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You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: Notes and Queries, Vol. IV, Number 104, October 25, 1851 + A Medium of Inter-communication for Literary Men, Artists, + Antiquaries, Genealogists, etc. + +Author: Various + +Editor: George Bell + +Release Date: February 18, 2012 [EBook #38926] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1 + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES AND QUERIES, OCT 25, 1851 *** + + + + +Produced by Charlene Taylor, Jonathan Ingram and the Online +Distributed Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net (This +file was produced from images generously made available +by The Internet Library of Early Journals.) + + + + + + +</pre> + + + + +<h1> +<span id="idno">Vol. IV.—No. 104.</span> + +<span>NOTES <small>AND</small> QUERIES:</span> + +<span id="id1"> A MEDIUM OF INTER-COMMUNICATION</span> + +<span id="id2"> FOR</span> +<span id="id3"> LITERARY MEN, ARTISTS, ANTIQUARIES, GENEALOGISTS, ETC.</span> + +</h1> + +<div class="center1"> +<p class="noindent"><b>"When found, make a note of."</b>—C<span class="smcap lowercase">APTAIN</span> C<span class="smcap lowercase">UTTLE.</span></p> +</div> + +<p class="noindent center smaller">V<span class="smcap lowercase">OL</span>. IV.—No. 104.</p> + +<p class="noindent center smaller">S<span class="smcap lowercase">ATURDAY</span>, O<span class="smcap lowercase">CTOBER</span> 25. 1851.</p> + +<p class="noindent center smaller"> Price Sixpence. Stamped Edition, 7<i>d.</i></p> + + + + +<h2><span>CONTENTS.</span></h2> + + + + +<p class="larger"> N<span class="smcap lowercase">OTES</span>:— </p> + +<div class="toc"> + +<p class="indh i5">The Old Countess of Desmond, No. 1. <a title="Go to page 305" href="#Page_305">305</a></p> + + <p class="indh i5">Panslavic Sketches, by Dr. J. Lotsky <a title="Go to page 306" href="#Page_306">306</a></p> + + <p class="indh i5">Monumental Bust of Shakspeare, by J. O. Halliwell <a title="Go to page 307" href="#Page_307">307</a></p> + +<p class="indh i5">Notes on Passages in Virgil, by Dr. Henry <a title="Go to page 307" href="#Page_307">307</a></p> + +<p class="indh i5">Folk Lore:—Superstitions respecting Bees—Bees invited + to Funerals—North Side of Churchyards—Ashton + Faggot: a Devonshire Custom—Offerings + to the Apple-trees: Devonshire Superstition <a title="Go to page 308" href="#Page_308">308</a></p> + +<p class="indh i5">Poetical Imitations <a title="Go to page 310" href="#Page_310">310</a></p> + +<p class="indh i5">Gloucestershire Ballads:—A Gloucester Ditty; George + Ridler's Oven <a title="Go to page 311" href="#Page_311">311</a></p> + +<p class="indh i5">The Caxton Coffer, by Bolton Corney <a title="Go to page 312" href="#Page_312">312</a></p> + +<p class="indh i5">Minor Notes:—Note on the Duration of Reigns—Cock + and Bull Story—"Multa renascentur," &c.—Corruptions + recognised as acknowledged Words <a title="Go to page 312" href="#Page_312">312</a></p> +</div> + +<p class="larger">Q<span class="smcap lowercase">UERIES</span>:—</p> + + +<div class="toc"> + +<p class="indh i5">Mary Queen of Scots and Bothwell's Confession <a title="Go to page 313" href="#Page_313">313</a></p> + +<p class="indh i5"> Minor Queries:—"'Tis Twopence now"—Scythians + blind their Slaves—The "Gododin"—Frontispiece + to Hobbes's Leviathan—Broad Arrow or Arrow Head—Deep + Well near Bansted Downs—Upton Court—Derivation + of Prog—Metrical History of England—Finger + Pillories in Churches—Stallenge Queries—Ancient + MS. History of Scotland—Pharetram de + Tutesbit—Inundation at Deptford—Butler's Sermons—Coleridge's + Christabel—Epigram ascribed to + Mary Queen of Scots <a title="Go to page 314" href="#Page_314">314</a></p> + +<p class="indh i5">M<span class="smcap lowercase">INOR</span> + Q<span class="smcap lowercase">UERIES</span> +A<span class="smcap lowercase">NSWERED</span>:—Meaning of Farlieu—"History + of Anglesey"—The Word "Rile" <a title="Go to page 317" href="#Page_317">317</a></p> +</div> + + +<p class="larger"> R<span class="smcap lowercase">EPLIES</span>:—</p> + + +<div class="toc"> + + <p class="indh i5">Winchester Execution <a title="Go to page 317" href="#Page_317">317</a></p> + +<p class="indh i5">Cockney <a title="Go to page 318" href="#Page_318">318</a></p> + +<p class="indh i5">Sir Edmund Plowden or Ployden <a title="Go to page 319" href="#Page_319">319</a></p> + +<p class="indh i5">General James Wolfe <a title="Go to page 322" href="#Page_322">322</a></p> + +<p class="indh i5">Stanzas in Childe Harold <a title="Go to page 323" href="#Page_323">323</a></p> + +<p class="indh i5"> Replies to Minor Queries:—MS. Note in a Copy of + Liber Sententiarum—Naturalis Proles—Print cleaning—Story + referred to by Jeremy Taylor—Anagrams—Battle + of Brunanburgh—Praed's Works—Sir J. + Davies—Coins of Constantius Gallus—Passage in + Sedley—Buxtorf's Translation of Elias Levita's "Tub + Taam"—Stonehenge—Glass in Windows formerly + not a Fixture—Fortune, infortune, fort une—Matthew + Paris's "Historia Minor"—Sanford's "Descensus"—Death + of Pitt—History of Hawick—"Prophecies of + Nostradamus"—Bourchier Family—William III. + at Exeter—Passage in George Herbert—Suicides + buried in Cross Roads—Armorial Bearing—"Life + of Cromwell"—Harris, Painter in Water + Colours—"Son of the Morning"—Grimsdyke or + Grimesditch—Cagots—The Serpent represented with + a human Head—Fire Unknown—Plant in Texas—Copying + Inscriptions—Chantrey's Statue of Mrs. Jordan—Portraits + of Burke—Martial's Distribution of + Hours <a title="Go to page 326" href="#Page_326">326</a></p> +</div> + +<p class="larger">M<span class="smcap lowercase">ISCELLANEOUS</span>:—</p> + + +<div class="toc"> +<p class="indh i5">Notes on Books, Sales, Catalogues, &c. <a title="Go to page 332" href="#Page_332">332</a></p> + +<p class="indh i5">Books and Odd Volumes wanted <a title="Go to page 333" href="#Page_333">333</a></p> + +<p class="indh i5">Notices to Correspondents <a title="Go to page 333" href="#Page_333">333</a></p> + +<p class="indh i5">Advertisements<a id="Page_305"></a> <a title="Go to page 333" href="#Page_333">333</a><span class="pagenum">[305]</span> </p> + + +<p class="indh i5"> <a id="was_added1"></a><a title="Go to list of vol. numbers and pages" href="#pageslist1" class="fnanchor">List +of Notes and Queries volumes and pages</a></p> +</div> + + + + + +<h2><span class="bla">Notes.</span></h2> + + +<h3><span>THE OLD COUNTESS OF DESMOND, NO. 1.</span></h3> + +<p>The various notices and inquiries at times in your publication +respecting this lady, including, as they do, some sceptical doubts of +her existence, induce me to trouble you with several particulars upon +this subject, of which I have at sundry times, according to the +admirable suggestion of your motto, "when found, made a note." Some of +them, derived from local antiquarian opportunities, will be new; of all +I shall endeavour to make an intelligible arrangement; and as the +subject will probably extend itself too much for a single article suited +to your pages, I propose to place it under these distinct headings:—Was +there an <i>old</i> Countess of Desmond? Is there <i>really</i> a portrait of her? +And, Who was she?</p> + +<p>In reference to the first inquiry, I would observe that the <i>fact</i> of +the existence of such a personage rests upon no modern or uncertain +tradition. This aged lady, according to an account I shall mention +presently, is supposed to have lived to the latter end of the reign of +James I. or beginning of that of Charles I.; and mention is made of her +by Sir Walter Raleigh, in his <i>History of the World</i> (bk. i. p. i. c. +5.), as "personally known to him" as having been married in the reign of +Edward IV. (who died <span class="smcap lowercase">A.D.</span> 1485); and who was living in 1589, and "many +years afterwards, as all the noblemen and gentlemen of Munster can +witness."</p> + +<p>Lord Bacon, in his <i>Natural History</i> (cent. viii. sect. 755.) refers to +her thus:</p> + +<p class="blockquot"> "They tell a tale of the old Countess of Desmond, who lived until + she was seven score years old; that she did <i>dentize</i> twice or + thrice, casting her old teeth, and others coming in their place."</p> + +<p>Horace Walpole, in his <i>Historic Doubts respecting Richard III.</i> (p. +102.), correcting the "misrepresentations regarding his person," says:</p> + +<p class="blockquot"> "The <i>old</i> Countess of Desmond, who had danced with Richard, + declared he was the handsomest man in the room except his brother + Edward, and was very well made."</p> + +<p>This last anecdote of Walpole's is taken from an account which I +certainly have <i>seen</i> and read, but the name of the authority I cannot +now recollect,<a id="Page_306"></a> <span class="pagenum">[306]</span> which stated that the Countess actually outlived +the "trust term for securing her jointure" (a period generally of +ninety-nine years from the date of marriage), "and was obliged in her +old age to appear in a court of justice to establish her rights; and +that it was <i>there</i> and <i>then</i> she delivered Walpole's anecdote to the +judge and audience." All these different yet concurring testimonies seem +satisfactorily to establish the fact that there <i>was</i> a Countess of +Desmond "passing old."</p> + +<p>Then, as to her celebrated <i>picture</i>, of which I have frequently seen +the original on <i>wood</i>, in possession of the "Right Hon. Maurice +Fitzgerald, Knight of Kerry," and have now a print before me, there are +some particulars and questions which may interest your readers.</p> + +<p>The print (same size as the original) is a mezzo-tint, ten inches by +seven inches and a half, and has under it the following inscription:</p> + +<p class="blockquot">"C<span class="smcap lowercase">ATHERINE</span> F<span class="smcap lowercase">ITZGERALD</span> (the + long-lived) C<span class="smcap lowercase">OUNTESS OF</span> D<span class="smcap lowercase">ESMOND</span>, from + an original Family Picture of the same size, painted on Board, in + the possession of the Right Honorable Maurice Fitzgerald, Knight + of Kerry, &c. &c. &c., to whom this plate is most respectfully + dedicated by her very obedient and much obliged humble servant, + H<span class="smcap lowercase">ENRY</span> P<span class="smcap lowercase">ELHAM</span>.</p> + +<p class="blockquot">"This illustrious lady was born about the year 1464, and was + married in the reign of Edward IV., lived during the reigns of + Edward V., Richard III., Henry VII., Henry VIII., Edward VI., + Mary, and Elizabeth, and died in the latter end of James I., or + beginning of Charles I.'s reign, at the great age (as is generally + supposed) of 162 years. Published as the Act directs, at Bear + Island, June 4, 1806. By Henry Pelham, Esq."</p> + +<p>In this print the features are large and strongly marked; the forehead +and upper part of the nose deeply wrinkled, the head covered with a +large full black hood, showing no hair whatever about the face; the +person wrapped in a dark cloak, held by a single button over the breast. +As some of your correspondents speak of portraits of this lady at Knowle +(Vol. iii., p. 341.), Bedgebury, and Penshurst, it may be useful to +compare them with this description, for the following reason.</p> + +<p>Horace Walpole, whose "mission" seems to have been to raise "Historic +Doubts," in a letter to Rev. Mr. Cole, dated May 28, 1774, has the +following sentence:</p> + +<p class="blockquot">"Mr. Pennant has given a new edition of his former <i>Tour</i>, with + more cuts: among others is the <i>vulgar</i> head called the Countess + of Desmond. I told him I had discovered, and proved past + contradiction, <i>that it is Rembrandt's mother</i>. He owned it, and + said he would correct it by a note: but he has not. <i>This is a + brave way of being an antiquary</i>: as if there could be any merit + in giving for genuine what one knows to be spurious."</p> + +<p>This is a very <i>teasing</i> passage. I have no copy of Pennant's <i>Tour</i> by +me; nor do I recollect ever to have seen one with the print here +referred to. Probably some of your numerous correspondents will find +one, and inform us, whether the print in it resembles the description I +have given. It is not at all probable that Pennant's "cut" was copied +from the Knight of Kerry's picture: but <i>if</i> it was copied from any of +those mentioned by your correspondents; and <i>if</i> these be duplicates of +the Knight of Kerry's "family portrait;" and <i>if</i> Horace Walpole's cruel +criticism on Mr. Pennant be correct—then have we all been <i>shamed with +a sham</i>. These are a considerable number of <i>ifs</i>, upon which this +conclusion depends; but in one thing Walpole is correct: "there is no +merit in giving for genuine what one knows to be spurious."</p> + +<p>Of the Mr. Pelham who published the print I have described, there are +some particulars which may interest your readers. He will be found among +the correspondents of the late General Vallancey, whose interest in +Irish antiquities is well known. Mr. Pelham was an ingenious gentleman, +who came to Kerry in the end of the last century, in the character of +agent to the Marquis of Lansdowne; which engagement, after a few years, +he resigned, but continued in the county, a zealous studier of its +antiquities, and intending, as I have heard, either a new County History +or a reprint of Smith's work. He was a good civil engineer, and executed +a great part of a large county and baronial map, afterwards finished by +another hand. Mr. Pelham, who perished prematurely by sudden death, in +his boat, while superintending the building of a Martello tower on Bear +Island, in the River Kenmare, in the very year he published this print, +is said to have been an uncle by half-blood to the present Lord +Lyndhurst, whose grandmother, Sarah Singleton, is said to have married +to her second husband, —— Pelham, an American—Henry Pelham being the +only issue of her second marriage, as John Singleton Copley, father to +the ex-chancellor, was of her first. In my next I propose to consider +the question, Who was the old Countess of Desmond?</p> + + <p class="right"> A. B. R.</p> + + + +<h3><span>PANSLAVIC SKETCHES.</span></h3> + +<p>The idea and conception of <i>Panslavism</i> are the produce of the latent +political events on the Continent, viz. the idea of a +<i>re-crystallisation</i> of a race of people comprising even now sixty +millions, and which in former epochs extended from Archangelsk to +Tissalonichi, where it bordered on the abodes of the Hellenic race. +Having lost their primeval (Indian) civilisation by migrations which +extend to times historical, the only monuments testifying to their most +ancient origin are the languages of these various tribes,—the Russians, +Czechs, Poles, &c. But these languages have all<a id="Page_307"></a> <span class="pagenum">[307]</span> acquired a more +modern type, by a great susception of Greek, Tartarian, Latin, Turkish, +and German phrases and constructions. Fortunately, however, there have +been other branches of this huge nation-tree, which, settled on the +shores of the German ocean, afar from the tracts of migration and the +stations of war, have escaped the influence of the changes contingent on +the contentions and intercourse of men. And thus, the <i>Old Prussian</i>, +the <i>Lithuanian</i>, and the <i>Lettish</i> tongues (dialects) have escaped, as +it were, the changes of improvement, and have remained, in the mouth of +aboriginal inhabitants, such as they were many centuries ago. If the +mythology of the Slavian nations, and their universal complex of +languages, are undoubtedly <i>Indian</i> (Sanscrit), the above-named three +dialects have retained <i>most</i> of their primordial type. I subjoin the +Lord's Prayer, written in these three ancient Slavonic dialects, now +hardly understood by any other save those very same tribes. The +approximation to Sanscrit is most striking, and deserves the notice of +philologists. As a number of persons conversant with Sanscrit, and even +the dialects spoken in India, are to be met with in the British capital, +their attention is most respectfully called to these venerable remains +of old <i>Panslavic</i> tongues.</p> + + <p class="right">D<span class="smcap lowercase">R</span>. J. L<span class="smcap lowercase">OTSKY</span>, Panslave.</p> + + <p class="left"> 8. Robert Street, Hampstead Road.</p> + + + +<h3><span>THE LORD'S PRAYER.</span></h3> + +<h4><span><i>Old Prussian.</i></span></h4> + +<p>Tava nuson, kas tu essei en dangon, svintints virst tvais emnes; pereit +tvais ryks; tvais quaits audasin kagi en dandon tyt deigi no semien, +nuson deinennin geitien dais numans s̄an deinan; bhe etverpeis numas +nusons ausautins, kaimes etverpimai nusons aus̄autenikamans; bhe ni +veddeis mans em perbandasnan, s̄lait isrankeis mans esse vissan +vargan.</p> + + + +<h4><span><i>Lithuanian.</i></span></h4> + +<p>Tive musû, kurs essi danguie, te essie s̄venē amas tavo vardas; te +ateinie tavo karaliste; te nusidŭdie tavo vale, kaip danguie taip ir +ant z̄èmês; dŭna musû diesnis̄ka dûk mums ir sa diena; ir attèisk +mums musû kattes, kaip mes attèidsam savo kattiemus; ir ne vesk mus i +pagundima, bet gèlbèk mus nŭ pikto.</p> + + +<h4><span><i>Letton (Lettish.)</i></span></h4> + +<p>Mûsu têvs debbesîs, svêtîts lai tôp tavs vârds, lai nâk tava valstiba; +tavs prâts lai noteek, ka debbesîs ta arridzan zemmes virzû; mûsû +deenis̄ku maiz dôd mums s̄odeen; un pametti mums mûsu parradus, ka +arrimês pamettam saveem parradneekeem; un ne ceveddi mûs eeks̄ +kârdinas̄anas, bet atpesti mûs no ta launa.</p> + + + +<h3><span>MONUMENTAL BUST OF SHAKSPEARE.</span></h3> + +<p>Mr. T. Kite, the parish clerk of Stratford-on-Avon, has recently +completed a copy in imitation stone from a cast of the monumental bust +of Shakspeare, which appears to me, after a very close and minute +comparison, to be a far more faithful transcript of the original than +any of the kind hitherto accessible to the public. It gives in detail +most accurately those peculiarities which led Sir F. Chantrey to the +opinion that the artist worked from a cast made after death; and if you +would kindly spare a few lines of your paper for a paragraph to that +effect, I feel sure you would not only confer a benefit on Shakspearian +collectors, but at the same time pay a just tribute to Mr. Kite, for the +intelligent pains he has bestowed upon the work. It is scarcely +necessary to say an accurate copy of the Stratford bust is the best +memorial of Shakspeare the public can possess, it being so much superior +in authenticity to any other resemblance.</p> + + <p class="right">J. O. H<span class="smcap lowercase">ALLIWELL</span>.</p> + + <p class="left">Stratford on Avon, Oct. 15.</p> + + + +<h3><span>NOTES ON PASSAGES IN VIRGIL.</span></h3> + +<p class="center">I. "Acti Fatis."—<i>Virg. Æn. I. 36.</i></p> + + <p class="blockquot"> "Si <i>fatis</i>, nulla Junonis invidia est. Si Junonis invidiâ + fatigabantur quomodo dicit <i>acti fatis</i>? Sed hoc ipsum Junonis + odium fatale est. Agebantur <i>fatis</i> Junonis, i.e. <i>voluntate</i>; vel + <i>fatis</i>, pro <i>malis</i>, + ut iii. 182."—S<span class="smcap lowercase">ERVIUS</span>.</p> + + <p class="blockquot"> "Non tam quoniam hoc Junonis odium fatale erat, ut Servius; sed + potius, quoniam hi ipsi Trojanorum, errores fatales + erant."—H<span class="smcap lowercase">EYNE</span>.</p> + +<p>Not only these two, but all other commentators and translators, as far +as I know, have wholly mistaken the meaning of this passage, which is +not <i>that the Trojans were</i> jactati, fatigati, or agitati, <i>harassed, or +driven hither and thither by the fates</i>, (<i>actus</i> being never used in +the sense assigned to it in such interpretation), but simply that they +were <i>driven onward, or toward Latium, by the fates</i> (acti fatis); while +at the same time they were <i>driven backward, or from Latium, by Juno</i>, +(arcebat longe Latio). The result was "multos per annos errabant maria +omnia circum:" words could not more clearly express the opposition of +the forces between which the Trojans were placed; an opposition on which +hangs the whole action of the poem. The <i>invidia</i> of Juno, concerning +which Servius queries, was manifested by her using her utmost exertions +to prevent the Trojans from arriving at the place toward which they were +impelled by the fates, <i>i.e.</i> at which it was fated they should arrive.</p> + +<p>As "acti fatis" here, so "fato profugus venit," verse 6; "sedes ubi fata +quietas ostendunt," verse 209; "data fata secutus," verse 386; "fata +deum vestras exquirere terras imperiis <i>egere</i> suis" (<i>Æn.</i> <span class="smcap lowercase">VII.</span> 239.); +"fatisque vocantia regna" (<i>Æn.</i> v. 656.);<a id="Page_308"></a> <span class="pagenum">[308]</span> &c.; through all which +expressions runs the one constant idea of the fates <i>calling</i>, +<i>forcing</i>, <i>driving</i> (agentia) the Trojans toward Latium.</p> + + +<p class="center"> II. "Sævus ubi Æacidæ telo jacet Hector ubi ingens<br /> + Sarpedon."—<i>Virg. Æn.</i> <span class="smcap lowercase">I.</span> 103.<a id="ubi1"></a><a title="Go to footnote 1." href="#fn1" class="fnanchor">[1]</a> </p> + + + +<p class="footnote"><a id="fn1"></a><a title="Return to text." href="#ubi1" class="label">[1]</a> The +numbering of the lines is that of the Delphin edition.</p> + +<p>Observe how the poet surmounts the obvious difficulty of uniting Hector, +the principal champion of Troy, and Sarpedon, the son of Jove, in one +and the same sentence, without implying a preference for either, without +exalting one at the expense of the other; viz., by counterbalancing, by +an inferior position towards the end of a line, that advantage of +priority of mention, which he must necessarily give to one of them; and +by compensating the other for the disadvantage of being placed second in +order, by the double advantage of first place in a line, and separation +from the rest of the line by a sudden pause.</p> + + + + <p class="center">III. "Ubi tot Simois correpta sub undis<br /> + Scuta virum galeasque et fortia corpora volvit."—<i>Virg. Æn.</i> <span class="smcap lowercase">I.</span> 104.</p> + + + + <p class="blockquot">"Contendit cum Homero (<i>Il.</i> +<span title="[Greek: m.]">μ.</span> 22. <i>seq.</i>). Potest sane + oratio nimis ornata videri ex Æneæ persona; sed innumeris locis + poetæ cum epici, tum tragici, ac lyrici, sibi indulgent in ornatu, + etiam ubi alios loquentes inducunt."—H<span class="smcap lowercase">EYNE</span>.</p> + +<p>This stricture, very seasonable in a commentary on Statius or Lucan, is +wholly inapplicable to Virgil; a poet remarkable, above all others, for +his abstinence from gaudy ornament, and singularly careful to adapt the +sentiment to the character and circumstances of the speaker. The words +in the text, or some similar words, were indispensable to give full +expression to the idea of Æneas; very imperfectly understood either by +the annotators, or, with the exception of Caro, by the translators: +<i>Happy those who died on the plains of Troy, in the sight of their +sires? Oh! that I, too, had perished there by the hand of Tydides, or +been swept away along with so many of my friends by the Simois!</i></p> + +<p class="right"> J<span class="smcap lowercase">AMES</span> H<span class="smcap lowercase">ENRY.</span></p> + +<p class="left">34. Westland Row, Dublin.</p> + + + +<h3><span>FOLK LORE.</span></h3> + +<h4><span><i>Superstitions respecting Bees.</i></span></h4> + +<p>—It is a subject for painful +reflection, that beings of so great skill and useful industry should be +so liable to take affront, as is proved by the anecdotes related of bees +by L. L. L. Who would not grieve, that bees—who have been said to +partake of the Divine nature,</p> + +<div class="poem"> + + <p>"Esse apibus partem divinæ mentis et haustus</p> + <p> Ætherios dixêre"—</p> + +</div> + +<p class="noindent">should reduce themselves, by this susceptibility of offence at (in most +cases imaginary) neglect, to a level with the weakness and folly of +human creatures,—I say human creatures; for in the country I have known +feuds caused by omitting to bid to the funeral of a deceased neighbour, +or to send black gloves. It was to be hoped that these "offensiones +muliebres" (we may add "viriles" also) were peculiar to the human race; +but that, it is apparent, is not so. The custom of giving a piece of the +funeral cake is new to me; though it looks like want of feeling to be +greedy of cake in the hour of affliction, yet there is a sort of +retributive fitness in presenting to these busy people</p> + +<div class="poem"> + + <p> "<i>Melle</i> soporatam et medicatis frugibus offam."</p> + +</div> + +<p class="noindent">It is a grateful acknowledgment of past favours conferred upon the +deceased head of the family, and a retainer for future services to the +survivors.</p> + +<p>With regard to the custom of informing the bees of a death in the +family, and the penalty of omitting to do so, I can add to the proof of +it. I find among some memoranda I made more than five-and-twenty years +ago, the following note:</p> + + <p class="blockquot"> "In Buckinghamshire it is common, on the death of any one of the + family, for the nurse to go to all the bee-hives in the garden, + and tap gently three times, each time repeating three times these + words, 'Little brownie, little brownie, your master's dead;' when + the bees, beginning to <i>hum</i>, show their consent to remain. The + omission of this ceremony, it is believed, would occasion the loss + of the bees by flight, or otherwise."</p> + +<p>To show that a similar custom and belief, though varying in some +particulars, are found upon the continent of Europe, I give the +following extract:</p> + + <p class="blockquot">"In Lithuania, when the master or mistress of the house dies, it + is considered necessary to give notice of the fact to the bees, + horses, and cows, by rattling a bunch of keys; and it is + believed, that if this were omitted the bees and cattle would + die."—See the <i>Journal of Agriculture. Highland and Agricultural + Society of Scotland</i>, Oct. 1848, p. 538.</p> + +<p>One word more of bees: "His head is full of bees" is a Scotch proverb, +said of a drunkard. (Ray's <i>Proverbs</i>, p. 198.) "He has a bee in his +head" is an English proverb. So, "He has a bee in his bonnet." What is +the meaning? As I was writing the last lines I said to a friend who was +lounging in his arm-chair by our fireside, "Why is a drunkard's head +said to be full of bees?" "I don't know," he answered, "unless it is on +account of their <i>humming</i>. You remember," he added,</p> + +<div class="poem"> + + <p>"With a pudding on Sundays, with stout <i>humming</i> liquor,</p> + <p> And remnants of Latin to welcome the vicar."</p> + +</div> + +<p>The half-hour bell rang before we had done talking of and repeating +parts of V. Bourne's "The Wish." Many a time has + "N<span class="smcap lowercase">OTES AND</span> Q<span class="smcap lowercase">UERIES</span>" +given subjects for talk in our family before and after dinner.</p> + + <p class="right"> F. W. T.</p> + +<p>Oliver, in his account of Cherry-Burton (<i>History</i><a id="Page_309"></a><span class="pagenum">[309]</span> <i>of Beverley</i>, +p. 499.), speaks thus on the superstitious practice of informing bees, +and putting them in mourning on the occasion of a death in the family:</p> + + <p class="blockquot">"The inhabitants entertain a superstitious belief, that when the + head of a family dies, it is necessary to clothe the bees in + mourning on the funeral day to ensure the future prosperity of the + hive."</p> + +<p>He then refers to an instance, and says:</p> + + <p class="blockquot"> "A scarf of black crape was formally applied to each bee-hive; and + an offering of pounded funeral biscuit, soaked in wine, was placed + at its entrance."</p> + +<p>In a note, he accounts for the ceremony's origin by a quotation from +Porph. <i>De Ant. Nymp.</i>, p. 261., in which honey is spoken of as being +"anciently a symbol of death." For other notices of superstitions in +reference to bees, see Hone's <i>Mysteries</i>, pp. 220. 222. 283.</p> + +<p class="right"> R. W. E<span class="smcap lowercase">LLIOT</span>.</p> + +<p>I was lately informed by a native of Monmouthshire, that the belief +relative to bees is entertained in that and some of the adjacent +counties even by educated persons. My informant gravely assured me that +though the bees are aware of the approaching event, from the acuteness +of their organs of smell, they require to be duly and timely +communicated with on the subject, to induce them to remain with the +survivors; but if this be neglected, they will desert their hives, and +disappear. The propriety or necessity of offering them any refreshment +was not stated.</p> + + <p class="right">Y<span class="smcap lowercase">UNAF</span>.</p> + +<p>The custom mentioned by L. L. L. still prevails in the Weald of Surrey +and Sussex; probably through all the southern counties; but certainly in +the Isle of Wight, where the writer only the other day, on noticing an +empty apiary in the grounds of a villa, was told that the country people +attributed its desertion to the bees not having had this formal notice +of their master's death.