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Lord Bexley, by Francis Cunningham</title> + <style type="text/css"> +/*<![CDATA[ XML blockout */ +<!-- + P { margin-top: .75em; + margin-bottom: .75em; + } + P.gutsumm { margin-left: 5%;} + P.poetry {margin-left: 3%; } + .GutSmall { font-size: 0.7em; } + H1, H2 { + text-align: center; + margin-top: 2em; + margin-bottom: 2em; + } + H3, H4, H5 { + text-align: center; + margin-top: 1em; + margin-bottom: 1em; + } + BODY{margin-left: 10%; + margin-right: 10%; + } + table { border-collapse: collapse; } +table {margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;} + td { vertical-align: top; border: 1px solid black;} + td p { margin: 0.2em; } + .blkquot {margin-left: 4em; margin-right: 4em;} /* block indent */ + + .smcap {font-variant: small-caps;} + + .pagenum {position: absolute; + left: 92%; + font-size: small; + text-align: right; + font-weight: normal; + color: gray; + } + img { border: none; } + img.dc { float: left; width: 50px; height: 50px; } + div.gapspace { height: 0.8em; } + div.gapline { height: 0.8em; width: 100%; border-top: 1px solid;} + div.gapmediumline { height: 0.3em; width: 40%; margin-left:30%; + border-top: 1px solid; } + div.gapshortdoubleline { height: 0.3em; width: 20%; + margin-left: 40%; border-top: 1px solid; + border-bottom: 1px solid; } + div.gapdoubleline { height: 0.3em; width: 50%; + margin-left: 25%; border-top: 1px solid; + border-bottom: 1px solid;} + div.gapshortline { height: 0.3em; width: 20%; margin-left:40%; + border-top: 1px solid; } + .citation {vertical-align: super; + font-size: .8em; + text-decoration: none;} + img.floatleft { float: left; + margin-right: 1em; + margin-top: 0.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; } + img.floatright { float: right; + margin-left: 1em; margin-top: 0.5em; + margin-bottom: 0.5em; } + img.clearcenter {display: block; + margin-left: auto; + margin-right: auto; margin-top: 0.5em; + margin-bottom: 0.5em} + --> + /* XML end ]]>*/ + </style> +</head> +<body> +<pre> + +The Project Gutenberg eBook, A Letter to the Right Hon. Lord Bexley, by +Francis Cunningham + + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + + + + +Title: A Letter to the Right Hon. Lord Bexley + containing a statement to the committee of the British and Foreign Bible Society + + +Author: Francis Cunningham + + + +Release Date: March 14, 2012 [eBook #39139] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ISO-646-US (US-ASCII) + + +***START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK A LETTER TO THE RIGHT HON. LORD +BEXLEY*** +</pre> +<p>Transcribed from the 1827 J. Hatchard and Son edition, by +David Price, email ccx074@pglaf.org</p> +<h1><span class="GutSmall">A</span><br /> +LETTER<br /> +<span class="GutSmall">TO</span><br /> +THE RIGHT HON. LORD BEXLEY,</h1> +<p style="text-align: center"><span class="GutSmall">CONTAINING +A</span><br /> +STATEMENT MADE TO THE COMMITTEE<br /> +<span class="GutSmall">OF THE</span><br /> +<b>British and Foreign Bible Society,</b><br /> +<span class="GutSmall">AS TO THE</span><br /> +RELATIONS OF THAT INSTITUTION,<br /> +<span class="GutSmall">WITH</span><br /> +FRANCE, THE VALLEYS OF<br /> +PIEDMONT, SWITZERLAND AND GERMANY.</p> +<div class="gapshortline"> </div> +<p style="text-align: center">BY FRANCIS CUNNINGHAM, M. A.<br /> +<span class="GutSmall">RECTOR OF PAKEFIELD, SUFFOLK.</span></p> +<div class="gapshortline"> </div> +<p style="text-align: center">LONDON:<br /> +<span class="GutSmall">J. HATCHARD AND SON, 187, +PICCADILY.</span></p> +<p style="text-align: center"><span +class="GutSmall">1827.</span></p> +<div class="gapspace"> </div> +<p style="text-align: center"><a name="pageii"></a><span +class="pagenum">p. ii</span><span +class="GutSmall">LONDON:</span><br /> +<span class="GutSmall">IBOTSON AND PALMER, PRINTERS, SAVOY +STREET, STRAND.</span></p> +<h2><a name="pageiii"></a><span class="pagenum">p. +iii</span>PREFACE</h2> +<p>The circumstances which have given rise to the publication of +the following letter are briefly these:—At the departure of +the Author for the continent, in the month of April, 1826, he +tendered his services generally to the Committee of the British +and Foreign Bible Society; and received from that body the power +of disposing of a certain number of copies of Bibles and +Testaments, at any opportunities which might present themselves +to him on his journey. Of this power he availed himself; +and, on his return to London, in the month of December, he went +to the Committee to give an account of the trust which had been +committed to him. Whilst he was doing this, it was natural +that he should add to his statement a few observations, connected +with the objects of the Institution itself; and more especially, +as various errors, into which it was charged with having fallen, +had become the subjects of public discussion, both in Scotland +and in England. These observations Lord Bexley, one of the +Vice-Presidents of the Bible Society, then occupying the Chair of +the Committee, <a name="pageiv"></a><span class="pagenum">p. +iv</span>requested, in the name of those over whom he presided, +might be communicated in writing; and, in compliance with this +request, the following statement was sent.</p> +<p>After some delay, the author, at the suggestion of several +friends, has been led to make it public, hoping that it may +supply to the supporters of the Bible Society new motives for +earnestly and generously persevering in their efforts to promote +the circulation of the Scriptures; and, to the assailants of that +Institution, an answer to some of the charges which they, in his +apprehension, have hastily and unwarrantably brought forward.</p> +<p>The Author can only hope this document may be a means of +forwarding the interests of the Bible Society—an +Institution, which, in his mind, whatever may be the evil +resulting from the circulation of the apocryphal books, has sown +the seed of more important benefits to mankind than even the +Reformation itself.</p> +<div class="gapspace"> </div> +<p><i>Pakefield</i>, <i>April</i> 5, 1827.</p> +<h2><a name="page1"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 1</span><span +class="GutSmall">A</span><br /> +LETTER,<br /> +<i>&c.</i></h2> +<div class="gapshortline"> </div> +<p> <span class="smcap">My +Lord</span>,</p> +<p>In compliance with a wish so kindly expressed by your +Lordship, I shall now endeavour to communicate in writing the +substance of what I took the liberty of stating in the Committee +of the British and Foreign Bible Society. The observations +there made chiefly respected the state of religion on the +continent of Europe—especially as connected with that +institution whose Committee I had the honour of addressing; and +they were exclusively such as had been suggested to me during a +journey of eight months through the various countries, to which +it was my endeavour to draw the attention of your Lordship and +the Committee.