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The Project Gutenberg EBook of The immigration offices and statistics from
1857 to 1903, by Argentine Ministry of Agriculture

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Title: The immigration offices and statistics from 1857 to 1903

Author: Argentine Ministry of Agriculture

Release Date: March 23, 2012 [EBook #39230]

Language: English

Character set encoding: ASCII

*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK IMMIGRATION OFFICES, STATISTICS ***




Produced by Adrian Mastronardi, Rene Anderson Benitz, and
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[Illustration: (Argentine Coat of Arms)]


                     ARGENTINE REPUBLIC

                   MINISTRY OF AGRICULTURE

                   Immigration Department


                  The Immigration Offices
                            and
                Statistics from 1857 to 1903


                        INFORMATION
                          for the
           Universal Exhibition of St. Louis (U. S. A.)

The Head Offices are situated in Alsina Street No. 624 Buenos Aires,
where information can be obtained either verbally or by correspondence
in different languages by those who wish to establish themselves in the
Argentine Republic.


                        BUENOS AIRES

      Printing Establishment of the Argentine Weather Bureau

                            1904


                  *     *     *     *     *


  Duties of the Immigration Department subject to which immigrants can
      avail themselves of the benefits of the Immigration Law


The Immigration Department under the control of the Ministry of
Agriculture, has the direction of all relating thereto in the Argentine
Republic, and is organized to correspond to the special services related
to it, which are ruled by the organic Law of 16th. October 1876.


Managing Staff in Buenos Aires

The managing staff is composed of a Chief and a head clerk, and further
more the Secretary's Department, Archives, Accountants Department,
Treasury, Statistics, Interpreters office for verbal information and
foreign correspondence, Disembarking office, Labour and Forwarding
office, Immigration Hotel, Hospital and Medical service, and Post and
Telegraph office, all of which are established in Buenos Aires.


Auxiliary Commissions in all the Argentine Territory

To attend the requirements of the service in the Interior, there are 42
Auxiliary Commissions established in the principal cities and towns of
importance.

    (Articles 6, 7 and 8, Chapter III of the Law.)


Archives

In the Archives of the Department, a careful Register is kept of all
administrative papers, studies, observations and documents of ships
transporting immigrants, and a list of all those entered since the year
1857.


Accountant's and Treasury Departments

The Accountant's Department and the Treasury have under their charge the
financial part of the administration and keep account of all amounts
spent in lodging and transport of immigrants and their baggage, payment
of wages to employes and other expenses. (Article 3 paragraph 13.)


Statistics

The Statistical Office keeps minute statistics of the immigrants
arriving in the country, classifying annually and monthly the arrivals
and departures of steamers, stating date, flag, number of passengers
and immigrants with a summary of the immigration movement; steamers
inspected, ports of procedure, classification of immigrants according
to nationality, profession, sexe, age; monthly, annually and
quinquennially; sexagenarians entered; births and deaths on board,
immigrants entered at the Hotel and settling of immigrants in the
interior.


Interpreters Office

In the Interpreters office there are employes who speak several
languages: verbal information is given to all immigrants who ask for
it. It provides information regarding lands offered for sale and has
charge of the foreign correspondence.


Labour and Forwarding Office

The Labour and Forwarding Office receives inquiries for workmen from all
parts of the country, and, according to such inquiries, undertakes the
placing of the immigrants who come to the Hotel, asking for lodging and
employment. This office provides the immigrants with the information
they solicit about the different districts of the country, means of
communication, wages etc. It undertakes the forwarding of the immigrants
and their distribution in the regions to which they desire to be sent,
and all other work connected with these services. (Articles 9, 10 and 11
and 48 to 54 of the Law.)

[Illustration: Immigrants Hotel in Buenos Aires
               View taken from the River]


Landing Superintendents

The Disembarking Office consists of Inspectors who go on board the
vessels to receive and classify the immigrants, and see if the ships
have complied with the conditions of the Law regarding vessels carrying
immigrants, and also to impede the entry of those which said Law
prohibits (Chapter VI, Articles 18 to 37 and the Regulation agreed upon
of 4th. March 1880.)


Immigrants Hotel or Home

Those who avail themselves of the benefits of the Law, are lodged in
the Immigrants Hotel whilst work is procured for them, which is done
immediately.

