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+The Project Gutenberg EBook of Notes and Queries, Vol. IV, Number 104,
+October 25, 1851, by Various
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: Notes and Queries, Vol. IV, Number 104, October 25, 1851
+       A Medium of Inter-communication for Literary Men, Artists,
+       Antiquaries, Genealogists, etc.
+
+Author: Various
+
+Editor: George Bell
+
+Release Date: February 18, 2012 [EBook #38926]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: UTF-8
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES AND QUERIES, OCT 25, 1851 ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by Charlene Taylor, Jonathan Ingram and the Online
+Distributed Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net (This
+file was produced from images generously made available
+by The Internet Library of Early Journals.)
+
+
+
+
+
+[Transcriber's note: Original spelling varieties have not been
+standardized. Old English-style letters have been marked with braces
+{d}; characters with macrons have been marked in brackets with an equal
+sign, as [=e] for a letter e with a macron on top, or [q=] for a letter
+q with a horizontal bar in the descender. Underscores have been
+used to indicate _italic_ fonts.]
+
+
+
+
+NOTES and QUERIES:
+
+A MEDIUM OF INTER-COMMUNICATION
+
+FOR
+
+LITERARY MEN, ARTISTS, ANTIQUARIES, GENEALOGISTS, ETC.
+
+"When found, make a note of."--CAPTAIN CUTTLE.
+
+VOL. IV.--No. 104. Saturday, October 25. 1851.
+
+Price Sixpence. Stamped Edition, 7_d._
+
+
+
+
+CONTENTS.
+
+                                                                Page
+
+
+      NOTES:--
+
+      The Old Countess of Desmond, No. 1.                        305
+
+      Panslavic Sketches, by Dr. J. Lotsky                       306
+
+      Monumental Bust of Shakspeare, by J. O. Halliwell          307
+
+      Notes on Passages in Virgil, by Dr. Henry                  307
+
+      Folk Lore:--Superstitions respecting Bees--Bees invited
+      to Funerals--North Side of Churchyards--Ashton
+      Faggot: a Devonshire Custom--Offerings
+      to the Apple-trees: Devonshire Superstition                308
+
+      Poetical Imitations                                        310
+
+      Gloucestershire Ballads:--A Gloucester Ditty; George
+      Ridler's Oven                                              311
+
+      The Caxton Coffer, by Bolton Corney                        312
+
+      Minor Notes:--Note on the Duration of Reigns--Cock
+      and Bull Story--"Multa renascentur," &c.--Corruptions
+      recognised as acknowledged Words                           312
+
+      QUERIES:--
+
+      Mary Queen of Scots and Bothwell's Confession              313
+
+      Minor Queries:--"'Tis Twopence now"--Scythians
+      blind their Slaves--The "Gododin"--Frontispiece to
+      Hobbes's Leviathan--Broad Arrow or Arrow Head--Deep
+      Well near Bansted Downs--Upton Court--Derivation of
+      Prog--Metrical History of England--Finger Pillories
+      in Churches--Stallenge Queries--Ancient MS. History
+      of Scotland--Pharetram de Tutesbit--Inundation at
+      Deptford--Butler's Sermons--Coleridge's
+      Christabel--Epigram ascribed to Mary Queen of Scots        314
+
+      MINOR QUERIES ANSWERED:--Meaning of Farlieu--"History
+      of Anglesey"--The Word "Rile"                              317
+
+      REPLIES:--
+
+      Winchester Execution                                       317
+
+      Cockney                                                    318
+
+      Sir Edmund Plowden or Ployden                              319
+
+      General James Wolfe                                        322
+
+      Stanzas in Childe Harold                                   323
+
+      Replies to Minor Queries:--MS. Note in a Copy of Liber
+      Sententiarum--Naturalis Proles--Print cleaning--Story
+      referred to by Jeremy Taylor--Anagrams--Battle of
+      Brunanburgh--Praed's Works--Sir J. Davies--Coins
+      of Constantius Gallus--Passage in Sedley--Buxtorf's
+      Translation of Elias Levita's "Tub Taam"--Stonehenge--Glass
+      in Windows formerly not a Fixture--Fortune, infortune,
+      fort une--Matthew Paris's "Historia Minor"--Sanford's
+      "Descensus"--Death of Pitt--History of Hawick--"Prophecies
+      of Nostradamus"--Bourchier Family--William III. at
+      Exeter--Passage in George Herbert--Suicides buried in
+      Cross Roads--Armorial Bearing--"Life of Cromwell"--Harris,
+      Painter in Water Colours--"Son of the Morning"--Grimsdyke
+      or Grimesditch--Cagots--The Serpent represented with
+      a human Head--Fire Unknown--Plant in Texas--Copying
+      Inscriptions--Chantrey's Statue of Mrs. Jordan--Portraits
+      of Burke--Martial's Distribution of Hours                  326
+
+      MISCELLANEOUS:--
+
+      Notes on Books, Sales, Catalogues, &c.                     332
+
+      Books and Odd Volumes wanted                               333
+
+      Notices to Correspondents                                  333
+
+      Advertisements                                             333
+
+
+
+
+Notes.
+
+
+THE OLD COUNTESS OF DESMOND, NO. 1.
+
+The various notices and inquiries at times in your publication
+respecting this lady, including, as they do, some sceptical doubts of
+her existence, induce me to trouble you with several particulars upon
+this subject, of which I have at sundry times, according to the
+admirable suggestion of your motto, "when found, made a note." Some of
+them, derived from local antiquarian opportunities, will be new; of all
+I shall endeavour to make an intelligible arrangement; and as the
+subject will probably extend itself too much for a single article suited
+to your pages, I propose to place it under these distinct headings:--Was
+there an _old_ Countess of Desmond? Is there _really_ a portrait of her?
+And, Who was she?
+
+In reference to the first inquiry, I would observe that the _fact_ of
+the existence of such a personage rests upon no modern or uncertain
+tradition. This aged lady, according to an account I shall mention
+presently, is supposed to have lived to the latter end of the reign of
+James I. or beginning of that of Charles I.; and mention is made of her
+by Sir Walter Raleigh, in his _History of the World_ (bk. i. p. i. c.
+5.), as "personally known to him" as having been married in the reign of
+Edward IV. (who died A.D. 1485); and who was living in 1589, and "many
+years afterwards, as all the noblemen and gentlemen of Munster can
+witness."
+
+Lord Bacon, in his _Natural History_ (cent. viii. sect. 755.) refers to
+her thus:
+
+  "They tell a tale of the old Countess of Desmond, who lived until
+  she was seven score years old; that she did _dentize_ twice or
+  thrice, casting her old teeth, and others coming in their place."
+
+Horace Walpole, in his _Historic Doubts respecting Richard III._ (p.
+102.), correcting the "misrepresentations regarding his person," says:
+
+  "The _old_ Countess of Desmond, who had danced with Richard,
+  declared he was the handsomest man in the room except his brother
+  Edward, and was very well made."
+
+This last anecdote of Walpole's is taken from an account which I
+certainly have _seen_ and read, but the name of the authority I cannot
+now recollect, which stated that the Countess actually outlived the
+"trust term for securing her jointure" (a period generally of
+ninety-nine years from the date of marriage), "and was obliged in her
+old age to appear in a court of justice to establish her rights; and
+that it was _there_ and _then_ she delivered Walpole's anecdote to the
+judge and audience." All these different yet concurring testimonies seem
+satisfactorily to establish the fact that there _was_ a Countess of
+Desmond "passing old."
+
+Then, as to her celebrated _picture_, of which I have frequently seen
+the original on _wood_, in possession of the "Right Hon. Maurice
+Fitzgerald, Knight of Kerry," and have now a print before me, there are
+some particulars and questions which may interest your readers.
+
+The print (same size as the original) is a mezzo-tint, ten inches by
+seven inches and a half, and has under it the following inscription:
+
+  "CATHERINE FITZGERALD (the long-lived) COUNTESS OF DESMOND, from
+  an original Family Picture of the same size, painted on Board, in
+  the possession of the Right Honorable Maurice Fitzgerald, Knight
+  of Kerry, &c. &c. &c., to whom this plate is most respectfully
+  dedicated by her very obedient and much obliged humble servant,
+  HENRY PELHAM.
+
+  "This illustrious lady was born about the year 1464, and was
+  married in the reign of Edward IV., lived during the reigns of
+  Edward V., Richard III., Henry VII., Henry VIII., Edward VI.,
+  Mary, and Elizabeth, and died in the latter end of James I., or
+  beginning of Charles I.'s reign, at the great age (as is generally
+  supposed) of 162 years. Published as the Act directs, at Bear
+  Island, June 4, 1806. By Henry Pelham, Esq."
+
+In this print the features are large and strongly marked; the forehead
+and upper part of the nose deeply wrinkled, the head covered with a
+large full black hood, showing no hair whatever about the face; the
+person wrapped in a dark cloak, held by a single button over the breast.
+As some of your correspondents speak of portraits of this lady at Knowle
+(Vol. iii., p. 341.), Bedgebury, and Penshurst, it may be useful to
+compare them with this description, for the following reason.
+
+Horace Walpole, whose "mission" seems to have been to raise "Historic
+Doubts," in a letter to Rev. Mr. Cole, dated May 28, 1774, has the
+following sentence:
+
+  "Mr. Pennant has given a new edition of his former _Tour_, with
+  more cuts: among others is the _vulgar_ head called the Countess
+  of Desmond. I told him I had discovered, and proved past
+  contradiction, _that it is Rembrandt's mother_. He owned it, and
+  said he would correct it by a note: but he has not. _This is a
+  brave way of being an antiquary_: as if there could be any merit
+  in giving for genuine what one knows to be spurious."
+
+This is a very _teasing_ passage. I have no copy of Pennant's _Tour_ by
+me; nor do I recollect ever to have seen one with the print here
+referred to. Probably some of your numerous correspondents will find
+one, and inform us, whether the print in it resembles the description I
+have given. It is not at all probable that Pennant's "cut" was copied
+from the Knight of Kerry's picture: but _if_ it was copied from any of
+those mentioned by your correspondents; and _if_ these be duplicates of
+the Knight of Kerry's "family portrait;" and _if_ Horace Walpole's cruel
+criticism on Mr. Pennant be correct--then have we all been _shamed with
+a sham_. These are a considerable number of _ifs_, upon which this
+conclusion depends; but in one thing Walpole is correct: "there is no
+merit in giving for genuine what one knows to be spurious."
+
+Of the Mr. Pelham who published the print I have described, there are
+some particulars which may interest your readers. He will be found among
+the correspondents of the late General Vallancey, whose interest in
+Irish antiquities is well known. Mr. Pelham was an ingenious gentleman,
+who came to Kerry in the end of the last century, in the character of
+agent to the Marquis of Lansdowne; which engagement, after a few years,
+he resigned, but continued in the county, a zealous studier of its
+antiquities, and intending, as I have heard, either a new County History
+or a reprint of Smith's work. He was a good civil engineer, and executed
+a great part of a large county and baronial map, afterwards finished by
+another hand. Mr. Pelham, who perished prematurely by sudden death, in
+his boat, while superintending the building of a Martello tower on Bear
+Island, in the River Kenmare, in the very year he published this print,
+is said to have been an uncle by half-blood to the present Lord
+Lyndhurst, whose grandmother, Sarah Singleton, is said to have married
+to her second husband, ---- Pelham, an American--Henry Pelham being the
+only issue of her second marriage, as John Singleton Copley, father to
+the ex-chancellor, was of her first. In my next I propose to consider
+the question, Who was the old Countess of Desmond?
+
+    A. B. R.
+
+
+PANSLAVIC SKETCHES.
+
+The idea and conception of _Panslavism_ are the produce of the
+latent political events on the Continent, viz. the idea of a
+_re-crystallisation_ of a race of people comprising even now sixty
+millions, and which in former epochs extended from Archangelsk to
+Tissalonichi, where it bordered on the abodes of the Hellenic race.
+Having lost their primeval (Indian) civilisation by migrations which
+extend to times historical, the only monuments testifying to their most
+ancient origin are the languages of these various tribes,--the Russians,
+Czechs, Poles, &c. But these languages have all acquired a more modern
+type, by a great susception of Greek, Tartarian, Latin, Turkish, and
+German phrases and constructions. Fortunately, however, there have been
+other branches of this huge nation-tree, which, settled on the shores of
+the German ocean, afar from the tracts of migration and the stations of
+war, have escaped the influence of the changes contingent on the
+contentions and intercourse of men. And thus, the _Old Prussian_, the
+_Lithuanian_, and the _Lettish_ tongues (dialects) have escaped, as it
+were, the changes of improvement, and have remained, in the mouth of
+aboriginal inhabitants, such as they were many centuries ago. If the
+mythology of the Slavian nations, and their universal complex of
+languages, are undoubtedly _Indian_ (Sanscrit), the above-named three
+dialects have retained _most_ of their primordial type. I subjoin the
+Lord's Prayer, written in these three ancient Slavonic dialects, now
+hardly understood by any other save those very same tribes. The
+approximation to Sanscrit is most striking, and deserves the notice of
+philologists. As a number of persons conversant with Sanscrit, and even
+the dialects spoken in India, are to be met with in the British capital,
+their attention is most respectfully called to these venerable remains
+of old _Panslavic_ tongues.
+
+    DR. J. LOTSKY, Panslave.
+
+  8. Robert Street, Hampstead Road.
+
+
+THE LORD'S PRAYER.
+
+_Old Prussian._
+
+Tava nuson, kas tu essei en dangon, svintints virst tvais emnes; pereit
+tvais ryks; tvais quaits audasin kagi en dandon tyt deigi no semien,
+nuson deinennin geitien dais numans [=s]an deinan; bhe etverpeis numas
+nusons ausautins, kaimes etverpimai nusons au[=s]autenikamans; bhe ni
+veddeis mans em perbandasnan, [=s]lait isrankeis mans esse vissan
+vargan.
+
+_Lithuanian._
+
+Tive musû, kurs essi danguie, te essie [=s]venē amas tavo vardas; te
+ateinie tavo karaliste; te nusidŭdie tavo vale, kaip danguie taip ir
+ant [=z]èmês; dŭna musû diesni[=s]ka dûk mums ir sa diena; ir attèisk
+mums musû kattes, kaip mes attèidsam savo kattiemus; ir ne vesk mus i
+pagundima, bet gèlbèk mus nŭ pikto.
+
+_Letton (Lettish.)_
+
+Mûsu têvs debbesîs, svêtîts lai tôp tavs vârds, lai nâk tava valstiba;
+tavs prâts lai noteek, ka debbesîs ta arridzan zemmes virzû; mûsû
+deeni[=s]ku maiz dôd mums [=s]odeen; un pametti mums mûsu parradus, ka
+arrimês pamettam saveem parradneekeem; un ne ceveddi mûs eek[=s]
+kârdina[=s]anas, bet atpesti mûs no ta launa.
+
+
+MONUMENTAL BUST OF SHAKSPEARE.
+
+Mr. T. Kite, the parish clerk of Stratford-on-Avon, has recently
+completed a copy in imitation stone from a cast of the monumental bust
+of Shakspeare, which appears to me, after a very close and minute
+comparison, to be a far more faithful transcript of the original than
+any of the kind hitherto accessible to the public. It gives in detail
+most accurately those peculiarities which led Sir F. Chantrey to the
+opinion that the artist worked from a cast made after death; and if you
+would kindly spare a few lines of your paper for a paragraph to that
+effect, I feel sure you would not only confer a benefit on Shakspearian
+collectors, but at the same time pay a just tribute to Mr. Kite, for the
+intelligent pains he has bestowed upon the work. It is scarcely
+necessary to say an accurate copy of the Stratford bust is the best
+memorial of Shakspeare the public can possess, it being so much superior
+in authenticity to any other resemblance.
+
+    J. O. HALLIWELL.
+
+  Stratford on Avon, Oct. 15.
+
+
+NOTES ON PASSAGES IN VIRGIL.
+
+      I. "Acti Fatis."--_Virg. Æn. I. 36._
+
+  "Si _fatis_, nulla Junonis invidia est. Si Junonis invidiâ
+  fatigabantur quomodo dicit _acti fatis_? Sed hoc ipsum Junonis
+  odium fatale est. Agebantur _fatis_ Junonis, i.e. _voluntate_; vel
+  _fatis_, pro _malis_, ut iii. 182."--SERVIUS.
+
+  "Non tam quoniam hoc Junonis odium fatale erat, ut Servius; sed
+  potius, quoniam hi ipsi Trojanorum, errores fatales
+  erant."--HEYNE.
+
+Not only these two, but all other commentators and translators, as far
+as I know, have wholly mistaken the meaning of this passage, which is
+not _that the Trojans were_ jactati, fatigati, or agitati, _harassed, or
+driven hither and thither by the fates_, (_actus_ being never used in
+the sense assigned to it in such interpretation), but simply that they
+were _driven onward, or toward Latium, by the fates_ (acti fatis); while
+at the same time they were _driven backward, or from Latium, by Juno_,
+(arcebat longe Latio). The result was "multos per annos errabant maria
+omnia circum:" words could not more clearly express the opposition of
+the forces between which the Trojans were placed; an opposition on which
+hangs the whole action of the poem. The _invidia_ of Juno, concerning
+which Servius queries, was manifested by her using her utmost exertions
+to prevent the Trojans from arriving at the place toward which they were
+impelled by the fates, _i.e._ at which it was fated they should arrive.
+
+As "acti fatis" here, so "fato profugus venit," verse 6; "sedes ubi fata
+quietas ostendunt," verse 209; "data fata secutus," verse 386; "fata
+deum vestras exquirere terras imperiis _egere_ suis" (_Æn._ VII. 239.);
+"fatisque vocantia regna" (_Æn._ v. 656.); &c.; through all which
+expressions runs the one constant idea of the fates _calling_,
+_forcing_, _driving_ (agentia) the Trojans toward Latium.
+
+      II. "Sævus ubi Æacidæ telo jacet Hector ubi ingens
+         Sarpedon."--_Virg. Æn._ I. 103.[1]
+
+Observe how the poet surmounts the obvious difficulty of uniting Hector,
+the principal champion of Troy, and Sarpedon, the son of Jove, in one
+and the same sentence, without implying a preference for either, without
+exalting one at the expense of the other; viz., by counterbalancing, by
+an inferior position towards the end of a line, that advantage of
+priority of mention, which he must necessarily give to one of them; and
+by compensating the other for the disadvantage of being placed second in
+order, by the double advantage of first place in a line, and separation
+from the rest of the line by a sudden pause.
+
+      III. "Ubi tot Simois correpta sub undis
+           Scuta virum galeasque et fortia corpora volvit."
+
+      _Virg. Æn._ I. 104.
+
+  "Contendit cum Homero (_Il._ μ. 22. _seq._). Potest sane
+  oratio nimis ornata videri ex Æneæ persona; sed innumeris locis
+  poetæ cum epici, tum tragici, ac lyrici, sibi indulgent in ornatu,
+  etiam ubi alios loquentes inducunt."--HEYNE.
+
+  [Footnote 1: The numbering of the lines is that of the Delphin edition.]
+
+This stricture, very seasonable in a commentary on Statius or Lucan, is
+wholly inapplicable to Virgil; a poet remarkable, above all others, for
+his abstinence from gaudy ornament, and singularly careful to adapt the
+sentiment to the character and circumstances of the speaker. The words
+in the text, or some similar words, were indispensable to give full
+expression to the idea of Æneas; very imperfectly understood either by
+the annotators, or, with the exception of Caro, by the translators:
+_Happy those who died on the plains of Troy, in the sight of their
+sires? Oh! that I, too, had perished there by the hand of Tydides, or
+been swept away along with so many of my friends by the Simois!_
+
+    JAMES HENRY.
+
+  34. Westland Row, Dublin.
+
+
+FOLK LORE.
+
+_Superstitions respecting Bees._--It is a subject for painful
+reflection, that beings of so great skill and useful industry should be
+so liable to take affront, as is proved by the anecdotes related of bees
+by L. L. L. Who would not grieve, that bees--who have been said to
+partake of the Divine nature,
+
+      "Esse apibus partem divinæ mentis et haustus
+      Ætherios dixêre"--
+
+should reduce themselves, by this susceptibility of offence at (in most
+cases imaginary) neglect, to a level with the weakness and folly of
+human creatures,--I say human creatures; for in the country I have known
+feuds caused by omitting to bid to the funeral of a deceased neighbour,
+or to send black gloves. It was to be hoped that these "offensiones
+muliebres" (we may add "viriles" also) were peculiar to the human race;
+but that, it is apparent, is not so. The custom of giving a piece of the
+funeral cake is new to me; though it looks like want of feeling to be
+greedy of cake in the hour of affliction, yet there is a sort of
+retributive fitness in presenting to these busy people
+
+      "_Melle_ soporatam et medicatis frugibus offam."
+
+It is a grateful acknowledgment of past favours conferred upon the
+deceased head of the family, and a retainer for future services to the
+survivors.
+
+With regard to the custom of informing the bees of a death in the
+family, and the penalty of omitting to do so, I can add to the proof of
+it. I find among some memoranda I made more than five-and-twenty years
+ago, the following note:
+
+  "In Buckinghamshire it is common, on the death of any one of the
+  family, for the nurse to go to all the bee-hives in the garden,
+  and tap gently three times, each time repeating three times these
+  words, 'Little brownie, little brownie, your master's dead;' when
+  the bees, beginning to _hum_, show their consent to remain. The
+  omission of this ceremony, it is believed, would occasion the loss
+  of the bees by flight, or otherwise."
+
+To show that a similar custom and belief, though varying in some
+particulars, are found upon the continent of Europe, I give the
+following extract:
+
+  "In Lithuania, when the master or mistress of the house dies, it
+  is considered necessary to give notice of the fact to the bees,
+  horses, and cows, by rattling a bunch of keys; and it is believed,
+  that if this were omitted the bees and cattle would die."--See the
+  _Journal of Agriculture. Highland and Agricultural Society of
+  Scotland_, Oct. 1848, p. 538.
+
+One word more of bees: "His head is full of bees" is a Scotch proverb,
+said of a drunkard. (Ray's _Proverbs_, p. 198.) "He has a bee in his
+head" is an English proverb. So, "He has a bee in his bonnet." What is
+the meaning? As I was writing the last lines I said to a friend who was
+lounging in his arm-chair by our fireside, "Why is a drunkard's head
+said to be full of bees?" "I don't know," he answered, "unless it is on
+account of their _humming_. You remember," he added,
+
+      "With a pudding on Sundays, with stout _humming_ liquor,
+      And remnants of Latin to welcome the vicar."
+
+The half-hour bell rang before we had done talking of and repeating
+parts of V. Bourne's "The Wish." Many a time has "NOTES AND QUERIES"
+given subjects for talk in our family before and after dinner.
+
+    F. W. T.
+
+Oliver, in his account of Cherry-Burton (_History of Beverley_, p.
+499.), speaks thus on the superstitious practice of informing bees, and
+putting them in mourning on the occasion of a death in the family:
+
+  "The inhabitants entertain a superstitious belief, that when the
+  head of a family dies, it is necessary to clothe the bees in
+  mourning on the funeral day to ensure the future prosperity of the
+  hive."
+
+He then refers to an instance, and says:
+
+  "A scarf of black crape was formally applied to each bee-hive; and
+  an offering of pounded funeral biscuit, soaked in wine, was placed
+  at its entrance."
+
+In a note, he accounts for the ceremony's origin by a quotation from
+Porph. _De Ant. Nymp._, p. 261., in which honey is spoken of as being
+"anciently a symbol of death." For other notices of superstitions in
+reference to bees, see Hone's _Mysteries_, pp. 220. 222. 283.
+
+    R. W. ELLIOT.
+
+I was lately informed by a native of Monmouthshire, that the belief
+relative to bees is entertained in that and some of the adjacent
+counties even by educated persons. My informant gravely assured me that
+though the bees are aware of the approaching event, from the acuteness
+of their organs of smell, they require to be duly and timely
+communicated with on the subject, to induce them to remain with the
+survivors; but if this be neglected, they will desert their hives, and
+disappear. The propriety or necessity of offering them any refreshment
+was not stated.
+
+    YUNAF.
+
+The custom mentioned by L. L. L. still prevails in the Weald of Surrey
+and Sussex; probably through all the southern counties; but certainly in
+the Isle of Wight, where the writer only the other day, on noticing an
+empty apiary in the grounds of a villa, was told that the country people
+attributed its desertion to the bees not having had this formal notice
+of their master's death.
+
+The same superstition is practised in some parts of France, when a
+mistress of the house dies; the formula being much like our English one,
+_i.e._ to tap thrice on the hive, repeating these words, "Petits
+abeilles, votre maîtresse est morte."
+
+    A. D.
+
+_Bees invited to Funerals.--North Side of Churchyards._--At Bradfield, a
+primitive village on the edge of the moors, in the parish of
+Ecclesfield, I was informed by a person of much intelligence, that a
+custom has obtained in the district from time immemorial--"for hundreds
+of years" was the expression used--of inviting bees to funerals; and
+that an instance could be produced of the superstition having been
+practised even within the last year. What is done is this. When a death
+occurs, a person is appointed to call the neighbours to the funeral, who
+delivers the invitations in one form of words: "You are invited to the
+funeral of A. B., which is to take place at such an hour, on such a day;
+and there will be dinner on table at----o'clock." And if it should
+happen that bees were kept in the garden of the house where the corpse
+lies (not an unlikely thing near moors), the messenger is instructed to
+address the same invitation to the bees in their hives; because it is
+considered that, if this compliment be omitted, the bees will die.
+
+I asked the sexton of Bradfield why, in a churchyard that was rather
+crowded with graves, there was no appearance of either mound or
+tombstone on the north side? His only answer was, "It's mostly them 'at
+died i' t' workhus is buried at t' backside o' t' church." An instance,
+but no explanation of the prejudice entertained against the north side
+of churchyards.
+
+    ALFRED GATTY.
+
+In answer to your correspondent L. L. L. respecting bee etiquette, I can
+inform him, from my personal observation, that the ceremony of informing
+the bees of their owner's death is in full force in Ashborne,
+Derbyshire, Hinton, Wilts, and even in the highly intellectual city of
+Oxford. The ceremony is the same in all these places. Three taps are
+made on the hives with the house-key, while the informant repeats:
+"Bees, bees, bees, your master is dead, and you must work for ----,"
+naming the future owner. A piece of black crape is then fastened to the
+hive. Many bee owners think it is politic to inform the bees of the
+death of a relation: but in this case they never give the name, but the
+degree of relationship; as "your master's brother, sister, aunt, &c. is
+dead." On weddings the bees always expect to be informed of the
+auspicious event, and to have their hive decorated with a wedding
+favour.
+
+    J. G. WOOD.
+
+  Oxford.
+
+_Ashton Faggot: A Devonshire Custom._--The ashton faggot is burned on
+Christmas eve. The faggot is composed entirely of ash timber, and the
+separate sticks or branches are securely bound together with ash bands.
+The faggot is made as large as can conveniently be burned in the
+fireplace, or rather upon the floor, grates not being in use. A numerous
+company is generally assembled to spend the evening in games and
+amusement, the diversion being heightened as the faggot blazes on the
+hearth, as a quart of cider is considered due, and is called for, and
+served upon the bursting of every hoop or band bound round the faggot.
+The timber being green and elastic, each band generally bursts open with
+a smart report when the individual stick or hoop has been partially
+burned through.
+
+_Offerings to the Apple-trees: Devonshire Superstition._--It was a
+custom in Devonshire, and probably in some of the adjoining counties
+also, to perform the following ceremonial on Old Christmas Eve, or
+Twelfth Day, namely: In the evening the farmer's family and friends
+being assembled, hot wheat-flour cakes were introduced, with cider; and
+this was served round to the company, the cake being dipped in the
+cider, and then eaten. As the evening wore on, the assembled company
+adjourned into the orchard, some one bearing hot cake and cider as an
+offering to the principal tree in the orchard; the cake was deposited on
+a fork of the tree, and the cider was then thrown over it, the men
+firing off muskets, fowling-pieces, pistols, &c., the women, girls, and
+boys shouting and screaming to the trees with all the excitement of
+young Indians the following rhyme:--
+
+      "Bear blue, apples and pears enoug';
+      Barn fulls, bag fulls, sack fulls. Hurrah! hurrah! hurrah!"
+
+Query, Do these customs prevail to this day either in Devonshire or in
+other European countries?
+
+    R. R.
+
+
+POETICAL IMITATION.
+
+It has always been a pleasing office of criticism, to observe how often
+an excellent thought, having sprung from some master mind, or from some
+inferior mind in a happy moment, has been used by succeeding writers.
+
+Homer,
+
+          "à quo, ceu fonte perenni,
+      Vatum Pieriis ora rigantur aquis,"
+
+has, in _Il._ v. 406. _et seq._, the following lines:
+
+      "Νήπιος, οὐδὲ τὸ οἶδε κατὰ φρένα Τυδέος υἱὸς
+      Ὅττι μάλ' οὐ δηναιὸς, ὃς ἀθανάτοισι μάχοιτο,
+      Οὐδέ τί μιν παῖδες ποτὶ γούνασι παππάζουσιν,
+      Ἐλθόντ' ἐκ πολέμοιο καὶ αἰνῆς δηϊοτῆτος."
+
+"The son of Tydeus is foolish and rash, nor is aware that he who fights
+with the immortals is not long-lived, and that _no children, as he
+returns from war and strife, gather round his knees to call him
+father_."
+
+The idea of children saluting their parent at his knees, has been
+adopted, and accompanied with various additions, by several subsequent
+authors. Among the writers in Homer's language, however, we find no
+imitation of it, unless the following lines of Callimachus can be
+regarded as taken from it:
+
+      "Πατρὸς ἐφεζομένη γονάτεσσι
+      Παῖς ἔτι κουρίζουσα, τάδε προσέειπε γονῆα,
+      Δός μοι παρθενίην αἰώνιον, ἄππα, φυλάσσειν."
+
+"She (_Diana_), yet a child, sitting sportively on the knees of her
+father, said to him, Allow me, dear parent, to preserve a perpetual
+virginity."
+
+In the Latin writers the thought occurs several times. The first in whom
+it is found is Lucretius:
+
+      "At jam non domus adcipiet te læta, neque uxor
+      Optuma, nec dulces obcurrent oscula natei
+      Præripere, et tacitâ pectus dulcedine tangent."
+
+      III. 907.
+
+"But thy cheerful home shall no more receive thee, nor thy excellent
+wife; nor shall thy sweet children run to snatch kisses from thee, and
+touch thy breast with secret delight."
+
+In whose steps Virgil treads:
+
+      "Interea _dulces pendent circum oscula nati_;
+      Casta pudicitiam servat domus."--_Geo._ II. 523.
+
+      "His cares are eased with intervals of bliss;
+      His little children climbing for a kiss,
+      Welcome their father's late return at night;
+      His faithful bed is crown'd with chaste delight."
+
+      Dryden.
+
+(Virgil liked the expression _dulces nati_. He has
+
+      "Nec mihi jam patriam antiquam spes ulla videndi,
+      Nec _dulces natos_ exoptatumque parentem."
+
+      _Æn._ II. 137.
+
+      "Nec _dulces natos_, Veneris nec præmia nôris?"
+
+      _Æn._ IV. 33.
+
+      "Sed tota in _dulces_ consument ubera _natos_."
+
+      _Geo._ III. 178.)
+
+Statius, doubtless, had both Lucretius and Virgil in his view, when he
+wrote,
+
+      "Rursus et ex illis soboles nova; grexque protervus
+      Nunc _humeris irreptet avi_, nunc agmine blando
+      Certatim placidæ _concurrat ad oscula_ Pollæ."
+
+      _Silv._ III. i. 179.
+
+"Again from them springs a new race; a forward little troop, which
+sometimes climb on the shoulders of their grandfather, and sometimes, in
+pleasing congress, run to catch a kiss from the gentle Polla."
+
+Seneca, _Thyest._ I. 145., has another imitation:
+
+      "Exceptus gladio parvulus impio,
+      Dum _currit patrium natus ad osculum_,
+      Immatura focis victima concidit."
+
+"The little Pelops, met by the impious sword, while he was running to
+receive his father's kiss, fell a premature victim on the hearth."
+
+Claudian, _Rapt. Proserp._ III. 173., has another:
+
+                "Hæc post cunabula dulci
+      Ferre sinu, summoque Jovi deducere parvam
+      Sueverat, _et genibus ludentem aptare paternis_."
+
+"She was accustomed to bear the little infant, after it had slept in its
+cradle, in her fragrant bosom, to present it to almighty Jove, and to
+place it sporting on its father's knees."
+
+But the best adaptations and expansions of the thought have been among
+the writers of our own country. The earliest allusion to it, I believe,
+occurs in Thomson's description of the traveller lost in the snow:
+
+      "In vain for him th' officious wife prepares
+      The fire fair-blazing, and the vestment warm;
+      In vain his little children, peeping out
+      Into the mingling storm, demand their sire
+      With tears of artless innocence! Alas!
+      Nor wife, nor children, more shall he behold,
+      Nor friends, nor sacred home."--_Winter_, 311.
+
+But this is a less pointed imitation than that of Gray, which succeeded
+it. Gray had his eye on Lucretius:
+
+      "For them no more the blazing hearth shall burn,
+        Or busy housewife ply her evening care;
+      No children run to lisp their sire's return,
+        Or climb his knees the envied kiss to share."
+
+Next followed Collins, in his Ode on the Superstitions of the Highlands,
+who, however, seems to have had Thomson chiefly in view:
+
+      "For him, in vain, his anxious wife shall wait,
+        Or wander forth to meet him on his way;
+      For him, in vain, at to-fall of the day,
+        His babes shall linger at th' unclosing gate:
+      Ah! ne'er shall he return."
+
+To him succeeded Dyer:
+
+      "The little smiling cottage, when at eve
+      He meets his rosy children at the door,
+      Prattling their welcomes, and his honest wife,
+      -------------------------------- intent
+      To cheer his hunger after labour hard."
+
+      __Fleece_, Book I. 120._
+
+Burns has a picture equal to any of these:
+
+      "At length his lonely cot appears in view
+          Beneath the shelter of an aged tree:
+        _Th' expectant wee things, todlin', stacher through
+          To meet their dad with flichterin' noise and glee:_
+          His wee-bit ingle blinkin' bonnilie,
+        His clean hearth-stane, his thrifty wifie's smile,
+          _The lisping infant prattling on his knee_,
+        Does a' his weary carking cares beguile,
+      And makes him quite forget his labour and his toil."
+
+      _Cotter's Saturday Night._
+
+Burns may have taken the thought from Gray, or some other English
+source. But he has not disgraced it by his mode of treating it.
+
+Allen Ramsay, in his _Gentle Shepherd_, has a very pretty allusion to
+children, which I have not at hand to consult, but which concludes with,
+
+      "While all they ettle at, their greatest wis',
+      Is to be made o', and obtain a kiss."
+
+    J. S. W.
+
+  Stockwell.
+
+
+A GLOUCESTER DITTY.
+
+(_From an Old Broadside without date._)
+
+      Come, my very merry gentle people, only list a minute,
+      For tho' my song may not be long there's something comic in
+          it;
+      A stranger I, yet, by the bye, I've ventured in my ditty,
+      To say a word at parting, just in praise of Gloucester city.
+
+      The Romans they this city built, and many folks came down
+          here,
+      Kings Richard, Henry, John, and Ned, did visit Glo'ster town
+          here;
+      King William dined each Christmas here, and Glo'ster folks it
+          pleases,
+      To know the food he relished most was double Berkeley cheeses.
+
+      The ladies, Heaven bless 'em all! as sure as I've a nose on,
+      In former times had only thorns and skewers to stick their
+          clothes on;
+      No damsel then was worth a pin, whate'er it might have cost
+          her,
+      Till gentle Johnny Tilsby came, and invented pins in Glo'ster.
+
+      Your fine cathedral when I saw, tho' much I was delighted,
+      Yet in the whisp'ring gallery I got most sadly frighted;
+      Some question there I asked myself, when not a soul was near
+          me,
+      And suddenly an answer came, as if the walls could hear me.
+
+      The Severn full of salmon fine enriches low and high land,
+      And then, for more variety, you've got a little island;
+      Of which I've read a Taylor's Tale, a dozen verses long, sirs,
+      And may I go to Old Harry, if it's not a clever song, sirs.
+
+      George Ridler's oven, I've been told, contains some curious
+          jokes, sirs,
+      And much of it is said by many Glo'ster folks, sirs;
+      But ovens now are serious things, and from my soul I wish,
+          sirs,
+      Your ovens here many ne'er want bread to fill the poor man's
+          dish, sirs.
+
+      Now if you will but all forgive this slight attempt at rhyme,
+          sirs,
+      I'll promise, like the little boys, to mend another time,
+          sirs;
+      May health, with every blessing, join this company to foster,
+      Till, with your leave, some future time I come again to
+          Glo'ster.
+
+
+GEORGE RIDLER'S OVEN.
+
+(_From a Broadside._)
+
+      The stwons that built George Ridler's oven,
+      And thauy keum from the Bleakeley's Quaar;
+      And George he wur a jolly old mon,
+      And his yead it grawed above his yare.
+
+      One thing of George Ridler I must commend,
+      And that wur vur a notable theng;
+      He meud his braags avoore he died,
+      Wi' ony dree brothers his zons should zeng.
+
+      There's Dick the Treble and John the Mean,
+      (Let ev'ry mon zeng in his auwn pleace)
+      And George he wur the elder brother,
+      And therevoore he would zeng the Beass.
+
+      Mine Hostess' moid (and her neaum 'twur Nell),
+      A pretty wench, and I loved her well;
+      I loved her well, good reazun whoy,
+      Because zhe loved my dog and I.
+
+      My dog is good to catch a hen,
+      A duck or goose is vood vor men;
+      And where good company I spy,
+      O thether gwoes my dog and I.
+
+      My mother told I when I wur young,
+      If I did vollow the strong beer pwoot,
+      That drenk would pruv my auverdrow,
+      And meaak me vear the thread bare cwoart.
+
+      My dog has gotten sich a troick,
+      To visit moids when thoiy be zick;
+      When thoiy be zick and loik to die,
+      O, thether gwoes my dog and I.
+
+      When I have dree zixpences under my thumb,
+      O, then I be welcome wherever I keum;
+      But when I have none, O then I pass by,
+      'Tis poverty pearts good company.
+
+      If I should die as it may hap,
+      My greauve shall be under the green yeal tap;
+      In voulded earmes there wool us lie,
+      Cheek by jowl, my dog and I.
+
+The foregoing is a very famous old Gloucestershire ballad, corrected
+according to the fragments of a MS. found in the Speech-house of Dean
+several centuries ago, and used to be sung at the meetings of the
+Gloucestershire Society, a charitable institution held at the Crown and
+Anchor in the Strand.
+
+Both these ballads are literally copied from the Broadsides.
+
+    H. G. D.
+
+
+THE CAXTON COFFER.
+
+The biographers of Caxton may be divided into two classes; those who
+wrote before the publication of the _Typographical antiquities_, A.D.
+1749, and those who wrote after that date. The same distinction may be
+made with regard to those who have incidentally noticed his life or
+publications.
+
+The principal writers of the first period are Leland, Bale, Stow, Pits,
+Fuller, Nicolson, Middleton, Birch, Oldys, Lewis and Tanner. At the
+present moment, I must content myself with a critical remark on the mode
+in which Leland has been so often quoted. The first passage contains the
+expression to which I allude.
+
+  (1.) "Gulielmus Caxodunus, _Angliæ prototypographus_, hæc, aut
+  similia his, Anglice refert" etc.
+
+  (2.) "Quanquam priusquam id, quod modo sum pollicitus,
+  præstitero, non alienum meo erit instituto palam facere
+  _Gulielmum Caxodunum_, hominem nec indiligentem, nec indoctum,
+  _et quem constat primum_ LONDINI _artem exercuisse
+  typographicam_, Chauceri opera, quotquot vel pretio vel precibus
+  comparare potuit, in unum volumen collegisse."
+
+The incidental expression _Angliæ prototypographus_ has been considered
+as a proof that Leland discredited the typographical claims of Oxford.
+The second quotation conveys an opposite notion. I tax no one, however,
+with unfairness, but ascribe the oversight to reliance on the _Index
+scriptorum à Joanne Lelando laudatorum_, which refers only to the first
+quotation.
+
+    BOLTON CORNEY.
+
+
+Minor Notes.