</p> + +<p>The same superstition is practised in some parts of France, when a +mistress of the house dies; the formula being much like our English one, +<i>i.e.</i> to tap thrice on the hive, repeating these words, "Petits +abeilles, votre maîtresse est morte."</p> + + <p class="right">A. D.</p> + + +<h4><span><i>Bees invited to Funerals.—North Side of Churchyards.</i></span></h4> + +<p>—At Bradfield, a +primitive village on the edge of the moors, in the parish of +Ecclesfield, I was informed by a person of much intelligence, that a +custom has obtained in the district from time immemorial—"for hundreds +of years" was the expression used—of inviting bees to funerals; and +that an instance could be produced of the superstition having been +practised even within the last year. What is done is this. When a death +occurs, a person is appointed to call the neighbours to the funeral, who +delivers the invitations in one form of words: "You are invited to the +funeral of A. B., which is to take place at such an hour, on such a day; +and there will be dinner on table at —— o'clock." And if it should +happen that bees were kept in the garden of the house where the corpse +lies (not an unlikely thing near moors), the messenger is instructed to +address the same invitation to the bees in their hives; because it is +considered that, if this compliment be omitted, the bees will die.</p> + +<p>I asked the sexton of Bradfield why, in a churchyard that was rather +crowded with graves, there was no appearance of either mound or +tombstone on the north side? His only answer was, "It's mostly them 'at +died i' t' workhus is buried at t' backside o' t' church." An instance, +but no explanation of the prejudice entertained against the north side +of churchyards.</p> + + <p class="right"> A<span class="smcap lowercase">LFRED</span> G<span class="smcap lowercase">ATTY</span>.</p> + +<p>In answer to your correspondent L. L. L. respecting bee etiquette, I can +inform him, from my personal observation, that the ceremony of informing +the bees of their owner's death is in full force in Ashborne, +Derbyshire, Hinton, Wilts, and even in the highly intellectual city of +Oxford. The ceremony is the same in all these places. Three taps are +made on the hives with the house-key, while the informant repeats: +"Bees, bees, bees, your master is dead, and you must work for ——," +naming the future owner. A piece of black crape is then fastened to the +hive. Many bee owners think it is politic to inform the bees of the +death of a relation: but in this case they never give the name, but the +degree of relationship; as "your master's brother, sister, aunt, &c. is +dead." On weddings the bees always expect to be informed of the +auspicious event, and to have their hive decorated with a wedding +favour.</p> + + <p class="right"> J. G. W<span class="smcap lowercase">OOD</span>.</p> + + <p class="left"> Oxford.</p> + + +<h4><span><i>Ashton Faggot: A Devonshire Custom.</i></span></h4> + +<p>—The ashton faggot is burned on +Christmas eve. The faggot is composed entirely of ash timber, and the +separate sticks or branches are securely bound together with ash bands. +The faggot is made as large as can conveniently be burned in the +fireplace, or rather upon the floor, grates not being in use. A numerous +company is generally assembled to spend the evening in games and +amusement, the diversion being heightened as the faggot blazes on the +hearth, as a quart of cider is considered due, and is called for, and +served upon the bursting of every hoop or band bound round the faggot. +The timber being green and elastic, each band generally bursts open with +a smart report when the individual stick or hoop has been partially +burned through.</p> + + + +<h4><span><i>Offerings to the Apple-trees: Devonshire Superstition.</i></span></h4> + +<p>—It was a +custom in Devonshire, and probably in some of the adjoining counties +also, to perform the following ceremonial on Old Christmas Eve, or +Twelfth Day, namely: In the<a id="Page_310"></a> <span class="pagenum">[310]</span> evening the farmer's family and +friends being assembled, hot wheat-flour cakes were introduced, with +cider; and this was served round to the company, the cake being dipped +in the cider, and then eaten. As the evening wore on, the assembled +company adjourned into the orchard, some one bearing hot cake and cider +as an offering to the principal tree in the orchard; the cake was +deposited on a fork of the tree, and the cider was then thrown over it, +the men firing off muskets, fowling-pieces, pistols, &c., the women, +girls, and boys shouting and screaming to the trees with all the +excitement of young Indians the following rhyme:—</p> + +<div class="poem"> + + <p> "Bear blue, apples and pears enoug';</p> + <p>Barn fulls, bag fulls, sack fulls. Hurrah! hurrah! hurrah!"</p> + +</div> + +<p>Query, Do these customs prevail to this day either in Devonshire or in +other European countries?</p> + + <p class="right"> R. R.</p> + + + +<h3><span>POETICAL IMITATION.</span></h3> + + +<p>It has always been a pleasing office of criticism, to observe how often +an excellent thought, having sprung from some master mind, or from some +inferior mind in a happy moment, has been used by succeeding writers.</p> + +<p>Homer,</p> + +<div class="poem"> + + <p class="i5"> "à quo, ceu fonte perenni,</p> + <p> Vatum Pieriis ora rigantur aquis,"</p> + +</div> + +<p class="noindent">has, in <i>Il.</i> v. 406. <i>et seq.</i>, the following lines:</p> + +<div class="poem"> + +<p>"<span title="[Greek: Nêpios, oude to oide kata phrena Tydeos hyios + Hotti mal' ou dênaios, hos athanatoisi machoito, + Oude ti min paides poti gounasi pappazousin, + Elthont' ek polemoio kai ainês dêïotêtos]">Νήπιος, οὐδὲ τὸ οἶδε κατὰ φρένα Τυδέος υἱὸς </span></p> +<p>Ὅττι μάλ' οὐ δηναιὸς, ὃς ἀθανάτοισι μάχοιτο, </p> +<p>Οὐδέ τί μιν παῖδες ποτὶ γούνασι παππάζουσιν, </p> +<p>Ἐλθόντ' ἐκ πολέμοιο καὶ αἰνῆς δηϊοτῆτος."</p> + +</div> + +<p>"The son of Tydeus is foolish and rash, nor is aware that he who fights +with the immortals is not long-lived, and that <i>no children, as he +returns from war and strife, gather round his knees to call him +father</i>."</p> + +<p>The idea of children saluting their parent at his knees, has been +adopted, and accompanied with various additions, by several subsequent +authors. Among the writers in Homer's language, however, we find no +imitation of it, unless the following lines of Callimachus can be +regarded as taken from it:</p> + +<div class="poem"> + + <p class="i3"> "<span title="[Greek: Patros ephezomenê gonatessi + Pais eti kourizousa, tade proseeipe gonêa, + Dos moi partheniên aiônion, appa, phylassein]">Πατρὸς ἐφεζομένη γονάτεσσι</span></p> +<p>Παῖς ἔτι κουρίζουσα, τάδε προσέειπε γονῆα, </p> +<p>Δός μοι παρθενίην αἰώνιον, ἄππα, φυλάσσειν."</p> +</div> + +<p class="noindent">"She (<i>Diana</i>), yet a child, sitting sportively on the knees of her +father, said to him, Allow me, dear parent, to preserve a perpetual +virginity."</p> + +<p>In the Latin writers the thought occurs several times. The first in whom +it is found is Lucretius:</p> + +<div class="poem"> + + <p>"At jam non domus adcipiet te læta, neque uxor</p> + <p>Optuma, nec dulces obcurrent oscula natei</p> + <p>Præripere, et tacitâ pectus dulcedine tangent."</p> + +<p class="author"><span class="smcap lowercase">III</span>. 907.</p> + +</div> + +<p class="noindent">"But thy cheerful home shall no more receive thee, nor thy excellent +wife; nor shall thy sweet children run to snatch kisses from thee, and +touch thy breast with secret delight."</p> + +<p>In whose steps Virgil treads:</p> + + + <div class="poem"> +<p> "Interea <i>dulces pendent circum oscula nati</i>;</p> + <p>Casta pudicitiam servat domus."</p> +<p class="author"><i>Geo.</i> <span class="smcap lowercase">II.</span> 523.</p> + +</div> + + + <div class="poem"> <p> "His cares are eased with intervals of bliss;</p> + <p>His little children climbing for a kiss,</p> + <p> Welcome their father's late return at night;</p> + <p>His faithful bed is crown'd with chaste delight."</p> + +<p class="author"> Dryden.</p> + +</div> + + +<p class="noindent">(Virgil liked the expression <i>dulces nati</i>. He has</p> + +<div class="poem"> + + <p>"Nec mihi jam patriam antiquam spes ulla videndi,</p> + + <p>Nec <i>dulces natos</i> exoptatumque parentem."</p> + +<p class="author"><i>Æn.</i> <span class="smcap lowercase">II</span>. 137.</p> + + <p>"Nec <i>dulces natos</i>, Veneris nec præmia nôris?</p> + +<p class="author"> <i>Æn.</i> <span class="smcap lowercase">IV.</span> 33.</p> + + <p>"Sed tota in <i>dulces</i> consument ubera <i>natos</i>."</p> + + <p class="author"><i>Geo.</i> <span class="smcap lowercase">III.</span> 178.)</p> + +</div> + +<p>Statius, doubtless, had both Lucretius and Virgil in his view, when he +wrote,</p> + +<div class="poem"> + + <p>"Rursus et ex illis soboles nova; grexque protervus</p> + <p> Nunc <i>humeris irreptet avi</i>, nunc agmine blando</p> + <p> Certatim placidæ <i>concurrat ad oscula</i> Pollæ."</p> + +<p class="author"><i>Silv.</i> <span class="smcap lowercase">III.</span> i. 179.</p> + +</div> + +<p class="noindent">"Again from them springs a new race; a forward little troop, which +sometimes climb on the shoulders of their grandfather, and sometimes, in +pleasing congress, run to catch a kiss from the gentle Polla."</p> + +<p>Seneca, <i>Thyest.</i> <span class="smcap lowercase">I.</span> 145., has another imitation:</p> + +<div class="poem"> + + <p>"Exceptus gladio parvulus impio,</p> + <p> Dum <i>currit patrium natus ad osculum</i>,</p> + <p> Immatura focis victima concidit."</p> + +</div> + +<p class="noindent">"The little Pelops, met by the impious sword, while he was running to +receive his father's kiss, fell a premature victim on the hearth."</p> + +<p>Claudian, <i>Rapt. Proserp.</i> <span class="smcap lowercase">III.</span> 173., has another:</p> + +<div class="poem"> + + <p class="i3"> "Hæc post cunabula dulci</p> + <p>Ferre sinu, summoque Jovi deducere parvam</p> + <p>Sueverat, <i>et genibus ludentem aptare paternis</i>."</p> + +</div> + +<p class="noindent">"She was accustomed to bear the little infant, after it had slept in its +cradle, in her fragrant bosom, to present it to almighty Jove, and to +place it sporting on its father's knees."</p> + +<p>But the best adaptations and expansions of the thought have been among +the writers of our own country. The earliest allusion to it, I believe, +occurs in Thomson's description of the traveller lost in the snow:</p> + +<div class="poem"> + + <p>"In vain for him th' officious wife prepares</p> + <p>The fire fair-blazing, and the vestment warm;</p> + <p>In vain his little children, peeping out</p> + <p> Into the mingling storm, demand their sire</p> + <p>With tears of artless innocence! Alas!</p> + <p> Nor wife, nor children, more shall he behold,</p> + <p> Nor friends, nor sacred home.</p> +<p class="author"><i>Winter</i>, 311.</p> + +</div> + + +<p><a id="Page_311"></a> <span class="pagenum">[311]</span> But this is a less pointed imitation than that of Gray, which succeeded +it. Gray had his eye on Lucretius:</p> + +<div class="poem"> + + <p> "For them no more the blazing hearth shall burn,</p> + <p class="i3">Or busy housewife ply her evening care;</p> + <p>No children run to lisp their sire's return,</p> + <p class="i3">Or climb his knees the envied kiss to share."</p> + +</div> + +<p>Next followed Collins, in his Ode on the Superstitions of the Highlands, +who, however, seems to have had Thomson chiefly in view:</p> + +<div class="poem"> + + <p>"For him, in vain, his anxious wife shall wait,</p> + <p class="i3"> Or wander forth to meet him on his way;</p> + <p> For him, in vain, at to-fall of the day,</p> + <p class="i3"> His babes shall linger at th' unclosing gate:</p> + <p> Ah! ne'er shall he return."</p> + +</div> + +<p>To him succeeded Dyer:</p> + +<div class="poem"> + + <p> "The little smiling cottage, when at eve</p> + <p>He meets his rosy children at the door,</p> + <p>Prattling their welcomes, and his honest wife,</p> + <p>———————————————— intent</p> + <p>To cheer his hunger after labour hard."</p> + +<p class="author"><i>Fleece</i>, Book I. 120.</p> + +</div> + +<p>Burns has a picture equal to any of these:</p> + +<div class="poem"> + + <p> "At length his lonely cot appears in view</p> + <p class="i3"> Beneath the shelter of an aged tree:</p> + <p><i>Th' expectant wee things, todlin', stacher through</i></p> + <p class="i3"><i>To meet their dad with flichterin' noise and glee:</i></p> + <p class="i3">His wee-bit ingle blinkin' bonnilie,</p> + <p> His clean hearth-stane, his thrifty wifie's smile,</p> + <p class="i3"> <i>The lisping infant prattling on his knee</i>,</p> + <p> Does a' his weary carking cares beguile,</p> + <p> And makes him quite forget his labour and his toil."</p> + +<p class="author"> <i>Cotter's Saturday Night.</i></p> + +</div> + +<p>Burns may have taken the thought from Gray, or some other English +source. But he has not disgraced it by his mode of treating it.</p> + +<p>Allen Ramsay, in his <i>Gentle Shepherd</i>, has a very pretty allusion to +children, which I have not at hand to consult, but which concludes with,</p> + +<div class="poem"> + + <p> "While all they ettle at, their greatest wis',</p> + <p>Is to be made o', and obtain a kiss."</p> + +</div> + + + <p class="right">J. S. W.</p> + + <p class="left">Stockwell.</p> + + + +<h3><span>A GLOUCESTER DITTY.<br /> +(<i>From an Old Broadside without date.</i>)</span></h3> + +<div class="poem"> + + <div class="stanza"> + + <p class="indh">Come, my very merry gentle people, only list a minute,</p> + <p class="indh">For tho' my song may not be long there's something comic in it;</p> + <p class="indh">A stranger I, yet, by the bye, I've ventured in my ditty,</p> + <p class="indh">To say a word at parting, just in praise of Gloucester city.</p> + +</div> + + <div class="stanza"> + + <p class="indh">The Romans they this city built, and many folks came down here,</p> + <p class="indh"> Kings Richard, Henry, John, and Ned, did visit Glo'ster town here;</p> + <p class="indh"> King William dined each Christmas here, and Glo'ster folks it pleases,</p> + <p class="indh"> To know the food he relished most was double Berkeley cheeses.</p> + +</div> + + <div class="stanza"> + + <p class="indh"> The ladies, Heaven bless 'em all! as sure as I've a nose on,</p> + <p class="indh">In former times had only thorns and skewers to stick their clothes on;</p> + <p class="indh">No damsel then was worth a pin, whate'er it might have cost her,</p> + <p class="indh"> Till gentle Johnny Tilsby came, and invented pins in Glo'ster.</p> + +</div> + + <div class="stanza"> + + <p class="indh"> Your fine cathedral when I saw, tho' much I was delighted,</p> + <p class="indh"> Yet in the whisp'ring gallery I got most sadly frighted;</p> + <p class="indh">Some question there I asked myself, when not a soul was near me,</p> + <p class="indh"> And suddenly an answer came, as if the walls could hear me.</p> + +</div> + + <div class="stanza"> + +<p class="indh">The Severn full of salmon fine enriches low and high land,</p> + <p class="indh">And then, for more variety, you've got a little island;</p> + <p class="indh">Of which I've read a Taylor's Tale, a dozen verses long, sirs,</p> + <p class="indh"> And may I go to Old Harry, if it's not a clever song, sirs.</p> + +</div> + + <div class="stanza"> + + <p class="indh">George Ridler's oven, I've been told, contains some curious jokes, sirs,</p> + <p class="indh"> And much of it is said by many Glo'ster folks, sirs;</p> + <p class="indh">But ovens now are serious things, and from my soul I wish, sirs,</p> + <p class="indh"> Your ovens here many ne'er want bread to fill the poor man's dish, sirs.</p> + +</div> + + <div class="stanza"> + + <p class="indh">Now if you will but all forgive this slight attempt at rhyme, sirs,</p> + <p class="indh">I'll promise, like the little boys, to mend another time, sirs;</p> + <p class="indh">May health, with every blessing, join this company to foster,</p> + <p class="indh">Till, with your leave, some future time I come again to Glo'ster.</p> + +</div> +</div> + + + +<h3><span>GEORGE RIDLER'S OVEN.<br /> +(<i>From a Broadside.</i>)</span></h3> + +<div class="poem"> + + <div class="stanza"> + + <p class="indh">The stwons that built George Ridler's oven,</p> + <p class="indh"> And thauy keum from the Bleakeley's Quaar;</p> + <p class="indh"> And George he wur a jolly old mon,</p> + <p class="indh"> And his yead it grawed above his yare.</p> + +</div> + + <div class="stanza"> + + <p class="indh">One thing of George Ridler I must commend,</p> + <p class="indh">And that wur vur a notable theng;</p> + <p class="indh"> He meud his braags avoore he died,</p> + <p class="indh">Wi' ony dree brothers his zons should zeng.<a id="Page_312"></a> <span class="pagenum">[312]</span></p> + +</div> + + <div class="stanza"> + +<p class="indh">There's Dick the Treble and John the Mean,</p> + <p class="indh">(Let ev'ry mon zeng in his auwn pleace)</p> + <p class="indh"> And George he wur the elder brother,</p> + <p class="indh">And therevoore he would zeng the Beass.</p> + +</div> + + <div class="stanza"> + + <p class="indh">Mine Hostess' moid (and her neaum 'twur Nell),</p> + <p class="indh"> A pretty wench, and I loved her well;</p> + <p class="indh"> I loved her well, good reazun whoy,</p> + <p class="indh"> Because zhe loved my dog and I.</p> + +</div> + + <div class="stanza"> + +<p class="indh">My dog is good to catch a hen,</p> + <p class="indh">A duck or goose is vood vor men;</p> + <p class="indh">And where good company I spy,</p> + <p class="indh"> O thether gwoes my dog and I.</p> + +</div> + + <div class="stanza"> + +<p class="indh">My mother told I when I wur young,</p> + <p class="indh">If I did vollow the strong beer pwoot,</p> + <p class="indh">That drenk would pruv my auverdrow,</p> + <p class="indh">And meaak me vear the thread bare cwoart.</p> + +</div> + + <div class="stanza"> + +<p class="indh">My dog has gotten sich a troick,</p> + <p class="indh">To visit moids when thoiy be zick;</p> + <p class="indh">When thoiy be zick and loik to die,</p> + <p class="indh">O, thether gwoes my dog and I.</p> + +</div> + + <div class="stanza"> + +<p class="indh">When I have dree zixpences under my thumb,</p> + <p class="indh">O, then I be welcome wherever I keum;</p> + <p class="indh">But when I have none, O then I pass by,</p> + <p class="indh"> 'Tis poverty pearts good company.</p> + +</div> + + <div class="stanza"> + +<p class="indh">If I should die as it may hap,</p> + <p class="indh">My greauve shall be under the green yeal tap;</p> + <p class="indh">In voulded earmes there wool us lie,</p> + <p class="indh">Cheek by jowl, my dog and I.</p> + +</div> +</div> + +<p>The foregoing is a very famous old Gloucestershire ballad, corrected +according to the fragments of a MS. found in the Speech-house of Dean +several centuries ago, and used to be sung at the meetings of the +Gloucestershire Society, a charitable institution held at the Crown and +Anchor in the Strand.</p> + +<p>Both these ballads are literally copied from the Broadsides.</p> + + <p class="right">H. G. D.</p> + + + + +<h3><span>THE CAXTON COFFER.</span></h3> + +<p>The biographers of Caxton may be divided into two classes; those who +wrote before the publication of the <i>Typographical +antiquities</i>, + <span class="smcap lowercase">A.D.</span> 1749, and those who wrote after that date. The same distinction may be +made with regard to those who have incidentally noticed his life or +publications.</p> + +<p>The principal writers of the first period are Leland, Bale, Stow, Pits, +Fuller, Nicolson, Middleton, Birch, Oldys, Lewis and Tanner. At the +present moment, I must content myself with a critical remark on the mode +in which Leland has been so often quoted. The first passage contains the +expression to which I allude.</p> + + <p class="blockquot"> (1.) "Gulielmus Caxodunus, <i>Angliæ prototypographus</i>, hæc, aut + similia his, Anglice refert" etc.</p> + + <p class="blockquot">(2.) "Quanquam priusquam id, quod modo sum pollicitus, præstitero, + non alienum meo erit instituto palam facere <i>Gulielmum Caxodunum</i>, + hominem nec indiligentem, nec indoctum, <i>et quem constat primum</i> + L<span class="smcap lowercase">ONDINI</span> <i>artem exercuisse typographicam</i>, Chauceri opera, quotquot + vel pretio vel precibus comparare potuit, in unum volumen + collegisse."</p> + +<p>The incidental expression <i>Angliæ prototypographus</i> has been considered +as a proof that Leland discredited the typographical claims of Oxford. +The second quotation conveys an opposite notion. I tax no one, however, +with unfairness, but ascribe the oversight to reliance on the <i>Index +scriptorum à Joanne Lelando laudatorum</i>, which refers only to the first +quotation.</p> + + <p class="right">B<span class="smcap lowercase">OLTON</span> C<span class="smcap lowercase">ORNEY</span>.</p> + + + + +<h3><span class="bla">Minor Notes.</span></h3> + +<h4><span><i>Note on the Duration of Reigns.</i></span></h4> + +<p>—As Mr. Clinton and others have +endeavoured to invalidate Newton's conclusions with respect to the +length of reigns, by examples from modern history, I have made a Note on +that subject which may be of use. Taking in the times which may be +supposed most to resemble those to which the question refers, we find in +England, from Alfred to the Conquest, 13 kings in 166 years:</p> + +<p>From 1066 to 1272 8 kings 206 yrs.</p> +<p>From 1272 to 1837 27 [kings] 565 [yrs.] An average on the + whole of 19-<span class="topnum">1</span>/<span class="botnum">2</span> years.</p> + +<p>If we add the time from Egbert, 5 kings, 73 yrs., the average becomes 19 +yrs.</p> + +<p>The average from 1272 is only 21.</p> + + + <p> In France 559 to 814 18 kings 255 yrs.</p> + <p> [In France] 814 [to] 1830 47 [kings] 1016 [yrs.] Average + 19-<span class="topnum">1</span>/<span class="botnum">2</span>.</p> + +<p>Average from 814 only 21-<span class="topnum">1</span>/<span class="botnum">2</span>.</p> + +<p>In Germany 840 to 1835 50 emper. 995 yrs. Average not 20.</p> + +<p>Turks 1299 to 1808, 30 sover. 509 yrs. Average 17.</p> + +<p>Scotland 1057 to 1567, 20 kings 510 yrs. + Average 25-<span class="topnum">1</span>/<span class="botnum">2</span></p> + +<p>Spain 1479 to 1833, 14 kings 354 yrs. Average 25.</p> + +<p>Portugal 1102 to 1826, 27 kings 724 yrs. + Average not 21.</p> + +<p>Denmark 1157 to 1839, 28 kings 672 yrs. Average 25.</p> + +<p>Russia 1722 to 1825, 9 sover. 103 yrs. +Average 11-<span class="topnum">1</span>/<span class="botnum">2</span> yrs.</p> + +<p>Total: 294 sovereigns, 6085 years; being an +average of about 20-<span class="topnum">2</span>/<span class="botnum">3</span>, +although including the latest times. It is evidently unfair to take +recent times only, as Hales, Clinton, &c. do.</p> + +<p class="right">A<span class="smcap lowercase">LTRON</span>.</p> + + + +<h4><span><i>Cock and Bull Story.</i></span></h4> + +<p>—One of your correspondents, in a late reply +(Vol. iv., p. 243.), alludes to "a marvellous or <i>cock and bull</i> story." +Query, as to the origin of this saying. From an early number of the +<i>Phonetic Journal</i> made the following Note.</p> + +<p>Dr. Burgess, a Methodist preacher, who often indulged in pointed +remarks, perceiving some young men attending his preaching, whose +behaviour<a id="Page_313"></a> <span class="pagenum">[313]</span> plainly showed that amusement was their only object, +turned his discourse, and addressed himself particularly to them as +follows:—</p> + + <p class="blockquot"> "Young men, I know you are come to hear a story, and I will tell + you one. There was once a man, a cock, and a bull, who, being + intimate, agreed to travel together. They had not gone far on + their journey when they found themselves on the brink of a river, + which they had determined to cross, but could discover neither + bridge nor ferry. After a consultation it was agreed the cock + should first make the attempt of crossing the water, which he did + without much difficulty; the bull afterwards plunged into the + stream, and by mere strength waded through. The man, not being + able to swim, was afraid to follow his companions; and while they + were encouraging him from the other side to get over, he was + observed to cut some osiers which grew by the water-side. Perhaps + you imagine these were intended to form a vehicle for conveying + him across the river? No such thing, I assure you. What other + purpose could he design them for? I will tell you, young men; it + was to lash the backs of those fools who chose to hear a story of + a cock and a bull, rather than the word of God."</p> + +<p class="right"> P<span class="smcap lowercase">HILIP</span> S. K<span class="smcap lowercase">ING</span>.</p> + + + +<h4><span>"<i>Multa renascentur</i>," <i>&c.</i></span></h4> + +<p>—To show how stories are made standing +dishes with what we may call <i>current sauce</i> (no pun intended), take the +following:—If we believe anything to have happened in our own day, that +is, in Liverpool or Castlereagh time, it is the anecdote of the +borough-monger who would answer nothing to the excuses of the minister, +except "There are five of us." This story was told as an old one in the +<i>Telegraph</i> in 1798; and a long dialogue was given between Lord +Falmouth, who wanted the Captaincy of the Yeomen of the Guard, and Henry +Pelham, who had promised it elsewhere. To all the poor minister could +say, the peer could only answer, "There are <i>seven</i> of us." I hope that, +in an age when coincidences are sought for, Wordsworth will not be +suspected of plagiarism.</p> + +<p>Again, what reader of gossip does not know that when George III. went to +Weymouth, the Mayor, in making his address, mistook the private +directions of his prompter for parts of his address, and gave it the +King as follows:—"Hold up your head, and look like a man—what the +—— do you mean?... By ——, Sir, you'll ruin us all." This story was +told in a newspaper in 1797, as having happened between James II. and +the Mayor of Winchester.</p> + +<p>In the <i>Monthly Magazine</i> in 1798, is a paper on peculiarities of +expression, among which are several which we flatter ourselves belong to +our own time. For instance, "to <i>cut</i> a person," which was then current: +some tried to change it into <i>spear</i>, but failed. Also, to <i>vote</i>, as in +"he voted it a bad lounge;" and the words <i>bore</i>, <i>done up</i>, <i>dished</i>, +&c.; not forgetting <i>spilt</i> for "upset" in a carriage.</p> + +<p>The parliamentary phrases of "catching the speaker's eye," "being upon +his legs," "meeting the ideas of the house," "committing himself," +"taking shame to himself," "being free to confess," "putting a question +roundly," "answering it fairly," "pushing an investigation," are all +noted as then worthy of remark. And, if we are to trust the article +cited, the word <i>truism</i> was born and bred in the House of Commons, in +the sense of a forcible and undeniable truth. And the same origin is +given to the idiom "in my own mind" as in "I feel no doubt, in my own +mind,..."</p> + +<p class="right"> M.</p> + + +<h4><span><i>Corruptions recognised as acknowledged Words.</i></span></h4> + +<p>—I recollect two curious +historical instances of mere vulgar mis-pronunciation, which have +established themselves in use; perhaps others of your readers may +mention more, which it would be interesting to trace to their origin.</p> + +<p><i>Massaniello</i> is universally recognised as the name of the celebrated +Neapolitan insurrectionist, who at one time nearly overturned the +government of that kingdom. How few who use the word are aware that +"Mas-Aniello" is but a corruption of <i>Thomas Aniello</i>, so pronounced by +his vulgar companions, and now raised to the dignity of an historical +name.</p> + +<p><i>Hougoumont</i> is a conspicuous feature of the great field of Waterloo, +and a name familiarly used in speaking of the famous battle; in course +of time it will be forgotten that this is a mere mistake, said to have +originated with the great general who achieved the victory, catching up +from the peasantry around, the sound of <i>Chateau Goumont</i>, the real name +of the little rural demesne in question. Nobody doubts, however, the +right of the "Great Duke" to call a place he has made so famous by any +name he might please to apply, and so <i>Hougoumont</i> it will remain while +history lasts.</p> + +<p class="right"> A. B. R.</p> + + + + + +<h2><span class="bla">Queries.</span></h2> + + +<h3><span>MARY QUEEN OF SCOTS AND BOTHWELL'S CONFESSION.