</p> +<p>I must beg leave, however, to preface this brief and +inadequate statement by two or three observations.</p> +<p>In the first place, I must intreat that if this written +document should not be found precisely to correspond in +expression or detail with the address to the Committee, the +difference may be ascribed, not to intention, but to a defect of +memory. That address was altogether extempore; and my +recollection of particular expressions I may have employed, is +very imperfect.</p> +<p>In the next place, I wish to have it understood, that although +I should not have committed this statement to the press, except +at the wish of some members of the Committee of the Bible +Society, I, myself am alone responsible <a name="page2"></a><span +class="pagenum">p. 2</span>for the facts and opinions it +contains. It was highly satisfactory to me to discover that +many of the views taken by myself of the subjects upon which I +spoke, corresponded with those of a large proportion of the +Committee. In other points, I might not be so fortunate as +to agree with that majority. But, whatever might be the +amount of that agreement or disagreement, I desire alone to be +made responsible for the contents of this paper.</p> +<p>I must also be permitted to say that, in this communication, a +few names and particulars have been suppressed, which I did not +hesitate to produce to the Committee. It is obvious that +circumstances which might safely be named within walls, from +which they were not likely to escape; might produce +inconvenience, if published and circulated upon the continent of +Europe.</p> +<p>I shall now proceed to give the substance of what I ventured +to offer to the Committee.</p> +<p>My first visit was to France, where I remained almost +continually journeying for several months. It was a +satisfaction to me to arrive at Paris in time to attend the +annual public meeting of the Bible Society. I can truly say +that the meeting was in the highest degree interesting. The +character of the reports, especially those of the Ladies’ +and Mechanics’ Society—the attendance of so many +ministers of religion—the introduction of extempore +speaking—the feeling of warmth and zeal which seemed almost +universally to prevail—left me no doubt but that a deep +interest pervaded the minds of large numbers on the subject of +the circulation of the Scriptures. I afterwards visited +many of the auxiliaries, great and small, of the Society in +different provinces, and the hopes formed at the meeting at Paris +were not disappointed. It happened to me to pass through +one small village in a very solitary situation in the centre of +France, where three associations had been formed—one of +children, another of young women, and a third of the population +at large. In this village, under a very pious and able +minister, Mr. Duvivier, it was interesting to observe to what an +extent education <a name="page3"></a><span class="pagenum">p. +3</span>had gone hand in hand with the circulation of the word of +God. Some of the children in the school repeated, as a +Sunday task, not less than two hundred verses of the New +Testament.</p> +<p>With many of the larger auxiliaries of the Society, I was +particularly gratified. In some districts the circulation +of the Scriptures was very considerable. In others, much +still remained to be done. The Protestant ministers were +the general agents and protectors of the institution; and, there +were many of them full of activity. Two collateral benefits +of the Bible Society were particularly obvious in +France,—in the first place, the truly valuable object which +it supplied to many pious, active, and benevolent minds, which +powers might have been otherwise unemployed: and in the next +place, the rallying point which it afforded for the really pious +of all classes. It is difficult to say to what an extent +the society has enlarged the efficiency, and strengthened the +union of the religious body amongst the Protestants.</p> +<p>Such was the influence of these and other circumstances on my +own mind, that I often found occasion to observe to my fellow +travellers, that, if ever I had doubted the benefits of the +society, those doubts must now have vanished.</p> +<p>Amongst both Catholics and Protestants much good has been +accomplished by the British and Foreign Bible Society. By +means of one of the most active agents of this institution, the +late Mr. Owen, the society was regularly established amongst the +Protestants. And, amongst the Catholics, even where the +Bible Society has not been able to obtain any regular +establishment by means of our agents, a large number of Bibles +and Testaments has been distributed in the schools, hospitals, +and prisons, and amongst the population at large. I have +seen the Testaments of this society in various important schools; +in the hands of the sick, and in the wards of the hospital. +I have known them carried to the infirm and the dying by those +who are so emphatically and justly called the Sœurs de la +Charité. <a name="page4"></a><span +class="pagenum">p. 4</span>I had myself also the happiness of +distributing five hundred copies of those so kindly committed to +me by the society in a prison containing upwards of four thousand +individuals. We cannot believe that these various gifts +have been made in vain. Much of the fruit will be +discovered only on the great day, when the secrets of all hearts +shall be disclosed. But in the mean time no man can follow +the course of the Bible without perceiving the benefits resulting +from its circulation. In one instance, I cannot but doubt +that the conversion of a large body from Popery to Protestantism, +in a city in the south of France, has been materially assisted by +the operations of this society.</p> +<p>There are yet two points in connexion with France, on which I +feel it necessary to trouble the Committee. In the first +place, I have a debt of justice and gratitude to render to +Professor Kieffer, your society’s agent at Paris. I +will here say nothing on the subject of his opinions with regard +to the distribution of the Apocryphal books, except that, whether +he is right or wrong, he has found many both good and wise men on +the continent and elsewhere, who agree in the views which he has +adopted. With respect to his religious orthodoxy, which I +understand has been most unjustly called in question in this +country, I feel it right to say, that no one who knows him can +entertain a doubt.