+
+_Note on the Duration of Reigns._--As Mr. Clinton and others have
+endeavoured to invalidate Newton's conclusions with respect to the
+length of reigns, by examples from modern history, I have made a Note on
+that subject which may be of use. Taking in the times which may be
+supposed most to resemble those to which the question refers, we find in
+England, from Alfred to the Conquest, 13 kings in 166 years:
+
+      From 1066 to 1272     8 kings      206 yrs.
+      From 1272 to 1837    27   "        565  "
+
+An average on the whole of 19-1/2 years.
+
+If we add the time from Egbert, 5 kings, 73 yrs., the average becomes 19
+yrs.
+
+The average from 1272 is only 21.
+
+      In France 559 to 814   18 kings    255 yrs.
+           "    814   1830   47   "     1016  "
+
+Average 19-1/2.
+
+Average from 814 only 21-1/2.
+
+In Germany 840 to 1835 50 emper. 995 yrs. Average not 20.
+
+Turks 1299 to 1808, 30 sover. 509 yrs. Average 17.
+
+Scotland 1057 to 1567, 20 kings 510 yrs. Average 25-1/2
+
+Spain 1479 to 1833, 14 kings 354 yrs. Average 25.
+
+Portugal 1102 to 1826, 27 kings 724 yrs. Average not 21.
+
+Denmark 1157 to 1839, 28 kings 672 yrs. Average 25.
+
+Russia 1722 to 1825, 9 sover. 103 yrs. Average 11-1/2 yrs.
+
+Total: 294 sovereigns, 6085 years; being an average of about 20-2/3,
+although including the latest times. It is evidently unfair to take
+recent times only, as Hales, Clinton, &c. do.
+
+    ALTRON.
+
+_Cock and Bull Story._--One of your correspondents, in a late reply
+(Vol. iv., p. 243.), alludes to "a marvellous or _cock and bull_ story."
+Query, as to the origin of this saying. From an early number of the
+_Phonetic Journal_ made the following Note.
+
+Dr. Burgess, a Methodist preacher, who often indulged in pointed
+remarks, perceiving some young men attending his preaching, whose
+behaviour plainly showed that amusement was their only object, turned
+his discourse, and addressed himself particularly to them as follows:--
+
+  "Young men, I know you are come to hear a story, and I will tell
+  you one. There was once a man, a cock, and a bull, who, being
+  intimate, agreed to travel together. They had not gone far on
+  their journey when they found themselves on the brink of a river,
+  which they had determined to cross, but could discover neither
+  bridge nor ferry. After a consultation it was agreed the cock
+  should first make the attempt of crossing the water, which he did
+  without much difficulty; the bull afterwards plunged into the
+  stream, and by mere strength waded through. The man, not being
+  able to swim, was afraid to follow his companions; and while they
+  were encouraging him from the other side to get over, he was
+  observed to cut some osiers which grew by the water-side. Perhaps
+  you imagine these were intended to form a vehicle for conveying
+  him across the river? No such thing, I assure you. What other
+  purpose could he design them for? I will tell you, young men; it
+  was to lash the backs of those fools who chose to hear a story of
+  a cock and a bull, rather than the word of God."
+
+    PHILIP S. KING.
+
+"_Multa renascentur_," _&c._--To show how stories are made standing
+dishes with what we may call _current sauce_ (no pun intended), take the
+following:--If we believe anything to have happened in our own day, that
+is, in Liverpool or Castlereagh time, it is the anecdote of the
+borough-monger who would answer nothing to the excuses of the minister,
+except "There are five of us." This story was told as an old one in the
+_Telegraph_ in 1798; and a long dialogue was given between Lord
+Falmouth, who wanted the Captaincy of the Yeomen of the Guard, and Henry
+Pelham, who had promised it elsewhere. To all the poor minister could
+say, the peer could only answer, "There are _seven_ of us." I hope that,
+in an age when coincidences are sought for, Wordsworth will not be
+suspected of plagiarism.
+
+Again, what reader of gossip does not know that when George III. went to
+Weymouth, the Mayor, in making his address, mistook the private
+directions of his prompter for parts of his address, and gave it the
+King as follows:--"Hold up your head, and look like a man--what the ----
+do you mean?... By ----, Sir, you'll ruin us all." This story was told
+in a newspaper in 1797, as having happened between James II. and the
+Mayor of Winchester.
+
+In the _Monthly Magazine_ in 1798, is a paper on peculiarities of
+expression, among which are several which we flatter ourselves belong to
+our own time. For instance, "to _cut_ a person," which was then current:
+some tried to change it into _spear_, but failed. Also, to _vote_, as in
+"he voted it a bad lounge;" and the words _bore_, _done up_, _dished_,
+&c.; not forgetting _spilt_ for "upset" in a carriage.
+
+The parliamentary phrases of "catching the speaker's eye," "being upon
+his legs," "meeting the ideas of the house," "committing himself,"
+"taking shame to himself," "being free to confess," "putting a question
+roundly," "answering it fairly," "pushing an investigation," are all
+noted as then worthy of remark. And, if we are to trust the article
+cited, the word _truism_ was born and bred in the House of Commons, in
+the sense of a forcible and undeniable truth. And the same origin is
+given to the idiom "in my own mind" as in "I feel no doubt, in my own
+mind,..."
+
+    M.
+
+_Corruptions recognised as acknowledged Words._--I recollect two curious
+historical instances of mere vulgar mis-pronunciation, which have
+established themselves in use; perhaps others of your readers may
+mention more, which it would be interesting to trace to their origin.
+
+_Massaniello_ is universally recognised as the name of the celebrated
+Neapolitan insurrectionist, who at one time nearly overturned the
+government of that kingdom. How few who use the word are aware that
+"Mas-Aniello" is but a corruption of _Thomas Aniello_, so pronounced by
+his vulgar companions, and now raised to the dignity of an historical
+name.
+
+_Hougoumont_ is a conspicuous feature of the great field of Waterloo,
+and a name familiarly used in speaking of the famous battle; in course
+of time it will be forgotten that this is a mere mistake, said to have
+originated with the great general who achieved the victory, catching up
+from the peasantry around, the sound of _Chateau Goumont_, the real name
+of the little rural demesne in question. Nobody doubts, however, the
+right of the "Great Duke" to call a place he has made so famous by any
+name he might please to apply, and so _Hougoumont_ it will remain while
+history lasts.
+
+    A. B. R.
+
+
+
+
+Queries.
+
+
+MARY QUEEN OF SCOTS AND BOTHWELL'S CONFESSION.
+
+Although Mr. Cosh, at p. 248. of his admirable work on _The Method of
+Divine Government_, observes on the rapidity with which females descend
+to the depths of sin, the old apothegm, "Nemo repenti turpissimus fuit,"
+recurs when thinking of Mary Queen of Scots, and leads me to ask the
+following question. Permit me to preface it with a remark. Mary is
+represented by all contemporary and subsequent writers to have been,
+from her earliest years to the death of Darnley, worthily beloved for
+her amiable qualities of heart and her superiority of intellect, and
+then to have fallen suddenly into an abyss of sin and wickedness,
+comprising domestic treason, murder, perjury, the subornation of
+perjurers, adultery, the conniving at divorce without adequate grounds,
+and all the other crimes connected with such proceedings; and then,
+after fifteen months of such a desperate course, to have risen to her
+former elevation, and have passed the remainder of her life with
+dignity, calmness, resignation, and in the habitual exercise of sincere
+piety, and to have met her death with a degree of heroism which has
+secured the admiration of posterity, and strengthened the doubts of her
+being guilty of the crimes imputed to her. The whole controversy, from
+Buchanan to Bell, is, I take for granted, known to your readers. Your
+publication is not the place suited to an examination of such mental
+operations, which are without a historical prototype, and without a
+known parallel. If any light can be thrown on any part of this subject,
+it becomes an act of historical justice, a work of Christian charity to
+Mary, and an illustration of the workings of the mind in a great
+emergency.
+
+The late Chevalier Bronsted, of whose learning and accuracy his
+archæological works bear record, and whose straightforward simplicity of
+mind was highly estimated by all who knew him, had read in manuscript
+the second part of the confession of Bothwell, made previous to his
+death. I think the manuscript was in the private cabinet of the King of
+Denmark. In that confession he owned to have _violated_ the person of
+Mary, and that she became enceinte; that she miscarried, and immediately
+took measures to rid herself of him. Concluding that event to have
+transpired, there seems to be some clue to her forwarding the discussion
+of her council, and acquiescing in their request to marry Bothwell. A
+young queen, surrounded by ruffians, barbarians, and selfish and
+unprincipled leaders of factions, placed in a situation in which every
+feeling of the woman was outraged, every sentiment lacerated, her
+honour, her station, her life in jeopardy, her memory liable to
+degradation and disgrace, in terror, having in such extremity no friend
+to whom she could apply for advice and succour, she may have been
+induced to adopt means for her safety which, if injudicious, were
+excusable. My request is, to learn if any of your correspondents have
+seen or are cognisant of this very curious and important document.
+
+    ÆGROTUS.
+
+
+Minor Queries.
+
+229. "_'Tis Twopence now," &c._--Can any of your correspondents tell me
+where the following lines are to be found?--
+
+      "At length in an unearthly tone I heard these accents drop,
+      'Sarvice is done, 'tis tuppence now for them as wants to stop.'"
+
+I met with them in a newspaper (I think the _Morning Herald_) between
+twenty and thirty years ago, but I believe they have been transferred to
+that sheet from the pages of some periodical. The lines above given are
+the concluding lines of the piece; the preceding lines were devoted to
+the description of the dying away of the tones of the organ, and the
+musings of the poet amongst the tombs in Westminster Abbey.
+
+    REMIGIUS.
+
+230. _Scythians blind their Slaves._--Can any of your correspondents
+explain to me the reason why, according to Herodotus, the Scythians used
+to blind their slaves? The passage is in chapter ii. book iv. I believe
+the reasoning to be hopelessly unreasonable, and have always been told
+that it is so, though I have met with many who have read the chapter
+again and again without even noticing the difficulty. The question is
+this:--What are we to supply in thought in order to connect the practice
+of blinding the slaves with the process of milking the mares, and
+stirring the milk to separate the cream or butter from it? Is it thus?
+The Scythians only feed cattle, and have no other use for slaves than to
+stir the milk, which they can do when blinded, at the same time that
+they are unable to escape, having been deprived of sight, and so their
+masters have not the trouble of watching them. This does not satisfy me;
+nor will it, I think, satisfy any one else.
+
+    THEOPHYLACT.
+
+  Blackheath.
+
+231. _The "Gododin."_--In the Note on "The Antiquity of Kilts," MR.
+STEPHENS quotes the _Gododin_, an ancient poem, or poems, on which there
+is great diversity of opinion regarding its contents. The _Gododin_ was
+written or composed by Aneurin, in the dialect of the Northumbrian
+Britons, about the year 510, according to Llwyd. It is evident that a
+work of this description, with the usual accidents attending on
+transmission, must necessarily be somewhat obscure at the present day.
+Indeed, it appears to be so much so, that there are two very different
+versions; one giving it as the description of a battle, in which the
+intoxicated Britons were easy victims to the swords of the "stranger;"
+the other version, by the Rev. E. Davies, refers it to the "Brad y
+Cyllyll Hirion," (or, Plot of the Long Knives), or massacre of the
+British chiefs at Stonehenge, during a feast. Now as this event is
+stated to have occurred in 472, the Dinogat of Aneurin is not the
+Dinogat of 577. Moreover Davies describes him as Octa, a son of the
+Saxon Hengist. As MR. STEPHENS does not follow this version, and as he
+has given considerable attention to those subjects, perhaps he is
+enabled to decide this _questio vexata_. It should be observed that
+Davies accompanies his version with reasons that give it much weight.
+
+    GOMER.
+
+232. _Frontispiece to Hobbes's Leviathan._--There are curious
+circumstances about this frontispiece which some of your readers may
+explain. The figure of Leviathan represents the upper part of a man with
+a crown on his head, a sword in his right hand, and a crozier in his
+left, the body and arms being made up of small human figures in various
+dresses. In the common editions the face has a manifest resemblance to
+Cromwell (the work was published in 1651), although it wears, as I have
+said, a regal crown. But in the copy belonging to Trinity College
+Library, the face appears to be intended for Charles I. The engraving of
+this copy is very much worse than the other, and is not worked into the
+same careful detail by the artist, though the outline is the same: and
+the text of the book is a separate and worse impression, though the
+errata are the same with the other copies, as well as the date. How
+Hobbes himself, or any other person, should come to print the Leviathan
+in this manner, it seems difficult to explain.
+
+I have also a small French translation of Hobbes, _De Corpore Politico_,
+dated 1652, which has a similar figure for a frontispiece, but with an
+upright sword in the right, and a balance in the left, hand.
+
+    W. W.
+
+  Cambridge.
+
+233. _Broad Arrow or Arrow Head._--What is the origin of the arrow head
+as a government mark?
+
+    [Arrow symbol]
+
+234. _Deep Well near Bansted Downs._--Mr. Robert Hooke, professor at
+Gresham College, writing in 1674, says he has--
+
+  "seen at a gentleman's house, not far from Bansted-Downs in
+  Surrey, a well which is dug through a body of chalk, and is near
+  360 feet deep, and yet dry almost to the very bottom."
+
+Is this well still known, and can any of your correspondents vindicate
+its situation, and give any particulars relating to it? The pamphlet in
+which it is mentioned is curious, for it is "an attempt to prove the
+motion of the earth [in its orbit] from observations." It will be
+observed that the work was written in the year 1674.
+
+    W. S. G.
+
+  Newcastle-upon-Tyne.
+
+235. _Upton Court._--About nine miles from Reading, on the road to
+Newbury, and removed about two miles from the high road, is an ancient
+manor house called Upton Court. It is most curious as to architecture,
+and is a most interesting specimen of the houses of the gentry of former
+days. It belonged to a Catholic family of the name of Perkins. The
+chapel, in the house, and the hiding-place for priests, can still be
+seen. It is said that Pope wrote the _Rape of the Lock_ there. I should
+be glad to know if any of your correspondents can confirm this fact from
+authentic evidence.
+
+    A. E.
+
+236. _Derivation of Prog._--In Vol. iv., p. 175., _Pirog_ is stated to
+be the Russian custom of the mistress of a family distributing on
+certain occasions bread or cake to her guests.
+
+Query, Is this the origin of our slang word _prog_, meaning provisions?
+
+    J. SS.
+
+237. _Metrical History of England._--I am nearly an octogenarian,
+consequently I ought to have something better, and humbly hope I have
+something better, to employ my thoughts than relics of old ditties and
+forgotten rhymes. Still the recurring questions of numerous
+grandchildren compel one to resort to long forgotten lore, and to
+request those whose memory still survives to compensate for the
+deficiencies of my own. I am particularly anxious to recover my lapsis
+in the following metrical, yet _logical_, history of England, which I
+have long ago forgotten:
+
+      "William and William, and Henry and Stephen,
+      And Henry the Second, _to make the First even_."
+
+If either MR. HALLIWELL, or DR. RIMBAULT, will favour me, they will
+confer a great obligation, and add much to the hilarity of my ensuing
+Christmas table.
+
+    MÆRIS.
+
+238. _Finger Pillories in Churches._--Besides some interesting
+monuments, &c., to be found in the church of Ashby-de-la-Zouch, there
+stands under the western gallery a _finger pillory_, or stocks to
+confine the fingers only: it is fastened at its right-hand extremity
+into the wall, and consists of two pieces of oak; the bottom and fixed
+piece is three feet eight inches long; the width of the whole is four
+and a half inches, and when closed it is five inches deep: the left-hand
+extremity is supported by a leg of the same width as the top, and two
+feet six inches in length; the upper piece is joined to the lower by a
+hinge, and in this lower and fixed horizontal part are thirteen
+perpendicular holes, varying in size; the largest are towards the right
+hand: these holes are sufficiently deep to admit the finger to the
+second joint, and a slight hollow is made to receive the third one,
+which lies flat; there is of course a corresponding hollow in the top or
+movable part, which, when shut down, incloses the whole finger.
+
+Its use is stated to have been for the punishment of persons guilty of
+mal-practices during divine service: truly, a mischievous urchin, or a
+lout of a farm servant, dragged off to the stocks, must have been a
+scene extremely edifying to the congregation, particularly if the
+offenders were obstreperous, and had no inclination whatever to be in a
+fix.
+
+Query, Is there another known instance of stocks for the fingers alone,
+and applied to similar purposes?
+
+    THOS. LAWRENCE.
+
+  Ashby-de-la-Zouch.
+
+239. _Stallenge Queries._--1. What was the christian name, birth, and
+parentage of the Stallenge who planted the mulberry trees at Sion House
+at the commencement of the seventeenth century?
+
+2. What was the name of the _first wife_ of that Sir Nicholas Stallenge
+who, towards the close of the sixteenth century, married as his _second
+wife_ Florence Kenn, widow of Sir Christopher Kenn, of Kenn, in the
+county of Somerset?
+
+3. What city or castle in England was Sir Thomas Stallenge his son
+governor of?
+
+4. What was the name of the wife of the said Sir Thomas Stallenge?
+
+    M. C. U.
+
+240. _Ancient MS. History of Scotland._--In the year 1796, there was in
+the possession of the Rev. Robert Rennie, minister of Kilsyth,
+Stirlingshire, an old MS. which that gentleman (in Sir John Sinclair's
+_Statistical Account_) thus describes:--
+
+  "It seems to be a chronicle of Scotland. The most of it is
+  legible. It takes up the history of Scotland at the Christian era,
+  and contains a regular series of all the remarkable events in
+  every king's reign, with the name of the kings, down to the year
+  1565. I have compared it with many histories and annals of
+  Scotland, but am of opinion that it is an original, and not a
+  copy."
+
+Can any of your correspondents give any additional information regarding
+it?
+
+    ABERDONIENSIS.
+
+241. _Pharetram de Tutesbit._--Can you tell me the meaning of _Pharetram
+de Tutesbit_ and _sagittas flectatas_ in the following?
+
+  "William de Gresely tenet manerium de Drakelow in Com. Derby in
+  Capite, et reddit unum arcum sine corda, et unum Pharetram de
+  Tutesbit, et duodecim Sagittas flectatas, et unum
+  buzonem."--Blount's _Tenures_.
+
+    H. N. E.
+
+  Bitton Vicarage, Oct. 1851.
+
+242. _Inundation at Deptford._--In Lysons' _Environs of London_, vol.
+iv. p. 359., it is stated that in the year 1671 a great inundation
+happened at and near Deptford, which did much mischief, so that the
+inhabitants were obliged to retire in boats to the upper town, and that
+an account of it was extant in a small pamphlet published at the time.
+If any of your correspondents could inform me where a copy of this is to
+be met with, or give me any further particulars concerning the
+occurrence, I should feel very much obliged.
+
+    W. H. HART.
+
+  New Cross.
+
+243. _Butler's Sermons._--In the account of Bishop Butler, attached to
+his works, mention is made of MS. sermons, from which those which have
+been published were selected. Is it known if there are any writings of
+his in existence, and where they are? His executor was Dr. Nathaniel
+Foster.
+
+    L.
+
+244. _Coleridge's Christabel._--Can any one familiar with the _Coleridge
+Papers_ inform me whether the following is a veritable fragment of the
+poet's own continuation of _Christabel_, or perhaps of one of those
+conclusions (some serious, some jocose) which we owe to Tupper, Moir,
+and Maginn?
+
+      "This was the lovely lady's cry--
+      'Holy One! who camest to die,
+      Camest, yea, to die for me
+      Who have despite done to Thee--
+      And didst feel the proud man's scorn,
+      And the woe of one forlorn--
+      Whose heavenly eyes were brimmed with tears
+      For the sorrows of human years;
+      Whose holy hands were pierced through,
+      Whose feet long toil and travel knew,
+      Who felt all grief, all wild despair,
+      That the race of man may ever bear.
+      O look down from thy placid sky,
+        Upon a maiden worn with woe,
+      Who in snowy chastity,
+        Has passed the years of life below!
+      O let no spirit of affright,
+      Visit me this ghastly night!'
+
+      "So she prayed: and listening,
+      Stood beside the magic spring,
+      But only heard the brookless plash,
+      And the berries fall from the mountain ash,
+      And the cry of birds in the woods away,
+      And the step of the roe over lichens gray."
+
+    MORTIMER COLLINS.
+
+245. _Epigram ascribed to Mary Queen of Scots._--When the Queen visited
+the library of Trinity College, Dublin, in 1849, she was shown an early
+edition of Sallust, which had belonged to Mary Queen of Scots, and has
+her autograph signature, and many MS. notes and a MS. Latin epigram,
+_supposed_ to be her Majesty's composition. The volume is a small
+quarto, title _Opera Sallustiana_, with the date 1523, and a colophon:
+
+  "Impressus per Antonium Blanchard anno domini M. quingentessimo
+  xxiii. pridie Kalend. Sextilis."
+
+But on a page following the title there appears--
+
+  "Ex officina nostra caleographa Parrhisiis pridie Kalendas
+  Novembris anni hujus M. CCCCC quarti."
+
+The volume was presented to the College library by Mr. Croker, as
+appears by a _dono dedit_ in his handwriting, and by the following note
+in that of the learned Dr. Barrett:--
+
+  "This book, which formerly belonged to Mary Queen of Scots, was
+  presented by James I. to Bishop Hall (fol. 90.), and presented to
+  this library, July 26, 1800, by John Wilson Croker, F.C., A.B."
+
+The presentation by James to the Bishop is thus recorded:--
+
+  "Hunk [sic] librum Jacobus rex dono dedit amico suo reverendo
+  Doctori Hall."
+
+These details may interest bibliographers, as I do not find any notice
+of this edition in Dibdin, or any other work within my reach[2] but the
+main object of my curiosity is the Latin epigram in the Queen's hand,
+and supposed (I suspect erroneously) to be her composition. The lines
+are:
+
+      "Sæpe meæ dixi 'tandem discede' puellæ--
+        In gremio sedit protinus illa meo;
+       Sæpe 'pudet' dixi; Lacrimis vix illa retentis
+        'Me miseram cur te,' dixit 'amare pudet?'"
+
+  [Footnote 2: [See Panzer's _Annales Typog._, vol. vii. p. 335.]]
+
+The obvious reason for doubting _ex facie_ that this is the Queen's
+composition, is its masculine character; but some of your many learned
+correspondents may be able to say whether the verses are to be found
+elsewhere, and attributed to any other author?
+
+I myself have not seen the volume for above fifty years; but the
+foregoing extracts have been furnished me by a friend who lately
+examined it. One curious particular, however, I remember. The capital
+letters at the head of the several divisions of the work are, after the
+manner of the time, ornamented with _devices_, and one of these, which
+Queen Mary _must_ have seen (if _she_, indeed, wrote the MS. notes), is
+of a most grotesque character, totally unfit for a lady's, or indeed for
+any body's eye; and I dare say _that_ page was not exhibited in 1849.
+
+    C.
+
+
+Minor Queries Answered.
+
+_Meaning of Farlieu._--Devonshire leases for lives often reserve a money
+payment on the death of each life as a "heriot" or "farlieu." Can you
+inform me of the etymology and meaning of the latter word? it appears
+almost synonymous with "heriot."
+
+    CLERICUS.
+
+  [Bailey, in his _Dictionary_, says "_Farleu_ or _Farley_ is a duty
+  of sixpence paid to the lord of the manor of West Slapton in
+  Devonshire, in the western parts; _farleu_ being distinguished as
+  the best good thing from _heriot_ the best beast."]
+
+"_History of Anglesey._"--I would be glad if any of your readers can
+afford me any information regarding the writer of a work bearing the
+following title:--
+
+  "A History of the Island of Anglesey, from its first Invasion by
+  the Romans, until finally acceded to the Crown of England, &c.
+  Serving as a Supplement to Rowlands' Mona Antiqua Restaurata. To
+  which are also added, Memoirs of Owen Glendower, 4to. Lond. 1775,
+  pp. 88."
+
+Watt, in his _Bibliotheca Britannica_, ascribes to Dr. John Campbell,
+author of a _Political Survey of Great Britain_, &c., &c., the
+authorship of a little world entitled--
+
+  "A true and exact Description of the Island of Shetland, &c.
+  Together with an account of the Great White Herring Fishery of
+  that place, 12 mo. Lond. 1750, and 2d ed. 1753."
+
+In the preface the writer states that he spent five years in Shetland.
+Now I want to know if Dr. Campbell ever spent five years in Shetland;
+for if not, he could not be the author, though it would appear from vol.
+i. p. 679. of the _Political Survey_ that he had at least visited
+Shetland more than once. Also, as I have only the second edition, if any
+one would be so kind as to give me a copy of the title-page of the first
+edition, and the number of pages, I would feel obliged, as I suspect
+that in both these respects the editions differ.
+
+    Βορεας.
+
+  [The following is a copy of the title-page of the first edition of
+  the latter work:--"An Exact and Authentic Account of the greatest
+  White Herring Fishery in Scotland, carried on yearly in the Island
+  of Zetland, by the Dutch only. The Method the Dutch use in
+  catching the Herrings, and an exact account of their way of
+  curing, and lasting, or casking them. And a Method laid down
+  whereby we may easily engross that profitable branch of trade into
+  our own hands. To which is prefixed a Description of the Island,
+  its situation, produce, the manners and customs of the
+  inhabitants, and their method of trading with the Dutch. By a
+  Gentleman who resided Five Years on the Island. London: Printed
+  for Joseph Davidson, at the Angel, in the Poultry, 1750." Pp. 34,
+  and a Preface to the Candid Reader of three pages.]
+
+_The Word "Rile."_--May I add to the _East-Anglian Vocabulary_ the
+adjective _rile_ = muddy? "The water is too _rile_ to drink" was the
+remark of a servant the other day. The verb _to rile_ is given in
+Forby's _Vocabulary_.
+
+    CHARLES THIRIOLD.
+
+  [Is not _rile_ a corruption of the American colloquialism _royle_
+  or _roil_, to make turbid by stirring up the sediment, or to make
+  angry? Theodore de la Guard, in _The Simple Cobler of Aggawam_, p.
+  2. A.D. 1647, says: "Sathan is now in his passions, he feeles his
+  passion approaching: he loves to fish in _royled_ waters."]
+
+
+
+
+Replies.
+
+
+WINCHESTER EXECUTION.
+
+(Vol. iv., pp. 191. 243. 284.)
+
+The pathetic story of a person sentenced to death for sheep-stealing,
+winning the heart of the gaoler by a long course of good conduct, and
+executed at last on the "death-warrant" being found in the office, is
+utterly apocryphal. There has not been such a thing as a death-warrant
+in England for centuries, except in London and Middlesex (where the
+recorder communicated the pleasure of the crown to _spare_ certain
+prisoners, and leave others to their fate, in an instrument improperly
+so called), and in the special case referred to hereafter. It was
+necessary, when sentence was pronounced by Commissioners of Oyer and
+Terminer, that a precept under their hands and seals should be made out;
+but in the case of Commissioners of Gaol Delivery the entry on record of
+the judgement of the court is sufficient; and though a calendar is now
+made out, and delivered to the sheriff, specifying the several
+sentences or acquittals of all the prisoners in gaol, yet it is not
+necessary. Lord Hale says:
+
+  "_Rolle_ would never subscribe any such calendar, but would
+  command the sheriff openly in court to take notice of the
+  judgments and orders of what kind soever, and command the sheriff
+  to execute them at his peril."
+
+And, until a few years ago (when the law requiring murderers to be
+executed the day next but one after sentence was repealed), murderers
+were executed on verbal authority only, as no calendar was made out
+until the close of the assizes, some time after the execution. The
+special case above referred to is, when a person was tried by the Court
+of Peers before the Lord High Steward, in which case that officer issued
+a precept for execution. But if the trial be in parliament, a writ for
+execution issues under the Great Seal, as in the case of Lord William
+Russell.
+
+Having demolished one story, I feel bound to give you another.
+
+The Crown never directs execution, but respites it either to a day
+fixed, or during her Majesty's pleasure, which last is what is commonly
+called a _reprieve_. A late learned Baron is said to have respited an
+unlucky criminal on whose fate he hesitated, once, twice, thrice, till,
+having lost his reckoning, he wrote to this effect:
+
+  "I do not know whether John Smith's respite has expired; if it
+  has, it is no matter; if not, let the execution be further
+  respited until the ---- day of ---- next."
+
+    A. B.
+
+I have seen in an Exeter paper an article taken from "NOTES AND
+QUERIES," entitled "Execution under singular Circumstances," the writer
+of which is in manifest error. There is no such thing as a warrant for
+execution; I will venture to say it could not have happened as is
+therein stated. I have been repeatedly undersheriff of Devon, and
+therefore beg to state the mode in which executions take place.
+
+At the end of the assizes the crown-bar judge and the clerk of assize
+sit down quietly together, and go over the sentences of the prisoners,
+after which they are classed, and a fair copy signed by the clerk of the
+assize--not the judge--is delivered to the undersheriff, which is his
+only authority for carrying the different sentences into execution. If a
+man is to be hung, opposite his name is written, "Let him be hanged by
+the neck," and an asterisk is added to draw the undersheriff's
+attention. Should the man afterwards be respited, the judge, or the
+clerk of assize, writes to the undersheriff, and also (_ex abundanti
+cautelâ_) to the gaoler, to say so. Should the undersheriff hear nothing
+further, he hangs the man at the end of the respite, as a matter of
+course. A reprieve comes from the secretary of state's office. At the
+end of the shrievalty this list of sentences is sent to the Court of
+Exchequer, as forming part of what is called the Bill of Cravings, and
+in which the sheriff is allowed a certain sum towards the expenses of
+the execution. What may be the practice in _London_ I do not know, but
+the above would be the practice at Winchester.
+
+    P. J.
+
+  Exeter, Sept. 15. 1851.
+
+
+COCKNEY.
+
+(Vol. iv., p. 237.)
+
+Halliwell illustrates this word by a quotation from Nash's _Pierce
+Penilesse_, 1592:
+
+  "A young heyre or _cockney_, that is his mother's darling, if hee
+  playde the waste-good at the innes of the court, or about London,
+  falles in a quarrelling humor with his fortune, because she made
+  him not king of the Indies."
+
+Richardson gives the following quotation from Fuller's _Worthies_:
+
+  "I meet with a double sense of this word _cockeney_.... 1st, One
+  coaks'd or cockered, made a wanton or nestle-cock of.... 2nd, One
+  utterly ignorant of husbandry and housewifery, such as is
+  practised in the country...."
+
+Webster gives the following derivation, &c.:
+
+  "COCKNEY, _n._ [Most probably from L. _coquina_, a kitchin, or
+  _coquino_, to cook; Fr. _coquin_, idle; Fr. _cocagne_, It.
+  _cuccagna_, an imaginary country of idleness and luxury....
+  Hence, a citizen who leads an idle life, or never leaves the
+  city.]
+
+  "1. A native of London, by way of contempt. _Watts. Shak._
+
+      "'And yet I say by my soul I have no salt bacon
+      Ne no _cokeney_ by Christe coloppes to make.'
+
+      "'At that feast were they served in rich array;
+      Every five and five had a _cokeney_.'"
+
+Chaucer, in the above lines quoted by Webster, probably refers to any
+substantial dish of fresh meat, which might be cut in collops; possibly,
+however, to young roasted pigs, which, as every one knows, are
+continually running about, all over the land of cockaigne, with knives
+and forks stuck into them, crying, "Come eat me, come eat me."
+
+Whether the word cockney be derived from the the land of cockaigne, or
+the legend of cockaigne arise from cockney, it appears probable that
+both words have their origin in the same root with the verb _to cook_,
+and that the epithet originally conveyed the imputation to citizens, of
+a superfluous consumption of cooked meat; inasmuch as the inhabitants of
+large cities generally consider the daily use of fresh meat almost as a
+necessary of life, while the provincial population is content to exist
+on less nutritious food.
+
+Whatever may be the original import of the epithet, the modern
+application of it is, I believe, confined to the natives of the
+metropolis, and it corresponds in use and signification with the terms
+_rustic_ and _chaw-bacon_, which distinguish the natives of the
+provinces; the latter term being exclusively appropriated to
+agriculturalists. Epithets, apparently of similar origin, exist in the
+seaman's _land-lubber_, the landsman's _jack-tar_, the Englishman's
+_froggy_, and the Frenchman's _ros-bif_.
+
+Londoners themselves appear to have a theoretical notion that the
+inhabitants of Belgravia, and other enlightened metropolitan districts,
+are strictly entitled to the designation _cockney_, in virtue of their
+birth and residence within the sound of Bow-bells; but practically limit
+its application to those members of the lower, and more ignorant classes
+of the community, who traditionally retain some of the obsolete idioms,
+and other peculiarities of speech, of our Anglo-Saxon forefathers.
+
+    A LONDONER.
+
+
+SIR EDMUND PLOWDEN OR PLOYDEN.
+
+(Vol. iv., p. 58.)
+
+For the information of your correspondent A TRANSATLANTIC READER, I beg
+to inform him that Sir Edmund Plowden or Ployden was 2nd son of Francis
+Plowden of Plowden, Salop, and Shiplake in Berks: a family which can
+claim its descent from the Saxon kings of England; and by a Saxon
+charter, granting lands in Salop to the family, that the family had
+large estates in that remote period. The Saxon derivation of the name
+(from the Saxon _Plean deen_, or kill the Dane) alone shows the great
+antiquity of the family; and there are few, if any, families in England
+who have retained their ancestral property so direct in the male line as
+this family. It is also connected with some of the oldest and noblest
+families in England--the Howards and Staffords are allied to this family
+by intermarriages. In the reign of Richard I. Sir Roger de Plowden was a
+crusader; and for his heroic conduct at the siege of Acre, was knighted,
+and also permitted by the king to bear on his shield the royal arms, the
+_fleur de lis_, which is retained to this day. In 9 Edward II., John de
+Plowden was by parliamentary writ, signed at Clopstow 5th March, called
+to parliament as one of the lords of the township of Plowden, Salop.
+Edmund Plowden, the great lawyer in Edw. VI. and Elizabeth's reigns, who
+was in those times called the oracle of the law, was enrolled among
+Fuller's _Worthies of England_, with Camden's Latin verses on him: "Vitæ
+integritati inter homines suæ professionis nulli secundus."
+
+He was offered by Elizabeth, whose autograph letter was until recently
+in the possession of the family, the Lord Chancellorship of England,
+with a peerage, if he would give up his creed as Catholic and turn
+Protestant; which he declined, preferring to abide by his moral
+convictions of the truthfulness of what he deemed his faith to worldly
+honour and aggrandisement. Sir Edmund died at Wanstead, county of
+Southampton, in 1659; and in possession of large estates in eleven
+parishes in England, besides his American province of New Albion. To
+each of these parishes he leaves by his will of 1655 a sum of money to
+be paid "eight days after his demise, and directs to be buried in the
+chapel of the Plowdens at Lydbury, in Salop; a stone monument, with an
+inscription in brass bearing the names of his children, and another with
+his _correct pedigree_ as drawn out at his house in Wanstead." He
+appears to have gone to America about the year 1620, and remained there,
+in Virginia and New England, till about 1630. While there, his sister
+Ann was married to Sir Arthur Lake, son of Sir Thomas Lake, then
+Secretary of State to James I.; and through whose influence, we presume,
+on his return to England he was introduced to the great Lord Strafford,
+with whom it is believed he proceeded to Ireland; for in the Heralds'
+Visitation of Salop, 1632, (_vide_ Sims' _H. Vist._, Brit. Mus.), he is
+entered in the Plowden pedigree as being then in Ireland. By the
+Strafford State Papers it appears that in this year he made petition to
+Charles I. through Lord Strafford, then Lieut. and Capt.-General of
+Ireland, for the colonising of New Albion:--
+
+  "Near the continent of Virginia, sixty leagues N. from James City,
+  without the Bay of Chesapeake, there is a habitable and fruitful
+  island, named Isle Plowden, otherwise Long Isle, with other small
+  isles between 30° and 40° of lat., about sixty leagues from the
+  main, near De la Warre Bay, where Your Majesty, nor any of your
+  Progenitors, were ever possessed of any estate, &c ... to enable
+  the petitioners, their heirs and assigns, for ever to enjoy the
+  said Isle, and forty leagues square of the adjoining continent, as
+  in the nature of a County Palatine or Body Politick, by the name
+  of New Albion, to be held of your Majesty's Crown of Ireland,
+  exempt from all appeal to the Governor of Virginia, and with such
+  other additions, privileges, and dignities therein, to be given to
+  Sir Edmund Plowden, like has been heretofore granted to Sir George
+  Calvert, Knight, late Lord Calvert, in Newfoundland, together with
+  the usual grants and privileges that other Colonies have for
+  governing, &c., and we agree to settle with 500 inhabitants."
+
+The king's warrant was given at Oatlands 24th July, 1632, granting the
+whole asked for, under the Great Seal of Ireland, signed by John Coke.
+Between this period and 1634, Sir Edmund was engaged in fulfilling the
+conditions of the warrant by carrying out the colonisation by
+indentures, which were executed and enrolled in Dublin, and St. Mary's
+in Maryland in America. In Dublin the parties were Viscount Musherry,
+100 planters; Lord Monson, 100 planters; Sir Thomas Denby, 100 planters;
+Captain Clayborne (of American notoriety) 50; Captain Balls; and
+amounting in all to 540 colonisers, beside others in Maryland,
+Virginia, and New England. The parties who joined in the petition were
+Sir John Lawrence, Knight and Baronet, who died in America; Sir Bowyer
+Worstley, Knight, and Charles Barrett, Esq.,--both died there in 1634;
+George Noble, Gent., Thomas Ribread, Roger Packe, William Inwood, and
+John Trustler. Having completed the conditions he was granted a charter,
+bearing date Oatlands, 21st June, 1634; and enrolled in Dublin in 17
+pages folio; and confirmed 24th July, 1634, in the eighth year of the
+reign of Charles I., running thus:
+
+  "And according to the tenour and effect of certain of our letters,
+  signed with our proper hand, and sealed with our seal now enrolled
+  in the Rolls of our Chancery of the said Kingdom of Ireland, We
+  have given, granted, and confirmed, and by this our present
+  Charter, for Us, our heirs, and successors, do give, grant, and
+  confirm such the before said Sir Edmund Plowden, Knight, his heirs
+  and assigns, for ever, all that entire island near the continent
+  of Terra Firma of North Virginia, called the Island of Plowden, or
+  Long Island, and lying near and between the 39° and 40° of N.
+  lat.; together with part of the continent or Terra Firma aforesaid
+  near adjoining, described to begin from the point of an angle of a
+  certain promontory called Cape Cod, from thence to the westward
+  for the space of 40°, running by the river Delaware, closely
+  following its course by the N. lat. into a certain rivulet there
+  arising from a spring of Lord Baltimore in the lands of Maryland,
+  and the summit aforesaid to the south, where it touches, joins,
+  and determines in all its breadth, from thence takes its course
+  into a square leading to the north by a right line for the space
+  of 40° to the river and port of Reachu Cod, and descends to a
+  savannah, touching and including the top of Sand Bay, where it
+  determines, and from thence towards the south by a square,
+  stretching to a savannah which passes by and washes the shores of
+  the Plowden aforesaid to the point of the promontory of Cape May
+  above mentioned, and determines where it begins." And p. 4.
+  continues: "Therefore We, for Us, our heirs, and successors, do
+  give unto the aforesaid Sir Edmund Plowden, and his heirs and
+  assigns, free and full power graciously to confer favours and
+  honours upon the well-deserving citizens and inhabitants within
+  the _province aforesaid with whatever titles and dignities_ he
+  shall choose to decorate them with (in such a manner as they may
+  but now be usurped in England), and to cut and stamp different
+  pieces of gold such as shall be lawful, current, and acceptable to
+  all the inhabitants; and We command all, and enjoin other things
+  to be done in the premises which to him or them shall be seen to
+  be proper, in as free and ample a manner and form as by the
+  Society of Newfoundland and East Indies, Island of Bermuda, Bishop
+  of Durham within the Bishoprick or County Palatine of Durham; or
+  Lord Baltimore within his lands and premises of Maryland and
+  Glastonbury; or James Earl of Carlisle within the island of St.
+  Christopher and Barbadoes; or any other Governor or Founder of a
+  Colony."
