tamaulipas a lactating female was taken (June 9) in a steel trap. A
young male from there weighed 275 grams. The young male from three
miles north of La Pesca weighed 520 grams.</p>
<p>Specimens from Tamaulipas are assigned to the subspecies <i>interrupta</i>
following Van Gelder (1959:270-279). He regarded specimens from
Tamaulipas as intergrades between <i>S. p. interrupta</i> and <i>S. p.
leucoparia</i>.</p>
<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Records of occurrence.</i>—Specimens examined, 6: 9-1/2 mi.
SW Padilla, 1; 3 mi. N La Pesca, 1; La Pesca, 1; Rancho
Santa Rosa, 2 km. N, 13 km. W Cd. Victoria, 260 m., 1;
Sierra de Tamaulipas, 2 mi. S, 10 mi. W Piedra, 1200 ft., 2.</p>
<p>Additional records (Van Gelder, 1959:279): "Tamaulipas"; Cd.
Victoria.</p></div>
<h3>Mephitis mephitis varians <span class="fwn">Gray</span><br />
<span class="fwn">Striped Skunk</span></h3>
<p class="i3">1837. <i>Mephitis varians</i> Gray, Charlesworth's Mag. Nat.
Hist., 1:581. Type locality, Texas.</p>
<p class="i3">1936. <i>Mephitis mephitis varians</i>, Hall, Carnegie Inst.
Washington, Publ., 473:66, November 20.</p>
<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Distribution in Tamaulipas.</i>—North half of state.</p>
<p><i>Measurements.</i>—An adult female from San Fernando measured
as follows: 710; 360; 70; 30; basilar length, 56.2;
condylobasal length, 64.2; zygomatic breadth, 41.3;
interorbital constriction, 19.0; length of maxillary
tooth-row, 20.7.</p>
<p><i>Records of occurrence.</i>—One specimen examined from San
Fernando, 180 ft.</p>
<p>Additional records: Mier (A. H. Howell, 1901:32); Matamoros
(<i>ibid.</i>); 2 mi. up stream from Marmolejo (Dice, 1937:250).</p></div>
<h3>Mephitis macroura macroura <span class="fwn">Lichtenstein</span><br />
<span class="fwn">Hooded Skunk</span></h3>
<p class="i3">1832. <i>Mephitis macroura</i> Lichtenstein, Darstellung neuer
oder wenig bekannter Säugethiere ..., pl. 46, type from
mountains northwest of the city of México.</p>
<p class="i3">1877. <i>Mephitis edulis</i> Coues, Berlandier Mss., Fur-bearing
Animals: ..., U. S. Geol. Surv. Territories, Miscl. Publ.,
8:236. Type locality, "Inhabits most of Mexico. I have found
it around San Fernando de Bexar...."</p>
<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Distribution in Tamaulipas.</i>—West of Sierra Madre
Oriental.</p></div>
<p>The two specimens from Jaumave are young; they were taken on different
nights but in the same place. Weights of male and female,<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_462" id="Page_462">[Pg 462]</a></span>
respectively, are 195 and 290 grams. The other three specimens, two
young and an adult male, were brought to the collector (Bodley) by
natives.</p>
<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Records of occurrence.</i>—Specimens examined, 5: San
Fernando, 180 ft., 2; Jaumave, 2400 ft., 2; Nicolás, 56 km.
NW Tula, 5500 ft., 1.</p></div>
<h3>Conepatus mesoleucus mearnsi <span class="fwn">Merriam</span><br />
<span class="fwn">Hog-nosed Skunk</span></h3>
<p class="i3">1902. <i>Conepatus mesoleucus mearnsi</i> Merriam, Proc. Biol.
Soc. Washington, 15:163, August 6, type from Mason, Mason
Co., Texas.</p>
<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Distribution in Tamaulipas.</i>—Probably western part of
state, but presently known only from Nicolás.</p></div>
<p>The specimens herein assigned to this species, represented by the skull
only, differ conspicuously from those assigned to <i>C. leuconotus</i> only
in breadth of M1.</p>
<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Measurements.</i>—Measurements of a skull (sex undetermined)
from Nicolás are as follows: condylobasal length, 77.1;
zygomatic breadth, 52.9; postorbital constriction, 21.1;
mastoid breadth, 43.7; length of maxillary tooth-row, 23.4;
breadth of M1, 7.1.</p>
<p><i>Records of occurrence.</i>—Two specimens examined from
Nicolás, 56 km. NW Tula, 5500 ft.</p></div>
<h3>Conepatus leuconotus texensis <span class="fwn">Merriam</span><br />
<span class="fwn">Eastern Hog-nosed Skunk</span></h3>
<p class="i3">1902. <i>Conepatus leuconotus texensis</i> Merriam, Proc. Biol.
Soc. Washington, 15:162, August 6, type from Brownsville,
Cameron Co., Texas.</p>
<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Distribution in Tamaulipas.</i>—State-wide, except western
part.</p></div>
<p>Three specimens are assigned to this species on the basis of the
breadth of M1. In comparison with skulls from the type locality, those
of Tamaulipan specimens are slightly smaller and narrower.</p>
<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Measurements.</i>—Some cranial measurements of a male adult
(old) from ten miles west and two miles south of Piedra are:
condylobasal length, 79.0; zygomatic breadth, 52.3;
postorbital constriction, 22.0; mastoid breadth, 44.2;
length of maxillary tooth-row, 24.4; breadth of M1, 9.3.</p>
<p><i>Records of occurrence.</i>—Specimens examined, 2: La Pesca,
1; Ejido Eslabones, 10 mi. W, 2 mi. S Piedra, 1200 ft., 1.</p>
<p>Additional record: Near El Mulato (Dice, 1937:250).</p></div>
<h3>Felis concolor stanleyana <span class="fwn">Goldman</span><br />
<span class="fwn">Puma</span></h3>
<p class="i3">1938. <i>Felis concolor stanleyana</i> Goldman, Proc. Biol. Soc.
Washington, 51:63, March 18 (renaming of <i>F. c. youngi</i>
Goldman, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 49:137, August 22,
type from Bruni Ranch, near Bruni, Webb Co., Texas).</p>
<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Distribution in Tamaulipas.</i>—Restricted to mountains of
state.</p></div>
<p>The two specimens examined are skulls only, which were picked up in the
field. In general the measurements are like those given<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_463" id="Page_463">[Pg 463]</a></span> by Goldman
(1946:233) for the males of <i>Felis concolor stanleyana</i>. But the skull
from Miquihuana yielded measurements that suggest intergradation
between <i>F. c. stanleyana</i> and <i>F. c. azteca</i> of the western mountains
of Tamaulipas.</p>
<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Measurements.</i>—Two skulls, one from Miquihuana and the
second from 9-1/2 mi. SW Padilla, yield measurements as
follows: greatest length, 214.0, 213.0; condylobasal length,
195.0, 190.0; zygomatic breadth, 146.0, 140.1; height of
skull (frontals to palate), 70.0, 72.4; interorbital
constriction, 41.6, 41.4; breadth of nasals (at posterior
union between premaxilla and maxilla), 20.1, 17.9; length of
maxillary tooth-row, 62.7, 63.3; crown length of P3, 23.3,
——; breadth of P3, 11.9, 12.2; anteroposterior diameter of
upper canine, 15.1, 15.3.</p>
<p><i>Records of occurrence.</i>—Specimens examined, 2: 9-1/2 mi.
SW Padilla, 800 ft., 1; Miquihuana, 6400 ft., 1.</p>
<p>Additional records: Matamoros (Goldman, 1946:234); Zamorina
(Hooper, 1953:4).</p></div>
<h3>Felis onca veraecrucis <span class="fwn">Nelson and Goldman</span><br />
<span class="fwn">Jaguar</span></h3>
<p class="i3">1933. <i>Felis onca veraecrucis</i> Nelson and Goldman, Jour.
