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diff --git a/39372.txt b/39372.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..12dec90 --- /dev/null +++ b/39372.txt @@ -0,0 +1,7623 @@ +The Project Gutenberg EBook of The Recent Mammals of Tamaulipas, Mexico, by +Ticul Alvarez + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org/license + + +Title: The Recent Mammals of Tamaulipas, Mexico + +Author: Ticul Alvarez + +Release Date: April 4, 2012 [EBook #39372] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ASCII + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE RECENT MAMMALS *** + + + + +Produced by Chris Curnow, Joseph Cooper, Diane Monico, and +the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at +http://www.pgdp.net + + + + + + + + + + + +UNIVERSITY OF KANSAS PUBLICATIONS +MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY + +Volume 14, No. 15, pp. 363-473, 5 figs. + +May 20, 1963 + +The Recent Mammals of Tamaulipas, Mexico + +BY +TICUL ALVAREZ + +UNIVERSITY OF KANSAS +LAWRENCE +1963 + + + + +UNIVERSITY OF KANSAS PUBLICATIONS + +MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY + + +Institutional libraries interested in publications exchange may obtain +this series by addressing the Exchange Librarian, University of Kansas +Library, Lawrence, Kansas. Copies for individuals, persons working in a +particular field of study, may be obtained by addressing instead the +Museum of Natural History, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas. +There is no provision for sale of this series by the University +Library, which meets institutional requests, or by the Museum of +Natural History, which meets the requests of individuals. However, when +individuals request copies from the Museum, 25 cents should be +included, for each separate number that is 100 pages or more in length, +for the purpose of defraying the costs of wrapping and mailing. + + * An asterisk designates those numbers of which the Museum's + supply (not the Library's supply) is exhausted. Numbers + published to date, in this series, are as follows: + + Vol. 1. Nos. 1-26 and index. Pp. 1-638, 1946-1950. + + *Vol. 2. (Complete) Mammals of Washington. By Walter W. + Dalquest. Pp. 1-444, 140 figures in text. April 9, 1948. + + Vol. 3. *1. The avifauna of Micronesia, its origin, + evolution, and distribution. By Rollin H. Baker. Pp. 1-359, + 16 figures in text. June 12, 1951. + + *2. A quantitative study of the nocturnal migration of + birds. By George H. Lowery, Jr. Pp. 361-472, 47 figures in + text. June 29, 1951. + + 3. Phylogeny of the waxwings and allied birds. By M. Dale + Arvey. Pp. 473-530, 49 figures in text, 13 tables. October + 10, 1951. + + 4. Birds from the state of Veracruz, Mexico. By George H. + Lowery, Jr., and Walter W. Dalquest. Pp. 531-649, 7 figures + in text, 2 tables. October 10, 1951. + + Index. Pp. 651-681. + + *Vol. 4. (Complete) American weasels. By E. Raymond Hall. + Pp. 1-466, 41 plates, 31 figures in text. December 27, 1951. + + Vol. 5. Nos. 1-37 and index. Pp. 1-676, 1951-1953. + + *Vol. 6. (Complete) Mammals of Utah, _taxonomy and + distribution_. By Stephen D. Durrant. Pp. 1-549, 91 figures + in text, 30 tables. August 10, 1952. + + Vol. 7. Nos. 1-15 and index. Pp. 1-651, 1952-1955. + + Vol. 8. Nos. 1-10 and index. Pp. 1-675, 1954-1956. + + Vol. 9. 1. Speciation of the wandering shrew. By James S. + Findley. Pp. 1-68, 18 figures in text. December 10, 1955. + + 2. Additional records and extension of ranges of mammals + from Utah. By Stephen D. Durrant, M. Raymond Lee, and + Richard M. Hansen. Pp. 69-80. December 10, 1955. + + 3. A new long-eared myotis (Myotis evotis) from northeastern + Mexico. By Rollin H. Baker and Howard J. Stains. Pp. 81-84. + December 10, 1955. + + 4. Subspeciation in the meadow mouse, Microtus + pennsylvanicus, in Wyoming. By Sydney Anderson. Pp. 85-104, + 2 figures in text. May 10, 1956. + + 5. The condylarth genus Ellipsodon. By Robert W. Wilson. Pp. + 105-116, 6 figures in text. May 19, 1956. + + 6. Additional remains of the multituberculate genus + Eucosmodon. By Robert W. Wilson. Pp. 117-123, 10 figures in + text. May 19, 1956. + + 7. Mammals of Coahuila, Mexico. By Rollin H. Baker. Pp. + 125-335, 75 figures in text. June 15, 1956. + + 8. Comments on the taxonomic status of Apodemus peninsulae, + with description of a new subspecies from North China. By J. + Knox Jones, Jr. Pp. 337-346, 1 figure in text, 1 table. + August 15, 1956. + + 9. Extension of known ranges of Mexican bats. By Sydney + Anderson. Pp. 347-351. August 15, 1956. + + 10. A new bat (Genus Leptonycteris) from Coahuila. By Howard + J. Stains. Pp. 353-356. January 21, 1957. + + 11. A new species of pocket gopher (Genus Pappogeomys) from + Jalisco, Mexico. By Robert J. Russell. Pp. 357-361. January + 21, 1957. + + 12. Geographic variation in the pocket gopher, Thomomys + bottae, in Colorado. By Phillip M. Youngman. Pp. 363-387, 7 + figures in text. February 21, 1958. + + 13. New bog lemming (genus Synaptomys) from Nebraska. By J. + Knox Jones, Jr. Pp. 385-388. May 12, 1958. + + 14. Pleistocene bats from San Josecito Cave, Nuevo Leon, + Mexico. By J. Knox Jones, Jr. Pp. 389-396. December 19, + 1958. + + 15. New subspecies of the rodent Baiomys from Central + America. By Robert L. Packard. Pp. 397-404. December 19, + 1958. + + 16. Mammals of the Grand Mesa, Colorado. By Sydney Anderson. + Pp. 405-414, 1 figure in text. May 20, 1959. + + 17. Distribution, variation, and relationships of the + montane vole, Microtus montanus. By Sydney Anderson. Pp. + 415-511, 12 figures in text, 2 tables. August 1, 1959. + + 18. Conspecificity of two pocket mice, Perognathus goldmani + and P. artus. By E. Raymond Hall and Marilyn Bailey Ogilvie. + Pp. 513-518, 1 map. January 14, 1960. + + 19. Records of harvest mice, Reithrodontomys, from Central + America, with description of a new subspecies from Nicaragua. + By Sydney Anderson and J. Knox Jones, Jr. Pp. 519-529. + January 14, 1960. + + 20. Small carnivores from San Josecito Cave (Pleistocene), + Nuevo Leon, Mexico. By E. Raymond Hall. Pp. 531-538, 1 figure + in text. January 14, 1960. + + 21. Pleistocene pocket gophers from San Josecito Cave, Nuevo + Leon, Mexico. By Robert J. Russell. Pp. 539-548, 1 figure in + text. January 14, 1960. + + 22. Review of the insectivores of Korea. By J. Knox Jones, + Jr., and David H. Johnson. Pp. 549-578. February 23, 1960. + + 23. Speciation and evolution of the pygmy mice, genus + Baiomys. By Robert L. Packard. Pp. 579-670, 4 plates, 12 + figures in text. June 16, 1960. + + Index. Pp. 671-690. + +(Continued on inside of back cover) + + + + +UNIVERSITY OF KANSAS PUBLICATIONS +MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY + +Volume 14, No. 15, pp. 363-473, 5 figs. + +May 20, 1963 + +The Recent Mammals of Tamaulipas, Mexico + +BY +TICUL ALVAREZ + +UNIVERSITY OF KANSAS +LAWRENCE +1963 + + + + +UNIVERSITY OF KANSAS PUBLICATIONS, MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY + +Editors: E. Raymond Hall, Chairman, Henry S. Fitch, +Theodore H. Eaton, Jr. + +Volume 14, No. 15, pp. 363-473, 5 figs. +Published May 20, 1963 + +UNIVERSITY OF KANSAS +Lawrence, Kansas + +PRINTED BY +JEAN M. NEIBARGER, STATE PRINTER +TOPEKA, KANSAS +1963 + +29-4228 + + + + +The Recent Mammals of Tamaulipas, Mexico + +BY + +TICUL ALVAREZ + + + + +CONTENTS + + + Page + +INTRODUCTION 365 + +PHYSIOGRAPHY 366 + +CLIMATE 368 + +AFFINITIES OF TAMAULIPAN MAMMALS 370 + +PLANT-MAMMAL RELATIONSHIPS 371 + +BARRIERS AND ROUTES OF MOVEMENT 376 + +HISTORY OF MAMMALOGY 379 + +CONSERVATION 381 + +METHODS AND ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 384 + +GAZETTEER 386 + +CHECK-LIST 388 + +ACCOUNTS OF SPECIES AND SUBSPECIES 393 + +LITERATURE CITED 467 + + + + +INTRODUCTION + + +From Tamaulipas, the northeasternmost state in the Mexican Republic, +146 kinds of mammals, belonging to 72 genera, are here reported. +Mammals that are strictly marine in habit are not included. The state +is crossed in its middle by the Tropic of Cancer. Elevations vary from +sea level on the Golfo de Mexico to more than 2700 meters in the Sierra +Madre Oriental; most of the state is below 300 meters in elevation. Its +area is 79,602 square kilometers (30,732 square miles). + +Tamaulipas, meaning "lugar en que hay montes altos" (place of high +mountains), was explored in 1516 by the Spaniard Francisco Fernandez de +Cordoba, but it was not until the 18th century that Jose de Escandon +established several villages in the new province of Nueva Santender +from which, in the time of Iturbide's Empire, Tamaulipas was separated +as a distinct political entity, with about the same boundaries that it +now has. + +My first contact with the state of Tamaulipas, as a mammalogist, was in +1957, when in company with Dr. Bernardo Villa R. I visited the Cueva +del Abra in the southern part of the state. On several occasions since +then I have been in the state, especially when employed by the +Direccion General de Caza of the Mexican Government. In 1960-1962 I had +the opportunity of studying the mammalian fauna of Tamaulipas at the +Museum of Natural History of the University of Kansas. The +approximately 2000 specimens there represent many critical localities, +but are not sufficient to make this report as complete as could be +desired. Consequently the following account should be considered as a +contribution to the knowledge of the mammals of Mexico and is offered +in the hope that it will stimulate future studies of the Mexican fauna, +especially that of the eastern region. + + + + +PHYSIOGRAPHY + + +Tamaulipas can be divided into three physiographic regions, which from +east to west are Gulf Coastal Plain, Sierra Madre Oriental, and Central +Plateau or Mexican Plateau (Fig. 1). + + +Gulf Coastal Plain + +This physiographic region covers most of the state and extends +northward into Texas and a short distance southward into Veracruz. + +According to Tamayo (1949) and Vivo (1953), the Gulf Coastal Plain is +formed by sedimentary rocks from Mesozoic to Pleistocene in age. The +most common type of soil is Rendzin, especially in the coastal area. +Elevations range from sea level to 300 meters. The area is in general a +flat plain inclined to the sea but this plain is broken by several +small sierras. The more important of these are the Sierra de +Tamaulipas, which rises to more than 1000 meters, and the Sierra San +Carlos, which has a maximum elevation of approximately 1670 meters. The +Sierra de San Jose de las Rucias is smaller. + + +Sierra Madre Oriental + +This physiographic region is represented in Tamaulipas by a small part +of the long Sierra Madre Oriental that extends from the Big Bend area +in Texas southward to the Trans-volcanic Belt of central Mexico. The +Sierra Madre Oriental is in the southwestern part of Tamaulipas. The +Sierra was formed by folding of the Middle and Upper Cretaceous and +Cenozoic deposits that now are 400 to 2700 meters in elevation. In +general, the soils are Chernozems. + +This physiographic region is situated between the other two +physiographic regions in Tamaulipas and represents a barrier to the +distribution of some tropical mammals on the one hand and to those from +the Mexican Plateau on the other. + +[Illustration: FIG. 1. Three physiographic regions: 1 Coastal Plain; 2 +Sierra Madre Oriental; 3 Central Plateau.] + + +Central Plateau + +This physiographic region, commonly termed the Mexican Plateau, +occupies only a small area of Tamaulipas in its southwesternmost part. +The plateau is approximately 900 meters above sea level. In general, +the Mexican Plateau was formed by Cretaceous sediments. The most common +type of soil is Chestnut. + + + + +CLIMATE + + +Owing to the differences in elevations and varying distances from the +sea, the climate of Tamaulipas is varied. Tamayo (1949), following the +Koeppen System, assigned to Tamaulipas 10 different climate types that +result principally from differences in temperature, precipitation, and +humidity. + + +Temperature + +The annual mean temperature for the lands less than 1000 meters in +elevation, which make up most of the state, is between 20 deg. and 25 deg. C.; +and the difference in monthly means is 5 deg. C. + +In the areas above 1000 meters, the annual mean is between 15 deg. and 20 deg. +C., and the difference in the monthly means is 15 deg. C. + +The maximum temperature recorded in the state is 45 deg. C. in the region +of Ciudad Victoria, between the Sierra Madre Oriental, the Sierra San +Carlos, and the Sierra de Tamaulipas. Minima recorded are between O deg. +and 5 deg. C. on the southeastern coast, O deg. to -5 deg. C. between 98 deg. 20' long. +and 99 deg. 00' long., and -5 deg. to -10 deg. C. in the Sierra Madre Oriental. + + +Precipitation + +Rainfall varies seasonally and can be described as follows: In January +it amounts to 25 to 50 mm. in the coastal region and 10 to 25 mm. in +the rest of the state. In April there is more than 25 mm. to the north +of about 23 deg. north latitude, 10 to 25 mm. in the Sierra de Tamaulipas +and Sierra Madre Oriental, and less than 10 mm. in the extreme +southwestern part of the state. + +In July rainfall amounts to less than 25 mm. in Nuevo Laredo and San +Fernando, is from 25 to 50 mm. in the northeastern and central parts of +the state, 50 to 100 mm. in the Sierra San Carlos and Sierra Madre +Oriental, and 100 to 200 mm. in the area south of Soto la Marina and +east of the Sierra Madre Oriental. In October rainfall is less than 50 +mm. in the northern half of the state, including the Sierra de +Tamaulipas, and 50 to 100 mm. in the rest of the state, except on the +east side of the Sierra Madre Oriental and in the area near Tampico, +which receive between 100 and 200 mm. + +The number of rainy days per year varies from 60 to 90 at Sierra San +Carlos, Sierra Madre Oriental, and in the lowlands south of 23 deg. north +latitude; the rest of the state has about 60 rainy days, excepting the +Mexican Plateau, which has fewer than 60. + +Although Tamayo (1949) followed the Koeppen System in classifying types +of climate and thereby recognized 10 different kinds of climate in +Tamaulipas, these can be grouped into three major categories as +follows: + + +Steppe Dry Climate (Clima Seco de Estepa) + +This kind of climate can be divided into two categories based on the +average annual temperature. + + +_Warm_ + +The average annual temperature exceeds 18 deg. C. but the mean of the +coolest month is less than 18 deg. C. This sub-climate is characterized by +a short rainy season in summer and occurs on the west side of the +southern part of the Sierra Madre Oriental and on the Mexican Plateau; +it occurs also in the area northwest of Reynosa and on the east side of +the Sierra Madre Oriental but in these areas the rainfall is +irregularly distributed in the year. + + +_Cool_ + +The average annual temperature is less than 18 deg. C. but the mean of the +warmest month exceeds 18 deg. C. This sub-climate occurs only on the west +side of the northern part of the Sierra Madre Oriental. + + +Moderate Rainy Temperature Climate (Clima Templado Moderato Lluvioso) + +This type of climate is characterized by the coolest month having a +temperature of between -3 deg. and 18 deg. C. In the northeastern and central +parts of Tamaulipas, including the Sierra de Tamaulipas, Ciudad +Victoria, Gomez Farias, Rancho Pano Ayuctle, and Llera, the average +temperature of the warmest month is less than 22 deg. C.; the winters are +dry and not rigorous, and the wettest month has ten times as much rain +as the driest. In the Sierra San Carlos the average temperature of the +warmest month is less than 22 deg. C., and the rainy season is in the +autumn. + + +Tropical Rainy Climate (Clima Tropical Lluvioso) + +This climate is characterized by the average temperature of all months +being above 18 deg. C. and the mean-annual rainfall being above 75 cm. +According to the distribution of precipitation this type of climate can +be divided into: (1) areas having periodic rain and wet winters +(southeastern Tamaulipas, south of 22 deg. north latitude and east of 99 deg. +west longitude), and (2) areas having an irregular rainy season and dry +winters (area around Ciudad Mante, between 99 deg. 30' and 98 deg. 30' west +longitude and south of 22 deg. 30' north latitude). + + + + +AFFINITIES OF TAMAULIPAN MAMMALS + + +Owing to the differences in climate from one region to another, the +flora and fauna also differ, especially in the southern part of the +state as compared with the northern part. + + For expressing the taxonomic resemblance of mammalian faunas + having nearly equal numbers of taxa, Burt (1959:139) + recommended the following formula: C x 100/(N_{1} + N_{2} - C) + (where C is the number of taxa common to the two faunas, + N_{1} is the number of taxa in the smaller fauna, and N_{2} + is the number of taxa in the larger fauna). For non-flying + mammals the resemblance of the Tamaulipan fauna to that of + Texas, adjacent to the north, and Veracruz, adjacent to the + south, is as follows: + + _Genera._--Texas 65 per cent, Veracruz 60 per cent. + + _Species._--Texas 45 per cent, Veracruz 39 per cent. + + For bats the resemblance of the Tamaulipan fauna to those of + Texas and Veracruz is as follows: + + _Genera._--Texas 40 per cent, Veracruz 51 per cent. + + _Species._--Texas 24, Veracruz 39. + +TABLE 1.--NUMBER OF GENERA AND SPECIES OF NON-INTRODUCED LAND MAMMALS +IN THREE STATES. + +==========+===========================+=========================== + | Number of taxa | Number of taxa in common + +-------------+-------------+-------------+------------- + | genera | species | genera | species +----------+--------+----+--------+----+--------+----+--------+---- + States |non-bats|bats|non-bats|bats|non-bats|bats|non-bats|bats +----------+--------+----+--------+----+--------+----+--------+---- +Texas | 51 | 12 | 103 | 25 | 39 | 10 | 58 | 12 +Tamaulipas| 48 | 23 | 83 | 36 | .. | .. | .. | .. +Veracruz | 53 | 36 | 94 | 60 | 38 | 20 | 50 | 27 +----------+--------+----+--------+----+--------+----+--------+---- + + For all of the land mammals of Tamaulipas, the resemblance + is as follows: + + _Genera._--Texas 58, Veracruz 57. + + _Species._--Texas 40, Veracruz 39. + +On the whole, the fauna of Tamaulipas resembles faunas of both the +Brazilian Subregion and the North American part of the Nearctic +Subregion (see Hershkovitz, 1958:611). Considering the 48 genera of +non-flying land mammals of Tamaulipas, 24 genera occur in habitats from +the North American part through habitats of northern Mexico into the +Brazilian Subregion. Of the remaining 24 genera, 16 occur in the North +American part of the Nearctic Subregion or in it and the part of +northern Mexico north of the Brazilian boundary, whereas eight occur in +the Brazilian Subregion or in it and the northern part of Mexico. None +occurs only in Tamaulipas or only in northern Mexico. + +The non-flying fauna of the coastal plain east of the Sierra Madre +Oriental and south of the Sierra de Tamaulipas and Soto la Marina is +mainly tropical in affinities; only 27 per cent of that fauna (at the +subspecific level) resembles the fauna north of Soto la Marina, which +is Nearctic in its affinities. The fauna of the Sierra de Tamaulipas +has a greater taxonomic resemblance (20.4 per cent at subspecific +level) to that of the Sierra Madre Oriental, than does the fauna of the +Sierra San Carlos (17.6 per cent). Taxonomic resemblance between the +faunas from the Sierra San Carlos and the Sierra de Tamaulipas amounts +to only 16.1 per cent. Therefore, the faunas of these two Sierras (both +are included in the same zoogeographic unit) resemble each other less +than either resembles the fauna of the Sierra Madre Oriental (in +another zoogeographic unit). Of the three sierran faunas, those of the +Sierra Madre Oriental and the Sierra de Tamaulipas have most in common. +Migration from one to the other in relative recent time may account for +the resemblance. The Sierra San Carlos may have been isolated for a +long time and interchange between its fauna and those of the other two +sierras, therefore, may have been slight. + +Study of the taxonomic resemblance shows that the dividing line, in +eastern Mexico, between Nearctic and Neotropical faunas is along the +eastern base of the Sierra Madre Oriental, the southern base of the +Sierra de Tamaulipas and thence to the coast at or near Soto la Marina. + + + + +PLANT-MAMMAL RELATIONSHIPS + + +Merriam (1898) assigned to Tamaulipas four Life-zones. There were: +Transitional on the highest elevations of the Sierra Madre; Upper +Austral at lower elevations on the Sierra Madre; Lower Austral over +most of the state; and Tropical in the coastal areas. + +Dice (1943) outlined Biotic Provinces on a map of North America and in +the northern part of Tamaulipas showed two Biotic Provinces, Tamaulipan +and Potosian. He did not show the southeastern limits of the Chihuahuan +Biotic Province nor any of the limits of the Veracruzian Biotic +Province and in text mentioned nothing about the limits of these two +provinces with reference to Tamaulipas. Later, Goldman and Moore (1946) +divided Tamaulipas in three Biotic Provinces: Tamaulipas, Sierra Madre, +and Veracruz. Still later (1949), Smith published a map of Mexican +Biotic Provinces based on the herpetofauna of the Republic. He divided +Tamaulipas among four Provinces. Two were Nearctic (Austro-oriental and +Tamaulipan) and the other two were Neotropical (Veracruzian and +Cordoban). + +Leopold (1950 and 1959) recognized five principal vegetational types in +Tamaulipas as follows: Mesquite-grassland; Pine-oak Forest; Thorn +Forest; Tropical Deciduous Forest; and Desert. + +For dealing with the mammals of Tamaulipas in the following accounts +the four Biotic Provinces (Tamaulipan, Potosian, Veracruzian, and +Chihuahuan) of Dice are the most useful. For dealing with types of +vegetation in the accounts that follow, Leopold's (1950) system is +employed although reference is made to other associations and +formations that have been reported in Tamaulipas. + + +Tamaulipan Biotic Province + +This Province is recognized by most authors who have written about the +zoogeography of Mexico. It is the most extensive in the state and +includes the northern part of the Coastal Plain (see Fig. 2). + +The vegetation of the Tamaulipan Biotic Province is in general +Mesquite-grassland but in the Sierra San Carlos and Sierra de +Tamaulipas other types of vegetation are found. + + Two formations occur in the Mesquite-grassland. The first is + the Mesquite Scrub, in which the dominant plant is the + mesquite (_Prosopis juliflora_), associated with _Cordia + boissieri_, several species of _Acacia_, and in some areas + with _Opuntia_ and _Yucca treculeana_. The dominant grasses + are of the genera _Bouteloua_ and _Andropogon_. The second + formation is the Gulf Bluestem Prairie, where species of + _Andropogon_ are the dominants on the well-drained sites. + Sloughs and depressions are occupied by cordgrass, _Spartina + spartinae_. Many areas have been invaded by mesquite and + other shrubs. + +[Illustration: FIG. 2. Four biotic provinces: 1 Tamaulipan; 2 Potosian; +3 Chihuahuan; 4 Veracruzian.] + + Around the Sierra de Tamaulipas and in the area between it + and the Sierra San Carlos the vegetation is Thorn Forest + (Tropical Thorn Forest of Martin _et al._, 1954), in which + the dominant plants are _Acacia_, _Ichthyomethia_, _Ipomea_, + _Prosopis_, and _Cassia_. Another type of vegetation in the + Sierra de Tamaulipas is the Tropical Deciduous Forest at 300 + to 700 meters elevation, the trees of which are 20 meters + high with a canopy averaging eight meters high (Martin _et + al._, _op. cit._). The common species of trees belong to the + genera _Tabebuia_, _Ipomea_, _Bombax_, and _Conzattia_. + Species of _Bursera_, _Acacia_, and _Cassia_ are less + abundant. In the low canyons _Bursera_, _Ceiba_, and + _Psidium_, draped with lianas and various epiphytes, can be + found. + + The Pine-oak Formation grows above an elevation of 800 + meters in the Sierra de Tamaulipas and is characterized by + _Pinus cembroides_, _P. nelsonii_, _P. teocote_, and + _Quercus arizonica_. Martin _et al._ (_op. cit._) recorded + Montane Scrub from the dry areas, between elevations of 600 + and 900 meters. That scrub is formed by huisaches (_Acacia + farnesiana_) along with a few oaks and some trees of the + Tropical Deciduous Forest. + + The vegetation of the Sierra San Carlos was studied by Dice + (1937) and divided into three life belts, each with several + associations. For more information about the plants of each + association and their related mammals see the publication of + the mentioned author. + + Endemic mammals of the Tamaulipan Biotic Province, in the + part of it that is in Tamaulipas, are the following: + _Scalopus inflatus_; _Lepus californicus curti_; + _Spermophilus spilosoma oricolus_; _Cratogeomys castanops + tamaulipensis_; _Dipodomys ordii parvabullatus_; and + _Sigmodon hispidus solus_. Other characteristic mammals of + this Province in the state of Tamaulipas are: _Sylvilagus + floridanus connectens_; _S. audubonii parvulus_; _Lepus + californicus merriami_; _Perognathus merriami merriami_; + _Dipodomys ordii compactus_; _Orzomys melanotis carrorum_; + _Reithrodontomys fulvescens intermedius_; _Peromyscus boylii + ambiguus_; _Canis latrans texensis_; _C. l. microdon_; _C. + lupus monstrabilis_; _Taxidea taxus berlandieri_; _Mephitis + mephitis varians_; _Felis pardalis albescens_; _Trichechus + manatus latirostris_; and _Odocoileus virginianus texanus_. + + Many other kinds of mammals occur mainly in the Tamaulipan + Province but are not listed above because they occur also in + one or more of the other provinces. + + The Sierra de Tamaulipas is placed in the Tamaulipan Biotic + Province because the fauna, especially of non-flying + mammals, is closely related to that of the rest of the + Province. Nevertheless, many mammals found in this Sierra + are tropical in relationship. This is especially true of the + bats. Therefore, most of the tropical bats that occur in + Tamaulipas occur in the Veracruzian Biotic Province and in + the Sierra de Tamaulipas. + + +Potosian Biotic Province + +This Province occupies all of the Sierra Madre Oriental and, therefore, +the southwestern part of the state. + +The vegetation in general is Pine-oak Forest, in which the most common +trees are _Abies religiosa_, _Pinus flexilis_, _P. patula_, _P. +montezumae_, _P. teocote_, _Populus tremuloides_, _Juniperus +flaccida_, _Quercus arizonica_, _Q. clivicola_ and _Q. polymorpha_. + + In his study of plants of the Gomez Farias area, Martin + (1958) recorded several different types of vegetation, which + in part can be placed in the Potosian Biotic Province, + especially those types that occur to the northwest of the + Cloud Forest. In addition to the Cloud Forest, Martin + recognized Humid Pine-oak Forest, Dry Oak-pine Forest, + Chaparral, Thorn Forest and Scrub, and Thorn Desert. + + The only mammal endemic to the Potosian Province in + Tamaulipas is _Cryptotis pergracilis pueblensis_. Other + mammals that occur mainly in this Province are: _Sorex + saussurei_; _Notiosorex crawfordi_; _Glaucomys volans + herreranus_; _Cratogeomys castanops planifrons_; + _Perognathus nelsoni_; _Liomys irroratus alleni_; + _Reithrodontomys fulvescens griseoflavus_; _Microtus + mexicanus subsimus_; _Ursus americanus eremicus_; _Conepatus + leuconotus texensis_; and _Odocoileus hemionus_. + + The fauna of this Province is a mixture of elements with + tropical affinities on the east side of the Sierra Madre and + with those of the Mexican Plateau on the west side. + + +Chihuahuan Biotic Province + +This Province occurs in Tamaulipas only in a small portion of the +Central Plateau physiographic region and occupies the southwesternmost +part of the state. + + The vegetation is of two types: Desert or + Mesquite-grassland. The last is like that described for the + Tamaulipan Biotic Province. In the Desert type the dominant + plants are the cactus, _Opuntia leptocaulis_, and yuccas, + _Yucca filifera_ and _Y. potosina_. Subdominants are + mariola, guayule, _Agave lechugilla_, _A. stricta_ or + _Larrea divaricata_. Along stream banks mesquite, _Prosopis + juliflora_, can be found. + + No endemic mammals of the Chihuahuan Province are known in + Tamaulipas. Mammals that occur principally in this Province + are: _Dipodomys merriami atronasus_; _D. ordii durranti_; + _Peromyscus melanophrys consobrinus_; _P. difficilis + petricola_; _Onychomys torridus subrufus_; and _Neotoma + albigula subsolana_. + + +Veracruzian Biotic Province + +This Province includes the southern part of the Coastal Plain +physiographic region, south of the Sierra de Tamaulipas and Soto la +Marina. But the exact line between this Province and the Tamaulipan +Province to the north is difficult to draw. The northern boundary of +the Veracruzian Province is the line between the Nearctic and +Neotropical regions in eastern Mexico. + +Vegetation of most of the Veracruzian Biotic Province is Tropical +Deciduous Forest. This Forest is made up of _Tabebuia_, _Ipomea_, +_Bombax_, and _Conzattia_, along with some _Ceiba_, _Bursera_, and +_Psidium_. + + The mammalia fauna of the Veracruzian Biotic Province is + tropical in nature. This is especially true of the bats. + Representatives of the tropical genera _Micronycteris_, + _Sturnira_, _Artibeus_, _Enchistenes_, _Desmodus_, + _Diphylla_, and _Molossus_ have their northern + distributional limits in this Province. The non-flying + mammals characteristic of the Province in Tamaulipas are: + _Philander opossum pallidus_; _Marmosa mexicana_; _Ateles + geoffroyi velerosus_; _Geomys tropicalis_; _Oryzomys + melanotis rostratus_; _O. alfaroi huastecae_; _O. fulvescens + engracie_ (endemic to this Province in Tamaulipas); _O. f. + fulvescens_; _Reithrodontomys mexicanus_; _Peromyscus + orchraventer_ (endemic); _Neotoma micropus angustapalata_; + _Eira barbara senex_; _Felis wiedii oaxacensis_; and _Mazama + americana temama_. + + + + +BARRIERS AND ROUTES OF MOVEMENT + + +The distributional patterns and affinities of the mammalian fauna of +Tamaulipas suggest possible routes of migration and barriers that +limited or controlled movements of the mammals. + +Mammals may have reached Tamaulipas by way of a Northern route, a +Trans-plateau route, a Montane route, or a Tropical route (Fig 3). + +The Northern route permitted species of mammals from the temperate +region to the north to enter the Tamaulipan Biotic Province from or via +Texas. Several came from the Great Plains, and a few came from the +eastern part of the United States. Also, a few mammals that may have +originated in the Tamaulipan Province moved northwards. Some of these, +according to Dice (1937:267) were _Liomys irroratus texensis_, +_Peromyscus leucopus texensis_, and _Lepus californicus merriami_. +Other mammals thought to have moved north by this route are _Didelphis +marsupialis_, _Dasypus novemcinctus_, _Oryzomys palustris_, _Nasua +narica_, and _Tayassu tajacu_. Some mammals that passed through +Tamaulipas into Texas have extended their geographic ranges far north +of Texas. + +Mammals that came _via_ the Trans-plateau route (name proposed by +Baker, 1956:146) came no farther into Tamaulipas than the Chihuahuan +Biotic Province. They encountered the barrier formed by the Sierra +Madre Oriental. These mammals were listed in the account of the +Chihuahuan Biotic Province. + +The route that Baker (1956:146) termed the "Southern Route" I here term +the Montane route because I think it was used for movement southward as +well as northward. + +[Illustration: FIG. 3. Routes of movement: 1 Northern; 2 Trans-Plateau; +3 Montane; 4 Tropical.] + +The Montane route was used by mammals of boreal affinities (_Microtus_ +and _Neotoma_), that moved into Tamaulipas from the north; also in this +category are bats of the family Vespertilionidae. For movement from +south to north, the route was used by several species native to Mexico, +for example, _Cratogeomys castanops_. The seaward slope of the montane +area has enabled some tropical mammals to move farther north than they +have done at higher and lower elevations. _Philander opossum_ seems to +be an example. + +The fourth route, the Tropical one, was used by mammals of tropical +origin. Most moved into Tamaulipas only as far as the Veracruzian +Biotic Province. The principal mammals that have used this route are +the bats and marsupials, but _Sylvilagus brasiliensis_, _Ateles +geoffroyi_, _Heterogeomys hispidus_, _Eira barbara_, and _Mazama +americana_ also can be included here. Some tropical mammals, as was +pointed out previously, not only reached Tamaulipas but have moved +through the state and far northward. + +The major barriers to dispersal of mammals in Tamaulipas are three (see +Fig. 2). Two of them, the Rio Grande Barrier and the Sierra Madre +Barrier, are physiographical, but the Tropical Barrier is maintained by +a combination of environmental factors. The three barriers separate the +four Biotic Provinces in Tamaulipas. The Sierra Madre Oriental, which +forms the Potosian Biotic Province, lies between the Tamaulipan and +Chihuahuan provinces. The Tropical barrier separates the Tamaulipan and +Veracruzian biotic provinces. + +The Rio Grande, as was pointed out by R. H. Baker (1956:146), has low +banks, is relatively shallow, and does not form an effective barrier +for most mammals. For only two species, insofar as I know, has the Rio +Grande constituted a barrier. _Cratogeomys castanops_ has not entered +southeastern Texas from Mexico, and _Spermophilus spilosoma_ has not +entered Mexico from southeastern Texas except on the coastal barrier +beach. Alvarez (1962:124) postulated that the beach was the route by +which _S. spilosoma_ arrived at La Pesca where the barrier beach meets +the mainland. + +The Sierra Madre Barrier is a good filter for some small mammals, +especially for those that occur on the Mexican Plateau and those of +tropical origin. The mammals that occur on each side of the Sierra are +listed in accounts of the Chihuahuan (west side), Veracruzian and +Tamaulipan (east side) biotic provinces. + +The Tropical Barrier is formed mainly by a climatic complex (probably a +change in temperature and rainfall) in the coastal region at or about +the latitude of Soto la Marina, where no geographic barrier is found. +In the western and central part of the Tropical Barrier, the climatic +factor is supported by a geographic factor. The Sierra Madre Oriental +is in the west and the Sierra de Tamaulipas is in the center. The +several mammals that are affected by this barrier are listed in the +accounts of the Veracruzian and Tamaulipan biotic provinces. + +A peculiar pattern of distribution is that presented by _Scalopus +inflatus_ and _Geomys tropicalis_. Both are the only known species of +their genera in northeastern Mexico. Each is isolated from other +species of its genus. The nearest known record of _Scalopus_ is 45 +miles northward and the nearest record of _Geomys_ is approximately 165 +miles northward. A possible explanation for the distribution of these +two kinds is that each was widely distributed in one of the glacial +periods and when the glacier receded to the north these animals +remained in Tamaulipas, where they evolved and formed distinct species. +The two species, _G. tropicalis_ and _S. inflatus_, are fossorial and +for this reason probably were able to resist inhospitable climates +better than non-burrowing species. + + + + +HISTORY OF MAMMALOGY + + +In Tamaulipas the first exploration directed in substantial measure +toward finding out about the mammalian fauna, at least as far as I +know, was made by Dr. L. Berlandier, who traveled mainly in the +northern half of the state. His collections provided specimens of +several previously unknown