</span></h3> + + +<p>Although Mr. Cosh, at p. 248. of his admirable work on <i>The Method of +Divine Government</i>, observes on the rapidity with which females descend +to the depths of sin, the old apothegm, "Nemo repenti turpissimus fuit," +recurs when thinking of Mary Queen of Scots, and leads me to ask the +following question. Permit me to preface it with a remark. Mary is +represented by all contemporary and subsequent writers to have been, +from her earliest years to the death of Darnley, worthily beloved for +her amiable qualities of heart and her superiority of intellect, and +then to have fallen suddenly into an abyss of sin and wickedness, +comprising domestic treason, murder, perjury, the subornation of +perjurers, adultery, the conniving<a id="Page_314"></a> <span class="pagenum">[314]</span> at divorce without adequate +grounds, and all the other crimes connected with such proceedings; and +then, after fifteen months of such a desperate course, to have risen to +her former elevation, and have passed the remainder of her life with +dignity, calmness, resignation, and in the habitual exercise of sincere +piety, and to have met her death with a degree of heroism which has +secured the admiration of posterity, and strengthened the doubts of her +being guilty of the crimes imputed to her. The whole controversy, from +Buchanan to Bell, is, I take for granted, known to your readers. Your +publication is not the place suited to an examination of such mental +operations, which are without a historical prototype, and without a +known parallel. If any light can be thrown on any part of this subject, +it becomes an act of historical justice, a work of Christian charity to +Mary, and an illustration of the workings of the mind in a great +emergency.</p> + +<p>The late Chevalier Bronsted, of whose learning and accuracy his +archæological works bear record, and whose straightforward simplicity of +mind was highly estimated by all who knew him, had read in manuscript +the second part of the confession of Bothwell, made previous to his +death. I think the manuscript was in the private cabinet of the King of +Denmark. In that confession he owned to have <i>violated</i> the person of +Mary, and that she became enceinte; that she miscarried, and immediately +took measures to rid herself of him. Concluding that event to have +transpired, there seems to be some clue to her forwarding the discussion +of her council, and acquiescing in their request to marry Bothwell. A +young queen, surrounded by ruffians, barbarians, and selfish and +unprincipled leaders of factions, placed in a situation in which every +feeling of the woman was outraged, every sentiment lacerated, her +honour, her station, her life in jeopardy, her memory liable to +degradation and disgrace, in terror, having in such extremity no friend +to whom she could apply for advice and succour, she may have been +induced to adopt means for her safety which, if injudicious, were +excusable. My request is, to learn if any of your correspondents have +seen or are cognisant of this very curious and important document.</p> + + <p class="right">Æ<span class="smcap lowercase">GROTUS</span>.</p> + + + + +<h3><span class="bla">Minor Queries.</span></h3> + +<h4><span>229. "<i>'Tis Twopence now," &c.</i></span></h4> + +<p>—Can any of your correspondents tell me +where the following lines are to be found?—</p> + +<div class="poem"> + + <p class="indh">"At length in an unearthly tone I heard these accents drop,</p> +<p class="indh"> 'Sarvice is done, 'tis tuppence now for them as wants to stop.'"</p> + +</div> + +<p>I met with them in a newspaper (I think the <i>Morning Herald</i>) between +twenty and thirty years ago, but I believe they have been transferred to +that sheet from the pages of some periodical. The lines above given are +the concluding lines of the piece; the preceding lines were devoted to +the description of the dying away of the tones of the organ, and the +musings of the poet amongst the tombs in Westminster Abbey.</p> + +<p>R<span class="smcap lowercase">EMIGIUS</span>.</p> + + + +<h4><span>230. <i>Scythians blind their Slaves.</i></span></h4> + +<p>—Can any of your correspondents +explain to me the reason why, according to Herodotus, the Scythians used +to blind their slaves? The passage is in chapter ii. book iv. I believe +the reasoning to be hopelessly unreasonable, and have always been told +that it is so, though I have met with many who have read the chapter +again and again without even noticing the difficulty. The question is +this:—What are we to supply in thought in order to connect the practice +of blinding the slaves with the process of milking the mares, and +stirring the milk to separate the cream or butter from it? Is it thus? +The Scythians only feed cattle, and have no other use for slaves than to +stir the milk, which they can do when blinded, at the same time that +they are unable to escape, having been deprived of sight, and so their +masters have not the trouble of watching them. This does not satisfy me; +nor will it, I think, satisfy any one else.</p> + + + <p class="right"> T<span class="smcap lowercase">HEOPHYLACT</span>.</p> + + <p class="left"> Blackheath.</p> + + + +<h4><span>231. <i>The "Gododin."</i></span></h4> + +<p>—In the Note on "The Antiquity of Kilts," +M<span class="smcap lowercase">R</span>. S<span class="smcap lowercase">TEPHENS</span> quotes the <i>Gododin</i>, an ancient poem, or poems, on which there +is great diversity of opinion regarding its contents. The <i>Gododin</i> was +written or composed by Aneurin, in the dialect of the Northumbrian +Britons, about the year 510, according to Llwyd. It is evident that a +work of this description, with the usual accidents attending on +transmission, must necessarily be somewhat obscure at the present day. +Indeed, it appears to be so much so, that there are two very different +versions; one giving it as the description of a battle, in which the +intoxicated Britons were easy victims to the swords of the "stranger;" +the other version, by the Rev. E. Davies, refers it to the "Brad y +Cyllyll Hirion," (or, Plot of the Long Knives), or massacre of the +British chiefs at Stonehenge, during a feast. Now as this event is +stated to have occurred in 472, the Dinogat of Aneurin is not the +Dinogat of 577. Moreover Davies describes him as Octa, a son of the +Saxon Hengist. As M<span class="smcap lowercase">R</span>. S<span class="smcap lowercase">TEPHENS</span> does not follow this version, and as he +has given considerable attention to those subjects, perhaps he is +enabled to decide this <i>questio vexata</i>. It should be observed that +Davies accompanies his version with reasons that give it much weight.</p> + + + <p class="right">G<span class="smcap lowercase">OMER.</span></p> + + +<h4><span>232. <i>Frontispiece to Hobbes's Leviathan.</i></span></h4> + +<p>—There are curious +circumstances about this frontispiece<a id="Page_315"></a> <span class="pagenum">[315]</span> which some of your readers +may explain. The figure of Leviathan represents the upper part of a man +with a crown on his head, a sword in his right hand, and a crozier in +his left, the body and arms being made up of small human figures in +various dresses. In the common editions the face has a manifest +resemblance to Cromwell (the work was published in 1651), although it +wears, as I have said, a regal crown. But in the copy belonging to +Trinity College Library, the face appears to be intended for Charles I. +The engraving of this copy is very much worse than the other, and is not +worked into the same careful detail by the artist, though the outline is +the same: and the text of the book is a separate and worse impression, +though the errata are the same with the other copies, as well as the +date. How Hobbes himself, or any other person, should come to print the +Leviathan in this manner, it seems difficult to explain.</p> + +<p>I have also a small French translation of Hobbes, <i>De Corpore Politico</i>, +dated 1652, which has a similar figure for a frontispiece, but with an +upright sword in the right, and a balance in the left, hand.</p> + + <p class="right">W. W.</p> + + <p class="left"> Cambridge.</p> + + + +<h4><span>233. <i>Broad Arrow or Arrow Head.</i></span></h4> + +<p>—What is the origin of the arrow head +as a government mark?</p> + + <p class="right">↗</p> + + + +<h4><span>234. <i>Deep Well near Bansted Downs.</i></span></h4> + +<p>—Mr. Robert Hooke, professor at +Gresham College, writing in 1674, says he has—</p> + + <p class="blockquot">"seen at a gentleman's house, not far from Bansted-Downs in + Surrey, a well which is dug through a body of chalk, and is near + 360 feet deep, and yet dry almost to the very bottom."</p> + +<p class="noindent">Is this well still known, and can any of your correspondents vindicate +its situation, and give any particulars relating to it? The pamphlet in +which it is mentioned is curious, for it is "an attempt to prove the +motion of the earth [in its orbit] from observations." It will be +observed that the work was written in the year 1674.</p> + + <p class="right"> W. S. G.</p> + + <p class="left"> Newcastle-upon-Tyne.</p> + + + +<h4><span>235. <i>Upton Court.</i></span></h4> + +<p>—About nine miles from Reading, on the road to +Newbury, and removed about two miles from the high road, is an ancient +manor house called Upton Court. It is most curious as to architecture, +and is a most interesting specimen of the houses of the gentry of former +days. It belonged to a Catholic family of the name of Perkins. The +chapel, in the house, and the hiding-place for priests, can still be +seen. It is said that Pope wrote the <i>Rape of the Lock</i> there. I should +be glad to know if any of your correspondents can confirm this fact from +authentic evidence.</p> + + <p class="right">A. E.</p> + + + +<h4><span>236. <i>Derivation of Prog.</i></span></h4> + +<p>—In Vol. iv., p. 175., <i>Pirog</i> is stated to +be the Russian custom of the mistress of a family distributing on +certain occasions bread or cake to her guests.</p> + +<p>Query, Is this the origin of our slang word <i>prog</i>, meaning provisions?</p> + + <p class="right"> J. S<span class="smcap lowercase">S</span>.</p> + + + +<h4><span>237. <i>Metrical History of England.</i></span></h4> + +<p>—I am nearly an octogenarian, +consequently I ought to have something better, and humbly hope I have +something better, to employ my thoughts than relics of old ditties and +forgotten rhymes. Still the recurring questions of numerous +grandchildren compel one to resort to long forgotten lore, and to +request those whose memory still survives to compensate for the +deficiencies of my own. I am particularly anxious to recover my lapsis +in the following metrical, yet <i>logical</i>, history of England, which I +have long ago forgotten:</p> + +<div class="poem"> + + <p>"William and William, and Henry and Stephen,</p> + <p>And Henry the Second, <i>to make the First even</i>."</p> + +</div> + +<p class="noindent">If either M<span class="smcap lowercase">R</span>. H<span class="smcap lowercase">ALLIWELL</span>, +or D<span class="smcap lowercase">R</span>. R<span class="smcap lowercase">IMBAULT</span>, will favour me, they will +confer a great obligation, and add much to the hilarity of my ensuing +Christmas table.</p> + + <p class="right"> M<span class="smcap lowercase">ÆRIS</span>.</p> + + + +<h4><span>238. <i>Finger Pillories in Churches.</i></span></h4> + +<p>—Besides some interesting +monuments, &c., to be found in the church of Ashby-de-la-Zouch, there +stands under the western gallery a <i>finger pillory</i>, or stocks to +confine the fingers only: it is fastened at its right-hand extremity +into the wall, and consists of two pieces of oak; the bottom and fixed +piece is three feet eight inches long; the width of the whole is four +and a half inches, and when closed it is five inches deep: the left-hand +extremity is supported by a leg of the same width as the top, and two +feet six inches in length; the upper piece is joined to the lower by a +hinge, and in this lower and fixed horizontal part are thirteen +perpendicular holes, varying in size; the largest are towards the right +hand: these holes are sufficiently deep to admit the finger to the +second joint, and a slight hollow is made to receive the third one, +which lies flat; there is of course a corresponding hollow in the top or +movable part, which, when shut down, incloses the whole finger.</p> + +<p>Its use is stated to have been for the punishment of persons guilty of +mal-practices during divine service: truly, a mischievous urchin, or a +lout of a farm servant, dragged off to the stocks, must have been a +scene extremely edifying to the congregation, particularly if the +offenders were obstreperous, and had no inclination whatever to be in a +fix.</p> + +<p>Query, Is there another known instance of stocks for the fingers alone, +and applied to similar purposes?</p> + + <p class="right"> T<span class="smcap lowercase">HOS.</span> L<span class="smcap lowercase">AWRENCE</span>.</p> + + <p class="left">Ashby-de-la-Zouch.</p> + + + +<h4><span>239. <i>Stallenge Queries.</i></span></h4> + +<p>—1. What was the christian name, birth, and +parentage of the Stallenge<a id="Page_316"></a> <span class="pagenum">[316]</span> who planted the mulberry trees at Sion +House at the commencement of the seventeenth century?</p> + +<p>2. What was the name of the <i>first wife</i> of that Sir Nicholas Stallenge +who, towards the close of the sixteenth century, married as his <i>second +wife</i> Florence Kenn, widow of Sir Christopher Kenn, of Kenn, in the +county of Somerset?</p> + +<p>3. What city or castle in England was Sir Thomas Stallenge his son +governor of?</p> + +<p>4. What was the name of the wife of the said Sir Thomas Stallenge?</p> + + <p class="right"> M. C. U.</p> + + + +<h4><span>240. <i>Ancient MS. History of Scotland.</i></span></h4> + +<p>—In the year 1796, there was in +the possession of the Rev. Robert Rennie, minister of Kilsyth, +Stirlingshire, an old MS. which that gentleman (in Sir John Sinclair's +<i>Statistical Account</i>) thus describes:—</p> + + <p class="blockquot">"It seems to be a chronicle of Scotland. The most of it is + legible. It takes up the history of Scotland at the Christian era, + and contains a regular series of all the remarkable events in + every king's reign, with the name of the kings, down to the year + 1565. I have compared it with many histories and annals of + Scotland, but am of opinion that it is an original, and not a + copy."</p> + +<p>Can any of your correspondents give any additional information regarding +it?</p> + + <p class="right"> A<span class="smcap lowercase">BERDONIENSIS</span>.</p> + + + +<h4><span>241. <i>Pharetram de Tutesbit.</i></span></h4> + +<p>—Can you tell me the meaning of <i>Pharetram +de Tutesbit</i> and <i>sagittas flectatas</i> in the following?</p> + + + <p class="blockquot">"William de Gresely tenet manerium de Drakelow in Com. Derby in + Capite, et reddit unum arcum sine corda, et unum Pharetram de + Tutesbit, et duodecim Sagittas flectatas, et unum + buzonem."—Blount's <i>Tenures</i>.</p> + + <p class="right">H. N. E.</p> + + <p class="left"> Bitton Vicarage, Oct. 1851.</p> + + + +<h4><span>242. <i>Inundation at Deptford.</i></span></h4> + +<p>—In Lysons' <i>Environs of London</i>, vol. +iv. p. 359., it is stated that in the year 1671 a great inundation +happened at and near Deptford, which did much mischief, so that the +inhabitants were obliged to retire in boats to the upper town, and that +an account of it was extant in a small pamphlet published at the time. +If any of your correspondents could inform me where a copy of this is to +be met with, or give me any further particulars concerning the +occurrence, I should feel very much obliged.</p> + + <p class="right"> W. H. H<span class="smcap lowercase">ART</span>.</p> + + <p class="left">New Cross.</p> + + + +<h4><span>243. <i>Butler's Sermons.</i></span></h4> + +<p>—In the account of Bishop Butler, attached to +his works, mention is made of MS. sermons, from which those which have +been published were selected. Is it known if there are any writings of +his in existence, and where they are? His executor was Dr. Nathaniel +Foster.</p> + + <p class="right"> L.</p> + + + +<h4><span>244. <i>Coleridge's Christabel.</i></span></h4> + +<p>—Can any one familiar with the <i>Coleridge +Papers</i> inform me whether the following is a veritable fragment of the +poet's own continuation of <i>Christabel</i>, or perhaps of one of those +conclusions (some serious, some jocose) which we owe to Tupper, Moir, +and Maginn?</p> + +<div class="poem"> + +<div class="stanza"> + + <p class="indh">"This was the lovely lady's cry—</p> + <p class="indh"> 'Holy One! who camest to die,</p> + <p class="indh">Camest, yea, to die for me</p> + <p class="indh"> Who have despite done to Thee—</p> + <p class="indh">And didst feel the proud man's scorn,</p> + <p class="indh">And the woe of one forlorn—</p> + <p class="indh">Whose heavenly eyes were brimmed with tears</p> + <p class="indh">For the sorrows of human years;</p> + <p class="indh"> Whose holy hands were pierced through,</p> + <p class="indh">Whose feet long toil and travel knew,</p> + <p class="indh"> Who felt all grief, all wild despair,</p> + <p class="indh">That the race of man may ever bear.</p> + <p class="indh"> O look down from thy placid sky,</p> + <p> Upon a maiden worn with woe,</p> + <p class="indh"> Who in snowy chastity,</p> + <p> Has passed the years of life below!</p> + <p class="indh"> O let no spirit of affright,</p> + <p class="indh">Visit me this ghastly night!'</p> + +</div> + + <div class="stanza"> + + <p class="indh"> "So she prayed: and listening,</p> + <p class="indh"> Stood beside the magic spring,</p> + <p class="indh"> But only heard the brookless plash,</p> + <p class="indh">And the berries fall from the mountain ash,</p> + <p class="indh">And the cry of birds in the woods away,</p> + <p class="indh"> And the step of the roe over lichens gray."</p> + +</div> +</div> + + <p class="right"> M<span class="smcap lowercase">ORTIMER</span> C<span class="smcap lowercase">OLLINS</span>.</p> + + + +<h4><span>245. <i>Epigram ascribed to Mary Queen of Scots.</i> </span> </h4> + +<p>—When the Queen visited +the library of Trinity College, Dublin, in 1849, she was shown an early +edition of Sallust, which had belonged to Mary Queen of Scots, and has +her autograph signature, and many MS. notes and a MS. Latin epigram, +<i>supposed</i> to be her Majesty's composition. The volume is a small +quarto, title <i>Opera Sallustiana</i>, with the date 1523, and a colophon:</p> + + <p class="blockquot"> "Impressus per Antonium Blanchard anno domini M. quingentessimo + xxiii. pridie Kalend. Sextilis."</p> + +<p class="noindent">But on a page following the title there appears—</p> + + <p class="blockquot">"Ex officina nostra caleographa Parrhisiis pridie Kalendas + Novembris anni hujus M. CCCCC quarti."</p> + +<p class="noindent">The volume was presented to the College library by Mr. Croker, as +appears by a <i>dono dedit</i> in his handwriting, and by the following note +in that of the learned Dr. Barrett:—</p> + + <p class="blockquot">"This book, which formerly belonged to Mary Queen of Scots, was + presented by James I. to Bishop Hall (fol. 90.), and presented to + this library, July 26, 1800, by John Wilson Croker, F.C., A.B."</p> + +<p>The presentation by James to the Bishop is thus recorded:—</p> + + <p class="blockquot"> "Hunk [sic] librum Jacobus rex dono dedit amico suo reverendo + Doctori Hall."</p> + +<p>These details may interest bibliographers, as I do not find any notice +of this edition in Dibdin, or any other work within my reach<a id="reach2"></a><a title="Go to footnote 2." href="#fn2" class="fnanchor">[2]</a> but the +main<a id="Page_317"></a> <span class="pagenum">[317]</span> object of my curiosity is the Latin epigram in the Queen's +hand, and supposed (I suspect erroneously) to be her composition. The +lines are:</p> + +<div class="poem"> + + <p>"Sæpe meæ dixi 'tandem discede' puellæ—</p> + <p class="i3">In gremio sedit protinus illa meo;</p> + <p> Sæpe 'pudet' dixi; Lacrimis vix illa retentis</p> + <p class="i3"> 'Me miseram cur te,' dixit 'amare pudet?'"</p> + +</div> + +<p class="footnote"><a id="fn2"></a><a title="Return to text." href="#reach2" class="label">[2]</a> [See + Panzer's <i>Annales Typog.</i>, vol. vii. p. 335.]</p> + +<p>The obvious reason for doubting <i>ex facie</i> that this is the Queen's +composition, is its masculine character; but some of your many learned +correspondents may be able to say whether the verses are to be found +elsewhere, and attributed to any other author?</p> + +<p>I myself have not seen the volume for above fifty years; but the +foregoing extracts have been furnished me by a friend who lately +examined it. One curious particular, however, I remember. The capital +letters at the head of the several divisions of the work are, after the +manner of the time, ornamented with <i>devices</i>, and one of these, which +Queen Mary <i>must</i> have seen (if <i>she</i>, indeed, wrote the MS. notes), is +of a most grotesque character, totally unfit for a lady's, or indeed for +any body's eye; and I dare say <i>that</i> page was not exhibited in 1849.</p> + + <p class="right">C.</p> + + + + +<h3><span class="bla">Minor Queries Answered.</span></h3> + +<h4><span><i>Meaning of Farlieu.</i></span></h4> + +<p>—Devonshire leases for lives often reserve a money +payment on the death of each life as a "heriot" or "farlieu." Can you +inform me of the etymology and meaning of the latter word? it appears +almost synonymous with "heriot."</p> + + <p class="right"> C<span class="smcap lowercase">LERICUS</span>.</p> + + <p class="blockquot">[Bailey, in his <i>Dictionary</i>, says "<i>Farleu</i> or <i>Farley</i> is a duty + of sixpence paid to the lord of the manor of West Slapton in + Devonshire, in the western parts; <i>farleu</i> being distinguished as + the best good thing from <i>heriot</i> the best beast."]</p> + + + +<h4><span>"<i>History of Anglesey.</i>"</span></h4> + +<p>—I would be glad if any of your readers can +afford me any information regarding the writer of a work bearing the +following title:—</p> + + <p class="blockquot">"A History of the Island of Anglesey, from its first Invasion by + the Romans, until finally acceded to the Crown of England, &c. + Serving as a Supplement to Rowlands' Mona Antiqua Restaurata. To + which are also added, Memoirs of Owen Glendower, 4to. Lond. 1775, + pp. 88."</p> + +<p>Watt, in his <i>Bibliotheca Britannica</i>, ascribes to Dr. John Campbell, +author of a <i>Political Survey of Great Britain</i>, &c., &c., the +authorship of a little world entitled—</p> + +<p class="blockquot"> "A true and exact Description of the Island of Shetland, &c. + Together with an account of the Great White Herring Fishery of + that place, 12 mo. Lond. 1750, and 2d ed. 1753."</p> + +<p class="noindent">In the preface the writer states that he spent five years in Shetland. +Now I want to know if Dr. Campbell ever spent five years in Shetland; +for if not, he could not be the author, though it would appear from vol. +i. p. 679. of the <i>Political Survey</i> that he had at least visited +Shetland more than once. Also, as I have only the second edition, if any +one would be so kind as to give me a copy of the title-page of the first +edition, and the number of pages, I would feel obliged, as I suspect +that in both these respects the editions differ.</p> + + <p class="right"><span title="[Greek: Boreas.]">Βορεας.</span></p> + +<p class="blockquot"> [The following is a copy of the title-page of the first edition of + the latter work:—"An Exact and Authentic Account of the greatest + White Herring Fishery in Scotland, carried on yearly in the Island + of Zetland, by the Dutch only. The Method the Dutch use in + catching the Herrings, and an exact account of their way of + curing, and lasting, or casking them. And a Method laid down + whereby we may easily engross that profitable branch of trade into + our own hands. To which is prefixed a Description of the Island, + its situation, produce, the manners and customs of the + inhabitants, and their method of trading with the Dutch. By a + Gentleman who resided Five Years on the Island. London: Printed + for Joseph Davidson, at the Angel, in the Poultry, 1750." Pp. 34, + and a Preface to the Candid Reader of three pages.]</p> + + + +<h4><span><i>The Word "Rile."</i></span></h4> + +<p>—May I add to the <i>East-Anglian Vocabulary</i> the +adjective <i>rile</i> == muddy? "The water is too <i>rile</i> to drink" was the +remark of a servant the other day. The verb <i>to rile</i> is given in +Forby's <i>Vocabulary</i>.</p> + + <p class="right"> C<span class="smcap lowercase">HARLES</span> T<span class="smcap lowercase">HIRIOLD</span>.</p> + + <p class="blockquot"> [Is not <i>rile</i> a corruption of the American colloquialism <i>royle</i> + or <i>roil</i>, to make turbid by stirring up the sediment, or to make + angry? Theodore de la Guard, in <i>The Simple Cobler of Aggawam</i>, p. + 2. <span class="smcap lowercase">A.D.</span> 1647, says: "Sathan is now in his passions, he feeles his + passion approaching: he loves to fish in <i>royled</i> waters."]</p> + + + + +<h2><span class="bla">Replies.</span></h2> + + +<h3><span>WINCHESTER EXECUTION.<br /> +(Vol. iv., pp. 191. 243. 284.)</span></h3> + +<p>The pathetic story of a person sentenced to death for sheep-stealing, +winning the heart of the gaoler by a long course of good conduct, and +executed at last on the "death-warrant" being found in the office, is +utterly apocryphal. There has not been such a thing as a death-warrant +in England for centuries, except in London and Middlesex (where the +recorder communicated the pleasure of the crown to <i>spare</i> certain +prisoners, and leave others to their fate, in an instrument improperly +so called), and in the special case referred to hereafter. It was +necessary, when sentence was pronounced by Commissioners of Oyer and +Terminer, that a precept under their hands and seals should be made out; +but in the case of Commissioners of Gaol Delivery the entry on record of +the judgement of the court is sufficient; and though a calendar is now +made out, and delivered to the<a id="Page_318"></a> <span class="pagenum">[318]</span> sheriff, specifying the several +sentences or acquittals of all the prisoners in gaol, yet it is not +necessary. Lord Hale says:</p> + + <p class="blockquot">"<i>Rolle</i> would never subscribe any such calendar, but would + command the sheriff openly in court to take notice of the + judgments and orders of what kind soever, and command the sheriff + to execute them at his peril."</p> + +<p class="noindent">And, until a few years ago (when the law requiring murderers to be +executed the day next but one after sentence was repealed), murderers +were executed on verbal authority only, as no calendar was made out +until the close of the assizes, some time after the execution. The +special case above referred to is, when a person was tried by the Court +of Peers before the Lord High Steward, in which case that officer issued +a precept for execution. But if the trial be in parliament, a writ for +execution issues under the Great Seal, as in the case of Lord William +Russell.</p> + +<p>Having demolished one story, I feel bound to give you another.</p> + +<p>The Crown never directs execution, but respites it either to a day +fixed, or during her Majesty's pleasure, which last is what is commonly +called a <i>reprieve</i>. A late learned Baron is said to have respited an +unlucky criminal on whose fate he hesitated, once, twice, thrice, till, +having lost his reckoning, he wrote to this effect:</p> + + <p class="blockquot">"I do not know whether John Smith's respite has expired; if it + has, it is no matter; if not, let the execution be further + respited until the —— day of —— next."</p> + + <p class="right"> A. B.</p> + +<p>I have seen in an Exeter paper an article taken from +"N<span class="smcap lowercase">OTES AND</span> Q<span class="smcap lowercase">UERIES</span>," entitled "Execution under singular Circumstances," the writer +of which is in manifest error. There is no such thing as a warrant for +execution; I will venture to say it could not have happened as is +therein stated. I have been repeatedly undersheriff of Devon, and +therefore beg to state the mode in which executions take place.</p> + +<p>At the end of the assizes the crown-bar judge and the clerk of assize +sit down quietly together, and go over the sentences of the prisoners, +after which they are classed, and a fair copy signed by the clerk of the +assize—not the judge—is delivered to the undersheriff, which is his +only authority for carrying the different sentences into execution. If a +man is to be hung, opposite his name is written, "Let him be hanged by +the neck," and an asterisk is added to draw the undersheriff's +attention. Should the man afterwards be respited, the judge, or the +clerk of assize, writes to the undersheriff, and also (<i>ex abundanti +cautelâ</i>) to the gaoler, to say so. Should the undersheriff hear nothing +further, he hangs the man at the end of the respite, as a matter of +course. A reprieve comes from the secretary of state's office. At the +end of the shrievalty this list of sentences is sent to the Court of +Exchequer, as forming part of what is called the Bill of Cravings, and +in which the sheriff is allowed a certain sum towards the expenses of +the execution. What may be the practice in <i>London</i> I do not know, but +the above would be the practice at Winchester.</p> + + <p class="right"> P. J.</p> + + <p class="left">Exeter, Sept. 15. 1851.</p> + + + + +<h3><span>COCKNEY.<br /> +(Vol. iv., p. 237.)