Mamm., 14:236, August 17, type from San Andrés Tuxtla,
Veracruz.</p>
<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Distribution in Tamaulipas.</i>—Originally all of state; now
restricted to sparsely populated areas.</p></div>
<p>Only one cranium, from the Sierra de Tamaulipas, was examined. It is in
good condition but lacks all the teeth except P3 and P4 on the right
side. The measurements are larger than those given by Goodwin (1954:15)
for a skull from five miles north of Gómez Farías.</p>
<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Measurements.</i>—The cranium, sex undetermined, from the
Sierra de Tamaulipas, affords measurements as follows:
greatest length, 238.0; condylobasal length, 204.0;
zygomatic breadth, 166.0; breadth of rostrum, 66.1;
interorbital constriction, 48.2; mastoid breadth, 100.7;
crown length of carnassial, 24.1.</p>
<p><i>Records of occurrence.</i>—One specimen examined from Sierra
de Tamaulipas, 2 mi. S, 10 mi. W Piedra.</p>
<p>Additional records: between Aldama and Soto la Marina
(Nelson and Goldman, 1933:237); 5 km. N Gómez Farías
(Goodwin, 1954:15).</p></div>
<h3>Felis pardalis albescens <span class="fwn">Pucheran</span><br />
<span class="fwn">Ocelot</span></h3>
<p class="i3">1855. <i>Felis albescens</i> Pucheran, in I. Geoffroy
Saint-Hilaire, Mammiferes, in Petit-Thoaurs, Voyage autor du
monde sur ... <i>la Venus</i> ..., Zoologie, p. 149, type
locality, Arkansas.</p>
<p class="i3">1906. <i>Felis pardalis albescens</i>, J. A. Allen, Bull. Amer.
Mus. Nat. Hist., 22:219, July 25.</p>
<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Distribution in Tamaulipas.</i>—All of state, except part
west of Sierra Madre Oriental.</p></div>
<p>Hall and Kelson (1959:961) reported from Tamaulipas two subspecies of
<i>Felis pardalis</i>. According to Goldman (1943:379) the more northern of
the two, <i>F. p. albescens</i>, is smaller than the more southern one, <i>F.
p. pardalis</i>. The skull examined, of a young female,<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_464" id="Page_464">[Pg 464]</a></span> from 10 miles
north of Altamira, in southern Tamaulipas, is small, smaller even than
skulls of <i>albescens</i> from Texas used in comparison. For this reason I
here assign the specimen examined to <i>F. p. albescens</i> instead of <i>F.
p. pardalis</i> as did Hall and Kelson (<i>op. cit.</i>). Hooper (1953:4) and
Dice (1937:251) report as <i>F. p. pardalis</i> specimens from 10 miles
northeast of Zamorina and others from the Sierra San Carlos. I assume
that specimens from these two places should be referred to <i>albescens</i>
since the specimen from 10 miles north of Altamira, the southernmost
locality represented in Tamaulipas, is here referred to <i>albescens</i>.</p>
<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Measurements.</i>—Skull, from 10 mi. N of Altamira, measured
as follows: condylobasal length, 97.3; zygomatic breadth,
77.6; squamosal constriction, 50.5; interorbital
constriction, 22.2; postorbital constriction, 32.1; length
of maxillary tooth-row, 34.7; length of upper carnassial
crown (outer side), 13.6.</p>
<p><i>Records of occurrence.</i>—One specimen examined, from 10 mi.
N Altamira.</p>
<p>Additional records: Matamoros (Goldman, 1943:379); Sierra
San Carlos (El Mulato and San José) (Dice, 1937:251); Soto
la Marina (Goldman, 1943:379); 10 mi. NE Zamorina (Hooper,
1934:4).</p></div>
<h3>Felis wiedii oaxacensis <span class="fwn">Nelson and Goldman</span><br />
<span class="fwn">Margay</span></h3>
<p class="i3">1931. <i>Felis glaucula oaxacensis</i> Nelson and Goldman, Jour.
Mamm., 12:303, August 24, type from Cerro San Felipe, 10,000
ft., near Oaxaca, Oaxaca.</p>
<p class="i3">1943. <i>Felis wiedii oaxacensis</i>, Goldman, Jour. Mamm.,
24:383, August 17.</p>
<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Distribution in Tamaulipas.</i>—Probably along Sierra Madre
Oriental; known only from Rancho del Cielo (Goodwin,
1954:15).</p></div>
<h3>Felis yaguaroundi cacomitli <span class="fwn">Berlandier</span><br />
<span class="fwn">Yaguaroundi</span></h3>
<p class="i3">1895. <i>Felis cacomitli</i> Berlandier, <i>in</i> Baird, Mammals of
the boundary, <i>in</i> Emory, Rept. U. S. and Mexican boundary
survey 2(2):12, January, type from Matamoros, Tamaulipas.</p>
<p class="i3">1905. <i>Felis yaguaroundi cacomitli</i>, Elliot, Field Columb.
Mus. Publ. 105, Zool. Ser., 6:370, December 6.</p>
<p class="i3">1901. <i>Felis apache</i> Mearns, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington,
14:150, August 9, type from Matamoros, Tamaulipas.</p>
<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Distribution in Tamaulipas.</i>—Eastern and northern parts of
Sierra Madre Oriental; known only from type locality and
near Gómez Farías (Goodwin, 1954:15).</p></div>
<h3>Lynx rufus texensis <span class="fwn">J. A. Allen</span><br />
<span class="fwn">Bobcat</span></h3>
<p class="i3">1895. <i>Lynx texensis</i> J. A. Allen, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat.
Hist., 7:188, June 20, based on the description of a bobcat
by Audubon and Bachman, The viviparous quadrupeds of North
America, 2:293, 1851, from "the vicinity of Castroville, on
the headwaters of the Medina [River]," Medina Co., Texas.</p>
<p class="i3">1897. <i>Lynx rufus texensis</i>, Mearns, Preliminary diagnoses
of new mammals ... from the Mexican boundary line, p. 2,
January 12 (preprint of Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 20:458,
December 24).</p>
<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_465" id="Page_465">[Pg 465]</a></span></p>
<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Distribution in Tamaulipas.</i>—Probably occurs in western
half of state; known only from two localities.</p></div>
<p>The specimen examined was shot at night at about 3:00 a. m. in the beam
of a headlight in typical scrub "monte." The native name for this
bobcat in Tamaulipas is "gato rabón."</p>
<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Measurements.</i>—A male, from Rancho Santa Rosa, measured as
follows: 885; 170; 172; 71; condylobasal length, 105.2;
interorbital constriction, 22.5; postorbital constriction,
34.6; zygomatic breadth, 83.5; squamosal constriction, 51.7;
length of maxillary tooth-row (C-P2), 38.2; length of upper
carnassial (outer side), 14.5.</p>
<p><i>Record of occurrence.</i>—One specimen examined from Rancho
Santa Rosa, 360 m.</p>
<p>Additional records: Matamoros (Baird, 1858:96); El Mulato
(Dice, 1937:251).</p></div>
<h3>Trichechus manatus latirostris <span class="fwn">(Harlan)</span><br />
<span class="fwn">Manatee</span></h3>
<p class="i3">1823. <i>Manatus latirostris</i> Harlan, Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci.
Philadelphia, 3(1):394. Type locality, near the capes of
East Florida.</p>
<p class="i3">1934. <i>Trichechus manatus latirostris</i>, Hatt, Bull. Amer.