mammals, which were described by Baird +(1858). The original manuscript of Berlandier never has been published. +About 1880 Dr. E. Palmer collected mammals in the southern part of +Tamaulipas, in the area around Tampico. The results of his exploration +were reported by J. A. Allen (1881). E. W. Nelson and E. A. Goldman +twice collected in Tamaulipas (Goldman, 1951). In 1898 they visited and +collected mammals in the southern part of the state, around Tampico, +Altamira, Victoria, Forlon, and Miquihuana. In 1901-1902 they visited +the area between Nuevo Laredo and Bagdad, then went south to Soto la +Marina and Victoria. From their collections several species and +subspecies have been described. Between 1910 and the early 1920's +little was done in the way of scientific exploration because of the +Mexican Revolution. + +From 1930 on, several expeditions yielded new information about the +native mammals. In that year L. B. Kellum visited the Sierra San +Carlos. The results were reported by Dice (1937). Another important +collection from Tamaulipas was made by Marian Martin in the area of +Gomez Farias. Mammals collected by her were reported by Goodwin (1954). +Hooper (1953) also reported specimens from Gomez Farias but included in +his report records of mammals collected in other areas as well. In 1950 +E. R. Hall and C. von Wedel made a trip to the barrier beach in the +northeastern part of the state and collected several kinds of mammals +among which three were described as new by Hall (1951). + +The report here presented is based upon specimens in the Museum of +Natural History of The University of Kansas that were collected mainly +by the persons named beyond. Gerd H. Heinrich and his wife Hilda +collected in 1952 and 1953 in the areas around Miquihuana, Ciudad +Victoria, Soto la Marina, Sierra de Tamaulipas, and Altamira. W. J. +Schaldach collected in 1949 and 1950 in the Sierra Madre Oriental south +of Ciudad Victoria; he returned to Tamaulipas in 1954 in company with +V. Grissino and worked in the Sierra Madre Oriental south and north of +Ciudad Victoria. In 1961 P. L. Clifton and J. H. Bodley collected in +the northwestern part of the state and in the western part, around +Tula, Nicolas, and Tajada. Some students and staff members of the +Museum have occasionally collected in Tamaulipas. + +As a result of all the mentioned expeditions and others, 32 species and +subspecies have been described with type localities in Tamaulipas. They +are: + + Altamira + + _Lepus californicus altamirae_ Nelson + _Sciurus aureogaster aureogaster_ (Cuvier) (by restriction) + _Sciurus deppei negligens_ Nelson + _Geomys tropicalis_ Goldman + + Antiguo Morelos, 8 mi. N of + + _Tadarida laticaudata ferruginea_ Goodwin + + Brownsville (Texas), 45 mi. from + + _Scalopus inflatus_ Jackson + + Charco Escondido + + _Perognathus hispidus hispidus_ Baird + _Neotoma micropus micropus_ Baird + + El Carrizo + + _Peromyscus ochraventer_ Baker + + Gomez Farias + + _Heterogeomys hispidus negatus_ Goodwin + + Hacienda Santa Engracia + + _Oryzomys fulvescens engracia_ Osgood + + Jaumave + + _Dipodomys ordii durranti_ Setzer + + La Pesca, 1 mi. E of + + _Spermophilus spilosoma oricolus_ Alvarez + + Matamoros + + _Cryptotis parva berlandieri_ (Baird) + _Lasiurus intermedius intermedius_ (H. Allen) + _Dasypus novemcinctus mexicanus_ Peters (by restriction) + _Cratogeomys castanops tamaulipensis_ Nelson and Goldman + _Felis yagouaroundi cacomitli_ Berlandier + + Matamoros, 88 mi. S, 10 mi. W of + + _Lepus californicus curti_ Hall + _Dipodomys ordii parvabullatus_ Hall + _Sigmodon hispidus solus_ Hall + + Mier + + _Canis latrans microdon_ Merriam + + Miquihuana + + _Idionycteris mexicanus_ Anthony (_Plecotus phyllotis_) + _Cratogeomys castanops planifrons_ Nelson and Goldman + _Onychomys torridus subrufus_ Hollister + _Neotoma albigula subsolana_ Alvarez + _Odocoileus virginianus miquihuanensis_ Goldman and Kellogg + + Rancho del Cielo, 5 mi. NW Gomez Farias + + _Cryptotis mexicana madrea_ Goodwin + _Reithrodontomys megalotis hooperi_ Goodwin + + Rancho Santa Ana, about 8 mi. SW Padilla + + _Oryzomys melanotis carrorum_ Lawrence + + Sierra de Tamaulipas, 10 mi. W, 2 mi. S Piedra + + _Myotis keenii auriculus_ Baker and Stains + + Sierra San Carlos, 12 mi. NW San Carlos + + _Peromyscus pectoralis collinus_ Hooper + + + + +CONSERVATION + + +A relatively large number of the species of Mexican big game occurs in +Tamaulipas because its geographic position permits it to have species +from the tropics and those from the northern plains and mountains. +Eight of the 11 Mexican species that are considered as Big Game are +recorded from the state. Until this century Tamaulipas was not densely +populated by man either in the pre-colonial period or thereafter. +Therefore many species of game are still relatively abundant. + +Of the eight species that originally lived in Tamaulipas, the mule +deer, brocket, and black bear never have been abundant there and now +are in danger of extirpation. The pronghorn was also rare in the state +and now has been extirpated as it has been in many other parts of +Mexico. The white-tailed deer, javalin, jaguar, and puma are still +abundant in suitable habitats. The white-tailed deer is found almost +everywhere in the state; in some areas it damages cornfields, and for +this reason is killed by natives who eat the meat and sell the skins. +The price of skins is low; in 1959 at Ciudad Mante tanners paid natives +less than one dollar (10.00 Mexican pesos) per hide. Some idea of the +abundance of deer in Tamaulipas is provided by our having found in one +tanner's shop, in 1959 at Ciudad Mante, about 500 deer skins. Besides +these, we found about 65 skins of other species--jaguar, bear, ocelot, +puma, margay, and raccoon. Additionally there was a large number of +coati skins. Considering that Mexico has no professional trappers and +that commerce in skins of wild animals is illegal, it is felt that the +number of skins found in the tanner's shop indicated a relative large +population of game mammals. + +The number of species of small game also is large. Some species are +killed by natives for food, but most are killed in order to protect the +cultivated crops, which are injured mainly by rabbits and squirrels. + +Baker (1958) pointed out that the future of the game species in the +northern part of Mexico was not encouraging. He gave valid reasons for +his view. In Tamaulipas, however, in some respects the outlook is more +encouraging because there are many areas in which with a minimum of +effort the authorities can save a good number of species. + +As Baker (_op. cit._) remarked, the fauna in Mexico is declining mainly +because many areas recently have been cultivated for the first time. +Also, better roads have enabled hunters to reach areas that formerly +were natural refuges for wild animals. Many times it has been said that +the populations of wild animals were declining in Mexico because the +number of game wardens is too small to protect game in all parts of the +country. In some ways this is true but it seems that the problem is +really one of education. The people do not realize that the animals are +part of nature and therefore have the same right to live that man has. +Most people see only the bad side of the animals' activities and never +consider the benefit that wild mammals provide for man. A typical case +is that of the coyote, which is oftentimes killed only because it is a +coyote. Sometimes individual coyotes do kill domestic animals, but the +people seem never to understand that the coyote destroys a large number +of mice, rabbits, and insects as has been shown by studies of the +contents of coyote stomachs. + +The Mexican Government at this time is making a concentrated effort to +provide schools in all parts of the country and is formulating new +programs of education. In this official program some lectures in +conservation are needed with reference to the animal life. I know that +some education now is given to people with respect to conservation of +the water, soil, and forest, but gather that there is little that +covers also conservation of animals. + +I do not deny the necessity for some natives to kill wild animals. +People need to eat fresh meat and for some it is almost impossible to +obtain meat in any other way than by killing wild animals. Some natives +cannot afford to purchase meat in the markets or they live too far from +any village or city to do so. Also, natives need to protect their +cultivated areas; some of them have only four to six acres of land, on +which corn is the only crop. When one deer in a night can destroy part +of the corn, and in some areas not only one deer but several invade a +field, and when one considers that besides deer there are rabbits, +squirrels, raccoons, and coati, to name only some animals that feed on +the corn, we find that the small cornfield at the end of the season may +not contain any corn to harvest. It is understandable, therefore, that +the natives kill the animals. In this way they protect their cultivated +fields, obtain food and sometimes money for the skins. Many natives, +however, destroy the wildlife only for pleasure or to obtain money for +skins and meat, which sometimes is sold to restaurants. + +Probably the best solution for the problem of conservation of wild +animals is the establishment of wildlife refuges. In Tamaulipas, at +least three refuges are needed in order to preserve the mammalian +wildlife. These areas would serve also as a refuge for game birds and +other vertebrates. A large area with suitable habitat for white-tailed +deer, brocket, jaguar, puma, javalin, and fox could be established in +the Sierra de Tamaulipas, which presents favorable habitat for all of +the species named. A second area that does not need to be so large as +the first could be established in the Sierra Madre Oriental, probably +including some part of Nuevo Leon, where the black bear and the mule +deer find suitable habitat. Probably the beaver can be introduced in +the streams of the high mountains; beaver live in the same Sierra a +little farther north in Nuevo Leon. The three species mentioned are in +imminent danger of disappearing from Tamaulipas, if they have not +already disappeared. The third refuge could be in some area of the +northern part of the state near the Rio Grande. This refuge should give +protection to the beaver--a rare animal in Mexico and in danger of +extirpation over all the country. The pronghorn also would find +suitable habitat in this area, but would have to be reintroduced there. +With the establishment of these three refuges and with good management +the fauna of Tamaulipas could be saved from extinction, would provide +some recreation for sportsmen, and especially for the people in general +who wish to study, photograph, or merely observe the native animal +life. + +The time is excellent for the establishment of the wildlife refuges in +Tamaulipas because large areas are still in Federal ownership and +because a considerable number of animals remain. Other favorable +factors are that roads are not yet good in the areas proposed for +refuges, the human population is low, and agriculture consequently is +not practiced. But, with the rapid increase in population in Mexico, +these favorable conditions will change in a few years and it will be +almost impossible to establish the refuges then. + + + + +METHODS AND ACKNOWLEDGMENTS + + +The families, genera, and species recorded in this report are arranged +following Hall and Kelson (1959). Subspecies are in alphabetical order +under the species. Remarks are given on natural history in each species +account, if information is available. Discussion of subspecies known +from the state is included. Under each subspecies, the citation to the +original description is given with mention of type locality. Next is +the citation to the first usage of the current name-combination. Then, +synonyms are listed if there be such in the sense that original +descriptions of the alleged species or subspecies had type localities +in Tamaulipas. + +Measurements, unless otherwise noted, are of adults and are given in +millimeters. External measurements are in the following order: total +length; length of tail vertebrae; length of hind foot; length of ear +from notch. Capitalized color terms are those of Ridgway, Color +Standards and Color Nomenclature, Washington, D. C., 1912. Capital +letters designate teeth in the upper jaws and lower case letters +designate teeth in the lower jaws; for example, M2 refers to the second +upper molar and m2 refers to the second lower molar. + +The localities of specimens examined and additional records are listed +from north to south and their geographic positions can be found in the +gazetteer and on the map (Fig. 4). + +Most of the specimens examined are in the Museum of Natural History of +the University of Kansas. Unless otherwise indicated, catalogue numbers +relate to that collection. A few specimens from other collections were +seen. Abbreviations identifying those collections are: UMMZ, the +University of Michigan Museum of Zoology; AMNH, the American Museum of +Natural History; and GMS, George M. Sutton collection (University of +Oklahoma). + +I am grateful to Prof. E. Raymond Hall and Dr. J. Knox Jones, Jr., for +their advice and kind help that have enabled me to complete this work. +I thank Dr. William E. Duellman for his advice concerning Zoogeography +and Biologist Gaston Guzman for help with the names of plants. For the +loan of specimens I am grateful to Dr. George M. Sutton of the +University of Oklahoma, to Dr. David H. Johnson and Dr. Richard H. +Manville of the United States National Museum, to Drs. William H. Burt +and Emmet T. Hooper of the University of Michigan Museum of Zoology, +and to Dr. Richard Van Gelder of the American Museum of Natural +History. I thank, also, Dr. William Z. Lidicker, Jr., for information +about the locality called Lulu, and the collectors from the Museum of +Natural History, especially Gerd H. Heinrich, William J. Schaldach, +Percy L. Clifton, and John H. Bodley. I am grateful also to Charles A. +Long and to several other persons, not named here, who helped me in +some way to complete my study of the mammals of Tamaulipas. + +Most of the field work was financed by the Kansas University Endowment +Association. Some laboratory work was done when the author was +half-time Research Assistant under Grant No. 56 G 103 from the National +Science Foundation. + + + + +GAZETTEER + + +The specimens examined and additional records are listed with reference +to the following place names. The geographic position of each was taken +from the maps of the American Geographical Society of New York, scale +1:1,000,000, and the Atlas Geografico de la Republica Mexicana, scale +1:500,000. + + Acuna.--23 deg.26', 98 deg.25'. + Agua Linda.--23 deg.05', 99 deg.14'. + Aldama.--22 deg.55', 98 deg.04'. + Alta Cima.--23 deg.05', 99 deg.11'. + Altamira.--22 deg.23', 97 deg.56'. + Antiguo Morelos.--22 deg.33', 99 deg.05'. + Aserradero del Infernillo [Infiernillo].--23 deg.04', 99 deg.13'. + Aserradero del Paraiso.--22 deg.59', 99 deg.15'. + Bagdad.--25 deg.57', 97 deg.09'. + Camargo.--26 deg.20', 98 deg.50'. + Cerro del Tigre.--23 deg.04', 99 deg.17'. + Chamal.--22 deg.49', 99 deg.14'. + Charco Escondido.--25 deg.46', 98 deg.22'. + Ciudad Victoria.--23 deg.45', 99 deg.07'. + Cueva de Quintero.--22 deg.39', 99 deg.02'. + Cueva La Esperanza.--23 deg.55', 99 deg.17'. + Cueva La Mula.--see La Mula. + Cueva Los Troncones.--23 deg.49', 99 deg.15'. + Cues.--22 deg.58', 98 deg.13'. + Ejido Santa Isabel.--23 deg.14', 99 deg.00'. + El Carrizo.--23 deg.15', 99 deg.05'. + El Encino.--23 deg.08', 99 deg.07'. + El Mante (Cd. Mante).--22 deg.45', 99 deg.01'. + El Mulato.--24 deg.54', 98 deg.57'. + El Pachon.--22 deg.36', 99 deg.03'. + Forlon.--23 deg.14', 98 deg.49'. + Gomez Farias.--23 deg.02', 99 deg.10'. + Guemes.--23 deg.55', 99 deg.00'. + Guerrero.--26 deg.48', 99 deg.20'. + Hacienda Santa Engracia.--24 deg.02', 99 deg.12'. + Hidalgo.--24 deg.15', 99 deg.26'. + Jaumave.--23 deg.24', 99 deg.23'. + Joya de Salas.--23 deg.11', 99 deg.17'. + Joya Verde.--23 deg.35', 99 deg.14'. + La Azteca (Ejido).--23 deg.05', 99 deg.08'. + La Mula.--23 deg.36', 99 deg.17'. + La Pesca.--23 deg.47', 97 deg.48'. + La Purisima.--24 deg.18', 99 deg.28'. + La Vegonia.--24 deg.40', 99 deg.05'. + Limon.--22 deg.49', 99 deg.00'. + Marmolejo.--24 deg.38', 99 deg.00'. + Matamoros.--25 deg.55', 97 deg.30'. + Mesa de Llera.--23 deg.20', 99 deg.01'. + Mier.--26 deg.27', 99 deg.09'. + Miquihuana.--23 deg.27', 99 deg.46'. + Nicolas.--23 deg.21', 100 deg.04'. + Nuevo Laredo.--27 deg.30', 99 deg.30'. + Ocampo.--22 deg.50', 99 deg.21'. + Ojo de Agua.--22 deg.35', 98 deg.58'. + Padilla.--24 deg.01', 98 deg.46'. + Palmillas.--23 deg.18', 99 deg.33'. + Piedra.--23 deg.30', 98 deg.06'. + Rancho del Cielo.--23 deg.04', 99 deg.12'. + Rancho Pano Ayuctle.--23 deg.07', 99 deg.13'. + Rancho Santa Rosa.--23 deg.58', 99 deg.16'. + Rancho Tigre.--22 deg.54', 99 deg.20'. + Rancho Viejo.--23 deg.02', 99 deg.13'. + Reynosa.--26 deg.06', 98 deg.15'. + Rio Bravo (Town).--26 deg.04', 98 deg.08'. + Rio Corono [Corona].--23 deg.50', 98 deg.50'. + San Antonio.--23 deg.08', 99 deg.23'. + San Carlos.--24 deg.35', 98 deg.57'. + San Fernando.--24 deg.51', 98 deg.09'. + San Jose.--24 deg.41', 99 deg.06'. + San Miguel.--24 deg.45', 99 deg.05'. + Santa Maria.--23 deg.31', 98 deg.41'. + Santa Teresa.--25 deg.27', 97 deg.29'. + Savinito.--(?)23 deg.43', 98 deg.51'. + Soto la Marina.--23 deg.46', 98 deg.15'. + Tajada.--23 deg.16', 99 deg.55'. + Tamaulipeca.--24 deg.45', 99 deg.05'. + Tampico.--22 deg.12', 97 deg.51'. + Tula.--23 deg.00', 99 deg.42'. + Villagran.--24 deg.29', 99 deg.29'. + Villa Mainero.--24 deg.34', 99 deg.36'. + Washington Beach.--25 deg.53', 97 deg.09'. + Xicotencatl.--23 deg.00', 98 deg.57'. + Zamorina.--23 deg.20', 97 deg.58'. + +[Illustration: FIG. 4. Place names, in Tamaulipas, mentioned in text.] + + + + +CHECK-LIST + + +The 146 kinds of native mammals of 120 species found in Tamaulipas +belong to 72 genera of 25 families of 10 orders. Non-native mammals +introduced by man are not included. + + +Class MAMMALIA + +Order MARSUPIALIA + +Family Didelphidae PAGE + _Didelphis marsupialis californicus_ Bennett 393 + _Didelphis marsupialis texensis_ J. A. Allen 394 + _Philander opossum pallidus_ (J. A. Allen) 394 + _Marmosa mexicana mexicana_ Merriam 395 + + +Order INSECTIVORA + +Family Soricidae + _Sorex saussurei saussurei_ Merriam 396 + _Cryptotis parva berlandieri_ (Baird) 396 + _Cryptotis pergracilis pueblensis_ Jackson 396 + _Cryptotis mexicana madrea_ Goodwin 396 + _Notiosorex crawfordi_ (Coues) 397 + +Family Talpidae + _Scalopus inflatus_ Jackson 397 + + +Order CHIROPTERA + +Family Phyllostomatidae + _Pteronotus rubiginosus mexicana_ (Miller) 398 + _Pteronotus davyi fulvus_ (Thomas) 398 + _Choeronycteris mexicana_ Tschudi 399 + _Mormoops megalophylla megalophylla_ (Peters) 399 + _Micronycteris megalotis mexicana_ Miller 400 + _Glossophaga sorocina leachii_ (Gray) 400 + _Leptonycteris nivalis nivalis_ (Saussure) 401 + _Sturnira lilium parvidens_ Goldman 401 + _Artibeus jamaicensis jamaicensis_ Leach 402 + _Artibeus lituratus palmarum_ Allen and Chapman 402 + _Artibeus toltecus_ (Saussure) 403 + _Artibeus aztecus_ Andersen 403 + _Enchistenes hartii_ (Thomas) 404 + _Centurio senex_ Gray 404 + +Family Desmodontidae + _Desmodus rotundus murinus_ Wagner 405 + _Diphylla ecaudata_ Spix 406 + +Family Natalidae + _Natalus stramineus saturatus_ Dalquest and Hall 407 + +Family Vespertilionidae + _Myotis velifer incautus_ (J. A. Allen) 407 + _Myotis keenii auriculus_ Baker and Stains 408 + _Myotis californicus mexicanus_ (Saussure) 408 + _Myotis nigricans dalquesti_ Hall and Alvarez 409 + _Pipistrellus subflavus subflavus_ (F. Cuvier) 409 + _Pipistrellus hesperus potosinus_ Dalquest 410 + _Eptesicus fuscus miradorensis_ (H. Allen) 410 + _Lasiurus borealis borealis_ (Mueller) 411 + _Lasiurus borealis teliotis_ (H. Allen) 412 + _Lasiurus cinereus cinereus_ (Palisot and Beauvois) 412 + _Lasiurus intermedius intermedius_ H. Allen 412 + _Lasiurus ega xanthinus_ (Thomas) 413 + _Nycticeus humeralis humeralis_ (Rafinesque) 413 + _Nycticeus humeralis mexicanus_ Davis 413 + _Rhogeessa tumida tumida_ H. Allen 414 + _Plecotus phyllotis_ (G. M. Allen) 415 + _Antrozous pallidus pallidus_ (Le Conte) 415 + +Family Molossidae + _Tadarida brasiliensis mexicana_ (Saussure) 415 + _Tadarida aurispinosa_ (Peale) 415 + _Tadarida laticaudata ferruginea_ Goodwin 416 + _Molossus ater nigricans_ Miller 417 + + +Order PRIMATES + +Family Cebidae + _Ateles geoffroyi velerosus_ Gray 417 + + +Order EDENTATA + +Family Dasypodidae + _Dasypus novemcinctus mexicanus_ Peters 418 + + +Order LAGOMORPHA + +Family Leporidae + _Sylvilagus brasiliensis truei_ (J. A. Allen) 418 + _Sylvilagus audubonii parvulus_ (J. A. Allen) 418 + _Sylvilagus floridanus chapmani_ (J. A. Allen) 419 + _Sylvilagus floridanus connectens_ (Nelson) 419 + _Lepus californicus altamirae_ Nelson 420 + _Lepus californicus curti_ Hall 420 + _Lepus californicus merriami_ Mearns 421 + + +Order RODENTIA + +Family Sciuridae + _Spermophilus mexicanus parvidens_ Mearns 421 + _Spermophilus spilosoma oricolus_ Alvarez 422 + _Spermophilus variegatus couchii_ Baird 422 + _Sciurus aureogaster aureogaster_ Cuvier 423 + _Sciurus deppei negligens_ Nelson 424 + _Sciurus alleni_ Nelson 424 + _Glaucomys volans herreranus_ Goldman 425 + +Family Geomyidae + _Geomys personatus personatus_ True 425 + _Geomys tropicalis_ Goldman 426 + _Heterogeomys hispidus negatus_ Goodwin 427 + _Cratogeomys castanops planifrons_ Nelson and Goldman 428 + _Cratogeomys castanops tamaulipensis_ Nelson and Goldman 428 + +Family Heteromyidae + _Perognathus merriami merriami_ J. A. Allen 429 + _Perognathus hispidus hispidus_ Baird 429 + _Perognathus nelsoni nelsoni_ Merriam 430 + _Dipodomys ordii durranti_ Setzer 431 + _Dipodomys ordii parvabullatus_ Hall 431 + _Dipodomys ordii compactus_ True 431 + _Dipodomys merriami atronasus_ Merriam 432 + _Liomys irroratus alleni_ (Coues) 433 + _Liomys irroratus texensis_ Merriam 433 + +Family Castoridae + _Castor canadensis mexicanus_ V. Bailey 434 + +Family Cricetidae + _Oryzomys palustris aquaticus_ J. A. Allen 435 + _Oryzomys palustris peragrus_ Merriam 435 + _Oryzomys melanotis carrorum_ Lawrence 436 + _Oryzomys melanotis rostratus_ Merriam 437 + _Oryzomys alfaroi huastecae_ Dalquest 437 + _Oryzomys fulvescens fulvescens_ (Saussure) 438 + _Oryzomys fulvescens engracie_ Osgood 438 + _Reithrodontomys megalotis hooperi_ Goodwin 438 + _Reithrodontomys fulvescens griseoflavus_ Merriam 438 + _Reithrodontomys fulvescens intermedius_ J. A. Allen 439 + _Reithrodontomys fulvescens tropicalis_ Davis 439 + _Reithrodontomys mexicanus mexicanus_ (Saussure) 440 + _Peromyscus maniculatus blandus_ Osgood 440 + _Peromyscus melanotis_ J. A. Allen and Chapman 440 + _Peromyscus leucopus texanus_ (Woodhouse) 441 + _Peromyscus boylii ambiguus_ Alvarez 443 + _Peromyscus boylii levipes_ Merriam 443 + _Peromyscus pectoralis collinus_ Hooper 444 + _Peromyscus pectoralis eremicoides_ Osgood 445 + _Peromyscus melanophrys consobrinus_ Osgood 445 + _Peromyscus difficilis petricola_ Hoffmeister and de la Torre 446 + _Peromyscus ochraventer_ Baker 446 + _Baiomys taylori taylori_ (Thomas) 447 + _Onychomys leucogaster longipes_ Merriam 447 + _Onychomys torridus subrufus_ Hollister 448 + _Sigmodon hispidus berlandieri_ Baird 449 + _Sigmodon hispidus solus_ Hall 450 + _Sigmodon hispidus toltecus_ (Saussure) 450 + _Neotoma albigula subsolana_ Alvarez 450 + _Neotoma angustapalata_ Baker 451 + _Neotoma micropus littoralis_ Goldman 453 + _Neotoma micropus micropus_ Baird 453 + _Microtus mexicanus subsimus_ Goldman 454 + + +Order CARNIVORA + +Family Canidae + _Canis latrans microdon_ Merriam 454 + _Canis latrans texensis_ V. Bailey 455 + _Canis lupus monstrabilis_ Goldman 455 + _Urocyon cinereoargenteus scottii_ Mearns 455 + +Family Ursidae + _Ursus americanus eremicus_ Merriam 456 + +Family Procyonidae + _Bassariscus astutus flavus_ Rhoads 456 + _Procyon lotor fuscipes_ Mearns 457 + _Procyon lotor hernandezii_ Wagler 457 + _Nasua narica molaris_ Merriam 458 + _Potos flavus aztecus_ Thomas 458 + +Family Mustelidae + _Mustela frenata frenata_ Lichtenstein 458 + _Mustela frenata tropicalis_ (Merriam) 459 + _Eira barbara senex_ (Thomas) 459 + _Taxidea taxus berlandieri_ Baird 460 + _Taxidea taxus littoralis_ Schantz 460 + _Spilogale putorius interrupta_ (Rafinesque) 461 + _Mephitis mephitis_ varians Gray 461 + _Mephitis macroura macroura_ Lichtenstein 461 + _Conepatus mesoleucus mearnsi_ Merriam 462 + _Conepatus leuconotus texensis_ Merriam 462 + +Family Felidae + _Felis concolor stanleyana_ Goldman 462 + _Felis onca veraecrucis_ Nelson and Goldman 463 + _Felis pardalis albescens_ Pucheran 463 + _Felis wiedii oaxacensis_ Nelson and Goldman 464 + _Felis yagouaroundi cacomitli_ Berlandier 464 + _Lynx rufus texensis_ J. A. Allen 464 + + +Order SIRENIA + +Family Trichechidae + _Trichechus manatus latirostris_ (Harlan) 465 + +Order ARTIODACTYLA + +Family Tayassuidae + _Tayassu tajacu angulatus_ (Cope) 465 + +Family Cervidae + _Odocoileus hemionus crooki_ (Mearns) 465 + _Odocoileus virginianus miquihuanensis_ Goldman and Kellogg 466 + _Odocoileus virginianus texanus_ (Mearns) 466 + _Odocoileus virginianus veraecrucis_ Goldman and Kellogg 466 + _Mazama americana temama_ (Kerr) 466 + +Family Antilocapridae + _Antilocapra americana mexicana_ Merriam 467 + + + + +ACCOUNTS OF SPECIES AND SUBSPECIES + + +=Didelphis marsupialis= + +Opossum + +The opossum occurs throughout Tamaulipas but is commonest in the south, +especially in the areas of tropical forest and along water courses. +Most of the specimens examined were caught in steel traps baited with +remains of small animals (mostly mammals and birds, but one trap was +baited with the head of a black bass). At Villa Mainero five +individuals were caught in one night in five of seven traps scented +with spilogale musk. These traps were set in runways along a thick +thorn-brush fence, which separated a cornfield from thorn-brush desert. +Along the Rio Purificacion 36 kilometers north and 10 kilometers west +of Victoria an opossum was eaten in a trap by a small carnivore, +probably a felid judging from tracks around the trap. + +A female with 14 pouch young was taken in June in the Sierra de +Tamaulipas and weighed 1350 grams; a March-taken female with nine small +young in her pouch, from Soto la Marina, weighed 1800 grams. A male +from the Sierra de Tamaulipas also weighed 1800 grams. + + +=Didelphis marsupialis californica= Bennett + + 1833. _Didelphis Californica_ Bennett, Proc. Zool. Soc. + London, p. 40, May 17, type locality restricted to Sonora by + Hershkovitz (_infra_). + + 1951. _Didelphis marsupialis californica_, Hershkovitz + Fieldiana-Zool., Chicago Nat. Hist. Mus., 31(47):548, July + 10. + + _Distribution in Tamaulipas._--Southeastern part of state, + north at least to Soto la Marina. + +In studying Tamaulipan specimens, I was mindful that Hershkovitz +(1951:550) regarded all opossums of this species in Mexico as a single +subspecies, even though J. A. Allen (1901) recognized two subspecies in +the northeastern part of the Republic. According to Allen (p. 172), _D. +m. texensis_ (to which he ascribed a distribution in Texas and +adjoining Tamaulipas) was described as: "Similar in coloration to _D. +marsupialis_ (_typica_) [_D. m. californica_], but with a relatively +longer tail, longer nasals, usually terminating posteriorly in an acute +angle, instead of being rounded or more or less abruptly truncated on +the posterior border." The available material from Tamaulipas can be +divided into two groups on the basis of shape and proportion of the +nasals. In opossums from the southeast the nasals are truncate +posteriorly and average 47.0 (45.1-48.4) per cent of the condylobasal +length, whereas in specimens from elsewhere the nasals are acute +posteriorly and average 50.7 (49.7-51.8) per cent of the condylobasal +length. Tentatively, therefore, I follow Allen in recognizing two +subspecies in northeastern Mexico. + +I note no especial difference in length of tail between _texensis_ and +_californica_. Hooper (1951:3) followed Hershkovitz in reporting as +_californica_ a specimen from Rancho del Cielo; to me, specimens from +this area are referable to _texensis_. + +One of the specimens from two miles south and 10 miles west of Piedra +(54917) has a supernumerary tooth lingual and anterior to the last +upper molar. The tooth is small (2.7 mm. long) and peglike. + + _Records of occurrence._--Specimens examined, 8: 3 mi. N + Soto la Marina, 1; 2 mi. S, 10 mi. W Piedra, 12,000 ft., 7. + + Additional records: Matamoros (Baird, 1858:234); Altamira + (J. A. Allen, 1901:167). + + +=Didelphis marsupialis texensis= J. A. Allen + + 1901. _Didelphis marsupialis texensis_ J. A. Allen, Bull. + Amer. Mus. Hist., 14:172, June 15, type from Brownsville, + Cameron County, Texas. + + _Distribution in Tamaulipas._--Northern, central and + southwestern parts of state. + + _Records of occurrence._--Specimens examined, 7: San + Fernando, 180 ft., 1; Villa Mainero, 1700 ft., 2; 36 km. N, + 10 km. W Cd. Victoria (1 km. E El Barretal), on Rio + Purificacion, 1; 12 km. N, 4 km. W Cd. Victoria, 1; Ejido + Santa Isabel (12 km. S Llera), 2 km. W Pan-American Highway, + 2000 ft., 1; 4 mi. N Jaumave, 2500 ft., 1. + + Additional records: Matamoros (J. A. Allen, 1901:173); El + Mulato, San Carlos Mts. (Dice, 1937:249); Rancho del Cielo + (Hooper, 1953:3). + + +=Philander opossum pallidus= (J. A. Allen) + +Four-eyed Opossum + + 1901. _Metachirus fuscogriseus pallidus_ J. A. Allen, Bull. + Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 14:215, July 3, type from Orizaba, + Veracruz. + + 1955. _Philander opossum pallidus_, Miller and Kellogg, + Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 205:8, March 3. + + _Distribution in Tamaulipas._--Known only from along eastern + side of Sierra Madre Oriental, north to vicinity of La + Purisima. + +In Tamaulipas, the four-eyed opossum is seemingly common at relatively +low elevations in the Tropical Deciduous Forest along the eastern side +of the Sierra Madre Oriental, but the species is not restricted to this +area as one specimen is available from a place seven kilometers +southwest of La Purisima, in the drier forest of west-central +Tamaulipas. The highest elevation at which individuals have been taken +in the state is approximately 2500 feet. + +Specimens obtained two kilometers west of El Carrizo were caught in +steel traps that were baited with the bodies of small birds and mammals +and that were set in trails leading through a fence of piled logs that +separated a cornfield from adjacent forest. At Rancho Pano Ayuctle, +some individuals were trapped in steel sets baited with scraps of meat; +others were shot at night in the forest along the Rio Sabinas. +Schaldach reported in his notes that four-eyed opossums robbed trap +lines set for small mammals at Rancho Pano Ayuctle. W. W. Dalquest +trapped an individual seven kilometers southwest of La Purisima using +the body of an armadillo as bait. The natives of southern Tamaulipas +refer to this animal as "tlacuache cuatrojos." + +Tamaulipan specimens of _P. o. pallidus_ differ from topotypes and +other specimens from the vicinity of the type locality in averaging +somewhat paler dorsally and slightly smaller in cranial dimensions when +specimens of equal age are compared. They differ also in having a +longer terminal area of white on the tail, 53.1 per cent (43.3-62.8) of +the length of the tail in 13 specimens from Tamaulipas, and 38.7 +(30.9-48.2) per cent in 14 specimens from the vicinity of the type +locality of _pallidus_ in Veracruz; specimens from northern Veracruz +are intermediate between the two mentioned populations in amount of +white on the tail. Baker (1951:210) noted that the specimens from two +kilometers west of El Carrizo had "proportionately longer tails than +typical _P. o. pallidus_ from central Veracruz," but I do not find this +character to be consistent in the more abundant material now available. + + _Measurements._--External and cranial measurements of three + adults, a male and female from Rancho Pano Ayuctle and a + male from two kilometers west of El Carrizo, respectively, + are as follows: 577, 580, 568; 294, 288, 290; 46, 43, 43; + 40, 42, 37; condylobasal length, ----, 70.1, 69.9; palatal + length, 43.2, 42.3, 41.9; lambdoidal breadth, 23.6, 22.0, + 22.7; alveolar length of maxillary tooth-row, 29.5, 28.4, + 29.0. + + _Records of occurrence._--Specimens examined, 15: 7 km. SW + La Purisima, 1; Rancho Pano Ayuctle, 6 mi. N Gomez Farias, + 300 ft., 1; Rancho Pano Ayuctle, 25 mi. N Mante and 3 km. W + Pan-American Highway, 300 ft., 7; 10 km. N, 8 km. W El + Encino, 400 ft., 3; 2 km. W El Carrizo, 2500 ft., 3 (one + specimen deposited in Instituto de Biologia, Mexico). + + +=Marmosa mexicana mexicana= Merriam + +Mexican Mouse-opossum + + 1897. _Marmosa murina mexicana_ Merriam, Proc. Biol. Soc. + Washington, 11:44, March 16, type from Juquila, 1500 m., + Oaxaca. + + 1902. _Marmosa mexicana_, Bangs, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., + 39:19, April. + + _Distribution in Tamaulipas._--Known only from Aserradero + del Infernillo (Goodwin, 1954:3) in southwestern part of + state. + + _Marmosa_ has been reported from Tamaulipas only by Goodwin + (1954:3), who examined "15 rami, and one fragment of + maxillary" that were found in a cave. Possibly they were + remains from owl pellets. + + +=Sorex saussurei saussurei= Merriam + +Saussure's Shrew + + 1892. _Sorex saussurei_ Merriam, Proc. Biol. Soc. + Washington, 7:173, September 29, type from N slope Sierra + Nevada de Colima, approximately 8000 ft., Jalisco. + + _Distribution in Tamaulipas._--Known only from Miquihuana. + + Jackson (1928:156) reported four specimens from Miquihuana, + which he incorrectly located in Nuevo Leon. + + +=Cryptotis parva berlandieri= (Baird) + +Least Shrew + + 1858. _Blarina berlandieri_ Baird, Mammals, _in_ Repts. + Expl. Surv. ..., 8(1):53, July 14, type from Matamoros, + Tamaulipas. + + 1941. _Cryptotis parva berlandieri_, Davis, Jour. Mamm., + 22:413, November 13. + + _Distribution in Tamaulipas._--Throughout state. + +A female taken on July 5, one mile south of Altamira, carried three +embryos 5 mm. in crown-rump length. A female from the same locality and +another taken on June 6 in the Sierra de Tamaulipas were lactating. +Weight of each of six males was 5.0 grams. + + _Records of occurrence._--Specimens examined, 9: Sierra de + Tamaulipas, 10 mi. W, 2 mi. S Piedra, 1200 ft., 1; 1 mi. S + Altamira, 8. + + Additional records: Matamoros (Baird, 1858:53); 9 km. N + Rancho Tigre (Goodwin, 1954:3). + + +=Cryptotis pergracilis pueblensis= Jackson + +Slender Small-eared Shrew + + 1933. _Cryptotis pergracilis pueblensis_ Jackson, Proc. + Biol. Soc. Washington, 46:79, April 27, type from + Huachinango, 5000 ft., Puebla. + + _Distribution in Tamaulipas._--Known only from Aserradero + del Paraiso. + +The only report from Tamaulipas of this small shrew is that of Goodwin +(1954:3) who listed a cranium and mandible, possibly of the same +individual, found on the floor of a cave. Goodwin referred the remains +to _pueblensis_ because of the "noticeably broader and heavier rostrum +than in ... _C. parva berlandieri_ from Rancho Tigre." + + +=Cryptotis mexicana madrea= Goodwin + +Mexican Small-eared Shrew + + 1954. _Cryptotis mexicana madrea_ Goodwin, Amer. Mus. + Novit., 1670:1, June 28, type from Rancho del Cielo, 5 mi. + NW Gomez Farias, 3500 ft., Tamaulipas. + + _Distribution in Tamaulipas._--Known only from the type + locality and vicinity thereof. + +This subspecies is known only from two complete specimens, six crania +and four rami collected in two different localities--the type locality +and Aserradero del Infernillo, only seven kilometers from the type +locality. All the specimens were examined and reported by Goodwin +(1954:1; 1954:4). The type specimen "was taken in a low section of an +overgrown ditch" and the other complete specimen was trapped in a stone +wall that separated an orchard from a pasture. The six skulls were +found in owl pellets. + + +=Notiosorex crawfordi= (Coues) + +Crawford's Desert Shrew + + 1877. _Sorex (Notiosorex) crawfordi_ Coues, Bull. U. S. + Geol. and Geog. Surv. Territories, 3:651, May 15, type from + near old Fort Bliss, approximately 2 mi. above El Paso, El + Paso Co., Texas. + + 1895. _Notiosorex crawfordi_, Merriam, N. Amer. Fauna, + 10:32, Dec. 31. + + _Distribution in Tamaulipas_.