</p> +<p>As to talents, diligence, vigilance, and zeal, as an agent of +this society, he has few equals, and can scarcely have a +superior. As a man of business, of regularity, vigour, and +dispatch, he is very conspicuous—and those who know the +immense deficiency of business-like habits on the continent, will +know how to value such important qualities in the agent they +employ.</p> +<p>The other subject respects the decision of the British and +Foreign Bible Society, as to the distribution of the Apocryphal +books. It would be unjust to deny that, when the question +concerning the rejection of these books was first proposed to the +Bible Societies in France, they almost <a name="page5"></a><span +class="pagenum">p. 5</span>unanimously declared their strong +preference for Bibles with the Apocrypha. In the +<i>Lutheran</i>, which is the smaller part of the Protestant +church of France, this preference still, to a considerable +degree, prevails. But among the members and ministers of +the <i>Reformed</i> church, and especially those who felt the +real value of the word of God, I was rejoiced to find, how few +dissented from your late resolution. And I feel assured +that, when the question comes to be presented to continental +churches in all its bearings, and the danger is shown of thus +commingling error with truth, their grounds of opposition will be +removed; and they will feel it their duty to pursue the same +course as that in which your society has so wisely taken the +lead.</p> +<p>It remains only with regard to France, that I should take the +liberty of urging upon the Committee the duties of the most +strenuous and affectionate co-operation. It is impossible +not to consider the general state of the Protestant churches as +much advanced during the interval of five years when I before +visited them. The political feeling of the Protestants +appeared to me a good deal improved; and the government in +general of France has done much to deserve their confidence and +gratitude. The Protestants themselves seem to me much more +sensible of the state of decay in their church; and are in +proportion desirous of its restoration to life. It is true +that heterodoxy of a very deplorable kind has, to a considerable +degree, crept into the universities of that country. But I +was often struck by observing, that when some of the clergy +taught in those universities, entered upon the discharge of their +pastoral office; and it became their direct object to withdraw +the profligate from sin, and lead the miserable to +comfort—to confirm the wavering, to meet the wants and +wishes of our fallen nature, to assuage the sufferings of an +awakened conscience, and supply a strong refuge in the hour of +death, they have been compelled to desert their own ground, and +seek, within the enclosure of orthodox and evangelical religion, +the weapons of their <a name="page6"></a><span class="pagenum">p. +6</span>warfare, and the means of consolation and of joy. I +was delighted indeed to find some of those who had been +instructed in the Neological school, among the most zealous +promoters of the truth as it is in Christ.</p> +<p>I shall next beg of the Committee to pass on with me from +France to <i>Italy</i>. To the northern parts of this +country, however, my visit was alone extended; and there I found +the same obstacles to exist against the free circulation of the +word of God, of which other travellers have complained. One +exception however may be stated, and that with regard to a people +whose cause has excited a warm and most honourable interest in +this country—the Protestant inhabitants of Piedmont. +They, in common with the other Protestant subjects of the King of +Sardinia, are now permitted to receive books of every kind, on +payment of duty, and, on the condition that they are neither +sold, lent, nor given to Catholics. This concession came at +a time of peculiar importance; as it facilitated the introduction +of the large grant of Bibles lately made by this society to the +Protestant inhabitants of the vallies. And I learned from +the principal agent of the Bible Society in those quarters, that +they had received nearly 5000 <a name="citation6"></a><a +href="#footnote6" class="citation">[6]</a> Bibles and Testaments +from different institutions. These grants are of greater +value at this moment, when the Vaudois Committee in London is so +wisely and assiduously labouring to establish schools of various +kinds in these vallies. I am requested to present the +cordial thanks of the ministers of the Vaudois church to this +society.</p> +<p>The next point to which I would call the attention of this +Committee, is Geneva. The character and services of the +Bible Society in that city have, it appears to me, been +grievously misrepresented in some of the recent publications in +this country, on the subject of the Apocryphal controversy. +From the fact of the society in Geneva not discovering much zeal +for the distribution of the Geneva version of 1805, of which the +orthodoxy was called <a name="page7"></a><span class="pagenum">p. +7</span>in question, the consequence has arisen, that the friends +of that version have gradually seceded from the ranks of the +institution. And, let it be recorded to the praise of the +society at Geneva, that, when the great mass of the continental +Bible Societies were anxious, by establishing counter resolutions +of their own, to manifest a spirit of resistance to the +Anti-Apocryphal resolution of the London Committee, the Geneva +Society opposed this measure, and publicly manifested its +fidelity towards the British and Foreign Bible Society, and its +lively gratitude for the favours bestowed upon it through a +series of years. Assisted by powerful auxiliaries, and +especially by that of Satigny, under the administration of a most +enlightened and devout member of the church, M. le Pasteur +Gaussen, they are doing much for that part of Switzerland, and +supplying an example on the continent, of sending money for the +distribution of books in remote parts of the world. Of two +individuals, occupying distinguished posts in that society, I +must say a few words. Its president, M. Vernet, is a person +who has experimentally felt the value of the Bible, and +manifested, in circumstances of deep trial, his confidence in its +instructions and consolations; and the secretary, M. Gautier, is +an individual in whose friendship as a Christian, and zeal as a +member of this society, I have found much cause to rejoice. +That the Committee is not framed upon a more comprehensive and +generous principle, is to be regretted; but it labours +assiduously and successfully as to the great object for which it +is brought together.