Mus. Nat. Hist., 66:538, September 10.</p>
<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Distribution in Tamaulipas.</i>—Reported from mouth of Río
Grande (Miller and Kellogg, 1955:791); probably extirpated
in state.</p></div>
<h3>Tayassu tajacu angulatus <span class="fwn">(Cope)</span><br />
<span class="fwn">Collared Peccary</span></h3>
<p class="i3">1889. <i>Dicotyles angulatus</i> Cope, Amer. Nat., 23:147,
February, type from Guadalupe River, Texas.</p>
<p class="i3">1953. <i>Tayassu tajacu angulatus</i>, Dalquest, Louisiana State
Univ. Studies, Biol. Sci. Ser., 1:207, December 28.</p>
<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Distribution in Tamaulipas.</i>—All of state, in suitable
habitats.</p>
<p>Records: Near El Mulato (Dice, 1937:256); Alta Cima
(Goodwin, 1954:15); Rancho del Cielo (<i>ibid.</i>); approx. 10
mi. N Cues (Leopold, 1947:443 map).</p></div>
<h3>Odocoileus hemionus crooki <span class="fwn">(Mearns)</span><br />
<span class="fwn">Mule Deer</span></h3>
<p class="i3">1897. <i>Dorcelaphus crooki</i> Mearns, Preliminary diagnoses of
new mammals of the genera <i>Mephitis</i>, <i>Dorcelaphus</i> and
<i>Dicotyles</i>, from the Mexican border ..., p. 2, February 11,
type locality summit Dog Mtns., 6129 ft., Hidalgo Co., New
Mexico.</p>
<p class="i3">1939. <i>Odocoileus hemionus crooki</i>, Goldman and Kellogg,
Jour. Mamm., 20:507, November 14.</p>
<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Distribution in Tamaulipas.</i>—Reported only from Cerro del
Tigre (Leopold, 1959:504), but probably throughout western
part of state. Now rare in the state.</p></div>
<h3>Odocoileus virginianus<br />
<span class="fwn">White-tailed Deer</span></h3>
<p>This species is relatively abundant in Tamaulipas from where three
subspecies have been reported. Two specimens examined were shot at
night.</p><p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_466" id="Page_466">[Pg 466]</a></span></p>
<h3>Odocoileus virginianus miquihuanensis <span class="fwn">Goldman and Kellogg</span></h3>
<p class="i3">1940. <i>Odocoileus virginianus miquihuanensis</i> Goldman and
Kellogg, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 53:84, June 28, type
from Sierra Madre Oriental, 6000 ft., near Miquihuana,
Tamaulipas.</p>
<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Distribution in Tamaulipas.</i>—Throughout Sierra Madre
Oriental.</p></div>
<p>An adult male, having two points on each antler, and a young male were
examined and identified as this subspecies because of their small size
and dark color.</p>
<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Measurements.</i>—A male from 15 km. W Rancho Santa Rosa
affords measurements as follows: 1385; 245; 330; 154;
condylobasal length, 234; length of maxillary tooth-row,
76.3; width across orbits at frontal-jugal suture, 100.9.</p>
<p><i>Records of occurrence</i>.—Specimens examined, 2: 15 km. W
Rancho Santa Rosa, 4500 ft., 1; Ejido Santa Isabel, 2000
ft., 1.</p>
<p>Additional records (Goodwin, 1954:15): San Antonio, 11 km.
SW Joya de Salas; Rancho Pano Ayuctle.</p></div>
<h3>Odocoileus virginianus texanus <span class="fwn">(Mearns)</span></h3>
<p class="i3">1898. <i>Dorcelaphus texanus</i> Mearns, Proc. Biol. Soc.
Washington, 12:23, January 27, type from Fort Clark [north
of Eagle Pass on Big Bend of Rio Grande], Kinney Co., Texas.</p>
<p class="i3">1902. <i>Dama v[irginiana]. texensis</i> [<i>sic</i>], J. A. Allen,
Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 16:20, February 1.</p>
<p class="i3">1901. <i>Odocoileus texensis</i> Miller and Rehn, Proc. Boston
Soc. Nat. Hist., 30:17, December 27, an accidental renaming
of <i>texanus</i>.</p>
<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Distribution in Tamaulipas.</i>—Probably all of northern part
of state.</p></div>
<p>Two fragments of lower jaw from the barrier beach were examined and
assigned to this subspecies on geographic grounds.</p>
<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Records of occurrence.</i>—Specimens examined, 2, fragments
from 33 mi. S Washington Beach.</p>
<p>Additional records: Sierra San Carlos (El Mulato and
Sardinia) (Dice, 1937:256).</p></div>
<h3>Odocoileus virginianus veraecrucis <span class="fwn">Goldman and Kellogg</span></h3>
<p class="i3">1940. <i>Odocoileus virginianus veraecrucis</i> Goldman and
Kellogg, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 53:89, June 28, type
from Chijol, 200 ft., Veracruz.</p>
<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Distribution in Tamaulipas.</i>—Tropical area, reported only
from Soto la Marina (Miller and Kellogg, 1955:806) and
Savinito Tierre [= Tierra] Caliente (J. A. Allen, 1881:184)
and Tampico (<i>ibid.</i>) as <i>Cariacus virginianus mexicanus</i>.</p></div>
<h3>Mazama americana temama <span class="fwn">(Kerr)</span><br />
<span class="fwn">Red Brocket</span></h3>
<p class="i3">1782. <i>Cervus temama</i> Kerr, The Animal kingdom ..., p. 303.
Type locality, restricted to Mirador, Veracruz, by
Hershkovitz (Fieldiana-Zool., Chicago Nat. Hist. Mus.,
31:567, July 10, 1951).</p>
<p class="i3">1951. <i>Mazama americana temama</i>, Hershkovitz.
Fieldiana-Zool., Chicago Nat. Hist. Mus., 31:567, July 10.</p>
<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Distribution in Tamaulipas.</i>—Southern part of state in
tropical area.</p></div>
<p>The specimen examined is conspicuously darker than specimens from
Veracruz and Chiapas, being especially more brownish and less reddish.</p><p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_467" id="Page_467">[Pg 467]</a></span></p>
<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Records of occurrence.</i>—One specimen examined from Rancho
Pano Ayuctle (skin only).</p>
<p>Additional records: Alta Cima (Goodwin, 1954:15); Rancho del
Cielo (Hooper, 1953:10).</p></div>
<h3>Antilocapra americana mexicana <span class="fwn">Merriam</span><br />
<span class="fwn">Pronghorn</span></h3>
<p class="i3">1901. <i>Antilocapra americana mexicana</i> Merriam, Proc. Biol.
Soc. Washington, 14:31, April 5, type from Sierra en Media,
Chihuahua.</p>
<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Distribution in Tamaulipas.</i>—Originally in the northern
part of state; now absent from Tamaulipas.</p></div>
<p><i>Antilocapra</i> is here included on the basis of a skull recorded by
Baird (1858:669) from Matamoros. J. A. Allen (1881:184) doubted the
occurrence of this animal in Tamaulipas because Dr. Palmer found no
indications of the presence of <i>Antilocapra</i> in any portion of the area
that he traversed, which apparently was only southern Tamaulipas.</p>
<p>I am sure that the pronghorn is extinct in Tamaulipas, but its
occurrence in the northern part of the state in relatively recent time
(more than 100 years ago) seems possible because the habitat in
northern Tamaulipas is suitable for the pronghorn.</p>
<hr class="chap" />
<h2><a name="LITERATURE_CITED" id="LITERATURE_CITED"></a>LITERATURE CITED</h2>
<p><span class="smcap">Allen, H.</span></p>
<p class="i3">1862. Descriptions of two new species of Vespertilionidae,
and some remarks on the genus Antrozous. Proc. Acad. Nat.
Sci. Philadelphia, pp. 246-248, between May 27 and August 1.</p>
<p class="i3">1894. A monograph of the bats of North America. Bull. U. S.
Nat. Mus., 43:ix + 198, 38 pls., March 14.</p>
<p><span class="smcap">Allen, J. A.</span></p>
<p class="i3">1881. <i>List of mammals collected by Dr. Edward Palmer in
northeastern Mexico, with field-notes by the collector.</i>
Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 8:183-189, March.</p>
<p class="i3">1891. <i>On a collection of mammals from southern Texas and
northeastern Mexico.</i> Bull. Amer. Nat. Hist., 3:219-229,
December.</p>
<p class="i3">1891. A preliminary study of the North American opossums of
the genus Didelphis. <i>Ibid.</i>, 14:149-188, 4 pls., June 15.</p>
<p><span class="smcap">Alvarez, T.</span></p>
<p class="i3">1961. Taxonomic status of some mice of the Peromyscus boylii
group in eastern México, with description of a new
subspecies. Univ. Kansas Publ., Mus. Nat. Hist., 14:111-120,
1 fig., December 29.</p>
<p class="i3">1962. A new subspecies of ground squirrel (Spermophilus
spilosoma) from Tamaulipas, México. <i>Ibid.</i>, 14:121-124,
March 7.</p>
<p><span class="smcap">Anderson, S.</span></p>
<p class="i3">1956. Extensions of known ranges of Mexican bats. <i>Ibid.</i>,
9:347-351, August 15.</p>
<p><span class="smcap">Anthony, H. E.</span></p>
<p class="i3">1923. Mammals from Mexico and South America. Amer. Mus.