+
+In fact, the powers granted were never exceeded by any former charter of
+the Crown: they were all but regal. Under this charter a lease, enrolled
+in Dublin, was granted by Lord Plowden in 1634 to Sir Thomas Danby for
+10,000 acres, and a release, dated 20th Dec. 1634, sealed and signed at
+St. Mary's, Maryland, and witnessed by Vall Havord and Richard Benham,
+by R. Packe for 200 acres; T. Ribread, 100; W. Inwood, 100; and John
+Trustler, 100; segregating 500 acres in trust for the "Earl of Albion,
+when they deliver up their claims or trusts in consideration for this
+grant of land; and confirmed unto Lord Francis Plowden, son and heir of
+Sir Edmund Plowden, Earl Palatine, and George and Thomas Plowden, two of
+the sons of the said Sir Edmund, Earl Palatine." Sir Edmund Plowden
+resided with his wife and family as Governor of New Albion six years;
+his eldest son, Francis, and Lady Plowden, returned to England to look
+after his father's estates in his absence: but Francis so abused the
+confidence reposed in him, as to oblige the Governor to return to
+England (leaving his sons George and Thomas as his _locum tenens_). On
+his arrival he was incarcerated in the Fleet Prison on a base charge
+emanating from his son, from which he was released by order of the
+_Peers Committee_, House of Lords; and likewise involved in a lawsuit to
+recover certain estates sold by his son, which cost him 15,000_l._
+before he was clear. This unnatural and illegal conduct induced him to
+disinherit his son Francis; for, in the 15th of Charles I., 1st June,
+1646, Sir Edmund obtained license from the Crown to alienate from his
+son the manors of Wanstead, Southwick, and many others in the county of
+Southampton, as is enrolled in the Rolls Chapel. By his will, in the
+Prerogative Court of Canterbury, London, Sir Wm. Mason was in trust for
+Sir Edmund's second son and heir, Thomas Plowden; and also for the New
+Albion colony. And the will proceeds:
+
+  "And I think it fit that my English lands and estates shall be
+  settled and united to my Honor, County Palatine, and Province of
+  New Albion, for the maintenance of the same; and again, that all
+  my lease lands in England be sold with all convenient speed by my
+  executors and overseers herein named, and with the money arising
+  therefrom to buy good freehold, to be settled and entailed as the
+  rest of my lands are settled on my second son Thomas Plowden, and
+  the heirs male of his body lawfully begotten, or to be begotten;
+  also my County Palatine of New Albion, and Peerage as a Peer of
+  Ireland, as aforesaid, unto Thomas Plowden my son during his
+  natural life, and after his decease, to the heirs male of my son
+  Thomas, begotten or to be begotten; and again, I do enter and will
+  that my son Thomas Plowden, and, after his decease _his eldest
+  heir_ in male, and, if he be under age, then his guardian, with
+  all speed after my decease do employ by consent of Sir William
+  Mason of Gray's Inn, Knight, whom I make a trustee of this my
+  plantation of New Albion; and if my son Thomas shall by fail,
+  defence, loose, agree, give, or alien any part of my estates,
+  lands, or rents in England to Francis my son, or his issue, then
+  my son shall forfeit and lose to _his eldest_ son all lands and
+  estates and rents in England herein settled, entailed, or given
+  him, and to be forfeited during his life."
+
+George either died, or was killed, in the massacres by the Indians; as
+was also Francis, third son of Thomas, along with his wife and family,
+as alluded to in his father's will, dated 1698.
+
+These attacks on the infant colony were instigated by the Dutch and
+Swedes of the New Netherlands, as they called New Albion, and who did
+all they could to obstruct and thwart the Earl Palatine's plans, as is
+alluded to in _The Theatre of the Empire of Great Britain_: Speed and
+Basset, 1676, dedicated to James I.; and recommended as a most authentic
+work by Sir Richard St. George, Norroy King of Arms.
+
+  "Moreover these proceedings, upon complaint made to his late
+  Majesty, and by whom represented to the State of Holland, were
+  absolutely disowned by them, and wholly laid upon the East India
+  Company of Amsterdam. The most northerly part towards New England
+  was by his Majesty granted by patent to Sir Edmund Plowden, by the
+  name of New Albion. The most southerly towards Virginia to Sir
+  George Calvert, now Lord Baltimore, by the name of Maryland. The
+  Dutch, upon some consideration agreed on, were forthwith to have
+  quitted the place; yet, for all this, as the custom of this people
+  is never to let go any opportunity that serves their turn, whether
+  by right or wrong, they took advantage of the unhappy dissentions
+  and cruel wars that soon after happened within this nation: they
+  not only stood upon higher demands than was at first agreed on,
+  but also contrived to stir up the natives against the English,
+  that they might have the better opportunity of fixing themselves.
+  In this state things remained till his present Majesty, after his
+  restoration, resolved to send three ships of war."
+
+Charles II. most tyrannically, privately, without sanction from
+Parliament, and without even alluding to his father's charter to Sir
+Edmund Plowden, gave a charter of the Province to his brother James, at
+the same time creating him Duke of Albany. Before James was duly clothed
+with the powers of Governor, he sold a large portion of it to Lord
+Berkely for 65,000_l._ For years afterwards, the Duke of York's title
+was disputed, and many disturbances arose, and Chancery suits, as
+entered in the American chancery suits of that period. Lord Sutherland,
+as the colonial officer, disputed the validity of the Duke's claim. A
+greater act of injustice could hardly be perpetrated than this virtual
+abrogation of the original charter, after so many years of labour had
+been expended, charges incurred, loss of estates and relations, and the
+other evils attending planting this colony which absence from England
+gave rise to. Sir Edmund Plowden was not inferior to any of his
+co-governors in ability, fortune, position, or family. Though he made a
+greater sacrifice than any, he never received the slightest compensation
+like the other early colonisers. We conclude that family dissentions
+connected with the disinheritance of Francis Plowden, must have tended
+to facilitate Charles II.'s illegal conduct; for, in Thomas Plowden's
+Will, 1698, in the Prerogative Court of Canterbury, he alludes to his
+son-in-law, Walter Hall, illegally and forcibly retaining papers
+connected with the estates: Province of New Albion Charter, the Patent
+for the Peerage of Ireland. The first cousin of the disinherited son was
+a Col. Plowden of the Life Guards, who followed James II.'s fortunes,
+and accompanied him on his leaving England, and died as his chamberlain
+at St. Germains in France. These documents may have come into his hands,
+and have been lost in France. It is quite clear that the only estate
+which came to Thomas's eldest son James of Ewhurst was Lassam in
+Southampton, and his son James also held it; he was married to Sarah
+Chichely, daughter of Sir John Chichely, son of Sir Henry Chichely,
+formerly Governor of Virginia, the lineal descendant of Thomas, Lord
+Mayor of London, and brother of Archbishop Chichely, founder of All
+Souls, Oxford. This family is now extinct in the male, but still exist
+in the female line in the Plowden family, which is the nearest of kin of
+any family, and consequently has a stronger claim to the Fellowships of
+that college as founder's kin. There can be no question but that the
+family have a legal claim against the government for the unjust
+alienation of that province to James II.; but the loss of the charter,
+and the ignorance of the family that it was enrolled in Ireland (now
+found), prevented the heir and representative of Sir Edmund from
+claiming compensation. Nothing but an act of parliament can nullify the
+sacred rights of a charter; if it were not so, no public or private
+right would be safe a day. As to his peerage, it was litigated at the
+time, and decided in his favour; but the Commonwealth did not favour the
+restoration of titles granted by Charles I., and on the Restoration, Sir
+Edmund's papers were lost to those to whom they would have been useful.
+Notwithstanding the sarcastic and bad spirit in which Beauchamp
+Plantagenet's _New Albion_ of 1648 was reviewed by Mr. Pennington of
+Philadelphia, I trust that the Americans will treat the early pioneer of
+one of the best portions of America in a more liberal spirit, and do
+justice to his memory. We have now no new worlds to discover; and the
+present race of men can hardly appreciate the labours, dangers, and
+hardships our first colonisers had to endure--but they however know the
+value of their exertions. They have secured for America one of the
+finest countries in the world, which may one day be an empire of vast
+power. Its separation from the mother country was the greatest national
+calamity that ever befell her. How fatal has it been to France; first
+for abetting clandestinely the Americans against England, and at last
+throwing away the mask, openly assisting her with her arms. Since then,
+what calamities have befallen her, and may even yet befall her. Had we
+then, as Macaulay says, had a Clive at the head of our armies, and a
+Hastings in council, that separation might either have been deferred, or
+we might have parted friendly, instead of in enmity. Had I time to glean
+it, I have no doubt I could furnish much important matter connected with
+New Albion, derived from sources within my reach.
+
+    ALBION.
+
+P.S. There are two seals attached to Sir Edmund Plowden's Will; his
+private seal of the Plowdens, and his Earl's with supporters, signed
+"Albion:" the same as is given in Beauchamp Plantagenet's _New Albion_,
+1648 (King's Lib. B. Mus.).
+
+
+GENERAL JAMES WOLFE.
+
+(Vol. iv., p. 271.)
+
+He was born in a house now inhabited by the vicar, at Westerham, Kent,
+on the 2d of January, 1727, and not, as the various notices of his life
+state, the 15th of January, 1726 (see _Penny Cyclopædia_ and other
+works). His mother's Christian name was Henrietta, and she, I believe,
+came from or near Deptford, to which place in the latter years of her
+life, she again went to reside. Wolfe was an only child; the name is
+still to be found in the neighbourhood of Westerham. Shortly after his
+birth, his parents removed to a house at the extreme end of the town,--a
+picturesque mansion it is, and is named after him Quebec House. Under
+this roof Wolfe's happiest hours were spent.
+
+Sir Jeffrey Amherst (a native of the same valley, Holmsdale), patronised
+him, but where first engaged I never could discover. His body was
+brought to England, and interred at Greenwich; monuments were erected to
+him in Westminster Abbey, Squerries Park, Westerham, and Westerham
+Church. The inscription on the marble tablet, erected in the latter, I
+subjoin:--
+
+                            JAMES,
+      Son of Colonel Edward Wolfe, and Henrietta his Wife,
+              Was born in this parish, January 2d,
+                          MDCCXXVII.
+                And died in America, Sept. 19th,
+                          MDCCLIX.
+                    Conqueror of Quebec!
+
+      "Whilst George in sorrow bows his laurelled head,
+      And bids the artist grace the soldier dead;
+      We raise no sculptured trophy to thy name,
+      Brave youth! the fairest in the list of fame.
+      Proud of thy birth, we boast th' auspicious year,
+      Struck with thy fall, we shed a general tear,
+      With humble grief, inscribe one artless stone,
+      And from thy matchless honours date our own."
+
+His sword is preserved in the United Service Museum, and was engraved
+about two years since in the _Illustrated London News_. An old professed
+portrait of him dangles as the sign of a beer-shop in Westerham. Wolfe
+was ardently attached to Colonel Barré, whose portrait is introduced in
+West's celebrated picture of the Death of Wolfe; another head in the
+picture is, I have been told, a likeness of a person who had been
+captured by the Indians, and was about to be scalped, when his life was
+saved by the intercession of a chief Wolfe had formerly pardoned.
+
+Wolfe was the youngest general ever entrusted with such a responsible
+command; but his bravery, his great humanity, his love to his troops,
+and above all, his glorious death, will render his name immortal in the
+page of British history.
+
+    H. G. D.
+
+The inclosed lines were given to me some years since by an old lady, who
+stated that they came into her possession through some relatives of the
+lady to whom they were addressed. I now much regret that I did not hear
+(or if I heard it have forgotten) the lady's name. Perhaps in the last
+letter of the series now in the hands of [Ezh], some allusion may be
+found to one in whom the parting hero felt so deep an interest; at all
+events the lines may be acceptable to [Ezh] or others of your readers
+desirous for some further knowledge of the private life of this
+"faithful soldier." Might not the parish register of Westerham in Kent,
+the birthplace of Wolfe, _possibly_ supply his mother's maiden name, or
+some other particular as to his family connexions? His father, also
+_General_ Wolfe, may perhaps have distinguished himself in "the 45," but
+James Wolfe was then barely nineteen years of age, and I have never met
+with any allusion to his taking part in that campaign. His appointment
+to the American service is said to have been the result of his display
+of military talent in Germany.
+
+  LINES WRITTEN AT PORTSMOUTH BY GENERAL WOLFE, AND PRESENTED TO HIS
+  LADY THE EVENING BEFORE HIS EMBARKATION FOR THE SIEGE OF QUEBEC.
+
+      "At length too soon, dear creature,
+        Receive my fond adieu,
+      Thy pangs, oh Love, how bitter!
+        Thy joys how short, how few!
+      No more those eyes so killing,
+        The melting glance repeat,
+      Nor bosom gently swelling,
+        With love's soft tumults beat.
+
+      "I go where glory leads me,
+        And dangers point the way,
+      Though coward love upbraids me,
+        Stern honour bids obey.
+      'Tis honour's boasting stories,
+        My anxious fears reprove,
+      And point to wealth, fame, glories,
+        Ah, what are these to love?
+
+      "Two passions vainly pleading,
+        My beating heart divide,
+      Lo, there my country bleeding,
+        And _here_ my weeping bride.
+      But ah, thy faithful soldier,
+        Can true to either prove,
+      Fame fires my soul all over,
+        While every pulse beats love.
+
+      "Then think where'er I wander,
+        The sport of seas and wind,
+      No distance hearts can sunder,
+        Whom mutual truth has joined.
+      Kind heaven the brave requiting,
+        Shall safe thy love restore,
+      With raptures crown our meeting,
+        And joys ne'er felt before."
+
+        Poor Wolfe, but poorer bride!
+
+    YUNAF.
+
+I am enabled to reply to the third Query of [Ezh] from papers in my
+possession. Wolfe's commission as second lieutenant in his father's
+(Col. Edward Wolfe's) regiment of marines[3], is dated 3d November,
+1741; as ensign in Col. Scipio Duroure's regiment, 27th March, 1742; as
+lieutenant in the same regiment, 14th July, 1743; as adjutant in the
+same regiment, 22d July, 1743; as captain in Barrell's regiment, 23d
+June, 1744; as major in Lord George Sackville's regiment[4], 5th
+January, 1748-49; as lieut.-col. of the same regiment, 20th March,
+1749-50, and colonel by brevet, 21st Oct. 1757; colonel of the 67th
+regiment, 21st April, 1758; brigadier in America, 23d July, 1758; killed
+at siege of Quebec.
+
+  [Footnote 3: This regiment was afterwards numbered the 1st regiment.]
+
+  [Footnote 4: This regiment was afterwards numbered the 20th, and
+  then the 67th.]
+
+Wolfe's father, Edward Wolfe, was appointed brigadier-general, 25th
+April, 1745; major-general, 27th May, 1745, and lieut.-general, 30th
+Sept. 1747.
+
+If [Ezh] will communicate with me personally, I may be able to furnish
+him with some other information relating to Wolfe.
+
+    ROBERT COLE.
+
+The following memoranda from MSS. in my care, relative to this
+distinguished man, may, perhaps, be of use to your correspondent [Ezh].
+
+Feb. 1746, a petition (dated Feb. 1746) to the Duke of Bedford for his
+interference relative to the pay due to him as Inspector of Marines.
+
+Another letter, dated July 7, 1746, printed in the first volume of the
+_Bedford Correspondence_.
+
+Another letter, dated Feb. 16, 1747, on the same subject as the first.
+
+Another letter, dated Feb. 19, 1757, also printed in the _Bedford
+Correspondence_.
+
+Another letter, dated July 22, 1767, relative to his embarkation of a
+regiment in which he was lieut.-col.
+
+Another letter, dated Jan. 26, 1788, printed in the _Bedford
+Correspondence_.
+
+Copy of a letter to Lord George Sackville, dated Halifax, May 12.
+
+    W. A.
+
+Major-General Edward Wolfe resided in one of the villas in Montague
+Walk, on the west side of Greenwich Park; afterwards the residence of
+the Hon. Mr. Lyttelton, Henry Drax, Esq., Mr. Scott, and his widow.
+
+In the register book of St. Alphege in Greenwich occurs this entry:
+
+      "Major-Gen'l James Wolfe, buried Nov. 20th 1759."
+
+His body was brought to England from Quebec, and laid by the side of his
+father, Major-Gen. E. Wolfe, who was buried there on April 2, 1759.
+
+His mother's Christian name was Henrietta; she bequeathed 500_l_. to
+Bromley College at her death in 1765.
+
+The short sword worn by General Wolfe at the time of his death is in the
+United Service Institution in Scotland Yard. His military cloak is, I
+believe, kept in the Tower.
+
+    MACKENZIE WALCOTT, M.A.
+
+In the church of Westerham, the place of Wolfe's birth, as well as in
+Westminster Abbey, is a cenotaph. Is it well known who was the author of
+the pleasing lines inscribed at Westerham?
+
+      "While George in sorrow bows his laurel'd head."
+
+May I also ask whether the packet of autograph letters in the possession
+of your correspondent was ever shown to Southey, and whether an
+intention was not entertained by him, at one period, of writing a memoir
+of Wolfe? If these letters were unknown to Southey, I have strong
+reasons for believing that another collection of General Wolfe's letters
+exists. Would not your correspondent's collection or a selection from
+it, form a very interesting publication?
+
+    J. H. M.
+
+
+STANZAS IN CHILDE HAROLD.
+
+(Vol. iv., pp. 223. 285.)
+
+I am much obliged to your correspondents who have taken the trouble to
+answer my Query respecting the lines in _Childe Harold_; but I am sorry
+that you did not print one of the replies "at considerable length" to
+which you allude in your note to MR. CROSSLEY'S brief one: for MR.
+CROSSLEY'S settlement of the question will hardly, I think, appear so
+satisfactory to all readers as it evidently does to him. Will you allow
+me to explain the reasons for thinking so?
+
+In his opinion it is quite transparent that Lord Byron meant to say,
+speaking to the Ocean of its shores:
+
+      "Thy waters wasted them when they were free,
+      And many a tyrant since" (has wasted them).
+
+But in my former letter I quoted a German translator's version of the
+lines, and he did not understand them thus; and I have just referred to
+a French translator's, and he also differs from MR. CROSSLEY. In fact,
+his view of the matter so completely tallies with mine, that I will,
+with your permission, quote his words:
+
+  "Tes rivages sont des empires, où tout est changé, excepté toi.
+  Que sont devenus l'Assyrie, la Grèce, Rome, Carthage? Tes flots
+  battaient leurs frontières aux jours de la liberté, comme depuis
+  sous le règne de plus d'un tyran."
+
+This passage is taken from the complete translation of Lord Byron's
+Works, published at Paris in 1836, by M. Benjamin de Laroche, vol. i. p.
+754.
+
+M. de Laroche was no doubt led to form his opinion of the real meaning
+of these two lines from a careful consideration of those which
+immediately precede and immediately follow. The theme of the poet is the
+proud superiority of the ocean to human authority, and its insensibility
+to human vicissitude. He rebukes the haughty assumption that "Britannia
+rules the waves;" he refers in proof to the striking fact, that of the
+two most memorable tempests recorded in the naval history of Spain and
+England, the one aided our triumph, and the other tore the fruits of a
+triumph from us.
+
+      "The oak leviathans, whose huge ribs make
+      Their clay creator the proud title take
+      Of lord of thee, and arbiter of war,
+      These are thy toys, and, as the snowy flake,
+      They melt into thy yeast of waves, which mar
+      Alike the Armada's pride, or spoils of Trafalgar."
+
+And then he proceeds, according to my view of the passage, and according
+to the French translator's view, to point out, that while the shores of
+the ocean are changed, the action of the ocean continues the same; that
+it wasted the empires of the ancient world when they were free, and
+wasted them when they fell under the sway of tyrants:
+
+      "Thy shores are empires, changed in all save thee--
+      Assyria, Greece, Rome, Carthage, what are they?
+      Thy waters wasted them while they were free,
+      And many a tyrant since their shores obey."
+
+Here there seems to be a logical sequence, which is surely not to be
+found if the semicolon is kept, as MR. CROSSLEY wishes to keep it, after
+the word "since."
+
+      "Thy waters wasted them while they were free,
+      And many a tyrant since;"
+
+meaning, as he declares, that many a tyrant since has wasted them. There
+may be grammatical construction here, but what becomes of the meaning?
+The direct force of the words would surely be, that the ocean was in the
+habit of ravaging its shores in times of liberty, but that it left off
+when the tyrants began. I suppose it will be admitted that this is not
+exactly what the poet wished to convey. To his real meaning it will, I
+hope, be allowed to be essential that the statement should be made, that
+the ocean's ravages continue; and if this is not done in the fourth
+line, it is done nowhere,--the chain of reasoning is left without a
+link. To say that the ocean wasted empires once, and tyrants did it
+afterwards, is as little to the purpose as it would have been to say, in
+the preceding stanza, that the ocean destroyed the Armada, but that
+Nelson won Trafalgar. The lines become incoherent.
+
+I beg pardon for trespassing so long on your attention; but the question
+seems to have excited some interest, and I think the occasion may plead
+my excuse.
+
+    T. W.
+
+There is no occasion to say any more on the subject of T. W.'s doubts
+(Vol. iv., p. 223.) as to the construction of certain lines in the 182nd
+stanza: but his remarks on the substitution of the word _gush'd_ for
+_rush'd_, in the 141st stanza, induce me to offer a suggestion, or
+rather ask a Query, with respect to a word in another stanza (180th) of
+the same canto, which I shall quote entire.
+
+      "His steps are not upon thy paths--thy fields
+      Are not a spoil for him,--thou dost arise
+      And shake him from thee; the vile strength he wields
+      For earth's destruction thou dost all despise,
+      Spurning him from thy bosom to the skies;
+      And send'st him, shivering in thy playful spray
+      And howling, to his Gods, where haply lies
+      His petty hope in some near port or bay,
+      And dashest him again to earth:--there let him lay."
+
+The blot which disfigures the last line of this fine stanza, in the use
+of the word _lay_ for _lie_, has, I believe, been often observed; but
+the question I wish to throw out for the consideration of your readers
+is, whether it is quite certain that Lord Byron really wrote, or
+intended to write, the word _lay_. The following reasons appear to me to
+render it improbable that he did. 1. His lordship is admittedly, I
+believe, a great master of the English language, and would therefore be
+very unlikely to commit the somewhat vulgar blunder of writing _lay_ for
+_lie_, whatever might be the requirements of the rhyme. 2. This
+improbability is rendered much stronger by his having used the word
+_lies_ in the line next but one preceding; and therefore his attention
+could hardly have been averted from the distinction between the two
+words. 3. Though not professing to be a critic, it does appear to me
+that the sense itself of the line (taking the word _lay_ in the sense of
+_lie_) is weak and unmeaning, or at least far from worthy of the former
+part of the stanza.
+
+I am not perhaps bound to offer any emendation of the line, but in
+default of anything better I will venture to suggest that his lordship
+may have written, or intended to write, the word _pray_ as the
+concluding word of the stanza. The sense, with _pray_ instead of _lay_,
+would not, in my judgment, be inferior to that of the line in its
+present form; nor would it be in itself inappropriate, as allusion has
+just been made to man being sent "howling to his gods;" and, at all
+events, by the adoption of _pray_, an almost unpardonable grammatical
+error is avoided.
+
+    PRISCIAN.
+
+I cannot agree with T. W. as to the stanza quoted from the Hymn to the
+Ocean.
+
+      "Thy waters wasted them while they were free,
+      And many a tyrant since" (has wasted them),
+
+is very good sense, and much more Byronic than the cacophonous inversion
+T. W. proposes.
+
+_Blackwood's_ criticism of this hymn (probably by the Professor) is not
+at all too severe. Noble as are some parts of it, it is full of
+cockneyisms and platitudes. What can be worse than
+
+      "There let him _lay_."
+
+Again:
+
+      "Roll on, thou deep and dark blue ocean, roll!"
+
+is most magnificent in its sonorous march: but the next line is equally
+absurd:
+
+      "Ten thousand fleets sweep over thee _in vain_!"
+
+_In vain!_ Why, did not Columbus discover a world? Did not Nelson make
+England's fame eternal? Do not our tea, coffee, wine, and cotton cross
+the surging seas?
+
+As to the "Gladiator" stanza, nobody can doubt that _rushed_ is the
+right and most poetic reading. _Rush_ is a strong word: _gush_ a weak
+one, much hackneyed by neoteric poetasters. Byron never used _gush_ in
+such a sense. Thoughts do not _gush_, though blood and water may. I
+therefore venture to differ from T. W. and his two illustrious friends.
+
+    MORTIMER COLLINS.
+
+The difficulty which your correspondent T. W. finds in Lord Byron's
+celebrated Address to the Ocean is occasioned by his having taken up a
+wrong notion of the construction at the first reading; and the solution
+of his perplexity is so obvious, when this is once pointed out, that it
+must have already occurred to many of your readers, and very probably,
+by this time, to T. W. himself. The lines that puzzle him are--
+
+      "Thy waters wasted them while they were free,
+      And many a tyrant since; their shores obey
+      The stranger, slave, or savage."
+
+"What!" exclaims T. W., "The waters wasted many a tyrant? How, in the
+name of wonder?" How indeed! Probably more readers at once caught the
+sense:--
+
+      "_Thy waters_ wasted them while they were free
+      And many _a tyrant_ since--_has wasted them_."
+
+The word "wasted" is used in a somewhat different sense in the two
+cases, but this is the price of the antithesis; and the result follows,
+that their shores _now_ obey the stranger, the slave, or the savage, as
+exemplified in Greece, Asia and Africa respectively. And here we may
+observe, that the writer in _Blackwood's Magazine_, whom T. W. quotes,
+and who thinks the ocean appealed to is the world's ocean, and not the
+Mediterranean, has been just as blind to the train of thought in the
+other part as T. W. in this.
+
+But in the way of doing something beyond the solution of this particular
+obscurity, so far as there is any, I would remark, that Byron's efforts
+at concentration and point not unfrequently give rise to an obscurity of
+this kind; which for a moment produces a perplexity that seems laughable
+as soon as the true sense occurs to us. For instance, on first reading
+these verses in the _Corsair_,--
+
+      "Be the edge sharpen'd of my boarding brand,
+      And give its guard more room to fix my hand.
+      This let the armourer with speed dispose;
+      Last time, it more fatigued my arm than foes:"
+
+I exclaimed, like T. W., "What! his sword _fatigued_ his foes? What a
+most absurd expression! To be sure, one may imagine that when Conrad was
+killing his enemies one after another without stopping, they would say,
+What a _tiresome_ man he is! but this does not seem to be in the vein of
+the narration." And then, reading the passage again, and considering
+that the pirate complains of the guard of his sword being too narrow, I
+saw plainly that, with whatever damage to the rhythm, the verse was to
+be read--
+
+      "Last time, _it_ more fatigued my arm than _foes_" (did).
+
+My sword, by its not fitting to my hand, fatigued my arm more than all
+the resistance that foes could offer.
+
+I will give another example of the same kind, again taken from the
+Pirate. In the enthusiastic description of a ship, he says:
+
+      "Who would not brave the battle-fire--the wreck--
+      To move the monarch of her peopled deck?"
+
+"Who?" I exclaimed; "but who wants to move him? This monarch is, I
+suppose, the captain; but why should men in general wish to move _him_?"
+I suppose most of your readers see at the first what I saw at the second
+glance, that Byron meant "to move _as_ the monarch of this deck," that
+is, to be the captain.
+
+If I have satisfied T. W. and the rest of your readers of the
+construction of the first passage, I have, I think, also shown that the
+tendency to such transient mistakes in reading Byron is not uncommon.
+
+    W. W.
+
+  Cambridge, Oct. 10. 1851.
+
+
+Replies to Minor Queries.
+
+_MS. Note in a Copy of Liber Sententiarum_ (Vol. iv., pp. 188.
+282.).--For the information of W. S. W. I beg to notify that the
+"mundane era" quoted by him is the Septuagint era of Venerable Bede,
+who, in his chronology of the world, uses two eras; one of which he
+calls "juxta Hebraicam veritatem," the other, "juxta septuaginta
+interpretes."
+
+He makes the concurrence of these with A.D. 1, at the birth of Christ,
+to be respectively as follows:--
+
+      A.M. 3952.      A.M. Sep. 5300.      A.D. 1.
+
+The two latter, as W. S. W. will perceive, are exactly in the same
+relation as those in the MS. note.
+
+I should also suggest that "S" may be the initial in the writer's name,
+and not "T": in which case "[q=]. T." probably signifies "quam tribuit."
+
+    A. E. B.
+
+P.S.--Upon a second reference to the communication of W. S. W. I find
+that the above dates _are not_ consistent with those quoted by him, but
+differ by exactly a hundred years: that this should be the exact
+difference is very singular, and would lead me to suspect that there
+might have been a mistake in transcription, were it not that in his
+smaller work Bede has this sentence:
+
+  "Hujus anno Dominus nascitur, completis ab Adam annis
+  3952.--_Juxta alios_, 5199."
+
+_Naturalis proles_ (Vol. iv., p. 161.).--Undoubtedly in Latin
+_naturalis_ is opposed to "adopted;" _e.g._ "P. Scipio ... _naturalis_
+consulis Paulli, _adoptione_ Africani nepos." (Livy, xliv. 44.) I
+stumbled some time ago upon the following:
+
+  "The Act of Settlement by which Napoleon, Emperor of France, was
+  declared King of Italy, with the right of succession to his sons
+  _natural_ or _adopted_, and male heirs.... He declared that he
+  accepted, and would defend, the iron crown; and that even during
+  his lifetime he would consent to separate the two crowns, and
+  place one of his _natural_ or _adopted_ sons upon the
+  throne."--Alison's _History_, chap. xxxix. §§ 38, 39.
+
+I have no means of ascertaining whether this is a literal rendering from
+the French document. If I may trust my _Dictionnaire de l'Académie_,
+this sense of the word is unknown to the French language, as well as to
+ours.
+
+    CHARLES THIRIOLD.
+
+_Print cleaning_ (Vol. iv., p. 175.).--The following method is given as
+infallible by Mr. Stannard in the _Art-Union_ for 1847, pp. 179. 261.:
+
+  "Immerse the print for an hour or so in a lye made by adding to
+  the strongest muriatic acid its own weight in water, and to three
+  parts of this mixture adding one of red oxide of lead, or black
+  oxide of manganese. A print, if not quickly cleaned, may remain in
+  the liquid twenty-four hours without harm. Indian ink stains
+  should in the first instance be assisted out with hot water.
+  Pencil marks, if carefully done, should be partially rubbed out
+  with India rubber or day-old bread; that is, if it can be safely
+  done, as rubbing an engraving is always hazardous. If the print
+  had been mounted, the paste on the back should be thoroughly
+  removed with warm water. The saline crystals left by the solution
+  may be removed by repeated rinsings with warm water."
+
+    ALTRON.
+
+_Story referred to by Jeremy Taylor_ (Vol. iv., pp. 208. 262.).--My copy
+of _Don Quixote_ has the following note on the passage referred to by
+Mr. C. H. COOPER:--
+
+  "_Two old men appeared before Sancho_, etc.--I believe this story
+  is told, for the first time, in some of the Talmudic writings; but
+  Cervantes, in all probability, took it from the _Legenda Aurea
+  Jacobi de Voragine_, in which monkish collection it occurs in
+  these words:
+
+  "'Vir quidam ab uno Judæo quamdam summam pecuniæ mutuo accepit,
+  jurans super altare Sancti Nicolai quod quam citius posset sibi
+  redderet. Tenente autem illo diu pecuniam Judæus expostulavit: sed
+  eam sibi reddidisse affirmat. Trahit ergo eum ad judicem et
+  juramentum indicitur debitori: Ille baculum cavatum quem auro
+  minuto impleverat secum detulerat, ac si ejus adminiculo
+  indigeret: Volens igitur facere juramentum Judæo baculum tradidit
+  servandum. Juravit quod plus sibi reddiderat etiam quam debet; et
+  facto juramento baculum repetiit. Et Judæus ignorans astutiæ eum
+  sibi reddidit. Rediens autem qui fraudem fecerat in quodam bivio
+  oppressus corruit somno: Currusque eum, cum impetu veniens,
+  necuit, et baculum plenum auro fregit, et aurum effudit.'
+
+  "The conclusion of the story is, that the Jew having received his
+  money, was earnestly entreated to acknowledge his sense of the
+  Divine interposition in his favour, by receiving baptism. He said
+  he would do so if Saint Nicholas would, at his prayer, restore the
+  dead man to life. The saint was, without much difficulty, induced
+  to do this, and the Jew became an edifying specimen of conversion.
+  See the chapter de Sancto Nicolao."--_The History of the Ingenious
+  Gentleman Don Quixote of La Mancha; translated from the Spanish by
+  Motteux. A new Edition, with copious Notes, &c._ Edinburgh, 1822,
+  vol. v. p. 334.
+
+May not Jeremy Taylor, in the passage cited from the _Ductor
+Dubitantium_ ("NOTES AND QUERIES," Vol. iv., p. 208.), have been quoting
+_from memory_, and confused the Talmudic(?) legend with a well-known
+passage in Juvenal, _Sat._ xiii. 199-207.? Compare--
+
+  "The _Greek_ that denied the _depositum_ of his friend, and
+  offered to swear at the altar,"
+
+with
+
+      "_Spartano_ cuidam respondit Pythia vates;
+      Haud impunitum quondam fore, quod dubitaret
+      _Depositum_ retinere et fraudem _jure_ tueri
+      _Jurando_."
+
+The Spartan's name was Glaucus. The story is told at large in Herodot.
+vi. 86. See Stocker's note on Juv. _Sat._ xiii. 199. The use of "sibi,"
+in the extract from the _Legenda Aurea_, is new to me. Is it common in
+monkish Latin?
+
+    C. FORBES.
+
+  Temple.
+
+_Anagrams_ (Vol. iv., pp. 226. 297.).--MR. BREEN put another Query
+besides "Where shall we find six good anagrams?" He asked, "How comes it
+that a species of composition once so popular should have become
+extinct?"
+
+Let me venture to refer MR. BREEN to _The Spectator_ for an answer
+to this inquiry; where, in Addison's brilliant papers on "False
+Wit" (Nos. 58. &c.), he will find the whole family of ingenious
+quibblings,--anagrams, acrostics, chronograms, puns, bouts-rimes,
+&c.,--mown down to their just level. And MR. BREEN cannot, I am sure, as
+a man of taste, fail to be delighted, even although he may think the
+following passage (which I quote chiefly as a warning against the rise
+of an anagrammatric epidemic among your correspondents) a little severe
+on his old friends:
+
+  "The acrostic was probably invented about the same time with the
+  anagram, though it is impossible to decide whether the inventor of
+  the one or the other were the greater blockhead."
+
+It is a tempting folly I admit for an idle hour, and I must plead guilty
+to having (in consequence of MR. BREEN'S letter) wasted nearly a whole
+evening in discovering that
+
+      "NOTES AND QUERIES"
+      "Enquires on Dates!"
+
+and also offers the following warning to its contributors--
+
+      "Send quite Reason;"
+
+while as an encouragement it observes (so an ingenious friend informs
+us)--
+
+      "O send in a Request."
+
+    HERMES.
+
+_Battle of Brunanburgh_ (Vol. iv., p. 249.).--The _Egils Saga_ describes
+the duel between the armies of Olaf and Athelstan to have been fought in
+a _champ clos_, inclosed with branches of hazel, upon a space called the
+Vinheidi, or _heidi_ of _Vin_, situate _near_ (vid) or _in_ (á) the
+Vinskogr, or forest of Vin. _Heidi_ is a rough open space, with scrubs
+or bushes, such as furze, juniper, broom, &c. The _heidi_ and the
+_skogr_ were distinct, the latter affording shelter to the fugitives
+from the former, p. 290. The text, both Norse and Latin, says, "Then he
+brought his army to the Vin-heidi. _A certain_ town stood towards the
+north of the heidi." But a various reading in the note says, "to the
+town of Vinheidi, which was to the north of the heidi." But it seems as
+unreasonable for the town to be called Vinheidi, as Vinskogr. _Vin_
+should be taken for the name of the town, and the root of the other
+phrases. The downs or brakes called Vinheidi were inclosed with hazel,
+and lay between the forest, or skogr, and some river. The town, being
+Olaf's head quarters, lay north of them. Athelstan occupied the nearest
+town to the south of the heidi. [Query, whether south of the river?] The
+northern town Vin is no doubt the Weon from which the Weon-dune (downs
+of Weon, or heidi of Vin) was called. The other name given by Simeon
+Dunelmensis to that space is curious, as showing how well the spot was
+adapted for attack and pursuit, "eth-runnan-werc," that is,
+"facilis-ad-opus-currendi." The name Brunanburg, probably signifying
+"the town of bourns," or watercourses, is unequivocally that of a town.
+Since Olaf or Arlaf had his quarters at Vin, it was probably at that
+place where Athelstan was stationed. Find these two places, Vin the
+northern-most of the two, and find the river. The heidi and the skogr
+are probably grubbed and ploughed up.
+
+    A. N.
+
+_Praed's Works_ (Vol. iv., p. 256.).--Some three years ago I saw a
+prospectus announcing that they would be published by Mr. Parker of
+Oxford, under the direction of Mrs. Praed; but I believe nothing has
+been done in the matter since.
+
+    W. J.
+
+_Sir J. Davies_ (Vol. iv., p. 256.).--Messrs. Puttick and Simpson, 191.
+Piccadilly, have, or had recently, an original MS. of this eminent
+lawyer and poet. Perhaps L. GYFFES would learn something of it by
+communication with them, and, if curious, oblige your readers with an
+account of it.
+
+    R.
+
+_Coins of Constantius Gallus_ (Vol. iv., p. 238.).--MR. TAYLOR appears
+to me not altogether correct in his distinctions of these coins. The
+name VAL. certainly generally denotes Constantius Chlorus, but there are
+coins of Constantius II. also with VAL. It is impossible for a practised
+numismatist to confound the coins of these emperors, not only from the
+difference of lettering and workmanship, but from the change in the
+size, thickness, &c. of the coins. I have coins of Constantius II. with
+VAL. bearing the same reverse as others with IVL. (PROVIDENTIAE CAESS)
+in my cabinet. I have also several coins of Constantius II. with
+P.F.AVG., which have A. behind the head. I refer above only to coins of
+bronze, second and third sizes; but I should suppose the rules would
+apply also to the gold coins. I see "NOTES AND QUERIES" only monthly, or
+I should have written sooner, but I hope not to be too late.
+
+    W. H. S.
+
+  Edinburgh.
+
+_Passage in Sedley_ (Vol. iii., p. 476.).--
+
+      "Let fools the name of loyalty divide
+      Wise men and gods are on the strongest side."
+
+I much fear your correspondent HENRY H. BREEN suggests an alteration in
+Sir Charles Sedley's couplet more favourable to the witty baronet's
+principles than facts will admit. It is too probable that he conceived
+the sentiment just as it stands; for we must remember that he belonged
+to that school of loose wits of the Restoration, who, "Regis ad
+exemplar," made a mock of all which tended to place "virtue" above
+"interest," or to make men "too fond of the right to pursue the
+expedient."
+
+Charles II. and his long train of licentious courtiers now stand at the
+bar of history, and the verdict on him must be, that if he had a
+principle in latter life it was this,--that he would never endanger
+himself for any abstract rule of right; or as Sir W. Scott, in
+_Peveril_, accurately says: "he had sworn never to kiss the block on
+which his father suffered," when yielding to the current would save him
+from it; hence, there is too good reason to think that, in his
+estimation, and in the judgment of the school he formed, "loyalty" was
+"folly," and to take the strongest side "wisdom."
+
+The reference in Sedley's couplet to the line--
+
+      "Victrix causa Diis placuit, sed victa Catoni"--
+
+is too obvious to need notice; and it is but too certain that in the
+estimation of a courtier of Charles II., Cato dying for his country
+would be but "a fool for his pains." It is painful to be obliged to
+remind MR. BREEN that, in order to understand Sedley's meaning, we are
+not to look for what would be "most consistent with truth," but for what
+was most probably accordant with the lax morality of the author.
+
+    A. B. R.
+
+  Belmont, Oct. 6. 1851.
+
+_Buxtorf's Translation of Elias Levita's "Tub Taam"_ (Vol. iv., p.
+272.).--This work was printed at Venice in 1538, in 4to. Münster
+republished it in the next following year, with an epitome of its
+contents in Latin. (G. B. de' Rossi, _Dizionario Storico, &c._, art.
+"Levita.").
+
+    T. T.
+
+  Manchester.