</p> +<p>The Bible Society of the Canton de Vaud has acted upon the +principle of securing to itself a permanent income, for the +perpetual distribution of the Holy Scriptures, independent of new +contributions—by funding its capital. This measure +has displeased many individuals in the Canton; and has probably +assisted to give birth to other societies in Lausanne and its +neighbourhood, acting upon a different principle. I speak +from pretty accurate knowledge of that Canton, when I say, that +the state of <a name="page8"></a><span class="pagenum">p. +8</span>religion is very remarkably improved in it. It is +impossible that any one who reads the religious publications of +the day should be ignorant of the severe measures adopted by the +government of the Canton de Vaud, within a few years, to prevent +religious meetings, and otherwise obstruct the course of true +religion. But the advancement in piety, and especially +amongst the members of the Established Church, is not a little +conspicuous. I can truly say, that I visited no place where +the spirit of religious enquiry was more alive, and where the +taste was more extended for simple biblical reading. The +severity of the government has in a great measure relaxed. +The piety of the people has increased. Is it unfair to +consider as one of the instruments of this improvement, that, in +addition to the number of Bibles before in circulation there has +been circulated, by the Bible Society of that place, 15,000 +copies of the word of God, amongst a population of 160,000 +persons?</p> +<p>As to the newly revised edition of Osterwald’s Bible, +published at Lausanne, it is impossible not to condemn in it both +the deviations from the original, and the employment, in what are +called the improvements, of a great deal of paraphrastic +language. In speaking of that edition of the Bible, I think +it right, however, to bear my humble testimony to the general +character of the authors of this revision; and to state my +conviction of the facility with which your Committee may have +been betrayed into something of undue confidence in them. +The gentlemen engaged in that revision, were some of them amongst +the persons in the highest general estimation for talents and +piety: of Professor Levade, the president of the Lausanne Bible +Society, I may say that a more faithful friend to the general +distribution of the Scriptures cannot be found. I have +myself taken the liberty of strongly expressing my dissent from +him upon various subjects connected with the society in general, +and the Lausanne edition in particular. But I must be +allowed to say to his honour, that, independent of the labour and +cost he has sacrificed on this edition of the Bible, he has for a +series of years sustained <a name="page9"></a><span +class="pagenum">p. 9</span>the burden of the Cantonal Bible +Society on his almost unassisted shoulders, and continues to +exhaust the strength of his declining age in giving efficiency to +the operations of this Institution.</p> +<p>The next Bible Society of importance which I visited was that +of Basle. I was there soon brought into communication with +the Committee on the subject of their temporary estrangement from +your Society on the ground of the late resolution as to the +Apocryphal Books. I endeavoured to explain to the Committee +the probable result of the resolutions to which they had come of +refusing to be even the agents of those Societies which had +resolved in no way to assist in the circulation of the +Apocrypha. When they found that the decision of the London +Committee was the result, not of prejudice, but of conscience, +they at once gave up their own resolutions, and acquiesced in the +proposal which was made to them. They passed a resolution +expressive of their kind sympathy towards the British and Foreign +Bible Society; and they undertook still to serve it as agents; +although, at the same time, they could not, according to their +judgment of the question, consent personally, and for themselves, +to circulate Bibles without the Apocryphal Books. I cannot +easily convey to you the high opinion which I formed of the +Committee of the Bible Society of Basle, and of its venerable +President, the Antistes. The interest which they feel, and +the labour which they devote to the distribution of the +Scriptures is what I have never seen exceeded in any other place, +and I can have no doubt, that whatever commission you are pleased +to entrust to them, will be judiciously and faithfully +executed.</p> +<p>It is my wish in the last place to say something on the state +of Germany. And here the few observations I have to offer +will be of a somewhat more general nature, or, at least, less +confined to particular societies.</p> +<h3>I. As to the question of the Apocrypha.</h3> +<p>The German Societies labour under great difficulty respecting +<a name="page10"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 10</span>the +Apocryphal Books; and the greater part of them are not at present +disposed to give them up. They ground their determination +in general upon the following reasons. 1st. In all +cases in Germany the Societies are sanctioned by the government +of the respective countries, on the implied condition of +distributing the Scriptures as approved by the ecclesiastical +authority, i.e. with the Apocryphal Books. In some cases +that condition is even expressed. The Societies could not +therefore alter the mode of distributing the Scriptures, without +the permission of the government, which permission they apprehend +would not be granted if it were asked. 2d. There are +in Germany a vast variety of moral school books, the lessons of +which are taken partly from the Apocrypha, and which they imagine +would be useless if the Apocrypha were taken from common +use. 3dly. The original principle on which the +Foreign Societies formed their alliance with the British and +Foreign Bible Society was <i>conciliatory</i>. The +Anti-apocryphal resolution they hold to be <i>reforming</i>; and +they think that no Bible Society has a right to establish a +reforming principle as a law to other Bible Societies. +4th. The question being, as they conceive, whether each +Bible Society shall be permitted to bind the Apocrypha together +with the canonical books, at their own expence; they think they +may claim for the Apocrypha bound up with the Bible, the same +liberty which is exercised in England in the case of prayer books +bound up with the word of God. A person, they apprehend, in +this country may bind up with the Bible he receives from the +Bible Society whatever tract he pleases, without forfeiting his +right as a member of that Society.—Some persons desire to +retain the Apocryphal books as valuable historical documents; +others fear the ill consequences which might result from +appearing to the ill-informed to take away a part of +Scripture.