</span></h3> + +<p>Halliwell illustrates this word by a quotation from Nash's <i>Pierce +Penilesse</i>, 1592:</p> + +<p class="blockquot">"A young heyre or <i>cockney</i>, that is his mother's darling, if hee + playde the waste-good at the innes of the court, or about London, + falles in a quarrelling humor with his fortune, because she made + him not king of the Indies."</p> + +<p>Richardson gives the following quotation from Fuller's <i>Worthies</i>:</p> + + <p class="blockquot">"I meet with a double sense of this word <i>cockeney</i>.... 1st, One + coaks'd or cockered, made a wanton or nestle-cock of.... 2nd, One + utterly ignorant of husbandry and housewifery, such as is + practised in the country...."</p> + +<p>Webster gives the following derivation, &c.:</p> + + <p class="blockquot">"C<span class="smcap lowercase">OCKNEY</span>, <i>n.</i> [Most probably from L. <i>coquina</i>, a kitchin, or + <i>coquino</i>, to cook; Fr. <i>coquin</i>, idle; Fr. <i>cocagne</i>, It. + <i>cuccagna</i>, an imaginary country of idleness and luxury.... Hence, + a citizen who leads an idle life, or never leaves the city.]</p> + + <p class="blockquot"> "1. A native of London, by way of contempt. <i>Watts. Shak.</i></p> + + <div class="poem"> + +<div class="stanza"> + +<p>"'And yet I say by my soul I have no salt bacon</p> + <p> Ne no <i>cokeney</i> by Christe coloppes to make.'</p> + +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> + +<p>"'At that feast were they served in rich array;</p> + <p> Every five and five had a <i>cokeney</i>.'"</p> + +</div> +</div> + +<p>Chaucer, in the above lines quoted by Webster, probably refers to any +substantial dish of fresh meat, which might be cut in collops; possibly, +however, to young roasted pigs, which, as every one knows, are +continually running about, all over the land of cockaigne, with knives +and forks stuck into them, crying, "Come eat me, come eat me."</p> + +<p>Whether the word cockney be derived from the the land of cockaigne, or +the legend of cockaigne arise from cockney, it appears probable that +both words have their origin in the same root with the verb <i>to cook</i>, +and that the epithet originally conveyed the imputation to citizens, of +a superfluous consumption of cooked meat; inasmuch as the inhabitants of +large cities generally consider the daily use of fresh meat almost as a +necessary of life, while the provincial population is content to exist +on less nutritious food.</p> + +<p>Whatever may be the original import of the epithet, the modern +application of it is, I believe, confined to the natives of the +metropolis, and it<a id="Page_319"></a> <span class="pagenum">[319]</span> corresponds in use and signification with the +terms <i>rustic</i> and <i>chaw-bacon</i>, which distinguish the natives of the +provinces; the latter term being exclusively appropriated to +agriculturalists. Epithets, apparently of similar origin, exist in the +seaman's <i>land-lubber</i>, the landsman's <i>jack-tar</i>, the Englishman's +<i>froggy</i>, and the Frenchman's <i>ros-bif</i>.</p> + +<p>Londoners themselves appear to have a theoretical notion that the +inhabitants of Belgravia, and other enlightened metropolitan districts, +are strictly entitled to the designation <i>cockney</i>, in virtue of their +birth and residence within the sound of Bow-bells; but practically limit +its application to those members of the lower, and more ignorant classes +of the community, who traditionally retain some of the obsolete idioms, +and other peculiarities of speech, of our Anglo-Saxon forefathers.</p> + + <p class="right">A L<span class="smcap lowercase">ONDONER</span>.</p> + + + + +<h3><span>SIR EDMUND PLOWDEN OR PLOYDEN.<br /> +(Vol. iv., p. 58.)</span></h3> + +<p>For the information of your correspondent + A T<span class="smcap lowercase">RANSATLANTIC</span> R<span class="smcap lowercase">EADER</span>, I beg +to inform him that Sir Edmund Plowden or Ployden was 2nd son of Francis +Plowden of Plowden, Salop, and Shiplake in Berks: a family which can +claim its descent from the Saxon kings of England; and by a Saxon +charter, granting lands in Salop to the family, that the family had +large estates in that remote period. The Saxon derivation of the name +(from the Saxon <i>Plean deen</i>, or kill the Dane) alone shows the great +antiquity of the family; and there are few, if any, families in England +who have retained their ancestral property so direct in the male line as +this family. It is also connected with some of the oldest and noblest +families in England—the Howards and Staffords are allied to this family +by intermarriages. In the reign of Richard I. Sir Roger de Plowden was a +crusader; and for his heroic conduct at the siege of Acre, was knighted, +and also permitted by the king to bear on his shield the royal arms, the +<i>fleur de lis</i>, which is retained to this day. In 9 Edward II., John de +Plowden was by parliamentary writ, signed at Clopstow 5th March, called +to parliament as one of the lords of the township of Plowden, Salop. +Edmund Plowden, the great lawyer in Edw. VI. and Elizabeth's reigns, who +was in those times called the oracle of the law, was enrolled among +Fuller's <i>Worthies of England</i>, with Camden's Latin verses on him: "Vitæ +integritati inter homines suæ professionis nulli secundus."</p> + +<p>He was offered by Elizabeth, whose autograph letter was until recently +in the possession of the family, the Lord Chancellorship of England, +with a peerage, if he would give up his creed as Catholic and turn +Protestant; which he declined, preferring to abide by his moral +convictions of the truthfulness of what he deemed his faith to worldly +honour and aggrandisement. Sir Edmund died at Wanstead, county of +Southampton, in 1659; and in possession of large estates in eleven +parishes in England, besides his American province of New Albion. To +each of these parishes he leaves by his will of 1655 a sum of money to +be paid "eight days after his demise, and directs to be buried in the +chapel of the Plowdens at Lydbury, in Salop; a stone monument, with an +inscription in brass bearing the names of his children, and another with +his <i>correct pedigree</i> as drawn out at his house in Wanstead." He +appears to have gone to America about the year 1620, and remained there, +in Virginia and New England, till about 1630. While there, his sister +Ann was married to Sir Arthur Lake, son of Sir Thomas Lake, then +Secretary of State to James I.; and through whose influence, we presume, +on his return to England he was introduced to the great Lord Strafford, +with whom it is believed he proceeded to Ireland; for in the Heralds' +Visitation of Salop, 1632, (<i>vide</i> Sims' <i>H. Vist.</i>, Brit. Mus.), he is +entered in the Plowden pedigree as being then in Ireland. By the +Strafford State Papers it appears that in this year he made petition to +Charles I. through Lord Strafford, then Lieut. and Capt.-General of +Ireland, for the colonising of New Albion:—</p> + + <p class="blockquot"> "Near the continent of Virginia, sixty leagues N. from James City, + without the Bay of Chesapeake, there is a habitable and fruitful + island, named Isle Plowden, otherwise Long Isle, with other small + isles between 30° and 40° of lat., about sixty leagues from the + main, near De la Warre Bay, where Your Majesty, nor any of your + Progenitors, were ever possessed of any estate, &c ... to enable + the petitioners, their heirs and assigns, for ever to enjoy the + said Isle, and forty leagues square of the adjoining continent, as + in the nature of a County Palatine or Body Politick, by the name + of New Albion, to be held of your Majesty's Crown of Ireland, + exempt from all appeal to the Governor of Virginia, and with such + other additions, privileges, and dignities therein, to be given to + Sir Edmund Plowden, like has been heretofore granted to Sir George + Calvert, Knight, late Lord Calvert, in Newfoundland, together with + the usual grants and privileges that other Colonies have for + governing, &c., and we agree to settle with 500 inhabitants."</p> + +<p>The king's warrant was given at Oatlands 24th July, 1632, granting the +whole asked for, under the Great Seal of Ireland, signed by John Coke. +Between this period and 1634, Sir Edmund was engaged in fulfilling the +conditions of the warrant by carrying out the colonisation by +indentures, which were executed and enrolled in Dublin, and St. Mary's +in Maryland in America. In Dublin the parties were Viscount Musherry, +100 planters; Lord Monson, 100 planters; Sir Thomas Denby, 100 planters; +Captain Clayborne (of American notoriety) 50; Captain Balls; and +amounting in all to 540 colonisers, beside others in<a id="Page_320"></a> <span class="pagenum">[320]</span> Maryland, +Virginia, and New England. The parties who joined in the petition were +Sir John Lawrence, Knight and Baronet, who died in America; Sir Bowyer +Worstley, Knight, and Charles Barrett, Esq.,—both died there in 1634; +George Noble, Gent., Thomas Ribread, Roger Packe, William Inwood, and +John Trustler. Having completed the conditions he was granted a charter, +bearing date Oatlands, 21st June, 1634; and enrolled in Dublin in 17 +pages folio; and confirmed 24th July, 1634, in the eighth year of the +reign of Charles I., running thus:</p> + +<p class="blockquot"> "And according to the tenour and effect of certain of our letters, + signed with our proper hand, and sealed with our seal now enrolled + in the Rolls of our Chancery of the said Kingdom of Ireland, We + have given, granted, and confirmed, and by this our present + Charter, for Us, our heirs, and successors, do give, grant, and + confirm such the before said Sir Edmund Plowden, Knight, his heirs + and assigns, for ever, all that entire island near the continent + of Terra Firma of North Virginia, called the Island of Plowden, or + Long Island, and lying near and between the 39° and 40° of N. + lat.; together with part of the continent or Terra Firma aforesaid + near adjoining, described to begin from the point of an angle of a + certain promontory called Cape Cod, from thence to the westward + for the space of 40°, running by the river Delaware, closely + following its course by the N. lat. into a certain rivulet there + arising from a spring of Lord Baltimore in the lands of Maryland, + and the summit aforesaid to the south, where it touches, joins, + and determines in all its breadth, from thence takes its course + into a square leading to the north by a right line for the space + of 40° to the river and port of Reachu Cod, and descends to a + savannah, touching and including the top of Sand Bay, where it + determines, and from thence towards the south by a square, + stretching to a savannah which passes by and washes the shores of + the Plowden aforesaid to the point of the promontory of Cape May + above mentioned, and determines where it begins." And p. 4. + continues: "Therefore We, for Us, our heirs, and successors, do + give unto the aforesaid Sir Edmund Plowden, and his heirs and + assigns, free and full power graciously to confer favours and + honours upon the well-deserving citizens and inhabitants within + the <i>province aforesaid with whatever titles and dignities</i> he + shall choose to decorate them with (in such a manner as they may + but now be usurped in England), and to cut and stamp different + pieces of gold such as shall be lawful, current, and acceptable to + all the inhabitants; and We command all, and enjoin other things + to be done in the premises which to him or them shall be seen to + be proper, in as free and ample a manner and form as by the + Society of Newfoundland and East Indies, Island of Bermuda, Bishop + of Durham within the Bishoprick or County Palatine of Durham; or + Lord Baltimore within his lands and premises of Maryland and + Glastonbury; or James Earl of Carlisle within the island of St. + Christopher and Barbadoes; or any other Governor or Founder of a + Colony."</p> + +<p>In fact, the powers granted were never exceeded by any former charter of +the Crown: they were all but regal. Under this charter a lease, enrolled +in Dublin, was granted by Lord Plowden in 1634 to Sir Thomas Danby for +10,000 acres, and a release, dated 20th Dec. 1634, sealed and signed at +St. Mary's, Maryland, and witnessed by Vall Havord and Richard Benham, +by R. Packe for 200 acres; T. Ribread, 100; W. Inwood, 100; and John +Trustler, 100; segregating 500 acres in trust for the "Earl of Albion, +when they deliver up their claims or trusts in consideration for this +grant of land; and confirmed unto Lord Francis Plowden, son and heir of +Sir Edmund Plowden, Earl Palatine, and George and Thomas Plowden, two of +the sons of the said Sir Edmund, Earl Palatine." Sir Edmund Plowden +resided with his wife and family as Governor of New Albion six years; +his eldest son, Francis, and Lady Plowden, returned to England to look +after his father's estates in his absence: but Francis so abused the +confidence reposed in him, as to oblige the Governor to return to +England (leaving his sons George and Thomas as his <i>locum tenens</i>). On +his arrival he was incarcerated in the Fleet Prison on a base charge +emanating from his son, from which he was released by order of the +<i>Peers Committee</i>, House of Lords; and likewise involved in a lawsuit to +recover certain estates sold by his son, which cost him 15,000<i>l.</i> +before he was clear. This unnatural and illegal conduct induced him to +disinherit his son Francis; for, in the 15th of Charles I., 1st June, +1646, Sir Edmund obtained license from the Crown to alienate from his +son the manors of Wanstead, Southwick, and many others in the county of +Southampton, as is enrolled in the Rolls Chapel. By his will, in the +Prerogative Court of Canterbury, London, Sir Wm. Mason was in trust for +Sir Edmund's second son and heir, Thomas Plowden; and also for the New +Albion colony. And the will proceeds:</p> + + <p class="blockquot">"And I think it fit that my English lands and estates shall be + settled and united to my Honor, County Palatine, and Province of + New Albion, for the maintenance of the same; and again, that all + my lease lands in England be sold with all convenient speed by my + executors and overseers herein named, and with the money arising + therefrom to buy good freehold, to be settled and entailed as the + rest of my lands are settled on my second son Thomas Plowden, and + the heirs male of his body lawfully begotten, or to be begotten; + also my County Palatine of New Albion, and Peerage as a Peer of + Ireland, as aforesaid, unto Thomas Plowden my son during his + natural life, and after his decease, to the heirs male of my son + Thomas, begotten or to be begotten; and again, I do enter and will + that my son Thomas Plowden, and, after his decease <i>his eldest + heir</i> in male, and, if he be under age, then his guardian, with + all speed after my decease do employ by consent of Sir William + Mason of Gray's Inn, Knight, whom I make a trustee of this my + plantation of New Albion; and if my son Thomas shall by fail, + defence, loose, agree, give, or alien any part of my + estates,<a id="Page_321"></a> <span class="pagenum">[321]</span> lands, or rents in England to Francis my son, or + his issue, then my son shall forfeit and lose to <i>his eldest</i> son + all lands and estates and rents in England herein settled, + entailed, or given him, and to be forfeited during his life."</p> + +<p>George either died, or was killed, in the massacres by the Indians; as +was also Francis, third son of Thomas, along with his wife and family, +as alluded to in his father's will, dated 1698.</p> + +<p>These attacks on the infant colony were instigated by the Dutch and +Swedes of the New Netherlands, as they called New Albion, and who did +all they could to obstruct and thwart the Earl Palatine's plans, as is +alluded to in <i>The Theatre of the Empire of Great Britain</i>: Speed and +Basset, 1676, dedicated to James I.; and recommended as a most authentic +work by Sir Richard St. George, Norroy King of Arms.</p> + +<p class="blockquot"> "Moreover these proceedings, upon complaint made to his late + Majesty, and by whom represented to the State of Holland, were + absolutely disowned by them, and wholly laid upon the East India + Company of Amsterdam. The most northerly part towards New England + was by his Majesty granted by patent to Sir Edmund Plowden, by the + name of New Albion. The most southerly towards Virginia to Sir + George Calvert, now Lord Baltimore, by the name of Maryland. The + Dutch, upon some consideration agreed on, were forthwith to have + quitted the place; yet, for all this, as the custom of this people + is never to let go any opportunity that serves their turn, whether + by right or wrong, they took advantage of the unhappy dissentions + and cruel wars that soon after happened within this nation: they + not only stood upon higher demands than was at first agreed on, + but also contrived to stir up the natives against the English, + that they might have the better opportunity of fixing themselves. + In this state things remained till his present Majesty, after his + restoration, resolved to send three ships of war."</p> + +<p>Charles II. most tyrannically, privately, without sanction from +Parliament, and without even alluding to his father's charter to Sir +Edmund Plowden, gave a charter of the Province to his brother James, at +the same time creating him Duke of Albany. Before James was duly clothed +with the powers of Governor, he sold a large portion of it to Lord +Berkely for 65,000<i>l.</i> For years afterwards, the Duke of York's title +was disputed, and many disturbances arose, and Chancery suits, as +entered in the American chancery suits of that period. Lord Sutherland, +as the colonial officer, disputed the validity of the Duke's claim. A +greater act of injustice could hardly be perpetrated than this virtual +abrogation of the original charter, after so many years of labour had +been expended, charges incurred, loss of estates and relations, and the +other evils attending planting this colony which absence from England +gave rise to. Sir Edmund Plowden was not inferior to any of his +co-governors in ability, fortune, position, or family. Though he made a +greater sacrifice than any, he never received the slightest compensation +like the other early colonisers. We conclude that family dissentions +connected with the disinheritance of Francis Plowden, must have tended +to facilitate Charles II.'s illegal conduct; for, in Thomas Plowden's +Will, 1698, in the Prerogative Court of Canterbury, he alludes to his +son-in-law, Walter Hall, illegally and forcibly retaining papers +connected with the estates: Province of New Albion Charter, the Patent +for the Peerage of Ireland. The first cousin of the disinherited son was +a Col. Plowden of the Life Guards, who followed James II.'s fortunes, +and accompanied him on his leaving England, and died as his chamberlain +at St. Germains in France. These documents may have come into his hands, +and have been lost in France. It is quite clear that the only estate +which came to Thomas's eldest son James of Ewhurst was Lassam in +Southampton, and his son James also held it; he was married to Sarah +Chichely, daughter of Sir John Chichely, son of Sir Henry Chichely, +formerly Governor of Virginia, the lineal descendant of Thomas, Lord +Mayor of London, and brother of Archbishop Chichely, founder of All +Souls, Oxford. This family is now extinct in the male, but still exist +in the female line in the Plowden family, which is the nearest of kin of +any family, and consequently has a stronger claim to the Fellowships of +that college as founder's kin. There can be no question but that the +family have a legal claim against the government for the unjust +alienation of that province to James II.; but the loss of the charter, +and the ignorance of the family that it was enrolled in Ireland (now +found), prevented the heir and representative of Sir Edmund from +claiming compensation. Nothing but an act of parliament can nullify the +sacred rights of a charter; if it were not so, no public or private +right would be safe a day. As to his peerage, it was litigated at the +time, and decided in his favour; but the Commonwealth did not favour the +restoration of titles granted by Charles I., and on the Restoration, Sir +Edmund's papers were lost to those to whom they would have been useful. +Notwithstanding the sarcastic and bad spirit in which Beauchamp +Plantagenet's <i>New Albion</i> of 1648 was reviewed by Mr. Pennington of +Philadelphia, I trust that the Americans will treat the early pioneer of +one of the best portions of America in a more liberal spirit, and do +justice to his memory. We have now no new worlds to discover; and the +present race of men can hardly appreciate the labours, dangers, and +hardships our first colonisers had to endure—but they however know the +value of their exertions. They have secured for America one of the +finest countries in the world, which may one day be an empire of vast +power. Its separation from the mother country was the greatest national +calamity that ever befell her.<a id="Page_322"></a> <span class="pagenum">[322]</span> How fatal has it been to France; +first for abetting clandestinely the Americans against England, and at +last throwing away the mask, openly assisting her with her arms. Since +then, what calamities have befallen her, and may even yet befall her. +Had we then, as Macaulay says, had a Clive at the head of our armies, +and a Hastings in council, that separation might either have been +deferred, or we might have parted friendly, instead of in enmity. Had I +time to glean it, I have no doubt I could furnish much important matter +connected with New Albion, derived from sources within my reach.</p> + + <p class="right"> A<span class="smcap lowercase">LBION</span>.</p> + +<p>P.S. There are two seals attached to Sir Edmund Plowden's Will; his +private seal of the Plowdens, and his Earl's with supporters, signed +"Albion:" the same as is given in Beauchamp Plantagenet's <i>New Albion</i>, +1648 (King's Lib. B. Mus.).</p> + + + +<h3><span>GENERAL JAMES WOLFE.<br /> +(Vol. iv., p. 271.)</span></h3> + +<p>He was born in a house now inhabited by the vicar, at Westerham, Kent, +on the 2d of January, 1727, and not, as the various notices of his life +state, the 15th of January, 1726 (see <i>Penny Cyclopædia</i> and other +works). His mother's Christian name was Henrietta, and she, I believe, +came from or near Deptford, to which place in the latter years of her +life, she again went to reside. Wolfe was an only child; the name is +still to be found in the neighbourhood of Westerham. Shortly after his +birth, his parents removed to a house at the extreme end of the town,—a +picturesque mansion it is, and is named after him Quebec House. Under +this roof Wolfe's happiest hours were spent.</p> + +<p>Sir Jeffrey Amherst (a native of the same valley, Holmsdale), patronised +him, but where first engaged I never could discover. His body was +brought to England, and interred at Greenwich; monuments were erected to +him in Westminster Abbey, Squerries Park, Westerham, and Westerham +Church. The inscription on the marble tablet, erected in the latter, I +subjoin:—</p> + +<div class="poem"> + + <div class="stanza"> + + <p class="i9">J<span class="smcap lowercase">AMES</span>,</p> + <p> Son of Colonel Edward Wolfe, and Henrietta his Wife,</p> + <p class="i5">Was born in this parish, January 2d,</p> + <p class="i9"> MDCCXXVII.</p> + <p class="i5">And died in America, Sept. 19th,</p> + <p class="i9">MDCCLIX.</p> + <p class="i5"> Conqueror of Quebec!</p> +</div> + + <div class="stanza"> + + <p>"Whilst George in sorrow bows his laurelled head,</p> + <p> And bids the artist grace the soldier dead;</p> + <p>We raise no sculptured trophy to thy name,</p> + <p>Brave youth! the fairest in the list of fame.</p> + <p>Proud of thy birth, we boast th' auspicious year,</p> + <p> Struck with thy fall, we shed a general tear,</p> + <p> With humble grief, inscribe one artless stone,</p> + <p>And from thy matchless honours date our own."</p> + +</div> +</div> + +<p>His sword is preserved in the United Service Museum, and was engraved +about two years since in the <i>Illustrated London News</i>. An old professed +portrait of him dangles as the sign of a beer-shop in Westerham. Wolfe +was ardently attached to Colonel Barré, whose portrait is introduced in +West's celebrated picture of the Death of Wolfe; another head in the +picture is, I have been told, a likeness of a person who had been +captured by the Indians, and was about to be scalped, when his life was +saved by the intercession of a chief Wolfe had formerly pardoned.</p> + +<p>Wolfe was the youngest general ever entrusted with such a responsible +command; but his bravery, his great humanity, his love to his troops, +and above all, his glorious death, will render his name immortal in the +page of British history.</p> + + <p class="right"> H. G. D.</p> + +<p>The inclosed lines were given to me some years since by an old lady, who +stated that they came into her possession through some relatives of the +lady to whom they were addressed. I now much regret that I did not hear +(or if I heard it have forgotten) the lady's name. Perhaps in the last +letter of the series now in the hands of Ʒ , some allusion may be +found to one in whom the parting hero felt so deep an interest; at all +events the lines may be acceptable to Ʒ or others of your readers +desirous for some further knowledge of the private life of this +"faithful soldier." Might not the parish register of Westerham in Kent, +the birthplace of Wolfe, <i>possibly</i> supply his mother's maiden name, or +some other particular as to his family connexions? His father, also +<i>General</i> Wolfe, may perhaps have distinguished himself in "the 45," but +James Wolfe was then barely nineteen years of age, and I have never met +with any allusion to his taking part in that campaign. His appointment +to the American service is said to have been the result of his display +of military talent in Germany.</p> + +<div class="poem"> + +<div class="stanza"> + +<p class="noindent"> LINES WRITTEN AT PORTSMOUTH BY GENERAL<br /> + WOLFE, AND PRESENTED TO HIS LADY THE<br /> + EVENING BEFORE HIS EMBARKATION FOR THE<br /> + SIEGE OF QUEBEC.</p> + +</div> + + <div class="stanza"> + + <p>"At length too soon, dear creature,</p> + <p class="i3">Receive my fond adieu,</p> + <p> Thy pangs, oh Love, how bitter!</p> + <p class="i3"> Thy joys how short, how few!</p> + <p>No more those eyes so killing,</p> + <p class="i3">The melting glance repeat,</p> + <p>Nor bosom gently swelling,</p> + <p class="i3">With love's soft tumults beat.</p> + +</div> + + <div class="stanza"> + + <p>"I go where glory leads me,</p> + <p class="i3">And dangers point the way,</p> + <p> Though coward love upbraids me,</p> + <p class="i3">Stern honour bids obey.<a id="Page_323"></a> <span class="pagenum">[323]</span></p> + <p> 'Tis honour's boasting stories,</p> + <p class="i3">My anxious fears reprove,</p> + <p>And point to wealth, fame, glories,</p> + <p class="i3">Ah, what are these to love?</p> + +</div> + + <div class="stanza"> + + <p>"Two passions vainly pleading,</p> + <p class="i3">My beating heart divide,</p> + <p> Lo, there my country bleeding,</p> + <p class="i3">And <i>here</i> my weeping bride.</p> + <p>But ah, thy faithful soldier,</p> + <p class="i3">Can true to either prove,</p> + <p> Fame fires my soul all over,</p> + <p class="i3">While every pulse beats love.</p> + +</div> + + <div class="stanza"> + +<p>"Then think where'er I wander,</p> + <p class="i3"> The sport of seas and wind,</p> + <p> No distance hearts can sunder,</p> + <p class="i3"> Whom mutual truth has joined.</p> + <p> Kind heaven the brave requiting,</p> + <p class="i3">Shall safe thy love restore,</p> + <p> With raptures crown our meeting,</p> + <p class="i3">And joys ne'er felt before."</p> + +</div> + + <div class="stanza"> + +<p> Poor Wolfe, but poorer bride!</p></div> + +</div> + + <p class="right">Y<span class="smcap lowercase">UNAF</span>.</p> + +<p>I am enabled to reply to the third Query of Ʒ from papers in my +possession. Wolfe's commission as second lieutenant in his father's +(Col. Edward Wolfe's) regiment of marines,<a id="marines3"></a><a title="Go to footnote 3." href="#fn3" class="fnanchor">[3]</a> is dated 3d November, +1741; as ensign in Col. Scipio Duroure's regiment, 27th March, 1742; as +lieutenant in the same regiment, 14th July, 1743; as adjutant in the +same regiment, 22d July, 1743; as captain in Barrell's regiment, 23d +June, 1744; as major in Lord George Sackville's regiment,<a id="regiment4"></a><a title="Go to footnote 4." href="#fn4" class="fnanchor">[4]</a> 5th +January, 1748-49; as lieut.-col. of the same regiment, 20th March, +1749-50, and colonel by brevet, 21st Oct. 1757; colonel of the 67th +regiment, 21st April, 1758; brigadier in America, 23d July, 1758; killed +at siege of Quebec.</p> + +<p class="footnote"><a id="fn3"></a><a title="Return to text." href="#marines3" class="label">[3]</a> This + regiment was afterwards numbered the 1st regiment.</p> + +<p class="footnote"><a id="fn4"></a><a title="Return to text." href="#regiment4" class="label">[4]</a> This + regiment was afterwards numbered the 20th, and then +the 67th.</p> + +<p>Wolfe's father, Edward Wolfe, was appointed brigadier-general, 25th +April, 1745; major-general, 27th May, 1745, and lieut.