Novit., 54:1-10, 2 figs., January 17.</p>
<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_468" id="Page_468">[Pg 468]</a></span></p>
<p><span class="smcap">Bailey, V.</span></p>
<p class="i3">1895. Biological survey of Texas. N. Amer. Fauna, 25:1-222,
23 figs., 8 pls., October 24.</p>
<p><span class="smcap">Baird, S. T.</span></p>
<p class="i3">1855. <i>Characteristics of some new species of Mammalia,
collected by the U. S. and Mexican Boundary Survey, Major W.
H. Emory, U. S. A. Commissioner.</i> Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci.
Philadelphia, 7:331-333, April.</p>
<p class="i3">1858. Mammals. <i>In</i> General report upon the Zoology of the
Several Pacific railroad routes. U. S. P. R. R. Exp. and
Surveys, pp. xlviii + 757, 60 pls., July 14.</p>
<p><span class="smcap">Baker, R. H.</span></p>
<p class="i3">1951. Mammals from Tamaulipas, México. Univ. Kansas Publ.,
Mus. Nat. Hist., 5:207-218, December 15.</p>
<p class="i3">1956. Mammals of Coahuila, México. <i>Ibid.</i>, 9:125-335, 75
figs., June 15.</p>
<p class="i3">1958. El futuro de la fauna silvestre en el norte de México.
Anal. Inst. Biol., México, 28:349-357, June 14.</p>
<p><span class="smcap">Baker, R. H.</span>, and <span class="smcap">Villa R., B.</span></p>
<p class="i3">1960. Distribución geographica y población actuales del lobo
gris en México. <i>Ibid.</i>, 30:369-374, 1 map, March 31.</p>
<p><span class="smcap">Booth, E. S.</span></p>
<p class="i3">1957. Mammals collected in Mexico from 1951 to 1956 by the
Walla Walla College Museum of Natural History. Walla Walla
College Publ., 20:1-19, 3 maps, July 10.</p>
<p><span class="smcap">Burt, W. H.</span></p>
<p class="i3">1959. The history and affinities of the Recent land mammals
of western North America. <i>In</i> Zoogeography. Amer. Assoc.
Adv. Sci. Publ., 116, February 10.</p>
<p><span class="smcap">Burt, W. H.</span>, and <span class="smcap">Stirton, R. A.</span></p>
<p class="i3">1961. The mammals of El Salvador. Misc. Publ. Mus. Zool.,
Univ. Michigan, 117:1-69, 2 figs., September 22.</p>
<p><span class="smcap">Carter, D. C.</span>, and <span class="smcap">Davis, W. B.</span></p>
<p class="i3">1961. <i>Tadarida aurispinosa</i> (Peale) (Chiroptera:
Molossidae) in North America. Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington,
74:161-165, August 11.</p>
<p><span class="smcap">Dalquest, W. W.</span></p>
<p class="i3">1951. Two new mammals from Central Mexico. <i>Ibid.</i>,
64:105-107, August 24.</p>
<p class="i3">1953. Mammals of the Mexican state of San Luis Potosí.
Louisiana St. Univ. Press, pp. 1-133, 1 fig., December 28.</p>
<p><span class="smcap">Dalquest, W. W.</span>, and <span class="smcap">Hall, E. R.</span></p>
<p class="i3">1949. A new subspecies of funnel-eared bat (Natalus
mexicanus) from eastern Mexico. Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington,
62:153-154, August 23.</p>
<p><span class="smcap">Davis, W. B.</span></p>
<p class="i3">1944. Notes on Mexican mammals. Jour. Mamm., 25:270-403,
December 12.</p>
<p class="i3">1951. Bat, <i>Molossus nigricans</i>, eaten by the rat snake,
<i>Elaphe laeta</i>. <i>Ibid.</i>, 32:219, May 21.</p>
<p class="i3">1958. Review of Mexican bats of the Artibeus "cinereus"
complex. Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 71:163-166, December
31.</p>
<p><span class="smcap">Davis, W. B.</span>, and <span class="smcap">Carter, D. C.</span></p>
<p class="i3">1962. Notes on Central American bats with description of a
new subspecies of Mormoops. Southwestern Nat., 7:64-74, 1
fig., June 1.</p>
<p><span class="smcap">de la Torre, L.</span></p>
<p class="i3">1954. Bats from southern Tamaulipas, Mexico. Jour. Mamm.,
35:113-116, February 10.</p>
<p class="i3">1955. Bats from Guerrero, Jalisco and Oaxaca, Mexico.
Fieldiana-Zool., 37:695-701, 1 fig., 2 pls., June 19.</p>
<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_469" id="Page_469">[Pg 469]</a></span></p>
<p><span class="smcap">Dice, L. R.</span></p>
<p class="i3">1937. Mammals of the San Carlos Mountains and vicinity.
Univ. Michigan Studies Sci. Ser., 12:245-268, 3 pls.</p>
<p class="i3">1943. The Biotic Provinces of North America. Univ. Michigan
Press, pp. viii + 78, 1 map.</p>
<p><span class="smcap">Findley, J. S.</span></p>
<p class="i3">1955. Taxonomy and distribution of some American shrews.
Univ. Kansas Publ., Mus. Nat. Hist., 7:613-618, June 10.</p>
<p class="i3">1960. Identity of the long-eared Myotis of the southwest and
Mexico. Jour. Mamm., 41:16-20, 1 fig., 1 pl., February 20.</p>
<p><span class="smcap">Goldman, E. A.</span></p>
<p class="i3">1911. Revision of the spiny pocket mice (Genus Heteromys and
Liomys). N. Amer. Fauna, 34:1-70, 6 figs., 3 pls., September
7.</p>
<p class="i3">1915. Five new mammals from Mexico and Arizona. Proc. Biol.
Soc. Washington, 28:133-137, June 29.</p>
<p class="i3">1918. The rice rats of North America (Genus Oryzomys). N.
Amer. Fauna, 43:1-100, 11 figs., 6 pls., September 23.</p>
<p class="i3">1938. Three new races of Microtus mexicanus. Jour. Mamm.,
19:493-495, November 14.</p>
<p class="i3">1942. A new white-footed mouse from Mexico. Proc. Biol. Soc.
Washington, 55:157-158, October 17.</p>
<p class="i3">1942. Notes on the coatis of the Mexican mainland. Proc.
Biol. Soc. Washington, 55:79-82, June 25.</p>
<p class="i3">1943. The races of the ocelot and margay in Middle America.
Jour. Mamm., 24:372-385, August 18.</p>
<p class="i3">1946. <i>Classification of the races of the puma</i>, pp.
175-302, pls. 46-93, fig. 6, tables 12-13, <i>in</i> Young, S.
P., and Goldman, E. A., <i>The puma</i>, mysterious American cat.
Amer. Wildlife Inst., xiv + 358 pp., 93 pls., 6 figs., 13
tables, November 16.</p>
<p class="i3">1950. Raccoons of North and Middle America. N. Amer. Fauna,
60:vi + 153, 2 figs., 22 pls., November 7.</p>
<p class="i3">1951. Biological investigations in Mexico. Smithsonian Misc.