—Of all these reasons it may be said that they +are founded, rather on views of expediency, than conscience; and +are not therefore to be put in comparison with the great +principle involved in this question, and <a +name="page11"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 11</span>which has +directed the decision of the London Committee, viz. whether that +which is <i>not</i> the word of God ought to be put on a level +with that which <i>is</i>. I cannot but think that if our +Christian brethren in Germany were led to this view of the +question; that if the writers on the subject, in this country, +were to direct a little of the zeal for their instruction upon +this point; the more pious part of our neighbours would be +induced, at no distant period, to adopt the resolution which we +have established. In the meantime, there are very many +persons and districts, as the correspondence of the Society may +testify, who, even now, are willing to receive and distribute the +Bible without the apocryphal writings. The example of these +societies will, I doubt not, work powerfully upon others.</p> +<p>From all that I was able to learn in Germany, it appeared to +me that, to every class of protestants, the resolution of your +Committee respecting the Apocrypha will be attended with immense +advantage. Great benefit may result, from this resolution, +to the general theological teaching of that country. A +large proportion of the errors of the German divines, appear to +me to have originated in breaking down the boundaries of +inspiration. The first work published by Semler, who may be +considered as the originator of the new school of Theology, in +Germany, is entitled “Apparatus ad liberalem Novi +Testamenti Interpretationem.” The object of this work +is to give extent to the powers of human reason; and, in defiance +of the common notions of the authority of inspiration, to +accommodate Scripture to the philosophic views of the +author.—Subsequent writers have contended for the partial +inspiration of the Scripture; others for the unreasonableness of +inspiration altogether, &c. till the dignity and authority of +the divine sanction, is wholly withdrawn from the word of God, +and critics have felt themselves at liberty to discuss both the +books of the Bible, and their contents with no other restraint +than they would feel in the examination of the most ordinary +publication. Now the anti-apocryphal <a +name="page12"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 12</span>resolution of +the Committee will I conceive go far to suggest for each +man’s consideration, this important +question—“What is, and what is not the Bible?” +and, thus, a primary and most important question will be +discussed, one which must stand at the basis of all sound +theology; and this, if rightly determined, will assist to bring +back the German divines from the wild notions they have so +generally adopted; and the benefit resulting from this resolution +will probably be a larger distribution of the Bible itself. +In those cases amongst the protestants where the societies may +refuse to act as agents for the distribution of our canonical +books, which cases will, I apprehend, eventually be very few; +those societies may be prompted to greater exertion to secure +their independent existence; and in the case of most Bible +Societies, it will be found that they are capable of doing much +more for themselves, and others, than they have done, whilst they +continued to receive assistance from this country.</p> +<p>With respect to the Catholic population any considerable +distribution of the <i>Old</i> Testament will undoubtedly be +prevented by the Anti-apocryphal resolution. But this need +not hinder the circulation of the <i>New</i> Testament. +This indeed may be distributed in larger abundance than +before. Leander Van Ess told me that he had then before him +applications for 30,000 copies of the Catholic New Testament, +whilst he had only two or 300 in his depository; and that he +waited only for the direction of your Society to encrease his +circulation to a very great amount.—I have no hesitation +then in offering my cordial approbation to those who have +supported the Anti-apocryphal Resolution of the Bible +Society. Independently of every other consideration, this +resolution will I think, speedily, as well as remotely, be +attended with important benefit as respects the advancement of +real Christian knowledge.</p> +<p>II. It may be desirable to say a few words as to the +<i>Committees and officers of the German</i> Bible +Societies. It has been a subject of grief to me, on my +return to this country, to find these individuals reproached, in +very general <a name="page13"></a><span class="pagenum">p. +13</span>terms, as ‘infidels,’ +‘Neologians,’ ‘designing men,’ ‘who +have taken the offices they hold for their crafts’ +sake,’ &c.</p> +<p>It is true I apprehend that many Neologians are connected with +the Bible Societies in Germany,—some by virtue of the +offices they hold, and others voluntarily. In Heidelburg +for instance the fundamental rules of the Society placed all the +professors of divinity attached to the university, ex-officio, +upon the Committee of the Bible Society. One of these +individuals is the professor Paulus. But from all the +inquiries I was able to make, I could never learn that any +individual in Germany, publicly holding neological opinions, was +an <i>active agent</i> of the Bible Society. And how could +any thing like an active agency be expected of such +individuals. After the Bible Society had been formed in +Germany, it soon spread very rapidly. Many Neologians, from +various motives no doubt, enlisted themselves in its ranks. +But what was the real history of this movement? The +religious body were the originators of these societies, but they +were soon compelled to seek the protection of others in +authority, because the existence of societies in many countries +must depend upon their sanction; and they were glad, even in +other cases, to make those who heeded not the word of God +themselves, the distributors of it to the rest of the +world. But if, at this time, there are inactive agents of +the German Bible Societies; if there are even secretaries who +feel very little of the value of the Bible,—are there no +counterparts to these in our own country? We take the best +we can get,—lament their deficiencies,—and devoutly +wish them better; but still we prefer the deposit for Bibles +being placed in such hands, rather than having no deposit at +all.