The Hotel is provided with the accommodation and service necessary to
meet this requirement.

It has separate dormitories for each sex, ample dining rooms,
lavatories, and a police service to contribute in maintaining order
and also a corps of firemen to prevent conflagrations. (Chapter VIII
of the Law, Articles 42 to 47.)


Hotel Interpreters

The Hotel is provided with interpreters of all languages, to mediate
between the immigrants, and the Hotel employes and the Labour and
Forwarding Office.


Medical Assistance

Sick immigrants and members of their families are attended at all hours
by the Medical staff of the Hotel, which is further more provided with
an Infirmary supplied with all the most necessary medicaments.

[Illustration: Immigrants Hotel in Buenos Aires
               View taken from the City]


Customs Service

To facilitate the despatch of immigrants baggage, the Custom House
has an office in the Hotel which carrys out all the corresponding
operations.

       *     *     *     *     *

By means of this organization, which meets all the exigencies of the
immigration in the Argentine Republic, the immigrants are given all the
advantages accorded by the Immigration Law hereunder transcribed.




ARTICLES OF THE IMMIGRATION LAW IMPORTANT FOR IMMIGRANTS TO KNOW


CONCERNING THE LABOUR OFFICES

Art. 9.--The Immigration-Office in Buenos Aires and the Commissions at
their various head quarters shall, whenever it may be necessary, have
placed under their direct control a Labour and Employment-Office to be
served by such a number of clerks as may be fixed in the Budget.

Art. 10.--These Offices are bound and empowered:

    1. To attend to such applications of teachers, artisans, journeymen
       or workmen as may be sent in to them.

    2. To secure advantageous terms for the employment of immigrants,
       and to see that such employment be given by people of good
       repute.

    3. To intervene at the request of the immigrants in such agreements
       as to work as said immigrants may make, and to see to their
       strict observance on the part of masters.

    4. To write down in a special register the number of the procured
       employments, mentioning the date, the sort of work, the
       conditions of the contract, and the names of the persons that
       may have intervened in it.

Art. 11.--At such places where there are no Employment-Offices, the
duties incumbent on these shall be carried out by the Commissions of
Immigration.

[Illustration: Immigrants Hotel in Buenos Aires
               Interior of a yard]




CHAPTER V.

CONCERNING IMMIGRANTS


Art. 12.--By the effects of this Law, every foreigner under sixty years
of age, whether he be a journeyman, artisan, labourer, tradesman or
teacher, who proves his morality and capacities, shall be considered
an immigrant, on arriving in the Republic, to establish himself in it,
either in a steamer or sailing vessel, paying his own 2nd. or 3rd. class
passage, or having it paid by the State, the Provinces, or by private
societies protecting immigration and colonisation.

Art. 13.--Those persons to whom these conditions apply and who do not
desire to profit by the advantages offered to the immigrants, shall let
it be known to the captain of the ship at the moment of their embarking,
when he will note it in the ship's register, or communicate it to the
maritime authorities of the landing port: in this case, those persons
shall be considered as simple travellers.

This disposition is not meant for those immigrants who may come engaged
in this capacity for the colonies or other places in the Republic.

Art. 14.--Every immigrant on giving sufficient proof of his good conduct
and fitness for any occupation, art or usefull trade, will be entitled,
on his arrival to the following special privileges:

    1. To be boarded and lodged at the expense of the Nation during the
       time fixed by articles 45, 46 and 47.

    2. To have employment given him in such calling or trade as there
       may be in the country, and which he may prefer.

    3. To be transported at the expense of the Nation to such locality
       in the Republic as he may select for his residence.

    4. To import free of duty articles for personal use, clothing,
       furniture for domestic purposes, agricultural implements, tools,
       utensils, instruments of such arts and trades as they may
       exercise, and one fowling piece to each adult immigrant, of such
       value as may be fixed by the Executive.

Art. 15.--The dispositions of the preceding article shall be extended
as far as they can be applied, to the wives and to the children of the
immigrants, if grown up, provided they can give proof of their morality
and industrious aptitudes.