Coll., 115:xiii + 476, 71 pls., 1 map, July 31.</p>
<p><span class="smcap">Goldman, E. A.</span>, and <span class="smcap">Moore, R. T.</span></p>
<p class="i3">1946. The Biotic Provinces of Mexico. Jour. Mamm.,
26:347-360, 1 fig., February 12.</p>
<p><span class="smcap">Goodwin, G. G.</span></p>
<p class="i3">1954. Mammals from Mexico collected by Marian Martin for the
American Museum of Natural History. Amer. Mus. Novit,
1689:1-16, November 12.</p>
<p class="i3">1958. Bats of the genus <i>Rhogeëssa</i>. <i>Ibid.</i>, 1923:1-17,
December 31.</p>
<p class="i3">1959. Bats of the genus <i>Natalus</i>. <i>Ibid.</i>, 1977:1-22, 2
figs., December 22.</p>
<p class="i3">1960. The status of <i>Vespertilio auripendulus</i> Shaw, 1800,
and <i>Molossus ater</i> Geoffroy, 1805. <i>Ibid.</i>, 1994:1-6, 1
fig., March 8.</p>
<p class="i3">1961. Flying squirrel (<i>Glaucomys volans</i>) of Middle
America. <i>Ibid.</i>, 2059:1-22, 7 figs., November 29.</p>
<p><span class="smcap">Hall, E. R.</span></p>
<p class="i3">1951. Mammals obtained by Dr. Curt von Wedel from the
barrier beach of Tamaulipas, México. Univ. Kansas Publ.,
Mus. Nat. Hist., 5:33-47, 1 fig., October 1.</p>
<p class="i3">1951. A synopsis of the North American Lagomorpha. <i>Ibid.</i>,
5:119-202, 68 figs., December 15.</p>
<p class="i3">1951. American weasels. <i>Ibid.</i>, 4:1-466, 31 figs., 41 pls.,
December 27.</p>
<p class="i3">1952. Taxonomic notes on Mexican bats of the genus
Rhogeëssa. <i>Ibid.</i>, 5:227-232, April 10.</p>
<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_470" id="Page_470">[Pg 470]</a></span></p>
<p><span class="smcap">Hall, E. R.</span>, and <span class="smcap">Alvarez, T.</span></p>
<p class="i3">1961. A new subspecies of the black Myotis (bat) from
eastern México. <i>Ibid.</i>, 14:69-72, 1 fig., December 29.</p>
<p><span class="smcap">Hall, E. R.</span>, and <span class="smcap">Jones, J. K., Jr.</span></p>
<p class="i3">1961. North American yellow bats, "Dasypterus," and a list
of the named kinds of the genus Lasiurus Gray. <i>Ibid.</i>,
14:73-98, 4 figs., December 29.</p>
<p><span class="smcap">Hall, E. R.</span>, and <span class="smcap">Kelson, K. R.</span></p>
<p class="i3">1959. The mammals of North America. The Ronald Press Co.,
vol. 1:xxx + 546 + 1-79, vol. 2:viii + 547 + 1-79, 724
figs., 500 maps, March 31.</p>
<p><span class="smcap">Handley, C. O., Jr.</span></p>
<p class="i3">1956. The taxonomic status of the <i>Corynorhinus phyllotis</i>
G. M. Allen and <i>Idionycteris mexicanus</i> Anthony. Proc.
Biol. Soc. Washington, 69:53-54, May 21.</p>
<p class="i3">1959. A revision of the American bats of the genera Euderma
and Plecotus. Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 110:95-246, 47 figs.,
September 3.</p>
<p class="i3">1960. Descriptions of new bats from Panama. <i>Ibid.</i>,
112:459-479, October 6.</p>
<p><span class="smcap">Hershkovitz, P.</span></p>
<p class="i3">1951. Mammals from British Honduras, Mexico, Jamaica and
Haiti. Fieldiana-Zool., 31:547-569, July 10.</p>
<p class="i3">1958. A geographic classification of Neotropical mammals.
<i>Ibid.</i>, 36:583-620, 2 figs., July 11.</p>
<p><span class="smcap">Hollister, N.</span></p>
<p class="i3">1914. A systematic account of the grasshopper mice. Proc. U.
S. Nat. Mus., 47:427-489, 1 pl., October 29.</p>
<p class="i3">1925. The systematic name of the Texas armadillo. Jour.
Mamm., 16:60, February 9.</p>
<p><span class="smcap">Hooper, E. T.</span></p>
<p class="i3">1952. A systematic review of the harvest mice (Genus
Reithrodontomys) of Latin America. Misc. Publ. Mus. Zool.,
Univ. Michigan, 77:1-255, 23 figs., 9 pls., 12 maps, January
16.</p>
<p class="i3">1952. Notes on mice of the species <i>Peromyscus boylei</i> and
<i>P. pectoralis</i>. Jour. Mamm., 33:371-378, 2 figs., August
19.</p>
<p class="i3">1953. Notes on mammals of Tamaulipas, Mexico. Occas. Papers
Mus. Zool., Univ. Michigan, 544:1-12, March 25.</p>
<p><span class="smcap">Hooper, E. T.</span>, and <span class="smcap">Handley, C. O., Jr.</span></p>
<p class="i3">1948. Character gradients in the spiny pocket mouse, <i>Liomys
irroratus</i>. <i>Ibid.</i>, 514:1-34, 1 map, October 29.</p>
<p><span class="smcap">Howell, A. H.</span></p>
<p class="i3">1901. Revision of the skunks of the genus Chincha. N. Amer.
Fauna, 20:1-62, 8 pls., August 31.</p>
<p class="i3">1938. Revision of the North American ground squirrels, with
a classification of the North American Sciuridae. N. Amer.
Fauna, 56:1-256, 20 figs., 32 pls., May 18.</p>
<p><span class="smcap">Jackson, H. H. T.</span></p>
<p class="i3">1914. New moles of the genus Scalopus. Proc. Biol. Soc.
Washington, 27:19-21, February 2.</p>
<p class="i3">1928. A taxonomic review of the American long-tailed shrews
(Genus Sorex and Microsorex). N. Amer. Fauna, 51:vi + 238,
24 figs., 13 pls., July 24.</p>
<p class="i3">1951. Classification of the races of the coyote, pt. 2, pp.
227-341, pls. 58-81, figs. 20-28, <i>in</i> Young, S. P., and
Jackson, H. H. T., The clever coyote. Stackpole Co.,
Harrisburg, Pa., and Wildlife Manag. Inst., Washington, D.
C., xv + 411 pp., 81 pls., 28 figs., 11 tables, November 29.</p>
<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_471" id="Page_471">[Pg 471]</a></span></p>
<p><span class="smcap">Jones, J. K., Jr.</span>, and <span class="smcap">Alvarez, T.</span></p>
<p class="i3">1962. Taxonomic status of the free-tailed bat, Tadarida
yucatanica Miller. Univ. Kansas Publ., Mus. Nat. Hist,
14:125-133, 1 fig., March 7.</p>
<p><span class="smcap">Jones, J. K., Jr.</span>, and <span class="smcap">Anderson, S.</span></p>
<p class="i3">1958. Noteworthy records of harvest mice in México. Jour.
Mamm., 39:446-447, August 20.</p>
<p><span class="smcap">Kellogg, R.</span>, and <span class="smcap">Goldman, E. A.</span></p>
<p class="i3">1944. Review of the spider monkeys. Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus.,
96:1-45, November 2.</p>
<p><span class="smcap">Kelson, K. R.</span></p>
<p class="i3">1952. The subspecies of the Mexican red-bellied squirrel,
Sciurus aureogaster. Univ. Kansas Publ., Mus. Nat. Hist.,
5:243-250, April 10.</p>
<p><span class="smcap">Lawrence, B.</span></p>
<p class="i3">1947. A new race of Oryzomys from Tamaulipas. Proc. New
England Zool. Club, 24:101-103, May 29.</p>
<p><span class="smcap">Leopold, A. S.</span></p>
<p class="i3">1947. Status of Mexican Big-game herds. Trans. 12th N. Amer.
Wild. Conference, pp. 437-448.</p>
<p class="i3">1950. Vegetation zones of Mexico. Ecology, 31:507-518, 1
fig., October.</p>
<p class="i3">1959. Wildlife of Mexico. The Game birds and mammals. Univ.