-general, 30th +Sept. 1747.</p> + +<p>If Ʒ will communicate with me personally, I may be able to furnish +him with some other information relating to Wolfe.</p> + + <p class="right">R<span class="smcap lowercase">OBERT</span> C<span class="smcap lowercase">OLE</span>.</p> + +<p>The following memoranda from MSS. in my care, relative to this +distinguished man, may, perhaps, be of use to your correspondent Ʒ .</p> + +<p>Feb. 1746, a petition (dated Feb. 1746) to the Duke of Bedford for his +interference relative to the pay due to him as Inspector of Marines.</p> + +<p>Another letter, dated July 7, 1746, printed in the first volume of the +<i>Bedford Correspondence</i>.</p> + +<p>Another letter, dated Feb. 16, 1747, on the same subject as the first.</p> + +<p>Another letter, dated Feb. 19, 1757, also printed in the <i>Bedford +Correspondence</i>.</p> + +<p>Another letter, dated July 22, 1767, relative to his embarkation of a +regiment in which he was lieut.-col.</p> + +<p>Another letter, dated Jan. 26, 1788, printed in the <i>Bedford +Correspondence</i>.</p> + +<p>Copy of a letter to Lord George Sackville, dated Halifax, May 12.</p> + + <p class="right">W. A.</p> + +<p>Major-General Edward Wolfe resided in one of the villas in Montague +Walk, on the west side of Greenwich Park; afterwards the residence of +the Hon. Mr. Lyttelton, Henry Drax, Esq., Mr. Scott, and his widow.</p> + +<p>In the register book of St. Alphege in Greenwich occurs this entry:</p> + +<div class="poem"> + + <p>"Major-Gen<span class="topnum">l</span> James Wolfe, +buried Nov. 20<span class="topnum">th</span> 1759."</p> + +</div> + +<p>His body was brought to England from Quebec, and laid by the side of his +father, Major-Gen. E. Wolfe, who was buried there on April 2, 1759.</p> + +<p>His mother's Christian name was Henrietta; she bequeathed 500<i>l</i>. to +Bromley College at her death in 1765.</p> + +<p>The short sword worn by General Wolfe at the time of his death is in the +United Service Institution in Scotland Yard. His military cloak is, I +believe, kept in the Tower.</p> + + <p class="right">M<span class="smcap lowercase">ACKENZIE</span> W<span class="smcap lowercase">ALCOTT</span>, M.A.</p> + +<p>In the church of Westerham, the place of Wolfe's birth, as well as in +Westminster Abbey, is a cenotaph. Is it well known who was the author of +the pleasing lines inscribed at Westerham?</p> + +<div class="poem"> + + <p> "While George in sorrow bows his laurel'd head."</p> + +</div> + +<p class="noindent">May I also ask whether the packet of autograph letters in the possession +of your correspondent was ever shown to Southey, and whether an +intention was not entertained by him, at one period, of writing a memoir +of Wolfe? If these letters were unknown to Southey, I have strong +reasons for believing that another collection of General Wolfe's letters +exists. Would not your correspondent's collection or a selection from +it, form a very interesting publication?</p> + + <p class="right">J. H. M.</p> + + + +<h3><span>STANZAS IN CHILDE HAROLD.<br /> +(Vol. iv., pp. 223. 285.)</span></h3> + +<p>I am much obliged to your correspondents who have taken the trouble to +answer my Query respecting the lines in <i>Childe Harold</i>; but I am sorry +that you did not print one of the replies "at considerable length" to +which you allude in your note to M<span class="smcap lowercase">R.</span> C<span class="smcap lowercase">ROSSLEY'S</span> brief one: for + M<span class="smcap lowercase">R</span>. C<span class="smcap lowercase">ROSSLEY'S</span> settlement of the question will hardly, I think, appear so +satisfactory to all readers as it evidently does to him. Will you allow +me to explain the reasons for thinking so?<a id="Page_324"></a> <span class="pagenum">[324]</span></p> + +<p>In his opinion it is quite transparent that Lord Byron meant to say, +speaking to the Ocean of its shores:</p> + +<div class="poem"> + + <p>"Thy waters wasted them when they were free,</p> + <p>And many a tyrant since" (has wasted them).</p> + +</div> + +<p class="noindent">But in my former letter I quoted a German translator's version of the +lines, and he did not understand them thus; and I have just referred to +a French translator's, and he also differs from +M<span class="smcap lowercase">R</span>. C<span class="smcap lowercase">ROSSLEY</span>. In fact, +his view of the matter so completely tallies with mine, that I will, +with your permission, quote his words:</p> + +<p class="blockquot"> "Tes rivages sont des empires, où tout est changé, excepté + toi. Que sont devenus l'Assyrie, la Grèce, Rome, Carthage? Tes flots + battaient leurs frontières aux jours de la liberté, comme depuis + sous le règne de plus d'un tyran."</p> + +<p>This passage is taken from the complete translation of Lord Byron's +Works, published at Paris in 1836, by + M. Benjamin de Laroche, vol. i. p. 754.</p> + +<p>M. de Laroche was no doubt led to form his opinion of the real meaning +of these two lines from a careful consideration of those which +immediately precede and immediately follow. The theme of the poet is the +proud superiority of the ocean to human authority, and its insensibility +to human vicissitude. He rebukes the haughty assumption that "Britannia +rules the waves;" he refers in proof to the striking fact, that of the +two most memorable tempests recorded in the naval history of Spain and +England, the one aided our triumph, and the other tore the fruits of a +triumph from us.</p> + +<div class="poem"> + + <p> "The oak leviathans, whose huge ribs make</p> + <p> Their clay creator the proud title take</p> + <p>Of lord of thee, and arbiter of war,</p> + <p> These are thy toys, and, as the snowy flake,</p> + <p> They melt into thy yeast of waves, which mar</p> + <p> Alike the Armada's pride, or spoils of Trafalgar."</p> + +</div> + +<p>And then he proceeds, according to my view of the passage, and according +to the French translator's view, to point out, that while the shores of +the ocean are changed, the action of the ocean continues the same; that +it wasted the empires of the ancient world when they were free, and +wasted them when they fell under the sway of tyrants:</p> + +<div class="poem"> + + <p> "Thy shores are empires, changed in all save thee—</p> + <p> Assyria, Greece, Rome, Carthage, what are they?</p> + <p> Thy waters wasted them while they were free,</p> + <p> And many a tyrant since their shores obey."</p> + +</div> + +<p>Here there seems to be a logical sequence, which is surely not to be +found if the semicolon is kept, as +M<span class="smcap lowercase">R</span>. C<span class="smcap lowercase">ROSSLEY</span> wishes to keep it, after +the word "since."</p> + + <div class="poem"> + + <p> "Thy waters wasted them while they were free,</p> + <p> And many a tyrant since;"</p> + +</div> + +<p class="noindent">meaning, as he declares, that many a tyrant since has wasted them. There +may be grammatical construction here, but what becomes of the meaning? +The direct force of the words would surely be, that the ocean was in the +habit of ravaging its shores in times of liberty, but that it left off +when the tyrants began. I suppose it will be admitted that this is not +exactly what the poet wished to convey. To his real meaning it will, I +hope, be allowed to be essential that the statement should be made, that +the ocean's ravages continue; and if this is not done in the fourth +line, it is done nowhere,—the chain of reasoning is left without a +link. To say that the ocean wasted empires once, and tyrants did it +afterwards, is as little to the purpose as it would have been to say, in +the preceding stanza, that the ocean destroyed the Armada, but that +Nelson won Trafalgar. The lines become incoherent.</p> + +<p>I beg pardon for trespassing so long on your attention; but the question +seems to have excited some interest, and I think the occasion may plead +my excuse.</p> + + <p class="right"> T. W.</p> + +<p>There is no occasion to say any more on the subject of T. W.'s doubts +(Vol. iv., p. 223.) as to the construction of certain lines in the 182nd +stanza: but his remarks on the substitution of the word <i>gush'd</i> for +<i>rush'd</i>, in the 141st stanza, induce me to offer a suggestion, or +rather ask a Query, with respect to a word in another stanza (180th) of +the same canto, which I shall quote entire.</p> + +<div class="poem"> + + <p> "His steps are not upon thy paths—thy fields</p> + <p> Are not a spoil for him,—thou dost arise</p> + <p> And shake him from thee; the vile strength he wields</p> + <p> For earth's destruction thou dost all despise,</p> + <p>Spurning him from thy bosom to the skies;</p> + <p> And send'st him, shivering in thy playful spray</p> + <p>And howling, to his Gods, where haply lies</p> + <p> His petty hope in some near port or bay,</p> + <p> And dashest him again to earth:—there let him lay."</p> + +</div> + +<p>The blot which disfigures the last line of this fine stanza, in the use +of the word <i>lay</i> for <i>lie</i>, has, I believe, been often observed; but +the question I wish to throw out for the consideration of your readers +is, whether it is quite certain that Lord Byron really wrote, or +intended to write, the word <i>lay</i>. The following reasons appear to me to +render it improbable that he did. 1. His lordship is admittedly, I +believe, a great master of the English language, and would therefore be +very unlikely to commit the somewhat vulgar blunder of writing <i>lay</i> for +<i>lie</i>, whatever might be the requirements of the rhyme. 2. This +improbability is rendered much stronger by his having used the word +<i>lies</i> in the line next but one preceding; and therefore his attention +could hardly have been averted from the distinction between the two +words. 3. Though not professing to be a critic, it does appear to me +that the sense itself of the line (taking the word <i>lay</i> in the sense of +<i>lie</i>) is weak and unmeaning, or at least far from worthy of the former +part of the stanza.</p> + +<p>I am not perhaps bound to offer any emendation<a id="Page_325"></a> <span class="pagenum">[325]</span> of the line, but +in default of anything better I will venture to suggest that his +lordship may have written, or intended to write, the word <i>pray</i> as the +concluding word of the stanza. The sense, with <i>pray</i> instead of <i>lay</i>, +would not, in my judgment, be inferior to that of the line in its +present form; nor would it be in itself inappropriate, as allusion has +just been made to man being sent "howling to his gods;" and, at all +events, by the adoption of <i>pray</i>, an almost unpardonable grammatical +error is avoided.</p> + + <p class="right">P<span class="smcap lowercase">RISCIAN</span>.</p> + +<p>I cannot agree with T. W. as to the stanza quoted from the Hymn to the +Ocean.</p> + + <div class="poem"> + + <p> "Thy waters wasted them while they were free,</p> + <p> And many a tyrant since" (has wasted them),</p> + +</div> + +<p class="noindent">is very good sense, and much more Byronic than the cacophonous inversion +T. W. proposes.</p> + +<p><i>Blackwood's</i> criticism of this hymn (probably by the Professor) is not +at all too severe. Noble as are some parts of it, it is full of +cockneyisms and platitudes. What can be worse than</p> + + <div class="poem"> + + <p>"There let him <i>lay</i>."</p> + +</div> + +<p>Again:</p> + + + <div class="poem"> + + <p> "Roll on, thou deep and dark blue ocean, roll!"</p> + +</div> + +<p class="noindent">is most magnificent in its sonorous march: but the next line is equally +absurd:</p> + + <div class="poem"> + + <p>"Ten thousand fleets sweep over thee <i>in vain</i>!"</p> + +</div> + +<p><i>In vain!</i> Why, did not Columbus discover a world? Did not Nelson make +England's fame eternal? Do not our tea, coffee, wine, and cotton cross +the surging seas?</p> + +<p>As to the "Gladiator" stanza, nobody can doubt that <i>rushed</i> is the +right and most poetic reading. <i>Rush</i> is a strong word: <i>gush</i> a weak +one, much hackneyed by neoteric poetasters. Byron never used <i>gush</i> in +such a sense. Thoughts do not <i>gush</i>, though blood and water may. I +therefore venture to differ from T. W. and his two illustrious friends.</p> + + <p class="right"> M<span class="smcap lowercase">ORTIMER</span> C<span class="smcap lowercase">OLLINS</span>.</p> + +<p>The difficulty which your correspondent T. W. finds in Lord Byron's +celebrated Address to the Ocean is occasioned by his having taken up a +wrong notion of the construction at the first reading; and the solution +of his perplexity is so obvious, when this is once pointed out, that it +must have already occurred to many of your readers, and very probably, +by this time, to T. W. himself. The lines that puzzle him are—</p> + +<div class="poem"> + + <p> "Thy waters wasted them while they were free,</p> + <p>And many a tyrant since; their shores obey</p> + <p> The stranger, slave, or savage."</p> + +</div> + +<p class="noindent">"What!" exclaims T. W., "The waters wasted many a tyrant? How, in the +name of wonder?" How indeed! Probably more readers at once caught the +sense:—</p> + + <div class="poem"> + + <p>"<i>Thy waters</i> wasted them while they were free + And many <i>a tyrant</i> since—<i>has wasted them</i>."</p> + +</div> + +<p>The word "wasted" is used in a somewhat different sense in the two +cases, but this is the price of the antithesis; and the result follows, +that their shores <i>now</i> obey the stranger, the slave, or the savage, as +exemplified in Greece, Asia and Africa respectively. And here we may +observe, that the writer in <i>Blackwood's Magazine</i>, whom T. W. quotes, +and who thinks the ocean appealed to is the world's ocean, and not the +Mediterranean, has been just as blind to the train of thought in the +other part as T. W. in this.</p> + +<p>But in the way of doing something beyond the solution of this particular +obscurity, so far as there is any, I would remark, that Byron's efforts +at concentration and point not unfrequently give rise to an obscurity of +this kind; which for a moment produces a perplexity that seems laughable +as soon as the true sense occurs to us. For instance, on first reading +these verses in the <i>Corsair</i>,—</p> + +<div class="poem"> + + <p> "Be the edge sharpen'd of my boarding brand,</p> + <p> And give its guard more room to fix my hand.</p> + <p> This let the armourer with speed dispose;</p> + <p> Last time, it more fatigued my arm than foes:"</p> + +</div> + +<p class="noindent">I exclaimed, like T. W., "What! his sword <i>fatigued</i> his foes? What a +most absurd expression! To be sure, one may imagine that when Conrad was +killing his enemies one after another without stopping, they would say, +What a <i>tiresome</i> man he is! but this does not seem to be in the vein of +the narration." And then, reading the passage again, and considering +that the pirate complains of the guard of his sword being too narrow, I +saw plainly that, with whatever damage to the rhythm, the verse was to +be read—</p> + + <p class="right"> "Last time, <i>it</i> more fatigued my arm than <i>foes</i>" (did).</p> + +<p class="noindent">My sword, by its not fitting to my hand, fatigued my arm more than all +the resistance that foes could offer.</p> + +<p>I will give another example of the same kind, again taken from the +Pirate. In the enthusiastic description of a ship, he says:</p> + +<div class="poem"> + + <p>"Who would not brave the battle-fire—the wreck—</p> + <p> To move the monarch of her peopled deck?"</p> + +</div> + +<p class="noindent">"Who?" I exclaimed; "but who wants to move him? This monarch is, I +suppose, the captain; but why should men in general wish to move <i>him</i>?" +I suppose most of your readers see at the first what I saw at the second +glance, that Byron meant "to move <i>as</i> the monarch of this deck," that +is, to be the captain.</p> + +<p>If I have satisfied T. W. and the rest of your readers of the +construction of the first passage, I have, I think, also shown that the +tendency to such transient mistakes in reading Byron is not uncommon.</p> + + + <p class="right">W. W.</p> + + <p class="left">Cambridge, Oct. 10. 1851.<a id="Page_326"></a> <span class="pagenum">[326]</span></p> + + + + +<h3><span class="bla">Replies to Minor Queries.</span></h3> + +<h4><span><i>MS. Note in a Copy of Liber Sententiarum</i></span> + <span>(Vol. iv., pp. 188. 282.).</span></h4> + +<p>—For the information of W. S. W. I beg to notify that the +"mundane era" quoted by him is the Septuagint era of Venerable Bede, +who, in his chronology of the world, uses two eras; one of which he +calls "juxta Hebraicam veritatem," the other, "juxta septuaginta +interpretes."</p> + +<p>He makes the concurrence of these with <span class="smcap lowercase">A.D.</span> 1, at the birth of Christ, +to be respectively as follows:—</p> + +<div class="poem"> + +<p class="noindent"><span class="smcap lowercase">A.M</span>. 3952.<br /> + <span class="smcap lowercase">A.M</span>. Sep. 5300.<br /> + <span class="smcap lowercase">A.D.</span> 1.</p> +</div> + +<p>The two latter, as W. S. W. will perceive, are exactly in the same +relation as those in the MS. note.</p> + +<p>I should also suggest that "S" may be the initial in the writer's name, +and not "T": in which case "q̱. T." probably signifies "quam tribuit."</p> + + <p class="right"> A. E. B.</p> + +<p>P.S.—Upon a second reference to the communication of W. S. W. I find +that the above dates <i>are not</i> consistent with those quoted by him, but +differ by exactly a hundred years: that this should be the exact +difference is very singular, and would lead me to suspect that there +might have been a mistake in transcription, were it not that in his +smaller work Bede has this sentence:</p> + +<p class="blockquot"> "Hujus anno Dominus nascitur, completis ab Adam annis + 3952.—<i>Juxta alios</i>, 5199."</p> + + + +<h4><span><i>Naturalis proles</i></span> <span>(Vol. iv., p. 161.).</span></h4> + +<p>—Undoubtedly in Latin +<i>naturalis</i> is opposed to "adopted;" <i>e.g.</i> "P. Scipio ... <i>naturalis</i> +consulis Paulli, <i>adoptione</i> Africani nepos." (Livy, xliv. 44.) I +stumbled some time ago upon the following:</p> + + <p class="blockquot">"The Act of Settlement by which Napoleon, Emperor of France, was + declared King of Italy, with the right of succession to his sons + <i>natural</i> or <i>adopted</i>, and male heirs.... He declared that he + accepted, and would defend, the iron crown; and that even during + his lifetime he would consent to separate the two crowns, and + place one of his <i>natural</i> or <i>adopted</i> sons upon the + throne."—Alison's <i>History</i>, chap. xxxix. §§ 38, 39.</p> + +<p>I have no means of ascertaining whether this is a literal rendering from +the French document. If I may trust my <i>Dictionnaire de l'Académie</i>, +this sense of the word is unknown to the French language, as well as to +ours.</p> + + <p class="right"> C<span class="smcap lowercase">HARLES</span> T<span class="smcap lowercase">HIRIOLD</span>.</p> + + + +<h4><span><i>Print cleaning</i></span> <span>(Vol. iv., p. 175.).</span></h4> + +<p>—The following method is given as +infallible by Mr. Stannard in the <i>Art-Union</i> for 1847, pp. 179. 261.:</p> + + <p class="blockquot"> "Immerse the print for an hour or so in a lye made by adding to + the strongest muriatic acid its own weight in water, and to three + parts of this mixture adding one of red oxide of lead, or black + oxide of manganese. A print, if not quickly cleaned, may remain in + the liquid twenty-four hours without harm. Indian ink stains + should in the first instance be assisted out with hot water. + Pencil marks, if carefully done, should be partially rubbed out + with India rubber or day-old bread; that is, if it can be safely + done, as rubbing an engraving is always hazardous. If the print + had been mounted, the paste on the back should be thoroughly + removed with warm water. The saline crystals left by the solution + may be removed by repeated rinsings with warm water."</p> + + <p class="right">A<span class="smcap lowercase">LTRON</span>.</p> + + + +<h4><span><i>Story referred to by Jeremy Taylor</i></span> <span>(Vol. iv., pp. 208. 262.).</span></h4> + +<p>—My copy +of <i>Don Quixote</i> has the following note on the passage referred to by +Mr. C. H. C<span class="smcap lowercase">OOPER</span>:—</p> + + <p class="blockquot"> "<i>Two old men appeared before Sancho</i>, etc.—I believe this story + is told, for the first time, in some of the Talmudic writings; but + Cervantes, in all probability, took it from the <i>Legenda Aurea + Jacobi de Voragine</i>, in which monkish collection it occurs in + these words:</p> + + <p class="blockquot">"'Vir quidam ab uno Judæo quamdam summam pecuniæ mutuo accepit, + jurans super altare Sancti Nicolai quod quam citius posset sibi + redderet. Tenente autem illo diu pecuniam Judæus expostulavit: sed + eam sibi reddidisse affirmat. Trahit ergo eum ad judicem et + juramentum indicitur debitori: Ille baculum cavatum quem auro + minuto impleverat secum detulerat, ac si ejus adminiculo + indigeret: Volens igitur facere juramentum Judæo baculum tradidit + servandum. Juravit quod plus sibi reddiderat etiam quam debet; et + facto juramento baculum repetiit. Et Judæus ignorans astutiæ eum + sibi reddidit. Rediens autem qui fraudem fecerat in quodam bivio + oppressus corruit somno: Currusque eum, cum impetu veniens, + necuit, et baculum plenum auro fregit, et aurum effudit.'</p> + + <p class="blockquot"> "The conclusion of the story is, that the Jew having received his + money, was earnestly entreated to acknowledge his sense of the + Divine interposition in his favour, by receiving baptism. He said + he would do so if Saint Nicholas would, at his prayer, restore the + dead man to life. The saint was, without much difficulty, induced + to do this, and the Jew became an edifying specimen of conversion. + See the chapter de Sancto Nicolao."—<i>The History of the Ingenious + Gentleman Don Quixote of La Mancha; translated from the Spanish by + Motteux. A new Edition, with copious Notes, &c.</i> Edinburgh, 1822, + vol. v. p. 334.</p> + +<p>May not Jeremy Taylor, in the passage cited from the <i>Ductor +Dubitantium</i> ("N<span class="smcap lowercase">OTES AND</span> Q<span class="smcap lowercase">UERIES</span>, Vol. iv., p. 208.), have been quoting +<i>from memory</i>, and confused the Talmudic(?) legend with a well-known +passage in Juvenal, <i>Sat.</i> xiii. 199-207.? Compare—</p> + + <p class="blockquot"> "The <i>Greek</i> that denied the <i>depositum</i> of his friend, and + offered to swear at the altar,"</p> + +<p class="noindent">with</p> + +<div class="poem"> + + <p> "<i>Spartano</i> cuidam respondit Pythia vates;</p> + <p>Haud impunitum quondam fore, quod dubitaret</p> + <p><i>Depositum</i> retinere et fraudem <i>jure</i> tueri</p> + <p> <i>Jurando</i>."</p> + +</div> + +<p>The Spartan's name was Glaucus. The story is told at large in Herodot. +vi. 86. See Stocker's<a id="Page_327"></a> <span class="pagenum">[327]</span> note on Juv. <i>Sat.</i> xiii. 199. The use of +"sibi," in the extract from the <i>Legenda Aurea</i>, is new to me. Is it +common in monkish Latin?</p> + + <p class="right"> C. F<span class="smcap lowercase">ORBES</span>.</p> + + <p class="left">Temple.</p> + + + +<h4><span><i>Anagrams</i></span> <span>(Vol. iv., pp. 226. 297.).</span></h4> + +<p>—M<span class="smcap lowercase">R</span>. B<span class="smcap lowercase">REEN</span> put another Query +besides "Where shall we find six good anagrams?" He asked, "How comes it +that a species of composition once so popular should have become +extinct?"</p> + +<p>Let me venture to refer M<span class="smcap lowercase">R</span>. B<span class="smcap lowercase">REEN</span> to <i>The Spectator</i> for an answer to +this inquiry; where, in Addison's brilliant papers on "False Wit" (Nos. +58. &c.), he will find the whole family of ingenious +quibblings,—anagrams, acrostics, chronograms, puns, bouts-rimes, +&c.,—mown down to their just level. And + M<span class="smcap lowercase">R</span>. B<span class="smcap lowercase">REEN</span> cannot, I am sure, as +a man of taste, fail to be delighted, even although he may think the +following passage (which I quote chiefly as a warning against the rise +of an anagrammatric epidemic among your correspondents) a little severe +on his old friends:</p> + +<p class="blockquot"> "The acrostic was probably invented about the same time with the + anagram, though it is impossible to decide whether the inventor of + the one or the other were the greater blockhead."</p> + +<p>It is a tempting folly I admit for an idle hour, and I must plead guilty +to having (in consequence of M<span class="smcap lowercase">R</span>. B<span class="smcap lowercase">REEN'S</span> letter) wasted nearly a whole +evening in discovering that</p> + +<div class="poem"> + + <p> "N<span class="smcap lowercase">OTES AND</span> Q<span class="smcap lowercase">UERIES</span>"</p> + <p> "Enquires on Dates!"</p> + +</div> + +<p class="noindent">and also offers the following warning to its contributors—</p> + + <div class="poem"> + + <p>"Send quite Reason;"</p> + +</div> + +<p class="noindent">while as an encouragement it observes (so an ingenious friend informs +us)—</p> + + <div class="poem"> + + <p> "O send in a Request."</p> + +</div> + + <p class="right"> H<span class="smcap lowercase">ERMES</span>.</p> + + + +<h4><span><i>Battle of Brunanburgh</i></span> <span>(Vol. iv., p. 249.).</span></h4> + +<p>—The <i>Egils Saga</i> describes +the duel between the armies of Olaf and Athelstan to have been fought in +a <i>champ clos</i>, inclosed with branches of hazel, upon a space called the +Vinheidi, or <i>heidi</i> of <i>Vin</i>, situate <i>near</i> (vid) or <i>in</i> (á) the +Vinskogr, or forest of Vin. <i>Heidi</i> is a rough open space, with scrubs +or bushes, such as furze, juniper, broom, &c. The <i>heidi</i> and the +<i>skogr</i> were distinct, the latter affording shelter to the fugitives +from the former, p. 290. The text, both Norse and Latin, says, "Then he +brought his army to the Vin-heidi. <i>A certain</i> town stood towards the +north of the heidi." But a various reading in the note says, "to the +town of Vinheidi, which was to the north of the heidi." But it seems as +unreasonable for the town to be called Vinheidi, as Vinskogr. <i>Vin</i> +should be taken for the name of the town, and the root of the other +phrases. The downs or brakes called Vinheidi were inclosed with hazel, +and lay between the forest, or skogr, and some river. The town, being +Olaf's head quarters, lay north of them. Athelstan occupied the nearest +town to the south of the heidi. [Query, whether south of the river?] The +northern town Vin is no doubt the Weon from which the Weon-dune (downs +of Weon, or heidi of Vin) was called. The other name given by Simeon +Dunelmensis to that space is curious, as showing how well the spot was +adapted for attack and pursuit, "eth-runnan-werc," that is, +"facilis-ad-opus-currendi." The name Brunanburg, probably signifying +"the town of bourns," or watercourses, is unequivocally that of a town. +Since Olaf or Arlaf had his quarters at Vin, it was probably at that +place where Athelstan was stationed. Find these two places, Vin the +northern-most of the two, and find the river. The heidi and the skogr +are probably grubbed and ploughed up.</p> + + <p class="right"> A. N.</p> + + + +<h4><span><i>Praed's Works</i></span> <span>(Vol. iv., p. 256.).</span></h4> + +<p>—Some three years ago I saw a +prospectus announcing that they would be published by Mr. Parker of +Oxford, under the direction of Mrs. Praed; but I believe nothing has +been done in the matter since.</p> + + <p class="right"> W. J.</p> + + + +<h4><span><i>Sir J. Davies</i></span> <span>(Vol. iv., p. 256.).</span></h4> + +<p>—Messrs. Puttick and Simpson, 191. +Piccadilly, have, or had recently, an original MS. of this eminent +lawyer and poet. Perhaps L. G<span class="smcap lowercase">YFFES</span> would learn something of it by +communication with them, and, if curious, oblige your readers with an +account of it.</p> + + <p class="right"> R.</p> + + + +<h4><span><i>Coins of Constantius Gallus</i></span> <span>(Vol. iv., p. 238.).</span></h4> + +<p>—M<span class="smcap lowercase">R</span>. T<span class="smcap lowercase">AYLOR</span> appears +to me not altogether correct in his distinctions of these coins. The +name V<span class="smcap lowercase">AL</span>. certainly generally denotes Constantius Chlorus, but there are +coins of Constantius II. also with V<span class="smcap lowercase">AL</span>. It is impossible for a practised +numismatist to confound the coins of these emperors, not only from the +difference of lettering and workmanship, but from the change in the +size, thickness, &c. of the coins. I have coins of Constantius II. with +V<span class="smcap lowercase">AL</span>. bearing the same reverse as others with + <span class="smcap lowercase">IVL</span>. (P<span class="smcap lowercase">ROVIDENTIAE</span> C<span class="smcap lowercase">AESS</span>) +in my cabinet. I have also several coins of Constantius II. with +<span class="smcap lowercase">P.F.AVG.</span>, which have <span class="smcap lowercase">A.