+
+_Stonehenge_ (Vol. iv., p. 57.).--P. P.'s objection to Sir R. C. Hoare's
+derivation of _Stonehenge_ seems hardly justifiable. Surely the
+horizontal stones there may be said to hang, μετέωροι, or
+μετάρσιοι, sublime: as in the case of "Rocq Pendant" of
+Alderney, the term "hanging" is loosely applied. That leans forth from
+the cliff at a considerable angle out of the perpendicular, and is
+"hanging," in another sense of the word, like the Leaning Tower of Pisa,
+and as, in another acceptation, the famous terrace gardens of Babylon
+are called the Hanging Gardens.
+
+    THEOPHYLACT.
+
+_Glass in Windows formerly not a Fixture_ (Vol. iv., p. 99.).--Referring
+to this subject, allow me to add a Note I have from the will of Robert
+Birkes, of Doncaster, alderman, proved at York, July 30, 1590, in
+further illustration. The testator gives to his son Robert all "the
+seeling work and portalls" in and about the house where he dwelt, "with
+all doors, _glass windows_," &c., in full of his child's portion of his
+goods; and then his _house_ he gave to his wife for her life. If by
+"seeling work and portalls" are meant what we now understand by those
+terms, the above extract shows that other essential parts of a house
+besides glass windows were formerly considered as moveable chattels.
+
+    C. J.
+
+_Fortune, infortune, fort une_ (Vol. iv., pp. 57. 142.).--The
+explanation offered by a writer in the _Magasin Pittoresque_ for 1850,
+seems perfectly clear without the proposed transposition of the adverb
+_fort_ into _fait_ of your correspondent D. C.
+
+If the sentence be read according to the French explanation D. C. has
+quoted, viz. by reading _infortune_ as a verb, _fort_ the adverb to it,
+it must be plain that the reading of the sentence must be:
+
+  "Fortune fort infortune une."
+
+  (Fortune very much afflicts one.)
+
+If we turned _fort_ into _fait_, it would entirely spoil the sentence.
+
+Query, But _is_ "infortuner" to be found as a verb in any old
+dictionary? We have the adjective "infortuné," which looks much like a
+participle.
+
+    J. C. W.
+
+  Francis Terrace, Kentish Town.
+
+_Matthew Paris's "Historia Minor"_ (Vol. iv., p. 209.).--MR. SANSOM will
+find the desired MS. in the British Museum, 14 C. vii. (Macray's _Manual
+of Brit. Hist._, p. 26. Lond. 1845.)
+
+    R. G.
+
+In the Cottonian library, Claudius D. vi. 9., will be found "Abbreviatio
+compendiosa Chronicorum Angliæ, ab A'o 1000, ad A. 1255. Scripsit quidam
+ad calcem, 'Hic desinit Mat. Paris Historia Minor, quæ est epitome
+Majoris, quæ ad A.D. 1258 continuatur.'"
+
+_The Bibliothecæ Regiæ_, 14 C. vii., contains "Historiæ M. Paris.
+Continuatio ad A.D. 1273, alia manu. De possessione hujus Codicis multa
+fuit altercatio." (See Warton's _History of English Poetry_, vol. i. p.
+lxxxviii. edit. 1840.) There are also MSS. at Corpus Christi College
+(No. 56.) and Ben'et College, Cambridge (No. 31.). Macray states, that
+the _Historia Minor_ was made out of the _Historia Major_ by Paris, both
+from Wendover to 1235, and his own large additions after that period.
+
+    J. Y.
+
+  Hoxton.
+
+_Sanford's "Descensus"_ (Vol. iv., p. 232.).--The work of Hugo
+Sanfordus, _De Descensu Domini nostri Jesu Christi ad inferos_, was
+published as a separate work at Amsterdam in 1611, and its title is
+inserted in the printed catalogue of the Bodleian Library. Can ÆGROTUS
+give a specific reference to the book, page, and edition of Gale's
+_Court of the Gentiles_ in which it is spoken of, and also his authority
+for the statement that it was published in the works of a bishop who
+survived him?
+
+    TYRO.
+
+_Death of Pitt_ (Vol. iv., p. 232.).--MR. NATHANIEL ELLISON will find in
+the _Memoirs of Lady Hester Stanhope_, vol. iii. p. 141., a passage
+which pretty nearly confirms the account of _the desertion of Pitt's
+death-bed_. She said that James, a servant, was the only person present
+with Pitt when he died, and that she herself was the last person who saw
+him alive except James. She also stated that Dr. Pretyman, who seems to
+have been in the house, was fast asleep at the time; and that Sir Walter
+Farquhar, the physician, was absent. The account of Pitt's last moments
+in Gifford's life of him, where a prayer for forgiveness, &c. is put
+into his mouth, she pronounced to be _all a lie_.
+
+    J. S. W.
+
+  Stockwell.
+
+_History of Hawick_ (Vol iv., p. 233.).--In reply to the Query of your
+correspondent H. L., I have to inform him that there have been published
+two histories of Hawick, viz.,--
+
+1. Robert Wilson's _Sketch of the History of Hawick_, a small 8vo.
+printed in 1825. It contains a notice of the altercations between the
+Abbot of Melrose and Langlands the Baron of Wilton, relative to the
+arrear of tithes due to the abbacy of Melrose. A copy of this work can
+be procured for about 5_s._
+
+2. James Wilson's _Annals of Hawick, 1214-1814_, a small 8vo. printed in
+1850. This work, under date 1494-5, has a notice of the murder of the
+chaplain by Langlands. This book can be had for 6_s._ 6_d._
+
+A notice of the trial of Langlands for the murder will also be found in
+Pitcairn's _Criminal Trials_, vol. i. p. 20.
+
+    T. G. S.
+
+  Edinburgh, Oct. 6. 1851.
+
+"_Prophecies of Nostradamus_" (Vol. iv., pp. 86. 140. 258.).--J. R. says
+that "the first edition of the _Prophecies of Nostradamus_ is not only
+in the National Library, but in several others, both in Paris and
+elsewhere." Does J. R. speak from personal observation or at
+second-hand? When I was in Paris I spent some hours in searching the
+catalogue and shelves of both the National Library and that of St.
+Geneviève, but I could find no edition of Nostradamus dated 1555 in
+either. To convince myself that my search had been accurate, I turned to
+_Nostradamus_, par Eugène Bareste, Paris, 1840, and there found it
+distinctly asserted that there is no copy of the first edition of the
+book (viz. that of 1555) _in any public library_ in Paris, and that the
+copy used in compiling that edition of 1840 was borrowed from a private
+collection. I cannot give the exact words of M. Bareste, as I only made
+a "Note" of their purport; but if J. R. will say upon what authority his
+statement as to this rare little book is based, I will certainly some
+day renew my search for it at the National Library.
+
+    H. C. DE ST. CROIX.
+
+_Bourchier Family_ (Vol. iv., p. 233.).--Monuments, with inscriptions,
+to William Bourchier, Earl of Bath, 1623; Henry Bourchier, Earl of Bath;
+many of the family of Bourchier-Wrey, and others allied to them, are in
+the church of Tavistock, in the county of Devon; and the whole of them
+have been carefully transcribed with notes of the heraldry.
+
+    S. S. S.
+
+_William III. at Exeter_ (Vol. iv., p. 233.).--Jenkins, the historian of
+Exeter, in relating the prince's public entry into that city, states
+that he was preceded by the Earl of Macclesfield and two hundred
+horsemen, _most of whom_ were English nobles and gentlemen. There is in
+the Bodleian Library a fo. broadsheet entitled, _A True and Exact
+Relation of the Prince of Orange, his Publick Entrance into Exeter_,
+which, if I remember right, was reprinted in Somers' _Tracts_, but I do
+not think any names of those gentlemen are therein mentioned.
+
+    S. S. S.
+
+_Passage in George Herbert_ (Vol. iv., p. 231.).--Does not Herbert imply
+in these lines--
+
+      "Take one from ten, and what remains?
+      Ten still, if sermons go for gains."
+
+that the payer of _tithes_ receives an equivalent in the ministrations
+of the priest?
+
+    S. C. C.
+
+  Corfe Castle.
+
+This passage alludes doubtless to the tithe of the parson, and maintains
+that the tithe-payer is no loser if the sermons for which tithe is paid
+produce their effects. In fact, it is a paraphrase of _Proverbs_, iii.
+9, 10.:
+
+  "Honour the Lord with all thy substance, and with the first
+  fruits of all thine increase: so shall thy barns be filled with
+  plenty, and thy presses shall burst out with new wine."
+
+    J. A. PICTON.
+
+  Liverpool.
+
+_Suicides buried in Cross Roads_ (Vol. iv., pp. 116. 212.).--This was
+formerly the general practice in the South of England, and it has
+occasionally been resorted to within the last thirty years. At
+Chalvington, in Sussex, there once resided, according to a popular
+tradition, the _only honest miller ever known_. About a century since,
+this person, finding it impossible to succeed in business, hanged
+himself in his own mill, and was buried in a neighbouring "crossways."
+An oaken stake, driven through his body, taking root, grew into a tree,
+and threw a singular shrivelled branch, the only one it ever produced,
+across the road. It was the most singular tree I ever saw, and had
+something extremely hag-like and ghostly in its look. The spot was of
+course haunted, and many a rustic received a severe shock to his
+feelings on passing it after nightfall. The tradition was of course
+received by the intelligent as a piece of superstitious _folk-lore_, and
+the story of the "only honest miller" was regarded as a mere _myth_,
+until about twenty-five years ago, when a labourer employed in digging
+sand near the roots of the scraggy oak tree, discovered a human
+skeleton. This part of the history I can vouch for, having seen, when a
+schoolboy, some of the bones. I must not omit to mention that the honest
+miller of Chalvington owned the remarkable peculiarity of a "tot" or
+tuft of hair growing in the palm of each hand!
+
+    MARK ANTONY LOWER.
+
+_Armorial Bearings_ (Vol. iv., p. 58.).--The coat of arms described by
+F. I. B. is given by Robson and by Burke to the family of Kelley of
+Terrington, co. Devon, and the crests are similar, but I can find no
+authority for the coat in any work relating to that county. The ancient
+family, Kelly of Kelly, in Devon, bore a very different coat and crest.
+There is no such place as Terrington in that county, unless Torrington
+be meant, but no family of note bearing the name of Kelley had
+possessions there. I conclude, therefore, that there must be a mistake
+as to the county.
+
+    S. S. S.
+
+"_Life of Cromwell_" (Vol. iv., p. 117.).--No life of Cromwell was ever
+written by "_one Kember_;" there is a _Life of Oliver Cromwell, Lord
+Protector of the Commonwealth of England, Scotland, and Ireland_, the
+second edition (London, 1725) of which, greatly enlarged from the first,
+is now before me, and which has the autograph of Malone, who has on the
+fly-leaf asserted it to have been "written by Isaac Kimber, a Dissenting
+minister, who was born at Vantage in Berkshire, Dec. 1, 1692. His son,
+Edward Kimber, refers to it as the work of his father, in a history of
+England in ten volumes, which he published."
+
+Kimber's life is a much better one than Carlyle's; but the best
+biography of that most extraordinary man is by Thomas Cromwell,
+published some twenty or thirty years since, and of which there was a
+second edition.
+
+    J. MT.
+
+_Harris, Painter in Water Colours_ (Vol. iii., p. 329.).--In answer to
+the inquiry of T. C. W., relative to a Bible (Reeves, 1802) in the
+possession of his friend, I beg leave to state that the said Bible was
+illustrated with original drawings by my father, J. Harris of Walworth,
+who died seventeen years since, and that I am his only son surviving him
+in his profession. Any further communication relative to him I shall be
+most happy to give on a personal interview.
+
+    J. HARRIS.
+
+  40. Sidmouth Street. Regent Square, Sept. 27. 1851.
+
+"_Son of the Morning_" (Vol. iv., p. 209.).--AN OLD BENGAL CIVILIAN is
+informed that, no matter whom Byron may have intended to designate by
+the above glorious appellation, there is but ONE to whom it properly
+belongs. If your correspondent will consult the 110th Psalm, he will
+find David representing God the Father as thus addressing God the Son,
+the Lord Jesus Christ: "The dew of Thy birth is of the _womb of the
+morning_."
+
+    G. L. S.
+
+  Pemb. Coll. Oxon., Sept. 20. 1851.
+
+This seems to be an invocation to the personification of Light, Lucifer,
+or φωσφορος, the "son of the morning," by which intellectual
+light is indicated, through whose assistance we are enabled to discover
+the true faith.
+
+The poet enters a caveat that the latter do not act the part of an
+Iconoclast, as has too often been her wont. At least this appears to me
+to be the interpretation.
+
+    E. I. U. S. Club.
+
+_Grimsdyke or Grimesditch_ (Vol. iv., p. 192.).--Your Querist NAUTICUS
+describes the vallum or ditch called "Grimsdyke, or Grimesditch, or the
+Devil's Ditch," running from Great Berkhampstead, Hants, to Bradenham,
+Bucks, and then puts two Queries.
+
+NAUTICUS assumes that this ditch had, at some distant day, been an
+artificial earthwork; but at the same time he points out that, "from its
+total want of flank defence, it could hardly hold an enemy in check for
+long; and that it does not seem to have been a military way." He asks,
+"Are there other earthworks of the same name (Grimsdyke) in England?" I
+find no trace of any other _earthworks_ of that name in England; and it
+may be very questionable whether this ditch be of ancient earthwork, or
+of its original natural formation.
+
+But there is, in _Cheshire_, a brook or rivulet in its pristine state,
+called _Grimsditch_. This brook or rivulet is one of the contributory
+streams of Cheshire to the great rivers, the Mersey and the Weaver; and
+is described by the author of _King's Vale Royal of England, or the
+County Palatine of Chester illustrated_, published in 1656, as follows:
+
+  "The Grimsditch cometh from the Hall of Grimsditch, by Preston,
+  Daresbury, Keckwith, and so falleth into the Marsey."
+
+Here then we have the name of a place which gives the name of
+_Grimsditch_ to the brook or rivulet; and it is, moreover, shown by the
+County History that the place (the hamlet or lands of Grimsditch) has
+been in the possession of a family of the name of Grimsditch from the
+time of Henry III.
+
+From the words of the original grant this hamlet, by which Thomas
+Tuschet, in 10 Hen. III. 1226, grants to Hugo de Grimsditch "totam
+terram de Grimsdich pertinentem ad villam de Witeleigh" (Ormerod's
+_Chesh._ i. 488.), it may be inferred that the place went by the name of
+Grimsditch prior to the Norman Conquest. There can therefore be but
+little doubt that the name is of Anglo-Saxon origin.
+
+The present possessor of the property is Thomas Grimsditch, Esq., late
+M.P. for the borough of Macclesfield.
+
+The second Query of NAUTICUS applies to the _etymology_ of the word
+Grimsditch.
+
+This is a very difficult question to solve. Take the first syllable:
+_Grim_, _grime_, dirt, sullying blackness.
+
+  "She sweats; a man may go over shoes in the _grime_ of
+  it."--Shakspeare.
+
+Then the word _ditch_: this is derived from dic (Saxon), dük (Erse); but
+whatever may be the true etymology of the word, it can scarcely be
+doubted that it is of Anglo-Saxon origin.
+
+I may however add that there is a tradition in the Grimsditch family of
+Cheshire, said to have been handed down for many ages, as to the origin
+of the name, to the following effect:
+
+That in remote ages their first parents were warriors; that one of these
+warriors was attacked by a griffin; that a fierce contest ensued; and
+that the man was the conqueror of that fabulous bird or beast, the
+battle-ground being a _dyke_ or _ditch_.
+
+Hence, says the tradition, emanated the family coat of arms, which are
+certainly very singular, viz. Azure, a griffin or, about to tear, and
+ramping upon, a warrior, completely armed in plate armour, in bend
+dexter, across the lower part of the shield. Crest, a _Talbot_.
+
+    WILLIAM BEAUMONT.
+
+In reply to your correspondent NAUTICUS, who inquires whether there are
+any ancient entrenchments in England known by the name of _Grimsdyke_,
+besides the one he mentions in Hants, I beg to remind him that the Roman
+wall (or ditch and rampart) executed between the Firths of Forth and
+Clyde during the reign of the Emperor Antoninus Pius, is popularly
+called by the above name. To account for the name, it has been said that
+it originated in the circumstance of a chieftain of the name of _Graham_
+having been the first to force his way through it; but those who gave
+such a derivation of the word could scarcely have been aware that it
+bears this name in common with at least two others, viz., that mentioned
+by NAUTICUS as existing at Great Berkhampstead, Hants; and the other
+pointed out by W. S. G. as near Salisbury.
+
+    L. D. L.
+
+_Cagots_ (Vol. iv., p. 190.).--In reply to the inquiry of RUSTICUS, I
+rather imagine the _Cagots_ are the remains of the Paulician "Churches"
+of Thoulouse Albi and _Cahors_ (_Charhagensis_) of Maitland's _Albigenes
+and Waldenses_, p. 428.; and that the Cretins are no other than
+_credentes_ (cf. Maitland passim), probably remnants of the same body of
+heretics.
+
+    AJAX.
+
+Is there any resemblance between them and Cretins? Are there any
+families or races of Cretins ever heard of?
+
+    C. B.
+
+_The Serpent represented with a human Head_ (Vol. iv., p. 191.).--I send
+you two instances of the serpent being represented with a human head;
+the first occurs in the Arundel MS. No. 23., in this College, containing
+the genealogical descent of King Edward IV., and apparently coeval with
+that sovereign. The other is a beautifully executed sketch of Adam and
+Eve in a MS., also in this College, of the time of Henry VII., at the
+commencement of _The Genealogy of the Saxon Kings from Adam_. They are
+both female heads, the latter, however, being the entire bust.
+
+    THOMAS W. KING (York Herald).
+
+  College of Arms.
+
+In the stained glass of the east window in the Lady Chapel, Wells
+Cathedral (temp. Edw. III.), the serpent, which is entwined round a
+tree, and holds an apple, has not only the head but the upper half of a
+human figure. On a scroll is written in uncial letters, "Si comederitis
+de ligno vitæ eritis sicut Dii scientis bonis et malis;" and in a
+straight line below the subject, "Arbor cum Serpente."
+
+    T. WT.
+
+_Fire Unknown_ (Vol. iv., pp. 209. 283.).--At the time when Leibnitz
+wrote, curious references to accounts of savages were not infrequent.
+All your readers will remember Locke's reference to some account of
+savages who had neither idea of God nor of being superior to man. It may
+be that narratives of tribes who did not use fire, who lived on dried
+flesh or fish, for instance, may have given rise to an idea of their not
+knowing fire. I think I remember to have seen it stated that some of the
+savages of Australia did not know fire. On this, five-and-twenty years
+ago, I made a note from Mr. Barron Field's _Collection of Geographical
+Memoirs of New South Wales_. Two wrecked Englishmen passed some time
+among the natives, and found they had no knowledge that water could be
+heated; but the very story seems to show that they knew of fire. On
+boiling some in a tin pot,
+
+  "The whole tribe gathered round them, and watched the pot till it
+  began to boil, when they all took to their heels, shouting and
+  screaming, nor could they be persuaded to return till they saw
+  them pour the water out and clean the pot, when they slowly
+  ventured back and carefully covered the place where the water was
+  spilt with sand."
+
+These two Englishmen were treated with great attention by the natives,
+they were painted twice a day, and it was quite their own faults that
+they did not have their noses bored and their bodies scarified.
+
+    M.
+
+_Plant in Texas_ (Vol. iv., p. 208.).--The following is an extract from
+a periodical of 1848 or 1849:
+
+  "According to the _Medical Times_, Major Alvord has discovered on
+  the American prairies a plant possessing the property of pointing
+  north and south, and has given it the name of _Sylphium
+  laciniatum_."
+
+    G. P***.
+
+_Copying Inscriptions_ (Vol. iv., p. 266.).--M. Lottin de Laval, "by a
+new process," has produced the most accurate copies of cuneatic
+inscriptions that have yet been published. It is said that he has copied
+by his process (which must, I think, be some kind of heliography) 1200
+inscriptions from the Sinaitic peninsula, the publication of which may
+be speedily expected, so that MR. BUCKTON'S wishes on this point are
+anticipated. These inscriptions have been already deciphered.
+
+    E. H. D. D.
+
+_Chantrey's Statue of Mrs. Jordan_ (Vol. iv., p. 58.).--MR. CORNISH will
+find this statue at Mapledurham in Oxon, the living of the lady's son.
+It remains there, it is stated, until an appropriate site can be
+obtained.
+
+    W. A.
+
+_Portraits of Burke_ (Vol. iv., p. 271.).--I doubt that Sir Joshua
+Reynolds ever painted a miniature, and I should say certainly not after
+Mr. Burke "had passed the meridian of life." His sister, Miss Reynolds,
+was a professed _miniature painter_, and I have little doubt must have
+painted Mr. Burke, as she certainly did Johnson; but the description
+given of this miniature is very unlike Mr. Burke. The name of the
+possessor might, in some degree, enable us to ascertain whether the
+portraits mentioned are really of the great statesman.
+
+    C.
+
+_Martial's Distribution of Hours_ (Vol. iv., p. 273.).--Martial's
+distribution of hours and employments seems to me to be as
+follows:--From 6 till 8 the visits of the "salutantes" are received;
+from 8 till 9 the law tribunals are attended; from 9 till 11 the "varii
+labores" occupy; from 11 till 12 the "quies." The expression "in
+quintam" must bring us to the end of the 5th hour; and the "sexta hora"
+must be that which concludes at 12.
+
+Your inquirer A. E. B. might have further asked what is the difference
+between the "quies" of the "sexta," and the "finis" of the "septima." To
+understand this is to understand the difficulty which he propounds. I
+apprehend the "quies" not to mean the "siesta," but that gradual and
+perhaps irregular cessation or suspension of employments which precedes
+the close of business for the day. The "siesta" is the "finis" of
+Martial, which would thus fall between 12 and 1; that time of the day at
+which A. E. B. fixes it rightly. I think he errs in identifying the
+"siesta" with the "sexta hora."
+
+To question 214 I may be allowed to reply, that the effect of moonlight
+upon the face of those who sleep exposed to it in hot climates is very
+severe indeed, producing an appearance not very unlike that of a swollen
+and putrescent corpse. The Psalmist refers to it Ps. cxxi. 6.; and all
+who have lived in the East Indies are well acquainted with the
+phenomenon.
+
+    THEOPHYLACT.
+
+
+
+
+Miscellaneous.
+
+
+NOTES ON BOOKS, SALES, CATALOGUES, ETC.
+
+The _Antiquarian Gleanings in the North of England, being Examples of
+Antique Furniture, Plate, Church Decorations, Objects of Historical
+Interest, &c., drawn and etched by William B. Scott, Government School
+of Design, Newcastle_, which has just been completed, is a valuable
+addition to the numerous works which have been published of late years
+illustrative of archæology in its most picturesque aspect. It will be
+seen from the title that Mr. Scott has not confined himself to any one
+class of objects; in some cases historical associations having
+determined his choice; in others, the rarity of examples of the object
+illustrated; in others, their intrinsic beauty. The Chair of the
+Venerable Bede, and the Swords of Cromwell, Fairfax, and Lambert, belong
+to the first of these divisions; as the Nautilus Cup set in gold, and
+the Ivory Cup, both the property of Mr. Howard of Corby, belong to the
+last: and so much taste and skill has Mr. Scott shown in the whole of
+the thirty-eight plates, as quite to justify the hope expressed by him,
+that in all of them the connoisseur and the artist will find something
+worthy attention.
+
+We have before us two books to which we desire to direct the attention
+of our readers. The first is _A Manual of Ecclesiastical History, from
+the First to the Twelfth Century_, by the Rev. E. S. Foulkes, M.A., the
+main plan of which has been borrowed from Spanheim, and the materials
+principally compiled from that writer, Spondanus, Mosheim and Fleury,
+Gieseler, Döllinger, and others, respecting whom, however, Mr. Foulkes
+states, "I believe I have never once trusted to them on a point
+involving controversy without examining their authorities." "Let
+nobody," he elsewhere observes, "think that he can fairly know Church
+History from reading a single modern historian, whether Protestant or
+Roman Catholic; the only way of getting a correct view, unless a person
+should have time to consult the originals, is to read two opposite
+writers, side by side, and balance one set of facts against the other.
+Yet even so it is hopeless to get a true appreciation of past times
+except through cotemporary writings; I have therefore appended to the
+catalogue of modern historians a few of the principal cotemporary works,
+disciplinary, doctrinal, and historical, from age to age down to the end
+of the twelfth century, which would be a far more trustworthy clue to
+the real sentiments of the times than could be gained from a more modern
+source, and could not, I think, fail to be a corrective to narrow
+misapprehensions, and a great help to the student whose wish it is to be
+fair and candid." These extracts from Mr. Foulke's preface (which
+contains brief notices of the principal modern writers on the subject)
+sufficiently explain the nature of his very useful and carefully
+compiled volume.
+
+The other, Calmet's _Dictionary of the Bible, Abridged, Modernized, and
+Re-edited, according to the most recent Biblical Researches_, by T. A.
+Buckley, B.A., is addressed to a wider class of readers, and in its
+preparation general utility has been the main object; while in the
+remodelling which this popular and useful work of Calmet has here
+undergone, care has been taken to purify it from the Rationalism with
+which all the later editions have been charged, and to supply its place
+by such copious additions and alterations from the most recent biblical
+researches, so as to make the present edition rather a new book than a
+reprint of an old one; and deserving of that extensive circulation which
+its extremely moderate price is calculated to procure for it.
+
+_The Principles of Chemistry illustrated by Simple Experiments_, by Dr.
+J. A. Stöckhardt, Professor in the Royal Academy of Agriculture at
+Tharaud, having been extensively adopted as an introductory work in the
+Schools of Germany, in consequence of its convenient classification and
+its clear and concise elucidation of principles, and explanation of
+chemical phenomena, it was translated into English at the recommendation
+of Professor Horsford; and a reprint of it from the American edition
+forms the new volume of Bohn's _Standard Library_. It is illustrated
+with numerous engravings, and as the necessary apparatus for performing
+most of the experiments in it is extremely small, the book will no doubt
+soon become a popular one.
+
+The Chetham Library, Manchester, will shortly receive a valuable
+addition to its literary treasures by Mr. Halliwell's donation of his
+extensive collection of Proclamations, Ballads, and Broadsides, which,
+we are informed, extends to upwards of 2500 articles, including many of
+great rarity, and a few probably unique. Amongst the latter are two
+curious black-letter ballads, printed in the year 1570, unnoticed by all
+bibliographers, and not to be found in the useful and interesting
+_Extracts from the Registers of the Stationers' Company_, recently
+published by Mr. Collier; but the greater portion of the collection
+belongs to the latter half of the seventeenth, and commencement of the
+eighteenth century, most of the ballads being reprints of much older
+copies.
+
+We are requested to remind such of our readers as are members of the
+Archæological Institute that the Salisbury volume will be ready next
+week.
+
+CATALOGUES RECEIVED.--J. Petheram's (94. High Holborn) Catalogue 127.,
+being 8. for 1851, of Old and New Books; J. Gray Bell's (17. Bedford
+Street, Covent Garden) Catalogue Part 27. of Valuable and Interesting
+Books, Manuscripts, Prints, Drawings, &c.; W. Pedder's (10. Holywell
+Street) Catalogue Part 7. for 1851 of Ancient and Modern Books; B.
+Quaritch's (16. Castle Street, Leicester Square) Catalogue No. 35. of
+Books in European Languages, Dialects, Classics, &c.
+
+
+BOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES
+
+WANTED TO PURCHASE.
+
+POPE'S LITERARY CORRESPONDENCE. Vol. III. Curll. 1735.
+
+ALMANACS, any for the year 1752.
+
+MATTHIAS' OBSERVATIONS ON GRAY. 8vo. 1815.
+
+SHAKSPEARE, JOHNSON, AND STEVENS, WITH REED'S ADDITIONS. 3rd Edition,
+1785. Vol. V.
+
+SWIFT'S WORKS, Faulkner's Edition. 8 Vols. 12mo. Dublin, 1747. Vol. III.
+
+SOUTHEY'S PENINSULAR WAR. Vols. V. VI. 8vo.
+
+JOURNAL OF THE GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF DUBLIN. Vol. I. Part I. (One or
+more copies.)
+
+THE ANTIQUARY. 8vo. Edinburgh, 1816. Vols. I. and II.
+
+HISTORY AND ANTIQUITIES OF TWICKENHAM, being the First Part of Parochial
+Collections for the County of Middlesex, begun in 1780 by E. Ironside,
+Esq., London, 1797. (This work forms 1 vol. of Miscell. Antiquities in
+continuation of the Bib. Topographica, and is usually bound in the 10th
+Volume.)
+
+RITSON'S ROBIN HOOD. 12mo. London, 1795. Vol. II. (10_s._ will be given
+for a clean copy in _boards_, or 7_s._ 6_d._ for a clean copy _bound_.)
+
+DR. JOHNSON'S PRAYERS AND MEDITATIONS.
+
+ANNUAL OBITUARY AND BIOGRAPHY. Vol. XXXI.
+
+THEOPHILUS AND PHILODOXUS, or Several Conferences, &c., by Gilbert
+Giles, D.D., Oxon, 1674; or the same work republished 1679, under the
+title of a "Dialogue between a Protestant and a Papist."
+
+PECK'S COMPLETE CATALOGUE OF ALL THE DISCOURSES WRITTEN BOTH FOR AND
+AGAINST PAPACY IN THE TIME OF KING JAMES II. 1735. 4to.
+
+  [Star symbol] Letters, stating particulars and lowest price,
+  _carriage free_, to be sent to MR. BELL, Publisher of "NOTES AND
+  QUERIES," 186. Fleet Street.
+
+
+Notices to Correspondents.
+
+A. B. R. _will find the passage he refers to_--
+
+              "Spirits are not finely touch'd,
+      But to fine issues ----"
+
+_in the opening scene of_ "Measure for Measure."
+
+NOVUS. "The Three Treatises by Wickliffe," _edited by Dr. Todd, have not
+actually been published as yet. Copies will, however, soon be on sale at
+Messrs. Hamilton and Adams', Paternoster Row._
+
+E. A. D.'s _communication did not reach us in time to enable us to do as
+he wished._
+
+THEOPHYLACT _will find the most important point in his letter treated in
+our next Number. Would he in future oblige us by separating his various
+communications?_
+
+א.ת. _is thanked for his very kind letter, which we have
+availed ourselves of his permission to forward._
+
+DAN. STONE, ESQUIRE'S "Anagrams" _reached us at too late a period for
+insertion in the present Number._
+
+REPLIES RECEIVED.--_Ash Sap--Anagrams--Marriage of
+Ecclesiastics--Horology--Bourchier Family--Pauper's Badge--Carling
+Sunday--Three Estates of the Realm--Posie of other Men's Flowers--Sacro
+sancta Regum Majestas--The Soul's Errand--Middleton's Epigrams--Man is
+born to Trouble--Cockney--Flemings in Pembrokeshire--Image of both
+Churches, &c.--Crowns have their Compass--Aneroid Barometer--Eyre
+Family--Baxtorf's Translation of Levita--Wylecop--Equestrian Figure of
+Elizabeth--Nao for Ship--Medical Use of Pigeons, and others which are in
+type._
+
+_Copies of our Prospectus, according to the suggestion of_ T. E. H.,
+_will be forwarded to any correspondent willing to assist us by
+circulating them._
+
+VOLS. I., II., _and_ III., _with very copious Indices, may still be had,
+prices 9s. 6d. each, neatly bound in cloth._
+
+NOTES AND QUERIES _is published at noon on Friday, so that our country
+Subscribers may receive it on Saturday. The subscription for the Stamped
+Edition is 10s. 2d. for Six Months, which may be paid by Post-office
+Order drawn in favour of our Publisher,_ MR. GEORGE BELL. 186. Fleet
+Street; _to whose care all communications for the Editor should be
+addressed._
+
+
+
+
+LONDON LIBRARY, 12. St. James's Square.--Patron--His Royal Highness
+Prince ALBERT.
+
+  This Institution now offers to its members a collection of 60,000
+  volumes, to which additions are constantly making, both in English
+  and foreign literature. A reading room is also open for the use of
+  the members, supplied with the best English and foreign
+  periodicals.
+
+  Terms of admission--entrance fee, 6_l._; annual subscription,
+  2_l._; or entrance fee and life subscription, 26_l._
+
+  By order of the Committee.
+
+      September, 1851.
+
+  J. G. COCHRANE, Secretary and Librarian.
+
+
+LONDON SACRED MUSIC WAREHOUSE, Chief Establishment, 69. Dean Street,
+Soho Square; City Depot, 24. Poultry.
+
+  Office of the "MUSICAL TIMES," published on the 1st of every
+  Month.
+
+  Office of the "GLEE-HIVE," published every Week.
+
+  [Star symbol] It is requested that Post-office Orders be made
+  payable to JOSEPH ALFRED NOVELLO, at the Charing Cross Office.
+
+
+ALMANACKS FOR 1852.
+
+  WHITAKER'S CLERGYMAN'S DIARY, for 1852, will contain a Diary, with
+  Table of Lessons, Collects, &c., and full directions for Public
+  Worship for every day in the year, with blank spaces for
+  Memoranda: A List of all the Bishops and other Dignitaries of the
+  Church, arranged under the order of their respective Dioceses;
+  Bishops of the Scottish and American Churches; and particulars
+  respecting the Roman Catholic and Greek Churches; together with
+  Statistics of the various Religious Sects in England; Particulars
+  of the Societies connected with the Church; of the Universities,
+  &c. Members of both Houses of Convocation, of both Houses of
+  Parliament, the Government, Courts of Law, &c. With Instructions
+  to Candidates for Holy Orders; and a variety of information useful
+  to all Clergymen, price in cloth 3_s._, or 5_s._ as a pocket-book
+  with tuck.
+
+  THE FAMILY ALMANACK AND EDUCATIONAL REGISTER for 1852 will
+  contain, in addition to the more than usual contents of an
+  Almanack for Family Use, a list of the Universities of the United
+  Kingdom, with the Heads of Houses, Professors, &c. A list of the
+  various Colleges connected with the Church of England, Roman
+  Catholics, and various Dissenting bodies. Together with a complete
+  List of all the Foundation and Grammar Schools, with an Account of
+  the Scholarships and Exhibitions attached to them; to which is
+  added an Appendix, containing an Account of the Committee of
+  Council on Education, and of the various Training Institutions for
+  Teachers; compiled from original sources.
+
+  WHITAKER'S PENNY ALMANACK FOR CHURCHMEN. Containing thirty-six
+  pages of Useful Information, including a Table of the Lessons;
+  Lists of both Houses of Parliament, &c. &c., stitched in a neat
+  wrapper.
+
+  JOHN HENRY PARKER, Oxford and London.
+
+
+Now ready, Price 25_s._, Second Edition, revised and corrected.
+Dedicated by Special Permission to
+
+  THE (LATE) ARCHBISHOP OF CANTERBURY.
+
+  PSALMS AND HYMNS FOR THE SERVICE OF THE CHURCH. The words selected
+  by the Very Rev. H. H. MILMAN, D.D., Dean of St. Paul's. The Music
+  arranged for Four Voices, but applicable also to Two or One,
+  including Chants for the Services, Responses to the commandments,
+  and a Concise SYSTEM OF CHANTING, by J. B. SALE, Musical
+  Instructor and Organist to Her Majesty. 4to., neat, in morocco
+  cloth, price 25_s._ To be had of Mr. J. B. SALE, 21. Holywell
+  Street, Millbank, Westminster, on the receipt of a Post Office
+  Order for that amount: and by order, of the principal Booksellers
+  and Music Warehouses.
+
+  "A great advance on the works we have hitherto had, connected with
+  our Church and Cathedral Service."--_Times._
+
+  "A collection of Psalm Tunes certainly unequalled in this
+  country."--_Literary Gazette._
+
+  "One of the best collections of tunes which we have yet seen. Well
+  merits the distinguished patronage under which it
+  appears."--_Musical World._
+
+  "A collection of Psalms and Hymns, together with a system of
+  Chanting of a very superior character to any which has hitherto
+  appeared."--_John Bull._
+
+  London: GEORGE BELL, 186. Fleet Street.
+
+  Also, lately published,
+
+  J. B. SALE'S SANCTUS, COMMANDMENTS and CHANTS as performed at the
+  Chapel Royal St. James, price 2_s._
+
+  C. LONSDALE, 26. Old Bond Street.
+
+
+Now ready, royal 4to., half bound, 38 Plates, 1_l._ 11_s._ 6_d._,
+Coloured 2_l._ 2_s._,
+
+  ANTIQUARIAN GLEANINGS IN THE NORTH OF ENGLAND; being examples of
+  Antique Furniture Plate, Church Decorations, Objects of Historical
+  Interest, &c. Drawn and Etched by WILLIAM B. SCOTT, Government
+  School of Design, Newcastle, containing--Antiquities in Jarrow
+  Church--Swords of Cromwell, Lambert, Fairfax, &c.--Norman Wall
+  paintings--Antiquities in York Minster--Rosary of Mary Queen of
+  Scots--Antiquities at Hexham--Stained Glass, &c. in Wetheral
+  Church--Figures of the Apostles in Carlisle Cathedral--Drinking
+  Vessels, Carvings, &c.
+
+  "A collection of Antiquarian Relics, chiefly in the decorative
+  branch of art, preserved in the Northern Counties, portrayed by a
+  very competent hand. Many of the objects possess considerable
+  interest; such as the chair of the Venerable Bede, Cromwell's
+  sword and watch, and the grace-cup of Thomas à Becket. All are
+  drawn with that distinctness which makes them available for the
+  antiquarian, for the artist who is studying costume, and for the
+  study of decorative art."--_Spectator._
+
+  Parts 3 and 4 may be had to complete Sets; price together, 10_s._
+  Plain, 15_s._ Coloured.
+
+  London: GEORGE BELL, 186. Fleet Street.
+
+
+SPECIAL NOTICE TO INTENDING ASSURERS.
+
+  INTENDING Life Assurers are respectfully invited to compare the
+  principles, rates, and whole provisions of the
+
+  SCOTTISH PROVIDENT INSTITUTION
+
+  with those of any existing company.
+
+  In this Society the whole profits are divisible among the
+  policy-holders, who are at the same time exempt from personal
+  liability. It claims superiority, however, over other mutual
+  offices in the following particulars.
+
+  1. Premiums at early and middle ages about a fourth lower. See
+  specimens below.(*)
+
+  2. A more accurate adjustment of the rates of premium to the
+  several ages.
+
+  3. A principle in the division of the surplus more safe,
+  equitable, and favourable to good lives.
+
+  4. Exemption from entry money.
+
+      (*) Annual Premiums for 100_l._, with Whole Profits.
+
+      --------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------
+       Age 20 |   25  |   30  |   35  |   40  |   45  |   50  |  55
+      --------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------
+      £1 15  8|1 18  0|2  1  6|2  6 10|2 14  9|3  4  9|4  1  7|5  1 11
+      --------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------
+
+      (*) Annual Premiums for 100_l._, with Whole Profits, payable
+          for 21 years only.
+
+      --------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------
+       Age 20 |   25  |   30  |   35  |   40  |   45  |   50
+      --------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------
+            10|2 10  8|2 14  6|2 19  8|3  6  4|3 14  9|4  7  2
+      --------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------
+
+      All policies indisputable unless obtained by fraud.
+
+  Forms of proposal, prospectus containing full tables, copies of
+  the Twelfth Annual Report, and every information, will be
+  forwarded (gratis) on application at the London Office, 12.
+  Moorgate Street.
+
+  GEORGE GRANT, Agent for London.
+
+
+Vols. I. and II. now ready.
+
+  Elegantly bound in ultramarine cloth, gilt edges, price 6_s._
+  each.
+
+  GIRLHOOD OF SHAKSPEARE'S HEROINES.
+
+  A Series of Fifteen Tales. By MARY COWDEN CLARKE. Periodically, in
+  One Shilling Books, each containing a complete Story.
+
+  Vol. I. Price 6_s._
+
+      Tale I. PORTIA: THE HEIRESS OF BELMONT.
+      Tale II. THE THANE'S DAUGHTER.
+      Tale III. HELENA: THE PHYSICIAN'S ORPHAN.
+      Tale IV. DESDEMONA: THE MAGNIFICO'S CHILD.
+      Tale V. MEG AND ALICE: THE MERRY MAIDS OF WINDSOR.