California Press, pp. xiii + 568, 193 figs.</p>
<p><span class="smcap">Lidicker, W. Z., Jr.</span></p>
<p class="i3">1960. An analysis of intraspecific variation in the kangaroo
rat Dipodomys merriami. Univ. California Publ. Zool.,
67:125-218, 20 figs., 4 pls., August 4.</p>
<p><span class="smcap">Lukens, P. W., Jr.</span>, and <span class="smcap">Davis, W. B.</span></p>
<p class="i3">1957. Bats of the Mexican state of Guerrero. Jour. Mamm.,
38:1-14, February 25.</p>
<p><span class="smcap">Malaga A., A.</span>, and <span class="smcap">Villa R., B.</span></p>
<p class="i3">1957. Algunas notas acerca de la distribución de los
murciélagos de America del Norte relacionados con el
problema de la rabia. Anal. Inst. Biol., México, 27:529-568,
8 figs., 10 maps, September 30.</p>
<p><span class="smcap">Martin, M.</span>, and P. S.</p>
<p class="i3">1954. Notes on the capture of tropical bats at cuevo [sic]
El Pachon, Tamaulipas, Mexico. Jour. Mamm., 35:584-585,
November.</p>
<p><span class="smcap">Martin, P. S.</span></p>
<p class="i3">1958. A biogeography of reptiles and amphibians in the Gomez
Farias region, Tamaulipas, Mexico. Misc. Publ. Mus. Zool.,
Univ. Michigan, 101:1-102, 7 figs., 7 pls., 4 maps, April
15.</p>
<p><span class="smcap">Martin, P. S.</span>, <span class="smcap">Robins, C. R.</span>, and <span class="smcap">Heed, W. B.</span></p>
<p class="i3">1954. Birds and biogeography of the Sierra de Tamaulipas, an
isolated pine-oak habitat. Wilson Bull., 66:38-57, 2 figs.,
1 map, March.</p>
<p><span class="smcap">Merriam, C. H.</span></p>
<p class="i3">1895. Revision of the shrews of the American genera Blarina
and Notiosorex. N. Amer. Fauna, 10:1-34, 2 figs., December
31.</p>
<p class="i3">1895. Monographic revision of the pocket gophers, family
Geomydae (Exclusive of the species Thomomys). <i>Ibid.</i>,
8:1-258, 10 figs., 19 pls., 3 maps, January 31.</p>
<p class="i3">1898. Life Zones and Crop Zones of the United States. U. S.
Dept. Agriculture, Bull., 10:1-79, 1 map, June.</p>
<p><span class="smcap">Miller, G. S., Jr.</span></p>
<p class="i3">1897. Revision of the North American bats of the family
Vespertilionidae. N. Amer. Fauna, 13:1-140, 40 figs., 3
pls., October 16. 1913. Revision of the bats of the genus
Glossophaga. Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 46:413-429, 1 fig.,
December 31.</p>
<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_472" id="Page_472">[Pg 472]</a></span></p>
<p class="i3">1924. List of North American Recent mammals, 1923. Bull. U.
S. Nat. Mus., 128:xvi + 673, April 29.</p>
<p><span class="smcap">Miller, G. S., Jr.</span>, and <span class="smcap">Allen, G. M.</span></p>
<p class="i3">1928. The American bats of the genera Myotis and Pizonyx.
<i>Ibid.</i>, 144:vii + 217, 13 maps, May 25.</p>
<p><span class="smcap">Miller, G. S., Jr.</span>, and <span class="smcap">Kellogg, R.</span></p>
<p class="i3">1955. List of North American mammals. <i>Ibid.</i>, 205:xii +
954, March 3.</p>
<p><span class="smcap">Nelson, E. W.</span></p>
<p class="i3">1898. Description of the squirrels from Mexico and Central
America. Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 12:145-156, June 3.</p>
<p class="i3">1899. Revision of the squirrels of Mexico and Central
America. Proc. Washington Acad. Sci., 1:15-106, 2 pls., May
9.</p>
<p class="i3">1904. Descriptions of seven new rabbits from Mexico. Proc.
Biol. Soc. Washington, 17:103-110, May 18.</p>
<p class="i3">1909. The rabbits of North America. N. Amer. Fauna,
29:1-314, 8 pls., August 31.</p>
<p><span class="smcap">Nelson, E. W.</span>, and <span class="smcap">Goldman, E. A.</span></p>
<p class="i3">1933. Revision of the jaguars. Jour. Mamm., 14:221-240,
August 17.</p>
<p class="i3">1934. Revision of the pocket gophers of the genus
Cratogeomys. Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 47:135-153, June
13.</p>
<p><span class="smcap">Osgood, W. H.</span></p>
<p class="i3">1900. Revision of the pocket mice of the genus Perognathus.
N. Amer. Fauna, 18:1-72, 15 figs., 4 pls., September 20.</p>
<p class="i3">1909. Revision of the mice of the American genus Peromyscus.
<i>Ibid.</i>, 28:1-285, 12 figs., 8 pls., April 17.</p>
<p class="i3">1945. Two new rodents from Mexico. Jour. Mamm., 26:299-301,
November 14.</p>
<p><span class="smcap">Packard, R. L.</span></p>
<p class="i3">1960. Speciation and evolution of the pygmy mice, genus
Baiomys. Univ. Kansas Publ., Mus. Nat. Hist., 9:579-670, 12
figs., 4 pls., June 16.</p>
<p><span class="smcap">Rhoads, S. N.</span></p>
<p class="i3">1893. Geographic variation in Bassariscus astutus, with
description of a new subspecies. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci.
Philadelphia, 45:413-418, January 30.</p>
<p><span class="smcap">Schantz, V. S.</span></p>
<p class="i3">1949. Three new races of badgers (Taxidea) from southwestern
United States. Jour. Mamm., 30:301-305, August 17.</p>
<p><span class="smcap">Selander, R. K.</span>, <span class="smcap">Johnston, R. F.</span>, <span class="smcap">Wilks, B. J.</span>, and <span class="smcap">Raun, G. G.</span></p>
<p class="i3">1962. Vertebrates from the barrier islands of Tamaulipas,
México. Univ. Kansas Publ., Mus. Nat. Hist., 12:309-345, 4
pls., June 18.</p>
<p><span class="smcap">Setzer, H. S.</span></p>
<p class="i3">1949. Subspeciation in the kangaroo rat Dipodomys ordii.
Univ. Kansas Publ., Mus. Nat. Hist., 1:473-573, 27 figs.,
December 27.</p>
<p><span class="smcap">Shamel, H. H.</span></p>
<p class="i3">1931. Notes on the American bats of the genus Tadarida.
Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 78:1-27, May 6.</p>
<p><span class="smcap">Smith, H. M.</span></p>
<p class="i3">1949. Herpetogeny in Mexico and Guatemala. Assn. Amer.
Geographers, 39:219-238, 1 fig., September.</p>
<p><span class="smcap">Stains, H. J.</span></p>
<p class="i3">1957. A new bat (Genus Leptonycteris) from Coahuila. Univ.
Kansas Publ., Mus. Nat. Hist., 9:353-356, January 21.</p>
<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_473" id="Page_473">[Pg 473]</a></span></p>
<p><span class="smcap">Tamayo, J. L.</span></p>
<p class="i3">1949. Geografía general de México. Talleres Graficos de la
Nación, México, vol. 1:vii + 628, vol. 2:1-583.</p>
<p><span class="smcap">Van Gelder, R. G.</span></p>
<p class="i3">1959. A taxonomic revision of the spotted skunks (Genus
<i>Spilogale</i>). Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 117:233-392, 47
figs., June 15.</p>
<p><span class="smcap">Villa R., B.</span></p>
<p class="i3">1954. Distribución actual de los castores en México. Anal.
Inst. Biol., México, 25:443-450, 2 pls., 1 map, November 9.</p>
<p class="i3">1956. Tadarida brasiliensis mexicana (Saussure), el
murciélago guanero, es una subespecie migratoria. Acta Zool.