</p> +<p>I am able, however, by a convincing document, to shew what is +the real estimate taken of the Bible Society by the Neological +party in Germany. There is published at Darmstadt what is +called the Church Newspaper, which is devoted to the +consideration of subjects connected with religion. The +editor of this paper, as you will judge by <a +name="page14"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 14</span>the following +extract, is a Neologian, and let us hear the language in which he +speaks of the Bible Societies.</p> +<p>Extract from the Church Newspaper of Germany, Kirchen +Allgemeine Zeitung, published at Darmstadt, Sept. 28th 1826.</p> +<blockquote><p style="text-align: center"><i>Heading of the +Number</i>.</p> +<p>“Verily were Christ now to appear again he would say, +‘Woe unto you, Scribes and Pharisees, Hypocrites,’ +for ye anxiously cling to the letter of the Scriptures, which ye +misunderstand; and the spirit, of which ye cannot comprehend; ye +insist on the doctrine of a dead faith, but neglect the weightier +matters of the law, judgment and mercy; and ye appear outwardly +pious whilst within ye are full of hypocrisy and +wickedness. Depart from me, he would exclaim, ye workers of +iniquity, projectors of heresy, slanderers, and breakers of the +peace, I never knew you.”</p> +<p style="text-align: center">“ON BIBLE +SOCIETIES.”</p> +</blockquote> +<p>After stating some general advantages which might result from +the distribution of the Scriptures amongst the Heathen, such as +“calling into action the slumbering energies of man,” +“ameliorating his nature,” and laying the +“foundation of his moral improvement;” the editor +goes on to mention the ordinary arguments which are made use of +against Bible Institutions in Germany, and which arise chiefly +from the part which foreigners have taken in their +establishment.</p> +<p>He then states some particular reasons which should lead his +readers more carefully to consider the mode of conducting Bible +Societies, and to greater caution in lending them their support +and patronage, particularly at the present period.</p> +<p>I now give the translation of an extract.</p> +<blockquote><p>“In the first place we feel ourselves +constrained to assert, that the dissemination of the Scriptures +does not appear to us to be conducted in a proper spirit, and +with proper views. If we investigate the character of <a +name="page15"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 15</span>many of those +who distinguish themselves by more than ordinary activity in the +cause, it cannot be denied that they very frequently seem to +possess only a narrow view of theology, and exceeding littleness +of mind. That laudable veneration, which they feel for the +word of God, easily acts in them, in the absence of more solid +theological attainments, as a check to the liberty of thought and +judgment, to which Christianity leads; they confound an +ecclesiastical system of doctrine with the Gospel, they adhere +with enthusiastic devotedness to exterior forms, and sacrifice to +these the heavenly spirit of Christianity; they seek the +essentials of our religion in the blood and wound theology <a +name="citation15"></a><a href="#footnote15" +class="citation">[15]</a> (blut und wunden theologie) of former +centuries, and it is sufficiently clear that, by the exertions of +such men, a blind adherence to the mere letter of the word of God +is again sought to be brought into use, to the great injury of +genuine Christianity and moral improvement. The peculiar +interest which Mystics and Pietists of the present day take in +the advancement of Bible Societies, and the connection in which +they frequently stand with those who create disorders, by dissent +and separation from the church, is a sign of the times which +ought not to be passed over unnoticed.”</p> +</blockquote> +<p>The editor next objects to the resolution taken in England on +the subject of the Apocrypha. This the editor thinks should +be opposed, on the ground, amongst other reasons, that two +<i>thirds of the canonical books of the Old Testament</i> might +<i>with far less injury be withheld than one single book of the +Apocrypha</i>, for instance, the book of Sirach, &c. +&c.</p> +<p>I think from this extract it will be obvious, that the Bible +Society abroad is regarded by the enemies of the truth as a great +instrument for promoting evangelical religion; and, in spite of +what has been said against its agents and its apocryphal books, I +cannot but concur with the <a name="page16"></a><span +class="pagenum">p. 16</span>German editor, in his general +argument. It is my deliberate conviction, that the Bible +Society has been in Germany the instrument of the greatest good; +and, if some of the heads of this institution have not profited +by it as they ought, the poor at least, in many considerable +districts, have been gainers to an extent of which those are +little aware who have not carefully investigated the subject.</p> +<p>In another part of the continent, I certainly found some +persons, professedly heterodox in their opinions, who were +nevertheless, active friends of the Bible Society. In one +case, I heard that the public meeting of a very large city; and +in another, that the welfare of a society, in an immense +Protestant district, depended upon the exertions of persons of +the class above described. But could I fail, in such cases, +to thank God, who had kindly placed the antidote so near to the +bane, and had employed an enemy of the truth as the destroyer of +his own principles?</p> +<p>III. A point, to which I must refer, is that of the +<i>persecution of religious characters</i> in Germany, and which +persecutions have been represented as at least sanctioned by the +friends of the Bible Society. This statement as a general +fact, I believe to be utterly incorrect. I took great pains +to investigate it on the spot. I wish, for obvious reasons, +not to enter far into particulars. But of one individual, +whose history has been before the public, and whose sufferings +have been introduced to their notice with a sort of tragical +effect, I can venture, after a minute inquiry, to affirm, that +his troubles arose, not so much from his simple proclamation of +the truths of the Gospel, as from his indiscretions, from his +resistance to civil as well as ecclesiastical regulations, and +his general intemperance of conduct. I must also add, that +some of the persons who <i>protected</i> that individual, were at +the very time active agents of the Bible Society in their own +country. One simple fact will be sufficient to establish +these statements. The truths of the Gospel have been and +are proclaimed, and are tolerated, and even approved <a +name="page17"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 17</span>in several of +the places from whence this individual was driven.