+
+  Vol. II. Price 6_s._
+
+      Tale VI. ISABELLA: THE VOTARESS.
+      Tale VII. KATHARINA AND BIANCA: THE SHREW, AND THE DEMURE.
+      Tale VIII. OPHELIA: THE ROSE OF ELSINORE.
+      Tale IX. ROSALIND AND CELIA: THE FRIENDS.
+      Tale X. JULIET: THE WHITE DOVE OF VERONA.
+
+  Vol. III. (In progress.)
+
+      Tale XI. BEATRICE AND HERO: THE COUSINS.
+      Tale XII. OLIVIA: THE LADY OF ILLYRIA.
+
+  SMITH & CO., 136. Strand; and SIMPKIN & CO., Stationers' Hall Court.
+
+
+NEW PUBLICATIONS.
+
+  Just published, post 8vo. cloth, 10_s._ 6_d._
+
+  THE LIFE OF JOHN STERLING. By THOMAS CARLYLE.
+
+  "Will be likely to find an eager and a gratified
+  audience."--_Athenæum._
+
+  In a few days, in 1 vol. fcap. cloth,
+
+  OUTLINES OF THE HISTORY OF THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE. With Illustrative
+  Specimens. For the Use of Colleges and Schools. By GEORGE L.
+  CRAIK, Professor of History and of English Literature in Queen's
+  College, Belfast.
+
+  London: CHAPMAN & HALL, 193. Piccadilly.
+
+
+ANGLO-SAXON BOOKS CHEAP.--Bosworth's Dictionary, first edition, with the
+Preface, 1838, royal 8vo. cloth, 38_s._--The same, 2nd edition, 8vo.
+1849, cloth, 10_s._--Ettmülleri Lexicon Anglo-Saxonicum, 8vo. 840 pp.
+ed. 1851, 12_s._ 6_d._--Thorpe, Analecta Anglo-Saxonica, a Selection in
+Prose and Verse, with a Glossary, 8vo. 2nd edition. 1846, cloth,
+7_s._--Richthofen's Alt-Friesisches Wörterbuch, stout 4to. Goett. 1840,
+sd. 6_s._ 6_d._
+
+  Catalogues of Rare and Cheap Books in all the Dialects of Europe
+  GRATIS.
+
+  BERNARD QUARITCH, Foreign Second-hand Bookseller, 16. Castle
+  Street, Leicester Square.
+
+
+PROVIDENT LIFE OFFICE, 50. REGENT STREET. CITY BRANCH: 2. ROYAL EXCHANGE
+BUILDINGS.
+
+      Established 1806.
+      Policy Holders' Capital, 1,192,818_l._
+      Annual Income, 150,000_l._--Bonuses Declared, 743,000_l._
+      Claims paid since the Establishment of the Office, 2,001,450_l._
+
+      _President._
+      The Right Honourable EARL GREY.
+
+      _Directors._
+      The Rev. James Sherman, _Chairman_.
+      Henry Blencowe Churchill, Esq., _Deputy-Chairman_.
+      Henry B. Alexander, Esq.
+      George Dacre, Esq.
+      William Judd, Esq.
+      Sir Richard D. King, Bart.
+      The Hon. Arthur Kinnaird
+      Thomas Maugham, Esq.
+      William Ostler, Esq.
+      Apsley Pellatt, Esq.
+      George Round, Esq.
+      Frederick Squire, Esq.
+      William Henry Stone, Esq.
+      Capt. William John Williams.
+
+      J. A. Beaumont, Esq., _Managing Director_.
+
+      _Physician_--John Maclean, M.D. F.S.S., 29. Upper Montague
+      Street, Montague Square.
+
+  NINETEEN-TWENTIETHS OF THE PROFITS ARE DIVIDED AMONG THE INSURED.
+
+  Examples of the Extinction of Premiums by the Surrender of Bonuses.
+
+      Date of Policy. 1806
+      Sum Insured. £2500
+      Original Premium. £79  10  10 Extinguished
+      Bonuses added subsequently, to be further interested annually.
+          £1222   2   0
+
+      Date of Policy. 1811
+      Sum Insured. £1000
+      Original Premium. £ 33  19   2 Ditto [Extinguished]
+      Bonuses added subsequently, to be further interested annually.
+           £231  17   8
+
+      Date of Policy. 1818
+      Sum Insured. £1000
+      Original Premium. £ 34  16  10 Ditto [Extinguished]
+      Bonuses added subsequently, to be further interested annually.
+           £114  18  10
+
+  Examples of Bonuses added to other Policies.
+
+       Policy No.  521
+       Date. 1807
+       Sum Insured.  £900
+       Bonus added. £982  12  1
+       Total with Additions to be further increased. £1882  12  1
+
+       Policy No. 1174
+       Date. 1810
+       Sum Insured. £1200
+       Bonus added. £1160   5  6
+       Total with Additions to be further increased. £2360   5  6
+
+       Policy No. 3392
+       Date. 1820
+       Sum Insured. £5000
+       Bonus added. £3558  17  8
+       Total with Additions to be further increased. £8558  17  8
+
+  Prospectuses and full particulars may be obtained upon application
+  to the Agents of the Office, in all the principal Towns of the
+  United Kingdom, at the City Branch, and at the Head Office, No.
+  50. Regent Street.
+
+
+WESTERN LIFE ASSURANCE AND ANNUITY SOCIETY,
+
+  3. PARLIAMENT STREET, LONDON.
+
+      Founded A.D. 1842.
+
+      _Directors._
+
+      H. Edgeworth Bicknell, Esq.
+      William Cabell, Esq.
+      T. Somers Cocks, Jun. Esq. M.P.
+      G. Henry Drew, Esq.
+      William Evans, Esq.
+      William Freeman, Esq.
+      F. Fuller, Esq.
+      J. Henry Goodhart, Esq.
+      T. Grissell, Esq.
+      James Hunt, Esq.
+      J. Arscott Lethbridge, Esq.
+      E. Lucas, Esq.
+      James Lys Seager, Esq.
+      J. Basley White, Esq.
+      Joseph Carter Wood, Esq.
+
+      _Trustees._
+
+      W. Whateley, Esq., Q.C.
+      L. C. Humfrey, Esq., Q.C.
+      George Drew, Esq.
+
+      _Consulting Counsel._--Sir William P. Wood, M.P., Solicitor-General.
+      _Physician._--William Rich. Basham, M.D.
+      _Bankers._--Messrs. Cocks, Biddulph, and Co., Charing Cross.
+
+  VALUABLE PRIVILEGE.
+
+  Policies effected in this Office do not become void through
+  temporary difficulty in paying a Premium, as permission is given
+  upon application to suspend the payment at interest, according to
+  the conditions detailed in the Prospectus.
+
+  Specimens of Rates of Premium for Assuring 100_l._, with a Share
+  in three-fourths of the Profits:--
+
+      Age    £    _s._    _d._
+      17     1     14      4
+      22     1     18      8
+      27     2      4      5
+      32     2     10      8
+      37     2     18      6
+      42     3      8      2
+
+      ARTHUR SCRATCHLEY, M.A., F.R.A.S., Actuary.
+
+  Now ready, price 10_s._ 6_d._, Second Edition, with material
+  additions, INDUSTRIAL INVESTMENT and EMIGRATION; being a TREATISE
+  on BENEFIT BUILDING SOCIETIES, and on the General Principles of
+  Land Investment, exemplified in the Cases of Freehold Land
+  Societies, Building Companies, &c. With a Mathematical Appendix on
+  Compound Interest and Life Assurance. By ARTHUR SCRATCHLEY, M.A.,
+  Actuary to the Western Life Assurance Society, 3. Parliament
+  Street, London.
+
+
+MESSRS. PUTTICK AND SIMPSON beg to announce that their season for SALES
+of LITERARY PROPERTY will COMMENCE on NOVEMBER 1st, and would call
+attention to the ensuing List of Sales in preparation by them. In
+addressing Executors and others entrusted with the disposal of
+Libraries, and collections (however limited or extensive) of
+Manuscripts, Autographs, Prints, Pictures, Music, Musical Instruments,
+Objects of Art and Virtu, and Works connected with Literature, and the
+Arts generally, would suggest a Sale by Auction as the readiest and
+surest method of obtaining their full value; and conceive that the
+central situation of their premises (near St. James's Church), their
+extensive connexion of more than half a century's standing, and their
+prompt settlement of the sale accounts in cash, are advantages that will
+not be unappreciated. Messrs. P. & S. will also receive small Parcels of
+Books or other Literary Property, and insert them in occasional Sales
+with property of a kindred description, thus giving the same advantages
+to the possessor of a few Lots as to the owner of a large Collection.
+
+  [Star symbol] Libraries Catalogued, Arranged, and Valued for the
+  Probate or Legacy Duty, or for Public or Private Sale.
+
+  On Saturday, Nov. 1, a large Collection of VALUABLE BOOKS, removed
+  from the Country, including many curious and rare Works, and a
+  good selection of Modern Literature. Six days' sale.
+
+  On Wednesday, Nov. 12, EFFECTS of the late STANESBY ALCHORNE,
+  Esq., of the Tower, including his Numismatic Library, very
+  important MSS. relating to Mint Affairs, Royal and other
+  Autographs (30 of Sir Isaac Newton), the celebrated Hydrostatic
+  Balance made for the adjustment of the Standard in 1758, a most
+  important series of weights, including the original and unique
+  Troy Pound, the Collection of Coins and Medals in gold and silver,
+  in the finest condition, many patterns and proofs, and a
+  well-known and very important picture by Murillo.
+
+  On Saturday, Nov. 15, a very extensive and important Collection of
+  MANUSCRIPTS, CHARTERS, DEEDS, and other DOCUMENTS, chiefly
+  relating to English County and Family History.
+
+  On Monday, Nov. 17, the LIBRARY of the late RICHARD JONES, Esq.,
+  removed from his residence, Chapel Street, Belgrave Square,
+  including an excellent Collection of Dramatic and General
+  Literature. Four days' sale.
+
+  A Selection of CURIOUS BOOKS and MANUSCRIPTS of an eminent
+  Collector, deceased. Two days' sale.
+
+  A Collection of AUTOGRAPH LETTERS and Documents of considerable
+  interest, the property of a well-known Collector relinquishing
+  that part of his Collection.
+
+  The concluding portion of the Collection of AUTOGRAPH LETTERS of
+  Mons. A. DONNADIEU, comprising, mainly, the period of the first
+  French Revolution. Three days' sale.
+
+  The MUSICAL COLLECTIONS of a Gentleman recently deceased,
+  including some engraved plates of Copyright Works, Musical
+  Instruments, &c.
+
+  The very important and extensive LIBRARY of the COUNT MONDIDIER,
+  recently imported, especially rich in Foreign Literature, and
+  comprising an extraordinary Collection of Books relating to
+  America, Voyages, Travels, and Itineraries, including some of the
+  rarest Works in these classics, and many which have been hitherto
+  unknown to Bibliographers. Ten days' sale.
+
+  [Star symbol] Catalogues of any of the before named Collections
+  will be sent on application to the Auctioneers, 191. Piccadilly.
+
+
+Price 2_s._ 6_d._; by Post 3_s._
+
+  ILLUSTRATION AND ENQUIRIES RELATING TO MESMERISM. Part I. By the
+  Rev. S. R. MAITLAND, D.D., F.R.S., F.S.A. Sometime Librarian to
+  the late Archbishop of Canterbury, and Keeper of the MSS. at
+  Lambeth.
+
+  "One of the most valuable and interesting pamphlets we ever
+  read."--_Morning Herald._
+
+  "This publication, which promises to be the commencement of a
+  larger work, will well repay serious perusal."--_Ir. Eccl. Journ._
+
+  "A small pamphlet in which he throws a startling light on the
+  practices of modern Mesmerism."--_Nottingham Journal._
+
+  "Dr. Maitland, we consider, has here brought Mesmerism to the
+  'touchstone of truth,' to the test of the standard of right or
+  wrong. We thank him for this first instalment of his inquiry, and
+  hope that he will not long delay the remaining portions."--_London
+  Medical Gazette._
+
+  "The Enquiries are extremely curious, we should indeed say
+  important. That relating to the Witch of Endor is one of the most
+  successful we ever read. We cannot enter into particulars in this
+  brief notice; but we would strongly recommend the pamphlet even to
+  those who care nothing about Mesmerism, or _angry_ (for it has
+  come to this at last) with the subject."--_Dublin Evening Post._
+
+  "We recommend its general perusal as being really an endeavour, by
+  one whose position gives him the best facilities, to ascertain the
+  genuine character of Mesmerism, which is so much
+  disputed."--_Woolmer's Exeter Gazette._
+
+  "Dr. Maitland has bestowed a vast deal of attention on the subject
+  for many years past, and the present pamphlet is in part the
+  result of his thoughts and inquiries. There is a good deal in it
+  which we should have been glad to quote ... but we content
+  ourselves with referring our readers to the pamphlet
+  itself."--_Brit. Mag._
+
+  PIPER, BROTHERS, & CO., 23. Paternoster Row.
+
+
+BOOKS PUBLISHED BY
+
+  JOHN RUSSELL SMITH,
+
+  4. OLD COMPTON STREET, SOHO SQUARE, LONDON.
+
+  A DELECTUS IN ANGLO-SAXON, intended as a First Class-book in the
+  Language. By the Rev. W. BARNES, of St. John's College, Cambridge,
+  author of the Poems and Glossary in the Dorset dialect. 12mo.
+  cloth, 2_s._ 6_d._
+
+  "To those who wish to possess a critical knowledge of their own
+  native English, some acquaintance with Anglo-Saxon is
+  indispensable; and we have never seen an introduction better
+  calculated than the present to supply the wants of a beginner in a
+  short space of time. The declensions and conjugations are well
+  stated, and illustrated by references to the Greek, Latin, French,
+  and other languages. A philosophical spirit pervades every part.
+  The Delectus consists of short pieces on various subjects, with
+  extracts from Anglo-Saxon History and the Saxon Chronicle. There
+  is a good Glossary at the end."--_Athenæum, Oct. 20, 1849._
+
+  GUIDE TO THE ANGLO-SAXON TONGUE, with Lessons in Verse and Prose,
+  for the Use of Learners. By E. J. VERNON, B.A., Oxon. 12mo. cloth,
+  5_s._ 6_d._
+
+  [Star symbol] This will be found useful as a Second Class-book, or
+  to those well versed in other languages.
+
+  BOSWORTH'S (REV. DR.) COMPENDIOUS ANGLO-SAXON AND ENGLISH
+  DICTIONARY. 8vo. closely printed in treble columns, cloth, 12_s._
+
+  "This is not a mere abridgment of the large Dictionary, but almost
+  an entirely new work. In this compendious one will be found, at a
+  very moderate price, all that is most practical and valuable in
+  the former expensive edition, with a great accession of new words
+  and matter."--_Author's Preface._
+
+  ANALECTA ANGLO-SAXONICA. Selections in Prose and Verse from
+  Anglo-Saxon Literature, with an Introductory Ethnological Essay,
+  and Notes, critical and explanatory. By LOUIS F. KLIPSTEIN, of the
+  University of Giessen, 2 thick vols. post 8vo. cloth, 12_s._
+  (original price 18_s._)
+
+  CONSUETUDINES KANCIÆ. A History of GAVELKIND, and other remarkable
+  Customs in the County of KENT, by CHARLES SANDYS, Esq., F.S.A.
+  (Cantianus), illustrated with fac-similes, a very handsome volume,
+  8vo. cloth, 15_s._
+
+  FACTS AND SPECULATIONS ON THE ORIGIN AND HISTORY OF PLAYING CARDS.
+  By W. A. CHATTO, Author of "Jackson's History of Wood Engraving,"
+  in one handsome vol. 8vo. illustrated with many Engravings, both
+  plain and coloured, cloth, 1_l._ 1_s._
+
+  "It is exceedingly amusing."--_Atlas._
+
+  "A curious, entertaining, and really learned book."--_Rambler._
+
+  "Indeed the entire production deserves our warmest
+  approbation."--_Literary Gazette._
+
+  "A perfect fund of Antiquarian research, and most interesting even
+  to persons who never play at cards."--_Tait's Mag._
+
+  A DICTIONARY OF ARCHAIC AND PROVINCIAL WORDS, Obsolete Phrases,
+  Proverbs, and Ancient Customs, from the reign of Edward I. By
+  JAMES ORCHARD HALLIWELL, F.R.S., F.S.A., &c. 2 vols. 8vo.
+  containing upwards of 1,000 pages, closely printed in double
+  columns, cloth 1_l._ 1_s._
+
+  It contains above 50,000 Words (embodying all the known scattered
+  Glossaries of the English language), forming a complete key to the
+  reading of the works of our old Poets, Dramatists, Theologians,
+  and other authors, whose works abound with allusions, of which
+  explanations are not to be found in ordinary Dictionaries and
+  books of reference. Most of the principal Archaisms are
+  illustrated by examples selected from early inedited MSS. and rare
+  books, and by far the greater portion will be found to be original
+  authorities.
+
+  BRUCE'S (REV. J. C.) HISTORICAL AND TOPOGRAPHICAL ACCOUNT OF THE
+  ROMAN WALL FROM THE TYNE TO THE SOLWAY. Thick 8vo. 35 plates and
+  194 woodcuts, half morocco, 1_l._ 1_s._
+
+  GUIDE TO ARCHÆOLOGY. An Archæological Index to Remains of
+  Antiquity of the Celtic, Romano-British, and Anglo-Saxon periods.
+  By JOHN YONGE AKERMAN, fellow and secretary to the Society of
+  Antiquaries. 1 vol. 8vo. illustrated with numerous engravings,
+  comprising upwards of 500 objects, cloth, 15_s._
+
+  "One of the first wants of an incipient antiquary is the facility
+  of comparison, and here it is furnished him at one glance. The
+  plates, indeed, form the most valuable part of the book, both by
+  their number and the judicious selection of types and examples
+  which they contain. It is a book which we can, on this account,
+  safely and warmly recommend to all who are interested in the
+  antiquities of their native land."--_Literary Gazette._
+
+  "A book of such utility--so concise, so clear, so well condensed
+  from such varied and voluminous sources--cannot fail to be
+  generally acceptable."--_Art Union._
+
+  COINS. An Introduction to the Study of Ancient and Modern Coins.
+  By J. Y. AKERMAN. Fcp. 8vo. with numerous wood engravings, from
+  the original coins, 6_s._ 6_d._
+
+  COINS OF THE ROMANS RELATING TO BRITAIN, described and
+  illustrated. By J. Y. AKERMAN, F.S.A. Second edition, 8vo. greatly
+  enlarged with plates and woodcuts, 10_s._ 6_d._ cloth.
+
+  SMITH'S (C. ROACH) ANTIQUITIES OF RICHBOROUGH, RECULVER, AND
+  LYMNE, IN KENT. Small 4to. many plates, cloth, 1_l._ 1_s._
+
+  A LITTLE BOOK OF SONGS AND BALLADS, gathered from Ancient Musick
+  Books, MS. and Printed. By E. F. RIMBAULT, LL.D., &c. Post 8vo.
+  pp. 240, half-bound in morocco, 6_s._
+
+  ---- Antique Ballads, sung to crowds of old, Now cheaply bought
+  for thrice their weight in gold.
+
+  BIBLIOTHECA MADRIGALIANA; a Bibliographical Account of the Music
+  and Poetical Works published in England in the Sixteenth and
+  Seventeenth Centuries, under the Titles of Madrigals, Ballets,
+  Ayres, Canzonets, &c. By DR. RIMBAULT. 8vo. cloth, 5_s._
+
+  HERALDS' VISITATIONS. An Index to all the Pedigrees and Arms in
+  the Heraldic Visitations and other Genealogical MSS. in the
+  British Museum. By G. SIMS, of the Manuscript Department. 8vo.
+  closely printed in double columns, cloth, 15_s._
+
+  [Star symbol] An indispensable book to those engaged in
+  genealogical or topographical pursuits, affording a ready clue to
+  the pedigrees and arms of above 30,000 of the gentry of England,
+  their residences, &c. (distinguishing the different families of
+  the same name, in every county), as recorded by the Heralds in
+  their Visitations, with Indexes to other genealogical MSS. in the
+  British Museum. It has been the work of immense labour. No public
+  library ought to be without it.
+
+  THE NURSERY RHYMES OF ENGLAND, collected chiefly from oral
+  tradition. Edited by J. O. HALLIWELL. Fourth edition, 12mo. with
+  38 Designs by W. B. Scott. 4_s._ 6_d._ cloth.
+
+  POPULAR RHYMES AND NURSERY TALES, with Historical Elucidations; a
+  Sequel to "The Nursery Rhymes of England." Edited by J. O.
+  HALLIWELL. Royal 18mo. 4_s._ 6_d._
+
+  HOLBEIN'S DANCE OF DEATH, with an Historical and Literary
+  Introduction by an Antiquary. Square post 8vo. with 54 Engravings,
+  being the most accurate copies ever executed of these gems of Art,
+  and a Frontispiece of an Ancient Bedstead at Aix-la-Chapelle, with
+  a Dance of Death carved on it, engraved by Fairholt, cloth, 9_s._
+
+  "The designs are executed with a spirit and fidelity quite
+  extraordinary. They are indeed most truthful."--_Athenæum._
+
+
+
+
+Printed by THOMAS CLARK SHAW, of No. 8. New Street Square, at No. 5. New
+Street Square, in the Parish of St. Bride in the City of London; and
+published by GEORGE BELL, of No. 186. Fleet Street, in the Parish of St.
+Dunstan in the West, in the City of London, Publisher, at No. 186. Fleet
+Street aforesaid.--Saturday, October 25. 1851.
+
+
+
+
+      [List of volumes and pages in "Notes and Queries", Vol. I-IV]
+
+      +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+
+      | Notes and Queries Vol. I.                                   |
+      +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+
+      | Vol., No.     | Date, Year        | Pages     | PG # xxxxx  |
+      +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+
+      | Vol. I No.  1 | November  3, 1849 |   1 -  17 | PG #  8603  |
+      | Vol. I No.  2 | November 10, 1849 |  18 -  32 | PG # 11265  |
+      | Vol. I No.  3 | November 17, 1849 |  33 -  46 | PG # 11577  |
+      | Vol. I No.  4 | November 24, 1849 |  49 -  63 | PG # 13513  |
+      +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+
+      | Vol. I No.  5 | December  1, 1849 |  65 -  80 | PG # 11636  |
+      | Vol. I No.  6 | December  8, 1849 |  81 -  95 | PG # 13550  |
+      | Vol. I No.  7 | December 15, 1849 |  97 - 112 | PG # 11651  |
+      | Vol. I No.  8 | December 22, 1849 | 113 - 128 | PG # 11652  |
+      | Vol. I No.  9 | December 29, 1849 | 130 - 144 | PG # 13521  |
+      +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+
+      | Vol. I No. 10 | January   5, 1850 | 145 - 160 | PG #        |
+      | Vol. I No. 11 | January  12, 1850 | 161 - 176 | PG # 11653  |
+      | Vol. I No. 12 | January  19, 1850 | 177 - 192 | PG # 11575  |
+      | Vol. I No. 13 | January  26, 1850 | 193 - 208 | PG # 11707  |
+      +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+
+      | Vol. I No. 14 | February  2, 1850 | 209 - 224 | PG # 13558  |
+      | Vol. I No. 15 | February  9, 1850 | 225 - 238 | PG # 11929  |
+      | Vol. I No. 16 | February 16, 1850 | 241 - 256 | PG # 16193  |
+      | Vol. I No. 17 | February 23, 1850 | 257 - 271 | PG # 12018  |
+      +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+
+      | Vol. I No. 18 | March     2, 1850 | 273 - 288 | PG # 13544  |
+      | Vol. I No. 19 | March     9, 1850 | 289 - 309 | PG # 13638  |
+      | Vol. I No. 20 | March    16, 1850 | 313 - 328 | PG # 16409  |
+      | Vol. I No. 21 | March    23, 1850 | 329 - 343 | PG # 11958  |
+      | Vol. I No. 22 | March    30, 1850 | 345 - 359 | PG # 12198  |
+      +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+
+      | Vol. I No. 23 | April     6, 1850 | 361 - 376 | PG # 12505  |
+      | Vol. I No. 24 | April    13, 1850 | 377 - 392 | PG # 13925  |
+      | Vol. I No. 25 | April    20, 1850 | 393 - 408 | PG # 13747  |
+      | Vol. I No. 26 | April    27, 1850 | 409 - 423 | PG # 13822  |
+      +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+
+      | Vol. I No. 27 | May       4, 1850 | 425 - 447 | PG # 13712  |
+      | Vol. I No. 28 | May      11, 1850 | 449 - 463 | PG # 13684  |
+      | Vol. I No. 29 | May      18, 1850 | 465 - 479 | PG # 15197  |
+      | Vol. I No. 30 | May      25, 1850 | 481 - 495 | PG # 13713  |
+      +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+
+      | Notes and Queries Vol. II.                                  |
+      +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+
+      | Vol., No.      | Date, Year         | Pages   | PG # xxxxx  |
+      +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+
+      | Vol. II No. 31 | June  1, 1850      |   1- 15 | PG # 12589  |
+      | Vol. II No. 32 | June  8, 1850      |  17- 32 | PG # 15996  |
+      | Vol. II No. 33 | June 15, 1850      |  33- 48 | PG # 26121  |
+      | Vol. II No. 34 | June 22, 1850      |  49- 64 | PG # 22127  |
+      | Vol. II No. 35 | June 29, 1850      |  65- 79 | PG # 22126  |
+      +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+
+      | Vol. II No. 36 | July  6, 1850      |  81- 96 | PG # 13361  |
+      | Vol. II No. 37 | July 13, 1850      |  97-112 | PG # 13729  |
+      | Vol. II No. 38 | July 20, 1850      | 113-128 | PG # 13362  |
+      | Vol. II No. 39 | July 27, 1850      | 129-143 | PG # 13736  |
+      +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+
+      | Vol. II No. 40 | August  3, 1850    | 145-159 | PG # 13389  |
+      | Vol. II No. 41 | August 10, 1850    | 161-176 | PG # 13393  |
+      | Vol. II No. 42 | August 17, 1850    | 177-191 | PG # 13411  |
+      | Vol. II No. 43 | August 24, 1850    | 193-207 | PG # 13406  |
+      | Vol. II No. 44 | August 31, 1850    | 209-223 | PG # 13426  |
+      +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+
+      | Vol. II No. 45 | September  7, 1850 | 225-240 | PG # 13427  |
+      | Vol. II No. 46 | September 14, 1850 | 241-256 | PG # 13462  |
+      | Vol. II No. 47 | September 21, 1850 | 257-272 | PG # 13936  |
+      | Vol. II No. 48 | September 28, 1850 | 273-288 | PG # 13463  |
+      +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+
+      | Vol. II No. 49 | October  5, 1850   | 289-304 | PG # 13480  |
+      | Vol. II No. 50 | October 12, 1850   | 305-320 | PG # 13551  |
+      | Vol. II No. 51 | October 19, 1850   | 321-351 | PG # 15232  |
+      | Vol. II No. 52 | October 26, 1850   | 353-367 | PG # 22624  |
+      +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+
+      | Vol. II No. 53 | November  2, 1850  | 369-383 | PG # 13540  |
+      | Vol. II No. 54 | November  9, 1850  | 385-399 | PG # 22138  |
+      | Vol. II No. 55 | November 16, 1850  | 401-415 | PG # 15216  |
+      | Vol. II No. 56 | November 23, 1850  | 417-431 | PG # 15354  |
+      | Vol. II No. 57 | November 30, 1850  | 433-454 | PG # 15405  |
+      +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+
+      | Vol. II No. 58 | December  7, 1850  | 457-470 | PG # 21503  |
+      | Vol. II No. 59 | December 14, 1850  | 473-486 | PG # 15427  |
+      | Vol. II No. 60 | December 21, 1850  | 489-502 | PG # 24803  |
+      | Vol. II No. 61 | December 28, 1850  | 505-524 | PG # 16404  |
+      +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+
+      | Notes and Queries Vol. III.                                 |
+      +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+
+      | Vol., No.       | Date, Year        | Pages   | PG # xxxxx  |
+      +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+
+      | Vol. III No. 62 | January  4, 1851  |   1- 15 | PG # 15638  |
+      | Vol. III No. 63 | January 11, 1851  |  17- 31 | PG # 15639  |
+      | Vol. III No. 64 | January 18, 1851  |  33- 47 | PG # 15640  |
+      | Vol. III No. 65 | January 25, 1851  |  49- 78 | PG # 15641  |
+      +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+
+      | Vol. III No. 66 | February  1, 1851 |  81- 95 | PG # 22339  |
+      | Vol. III No. 67 | February  8, 1851 |  97-111 | PG # 22625  |
+      | Vol. III No. 68 | February 15, 1851 | 113-127 | PG # 22639  |
+      | Vol. III No. 69 | February 22, 1851 | 129-159 | PG # 23027  |
+      +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+
+      | Vol. III No. 70 | March  1, 1851    | 161-174 | PG # 23204  |
+      | Vol. III No. 71 | March  8, 1851    | 177-200 | PG # 23205  |
+      | Vol. III No. 72 | March 15, 1851    | 201-215 | PG # 23212  |
+      | Vol. III No. 73 | March 22, 1851    | 217-231 | PG # 23225  |
+      | Vol. III No. 74 | March 29, 1851    | 233-255 | PG # 23282  |
+      +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+
+      | Vol. III No. 75 | April  5, 1851    | 257-271 | PG # 23402  |
+      | Vol. III No. 76 | April 12, 1851    | 273-294 | PG # 26896  |
+      | Vol. III No. 77 | April 19, 1851    | 297-311 | PG # 26897  |
+      | Vol. III No. 78 | April 26, 1851    | 313-342 | PG # 26898  |
+      +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+
+      | Vol. III No. 79 | May  3, 1851      | 345-359 | PG # 26899  |
+      | Vol. III No. 80 | May 10, 1851      | 361-382 | PG # 32495  |
+      | Vol. III No. 81 | May 17, 1851      | 385-399 | PG # 29318  |
+      | Vol. III No. 82 | May 24, 1851      | 401-415 | PG # 28311  |
+      | Vol. III No. 83 | May 31, 1851      | 417-440 | PG # 36835  |
+      +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+
+      | Vol. III No. 84 | June  7, 1851     | 441-472 | PG # 37379  |
+      | Vol. III No. 85 | June 14, 1851     | 473-488 | PG # 37403  |
+      | Vol. III No. 86 | June 21, 1851     | 489-511 | PG # 37496  |
+      | Vol. III No. 87 | June 28, 1851     | 513-528 | PG # 37516  |
+      +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+
+      | Notes and Queries Vol. IV.                                  |
+      +-----------------+--------------------+---------+------------+
+      | Vol., No.       | Date, Year         | Pages   | PG # xxxxx |
+      +-----------------+--------------------+---------+------------+
+      | Vol. IV No. 88  | July  5, 1851      |   1- 15 | PG # 37548 |
+      | Vol. IV No. 89  | July 12, 1851      |  17- 31 | PG # 37568 |
+      | Vol. IV No. 90  | July 19, 1851      |  33- 47 | PG # 37593 |
+      | Vol. IV No. 91  | July 26, 1851      |  49- 79 | PG # 37778 |
+      +-----------------+--------------------+---------+------------+
+      | Vol. IV No. 92  | August  2, 1851    |  81- 94 | PG # 38324 |
+      | Vol. IV No. 93  | August  9, 1851    |  97-112 | PG # 38337 |
+      | Vol. IV No. 94  | August 16, 1851    | 113-127 | PG # 38350 |
+      | Vol. IV No. 95  | August 23, 1851    | 129-144 | PG # 38386 |
+      | Vol. IV No. 96  | August 30, 1851    | 145-167 | PG # 38405 |
+      +-----------------+--------------------+---------+------------+
+      | Vol. IV No.  97 | Sept.  6, 1851     | 169-183 | PG # 38433 |
+      | Vol. IV No.  98 | Sept. 13, 1851     | 185-200 | PG # 38491 |
+      | Vol. IV No.  99 | Sept. 20, 1851     | 201-216 | PG # 38574 |
+      | Vol. IV No. 100 | Sept. 27, 1851     | 217-246 | PG # 38656 |
+      +-----------------+--------------------+---------+------------+
+      | Vol. IV No. 101 | Oct.  4, 1851      | 249-264 | PG # 38701 |
+      | Vol. IV No. 102 | Oct. 11, 1851      | 265-287 | PG # 38773 |
+      | Vol. IV No. 103 | Oct. 18, 1851      | 289-303 | PG # 38864 |
+      +-----------------+--------------------+---------+------------+
+      | Vol I. Index. [Nov. 1849-May 1850]             | PG # 13536 |
+      | INDEX TO THE SECOND VOLUME. MAY-DEC., 1850     | PG # 13571 |
+      | INDEX TO THE THIRD VOLUME. JAN.-JUNE, 1851     | PG # 26770 |
+      +------------------------------------------------+------------+
+
+
+
+
+
+End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Notes and Queries, Vol. IV, Number
+104, October 25, 1851, by Various
+
+*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES AND QUERIES, OCT 25, 1851 ***
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diff --git a/38926-0.zip b/38926-0.zip
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+The Project Gutenberg EBook of Notes and Queries, Vol. IV, Number 104,
+October 25, 1851, by Various
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: Notes and Queries, Vol. IV, Number 104, October 25, 1851
+       A Medium of Inter-communication for Literary Men, Artists,
+       Antiquaries, Genealogists, etc.
+
+Author: Various
+
+Editor: George Bell
+
+Release Date: February 18, 2012 [EBook #38926]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES AND QUERIES, OCT 25, 1851 ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by Charlene Taylor, Jonathan Ingram and the Online
+Distributed Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net (This
+file was produced from images generously made available
+by The Internet Library of Early Journals.)
+
+
+
+
+
+[Transcriber's note: Original spelling varieties have not been
+standardized. Old English-style letters have been marked with braces
+{d}; characters with macrons have been marked in brackets with an equal
+sign, as [=e] for a letter e with a macron on top, or [q=] for a letter
+q with a horizontal bar in the descender; [)u] shows a character with
+breve. Underscores have been used to indicate _italic_ fonts.]
+
+
+
+
+NOTES and QUERIES:
+
+A MEDIUM OF INTER-COMMUNICATION
+
+FOR
+
+LITERARY MEN, ARTISTS, ANTIQUARIES, GENEALOGISTS, ETC.
+
+"When found, make a note of."--CAPTAIN CUTTLE.
+
+VOL. IV.--No. 104. Saturday, October 25. 1851.
+
+Price Sixpence. Stamped Edition, 7_d._
+
+
+
+
+CONTENTS.
+
+                                                                Page
+
+
+      NOTES:--
+
+      The Old Countess of Desmond, No. 1.                        305
+
+      Panslavic Sketches, by Dr. J. Lotsky                       306
+
+      Monumental Bust of Shakspeare, by J. O. Halliwell          307
+
+      Notes on Passages in Virgil, by Dr. Henry                  307
+
+      Folk Lore:--Superstitions respecting Bees--Bees invited
+      to Funerals--North Side of Churchyards--Ashton
+      Faggot: a Devonshire Custom--Offerings
+      to the Apple-trees: Devonshire Superstition                308
+
+      Poetical Imitations                                        310
+
+      Gloucestershire Ballads:--A Gloucester Ditty; George
+      Ridler's Oven                                              311
+
+      The Caxton Coffer, by Bolton Corney                        312
+
+      Minor Notes:--Note on the Duration of Reigns--Cock
+      and Bull Story--"Multa renascentur," &c.--Corruptions
+      recognised as acknowledged Words                           312
+
+      QUERIES:--
+
+      Mary Queen of Scots and Bothwell's Confession              313
+
+      Minor Queries:--"'Tis Twopence now"--Scythians
+      blind their Slaves--The "Gododin"--Frontispiece to
+      Hobbes's Leviathan--Broad Arrow or Arrow Head--Deep
+      Well near Bansted Downs--Upton Court--Derivation of
+      Prog--Metrical History of England--Finger Pillories
+      in Churches--Stallenge Queries--Ancient MS. History
+      of Scotland--Pharetram de Tutesbit--Inundation at
+      Deptford--Butler's Sermons--Coleridge's
+      Christabel--Epigram ascribed to Mary Queen of Scots        314
+
+      MINOR QUERIES ANSWERED:--Meaning of Farlieu--"History
+      of Anglesey"--The Word "Rile"                              317
+
+      REPLIES:--
+
+      Winchester Execution                                       317
+
+      Cockney                                                    318
+
+      Sir Edmund Plowden or Ployden                              319
+
+      General James Wolfe                                        322
+
+      Stanzas in Childe Harold                                   323
+
+      Replies to Minor Queries:--MS. Note in a Copy of Liber
+      Sententiarum--Naturalis Proles--Print cleaning--Story
+      referred to by Jeremy Taylor--Anagrams--Battle of
+      Brunanburgh--Praed's Works--Sir J. Davies--Coins
+      of Constantius Gallus--Passage in Sedley--Buxtorf's
+      Translation of Elias Levita's "Tub Taam"--Stonehenge--Glass
+      in Windows formerly not a Fixture--Fortune, infortune,
+      fort une--Matthew Paris's "Historia Minor"--Sanford's
+      "Descensus"--Death of Pitt--History of Hawick--"Prophecies
+      of Nostradamus"--Bourchier Family--William III. at
+      Exeter--Passage in George Herbert--Suicides buried in
+      Cross Roads--Armorial Bearing--"Life of Cromwell"--Harris,
+      Painter in Water Colours--"Son of the Morning"--Grimsdyke
+      or Grimesditch--Cagots--The Serpent represented with
+      a human Head--Fire Unknown--Plant in Texas--Copying
+      Inscriptions--Chantrey's Statue of Mrs. Jordan--Portraits
+      of Burke--Martial's Distribution of Hours                  326
+
+      MISCELLANEOUS:--
+
+      Notes on Books, Sales, Catalogues, &c.                     332
+
+      Books and Odd Volumes wanted                               333
+
+      Notices to Correspondents                                  333
+
+      Advertisements                                             333
+
+
+
+
+Notes.
+
+
+THE OLD COUNTESS OF DESMOND, NO. 1.
+
+The various notices and inquiries at times in your publication
+respecting this lady, including, as they do, some sceptical doubts of
+her existence, induce me to trouble you with several particulars upon
+this subject, of which I have at sundry times, according to the
+admirable suggestion of your motto, "when found, made a note." Some of
+them, derived from local antiquarian opportunities, will be new; of all
+I shall endeavour to make an intelligible arrangement; and as the
+subject will probably extend itself too much for a single article suited
+to your pages, I propose to place it under these distinct headings:--Was
+there an _old_ Countess of Desmond? Is there _really_ a portrait of her?
+And, Who was she?
+
+In reference to the first inquiry, I would observe that the _fact_ of
+the existence of such a personage rests upon no modern or uncertain
+tradition. This aged lady, according to an account I shall mention
+presently, is supposed to have lived to the latter end of the reign of
+James I. or beginning of that of Charles I.; and mention is made of her
+by Sir Walter Raleigh, in his _History of the World_ (bk. i. p. i. c.
+5.), as "personally known to him" as having been married in the reign of
+Edward IV. (who died A.D. 1485); and who was living in 1589, and "many
+years afterwards, as all the noblemen and gentlemen of Munster can
+witness."
+
+Lord Bacon, in his _Natural History_ (cent. viii. sect. 755.) refers to
+her thus:
+
+  "They tell a tale of the old Countess of Desmond, who lived until
+  she was seven score years old; that she did _dentize_ twice or
+  thrice, casting her old teeth, and others coming in their place."
+
+Horace Walpole, in his _Historic Doubts respecting Richard III._ (p.
+102.), correcting the "misrepresentations regarding his person," says:
+
+  "The _old_ Countess of Desmond, who had danced with Richard,
+  declared he was the handsomest man in the room except his brother
+  Edward, and was very well made."
+
+This last anecdote of Walpole's is taken from an account which I
+certainly have _seen_ and read, but the name of the authority I cannot
+now recollect, which stated that the Countess actually outlived the
+"trust term for securing her jointure" (a period generally of
+ninety-nine years from the date of marriage), "and was obliged in her
+old age to appear in a court of justice to establish her rights; and
+that it was _there_ and _then_ she delivered Walpole's anecdote to the
+judge and audience." All these different yet concurring testimonies seem
+satisfactorily to establish the fact that there _was_ a Countess of
+Desmond "passing old."