Mex., 1:1-11, 2 figs., September 15. 1958. El mono araña
(<i>Ateles geoffroyi</i>) encontrado en la costa de Jalisco y en
la región central de Tamaulipas. Anal. Inst. Biol., México,
28:345-347, June 14.</p>
<p><span class="smcap">Villa R., B.</span>, and <span class="smcap">Jimenez G., A.</span></p>
<p class="i3">1961. Acerca de la posición taxonomica de <i>Mormoops
megalophyla senicula</i> Rehn, y la presencia de virus rabico
en estos murciélagos insectivoros. <i>Ibid.</i>, 31:501-509, 1
fig., April 17.</p>
<p><span class="smcap">Vivo, J. A.</span></p>
<p class="i3">1953. Geografía de México. Fondo de Cultura Economica,
México. 3er. Ed., pp. 1-338, 37 pls.</p>
<p><i><small>Transmitted June 28, 1962</small></i></p>
<p class="center"><small>29-4228</small></p>
<hr class="chap" />
<p class="center"><small>(<a name="continued" id="continued"></a><a href="#front_pubs">Continued</a> from inside of front cover)</small></p>
<p class="i4">Vol. 10. 1. Studies of birds killed in nocturnal migration. By Harrison B. Tordoff and
Robert M. Mengel. Pp. 1-44, 6 figures in text, 2 tables. September 12, 1956.<br /><br />
2. Comparative breeding behavior of Ammospiza caudacuta and A. maritima.
By Glen E. Woolfenden. Pp. 45-75, 6 plates, 1 figure. December 20, 1956.<br /><br />
3. The forest habitat of the University of Kansas Natural History Reservation.
By Henry S. Fitch and Ronald R. McGregor. Pp. 77-127, 2 plates, 7 figures
in text, 4 tables. December 31, 1956.<br /><br />
4. Aspects of reproduction and development in the prairie vole (Microtus ochrogaster).
By Henry S. Fitch. Pp. 129-161, 8 figures in text, 4 tables. December
19, 1957.<br /><br />
5. Birds found on the Arctic slope of northern Alaska. By James W. Bee.
Pp. 163-211, plates 9-10, 1 figure in text. March 12, 1958.<br /><br />
6. The wood rats of Colorado: distribution and ecology. By Robert B. Finley,
Jr. Pp. 213-552, 34 plates, 8 figures in text, 35 tables. November 7, 1958.<br /><br />
7. Home ranges and movements of the eastern cottontail in Kansas. By Donald
W. Janes. Pp. 553-572, 4 plates, 3 figures in text. May 4, 1959.<br /><br />
8. Natural history of the salamander, Aneides hardyi. By Richard F. Johnston
and Gerhard A. Schad. Pp. 573-585. October 8, 1959.<br /><br />
9. A new subspecies of lizard, Cnemidophorus sacki, from Michoacán, México.
By William E. Duellman. Pp. 587-598, 2 figures in text. May 2, 1960.<br /><br />
10. A taxonomic study of the Middle American Snake, Pituophis deppei. By
William E. Duellman. Pp. 599-610, 1 plate, 1 figure in text. May 2, 1960.<br /><br />
Index. Pp. 611-626.</p>
<p class="i4">Vol. 11. 1. The systematic status of the colubrid snake, Leptodeira discolor Günther.
By William E. Duellman. Pp. 1-9, 4 figures. July 14, 1958.<br /><br />
2. Natural history of the six-lined racerunner, Cnemidophorus sexlineatus. By
Henry S. Fitch. Pp. 11-62, 9 figures, 9 tables. September 19, 1958.<br /><br />
3. Home ranges, territories, and seasonal movements of vertebrates of the
Natural History Reservation. By Henry S. Fitch. Pp. 63-326, 6 plates, 24
figures in text, 3 tables. December 12, 1958.<br /><br />
4. A new snake of the genus Geophis from Chihuahua, Mexico. By John M.
Legler. Pp. 327-334, 2 figures in text. January 28, 1959.<br /><br />
5. A new tortoise, genus Gopherus, from north-central Mexico. By John M.
Legler. Pp. 335-343. April 24, 1959.<br /><br />
6. Fishes of Chautauqua, Cowley and Elk counties, Kansas. By Artie L.
Metcalf. Pp. 345-400, 2 plates, 2 figures in text, 10 tables. May 6, 1959.<br /><br />
7. Fishes of the Big Blue river basin, Kansas. By W. L. Minckley. Pp. 401-442,
2 plates, 4 figures in text, 5 tables. May 8, 1959.<br /><br />
8. Birds from Coahuila, México. By Emil K. Urban. Pp. 443-516. August 1,
1959.<br /><br />
9. Description of a new softshell turtle from the southeastern United States. By
Robert G. Webb. Pp. 517-525, 2 plates, 1 figure in text. August 14, 1959.<br /><br />
10. Natural history of the ornate box turtle, Terrapene ornata ornata Agassiz. By
John M. Legler. Pp. 527-669, 16 pls., 29 figures in text. March 7, 1960.<br /><br />
Index Pp. 671-703.</p>
<p class="i4">Vol. 12. 1. Functional morphology of three bats: Eumops, Myotis, Macrotus. By Terry
A. Vaughan. Pp. 1-153, 4 plates, 24 figures in text. July 8, 1959.<br /><br />
2. The ancestry of modern Amphibia: a review of the evidence. By Theodore
H. Eaton, Jr. Pp. 155-180, 10 figures in text. July 10, 1959.<br /><br />
3. The baculum in microtine rodents. By Sydney Anderson. Pp. 181-216, 49
figures in text. February 19, 1960.<br /><br />
4. A new order of fishlike Amphibia from the Pennsylvanian of Kansas. By
Theodore H. Eaton, Jr., and Peggy Lou Stewart. Pp. 217-240, 12 figures in
text. May 2, 1960.<br /><br />
5. Natural history of the bell vireo. By Jon C. Barlow. Pp. 241-296, 6 figures
in text. March 7, 1962.<br /><br />
6. Two new pelycosaurs from the lower Permian of Oklahoma. By Richard C.
Fox. Pp. 297-307, 6 figures in text. May 21, 1962.<br /><br />
7. Vertebrates from the barrier island of Tamaulipas, México. By Robert K.
Selander, Richard F. Johnston, B. J. Wilks, and Gerald G. Raun. Pp. 309-345,
pls. 5-8. June 18, 1962.<br /><br />
8. Teeth of Edestid sharks. By Theodore H. Eaton, Jr. Pp. 347-362, 10 figures
in text. October 1, 1962.<br /><br />
More numbers will appear in volume 12.</p>
<p class="i4">Vol. 13. 1. Five natural hybrid combinations in minnows (Cyprinidae). By Frank B.
Cross and W. L. Minckley. Pp. 1-18. June 1, 1960.<br /><br />
2. A distributional study of the amphibians of the Isthmus of Tehuantepec,
México. By William E. Duellman. Pp. 19-72, pls. 1-8, 3 figures in text.
August 16, 1960.<br /><br />
3. A new subspecies of the slider turtle (Pseudemys scripta) from Coahuila,
México. By John M. Legler. Pp. 73-84, pls. 9-12, 3 figures in text. August
16, 1960.<br /><br />
4. Autecology of the copperhead. By Henry S. Fitch. Pp. 85-288, pls. 13-20,
26 figures in text. November 30, 1960.<br /><br />
5. Occurrence of the garter snake, Thamnophis sirtalis, in the great plains and
Rocky mountains. By Henry S. Fitch and T. Paul Maslin. Pp. 289-308,
4 figures in text. February 10, 1961.<br /><br />
6. Fishes of the Wakarusa river in Kansas. By James E. Deacon and Artie L.
Metcalf. Pp. 309-322, 1 figure in text. February 10, 1961.<br /><br />
7. Geographic variation in the North American Cyprinid fish, Hybopsis gracilis.
By Leonard J. Olund and Frank B. Cross. Pp. 323-348, pls. 21-24, 2 figures
in text. February 10, 1961.<br /><br />
8. Descriptions of two species of frogs, genus Ptychohyla; studies of American
Hylid frogs, V. By William E. Duellman. Pp. 349-357, pl. 25, 2 figures
in text. April 27, 1961.<br /><br />
9. Fish populations, following a drought, in the Neosho and Marais des Cygnes
rivers of Kansas. By James Everett Deacon. Pp. 359-427, pls. 26-30, 3 figures
in text. August 11, 1961.<br /><br />
10. North American recent soft-shelled turtles (family Trionychidae). By Robert
G. Webb. Pp. 429-611, pls. 31-54, 24 figures in text. February 16, 1962.<br /><br />
Index. Pp. 613-624.</p>
<p class="i4">Vol. 14. 1. Neotropical bats from western México. By Sydney Anderson. Pp. 1-8.