Art. 16.--The good conduct and industrious capacities of the immigrants
can be proved by certificates given by the Consuls or Immigration Agents
of the Republic abroad, or by a certificate from the authorities of the
immigrant's residence, legalized by the said Consuls or Immigration
Agents of the Republic.

[Illustration: Immigrants Hotel in Buenos Aires
               Interior of the yard of the dormitories]




CHAPTER VIII.

CONCERNING THE LODGING AND BOARDING OF THE IMMIGRANTS


Art. 42.--In the cities of Buenos Aires, Rosario, and at all such others
where, owing to the number of immigrants, it may be necessary, there
shall be a house for their temporary lodgment.

Art. 44.--At such places where there should not be any houses for the
accommodation of immigrants, the respective Commissions shall proceed to
board and lodge the same in public hotels or in other suitable ways.

Art. 45.--Immigrants shall be entitled to suitable board and lodging, at
the expense of the Nation, for five days after landing.

Art. 46.--In case of serious illness which should render it impossible
for them to remove to another habitation, at the expiration of the
said five days, the expense of the succeeding board and lodging shall
continue to be met by the State, as long as the said illness continues.

Except in such cases, the continuance of immigrants at the Establishment
for more than five days shall be at their own expense, at the rate of
half a national gold dollar a day for every person more than 8 years
old, and 25 cents for every child under that age.

Art. 47.--The regulations contained in the preceding articles do not
include immigrants having contracts with the Government in connection
with the Colonies. All such will be entitled to board and lodging free
of charge until transported to their destination.

[Illustration: Immigrants Hotel in Buenos Aires
               Office for admittance and passports]




CHAPTER IX.

CONCERNING THE TRANSPORT TO THE PROVINCES AND THE EMPLOYMENT OF THE
IMMIGRANTS


Art. 48.--The Employment-Offices or the Immigration-Commissions in
their stead, shall use their best endeavours to provide immigrants with
employment in such art, trade or calling as they may prefer.

Art. 49.--Such employment shall be procured if possible within five days
after the immigrant's arrival, and on as favourable terms as possible.

Art. 50.--The Employment-Offices or the Immigration-Commissions in their
stead shall, at the request of the interested parties, intervene in such
contracts for employment as they may make, with a view to securing their
fulfillment for the immigrant.

Art. 51.--Any immigrant who should prefer to fix his residence in any of
the interior Provinces of the Republic, or at any of its Colonies, will
be at once transported with his family and luggage to such place, as he
may select, free of all charge.

Art. 52.--In case of an immigrant going to the Provinces, he will be
entitled on arrival at his destination, to be lodged and boarded for
ten days by the Immigration-Commission. At the expiration of this time,
he shall pay half a national gold dollar a day for every person over 8
years old, and 25 cents for every child under that age, except in case
of illness, when he would continue to be maintained at the expense of
the Government as long as the said illness lasts.

Art. 54.--The immigrants can on no pretence whatever, profit by the
privileges granted by the preceding articles, to pass through the
territory of the Republic to a foreign country, under penalty of
repaying all the expenses that have been occasioned for their passage,
landing, board, lodging and transport.

[Illustration: Immigrants Hotel in Buenos Aires
               Office for employment and free transport of the
                 immigrants to the provinces]




Reception of immigrants in the Argentine Republic.


THE IMMIGRANT INSPECTION AND ITS REASON

Each ship that arrives in the country bringing immigrants, 2nd. and
3rd. class passengers, according to Law, is visited and inspected by a
Commission comprising the Immigration Inspector, Board of Health doctor
and Coast Guard officer, who examine the hygiene and healthiness of
the ship, accommodation, provisioning during the voyage, supply of
medicines, and as to whether a doctor or chemist is carried; if or no a
greater number of passengers were carried than the accommodation allows;
if the measurements of the deck, sparedeck and of the berths are in
accordance with the Law; if there is sufficient ventilation, supply of
firehose and cooking utensils, life belts and life boats; if there are
passengers with contagious diseases; if passengers have been embarqued
at ports where there is an epidemic; if any part of the cargo is
inflamable or unhealthy, and, finally, receive any protest of the
passengers of bad treatment and obtain from the Captain the documents
he should deliver, showing cognoscence of the Immigration Law, and any
incidents that have happened on the voyage. This is done in the interest
of the immigrants.