--Known only from two + localities in southwestern part of state. + +The two specimens examined were collected in July, one in tropical +forest and the other in pine-oak forest; each was a lactating female +and each weighed 5 grams. + +Judging from Merriam's (1895:32) description, the two females differ +from the type and three specimens from San Diego, Texas, in having a +unicolored tail and in being slightly larger externally. When more +abundant material is available the _Notiosorex crawfordi_ of +northeastern Mexico probably will be found to represent a new +subspecies; for the present I follow Findley (1955:616) in referring +Tamaulipan specimens to _N. crawfordi_. + + _Measurements._--External measurements of the specimens from + Jaumave and Palmillas, respectively: 90, 90; 28, 31; 11, + 11.5; 8, 8. For cranial measurements see Findley (1955:32). + + _Records of occurrence._--Specimens examined, 2: Jaumave, + 2400 ft., 1; Palmillas, 4400 ft., 1. + + +=Scalopus inflatus= Jackson + +Tamaulipan Mole + + 1914. _Scalopus inflatus_ Jackson, Proc. Biol. Soc. + Washington, 27:21, February 2, type from Tamaulipas, 45 + miles from Brownsville, Texas. + + _Distribution in Tamaulipas._--Known only from the type + locality. + +_Scalopus inflatus_ is known only from the type specimen, which is +imperfect and lacks complete data according to Jackson (1914:21). The +type locality is in Tamaulipas, 45 miles from Brownsville, Texas, but +the exact direction from Brownsville is unknown; probably the locality +was on the road between that town and San Fernando, Tamaulipas, which +is south-southwest of Brownsville. + + +=Pteronotus rubiginosus mexicanus= (Miller) + +Mustached Bat + + 1902. _Chilonycteris mexicana_ Miller, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. + Philadelphia, 54:401, September 12, type from San Blas, + Nayarit. + + _Distribution in Tamaulipas._--Southern part of state in + areas of tropical forest. + +Most individuals of this species were taken in mist nets. Northwest of +El Encino for example, bats were collected from a net placed in "a +strategic position across a narrow opening" (Schaldach, fieldnotes) in +a cave near the headwaters of the Rio Sabinas; along the same river at +Rancho Pano Ayuctle some were taken in a net stretched across a little +creek (arroyo). In the cave near El Encino the collector (Schaldach) +estimated the population of _P. rubiginosus_ at between two and three +hundred; at Ojo de Agua this bat was found in the deepest part of a +cave in association with _Myotis nigricans_. + +Two June-taken females from the Sierra de Tamaulipas were lactating, +and weighed 17 and 18 grams. + +The generic name _Pteronotus_ is employed instead of _Chilonycteris_ +following Burt and Stirton (1961:24-25). The specific name +_rubiginosus_ is used in accordance with de la Torre (1955:696). +Tamaulipan specimens are assigned to _P. r. mexicana_ because they do +not differ from specimens of that subspecies from Nayarit, except that +the coloration of Tamaulipan specimens averages slightly darker in both +color phases. + +Specimens of this subspecies from the Sierra de Tamaulipas, previously +recorded by Anderson (1956:349), are the northernmost reported in +eastern Mexico. + + _Records of occurrence._--Specimens examined, 31: Sierra de + Tamaulipas, 2 mi. S, 10 mi. W Piedra, 1200 ft., 1; Sierra de + Tamaulipas, 3 mi. S, 10 mi. W Piedra, 1400 ft., 3; Rancho + Pano Ayuctle, 25 mi. N El Mante, 3 mi. W Pan-American + Highway, 300 ft., 3; Ojo de Agua, 20 mi. N El Mante, and 3 + km. W Pan-American Highway, 300 ft., 2; 10 km. N, 8 km. W El + Encino, 400 ft., 22. + + Additional records (Goodwin, 1954:4): Aserradero del + Paraiso; El Pachon. + + +=Pteronotus davyi fulvus= (Thomas) + +Davy's Naked-backed Bat + + 1892. _Chilonycteris davyi fulvus_ Thomas, Ann. Mag. Nat. + Hist., ser. 6, 10:410, November, type from Las Penas, + Jalisco. + + 1912. _Pteronotus davyi fulvus_, Miller, Bull. U. S. Nat. + Mus., 79:33, December 31. + + _Distribution in Tamaulipas._--Known only from the two + localities reported in this paper. + +According to field-notes of Schaldach _et al._, individuals of _P. d. +fulvus_ appear when it is almost dark (about 6:30 p. m. in December and +January), ordinarily fly about 25 feet above the ground, but +occasionally are seen at heights of between 60 and 70 feet (near tops +of the largest cypress trees). Most bats flew in a straight line for 10 +to 20 yards, then zig-zagged, and repeated the same movements. All +specimens examined are in the brown color phase. + + _Records of occurrence._--Specimens examined, 11: Rancho + Santa Rosa, 25 km. N, 13 km. W Cd. Victoria, 260 m., 10; + Rancho Pano Ayuctle, 6 mi. N Gomez Farias, 300 ft., 1. + + +=Choeronycteris mexicana= Tschudi + +Mexican Long-tongued Bat + + 1844. _Choeronycteris mexicana_ Tschudi, Untersuchungen ueber + die fauna Peruana ..., p. 72, type from Mexico. + + _Distribution in Tamaulipas._--East side of Sierra Madre in + southwestern part of state. + +Specimens from La Mula were obtained in a small cave, which was +inhabited also by _Desmodus rotundus_ and _Tadarida brasiliensis_. The +specimens from Miquihuana were captured in a mine by a native. Those +from four kilometers north of Joya Verde also were taken from a mine. +Females obtained in August at La Mula were lactating. + +Specimens examined are indistinguishable from _C. mexicana_ from Oaxaca +and Jalisco. Baker (1956:172) found no differences between Coahuilan +and Tamaulipan specimens. Most Tamaulipan specimens are dark grayish, +but some are brownish and some are intermediate between the two colors +mentioned. Fourteen adults weighed an average of 16.0 (12-18) grams. + + _Records of occurrence._--Specimens examined, 19: 4 km. N + Joya Verde, 4000 ft., 3; La Mula, 13 mi. N Jaumave, 4; Cueva + La Mula, 10 km. W Joya Verde, 2400 ft., 2; Miquihuana, 6500 + ft., 10. + + +=Mormoops megalophylla megalophylla= (Peters) + +Peters' Leaf-chinned Bat + + 1864. _Mormops megalophylla_ Peters, Monatsb. preuss. Akad. + Wiss., Berlin, p. 381, type from southern Mexico. + + _Distribution in Tamaulipas._--Throughout state, except + possibly west of the Sierra Madre Oriental. + +Specimens from the Sierra de Tamaulipas were taken in mist nets in +which _Pteronotus rubiginosus_, _Lasiurus borealis_, or _Centurio +senex_ also were captured. The specimen from Rancho Santa Rosa was shot +as it flew at a height of six feet. + +Tamaulipan specimens of _Mormoops megalophylla_ are here assigned to +_M. m. megalophylla_ instead of to _M. m. senicula_ following Villa and +Jimenez (1961:503), who regarded _senicula_ as indistinguishable from +_megalophylla_. + +Weight of four specimens from the Sierra de Tamaulipas averaged 16.2 +(15-18) grams. + + _Records of occurrence._--Specimens examined, 5: Sierra de + Tamaulipas, 3 mi. S, 16 mi. W Piedra, 1300 ft., 2; Sierra de + Tamaulipas, 3 mi. S, 14 mi. W Piedra, 1400 ft., 1; Sierra de + Tamaulipas, 3 mi. S, 10 mi. W Piedra, 1400 ft., 1; Rancho + Santa Rosa, 25 km. N, 13 km. W Cd. Victoria, 260 m., 1. + + Additional records: Cueva de Los Troncones, 7.5 km. NNW, 3.5 + km. S Cd. Victoria (Villa and Jimenez, 1961:503); Cueva de + Quintero, 15 km. SSW Cd. Mante (_ibid._); Tampico (Davis and + Carter, 1962:67). + + +=Micronycteris megalotis mexicana= Miller + +Brazilian Small-eared Bat + + 1898. _Micronycteris megalotis mexicana_ Miller, Proc. Acad. + Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 50:329, August 2, type from + Platanar, Jalisco. + + _Distribution in Tamaulipas._--Known only from Rancho Pano + Ayuctle (Goodwin, 1954:4). The single specimen of this + species presently known from Tamaulipas was shot while it + was roosting in a ranch house. + + +=Glossophaga soricina leachii= (Gray) + +Pallas' Long-tongued Bat + + 1844. _Monophyllus leachii_ Gray, _in_ The zoology of the + voyage of H. M. S. Sulphur ..., 1 (1, Mamm.): 18, April, + type from Realego, Chinandega, Nicaragua. + + 1913. _Glossophaga soricina leachii_, Miller, Proc. U. S. + Nat. Mus., 46:419, December 31. + + _Distribution in Tamaulipas._--Tropical region of southern + part of state. + +Specimens from the Sierra de Tamaulipas were taken in a cave along with +_Desmodus rotundus_ and _Tadarida laticaudata_. Specimens from 20 miles +north of El Mante were collected from a cave about 50 yards deep. +Weights of two females from the Sierra de Tamaulipas were 9 and 12 +grams. Tamaulipan specimens examined do not differ from specimens from +Nicaragua that were used in comparison. + + _Records of occurrence._--Specimens examined, 6: Sierra de + Tamaulipas, 3 mi. S, 16 mi. W Piedra, 1400 ft., 2; 10 km. N, + 8 km. W El Encino, 400 ft., 1; Ojo de Agua, 20 mi. N El + Mante, and 3 km. W Highway, 300 ft., 2; 8 km. NE Antiguo + Morelos, 500 ft., 1. + + Additional records: 5 mi. NE Antiguo Morelos, near El Pachon + (de la Torre, 1954:114); Altamira (Miller, 1913:420). + + +=Leptonycteris nivalis nivalis= (Saussure) + +Long-nosed Bat + + 1860. _M. [= Ischnoglossa] nivalis_ Saussure, Revue et Mag. + Zool., Paris, ser. 2, 12:492, November, type from near snow + line of Mt. Orizaba, Veracruz. + + 1900. _Leptonycteris nivalis_, Miller, Proc. Biol. Soc. + Washington, 13:126, April 6. + + _Distribution in Tamaulipas._--Probably throughout southern + part of state, but presently known only from one locality. + +The specimens herein reported were taken in a cave. They provide the +first record of the species from Tamaulipas and are assigned to the +subspecies _nivalis_ on the basis of their brownish color and small +size in comparison with specimens of _L. n. longala_ from Coahuila (see +also description and measurements of _longala_ given by Stains, +1957:356). None of the specimens suggests intergradation in color +between _nivalis_ and _longala_, but some are slightly larger than +specimens of the former from Veracruz. + +Twelve females taken on August 27, 1961, were pregnant. Each carried a +single embryo, the embryos averaging 15.7 (12-20) mm. in crown-rump +length. The average weight of the 12 females was 26.9 (24.5-30.0) +grams; 10 males weighed an average of 24.6 (21-28) grams. + + _Measurements._--Average and extremes of ten specimens (5 + males and 5 females) are as follows: 78.2 (76-80); 0.0; 16.4 + (15-17); 16.7 (16-19); length of forearm, 48.4 (45.2-54.3); + length of third finger, 100.8 (99.2-103.7); greatest length + of skull, 26.8 (25.9-27.6); zygomatic breadth (6 only), 10.9 + (10.7-11.1); least interorbital constriction, 4.6 (4.5-4.9); + mastoid breadth, 10.8 (10.5-11.2); length of maxillary + tooth-row, 8.7 (8.4-9.0). + + _Records of occurrence._--Specimens examined, 28: all from + 6.5 mi. N, 13 mi. W Jimenez, 1250 ft. + + +=Sturnira lilium parvidens= Goldman + +Yellow-shouldered Bat + + 1917. _Sturnira lilium parvidens_ Goldman, Proc. Biol. Soc. + Washington, 30:116, May 23, type from Papayo, about 25 mi. + NW Acapulco, Guerrero. + + _Distribution in Tamaulipas._--Known presently only from + Rancho Pano Ayuctle. + +The two specimens from Tamaulipas were reported by de la Torre +(1954:114) and in eastern Mexico are the northernmost yet reported of +the genus. + + +=Artibeus jamaicensis jamaicensis= Leach + +Jamaican Fruit-eating Bat + + 1821. _Artibeus Jamaicensis_ Leach, Trans. Linn. Soc. + London, 13:75, type from Jamaica. + + _Distribution in Tamaulipas._--Tropical region of southern + part of state. + +The specimens from northwest of El Encino were shot deep (250 yards) in +a cave; specimens of _Myotis nigricans_ were obtained in the same cave. +A female taken on May 24 carried a single embryo that was 43 mm. in +crown-rump length. Six March-taken females reported by de la Torre +(1954:114) had one embryo each that varied from 20 to 38 mm. in length. + +_Artibeus jamaicensis_ and _A. lituratus_ are the largest bats known +from Tamaulipas. In addition to the differences between the two species +pointed out by Lukens and Davis (1957:9), I note, in Tamaulipas at +least, that the postorbital constriction is narrower in relation to the +condylobasal length in _lituratus_, 24.6 (23.7-26.0) per cent as +compared to 27.9 (26.7-29.9) per cent in _jamaicensis_. + + _Records of occurrence._--Specimens examined, 19: 10 km. N, + 8 km. W El Encino, 400 ft., 10; Aserradero del Paraiso, 19 + km. N Chamal (by road), 8 (AMNH); Cueva El Pachon, 5 mi. N + Antiguo Morelos, 1 (AMNH). + + Additional records: Rancho Pano Ayuctle (de la Torre, + 1954:114); 4 mi. N Antiguo Morelos, near El Pachon + (_ibid._). + + +=Artibeus lituratus palmarum= J. A. Allen and Chapman + +Big Fruit-eating Bat + + 1897. _Artibeus palmarum_ J. A. Allen and Chapman, Bull. + Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 9:16, February 26, type from + Botanical Gardens at Port of Spain, Trinidad. + + 1949. _A[rtibeus]. l[ituratus]. palmarum_, Hershkovitz, + Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 99:447, May 10. + + _Distribution in Tamaulipas._--Tropical region in southern + part of state. + +Two specimens from the Rio Sabinas were taken in a mist net placed +across the small, crevicelike entrance to a cave. Ten pregnant females +taken in late May each contained a single embryo; average crown-rump +length of the 10 embryos was 43 (35-55) mm. + +Tamaulipan specimens of _lituratus_ do not differ appreciably in color +from topotypes except that the facial stripes are narrow and, in three +individuals, poorly marked. Lukens and Davis (1957:9) reported that +females from Guerrero were paler than the males, but the male examined +in this study does not differ in color from the females seen. + + _Records of occurrence._--Specimens examined, 15: Rancho + Pano Ayuctle, 6 mi. N Gomez Farias, 300 ft., 13; cave at + headwaters of Rio Sabinas, 10 km. N, 8 km. W El Encino, 400 + ft., 2. + + +=Artibeus toltecus= (Saussure) + +Toltec Fruit-eating Bat + + 1860. _Stenoderma toltecus_ Saussure, Revue et Mag. Zool., + Paris, ser. 2, 12:427, October, type from Mexico. Type + locality restricted to Mirador, Veracruz, by Hershkovitz, + Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 99:449, May 10, 1949. + + 1908. _Artibeus toltecus_, Andersen, Proc. Zool. Soc. + London, p. 296, April 7. + + _Distribution in Tamaulipas._--Probably lowlands of southern + part of state; known presently only from Rancho Pano + Ayuctle. + +_Artibeus toltecus_ is closely related to another species, _A. +aztecus_, that occurs also in Tamaulipas. Externally, _toltecus_ +differs from _aztecus_ in being smaller and darker; cranially, +_toltecus_ also is the smaller and the P2 and M2 are more angular +lingually than in _aztecus_, in which the teeth are rounded. One of the +most important differences between these two species is that they occur +at different altitudes. Davis (1958:165) reported that _toltecus_ +occurred at elevations below 5000 feet at more southerly localities in +Mexico, whereas _aztecus_ occurred above 5000 feet. In Tamaulipas the +two species probably have parallel distributions from south to north +but _A. toltecus_ is known from Rancho Pano Ayuctle at an elevation of +300 feet in rain forest, whereas _A. aztecus_ is known from Rancho del +Cielo at an elevation of 3300 feet in cloud forest. The two localities +are only four miles apart. + +One of the specimens examined (GMS 10640) is smaller, cranially and +externally (see beyond), than any recorded by Davis (1958:165). + + _Measurements._--Some external and cranial measurements of + two females and a male (GMS 10668, 10646 and 10640) are, + respectively, as follows: length of hind foot, 12.5, 12.0, + 11.0; length of ear from notch, 15, 17, 15; length of + forearm, 40.5, 40.0, 36.5; greatest length of skull, 20.9, + 20.7, 19.7; zygomatic breadth, 12.3, 12.3, 11.7; least + interorbital constriction, 5.2, 5.0, 5.0; length of + maxillary tooth-row, 6.8, 6.8, 6.5; breadth of braincase, + 9.3, 9.2, 9.1. + + _Records of occurrence._--Specimens examined, 3 from Rio + Sabinas, near Gomez Farias (Rancho Pano Ayuctle) (GMS). + + +=Artibeus aztecus= Andersen + +Aztec Fruit-eating Bat + + 1906. _Artibeus aztecus_ Andersen, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., + ser. 7, 18:422, December, type from Tetela del Volcan, + Morelos. + + _Distribution in Tamaulipas._--Probably higher areas of + southern part of state; known presently only from Rancho del + Cielo. + +I follow Davis (1958:165) in treating _A. aztecus_ and _A. toltecus_ as +distinct species. Differences between the two are discussed in the +preceding account of _toltecus_. + +One specimen examined (AMNH 146980) is distinctly larger than the +others here assigned to _A. aztecus_, but does not exceed the maximal +measurements given by Davis (_loc. cit._) for the species. This +specimen also has a narrower M2, and relatively and actually narrower +braincase than other specimens (see measurements). + +Specimens from Rancho del Cielo were collected in a limestone cave in +the cloud forest. A female taken on July 2 carried a small embryo and +another obtained on August 14 had an embryo that appeared to be nearly +ready for birth. + + _Measurements._--Respective external and cranial + measurements of three males (AMNH, uncatalogued) and a + female (AMNH 146980) are as follows: total length, 58, 65, + 66, 73; length of hind foot, 13, 12, 12, 13; length of + forearm, --, 43, 40, 41; greatest length of skull, 21.6, + 22.4, 21.5, 23.0; zygomatic breadth, 13.0, 12.8, 13.0, 12.4; + least interorbital constriction, 5.2, 5.7, 5.5, 6.0; length + of maxillary tooth-row, 7.0, 7.1, 6.9, 7.1; breadth of + braincase, 10.0, 9.8, 10.0, 9.5. + + _Records of occurrence._--Specimens examined, 7, all from + Rancho del Cielo, 3300 ft., (AMNH). + + +=Enchistenes hartii= (Thomas) + +Little Fruit-eating Bat + + 1892. _Artibeus hartii_ Thomas, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. + 6, 10:409, November, type from Trinidad, Lesser Antilles. + + 1908. _Enchistenes hartii_, Andersen, Proc. Zool. Soc. + London, 2:224, September 7. + + _Distribution in Tamaulipas._--Known only from Aserradero + del Infernillo. + +_Enchistenes hartii_ is known from Tamaulipas only by the cranium +reported by Goodwin (1954:5), and this is the northernmost known +occurrence. The bat has not been reported from any other Mexican state +bordering on the Gulf of Mexico. + + +=Centurio senex= Gray + +Wrinkle-faced Bat + + 1842. _Centurio senex_ Gray, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 10, + 10:259, December, type locality erroneously given as + Amboyna, East Indies; subsequently restricted to Realejo, + Chinandega, Nicaragua, by Goodwin (Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. + Hist., 87:327, December 31, 1946). + + _Distribution in Tamaulipas._--Tropical areas of southern + part of state. + +The single specimen examined, a female weighing 23 grams that carried +an embryo (17 mm. crown-rump length), was taken on June 14 in a mist +net stretched between oak trees in the Sierra de Tamaulipas. One other +female and one cranium have been reported from Tamaulipas. + +The specimen examined differs from two seen from southern Mexico (5 mi. +SW Teapa, Tabasco, and 2 mi. S Tollosa, Oaxaca) in being brownish +instead of grayish, but resembles in color two specimens from Cozumel +Island, Quintana Roo. + + _Measurements._--A female from the Sierra de Tamaulipas + affords the following measurements: Total length, 67; length + of hind foot, 13; length of ear from notch, 15; length of + forearm, 43.1; condylobasal length, 15.0; zygomatic breadth, + 5.1; palatal length, 4.1; least interorbital constriction, + 5.3; length of maxillary tooth-row, 5.1. + + _Records of occurrence._--Specimen examined, one from the + Sierra de Tamaulipas, 3 mi. S, 14 mi. W Piedra, 1300 ft. + + Additional records: Rancho Pano Ayuctle (de la Torre, + 1954:114); Aserradero del Infernillo (Goodwin, 1954:5). + + +=Desmodus rotundus murinus= Wagner + +Vampire + + 1840. _D[esmodus]. murinus_ Wagner, _in_ Schreber, Die + Saeugthiere ..., Suppl., 1:337, type from Mexico. + + 1912. _Desmodus rotundus murinus_, Osgood, Field Mus. Nat. + Hist., Publ. 155, Zool. Ser., 10:63, January. + + _Distribution in Tamaulipas._--Southern part of state, north + at least to vicinity of Jimenez. + +Hall and Kelson (1959:151) listed a place 12 kilometers west and 8 +kilometers north of Ciudad Victoria as the northernmost locality of +record for _Desmodus_, but three specimens from Cueva La Esperanza, 6 +kilometers southwest of Rancho Santa Rosa, are from a site slightly to +the northwestward (12 mi.) of the locality first mentioned and a +specimen from 13 miles west and six and a half miles north of Jimenez +represents the northeasternmost known occurrence of _Desmodus_ in +eastern Mexico. + +Most of the vampires examined in this study were taken in caves; those +from four miles southwest of Padilla were obtained from a hollow tree. +Nine specimens were collected in a small cave 70 kilometers south of +Ciudad Victoria on January 18, when water on the floor of the cave was +frozen; the bats were congregated on the ceiling at a height of 20 +feet. In a cave in the Sierra de Tamaulipas, 16 miles west and three +miles south of Piedra, females and young were found some 50 yards from +the entrance; _Natalus stramineus_ and _Glossophaga soricina_ were +obtained from the same cave. In another cave only half a kilometer +distant, 12 males were collected. In Cueva La Mula, _Desmodus_ was +found near the mouth, whereas _Choeronycteris mexicana_ and two +_Tadarida brasiliensis_ were collected in the deepest part. At Cueva La +Esperanza, 300 feet deep and on the east side of the Sierra Madre +Oriental, four different congregations of vampires were found along +with about 400 _Natalus_. A male _Desmodus_ obtained in a cave 13 miles +west and six and a half miles north of Jimenez also was associated with +_Natalus_. + +Females with embryos or in lactation were collected as follows: Rancho +Pano Ayuctle, March 10, one pregnant female (embryo 40 mm. in +crown-rump length); Rio Sabinas, May 23, two pregnant females (embryos +36 and 43 mm.); Sierra de Tamaulipas, June 13, five lactating females +and one female taken alive that gave birth on June 16 to one young; +Cueva La Mula, August, nine lactating females. A male from the Sierra +Madre that was obtained on January 5 had testes 8 mm. long. + + The average weight of 21 adults from four miles southwest of + Padilla was 39.1 (32.0-44.5) grams. + + _Records of occurrence._--Specimens examined, 107: 3 mi. W, + 6.5 mi. N Jimenez, 1250 ft., 1; Rio Soto la Marina, 4 mi. SW + Padilla, 800 ft., 23; Cueva La Esperanza, 6 km. SW Rancho + Santa Rosa, 360 m., 3; Cueva Los Troncones, 8 km. N, 12 km. + W Cd. Victoria, Sierra Madre Oriental, 2500 ft., 2; Cd. + Victoria, 1; Sierra Madre Oriental, 1900 ft., 5 mi. S, 3 mi. + W Cd. Victoria, 3; La Mula, 13 mi. N Jaumave, 19; Cueva La + Mula, 10 km. W Joya Verde, 2400 ft., 16; Joya Verde, 35 km. + SW [Cd.] Victoria, 3800 ft., 6; Sierra de Tamaulipas, 1400 + ft., 3 mi. S, 16 mi. W Piedra, 10; 70 km. S Cd. Victoria + (_via_ Highway), 6 km. W of Highway, 5; Rancho Pano Ayuctle, + 6 mi. N Gomez Farias, 300 ft., 7; cave near headwaters Rio + Sabinas, 10 km. N, 8 km. W El Encino, 400 ft., 11. + + Additional records (Malaga and Villa, 1957:539): Cueva La + Sepultura, 7.5 km. NNW and hence 7 km. SSW (_via_ highway) + Cd. Victoria; El Ojo de Agua, at km. 10 on Valles-Tampico + highway; Cueva del Abra, 2 km. SSW Cd. Mante. + + +=Diphylla ecaudata= Spix + +Hairy-legged Vampire + + 1823. _Diphylla ecaudata_ Spix, Simiarum et vespertilionum + Brasiliensium ..., p. 68, type locality, Brazil, restricted + to Rio San Francisco, Baia, by Cabrera (Rev. Mus. Argentino + Cien. Nat., 4:94, March 27, 1958). + + _Distribution in Tamaulipas._--Southern and central parts of + state. + +The hairy-legged vampire was first reported from Tamaulipas by de la +Torre (1954:114), who recorded a male from five miles northeast of +Antiguo Morelos, near El Pachon. Later in the same year Martin and +Martin (1954:585) listed another male from El Pachon. Subsequently, +Malaga and Villa (1957:543) reported specimens from two additional +localities in the state, one of which (Cueva de la Sepultura) provides +the northernmost place from which the species has been recorded. Malaga +and Villa remarked that the species was abundant at Cueva de la +Sepultura, being found in small groups clinging to the roof of the +cave. Two females taken there on November 11 carried one embryo each; a +lactating female was taken on November 14. The vampire, _Desmodus +rotundus_, also was taken at Cueva de la Sepultura. + +I follow Burt and Stirton (1961:37) in treating _Diphylla ecaudata_ as +a monotypic species. + + _Records_: Cueva de la Sepultura, 7.5 km. NNW and hence 7 + km. SSW (_via_ highway) Cd. Victoria (Malaga and Villa, + 1957:543); 5 mi. NE Antiguo Morelos, near El Pachon (de la + Torre, 1954:114); El Pachon (Martin and Martin, 1954:585); + Cueva de Quintero, 4 km. SSW Quintero (Malaga and Villa, + 1957:543). + + +=Natalus stramineus saturatus= Dalquest and Hall + +Mexican Funnel-eared Bat + + 1949. _Natalus mexicanas saturatus_ Dalquest and Hall, Proc. + Biol. Soc. Washington, 62:153, August 23, type from 3 km. E + San Andres Tuxtla, 1000 ft., Veracruz. + + 1959. _Natalus stramineus saturatus_, Goodwin, Amer. Mus. + Novit., 1977:7, December 22. + + _Distribution in Tamaulipas._--Central and southwestern + parts of state. + +All specimens examined were obtained from caves. At Cueva la Esperanza, +approximately 400 individuals were found along with individuals of +_Desmodus rotundus_; _Natalus_ and _Desmodus_ also were collected +together in a cave approximately 30 yards deep three miles south and 14 +miles west of Piedra, and in a cave six and a half miles north and 13 +miles west of Jimenez, the northernmost locality from which _N. +stramineus_ is presently known. + +Tamaulipan specimens do not differ significantly in external or cranial +measurements in comparison with the specimens from Veracruz reported by +Dalquest and Hall (1949:154), but do differ in color. Most are in the +gray phase and are Avellaneus (grayish with yellowish hairs mixed) +instead of Clay Color as are specimens from Veracruz; those few in the +red phase are between Clay Color and Tawny-Olive instead of between +Burnt Sienna and Chestnut. By consequence, bats from Tamaulipas +resemble in color the smaller _N. s. mexicanus_ of western Mexico to a +greater degree than they resemble _N. s. saturatus_, but I follow +Goodwin (1959:7). + +Dalquest and Hall (1949:154) reported the specimen from eight +kilometers northeast of Antiguo Morelos as from San Luis Potosi, from +which state the collector (Dalquest) evidently thought it had +originated. Actually the place eight kilometers northeast of Antiguo +Morelos is in Tamaulipas. + + _Records of occurrence._--Specimens examined, 64: 6.5 mi. N, + 13 mi. W Jimenez, 1250 ft., 14; Cueva de la Esperanza, 6 km. + SW Rancho Santa Rosa, 360 m., 20; Sierra de Tamaulipas, 3 + mi. S, 16 mi. W Piedra, 1400 ft., 7; 3 mi. S, 14 mi. W + Piedra, 2; Ejido Ojo de Agua, 20 mi. N, 3 km. W El Mante, + 300 ft., 20; 8 km. NE Antiguo Morelos, 500 ft., 1. + + Additional records (Goodwin, 1959:8): Antiguo Morelos; El + Pachon. + + +=Myotis velifer incautus= (J. A. Allen) + +Cave Myotis + + 1896. _Vespertilio incautus_ J. A. Allen, Bull. Amer. Mus. + Nat. Hist., 8:239, November 21, type from San Antonio, Bexar + Co., Texas. + + 1928. _Myotis velifer incautus_, Miller and Allen, Bull. U. + S. Nat. Mus., 144:92, May 25. + + _Distribution in Tamaulipas._--Probably most of northern + part of state; presently known only from three localities. + +The two specimens examined from the Sierra de Tamaulipas were taken in +a mist net in which _Eptesicus fuscus_, _Myotis keenii_, and _Tadarida +brasiliensis_ also were captured. Both are females, one of which was +lactating (June 20). Specimens from San Fernando probably were taken in +houses by natives, who brought the bats to the collectors (Clifton and +Bodley). The maxillary tooth-row and tibia are shorter, breadth across +M3 narrower, and ear slightly longer in Tamaulipan specimens than in +those for which measurements were given by Miller and Allen (1928:95), +but the Tamaulipan specimens do not differ otherwise. The color in +general is slightly more brownish than in Texan _incautus_, but about +as in Oklahoman specimens examined. Three from San Fernando, +Tamaulipas, are darker than others from that state. + +The average weight of 12 non-pregnant females from San Fernando was +11.0 (9.5-13) grams. The only male obtained at the same locality +weighed 12 grams. + + _Measurements._--Six females from San Fernando afford the + following measurements: 100.0 (95-107); 42.5 (38-46); 10.3 + (10-11); 15.3 (14.5-16); length of tibia, 17.4 (16.5-18.9); + length of forearm, 44.8 (43.4-45.7); greatest length of + skull, 16.5 (16.1-16.9); condylobasal length, 15.6 + (15.3-15.8); least interorbital constriction, 4.0 (3.9-4.1); + mastoid breadth, 8.3 (8.1-8.6); length of maxillary + tooth-row, 6.5 (6.3-6.7); breadth across M3, 6.5 (6.0-6.9). + + _Records of occurrence._--Specimens examined, 15: San + Fernando, 180 ft., 13; Sierra de Tamaulipas, 10 mi. W, 2 mi. + S Piedra, 1200 ft., 2. + + Additional record: Soto la Marina (Miller and Allen, + 1928:93). + + +=Myotis keenii auriculus= Baker and Stains + +Keen's Myotis + + 1955. _Myotis evotis auriculus_ Baker and Stains, Univ. + Kansas Publ., Mus. Nat. Hist., 9:83, December 10, type from + 10 m. W, 2 mi. S Piedra, 1200 ft., Sierra de Tamaulipas, + Tamaulipas. + + 1960. _Myotis keenii auriculus_, Findley, Jour. Mamm., + 41:18, February. + + _Distribution in Tamaulipas._--Known only from type locality + (2 specimens), but probably widely distributed in western + part of state. + +The two specimens known from Tamaulipas were caught in a mist net +stretched across a narrow, brush-bordered arroyo in the Sierra de +Tamaulipas. I tentatively follow Findley (1960) in arranging +_auriculus_ as a subspecies of _M. keenii_. + + _Records of occurrence._--Specimens examined, the holotype + and one topotype. + + +=Myotis californicus mexicanus= (Saussure) + +California Myotis + + 1890. _V[espertilio]. mexicanus_ Saussure, Revue et Mag. + Zool., Paris, ser. 2, 12:282, July, type from an unknown + locality, but Dalquest (Louisiana State Univ. Studies, Biol. + Ser., 1:49, December 28, 1953) restricted the type locality + to the "desert (warmer part) of the state of Mexico, + Mexico." + + 1897. _Myotis californicus mexicanus_, Miller, N. Amer. + Fauna, 13:73, October 16. + + _Distribution in Tamaulipas._--Western mountains of state in + pine-oak forest. + +Only ten specimens of this species, five from Nicolas, two from +Miquihuana and the other three, each from a different locality, have +been reported from Tamaulipas. The specimen examined from 14 miles +north and six miles west of Palmillas, a young female that still has +deciduous incisors, was obtained on July 24. Of the five specimens from +Nicolas, which represent the largest series of _M. californicus_ ever +reported from eastern Mexico, some were caught in mist nets and others +were shot over a water-hole. + + _Measurements._--Five skins and four skulls from Nicolas + afford the following measurements: 86.0 (80-94); 39.0 + (36-41); 7.4 (7-8.5); 13.7 (13.5-14.0); length of forearm, + 33.0 (31.8-34.2); weight, 3.6 (3-4) grams; greatest length + of skull, 13.9 (13.8-14.1); least interorbital constriction, + 3.2 (3.1-3.3); breadth of braincase, 6.5 (6.4-6.5); length + of maxillary tooth-row, 5.2 (5.1-5.3); breadth across M3, + 5.1 (5.0-5.3). + + _Records of occurrence._--Specimens examined, 6: Nicolas, 56 + km. NW Tula, 5500 ft., 5; 14 mi. N, 6 mi. W Palmillas, 5500 + ft., 1. + + Additional records: San Jose (Dice, 1937:249); Miquihuana + (Miller and Allen, 1928:160); La Joya de Salas (Goodwin, + 1954:5). + + +=Myotis nigricans dalquesti= Hall and Alvarez + +Black Myotis + + 1961. _Myotis nigricans dalquesti_ Hall and Alvarez, Univ. + Kansas Publ., Mus. Nat. Hist., 14:71, December 29, type from + 3 km. E of San Andres Tuxtla, 1000 ft., Veracruz. + + _Distribution in Tamaulipas._--Tropical part of state, + presently known only from two localities. + +For taxonomic remarks concerning this bat see Hall and Alvarez +(1961:72). + + _Records of occurrence._--Specimens examined, 5, from 8 km. + W, 10 km. N El Encino, 400 ft. + + Additional record: Cave in canyon of Rio Boquillas, 8 km. SW + Chamal (Goodwin, 1954:6). + + +=Pipistrellus subflavus subflavus= (F. Cuvier) + +Eastern Pipistrelle + + 1832. _V[espertilio]. subflavus_ F. Cuvier, Nouv. Ann. Mus. + Hist. Nat. Paris, 1:17, type locality restricted to 3 mi. SW + Riceboro, Liberty Co., Georgia, by W. H. Davis, Jour. Mamm., + 40:522, November 20, 1959. + + 1897. _Pipistrellus subflavus_, Miller, N. Amer. Fauna, + 13:90, October 16. + + _Distribution in Tamaulipas._--Presently known only from + three localities, but probably occurs in most of eastern + part of state. + +Specimens examined are intermediate in color and measurements between +_Pipistrellus subflavus subflavus_ and _P. s. veraecrucis_, but the +color resembles that of individuals of _subflavus_ from Kansas more +than that of specimens of _veraecrucis_ from Las Vigas, Veracruz. + +The two males from eight kilometers west and 10 kilometers north of El +Encino represent the southernmost record of the subspecies. + + _Measurements._--External measurements of two males (58849, + 58848) from 8 km. west and 10 km. north of El Encino and a + male (60296) from Rancho Pano Ayuctle are, respectively, as + follows: 78, 81, 83; 36, 38, 36; 10, 10, 9; 11, 11, 11; + length of forearm, 33.1, 32.0, --; length of tibia, 14.6, + 13.4, 13.0. Some cranial measurements of the two specimens + from northwest of El Encino are: greatest length of skull, + 12.8, 12.9; breadth of braincase, 6.5, 6.5; length of + maxillary tooth-row, 4.0, 4.1. + + _Records of occurrence._--Specimens examined, 3: 8 km. W, 10 + km. N El Encino, 400 ft., 2; Rancho Pano Ayuctle, 6 mi. N + Gomez Farias, 300 ft., 1. + + Additional record: Matamoros (H. Allen, 1894:128). + + +=Pipistrellus hesperus potosinus= Dalquest + +Western Pipistrelle + + 1951. _Pipistrellus hesperus potosinus_ Dalquest, Proc. + Biol. Soc. Washington, 64:105, August 24, type from Presa de + Guadalupe, San Luis Potosi. + + _Distribution in Tamaulipas._--Probably occurs throughout + southwest part, but presently known only from Joya Verde. + +The specimens reported herein were shot in July in a canyon that +contained some standing water. According to the field notes of the +collector (Schaldach), individuals of this bat in Tamaulipas flew +later, in his experience, than bats of the same species in Sonora, +Arizona and Coahuila, not emerging until it was almost fully dark. + +_Pipistrellus hesperus_ from Tamaulipas is identified as _P. h. +potosinus_ owing to the dark color, but the averages of some +measurements differ slightly from those given by Dalquest (1951:106) +for _potosinus_ as follows: tail and ear shorter; foot larger; +condylobasal length and cranial breadth less. + + _Measurements._--Average and extreme external and cranial + measurements of five males from Joya