October 24, 1960.<br /><br />
2. Geographic variation in the harvest mouse, Reithrodontomys megalotis, on
the central great plains and in adjacent regions. By J. Knox Jones, Jr.,
and B. Mursaloglu. Pp. 9-27, 1 figure in text. July 24, 1961.<br /><br />
3. Mammals of Mesa Verde national park, Colorado. By Sydney Anderson.
Pp. 29-67, pls. 1 and 2, 3 figures in text. July 24, 1961.<br /><br />
4. A new subspecies of the black myotis (bat) from eastern México. By E.
Raymond Hall and Ticul Alvarez. Pp. 69-72, 1 fig. in text. December 29,
1961.<br /><br />
5. North American yellow bats, "Dasypterus," and a list of the named kinds
of the genus Lasiurus Gray. By E. Raymond Hall and J. Knox Jones, Jr.
Pp. 73-98, 4 figs. in text. December 29, 1961.<br /><br />
6. Natural history of the brush mouse (Peromyscus boylii) in Kansas with description
of a new subspecies. By Charles A. Long. Pp. 99-110, 1 fig. in
text. December 29, 1961.<br /><br />
7. Taxonomic status of some mice of the Peromyscus boylii group in eastern
México, with description of a new subspecies. By Ticul Alvarez. Pp. 111-120,
1 fig. in text. December 29, 1961.<br /><br />
8. A new subspecies of ground squirrel (Spermophilus spilosoma) from Tamaulipas,
México. By Ticul Alvarez. Pp. 121-124. March 7, 1962.<br /><br />
9. Taxonomic status of the free-tailed bat, Tadarida yucatanica Miller. By J.
Knox Jones, Jr., and Ticul Alvarez. Pp. 125-133, 1 figure in text. March
7, 1962.<br /><br />
10. A new doglike carnivore, genus Cynarctus, from the Clarendonian, Pliocene,
of Texas. By E. Raymond Hall and Walter W. Dalquest. Pp. 135-138, 2
figures in text. April 30, 1962.<br /><br />
11. A new subspecies of wood rat (Neotoma) from northeastern Mexico. By
Ticul Alvarez. Pp. 139-143. April 30, 1962.<br /><br />
12. Noteworthy mammals from Sinaloa, Mexico. By J. Knox Jones, Jr., Ticul
Alvarez, and M. Raymond Lee. Pp. 145-149, 1 figure in text. May 18, 1962.<br /><br />
13. A new bat (Myotis) from Mexico. By E. Raymond Hall. Pp. 161-164,
1 figure in text. May 21, 1962.<br /><br />
14. The Mammals of Veracruz. By E. Raymond Hall and Walter W. Dalquest.
Pp. 165-362, 2 figures in text. May 20, 1963.<br /><br />
15. The Recent mammals of Tamaulipas, Mexico. By Ticul Alvarez. Pp. 363-473,
5 figures in text. May 20, 1963.<br /><br />
More numbers will appear in volume 14.</p>
<p class="i4">Vol. 15. 1. The amphibians and reptiles of Michoacán, México. By William E. Duellman.
Pp. 1-148, pls. 1-6, 11 figures in text. December 20, 1961.<br /><br />
2. Some reptiles and amphibians from Korea. By Robert G. Webb, J. Knox
Jones, Jr., and George W. Byers. Pp. 149-173. January 31, 1962.<br /><br />
3. A new species of frog (Genus Tomodactylus) from western México. By
Robert G. Webb. Pp. 175-181, 1 figure in text. March 7, 1962.<br /><br />
4. Type specimens of amphibians and reptiles in the Museum of Natural
History, The University of Kansas. By William E. Duellman and Barbara
Berg. Pp. 183-204, October 26, 1962.<br /><br />
More numbers will appear in volume 15.</p>
<hr class="full" />
<div class="transnote"><p><b>Transcriber's Notes</b></p>
<p>Page <a href="#Page_386">386</a>: Changed Pariso to Paraiso.<br />
<span style="margin-left: 2em;"> (Orig.: Aserradero del Pariso.—22°59´, 99°15´.)</span></p>
<p>Page <a href="#Page_390">390</a>: Changed: intermadius to intermedius.<br />
<span style="margin-left: 2em;"> (Orig.: Reithrodontomys fulvescens intermadius J. A. Allen 439)</span></p>
<p>Page <a href="#Page_398">398</a>: Changed Tamulipas to Tamaulipas.<br />
<span style="margin-left: 2em;"> (Orig.: subspecies from the Sierra de Tamulipas, previously)</span></p>
<p>Page <a href="#Page_399">399</a>: Retained Mormops, but possibly a typo for Mormoops.<br />
<span style="margin-left: 2em;"> (Orig.: 1864. Mormops megalophylla Peters, Monatsb. preuss. Akad. Wiss.,
Berlin, p. 381, type from southern México.)</span></p>
<p>Page <a href="#Page_402">402</a>: Changed embyos to embryos.<br />
<span style="margin-left: 2em;"> (Orig.: average crown-rump length of the 10 embyos was 43)</span></p>
<p>Page <a href="#Page_409">409</a>: Changed veraecrusis to veraecrucis.<br />
<span style="margin-left: 2em;"> (Orig.: P. s. veraecrusis)</span></p>
<p>Page <a href="#Page_410">410</a>: Changed veraecrusis to veraecrucis.<br />
<span style="margin-left: 2em;"> (Orig.: specimens of veraecrusis from Las Vigas, Veracruz.)</span></p>
<p>Page <a href="#Page_411">411</a>: Retained measurement (17-8) grams; possibly typo for (17-18)
or (17-17.8).<br />
<span style="margin-left: 2em;"> (Orig.: three males 17.5 (17-8) grams.)</span></p>
<p>Page <a href="#Page_426">426</a>: Changed Washinton to Washington.<br />
<span style="margin-left: 2em;"> (Orig.: personatus tropicalis Goldman, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washinton,)</span></p>
<p>Page <a href="#Page_435">435</a>: Changed perargrus to peragrus.<br />
<span style="margin-left: 2em;"> (Orig.: 1918. Oryzomys couesi perargrus, Goldman,)</span></p>
<p>Page <a href="#Page_439">439</a>: Changed descripton to description.<br />
<span style="margin-left: 2em;"> (Orig.: According to the original descripton by Davis)</span></p>
<p>Page <a href="#Page_454">454</a>: Changed Gaudalupe to Guadalupe.<br />
<span style="margin-left: 2em;"> (Orig.: type from Sierra Gaudalupe, southeastern Coahuila.)</span></p>
<p>Page <a href="#Page_454">454</a>: Changed N. l. microdon to C. l. microdon.<br />
<span style="margin-left: 2em;"> (Orig.: N. l. microdon occurs from Camargo south to Nicolás.)</span></p>
<p>Page <a href="#Page_456">456</a>: Changed Gaudalupe to Guadalupe.<br />
<span style="margin-left: 2em;"> (Orig.: type from Sierra Gaudalupe, Coahuila.)</span></p>
<p>Page <a href="#Page_457">457</a>: Changed to to two.<br />
<span style="margin-left: 2em;"> (Orig.: 1962:338, recorded only to species)</span></p>
<p>Page <a href="#Page_459">459</a>: Changed synonmy to synonymy.<br />
<span style="margin-left: 2em;"> (Orig.: cited by Coues in synonmy as "Putorius mexicanus)</span></p>
<p>Page <a href="#Page_460">460</a>: Changed three occurences of Shantz to Schantz.<br />
<span style="margin-left: 2em;"> (Orig.: by Shantz. One of them T. t. littoralis (Shantz, 1949:301)) and</span><br />
<span style="margin-left: 2em;">(measurements are greater than those given by Shantz (1949:302))</span></p>
<p>Page <a href="#Page_461">461</a>: Changed weing to wenig.<br />
<span style="margin-left: 2em;"> (Orig.: Darstellung neuer oder weing bekannter)</span></p>
</div>
<pre>
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