RECEIVING THE IMMIGRANTS

The immigrants are carefully questioned and classified to find out their
trades and means, note being taken of those who do not wish to come
under the Immigration Law, their passports then being stamped "passenger
only", as also are stamped "former resident" the passports of those who
come under that heading.

Once the passports revised by the officials, those immigrants admited
under the Law, are handed over to the receiving officials of the
Immigrants Hotel who attend to them, placing them in trams, which take
them to the Hotel. The baggage is taken on trucks to the same place by
the Hotel porters.

[Illustration: Immigrants Hotel in Buenos Aires
               Group of immigrants]


FREE LODGING

Arriving at the Hotel, the names of the immigrants are entered in the
Hotel register and they are given a lodging ticket valid for five
days, which can be prolonged in case of sickness. The immigrants are
comfortably lodged, the women and children in separate rooms to the
men. The baggage is taken by the Hotel porters to a deposit where it
is revised by the Custom House Officers, specially.


FREE BOARD

The rations given to the immigrants are of the best, and in the
following proportions per day, per adult: meat 600 grams, bread 500
grams, potatoes, carrots or cabbage (alternately) 150; rice, maccaroni,
or beans (alternately) 100; sugar 25 and coffee 10 grams; milk is given
to the children. The food is cooked by steam and is served by the Hotel
attendants in a large dining room.


MEDICAL ATTENDANCE

There is an Infirmary in the Hotel where patients are carefully
attended; children as well as adults can be vaccinated. There is a
staff of doctors, students, sicknurses, and a chemist's fully equiped
with medicines and disinfectants.


GOVERNMENT EMPLOYMENT OFFICE

On arrival, the immigrants are questioned as to what part of the country
they wish to go, and are offered work by the Employment Office, in
accordance with the inquiries for workmen received, full information of
which, of wages paid and other conditions are carefully entered up in
books kept for that purpose. If there are no enquiries for workmen in
the particular trade of an immigrant looking for employment, this
Office undertakes to find him work by either directing him to Works and
Factories or by telegraphing enquiries to the Interior. Immigrants are
warned, should they wish to go to any part of the country where there is
no opening for one in their trade.

No persuasion is used to induce immigrants to go to any particular part
of the country, it is left to them to decide.

[Illustration: Immigrants Hotel in Buenos Aires
               Group of immigrants]


FORWARDING AND RECEIVING FREE

The immigrants placed up country or who wish to join their relations,
are taken care of by forwarding Agents who remit their luggage properly
labeled, note down the immigrants so forwarded, provide them with
tickets and see them on to the train or river steamers.


ARRIVING AT THE PROVINCES AND POINTS OF DESTINATION

The immigrants who go to the Provinces or National Territories to be
settled, are met on arrival of the train by the Secretary of the Branch
Office, boarded and lodged for ten days until they are settled or leave
for some fixed destination. If they should have to change trains, they
are looked after by this Official in the same way as in the Federal
Capital, from the arrival of one train until the departure of the one
in which they continue their journey.


POST AND TELEGRAPH OFFICE

For the better handing of the immigrants correspondence and in order
that the Head Office and National Employment Office can transmit without
delay, orders and instructions all over the Republic, there is a Post
and Telegraph Office in the Immigration Hotel.




STATISTICAL RETURNS

The four following returns, summarize the Argentine Immigration movement
from 1857 to 1903.

In those relating to the entry and nationality of immigrants, the
information corresponding to the years running from 1857 to 1903 is
given, and in those which refer to their trades and forwarding to the
interior, the information has been taken corresponding to the last
decade, this lapse of time being sufficiently demonstrative.

[Illustration: Immigrants Hotel in Buenos Aires
               Part of the dining-hall]


  IMMIGRANTS PLACED AND FORWARDED TO THE INTERIOR OF THE COUNTRY BY THE
     NATIONAL LABOUR OFFICE DURING THE LAST DECADE FROM 1894 TO 1903.