Verde are: 73.2 + (70-75); 27 (26-28); 7 (7); 12.4 (12-13); length of forearm, + 31.0 (29.5-31.5); greatest length of skull, 12.4 + (12.2-12.8); condylobasal length, 11.8 (11.4-12.3); breadth + of braincase, 6.3 (6.0-6.5). Corresponding measurements of + three females (60204, 60209, 60210) from the same locality + are: 72, 78, 76; 27, 33, 35; 7, 7, 7; 12, 12, 12; 31, 31, + 32; 12.3, 12.9, 13.5; 11.7, 12.2, --; 6.0, 6.6, 6.1. + + _Records of occurrence._--Specimens examined, 8, from Joya + Verde, 35 km. SW Cd. Victoria, 3800 ft. + + +=Eptesicus fuscus miradorensis= (H. Allen) + +Big Brown Bat + + 1866. _S[cotophilus]. miradorensis_ H. Allen, Proc. Acad. + Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 18:287, type from Mirador, Veracruz. + + 1812. _Eptesicus fuscus miradorensis_, Miller, Bull. U. S. + Nat. Mus., 79:62, December 31. + + _Distribution in Tamaulipas._--Southern part of state, north + at least to Miquihuana. + +Specimens from Miquihuana, Palmillas, and Nicolas were shot in flight +at dusk; those from the Sierra de Tamaulipas were collected in a mist +net. Five females, all taken in June, were lactating. + +Judging from Hall and Kelson's (1959:185) distribution map for the +species, two subspecies, _E. f. fuscus_ and _E. f. miradorensis_, +possibly occur in Tamaulipas, the former in the north and the latter in +the south. Comparison of specimens presently available from the state +(all from the southern part) with typical individuals of the two +subspecies mentioned reveal that they resemble _miradorensis_ to a +greater degree than _fuscus_ and they accordingly are assigned to the +former. In measurements, the Tamaulipan specimens agree closely with +_miradorensis_; in color, some resemble _miradorensis_ but others +approach _fuscus_, possibly indicating intergradation between the two +subspecies in the material at hand. Probably _E. f. fuscus_ will be +found in the northern part of the state. + + _Measurements._--Average and extreme measurements of nine + females from the Sierra de Tamaulipas and three males, two + from Miquihuana (55137, 55138) and one from Palmillas + (55139), are respectively: 121.3 (111-127), 115, 107, 115; + 51.9 (50-56), 50, 45, 52; 10.9 (9.5-11.0), 10, 10, 11; 17.8 + (17-18), 18, 18, 18; length of forearm, 49.6 (48-52.6), + 48.9, 49.1, 49.1; length of tibia, 18.8 (18.2-19.3), 20.5, + 17.3, 18.0; condylobasal length, 18.9 (18.5-19.3), 19.3, --, + 18.8; zygomatic breadth, 13.1 (12.7-13.5), --, 13.0, 13.3; + interorbital constriction, 4.2 (3.7-4.4), 4.0, 4.3, 4.1; + length of maxillary tooth-row, 7.3 (7.1-7.5), --, 7.2, 7.2. + Five lactating females weighed 20 (17-23) grams, and three + males 17.5 (17-8) grams. + + _Records of occurrence._--Specimens examined, 17: + Miquihuana, 6200 ft., 2; 14 mi. N, 6 mi. W Palmillas, 5500 + ft., 1; Nicolas, 56 km. NW Tula, 5500 ft., 1; Sierra de + Tamaulipas, 2 mi. S, 10 mi. W Piedra, 1200 ft., 12; Joya + Verde, 35 km. SW [Cd.] Victoria, 3800 ft., 1. + + Additional record: Aserradero del Paraiso (Goodwin, + 1954:186). + + +=Lasiurus borealis= + +Red Bat + +Two subspecies of _Lasiurus borealis_ have been reported from +Tamaulipas. One, _L. b. borealis_, is known only from Matamoros, +whereas the other, _L. b. teliotis_, is widely distributed in the +central and southern parts. + +A young animal from Ciudad Victoria was captured inside a house. All +specimens taken in the Sierra de Tamaulipas were caught in mist nets, +in which _Centurio senex_, _Pteronotus parnelli_, and _Mormoops +megalophyla_ also were taken. + + +=Lasiurus borealis borealis= (Mueller) + + 1776. _Vespertilio borealis_ Mueller, Des Ritters Carl von + Linne ... vollstaendiges Natursystem ..., Suppl., p. 20, type + from New York. + + 1897. _Lasiurus borealis_, Miller, N. Amer. Fauna, 13:105, + October 16. + + _Distribution in Tamaulipas._--Known only by two specimens + from Matamoros (Miller, 1897:108). + + +=Lasiurus borealis teliotis= (H. Allen) + + 1891. _Atalapha teliotis_ H. Allen, Proc. Amer. Philos. + Soc., 29:5, April 10, type from an unknown locality, + probably some part of California. + + 1897. _Lasiurus borealis teliotis_, Miller, N. Amer. Fauna, + 13:110, October 16. + + _Distribution in Tamaulipas._--Generally distributed in + higher parts of state. + +Eight June-taken females, all lactating, from the Sierra de Tamaulipas +averaged 10.0 (8-12) grams; five males from there weighed 9.2 (8-10) +grams. According to Hall and Kelson (1959:188), males of this species +usually are more brightly colored than females but this phenomenon is +not evident in the Tamaulipan specimens. Males do, however, average +slightly smaller than females. + +The name _Lasiurus borealis teliotis_ is employed following Handley +(1960:472); formerly _L. b. ornatus_ Hall was applied (Hall and Kelson, +1959:190) to bats here referred to as _teliotis_. + + _Records of occurrence._--Specimens examined, 7: Cd. + Victoria, 1800 ft., 1; Sierra de Tamaulipas, 2 mi. S, 10 mi. + W Piedra, 1200 ft., 1; Sierra de Tamaulipas, 3 mi. S, 14 mi. + W Piedra, 1200 ft., 1; Sierra de Tamaulipas, 3 mi. S, 16 mi. + W Piedra, 1400 ft., 4. + + +=Lasiurus cinereus cinereus= (Palisot de Beauvois) + +Hoary Bat + + 1776. _Vespertilio cinereus_ (misspelled _linereus_) Palisot + de Beauvois, Catalogue raisonne du museum de Mr. C. W. + Peale, Philadelphia, p. 18, type from Philadelphia, + Pennsylvania. + + 1864. _Lasiurus cinereus_ H. Allen, Smiths. Misc. Coll., 7 + (publ. 165): 21, June. + + _Distribution in Tamaulipas._--Probably state-wide but so + far reported only from Matamoros (Miller, 1897:114), and + Aserradero del Infernillo (Goodwin, 1954:6--cranium only). + + +=Lasiurus intermedius intermedius= H. Allen + +Northern Yellow Bat + + 1862. _Lasiurus intermedius_ H. Allen, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. + Philadelphia, 14:246, "April" (between May 27 and August 1), + type from Matamoros, Tamaulipas. + + _Distribution in Tamaulipas._--Eastern half of state, known + only from three localities. + +The three specimens examined were taken in mist nets along with +_Lasiurus ega_, _Pteronotus rubiginosus_ and _Mormoops megalophylla_. + +The generic name _Lasiurus_ is used instead of _Dasypterus_ following +Hall and Jones (1961). + + _Records of occurrence._--Specimens examined, 3: Sierra de + Tamaulipas, 2 mi. S, 10 mi. W Piedra, 1200 ft., 1; Sierra de + Tamaulipas, 3 mi. S, 16 mi. W Piedra, 1400 ft., 2. + + Additional record: Matamoros (H. Allen, 1862:246). + + +=Lasiurus ega xanthinus= (Thomas) + +Southern Yellow Bat + + 1897. _Dasypterus ega xanthinus_ Thomas, Ann. Mag. Nat. + Hist., ser. 6, 20:544, December, type from Sierra Laguna, + Baja California. + + 1953. _Lasiurus ega xanthinus_, Dalquest, Louisiana State + Univ. Studies, Biol. Ser., 1:61, December 28. + + _Distribution in Tamaulipas._--Probably occurs in southern + and western parts of state; certainly known only from the + Sierra de Tamaulipas. + +Three June-taken females, all captured in mist nets, were lactating. + +Hall and Jones (1961:91) assigned all Mexican specimens of the southern +yellow bat to _Lasiurus ega xanthinus_, but remarked that specimens +from western Mexico were paler than those from the east. Of the six +specimens examined from Tamaulipas, four are dark, resembling in color +specimens from Veracruz, Yucatan and Costa Rica, and the other two are +somewhat paler, approaching specimens from Baja California, Zacatecas +and Coahuila. In measurements, Tamaulipan specimens of _Lasiurus ega_ +generally resemble specimens from the west, but differ from any other +_L. ega_ seen in having a longer tail, longer ear, and shorter +maxillary tooth-row. + + _Records of occurrence._--Specimens examined, 6: Sierra de + Tamaulipas, 10 mi. W, 2 mi. S Piedra, 1200 ft., 4; 10 mi. W, + 3 mi. S. Piedra, 1200 ft., 1; 16 mi. W, 3 mi. S. Piedra, + 1400 ft., 1. + + +=Nycticeius humeralis= + +Evening Bat + +_Nycticeius humeralis_ has the same distributional pattern in +Tamaulipas as has _Lasiurus borealis_ in that both are represented +there by two subspecies, one known only from Matamoros and the other +occurring in the rest of the state. Bats of this species (_N. h. +mexicanus_) from Ciudad Victoria and some from the Sierra de Tamaulipas +were shot in flight in evening; others from the last-mentioned locality +were taken in mist nets. Lactating females (22 specimens) were +collected in June and July. + + +=Nycticeius humeralis humeralis= (Rafinesque) + + 1818. _Vespertilio humeralis_ Rafinesque, Amer. Monthly + Mag., 3(6):445, October, type from Kentucky. + + 1819. _N[ycticeius]. humeralis_ Rafinesque, Jour. Phys. + Chim. Hist. Nat. et Arts, Paris, 88:417, June. + + _Distribution in Tamaulipas._--Matamoros (Miller, 1897:120), + one specimen. + + +=Nycticeius humeralis mexicanus= Davis + + 1944. _Nycticeius humeralis mexicanus_ Davis, Jour. Mamm., + 25:380, December 12, type from Rio Ramos, 1000 ft., 20 km. + NW Montemorelos, Nuevo Leon. + + _Distribution in Tamaulipas._--Known certainly only from + central part, but probably occurs at suitable places in all + but extreme northern Tamaulipas. + +Twenty-seven of 37 adults of _N. humeralis_ examined from Tamaulipas +are pale as is _N. h. mexicanus_, but 10 are darker and approach _N. h. +humeralis_ in this respect. Twenty-two females averaged 10.3 (9-13) +grams and eight males averaged 9.5 (8-11) grams in weight. + + _Records of occurrence._--Specimens examined, 45: Cd. + Victoria, 10; Sierra de Tamaulipas, 2-3 mi. S, 10 mi. W + Piedra, 1200 ft., 31; 3 mi. S, 16 mi. W Piedra, 1400 ft., 4. + + +=Rhogeessa tumida tumida= H. Allen + +Little Yellow Bat + + 1866. _R[hogeessa]. tumida_ H. Allen, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. + Philadelphia, 18:286, type from Mirador, Veracruz. + + _Distribution in Tamaulipas._--Southeastern part of state. + +Specimens obtained from the vicinity of La Pesca were shot as were some +from the Sierra de Tamaulipas. Others from the Sierra de Tamaulipas +were taken in mist nets that were stretched across a small pool in an +arroyo; _Eptesicus fuscus_, _Myotis velifer_, _M. keenii_ and +_Nycticeus humeralis_ were captured in the same nets. + +Females evidently bear young in Tamaulipas in April and May. Fourteen +of 15 females collected at La Pesca in May were lactating, as were five +of 31 taken in the Sierra de Tamaulipas in June. The weight of 46 +females averaged 5.5 (4-7) grams, and that of nine males, 4.5 (4-5) +grams. + +Comparison of specimens from Tamaulipas with individuals from Veracruz +reveals little difference in general color between the two samples. +Most Tamaulipan specimens examined are dull yellowish brown, but some +are darker. Goodwin (1954:6) reported a specimen from Santa Maria as +being dark brown. Measurements of 10 females (see below) from the +Sierra de Tamaulipas average a little larger than those reported by +Miller (1897:123-124), Hall (1952:232), and Goodwin (1958:10-12). I +follow the last author in using the specific name _R. tumida_ for this +bat. + + _Measurements._--Average and extreme measurements of 10 + females from the Sierra de Tamaulipas are as follows: 80.1 + (78-83); 35.5 (33-37); 7.9 (7.5-8.0); 13.1 (13-14); length + of forearm, 31.9 (30.6-33.0); greatest length of skull, 13.4 + (13.1-13.8); zygomatic breadth, 8.6 (8.2-8.8); mastoid + breadth, 5.6 (5.3-5.8); breadth across M3, 5.7 (5.5-6.0); + length of maxillary tooth-row, 4.8 (4.7-4.9). + + _Records of occurrence._--Specimens examined, 59: 4 mi. N La + Pesca, 1; 3 mi. N La Pesca, 3; 2 mi. N La Pesca, 11; 1 mi. N + La Pesca, 4; La Pesca, 1; Sierra de Tamaulipas, 2 mi. S, 10 + mi. W Piedra, 1200 ft., 39. + + Additional record: Santa Maria (Goodwin, 1958:3). + + +=Plecotus phyllotis= (G. M. Allen) + +Allen's Big-eared Bat + + 1916. _Corynorhynus phyllotis_ G. M. Allen, Bull. Mus. Comp. + Zool., 60:352, April, type from San Luis Potosi, probably + near city of same name. + + 1959. _Plecotus phyllotis_, Handley, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., + 110:130, Sept. 3. + + 1923. _Idionycteris mexicanus_ Anthony, Amer. Mus. Novit., + 54:1, January 17, type from Miquihuana, Tamaulipas. + + _Distribution in Tamaulipas._--Known only from Miquihuana. + +The only specimen of this bat known from Tamaulipas was reported by +Anthony (1923:1), and formed the basis of his description of +_Idionycteris mexicanus_, a synonym of _Plecotus phyllotis_ according +to Handley (1956:53 and 1959:130). + + +=Antrozous pallidus pallidus= (Le Conte) + +Pallid Bat + + 1856. _V[espertilio]. pallidus_ Le Conte, Proc. Acad. Nat + Sci. Philadelphia, 7:437, type from El Paso, El Paso Co., + Texas. + + 1864. _Antrozous pallidus_, H. Allen, Smiths. Misc. Coll., 7 + (Publ. 165): 68, June. + + _Distribution in Tamaulipas._--Known only from a single + ramus from Aserradero del Infernillo (Goodwin, 1954:6). + + +=Tadarida brasiliensis mexicana= (Saussure) + +Brazilian Free-tailed Bat + + 1860. _Molossus mexicanus_ Saussure, Revue et Mag. Zool., + Paris, ser. 2, 12:283, July, type from Cofre de Perote, + 13,000 ft., Veracruz. + + 1955. _Tadarida brasiliensis mexicana_, Schwartz, Jour. + Mamm., 36:108, February 28. + + _Distribution in Tamaulipas._--Probably state-wide, but + presently known from only five localities. + +A female taken on June 21 in a mist net on the Sierra de Tamaulipas +carried an embryo that was 29 mm. in crown-rump length. Two specimens +were shot in flight in the deepest part of Cueva La Mula. + + _Records of occurrence._--Specimens examined, 4: 8 km. S Cd. + Victoria, 1; Sierra de Tamaulipas, 10 mi. W, 2 mi. S Piedra, + 1200 ft., 1; Cueva La Mula, 10 km. W Joya Verde, 2400 ft., + 2. + + Additional records: Rio Bravo (town) (Villa, 1956:8); Rancho + "La Isla," 3 km. N El Limon (Malaga and Villa, 1957:560); + Cueva del Abra (_ibid._); no specific locality (Shamel, + 1931:6). + + +=Tadarida aurispinosa= (Peale) + +Peale's Free-tailed Bat + + 1848. _Dysopes aurispinosus_ Peale, U. S. Expl. Exp., 8:21, + type taken on board the U. S. S. Peacock at sea, + approximately 100 mi. S Cape San Roque, Brazil. + + 1931. _Tadarida aurispinosa_, Shamel, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., + 78:11, May 6. + + _Distribution in Tamaulipas._--Known only from Cueva del + Abra, six miles north-northeast of Antiguo Morelos. + +Carter and Davis (1961) recorded for the first time this species from +North America, on the basis of five specimens collected at Cueva del +Abra. From the same locality P. L. Clifton collected several owl +pellets which provide, besides many skulls of _Tadarida laticaudata_, +four crania of _T. aurispinosa_. Available measurements of three, of +the four _T. aurispinosa_, resemble those given by Carter and Davis +(_op. cit._) for their specimens. Measurements of the fourth cranium +are smaller (greatest length of skull, 19.4; zygomatic breadth, 11.1; +interorbital constriction, 3.7; cranial breadth, 9.1; mastoid breadth, +10.7; basal length, 16.3; length of maxillary tooth-row, 7.4; breadth +across M3, 7.9), but not outside the expected range of individual +variation if we can judge by the range recorded by Jones and Alvarez +(1962) for the related _Tadarida laticaudata_. + + _Records of occurrence._--Specimens examined, 4, from [Cueva + del Abra], 6 mi. (by road) NNE Antiguo Morelos. + + +=Tadarida laticaudata ferruginea= Goodwin + +Geoffroy's Free-tailed Bat + + 1954. _Tadarida laticaudata ferruginea_ Goodwin, Amer. Mus. + Novit., 1670:2, June 28, type from 8 mi. N Antiguo Morelos, + Tamaulipas. + + _Distribution in Tamaulipas._--Known only from southeastern + part of state. + +Specimens from three miles south and 16 miles west of Piedra were found +in a crevice inside a cave. Two days previously _Desmodus rotundus_ and +_Natalus stramineus_ were obtained from the same cave. All other +specimens from the Sierra de Tamaulipas were caught in mist nets. +_Nycticeus humeralis_, _Myotis velifer_, _Eptesicus fuscus_, _Lasiurus +borealis_ and _L. intermedius_ were taken in nets that also captured +_T. laticaudata_. + +All specimens taken (June 19-23) in the Sierra de Tamaulipas were +females, except one. Of 33 females taken, 27 carried a single embryo +each, the embryos averaging 27.0 (25-28) mm. in crown-rump length; the +other five were lactating. Weight of the pregnant females averaged 16.0 +(13-18) grams and that of the five lactating individuals averaged 13.0 +(12-14) grams. A male weighed 22 grams. + +For the taxonomic status of this species in North America see Jones and +Alvarez (1962). + + _Records of occurrence._--Specimens examined, 65: Sierra de + Tamaulipas, 2 mi. S, 10 mi. W Piedra, 1200 ft., 27; Sierra + de Tamaulipas, 3 mi. S, 16 mi. W Piedra, 1400 ft., 7; 5 mi. + S El Mante, 8 (AMNH); 11 mi. S El Mante, 13 (AMNH); 10 km. + NNE Antiguo Morelos, 1; 8 mi. N Antiguo Morelos, 7 (5 AMNH, + 2 KU); 20 mi. SW El Mante, 2 (AMNH). + + +=Molossus ater nigricans= Miller + +Red Mastiff Bat + + 1902. _Molossus nigricans_ Miller, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. + Philadelphia, 54:395, September 12, type from Acaponeta, + Nayarit. + + _Distribution in Tamaulipas._--Southern part of state, north + at least to Guemes. + +At Rancho Pano Ayuctle, according to the field notes of the collector +(Schaldach), the red mastiff bat was common, and found daytime retreats +in hollows in cypress trees. Schaldach twice found groups of bats in +such hollows. _M. a. nigricans_ is an early forager and most +individuals seen were in flight before sunset, usually flying in a more +or less straight line at heights of 25 to 60 feet above the ground. The +odor of the chest gland was described by Schaldach as "strong" and +"geranium-like." A female obtained three miles northeast of Guemes on +August 19 carried a single embryo that was 33 mm. in crown-rump length. + +Specimens examined average slightly smaller than the type specimen, +especially in total length, length of hind foot, length of skull and +length of maxillary tooth-row. Davis (1951:219) also noted some of +these same differences in a specimen examined by him from two miles +south of Ciudad Victoria. The variation in color is great among +Tamaulipan specimens. Of the 15 examined, two are Dark Mummy Brown, six +are Mummy Brown, six are Sudan Brown, and one is paler than Sudan +Brown. + +I follow Goodwin (1960:6) in using the specific name _ater_. + + _Records of occurrence._--Specimens examined, 15: 3 mi. NE + Guemes, 2; Rancho Santa Rosa, 25 km. N, 13 km. W Cd. + Victoria, 260 m., 2; Rancho Pano Ayuctle, 6 mi. N Gomez + Farias, 300 ft., 1; Rancho Pano Ayuctle, 25 mi. N El Mante + and 3 km. W Pan-American Hwy., 2200 ft., 8; 8 km. W, 10 km. + N El Encino, 400 ft., 2. + + Additional records (Davis, 1951:219): 2 mi. S Cd. Victoria; + Altamira. + + +=Ateles geoffroyi velerosus= Gray + +Spider Monkeys + + 1866. _Ateles vellerosus_ Gray, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, p. + 773 (for 1865), April, type locality "Brasil?"; restricted + to Mirador, 2000 ft., about 15 mi. NE Huatusco, Veracruz, by + Kellogg and Goldman, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 96:33, November + 2, 1944. + + 1944. _Ateles geoffroyi vellerosus_, Kellogg and Goldman, + Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 96:32, November 2. + + _Distribution in Tamaulipas._--Probably extreme southern + part. + +No specimens of this monkey have been taken in Tamaulipas although +Kellogg and Goldman (1944:34) pointed out that it probably occurred in +the tropical forest of the southern part of the state. Later, Villa +(1958:347) reported that A. Malaga Alba saw monkeys in 1954 at +Barranca de Caballeros, approximately 25 kilometers north-northwest of +Ciudad Victoria. No other report of their occurrence in the state has +been forthcoming. + + +=Dasypus novemcinctus mexicanus= Peters + +Nine-banded Armadillo + + 1864. _Dasypus novemcinctus_ var. _mexicanus_ Peters, + Montsb. preuss Akad. Wiss., Berlin, p. 180, type from + Matamoros, Tamaulipas (see Hollister, Jour. Mamm., 6:60, + February 9, 1925). + + 1920. _D[asypus]. novemcinctus mexicanus_, Goldman, Smiths. + Misc. Coll., 69 (5):66, April 24. + + _Distribution in Tamaulipas._--Probably state-wide except on + Mexican Plateau; presently known only from five localities. + +A 13-pound female from four kilometers west-southwest of La Purisima +was captured after it was forced by the collector (Dalquest) and his +dog out of the burrow that was under a log. A young specimen examined +from seven kilometers southwest of La Purisima was captured by a dog. A +partial skeleton including the skull was picked up on the barrier beach +at a place 33 miles south of Washington Beach. + + _Records of occurrence._--Specimens examined, 3 (see text + immediately above). + + Additional records: Matamoros (Hollister, 1925:60); Rancho + del Cielo (Hooper, 1953:11). + + +=Sylvilagus brasiliensis truei= (J. A. Allen) + +Forest Rabbit + + 1890. _Lepus truei_ J. A. Allen, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. + Hist., 3:192, December 10, type from Mirador, Veracruz. + + 1950. _Sylvilagus brasiliensis truei_, Hershkovitz, Proc. U. + S. Nat. Mus., 100:351, May 26. + + _Distribution in Tamaulipas._--Southern part of state; known + only from Rancho del Cielo (Goodwin, 1954:7). + + +=Sylvilagus audubonii parvulus= (J. A. Allen) + +Desert Cottontail + + 1904. _Lepus (Sylvilagus) parvulus_ J. A. Allen, Bull. Amer. + Mus. Nat. Hist., 20:34, February 29, type from Apam, + Hidalgo. + + 1909. _Sylvilagus audubonii parvulus_, Nelson, N. Amer. + Fauna, 29:236, August 31. + + _Distribution in Tamaulipas._--Western part of state. + +The specimen examined, a male that weighed 646 grams, was shot at +night. + +This species occurs only in western Tamaulipas. Hall and Kelson +(1959:267, map 187) mistakenly plotted El Mulato, as being in the +eastern part of the state; actually this locality is in the San Carlos +Mountains of the west, near the boundary between Tamaulipas and Nuevo +Leon. + + _Records of occurrence._--One specimen examined from 4 mi. + SW Nuevo Laredo, 900 ft. + + Additional records (Nelson, 1909:237, unless otherwise + noted): Nuevo Laredo; Guerrero; Mier; Camargo; El Mulato + (Dice, 1937:256); Miquihuana. + + +=Sylvilagus floridanus= + +Eastern Cottontail + +This species occurs throughout Tamaulipas. A female from Soto la +Marina, obtained on May 17, was lactating; another from 12 miles +northwest of San Carlos, on August 23, carried two embryos that were 15 +mm. in crown-rump length. + + +=Sylvilagus floridanus chapmani= (J. A. Allen) + + 1899. _Lepus floridanus chapmani_ J. A. Allen, Bull. Amer. + Mus. Nat. Hist., 12:12, March 4, type from Corpus Christi, + Nueces Co., Texas. + + 1904. _Sylvilagus (Sylvilagus) floridanus chapmani_, Lyon, + Smith. Misc. Coll., 45:336, June 15. + + _Distribution in Tamaulipas._--Northern two-thirds of state. + +A male and pregnant female from 12 miles northwest of San Carlos +weighed, respectively, 650 and 690 grams. + + _Records of occurrence._--Specimens examined, 17: San + Fernando, 180 ft., 3; 12 mi. NW San Carlos, 1300 ft., 3; La + Pesca, 3; Soto la Marina, 500 ft., 6; Ejido Eslabones, 2 mi. + S, 10 mi. W Piedra, 1200 ft., 2. + + Additional record: Jaumave (Nelson, 1909:178). + + +=Sylvilagus floridanus connectens= (Nelson) + + 1904. _Lepus floridanus connectens_ Nelson, Proc. Biol. Soc. + Washington, 17:105, May 18, type from Chichicaxtle, + Veracruz. + + 1909. _Sylvilagus floridanus connectens_, Lyon and Osgood, + Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 62:32, January 28. + + _Distribution in Tamaulipas._--Southern part of state. + +This subspecies has been reported previously from Tamaulipas only from +Altamira. Specimens from 10 kilometers north and eight kilometers west +of El Encino and 70 kilometers south of Ciudad Victoria, judging by +their large size, dark color, and ochraceous brown (rather than pale +ochraceous as in _S. f. chapmani_) upper sides of the hind feet are +assignable to _connectens_. + +Goodwin (1954:7) reported specimens from Chamal, Joya de Salas, Gomez +Farias, and Pano Ayuctle as _S. f. chapmani_, remarking that they were +intergrades between _chapmani_ and _connectens_. Specimens reported by +Goodwin are here assigned to _S. f. connectens_ because the +measurements of the specimen from eight kilometers west of El Encino +are typical of that subspecies. + + _Records of occurrence._--Specimens examined, 4: 10 km. N, 8 + km. W El Encino, 400 ft., 1; 2 km. W El Carrizo, 2; 9 mi. SW + Tula, 5200 ft., 1. + + Additional records (Goodwin, 1954:7, unless otherwise + noted): Chamal; La Joya de Salas; Gomez Farias; Rancho Pano + Ayuctle; Altamira (Nelson, 1909:186). + + +=Lepus californicus= + +Black-tailed Jack Rabbit + +The black-tailed jack rabbit is the only species of _Lepus_ known from +Tamaulipas and is represented there by three subspecies, _L. c. +merriami_ of the northern part of the state, _L. c. altamirae_ of the +southeastern coastal plains, and _L. c. curti_ of the barrier beach +south of Matamoros. The known ranges of the three subspecies are not +presently known to meet in Tamaulipas. + + +=Lepus californicus altamirae= Nelson + + 1904. _Lepus merriami altamirae_ Nelson, Proc. Biol. Soc. + Washington, 17:109, May 18, type from Altamira, Tamaulipas. + + 1951. _Lepus californicus altamirae_, Hall, Univ. Kansas + Publ., Mus. Nat. Hist., 5:45, October 1. + + _Distribution in Tamaulipas._--Southern coastal plain north + certainly to vicinity of Soto la Marina. + +The two specimens examined in this study (see below) are intermediate +between _L. c. altamirae_ and _L. c. curti_, but show greater +resemblance to the former. In measurements they resemble _altamirae_ +rather than the smaller _curti_. They approach the latter in length of +hind foot and are intermediate between the two subspecies in basilar +length; in one specimen, the dimensions of the rostrum are as in +_curti_ and the other has the black patch on the posterior surface of +the ear well developed, as in _altamirae_, but in the other the black +is reduced. _L. c. altamirae_ has been known previously only from +Altamira. + + _Measurements._--Two male adults (55415, 55416) from north + of Soto la Marina, afford the following external + measurements: 610, 590; 100, 100; 124, 125; 124, 122 (length + of ear from notch, dry, 114, 110). Cranial measurements are: + basilar length, 75.1, 74.4; length of nasals, 46.1, 41.9; + width of rostrum at PM, 25.1, 28.7; height of rostrum in + front of PM, 25.2, 21.5; diameter of auditory bulla, 14.1, + 13.0. + + _Records of occurrence._--Specimens examined, 2: 3 mi. N + Soto la Marina, 1; 2 mi. NW Soto la Marina, 1. + + Additional record: Altamira (Nelson, 1904:109). + + +=Lepus californicus curti= Hall + + 1951. _Lepus californicus curti_ Hall, Univ. Kansas Publ., + Mus. Nat. Hist., 5:42, October 1, type from barrier beach 88 + mi. S, 10 mi. W Matamoros, Tamaulipas. + + _Distribution in Tamaulipas._--Known only by the three + specimens mentioned in the original description from two + barrier islands in northeastern part of state. + + _Records of occurrence._--Specimens examined, 3: 88 mi. S, + 10 mi. W Matamoros, 2; 90 mi. S, 10 mi. W Matamoros, 1. + + +=Lepus californicus merriami= Mearns + + 1896. _Lepus merriami_ Mearns, Preliminary diagnoses of new + mammals from the Mexican border of the United States, p. 2, + March 25, type from Fort Clark, Kinney Co., Texas. + + 1909. _Lepus californicus merriami_, Nelson, N. Amer. Fauna, + 29:148, August 31. + + _Distribution in Tamaulipas._--Northern and western parts of + state. + +The two specimens examined, an adult female and a young male, from the +barrier beach 33 miles south of Washington Beach are intergrades +between _L. c. merriami_, reported from the mainland from as near as +Matamoros, and _L. c. curti_, which occurs farther to the south on the +same series of barrier beaches. Of seven characters that seem to +differentiate the two subspecies, the adult female from 33 miles south +of Washington beach resembles _merriami_ in four as follows: tips of +ears black (white in _curti_); nasals long; hind foot long; and +supraoccipital process broad. The specimen resembles _curti_ in +shortness of tail and in having small auditory bullae. Breadth of +rostrum above premolars, the seventh character, is less than in typical +specimens of either of the two subspecies. More material is needed from +the barrier beach in order to establish with certainty the +relationships between jack rabbits occurring there. + + _Records of occurrence._--Specimens examined, 4: 33 mi. S + Washington Beach, 2; 12 mi. NW San Carlos, 1300 ft., 2. + + Additional records: Nuevo Laredo (Nelson, 1909:150); Mier + (_ibid._); Camargo (_ibid._); Matamoros (Hall, 1951:185); + Tamaulipeca, San Carlos Mts. (_ibid._). + + +=Spermophilus mexicanus parvidens= Mearns + +Mexican Ground Squirrel + + 1896. _Spermophilus mexicanus parvidens_ Mearns, Preliminary + diagnoses of new mammals from the Mexican border of the + United States, p. 1, March 25, type from Fort Clark, Kinney + Co., Texas. + + _Distribution in Tamaulipas._--Northern part of state, south + at least to Xicotencatl. + +Most of the specimens examined from Tamaulipas are in the brown phase +(Howell, 1938:121) and differ from _S. m. parvidens_ from Texas, +Coahuila, and Nuevo Leon in being darker dorsally. Nevertheless, some +individuals are as pale as those examined from the mentioned states. +Measurements of Tamaulipan specimens average smaller than those given +by Howell (1938:121) and Baker (1956:205) for _parvidens_. + +Specimens from San Fernando differ slightly from those from Soto la +Marina in having a relatively long tail (average 69.2 instead of 62.1 +per cent of length of head and body) and in having the upper parts of +the hind feet ochraceous instead of nearly white. + +Two May-taken females from Soto la Marina carried 5 and 7 embryos that +were 10 mm. in crown-rump length; another taken there was lactating. +Weight of six non-pregnant females from San Fernando averaged 160.6 +(129-197) grams. Two males from the same locality weighed 164 and 145 +grams. + + _Measurements._--Average and extreme measurements of four + males and three females from Soto la Marina are, as follows: + 312.6 (296-330); 119.8 (110-130); 41.6 (38-43). Average + cranial measurements of five specimens (two males, three + females) from same locality are: greatest length of skull, + 44.7 (43.7-47.4); zygomatic breadth, 26.9 (25.3-28.6); + breadth of braincase, 19.4 (19.2-19.5); interorbital + constriction, 13.3 (12.5-14.1); length of nasals, 15.9 + (14.6-17.5); length of maxillary tooth-row, 8.3 (8.0-8.5). + + _Records of occurrence._--Specimens examined, 20: San + Fernando, 180 ft., 12; Soto la Marina, 500 ft., 8. + + Additional records (Howell, 1938:121 unless otherwise + noted): Nuevo Laredo; Mier; Camargo; Reynosa; Bagdad; + Victoria; Xecotencatl [= Xicotencatl] (J. A. Allen, + 1891:223). + + +=Spermophilus spilosoma oricolus= Alvarez + +Spotted Ground Squirrel + + 1962. _Spermophilus spilosoma oricolus_ Alvarez, Univ. + Kansas Publ., Mus. Nat. Hist., 14:123, March 7, type from 1 + mi. E La Pesca, Tamaulipas. + + _Distribution in Tamaulipas._--Known only from the type + locality and from parts of the barrier beach, but possibly + occurs at other places in northeastern parts of state. + +The 10 specimens from the type locality were trapped or shot on the +beach, which was covered by thick, low, scattered bushes and grass. Of +the many holes found there, some probably were used by ground squirrels +and others by crabs. A female, taken on July 7 with two young at a +place 33 miles south of Washington Beach, weighed 133 grams and had six +placental scars. This specimen (reported as _Spermophilus spilosoma +annectens_ by Selander _et al._, 1962:335) resembles others examined +from the barrier beach (see Alvarez, 1962:124) and is therefore +assigned to _S. s. oricolus_. + + _Records of occurrence._--Specimens examined, 24: 33 mi. S + Washington Beach, 1; 88 mi. S, 10 mi. W Matamoros, 12; 89 + mi. S, 10 mi. W Matamoros, 1; 1 mi. E La Pesca, 10. + + +=Spermophilus variegatus couchii= Baird + +Rock Squirrel + + 1855. _Spermophilus couchii_ Baird, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. + Philadelphia, 1:332, April, type from Santa Catarina, a few + miles west of Monterrey, Nuevo Leon. + + 1955. _Spermophilus variegatus couchii_, Baker, Univ. Kansas + Publ., Mus. Nat. Hist, 9:207, June 15. + + _Distribution in Tamaulipas._--Possibly in southwestern + part; reported only from Ciudad Victoria (Howell, 1938:141). + +Since Baird (1855:332) described _S. v. couchii_ and mentioned a +specimen from Ciudad Victoria that was obtained by Berlandier, no other +record from Tamaulipas has come to light. Probably the species obtained +by Berlandier was introduced at Ciudad Victoria by man. + + +=Sciurus aureogaster aureogaster= Cuvier + +Red-bellied Squirrel + + 1829. [_Sciurus_] _aureogaster_ Cuvier, _in_ Geoffroy + St.