+
+Then, as to her celebrated _picture_, of which I have frequently seen
+the original on _wood_, in possession of the "Right Hon. Maurice
+Fitzgerald, Knight of Kerry," and have now a print before me, there are
+some particulars and questions which may interest your readers.
+
+The print (same size as the original) is a mezzo-tint, ten inches by
+seven inches and a half, and has under it the following inscription:
+
+  "CATHERINE FITZGERALD (the long-lived) COUNTESS OF DESMOND, from
+  an original Family Picture of the same size, painted on Board, in
+  the possession of the Right Honorable Maurice Fitzgerald, Knight
+  of Kerry, &c. &c. &c., to whom this plate is most respectfully
+  dedicated by her very obedient and much obliged humble servant,
+  HENRY PELHAM.
+
+  "This illustrious lady was born about the year 1464, and was
+  married in the reign of Edward IV., lived during the reigns of
+  Edward V., Richard III., Henry VII., Henry VIII., Edward VI.,
+  Mary, and Elizabeth, and died in the latter end of James I., or
+  beginning of Charles I.'s reign, at the great age (as is generally
+  supposed) of 162 years. Published as the Act directs, at Bear
+  Island, June 4, 1806. By Henry Pelham, Esq."
+
+In this print the features are large and strongly marked; the forehead
+and upper part of the nose deeply wrinkled, the head covered with a
+large full black hood, showing no hair whatever about the face; the
+person wrapped in a dark cloak, held by a single button over the breast.
+As some of your correspondents speak of portraits of this lady at Knowle
+(Vol. iii., p. 341.), Bedgebury, and Penshurst, it may be useful to
+compare them with this description, for the following reason.
+
+Horace Walpole, whose "mission" seems to have been to raise "Historic
+Doubts," in a letter to Rev. Mr. Cole, dated May 28, 1774, has the
+following sentence:
+
+  "Mr. Pennant has given a new edition of his former _Tour_, with
+  more cuts: among others is the _vulgar_ head called the Countess
+  of Desmond. I told him I had discovered, and proved past
+  contradiction, _that it is Rembrandt's mother_. He owned it, and
+  said he would correct it by a note: but he has not. _This is a
+  brave way of being an antiquary_: as if there could be any merit
+  in giving for genuine what one knows to be spurious."
+
+This is a very _teasing_ passage. I have no copy of Pennant's _Tour_ by
+me; nor do I recollect ever to have seen one with the print here
+referred to. Probably some of your numerous correspondents will find
+one, and inform us, whether the print in it resembles the description I
+have given. It is not at all probable that Pennant's "cut" was copied
+from the Knight of Kerry's picture: but _if_ it was copied from any of
+those mentioned by your correspondents; and _if_ these be duplicates of
+the Knight of Kerry's "family portrait;" and _if_ Horace Walpole's cruel
+criticism on Mr. Pennant be correct--then have we all been _shamed with
+a sham_. These are a considerable number of _ifs_, upon which this
+conclusion depends; but in one thing Walpole is correct: "there is no
+merit in giving for genuine what one knows to be spurious."
+
+Of the Mr. Pelham who published the print I have described, there are
+some particulars which may interest your readers. He will be found among
+the correspondents of the late General Vallancey, whose interest in
+Irish antiquities is well known. Mr. Pelham was an ingenious gentleman,
+who came to Kerry in the end of the last century, in the character of
+agent to the Marquis of Lansdowne; which engagement, after a few years,
+he resigned, but continued in the county, a zealous studier of its
+antiquities, and intending, as I have heard, either a new County History
+or a reprint of Smith's work. He was a good civil engineer, and executed
+a great part of a large county and baronial map, afterwards finished by
+another hand. Mr. Pelham, who perished prematurely by sudden death, in
+his boat, while superintending the building of a Martello tower on Bear
+Island, in the River Kenmare, in the very year he published this print,
+is said to have been an uncle by half-blood to the present Lord
+Lyndhurst, whose grandmother, Sarah Singleton, is said to have married
+to her second husband, ---- Pelham, an American--Henry Pelham being the
+only issue of her second marriage, as John Singleton Copley, father to
+the ex-chancellor, was of her first. In my next I propose to consider
+the question, Who was the old Countess of Desmond?
+
+    A. B. R.
+
+
+PANSLAVIC SKETCHES.
+
+The idea and conception of _Panslavism_ are the produce of the
+latent political events on the Continent, viz. the idea of a
+_re-crystallisation_ of a race of people comprising even now sixty
+millions, and which in former epochs extended from Archangelsk to
+Tissalonichi, where it bordered on the abodes of the Hellenic race.
+Having lost their primeval (Indian) civilisation by migrations which
+extend to times historical, the only monuments testifying to their most
+ancient origin are the languages of these various tribes,--the Russians,
+Czechs, Poles, &c. But these languages have all acquired a more modern
+type, by a great susception of Greek, Tartarian, Latin, Turkish, and
+German phrases and constructions. Fortunately, however, there have been
+other branches of this huge nation-tree, which, settled on the shores of
+the German ocean, afar from the tracts of migration and the stations of
+war, have escaped the influence of the changes contingent on the
+contentions and intercourse of men. And thus, the _Old Prussian_, the
+_Lithuanian_, and the _Lettish_ tongues (dialects) have escaped, as it
+were, the changes of improvement, and have remained, in the mouth of
+aboriginal inhabitants, such as they were many centuries ago. If the
+mythology of the Slavian nations, and their universal complex of
+languages, are undoubtedly _Indian_ (Sanscrit), the above-named three
+dialects have retained _most_ of their primordial type. I subjoin the
+Lord's Prayer, written in these three ancient Slavonic dialects, now
+hardly understood by any other save those very same tribes. The
+approximation to Sanscrit is most striking, and deserves the notice of
+philologists. As a number of persons conversant with Sanscrit, and even
+the dialects spoken in India, are to be met with in the British capital,
+their attention is most respectfully called to these venerable remains
+of old _Panslavic_ tongues.
+
+    DR. J. LOTSKY, Panslave.
+
+  8. Robert Street, Hampstead Road.
+
+
+THE LORD'S PRAYER.
+
+_Old Prussian._
+
+Tava nuson, kas tu essei en dangon, svintints virst tvais emnes; pereit
+tvais ryks; tvais quaits audasin kagi en dandon tyt deigi no semien,
+nuson deinennin geitien dais numans [=s]an deinan; bhe etverpeis numas
+nusons ausautins, kaimes etverpimai nusons au[=s]autenikamans; bhe ni
+veddeis mans em perbandasnan, [=s]lait isrankeis mans esse vissan
+vargan.
+
+_Lithuanian._
+
+Tive mus�, kurs essi danguie, te essie [=s]ven[=e]amas tavo vardas; te
+ateinie tavo karaliste; te nusid[)u]die tavo vale, kaip danguie taip ir
+ant [=z]�m�s; d[)u]na mus� diesni[=s]ka d�k mums ir sa diena; ir att�isk
+mums mus� kattes, kaip mes att�idsam savo kattiemus; ir ne vesk mus i
+pagundima, bet g�lb�k mus n[)u] pikto.
+
+_Letton (Lettish.)_
+
+M�su t�vs debbes�s, sv�t�ts lai t�p tavs v�rds, lai n�k tava valstiba;
+tavs pr�ts lai noteek, ka debbes�s ta arridzan zemmes virz�; m�s�
+deeni[=s]ku maiz d�d mums [=s]odeen; un pametti mums m�su parradus, ka
+arrim�s pamettam saveem parradneekeem; un ne ceveddi m�s eek[=s]
+k�rdina[=s]anas, bet atpesti m�s no ta launa.
+
+
+MONUMENTAL BUST OF SHAKSPEARE.
+
+Mr. T. Kite, the parish clerk of Stratford-on-Avon, has recently
+completed a copy in imitation stone from a cast of the monumental bust
+of Shakspeare, which appears to me, after a very close and minute
+comparison, to be a far more faithful transcript of the original than
+any of the kind hitherto accessible to the public. It gives in detail
+most accurately those peculiarities which led Sir F. Chantrey to the
+opinion that the artist worked from a cast made after death; and if you
+would kindly spare a few lines of your paper for a paragraph to that
+effect, I feel sure you would not only confer a benefit on Shakspearian
+collectors, but at the same time pay a just tribute to Mr. Kite, for the
+intelligent pains he has bestowed upon the work. It is scarcely
+necessary to say an accurate copy of the Stratford bust is the best
+memorial of Shakspeare the public can possess, it being so much superior
+in authenticity to any other resemblance.
+
+    J. O. HALLIWELL.
+
+  Stratford on Avon, Oct. 15.
+
+
+NOTES ON PASSAGES IN VIRGIL.
+
+      I. "Acti Fatis."--_Virg. �n. I. 36._
+
+  "Si _fatis_, nulla Junonis invidia est. Si Junonis invidi�
+  fatigabantur quomodo dicit _acti fatis_? Sed hoc ipsum Junonis
+  odium fatale est. Agebantur _fatis_ Junonis, i.e. _voluntate_; vel
+  _fatis_, pro _malis_, ut iii. 182."--SERVIUS.
+
+  "Non tam quoniam hoc Junonis odium fatale erat, ut Servius; sed
+  potius, quoniam hi ipsi Trojanorum, errores fatales
+  erant."--HEYNE.
+
+Not only these two, but all other commentators and translators, as far
+as I know, have wholly mistaken the meaning of this passage, which is
+not _that the Trojans were_ jactati, fatigati, or agitati, _harassed, or
+driven hither and thither by the fates_, (_actus_ being never used in
+the sense assigned to it in such interpretation), but simply that they
+were _driven onward, or toward Latium, by the fates_ (acti fatis); while
+at the same time they were _driven backward, or from Latium, by Juno_,
+(arcebat longe Latio). The result was "multos per annos errabant maria
+omnia circum:" words could not more clearly express the opposition of
+the forces between which the Trojans were placed; an opposition on which
+hangs the whole action of the poem. The _invidia_ of Juno, concerning
+which Servius queries, was manifested by her using her utmost exertions
+to prevent the Trojans from arriving at the place toward which they were
+impelled by the fates, _i.e._ at which it was fated they should arrive.
+
+As "acti fatis" here, so "fato profugus venit," verse 6; "sedes ubi fata
+quietas ostendunt," verse 209; "data fata secutus," verse 386; "fata
+deum vestras exquirere terras imperiis _egere_ suis" (_�n._ VII. 239.);
+"fatisque vocantia regna" (_�n._ v. 656.); &c.; through all which
+expressions runs the one constant idea of the fates _calling_,
+_forcing_, _driving_ (agentia) the Trojans toward Latium.
+
+      II. "S�vus ubi �acid� telo jacet Hector ubi ingens
+         Sarpedon."--_Virg. �n._ I. 103.[1]
+
+Observe how the poet surmounts the obvious difficulty of uniting Hector,
+the principal champion of Troy, and Sarpedon, the son of Jove, in one
+and the same sentence, without implying a preference for either, without
+exalting one at the expense of the other; viz., by counterbalancing, by
+an inferior position towards the end of a line, that advantage of
+priority of mention, which he must necessarily give to one of them; and
+by compensating the other for the disadvantage of being placed second in
+order, by the double advantage of first place in a line, and separation
+from the rest of the line by a sudden pause.
+
+      III. "Ubi tot Simois correpta sub undis
+           Scuta virum galeasque et fortia corpora volvit."
+
+      _Virg. �n._ I. 104.
+
+  "Contendit cum Homero (_Il._ [Greek: m.] 22. _seq._). Potest sane
+  oratio nimis ornata videri ex �ne� persona; sed innumeris locis
+  poet� cum epici, tum tragici, ac lyrici, sibi indulgent in ornatu,
+  etiam ubi alios loquentes inducunt."--HEYNE.
+
+  [Footnote 1: The numbering of the lines is that of the Delphin edition.]
+
+This stricture, very seasonable in a commentary on Statius or Lucan, is
+wholly inapplicable to Virgil; a poet remarkable, above all others, for
+his abstinence from gaudy ornament, and singularly careful to adapt the
+sentiment to the character and circumstances of the speaker. The words
+in the text, or some similar words, were indispensable to give full
+expression to the idea of �neas; very imperfectly understood either by
+the annotators, or, with the exception of Caro, by the translators:
+_Happy those who died on the plains of Troy, in the sight of their
+sires? Oh! that I, too, had perished there by the hand of Tydides, or
+been swept away along with so many of my friends by the Simois!_
+
+    JAMES HENRY.
+
+  34. Westland Row, Dublin.
+
+
+FOLK LORE.
+
+_Superstitions respecting Bees._--It is a subject for painful
+reflection, that beings of so great skill and useful industry should be
+so liable to take affront, as is proved by the anecdotes related of bees
+by L. L. L. Who would not grieve, that bees--who have been said to
+partake of the Divine nature,
+
+      "Esse apibus partem divin� mentis et haustus
+      �therios dix�re"--
+
+should reduce themselves, by this susceptibility of offence at (in most
+cases imaginary) neglect, to a level with the weakness and folly of
+human creatures,--I say human creatures; for in the country I have known
+feuds caused by omitting to bid to the funeral of a deceased neighbour,
+or to send black gloves. It was to be hoped that these "offensiones
+muliebres" (we may add "viriles" also) were peculiar to the human race;
+but that, it is apparent, is not so. The custom of giving a piece of the
+funeral cake is new to me; though it looks like want of feeling to be
+greedy of cake in the hour of affliction, yet there is a sort of
+retributive fitness in presenting to these busy people
+
+      "_Melle_ soporatam et medicatis frugibus offam."
+
+It is a grateful acknowledgment of past favours conferred upon the
+deceased head of the family, and a retainer for future services to the
+survivors.
+
+With regard to the custom of informing the bees of a death in the
+family, and the penalty of omitting to do so, I can add to the proof of
+it. I find among some memoranda I made more than five-and-twenty years
+ago, the following note:
+
+  "In Buckinghamshire it is common, on the death of any one of the
+  family, for the nurse to go to all the bee-hives in the garden,
+  and tap gently three times, each time repeating three times these
+  words, 'Little brownie, little brownie, your master's dead;' when
+  the bees, beginning to _hum_, show their consent to remain. The
+  omission of this ceremony, it is believed, would occasion the loss
+  of the bees by flight, or otherwise."
+
+To show that a similar custom and belief, though varying in some
+particulars, are found upon the continent of Europe, I give the
+following extract:
+
+  "In Lithuania, when the master or mistress of the house dies, it
+  is considered necessary to give notice of the fact to the bees,
+  horses, and cows, by rattling a bunch of keys; and it is believed,
+  that if this were omitted the bees and cattle would die."--See the
+  _Journal of Agriculture. Highland and Agricultural Society of
+  Scotland_, Oct. 1848, p. 538.
+
+One word more of bees: "His head is full of bees" is a Scotch proverb,
+said of a drunkard. (Ray's _Proverbs_, p. 198.) "He has a bee in his
+head" is an English proverb. So, "He has a bee in his bonnet." What is
+the meaning? As I was writing the last lines I said to a friend who was
+lounging in his arm-chair by our fireside, "Why is a drunkard's head
+said to be full of bees?" "I don't know," he answered, "unless it is on
+account of their _humming_. You remember," he added,
+
+      "With a pudding on Sundays, with stout _humming_ liquor,
+      And remnants of Latin to welcome the vicar."
+
+The half-hour bell rang before we had done talking of and repeating
+parts of V. Bourne's "The Wish." Many a time has "NOTES AND QUERIES"
+given subjects for talk in our family before and after dinner.
+
+    F. W. T.
+
+Oliver, in his account of Cherry-Burton (_History of Beverley_, p.
+499.), speaks thus on the superstitious practice of informing bees, and
+putting them in mourning on the occasion of a death in the family:
+
+  "The inhabitants entertain a superstitious belief, that when the
+  head of a family dies, it is necessary to clothe the bees in
+  mourning on the funeral day to ensure the future prosperity of the
+  hive."
+
+He then refers to an instance, and says:
+
+  "A scarf of black crape was formally applied to each bee-hive; and
+  an offering of pounded funeral biscuit, soaked in wine, was placed
+  at its entrance."
+
+In a note, he accounts for the ceremony's origin by a quotation from
+Porph. _De Ant. Nymp._, p. 261., in which honey is spoken of as being
+"anciently a symbol of death." For other notices of superstitions in
+reference to bees, see Hone's _Mysteries_, pp. 220. 222. 283.
+
+    R. W. ELLIOT.
+
+I was lately informed by a native of Monmouthshire, that the belief
+relative to bees is entertained in that and some of the adjacent
+counties even by educated persons. My informant gravely assured me that
+though the bees are aware of the approaching event, from the acuteness
+of their organs of smell, they require to be duly and timely
+communicated with on the subject, to induce them to remain with the
+survivors; but if this be neglected, they will desert their hives, and
+disappear. The propriety or necessity of offering them any refreshment
+was not stated.
+
+    YUNAF.
+
+The custom mentioned by L. L. L. still prevails in the Weald of Surrey
+and Sussex; probably through all the southern counties; but certainly in
+the Isle of Wight, where the writer only the other day, on noticing an
+empty apiary in the grounds of a villa, was told that the country people
+attributed its desertion to the bees not having had this formal notice
+of their master's death.
+
+The same superstition is practised in some parts of France, when a
+mistress of the house dies; the formula being much like our English one,
+_i.e._ to tap thrice on the hive, repeating these words, "Petits
+abeilles, votre ma�tresse est morte."
+
+    A. D.
+
+_Bees invited to Funerals.--North Side of Churchyards._--At Bradfield, a
+primitive village on the edge of the moors, in the parish of
+Ecclesfield, I was informed by a person of much intelligence, that a
+custom has obtained in the district from time immemorial--"for hundreds
+of years" was the expression used--of inviting bees to funerals; and
+that an instance could be produced of the superstition having been
+practised even within the last year. What is done is this. When a death
+occurs, a person is appointed to call the neighbours to the funeral, who
+delivers the invitations in one form of words: "You are invited to the
+funeral of A. B., which is to take place at such an hour, on such a day;
+and there will be dinner on table at----o'clock." And if it should
+happen that bees were kept in the garden of the house where the corpse
+lies (not an unlikely thing near moors), the messenger is instructed to
+address the same invitation to the bees in their hives; because it is
+considered that, if this compliment be omitted, the bees will die.
+
+I asked the sexton of Bradfield why, in a churchyard that was rather
+crowded with graves, there was no appearance of either mound or
+tombstone on the north side? His only answer was, "It's mostly them 'at
+died i' t' workhus is buried at t' backside o' t' church." An instance,
+but no explanation of the prejudice entertained against the north side
+of churchyards.
+
+    ALFRED GATTY.
+
+In answer to your correspondent L. L. L. respecting bee etiquette, I can
+inform him, from my personal observation, that the ceremony of informing
+the bees of their owner's death is in full force in Ashborne,
+Derbyshire, Hinton, Wilts, and even in the highly intellectual city of
+Oxford. The ceremony is the same in all these places. Three taps are
+made on the hives with the house-key, while the informant repeats:
+"Bees, bees, bees, your master is dead, and you must work for ----,"
+naming the future owner. A piece of black crape is then fastened to the
+hive. Many bee owners think it is politic to inform the bees of the
+death of a relation: but in this case they never give the name, but the
+degree of relationship; as "your master's brother, sister, aunt, &c. is
+dead." On weddings the bees always expect to be informed of the
+auspicious event, and to have their hive decorated with a wedding
+favour.
+
+    J. G. WOOD.
+
+  Oxford.
+
+_Ashton Faggot: A Devonshire Custom._--The ashton faggot is burned on
+Christmas eve. The faggot is composed entirely of ash timber, and the
+separate sticks or branches are securely bound together with ash bands.
+The faggot is made as large as can conveniently be burned in the
+fireplace, or rather upon the floor, grates not being in use. A numerous
+company is generally assembled to spend the evening in games and
+amusement, the diversion being heightened as the faggot blazes on the
+hearth, as a quart of cider is considered due, and is called for, and
+served upon the bursting of every hoop or band bound round the faggot.
+The timber being green and elastic, each band generally bursts open with
+a smart report when the individual stick or hoop has been partially
+burned through.
+
+_Offerings to the Apple-trees: Devonshire Superstition._--It was a
+custom in Devonshire, and probably in some of the adjoining counties
+also, to perform the following ceremonial on Old Christmas Eve, or
+Twelfth Day, namely: In the evening the farmer's family and friends
+being assembled, hot wheat-flour cakes were introduced, with cider; and
+this was served round to the company, the cake being dipped in the
+cider, and then eaten. As the evening wore on, the assembled company
+adjourned into the orchard, some one bearing hot cake and cider as an
+offering to the principal tree in the orchard; the cake was deposited on
+a fork of the tree, and the cider was then thrown over it, the men
+firing off muskets, fowling-pieces, pistols, &c., the women, girls, and
+boys shouting and screaming to the trees with all the excitement of
+young Indians the following rhyme:--
+
+      "Bear blue, apples and pears enoug';
+      Barn fulls, bag fulls, sack fulls. Hurrah! hurrah! hurrah!"
+
+Query, Do these customs prevail to this day either in Devonshire or in
+other European countries?
+
+    R. R.
+
+
+POETICAL IMITATION.
+
+It has always been a pleasing office of criticism, to observe how often
+an excellent thought, having sprung from some master mind, or from some
+inferior mind in a happy moment, has been used by succeeding writers.
+
+Homer,
+
+          "� quo, ceu fonte perenni,
+      Vatum Pieriis ora rigantur aquis,"
+
+has, in _Il._ v. 406. _et seq._, the following lines:
+
+      "[Greek: N�pios, oude to oide kata phrena Tydeos hyios
+      Hotti mal' ou d�naios, hos athanatoisi machoito,
+      Oude ti min paides poti gounasi pappazousin,
+      Elthont' ek polemoio kai ain�s d��ot�tos]."
+
+"The son of Tydeus is foolish and rash, nor is aware that he who fights
+with the immortals is not long-lived, and that _no children, as he
+returns from war and strife, gather round his knees to call him
+father_."
+
+The idea of children saluting their parent at his knees, has been
+adopted, and accompanied with various additions, by several subsequent
+authors. Among the writers in Homer's language, however, we find no
+imitation of it, unless the following lines of Callimachus can be
+regarded as taken from it:
+
+� � � �      "[Greek: Patros ephezomen� gonatessi
+      Pais eti kourizousa, tade proseeipe gon�a,
+      Dos moi partheni�n ai�nion, appa, phylassein]."
+
+"She (_Diana_), yet a child, sitting sportively on the knees of her
+father, said to him, Allow me, dear parent, to preserve a perpetual
+virginity."
+
+In the Latin writers the thought occurs several times. The first in whom
+it is found is Lucretius:
+
+      "At jam non domus adcipiet te l�ta, neque uxor
+      Optuma, nec dulces obcurrent oscula natei
+      Pr�ripere, et tacit� pectus dulcedine tangent."
+
+      III. 907.
+
+"But thy cheerful home shall no more receive thee, nor thy excellent
+wife; nor shall thy sweet children run to snatch kisses from thee, and
+touch thy breast with secret delight."
+
+In whose steps Virgil treads:
+
+      "Interea _dulces pendent circum oscula nati_;
+      Casta pudicitiam servat domus."--_Geo._ II. 523.
+
+      "His cares are eased with intervals of bliss;
+      His little children climbing for a kiss,
+      Welcome their father's late return at night;
+      His faithful bed is crown'd with chaste delight."
+
+      Dryden.
+
+(Virgil liked the expression _dulces nati_. He has
+
+      "Nec mihi jam patriam antiquam spes ulla videndi,
+      Nec _dulces natos_ exoptatumque parentem."
+
+      _�n._ II. 137.
+
+      "Nec _dulces natos_, Veneris nec pr�mia n�ris?"
+
+      _�n._ IV. 33.
+
+      "Sed tota in _dulces_ consument ubera _natos_."
+
+      _Geo._ III. 178.)
+
+Statius, doubtless, had both Lucretius and Virgil in his view, when he
+wrote,
+
+      "Rursus et ex illis soboles nova; grexque protervus
+      Nunc _humeris irreptet avi_, nunc agmine blando
+      Certatim placid� _concurrat ad oscula_ Poll�."
+
+      _Silv._ III. i. 179.
+
+"Again from them springs a new race; a forward little troop, which
+sometimes climb on the shoulders of their grandfather, and sometimes, in
+pleasing congress, run to catch a kiss from the gentle Polla."
+
+Seneca, _Thyest._ I. 145., has another imitation:
+
+      "Exceptus gladio parvulus impio,
+      Dum _currit patrium natus ad osculum_,
+      Immatura focis victima concidit."
+
+"The little Pelops, met by the impious sword, while he was running to
+receive his father's kiss, fell a premature victim on the hearth."
+
+Claudian, _Rapt. Proserp._ III. 173., has another:
+
+                "H�c post cunabula dulci
+      Ferre sinu, summoque Jovi deducere parvam
+      Sueverat, _et genibus ludentem aptare paternis_."
+
+"She was accustomed to bear the little infant, after it had slept in its
+cradle, in her fragrant bosom, to present it to almighty Jove, and to
+place it sporting on its father's knees."
+
+But the best adaptations and expansions of the thought have been among
+the writers of our own country. The earliest allusion to it, I believe,
+occurs in Thomson's description of the traveller lost in the snow:
+
+      "In vain for him th' officious wife prepares
+      The fire fair-blazing, and the vestment warm;
+      In vain his little children, peeping out
+      Into the mingling storm, demand their sire
+      With tears of artless innocence! Alas!
+      Nor wife, nor children, more shall he behold,
+      Nor friends, nor sacred home."--_Winter_, 311.
+
+But this is a less pointed imitation than that of Gray, which succeeded
+it. Gray had his eye on Lucretius:
+
+      "For them no more the blazing hearth shall burn,
+        Or busy housewife ply her evening care;
+      No children run to lisp their sire's return,
+        Or climb his knees the envied kiss to share."
+
+Next followed Collins, in his Ode on the Superstitions of the Highlands,
+who, however, seems to have had Thomson chiefly in view:
+
+      "For him, in vain, his anxious wife shall wait,
+        Or wander forth to meet him on his way;
+      For him, in vain, at to-fall of the day,
+        His babes shall linger at th' unclosing gate:
+      Ah! ne'er shall he return."
+
+To him succeeded Dyer:
+
+      "The little smiling cottage, when at eve
+      He meets his rosy children at the door,
+      Prattling their welcomes, and his honest wife,
+      -------------------------------- intent
+      To cheer his hunger after labour hard."
+
+      __Fleece_, Book I. 120._
+
+Burns has a picture equal to any of these:
+
+      "At length his lonely cot appears in view
+          Beneath the shelter of an aged tree:
+        _Th' expectant wee things, todlin', stacher through
+          To meet their dad with flichterin' noise and glee:_
+          His wee-bit ingle blinkin' bonnilie,
+        His clean hearth-stane, his thrifty wifie's smile,
+          _The lisping infant prattling on his knee_,
+        Does a' his weary carking cares beguile,
+      And makes him quite forget his labour and his toil."
+
+      _Cotter's Saturday Night._
+
+Burns may have taken the thought from Gray, or some other English
+source. But he has not disgraced it by his mode of treating it.
+
+Allen Ramsay, in his _Gentle Shepherd_, has a very pretty allusion to
+children, which I have not at hand to consult, but which concludes with,
+
+      "While all they ettle at, their greatest wis',
+      Is to be made o', and obtain a kiss."
+
+    J. S. W.
+
+  Stockwell.
+
+
+A GLOUCESTER DITTY.
+
+(_From an Old Broadside without date._)
+
+      Come, my very merry gentle people, only list a minute,
+      For tho' my song may not be long there's something comic in
+          it;
+      A stranger I, yet, by the bye, I've ventured in my ditty,
+      To say a word at parting, just in praise of Gloucester city.
+
+      The Romans they this city built, and many folks came down
+          here,
+      Kings Richard, Henry, John, and Ned, did visit Glo'ster town
+          here;
+      King William dined each Christmas here, and Glo'ster folks it
+          pleases,
+      To know the food he relished most was double Berkeley cheeses.
+
+      The ladies, Heaven bless 'em all! as sure as I've a nose on,
+      In former times had only thorns and skewers to stick their
+          clothes on;
+      No damsel then was worth a pin, whate'er it might have cost
+          her,
+      Till gentle Johnny Tilsby came, and invented pins in Glo'ster.
+
+      Your fine cathedral when I saw, tho' much I was delighted,
+      Yet in the whisp'ring gallery I got most sadly frighted;
+      Some question there I asked myself, when not a soul was near
+          me,
+      And suddenly an answer came, as if the walls could hear me.
+
+      The Severn full of salmon fine enriches low and high land,
+      And then, for more variety, you've got a little island;
+      Of which I've read a Taylor's Tale, a dozen verses long, sirs,
+      And may I go to Old Harry, if it's not a clever song, sirs.
+
+      George Ridler's oven, I've been told, contains some curious
+          jokes, sirs,
+      And much of it is said by many Glo'ster folks, sirs;
+      But ovens now are serious things, and from my soul I wish,
+          sirs,
+      Your ovens here many ne'er want bread to fill the poor man's
+          dish, sirs.
+
+      Now if you will but all forgive this slight attempt at rhyme,
+          sirs,
+      I'll promise, like the little boys, to mend another time,
+          sirs;
+      May health, with every blessing, join this company to foster,
+      Till, with your leave, some future time I come again to
+          Glo'ster.
+
+
+GEORGE RIDLER'S OVEN.
+
+(_From a Broadside._)
+
+      The stwons that built George Ridler's oven,
+      And thauy keum from the Bleakeley's Quaar;
+      And George he wur a jolly old mon,
+      And his yead it grawed above his yare.
+
+      One thing of George Ridler I must commend,
+      And that wur vur a notable theng;
+      He meud his braags avoore he died,
+      Wi' ony dree brothers his zons should zeng.
+
+      There's Dick the Treble and John the Mean,
+      (Let ev'ry mon zeng in his auwn pleace)
+      And George he wur the elder brother,
+      And therevoore he would zeng the Beass.
+
+      Mine Hostess' moid (and her neaum 'twur Nell),
+      A pretty wench, and I loved her well;
+      I loved her well, good reazun whoy,
+      Because zhe loved my dog and I.
+
+      My dog is good to catch a hen,
+      A duck or goose is vood vor men;
+      And where good company I spy,
+      O thether gwoes my dog and I.
+
+      My mother told I when I wur young,
+      If I did vollow the strong beer pwoot,
+      That drenk would pruv my auverdrow,
+      And meaak me vear the thread bare cwoart.
+
+      My dog has gotten sich a troick,
+      To visit moids when thoiy be zick;
+      When thoiy be zick and loik to die,
+      O, thether gwoes my dog and I.
+
+      When I have dree zixpences under my thumb,
+      O, then I be welcome wherever I keum;
+      But when I have none, O then I pass by,
+      'Tis poverty pearts good company.
+
+      If I should die as it may hap,
+      My greauve shall be under the green yeal tap;
+      In voulded earmes there wool us lie,
+      Cheek by jowl, my dog and I.
+
+The foregoing is a very famous old Gloucestershire ballad, corrected
+according to the fragments of a MS. found in the Speech-house of Dean
+several centuries ago, and used to be sung at the meetings of the
+Gloucestershire Society, a charitable institution held at the Crown and
+Anchor in the Strand.
+
+Both these ballads are literally copied from the Broadsides.
+
+    H. G. D.
+
+
+THE CAXTON COFFER.
+
+The biographers of Caxton may be divided into two classes; those who
+wrote before the publication of the _Typographical antiquities_, A.D.
+1749, and those who wrote after that date. The same distinction may be
+made with regard to those who have incidentally noticed his life or
+publications.
+
+The principal writers of the first period are Leland, Bale, Stow, Pits,
+Fuller, Nicolson, Middleton, Birch, Oldys, Lewis and Tanner. At the
+present moment, I must content myself with a critical remark on the mode
+in which Leland has been so often quoted. The first passage contains the
+expression to which I allude.
+
+  (1.) "Gulielmus Caxodunus, _Angli� prototypographus_, h�c, aut
+  similia his, Anglice refert" etc.
+
+  (2.) "Quanquam priusquam id, quod modo sum pollicitus,
+  pr�stitero, non alienum meo erit instituto palam facere
+  _Gulielmum Caxodunum_, hominem nec indiligentem, nec indoctum,
+  _et quem constat primum_ LONDINI _artem exercuisse
+  typographicam_, Chauceri opera, quotquot vel pretio vel precibus
+  comparare potuit, in unum volumen collegisse."
+
+The incidental expression _Angli� prototypographus_ has been considered
+as a proof that Leland discredited the typographical claims of Oxford.
+The second quotation conveys an opposite notion. I tax no one, however,
+with unfairness, but ascribe the oversight to reliance on the _Index
+scriptorum � Joanne Lelando laudatorum_, which refers only to the first
+quotation.
+
+    BOLTON CORNEY.
+
+
+Minor Notes.
+
+_Note on the Duration of Reigns._--As Mr. Clinton and others have
+endeavoured to invalidate Newton's conclusions with respect to the
+length of reigns, by examples from modern history, I have made a Note on
+that subject which may be of use. Taking in the times which may be
+supposed most to resemble those to which the question refers, we find in
+England, from Alfred to the Conquest, 13 kings in 166 years:
+
+      From 1066 to 1272     8 kings      206 yrs.
+      From 1272 to 1837    27   "        565  "
+
+An average on the whole of 19-1/2 years.
+
+If we add the time from Egbert, 5 kings, 73 yrs., the average becomes 19
+yrs.
+
+The average from 1272 is only 21.
+
+      In France 559 to 814   18 kings    255 yrs.
+           "    814   1830   47   "     1016  "
+
+Average 19-1/2.
+
+Average from 814 only 21-1/2.
+
+In Germany 840 to 1835 50 emper. 995 yrs. Average not 20.
+
+Turks 1299 to 1808, 30 sover. 509 yrs. Average 17.
+
+Scotland 1057 to 1567, 20 kings 510 yrs. Average 25-1/2
+
+Spain 1479 to 1833, 14 kings 354 yrs. Average 25.
+
+Portugal 1102 to 1826, 27 kings 724 yrs. Average not 21.
+
+Denmark 1157 to 1839, 28 kings 672 yrs. Average 25.
+
+Russia 1722 to 1825, 9 sover. 103 yrs. Average 11-1/2 yrs.
+
+Total: 294 sovereigns, 6085 years; being an average of about 20-2/3,
+although including the latest times. It is evidently unfair to take
+recent times only, as Hales, Clinton, &c. do.
+
+    ALTRON.
+
+_Cock and Bull Story._--One of your correspondents, in a late reply
+(Vol. iv., p. 243.), alludes to "a marvellous or _cock and bull_ story."
+Query, as to the origin of this saying. From an early number of the
+_Phonetic Journal_ made the following Note.
+
+Dr. Burgess, a Methodist preacher, who often indulged in pointed
+remarks, perceiving some young men attending his preaching, whose
+behaviour plainly showed that amusement was their only object, turned
+his discourse, and addressed himself particularly to them as follows:--
+
+  "Young men, I know you are come to hear a story, and I will tell
+  you one. There was once a man, a cock, and a bull, who, being
+  intimate, agreed to travel together. They had not gone far on
+  their journey when they found themselves on the brink of a river,
+  which they had determined to cross, but could discover neither
+  bridge nor ferry. After a consultation it was agreed the cock
+  should first make the attempt of crossing the water, which he did
+  without much difficulty; the bull afterwards plunged into the
+  stream, and by mere strength waded through. The man, not being
+  able to swim, was afraid to follow his companions; and while they
+  were encouraging him from the other side to get over, he was
+  observed to cut some osiers which grew by the water-side. Perhaps
+  you imagine these were intended to form a vehicle for conveying
+  him across the river? No such thing, I assure you. What other
+  purpose could he design them for? I will tell you, young men; it
+  was to lash the backs of those fools who chose to hear a story of
+  a cock and a bull, rather than the word of God."
+
+    PHILIP S. KING.
+
+"_Multa renascentur_," _&c._--To show how stories are made standing
+dishes with what we may call _current sauce_ (no pun intended), take the
+following:--If we believe anything to have happened in our own day, that
+is, in Liverpool or Castlereagh time, it is the anecdote of the
+borough-monger who would answer nothing to the excuses of the minister,
+except "There are five of us." This story was told as an old one in the
+_Telegraph_ in 1798; and a long dialogue was given between Lord
+Falmouth, who wanted the Captaincy of the Yeomen of the Guard, and Henry
+Pelham, who had promised it elsewhere. To all the poor minister could
+say, the peer could only answer, "There are _seven_ of us." I hope that,
+in an age when coincidences are sought for, Wordsworth will not be
+suspected of plagiarism.
+
+Again, what reader of gossip does not know that when George III. went to
+Weymouth, the Mayor, in making his address, mistook the private
+directions of his prompter for parts of his address, and gave it the
+King as follows:--"Hold up your head, and look like a man--what the ----
+do you mean?... By ----, Sir, you'll ruin us all." This story was told
+in a newspaper in 1797, as having happened between James II. and the
+Mayor of Winchester.
+
+In the _Monthly Magazine_ in 1798, is a paper on peculiarities of
+expression, among which are several which we flatter ourselves belong to
+our own time. For instance, "to _cut_ a person," which was then current:
+some tried to change it into _spear_, but failed. Also, to _vote_, as in
+"he voted it a bad lounge;" and the words _bore_, _done up_, _dished_,
+&c.; not forgetting _spilt_ for "upset" in a carriage.
+
+The parliamentary phrases of "catching the speaker's eye," "being upon
+his legs," "meeting the ideas of the house," "committing himself,"
+"taking shame to himself," "being free to confess," "putting a question
+roundly," "answering it fairly," "pushing an investigation," are all
+noted as then worthy of remark. And, if we are to trust the article
+cited, the word _truism_ was born and bred in the House of Commons, in
+the sense of a forcible and undeniable truth. And the same origin is
+given to the idiom "in my own mind" as in "I feel no doubt, in my own
+mind,..."
+
+    M.
+
+_Corruptions recognised as acknowledged Words._--I recollect two curious
+historical instances of mere vulgar mis-pronunciation, which have
+established themselves in use; perhaps others of your readers may
+mention more, which it would be interesting to trace to their origin.
+
+_Massaniello_ is universally recognised as the name of the celebrated
+Neapolitan insurrectionist, who at one time nearly overturned the
+government of that kingdom. How few who use the word are aware that
+"Mas-Aniello" is but a corruption of _Thomas Aniello_, so pronounced by
+his vulgar companions, and now raised to the dignity of an historical
+name.
+
+_Hougoumont_ is a conspicuous feature of the great field of Waterloo,
+and a name familiarly used in speaking of the famous battle; in course
+of time it will be forgotten that this is a mere mistake, said to have
+originated with the great general who achieved the victory, catching up
+from the peasantry around, the sound of _Chateau Goumont_, the real name
+of the little rural demesne in question. Nobody doubts, however, the
+right of the "Great Duke" to call a place he has made so famous by any
+name he might please to apply, and so _Hougoumont_ it will remain while
+history lasts.
+
+    A. B. R.
+
+
+
+
+Queries.
+
+
+MARY QUEEN OF SCOTS AND BOTHWELL'S CONFESSION.
+
+Although Mr. Cosh, at p. 248. of his admirable work on _The Method of
+Divine Government_, observes on the rapidity with which females descend
+to the depths of sin, the old apothegm, "Nemo repenti turpissimus fuit,"
+recurs when thinking of Mary Queen of Scots, and leads me to ask the
+following question. Permit me to preface it with a remark. Mary is
+represented by all contemporary and subsequent writers to have been,
+from her earliest years to the death of Darnley, worthily beloved for
+her amiable qualities of heart and her superiority of intellect, and
+then to have fallen suddenly into an abyss of sin and wickedness,
+comprising domestic treason, murder, perjury, the subornation of
+perjurers, adultery, the conniving at divorce without adequate grounds,
+and all the other crimes connected with such proceedings; and then,
+after fifteen months of such a desperate course, to have risen to her
+former elevation, and have passed the remainder of her life with
+dignity, calmness, resignation, and in the habitual exercise of sincere
+piety, and to have met her death with a degree of heroism which has
+secured the admiration of posterity, and strengthened the doubts of her
+being guilty of the crimes imputed to her. The whole controversy, from
+Buchanan to Bell, is, I take for granted, known to your readers. Your
+publication is not the place suited to an examination of such mental
+operations, which are without a historical prototype, and without a
+known parallel. If any light can be thrown on any part of this subject,
+it becomes an act of historical justice, a work of Christian charity to
+Mary, and an illustration of the workings of the mind in a great
+emergency.