  --------------------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+-------
    Provinces and     |  1894  |  1895  |  1896  |  1897  |  1898  |  1899
     Territories      |        |        |        |        |        |
  --------------------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+-------
  Federal Capital     |    545 |    683 |  1.209 |   589  |    876 |  1.736
  Buenos Aires        |  3.071 |  4.212 | 12.028 |  8.471 |  7.503 |  9.991
  Entre Rios          |  2.345 |  2.129 |    814 |  1.190 |  1.184 |  1.575
  Corrientes          |    101 |    115 |    114 |    455 |    293 |    194
  Santa Fe            | 11.801 | 10.143 | 13.077 |  6.273 |  6.577 |  9.647
  Cordoba             |  2.413 |  2.198 |  2.995 |  1.958 |  2.659 |  3.951
  Tucuman             |    802 |    387 |    898 |  1.173 |    456 |    514
  Santiago del Estero |     76 |     51 |    291 |    149 |    165 |    141
  Salta               |     19 |     36 |     47 |    237 |    345 |    224
  JuJuy               |     18 |     10 |    104 |     38 |     17 |     69
  Catamarca           |     11 |     29 |     19 |     16 |      8 |     14
  La Rioja            |     -- |     25 |     12 |     20 |     14 |     43
  San Luis            |     46 |     91 |    183 |    207 |     95 |    129
  Mendoza             |    566 |    665 |  1.973 |  2.569 |  1.365 |  1.695
  San Juan            |    137 |    155 |    270 |    390 |    252 |    269
  Chaco               |     34 |      6 |     20 |    105 |    112 |     21
  Misiones            |     30 |     13 |      7 |     72 |    254 |    509
  Tierra del Fuego    |     -- |     16 |     54 |     41 |     19 |      8
  Chubut              |     11 |     25 |     10 |     84 |     22 |     13
  Santa Cruz          |     11 |      1 |     40 |     44 |     18 |     24
  Formosa             |     47 |      5 |     13 |    116 |     50 |     16
  Pampa Central       |      7 |     17 |     63 |    160 |     93 |    117
  Rio Negro           |      1 |     -- |     55 |    293 |     69 |     34
  Neuquen             |     -- |     -- |     27 |     13 |     -- |     16
  --------------------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+-------
                      | 22.092 | 21.012 | 34.323 | 24.663 | 22.446 | 30.950


  --------------------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------
    Provinces and     |  1900  |  1901  |  1902  |  1903  |  Total
     Territories      |        |        |        |        |
  --------------------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------
                      |        |        |        |        |
  Federal Capital     |  3.077 |  2.739 |   635  |    449 |  12.538
  Buenos Aires        | 10.213 | 12.982 | 9.828  | 13.447 |  91.746
  Entre Rios          |  1.456 |  1.151 |    677 |    317 |  12.838
  Corrientes          |    117 |    225 |    118 |     46 |   1.778
  Santa Fe            |  9.336 | 12.628 |  7.440 | 10.115 |  97.037
  Cordoba             |  3.581 |  4.002 |  1.768 |  2.973 |  28.498
  Tucuman             |    590 |  1.576 |    366 |    366 |   7.128
  Santiago del Estero |     99 |    132 |     82 |     73 |   1.259
  Salta               |     94 |     76 |     31 |     61 |   1.170
  JuJuy               |     41 |    273 |     72 |    216 |     858
  Catamarca           |     14 |     35 |     10 |      5 |     161
  La Rioja            |     22 |     20 |     28 |     25 |     209
  San Luis            |    129 |    159 |    124 |     76 |   1.239
  Mendoza             |  2.183 |  4.160 |  1.521 |    757 |  17.454
  San Juan            |    354 |    190 |    155 |     82 |   2.254
  Chaco               |     24 |     41 |     27 |     12 |     402
  Misiones            |  1.136 |  1.738 |  1.083 |     81 |   4.923
  Tierra del Fuego    |      9 |     17 |      7 |     17 |     188
  Chubut              |     56 |     75 |    153 |    239 |     688
  Santa Cruz          |     54 |     85 |     59 |     54 |     390
  Formosa             |     20 |     35 |     25 |      1 |     328
  Pampa Central       |    145 |    181 |    173 |    349 |   1.305
  Rio Negro           |     42 |    198 |     73 |     63 |     828
  Neuquen             |     17 |     29 |     39 |     11 |     152
  --------------------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------
                      | 32.809 | 42.747 | 24.494 | 29.835 | 285.371

[Illustration: Immigrants Hotel in Buenos Aires
               Part of the kitchen]


  IMMIGRATION FROM COUNTRIES BEYOND THE SEA AND MONTEVIDEO
                        1857 to 1903.