-Hilaire, and F. Cuvier, Hist. Nat. Mamm., 6, livr. 59 + pl. with text, September (binomen published only at end of + work, table generale et methodique, 7:4, 1842), type + locality "California"; restricted to Altamira, Tamaulipas, + by Nelson (Proc. Washington Acad. Sci., 1:38, May 9, 1899). + + _Distribution in Tamaulipas._--Tropical forest of southern + part; north at least to Rancho Santa Rosa. + +According to one collector (Schaldach), natives referred to _Sciurus +aureogaster_ as "ardilla pinta" or "ardilla colorada." He recorded in +his field notes that _S. aureogaster_ was most active between 7:00 and +9:00 a. m. and again from 3:00 to 5:00 p. m., that the nest was +constructed of green oak leaves, and that the nest resembles somewhat +in size and form that of _S. carolinensis_. + +Of 53 specimens examined, 17 are black and one from 70 kilometers south +of Ciudad Victoria is clearly more whitish than the others. Specimens +from the northeastern part of the range of the species (= southeastern +Tamaulipas) average darker than those from the south and west. In +individuals that are not black, the ventral reddish color covers the +shoulders and in some it extends between the shoulders to the median +dorsal area. + +Among females collected from December through May, only one, taken 43 +kilometers south of Ciudad Victoria on March 17, was pregnant (one +embryo). + +The weight of seven adult males from Soto la Marina and the Sierra de +Tamaulipas averaged 492.5 (400-575) grams. + +Specimens herein reported from San Fernando provide the northernmost +record of the species. + + _Records of occurrence._--Specimens examined, 53: San + Fernando, 180 ft., 5; 9-1/2 mi. SW Padilla, 800 ft., 3; + Rancho Santa Rosa, 25 km. N, 13 km. W Cd. Victoria, 260 m., + 8; 3 mi. NE Guemes, 5; Soto la Marina (3 mi. N), 500 ft., 6; + Sierra de Tamaulipas, 10 mi. W, 8 mi. S Piedra, 1200 ft., 6; + 43 km. S Cd. Victoria, 1; Ejido Santa Isabel, 2 km. W + Pan-American Highway, 2000 ft., 5; 70 km. (by highway) S Cd. + Victoria, 6 mi. W of Pan-American Highway, 3; 2 mi. W El + Carrizo, 7; Rancho Pano Ayuctle, 6 mi. N Gomez Farias, 300 + ft., 2; Rancho Pano Ayuctle, 25 mi. N, 3 km. W El Mante, 300 + ft., 1; 8 km. W, 10 km. N El Encino, 400 ft., 1. + + Additional records: Rio Corono (= Corona) (J. A. Allen, + 1891:222); Victoria (Kelson, 1952:249); Santa Maria + (Goodwin, 1954:8); 3 mi. NW Acuna, 3500 ft. (Hooper, + 1953:4); Forlon (Nelson, 1899:42); NE Zamorina (Hooper, + 1953:4); Gomez Farias (Goodwin, 1954:8); Altamira (Nelson, + 1899:42); Tampico (J. A. Allen, 1891:222). + + +=Sciurus deppei negligens= Nelson + +Deppe's Squirrel + + 1898. _Sciurus negligens_ Nelson, Proc. Biol. Soc. + Washington, 12:147, June 3, type from Altamira, Tamaulipas. + + 1953. _Sciurus deppei negligens_, Hooper, Occas. Papers Mus. + Zool., Univ. Michigan, 544:4, March 25. + + _Distribution in Tamaulipas._--Tropical forest in southern + part of state, north to Rancho Santa Rosa and Padilla. + +In Tamaulipas this squirrel is called "ardilla chica" or "ardilla +barcina," and is abundant in areas where tall trees and dense brush +prevail. This species evidently does not have restricted periods of +activity, as does _S. aureogaster_, but is active throughout the day. +At El Carrizo a nest, nine to 10 inches in diameter and constructed of +leaves and small sticks, was in a thick tangle of branches 25 feet +above the ground. A male having testes 11 mm. long was in the nest. +Among 16 females collected in the months of February, May and June, +only two, taken in February, were lactating. A female from 70 +kilometers south of Ciudad Victoria, had four placental scars, three on +the right side and one on the left, along with a resorbed embryo on the +right side; according to the collector "the scars appeared quite +recent, as evidenced by the fact that not all of the blood had been +resorbed yet." + +The northernmost localities from which _S. d. negligens_ has been +reported are nine and a half miles southwest of Padilla in the east, +and Rancho Santa Rosa in the west. + +Three males from the vicinity of Padilla weighed 309, 276, and 261 +grams. + + _Records of occurrence._--Specimens examined, 92: 9-1/2 mi. + SW Padilla, 800 ft., 3; Rancho Santa Rosa, 25 km. N, 13 km. + W Cd. Victoria, 260 m., 8; 3 mi. NE Guemes, 1; Sierra de + Tamaulipas, 10 mi. W, 2 mi. S Piedra, 1200 ft., 3; Ejido + Santa Isabel, 2 km. W Pan-American Highway, 2000 ft., 20; 70 + km. (by highway) S Cd. Victoria and 6 mi. W Pan-American + Highway, 43; 2 km. W El Carrizo, 12; 8 km. W, 10 km. N El + Encino, 400 ft., 2. + + Additional records: Victoria (Nelson, 1898:147); Santa Maria + (Goodwin, 1954:8); Rancho Viejo (_ibid._); Rancho del Cielo + (_ibid._); 3 mi. NW Acuna (Hooper, 1953:4); Pano Ayuctle + (_ibid._); Gomez Farias (Goodwin, 1954:8); Mesa de Llera, 10 + mi. NE Zamorina (Hooper, 1953:4); Altamira (Nelson, + 1898:147). + + +=Sciurus alleni= Nelson + +Allen's Squirrel + + 1898. _Sciurus alleni_ Nelson, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, + 12:147, June 3, type from Monterrey, Nuevo Leon. + + _Distribution in Tamaulipas._--Along Sierra Madre Oriental + in southwestern part of state. + +This squirrel occurs in stands of oak and "nogalillos" (hickory) trees +that grow along streams and arroyos. Individuals are active from +sunrise to about 10:00 a. m. and again late in the afternoon. They give +a soft "chirring" call. + +Nelson (1899:92) noted that specimens from Miquihuana were smaller than +those from the type locality. Among specimens I have examined, some are +as large as topotypes and two females are larger (total length, 486 and +490) than measurements given for the species by Nelson (_op. cit._). + + _Record of occurrence._--Specimens examined, 11, from Joya + Verde, 35 km. SW Cd. Victoria, 3800 ft. + + Additional records: Near Victoria (Nelson, 1899:92); + Miquihuana (_ibid._); Joya de Salas (Goodwin, 1954:8). + + +=Glaucomys volans herreranus= Goldman + +Southern Flying Squirrel + + 1936. _Glaucomys volans herreranus_ Goldman, Jour. + Washington Acad. Sci., 26:463, November 15, type from Mts. + of Veracruz. + + _Distribution in Tamaulipas._--Known only from Aserradero + del Infernillo (Goodwin, 1954:9 and 1961:9). + + +=Geomys personatus personatus= True + +Texas Pocket Gopher + + 1889. _Geomys personatus_ True, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., + 11:159 for 1888, January 5, type from Padre Island, Cameron + County, Texas. + + _Distribution in Tamaulipas._--Known only from the barrier + beach in northeastern part of state. + +The specimens examined are referred, tentatively, to _Geomys personatus +personatus_ on geographic grounds. They average smaller in all +measurements than _personatus_ (but are larger than _G. p. +megapotamus_), do not have the sagittal crest that usually is present +in _personatus_, and the shape of the pterygoid bones is distinctive. +In _personatus_ and _megapotamus_ the ventral border of the pterygoids +(in lateral view) is convex instead of nearly straight as in specimens +from the barrier beach. The specimens recorded here are all that are +known of _G. personatus_ (see account of _G. tropicalis_) from Mexico. + + _Measurements._--Average and extreme external measurements + of five females from 73 miles south of Washington Beach are + as follows: 266.8 (263-271); 94.8 (91-98); 34 (33-35). + Cranial measurements of two males (89038, 89032) and average + and extremes of five females are respectively: basal length, + 49.1, 46.6, 45.9 (44.2-46.8); basilar length, 42.9, 40.0, + 39.8 (38.0-40.8); zygomatic breadth, 29.6, 28.3, 28.0 + (25.7-29.9); squamosal breadth, 27.8, 25.9, 26.2 + (23.8-25.4); interorbital constriction, 7.4, 6.9, 7.3 + (6.7-7.8); alveolar length of maxillary tooth-row, 10.3, + 9.2, 9.4 (9.1-9.7). + + _Records of occurrence._--Specimens examined, 17: 35 mi. SSE + Matamoros, 8; 33 mi. S Washington Beach, 1; 73 mi. S + Washington Beach, 8. + + Additional record: 4 mi. S Washington Beach (Selander _et + al._, 1962:335--possibly fragmentary skeletal remains never + catalogued in any research collection). + + +=Geomys tropicalis= Goldman + +Tropical Pocket Gopher + + 1915. _Geomys personatus tropicalis_ Goldman, Proc. Biol. + Soc. Washington, 28:134, June 29, type from Altamira, + Tamaulipas. + + _Distribution in Tamaulipas._--Known only from vicinity of + type locality, in southeastern part of state. + +_Geomys tropicalis_ was named as a subspecies of _G. personatus_ in +1915 by E. A. Goldman. To my knowledge, no one other than Goldman has +critically studied specimens of this pocket gopher, nor have specimens +other than those listed in the original description been reported up to +now. In 1953, Gerd H. Heinrich collected a series of 19 individuals one +mile south of Altamira. These specimens were compared (by E. R. Hall in +March, 1962) with the holotype and paratypes of _G. p. tropicalis_ and +were found to be indistinguishable. + +Careful comparisons of the specimens from one mile south of Altamira +with topotypes of _G. personatus personatus_ (and specimens of other +subspecies) indicate that _tropicalis_ differs from _personatus_ in a +number of important characters, some of which _tropicalis_ shares with +_Geomys arenarius_ of the Rio Grande Valley and adjacent areas in +Texas, New Mexico, and Chihuahua (see Table 2). + +TABLE 2.--DIFFERENCES BETWEEN THREE SPECIES OF GEOMYS. + +=========================+==============+===============+============== + |_G. arenarius_|_G. personatus_|_G. tropicalis_ +-------------------------+--------------+---------------+-------------- +Zygomatic arches | parallel | narrower | narrower + | | posteriorly | posteriorly +Sagittal crest | absent | present | small +Squamosal knob | present | absent | present +Interparietal | subquadrant | triangular | triangular +Mesopterygoid fossa | V-shaped | U-shaped | V-shaped +Ratio, zygomatic breadth | | | + to basal length | 63.7-66.6 | 66.3-67.2 | 60.8-66.2 +Ratio, mastoid breadth | | | + to basal length | 58.0-60.4 | 59.8-63.1 | 58.0-59.6 +Border of premaxilla at | | | + incisive foramina | wedge-shaped | subquadrate | subquadrate +-------------------------+--------------+---------------+-------------- + +As can be seen in the accompanying table _tropicalis_ resembles +_arenarius_ in half of the eight characters considered, especially in +the presence of a knob on the zygomatic process of the squamosal (the +diagnostic character of _arenarius_ according to Merriam, 1895:140) and +in the shape of the mesopterygoid fossa. _G. tropicalis_ differs from +_arenarius_ principally in having a low sagittal crest in adult males +(lacking in _arenarius_) and in the shape of the interparietal bone, +which in _tropicalis_ is small (in some skulls difficult to see) and +triangular instead of being relatively large and subquadrate as in +_arenarius_. + +_G. tropicalis_ resembles _personatus_ in half of the characters +considered, notably in shape of the interparietal bone, outline of +zygomatic arches, and constriction of the premaxillae where they border +the incisive foramina. + +Considering the distinctive combination of characters possessed by +_tropicalis_, and its isolated, restricted geographic range (the +nearest known record of _Geomys_ is approximately 165 miles to the +north), _tropicalis_ is here regarded as a full species. A skull alone +examined from 10 miles northwest of Tampico does not differ from those +of other specimens studied. + +The average weight of five non-pregnant July-taken females was 189.4 +(180-200) grams. Weights of three males were 280, 270, and 255 grams. +Females are in all measurements smaller than males. + + _Measurements._--Average and extreme measurements of five + females and three males from one mile south of Altamira are, + respectively, as follows: 243.5 (235-250), 260, 260, 265; + 82.0 (78-85), 87, 93, 89; 32.2 (31-33), 35, 35, 33; ear from + notch in both sexes, 5; condylobasal length, 42.3 + (41.3-43.1), 46.0, 48.0, 46.2; zygomatic breadth, 26.6 + (25.1-27.7), 30.4, 31.2, 30.5; interorbital constriction, + 6.2 (6.1-6.3), 6.0, 6.2, 6.3; length of nasals, 14.6 + (14.0-15.3), 17.0, 16.8, 15.9; alveolar length of maxillary + tooth-row, 9.0 (8.6-9.3), 9.9, 10.0, 9.4. + + _Records of occurrence._--Specimens examined, 19: 1 mi. S + Altamira, 18; 10 mi. NW Tampico, 1. + + Additional record: Altamira (Goldman, 1915:134). + + +=Heterogeomys hispidus negatus= Goodwin + +Hispid Pocket Gopher + + 1953. _Heterogeomys hispidus negatus_ Goodwin, Amer. Mus. + Novit., 1620:1, May 4, type from Gomez Feras [Farias], 1300 + ft., Tamaulipas. + + _Distribution in Tamaulipas._--Known only from the vicinity + of the type locality. + +Specimens of this pocket gopher were taken in large Macabee traps, at +night with the aid of a dog, and by natives using slingshots. Mounds of +_H. hispidus_ were common two miles west of El Carrizo near banana +trees; the mouths of burrows were four to five inches in diameter. Two +females collected at this locality on April 16 and 17 were lactating. + +Specimens examined of _H. hispidus_ from Tamaulipas resemble the +description of _H. h. negatus_ more than that of _H. h. concavus_, and +are referred, therefore, to _negatus_. I assume, on geographic grounds, +that the individuals reported by Hooper (1953:5) as _concavus_ are +_negatus_; they are here referred to as _negatus_. If this referral is +correct, the subspecies _concavus_ probably does not occur in +Tamaulipas. + + _Records of occurrence._--Specimens examined, 6: Ejido Santa + Isabel, 2 km. W Pan-American Highway, 2000 ft., 1; 2 km. W + El Carrizo, 1; 5 km. W El Carrizo, 4. + + Additional records: Rancho Pano Ayuctle (Hooper, 1953:5); + Gomez Farias (Goodwin, 1953:1). + + +=Cratogeomys castanops= + +Yellow-faced Pocket Gopher + +Two subspecies of _Cratogeomys castanops_ occur in Tamaulipas, _C. c. +planifrons_ in the higher elevations of the Sierra Madre Oriental in +the western part of the state, and _C. c. tamaulipensis_ on the plains +of the Rio Grande. + +Specimens from Miquihuana were trapped in tunnels at 6400 feet +elevation. At Palmillas, individuals were trapped in an area of +mesquite, other bushes and "lechuguilla." Three specimens from +southeast of Reynosa were collected in traps set along the dikes of +irrigation ditches. Most specimens from Nicolas were brought by natives +to the collector, but some were caught in traps set in tunnels among +the desert bushes. + + +=Cratogeomys castanops planifrons= Nelson and Goldman + + 1943. _Cratogeomys castanops planifrons_ Nelson and Goldman, + Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 47:146, June 13, type from + Miquihuana, 5000 ft., Tamaulipas. + + _Distribution in Tamaulipas._--Higher elevations in + southwestern part of state. + +Specimens from four miles north of Jaumave do not differ from specimens +from Miquihuana. The weights of nine females averaged 146.4 (110-210) +grams; three males weighed 178, 203, and 215 grams. + + _Records of occurrence._--Specimens examined, 29: + Miquihuana, 6400 ft., 9; 4 mi. N Jaumave, 2500 ft., 5; + Nicolas, 56 km. NW Tula, 5500 ft., 15. + + +=Cratogeomys castanops tamaulipensis= Nelson and Goldman + + 1934. _Cratogeomys castanops tamaulipensis_ Nelson and + Goldman, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 47:141, June 13, type + from Matamoros, Tamaulipas. + + _Distribution in Tamaulipas._--Known only from two + localities in extreme northern part of state, but probably + occurs throughout northeastern part of state. + +Three specimens from three miles southeast of Reynosa are referred to +_C. c. tamaulipensis_ on geographic grounds. They are tawny brown +dorsally instead of cinnamon brown or pinkish cinnamon as Nelson and +Goldman (1943:141) described _tamaulipensis_, and the basioccipital +bone (in one male) is parallel-sided instead of wedge-shaped. Possibly +this difference is owing to sex; Nelson and Goldman studied only one +adult, a female (the type), and the only adult seen by me was a male. + + _Measurements._--An adult male (58118) from three miles + southeast of Reynosa, measured as follows: 301; 81; 40; 7; + condylobasal length, 57.0; zygomatic breadth, 41.2; palatal + length, 36.1; breadth of rostrum, 11.8; length of nasals, + 22.0; squamosal breadth, 34.0; alveolar length of maxillary + tooth-row, 10.8. + + _Records of occurrence._--Specimens examined, 3, from 3 mi. + SE Reynosa. + + Additional record: Matamoros (Nelson and Goldman, 1934:140). + + +=Perognathus merriami merriami= J. A. Allen + +Merriam's Pocket Mouse + + 1892. _Perognathus merriami_ J. A. Allen, Bull. Amer. Mus. + Nat. Hist., 4:45, March 25, type from Brownsville, Cameron + Co., Texas. + + _Distribution in Tamaulipas._--State-wide except + southwestern part. + +Most of the available specimens of _P. m. merriami_ were collected in +the semi-arid areas of mesquite and grasses. At Soto la Marina _P. m. +merriami_ was abundant in open fields surrounded by brush. One female, +collected on July 4, one mile south of Altamira was lactating. Weights +of 16 adults from Soto la Marina and that of nine adults from the +vicinity of San Fernando are, respectively: 8.2 (7-10) and 8.1 (7-9) +grams. + +Specimens from Tamaulipas are darker than those examined from Coahuila +and southern Texas. A skull picked up on the barrier beach, 73 miles +south of Washington Beach, differs from all other skulls examined in +having the rostrum (3.6 mm.) and M1 (4.3) wider, auditory bullae +relatively smaller, and glenoid fossa larger (2.6 instead of less than +2.3 in specimens from Soto la Marina). + + _Records of occurrence._--Specimens examined, 46: 4-4.5 mi. + S Nuevo Laredo, 900 ft., 4; 10 mi. S, 11 mi. E Nuevo Laredo, + 600 ft., 2; 1 mi. S Santa Teresa, 1; San Fernando, 180 ft., + 1; 2 mi. W San Fernando, 180 ft., 14; 73 mi. S Washington + Beach, 1; 12 mi. NW San Carlos, 1300 ft., 1; Soto la Marina, + 19; Ciudad Victoria, 1; 17 mi. SW Tula, 3900 ft., 1; 1 mi. S + Altamira, 1. + + Additional records (Osgood, 1900:22, unless otherwise + noted): Mier; Reynosa; Matamoros; 40 mi. S Matamoros + (Hooper, 1953:5); Hidalgo; Altamira. + + +=Perognathus hispidus hispidus= Baird + +Hispid Pocket Mouse + + 1858. _Perognathus hispidus_ Baird, Mammals, in Repts. Expl. + Surv. ..., 8(1):421, July 14, type from Charco Escondido, + Tamaulipas. + + _Distribution in Tamaulipas._--Central and northern parts of + state. + +Two specimens examined from the vicinity of Nuevo Laredo were trapped +in weeds and tall grass along an irrigation ditch that ran between +desert and a cornfield. One was a lactating female (November 15) and +weighed 31 grams; the other, an immature male, weighed 23 grams. A +May-taken specimen from Soto la Marina possesses a broader and more +ochraceous lateral line than the other three individuals examined from +Tamaulipas and the Texan specimens seen. + + _Records of occurrence._--Specimens examined, 4: 10 mi. S, + 11 mi. E Nuevo Laredo, 600 ft., 2; Soto la Marina, 500 ft., + 1; 9-1/2 mi. SW Padilla, 800 ft., 1. + + Additional records (Osgood, 1900:44, unless otherwise + noted): Mier; Matamoros; Charco Escondido (Baird, 1858:422); + 3 mi. W Soto la Marina (Hooper, 1953:5). + + +=Perognathus nelsoni nelsoni= Merriam + +Nelson's Pocket Mouse + + 1894. _Perognathus (Chaetodipus) nelsoni_ Merriam, Proc. + Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 46:266, September 27, type + from Hacienda La Parada, about 25 mi. NW Cd. San Luis + Potosi, San Luis Potosi. + + _Distribution in Tamaulipas._--Known only from the west side + of the Sierra Madre Oriental in southwestern part of state. + +Most of the specimens examined were taken in semi-arid habitats where +the dominant plants were cactus, weeds and bushes. + +In Tamaulipas, specimens from the southern localities (places labeled +with reference to Tula) are darker than those from the two northernmost +localities (Miquihuana and four miles north of Jaumave). Most +measurements are about equal in the southern and northern specimens, +but in some measurements southern specimens average slightly smaller +than those from the north. Greatest length of skull is a case in point. +The difference in size is reflected in the weights. Average weights of +nine males and nine females from southern localities are, respectively, +14.7 (12-16.5) and 13.8 (12-15.5) instead of 18.5 (17-20) and 17.0 +(15-18) grams for four males and six females from the northern +localities. In general, Tamaulipan specimens average somewhat smaller +than those from other localities in eastern Mexico (see measurements +given by Baker, 1956:238, Dalquest, 1953:107, and Osgood, 1900:53). + + _Measurements._--Average and extreme measurements of six + specimens (2 males and 4 females) from Miquihuana, three + males from four miles north of Jaumave, and five (3 males + and 2 females) from nine miles southwest of Tula are, + respectively, as follows: 176.2 (163-185), ----, 170, 173, + (4 specimens only) 179.0 (165-186); 99.8 (97-105), ----, 90, + 93, (4 specimens only) 96.7 (88-104); 22.5 (21-23), 23, 23, + 24, 22.6 (22-23); 8 (8), 8, 8, 8, 8.8 (8-9); greatest length + of skull, 26.1 (25.6-26.6), 25.8, 26.5, 26.9, 25.2 + (24.9-25.7); mastoid breadth, 13.3 (12.9-13.6), 13.2, 13.8, + 13.6, 13.1 (12.9-13.4); interorbital constriction, 6.4 + (6.1-6.6), 5.9, 6.3, 6.3, 6.3 (6.1-6.8); interparietal + breadth, 7.4 (6.8-7.9), 7.7, 7.2, 7.2, 7.6 (7.3-7.9); + alveolar length of maxillary tooth-row, 3.7 (3.5-4.0); 3.6, + 3.5, 3.6, 3.6 (3.5-3.8). + + _Records of occurrence._--Specimens examined, 42: + Miquihuana, 6300 ft., 7; 4 mi. N Jaumave, 2500 ft., 5; + Nicolas, 56 km. NW Tula, 5500 ft., 10; Tajada, 23 mi. NW + Tula, 5200 ft., 6; 8 mi. N Tula, 4500 ft., 1; 9 mi. SW Tula, + 3900 ft., 13. + + Additional record: Jaumave (Miller, 1924:284). + + +=Dipodomys ordii= + +Ord's Kangaroo Rat + +This species has a restricted geographic distribution in Tamaulipas, +although three subspecies occur in the state; two of them occur in the +extreme northeast and the other in the far west. + + +=Dipodomys ordii durranti= Setzer + + 1949. _Dipodomys ordii fuscus_ Setzer, Univ. Kansas Publ., + Mus. Nat. Hist., 1:555, December 27, type from Jaumave, + Tamaulipas. + + 1952. _Dipodomys ordii durranti_ Setzer, Jour. Washington + Acad. Sci., 42:391, December 17, a renaming of _D. o. + fuscus_ Setzer, 1949. + + _Distribution in Tamaulipas._--Semi-desert areas in western + part of state. + +The specimen examined from four miles north of Jaumave was trapped in a +xeric area in which the vegetation consisted of mesquite, high palmlike +yuccas, and "lechugilla." Specimens from the vicinity of Tula were +trapped along bushy fence rows and adjacent to clumps of bushes and +cactus, or shot at night in an area in which the soil was a sandy loam +having relatively large amounts of gravel. The average weight of seven +specimens from Nicolas was 50.3 (42-60) grams. + +According to Lidicker (1960:178 and in _litt._), the place called Lulu +that was ascribed to Tamaulipas by Setzer (1949:550), and from which +_D. o. durranti_ was reported, actually is in Zacatecas. + + _Records of occurrence._--Specimens examined, 19: + Miquihuana, 6200 ft., 2; 4 mi. N Jaumave, 2500 ft., 3; + Nicolas, 56 km. NW Tula, 12; 8 km. N Tula, 4500 ft., 2. + + Additional records (Setzer, 1949:556): Nuevo Laredo; + Jaumave. + + +=Dipodomys ordii parvabullatus= Hall + + 1951. _Dipodomys ordii parvabullatus_ Hall, Univ. Kansas + Publ., Mus. Nat. Hist., 5:38, October 1, type from 88 mi. S + and 10 mi. W Matamoros, Tamaulipas. + + _Distribution in Tamaulipas._--Known only from two islands + off the barrier beach. + +Weight of four adults averaged 49.2 (44-60) grams. + + _Records of occurrence._--Specimens examined, 17: 33 mi. S + Washington Beach, 4; 88 mi. S, 10 mi. W Matamoros, 7; 90 mi. + S, 10 mi. W Matamoros, 6. + + +=Dipodomys ordii compactus= True + + 1889. _Dipodomys compactus_ True, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., + 11:160, January 5, type from Padre Island, Cameron Co., + Texas. + + 1942. _Dipodomys ordii compactus_, Davis, Jour. Mamm., + 23:332, August 13. + + _Distribution in Tamaulipas._--Reported only from Bagdad + (Hall, 1951:41). + + +=Dipodomys merriami atronasus= Merriam + +Merriam's Kangaroo Rat + + 1894. _Dipodomys merriami atronasus_ Merriam, Proc. Biol. + Soc. Washington, 9:113, June 21, type from Hacienda La + Parada, about 25 mi. NW San Luis Potosi, San Luis Potosi. + + _Distribution in Tamaulipas._--Mexican Plateau in western + part of state. + +Specimens examined are tentatively assigned to _Dipodomys merriami +atronasus_. They differ from typical _atronasus_ as pointed out by +Lidicker (1960:177). He noted that individuals from the eastern edge of +the range of _D. m. atronasus_ were slightly paler than typical +specimens, but I found Tamaulipan material to be much darker, +especially behind the nose and ears (blackish instead of brownish), +than specimens from Aguascalientes, San Luis Potosi and Zacatecas. + +Specimens examined were collected under the same conditions and in the +same areas as _D. ordii durranti_. The average weight of 20 adults (11 +females and nine males) was 46.6 (38-50) grams. + + _Records of occurrences._--Specimens examined, 27: Nicolas, + 56 km. NW Tula, 5500 ft., 16; Tajada, 23 mi. NW Tula, 5200 + ft., 4; 15 mi. N Tula, 1; 8 mi. N Tula, 4500 ft., 3; 9 mi. + SW Tula, 3900 ft., 3. + + Additional record: Tula (Lidicker, 1960:178). + + +=Liomys irroratus= + +Mexican Spiny Pocket Mouse + +This species is probably the most common rodent in Tamaulipas. It was +taken at almost every locality sampled and was associated with many +other kinds of rodents. Its distribution is state-wide with the +exception of the extreme northwestern part. Two subspecies are +represented in Tamaulipas, _L. i. alleni_, which occurs in the western +side of the Sierra Madre Oriental in the southwest part of the state, +and _L. i. texensis_, which occupies the rest of the range of the +species in the state. + +At Soto la Marina specimens were taken in dense brush, around the +cultivated fields; no burrows were seen and all specimens were trapped +before 10:00 p.m. On the Sierra de Tamaulipas, _Liomys_ was collected +in practically all microhabitats. In the vicinity of San Fernando, +individuals were trapped in a dry area in which vegetation consisted of +mesquite, cactus and chollas; the ground there was covered with dry +leaves and small sticks, and burrows were found near the base of the +mesquite bushes. One specimen was taken near the house of a woodrat. +Two kilometers west of El Carrizo, where _Liomys irroratus_ is called +"raton tuza," specimens were collected on rocks inclined at an angle of +about twenty-five degrees that were covered with zacaton grass and +some bushes. Some individuals were taken in a sugar cane field that was +surrounded by bushes and tall grass; _Baiomys taylori_, _Sigmodon +hispidus_, and _Peromyscus leucopus_ were taken in the line of traps. +One specimen was caught in a trap baited with banana. + +Some dates concerning reproduction of _Liomys irroratus_ in Tamaulipas +are as follows: La Pesca, May 25, one female lactating and one female +pregnant with 4 embryos that measured 8 mm.; Jaumave, July 26-29, three +females lactating and three pregnant females that carried 6 embryos (6 +mm.), 6 embryos (15 mm.), and 5 embryos (15 mm.); Palmillas, July 23, a +female with 1 embryo measuring 6 mm.; Nicolas, October 19, a female +carrying 4 embryos measuring 3 mm. + + +=Liomys irroratus alleni= (Coues) + + 1881. _Heteromys alleni_ Coues, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., + 8:187, March, type from Rio Verde, San Luis Potosi. + + 1911. _Liomys irroratus alleni_, Goldman, N. Amer. Fauna, + 34:56, September 7. + + _Distribution in Tamaulipas._--Extreme southwestern part of + state. + +This subspecies is easily distinguished from _L. i. texensis_ by the +following features: hind foot larger, 31.5 (30-33.5) instead of 27.8 +(27-29); skull longer, 34.2 (32.4-36.4) instead of 31.5 (30.0-32.5); +maxillary tooth-row longer, 5.4 (5.0-5.8) instead of 5.0 (4.8-5.1); +interorbital constriction relatively narrower in _alleni_. +Intergradation between _L. i. alleni_ and _L. i. texensis_ takes place +at Rancho Santa Rosa (where, of the two specimens, one is conspicuously +larger than the other), eight kilometers northeast of Antiguo Morelos, +El Encino, and Ejido Santa Isabel. All specimens from the localities +mentioned are here assigned to _texensis_. + +Weight of three pregnant females averaged 68.9 (64-78) grams, that of +non-pregnant females, 65.6 (64-68), and that of six males 73.0 (65-80). + + _Records of occurrence._--Specimens examined, 34: Villa + Mainero, 1700 ft., 2; Nicolas, 56 km. NW Tula, 5500 ft., 6; + Jaumave, 2400 ft., 23; 16 mi. N, 6 mi. W Palmillas, 5500 + ft., 1; 14 mi. N, 6 mi. W Palmillas, 5500 ft., 2. + + Additional records: Miquihuana (Goldman, 1911:56); Tula + (Hooper and Handley, 1958:18). + + +=Liomys irroratus texensis= Merriam + + 1902. _Liomys texensis_ Merriam, Proc. Biol. Soc. + Washington, 15:44, March 5, type from Brownsville, Cameron + Co., Texas. + + 1911. _Liomys irroratus texensis_, Goldman, N. Amer. Fauna, + 34:59, September 7. + + _Distribution in Tamaulipas._--State-wide except extreme + southwestern and northwestern parts. + +Intergradation occurs between _L. i. texensis_ and _L. i. pretiosus_ in +southeastern Tamaulipas as noted previously by Hooper (1953:5). +Individuals from Altamira and one mile south thereof are small and dark +as in _pretiosus_, but cranial measurements are as in _texensis_ to +which they are here assigned. Specimens from the vicinity of Tampico +are typical _texensis_. + +Average weight of the specimens from three different localities are as +follows: Soto la Marina, seven males, 42.7, 14 females, 36.9; Sierra de +Tamaulipas, 12 males, 47.3, 20 females, 40.7; Sierra Madre Oriental, +eight males, 45.5, nine females, 37.0 grams. + +The specimens reported by Ingles (1959:394) from two miles south of El +Mante as _L. irroratus_ are here referred to _texensis_ on geographic +grounds. + + _Records of occurrence._--Specimens examined, 121: 7 km. S, + 2 km. W San Fernando, 7; 7 km. SW La Purisima, 1; Rancho + Santa Rosa, 25 km. N, 13 km. W Cd. Victoria, 260 m., 2; 36 + km. N, 10 km. W Cd. Victoria, 1; 15 mi. N Cd. Victoria, 2; 4 + mi. N La Pesca, 5; Soto la Marina, 25; Sierra Madre + Oriental, 5 mi. S, 3 mi. W Cd. Victoria, 1900 ft., 18; + Sierra de Tamaulipas, 2 mi. S, 10 mi. W Piedra, 1200 ft., + 36; Sierra de Tamaulipas, 3 mi. S, 10 mi. W Piedra, 1200 + ft., 1; Ejido Santa Isabel, 2 km. W Pan-American Highway, + 2000 ft., 3; Rancho Pano Ayuctle, 25 mi. N, 3 km. W El + Mante, 300 ft., 1; Rancho Pano Ayuctle, 6 mi. N Gomez + Farias, 300 ft., 8; 10 km. N, 8 km. W El Encino, 400 ft., 1; + 2 km. W El Carrizo, 6; 53 km. N El Limon, 4; 8 km. NE + Antiguo Morelos, 2; Altamira, 1; 1 mi. S Altamira, 3; 10 mi. + NW Tampico, 1; 7 km. N Tampico, 2. + + Additional records: Hidalgo (Goldman, 1911:59); Matamoros + (_ibid._); Bagdad (_ibid._); Sierra de San Carlos (Hooper + and Handley, 1948:20); 3 mi. W Soto la Marina (Hooper, + 1953:5); [Cd.] Victoria (Goldman, 1911: 59); Acuna (Hooper + and Handley, 1948:20); Mesa de Llera (Hooper, 1953:5); Gomez + Farias (Goodwin, 1954:9); 2 mi. S Cd. Mante (Ingles, + 1959:394); Antiguo Morelos (Hooper and Handley, 1948:20). + + +=Castor canadensis mexicanus= V. Bailey + +Beaver + + 1913. _Castor canadensis mexicanus_ V. Bailey, Proc. Biol. + Soc. Washington, 26:191, October 23, type from Ruidoso + Creek, 6 mi. below Ruidoso, Lincoln Co., New Mexico. + + _Distribution in Tamaulipas._--Probably in the Rio Grande + drainage. + +The beaver has been reported in Tamaulipas only from Matamoros (Baird, +1858:355--three specimens) and from 12 miles below, south of, Matamoros +(V. Bailey, 1905:124). In Tamaulipas the beaver may occur only in the +Rio Grande drainage. + + +=Oryzomys palustris= + +Marsh Rice Rat + +Previous to this report only one subspecies of _Oryzomys palustris_ had +been recorded from Tamaulipas. Careful examination of the available +material from the state shows that _O. p. aquaticus_ occurs in the east +and _O. p. peragrus_ lives in the southwestern part of the state. + +In general, specimens examined were trapped in dense brush alongside +waterholes as at Altamira, or around cornfields as at the place 36 +kilometers north and 10 kilometers west of Ciudad Victoria, where the +bushes were mesquite and other kinds of Acacias. There the ground was +covered by cat claw, and no grass was seen near the traps in which _O. +palustris_ was caught. In the Sierra de Tamaulipas a specimen was +caught among rocks and bushes. Ingles (1959:395) reported that his +specimens were trapped alive in dense brush and "tules." + +A female taken at Jaumave on July 25 had 5 embryos, each 20 mm. in +crown-rump length. + + +=Oryzomys palustris aquaticus= J. A. Allen + + 1891. _Oryzomys aquaticus_ J. A. Allen, Bull. Amer. Mus. + Nat. Hist., 3:289, June 30, type from Brownsville, Cameron + Co., Texas. + + 1918. _Oryzomys couesi aquaticus_, Goldman, N. Amer. Fauna, + 43:39, September 23. + + 1960. _Oryzomys palustris aquaticus_, Hall, The Southwestern + Nat., 5:173, November 1. + + _Distribution in Tamaulipas._--North part of state, and + coastal area south to Tampico. + +Weights of two males were 80 and 82, and of a female 66 grams. + +_Oryzomys palustris aquaticus_ differs from _O. p. peragrus_ in having +a rich cinnamon, reddish color and the interorbital region constricted +to less than 14.7 per cent of the greatest length of the skull. _O. p. +peragrus_ is ochraceous and grayish. The least width of its +interorbital region is more than 14.5 per cent of the greatest length +of the skull. Individuals studied from the Sierra de Tamaulipas are +typical _aquaticus_. Of those from Altamira, one has the color as in +_aquaticus_, but the color of the other two resembles that of +_peragrus_; nevertheless, all of the mentioned specimens are here +assigned to _aquaticus_. + + _Records of occurrence._--Specimens examined, 4: Sierra de + Tamaulipas, 10 mi. W, 2 mi. S Piedra, 1200 ft., 1; 6 mi. N, + 6 mi. W Altamira, 2; 5 mi. N, 5 mi. W Altamira, 1. + + Additional records: Camargo (Goldman, 1918:40); Matamoros + (_ibid._); near Cd. Tampico (Ingles, 1958:395). + + +=Oryzomys palustris peragrus= Merriam + + 1901. _Oryzomys mexicanus peragrus_ Merriam, Proc. + Washington Acad. Sci., 3:283, July 26, type from Rio Verde, + San Luis Potosi. + + 1918. _Oryzomys couesi peragrus_, Goldman, N. Amer. Fauna, + 43:39, September 23. + + 1960. _Oryzomys palustris peragrus_, Hall, The Southwestern + Nat., 5:173, November 1. + + _Distribution in Tamaulipas._--Western part of state, along + Sierra Madre Oriental. + +Two males from Jaumave weighed 62 and 65 and one pregnant female +weighed 67 grams. + +Most records of _O. p. peragrus_ are from places along the Sierra Madre +Oriental, but Lawrence (1947:103) recorded a specimen from the Rio +Corona, which is east of, but not far from the mentioned Sierra. Baker +(1951:215) reported two specimens from two different localities labeled +with reference to Ciudad Victoria (same specimens reported here) as _O. +p. aquaticus_, but pointed out that they tended "toward the darker _O. +c. peragrus_." Examination of more material and taking into +consideration the relation between the interorbital constriction and +the greatest length of skull, cause me here to refer those specimens to +_peragrus_. + +Hooper (1953:8) reported three young specimens from Rancho Pano Ayuctle +as of the subspecies _aquaticus_, but study of two adults from the same +locality reveals that this locality should be included within the +geographic range of _peragrus_. + + _Records of occurrence._--Specimens examined, 9: 36 km. N, + 10 km. W Cd. Victoria, 1; Jaumave, 2400 ft., 5; Rancho Pano + Ayuctle, 25 mi. N, 3 km. W El Mante, 2; 70 km. S Cd. + Victoria (by highway) and 6 km. W of Highway, 1. + + Additional records: Rio Corana (Lawrence, 1947:103); Pano + Ayuctle (Hooper, 1953:8). + + +=Oryzomys melanotis= + +Black-eared Rice Rat + +_Oryzomys melanotis_ occurs in Tamaulipas from Soto la Marina +southward. Two subspecies are recorded: _O. m. carrorum_ in the north +and _O. m. rostratus_ in the tropical area from Rancho Pano Ayuctle to +Altamira. + +Specimens from the Sierra de Tamaulipas were trapped along a stream, +edged with trees, bushes and rocks; at Rancho Pano Ayuctle the animals +were in grass between banana groves. The specimen from 70 kilometers +south of Ciudad Victoria was taken in tall grass near a field of sugar +cane in a line of traps that yielded also _Peromyscus leucopus_, +_Sigmodon hispidus_, _Liomys irroratus_, and _Oryzomys fulvescens_. +Hooper (1953:8) and Ingles (1959:395) reported _O. melanotis_ as caught +at the edges of cane fields. + + +=Oryzomys melanotis carrorum= Lawrence + + 1947. _Oryzomys rostratus carrorum_ Lawrence, Proc. New + England Zool. Club, 24:101, May 29, type from Rancho Santa + Ana, about 8 mi. SW Padilla, Rio Soto la Marina, Tamaulipas. + + 1959. _Oryzomys melanotis carrorum_, Hall and Kelson, The + Mammals of North America, 2:560, March 21. + + _Distribution in Tamaulipas._--Southeast part of state; + known only from the type locality and the Sierra de + Tamaulipas. + +The original description of this subspecies was based on three +specimens collected at Rancho Santa Ana. Specimens examined from the +Sierra de Tamaulipas extended the known range 45 miles southeast of the +type locality, and also extend the previously known altitudinal range +of 300-350 feet elevation to 1200 feet. + +Specimens examined correspond in color and measurements to those +recorded by Lawrence (1947:102-103). Of 12 specimens studied, the +tympanic bullae of six touch the surface of the table when the skull +rests on the tips of the incisors and the occipital condyles. In the +other six the bullae are 0.3 to 1.3 mm. above the table top. The +mesopterygoid space in the specimens examined are broad and U-shaped +and not V-shaped as in the three specimens examined by Lawrence (_op. +cit._). Weight of six males was 52.5 (48-63) and of four females 44.7 +(40-49) grams. + + _Measurements._--Average and extreme measurements of six + males are as follows: 255.3 (240-269); 135.7 (120-147); + 135.7 (120-147); 30.4 (30-31); 21 (20-22); greatest length + of skull, 31.6 (30.9-32.5); zygomatic breadth, 15.3 + (14.7-16.1); interorbital constriction, 4.8 (4.5-5.1); + breadth of skull, 31.6 (30.9-32.5); length of nasals, 12.9 + (12.4-13.4); length of anterior palatine foramina, 5.5 + (5.2-5.7); length of palatal bridge, 6.1 (5.8-6.4); length + of maxillary tooth-row, 4.0 (3.9-4.1). The females average + slightly smaller. + + _Records of occurrence._--Specimens examined, 12 from Sierra + de Tamaulipas, 10 mi. W, 2 mi. S Piedra, 1200 ft. + + Additional record: Type locality (Lawrence, 1947:102). + + +=Oryzomys melanotis rostratus= Merriam + + 1901. _Oryzomys