+
+The late Chevalier Bronsted, of whose learning and accuracy his
+arch�ological works bear record, and whose straightforward simplicity of
+mind was highly estimated by all who knew him, had read in manuscript
+the second part of the confession of Bothwell, made previous to his
+death. I think the manuscript was in the private cabinet of the King of
+Denmark. In that confession he owned to have _violated_ the person of
+Mary, and that she became enceinte; that she miscarried, and immediately
+took measures to rid herself of him. Concluding that event to have
+transpired, there seems to be some clue to her forwarding the discussion
+of her council, and acquiescing in their request to marry Bothwell. A
+young queen, surrounded by ruffians, barbarians, and selfish and
+unprincipled leaders of factions, placed in a situation in which every
+feeling of the woman was outraged, every sentiment lacerated, her
+honour, her station, her life in jeopardy, her memory liable to
+degradation and disgrace, in terror, having in such extremity no friend
+to whom she could apply for advice and succour, she may have been
+induced to adopt means for her safety which, if injudicious, were
+excusable. My request is, to learn if any of your correspondents have
+seen or are cognisant of this very curious and important document.
+
+    �GROTUS.
+
+
+Minor Queries.
+
+229. "_'Tis Twopence now," &c._--Can any of your correspondents tell me
+where the following lines are to be found?--
+
+      "At length in an unearthly tone I heard these accents drop,
+      'Sarvice is done, 'tis tuppence now for them as wants to stop.'"
+
+I met with them in a newspaper (I think the _Morning Herald_) between
+twenty and thirty years ago, but I believe they have been transferred to
+that sheet from the pages of some periodical. The lines above given are
+the concluding lines of the piece; the preceding lines were devoted to
+the description of the dying away of the tones of the organ, and the
+musings of the poet amongst the tombs in Westminster Abbey.
+
+    REMIGIUS.
+
+230. _Scythians blind their Slaves._--Can any of your correspondents
+explain to me the reason why, according to Herodotus, the Scythians used
+to blind their slaves? The passage is in chapter ii. book iv. I believe
+the reasoning to be hopelessly unreasonable, and have always been told
+that it is so, though I have met with many who have read the chapter
+again and again without even noticing the difficulty. The question is
+this:--What are we to supply in thought in order to connect the practice
+of blinding the slaves with the process of milking the mares, and
+stirring the milk to separate the cream or butter from it? Is it thus?
+The Scythians only feed cattle, and have no other use for slaves than to
+stir the milk, which they can do when blinded, at the same time that
+they are unable to escape, having been deprived of sight, and so their
+masters have not the trouble of watching them. This does not satisfy me;
+nor will it, I think, satisfy any one else.
+
+    THEOPHYLACT.
+
+  Blackheath.
+
+231. _The "Gododin."_--In the Note on "The Antiquity of Kilts," MR.
+STEPHENS quotes the _Gododin_, an ancient poem, or poems, on which there
+is great diversity of opinion regarding its contents. The _Gododin_ was
+written or composed by Aneurin, in the dialect of the Northumbrian
+Britons, about the year 510, according to Llwyd. It is evident that a
+work of this description, with the usual accidents attending on
+transmission, must necessarily be somewhat obscure at the present day.
+Indeed, it appears to be so much so, that there are two very different
+versions; one giving it as the description of a battle, in which the
+intoxicated Britons were easy victims to the swords of the "stranger;"
+the other version, by the Rev. E. Davies, refers it to the "Brad y
+Cyllyll Hirion," (or, Plot of the Long Knives), or massacre of the
+British chiefs at Stonehenge, during a feast. Now as this event is
+stated to have occurred in 472, the Dinogat of Aneurin is not the
+Dinogat of 577. Moreover Davies describes him as Octa, a son of the
+Saxon Hengist. As MR. STEPHENS does not follow this version, and as he
+has given considerable attention to those subjects, perhaps he is
+enabled to decide this _questio vexata_. It should be observed that
+Davies accompanies his version with reasons that give it much weight.
+
+    GOMER.
+
+232. _Frontispiece to Hobbes's Leviathan._--There are curious
+circumstances about this frontispiece which some of your readers may
+explain. The figure of Leviathan represents the upper part of a man with
+a crown on his head, a sword in his right hand, and a crozier in his
+left, the body and arms being made up of small human figures in various
+dresses. In the common editions the face has a manifest resemblance to
+Cromwell (the work was published in 1651), although it wears, as I have
+said, a regal crown. But in the copy belonging to Trinity College
+Library, the face appears to be intended for Charles I. The engraving of
+this copy is very much worse than the other, and is not worked into the
+same careful detail by the artist, though the outline is the same: and
+the text of the book is a separate and worse impression, though the
+errata are the same with the other copies, as well as the date. How
+Hobbes himself, or any other person, should come to print the Leviathan
+in this manner, it seems difficult to explain.
+
+I have also a small French translation of Hobbes, _De Corpore Politico_,
+dated 1652, which has a similar figure for a frontispiece, but with an
+upright sword in the right, and a balance in the left, hand.
+
+    W. W.
+
+  Cambridge.
+
+233. _Broad Arrow or Arrow Head._--What is the origin of the arrow head
+as a government mark?
+
+    [Arrow symbol]
+
+234. _Deep Well near Bansted Downs._--Mr. Robert Hooke, professor at
+Gresham College, writing in 1674, says he has--
+
+  "seen at a gentleman's house, not far from Bansted-Downs in
+  Surrey, a well which is dug through a body of chalk, and is near
+  360 feet deep, and yet dry almost to the very bottom."
+
+Is this well still known, and can any of your correspondents vindicate
+its situation, and give any particulars relating to it? The pamphlet in
+which it is mentioned is curious, for it is "an attempt to prove the
+motion of the earth [in its orbit] from observations." It will be
+observed that the work was written in the year 1674.
+
+    W. S. G.
+
+  Newcastle-upon-Tyne.
+
+235. _Upton Court._--About nine miles from Reading, on the road to
+Newbury, and removed about two miles from the high road, is an ancient
+manor house called Upton Court. It is most curious as to architecture,
+and is a most interesting specimen of the houses of the gentry of former
+days. It belonged to a Catholic family of the name of Perkins. The
+chapel, in the house, and the hiding-place for priests, can still be
+seen. It is said that Pope wrote the _Rape of the Lock_ there. I should
+be glad to know if any of your correspondents can confirm this fact from
+authentic evidence.
+
+    A. E.
+
+236. _Derivation of Prog._--In Vol. iv., p. 175., _Pirog_ is stated to
+be the Russian custom of the mistress of a family distributing on
+certain occasions bread or cake to her guests.
+
+Query, Is this the origin of our slang word _prog_, meaning provisions?
+
+    J. SS.
+
+237. _Metrical History of England._--I am nearly an octogenarian,
+consequently I ought to have something better, and humbly hope I have
+something better, to employ my thoughts than relics of old ditties and
+forgotten rhymes. Still the recurring questions of numerous
+grandchildren compel one to resort to long forgotten lore, and to
+request those whose memory still survives to compensate for the
+deficiencies of my own. I am particularly anxious to recover my lapsis
+in the following metrical, yet _logical_, history of England, which I
+have long ago forgotten:
+
+      "William and William, and Henry and Stephen,
+      And Henry the Second, _to make the First even_."
+
+If either MR. HALLIWELL, or DR. RIMBAULT, will favour me, they will
+confer a great obligation, and add much to the hilarity of my ensuing
+Christmas table.
+
+    M�RIS.
+
+238. _Finger Pillories in Churches._--Besides some interesting
+monuments, &c., to be found in the church of Ashby-de-la-Zouch, there
+stands under the western gallery a _finger pillory_, or stocks to
+confine the fingers only: it is fastened at its right-hand extremity
+into the wall, and consists of two pieces of oak; the bottom and fixed
+piece is three feet eight inches long; the width of the whole is four
+and a half inches, and when closed it is five inches deep: the left-hand
+extremity is supported by a leg of the same width as the top, and two
+feet six inches in length; the upper piece is joined to the lower by a
+hinge, and in this lower and fixed horizontal part are thirteen
+perpendicular holes, varying in size; the largest are towards the right
+hand: these holes are sufficiently deep to admit the finger to the
+second joint, and a slight hollow is made to receive the third one,
+which lies flat; there is of course a corresponding hollow in the top or
+movable part, which, when shut down, incloses the whole finger.
+
+Its use is stated to have been for the punishment of persons guilty of
+mal-practices during divine service: truly, a mischievous urchin, or a
+lout of a farm servant, dragged off to the stocks, must have been a
+scene extremely edifying to the congregation, particularly if the
+offenders were obstreperous, and had no inclination whatever to be in a
+fix.
+
+Query, Is there another known instance of stocks for the fingers alone,
+and applied to similar purposes?
+
+    THOS. LAWRENCE.
+
+  Ashby-de-la-Zouch.
+
+239. _Stallenge Queries._--1. What was the christian name, birth, and
+parentage of the Stallenge who planted the mulberry trees at Sion House
+at the commencement of the seventeenth century?
+
+2. What was the name of the _first wife_ of that Sir Nicholas Stallenge
+who, towards the close of the sixteenth century, married as his _second
+wife_ Florence Kenn, widow of Sir Christopher Kenn, of Kenn, in the
+county of Somerset?
+
+3. What city or castle in England was Sir Thomas Stallenge his son
+governor of?
+
+4. What was the name of the wife of the said Sir Thomas Stallenge?
+
+    M. C. U.
+
+240. _Ancient MS. History of Scotland._--In the year 1796, there was in
+the possession of the Rev. Robert Rennie, minister of Kilsyth,
+Stirlingshire, an old MS. which that gentleman (in Sir John Sinclair's
+_Statistical Account_) thus describes:--
+
+  "It seems to be a chronicle of Scotland. The most of it is
+  legible. It takes up the history of Scotland at the Christian era,
+  and contains a regular series of all the remarkable events in
+  every king's reign, with the name of the kings, down to the year
+  1565. I have compared it with many histories and annals of
+  Scotland, but am of opinion that it is an original, and not a
+  copy."
+
+Can any of your correspondents give any additional information regarding
+it?
+
+    ABERDONIENSIS.
+
+241. _Pharetram de Tutesbit._--Can you tell me the meaning of _Pharetram
+de Tutesbit_ and _sagittas flectatas_ in the following?
+
+  "William de Gresely tenet manerium de Drakelow in Com. Derby in
+  Capite, et reddit unum arcum sine corda, et unum Pharetram de
+  Tutesbit, et duodecim Sagittas flectatas, et unum
+  buzonem."--Blount's _Tenures_.
+
+    H. N. E.
+
+  Bitton Vicarage, Oct. 1851.
+
+242. _Inundation at Deptford._--In Lysons' _Environs of London_, vol.
+iv. p. 359., it is stated that in the year 1671 a great inundation
+happened at and near Deptford, which did much mischief, so that the
+inhabitants were obliged to retire in boats to the upper town, and that
+an account of it was extant in a small pamphlet published at the time.
+If any of your correspondents could inform me where a copy of this is to
+be met with, or give me any further particulars concerning the
+occurrence, I should feel very much obliged.
+
+    W. H. HART.
+
+  New Cross.
+
+243. _Butler's Sermons._--In the account of Bishop Butler, attached to
+his works, mention is made of MS. sermons, from which those which have
+been published were selected. Is it known if there are any writings of
+his in existence, and where they are? His executor was Dr. Nathaniel
+Foster.
+
+    L.
+
+244. _Coleridge's Christabel._--Can any one familiar with the _Coleridge
+Papers_ inform me whether the following is a veritable fragment of the
+poet's own continuation of _Christabel_, or perhaps of one of those
+conclusions (some serious, some jocose) which we owe to Tupper, Moir,
+and Maginn?
+
+      "This was the lovely lady's cry--
+      'Holy One! who camest to die,
+      Camest, yea, to die for me
+      Who have despite done to Thee--
+      And didst feel the proud man's scorn,
+      And the woe of one forlorn--
+      Whose heavenly eyes were brimmed with tears
+      For the sorrows of human years;
+      Whose holy hands were pierced through,
+      Whose feet long toil and travel knew,
+      Who felt all grief, all wild despair,
+      That the race of man may ever bear.
+      O look down from thy placid sky,
+        Upon a maiden worn with woe,
+      Who in snowy chastity,
+        Has passed the years of life below!
+      O let no spirit of affright,
+      Visit me this ghastly night!'
+
+      "So she prayed: and listening,
+      Stood beside the magic spring,
+      But only heard the brookless plash,
+      And the berries fall from the mountain ash,
+      And the cry of birds in the woods away,
+      And the step of the roe over lichens gray."
+
+    MORTIMER COLLINS.
+
+245. _Epigram ascribed to Mary Queen of Scots._--When the Queen visited
+the library of Trinity College, Dublin, in 1849, she was shown an early
+edition of Sallust, which had belonged to Mary Queen of Scots, and has
+her autograph signature, and many MS. notes and a MS. Latin epigram,
+_supposed_ to be her Majesty's composition. The volume is a small
+quarto, title _Opera Sallustiana_, with the date 1523, and a colophon:
+
+  "Impressus per Antonium Blanchard anno domini M. quingentessimo
+  xxiii. pridie Kalend. Sextilis."
+
+But on a page following the title there appears--
+
+  "Ex officina nostra caleographa Parrhisiis pridie Kalendas
+  Novembris anni hujus M. CCCCC quarti."
+
+The volume was presented to the College library by Mr. Croker, as
+appears by a _dono dedit_ in his handwriting, and by the following note
+in that of the learned Dr. Barrett:--
+
+  "This book, which formerly belonged to Mary Queen of Scots, was
+  presented by James I. to Bishop Hall (fol. 90.), and presented to
+  this library, July 26, 1800, by John Wilson Croker, F.C., A.B."
+
+The presentation by James to the Bishop is thus recorded:--
+
+  "Hunk [sic] librum Jacobus rex dono dedit amico suo reverendo
+  Doctori Hall."
+
+These details may interest bibliographers, as I do not find any notice
+of this edition in Dibdin, or any other work within my reach[2] but the
+main object of my curiosity is the Latin epigram in the Queen's hand,
+and supposed (I suspect erroneously) to be her composition. The lines
+are:
+
+      "S�pe me� dixi 'tandem discede' puell�--
+        In gremio sedit protinus illa meo;
+       S�pe 'pudet' dixi; Lacrimis vix illa retentis
+        'Me miseram cur te,' dixit 'amare pudet?'"
+
+  [Footnote 2: [See Panzer's _Annales Typog._, vol. vii. p. 335.]]
+
+The obvious reason for doubting _ex facie_ that this is the Queen's
+composition, is its masculine character; but some of your many learned
+correspondents may be able to say whether the verses are to be found
+elsewhere, and attributed to any other author?
+
+I myself have not seen the volume for above fifty years; but the
+foregoing extracts have been furnished me by a friend who lately
+examined it. One curious particular, however, I remember. The capital
+letters at the head of the several divisions of the work are, after the
+manner of the time, ornamented with _devices_, and one of these, which
+Queen Mary _must_ have seen (if _she_, indeed, wrote the MS. notes), is
+of a most grotesque character, totally unfit for a lady's, or indeed for
+any body's eye; and I dare say _that_ page was not exhibited in 1849.
+
+    C.
+
+
+Minor Queries Answered.
+
+_Meaning of Farlieu._--Devonshire leases for lives often reserve a money
+payment on the death of each life as a "heriot" or "farlieu." Can you
+inform me of the etymology and meaning of the latter word? it appears
+almost synonymous with "heriot."
+
+    CLERICUS.
+
+  [Bailey, in his _Dictionary_, says "_Farleu_ or _Farley_ is a duty
+  of sixpence paid to the lord of the manor of West Slapton in
+  Devonshire, in the western parts; _farleu_ being distinguished as
+  the best good thing from _heriot_ the best beast."]
+
+"_History of Anglesey._"--I would be glad if any of your readers can
+afford me any information regarding the writer of a work bearing the
+following title:--
+
+  "A History of the Island of Anglesey, from its first Invasion by
+  the Romans, until finally acceded to the Crown of England, &c.
+  Serving as a Supplement to Rowlands' Mona Antiqua Restaurata. To
+  which are also added, Memoirs of Owen Glendower, 4to. Lond. 1775,
+  pp. 88."
+
+Watt, in his _Bibliotheca Britannica_, ascribes to Dr. John Campbell,
+author of a _Political Survey of Great Britain_, &c., &c., the
+authorship of a little world entitled--
+
+  "A true and exact Description of the Island of Shetland, &c.
+  Together with an account of the Great White Herring Fishery of
+  that place, 12 mo. Lond. 1750, and 2d ed. 1753."
+
+In the preface the writer states that he spent five years in Shetland.
+Now I want to know if Dr. Campbell ever spent five years in Shetland;
+for if not, he could not be the author, though it would appear from vol.
+i. p. 679. of the _Political Survey_ that he had at least visited
+Shetland more than once. Also, as I have only the second edition, if any
+one would be so kind as to give me a copy of the title-page of the first
+edition, and the number of pages, I would feel obliged, as I suspect
+that in both these respects the editions differ.
+
+    [Greek: Boreas.]
+
+  [The following is a copy of the title-page of the first edition of
+  the latter work:--"An Exact and Authentic Account of the greatest
+  White Herring Fishery in Scotland, carried on yearly in the Island
+  of Zetland, by the Dutch only. The Method the Dutch use in
+  catching the Herrings, and an exact account of their way of
+  curing, and lasting, or casking them. And a Method laid down
+  whereby we may easily engross that profitable branch of trade into
+  our own hands. To which is prefixed a Description of the Island,
+  its situation, produce, the manners and customs of the
+  inhabitants, and their method of trading with the Dutch. By a
+  Gentleman who resided Five Years on the Island. London: Printed
+  for Joseph Davidson, at the Angel, in the Poultry, 1750." Pp. 34,
+  and a Preface to the Candid Reader of three pages.]
+
+_The Word "Rile."_--May I add to the _East-Anglian Vocabulary_ the
+adjective _rile_ = muddy? "The water is too _rile_ to drink" was the
+remark of a servant the other day. The verb _to rile_ is given in
+Forby's _Vocabulary_.
+
+    CHARLES THIRIOLD.
+
+  [Is not _rile_ a corruption of the American colloquialism _royle_
+  or _roil_, to make turbid by stirring up the sediment, or to make
+  angry? Theodore de la Guard, in _The Simple Cobler of Aggawam_, p.
+  2. A.D. 1647, says: "Sathan is now in his passions, he feeles his
+  passion approaching: he loves to fish in _royled_ waters."]
+
+
+
+
+Replies.
+
+
+WINCHESTER EXECUTION.
+
+(Vol. iv., pp. 191. 243. 284.)
+
+The pathetic story of a person sentenced to death for sheep-stealing,
+winning the heart of the gaoler by a long course of good conduct, and
+executed at last on the "death-warrant" being found in the office, is
+utterly apocryphal. There has not been such a thing as a death-warrant
+in England for centuries, except in London and Middlesex (where the
+recorder communicated the pleasure of the crown to _spare_ certain
+prisoners, and leave others to their fate, in an instrument improperly
+so called), and in the special case referred to hereafter. It was
+necessary, when sentence was pronounced by Commissioners of Oyer and
+Terminer, that a precept under their hands and seals should be made out;
+but in the case of Commissioners of Gaol Delivery the entry on record of
+the judgement of the court is sufficient; and though a calendar is now
+made out, and delivered to the sheriff, specifying the several
+sentences or acquittals of all the prisoners in gaol, yet it is not
+necessary. Lord Hale says:
+
+  "_Rolle_ would never subscribe any such calendar, but would
+  command the sheriff openly in court to take notice of the
+  judgments and orders of what kind soever, and command the sheriff
+  to execute them at his peril."
+
+And, until a few years ago (when the law requiring murderers to be
+executed the day next but one after sentence was repealed), murderers
+were executed on verbal authority only, as no calendar was made out
+until the close of the assizes, some time after the execution. The
+special case above referred to is, when a person was tried by the Court
+of Peers before the Lord High Steward, in which case that officer issued
+a precept for execution. But if the trial be in parliament, a writ for
+execution issues under the Great Seal, as in the case of Lord William
+Russell.
+
+Having demolished one story, I feel bound to give you another.
+
+The Crown never directs execution, but respites it either to a day
+fixed, or during her Majesty's pleasure, which last is what is commonly
+called a _reprieve_. A late learned Baron is said to have respited an
+unlucky criminal on whose fate he hesitated, once, twice, thrice, till,
+having lost his reckoning, he wrote to this effect:
+
+  "I do not know whether John Smith's respite has expired; if it
+  has, it is no matter; if not, let the execution be further
+  respited until the ---- day of ---- next."
+
+    A. B.
+
+I have seen in an Exeter paper an article taken from "NOTES AND
+QUERIES," entitled "Execution under singular Circumstances," the writer
+of which is in manifest error. There is no such thing as a warrant for
+execution; I will venture to say it could not have happened as is
+therein stated. I have been repeatedly undersheriff of Devon, and
+therefore beg to state the mode in which executions take place.
+
+At the end of the assizes the crown-bar judge and the clerk of assize
+sit down quietly together, and go over the sentences of the prisoners,
+after which they are classed, and a fair copy signed by the clerk of the
+assize--not the judge--is delivered to the undersheriff, which is his
+only authority for carrying the different sentences into execution. If a
+man is to be hung, opposite his name is written, "Let him be hanged by
+the neck," and an asterisk is added to draw the undersheriff's
+attention. Should the man afterwards be respited, the judge, or the
+clerk of assize, writes to the undersheriff, and also (_ex abundanti
+cautel�_) to the gaoler, to say so. Should the undersheriff hear nothing
+further, he hangs the man at the end of the respite, as a matter of
+course. A reprieve comes from the secretary of state's office. At the
+end of the shrievalty this list of sentences is sent to the Court of
+Exchequer, as forming part of what is called the Bill of Cravings, and
+in which the sheriff is allowed a certain sum towards the expenses of
+the execution. What may be the practice in _London_ I do not know, but
+the above would be the practice at Winchester.
+
+    P. J.
+
+  Exeter, Sept. 15. 1851.
+
+
+COCKNEY.
+
+(Vol. iv., p. 237.)
+
+Halliwell illustrates this word by a quotation from Nash's _Pierce
+Penilesse_, 1592:
+
+  "A young heyre or _cockney_, that is his mother's darling, if hee
+  playde the waste-good at the innes of the court, or about London,
+  falles in a quarrelling humor with his fortune, because she made
+  him not king of the Indies."
+
+Richardson gives the following quotation from Fuller's _Worthies_:
+
+  "I meet with a double sense of this word _cockeney_.... 1st, One
+  coaks'd or cockered, made a wanton or nestle-cock of.... 2nd, One
+  utterly ignorant of husbandry and housewifery, such as is
+  practised in the country...."
+
+Webster gives the following derivation, &c.:
+
+  "COCKNEY, _n._ [Most probably from L. _coquina_, a kitchin, or
+  _coquino_, to cook; Fr. _coquin_, idle; Fr. _cocagne_, It.
+  _cuccagna_, an imaginary country of idleness and luxury....
+  Hence, a citizen who leads an idle life, or never leaves the
+  city.]
+
+  "1. A native of London, by way of contempt. _Watts. Shak._
+
+      "'And yet I say by my soul I have no salt bacon
+      Ne no _cokeney_ by Christe coloppes to make.'
+
+      "'At that feast were they served in rich array;
+      Every five and five had a _cokeney_.'"
+
+Chaucer, in the above lines quoted by Webster, probably refers to any
+substantial dish of fresh meat, which might be cut in collops; possibly,
+however, to young roasted pigs, which, as every one knows, are
+continually running about, all over the land of cockaigne, with knives
+and forks stuck into them, crying, "Come eat me, come eat me."
+
+Whether the word cockney be derived from the the land of cockaigne, or
+the legend of cockaigne arise from cockney, it appears probable that
+both words have their origin in the same root with the verb _to cook_,
+and that the epithet originally conveyed the imputation to citizens, of
+a superfluous consumption of cooked meat; inasmuch as the inhabitants of
+large cities generally consider the daily use of fresh meat almost as a
+necessary of life, while the provincial population is content to exist
+on less nutritious food.
+
+Whatever may be the original import of the epithet, the modern
+application of it is, I believe, confined to the natives of the
+metropolis, and it corresponds in use and signification with the terms
+_rustic_ and _chaw-bacon_, which distinguish the natives of the
+provinces; the latter term being exclusively appropriated to
+agriculturalists. Epithets, apparently of similar origin, exist in the
+seaman's _land-lubber_, the landsman's _jack-tar_, the Englishman's
+_froggy_, and the Frenchman's _ros-bif_.
+
+Londoners themselves appear to have a theoretical notion that the
+inhabitants of Belgravia, and other enlightened metropolitan districts,
+are strictly entitled to the designation _cockney_, in virtue of their
+birth and residence within the sound of Bow-bells; but practically limit
+its application to those members of the lower, and more ignorant classes
+of the community, who traditionally retain some of the obsolete idioms,
+and other peculiarities of speech, of our Anglo-Saxon forefathers.
+
+    A LONDONER.
+
+
+SIR EDMUND PLOWDEN OR PLOYDEN.
+
+(Vol. iv., p. 58.)
+
+For the information of your correspondent A TRANSATLANTIC READER, I beg
+to inform him that Sir Edmund Plowden or Ployden was 2nd son of Francis
+Plowden of Plowden, Salop, and Shiplake in Berks: a family which can
+claim its descent from the Saxon kings of England; and by a Saxon
+charter, granting lands in Salop to the family, that the family had
+large estates in that remote period. The Saxon derivation of the name
+(from the Saxon _Plean deen_, or kill the Dane) alone shows the great
+antiquity of the family; and there are few, if any, families in England
+who have retained their ancestral property so direct in the male line as
+this family. It is also connected with some of the oldest and noblest
+families in England--the Howards and Staffords are allied to this family
+by intermarriages. In the reign of Richard I. Sir Roger de Plowden was a
+crusader; and for his heroic conduct at the siege of Acre, was knighted,
+and also permitted by the king to bear on his shield the royal arms, the
+_fleur de lis_, which is retained to this day. In 9 Edward II., John de
+Plowden was by parliamentary writ, signed at Clopstow 5th March, called
+to parliament as one of the lords of the township of Plowden, Salop.
+Edmund Plowden, the great lawyer in Edw. VI. and Elizabeth's reigns, who
+was in those times called the oracle of the law, was enrolled among
+Fuller's _Worthies of England_, with Camden's Latin verses on him: "Vit�
+integritati inter homines su� professionis nulli secundus."
+
+He was offered by Elizabeth, whose autograph letter was until recently
+in the possession of the family, the Lord Chancellorship of England,
+with a peerage, if he would give up his creed as Catholic and turn
+Protestant; which he declined, preferring to abide by his moral
+convictions of the truthfulness of what he deemed his faith to worldly
+honour and aggrandisement. Sir Edmund died at Wanstead, county of
+Southampton, in 1659; and in possession of large estates in eleven
+parishes in England, besides his American province of New Albion. To
+each of these parishes he leaves by his will of 1655 a sum of money to
+be paid "eight days after his demise, and directs to be buried in the
+chapel of the Plowdens at Lydbury, in Salop; a stone monument, with an
+inscription in brass bearing the names of his children, and another with
+his _correct pedigree_ as drawn out at his house in Wanstead." He
+appears to have gone to America about the year 1620, and remained there,
+in Virginia and New England, till about 1630. While there, his sister
+Ann was married to Sir Arthur Lake, son of Sir Thomas Lake, then
+Secretary of State to James I.; and through whose influence, we presume,
+on his return to England he was introduced to the great Lord Strafford,
+with whom it is believed he proceeded to Ireland; for in the Heralds'
+Visitation of Salop, 1632, (_vide_ Sims' _H. Vist._, Brit. Mus.), he is
+entered in the Plowden pedigree as being then in Ireland. By the
+Strafford State Papers it appears that in this year he made petition to
+Charles I. through Lord Strafford, then Lieut. and Capt.-General of
+Ireland, for the colonising of New Albion:--
+
+  "Near the continent of Virginia, sixty leagues N. from James City,
+  without the Bay of Chesapeake, there is a habitable and fruitful
+  island, named Isle Plowden, otherwise Long Isle, with other small
+  isles between 30� and 40� of lat., about sixty leagues from the
+  main, near De la Warre Bay, where Your Majesty, nor any of your
+  Progenitors, were ever possessed of any estate, &c ... to enable
+  the petitioners, their heirs and assigns, for ever to enjoy the
+  said Isle, and forty leagues square of the adjoining continent, as
+  in the nature of a County Palatine or Body Politick, by the name
+  of New Albion, to be held of your Majesty's Crown of Ireland,
+  exempt from all appeal to the Governor of Virginia, and with such
+  other additions, privileges, and dignities therein, to be given to
+  Sir Edmund Plowden, like has been heretofore granted to Sir George
+  Calvert, Knight, late Lord Calvert, in Newfoundland, together with
+  the usual grants and privileges that other Colonies have for
+  governing, &c., and we agree to settle with 500 inhabitants."
+
+The king's warrant was given at Oatlands 24th July, 1632, granting the
+whole asked for, under the Great Seal of Ireland, signed by John Coke.
+Between this period and 1634, Sir Edmund was engaged in fulfilling the
+conditions of the warrant by carrying out the colonisation by
+indentures, which were executed and enrolled in Dublin, and St. Mary's
+in Maryland in America. In Dublin the parties were Viscount Musherry,
+100 planters; Lord Monson, 100 planters; Sir Thomas Denby, 100 planters;
+Captain Clayborne (of American notoriety) 50; Captain Balls; and
+amounting in all to 540 colonisers, beside others in Maryland,
+Virginia, and New England. The parties who joined in the petition were
+Sir John Lawrence, Knight and Baronet, who died in America; Sir Bowyer
+Worstley, Knight, and Charles Barrett, Esq.,--both died there in 1634;
+George Noble, Gent., Thomas Ribread, Roger Packe, William Inwood, and
+John Trustler. Having completed the conditions he was granted a charter,
+bearing date Oatlands, 21st June, 1634; and enrolled in Dublin in 17
+pages folio; and confirmed 24th July, 1634, in the eighth year of the
+reign of Charles I., running thus:
+
+  "And according to the tenour and effect of certain of our letters,
+  signed with our proper hand, and sealed with our seal now enrolled
+  in the Rolls of our Chancery of the said Kingdom of Ireland, We
+  have given, granted, and confirmed, and by this our present
+  Charter, for Us, our heirs, and successors, do give, grant, and
+  confirm such the before said Sir Edmund Plowden, Knight, his heirs
+  and assigns, for ever, all that entire island near the continent
+  of Terra Firma of North Virginia, called the Island of Plowden, or
+  Long Island, and lying near and between the 39� and 40� of N.
+  lat.; together with part of the continent or Terra Firma aforesaid
+  near adjoining, described to begin from the point of an angle of a
+  certain promontory called Cape Cod, from thence to the westward
+  for the space of 40�, running by the river Delaware, closely
+  following its course by the N. lat. into a certain rivulet there
+  arising from a spring of Lord Baltimore in the lands of Maryland,
+  and the summit aforesaid to the south, where it touches, joins,
+  and determines in all its breadth, from thence takes its course
+  into a square leading to the north by a right line for the space
+  of 40� to the river and port of Reachu Cod, and descends to a
+  savannah, touching and including the top of Sand Bay, where it
+  determines, and from thence towards the south by a square,
+  stretching to a savannah which passes by and washes the shores of
+  the Plowden aforesaid to the point of the promontory of Cape May
+  above mentioned, and determines where it begins." And p. 4.
+  continues: "Therefore We, for Us, our heirs, and successors, do
+  give unto the aforesaid Sir Edmund Plowden, and his heirs and
+  assigns, free and full power graciously to confer favours and
+  honours upon the well-deserving citizens and inhabitants within
+  the _province aforesaid with whatever titles and dignities_ he
+  shall choose to decorate them with (in such a manner as they may
+  but now be usurped in England), and to cut and stamp different
+  pieces of gold such as shall be lawful, current, and acceptable to
+  all the inhabitants; and We command all, and enjoin other things
+  to be done in the premises which to him or them shall be seen to
+  be proper, in as free and ample a manner and form as by the
+  Society of Newfoundland and East Indies, Island of Bermuda, Bishop
+  of Durham within the Bishoprick or County Palatine of Durham; or
+  Lord Baltimore within his lands and premises of Maryland and
+  Glastonbury; or James Earl of Carlisle within the island of St.
+  Christopher and Barbadoes; or any other Governor or Founder of a
+  Colony."
+
+In fact, the powers granted were never exceeded by any former charter of
+the Crown: they were all but regal. Under this charter a lease, enrolled
+in Dublin, was granted by Lord Plowden in 1634 to Sir Thomas Danby for
+10,000 acres, and a release, dated 20th Dec. 1634, sealed and signed at
+St. Mary's, Maryland, and witnessed by Vall Havord and Richard Benham,
+by R. Packe for 200 acres; T. Ribread, 100; W. Inwood, 100; and John
+Trustler, 100; segregating 500 acres in trust for the "Earl of Albion,
+when they deliver up their claims or trusts in consideration for this
+grant of land; and confirmed unto Lord Francis Plowden, son and heir of
+Sir Edmund Plowden, Earl Palatine, and George and Thomas Plowden, two of
+the sons of the said Sir Edmund, Earl Palatine." Sir Edmund Plowden
+resided with his wife and family as Governor of New Albion six years;
+his eldest son, Francis, and Lady Plowden, returned to England to look
+after his father's estates in his absence: but Francis so abused the
+confidence reposed in him, as to oblige the Governor to return to
+England (leaving his sons George and Thomas as his _locum tenens_). On
+his arrival he was incarcerated in the Fleet Prison on a base charge
+emanating from his son, from which he was released by order of the
+_Peers Committee_, House of Lords; and likewise involved in a lawsuit to
+recover certain estates sold by his son, which cost him 15,000_l._
+before he was clear. This unnatural and illegal conduct induced him to
+disinherit his son Francis; for, in the 15th of Charles I., 1st June,
+1646, Sir Edmund obtained license from the Crown to alienate from his
+son the manors of Wanstead, Southwick, and many others in the county of
+Southampton, as is enrolled in the Rolls Chapel. By his will, in the
+Prerogative Court of Canterbury, London, Sir Wm. Mason was in trust for
+Sir Edmund's second son and heir, Thomas Plowden; and also for the New
+Albion colony. And the will proceeds:
+
+  "And I think it fit that my English lands and estates shall be
+  settled and united to my Honor, County Palatine, and Province of
+  New Albion, for the maintenance of the same; and again, that all
+  my lease lands in England be sold with all convenient speed by my
+  executors and overseers herein named, and with the money arising
+  therefrom to buy good freehold, to be settled and entailed as the
+  rest of my lands are settled on my second son Thomas Plowden, and
+  the heirs male of his body lawfully begotten, or to be begotten;
+  also my County Palatine of New Albion, and Peerage as a Peer of
+  Ireland, as aforesaid, unto Thomas Plowden my son during his
+  natural life, and after his decease, to the heirs male of my son
+  Thomas, begotten or to be begotten; and again, I do enter and will
+  that my son Thomas Plowden, and, after his decease _his eldest
+  heir_ in male, and, if he be under age, then his guardian, with
+  all speed after my decease do employ by consent of Sir William
+  Mason of Gray's Inn, Knight, whom I make a trustee of this my
+  plantation of New Albion; and if my son Thomas shall by fail,
+  defence, loose, agree, give, or alien any part of my estates,
+  lands, or rents in England to Francis my son, or his issue, then
+  my son shall forfeit and lose to _his eldest_ son all lands and
+  estates and rents in England herein settled, entailed, or given
+  him, and to be forfeited during his life."
+
+George either died, or was killed, in the massacres by the Indians; as
+was also Francis, third son of Thomas, along with his wife and family,
+as alluded to in his father's will, dated 1698.
+
+These attacks on the infant colony were instigated by the Dutch and
+Swedes of the New Netherlands, as they called New Albion, and who did
+all they could to obstruct and thwart the Earl Palatine's plans, as is
+alluded to in _The Theatre of the Empire of Great Britain_: Speed and
+Basset, 1676, dedicated to James I.; and recommended as a most authentic
+work by Sir Richard St. George, Norroy King of Arms.
+
+  "Moreover these proceedings, upon complaint made to his late
+  Majesty, and by whom represented to the State of Holland, were
+  absolutely disowned by them, and wholly laid upon the East India
+  Company of Amsterdam. The most northerly part towards New England
+  was by his Majesty granted by patent to Sir Edmund Plowden, by the
+  name of New Albion. The most southerly towards Virginia to Sir
+  George Calvert, now Lord Baltimore, by the name of Maryland. The
+  Dutch, upon some consideration agreed on, were forthwith to have
+  quitted the place; yet, for all this, as the custom of this people
+  is never to let go any opportunity that serves their turn, whether
+  by right or wrong, they took advantage of the unhappy dissentions
+  and cruel wars that soon after happened within this nation: they
+  not only stood upon higher demands than was at first agreed on,
+  but also contrived to stir up the natives against the English,
+  that they might have the better opportunity of fixing themselves.
+  In this state things remained till his present Majesty, after his
+  restoration, resolved to send three ships of war."
+
+Charles II. most tyrannically, privately, without sanction from
+Parliament, and without even alluding to his father's charter to Sir
+Edmund Plowden, gave a charter of the Province to his brother James, at
+the same time creating him Duke of Albany. Before James was duly clothed
+with the powers of Governor, he sold a large portion of it to Lord
+Berkely for 65,000_l._ For years afterwards, the Duke of York's title
+was disputed, and many disturbances arose, and Chancery suits, as
+entered in the American chancery suits of that period. Lord Sutherland,
+as the colonial officer, disputed the validity of the Duke's claim. A
+greater act of injustice could hardly be perpetrated than this virtual
+abrogation of the original charter, after so many years of labour had
+been expended, charges incurred, loss of estates and relations, and the
+other evils attending planting this colony which absence from England
+gave rise to. Sir Edmund Plowden was not inferior to any of his
+co-governors in ability, fortune, position, or family. Though he made a
+greater sacrifice than any, he never received the slightest compensation
+like the other early colonisers. We conclude that family dissentions
+connected with the disinheritance of Francis Plowden, must have tended
+to facilitate Charles II.'s illegal conduct; for, in Thomas Plowden's
+Will, 1698, in the Prerogative Court of Canterbury, he alludes to his
+son-in-law, Walter Hall, illegally and forcibly retaining papers
+connected with the estates: Province of New Albion Charter, the Patent
+for the Peerage of Ireland. The first cousin of the disinherited son was
+a Col. Plowden of the Life Guards, who followed James II.'s fortunes,
+and accompanied him on his leaving England, and died as his chamberlain
+at St. Germains in France. These documents may have come into his hands,
+and have been lost in France. It is quite clear that the only estate
+which came to Thomas's eldest son James of Ewhurst was Lassam in
+Southampton, and his son James also held it; he was married to Sarah
+Chichely, daughter of Sir John Chichely, son of Sir Henry Chichely,
+formerly Governor of Virginia, the lineal descendant of Thomas, Lord
+Mayor of London, and brother of Archbishop Chichely, founder of All
+Souls, Oxford. This family is now extinct in the male, but still exist
+in the female line in the Plowden family, which is the nearest of kin of
+any family, and consequently has a stronger claim to the Fellowships of
+that college as founder's kin. There can be no question but that the
+family have a legal claim against the government for the unjust
+alienation of that province to James II.; but the loss of the charter,
+and the ignorance of the family that it was enrolled in Ireland (now
+found), prevented the heir and representative of Sir Edmund from
+claiming compensation. Nothing but an act of parliament can nullify the
+sacred rights of a charter; if it were not so, no public or private
+right would be safe a day. As to his peerage, it was litigated at the
+time, and decided in his favour; but the Commonwealth did not favour the
+restoration of titles granted by Charles I., and on the Restoration, Sir
+Edmund's papers were lost to those to whom they would have been useful.