</span> behind the head. I refer above only to coins of +bronze, second and third sizes; but I should suppose the rules would +apply also to the gold coins. I see "N<span class="smcap lowercase">OTES AND</span> Q<span class="smcap lowercase">UERIES</span>" only monthly, or +I should have written sooner, but I hope not to be too late.</p> + + <p class="right"> W. H. S.</p> + + <p class="left"> Edinburgh.</p> + + + +<h4><span><i>Passage in Sedley</i></span> <span>(Vol. iii., p. 476.).—</span></h4> + + <div class="poem"> + + <p> "Let fools the name of loyalty divide</p> + <p>Wise men and gods are on the strongest side."</p> + +</div> + +<p>I much fear your correspondent H<span class="smcap lowercase">ENRY</span> H. B<span class="smcap lowercase">REEN</span> suggests an alteration in +Sir Charles<a id="Page_328"></a> <span class="pagenum">[328]</span> Sedley's couplet more favourable to the witty +baronet's principles than facts will admit. It is too probable that he +conceived the sentiment just as it stands; for we must remember that he +belonged to that school of loose wits of the Restoration, who, "Regis ad +exemplar," made a mock of all which tended to place "virtue" above +"interest," or to make men "too fond of the right to pursue the +expedient."</p> + +<p>Charles II. and his long train of licentious courtiers now stand at the +bar of history, and the verdict on him must be, that if he had a +principle in latter life it was this,—that he would never endanger +himself for any abstract rule of right; or as Sir W. Scott, in +<i>Peveril</i>, accurately says: "he had sworn never to kiss the block on +which his father suffered," when yielding to the current would save him +from it; hence, there is too good reason to think that, in his +estimation, and in the judgment of the school he formed, "loyalty" was +"folly," and to take the strongest side "wisdom."</p> + +<p>The reference in Sedley's couplet to the line—</p> + + <div class="poem"> + + <p>"Victrix causa Diis placuit, sed victa Catoni"—</p> + +</div> + +<p class="noindent">is too obvious to need notice; and it is but too certain that in the +estimation of a courtier of Charles II., Cato dying for his country +would be but "a fool for his pains." It is painful to be obliged to +remind M<span class="smcap lowercase">R</span>. B<span class="smcap lowercase">REEN</span> that, in order to understand Sedley's meaning, we are +not to look for what would be "most consistent with truth," but for what +was most probably accordant with the lax morality of the author.</p> + + <p class="right">A. B. R.</p> + + <p class="left">Belmont, Oct. 6. 1851.</p> + + + +<h4><span><i>Buxtorf's Translation of Elias Levita's "Tub Taam"</i></span> +<span>(Vol. iv., p. 272.).</span></h4> + + +<p>—This work was printed at Venice in 1538, in 4to. Münster +republished it in the next following year, with an epitome of its +contents in Latin. (G. B. de' Rossi, <i>Dizionario Storico, &c.</i>, art. +"Levita.").</p> + + <p class="right"> T. T.</p> + + <p class="left">Manchester.</p> + + + +<h4><span><i>Stonehenge</i></span> <span>(Vol. iv., p. 57.).</span></h4> + +<p>—P. P.'s objection to Sir R. C. Hoare's +derivation of <i>Stonehenge</i> seems hardly justifiable. Surely the +horizontal stones there may be said to hang, <span title="[Greek: meteôroi]">μετέωροι</span>, or +<span title="[Greek: metarsioi]">μετάρσιοι</span>, sublime: as in the case of "Rocq Pendant" of +Alderney, the term "hanging" is loosely applied. That leans forth from +the cliff at a considerable angle out of the perpendicular, and is +"hanging," in another sense of the word, like the Leaning Tower of Pisa, +and as, in another acceptation, the famous terrace gardens of Babylon +are called the Hanging Gardens.</p> + + <p class="right">T<span class="smcap lowercase">HEOPHYLACT</span>.</p> + + + +<h4><span><i>Glass in Windows formerly not a Fixture</i></span> +<span>(Vol. iv., p. 99.).</span></h4> + +<p>—Referring +to this subject, allow me to add a Note I have from the will of Robert +Birkes, of Doncaster, alderman, proved at York, July 30, 1590, in +further illustration. The testator gives to his son Robert all "the +seeling work and portalls" in and about the house where he dwelt, "with +all doors, <i>glass windows</i>," &c., in full of his child's portion of his +goods; and then his <i>house</i> he gave to his wife for her life. If by +"seeling work and portalls" are meant what we now understand by those +terms, the above extract shows that other essential parts of a house +besides glass windows were formerly considered as moveable chattels.</p> + + <p class="right">C. J.</p> + + + +<h4><span><i>Fortune, infortune, fort une</i> </span> +<span>(Vol. iv., pp. 57. 142.).</span></h4> + +<p>—The +explanation offered by a writer in the <i>Magasin Pittoresque</i> for 1850, +seems perfectly clear without the proposed transposition of the adverb +<i>fort</i> into <i>fait</i> of your correspondent D. C.</p> + +<p>If the sentence be read according to the French explanation D. C. has +quoted, viz. by reading <i>infortune</i> as a verb, <i>fort</i> the adverb to it, +it must be plain that the reading of the sentence must be:</p> + +<div class="poem"> + + <p>"Fortune fort infortune une."</p> + + <p> (Fortune very much afflicts one.)</p> + +</div> + +<p>If we turned <i>fort</i> into <i>fait</i>, it would entirely spoil the sentence.</p> + +<p>Query, But <i>is</i> "infortuner" to be found as a verb in any old +dictionary? We have the adjective "infortuné," which looks much like a +participle.</p> + + <p class="right">J. C. W.</p> + + <p class="left">Francis Terrace, Kentish Town.</p> + + + +<h4><span><i>Matthew Paris's "Historia Minor"</i> </span> +<span>(Vol. iv., p. 209.).</span></h4> + +<p>—M<span class="smcap lowercase">R</span>. S<span class="smcap lowercase">ANSOM</span> will +find the desired MS. in the British Museum, 14 C. vii. (Macray's <i>Manual +of Brit. Hist.</i>, p. 26. Lond. 1845.)</p> + + <p class="right">R. G.</p> + + +<p>In the Cottonian library, Claudius D. vi. 9., will be found "Abbreviatio +compendiosa Chronicorum Angliæ, ab A<span class="topnum">o</span> 1000, ad A. 1255. Scripsit quidam +ad calcem, 'Hic desinit Mat. Paris Historia Minor, quæ est epitome +Majoris, quæ ad <span class="smcap lowercase">A.D</span>. 1258 continuatur.'"</p> + +<p><i>The Bibliothecæ Regiæ</i>, 14 C. vii., contains "Historiæ M. Paris. +Continuatio ad <span class="smcap lowercase">A.D</span>. 1273, alia manu. De possessione hujus Codicis multa +fuit altercatio." (See Warton's <i>History of English Poetry</i>, vol. i. p. +lxxxviii. edit. 1840.) There are also MSS. at Corpus Christi College +(No. 56.) and Ben'et College, Cambridge (No. 31.). Macray states, that +the <i>Historia Minor</i> was made out of the <i>Historia Major</i> by Paris, both +from Wendover to 1235, and his own large additions after that period.</p> + + + <p class="right"> J. Y.</p> + + <p class="left"> Hoxton.</p> + + + + +<h4><span><i>Sanford's "Descensus"</i></span> +<span> (Vol. iv., p. 232.).</span></h4> + +<p>—The work of Hugo +Sanfordus, <i>De Descensu Domini nostri Jesu Christi ad inferos</i>, was +published as a separate work at Amsterdam in 1611, and its title is +inserted in the printed catalogue of the Bodleian Library. Can + Æ<span class="smcap lowercase">GROTUS</span> +give a specific reference to the book, page, and edition of Gale's +<i>Court of the Gentiles</i> in which it is spoken of, and also his authority +for the statement that it was<a id="Page_329"></a> <span class="pagenum">[329]</span> published in the works of a bishop +who survived him?</p> + + <p class="right">T<span class="smcap lowercase">YRO</span>.</p> + + + +<h4><span><i>Death of Pitt</i> </span> +<span>(Vol. iv., p. 232.).</span></h4> + +<p>—M<span class="smcap lowercase">R</span>. + N<span class="smcap lowercase">ATHANIEL</span> +E<span class="smcap lowercase">LLISON</span> will find in +the <i>Memoirs of Lady Hester Stanhope</i>, vol. iii. p. 141., a passage +which pretty nearly confirms the account of <i>the desertion of Pitt's +death-bed</i>. She said that James, a servant, was the only person present +with Pitt when he died, and that she herself was the last person who saw +him alive except James. She also stated that Dr. Pretyman, who seems to +have been in the house, was fast asleep at the time; and that Sir Walter +Farquhar, the physician, was absent. The account of Pitt's last moments +in Gifford's life of him, where a prayer for forgiveness, &c. is put +into his mouth, she pronounced to be <i>all a lie</i>.</p> + + <p class="right">J. S. W.</p> + + <p class="left">Stockwell.</p> + + + +<h4><span><i>History of Hawick</i> </span> +<span>(Vol iv., p. 233.).</span></h4> + +<p>—In reply to the Query of your +correspondent H. L., I have to inform him that there have been published +two histories of Hawick, viz.,—</p> + +<p>1. Robert Wilson's <i>Sketch of the History of Hawick</i>, a small 8vo. +printed in 1825. It contains a notice of the altercations between the +Abbot of Melrose and Langlands the Baron of Wilton, relative to the +arrear of tithes due to the abbacy of Melrose. A copy of this work can +be procured for about 5<i>s.</i></p> + +<p>2. James Wilson's <i>Annals of Hawick, 1214-1814</i>, a small 8vo. printed in +1850. This work, under date 1494-5, has a notice of the murder of the +chaplain by Langlands. This book can be had for 6<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i></p> + +<p>A notice of the trial of Langlands for the murder will also be found in +Pitcairn's <i>Criminal Trials</i>, vol. i. p. 20.</p> + + <p class="right">T. G. S.</p> + + <p class="left"> Edinburgh, Oct. 6. 1851.</p> + + + + +<h4><span>"<i>Prophecies of Nostradamus</i>" </span> +<span>(Vol. iv., pp. 86. 140. 258.).</span></h4> + +<p>—J. R. says +that "the first edition of the <i>Prophecies of Nostradamus</i> is not only +in the National Library, but in several others, both in Paris and +elsewhere." Does J. R. speak from personal observation or at +second-hand? When I was in Paris I spent some hours in searching the +catalogue and shelves of both the National Library and that of St. +Geneviève, but I could find no edition of Nostradamus dated 1555 in +either. To convince myself that my search had been accurate, I turned to +<i>Nostradamus</i>, par Eugène Bareste, Paris, 1840, and there found it +distinctly asserted that there is no copy of the first edition of the +book (viz. that of 1555) <i>in any public library</i> in Paris, and that the +copy used in compiling that edition of 1840 was borrowed from a private +collection. I cannot give the exact words of M. Bareste, as I only made +a "Note" of their purport; but if J. R. will say upon what authority his +statement as to this rare little book is based, I will certainly some +day renew my search for it at the National Library.</p> + + + <p class="right"> H. C. D<span class="smcap lowercase">E</span> S<span class="smcap lowercase">T</span>. + C<span class="smcap lowercase">ROIX</span>.</p> + + + +<h4><span><i>Bourchier Family</i></span> +<span> (Vol. iv., p. 233.).</span></h4> + +<p>—Monuments, with inscriptions, +to William Bourchier, Earl of Bath, 1623; Henry Bourchier, Earl of Bath; +many of the family of Bourchier-Wrey, and others allied to them, are in +the church of Tavistock, in the county of Devon; and the whole of them +have been carefully transcribed with notes of the heraldry.</p> + + <p class="right"> S. S. S.</p> + + + +<h4><span><i>William III. at Exeter</i></span> +<span> (Vol. iv., p. 233.).</span></h4> + +<p>—Jenkins, the historian of +Exeter, in relating the prince's public entry into that city, states +that he was preceded by the Earl of Macclesfield and two hundred +horsemen, <i>most of whom</i> were English nobles and gentlemen. There is in +the Bodleian Library a fo. broadsheet entitled, <i>A True and Exact +Relation of the Prince of Orange, his Publick Entrance into Exeter</i>, +which, if I remember right, was reprinted in Somers' <i>Tracts</i>, but I do +not think any names of those gentlemen are therein mentioned.</p> + + <p class="right"> S. S. S.</p> + + + + +<h4><span><i>Passage in George Herbert</i> </span> +<span>(Vol. iv., p. 231.).</span></h4> + +<p>—Does not Herbert imply +in these lines—</p> + + <div class="poem"> + + <p> "Take one from ten, and what remains?</p> + <p>Ten still, if sermons go for gains."</p> + +</div> + +<p class="noindent">that the payer of <i>tithes</i> receives an equivalent in the ministrations +of the priest?</p> + + <p class="right">S. C. C.</p> + + <p class="left"> Corfe Castle.</p> + +<p>This passage alludes doubtless to the tithe of the parson, and maintains +that the tithe-payer is no loser if the sermons for which tithe is paid +produce their effects. In fact, it is a paraphrase of <i>Proverbs</i>, iii. +9, 10.:</p> + + <p class="blockquot"> "Honour the Lord with all thy substance, and with the first fruits + of all thine increase: so shall thy barns be filled with plenty, + and thy presses shall burst out with new wine."</p> + + + <p class="right">J. A. P<span class="smcap lowercase">ICTON</span>.</p> + + <p class="left"> Liverpool.</p> + + + +<h4><span><i>Suicides buried in Cross Roads</i> </span> +<span>(Vol. iv., pp. 116. 212.).</span></h4> + +<p>—This was +formerly the general practice in the South of England, and it has +occasionally been resorted to within the last thirty years. At +Chalvington, in Sussex, there once resided, according to a popular +tradition, the <i>only honest miller ever known</i>. About a century since, +this person, finding it impossible to succeed in business, hanged +himself in his own mill, and was buried in a neighbouring "crossways." +An oaken stake, driven through his body, taking root, grew into a tree, +and threw a singular shrivelled branch, the only one it ever produced, +across the road. It was the most singular tree I ever saw, and had +something extremely hag-like and ghostly in its look. The spot was of +course haunted, and many a rustic received a severe shock to his<a id="Page_330"></a> <span class="pagenum">[330]</span> +feelings on passing it after nightfall. The tradition was of course +received by the intelligent as a piece of superstitious <i>folk-lore</i>, and +the story of the "only honest miller" was regarded as a mere <i>myth</i>, +until about twenty-five years ago, when a labourer employed in digging +sand near the roots of the scraggy oak tree, discovered a human +skeleton. This part of the history I can vouch for, having seen, when a +schoolboy, some of the bones. I must not omit to mention that the honest +miller of Chalvington owned the remarkable peculiarity of a "tot" or +tuft of hair growing in the palm of each hand!</p> + + <p class="right"> M<span class="smcap lowercase">ARK</span> A<span class="smcap lowercase">NTONY</span> L<span class="smcap lowercase">OWER</span>.</p> + + + +<h4><span><i>Armorial Bearings</i> </span> +<span>(Vol. iv., p. 58.).</span></h4> + +<p>—The coat of arms described by +F. I. B. is given by Robson and by Burke to the family of Kelley of +Terrington, co. Devon, and the crests are similar, but I can find no +authority for the coat in any work relating to that county. The ancient +family, Kelly of Kelly, in Devon, bore a very different coat and crest. +There is no such place as Terrington in that county, unless Torrington +be meant, but no family of note bearing the name of Kelley had +possessions there. I conclude, therefore, that there must be a mistake +as to the county.</p> + + <p class="right"> S. S. S.</p> + + + +<h4><span>"<i>Life of Cromwell</i>"</span> +<span> (Vol. iv., p. 117.).</span></h4> + +<p>—No life of Cromwell was ever +written by "<i>one Kember</i>;" there is a <i>Life of Oliver Cromwell, Lord +Protector of the Commonwealth of England, Scotland, and Ireland</i>, the +second edition (London, 1725) of which, greatly enlarged from the first, +is now before me, and which has the autograph of Malone, who has on the +fly-leaf asserted it to have been "written by Isaac Kimber, a Dissenting +minister, who was born at Vantage in Berkshire, Dec. 1, 1692. His son, +Edward Kimber, refers to it as the work of his father, in a history of +England in ten volumes, which he published."</p> + +<p>Kimber's life is a much better one than Carlyle's; but the best +biography of that most extraordinary man is by Thomas Cromwell, +published some twenty or thirty years since, and of which there was a +second edition.</p> + + <p class="right"> J. M<span class="smcap lowercase">T</span>.</p> + + + +<h4><span><i>Harris, Painter in Water Colours</i></span> +<span> (Vol. iii., p. 329.).</span></h4> + +<p>—In answer to +the inquiry of T. C. W., relative to a Bible (Reeves, 1802) in the +possession of his friend, I beg leave to state that the said Bible was +illustrated with original drawings by my father, J. Harris of Walworth, +who died seventeen years since, and that I am his only son surviving him +in his profession. Any further communication relative to him I shall be +most happy to give on a personal interview.</p> + + <p class="right">J. H<span class="smcap lowercase">ARRIS</span>.</p> + + <p class="left">40. Sidmouth Street, Regent Square,<br /> + Sept. 27. 1851.</p> + + + +<h4><span>"<i>Son of the Morning</i>" </span> +<span>(Vol. iv., p. 209.).</span></h4> + +<p>—A<span class="smcap lowercase">N</span> O<span class="smcap lowercase">LD</span> B<span class="smcap lowercase">ENGAL</span> C<span class="smcap lowercase">IVILIAN</span> is +informed that, no matter whom Byron may have intended to designate by +the above glorious appellation, there is but ONE to whom it properly +belongs. If your correspondent will consult the 110th Psalm, he will +find David representing God the Father as thus addressing God the Son, +the Lord Jesus Christ: "The dew of Thy birth is of the <i>womb of the +morning</i>."</p> + + <p class="right"> G. L. S.</p> + + <p class="left"> Pemb. Coll. Oxon., Sept. 20. 1851.</p> + +<p>This seems to be an invocation to the personification of Light, Lucifer, +or <span title="[Greek: phôsphoros]">φωσφορος</span>, the "son of the morning," by which intellectual +light is indicated, through whose assistance we are enabled to discover +the true faith.</p> + +<p>The poet enters a caveat that the latter do not act the part of an +Iconoclast, as has too often been her wont. At least this appears to me +to be the interpretation.</p> + + <p class="right"> E. I. U. S. Club.</p> + + + + +<h4><span><i>Grimsdyke or Grimesditch</i></span> +<span> (Vol. iv., p. 192.).</span></h4> + +<p>—Your Querist N<span class="smcap lowercase">AUTICUS</span> +describes the vallum or ditch called "Grimsdyke, or Grimesditch, or the +Devil's Ditch," running from Great Berkhampstead, Hants, to Bradenham, +Bucks, and then puts two Queries.</p> + +<p>N<span class="smcap lowercase">AUTICUS</span> assumes that this ditch had, at some distant day, been an +artificial earthwork; but at the same time he points out that, "from its +total want of flank defence, it could hardly hold an enemy in check for +long; and that it does not seem to have been a military way." He asks, +"Are there other earthworks of the same name (Grimsdyke) in England?" I +find no trace of any other <i>earthworks</i> of that name in England; and it +may be very questionable whether this ditch be of ancient earthwork, or +of its original natural formation.</p> + +<p>But there is, in <i>Cheshire</i>, a brook or rivulet in its pristine state, +called <i>Grimsditch</i>. This brook or rivulet is one of the contributory +streams of Cheshire to the great rivers, the Mersey and the Weaver; and +is described by the author of <i>King's Vale Royal of England, or the +County Palatine of Chester illustrated</i>, published in 1656, as follows:</p> + + <p class="blockquot">"The Grimsditch cometh from the Hall of Grimsditch, by Preston, +Daresbury, Keckwith, and so falleth into the Marsey."</p> + +<p>Here then we have the name of a place which gives the name of +<i>Grimsditch</i> to the brook or rivulet; and it is, moreover, shown by the +County History that the place (the hamlet or lands of Grimsditch) has +been in the possession of a family of the name of Grimsditch from the +time of Henry III.</p> + +<p>From the words of the original grant this hamlet, by which Thomas +Tuschet, in 10 Hen. III. 1226, grants to Hugo de Grimsditch "totam +terram de Grimsdich pertinentem ad villam de Witeleigh"<a id="Page_331"></a> <span class="pagenum">[331]</span> +(Ormerod's <i>Chesh.</i> i. 488.), it may be inferred that the place went by +the name of Grimsditch prior to the Norman Conquest. There can therefore +be but little doubt that the name is of Anglo-Saxon origin.</p> + +<p>The present possessor of the property is Thomas Grimsditch, Esq., late +M.P. for the borough of Macclesfield.</p> + +<p>The second Query of N<span class="smcap lowercase">AUTICUS</span> applies to the <i>etymology</i> of the word +Grimsditch.</p> + +<p>This is a very difficult question to solve. Take the first syllable: +<i>Grim</i>, <i>grime</i>, dirt, sullying blackness.</p> + + <p class="blockquot"> "She sweats; a man may go over shoes in the <i>grime</i> of + it."—Shakspeare.</p> + +<p>Then the word <i>ditch</i>: this is derived from dic (Saxon), dük (Erse); but +whatever may be the true etymology of the word, it can scarcely be +doubted that it is of Anglo-Saxon origin.</p> + +<p>I may however add that there is a tradition in the Grimsditch family of +Cheshire, said to have been handed down for many ages, as to the origin +of the name, to the following effect:</p> + +<p>That in remote ages their first parents were warriors; that one of these +warriors was attacked by a griffin; that a fierce contest ensued; and +that the man was the conqueror of that fabulous bird or beast, the +battle-ground being a <i>dyke</i> or <i>ditch</i>.</p> + +<p>Hence, says the tradition, emanated the family coat of arms, which are +certainly very singular, viz. Azure, a griffin or, about to tear, and +ramping upon, a warrior, completely armed in plate armour, in bend +dexter, across the lower part of the shield. Crest, a <i>Talbot</i>.</p> + + <p class="right">W<span class="smcap lowercase">ILLIAM</span> B<span class="smcap lowercase">EAUMONT</span>.</p> + +<p>In reply to your correspondent N<span class="smcap lowercase">AUTICUS</span>, who inquires whether there are +any ancient entrenchments in England known by the name of <i>Grimsdyke</i>, +besides the one he mentions in Hants, I beg to remind him that the Roman +wall (or ditch and rampart) executed between the Firths of Forth and +Clyde during the reign of the Emperor Antoninus Pius, is popularly +called by the above name. To account for the name, it has been said that +it originated in the circumstance of a chieftain of the name of <i>Graham</i> +having been the first to force his way through it; but those who gave +such a derivation of the word could scarcely have been aware that it +bears this name in common with at least two others, viz., that mentioned +by N<span class="smcap lowercase">AUTICUS</span> as existing at Great Berkhampstead, Hants; and the other +pointed out by W. S. G. as near Salisbury.</p> + + <p class="right"> L. D. L.</p> + + + + +<h4><span><i>Cagots</i></span> +<span> (Vol. iv., p. 190.).</span></h4> + + +<p>—In reply to the inquiry of R<span class="smcap lowercase">USTICUS</span>, I +rather imagine the <i>Cagots</i> are the remains of the Paulician "Churches" +of Thoulouse Albi and <i>Cahors</i> (<i>Charhagensis</i>) of Maitland's <i>Albigenes +and Waldenses</i>, p. 428.; and that the Cretins are no other than +<i>credentes</i> (cf. Maitland passim), probably remnants of the same body of +heretics.</p> + + <p class="right"> A<span class="smcap lowercase">JAX</span>.</p> + +<p>Is there any resemblance between them and Cretins? Are there any +families or races of Cretins ever heard of?</p> + + <p class="right">C. B.</p> + + + +<h4><span><i>The Serpent represented with a human Head</i> </span> +<span>(Vol. iv., p. 191.).</span></h4> + +<p>—I send +you two instances of the serpent being represented with a human head; +the first occurs in the Arundel MS. No. 23., in this College, containing +the genealogical descent of King Edward IV., and apparently coeval with +that sovereign. The other is a beautifully executed sketch of Adam and +Eve in a MS., also in this College, of the time of Henry VII., at the +commencement of <i>The Genealogy of the Saxon Kings from Adam</i>. They are +both female heads, the latter, however, being the entire bust.</p> + + <p class="right">T<span class="smcap lowercase">HOMAS</span> + W. K<span class="smcap lowercase">ING</span> (York Herald).</p> + + <p class="left">College of Arms.</p> + + +<p>In the stained glass of the east window in the Lady Chapel, Wells +Cathedral (temp. Edw. III.), the serpent, which is entwined round a +tree, and holds an apple, has not only the head but the upper half of a +human figure. On a scroll is written in uncial letters, "Si comederitis +de ligno vitæ eritis sicut Dii scientis bonis et malis;" and in a +straight line below the subject, "Arbor cum Serpente."</p> + + <p class="right"> T. W<span class="smcap lowercase">T</span>.</p> + + + +<h4><span><i>Fire Unknown</i> </span> +<span>(Vol. iv., pp. 209. 283.).</span></h4> + +<p>—At the time when Leibnitz +wrote, curious references to accounts of savages were not infrequent. +All your readers will remember Locke's reference to some account of +savages who had neither idea of God nor of being superior to man. It may +be that narratives of tribes who did not use fire, who lived on dried +flesh or fish, for instance, may have given rise to an idea of their not +knowing fire. I think I remember to have seen it stated that some of the +savages of Australia did not know fire. On this, five-and-twenty years +ago, I made a note from Mr. Barron Field's <i>Collection of Geographical +Memoirs of New South Wales</i>. Two wrecked Englishmen passed some time +among the natives, and found they had no knowledge that water could be +heated; but the very story seems to show that they knew of fire. On +boiling some in a tin pot,</p> + + <p class="blockquot">"The whole tribe gathered round them, and watched the pot till it + began to boil, when they all took to their heels, shouting and + screaming, nor could they be persuaded to return till they saw + them pour the water out and clean the pot, when they slowly + ventured back and carefully covered the place where the water was + spilt with sand."</p> + +<p>These two Englishmen were treated with great attention by the natives, +they were painted twice a day, and it was quite their own faults that +they did not have their noses bored and their bodies scarified.</p> + + <p class="right"> M.<a id="Page_332"></a> <span class="pagenum">[332]</span></p> + + + +<h4><span><i>Plant in Texas</i></span> + <span>(Vol. iv., p. 208.).</span></h4> + +<p>—The following is an extract +from a periodical of 1848 or 1849:</p> + + <p class="blockquot"> "According to the <i>Medical Times</i>, Major Alvord has discovered on + the American prairies a plant possessing the property of pointing + north and south, and has given it the name of <i>Sylphium + laciniatum</i>."</p> + + <p class="right">G. P***.</p> + + + + +<h4><span><i>Copying Inscriptions</i> </span> +<span>(Vol. iv., p. 266.).</span></h4> + +<p>—M. Lottin de Laval, "by a +new process," has produced the most accurate copies of cuneatic +inscriptions that have yet been published. It is said that he has copied +by his process (which must, I think, be some kind of heliography) 1200 +inscriptions from the Sinaitic peninsula, the publication of which may +be speedily expected, so that M<span class="smcap lowercase">R.</span> B<span class="smcap lowercase">UCKTON'S</span> wishes on this point are +anticipated. These inscriptions have been already deciphered.</p> + + <p class="right"> E. H. D. D.</p> + + + +<h4><span><i>Chantrey's Statue of Mrs. Jordan</i></span> +<span>(Vol. iv., p. 58.).</span></h4> + +<p>—M<span class="smcap lowercase">R.</span> C<span class="smcap lowercase">ORNISH</span> will find this statue at Mapledurham in Oxon, the living of the lady's son. +It remains there, it is stated, until an appropriate site can be +obtained.</p> + + <p class="right">W. A.</p> + + + + +<h4><span><i>Portraits of Burke</i></span> +<span> (Vol. iv., p. 271.).</span></h4> + +<p>—I doubt that Sir Joshua +Reynolds ever painted a miniature, and I should say certainly not after +Mr. Burke "had passed the meridian of life." His sister, Miss Reynolds, +was a professed <i>miniature painter</i>, and I have little doubt must have +painted Mr. Burke, as she certainly did Johnson; but the description +given of this miniature is very unlike Mr. Burke. The name of the +possessor might, in some degree, enable us to ascertain whether the +portraits mentioned are really of the great statesman.</p> + + <p class="right">C.</p> + + + +<h4><span><i>Martial's Distribution of Hours</i></span> +<span> (Vol. iv., p. 273.).</span></h4> + +<p>—Martial's +distribution of hours and employments seems to me to be as +follows:—From 6 till 8 the visits of the "salutantes" are received; +from 8 till 9 the law tribunals are attended; from 9 till 11 the "varii +labores" occupy; from 11 till 12 the "quies." The expression "in +quintam" must bring us to the end of the 5th hour; and the "sexta hora" +must be that which concludes at 12.