rostratus_ Merriam, Proc. Washington Acad. + Sci., 3:293. July 26, type from Metlatoyuca, Puebla. + + 1953. _Oryzomys melanotis rostratus_, Hooper, Occ. Papers + Mus. Zool., Univ. Michigan, 544:8, March 25. + + _Distribution in Tamaulipas._--Extreme southeastern part of + state, in tropical area. + +Ingles (1959:395) reported one specimen from two miles north of Ciudad +Mante as _O. melanotis_; here it is referred to _O. m. rostratus_ on +geographic grounds. + + _Records of occurrence._--Specimens examined, 2: 2 km. W El + Carrizo, 1; Rancho Pano Ayuctle, 25 mi. N El Mante and 3 km. + W Highway, 1. + + Additional records: 2 mi. N Cd. Mante (Ingles, 1959:395); + Altamira (Goldman, 1918:54). + + +=Oryzomys alfaroi huastecae= Dalquest + + 1951. _Oryzomys alfaroi huastecae_ Dalquest, Jour. + Washington Acad. Sci., 41:363, November 14, type from 10 km. + E Platanito, San Luis Potosi. + + _Distribution in Tamaulipas._--Known only from Rancho del + Cielo (Hooper, 1953:8). + + +=Oryzomys fulvescens= + +Pygmy Rice Rat + +The pygmy rice rat in Tamaulipas was collected in grass. Two kilometers +west of El Carrizo in grass around a sugar cane field, traps, baited +with scraps of deer meat, caught _Oryzomys fulvescens_, _Sigmodon +hispidus_, _Peromyscus leucopus_ and _Liomys irroratus_. Seven +kilometers north of Tampico, _O. fulvescens_ was taken along with +_Peromyscus leucopus_, _Sigmodon hispidus_ and _Baiomys taylori_. + +A female obtained on March 2, at Rancho Pano Ayuctle, had 4 embryos 16 +mm. in crown-rump length. + + +=Oryzomys fulvescens fulvescens= (Saussure) + + 1860. _H[esperomys]. fulvescens_ Saussure, Revue et Mag. + Zool., Paris, ser. 2, 12:102, March, type from Veracruz; + fixed by Merriam (Proc. Washington Acad. Sci., 3:295, July + 26, 1901) at Orizaba. + + 1897. _Oryzomys fulvescens_, J. A. Allen and Chapman, Bull. + Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 9:204, June 16. + + _Distribution in Tamaulipas._--Reported only from Rancho del + Cielo (Goodwin, 1954:10). + + +=Oryzomys fulvescens engracie= Osgood + + 1945. _Oryzomys fulvescens engracie_ Osgood, Jour. Mamm., + 26:300, November 14, type from Hacienda Santa Engracia (32 + km. N), NW of Cd. Victoria, Tamaulipas. + + _Distribution in Tamaulipas._--Central and southeast parts + of state. + + _Records of occurrence._--Specimens examined, 13: 2 km. W El + Carrizo, 5; Rancho Pano Ayuctle, 25 mi. N, 3 km. W El Mante, + 6; 10 km. N, 8 km. W El Encino, 1; 7 km. N Tampico, 1. + + Additional record: Altamira (Osgood, 1945:300). + + +=Reithrodontomys megalotis hooperi= Goodwin + +Western Harvest Mouse + + 1954. _Reithrodontomys megalotis hooperi_ Goodwin, Amer. + Mus. Novit., 1660:1, May 25, type from Rancho del Cielo, 5 + mi. NW Gomez Farias, 3500 ft., Tamaulipas. + + _Distribution in Tamaulipas._--Known only from type + locality. + + +=Reithrodontomys fulvescens= + +Fulvous Harvest Mouse + +This is the most common species of _Reithrodontomys_ in Tamaulipas; it +occurs in almost all parts of the state, from sea level to high up in +the mountains and from the tropical forest to the desert plain. + +The three subspecies in the state are _R. f. intermedias_ in the +northern half, _R. f. griseoflavus_ in the high parts of the Sierra +Madre Oriental, and _R. f. tropicalis_ in the southeast. The lines +between these subspecies are difficult to establish because the zones +of intergradation are broad. Characters for separating the three +subspecies in Tamaulipas are listed by Hooper (1952). + + +=Reithrodontomys fulvescens griseoflavus= Merriam + + 1901. _Reithrodontomys griseoflavus_ Merriam, Proc. + Washington Acad. Sci., 3:553, November 29, type from Ameca, + 4000 ft., Jalisco. + + 1952. _Reithrodontomys fulvescens griseoflavus_, Hooper, + Miscl. Publ. Mus. Zool., Univ. Michigan, 77:98, January 16. + + _Distribution in Tamaulipas._--Known only from Jaumave. + +Only specimens from Jaumave are clearly _R. f. griseoflavus_; all +others east of this locality are intergrades between _griseoflavus_ and +_tropicalis_, under which latter subspecies they are included. In +_griseoflavus_ the tail is longer in relation to the head and body, +141.2 (135-153) per cent, than in the other two subspecies that occur +in Tamaulipas. The average weight of 14 males was 14 (12-16) grams. + + _Record of occurrence._--Specimens examined, 15, from + Jaumave, 2400 ft. + + +=Reithrodontomys fulvescens intermedius= J. A. Allen + + 1895. _Reithrodontomys mexicanus intermedius_ J. A. Allen, + Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 7:136, May 21, type from + Brownsville, Cameron Co., Texas. + + 1914. _Reithrodontomys fulvescens intermedius_, A. H. + Howell, N. Amer. Fauna, 36:47, June 5. + + _Distribution in Tamaulipas._--Northern half of state. + +No specimen of this subspecies has been examined. Jones and Anderson +(1958:447) reported specimens from Rancho Pano Ayuctle as _R. f. +intermedius_, but here those same specimens are assigned to _R. f. +tropicalis_. J. A. Allen (1891:223) recorded specimens from Santa +Teresa as _Ochetodon mexicanus_. According to Hooper (1952:142) that +name was used by Allen for _R. fulvescens_. Allen's specimens from +Santa Teresa are here referred to _R. f. intermedius_ on geographic +grounds. + + _Records_ (Hooper, 1952:108): Camargo, 200 ft.; 20 mi. S + Reynosa, Charco Escondido; Matamoros, 30 ft.; 7.5 mi. S + Matamoros; 29 mi. S Cd. Victoria, 800 ft.; Hacienda Santa + Engracia, 800 ft.; Santa Teresa (50 mi. SW Matamoros); + Sierra San Carlos (El Mulato, Tamaulipeca, 1500 ft.). + + +=Reithrodontomys fulvescens tropicalis= Davis + + 1944. _Reithrodontomys fulvescens tropicalis_ Davis, Jour. + Mamm., 25:393, December 12, type from Boca del Rio, 8 km. S + city of Veracruz, Veracruz. + + _Distribution in Tamaulipas._--Tropical area in southeastern + part of state. + +Most of the specimens examined of _R. fulvescens_ are included in this +subspecies, principally because of their reddish coloration that is +characteristic of _R. f. tropicalis_. According to the original +description by Davis (1944:393) this subspecies is smaller than +_griseoflavus_ and the posterior border of the incisive foramina +terminate anterior to the plane of the molars. But, these +characteristics are not found in any specimen examined from Tamaulipas +and the average of external measurements is more than those given by +Hooper (1952:109) for _tropicalis_. Of all specimens from Tamaulipas, +those from the vicinity of Altamira and Tampico are most nearly typical +of _tropicalis_. Weights of seven males and five females, from the +Sierra de Tamaulipas, were, respectively, 13 (11-15), and 11 (9-14) +grams. + + _Records of occurrence._--Specimens examined, 51: Rancho + Santa Rosa, 25 km. N, 13 km. W Cd. Victoria, 1; Cd. + Victoria, 3; Sierra de Tamaulipas, 10 mi. W, 2 mi. S Piedra, + 1200 ft., 12; 2 km. W El Carrizo, 1; Ejido Santa Isabel, 2 + km. W Pan-American Highway, 2000 ft., 14; Rancho Pano + Ayuctle, 25 mi. N, 3 km. W El Mante, 300 ft., 4; Rancho Pano + Ayuctle, 6 mi. N Gomez Farias, 300 ft., 4; 6 mi. N, 6 mi. W + Altamira, 2; 1 mi. S Altamira, 3; 16 km. N Tampico, 3; 7 km. + N Tampico, 4. + + Additional records: Hidalgo (Hooper, 1952:110); 5 mi. NE + Gomez Farias, 1100 ft. (_ibid._); La Azteca, 5 km. NNE Gomez + Farias (Goodwin, 1954:11); Gomez Farias (_ibid._); Antiguo + Morelos (Hooper, 1952:110); 2 mi. W Tampico (Ingles, + 1959:396). + + +=Reithrodontomys mexicanus mexicanus= (Saussure) + +Mexican Harvest Mouse + + 1860. _R[eithrodon]. mexicanus_ Saussure, Revue et Mag. + Zool., Paris, ser. 2, 12:109, type from mountains of + Veracruz; restricted to Mirador, Veracruz, by Hooper, Miscl. + Publ. Mus. Zool., Univ. Michigan, 77:140, January 16. + + 1914, _Reithrodontomys mexicanus mexicanus_, A. H. Howell, + N. Amer. Fauna, 36:70, June 5. Not _Reithrodontomys + mexicanus_ (Saussure), being instead of J. A. Allen, + 1895:135, which in part equalled _Reithrodontomys fulvescens + difficilis_. + + _Distribution in Tamaulipas._--Known from two localities, + but probably occurs in all tropical areas in south part of + state. + +As noted before, J. A. Allen (1891:223) reported specimens from Rancho +Santa Rosa as _Ochetodon mexicanus_, but he used this name for the +species now known as _R. fulvescens_. + +The specimen examined, previously reported by Jones and Anderson +(1958:447), represents the northernmost occurrence of the species. + + _Records of occurrence._--One specimen examined from Rancho + Pano Ayuctle, 6 mi. N Gomez Farias, 300 ft. + + Additional record: Rancho del Cielo, 3500 ft. (Hooper, + 1952:144). + + +=Peromyscus maniculatus blandus= Osgood + +Deer Mouse + + 1904. _Peromyscus sonoriensis blandus_ Osgood, Proc. Biol. + Soc. Washington, 17:56, March 21, type from Escalon, + Chihuahua. + + 1909. _Peromyscus maniculatus blandus_ Osgood, N. Amer. + Fauna, 28:84, April 17. + + _Distribution in Tamaulipas._--Reported only from Miquihuana + (Osgood, 1909:86). + + +=Peromyscus melanotis= J. A. Allen and Chapman + +Black-eared Mouse + + 1897. _Peromyscus melanotis_ J. A. Allen and Chapman, Bull. + Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 9:203, June 16, type from Las Vigas, + Veracruz. + + _Distribution in Tamaulipas._--Known only from Miquihuana + (Osgood, 1909:112). + + +=Peromyscus leucopus texanus= (Woodhouse) + +White-footed Mouse + + 1853. _Hesperomys texana_ Woodhouse, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. + Philadelphia, 6:242, type probably from vicinity of Mason, + Mason Co., Texas. + + 1909. _Peromyscus leucopus texanus_, Osgood, N. Amer. Fauna, + 28:127, April 17. + + _Distribution in Tamaulipas._--Over all of state. + +This is the most common species of the genus _Peromyscus_ in +Tamaulipas. It and _Liomys irroratus_ are the two rodents most easily +trapped throughout the state. In general _P. l. texanus_ occurs in +forested and brushy areas especially under 1200 feet in elevation, as +was noted in the Sierra de Tamaulipas, where _P. l. texanus_ was taken +commonly at elevations of up to 1200 feet. Above this elevation the +species was rare and _P. pectoralis_ and _P. boylii_ were more abundant +than at lower elevations. The three specimens of _P. l. texanus_ from +12 kilometers north and four kilometers west of Ciudad Victoria were +trapped in a line of 110 traps set near tree stumps. Small burrows in +the ground were noted here. The forest at this locality was composed of +mesquite, ebony, acacias, a few yuccas and "nopales" (= cactuses); the +ground was covered by cat claw. + +Of the many young taken, 15 specimens were saved from Ejido Santa +Isabel where _P. leucopus_ was abundant in an area of chaparral +consisting of wild "tomate," "zapote," "huizache" and "salvadora." Most +of the specimens caught at this locality were taken between 7:30 and +9:30 p. m. in traps baited with a mixture of rolled oats, peanut butter +and banana. Specimens from 53 kilometers north of El Limon were taken +along with _Liomys irroratus_; the specimen from two kilometers west of +El Carrizo was trapped near a dead mesquite log. _Reitrodontomys +fulvescens_ was taken in the same area. Four specimens of _P. leucopus_ +were taken at Rancho Pano Ayuctle, around a big pile of old firewood in +an abandoned sugar mill. At the locality six miles north and six miles +west of Altamira, _P. leucopus_ was found in cultivated fields and +along the grassy roadsides; in the vicinity of Tampico specimens were +taken in an area of forested cactus-thorn. The specimen from seven +kilometers south and two kilometers west of San Fernando was found in a +trap set at the base of "nopal" cactus, which was surrounded by bushes +and small trees (10-12 feet high). + +Breeding records are as follows: Rancho Pano Ayuctle, on February 15, +one female carried 2 embryos of 23 mm. in crown-rump length; Jaumave, +July 26 to 29, five females, averaging 4.6 (3-6) embryos of 7 (3-15) +mm., two females lactating, one on May 25 and the other on July 26; +Ejido Santa Isabel, on January 20 to 25, three females lactating; Soto +la Marina, on May 16, one female lactating. + +Average weights were as follows: from Jaumave four pregnant females, +28.0 (25-33), eight males, 23.4 (21-27); from the Sierra de Tamaulipas, +eight females non-pregnant, 21.2 (18-26), 14 males, 22.0 (19-27); from +6 mi. N, 6 mi. W Altamira, six males, 23.5 (21-27). + +All specimens examined from Tamaulipas are assigned to _P. l. texanus_ +because their coloration is pale. Even so the color varies some +according to locality; specimens from Rancho Pano Ayuctle and the +Sierra de Tamaulipas have much of the cinnamon color that is +characteristic of _P. l. incensus_ from farther south, but even so +specimens from the two localities last mentioned are paler than those +from Veracruz that are typical _incensus_. + +Goldman (1942:158) reported specimens from Altamira as _P. l. +incensus_, in which subspecies Ingles (1959:397) included specimens +from two miles west of Tampico, but specimens examined from the same +area do not differ from individuals from far north thereof; for this +reason I identify specimens from these localities as _texanus_. Osgood +(1909:131) and Hooper (1953:7) also referred specimens from the +southern part of Tamaulipas to _texanus_. These two authors examined +156 specimens and did not find any intergradation between _texanus_ and +_incensus_, but to me, the cinnamon tones of specimens from Rancho Pano +Ayuctle and the Sierra de Tamaulipas, suggest intergradation between +the two subspecies. + +Osgood's (1909:265) measurements of _P. l. texanus_, from Brownsville, +Texas, and those of 40 specimens from different localities in +Tamaulipas are about the same except that the anterior palatine +foramina average longer in Tamaulipas. Baker's (1956:262) specimens +from Coahuila, averaged larger even than Tamaulipan specimens. Another +difference between Osgood's measurements and Baker's was the shorter +3.4 (3.0-3.7) maxillary tooth-row in Tamaulipan specimens. + +Hooper (1953:7) recorded specimens from General Teran, as in +Tamaulipas; actually this locality is in Nuevo Leon. + + _Records of occurrence._--Specimens examined, 149: 4.5 mi. S + Nuevo Laredo, 1; 3 mi. SE Reynosa, 2; 7 km. S, 2 km. W San + Fernando, 1; Villa Mainero, 1700 ft., 1; Rancho Santa Rosa, + 25 km. N, 13 km. W Cd. Victoria, 260 m., 2; 9.5 mi. SW + Padilla, 800 ft., 2; 15 mi. N Cd. Victoria, 2; 4 mi. N La + Pesca, 1; Soto la Marina, 11; La Pesca, 1; 12 km. N, 4 km. W + Cd. Victoria, 3; 7 km. NE Cd. Victoria, 1; Sierra de + Tamaulipas, 10 mi. W, and 2 mi. S Piedra, 1200 ft., 31; + Ejido Eslabones, 10 mi. W, 2 mi. S Piedra, 1200 ft., 6; + Jaumave, 20; Ejido Santa Isabel, 2 km. W Pan-American + Highway, 2000 ft., 15; 53 km. N El Limon, 12 km. S Rio + Guayalejo, 5; Rancho Pano Ayuctle, 25 mi. N El Mante, 3 km. + W Highway, 300 ft., 16; Rancho Pano Ayuctle, 6 mi. N Gomez + Farias, 300 ft., 7; 8 km. W, 10 km. N El Encino, 400 ft., 3; + 8 mi. N Tula, 4500 ft., 2; 2 km. W El Carrizo, 3; 6 mi. N, + 6 mi. W Altamira, 9; 16 km. N Tampico, 1; 7 km. N Tampico, 3. + + Additional records (Osgood, 1909:131, unless otherwise + noted): Nuevo Laredo; Mier; Camargo; near Bagdad; Sierra San + Carlos (Hooper, 1953:7); Matamoros-Victoria Highway + (_ibid._); Charco Escondido (Baird, 1858:464); Hidalgo; Cd. + Victoria; 10 mi. NE Zamorina (Hooper, 1953:7); Gomez Farias + (Goodwin, 1954:12); Chamal (_ibid._); Tula (Hooper, 1953:7); + Antiguo Morelos (_ibid._); Altamira (Goldman, 1942:158); 2 + mi. W Tampico (Ingles, 1959:397); Tampico. + + +=Peromyscus boylii= + +Brush Mouse + +Specimens examined were obtained at higher elevations in the oak-tree +zone of the Sierras in traps set among rocks, trees and in grassy +areas. _Peromyscus boylii_ was trapped in the same area as was _P. +pectoralis_ and no habitat distinction between the two was noted. Some +behavioral differences, however, are pointed out in the account of _P. +pectoralis_. Morphological differences between these two species in +Tamaulipas were reported by Hooper (1952:372). + +A female taken on August 5 in the Sierra Madre Oriental carried two +embryos 15 mm. in crown-rump length. + +For the taxonomic status of _P. boylii_ in Tamaulipas see Alvarez +(1961). + + +=Peromyscus boylii ambiguus= Alvarez + + 1961. _Peromyscus boylii ambiguus_ Alvarez, Univ. Kansas + Publ. Mus. Nat. Hist., 14:118, December 29, type from + Monterrey, Nuevo Leon. + + _Distribution in Tamaulipas._--Known only from the Sierra + San Carlos. + + _Record of occurrence._--Specimens examined, 7 (UMMZ), all + from La Vegonia, Sierra San Carlos. + + +=Peromyscus boylii levipes= Merriam + + 1898. _Peromyscus levipes_ Merriam, Proc. Biol. Soc. + Washington, 12:123, April 30, type from Mt. Malinche, 8400 + ft., Tlaxcala. + + 1909. _Peromyscus boylii levipes_, Osgood, N. Amer. Fauna, + 28:153, April 17. + + _Distribution in Tamaulipas._--Central and southern parts of + state. + +Weights of 19 males and 18 females from the Sierra Madre Oriental are, +respectively, 25.2 (22-30) and 23.6 (20-29); weights of eight males and +five females from the Sierra de Tamaulipas are 24.9 (22-32) and 29.6 +(24-31). + + _Records of occurrence._--Specimens examined, 54: Sierra + Madre Oriental, 8 mi. S, 6 mi. W Victoria, 4000 ft., 37; 5 + mi. S, 3 mi. W Victoria, 1900 ft., 2; Ejido Eslabones, 10 + mi. W, 2 mi. S Piedra, 1200 ft., 1; Sierra de Tamaulipas, 11 + mi. W, 8 mi. S Piedra, 2000 ft., 13; 2 km. W El Carrizo, 1. + + Additional records: Rancho del Cielo (Hooper, 1953:7); 3 mi. + NW Acuna (_ibid._); Rancho Viejo (Goodwin, 1954:12); Santa + Maria (_ibid._); Joya de Salas (_ibid._). + + +=Peromyscus pectoralis= + +White-ankled Mouse + +_Peromyscus pectoralis_ and _P. boylii_ are closely related +morphologically and seem to occupy the same habitat. In the Sierra +Madre Oriental, according to the field notes of the collector +(Heinrich, June 6 to August 5, 1953), individuals of _P. pectoralis_ +had a pinkish coloration on the mouth and forefeet produced by the +juice of the "nopal" cactus fruit, on which obviously the mice feed, +whereas only a few specimens of _boylii_ were thus discolored. It was +noted that _boylii_ was feeding on acorns. Furthermore, the two species +may differ in time of breeding; in August, males of _pectoralis_ had +the testes well developed when those organs were small in _boylii_ +collected at the same locality. + +A specimen from 53 kilometers north of El Limon, was shot at a height +of 10 feet on a concrete underpass. Other specimens were taken in a +trap line that yielded _Peromyscus boylii_, _P. leucopus_ and _Liomys +irroratus_. + +Two subspecies of _P. pectoralis_ occur in Tamaulipas: _P. p. collinus_ +is widely distributed in the central and western parts of the state and +_P. p. eremicoides_ occurs only in the western "corner" of the state. + + +=Peromyscus pectoralis collinus= Hooper + + 1952. _Peromyscus pectoralis collinus_ Hooper, Jour. Mamm., + 33:372, August 19, type from San Jose, 2000 ft., Sierra San + Carlos, 12 mi. NW San Carlos, Tamaulipas. + + _Distribution in Tamaulipas._--Along the central and western + mountains. + +A female obtained on January 21 at a place 53 kilometers north of El +Limon, contained three embryos. A lactating female was taken on August +2 in the Sierra Madre Oriental. Males, as previously noted, had +well-developed testes in August. The weights of 17 males and 20 females +from the Sierra de Tamaulipas were, respectively, 26.6 (24-33), and +25.6 (21-31) grams. + +Measurements of specimens from different localities in Tamaulipas +averaged about the same, except that those of specimens from Palmillas, +averaged smaller. The small size suggests intergradation between the +subspecies _collinus_ and _eremicoides_. The latter occurs to the west +and differs from _collinus_ in smaller size, more grayish coloration, +completely white tarsal joint and relatively longer tail. Hooper +(1952:374) reported specimens from Jaumave as intergrades between the +two subspecies before mentioned and Osgood (1909:164) identified two +specimens from there as _eremicoides_. In the present account, +individuals from Palmillas and Jaumave are referred to _collinus_. + + _Records of occurrence._--Specimens examined, 101: 7 km. SW + La Purisima, 1; Sierra Madre Oriental, 5 mi. S, 3 mi. W + Victoria, 1900 ft., 12; Sierra Madre Oriental, 8 mi. S, 6 + mi. W Victoria, 4000 ft., 16; Sierra de Tamaulipas, 2 mi. S, + 10 mi. W Piedra, 1200 ft., 36; Sierra de Tamaulipas, 3 mi. + S, 14 mi. W Piedra, 1200 ft., 14; 14 mi. N, 6 mi. W + Palmillas, 5500 ft., 1; Palmillas, 4400 ft., 3; 53 km. N El + Limon, 12 km. S Rio Guayalejo, 5; Joya Verde, 35 km. SW + Victoria, 3800 ft., 9; 10 km. N, 8 km. El Encino, 400 ft., + 1; 8 km. NE Antiguo Morelos, 500 ft., 3. + + Additional records (Hooper, 1952:374, unless otherwise + noted): Sierra San Carlos (Marmolejo, 1700 ft., San Jose, + 2000 ft., Tamaulipeca, 1500 ft., La Vegonia, 2900 ft.); + Villagran, 1300 ft.; Cd. Victoria; near Jaumave, 2400 ft.; + Sierra de Tamaulipas, near Acuna, 1600 ft.; La Joya de Salas + (Goodwin, 1954:12). + + +=Peromyscus pectoralis eremicoides= Osgood + + 1904. _Peromyscus attwateri eremicoides_ Osgood, Proc. Biol. + Soc. Washington, 17:60, March 21, type from Mapimi, Durango. + + 1909. _Peromyscus pectoralis eremicoides_, Lyon and Osgood, + Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 62:128, January 28. + + _Distribution in Tamaulipas._--Known only from Miquihuana + and vicinity of Tula. + +The two specimens from Miquihuana are typical _P. pectoralis +eremicoides_ in external and cranial measurements. Specimens from nine +miles southwest of Tula are characteristic of _eremicoides_ in cranial +measurements but the tail is shorter than usual for this subspecies, in +this respect approaching _P. p. lacianus_. + + _Measurements._--Average and extreme measurements of 10 + specimens from nine miles southwest of Tula and measurements + of two males (56169, 56415) from Miquihuana are, + respectively, as follows: 181.5 (173-197), 180, 197; 96.2; + (87-110), 103, 113; 20.2 (19.0-21.5), 21, 21; 18.1 + (16.5-19.0), 18, --; greatest length of skull, 24.8 + (24.1-25.6), 25.5, 25.6; length of nasals, 9.0 (8.6-9.3), + 9.3, 9.3; zygomatic breadth, 12.2 (11.7-12.8), 12.3, 12.9; + interorbital constriction, 3.8 (3.7-4.0), 3.7, 3.9; length + of maxillary tooth-row, 3.6 (3.5-3.7), 3.6, 3.8. Weights of + the 10 specimens from nine miles southwest of Tula average + 17.9 (16-24) grams. + + _Records of occurrence._--Specimens examined, 28: + Miquihuana, 6200 ft., 2; Nicolas, 56 km. NW Tula, 5500 ft., + 1; Tajada, 23 mi. NW Tula, 5200 ft., 1; 8 mi. N Tula, 4500 + ft., 2; 9 mi. SW Tula, 3900 ft., 19; 17 mi. SW Tula, 3900 + ft., 3. + + +=Peromyscus melanophrys consobrinus= Osgood + +Plateau Mouse + + 1904. _Peromyscus melanophrys consobrinus_ Osgood, Proc. + Biol. Soc. Washington, 17:66, March 21, type from + Berriozabal, Zacatecas. + + _Distribution in Tamaulipas._--Mexican Plateau part of + state. + +A lactating female caught on July 20 and four males from Miquihuana +weighed, respectively, 51, and 50.2 (47-54) grams. A female, taken on +July 24, 14 miles north and six miles west of Palmillas in a valley +covered by mesquite and other bushes, had 3 embryos 10 mm. in +crown-rump length, and weighed 60 grams. One specimen from nine miles +southwest of Tula was caught in an outcrop of rocks and two others were +taken among bushes on the desert. A female on October 10 carried 4 +embryos 2 mm. in crown-rump length. + +Specimens of _P. melanophrys_ here listed are the first to be reported +from Tamaulipas. They are assigned to the subspecies _consobrinus_ on +the basis of dark color and because their size closely corresponds to +that of the holotype. The specimen from the vicinity of Palmillas and +one from Miquihuana (56408) are larger than the others and grayish. + +A specimen (56413) from Miquihuana lacks all the molariform teeth. Its +alveoli in one maxilla are closed and those in the opposite maxilla are +more open than is normal. + + _Measurements._--Average and extreme measurements of four + males, two females (56413, 56408) from Miquihuana, and a + female (56414) from 14 miles north and 6 miles west of + Palmillas, are, respectively, as follows: total length (two + males only), 249, 245, 265, 247, 280; length of tail + vertebrae (two males only), 137, 134, 141, 131, 157; length + of hind foot, 26.7 (26-27), 27, 27, 27; ear from notch, 23.7 + (23-24), 25, 24, 25; greatest length of skull, 30.3 + (29.5-31.0), 31.2, 31.8, 32.2; interorbital constriction, + 4.8 (4.7-4.9), 4.9, 4.8, 5.0; length of palatine slits, 6.6 + (6.2-6.8), 6.9, 6.9, 6.8; length of diastema, 8.1 (8.0-8.3), + --, 8.5, 8.5; alveolar length of maxillary tooth-row, 4.5 + (4.3-4.7), --, 4.3, 4.6. + + _Records of occurrence._--Specimens examined, 16: + Miquihuana, 6200 ft., 6; 14 mi. N, 6 mi. W Palmillas, 5500 + ft., 1; Nicolas, 56 km. NW Tula, 5500 ft., 6; 9 mi. SW Tula, + 3900 ft., 3. + + +=Peromyscus difficilis petricola= Hoffmeister and de la Torre + +Zacatecan Deer Mouse + + 1959. _Peromyscus difficilis petricola_ Hoffmeister and de + la Torre, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 72:167, November 4, + type from 12 mi. E San Antonio de las Alazanas, 9000 ft., + Coahuila. + + _Distribution in Tamaulipas._--Westernmost part of state. + +The three specimens from Miquihuana were collected among rocks and +stumps, in an oak forest. The specimens from 20 miles north of Tula +were collected after midnight on a hillside covered mainly with juniper +brush. A female (October 11) carried 3 embryos 26 mm. in crown-rump +length. + + _Records of occurrence._--Specimens examined, 6: Miquihuana, + 8500 ft., 3; 20 mi. N Tula, 5800 ft., 3. + + +=Peromyscus ochraventer= Baker + +El Carrizo Deer Mouse + + 1951. _Peromyscus ochraventer_ Baker, Univ. Kansas Publ., + Mus. Nat. Hist., 5:213, December 15, type from 70 km. (by + highway) S Ciudad Victoria, 6 km. W Pan-American Highway at + El Carrizo, Tamaulipas. + + _Distribution in Tamaulipas._--Vicinity of the type + locality. + +The series of specimens examined was the same used by the original +describer of the species. He (1951:214-215) pointed out that the mice +were taken in junglelike forest among rocks and adjacent to logs. +Burrows extended beneath large blocks of limestone, and each burrow +where a mouse was caught was marked by a pile of excavated earth +resembling a tiny mound left by a pocket gopher. These burrows were at +an elevation of approximately 2800 feet above sea level on the steep +sides of a small hill in an area where the vegetation was intermediate +between that of the arid and humid subdivisions of the tropical region. +Each of two females, captured on January 13, carried five placental +scars; one of the females was lactating. + + _Records of occurrence._--Specimens examined, 24, from the + type locality. + + Additional records (Goodwin, 1954:12): Gomez Farias; Rancho + del Cielo; Joya de Salas. + + +=Baiomys taylori taylori= (Thomas) + +Northern Pygmy Mouse + + 1887. _Hesperomys (Vesperimus) taylori_ Thomas, Ann. Mag. + Nat. Hist., ser. 5, 19:66, January, type from San Diego, + Duval Co., Texas. + + 1907. _Baiomys taylori_ Mearns, U. S. Nat. Mus., Bull. + 56:381, April 13. + + _Distribution in Tamaulipas._--All of state, except + southwestern desert part. + +The species of this genus have been revised recently by Packard (1960) +and the specimens from Tamaulipas are arranged according to his +systematic findings. The weight of 35 specimens labeled with reference +to Altamira are 7.6 (6.0-9.0) grams; 15 from Jaumave weigh 6.9 +(6.0-9.0) grams. Pregnant females were collected as follows: February +22, Ejido Santa Isabel, 3 (embryos x 4 mm. in crown-rump length); March +2, Rancho Pano Ayuctle, 6 x 16; July 9, six miles north and six miles +west of Altamira, 1 x 4; July 28 and 29, Jaumave, 2 x 8 and 3 x 9. The +average number of embryos was 2.8 (1-5). + + _Records of occurrence._--Specimens examined, 83: 4 mi. N La + Pesca, 1; Cd. Victoria, 3; Jaumave, 2400 ft., 17; Ejido + Santa Isabel, 2 km. W Pan-American Highway, 2000 ft., 7; + Rancho Pano Ayuctle, 25 mi. N, 3 km. W El Mante, 300 ft., 4; + Rancho Pano Ayuctle, 6 mi. N Gomez Farias, 300 ft., 1; Rio + Sabinas, 8 km. N El Encino, 400 ft., 1; 2 km. W El Carrizo, + 2; 6 mi. N, 6 mi. W Altamira, 33; 5 mi. N, 5 mi. W Altamira, + 4; 1 mi. S Altamira, 3; 16 km. N Tampico, 4; 10 mi. NW + Tampico, 1; 7 mi. S Altamira, 1; 1 km. N Tampico, 1. + + Additional records (Packard, 1960:654): Camargo; Charco + Escondido, 20 mi. S Reynosa; Matamoras (= Matamoros); + Hidalgo; 29 mi. N Cd. Victoria; Antiguo Morelos. + + +=Onychomys leucogaster longipes= Merriam + +Northern Grasshopper Mouse + + 1889. _Onychomys longipes_ Merriam, N. Amer. Fauna, 2:1, + October 30, type from Concho County, Texas. + + 1913. _Onychomys leucogaster longipes_, Hollister, Proc. + Biol. Soc. Washington, 26:216, December 20. + + _Distribution in Tamaulipas._--From Ciudad Victoria + northward. + +Only a young female was examined; she weighed 22 grams and extends the +known range 59 miles eastward from Ciudad Victoria. + + _Record of occurrence._--One specimen examined from Soto la + Marina, 500 ft. + + Additional records (Hollister, 1914:253): Camargo; Reynosa; + [Cd.] Victoria. + + +=Onychomys torridus subrufus= Hollister + +Southern Grasshopper Mouse + + 1914. _Onychomys torridus subrufus_ Hollister, Proc. U. S. + Nat. Mus., 47:472, October 29, type from Miquihuana, + Tamaulipas. + + _Distribution in Tamaulipas._--West of Sierra Madre + Oriental. + +The six specimens examined were collected in the desert area west of +the Sierra Madre Oriental. At Nicolas a trap set in front of a hole +held one specimen, and another was trapped beneath a brush fence that +inclosed a cornfield. _Dipodomys merriami_ and _Perognathus +penicillatus_ also were trapped beneath the fence. + +A subadult from Nicolas is slightly larger (see measurements) than +either of two subadults from four miles north of Jaumave and an old +specimen from eight miles north of Tula, except in the interorbital +constriction, which is narrower. Nevertheless measurements of +Tamaulipan _Onychomys torridus_ resemble those given by Hollister +(1914:483) for _O. t. subrufus_. A specimen from Nicolas is also darker +than other individuals examined. + +A female taken on July 15, four miles north of Jaumave, was lactating. + + _Measurements._--Measurements of a female from Nicolas, a + male from eight miles north of Tula, and a female and a male + from four miles north of Jaumave are as follows: 158, 147, + 145, 144; 59, 58, 55, 55; 22, 21, 22, 22; 21, 20.5, 18, 18; + condylobasal length, 24.4, 23.1, 23.9, 23.7; interorbital + constriction, 4.1, 4.4, 4.3, 4.5; length of nasals, 10.6, + 10.5, 10.5, 10.1; length of maxillary tooth-row, 3.8, 3.6, + 3.7, 3.7; breadth of braincase, 11.8, 11.3, 11.3, 11.0; + weight in grams, 32.5, 26.0, 25.0, 25.0. + + _Records of occurrence._--Specimens examined, 6: 4 mi. N + Jaumave, 2; Nicolas, 56 km. NW Tula, 5500 ft., 2; Tajada, 23 + mi. NW Tula, 5200 ft., 1; 8 mi. N Tula, 4500 ft., 1. + + Additional records (Hollister, 1914:475): Miquihuana; + Jaumave. + + +=Sigmodon hispidus= + +Hispid Cotton Rat + +This species, as is known, is active by day and by night. It occurs +mainly in grassy areas and most of the specimens examined were trapped +there. But, one mile east of La Pesca, specimens were taken on a beach +having sparse grass. _Neotoma micropus_ and _Spermophilus spilosoma_, +but no smaller rodents, were taken there. Also, many crabs were found +in the traps. Possibly only the relatively large rodents are able to +compete successfully with the crabs. The specimen from one kilometer +east of El Barretal was caught in a rat-trap set in front of small hole +in a fence of dead brush that surrounded a cornfield. The area outside +the fence supported mesquite and ebony trees (10-12 feet high) and the +ground was covered with cat claw. Six miles north and six miles west of +Altamira, the two young specimens were taken on a small grassy island +surrounded by mud. + +According to natives, _Sigmodon_ injures corn and sugar cane. Probably +other species of rodents are responsible for some or all of such damage +since other kinds of rodents were taken in the same areas. + +Dice (1937:245) reported females from the Sierra San Carlos that +carried 8 embryos of 18 mm., 5 x 33, 7 embryos very small, and 8 x 20. +Females were collected on July 22, 29, and 30. + + +=Sigmodon hispidus berlandieri= Baird + + 1855. _Sigmodon berlandieri_ Baird, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. + Philadelphia, 7:333, type from Rio Nazas, Coahuila. + + 1902. _Sigmodon hispidus berlandieri_, V. Bailey, Proc. + Biol. Soc. Washington, 15:106, June 2. + + _Distribution in Tamaulipas._--From Jaumave and Llera to + north. + +This subspecies is distinguished from _S. h. toltecus_ by larger size +and paler, grayish coloration. + +TABLE 3.