</p> +<p>With respect to the Canton de Vaud, a statement to the same +effect has been made. It is certain that an angry feeling +was excited in the minds of several members of the Committee of +the Bible Society of that district, on the occasion which gave +rise to the persecutions in that Canton. At the same time, +any participation in this persecution is, as to himself, +distinctly disavowed by Professor Levade; and certainly those who +were the writers or actors in this persecution do not appear in +any way in the list of the officers of the Bible Society. +Two circumstances connected with the measures which were pursued +in this Canton, in opposition to religious meetings, are +sufficiently remarkable and interesting to deserve our +notice. In the first place, the astonishing progress of +religion during this period; and, in the second, the discovery, +during the brief continuance of this opposition, of the utter +inefficiency of intolerant measures in checking the progress of +inquiry after truth.</p> +<p>IV. A point, which I must bring before your notice, is +the actual <i>state of true religion</i> on the <i>continent</i>, +and more especially in <i>Germany</i>. It is certainly true +that Neology has to a lamentable extent taken possession of the +universities, the public prints, and the higher orders of +society. At the same time I believe, that the statements +which have gone abroad, of the extent of its prevalence, are, as +to two points, inaccurate. In the first place, they +describe only one side of the case; for, if there is much +infidelity and neology on the continent, there is also a +considerable sprinkling of true religion. And, secondly, +The evil which has existed, and does exist, may be said to be +every day diminishing. As to the first of these facts, I +could point out individuals, parishes, and districts, where real +religion is in active operation; places and persons altogether +unconnected with those agents from England, who have been said to +be the only instruments of doing important good on the continent, +and which are therefore unrecognised <a name="page18"></a><span +class="pagenum">p. 18</span>by them, and possibly unknown to +them. I could name one little knot of parishes, all within +a small circle, in which are twelve ministers, earnest, orthodox, +and devout servants of the Redeemer. I could name another +place, where forty ministers were lately assembled for purposes +of religious and spiritual communion. I might also allege +the fact, that at different universities there are professors who +openly, and from the heart, confess the true faith. I may +indeed affirm that, from the cottages of the poor to the palaces +of kings, there are those who walk worthy their high vocation as +Christians and as men. The admitted evils are every day +diminishing. The number of converts is increasing. +The opinions of Paulus and Schulthess seem likely to die away +with themselves. What can be more remarkable than the +change which has taken place in the kingdom of Prussia, where the +leaders of the state and the university may now be said to hold +the very opposite creed to that which obtained with their +immediate predecessors?</p> +<p>There are two individuals, of whom, as connected with Germany, +I feel it right to say a few words—the one is Leander Van +Ess, the other your late invaluable Secretary, Dr. +Steinkopff.</p> +<p>Leander Van Ess I had the happiness of visiting; and I +remained with him during a day, which I passed at +Darmstadt. It was impossible not to be prepared, by his +writings, to form a very high estimate of his character and his +labours; and these expectations were, in my case, in no wise +disappointed. I was struck with his holy devotedness to his +great object, with his unwearied diligence, with his unbounded +charity. He is a man who rises at four o’clock in the +morning to his daily task; pursues it often without cessation +through the day; and, as I was informed by those best acquainted +with his habits, he is often found at midnight occupied with his +work. He is making a new version of the Bible, which, by +the help of the continental Bible Societies, he is about to +print; and, although he holds the opinions of the church to which +he belongs <a name="page19"></a><span class="pagenum">p. +19</span>on the subject of the Apocrypha, he wishes this opinion +to be no hinderance to others; so that they will, in any way, +read the word of God. He is, therefore, preparing his +version for publication, in three forms. First, with the +Vulgate printed in a small type at the bottom of each page, and +with the Apocrypha intermixed; this is the form in which the +Catholics wish to receive it. Secondly, without the +Vulgate, and with the Apocrypha appended, for the Protestants of +that country. Thirdly, without the apocryphal books, for +the distribution of our own Bible Society, if we are disposed to +adopt it. Here is a specimen of that largeness of charity +by which every part of his conduct is influenced. So that, +by Protestants and Catholics, who are partakers of the same +spirit, he is alike esteemed. The king of Wirtemberg has +presented him with a medal, in token of his useful labours in his +kingdom. The grand-duke of Baden has given him money to +purchase Testaments. And the government under which he +lives sanction his proceedings, and one member in particular of +the royal family of the grand-duke affords him constant +protection and assistance. So that kings, I may say, are +“the nursing fathers” of his plans and labours. +I consider this society as privileged, in no ordinary degree, in +having such an agent and friend on the continent. The +assistance which he has already rendered to the Society has been +very considerable. He has a great work on his hands. +Communications are always to be kept open, letters to be written; +and, in a country where there is a fastidiousness in receiving +any religious offering from abroad, no one, who has not tried the +experiment, can judge how much judgment, care, and delicacy it +requires to bestow the gift without injuring the cause it is +intended to promote.