</p> + +<p>Your inquirer A. E. B. might have further asked what is the difference +between the "quies" of the "sexta," and the "finis" of the "septima." To +understand this is to understand the difficulty which he propounds. I +apprehend the "quies" not to mean the "siesta," but that gradual and +perhaps irregular cessation or suspension of employments which precedes +the close of business for the day. The "siesta" is the "finis" of +Martial, which would thus fall between 12 and 1; that time of the day at +which A. E. B. fixes it rightly. I think he errs in identifying the +"siesta" with the "sexta hora."</p> + +<p>To question 214 I may be allowed to reply, that the effect of moonlight +upon the face of those who sleep exposed to it in hot climates is very +severe indeed, producing an appearance not very unlike that of a swollen +and putrescent corpse. The Psalmist refers to it Ps. cxxi. 6.; and all +who have lived in the East Indies are well acquainted with the +phenomenon.</p> + + <p class="right"> T<span class="smcap lowercase">HEOPHYLACT</span>.</p> + + + + + +<h2><span class="bla">Miscellaneous.</span></h2> + + +<h3><span>NOTES ON BOOKS, SALES, CATALOGUES, ETC.</span></h3> + +<p>The <i>Antiquarian Gleanings in the North of England, being Examples of +Antique Furniture, Plate, Church Decorations, Objects of Historical +Interest, &c., drawn and etched by William B. Scott, Government School +of Design, Newcastle</i>, which has just been completed, is a valuable +addition to the numerous works which have been published of late years +illustrative of archæology in its most picturesque aspect. It will be +seen from the title that Mr. Scott has not confined himself to any one +class of objects; in some cases historical associations having +determined his choice; in others, the rarity of examples of the object +illustrated; in others, their intrinsic beauty. The Chair of the +Venerable Bede, and the Swords of Cromwell, Fairfax, and Lambert, belong +to the first of these divisions; as the Nautilus Cup set in gold, and +the Ivory Cup, both the property of Mr. Howard of Corby, belong to the +last: and so much taste and skill has Mr. Scott shown in the whole of +the thirty-eight plates, as quite to justify the hope expressed by him, +that in all of them the connoisseur and the artist will find something +worthy attention.</p> + +<p>We have before us two books to which we desire to direct the attention +of our readers. The first is <i>A Manual of Ecclesiastical History, from +the First to the Twelfth Century</i>, by the Rev. E. S. Foulkes, M.A., the +main plan of which has been borrowed from Spanheim, and the materials +principally compiled from that writer, Spondanus, Mosheim and Fleury, +Gieseler, Döllinger, and others, respecting whom, however, Mr. Foulkes +states, "I believe I have never once trusted to them on a point +involving controversy without examining their authorities." "Let +nobody," he elsewhere observes, "think that he can fairly know Church +History from reading a single modern historian, whether Protestant or +Roman Catholic; the only way of getting a correct view, unless a person +should have time to consult the originals, is to read two opposite +writers, side by side, and balance one set of facts against the other. +Yet even so it is hopeless to get a true appreciation of past times +except through cotemporary writings; I have therefore appended to the +catalogue of modern historians a few of the principal cotemporary works, +disciplinary, doctrinal, and historical, from age to age down to the end +of the twelfth century, which would be a far more trustworthy clue to +the real sentiments of the times than could be gained from a more modern +source, and could not, I think, fail to be a corrective to narrow +misapprehensions, and a great help to the student whose wish it is to be +fair and candid." These extracts from Mr. Foulke's preface (which +contains brief notices of the principal modern writers on the<a id="Page_333"></a> <span class="pagenum">[333]</span> +subject) sufficiently explain the nature of his very useful and +carefully compiled volume.</p> + +<p>The other, Calmet's <i>Dictionary of the Bible, Abridged, Modernized, and +Re-edited, according to the most recent Biblical Researches</i>, by T. A. +Buckley, B.A., is addressed to a wider class of readers, and in its +preparation general utility has been the main object; while in the +remodelling which this popular and useful work of Calmet has here +undergone, care has been taken to purify it from the Rationalism with +which all the later editions have been charged, and to supply its place +by such copious additions and alterations from the most recent biblical +researches, so as to make the present edition rather a new book than a +reprint of an old one; and deserving of that extensive circulation which +its extremely moderate price is calculated to procure for it.</p> + +<p><i>The Principles of Chemistry illustrated by Simple Experiments</i>, by Dr. +J. A. Stöckhardt, Professor in the Royal Academy of Agriculture at +Tharaud, having been extensively adopted as an introductory work in the +Schools of Germany, in consequence of its convenient classification and +its clear and concise elucidation of principles, and explanation of +chemical phenomena, it was translated into English at the recommendation +of Professor Horsford; and a reprint of it from the American edition +forms the new volume of Bohn's <i>Standard Library</i>. It is illustrated +with numerous engravings, and as the necessary apparatus for performing +most of the experiments in it is extremely small, the book will no doubt +soon become a popular one.</p> + +<p>The Chetham Library, Manchester, will shortly receive a valuable +addition to its literary treasures by Mr. Halliwell's donation of his +extensive collection of Proclamations, Ballads, and Broadsides, which, +we are informed, extends to upwards of 2500 articles, including many of +great rarity, and a few probably unique. Amongst the latter are two +curious black-letter ballads, printed in the year 1570, unnoticed by all +bibliographers, and not to be found in the useful and interesting +<i>Extracts from the Registers of the Stationers' Company</i>, recently +published by Mr. Collier; but the greater portion of the collection +belongs to the latter half of the seventeenth, and commencement of the +eighteenth century, most of the ballads being reprints of much older +copies.</p> + +<p>We are requested to remind such of our readers as are members of the +Archæological Institute that the Salisbury volume will be ready next +week.</p> + +<p>C<span class="smcap lowercase">ATALOGUES</span> R<span class="smcap lowercase">ECEIVED</span>.—J. Petheram's (94. High Holborn) Catalogue 127., +being 8. for 1851, of Old and New Books; J. Gray Bell's (17. Bedford +Street, Covent Garden) Catalogue Part 27. of Valuable and Interesting +Books, Manuscripts, Prints, Drawings, &c.; W. Pedder's (10. Holywell +Street) Catalogue Part 7. for 1851 of Ancient and Modern Books; B. +Quaritch's (16. Castle Street, Leicester Square) Catalogue No. 35. of +Books in European Languages, Dialects, Classics, &c.</p> + + + +<h3><span>BOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES<br /> +WANTED TO PURCHASE.</span></h3> + +<p class="indh">P<span class="smcap lowercase">OPE'S</span> L<span class="smcap lowercase">ITERARY</span> C<span class="smcap lowercase">ORRESPONDENCE</span>. Vol. III. Curll. 1735.</p> + +<p class="indh">A<span class="smcap lowercase">LMANACS</span>, any for the year 1752.</p> + +<p class="indh">M<span class="smcap lowercase">ATTHIAS</span>' O<span class="smcap lowercase">BSERVATIONS ON</span> G<span class="smcap lowercase">RAY</span>. 8vo. 1815.</p> + +<p class="indh">S<span class="smcap lowercase">HAKSPEARE</span>, J<span class="smcap lowercase">OHNSON, AND</span> S<span class="smcap lowercase">TEVENS, WITH</span> R<span class="smcap lowercase">EED'S</span> A<span class="smcap lowercase">DDITIONS</span>. 3rd Edition, +1785. Vol. V.</p> + +<p class="indh">S<span class="smcap lowercase">WIFT'S</span> W<span class="smcap lowercase">ORKS</span>, Faulkner's Edition. 8 Vols. 12mo. Dublin, 1747. Vol. III.</p> + +<p class="indh">S<span class="smcap lowercase">OUTHEY'S</span> P<span class="smcap lowercase">ENINSULAR</span> W<span class="smcap lowercase">AR</span>. Vols. V. VI. 8vo.</p> + +<p class="indh">J<span class="smcap lowercase">OURNAL OF THE</span> G<span class="smcap lowercase">EOLOGICAL</span> S<span class="smcap lowercase">OCIETY OF</span> D<span class="smcap lowercase">UBLIN</span>. Vol. I. Part I. (One or +more copies.)</p> + +<p class="indh">T<span class="smcap lowercase">HE</span> A<span class="smcap lowercase">NTIQUARY</span>. 8vo. Edinburgh, 1816. Vols. I. and II.</p> + +<p class="indh">H<span class="smcap lowercase">ISTORY AND</span> A<span class="smcap lowercase">NTIQUITIES OF</span> T<span class="smcap lowercase">WICKENHAM</span>, being the First Part of Parochial +Collections for the County of Middlesex, begun in 1780 by E. Ironside, +Esq., London, 1797. (This work forms 1 vol. of Miscell. Antiquities in +continuation of the Bib. Topographica, and is usually bound in the 10th +Volume.)</p> + +<p class="indh">R<span class="smcap lowercase">ITSON'S</span> R<span class="smcap lowercase">OBIN</span> H<span class="smcap lowercase">OOD</span>. 12mo. London, 1795. Vol. II. (10<i>s.</i> will be given +for a clean copy in <i>boards</i>, or 7<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i> for a clean copy <i>bound</i>.)</p> + +<p class="indh">D<span class="smcap lowercase">R</span>. J<span class="smcap lowercase">OHNSON'S</span> P<span class="smcap lowercase">RAYERS AND</span> M<span class="smcap lowercase">EDITATIONS</span>.</p> + +<p class="indh">A<span class="smcap lowercase">NNUAL</span> O<span class="smcap lowercase">BITUARY AND</span> B<span class="smcap lowercase">IOGRAPHY</span>. Vol. XXXI.</p> + +<p class="indh">T<span class="smcap lowercase">HEOPHILUS AND</span> P<span class="smcap lowercase">HILODOXUS</span>, or Several Conferences, &c., by Gilbert +Giles, D.D., Oxon, 1674; or the same work republished 1679, under the +title of a "Dialogue between a Protestant and a Papist."</p> + +<p class="indh">P<span class="smcap lowercase">ECK'S</span> C<span class="smcap lowercase">OMPLETE</span> C<span class="smcap lowercase">ATALOGUE OF + ALL THE</span> D<span class="smcap lowercase">ISCOURSES</span> W<span class="smcap lowercase">RITTEN BOTH FOR AND</span> +A<span class="smcap lowercase">GAINST</span> P<span class="smcap lowercase">APACY IN THE</span> T<span class="smcap lowercase">IME OF</span> K<span class="smcap lowercase">ING</span> J<span class="smcap lowercase">AMES II.</span> 1735. 4to.</p> + +<p class="indh6"> +<span class="topnum">*</span><span class="botnum">*</span><span class="topnum">*</span> Letters, stating particulars and lowest price, + <i>carriage free</i>, to be sent to M<span class="smcap lowercase">R</span>. +B<span class="smcap lowercase">ELL</span>, Publisher of +"N<span class="smcap lowercase">OTES AND</span> Q<span class="smcap lowercase">UERIES</span>," 186. Fleet Street.</p> + + + + +<h3><span class="bla">Notices to Correspondents.</span></h3> + +<p>A. B. R. <i>will find the passage he refers to</i>—</p> + +<div class="poem"> + + <p class="i3">"Spirits are not finely touch'd,</p> + <p> But to fine issues ——"</p> + +</div> + +<p class="noindent"><i>in the opening scene of</i> "Measure for Measure."</p> + +<p>N<span class="smcap lowercase">OVUS</span>. "The Three Treatises by Wickliffe," <i>edited by Dr. Todd, have not +actually been published as yet. Copies will, however, soon be on sale at +Messrs. Hamilton and Adams', Paternoster Row.</i></p> + +<p>E. A. D.'s <i>communication did not reach us in time to enable us to do as +he wished.</i></p> + +<p>T<span class="smcap lowercase">HEOPHYLACT</span> <i>will find the most important point in his letter treated in +our next Number. Would he in future oblige us by separating his various +communications?</i></p> + +<p>ת א <i>is thanked for his very kind letter, which we have +availed ourselves of his permission to forward.</i></p> + +<p>D<span class="smcap lowercase">AN</span>. S<span class="smcap lowercase">TONE</span>, E<span class="smcap lowercase">SQUIRE'S</span> "Anagrams" <i>reached us at too late a period for +insertion in the present Number.</i></p> + +<p>R<span class="smcap lowercase">EPLIES</span> R<span class="smcap lowercase">ECEIVED</span>.—<i>Ash Sap—Anagrams—Marriage of +Ecclesiastics—Horology—Bourchier Family—Pauper's Badge—Carling +Sunday—Three Estates of the Realm—Posie of other Men's Flowers—Sacro +sancta Regum Majestas—The Soul's Errand—Middleton's Epigrams—Man is +born to Trouble—Cockney—Flemings in Pembrokeshire—Image of both +Churches, &c.—Crowns have their Compass—Aneroid Barometer—Eyre +Family—Baxtorf's Translation of Levita—Wylecop—Equestrian Figure of +Elizabeth—Nao for Ship—Medical Use of Pigeons, and others which are in +type.</i></p> + +<p><i>Copies of our Prospectus, according to the suggestion of</i> T. E. H., +<i>will be forwarded to any correspondent willing to assist us by +circulating them.</i></p> + +<p>V<span class="smcap lowercase">OLS</span>. I., II., <i>and</i> III., <i>with very copious Indices, may still be had, +prices 9s. 6d. each, neatly bound in cloth.</i></p> + +<p>N<span class="smcap lowercase">OTES AND</span> Q<span class="smcap lowercase">UERIES</span> <i>is published at noon on Friday, so that our country +Subscribers may receive it on Saturday. The subscription for the Stamped +Edition is 10s. 2d. for Six Months, which may be paid by Post-office +Order drawn in favour of our Publisher,</i> M<span class="smcap lowercase">R</span>. G<span class="smcap lowercase">EORGE</span> B<span class="smcap lowercase">ELL</span>. 186. Fleet +Street; <i>to whose care all communications for the Editor should be +addressed.</i></p> + + + + + + + +<div class="boxad"> +<p class="noindent cap">LONDON LIBRARY, 12. St. James's Square.—Patron—His Royal Highness +Prince ALBERT.</p> + +<p>This Institution now offers to its members a collection of 60,000 +volumes, to which additions are constantly making, both in English and +foreign literature. A reading room is also open for the use of the +members, supplied with the best English and foreign periodicals.</p> + +<p>Terms of admission—entrance fee, 6<i>l.</i>; annual subscription, 2<i>l.</i>; or +entrance fee and life subscription, 26<i>l.</i></p> + + + <p class="i5">By order of the Committee.</p> + <p> September, 1851. </p> + <p class="i5"> J. G. COCHRANE, Secretary and Librarian.</p> + +</div> + + +<div class="boxad"> +<p class="noindent cap">LONDON SACRED MUSIC WAREHOUSE, Chief Establishment, 69. Dean Street, +Soho Square; City Depot, 24. Poultry.</p> + +<p>Office of the "MUSICAL TIMES," published on the 1st of every Month.</p> + +<p>Office of the "GLEE-HIVE," published every Week.</p> + +<p class="indh6"> +<span class="topnum">*</span><span class="botnum">*</span><span class="topnum">*</span> It is requested that Post-office Orders be made payable to +JOSEPH ALFRED NOVELLO, at the Charing Cross Office.</p> + +</div> + + + +<div class="boxad"> +<p class="center">ALMANACKS FOR 1852.</p> + +<p class="noindent cap">WHITAKER'S CLERGYMAN'S DIARY, for 1852, will contain a Diary, with Table +of Lessons, Collects, &c., and full directions for Public Worship for +every day in the year, with blank spaces for Memoranda: A List of all +the Bishops and other Dignitaries of the Church, arranged under the +order of their respective Dioceses; Bishops of the Scottish and American +Churches; and particulars respecting the Roman Catholic and Greek +Churches; together with Statistics of the various Religious Sects in +England; Particulars of the Societies connected with the Church; of the +Universities, &c. Members of both Houses of Convocation, of both Houses +of Parliament, the Government, Courts of Law, &c. With Instructions to +Candidates for Holy Orders; and a variety of information useful to all +Clergymen, price in cloth 3<i>s.</i>, or 5<i>s.</i> as a pocket-book with tuck.</p> + +<p>THE FAMILY ALMANACK AND EDUCATIONAL REGISTER for 1852 will contain, in +addition to the more than usual contents of an Almanack for Family Use, +a list of the Universities of the United Kingdom, with the Heads of +Houses, Professors, &c. A list of the various Colleges connected with +the Church of England, Roman Catholics, and various Dissenting bodies. +Together with a complete List of all the Foundation and Grammar Schools, +with an Account of the Scholarships and Exhibitions attached to them; to +which is added an Appendix, containing an Account of the Committee of +Council on Education, and of the various Training Institutions for +Teachers; compiled from original sources.</p> + +<p>WHITAKER'S PENNY ALMANACK FOR CHURCHMEN. Containing thirty-six pages of +Useful Information, including a Table of the Lessons; Lists of both +Houses of Parliament, &c. &c., stitched in a neat wrapper.</p> + +<p class="center">JOHN HENRY PARKER, Oxford and London.</p> + +</div> + + +<div class="boxad"> + +<p class="center">Now ready, Price 25<i>s.</i>, Second Edition, revised and corrected. +Dedicated by Special Permission to</p> + +<p class="center">THE (LATE) ARCHBISHOP OF CANTERBURY.</p> + +<p class="noindent cap">PSALMS AND HYMNS FOR THE SERVICE OF THE CHURCH. The words selected by +the Very Rev. H. H. MILMAN, D.D., Dean of St. Paul's. The Music arranged +for Four Voices, but applicable also to Two or One, including Chants for +the Services, Responses to the commandments, and a Concise +SYSTEM OF CHANTING, by J. B. SALE, Musical Instructor and Organist to Her Majesty. +4to., neat, in morocco cloth, price 25<i>s.</i> To be had of Mr. J. B. SALE, +21. Holywell Street, Millbank, Westminster, on the receipt of a Post +Office Order for that amount: and by order, of the principal Booksellers +and Music Warehouses.</p> + +<p class="blockquot">"A great advance on the works we have hitherto had, connected with our +Church and Cathedral Service."—<i>Times.</i></p> + +<p class="blockquot">"A collection of Psalm Tunes certainly unequalled in this +country."—<i>Literary Gazette.</i></p> + +<p class="blockquot">"One of the best collections of tunes which we have yet seen. Well +merits the distinguished patronage under which it appears."—<i>Musical +World.</i></p> + +<p class="blockquot">"A collection of Psalms and Hymns, together with a system of Chanting of +a very superior character to any which has hitherto appeared."—<i>John +Bull.</i></p> + +<p class="center">London: GEORGE BELL, 186. Fleet Street.</p> + +<p class="center1">Also, lately published,</p> + +<p>J. B. SALE'S SANCTUS, COMMANDMENTS and CHANTS as performed at the Chapel +Royal St. James, price 2<i>s.</i></p> + +<p class="center">C. LONSDALE, 26. Old Bond Street.</p> + +</div> + + +<div class="boxad"> + +<p class="center">Now ready, royal 4to., half bound, 38 Plates, 1<i>l.</i> 11<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i>, +Coloured 2<i>l.</i> 2<i>s.</i>,</p> + +<p class="noindent cap">ANTIQUARIAN GLEANINGS IN THE NORTH OF ENGLAND; being examples of Antique +Furniture Plate, Church Decorations, Objects of Historical Interest, &c. +Drawn and Etched by WILLIAM B. SCOTT, Government School of Design, +Newcastle, containing—Antiquities in Jarrow Church—Swords of Cromwell, +Lambert, Fairfax, &c.—Norman Wall paintings—Antiquities in York +Minster—Rosary of Mary Queen of Scots—Antiquities at Hexham—Stained +Glass, &c. in Wetheral Church—Figures of the Apostles in Carlisle +Cathedral—Drinking Vessels, Carvings, &c.</p> + +<p class="blockquot">"A collection of Antiquarian Relics, chiefly in the decorative branch of +art, preserved in the Northern Counties, portrayed by a very competent +hand. Many of the objects possess considerable interest; such as the +chair of the Venerable Bede, Cromwell's sword and watch, and the +grace-cup of Thomas à Becket. All are drawn with that distinctness which +makes them available for the antiquarian, for the artist who is studying +costume, and for the study of decorative art."—<i>Spectator.</i></p> + +<p class="center">Parts 3 and 4 may be had to complete Sets; price together, 10<i>s.</i> Plain, +15<i>s.</i> Coloured.</p> + +<p class="center">London: GEORGE BELL, 186. Fleet Street.</p> + +</div> + + +<div class="boxad"> + +<p class="center">SPECIAL NOTICE TO INTENDING ASSURERS.</p> + +<p class="noindent cap">INTENDING Life Assurers are respectfully invited to compare the +principles, rates, and whole provisions of the</p> + +<p class="center">SCOTTISH PROVIDENT INSTITUTION</p> + +<p>with those of any existing company.</p> + +<p>In this Society the whole profits are divisible among the +policy-holders, who are at the same time exempt from personal liability. +It claims superiority, however, over other mutual offices in the +following particulars.</p> + +<p>1. Premiums at early and middle ages about a fourth lower. See specimens +below.(*)</p> + +<p>2. A more accurate adjustment of the rates of premium to the several +ages.</p> + +<p>3. A principle in the division of the surplus more safe, equitable, and +favourable to good lives.</p> + +<p>4. Exemption from entry money.</p> + +<p>(*) Annual Premiums for 100<i>l.</i>, with Whole Profits.</p> + + +<table summary="SCOTTISH PROVIDENT Annual Premiums"> +<tr><td class="left"></td><td class="left">Age</td></tr> +<tr><td class="left"></td><td class="left">20</td><td class="left">£1</td><td class="left">15</td><td class="left"> 8</td></tr> +<tr><td class="left"></td><td class="left">25</td><td class="left">£1</td><td class="left">18</td><td class="left"> 0</td></tr> +<tr><td class="left"></td><td class="left">30</td><td class="left">£2</td><td class="left"> 1</td><td class="left"> 6</td></tr> +<tr><td class="left"></td><td class="left">35</td><td class="left">£2</td><td class="left"> > 6</td><td class="left">10</td></tr> +<tr><td class="left"></td><td class="left">40</td><td class="left">£2</td><td class="left">14</td><td class="left"> 9</td></tr> +<tr><td class="left"></td><td class="left">45</td><td class="left">£3</td><td class="left"> 4</td><td class="left"> 9</td></tr> +<tr><td class="left"></td><td class="left">50</td><td class="left">£4</td><td class="left"> 1</td><td class="left"> 7</td></tr> +<tr><td class="left"></td><td class="left">55</td><td class="left">£5</td><td class="left"> 1</td><td class="left">11</td></tr> +</table> + + + +<p>(*) Annual Premiums for 100<i>l.</i>, with Whole Profits, payable for 21 +years only.</p> + +<table summary="SCOTTISH PROVIDENT Annual Premiums, for 21 years only"> +<tr><td class="left"></td><td class="left">Age</td></tr> +<tr><td class="left"></td><td class="left">20</td><td class="left"> </td><td class="left"> </td><td class="left">10</td></tr> +<tr><td class="left"></td><td class="left">25</td><td class="left">£2</td><td class="left">10</td><td class="left"> 8</td></tr> +<tr><td class="left"></td><td class="left">30</td><td class="left">£2</td><td class="left">14</td><td class="left"> 6</td></tr> +<tr><td class="left"></td><td class="left">35</td><td class="left">£2</td><td class="left">19</td><td class="left"> 8</td></tr> +<tr><td class="left"></td><td class="left">40</td><td class="left">£3</td><td class="left"> 6</td><td class="left"> 4</td></tr> +<tr><td class="left"></td><td class="left">45</td><td class="left">£3</td><td class="left">14</td><td class="left"> 9</td></tr> +<tr><td class="left"></td><td class="left">50</td><td class="left">£4</td><td class="left"> 7</td><td class="left"> 2</td></tr> +</table> + +<p>All policies indisputable unless obtained by fraud.</p> + +<p>Forms of proposal, prospectus containing full tables, copies of the +Twelfth Annual Report, and every information, will be forwarded (gratis) +on application at the London Office, 12. Moorgate Street.</p> + + <p class="i9">GEORGE GRANT, Agent for London.</p> + +</div> + + +<div class="boxad"> + +<p class="center">Vols. I. and II. now ready.</p> + +<p class="center">Elegantly bound in ultramarine cloth, gilt edges, price 6<i>s.</i> each.</p> + +<p class="noindent cap">GIRLHOOD OF SHAKSPEARE'S HEROINES.</p> + +<p>A Series of Fifteen Tales. By MARY COWDEN CLARKE. Periodically, in One +Shilling Books, each containing a complete Story.</p> + +<p class="center1">Vol. I. Price 6<i>s.</i></p> + + + <p class="indh"> Tale I. PORTIA: THE HEIRESS OF BELMONT.</p> + <p class="indh">Tale II. THE THANE'S DAUGHTER.</p> + <p class="indh">Tale III. HELENA: THE PHYSICIAN'S ORPHAN.</p> + <p class="indh">Tale IV. DESDEMONA: THE MAGNIFICO'S CHILD.</p> + <p class="indh"> Tale V. MEG AND ALICE: THE MERRY MAIDS OF WINDSOR.</p> + + +<p class="center1">Vol. II. Price 6<i>s.</i></p> + + + <p class="indh">Tale VI. ISABELLA: THE VOTARESS.</p> + <p class="indh"> Tale VII. KATHARINA AND BIANCA: THE SHREW, AND THE DEMURE.</p> + <p class="indh">Tale VIII. OPHELIA: THE ROSE OF ELSINORE.</p> + <p class="indh">Tale IX. ROSALIND AND CELIA: THE FRIENDS.</p> + <p class="indh">Tale X. JULIET: THE WHITE DOVE OF VERONA.</p> + + +<p class="center1">Vol. III. (In progress.)</p> + + + <p class="indh"> Tale XI. BEATRICE AND HERO: THE COUSINS.</p> + <p class="indh"> Tale XII. OLIVIA: THE LADY OF ILLYRIA.</p> + + +<p class="center1">SMITH & CO., 136. Strand; and SIMPKIN & CO., Stationers' Hall Court.</p> + +</div> + + +<div class="boxad"> + +<p class="center">NEW PUBLICATIONS.</p> + +<p class="center">Just published, post 8vo. cloth, 10<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i></p> + +<p class="blockquot cap">THE LIFE OF JOHN STERLING. By<br/> + THOMAS CARLYLE.</p> + +<p class="blockquot">"Will be likely to find an eager and a gratified audience."—<i>Athenæum.</i></p> + + + +<p class="center1">In a few days, in 1 vol. fcap. cloth,</p> + +<p>OUTLINES OF THE HISTORY OF THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE. With Illustrative +Specimens. For the Use of Colleges and Schools. By GEORGE L. CRAIK, +Professor of History and of English Literature in Queen's College, +Belfast.</p> + +<p class="center">London: CHAPMAN & HALL, 193. Piccadilly.</p> + +</div> + + +<div class="boxad"> +<p class="noindent cap">ANGLO-SAXON BOOKS CHEAP.—Bosworth's Dictionary, first edition, with the +Preface, 1838, royal 8vo. cloth, 38<i>s.</i>—The same, 2nd edition, 8vo. +1849, cloth, 10<i>s.</i>—Ettmülleri Lexicon Anglo-Saxonicum, 8vo. 840 pp. +ed. 1851, 12<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i>—Thorpe, Analecta Anglo-Saxonica, a Selection in +Prose and Verse, with a Glossary, 8vo. 2nd edition. 1846, cloth, +7<i>s.</i>—Richthofen's Alt-Friesisches Wörterbuch, stout 4to. Goett. 1840, +sd. 6<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i></p> + +<p class="center">Catalogues of Rare and Cheap Books in all the Dialects of Europe GRATIS.</p> + +<p class="center">BERNARD QUARITCH, Foreign Second-hand Bookseller, 16. Castle Street, +Leicester Square.</p> +</div> + + + + +<div class="boxad"> + +<p class="noindent cap">PROVIDENT LIFE OFFICE, 50. REGENT STREET. </p> + +<p class="blockquot">CITY BRANCH: 2. ROYAL EXCHANGE BUILDINGS.</p> + +<p class="center">Established 1806.</p> + +<p class="center"> Policy Holders' Capital, 1,192,818<i>l.</i></p> + +<p class="center"> Annual Income, 150,000<i>l.</i>—Bonuses Declared, 743,000<i>l.</i></p> + +<p class="center"> Claims paid since the Establishment of the Office, 2,001,450<i>l.</i></p> + +<p class="center"><i>President.</i></p> +<p class="center"> The Right Honourable EARL GREY.</p> + +<p class="center"> <i>Directors.</i></p> +<div class="box"> + <p>The Rev. James Sherman, <i>Chairman</i>.</p> + <p> Henry Blencowe Churchill, Esq., <i>Deputy-Chairman</i>.</p> + + <p> Henry B. Alexander, Esq.</p> + <p> George Dacre, Esq.</p> + <p> William Judd, Esq.</p> + <p> Sir Richard D. King, Bart.</p> + <p> The Hon. Arthur Kinnaird</p> + + <p> Thomas Maugham, Esq.</p> + <p>William Ostler, Esq.</p> + <p>Apsley Pellatt, Esq.</p> + <p>George Round, Esq.</p> + <p> Frederick Squire, Esq.</p> + + <p>William Henry Stone, Esq.</p> + <p> Capt. William John Williams.</p> +</div> + +<p class="center"> J. A. Beaumont, Esq., <i>Managing Director</i>.</p> + +<p class="center"><i>Physician</i>—John Maclean, M.D. F.S.S., 29. Upper Montague Street, +Montague Square.</p> + +<p class="center1">NINETEEN-TWENTIETHS OF THE PROFITS ARE DIVIDED AMONG THE INSURED.</p> + +<div class="box"> + + +<p class="center1"> Examples of the Extinction of Premiums by the Surrender of Bonuses.</p> + + <p class="center1"> Date of Policy. 1806</p> + <p> Sum Insured. £2500</p> + + <p>Original Premium. £79 10 10 Extinguished</p> + <p class="indh"> Bonuses added subsequently,<br /> + to be further interested annually. £1222 2 0</p> + + <p class="center1">Date of Policy. 1811</p> + + <p> Sum Insured. £1000</p> + <p>Original Premium. £33 19 2 Ditto [Extinguished]</p> + <p class="indh"> Bonuses added subsequently,<br /> + to be further interested annually. £231 17 8</p> + + <p class="center1"> Date of Policy. 1818</p> + <p> Sum Insured. £1000</p> + <p> Original Premium. £34 16 10 Ditto [Extinguished]</p> + <p class="indh">Bonuses added subsequently,<br /> + + to be further interested annually. £114 18 10</p> + +<p class="center1"> Examples of Bonuses added to other Policies.