--DATA ON REPRODUCTION. + +=========================+=============+=========+============= + LOCALITY | Date | Embryos | Size in mm. +-------------------------+-------------+---------+------------- +4 mi. N La Pesca | May 26 | 4 | 30 +Sierra de Tamaulipas | June 10 | 3 | 10 +Sierra de Tamaulipas | June 11 | 4 | 10 +Sierra de Tamaulipas | June 20 | 2 | 20 +Ciudad Victoria | July 12 | 5 | 5 +Jaumave | July 28 | 4 | 14 +Jaumave | July 29 | 6 | 25 +San Fernando | August 30 | 7 | 20 +San Fernando | August 31 | 8 | 11 +Vicinity of Nuevo Laredo | November 15 | 3 | 5 +Vicinity of Nuevo Laredo | November 16 | 5 | 2 +-------------------------+-------------+---------+------------- + +Baker (1951:216) reported a specimen from 35 kilometers north and 10 +kilometers west of Ciudad Victoria (= 1 km. E El Barretal) as _S. h. +toltecus_. Comparison of its skull with those from the vicinity of +Altamira (_S. h. toltecus_) and those from Jaumave (_S. h. +berlandieri_) shows that the skull from El Barretal closely resembles +those from Jaumave, in having the zygomatic arches more nearly +parallel and the braincase more rounded than in skulls from Altamira. +Therefore the specimen from the vicinity of El Barretal is here +assigned to _S. h. berlandieri_. + + _Records of occurrence._--Specimens examined, 64: 4-1/2 mi. + S Nuevo Laredo, 600 ft., 1; 10 mi. S, 11 mi. E Nuevo Laredo, + 8; San Fernando, 180 ft., 8; 4 mi. N La Pesca, 10; 3 mi. N + La Pesca, 1; 1 mi. E La Pesca, 3; Soto la Marina, 500 ft., + 1; 36 km. N, 10 km. W Cd. Victoria, 1 km. E El Barretal, Rio + Purificacion, 1; Cd. Victoria, 1; 2 km. W Pan-American + Highway (12 km. S Llera), Ejido Santa Isabel, 2000 ft., 1; + Jaumave, 2400 ft., 29. + + Additional records: Matamoros (Baird, 1858:506); Sierra San + Carlos (El Mulato, Tamaulipeca, San Miguel) (Dice, + 1937:254); Mesa de Llera (Hooper, 1953:9); Tamaulipas + [state?] (Baird, 1858:506). + + +=Sigmodon hispidus solus= Hall + + 1951. _Sigmodon hispidus solus_ Hall, Univ. Kansas Publ., + Mus. Nat. Hist., 5:42, October 1, type from island 88 mi. S, + 10 mi. W Matamoros, Tamaulipas. + + _Distribution in Tamaulipas._--Known only from two specimens + from the type locality. + + +=Sigmodon hispidus toltecus= (Saussure) + + 1860. [_Hesperomys_] _toltecus_ Saussure, Revue et Mag. + Zool., Paris, ser. 2, 12:98, type from mountains of Veracruz + [probably near Mirador, Dalquest, Louisiana State Univ. + Studies, Biol. Sci. Series, 1:163, December 28, 1953]. + + 1902. _Sigmodon hispidus toltecus_, V. Bailey, Proc. Biol. + Soc. Washington, 15:110, June 2. + + _Distribution in Tamaulipas._--Tropical region in southern + part of state. The specimen reported by Baker (1951:216) + from one mile east of El Barretal is here referred to _S. h. + berlandieri_. + + _Records of occurrence._--Specimens examined, 69: Sierra de + Tamaulipas, 10 mi. W, 2 mi. S Piedra, 1200 ft., 24; Sierra + de Tamaulipas, 11 mi. W, 8 mi. S Piedra, 2000 ft., 1; Rancho + Pano Ayuctle, 25 mi. N El Mante, 3 km. W highway, 300 ft., + 3; Rancho Pano Ayuctle, 6 mi. N Gomez Farias, 300 ft., 3; 8 + km. W, 10 km. N El Encino, 400 ft., 2; 2 km. W El Carrizo, + 2100 ft., 20; 6 mi. N, 6 mi. W Altamira, 8; 6 mi. N, 4 mi. W + Altamira, 1; 5 mi. N, 5 mi. W Altamira, 3; 1 mi. S Altamira, + 1; 16 km. N Tampico, 3. + + Additional records: Rancho del Cielo, 15 to 20 mi. S Mesa de + Llera (Hooper, 1953:9); Cd. Mante (Ingles, 1959:398); + Tampico (Booth, 1957:15). + + +=Neotoma albigula subsolana= Alvarez + +White-throated Woodrat + + 1962. _Neotoma albigula subsolana_ Alvarez, Univ. Kansas + Publ. Mus. Nat. Hist., 14:141, April 30, type from + Miquihuana, 6400 ft., Tamaulipas. + + _Distribution in Tamaulipas._--Western side of Sierra Madre + Oriental. + +At Nicolas specimens were taken in traps set along a thorn fence and at +Tajada two specimens were trapped along a rock wall. At other places +some specimens were brought in by natives who captured the rats by +tearing apart their houses. + +Five females taken on October 18 at Nicolas carried embryos (one to two +per female), which averaged 22.2 (11-45) mm. in crown-rump length. +Another female, taken nine miles southwest of Tula on October 13, +carried 2 embryos that were 35 mm. in crown-rump length. The average +weight of the five pregnant females was 196.7 (183-207) grams. The +average weights of nine adult males and six non-pregnant females from +Miquihuana were, respectively, 215.6 (175-250) and 162.5 (155-175) +grams. + + _Records of occurrence._--Specimens examined, 51: + Miquihuana, 6400 ft., 22; Joya Verde, 35 km. SW Cd. Victoria + (on Jaumave Road) 3800 ft., 2; Nicolas, 56 km. NW Tula, 5500 + ft., 10; Tajada, 23 mi. NW Tula, 5200 ft, 2; 9 mi. SW Tula, + 3900 ft., 15. + + Additional record: Jaumave (Goldman, 1910:37). + + +=Neotoma angustapalata= Baker + +Tamaulipas Wood Rat + + 1951. _Neotoma angustapalata_ Baker, Univ. Kansas Publ., + Mus. Nat. Hist., 5:217, December 15, type from 70 km. by + highway S Ciudad Victoria, and 6 km. W Pan-American highway + at El Carrizo, Tamaulipas. + + _Distribution in Tamaulipas._--Southern part of state; + presently known from two localities. + +Baker (1951:218) reported that specimens from the type locality were +taken in crevices among rocks on a small hillside that supported a +sparse cover of vegetation growing from a deep layer of humus. The +specimen from eight kilometers west and 10 kilometers north of El +Encino was shot about 40 yards from the entrance to a large cave, but +no sign of wood rats were found there. Hooper (1953:9) reported that +_N. angustapalata_ occupied caves at Rancho del Cielo, where a female +with two nursing young was taken. + +When Baker (_op. cit._) described _Neotoma angustapalata_ on the basis +of two specimens from El Carrizo, he assigned the species to the _N. +mexicana_ group because of the deep anterointernal re-entrant angle of +M1. The deep angle found in _N. mexicana_ differs markedly from the +typical condition in either _N. micropus_ or _N. albigula_. Study of +the cranial characters and bacula of specimens of _N. micropus_ and _N. +angustapalata_ tends to corroborate the statement of Hooper (1953:10), +who commented on the taxonomic relationships of _N. angustapalata_ as +follows: "It should be pointed out that all characters considered ... +the specimens [_angustapalata_] appear to be large, deeply pigmented +examples of the species _N. micropus_ notwithstanding the deep anterior +fold in M1. The presence of that deep fold is far from an absolute +character in the _mexicanus_ [_sic_] group." + +My study of 48 crania of _N. micropus_ from Tamaulipas reveals that the +depth of the re-entrant angle of M1 is extremely variable, from almost +absent in some individuals to deep (as in _angustapalata_) in others. +Four specimens, one (56958) from the Sierra de Tamaulipas and three +(56960, 56965, 56966) from the vicinity of Altamira, have the +re-entrant angle as deep as in the holotype and topotype of +_angustapalata_. + +Comparison of the bacula of the holotype and one topotype of +_angustapalata_ with 15 bacula of _N. micropus_ reveal that on the +average the baculum of _angustapalata_ differs from that of _micropus_ +in being longer, and narrower at the base (greatest length, 7.1, width +at base, 3.4 mm., in the topotype). One specimen of _N. micropus +littoralis_ from the vicinity of Altamira, however, has a baculum of +the same shape as in _angustapalata_ (this same specimen is one of the +three from there in which the re-entrant angle of the M1 is deep). The +shape of the baculum among specimens of _micropus_ is highly variable +and bacula of specimens from different localities frequently are +slightly different (see Fig. 5). + +[Illustration: FIG. 5. Bacula of _Neotoma_. All x 4. + +A, _Neotoma angustipalata_ (topotype, 37062). +B, _Neotoma micropus micropus_ (4 mi. SW Nuevo Laredo, 89147). +C, _Neotoma micropus littoralis_ (Sierra de Tamaulipas, 2 mi. S, +10 mi. W Piedra, 56957). +] + +The known distributions of _N. micropus_ and _N. angustapalata_ do not +overlap (neither does the distribution of _N. albigula_ overlap with +either in Tamaulipas). The four specimens of _N. micropus_ having the +deep re-entrant angle in M1 are from localities near where the ranges +of _angustapalata_ and _micropus_ probably meet. This could be +interpreted in two ways: (1) these four specimens can be regarded as +intergrades between _angustapalata_ and _micropus_, in which case the +former species should be placed as a subspecies of the latter. Or the +four specimens, which were collected along with other specimens that +lack deep re-entrant angles in the M1, can be assigned, on the basis of +the deep angle, to _angustapalata_, in which case the species +_micropus_ and _angustapalata_ would be in part sympatric. Until more +material from critical areas is available for study, I continue to +recognize _angustapalata_ as a monotypic species. I agree with Hooper +that it is closely related to _N. micropus_. + + _Measurements._--A female (58865) from 8 km. west and 10 km. + north of El Encino, measured as follows: 404; 198; 41; 32; + greatest length of skull, 49.7; basilar length, 40.8; + zygomatic breadth, 25.9; length of nasals, 18.8; length of + incisive foramina, 10.8; length of maxillary tooth-row, 9.9; + greatest breadth of interpterygoid space, 4.0. + + _Records of occurrence._--Specimens examined, 3: 8 km. W, 10 + km. N El Encino, 400 ft., 1; type locality, 2. + + +=Neotoma micropus= + +Southern Plains Wood Rat + +Most of the specimens examined were trapped in brushy areas. On the +Sierra de Tamaulipas, wood rats were caught in steel traps set near or +between rocks. In the vicinity of La Pesca, specimens were trapped on +the beach where _Spermophilus spilosoma_ and _Sigmodon hispidus_ were +taken also. + +Two females, obtained on May 19 and June 10 at Soto la Marina and on +the Sierra de Tamaulipas, respectively, each carried 2 embryos that +were 40 mm. in crown-rump length. Dice (1937:254) reported that two +females collected on July 24 and August 16 on the Sierra San Carlos +each carried 2 embryos that ranged from 34 to 36 mm. in crown-rump +length. + +_Neotoma micropus_ occurs throughout the Tamaulipan Biotic Province and +is represented in Tamaulipas by two subspecies, each of which has its +type locality in the state. Intergradation between the two takes place +at Soto la Marina. + + +=Neotoma micropus littoralis= Goldman + + 1905. _Neotoma micropus littoralis_ Goldman, Proc. Biol. + Soc. Washington, 18:31, February 2, type from Altamira, 100 + ft., Tamaulipas. + + _Distribution in Tamaulipas._--From the Sierra de Tamaulipas + southward. + +Weight of two males and three non-pregnant females was 248, 254, 185, +210, 240 grams, respectively. + + _Records of occurrence._--Specimens examined, 14: Sierra de + Tamaulipas, 2 mi. S, 10 mi. W Piedra, 1200 ft., 6; 6 mi. N, + 6 mi. W Altamira, 8. + + Additional record: Altamira (Goldman, 1910:29). + + +=Neotoma micropus micropus= Baird + + 1855. _Neotoma micropus_ Baird, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. + Philadelphia, 7:333, April, type from Charco Escondido, + Tamaulipas. + + _Distribution in Tamaulipas._--From Soto la Marina + northward. + +The weight of five males and four females from Soto la Marina averaged, +respectively, 256.4 (210-317) and 233.0 (195-274) grams. + +A specimen (56924) from La Pesca differs from all other specimens of +_N. micropus_ examined in being smaller, having a conspicuously shorter +rostrum, broader intraorbital canal, and lower broader braincase. +External measurements of this specimen are as follows: 347; 155; 39; +--. Its cranial measurements are: greatest length, 44.8; basilar +length, 34.3; zygomatic breadth, 23.6; interorbital constriction, 6.2; +incisive foramina, 6.5; length of maxillary tooth-row, 8.7; width of +mesopterygoid fossa, 4.1. + + _Records of occurrence._--Specimens examined, 58: 4 mi. SW + Nuevo Laredo, 900 ft., 14; 4-1/2 mi. S Nuevo Laredo, 1; 3 + mi. SE Reynosa, 1; 3 mi. S Matamoros, 2; 33 mi. S Washington + Beach, 1; San Fernando, 180 ft., 1; 7 km. S, 2 km. W San + Fernando, 2; 12 mi. NW San Carlos, 1300 ft., 4; 9-1/2 mi. SW + Padilla, 800 ft., 3; 3 mi. N Soto la Marina, 3; Soto la + Marina, 500 ft., 12; 4 mi. N La Pesca, 3; 1 mi. E La Pesca, + 1; La Pesca, 2; 3 mi. NE Guemes, 1; 7 mi. NE Cd. Victoria, + 1; Cd. Victoria, 6. + + Additional records (Goldman, 1910:28, unless otherwise + noted): Nuevo Laredo; 10 mi. S Nuevo Laredo (Booth, + 1957:15); Camargo; Matamoros; Bagdad; 40 mi. S Matamoros + (Hooper, 1953:9); Sierra San Carlos (El Mulato, Tamaulipeca) + (Dice, 1937:254); San Fernando (J. A. Allen, 1891:224); + Forlon. + + +=Microtus mexicanus subsimus= Goldman + +Mexican Vole + + 1938. _Microtus mexicanus subsimus_ Goldman, Jour. Mamm., + 19:494, November 14, type from Sierra Guadalupe, + southeastern Coahuila. + + _Distribution in Tamaulipas._--Reported only from mountains + near Miquihuana (Goldman, 1938:495). + + +=Canis latrans= + +Coyote + +In Tamaulipas two and possibly three subspecies of _Canis latrans_ +occur. _C. l. texensis_ is known only from the northwesternmost part of +the state, and _C. l. microdon_ occurs from Camargo south to Nicolas. +Hall and Kelson (1959:845) guessed that _C. l. cagottis_ would be found +in the southern third of the state; as yet specimens from there have +not been obtained and the subspecific identity of the coyotes there, if +any are present, remains in doubt. + + +=Canis latrans microdon= Merriam + + 1897. _Canis microdon_ Merriam, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, + 11:29, March 15, type from Mier, on Rio Grande, Tamaulipas. + + 1932. _Canis latrans microdon_, Nelson, Proc. Biol. Soc. + Washington, 45:224, November 26. + + _Distribution in Tamaulipas._--Probably state-wide, reported + only from the northern half of the state. + +Three specimens were examined. One is a pup from the vicinity of +Padilla which is assigned to this subspecies on geographic grounds. The +other two are skins, collected at Nicolas by natives, who deceived the +collector by providing dog skulls with the coyote skins. These two +specimens are referred to _C. l. microdon_ on the basis of their dark +color and dusky shading on the throat and chest. One has a rufous +over-all color and the other is ochraceous yellowish. This difference +in color suggests intergradation at this place between _C. l. microdon_ +that ranged to the northeast, _C. l. cagottis_ to the south, and +probably with _C. l. impavidus_ distributed to the west. + + _Records of occurrence._--Specimens examined, 3: 9-1/2 mi. + SW Padilla, 800 ft., 1; Nicolas, 53 km. N Tula, 2. + + Additional record: Camargo (Jackson, 1951:305); 20 mi. W + Reynosa (Ingles, 1959:401); Matamoros (Jackson, 1951:305); + Bagdad (_ibid._); Sierra San Carlos (San Miguel, El Mulato) + (Dice, 1937:251). + + +=Canis latrans texensis= V. Bailey + + 1905. _Canis nebrascensis texensis_ V. Bailey, N. Amer. + Fauna, 25:175, October 24, type from 45 mi. SW Corpus + Christi at Santa Gertrudis, Kleberg Co., Texas. + + 1932. _Canis latrans texensis_ V. Bailey, N. Amer. Fauna, + 53:312, March 11. + + _Distribution in Tamaulipas._--Extreme northwest, known only + from Nuevo Laredo (Jackson, 1951:279). + + +=Canis lupus monstrabilis= Goldman + +Gray Wolf + + 1937. _Canis lupus monstrabilis_ Goldman, Jour. Mamm., + 18:42, February 11, type from 10 mi. S Rankin, Upton Co., + Texas. + + _Distribution in Tamaulipas._--Probably extinct, recorded + only from Matamoros (Goldman, 1944:468). + +On the maps of distribution of _C. l. monstrabilis_ published by +Leopold (1959:400) and Baker and Villa (1960:370), Tamaulipas is +included in the region in which the wolf is considered to be extinct. + + +=Urocyon cineroargenteus scottii= Mearns + +Gray Fox + + 1891. _Urocyon virginianus scottii_ Mearns, Bull. Amer. Mus. + Nat. Hist., 3:236, June 5, type from Pinal Co., Arizona. + + 1895. _Urocyon cinereo-argenteus scottii_, J. A. Allen, + Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 7:253, June. + + _Distribution in Tamaulipas._--All of state in suitable + habitats. + +The specimen from the Sierra Madre Oriental was obtained by a collector +who used a rabbit call. Leopold (1959:408) reported that the highest +elevation [about 2800 feet] at which he found gray fox in Mexico was at +Hacienda de Acuna, in the Sierra de Tamaulipas, where "dense, brushy +draws and oak openings made ideal habitat." At this place Leopold saw, +in early August, a family of foxes, four well-grown young and their +parents. Dice (1937:250) reported _U. c. texensis_ (a junior synonym of +_U. c. scottii_), as abundant in the Sierra San Carlos. + +The six specimens examined do not present any significant difference in +size and shape of the skull from specimens of _scottii_ from Arizona, +except that one skull from the Sierra de Tamaulipas is smaller than the +others, suggesting intergradation between the subspecies _scottii_ and +_tropicalis_ from farther south. + + _Records of occurrence._--Specimens examined, 6: 2 mi. W San + Fernando, 180 ft., 1; 15 km. W Rancho Santa Rosa, Sierra + Madre Oriental, 4500 ft., 1; Ejido Santa Isabel, 2000 ft., + 1; Sierra de Tamaulipas, 2 mi. S, 10 mi. W Piedra, 1200 ft., + 2; Joya Verde, 35 km. SW Victoria, 3800 ft., 1. + + Additional records: Near Marmolejo, San Carlos Mts. (Dice, + 1937:250); Hacienda Acuna, Sierra de Tamaulipas (Leopold, + 1959:408, only seen); La Joya de Salas (Goodwin, 1954:14). + + +=Ursus americanus eremicus= Merriam + +Black Bear + + 1904. _Ursus americanus eremicus_ Merriam, Proc. Biol. Soc. + Washington, 17:154, October 6, type from Sierra Guadalupe, + Coahuila. + + _Distribution in Tamaulipas._--Probably in high and remote + parts of the Sierra Madre Oriental; recorded only from Agua + Linda (Goodwin, 1954:14). + + +=Bassariscus astutus flavus= Rhoads + +Ringtail + + 1894. _Bassariscus astutus flavus_ Rhoads, Proc. Acad. Nat. + Sci. Philadelphia, 45:417, January 30, type from Texas, + exact locality unknown. + + _Distribution in Tamaulipas._--Western half of state. + +The two specimens examined provide the second record of this species in +Tamaulipas; they were shot in the bottom of an arid canyon. One animal +was about 30 feet up from the ground in an oak tree, and the other was +along a small arroyo containing pools of water. + +From Rhoads' paper (1893:416-417) on the genus _Bassariscus_ it would +seem that _B. astutus flavus_ differs from _B. a. astutus_ in smaller +size, especially of the skull, shorter tail (shorter than head and body +in _flavus_ and longer than head and body in _astutus_) and the +presence of fulvous color. Comparison of 10 specimens of _B. a. flavus_ +from Coahuila and Texas with two of _B. a. astutus_ (Distrito Federal, +1; Las Vigas, Veracruz, 1) from central Mexico reveals that the skulls +do not differ qualitatively and that the skull of _flavus_ tends to be +smaller and relatively wider, but that there is overlap in size. In all +_flavus_ that I measured and in the two adults of _astutus_ the tail is +shorter than the head and body. The only real difference is the color; +ringtails from Texas are deep fulvous instead of grayish as is +_astutus_ from the Distrito Federal and Veracruz. But the specimen from +Veracruz has much fulvous and on the other hand specimens from Coahuila +are more grayish than those from Texas. + +The two specimens from Tamaulipas can be assigned to either subspecies +_astutus_ or _flavus_ with almost equal propriety. Here they are +referred to _B. a. flavus_ on the basis of their relatively small +skull, short tail, and presence of some fulvous color. + + _Measurements._--Measurements of female and male (60239, + 60240), both adult, from Joya Verde, are, respectively: 745, + 760; 370, 385; 70, 75; 47, 56; greatest length of skull + (excluding incisors), 81.9, 83.1; zygomatic breadth, 46.1, + 51.9; interorbital constriction, 16.3, 16.3; postorbital + constriction, 19.5, 18.5; breadth of braincase, 33.7, 36.6; + length of maxillary tooth-row, 31.5, 32.0; breadth across + postorbital processes (tip to tip), 25.3, 26.8. + + _Records of occurrence._--Two specimens examined from Joya + Verde, 35 km. SW Victoria, 3800 ft. + + Additional record: Joya de Salas (Goodwin, 1954:14). + + +=Procyon lotor= + +Racoon + +Racoons occur all through the state. The one specimen examined was shot +about 11:00 p. m. in a cypress tree. Its mouth contained fresh corn. +The animal was notably fat and weighed 11 pounds. According to the +natives the racoons do much damage in cornfields. + + +=Procyon lotor fuscipes= Mearns + + 1914. _Procyon lotor fuscipes_ Mearns, Proc. Biol. Soc. + Washington, 27:63, March 20, type from Las Moras Creek, 1011 + ft., Fort Clark, Kinney Co., Texas. + + _Distribution in Tamaulipas._--Practically all of state, + except western part. + + _Records_ (Goldman, 1950:51, unless otherwise noted): + Camargo; Matamoros; Bagdad; Marmolego; Camp 2 (= 73 mi. S + Washington Beach, Selander _et al._, 1962:338, recorded only + two species); Gomez Farias (Goodwin, 1954:14); Altamira. + + +=Procyon lotor hernandezii= Wagler + + 1831. _Pr[ocyon]. hernandezii_ Wagler, Isis von Oken, + 24:514, type from Tlalpan, Valley of Mexico. + + 1890. _Procyon lotor hernandezi_, J. A. Allen, Bull. Amer. + Mus. Nat. Hist., 3:176, December 10. + + _Distribution in Tamaulipas._--Western part of state; known + only from Rancho Santa Rosa. + +The specimen examined is identified as _P. l. hernandezii_ because the +animal differs from specimens of _P. l. fuscipes_ from southern Texas +and Coahuila in the same way that Goldman (1950:50) noted that _P. l. +hernandezii_ differs from _P. l. fuscipes_. For example, in the +specimen from Rancho Santa Rosa the interorbital region is lower, the +braincase is less depressed near the fronto-parietal suture, the +postorbital process is longer and more pointed, and the upper +carnassial is longer. The color is the same as in specimens of +_fuscipes_ from Texas except that the postauricular spot is smaller, +and the ground color is slightly more grayish. The median dorsal area +is black, forming a longitudinal band about 3 cm. wide. + + _Record of occurrence._--One specimen examined from Rancho + Santa Rosa, 25 km. N, 13 km. W Cd. Victoria. + + +=Nasua narica molaris= Merriam + +Coati + + 1902. _Nasua narica molaris_ Merriam, Proc. Biol. Soc. + Washington, 15:68, March 22, type from Manzanillo, Colima. + + _Distribution in Tamaulipas._--Over all of state. + +A male and female, both adults, from the same locality in the Sierra de +Tamaulipas weighed, respectively, 3,150 grams and 4,836 grams. Three +young from the same place weighed 2,250, 2,250, and 2,650 grams. + + _Records of occurrence._--Specimens examined, 7: Sierra de + Tamaulipas, 10 mi. W, 2 mi. S Piedra, 1200 ft., 5; Rancho + Pano Ayuctle, 25 mi. N El Mante, 3 km. W Pan-American + Highway, 2200 ft., 1; 2 km. W El Carrizo, 1. + + Additional records: Sierra San Carlos (San Jose, El Mulato) + (Dice, 1937:249); Soto la Marina (Goldman, 1942:81); Cd. + Victoria (_ibid._); 10 mi. NE Zamorina (Hooper, 1953:3); 3 + mi. NW Acuna (_ibid._); 19 km. SW Mante (Davis, 1944:381). + + +=Potos flavus aztecus= Thomas + +Kinkajou + + 1902. _Potos flavus aztecus_ Thomas, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., + ser. 7, 9:268, April, type from Atoyac, Veracruz. + + _Distribution in Tamaulipas._--Uncertain; one specimen was + seen by Leopold (1959:437) near Acuna. + + +=Mustela frenata= + +Long-tailed Weasel + +This species occurs in practically all of the state, but as in most +other areas actual records are few; only two specimens, both males, +have been examined. One was taken at Jaumave, in a steel-trap baited +with fresh egg. It weighed 325 grams. The other was taken in the +vicinity of Altamira and weighed 434 grams. + +Two subspecies have been reported from Tamaulipas; _Mustela frenata +frenata_ that occurs in the central and northern parts of the state and +_M. f. tropicalis_ that occurs in the tropical area in the southern +part of the state. + + +=Mustela frenata frenata= Lichtenstein + + 1831. _Mustela frenata_ Lichtenstein, Darstellung neuer oder + wenig bekannter Saeugethiere ..., pl. 42 and corresponding + text, unpaged, type from Ciudad Mexico, Mexico. + + 1877. _Putorius mexicanus_ Coues, Fur-bearing animals, U. S. + Geol. Surv. Territories, Misc. Publ., 8:42, a _nomen nudum_ + [cited by Coues in synonymy as "_Putorius mexicanus_, + Berlandier, MMS. ic. ined. 4 (Tamaulipas and Matamoras)"]. + + _Distribution in Tamaulipas._--Central and northern parts of + state. + +The specimen from Jaumave is clearly _M. f. frenata_, but the other +from northwest of Altamira has many characters of the subspecies _M. f. +tropicalis_ and is an intergrade between the two subspecies. In cranial +features and in measurements the animal is like _frenata_. For example: +least width of palate more than length of P4; distance between anterior +border of auditory bulla and foramen ovale equal to the width of four +(including I3) upper incisors; depth of tympanic bulla less than +distance between it and foramen ovale; length of tail amounting to 82 +per cent of length of head and body. The coloration is more nearly like +that of _tropicalis_. For example, the region between the ears and the +region behind the ears as far as the shoulders is almost black; hairs +of the soles of the forefeet are of the same color as in _tropicalis_. +But, width of the whitish underparts amounts to 53 per cent of the +circumference of the body; in this respect the specimen is like +_frenata_. I refer the specimen to _frenata_ because, to me, it is +slightly more nearly like it. + + _Measurements._--The male from 6 mi. N, 6 mi. W Altamira + affords measurements as follows: 500; 226; 53; 23; basilar + length (Hensel), 49.5; breadth of rostrum, 14.3; + interorbital constriction, 11.9; orbitonasal length, 15.2; + mastoid breadth, 27.2; zygomatic breadth, 32.4; tympanic + bullae, length, 16.8; breadth, 7.5; length of m1, 5.7; P4, + lateral length, 5.4, medial, 5.8; M1, breadth, 4.6, length, + 2.4; depth of skull at anterior edge of basioccipital, 14.7. + + _Records of occurrence._--Specimens examined, 2: Jaumave, + 2400 ft., 1; 6 mi. N, 6 mi. W Altamira, 1. + + Additional records (Hall, 1951:347): Matamoros; Miquihuana. + + +=Mustela frenata tropicalis= (Merriam) + + 1896. _Putorius tropicalis_ Merriam, N. Amer. Fauna, 11:30, + June 30, type from Jico, Veracruz. + + _Distribution in Tamaulipas._--Tropical area in south part + of state; reported only from 50 mi. south of Ciudad Victoria + (Hall, 1951:366). + + +=Eira barbara senex= (Thomas) + +Tayra + + 1900. _Galictis barbara senex_ Thomas, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., + ser. 7, 5:146, January, type from Hacienda Tortugas, + approximately 600 ft., Jalapa, Veracruz. + + 1951. _Eira barbara senex_, Hershkovitz, Fieldiana-Zool., + 31:561, July 10. + + _Distribution in Tamaulipas._--Known only from Pano Ayuctle + (Hooper, 1953:4). + + +=Taxidea taxus= + +Badger + +The badger in Tamaulipas is poorly known because only a few specimens +have been reported from the state. I have examined only two; one is +the skull of a juvenile picked up in the sea along the barrier beach +and the other is the skull of an adult male taken in a steel-trap +baited with a bird body and rabbit meat. The trap was set in front of a +hole in the semidesert area 12 miles south of San Carlos. + +On their map 471 Hall and Kelson (1959:927) show a total of five +subspecies of _Taxidea taxus_. They include the northern part of +Tamaulipas in the geographic range of _T. t. berlandieri_. On page 926 +Hall and Kelson (_op. cit._) list ten additional subspecies described +by Schantz. One of them _T. t. littoralis_ (Schantz, 1949:301) was +based on specimens from southeastern Texas and Matamoros, Tamaulipas. +Of the two specimens examined by me the one from the barrier beach is +here assigned to _T. l. littoralis_ on geographic grounds, and the +other one from the vicinity of San Carlos to _T. l. berlandieri_. + + +=Taxidea taxus berlandieri= Baird + + 1858. _Taxidea berlandieri_ Baird, Mammals, in Repts. Expl. + Surv. ..., 8(1):205, July 14, type from Llano Estacado, + Texas, near boundary of New Mexico. + + 1895. _Taxidea taxus berlandieri_, J. A. Allen, Bull. Amer. + Mus. Nat. Hist., 7:256, June 29. + + _Distribution in Tamaulipas._--Reported from only one + locality, in northwestern part of state. + +The skull examined, of an adult male, differs from Coahuilan and New +Mexican skulls in having a broad rostrum, better developed sagittal and +lambdoidal crests, and smaller tympanic bullae. The measurements are +greater than those given by Schantz (1949:302) for _T. l. littoralis_ +and it is for that reason that the skull examined is assigned to _T. l. +berlandieri_. + + _Measurements._--The adult male measured as follows: 710; + 115; 110; 55; condylobasal length, 123.1; zygomatic breadth, + 81.1; mastoid breadth, 75.5; interorbital constriction, + 29.3; least postorbital constriction, 27.6; length of + maxillary tooth-row, 42.7; P4, length, 11.9, width, 10.7; + M1, length, 11.7, width, 11.7; tympanic bulla, length, 23.3, + depth (from basioccipital), 12.8. + + _Record of occurrence._--One specimen examined from 12 mi. S + San Carlos, 1300 ft. + + +=Taxidea taxus littoralis= Schantz + + 1949. _Taxidea taxus littoralis_ Schantz, Jour. Mamm., + 30:301, August 17, type from Corpus Christi, Nueces Co., + Texas. + + _Distribution in Tamaulipas._--Known only from two + localities in northeastern part of state. + + _Records of occurrence._--One specimen examined from 33 mi. + S Washington Beach. + + Additional record: Matamoros (Schantz, 1949:302). + + +=Spilogale putorius interrupta= (Rafinesque) + +Eastern Spotted Skunk + + 1820. _Mephitis interrupta_ Rafinesque, Ann. Nat. ..., 1:3. + Type locality, Upper Missouri River?. + + 1952. _Spilogale putorious interrupta_, McCarley, Texas + Jour. Sci., 4:108, March 30. + + _Distribution in Tamaulipas._--From Sierra de Tamaulipas + northward. + +The young male from La Pesca weighed 480 grams. In the Sierra de +Tamaulipas a lactating female was taken (June 9) in a steel trap. A +young male from there weighed 275 grams. The young male from three +miles north of La Pesca weighed 520 grams. + +Specimens from Tamaulipas are assigned to the subspecies _interrupta_ +following Van Gelder (1959:270-279). He regarded specimens from +Tamaulipas as intergrades between _S. p. interrupta_ and _S. p. +leucoparia_. + + _Records of occurrence._--Specimens examined, 6: 9-1/2 mi. + SW Padilla, 1; 3 mi. N La Pesca, 1; La Pesca, 1; Rancho + Santa Rosa, 2 km. N, 13 km. W Cd. Victoria, 260 m., 1; + Sierra de Tamaulipas, 2 mi. S, 10 mi. W Piedra, 1200 ft., 2. + + Additional records (Van Gelder, 1959:279): "Tamaulipas"; Cd. + Victoria. + + +=Mephitis mephitis varians= Gray + +Striped Skunk + + 1837. _Mephitis varians_ Gray, Charlesworth's Mag. Nat. + Hist., 1:581. Type locality, Texas. + + 1936. _Mephitis mephitis varians_, Hall, Carnegie Inst. + Washington, Publ., 473:66, November 20. + + _Distribution in Tamaulipas._--North half of state. + + _Measurements._--An adult female from San Fernando measured + as follows: 710; 360; 70; 30; basilar length, 56.2; + condylobasal length, 64.2; zygomatic breadth, 41.3; + interorbital constriction, 19.0; length of maxillary + tooth-row, 20.7. + + _Records of occurrence._--One specimen examined from San + Fernando, 180 ft. + + Additional records: Mier (A. H. Howell, 1901:32); Matamoros + (_ibid._); 2 mi. up stream from Marmolejo (Dice, 1937:250). + + +=Mephitis macroura macroura= Lichtenstein + +Hooded Skunk + + 1832. _Mephitis macroura_ Lichtenstein, Darstellung neuer + oder wenig bekannter Saeugethiere ..., pl. 46, type from + mountains northwest of the city of Mexico. + + 1877. _Mephitis edulis_ Coues, Berlandier Mss., Fur-bearing + Animals: ..., U. S. Geol. Surv. Territories, Miscl. Publ., + 8:236. Type locality, "Inhabits most of Mexico. I have found + it around San Fernando de Bexar...." + + _Distribution in Tamaulipas._--West of Sierra Madre + Oriental. + +The two specimens from Jaumave are young; they were taken on different +nights but in the same place. Weights of male and female, +respectively, are 195 and 290 grams. The other three specimens, two +young and an adult male, were brought to the collector (Bodley) by +natives. + + _Records of occurrence._--Specimens examined, 5: San + Fernando, 180 ft., 2; Jaumave, 2400 ft., 2; Nicolas, 56 km. + NW Tula, 5500 ft., 1. + + +=Conepatus mesoleucus mearnsi= Merriam + +Hog-nosed Skunk + + 1902. _Conepatus mesoleucus mearnsi_ Merriam, Proc. Biol. + Soc. Washington, 15:163, August 6, type from Mason, Mason + Co., Texas. + + _Distribution in Tamaulipas._--Probably western part of + state, but presently known only from Nicolas. + +The specimens herein assigned to this species, represented by the skull +only, differ conspicuously from those assigned to _C. leuconotus_ only +in breadth of M1. + + _Measurements._--Measurements of a skull (sex undetermined) + from Nicolas are as follows: condylobasal length, 77.1; + zygomatic breadth, 52.9; postorbital constriction, 21.1; + mastoid breadth, 43.7; length of maxillary tooth-row, 23.4; + breadth of M1, 7.1. + + _Records of occurrence._--Two specimens examined from + Nicolas, 56 km. NW Tula, 5500 ft. + + +=Conepatus leuconotus texensis= Merriam + +Eastern Hog-nosed Skunk + + 1902. _Conepatus leuconotus texensis_ Merriam, Proc. Biol. + Soc. Washington, 15:162, August 6, type from Brownsville, + Cameron Co., Texas. + + _Distribution in Tamaulipas._--State-wide, except western + part. + +Three specimens are assigned to this species on the basis of the +breadth of M1. In comparison with skulls from the type locality, those +of Tamaulipan specimens are slightly smaller and narrower. + + _Measurements._--Some cranial measurements of a male adult + (old) from ten miles west and two miles south of Piedra are: + condylobasal length, 79.0; zygomatic breadth, 52.3; + postorbital constriction, 22.0; mastoid breadth, 44.2; + length of maxillary tooth-row, 24.4; breadth of M1, 9.3. + + _Records of occurrence._--Specimens examined, 2: La Pesca, + 1; Ejido Eslabones, 10 mi. W, 2 mi. S Piedra, 1200 ft., 1. + + Additional record: Near El Mulato (Dice, 1937:250). + + +=Felis concolor stanleyana= Goldman + +Puma + + 1938. _Felis concolor stanleyana_ Goldman, Proc. Biol. Soc. + Washington, 51:63, March 18 (renaming of _F. c. youngi_ + Goldman, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 49:137, August 22, + type from Bruni Ranch, near Bruni, Webb Co., Texas). + + _Distribution in Tamaulipas._--Restricted to mountains of + state. + +The two specimens examined are skulls only, which were picked up in the +field. In general the measurements are like those given by Goldman +(1946:233) for the males of _Felis concolor stanleyana_. But the skull +from Miquihuana yielded measurements that suggest intergradation +between _F. c. stanleyana_ and _F. c. azteca_ of the western mountains +of Tamaulipas. + + _Measurements._--Two skulls, one from Miquihuana and the + second from 9-1/2 mi. SW Padilla, yield measurements as + follows: greatest length, 214.0, 213.0; condylobasal length, + 195.0, 190.0; zygomatic breadth, 146.0, 140.1; height of + skull (frontals to palate), 70.0, 72.4; interorbital + constriction, 41.6, 41.4; breadth of nasals (at posterior + union between premaxilla and maxilla), 20.1, 17.9; length of + maxillary tooth-row, 62.7, 63.3; crown length of P3, 23.3, + ----; breadth of P3, 11.9, 12.2; anteroposterior diameter of + upper canine, 15.1, 15.3. + + _Records of occurrence._--Specimens examined, 2: 9-1/2 mi. + SW Padilla, 800 ft., 1; Miquihuana, 6400 ft., 1. + + Additional records: Matamoros (Goldman, 1946:234); Zamorina + (Hooper, 1953:4). + + +=Felis onca veraecrucis= Nelson and Goldman + +Jaguar + + 1933. _Felis onca veraecrucis_ Nelson and Goldman, Jour. + Mamm., 14:236, August 17, type from San Andres Tuxtla, + Veracruz. + + _Distribution in Tamaulipas._--Originally all of state; now + restricted to sparsely populated areas. + +Only one cranium, from the Sierra de Tamaulipas, was examined. It is in +good condition but lacks all the teeth except P3 and P4 on the right +side. The measurements are larger than those given by Goodwin (1954:15) +for a skull from five miles north of Gomez Farias. + + _Measurements._--The cranium, sex undetermined, from the + Sierra de Tamaulipas, affords measurements as follows: + greatest length, 238.0; condylobasal length, 204.0; + zygomatic breadth, 166.0; breadth of rostrum, 66.1; + interorbital constriction, 48.2; mastoid breadth, 100.7; + crown length of carnassial, 24.1. + + _Records of occurrence._--One specimen examined from Sierra + de Tamaulipas, 2 mi. S, 10 mi. W Piedra. + + Additional records: between Aldama and Soto la Marina + (Nelson and Goldman, 1933:237); 5 km. N Gomez Farias + (Goodwin, 1954:15). + + +=Felis pardalis albescens= Pucheran + +Ocelot + + 1855. _Felis albescens_ Pucheran, in I. Geoffroy + Saint-Hilaire, Mammiferes, in Petit-Thoaurs, Voyage autor du + monde sur ... _la Venus_ ..., Zoologie, p. 149, type + locality, Arkansas. + + 1906. _Felis pardalis albescens_, J. A. Allen, Bull. Amer. + Mus. Nat. Hist., 22:219, July 25. + + _Distribution in Tamaulipas._--All of state, except part + west of Sierra Madre Oriental. + +Hall and Kelson (1959:961) reported from Tamaulipas two subspecies of +_Felis pardalis_. According to Goldman (1943:379) the more northern of +the two, _F. p. albescens_, is smaller than the more southern one, _F. +p. pardalis_. The skull examined, of a young female, from 10 miles +north of Altamira, in southern Tamaulipas, is small, smaller even than +skulls of _albescens_ from Texas used in comparison. For this reason I +here assign the specimen examined to _F. p. albescens_ instead of _F. +p. pardalis_ as did Hall and Kelson (_op. cit._). Hooper (1953:4) and +Dice (1937:251) report as _F. p. pardalis_ specimens from 10 miles +northeast of Zamorina and others from the Sierra San Carlos. I assume +that specimens from these two places should be referred to _albescens_ +since the specimen from 10 miles north of Altamira, the southernmost +locality represented in Tamaulipas, is here referred to _albescens_. + + _Measurements._--Skull, from 10 mi. N of Altamira, measured + as follows: condylobasal length, 97.3; zygomatic breadth, + 77.6; squamosal constriction, 50.5; interorbital + constriction, 22.2; postorbital constriction, 32.1; length + of maxillary tooth-row, 34.7; length of upper carnassial + crown (outer side), 13.6. + + _Records of occurrence._--One specimen examined, from 10 mi. + N Altamira. + + Additional records: Matamoros (Goldman, 1943:379); Sierra + San Carlos (El Mulato and San Jose) (Dice, 1937:251); Soto + la Marina (Goldman, 1943:379); 10 mi. NE Zamorina (Hooper, + 1934:4). + + +=Felis wiedii oaxacensis= Nelson and Goldman + +Margay + + 1931. _Felis glaucula oaxacensis_ Nelson and Goldman, Jour. + Mamm., 12:303, August 24, type from Cerro San Felipe, 10,000 + ft., near Oaxaca, Oaxaca. + + 1943. _Felis wiedii oaxacensis_, Goldman, Jour. Mamm., + 24:383, August 17. + + _Distribution in Tamaulipas._--Probably along Sierra Madre + Oriental; known only from Rancho del Cielo (Goodwin, + 1954:15). + + +=Felis yaguaroundi cacomitli= Berlandier + +Yaguaroundi + + 1895. _Felis cacomitli_ Berlandier, _in_ Baird, Mammals of + the boundary, _in_ Emory, Rept. U. S. and Mexican boundary + survey 2(2):12, January, type from Matamoros, Tamaulipas. + + 1905. _Felis yaguaroundi cacomitli_, Elliot, Field Columb. + Mus. Publ. 105, Zool. Ser., 6:370, December 6. + + 1901. _Felis apache_ Mearns, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, + 14:150, August 9, type from Matamoros, Tamaulipas. + + _Distribution in Tamaulipas._--Eastern and northern parts of + Sierra Madre Oriental; known only from type locality and + near Gomez Farias (Goodwin, 1954:15). + + +=Lynx rufus texensis= J. A. Allen + +Bobcat + + 1895. _Lynx texensis_ J. A. Allen, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. + Hist., 7:188, June 20, based on the description of a bobcat + by Audubon and Bachman, The viviparous quadrupeds of North + America, 2:293, 1851, from "the vicinity of Castroville, on + the headwaters of the Medina [River]," Medina Co., Texas. + + 1897. _Lynx rufus texensis_, Mearns, Preliminary diagnoses + of new mammals ... from the Mexican boundary line, p. 2, + January 12 (preprint of Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 20:458, + December 24). + + _Distribution in Tamaulipas._--Probably occurs in western + half of state; known only from two localities. + +The specimen examined was shot at night at about 3:00 a. m. in the beam +of a headlight in typical scrub "monte." The native name for this +bobcat in Tamaulipas is "gato rabon." + + _Measurements._--A male, from Rancho Santa Rosa, measured as + follows: 885; 170; 172; 71; condylobasal length, 105.2; + interorbital constriction, 22.5; postorbital constriction, + 34.6; zygomatic breadth, 83.5; squamosal constriction, 51.7; + length of maxillary tooth-row (C-P2), 38.2; length of upper + carnassial (outer side), 14.5. + + _Record of occurrence._--One specimen examined from Rancho + Santa Rosa, 360 m. + + Additional records: Matamoros (Baird, 1858:96); El Mulato + (Dice, 1937:251). + + +=Trichechus manatus latirostris= (Harlan) + +Manatee + + 1823. _Manatus latirostris_ Harlan, Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. + Philadelphia, 3(1):394. Type locality, near the capes of + East Florida. + + 1934. _Trichechus manatus latirostris_, Hatt, Bull. Amer. + Mus. Nat. Hist., 66:538, September 10. + + _Distribution in Tamaulipas._--Reported from mouth of Rio + Grande (Miller and Kellogg, 1955:791); probably extirpated + in state. + + +=Tayassu tajacu angulatus= (Cope) + +Collared Peccary + + 1889. _Dicotyles angulatus_ Cope, Amer. Nat., 23:147, + February, type from Guadalupe River, Texas. + + 1953. _Tayassu tajacu angulatus_, Dalquest, Louisiana State + Univ. Studies, Biol. Sci. Ser., 1:207, December 28. + + _Distribution in Tamaulipas._--All of state, in suitable + habitats. + + Records: Near El Mulato (Dice, 1937:256); Alta Cima + (Goodwin, 1954:15); Rancho del Cielo (_ibid._); approx. 