  ---------+----------------+--------------+--------------
           |    Countries   |              |
    Years  |      beyond    |  Montevideo  |     Total
           |     the sea    |              |
  ---------+----------------+--------------+--------------
     1857  |        4.951   |              |       4.951
     1858  |        4.658   |              |       4.658
     1859  |        4.735   |              |       4.735
     1860  |        5.656   |              |       5.656
     1861  |        6.301   |              |       6.301
     1862  |        6.716   |              |       6.716
     1863  |       10.408   |              |      10.408
     1864  |       11.682   |              |      11.682
     1865  |       11.767   |              |      11.767
     1866  |       13.696   |              |      13.696
     1867  |       13.225   |     3.821    |      17.046
     1868  |       25.919   |     3.315    |      29.234
     1869  |       28.958   |     8.976    |      37.934
     1870  |       30.898   |     9.069    |      39.967
     1871  |       14.626   |     6.307    |      20.933
     1872  |       26.208   |    10.829    |      37.037
     1873  |       48.382   |    27.950    |      76.332
     1874  |       40.674   |    27.603    |      68.277
     1875  |       18.532   |    23.534    |      42.066
     1876  |       14.532   |    16.433    |      30.965
     1877  |       14.675   |    21.650    |      36.325
     1878  |       23.624   |    19.334    |      42.958
     1879  |       32.717   |    22.438    |      55.155
     1880  |       26.643   |    15.008    |      41.651
     1881  |       31.431   |    16.053    |      47.484
     1882  |       41.041   |    10.462    |      51.503
     1883  |       52.472   |    10.771    |      63.243
     1884  |       49.623   |    28.182    |      77.805
     1885  |       80.618   |    28.104    |     108.722
     1886  |       65.655   |    27.461    |      93.116
     1887  |       98.898   |    21.944    |     120.842
     1888  |  (a) 130.271   |    25.361    |     155.632
     1889  |  (a) 218.744   |    42.165    |     260.909
     1890  |  (a)  77.815   |    32.779    |     110.594
     1891  |       28.266   |    23.831    |      52.097
     1892  |       39.973   |    33.321    |      73.294
     1893  |       52.067   |    32.353    |      84.420
     1894  |       54.720   |    25.951    |      80.671
     1895  |       61.226   |    19.762    |      80.988
     1896  |      102.673   |    32.532    |     135.205
     1897  |       72.978   |    32.165    |     105.143
     1898  |       67.130   |    28.060    |      95.190
     1899  |       84.442   |    26.641    |     111.083
     1900  |       84.851   |    21.051    |     105.902
     1901  |       90.127   |    35.824    |     125.951
     1902  |       57.992   |    38.088    |      96.080
     1903  |       75.227   |    37.444    |     112.671
  ---------+----------------+--------------+--------------
           |    2.158.423   |   846.572    |   3.004.995

(a)--With assisted passages.

=General Total (including first class passengers) 3.685.430.=


    TRADES OF FOREIGN IMMIGRANTS,
       IN THE LAST TEN YEARS,
         FROM 1894 TO 1903.