</p> + +<p class="center1"> Policy No. 521</p> + <p>Date. 1807</p> + <p> Sum Insured. £900</p> + + <p> Bonus added. £982 12 1</p> + <p class="indh"> Total with Additions to be further increased. £1882 12 1</p> + + <p class="center1">Policy No. 1174</p> + <p>Date. 1810</p> + + <p>Sum Insured. £1200</p> + <p>Bonus added. £1160 5 6</p> + <p class="indh">Total with Additions to be further increased. £2360 5 6</p> + +<p class="center1">Policy No. 3392</p> + <p>Date. 1820</p> + + <p>Sum Insured. £5000</p> + <p>Bonus added. £3558 17 8</p> + <p class="indh">Total with Additions to be further increased. £8558 17 8</p> + +</div> + +<p>Prospectuses and full particulars may be obtained upon application to +the Agents of the Office, in all the principal Towns of the United +Kingdom, at the City Branch, and at the Head Office, No. 50. Regent +Street.</p> + +</div> + + + +<div class="boxad"> + +<p class="noindent cap">WESTERN LIFE ASSURANCE AND<br /> + ANNUITY SOCIETY,</p> + +<p class="center">3. PARLIAMENT STREET, LONDON.</p> + +<p class="center">FOUNDED A.D. 1842.</p> + +<div class="box"><p> + + <i>Directors.</i></p> + + <p class="noindent">H. Edgeworth Bicknell, Esq.</p> + <p class="noindent">William Cabell, Esq.</p> + <p class="noindent">T. Somers Cocks, Jun. Esq. M.P.</p> + <p class="noindent">G. Henry Drew, Esq.</p> + + <p class="noindent">William Evans, Esq.</p> + <p class="noindent">William Freeman, Esq.</p> + <p class="noindent">F. Fuller, Esq.</p> + <p class="noindent">J. Henry Goodhart, Esq.</p> + <p class="noindent">T. Grissell, Esq.</p> + <p class="noindent">James Hunt, Esq.</p> + + <p class="noindent">J. Arscott Lethbridge, Esq.</p> + <p class="noindent">E. Lucas, Esq.</p> + <p class="noindent">James Lys Seager, Esq.</p> + <p class="noindent">J. Basley White, Esq.</p> + <p class="noindent">Joseph Carter Wood, Esq.</p> + +</div> + +<div class="box"> + + <p> <i>Trustees.</i></p> + + <p class="noindent"> W. Whately, Esq., Q.C.</p> + <p class="noindent"> L. C. Humfrey, Esq., Q.C.</p> + <p class="noindent"> George Drew, Esq.</p> + +</div> + +<div class="box"> + + <p class="noindent"><i>Consulting Counsel.</i>—Sir William P. Wood, M.P., Solicitor-General.</p> + + <p class="noindent"><i>Physician.</i>—William Rich. Basham, M.D.</p> + + <p class="noindent"><i>Bankers.</i>—Messrs. Cocks, Biddulph, and Co., Charing Cross.</p> + +</div> + +<p class="center1">VALUABLE PRIVILEGE.</p> + +<p>POLICIES effected in this Office do not become void through temporary +difficulty in paying a Premium, as permission is given upon application +to suspend the payment at interest, according to the conditions detailed +in the Prospectus.</p> + + +<div class="box"> + +<p class="noindent">Specimens of Rates of Premium for Assuring 100<i>l.</i>, with a Share in + three-fourths of the Profits:—</p> + +<p>Age £ <i>s.</i> <i>d.</i></p> +<p>17 1 14 4</p> +<p>22 1 18 8</p> +<p>27 2 4 5</p> + +<p>32 2 10 8</p> +<p>37 2 18 6</p> +<p>42 3 8 2</p> + + <p class="center" > ARTHUR SCRATCHLEY, M.A., F.R.A.S., Actuary.</p> + +</div> + +<p>Now ready, price 10<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i>, Second Edition, with material additions, +INDUSTRIAL INVESTMENT and EMIGRATION; being a TREATISE on BENEFIT +BUILDING SOCIETIES, and on the General Principles of Land Investment, +exemplified in the Cases of Freehold Land Societies, Building Companies, +&c. With a Mathematical Appendix on Compound Interest and Life +Assurance. By ARTHUR SCRATCHLEY, M.A., Actuary to the Western Life +Assurance Society, 3. Parliament Street, London.</p> + +</div> + + + + + +<div class="boxad"> +<p class="noindent cap">MESSRS. PUTTICK AND SIMPSON beg to announce that their season for SALES +of LITERARY PROPERTY will COMMENCE on NOVEMBER 1st, and would call +attention to the ensuing List of Sales in preparation by them. In +addressing Executors and others entrusted with the disposal of +Libraries, and collections (however limited or extensive) of +Manuscripts, Autographs, Prints, Pictures, Music, Musical Instruments, +Objects of Art and Virtu, and Works connected with Literature, and the +Arts generally, would suggest a Sale by Auction as the readiest and +surest method of obtaining their full value; and conceive that the +central situation of their premises (near St. James's Church), their +extensive connexion of more than half a century's standing, and their +prompt settlement of the sale accounts in cash, are advantages that will +not be unappreciated. Messrs. P. & S. will also receive small Parcels of +Books or other Literary Property, and insert them in occasional Sales +with property of a kindred description, thus giving the same advantages +to the possessor of a few Lots as to the owner of a large Collection.</p> + +<p class="indh6"> +<span class="topnum">*</span><span class="botnum">*</span><span class="topnum">*</span> Libraries Catalogued, Arranged, and Valued for the Probate +or Legacy Duty, or for Public or Private Sale.</p> + +<p>On Saturday, Nov. 1, a large Collection of VALUABLE BOOKS, removed from +the Country, including many curious and rare Works, and a good selection +of Modern Literature. Six days' sale.</p> + +<p>On Wednesday, Nov. 12, EFFECTS of the late STANESBY ALCHORNE, Esq., of +the Tower, including his Numismatic Library, very important MSS. +relating to Mint Affairs, Royal and other Autographs (30 of Sir Isaac +Newton), the celebrated Hydrostatic Balance made for the adjustment of +the Standard in 1758, a most important series of weights, including the +original and unique Troy Pound, the Collection of Coins and Medals in +gold and silver, in the finest condition, many patterns and proofs, and +a well-known and very important picture by Murillo.</p> + +<p>On Saturday, Nov. 15, a very extensive and important Collection of +MANUSCRIPTS, CHARTERS, DEEDS, and other DOCUMENTS, chiefly relating to +English County and Family History.</p> + +<p>On Monday, Nov. 17, the LIBRARY of the late RICHARD JONES, Esq., removed +from his residence, Chapel Street, Belgrave Square, including an +excellent Collection of Dramatic and General Literature. Four days' +sale.</p> + +<p>A Selection of CURIOUS BOOKS and MANUSCRIPTS of an eminent Collector, +deceased. Two days' sale.</p> + +<p>A Collection of AUTOGRAPH LETTERS and Documents of considerable +interest, the property of a well-known Collector relinquishing that part +of his Collection.</p> + +<p>The concluding portion of the Collection of AUTOGRAPH LETTERS of Mons. +A. DONNADIEU, comprising, mainly, the period of the first French +Revolution. Three days' sale.</p> + +<p>The MUSICAL COLLECTIONS of a Gentleman recently deceased, including some +engraved plates of Copyright Works, Musical Instruments, &c.</p> + +<p>The very important and extensive LIBRARY of the COUNT MONDIDIER, +recently imported, especially rich in Foreign Literature, and comprising +an extraordinary Collection of Books relating to America, Voyages, +Travels, and Itineraries, including some of the rarest Works in these +classics, and many which have been hitherto unknown to Bibliographers. +Ten days' sale.</p> + +<p class="indh6"> +<span class="topnum">*</span><span class="botnum">*</span><span class="topnum">*</span> Catalogues of any of the before named Collections will be +sent on application to the Auctioneers, 191. Piccadilly.</p> + +</div> + + +<div class="boxad"> + +<p class="center">Price 2<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i>; by Post 3<i>s.</i></p> + +<p class="noindent cap">ILLUSTRATION AND ENQUIRIES RELATING TO MESMERISM. Part I. By the Rev. S. +R. MAITLAND, D.D., F.R.S., F.S.A. Sometime Librarian to the late +Archbishop of Canterbury, and Keeper of the MSS. at Lambeth.</p> + +<p class="blockquot">"One of the most valuable and interesting pamphlets we ever +read."—<i>Morning Herald.</i></p> + +<p class="blockquot">"This publication, which promises to be the commencement of a larger +work, will well repay serious perusal."—<i>Ir. Eccl. Journ.</i></p> + +<p class="blockquot">"A small pamphlet in which he throws a startling light on the practices +of modern Mesmerism."—<i>Nottingham Journal.</i></p> + +<p class="blockquot">"Dr. Maitland, we consider, has here brought Mesmerism to the +'touchstone of truth,' to the test of the standard of right or wrong. We +thank him for this first instalment of his inquiry, and hope that he +will not long delay the remaining portions."—<i>London Medical Gazette.</i></p> + +<p class="blockquot">"The Enquiries are extremely curious, we should indeed say important. +That relating to the Witch of Endor is one of the most successful we +ever read. We cannot enter into particulars in this brief notice; but we +would strongly recommend the pamphlet even to those who care nothing +about Mesmerism, or <i>angry</i> (for it has come to this at last) with the +subject."—<i>Dublin Evening Post.</i></p> + +<p class="blockquot">"We recommend its general perusal as being really an endeavour, by one +whose position gives him the best facilities, to ascertain the genuine +character of Mesmerism, which is so much disputed."—<i>Woolmer's Exeter +Gazette.</i></p> + +<p class="blockquot">"Dr. Maitland has bestowed a vast deal of attention on the subject for +many years past, and the present pamphlet is in part the result of his +thoughts and inquiries. There is a good deal in it which we should have +been glad to quote ... but we content ourselves with referring our +readers to the pamphlet itself."—<i>Brit. Mag.</i></p> + +<p class="center">PIPER, BROTHERS, & CO., 23. Paternoster Row.</p> + +</div> + + +<div class="boxad"> + +<p class="center larger">BOOKS PUBLISHED BY</p> + +<p class="center2">JOHN RUSSELL SMITH,</p> + +<p class="center">4. OLD COMPTON STREET, SOHO SQUARE, LONDON.</p> + +<p>A DELECTUS IN ANGLO-SAXON, intended as a First Class-book in the +Language. By the Rev. W. BARNES, of St. John's College, Cambridge, +author of the Poems and Glossary in the Dorset dialect. 12mo. cloth, +2<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i></p> + +<p class="blockquot">"To those who wish to possess a critical knowledge of their own native +English, some acquaintance with Anglo-Saxon is indispensable; and we +have never seen an introduction better calculated than the present to +supply the wants of a beginner in a short space of time. The declensions +and conjugations are well stated, and illustrated by references to the +Greek, Latin, French, and other languages. A philosophical spirit +pervades every part. The Delectus consists of short pieces on various +subjects, with extracts from Anglo-Saxon History and the Saxon +Chronicle. There is a good Glossary at the end."—<i>Athenæum, Oct. 20, +1849.</i></p> + +<p>GUIDE TO THE ANGLO-SAXON TONGUE, with Lessons in Verse and Prose, for +the Use of Learners. By E. J. VERNON, B.A., Oxon. 12mo. cloth, 5<i>s.</i> +6<i>d.</i></p> + +<p class="indh"> +<span class="topnum">*</span><span class="botnum">*</span><span class="topnum">*</span> This will be found useful as a Second Class-book, or to +those well versed in other languages.</p> + +<p>BOSWORTH'S (REV. DR.) COMPENDIOUS ANGLO-SAXON AND ENGLISH DICTIONARY. +8vo. closely printed in treble columns, cloth, 12<i>s.</i></p> + +<p class="blockquot">"This is not a mere abridgment of the large Dictionary, but almost an +entirely new work. In this compendious one will be found, at a very +moderate price, all that is most practical and valuable in the former +expensive edition, with a great accession of new words and +matter."—<i>Author's Preface.</i></p> + +<p>ANALECTA ANGLO-SAXONICA. Selections in Prose and Verse from Anglo-Saxon +Literature, with an Introductory Ethnological Essay, and Notes, critical +and explanatory. By LOUIS F. KLIPSTEIN, of the University of Giessen, 2 +thick vols. post 8vo. cloth, 12<i>s.</i> (original price 18<i>s.</i>)</p> + +<p>CONSUETUDINES KANCIÆ. A History of GAVELKIND, and other remarkable +Customs in the County of KENT, by CHARLES SANDYS, Esq., F.S.A. +(Cantianus), illustrated with fac-similes, a very handsome volume, 8vo. +cloth, 15<i>s.</i></p> + +<p>FACTS AND SPECULATIONS ON THE ORIGIN AND HISTORY OF PLAYING CARDS. By W. +A. CHATTO, Author of "Jackson's History of Wood Engraving," in one +handsome vol. 8vo. illustrated with many Engravings, both plain and +coloured, cloth, 1<i>l.</i> 1<i>s.</i></p> + +<p class="blockquot">"It is exceedingly amusing."—<i>Atlas.</i></p> + +<p class="blockquot">"A curious, entertaining, and really learned book."—<i>Rambler.</i></p> + +<p class="blockquot">"Indeed the entire production deserves our warmest +approbation."—<i>Literary Gazette.</i></p> + +<p class="blockquot">"A perfect fund of Antiquarian research, and most interesting even to +persons who never play at cards."—<i>Tait's Mag.</i></p> + +<p>A DICTIONARY OF ARCHAIC AND PROVINCIAL WORDS, Obsolete Phrases, +Proverbs, and Ancient Customs, from the reign of Edward I. By JAMES +ORCHARD HALLIWELL, F.R.S., F.S.A., &c. 2 vols. 8vo. containing upwards +of 1,000 pages, closely printed in double columns, cloth 1<i>l.</i> 1<i>s.</i></p> + +<p>It contains above 50,000 Words (embodying all the known scattered +Glossaries of the English language), forming a complete key to the +reading of the works of our old Poets, Dramatists, Theologians, and +other authors, whose works abound with allusions, of which explanations +are not to be found in ordinary Dictionaries and books of reference. +Most of the principal Archaisms are illustrated by examples selected +from early inedited MSS. and rare books, and by far the greater portion +will be found to be original authorities.</p> + +<p>BRUCE'S (REV. J. C.) HISTORICAL AND TOPOGRAPHICAL ACCOUNT OF THE ROMAN +WALL FROM THE TYNE TO THE SOLWAY. Thick 8vo. 35 plates and 194 woodcuts, +half morocco, 1<i>l.</i> 1<i>s.</i></p> + +<p>GUIDE TO ARCHÆOLOGY. An Archæological Index to Remains of Antiquity of +the Celtic, Romano-British, and Anglo-Saxon periods. By JOHN YONGE +AKERMAN, fellow and secretary to the Society of Antiquaries. 1 vol. 8vo. +illustrated with numerous engravings, comprising upwards of 500 objects, +cloth, 15<i>s.</i></p> + +<p class="blockquot">"One of the first wants of an incipient antiquary is the facility of +comparison, and here it is furnished him at one glance. The plates, +indeed, form the most valuable part of the book, both by their number +and the judicious selection of types and examples which they contain. It +is a book which we can, on this account, safely and warmly recommend to +all who are interested in the antiquities of their native +land."—<i>Literary Gazette.</i></p> + +<p class="blockquot">"A book of such utility—so concise, so clear, so well condensed from +such varied and voluminous sources—cannot fail to be generally +acceptable."—<i>Art Union.</i></p> + +<p>COINS. An Introduction to the Study of Ancient and Modern Coins. By J. +Y. AKERMAN. Fcp. 8vo. with numerous wood engravings, from the original +coins, 6<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i></p> + +<p>COINS OF THE ROMANS RELATING TO BRITAIN, described and illustrated. By +J. Y. AKERMAN, F.S.A. Second edition, 8vo. greatly enlarged with plates +and woodcuts, 10<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i> cloth.</p> + +<p>SMITH'S (C. ROACH) ANTIQUITIES OF RICHBOROUGH, RECULVER, AND LYMNE, IN +KENT. Small 4to. many plates, cloth, 1<i>l.</i> 1<i>s.</i></p> + +<p>A LITTLE BOOK OF SONGS AND BALLADS, gathered from Ancient Musick Books, +MS. and Printed. By E. F. RIMBAULT, LL.D., &c. Post 8vo. pp. 240, +half-bound in morocco, 6<i>s.</i></p> + +<div class="poem"> + + <p>—— Antique Ballads, sung to crowds of old,</p> + <p>Now cheaply bought for thrice their weight in gold.</p> + +</div> + +<p>BIBLIOTHECA MADRIGALIANA; a Bibliographical Account of the Music and +Poetical Works published in England in the Sixteenth and Seventeenth +Centuries, under the Titles of Madrigals, Ballets, Ayres, Canzonets, &c. +By DR. RIMBAULT. 8vo. cloth, 5<i>s.</i></p> + +<p>HERALDS' VISITATIONS. An Index to all the Pedigrees and Arms in the +Heraldic Visitations and other Genealogical MSS. in the British Museum. +By G. SIMS, of the Manuscript Department. 8vo. closely printed in double +columns, cloth, 15<i>s.</i></p> + +<p><span class="topnum">*</span><span class="botnum">*</span><span class="topnum">*</span> An indispensable book to those engaged in genealogical or +topographical pursuits, affording a ready clue to the pedigrees and arms +of above 30,000 of the gentry of England, their residences, &c. +(distinguishing the different families of the same name, in every +county), as recorded by the Heralds in their Visitations, with Indexes +to other genealogical MSS. in the British Museum. It has been the work +of immense labour. No public library ought to be without it.</p> + +<p>THE NURSERY RHYMES OF ENGLAND, collected chiefly from oral tradition. +Edited by J. O. HALLIWELL. Fourth edition, 12mo. with 38 Designs by W. +B. Scott. 4<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i> cloth.</p> + +<p>POPULAR RHYMES AND NURSERY TALES, with Historical Elucidations; a Sequel +to "The Nursery Rhymes of England." Edited by J. O. HALLIWELL. Royal +18mo. 4<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i></p> + +<p>HOLBEIN'S DANCE OF DEATH, with an Historical and Literary Introduction +by an Antiquary. Square post 8vo. with 54 Engravings, being the most +accurate copies ever executed of these gems of Art, and a Frontispiece +of an Ancient Bedstead at Aix-la-Chapelle, with a Dance of Death carved +on it, engraved by Fairholt, cloth, 9<i>s.</i></p> + +<p class="blockquot">"The designs are executed with a spirit and fidelity quite +extraordinary. They are indeed most truthful."—<i>Athenæum.</i></p> + +</div> + + + + +<p class="indh">Printed by T<span class="smcap lowercase">HOMAS</span> C<span class="smcap lowercase">LARK</span> S<span class="smcap lowercase">HAW</span>, of No. 8. New Street Square, at No. + 5. New Street Square, in the Parish of St. Bride in the City of + London; and published by G<span class="smcap lowercase">EORGE</span> B<span class="smcap lowercase">ELL</span>, of No. 186. Fleet Street, in + the Parish of St. Dunstan in the West, in the City of London, + Publisher, at No. 186. Fleet Street aforesaid.—Saturday, October + 25. 1851.</p> + + +<div class="tnbox"> +<p>Transcriber's Note: Original spelling varieties have not been standardized.</p> +<p><a id="pageslist1"></a><a title="Return to top" href="#was_added1"> Pages + in "Notes and Queries", Vol. I-IV</a> </p> + + + +</div> + + +<div class="box"> + +<p class="noindent"> Vol. I No. 1 November 3, 1849. Pages 1 - 17 PG # 8603 </p> + +<p class="noindent"> Vol. I No. 2 November 10, 1849. Pages 18 - 32 PG # 11265 </p> +<p class="noindent"> Vol. I No. 3 November 17, 1849. Pages 33 - 46 PG # 11577 </p> + +<p class="noindent"> Vol. I No. 4 November 24, 1849. Pages 49 - 63 PG # 13513 </p> + +</div> + + +<div class="box"> + +<p class="noindent"> Vol. I No. 5 December 1, 1849. Pages 65 - 80 PG # 11636 </p> + +<p class="noindent"> Vol. I No. 6 December 8, 1849. Pages 81 - 95 PG # 13550 </p> +<p class="noindent"> Vol. I No. 7 December 15, 1849. Pages 97 - 112 PG # 11651 </p> + +<p class="noindent"> Vol. I No. 8 December 22, 1849. Pages 113 - 128 PG # 11652 </p> +<p class="noindent"> Vol. I No. 9 December 29, 1849. Pages 130 - 144 PG # 13521 </p> +</div> + +<div class="box"> + +<p class="noindent"> Vol. I No. 10 January 5, 1850. Pages 145 - 160 PG # </p> +<p class="noindent"> Vol. I No. 11 January 12, 1850. Pages 161 - 176 PG # 11653 </p> +<p class="noindent"> Vol. I No. 12 January 19, 1850. Pages 177 - 192 PG # 11575 </p> + +<p class="noindent"> Vol. I No. 13 January 26, 1850. Pages 193 - 208 PG # 11707 </p> +</div> + +<div class="box"> + +<p class="noindent"> Vol. I No. 14 February 2, 1850. Pages 209 - 224 PG # 13558 </p> +<p class="noindent"> Vol. I No. 15 February 9, 1850. Pages 225 - 238 PG # 11929 </p> +<p class="noindent"> Vol. I No. 16 February 16, 1850. Pages 241 - 256 PG # 16193 </p> +<p class="noindent"> Vol. I No. 17 February 23, 1850. Pages 257 - 271 PG # 12018 </p> + +</div> + +<div class="box"> + +<p class="noindent"> Vol. I No. 18 March 2, 1850. Pages 273 - 288 PG # 13544 </p> +<p class="noindent"> Vol. I No. 19 March 9, 1850. Pages 289 - 309 PG # 13638 </p> +<p class="noindent"> Vol. I No. 20 March 16, 1850. Pages 313 - 328 PG # 16409 </p> +<p class="noindent"> Vol. I No. 21 March 23, 1850. Pages 329 - 343 PG # 11958 </p> + +<p class="noindent"> Vol. I No. 22 March 30, 1850. Pages 345 - 359 PG # 12198 </p> +</div> + +<div class="box"> + +<p class="noindent"> Vol. I No. 23 April 6, 1850. Pages 361 - 376 PG # 12505 </p> +<p class="noindent"> Vol. I No. 24 April 13, 1850. Pages 377 - 392 PG # 13925 </p> +<p class="noindent"> Vol. I No. 25 April 20, 1850. Pages 393 - 408 PG # 13747 </p> +<p class="noindent"> Vol. I No. 26 April 27, 1850. Pages 409 - 423 PG # 13822 </p> + +</div> + +<div class="box"> + +<p class="noindent"> Vol. I No. 27 May 4, 1850. Pages 425 - 447 PG # 13712 </p> +<p class="noindent"> Vol. I No. 28 May 11, 1850. Pages 449 - 463 PG # 13684 </p> +<p class="noindent"> Vol. I No. 29 May 18, 1850. Pages 465 - 479 PG # 15197 </p> +<p class="noindent"> Vol. I No. 30 May 25, 1850. Pages 481 - 495 PG # 13713 </p> + +</div> + +<div class="box"> + +<p class="noindent"> Notes and Queries Vol. II. </p> + +<p class="noindent"> Vol., No., Date, Year, Pages, PG # </p> +</div> + +<div class="box"> + +<p class="noindent"> Vol. II No. 31 June 1, 1850. Pages 1- 15 PG # 12589 </p> + +<p class="noindent"> Vol. II No. 32 June 8, 1850. Pages 17- 32 PG # 15996 </p> +<p class="noindent"> Vol. II No. 33 June 15, 1850. Pages 33- 48 PG # 26121 </p> +<p class="noindent"> Vol. II No. 34 June 22, 1850. Pages 49- 64 PG # 22127 </p> +<p class="noindent"> Vol. II No. 35 June 29, 1850. Pages 65- 79 PG # 22126 </p> +</div> + +<div class="box"> + +<p class="noindent"> Vol. II No. 36 July 6, 1850. Pages 81- 96 PG # 13361 </p> + +<p class="noindent"> Vol. II No. 37 July 13, 1850. Pages 97-112 PG # 13729 </p> +<p class="noindent"> Vol. II No. 38 July 20, 1850. Pages 113-128 PG # 13362 </p> +<p class="noindent"> Vol. II No. 39 July 27, 1850. Pages 129-143 PG # 13736 </p> +</div> + +<div class="box"> + +<p class="noindent"> Vol. II No. 40 August 3, 1850. Pages 145-159 PG # 13389 </p> +<p class="noindent"> Vol. II No. 41 August 10, 1850. Pages 161-176 PG # 13393 </p> + +<p class="noindent"> Vol. II No. 42 August 17, 1850. Pages 177-191 PG # 13411 </p> +<p class="noindent"> Vol. II No. 43 August 24, 1850. Pages 193-207 PG # 13406 </p> +<p class="noindent"> Vol. II No. 44 August 31, 1850. Pages 209-223 PG # 13426 </p> +</div> + +<div class="box"> + +<p class="noindent"> Vol. II No. 45 September 7, 1850. Pages 225-240 PG # 13427 </p> +<p class="noindent"> Vol. II No. 46 September 14, 1850. Pages 241-256 PG # 13462 </p> + +<p class="noindent"> Vol. II No. 47 September 21, 1850. Pages 257-272 PG # 13936 </p> +<p class="noindent"> Vol. II No. 48 September 28, 1850. Pages 273-288 PG # 13463 </p> +</div> + +<div class="box"> + +<p class="noindent"> Vol. II No. 49 October 5, 1850. Pages 289-304 PG # 13480 </p> +<p class="noindent"> Vol. II No. 50 October 12, 1850. Pages 305-320 PG # 13551 </p> +<p class="noindent"> Vol. II No. 51 October 19, 1850. Pages 321-351 PG # 15232 </p> + +<p class="noindent"> Vol. II No. 52 October 26, 1850. Pages 353-367 PG # 22624 </p> + +</div> + +<div class="box"> + +<p class="noindent"> Vol. II No. 53 November 2, 1850. Pages 369-383 PG # 13540 </p> +<p class="noindent"> Vol. II No. 54 November 9, 1850. Pages 385-399 PG # 22138 </p> +<p class="noindent"> Vol. II No. 55 November 16, 1850. Pages 401-415 PG # 15216 </p> + +<p class="noindent"> Vol. II No. 56 November 23, 1850. Pages 417-431 PG # 15354 </p> + +<p class="noindent"> Vol. II No. 57 November 30, 1850. Pages 433-454 PG # 15405 </p> +</div> + +<div class="box"> +<p class="noindent"> Vol. II No. 58 December 7, 1850. Pages 457-470 PG # 21503 </p> +<p class="noindent"> Vol. II No. 59 December 14, 1850. Pages 473-486 PG # 15427 </p> +<p class="noindent"> Vol. II No. 60 December 21, 1850. Pages 489-502 PG # 24803 </p> + +<p class="noindent"> Vol. II No. 61 December 28, 1850. Pages 505-524 PG # 16404 </p> + +</div> + +<div class="box"> +<p class="noindent"> Notes and Queries Vol. III. </p> + +<p class="noindent"> Vol., No., Date, Year, Pages, PG # </p> +</div> + +<div class="box"> + +<p class="noindent"> Vol. III No. 62 January 4, 1851. Pages 1- 15 PG # 15638 </p> + +<p class="noindent"> Vol. III No. 63 January 11, 1851. Pages 17- 31 PG # 15639 </p> +<p class="noindent"> Vol. III No. 64 January 18, 1851. Pages 33- 47 PG # 15640 </p> +<p class="noindent"> Vol. III No. 65 January 25, 1851. Pages 49- 78 PG # 15641 </p> +</div> + +<div class="box"> + +<p class="noindent"> Vol. III No. 66 February 1, 1851. Pages 81- 95 PG # 22339 </p> +<p class="noindent"> Vol. III No. 67 February 8, 1851. Pages 97-111 PG # 22625 </p> + +<p class="noindent"> Vol. III No. 68 February 15, 1851. Pages 113-127 PG # 22639 </p> +<p class="noindent"> Vol. III No. 69 February 22, 1851. Pages 129-159 PG # 23027 </p> +</div> + +<div class="box"> + +<p class="noindent"> Vol. III No. 70 March 1, 1851. Pages 161-174 PG # 23204 </p> + +<p class="noindent"> Vol. III No. 71 March 8, 1851. Pages 177-200 PG # 23205 </p> + +<p class="noindent"> Vol. III No. 72 March 15, 1851. Pages 201-215 PG # 23212 </p> +<p class="noindent"> Vol. III No. 73 March 22, 1851. Pages 217-231 PG # 23225 </p> +<p class="noindent"> Vol. III No. 74 March 29, 1851. Pages 233-255 PG # 23282 </p> +</div> + +<div class="box"> + +<p class="noindent"> Vol. III No. 75 April 5, 1851. Pages 257-271 PG # 23402 </p> + +<p class="noindent"> Vol. III No. 76 April 12, 1851. Pages 273-294 PG # 26896 </p> +<p class="noindent"> Vol. III No. 77 April 19, 1851. Pages 297-311 PG # 26897 </p> +<p class="noindent"> Vol. III No. 78 April 26, 1851. Pages 313-342 PG # 26898 </p> +</div> + +<div class="box"> + +<p class="noindent"> Vol. III No. 79 May 3, 1851. Pages 345-359 PG # 26899 </p> +<p class="noindent"> Vol. III No. 80 May 10, 1851. Pages 361-382 PG # 32495 </p> + +<p class="noindent"> Vol. III No. 81 May 17, 1851. Pages 385-399 PG # 29318 </p> +<p class="noindent"> Vol. III No. 82 May 24, 1851. Pages 401-415 PG # 28311 </p> +<p class="noindent"> Vol. III No. 83 May 31, 1851. Pages 417-440 PG # 36835 </p> +</div> + +<div class="box"> + +<p class="noindent"> Vol. III No. 84 June 7, 1851. Pages 441-472 PG # 37379 </p> + +<p class="noindent"> Vol. III No. 85 June 14, 1851. Pages 473-488 PG # 37403 </p> + +<p class="noindent"> Vol. III No. 86 June 21, 1851. Pages 489-511 PG # 37496 </p> +<p class="noindent"> Vol. III No. 87 June 28, 1851. Pages 513-528 PG # 37516 </p> +</div> + + +<div class="box"> + +<p class="noindent"> Notes and Queries Vol. IV. </p> + +<p class="noindent"> Vol., No., Date, Year, Pages, PG # </p> + +</div> + +<div class="box"> +<p class="noindent"> Vol. IV No. 88 July 5, 1851. Pages 1- 15 PG # 37548 </p> +<p class="noindent"> Vol. IV No. 89 July 12, 1851. Pages 17- 31 PG # 37568 </p> +<p class="noindent"> Vol. IV No. 90 July 19, 1851. Pages 33- 47 PG # 37593 </p> + +<p class="noindent"> Vol. IV No. 91 July 26, 1851. Pages 49- 79 PG # 37778 </p> +</div> + +<div class="box"> +<p class="noindent"> Vol. IV No. 92 August 2, 1851. Pages 81- 94 PG # 38324 </p> +<p class="noindent"> Vol. IV No. 93 August 9, 1851. Pages 97-112 PG # 38337 </p> +<p class="noindent"> Vol. IV No. 94 August 16, 1851. Pages 113-127 PG # 38350 </p> +<p class="noindent"> Vol. IV No. 95 August 23, 1851. Pages 129-144 PG # 38386 </p> + +<p class="noindent"> Vol. IV No. 96 August 30, 1851. Pages 145-167 PG # 38405 </p> +</div> + +<div class="box"> +<p class="noindent"> Vol. IV No. 97 September 6, 1851. Pages 169-183 PG # 38433 </p> +<p class="noindent"> Vol. IV No. 98 September 13, 1851. Pages 185-200 PG # 38491 </p> +<p class="noindent"> Vol. IV No. 99 September 20, 1851. Pages 201-216 PG # 38574 </p> +<p class="noindent"> Vol. IV No. 100 September 27, 1851. Pages 217-246 PG # 38656 </p> + +</div> + +<div class="box"> + +<p class="noindent"> Vol. IV No. 101 October 4, 1851. Pages 249-264 PG # 38701 </p> +<p class="noindent"> Vol. IV No. 102 October 11, 1851. Pages 265-287 PG # 38773 </p> +<p class="noindent"> Vol. IV No. 103 October 18, 1851. Pages 289-303 PG # 38864 </p> +</div> + +<div class="box"> +<p class="noindent"> Vol I. Index. [Nov. 1849-May 1850] PG # 13536 </p> +<p class="noindent"> INDEX TO THE SECOND VOLUME. MAY-DEC., 1850 PG # 13571 </p> + +<p class="noindent"> INDEX TO THE THIRD VOLUME. JAN.-JUNE, 1851 PG # 26770 </p> + </div> + + + + + + + + + + + + +<pre> + + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Notes and Queries, Vol. IV, Number +104, October 25, 1851, by Various + +*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES AND QUERIES, OCT 25, 1851 *** + +***** This file should be named 38926-h.htm or 38926-h.zip ***** +This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: + https://www.gutenberg.org/3/8/9/2/38926/ + +Produced by Charlene Taylor, Jonathan Ingram and the Online +Distributed Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net (This +file was produced from images generously made available +by The Internet Library of Early Journals.) + + +Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions +will be renamed. + +Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no +one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation +(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without +permission and without paying copyright royalties. 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