10 + mi. N Cues (Leopold, 1947:443 map). + + +=Odocoileus hemionus crooki= (Mearns) + +Mule Deer + + 1897. _Dorcelaphus crooki_ Mearns, Preliminary diagnoses of + new mammals of the genera _Mephitis_, _Dorcelaphus_ and + _Dicotyles_, from the Mexican border ..., p. 2, February 11, + type locality summit Dog Mtns., 6129 ft., Hidalgo Co., New + Mexico. + + 1939. _Odocoileus hemionus crooki_, Goldman and Kellogg, + Jour. Mamm., 20:507, November 14. + + _Distribution in Tamaulipas._--Reported only from Cerro del + Tigre (Leopold, 1959:504), but probably throughout western + part of state. Now rare in the state. + + +=Odocoileus virginianus= + +White-tailed Deer + +This species is relatively abundant in Tamaulipas from where three +subspecies have been reported. Two specimens examined were shot at +night. + + +=Odocoileus virginianus miquihuanensis= Goldman and Kellogg + + 1940. _Odocoileus virginianus miquihuanensis_ Goldman and + Kellogg, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 53:84, June 28, type + from Sierra Madre Oriental, 6000 ft., near Miquihuana, + Tamaulipas. + + _Distribution in Tamaulipas._--Throughout Sierra Madre + Oriental. + +An adult male, having two points on each antler, and a young male were +examined and identified as this subspecies because of their small size +and dark color. + + _Measurements._--A male from 15 km. W Rancho Santa Rosa + affords measurements as follows: 1385; 245; 330; 154; + condylobasal length, 234; length of maxillary tooth-row, + 76.3; width across orbits at frontal-jugal suture, 100.9. + + _Records of occurrence_.--Specimens examined, 2: 15 km. W + Rancho Santa Rosa, 4500 ft., 1; Ejido Santa Isabel, 2000 + ft., 1. + + Additional records (Goodwin, 1954:15): San Antonio, 11 km. + SW Joya de Salas; Rancho Pano Ayuctle. + + +=Odocoileus virginianus texanus= (Mearns) + + 1898. _Dorcelaphus texanus_ Mearns, Proc. Biol. Soc. + Washington, 12:23, January 27, type from Fort Clark [north + of Eagle Pass on Big Bend of Rio Grande], Kinney Co., Texas. + + 1902. _Dama v[irginiana]. texensis_ [_sic_], J. A. Allen, + Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 16:20, February 1. + + 1901. _Odocoileus texensis_ Miller and Rehn, Proc. Boston + Soc. Nat. Hist., 30:17, December 27, an accidental renaming + of _texanus_. + + _Distribution in Tamaulipas._--Probably all of northern part + of state. + +Two fragments of lower jaw from the barrier beach were examined and +assigned to this subspecies on geographic grounds. + + _Records of occurrence._--Specimens examined, 2, fragments + from 33 mi. S Washington Beach. + + Additional records: Sierra San Carlos (El Mulato and + Sardinia) (Dice, 1937:256). + + +=Odocoileus virginianus veraecrucis= Goldman and Kellogg + + 1940. _Odocoileus virginianus veraecrucis_ Goldman and + Kellogg, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 53:89, June 28, type + from Chijol, 200 ft., Veracruz. + + _Distribution in Tamaulipas._--Tropical area, reported only + from Soto la Marina (Miller and Kellogg, 1955:806) and + Savinito Tierre [= Tierra] Caliente (J. A. Allen, 1881:184) + and Tampico (_ibid._) as _Cariacus virginianus mexicanus_. + + +=Mazama americana temama= (Kerr) + +Red Brocket + + 1782. _Cervus temama_ Kerr, The Animal kingdom ..., p. 303. + Type locality, restricted to Mirador, Veracruz, by + Hershkovitz (Fieldiana-Zool., Chicago Nat. Hist. Mus., + 31:567, July 10, 1951). + + 1951. _Mazama americana temama_, Hershkovitz. + Fieldiana-Zool., Chicago Nat. Hist. Mus., 31:567, July 10. + + _Distribution in Tamaulipas._--Southern part of state in + tropical area. + +The specimen examined is conspicuously darker than specimens from +Veracruz and Chiapas, being especially more brownish and less reddish. + + _Records of occurrence._--One specimen examined from Rancho + Pano Ayuctle (skin only). + + Additional records: Alta Cima (Goodwin, 1954:15); Rancho del + Cielo (Hooper, 1953:10). + + +=Antilocapra americana mexicana= Merriam + +Pronghorn + + 1901. _Antilocapra americana mexicana_ Merriam, Proc. Biol. + Soc. Washington, 14:31, April 5, type from Sierra en Media, + Chihuahua. + + _Distribution in Tamaulipas._--Originally in the northern + part of state; now absent from Tamaulipas. + +_Antilocapra_ is here included on the basis of a skull recorded by +Baird (1858:669) from Matamoros. J. A. Allen (1881:184) doubted the +occurrence of this animal in Tamaulipas because Dr. Palmer found no +indications of the presence of _Antilocapra_ in any portion of the area +that he traversed, which apparently was only southern Tamaulipas. + +I am sure that the pronghorn is extinct in Tamaulipas, but its +occurrence in the northern part of the state in relatively recent time +(more than 100 years ago) seems possible because the habitat in +northern Tamaulipas is suitable for the pronghorn. + + + + +LITERATURE CITED + + +ALLEN, H. + + 1862. Descriptions of two new species of Vespertilionidae, + and some remarks on the genus Antrozous. Proc. Acad. Nat. + Sci. Philadelphia, pp. 246-248, between May 27 and August 1. + + 1894. A monograph of the bats of North America. Bull. U. S. + Nat. Mus., 43:ix + 198, 38 pls., March 14. + +ALLEN, J. A. + + 1881. _List of mammals collected by Dr. Edward Palmer in + northeastern Mexico, with field-notes by the collector._ + Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 8:183-189, March. + + 1891. _On a collection of mammals from southern Texas and + northeastern Mexico._ Bull. Amer. Nat. Hist., 3:219-229, + December. + + 1891. A preliminary study of the North American opossums of + the genus Didelphis. _Ibid._, 14:149-188, 4 pls., June 15. + +ALVAREZ, T. + + 1961. Taxonomic status of some mice of the Peromyscus boylii + group in eastern Mexico, with description of a new + subspecies. Univ. Kansas Publ., Mus. Nat. Hist., 14:111-120, + 1 fig., December 29. + + 1962. A new subspecies of ground squirrel (Spermophilus + spilosoma) from Tamaulipas, Mexico. _Ibid._, 14:121-124, + March 7. + +ANDERSON, S. + + 1956. Extensions of known ranges of Mexican bats. _Ibid._, + 9:347-351, August 15. + +ANTHONY, H. E. + + 1923. Mammals from Mexico and South America. Amer. Mus. + Novit., 54:1-10, 2 figs., January 17. + +BAILEY, V. + + 1895. Biological survey of Texas. N. Amer. Fauna, 25:1-222, + 23 figs., 8 pls., October 24. + +BAIRD, S. T. + + 1855. _Characteristics of some new species of Mammalia, + collected by the U. S. and Mexican Boundary Survey, Major W. + H. Emory, U. S. A. Commissioner._ Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. + Philadelphia, 7:331-333, April. + + 1858. Mammals. _In_ General report upon the Zoology of the + Several Pacific railroad routes. U. S. P. R. R. Exp. and + Surveys, pp. xlviii + 757, 60 pls., July 14. + +BAKER, R. H. + + 1951. Mammals from Tamaulipas, Mexico. Univ. Kansas Publ., + Mus. Nat. Hist., 5:207-218, December 15. + + 1956. Mammals of Coahuila, Mexico. _Ibid._, 9:125-335, 75 + figs., June 15. + + 1958. El futuro de la fauna silvestre en el norte de Mexico. + Anal. Inst. Biol., Mexico, 28:349-357, June 14. + +BAKER, R. H., and VILLA R., B. + + 1960. Distribucion geographica y poblacion actuales del lobo + gris en Mexico. _Ibid._, 30:369-374, 1 map, March 31. + +BOOTH, E. S. + + 1957. Mammals collected in Mexico from 1951 to 1956 by the + Walla Walla College Museum of Natural History. Walla Walla + College Publ., 20:1-19, 3 maps, July 10. + +BURT, W. H. + + 1959. The history and affinities of the Recent land mammals + of western North America. _In_ Zoogeography. Amer. Assoc. + Adv. Sci. Publ., 116, February 10. + +BURT, W. H., and STIRTON, R. A. + + 1961. The mammals of El Salvador. Misc. Publ. Mus. Zool., + Univ. Michigan, 117:1-69, 2 figs., September 22. + +CARTER, D. C., and DAVIS, W. B. + + 1961. _Tadarida aurispinosa_ (Peale) (Chiroptera: + Molossidae) in North America. Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, + 74:161-165, August 11. + +DALQUEST, W. W. + + 1951. Two new mammals from Central Mexico. _Ibid._, + 64:105-107, August 24. + + 1953. Mammals of the Mexican state of San Luis Potosi. + Louisiana St. Univ. Press, pp. 1-133, 1 fig., December 28. + +DALQUEST, W. W., and HALL, E. R. + + 1949. A new subspecies of funnel-eared bat (Natalus + mexicanus) from eastern Mexico. Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, + 62:153-154, August 23. + +DAVIS, W. B. + + 1944. Notes on Mexican mammals. Jour. Mamm., 25:270-403, + December 12. + + 1951. Bat, _Molossus nigricans_, eaten by the rat snake, + _Elaphe laeta_. _Ibid._, 32:219, May 21. + + 1958. Review of Mexican bats of the Artibeus "cinereus" + complex. Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 71:163-166, December + 31. + +DAVIS, W. B., and CARTER, D. C. + + 1962. Notes on Central American bats with description of a + new subspecies of Mormoops. Southwestern Nat., 7:64-74, 1 + fig., June 1. + +DE LA TORRE, L. + + 1954. Bats from southern Tamaulipas, Mexico. Jour. Mamm., + 35:113-116, February 10. + + 1955. Bats from Guerrero, Jalisco and Oaxaca, Mexico. + Fieldiana-Zool., 37:695-701, 1 fig., 2 pls., June 19. + +DICE, L. R. + + 1937. Mammals of the San Carlos Mountains and vicinity. + Univ. Michigan Studies Sci. Ser., 12:245-268, 3 pls. + + 1943. The Biotic Provinces of North America. Univ. Michigan + Press, pp. viii + 78, 1 map. + +FINDLEY, J. S. + + 1955. Taxonomy and distribution of some American shrews. + Univ. Kansas Publ., Mus. Nat. Hist., 7:613-618, June 10. + + 1960. Identity of the long-eared Myotis of the southwest and + Mexico. Jour. Mamm., 41:16-20, 1 fig., 1 pl., February 20. + +GOLDMAN, E. A. + + 1911. Revision of the spiny pocket mice (Genus Heteromys and + Liomys). N. Amer. Fauna, 34:1-70, 6 figs., 3 pls., September + 7. + + 1915. Five new mammals from Mexico and Arizona. Proc. Biol. + Soc. Washington, 28:133-137, June 29. + + 1918. The rice rats of North America (Genus Oryzomys). N. + Amer. Fauna, 43:1-100, 11 figs., 6 pls., September 23. + + 1938. Three new races of Microtus mexicanus. Jour. Mamm., + 19:493-495, November 14. + + 1942. A new white-footed mouse from Mexico. Proc. Biol. Soc. + Washington, 55:157-158, October 17. + + 1942. Notes on the coatis of the Mexican mainland. Proc. + Biol. Soc. Washington, 55:79-82, June 25. + + 1943. The races of the ocelot and margay in Middle America. + Jour. Mamm., 24:372-385, August 18. + + 1946. _Classification of the races of the puma_, pp. + 175-302, pls. 46-93, fig. 6, tables 12-13, _in_ Young, S. + P., and Goldman, E. A., _The puma_, mysterious American cat. + Amer. Wildlife Inst., xiv + 358 pp., 93 pls., 6 figs., 13 + tables, November 16. + + 1950. Raccoons of North and Middle America. N. Amer. Fauna, + 60:vi + 153, 2 figs., 22 pls., November 7. + + 1951. Biological investigations in Mexico. Smithsonian Misc. + Coll., 115:xiii + 476, 71 pls., 1 map, July 31. + +GOLDMAN, E. A., and MOORE, R. T. + + 1946. The Biotic Provinces of Mexico. Jour. Mamm., + 26:347-360, 1 fig., February 12. + +GOODWIN, G. G. + + 1954. Mammals from Mexico collected by Marian Martin for the + American Museum of Natural History. Amer. Mus. Novit, + 1689:1-16, November 12. + + 1958. Bats of the genus _Rhogeessa_. _Ibid._, 1923:1-17, + December 31. + + 1959. Bats of the genus _Natalus_. _Ibid._, 1977:1-22, 2 + figs., December 22. + + 1960. The status of _Vespertilio auripendulus_ Shaw, 1800, + and _Molossus ater_ Geoffroy, 1805. _Ibid._, 1994:1-6, 1 + fig., March 8. + + 1961. Flying squirrel (_Glaucomys volans_) of Middle + America. _Ibid._, 2059:1-22, 7 figs., November 29. + +HALL, E. R. + + 1951. Mammals obtained by Dr. Curt von Wedel from the + barrier beach of Tamaulipas, Mexico. Univ. Kansas Publ., + Mus. Nat. Hist., 5:33-47, 1 fig., October 1. + + 1951. A synopsis of the North American Lagomorpha. _Ibid._, + 5:119-202, 68 figs., December 15. + + 1951. American weasels. _Ibid._, 4:1-466, 31 figs., 41 pls., + December 27. + + 1952. Taxonomic notes on Mexican bats of the genus + Rhogeessa. _Ibid._, 5:227-232, April 10. + +HALL, E. R., and ALVAREZ, T. + + 1961. A new subspecies of the black Myotis (bat) from + eastern Mexico. _Ibid._, 14:69-72, 1 fig., December 29. + +HALL, E. R., and JONES, J. K., JR. + + 1961. North American yellow bats, "Dasypterus," and a list + of the named kinds of the genus Lasiurus Gray. _Ibid._, + 14:73-98, 4 figs., December 29. + +HALL, E. R., and KELSON, K. R. + + 1959. The mammals of North America. The Ronald Press Co., + vol. 1:xxx + 546 + 1-79, vol. 2:viii + 547 + 1-79, 724 + figs., 500 maps, March 31. + +HANDLEY, C. O., JR. + + 1956. The taxonomic status of the _Corynorhinus phyllotis_ + G. M. Allen and _Idionycteris mexicanus_ Anthony. Proc. + Biol. Soc. Washington, 69:53-54, May 21. + + 1959. A revision of the American bats of the genera Euderma + and Plecotus. Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 110:95-246, 47 figs., + September 3. + + 1960. Descriptions of new bats from Panama. _Ibid._, + 112:459-479, October 6. + +HERSHKOVITZ, P. + + 1951. Mammals from British Honduras, Mexico, Jamaica and + Haiti. Fieldiana-Zool., 31:547-569, July 10. + + 1958. A geographic classification of Neotropical mammals. + _Ibid._, 36:583-620, 2 figs., July 11. + +HOLLISTER, N. + + 1914. A systematic account of the grasshopper mice. Proc. U. + S. Nat. Mus., 47:427-489, 1 pl., October 29. + + 1925. The systematic name of the Texas armadillo. Jour. + Mamm., 16:60, February 9. + +HOOPER, E. T. + + 1952. A systematic review of the harvest mice (Genus + Reithrodontomys) of Latin America. Misc. Publ. Mus. Zool., + Univ. Michigan, 77:1-255, 23 figs., 9 pls., 12 maps, January + 16. + + 1952. Notes on mice of the species _Peromyscus boylei_ and + _P. pectoralis_. Jour. Mamm., 33:371-378, 2 figs., August + 19. + + 1953. Notes on mammals of Tamaulipas, Mexico. Occas. Papers + Mus. Zool., Univ. Michigan, 544:1-12, March 25. + +HOOPER, E. T., and HANDLEY, C. O., JR. + + 1948. Character gradients in the spiny pocket mouse, _Liomys + irroratus_. _Ibid._, 514:1-34, 1 map, October 29. + +HOWELL, A. H. + + 1901. Revision of the skunks of the genus Chincha. N. Amer. + Fauna, 20:1-62, 8 pls., August 31. + + 1938. Revision of the North American ground squirrels, with + a classification of the North American Sciuridae. N. Amer. + Fauna, 56:1-256, 20 figs., 32 pls., May 18. + +JACKSON, H. H. T. + + 1914. New moles of the genus Scalopus. Proc. Biol. Soc. + Washington, 27:19-21, February 2. + + 1928. A taxonomic review of the American long-tailed shrews + (Genus Sorex and Microsorex). N. Amer. Fauna, 51:vi + 238, + 24 figs., 13 pls., July 24. + + 1951. Classification of the races of the coyote, pt. 2, pp. + 227-341, pls. 58-81, figs. 20-28, _in_ Young, S. P., and + Jackson, H. H. T., The clever coyote. Stackpole Co., + Harrisburg, Pa., and Wildlife Manag. Inst., Washington, D. + C., xv + 411 pp., 81 pls., 28 figs., 11 tables, November 29. + +JONES, J. K., JR., and ALVAREZ, T. + + 1962. Taxonomic status of the free-tailed bat, Tadarida + yucatanica Miller. Univ. Kansas Publ., Mus. Nat. Hist, + 14:125-133, 1 fig., March 7. + +JONES, J. K., JR., and ANDERSON, S. + + 1958. Noteworthy records of harvest mice in Mexico. Jour. + Mamm., 39:446-447, August 20. + +KELLOGG, R., and GOLDMAN, E. A. + + 1944. Review of the spider monkeys. Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., + 96:1-45, November 2. + +KELSON, K. R. + + 1952. The subspecies of the Mexican red-bellied squirrel, + Sciurus aureogaster. Univ. Kansas Publ., Mus. Nat. Hist., + 5:243-250, April 10. + +LAWRENCE, B. + + 1947. A new race of Oryzomys from Tamaulipas. Proc. New + England Zool. Club, 24:101-103, May 29. + +LEOPOLD, A. S. + + 1947. Status of Mexican Big-game herds. Trans. 12th N. Amer. + Wild. Conference, pp. 437-448. + + 1950. Vegetation zones of Mexico. Ecology, 31:507-518, 1 + fig., October. + + 1959. Wildlife of Mexico. The Game birds and mammals. Univ. + California Press, pp. xiii + 568, 193 figs. + +LIDICKER, W. Z., JR. + + 1960. An analysis of intraspecific variation in the kangaroo + rat Dipodomys merriami. Univ. California Publ. Zool., + 67:125-218, 20 figs., 4 pls., August 4. + +LUKENS, P. W., JR., and DAVIS, W. B. + + 1957. Bats of the Mexican state of Guerrero. Jour. Mamm., + 38:1-14, February 25. + +MALAGA A., A., and VILLA R., B. + + 1957. Algunas notas acerca de la distribucion de los + murcielagos de America del Norte relacionados con el + problema de la rabia. Anal. Inst. Biol., Mexico, 27:529-568, + 8 figs., 10 maps, September 30. + +MARTIN, M., and P. S. + + 1954. Notes on the capture of tropical bats at cuevo [sic] + El Pachon, Tamaulipas, Mexico. Jour. Mamm., 35:584-585, + November. + +MARTIN, P. S. + + 1958. A biogeography of reptiles and amphibians in the Gomez + Farias region, Tamaulipas, Mexico. Misc. Publ. Mus. Zool., + Univ. Michigan, 101:1-102, 7 figs., 7 pls., 4 maps, April + 15. + +MARTIN, P. S., ROBINS, C. R., and HEED, W. B. + + 1954. Birds and biogeography of the Sierra de Tamaulipas, an + isolated pine-oak habitat. Wilson Bull., 66:38-57, 2 figs., + 1 map, March. + +MERRIAM, C. H. + + 1895. Revision of the shrews of the American genera Blarina + and Notiosorex. N. Amer. Fauna, 10:1-34, 2 figs., December + 31. + + 1895. Monographic revision of the pocket gophers, family + Geomydae (Exclusive of the species Thomomys). _Ibid._, + 8:1-258, 10 figs., 19 pls., 3 maps, January 31. + + 1898. Life Zones and Crop Zones of the United States. U. S. + Dept. Agriculture, Bull., 10:1-79, 1 map, June. + +MILLER, G. S., JR. + + 1897. Revision of the North American bats of the family + Vespertilionidae. N. Amer. Fauna, 13:1-140, 40 figs., 3 + pls., October 16. 1913. Revision of the bats of the genus + Glossophaga. Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 46:413-429, 1 fig., + December 31. + + 1924. List of North American Recent mammals, 1923. Bull. U. + S. Nat. Mus., 128:xvi + 673, April 29. + +MILLER, G. S., JR., and ALLEN, G. M. + + 1928. The American bats of the genera Myotis and Pizonyx. + _Ibid._, 144:vii + 217, 13 maps, May 25. + +MILLER, G. S., JR., and KELLOGG, R. + + 1955. List of North American mammals. _Ibid._, 205:xii + + 954, March 3. + +NELSON, E. W. + + 1898. Description of the squirrels from Mexico and Central + America. Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 12:145-156, June 3. + + 1899. Revision of the squirrels of Mexico and Central + America. Proc. Washington Acad. Sci., 1:15-106, 2 pls., May + 9. + + 1904. Descriptions of seven new rabbits from Mexico. Proc. + Biol. Soc. Washington, 17:103-110, May 18. + + 1909. The rabbits of North America. N. Amer. Fauna, + 29:1-314, 8 pls., August 31. + +NELSON, E. W., and GOLDMAN, E. A. + + 1933. Revision of the jaguars. Jour. Mamm., 14:221-240, + August 17. + + 1934. Revision of the pocket gophers of the genus + Cratogeomys. Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 47:135-153, June + 13. + +OSGOOD, W. H. + + 1900. Revision of the pocket mice of the genus Perognathus. + N. Amer. Fauna, 18:1-72, 15 figs., 4 pls., September 20. + + 1909. Revision of the mice of the American genus Peromyscus. + _Ibid._, 28:1-285, 12 figs., 8 pls., April 17. + + 1945. Two new rodents from Mexico. Jour. Mamm., 26:299-301, + November 14. + +PACKARD, R. L. + + 1960. Speciation and evolution of the pygmy mice, genus + Baiomys. Univ. Kansas Publ., Mus. Nat. Hist., 9:579-670, 12 + figs., 4 pls., June 16. + +RHOADS, S. N. + + 1893. Geographic variation in Bassariscus astutus, with + description of a new subspecies. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. + Philadelphia, 45:413-418, January 30. + +SCHANTZ, V. S. + + 1949. Three new races of badgers (Taxidea) from southwestern + United States. Jour. Mamm., 30:301-305, August 17. + +SELANDER, R. K., JOHNSTON, R. F., WILKS, B. J., and RAUN, G. G. + + 1962. Vertebrates from the barrier islands of Tamaulipas, + Mexico. Univ. Kansas Publ., Mus. Nat. Hist., 12:309-345, 4 + pls., June 18. + +SETZER, H. S. + + 1949. Subspeciation in the kangaroo rat Dipodomys ordii. + Univ. Kansas Publ., Mus. Nat. Hist., 1:473-573, 27 figs., + December 27. + +SHAMEL, H. H. + + 1931. Notes on the American bats of the genus Tadarida. + Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 78:1-27, May 6. + +SMITH, H. M. + + 1949. Herpetogeny in Mexico and Guatemala. Assn. Amer. + Geographers, 39:219-238, 1 fig., September. + +STAINS, H. J. + + 1957. A new bat (Genus Leptonycteris) from Coahuila. Univ. + Kansas Publ., Mus. Nat. Hist., 9:353-356, January 21. + +TAMAYO, J. L. + + 1949. Geografia general de Mexico. Talleres Graficos de la + Nacion, Mexico, vol. 1:vii + 628, vol. 2:1-583. + +VAN GELDER, R. G. + + 1959. A taxonomic revision of the spotted skunks (Genus + _Spilogale_). Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 117:233-392, 47 + figs., June 15. + +VILLA R., B. + + 1954. Distribucion actual de los castores en Mexico. Anal. + Inst. Biol., Mexico, 25:443-450, 2 pls., 1 map, November 9. + + 1956. Tadarida brasiliensis mexicana (Saussure), el + murcielago guanero, es una subespecie migratoria. Acta Zool. + Mex., 1:1-11, 2 figs., September 15. 1958. El mono arana + (_Ateles geoffroyi_) encontrado en la costa de Jalisco y en + la region central de Tamaulipas. Anal. Inst. Biol., Mexico, + 28:345-347, June 14. + +VILLA R., B., and JIMENEZ G., A. + + 1961. Acerca de la posicion taxonomica de _Mormoops + megalophyla senicula_ Rehn, y la presencia de virus rabico + en estos murcielagos insectivoros. _Ibid._, 31:501-509, 1 + fig., April 17. + +VIVO, J. A. + + 1953. Geografia de Mexico. Fondo de Cultura Economica, + Mexico. 3er. Ed., pp. 1-338, 37 pls. + +_Transmitted June 28, 1962_ + + +29-4228 + + + + +(Continued from inside of front cover) + + Vol. 10. 1. Studies of birds killed in nocturnal migration. + By Harrison B. Tordoff and Robert M. Mengel. Pp. 1-44, 6 + figures in text, 2 tables. September 12, 1956. + + 2. Comparative breeding behavior of Ammospiza caudacuta and + A. maritima. By Glen E. Woolfenden. Pp. 45-75, 6 plates, 1 + figure. December 20, 1956. + + 3. The forest habitat of the University of Kansas Natural + History Reservation. By Henry S. Fitch and Ronald R. + McGregor. Pp. 77-127, 2 plates, 7 figures in text, 4 tables. + December 31, 1956. + + 4. Aspects of reproduction and development in the prairie + vole (Microtus ochrogaster). By Henry S. Fitch. Pp. 129-161, + 8 figures in text, 4 tables. December 19, 1957. + + 5. Birds found on the Arctic slope of northern Alaska. By + James W. Bee. Pp. 163-211, plates 9-10, 1 figure in text. + March 12, 1958. + + 6. The wood rats of Colorado: distribution and ecology. By + Robert B. Finley, Jr. Pp. 213-552, 34 plates, 8 figures in + text, 35 tables. November 7, 1958. + + 7. Home ranges and movements of the eastern cottontail in + Kansas. By Donald W. Janes. Pp. 553-572, 4 plates, 3 figures + in text. May 4, 1959. + + 8. Natural history of the salamander, Aneides hardyi. By + Richard F. Johnston and Gerhard A. Schad. Pp. 573-585. + October 8, 1959. + + 9. A new subspecies of lizard, Cnemidophorus sacki, from + Michoacan, Mexico. By William E. Duellman. Pp. 587-598, 2 + figures in text. May 2, 1960. + + 10. A taxonomic study of the Middle American Snake, Pituophis + deppei. By William E. Duellman. Pp. 599-610, 1 plate, 1 + figure in text. May 2, 1960. + + Index. Pp. 611-626. + + Vol. 11. 1. The systematic status of the colubrid snake, + Leptodeira discolor Guenther. By William E. Duellman. Pp. 1-9, + 4 figures. July 14, 1958. + + 2. Natural history of the six-lined racerunner, Cnemidophorus + sexlineatus. By Henry S. Fitch. Pp. 11-62, 9 figures, 9 + tables. September 19, 1958. + + 3. Home ranges, territories, and seasonal movements of + vertebrates of the Natural History Reservation. By Henry S. + Fitch. Pp. 63-326, 6 plates, 24 figures in text, 3 tables. + December 12, 1958. + + 4. A new snake of the genus Geophis from Chihuahua, Mexico. + By John M. Legler. Pp. 327-334, 2 figures in text. January + 28, 1959. + + 5. A new tortoise, genus Gopherus, from north-central Mexico. + By John M. Legler. Pp. 335-343. April 24, 1959. + + 6. Fishes of Chautauqua, Cowley and Elk counties, Kansas. By + Artie L. Metcalf. Pp. 345-400, 2 plates, 2 figures in text, + 10 tables. May 6, 1959. + + 7. Fishes of the Big Blue river basin, Kansas. By W. L. + Minckley. Pp. 401-442, 2 plates, 4 figures in text, 5 tables. + May 8, 1959. + + 8. Birds from Coahuila, Mexico. By Emil K. Urban. Pp. + 443-516. August 1, 1959. + + 9. Description of a new softshell turtle from the + southeastern United States. By Robert G. Webb. Pp. 517-525, 2 + plates, 1 figure in text. August 14, 1959. + + 10. Natural history of the ornate box turtle, Terrapene + ornata ornata Agassiz. By John M. Legler. Pp. 527-669, 16 + pls., 29 figures in text. March 7, 1960. + + Index Pp. 671-703. + + Vol. 12. 1. Functional morphology of three bats: Eumops, + Myotis, Macrotus. By Terry A. Vaughan. Pp. 1-153, 4 plates, + 24 figures in text. July 8, 1959. + + 2. The ancestry of modern Amphibia: a review of the evidence. + By Theodore H. Eaton, Jr. Pp. 155-180, 10 figures in text. + July 10, 1959. + + 3. The baculum in microtine rodents. By Sydney Anderson. Pp. + 181-216, 49 figures in text. February 19, 1960. + + 4. A new order of fishlike Amphibia from the Pennsylvanian of + Kansas. By Theodore H. Eaton, Jr., and Peggy Lou Stewart. Pp. + 217-240, 12 figures in text. May 2, 1960. + + 5. Natural history of the bell vireo. By Jon C. Barlow. Pp. + 241-296, 6 figures in text. March 7, 1962. + + 6. Two new pelycosaurs from the lower Permian of Oklahoma. By + Richard C. Fox. Pp. 297-307, 6 figures in text. May 21, 1962. + + 7. Vertebrates from the barrier island of Tamaulipas, Mexico. + By Robert K. Selander, Richard F. Johnston, B. J. Wilks, and + Gerald G. Raun. Pp. 309-345, pls. 5-8. June 18, 1962. + + 8. Teeth of Edestid sharks. By Theodore H. Eaton, Jr. Pp. + 347-362, 10 figures in text. October 1, 1962. + + More numbers will appear in volume 12. + + Vol. 13. 1. Five natural hybrid combinations in minnows + (Cyprinidae). By Frank B. Cross and W. L. Minckley. Pp. 1-18. + June 1, 1960. + + 2. A distributional study of the amphibians of the Isthmus of + Tehuantepec, Mexico. By William E. Duellman. Pp. 19-72, pls. + 1-8, 3 figures in text. August 16, 1960. + + 3. A new subspecies of the slider turtle (Pseudemys scripta) + from Coahuila, Mexico. By John M. Legler. Pp. 73-84, pls. + 9-12, 3 figures in text. August 16, 1960. + + 4. Autecology of the copperhead. By Henry S. Fitch. Pp. + 85-288, pls. 13-20, 26 figures in text. November 30, 1960. + + 5. Occurrence of the garter snake, Thamnophis sirtalis, in + the great plains and Rocky mountains. By Henry S. Fitch and + T. Paul Maslin. Pp. 289-308, 4 figures in text. February 10, + 1961. + + 6. Fishes of the Wakarusa river in Kansas. By James E. Deacon + and Artie L. Metcalf. Pp. 309-322, 1 figure in text. February + 10, 1961. + + 7. Geographic variation in the North American Cyprinid fish, + Hybopsis gracilis. By Leonard J. Olund and Frank B. Cross. + Pp. 323-348, pls. 21-24, 2 figures in text. February 10, + 1961. + + 8. Descriptions of two species of frogs, genus Ptychohyla; + studies of American Hylid frogs, V. By William E. Duellman. + Pp. 349-357, pl. 25, 2 figures in text. April 27, 1961. + + 9. Fish populations, following a drought, in the Neosho and + Marais des Cygnes rivers of Kansas. By James Everett Deacon. + Pp. 359-427, pls. 26-30, 3 figures in text. August 11, 1961. + + 10. North American recent soft-shelled turtles (family + Trionychidae). By Robert G. Webb. Pp. 429-611, pls. 31-54, 24 + figures in text. February 16, 1962. + + Index. Pp. 613-624. + + Vol. 14. 1. Neotropical bats from western Mexico. By Sydney + Anderson. Pp. 1-8. October 24, 1960. + + 2. Geographic variation in the harvest mouse, Reithrodontomys + megalotis, on the central great plains and in adjacent + regions. By J. Knox Jones, Jr., and B. Mursaloglu. Pp. 9-27, + 1 figure in text. July 24, 1961. + + 3. Mammals of Mesa Verde national park, Colorado. By Sydney + Anderson. Pp. 29-67, pls. 1 and 2, 3 figures in text. July + 24, 1961. + + 4. A new subspecies of the black myotis (bat) from eastern + Mexico. By E. Raymond Hall and Ticul Alvarez. Pp. 69-72, 1 + fig. in text. December 29, 1961. + + 5. North American yellow bats, "Dasypterus," and a list of + the named kinds of the genus Lasiurus Gray. By E. Raymond + Hall and J. Knox Jones, Jr. Pp. 73-98, 4 figs. in text. + December 29, 1961. + + 6. Natural history of the brush mouse (Peromyscus boylii) in + Kansas with description of a new subspecies. By Charles A. + Long. Pp. 99-110, 1 fig. in text. December 29, 1961. + + 7. Taxonomic status of some mice of the Peromyscus boylii + group in eastern Mexico, with description of a new + subspecies. By Ticul Alvarez. Pp. 111-120, 1 fig. in text. + December 29, 1961. + + 8. A new subspecies of ground squirrel (Spermophilus + spilosoma) from Tamaulipas, Mexico. By Ticul Alvarez. Pp. + 121-124. March 7, 1962. + + 9. Taxonomic status of the free-tailed bat, Tadarida + yucatanica Miller. By J. Knox Jones, Jr., and Ticul Alvarez. + Pp. 125-133, 1 figure in text. March 7, 1962. + + 10. A new doglike carnivore, genus Cynarctus, from the + Clarendonian, Pliocene, of Texas. By E. Raymond Hall and + Walter W. Dalquest. Pp. 135-138, 2 figures in text. April 30, + 1962. + + 11. A new subspecies of wood rat (Neotoma) from northeastern + Mexico. By Ticul Alvarez. Pp. 139-143. April 30, 1962. + + 12. Noteworthy mammals from Sinaloa, Mexico. By J. Knox + Jones, Jr., Ticul Alvarez, and M. Raymond Lee. Pp. 145-149, 1 + figure in text. May 18, 1962. + + 13. A new bat (Myotis) from Mexico. By E. Raymond Hall. Pp. + 161-164, 1 figure in text. May 21, 1962. + + 14. The Mammals of Veracruz. By E. Raymond Hall and Walter W. + Dalquest. Pp. 165-362, 2 figures in text. May 20, 1963. + + 15. The Recent mammals of Tamaulipas, Mexico. By Ticul + Alvarez. Pp. 363-473, 5 figures in text. May 20, 1963. + + More numbers will appear in volume 14. + + Vol. 15. 1. The amphibians and reptiles of Michoacan, Mexico. + By William E. Duellman. Pp. 1-148, pls. 1-6, 11 figures in + text. December 20, 1961. + + 2. Some reptiles and amphibians from Korea. By Robert G. + Webb, J. Knox Jones, Jr., and George W. Byers. Pp. 149-173. + January 31, 1962. + + 3. A new species of frog (Genus Tomodactylus) from western + Mexico. By Robert G. Webb. Pp. 175-181, 1 figure in text. + March 7, 1962. + + 4. Type specimens of amphibians and reptiles in the Museum of + Natural History, The University of Kansas. By William E. + Duellman and Barbara Berg. Pp. 183-204, October 26, 1962. + + More numbers will appear in volume 15. + + + * * * * * + + + + +Transcriber's Notes + + +Page 386: Changed Pariso to Paraiso. (Orig.: Aserradero del +Pariso.--22 deg.59', 99 deg.15'.) + +Page 390: Changed: intermadius to intermedius. (Orig.: Reithrodontomys +fulvescens intermadius J. A. Allen 439) + +Page 398: Changed Tamulipas to Tamaulipas. (Orig.: subspecies from the +Sierra de Tamulipas, previously) + +Page 399: Retained Mormops, but possibly a typo for Mormoops. (Orig.: +1864. Mormops megalophylla Peters, Monatsb. preuss. Akad. Wiss., +Berlin, p. 381, type from southern Mexico.) + +Page 402: Changed embyos to embryos. (Orig.: average crown-rump length +of the 10 embyos was 43) + +Page 409: Changed veraecrusis to veraecrucis. (Orig.: P. s. +veraecrusis) + +Page 410: Changed veraecrusis to veraecrucis. (Orig.: specimens of +veraecrusis from Las Vigas, Veracruz.) + +Page 411: Retained measurement (17-8) grams; possibly typo for (17-18) +or (17-17.8). (Orig.: three males 17.5 (17-8) grams.) + +Page 426: Changed Washinton to Washington. (Orig.: personatus +tropicalis Goldman, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washinton,) + +Page 435: Changed perargrus to peragrus. (Orig.: 1918. Oryzomys couesi +perargrus, Goldman,) + +Page 439: Changed descripton to description. (Orig.: According to the +original descripton by Davis) + +Page 454: Changed Gaudalupe to Guadalupe. (Orig.: type from Sierra +Gaudalupe, southeastern Coahuila.) + +Page 454: Changed N. l. microdon to C. l. microdon. (Orig.: N. l. +microdon occurs from Camargo south to Nicolas.) + +Page 456: Changed Gaudalupe to Guadalupe. (Orig.: type from Sierra +Gaudalupe, Coahuila.) + +Page 457: Changed to to two. (Orig.: 1962:338, recorded only to +species) + +Page 459: Changed synonmy to synonymy. (Orig.: cited by Coues in +synonmy as "Putorius mexicanus) + +Page 460: Changed three occurences of Shantz to Schantz. (Orig.: by +Shantz. One of them T. t. littoralis (Shantz, 1949:301)) and +(measurements are greater than those given by Shantz (1949:302)) + +Page 461: Changed weing to wenig. 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