</p> +<p>The other individual, to whom I have ventured to refer, is +your late dear and honoured Secretary, Dr. Steinkopff. The +present was not the first opportunity I had enjoyed of tracing +the extent of his labour, and of ascertaining the estimation in +which he is held on the continent. It is <a +name="page20"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 20</span>right to be +known, that Dr. Steinkopff, before he came to England, filled an +office of large correspondence on the subject of religion, and +which gave him perhaps a better acquaintance with the religious +state of Germany, than, I may venture to say, any other +individual. He has constantly held communications with his +successors in the important and influential office which he +himself held; and this has given, to himself, a power of judging +of the exact state of the continent; and, to his labours, a +degree of efficiency, which could scarcely have been possessed +without it. But when I speak of the value of Dr. Steinkopff +to the Bible Society, it is not to any mere outward circumstance +I would mainly advert. I may venture to say, that his +character has been one grand instrument of your success on the +continent. “If,” said a person, of considerable +influence in Germany, to me, “you do not want Dr. +Steinkopff any longer in England, send him over here, and he will +find friends enough.” Wherever he has appeared, +either as the officer of your Society or as a private individual, +he has left a name behind him which, next to the favour of the +Master he has so affectionately and devotedly served, and the +good which he has been the instrument of effecting for his +fellow-creatures, may be his comfort in his hours of sickness and +of solitude. I saw none who knew him who were not ready to +bear testimony to his humility, his conscientiousness, his +vigour, his undeviating devotedness to the Society whose officer +he was. May God long preserve him to assist us by his +counsels, and to advocate the cause of the Society, with a voice +which, whether at home or abroad, has been rarely heard in +vain.</p> +<p>I will now venture, in conclusion, to urge upon the Committee, +as the plain inference from the foregoing statements, what +appears to me to be a most imperious duty. It is that of +cultivating and to manifesting a <i>spirit of kindness</i>, <i>of +generosity</i>, <i>and enlarged benevolence towards our +continental brethren</i>. If it be considered as an offence +that we express our “unfeigned Christian regards” +towards many of our <a name="page21"></a><span class="pagenum">p. +21</span>fellow labourers abroad, I trust that we shall continue +thus to offend. I had constantly occasion on the continent, +whilst speaking on the subject of the Apocrypha to those who most +materially differed from us, to urge, that, whereas by the new +resolution of the British and Foreign Bible Society, the ground +upon which we could unite was somewhat narrowed, our temper of +mind, our sympathy, and love might remain the same; and that, if +we could hope less than ever to “reconcile all +opinions,” we might still endeavour “to unite all +hearts.”</p> +<p>This was the leading principle of our Society in the infancy +of its institution; and, now that we are more matured in age, let +us labour not to depart from it. Far then from advising the +officers of this Society to suffer themselves, in their +communications with the continent, to be lectured into a cold, +dry, measured style of writing, I would exhort them to give vent +to their warm and generous feelings. They may, in so doing, +err in the sight of those disposed to make men “offenders +for a word;” but they will better please the compassionate +Master they serve; they will, under the divine blessing, cherish +the fainting spirit of continental Christianity, and fan that +spark of piety and zeal which is lighted up, I trust, never to be +extinguished.</p> +<p>I hope too the Committee will be encouraged as to the general +objects and operations of the Society. I am, by actual +observation, more than ever convinced, that, on a very large +scale, this institution is on the continent, a favoured +instrument in the hands of Divine Providence. The good +which it has accomplished is immense. The evils which have +been charged upon it, exist, rather in imagination, than in +reality. Let the Committee go on to do what they can, and +to do all in the spirit of love and generosity. Let them +commit every endeavour to the blessing of Him to whom the souls +of the multitudes scattered over the continent are unspeakably +dear; let them be confident that the word of the Lord will have +free course and be glorified; and that millions will arise, at +the last day, to <a name="page22"></a><span class="pagenum">p. +22</span>acknowledge with gratitude and joy the labours of this +Society. Let the temper of the Society remain unimpaired at +home; and it need not be disquieted at objections or assaults +which will not at least commend themselves to the world at large, +by the general spirit in which they have been defended. And +may we never fail to repose an honourable confidence in the +officers and friends of the Society; nor forget, in judging of +others, to take into account the infirmities of our common +nature. May we feel that, having embarked in the glorious +enterprise of making all men acquainted with the pure and +unadulterated word of God, it is not for us to be checked by +slight obstacles; but to go forward, conquering and to conquer, +in the name of him who has loved us, and given himself for us, +and who has consigned this volume, as his precious legacy, to a +perishing and suffering world.</p> +<p style="text-align: center">Believe me, my Lord,</p> +<p style="text-align: center">Your Lordship’s very obedient +servant,</p> +<p style="text-align: right">F. CUNNINGHAM.</p> +<p><i>Pakefield</i>, <i>Lowestoft</i>,<br /> + <i>Jan.</i> 5, 1827.</p> +<div class="gapspace"> </div> +<p style="text-align: center"><span +class="GutSmall">LONDON:</span><br /> +<span class="GutSmall">IBOTSON AND PALMER, PRINTERS, SAVOY +STREET, STRAND.</span></p> +<h2>Footnotes</h2> +<p><a name="footnote6"></a><a href="#citation6" +class="footnote">[6]</a> 2397 Bibles, 2436 Testaments.</p> +<p><a name="footnote15"></a><a href="#citation15" +class="footnote">[15]</a> The doctrine of the atonement of +Christ, and justification by faith.</p> +<p>***END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK A LETTER TO THE RIGHT HON. LORD +BEXLEY***</p> +<pre> + + +***** This file should be named 39139-h.htm or 39139-h.zip****** + + +This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: +http://www.gutenberg.org/dirs/3/9/1/3/39139 + + + +Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions +will be renamed. + +Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no +one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation +(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without +permission and without paying copyright royalties. Special rules, +set forth in the General Terms of Use part of this license, apply to +copying and distributing Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works to +protect the PROJECT GUTENBERG-tm concept and trademark. Project +Gutenberg is a registered trademark, and may not be used if you +charge for the eBooks, unless you receive specific permission. 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