  Agriculturers              312.723
  Masons                       8.500
  Upper cutters                  898
  Surveyors                       16
  Architects                      12
  Fitters                         81
  Sawers                         127
  Barbers                      1.332
  Coal-men                        99
  Butchers                       725
  Carpenters                   7.142
  Coppersmiths                   439
  Cooks (male, female)         9.265
  Confectioners                  500
  Merchants                   30.996
  Dressmakers                 28.194
  Tanners                        691
  Coachmen                       149
  Calkers                         54
  Quarry-men                     255
  Clerks                      10.755
  Gilders                         99
  Draftsmen                       41
  Joiners                        604
  Electricians                   711
  Bookbinders                     77
  Sculptors                       43
  Firemen                        793
  Apothecaries                   352
  Photographers                   65
  Cattle breeders                690
  Engravers                      113
  Glovers                         76
  Smiths                       3.546
  Tinsmiths                      548
  Printers                        38
  Engineers                       17
  Workmen                    118.223
  Gardeners                      923
  Brickmakers                    262
  Lithographers                   37
  Marble-cutters                  59
  Sailors                      7.739
  Engine drivers                 445
  Mechanics                    2.113
  Milliners                    6.051
  Millers                        605
  Musicians                      796
  Miners                       1.272
  Physicians                      41
  Furniture makers                92
  Bakers                       2.382
  Stone cutters                1.208
  Painters                       926
  Laundresses                  8.749
  Fishermen                      112
  Teachers                        12
  Watchmakers                    372
  Tailors                      4.985
  Without trade (children)   113.433
  Without trade (women)        8.111
  Servants (male, female)     28.450
  Hatters                        501
  Weavers (male, female)       6.546
  Typographers                   481
  Coopers                        316
  Turners                        103
  Dyers                           62
  Harness makers                 133
  Viner, winemakers              403
  Veterinaries                    33
  Plasterers                     100
  Shoemakers                   6.094
  Other trades                 8.430
                            --------
                             751.366
                            ========


  +--------------------------------------------------------------------+
  | Transcriber's Note: To make the following table easier to read on  |
  | the screen it has been transposed to show Years as column headings |
  | and Nationalities as row headings.                                 |
  +--------------------------------------------------------------------+

      NATIONALITY OF IMMIGRANTS FROM COUNTRIES BEYOND THE SEA,
                 EXCLUSIVELY, from 1857 to 1903.

  Years           | 1857-59| 1860-69 | 1870-79 | 1880-89 | 1890-99
  ----------------+--------+---------+---------+---------+--------
  Italians        |  9.006 |  93.802 | 156.746 | 475.179 | 411.674
  Spaniards       |  2.440 |  20.169 |  44.802 | 148.394 | 124.891
  French          |    720 |   6.360 |  32.938 |  78.914 |  40.544
  Austrians       |    226 |     819 |   3.469 |  16.479 |   8.681
  English         |    359 |   3.603 |   9.265 |  15.692 |   4.691
  Germans         |    178 |   1.212 |   3.522 |  12.958 |   9.204
  Russians        |        |         |         |   3.837 |  15.665
  Swiss           |    219 |   1.562 |   6.203 |  11.659 |   4.875
  Belgians        |     68 |     519 |     628 |  15.096 |   2.654
  Dutch           |        |         |         |   4.303 |     675
  Portuguese      |        |         |         |   1.751 |   1.612
  Danes           |        |         |         |   1.097 |   1.230
  North Americans |        |         |         |   1.094 |     794
  Swedes          |        |         |         |     613 |     441
  Others          |  1.128 |   6.282 |   7.295 |   8.330 |  13.659
  ----------------+--------+---------+---------+---------+--------
  Total           | 14.344 | 134.328 | 264.868 | 795.396 | 641.290


  Years           |  1900  |  1901  |  1902  |  1903  |    Totals
  ----------------+--------+--------+--------+--------+-----------
  Italians        | 52.143 | 58.314 | 32.314 | 42.358 |  1.331.536
  Spaniards       | 20.383 | 18.066 | 13.911 | 21.917 |    414.973
  French          |  3.160 |  2.788 |  2.378 |  2.491 |    170.293
  Austrians       |  2.024 |  2.742 |  2.135 |  1.378 |     37.953
  English         |    421 |    439 |    405 |    560 |     35.435
  Germans         |    760 |    836 |  1.029 |  1.000 |     30.699
  Russians        |  2.119 |  2.086 |  1.753 |  1.429 |     26.889
  Swiss           |    355 |    363 |    267 |    272 |     25.775
  Belgians        |    117 |    117 |    148 |    174 |     19.521
  Dutch           |     43 |     35 |     37 |     72 |      5.165
  Portuguese      |    205 |    156 |    141 |    202 |      4.067
  Danes           |    121 |    175 |    187 |    139 |      2.949
  North Americans |     89 |    151 |    132 |     93 |      2.353
  Swedes          |     10 |     18 |     21 |     24 |      1.127
  Others          |  2.901 |  3.841 |  3.134 |  3.118 |     49.688
  ----------------+--------+--------+--------+--------+-----------
  Total           | 84.851 | 90.127 | 57.992 | 75.227 |  2.158.423





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