+Notwithstanding the sarcastic and bad spirit in which Beauchamp
+Plantagenet's _New Albion_ of 1648 was reviewed by Mr. Pennington of
+Philadelphia, I trust that the Americans will treat the early pioneer of
+one of the best portions of America in a more liberal spirit, and do
+justice to his memory. We have now no new worlds to discover; and the
+present race of men can hardly appreciate the labours, dangers, and
+hardships our first colonisers had to endure--but they however know the
+value of their exertions. They have secured for America one of the
+finest countries in the world, which may one day be an empire of vast
+power. Its separation from the mother country was the greatest national
+calamity that ever befell her. How fatal has it been to France; first
+for abetting clandestinely the Americans against England, and at last
+throwing away the mask, openly assisting her with her arms. Since then,
+what calamities have befallen her, and may even yet befall her. Had we
+then, as Macaulay says, had a Clive at the head of our armies, and a
+Hastings in council, that separation might either have been deferred, or
+we might have parted friendly, instead of in enmity. Had I time to glean
+it, I have no doubt I could furnish much important matter connected with
+New Albion, derived from sources within my reach.
+
+    ALBION.
+
+P.S. There are two seals attached to Sir Edmund Plowden's Will; his
+private seal of the Plowdens, and his Earl's with supporters, signed
+"Albion:" the same as is given in Beauchamp Plantagenet's _New Albion_,
+1648 (King's Lib. B. Mus.).
+
+
+GENERAL JAMES WOLFE.
+
+(Vol. iv., p. 271.)
+
+He was born in a house now inhabited by the vicar, at Westerham, Kent,
+on the 2d of January, 1727, and not, as the various notices of his life
+state, the 15th of January, 1726 (see _Penny Cyclop�dia_ and other
+works). His mother's Christian name was Henrietta, and she, I believe,
+came from or near Deptford, to which place in the latter years of her
+life, she again went to reside. Wolfe was an only child; the name is
+still to be found in the neighbourhood of Westerham. Shortly after his
+birth, his parents removed to a house at the extreme end of the town,--a
+picturesque mansion it is, and is named after him Quebec House. Under
+this roof Wolfe's happiest hours were spent.
+
+Sir Jeffrey Amherst (a native of the same valley, Holmsdale), patronised
+him, but where first engaged I never could discover. His body was
+brought to England, and interred at Greenwich; monuments were erected to
+him in Westminster Abbey, Squerries Park, Westerham, and Westerham
+Church. The inscription on the marble tablet, erected in the latter, I
+subjoin:--
+
+                            JAMES,
+      Son of Colonel Edward Wolfe, and Henrietta his Wife,
+              Was born in this parish, January 2d,
+                          MDCCXXVII.
+                And died in America, Sept. 19th,
+                          MDCCLIX.
+                    Conqueror of Quebec!
+
+      "Whilst George in sorrow bows his laurelled head,
+      And bids the artist grace the soldier dead;
+      We raise no sculptured trophy to thy name,
+      Brave youth! the fairest in the list of fame.
+      Proud of thy birth, we boast th' auspicious year,
+      Struck with thy fall, we shed a general tear,
+      With humble grief, inscribe one artless stone,
+      And from thy matchless honours date our own."
+
+His sword is preserved in the United Service Museum, and was engraved
+about two years since in the _Illustrated London News_. An old professed
+portrait of him dangles as the sign of a beer-shop in Westerham. Wolfe
+was ardently attached to Colonel Barr�, whose portrait is introduced in
+West's celebrated picture of the Death of Wolfe; another head in the
+picture is, I have been told, a likeness of a person who had been
+captured by the Indians, and was about to be scalped, when his life was
+saved by the intercession of a chief Wolfe had formerly pardoned.
+
+Wolfe was the youngest general ever entrusted with such a responsible
+command; but his bravery, his great humanity, his love to his troops,
+and above all, his glorious death, will render his name immortal in the
+page of British history.
+
+    H. G. D.
+
+The inclosed lines were given to me some years since by an old lady, who
+stated that they came into her possession through some relatives of the
+lady to whom they were addressed. I now much regret that I did not hear
+(or if I heard it have forgotten) the lady's name. Perhaps in the last
+letter of the series now in the hands of [Ezh], some allusion may be
+found to one in whom the parting hero felt so deep an interest; at all
+events the lines may be acceptable to [Ezh] or others of your readers
+desirous for some further knowledge of the private life of this
+"faithful soldier." Might not the parish register of Westerham in Kent,
+the birthplace of Wolfe, _possibly_ supply his mother's maiden name, or
+some other particular as to his family connexions? His father, also
+_General_ Wolfe, may perhaps have distinguished himself in "the 45," but
+James Wolfe was then barely nineteen years of age, and I have never met
+with any allusion to his taking part in that campaign. His appointment
+to the American service is said to have been the result of his display
+of military talent in Germany.
+
+  LINES WRITTEN AT PORTSMOUTH BY GENERAL WOLFE, AND PRESENTED TO HIS
+  LADY THE EVENING BEFORE HIS EMBARKATION FOR THE SIEGE OF QUEBEC.
+
+      "At length too soon, dear creature,
+        Receive my fond adieu,
+      Thy pangs, oh Love, how bitter!
+        Thy joys how short, how few!
+      No more those eyes so killing,
+        The melting glance repeat,
+      Nor bosom gently swelling,
+        With love's soft tumults beat.
+
+      "I go where glory leads me,
+        And dangers point the way,
+      Though coward love upbraids me,
+        Stern honour bids obey.
+      'Tis honour's boasting stories,
+        My anxious fears reprove,
+      And point to wealth, fame, glories,
+        Ah, what are these to love?
+
+      "Two passions vainly pleading,
+        My beating heart divide,
+      Lo, there my country bleeding,
+        And _here_ my weeping bride.
+      But ah, thy faithful soldier,
+        Can true to either prove,
+      Fame fires my soul all over,
+        While every pulse beats love.
+
+      "Then think where'er I wander,
+        The sport of seas and wind,
+      No distance hearts can sunder,
+        Whom mutual truth has joined.
+      Kind heaven the brave requiting,
+        Shall safe thy love restore,
+      With raptures crown our meeting,
+        And joys ne'er felt before."
+
+        Poor Wolfe, but poorer bride!
+
+    YUNAF.
+
+I am enabled to reply to the third Query of [Ezh] from papers in my
+possession. Wolfe's commission as second lieutenant in his father's
+(Col. Edward Wolfe's) regiment of marines[3], is dated 3d November,
+1741; as ensign in Col. Scipio Duroure's regiment, 27th March, 1742; as
+lieutenant in the same regiment, 14th July, 1743; as adjutant in the
+same regiment, 22d July, 1743; as captain in Barrell's regiment, 23d
+June, 1744; as major in Lord George Sackville's regiment[4], 5th
+January, 1748-49; as lieut.-col. of the same regiment, 20th March,
+1749-50, and colonel by brevet, 21st Oct. 1757; colonel of the 67th
+regiment, 21st April, 1758; brigadier in America, 23d July, 1758; killed
+at siege of Quebec.
+
+  [Footnote 3: This regiment was afterwards numbered the 1st regiment.]
+
+  [Footnote 4: This regiment was afterwards numbered the 20th, and
+  then the 67th.]
+
+Wolfe's father, Edward Wolfe, was appointed brigadier-general, 25th
+April, 1745; major-general, 27th May, 1745, and lieut.-general, 30th
+Sept. 1747.
+
+If [Ezh] will communicate with me personally, I may be able to furnish
+him with some other information relating to Wolfe.
+
+    ROBERT COLE.
+
+The following memoranda from MSS. in my care, relative to this
+distinguished man, may, perhaps, be of use to your correspondent [Ezh].
+
+Feb. 1746, a petition (dated Feb. 1746) to the Duke of Bedford for his
+interference relative to the pay due to him as Inspector of Marines.
+
+Another letter, dated July 7, 1746, printed in the first volume of the
+_Bedford Correspondence_.
+
+Another letter, dated Feb. 16, 1747, on the same subject as the first.
+
+Another letter, dated Feb. 19, 1757, also printed in the _Bedford
+Correspondence_.
+
+Another letter, dated July 22, 1767, relative to his embarkation of a
+regiment in which he was lieut.-col.
+
+Another letter, dated Jan. 26, 1788, printed in the _Bedford
+Correspondence_.
+
+Copy of a letter to Lord George Sackville, dated Halifax, May 12.
+
+    W. A.
+
+Major-General Edward Wolfe resided in one of the villas in Montague
+Walk, on the west side of Greenwich Park; afterwards the residence of
+the Hon. Mr. Lyttelton, Henry Drax, Esq., Mr. Scott, and his widow.
+
+In the register book of St. Alphege in Greenwich occurs this entry:
+
+      "Major-Gen'l James Wolfe, buried Nov. 20th 1759."
+
+His body was brought to England from Quebec, and laid by the side of his
+father, Major-Gen. E. Wolfe, who was buried there on April 2, 1759.
+
+His mother's Christian name was Henrietta; she bequeathed 500_l_. to
+Bromley College at her death in 1765.
+
+The short sword worn by General Wolfe at the time of his death is in the
+United Service Institution in Scotland Yard. His military cloak is, I
+believe, kept in the Tower.
+
+    MACKENZIE WALCOTT, M.A.
+
+In the church of Westerham, the place of Wolfe's birth, as well as in
+Westminster Abbey, is a cenotaph. Is it well known who was the author of
+the pleasing lines inscribed at Westerham?
+
+      "While George in sorrow bows his laurel'd head."
+
+May I also ask whether the packet of autograph letters in the possession
+of your correspondent was ever shown to Southey, and whether an
+intention was not entertained by him, at one period, of writing a memoir
+of Wolfe? If these letters were unknown to Southey, I have strong
+reasons for believing that another collection of General Wolfe's letters
+exists. Would not your correspondent's collection or a selection from
+it, form a very interesting publication?
+
+    J. H. M.
+
+
+STANZAS IN CHILDE HAROLD.
+
+(Vol. iv., pp. 223. 285.)
+
+I am much obliged to your correspondents who have taken the trouble to
+answer my Query respecting the lines in _Childe Harold_; but I am sorry
+that you did not print one of the replies "at considerable length" to
+which you allude in your note to MR. CROSSLEY'S brief one: for MR.
+CROSSLEY'S settlement of the question will hardly, I think, appear so
+satisfactory to all readers as it evidently does to him. Will you allow
+me to explain the reasons for thinking so?
+
+In his opinion it is quite transparent that Lord Byron meant to say,
+speaking to the Ocean of its shores:
+
+      "Thy waters wasted them when they were free,
+      And many a tyrant since" (has wasted them).
+
+But in my former letter I quoted a German translator's version of the
+lines, and he did not understand them thus; and I have just referred to
+a French translator's, and he also differs from MR. CROSSLEY. In fact,
+his view of the matter so completely tallies with mine, that I will,
+with your permission, quote his words:
+
+  "Tes rivages sont des empires, o� tout est chang�, except� toi.
+  Que sont devenus l'Assyrie, la Gr�ce, Rome, Carthage? Tes flots
+  battaient leurs fronti�res aux jours de la libert�, comme depuis
+  sous le r�gne de plus d'un tyran."
+
+This passage is taken from the complete translation of Lord Byron's
+Works, published at Paris in 1836, by M. Benjamin de Laroche, vol. i. p.
+754.
+
+M. de Laroche was no doubt led to form his opinion of the real meaning
+of these two lines from a careful consideration of those which
+immediately precede and immediately follow. The theme of the poet is the
+proud superiority of the ocean to human authority, and its insensibility
+to human vicissitude. He rebukes the haughty assumption that "Britannia
+rules the waves;" he refers in proof to the striking fact, that of the
+two most memorable tempests recorded in the naval history of Spain and
+England, the one aided our triumph, and the other tore the fruits of a
+triumph from us.
+
+      "The oak leviathans, whose huge ribs make
+      Their clay creator the proud title take
+      Of lord of thee, and arbiter of war,
+      These are thy toys, and, as the snowy flake,
+      They melt into thy yeast of waves, which mar
+      Alike the Armada's pride, or spoils of Trafalgar."
+
+And then he proceeds, according to my view of the passage, and according
+to the French translator's view, to point out, that while the shores of
+the ocean are changed, the action of the ocean continues the same; that
+it wasted the empires of the ancient world when they were free, and
+wasted them when they fell under the sway of tyrants:
+
+      "Thy shores are empires, changed in all save thee--
+      Assyria, Greece, Rome, Carthage, what are they?
+      Thy waters wasted them while they were free,
+      And many a tyrant since their shores obey."
+
+Here there seems to be a logical sequence, which is surely not to be
+found if the semicolon is kept, as MR. CROSSLEY wishes to keep it, after
+the word "since."
+
+      "Thy waters wasted them while they were free,
+      And many a tyrant since;"
+
+meaning, as he declares, that many a tyrant since has wasted them. There
+may be grammatical construction here, but what becomes of the meaning?
+The direct force of the words would surely be, that the ocean was in the
+habit of ravaging its shores in times of liberty, but that it left off
+when the tyrants began. I suppose it will be admitted that this is not
+exactly what the poet wished to convey. To his real meaning it will, I
+hope, be allowed to be essential that the statement should be made, that
+the ocean's ravages continue; and if this is not done in the fourth
+line, it is done nowhere,--the chain of reasoning is left without a
+link. To say that the ocean wasted empires once, and tyrants did it
+afterwards, is as little to the purpose as it would have been to say, in
+the preceding stanza, that the ocean destroyed the Armada, but that
+Nelson won Trafalgar. The lines become incoherent.
+
+I beg pardon for trespassing so long on your attention; but the question
+seems to have excited some interest, and I think the occasion may plead
+my excuse.
+
+    T. W.
+
+There is no occasion to say any more on the subject of T. W.'s doubts
+(Vol. iv., p. 223.) as to the construction of certain lines in the 182nd
+stanza: but his remarks on the substitution of the word _gush'd_ for
+_rush'd_, in the 141st stanza, induce me to offer a suggestion, or
+rather ask a Query, with respect to a word in another stanza (180th) of
+the same canto, which I shall quote entire.
+
+      "His steps are not upon thy paths--thy fields
+      Are not a spoil for him,--thou dost arise
+      And shake him from thee; the vile strength he wields
+      For earth's destruction thou dost all despise,
+      Spurning him from thy bosom to the skies;
+      And send'st him, shivering in thy playful spray
+      And howling, to his Gods, where haply lies
+      His petty hope in some near port or bay,
+      And dashest him again to earth:--there let him lay."
+
+The blot which disfigures the last line of this fine stanza, in the use
+of the word _lay_ for _lie_, has, I believe, been often observed; but
+the question I wish to throw out for the consideration of your readers
+is, whether it is quite certain that Lord Byron really wrote, or
+intended to write, the word _lay_. The following reasons appear to me to
+render it improbable that he did. 1. His lordship is admittedly, I
+believe, a great master of the English language, and would therefore be
+very unlikely to commit the somewhat vulgar blunder of writing _lay_ for
+_lie_, whatever might be the requirements of the rhyme. 2. This
+improbability is rendered much stronger by his having used the word
+_lies_ in the line next but one preceding; and therefore his attention
+could hardly have been averted from the distinction between the two
+words. 3. Though not professing to be a critic, it does appear to me
+that the sense itself of the line (taking the word _lay_ in the sense of
+_lie_) is weak and unmeaning, or at least far from worthy of the former
+part of the stanza.
+
+I am not perhaps bound to offer any emendation of the line, but in
+default of anything better I will venture to suggest that his lordship
+may have written, or intended to write, the word _pray_ as the
+concluding word of the stanza. The sense, with _pray_ instead of _lay_,
+would not, in my judgment, be inferior to that of the line in its
+present form; nor would it be in itself inappropriate, as allusion has
+just been made to man being sent "howling to his gods;" and, at all
+events, by the adoption of _pray_, an almost unpardonable grammatical
+error is avoided.
+
+    PRISCIAN.
+
+I cannot agree with T. W. as to the stanza quoted from the Hymn to the
+Ocean.
+
+      "Thy waters wasted them while they were free,
+      And many a tyrant since" (has wasted them),
+
+is very good sense, and much more Byronic than the cacophonous inversion
+T. W. proposes.
+
+_Blackwood's_ criticism of this hymn (probably by the Professor) is not
+at all too severe. Noble as are some parts of it, it is full of
+cockneyisms and platitudes. What can be worse than
+
+      "There let him _lay_."
+
+Again:
+
+      "Roll on, thou deep and dark blue ocean, roll!"
+
+is most magnificent in its sonorous march: but the next line is equally
+absurd:
+
+      "Ten thousand fleets sweep over thee _in vain_!"
+
+_In vain!_ Why, did not Columbus discover a world? Did not Nelson make
+England's fame eternal? Do not our tea, coffee, wine, and cotton cross
+the surging seas?
+
+As to the "Gladiator" stanza, nobody can doubt that _rushed_ is the
+right and most poetic reading. _Rush_ is a strong word: _gush_ a weak
+one, much hackneyed by neoteric poetasters. Byron never used _gush_ in
+such a sense. Thoughts do not _gush_, though blood and water may. I
+therefore venture to differ from T. W. and his two illustrious friends.
+
+    MORTIMER COLLINS.
+
+The difficulty which your correspondent T. W. finds in Lord Byron's
+celebrated Address to the Ocean is occasioned by his having taken up a
+wrong notion of the construction at the first reading; and the solution
+of his perplexity is so obvious, when this is once pointed out, that it
+must have already occurred to many of your readers, and very probably,
+by this time, to T. W. himself. The lines that puzzle him are--
+
+      "Thy waters wasted them while they were free,
+      And many a tyrant since; their shores obey
+      The stranger, slave, or savage."
+
+"What!" exclaims T. W., "The waters wasted many a tyrant? How, in the
+name of wonder?" How indeed! Probably more readers at once caught the
+sense:--
+
+      "_Thy waters_ wasted them while they were free
+      And many _a tyrant_ since--_has wasted them_."
+
+The word "wasted" is used in a somewhat different sense in the two
+cases, but this is the price of the antithesis; and the result follows,
+that their shores _now_ obey the stranger, the slave, or the savage, as
+exemplified in Greece, Asia and Africa respectively. And here we may
+observe, that the writer in _Blackwood's Magazine_, whom T. W. quotes,
+and who thinks the ocean appealed to is the world's ocean, and not the
+Mediterranean, has been just as blind to the train of thought in the
+other part as T. W. in this.
+
+But in the way of doing something beyond the solution of this particular
+obscurity, so far as there is any, I would remark, that Byron's efforts
+at concentration and point not unfrequently give rise to an obscurity of
+this kind; which for a moment produces a perplexity that seems laughable
+as soon as the true sense occurs to us. For instance, on first reading
+these verses in the _Corsair_,--
+
+      "Be the edge sharpen'd of my boarding brand,
+      And give its guard more room to fix my hand.
+      This let the armourer with speed dispose;
+      Last time, it more fatigued my arm than foes:"
+
+I exclaimed, like T. W., "What! his sword _fatigued_ his foes? What a
+most absurd expression! To be sure, one may imagine that when Conrad was
+killing his enemies one after another without stopping, they would say,
+What a _tiresome_ man he is! but this does not seem to be in the vein of
+the narration." And then, reading the passage again, and considering
+that the pirate complains of the guard of his sword being too narrow, I
+saw plainly that, with whatever damage to the rhythm, the verse was to
+be read--
+
+      "Last time, _it_ more fatigued my arm than _foes_" (did).
+
+My sword, by its not fitting to my hand, fatigued my arm more than all
+the resistance that foes could offer.
+
+I will give another example of the same kind, again taken from the
+Pirate. In the enthusiastic description of a ship, he says:
+
+      "Who would not brave the battle-fire--the wreck--
+      To move the monarch of her peopled deck?"
+
+"Who?" I exclaimed; "but who wants to move him? This monarch is, I
+suppose, the captain; but why should men in general wish to move _him_?"
+I suppose most of your readers see at the first what I saw at the second
+glance, that Byron meant "to move _as_ the monarch of this deck," that
+is, to be the captain.
+
+If I have satisfied T. W. and the rest of your readers of the
+construction of the first passage, I have, I think, also shown that the
+tendency to such transient mistakes in reading Byron is not uncommon.
+
+    W. W.
+
+  Cambridge, Oct. 10. 1851.
+
+
+Replies to Minor Queries.
+
+_MS. Note in a Copy of Liber Sententiarum_ (Vol. iv., pp. 188.
+282.).--For the information of W. S. W. I beg to notify that the
+"mundane era" quoted by him is the Septuagint era of Venerable Bede,
+who, in his chronology of the world, uses two eras; one of which he
+calls "juxta Hebraicam veritatem," the other, "juxta septuaginta
+interpretes."
+
+He makes the concurrence of these with A.D. 1, at the birth of Christ,
+to be respectively as follows:--
+
+      A.M. 3952.      A.M. Sep. 5300.      A.D. 1.
+
+The two latter, as W. S. W. will perceive, are exactly in the same
+relation as those in the MS. note.
+
+I should also suggest that "S" may be the initial in the writer's name,
+and not "T": in which case "[q=]. T." probably signifies "quam tribuit."
+
+    A. E. B.
+
+P.S.--Upon a second reference to the communication of W. S. W. I find
+that the above dates _are not_ consistent with those quoted by him, but
+differ by exactly a hundred years: that this should be the exact
+difference is very singular, and would lead me to suspect that there
+might have been a mistake in transcription, were it not that in his
+smaller work Bede has this sentence:
+
+  "Hujus anno Dominus nascitur, completis ab Adam annis
+  3952.--_Juxta alios_, 5199."
+
+_Naturalis proles_ (Vol. iv., p. 161.).--Undoubtedly in Latin
+_naturalis_ is opposed to "adopted;" _e.g._ "P. Scipio ... _naturalis_
+consulis Paulli, _adoptione_ Africani nepos." (Livy, xliv. 44.) I
+stumbled some time ago upon the following:
+
+  "The Act of Settlement by which Napoleon, Emperor of France, was
+  declared King of Italy, with the right of succession to his sons
+  _natural_ or _adopted_, and male heirs.... He declared that he
+  accepted, and would defend, the iron crown; and that even during
+  his lifetime he would consent to separate the two crowns, and
+  place one of his _natural_ or _adopted_ sons upon the
+  throne."--Alison's _History_, chap. xxxix. �� 38, 39.
+
+I have no means of ascertaining whether this is a literal rendering from
+the French document. If I may trust my _Dictionnaire de l'Acad�mie_,
+this sense of the word is unknown to the French language, as well as to
+ours.
+
+    CHARLES THIRIOLD.
+
+_Print cleaning_ (Vol. iv., p. 175.).--The following method is given as
+infallible by Mr. Stannard in the _Art-Union_ for 1847, pp. 179. 261.:
+
+  "Immerse the print for an hour or so in a lye made by adding to
+  the strongest muriatic acid its own weight in water, and to three
+  parts of this mixture adding one of red oxide of lead, or black
+  oxide of manganese. A print, if not quickly cleaned, may remain in
+  the liquid twenty-four hours without harm. Indian ink stains
+  should in the first instance be assisted out with hot water.
+  Pencil marks, if carefully done, should be partially rubbed out
+  with India rubber or day-old bread; that is, if it can be safely
+  done, as rubbing an engraving is always hazardous. If the print
+  had been mounted, the paste on the back should be thoroughly
+  removed with warm water. The saline crystals left by the solution
+  may be removed by repeated rinsings with warm water."
+
+    ALTRON.
+
+_Story referred to by Jeremy Taylor_ (Vol. iv., pp. 208. 262.).--My copy
+of _Don Quixote_ has the following note on the passage referred to by
+Mr. C. H. COOPER:--
+
+  "_Two old men appeared before Sancho_, etc.--I believe this story
+  is told, for the first time, in some of the Talmudic writings; but
+  Cervantes, in all probability, took it from the _Legenda Aurea
+  Jacobi de Voragine_, in which monkish collection it occurs in
+  these words:
+
+  "'Vir quidam ab uno Jud�o quamdam summam pecuni� mutuo accepit,
+  jurans super altare Sancti Nicolai quod quam citius posset sibi
+  redderet. Tenente autem illo diu pecuniam Jud�us expostulavit: sed
+  eam sibi reddidisse affirmat. Trahit ergo eum ad judicem et
+  juramentum indicitur debitori: Ille baculum cavatum quem auro
+  minuto impleverat secum detulerat, ac si ejus adminiculo
+  indigeret: Volens igitur facere juramentum Jud�o baculum tradidit
+  servandum. Juravit quod plus sibi reddiderat etiam quam debet; et
+  facto juramento baculum repetiit. Et Jud�us ignorans astuti� eum
+  sibi reddidit. Rediens autem qui fraudem fecerat in quodam bivio
+  oppressus corruit somno: Currusque eum, cum impetu veniens,
+  necuit, et baculum plenum auro fregit, et aurum effudit.'
+
+  "The conclusion of the story is, that the Jew having received his
+  money, was earnestly entreated to acknowledge his sense of the
+  Divine interposition in his favour, by receiving baptism. He said
+  he would do so if Saint Nicholas would, at his prayer, restore the
+  dead man to life. The saint was, without much difficulty, induced
+  to do this, and the Jew became an edifying specimen of conversion.
+  See the chapter de Sancto Nicolao."--_The History of the Ingenious
+  Gentleman Don Quixote of La Mancha; translated from the Spanish by
+  Motteux. A new Edition, with copious Notes, &c._ Edinburgh, 1822,
+  vol. v. p. 334.
+
+May not Jeremy Taylor, in the passage cited from the _Ductor
+Dubitantium_ ("NOTES AND QUERIES," Vol. iv., p. 208.), have been quoting
+_from memory_, and confused the Talmudic(?) legend with a well-known
+passage in Juvenal, _Sat._ xiii. 199-207.? Compare--
+
+  "The _Greek_ that denied the _depositum_ of his friend, and
+  offered to swear at the altar,"
+
+with
+
+      "_Spartano_ cuidam respondit Pythia vates;
+      Haud impunitum quondam fore, quod dubitaret
+      _Depositum_ retinere et fraudem _jure_ tueri
+      _Jurando_."
+
+The Spartan's name was Glaucus. The story is told at large in Herodot.
+vi. 86. See Stocker's note on Juv. _Sat._ xiii. 199. The use of "sibi,"
+in the extract from the _Legenda Aurea_, is new to me. Is it common in
+monkish Latin?
+
+    C. FORBES.
+
+  Temple.
+
+_Anagrams_ (Vol. iv., pp. 226. 297.).--MR. BREEN put another Query
+besides "Where shall we find six good anagrams?" He asked, "How comes it
+that a species of composition once so popular should have become
+extinct?"
+
+Let me venture to refer MR. BREEN to _The Spectator_ for an answer
+to this inquiry; where, in Addison's brilliant papers on "False
+Wit" (Nos. 58. &c.), he will find the whole family of ingenious
+quibblings,--anagrams, acrostics, chronograms, puns, bouts-rimes,
+&c.,--mown down to their just level. And MR. BREEN cannot, I am sure, as
+a man of taste, fail to be delighted, even although he may think the
+following passage (which I quote chiefly as a warning against the rise
+of an anagrammatric epidemic among your correspondents) a little severe
+on his old friends:
+
+  "The acrostic was probably invented about the same time with the
+  anagram, though it is impossible to decide whether the inventor of
+  the one or the other were the greater blockhead."
+
+It is a tempting folly I admit for an idle hour, and I must plead guilty
+to having (in consequence of MR. BREEN'S letter) wasted nearly a whole
+evening in discovering that
+
+      "NOTES AND QUERIES"
+      "Enquires on Dates!"
+
+and also offers the following warning to its contributors--
+
+      "Send quite Reason;"
+
+while as an encouragement it observes (so an ingenious friend informs
+us)--
+
+      "O send in a Request."
+
+    HERMES.
+
+_Battle of Brunanburgh_ (Vol. iv., p. 249.).--The _Egils Saga_ describes
+the duel between the armies of Olaf and Athelstan to have been fought in
+a _champ clos_, inclosed with branches of hazel, upon a space called the
+Vinheidi, or _heidi_ of _Vin_, situate _near_ (vid) or _in_ (�) the
+Vinskogr, or forest of Vin. _Heidi_ is a rough open space, with scrubs
+or bushes, such as furze, juniper, broom, &c. The _heidi_ and the
+_skogr_ were distinct, the latter affording shelter to the fugitives
+from the former, p. 290. The text, both Norse and Latin, says, "Then he
+brought his army to the Vin-heidi. _A certain_ town stood towards the
+north of the heidi." But a various reading in the note says, "to the
+town of Vinheidi, which was to the north of the heidi." But it seems as
+unreasonable for the town to be called Vinheidi, as Vinskogr. _Vin_
+should be taken for the name of the town, and the root of the other
+phrases. The downs or brakes called Vinheidi were inclosed with hazel,
+and lay between the forest, or skogr, and some river. The town, being
+Olaf's head quarters, lay north of them. Athelstan occupied the nearest
+town to the south of the heidi. [Query, whether south of the river?] The
+northern town Vin is no doubt the Weon from which the Weon-dune (downs
+of Weon, or heidi of Vin) was called. The other name given by Simeon
+Dunelmensis to that space is curious, as showing how well the spot was
+adapted for attack and pursuit, "eth-runnan-werc," that is,
+"facilis-ad-opus-currendi." The name Brunanburg, probably signifying
+"the town of bourns," or watercourses, is unequivocally that of a town.
+Since Olaf or Arlaf had his quarters at Vin, it was probably at that
+place where Athelstan was stationed. Find these two places, Vin the
+northern-most of the two, and find the river. The heidi and the skogr
+are probably grubbed and ploughed up.
+
+    A. N.
+
+_Praed's Works_ (Vol. iv., p. 256.).--Some three years ago I saw a
+prospectus announcing that they would be published by Mr. Parker of
+Oxford, under the direction of Mrs. Praed; but I believe nothing has
+been done in the matter since.
+
+    W. J.
+
+_Sir J. Davies_ (Vol. iv., p. 256.).--Messrs. Puttick and Simpson, 191.
+Piccadilly, have, or had recently, an original MS. of this eminent
+lawyer and poet. Perhaps L. GYFFES would learn something of it by
+communication with them, and, if curious, oblige your readers with an
+account of it.
+
+    R.
+
+_Coins of Constantius Gallus_ (Vol. iv., p. 238.).--MR. TAYLOR appears
+to me not altogether correct in his distinctions of these coins. The
+name VAL. certainly generally denotes Constantius Chlorus, but there are
+coins of Constantius II. also with VAL. It is impossible for a practised
+numismatist to confound the coins of these emperors, not only from the
+difference of lettering and workmanship, but from the change in the
+size, thickness, &c. of the coins. I have coins of Constantius II. with
+VAL. bearing the same reverse as others with IVL. (PROVIDENTIAE CAESS)
+in my cabinet. I have also several coins of Constantius II. with
+P.F.AVG., which have A. behind the head. I refer above only to coins of
+bronze, second and third sizes; but I should suppose the rules would
+apply also to the gold coins. I see "NOTES AND QUERIES" only monthly, or
+I should have written sooner, but I hope not to be too late.
+
+    W. H. S.
+
+  Edinburgh.
+
+_Passage in Sedley_ (Vol. iii., p. 476.).--
+
+      "Let fools the name of loyalty divide
+      Wise men and gods are on the strongest side."
+
+I much fear your correspondent HENRY H. BREEN suggests an alteration in
+Sir Charles Sedley's couplet more favourable to the witty baronet's
+principles than facts will admit. It is too probable that he conceived
+the sentiment just as it stands; for we must remember that he belonged
+to that school of loose wits of the Restoration, who, "Regis ad
+exemplar," made a mock of all which tended to place "virtue" above
+"interest," or to make men "too fond of the right to pursue the
+expedient."
+
+Charles II. and his long train of licentious courtiers now stand at the
+bar of history, and the verdict on him must be, that if he had a
+principle in latter life it was this,--that he would never endanger
+himself for any abstract rule of right; or as Sir W. Scott, in
+_Peveril_, accurately says: "he had sworn never to kiss the block on
+which his father suffered," when yielding to the current would save him
+from it; hence, there is too good reason to think that, in his
+estimation, and in the judgment of the school he formed, "loyalty" was
+"folly," and to take the strongest side "wisdom."
+
+The reference in Sedley's couplet to the line--
+
+      "Victrix causa Diis placuit, sed victa Catoni"--
+
+is too obvious to need notice; and it is but too certain that in the
+estimation of a courtier of Charles II., Cato dying for his country
+would be but "a fool for his pains." It is painful to be obliged to
+remind MR. BREEN that, in order to understand Sedley's meaning, we are
+not to look for what would be "most consistent with truth," but for what
+was most probably accordant with the lax morality of the author.
+
+    A. B. R.
+
+  Belmont, Oct. 6. 1851.
+
+_Buxtorf's Translation of Elias Levita's "Tub Taam"_ (Vol. iv., p.
+272.).--This work was printed at Venice in 1538, in 4to. M�nster
+republished it in the next following year, with an epitome of its
+contents in Latin. (G. B. de' Rossi, _Dizionario Storico, &c._, art.
+"Levita.").
+
+    T. T.
+
+  Manchester.
+
+_Stonehenge_ (Vol. iv., p. 57.).--P. P.'s objection to Sir R. C. Hoare's
+derivation of _Stonehenge_ seems hardly justifiable. Surely the
+horizontal stones there may be said to hang, [Greek: mete�roi], or
+[Greek: metarsioi], sublime: as in the case of "Rocq Pendant" of
+Alderney, the term "hanging" is loosely applied. That leans forth from
+the cliff at a considerable angle out of the perpendicular, and is
+"hanging," in another sense of the word, like the Leaning Tower of Pisa,
+and as, in another acceptation, the famous terrace gardens of Babylon
+are called the Hanging Gardens.
+
+    THEOPHYLACT.
+
+_Glass in Windows formerly not a Fixture_ (Vol. iv., p. 99.).--Referring
+to this subject, allow me to add a Note I have from the will of Robert
+Birkes, of Doncaster, alderman, proved at York, July 30, 1590, in
+further illustration. The testator gives to his son Robert all "the
+seeling work and portalls" in and about the house where he dwelt, "with
+all doors, _glass windows_," &c., in full of his child's portion of his
+goods; and then his _house_ he gave to his wife for her life. If by
+"seeling work and portalls" are meant what we now understand by those
+terms, the above extract shows that other essential parts of a house
+besides glass windows were formerly considered as moveable chattels.
+
+    C. J.
+
+_Fortune, infortune, fort une_ (Vol. iv., pp. 57. 142.).--The
+explanation offered by a writer in the _Magasin Pittoresque_ for 1850,
+seems perfectly clear without the proposed transposition of the adverb
+_fort_ into _fait_ of your correspondent D. C.
+
+If the sentence be read according to the French explanation D. C. has
+quoted, viz. by reading _infortune_ as a verb, _fort_ the adverb to it,
+it must be plain that the reading of the sentence must be:
+
+  "Fortune fort infortune une."
+
+  (Fortune very much afflicts one.)
+
+If we turned _fort_ into _fait_, it would entirely spoil the sentence.
+
+Query, But _is_ "infortuner" to be found as a verb in any old
+dictionary? We have the adjective "infortun�," which looks much like a
+participle.
+
+    J. C. W.
+
+  Francis Terrace, Kentish Town.
+
+_Matthew Paris's "Historia Minor"_ (Vol. iv., p. 209.).--MR. SANSOM will
+find the desired MS. in the British Museum, 14 C. vii. (Macray's _Manual
+of Brit. Hist._, p. 26. Lond. 1845.)
+
+    R. G.
+
+In the Cottonian library, Claudius D. vi. 9., will be found "Abbreviatio
+compendiosa Chronicorum Angli�, ab A'o 1000, ad A. 1255. Scripsit quidam
+ad calcem, 'Hic desinit Mat. Paris Historia Minor, qu� est epitome
+Majoris, qu� ad A.D. 1258 continuatur.'"
+
+_The Bibliothec� Regi�_, 14 C. vii., contains "Histori� M. Paris.
+Continuatio ad A.D. 1273, alia manu. De possessione hujus Codicis multa
+fuit altercatio." (See Warton's _History of English Poetry_, vol. i. p.
+lxxxviii. edit. 1840.) There are also MSS. at Corpus Christi College
+(No. 56.) and Ben'et College, Cambridge (No. 31.). Macray states, that
+the _Historia Minor_ was made out of the _Historia Major_ by Paris, both
+from Wendover to 1235, and his own large additions after that period.
+
+    J. Y.
+
+  Hoxton.
+
+_Sanford's "Descensus"_ (Vol. iv., p. 232.).--The work of Hugo
+Sanfordus, _De Descensu Domini nostri Jesu Christi ad inferos_, was
+published as a separate work at Amsterdam in 1611, and its title is
+inserted in the printed catalogue of the Bodleian Library. Can �GROTUS
+give a specific reference to the book, page, and edition of Gale's
+_Court of the Gentiles_ in which it is spoken of, and also his authority
+for the statement that it was published in the works of a bishop who
+survived him?
+
+    TYRO.
+
+_Death of Pitt_ (Vol. iv., p. 232.).--MR. NATHANIEL ELLISON will find in
+the _Memoirs of Lady Hester Stanhope_, vol. iii. p. 141., a passage
+which pretty nearly confirms the account of _the desertion of Pitt's
+death-bed_. She said that James, a servant, was the only person present
+with Pitt when he died, and that she herself was the last person who saw
+him alive except James. She also stated that Dr. Pretyman, who seems to
+have been in the house, was fast asleep at the time; and that Sir Walter
+Farquhar, the physician, was absent. The account of Pitt's last moments
+in Gifford's life of him, where a prayer for forgiveness, &c. is put
+into his mouth, she pronounced to be _all a lie_.
+
+    J. S. W.
+
+  Stockwell.
+
+_History of Hawick_ (Vol iv., p. 233.).--In reply to the Query of your
+correspondent H. L., I have to inform him that there have been published
+two histories of Hawick, viz.,--
+
+1. Robert Wilson's _Sketch of the History of Hawick_, a small 8vo.
+printed in 1825. It contains a notice of the altercations between the
+Abbot of Melrose and Langlands the Baron of Wilton, relative to the
+arrear of tithes due to the abbacy of Melrose. A copy of this work can
+be procured for about 5_s._
+
+2. James Wilson's _Annals of Hawick, 1214-1814_, a small 8vo. printed in
+1850. This work, under date 1494-5, has a notice of the murder of the
+chaplain by Langlands. This book can be had for 6_s._ 6_d._
+
+A notice of the trial of Langlands for the murder will also be found in
+Pitcairn's _Criminal Trials_, vol. i. p. 20.
+
+    T. G. S.
+
+  Edinburgh, Oct. 6. 1851.
+
+"_Prophecies of Nostradamus_" (Vol. iv., pp. 86. 140. 258.).--J. R. says
+that "the first edition of the _Prophecies of Nostradamus_ is not only
+in the National Library, but in several others, both in Paris and
+elsewhere." Does J. R. speak from personal observation or at
+second-hand? When I was in Paris I spent some hours in searching the
+catalogue and shelves of both the National Library and that of St.
+Genevi�ve, but I could find no edition of Nostradamus dated 1555 in
+either. To convince myself that my search had been accurate, I turned to
+_Nostradamus_, par Eug�ne Bareste, Paris, 1840, and there found it
+distinctly asserted that there is no copy of the first edition of the
+book (viz. that of 1555) _in any public library_ in Paris, and that the
+copy used in compiling that edition of 1840 was borrowed from a private
+collection. I cannot give the exact words of M. Bareste, as I only made
+a "Note" of their purport; but if J. R. will say upon what authority his
+statement as to this rare little book is based, I will certainly some
+day renew my search for it at the National Library.
+
+    H. C. DE ST. CROIX.
+
+_Bourchier Family_ (Vol. iv., p. 233.).--Monuments, with inscriptions,
+to William Bourchier, Earl of Bath, 1623; Henry Bourchier, Earl of Bath;
+many of the family of Bourchier-Wrey, and others allied to them, are in
+the church of Tavistock, in the county of Devon; and the whole of them
+have been carefully transcribed with notes of the heraldry.
+
+    S. S. S.
+
+_William III. at Exeter_ (Vol. iv., p. 233.).--Jenkins, the historian of
+Exeter, in relating the prince's public entry into that city, states
+that he was preceded by the Earl of Macclesfield and two hundred
+horsemen, _most of whom_ were English nobles and gentlemen. There is in
+the Bodleian Library a fo. broadsheet entitled, _A True and Exact
+Relation of the Prince of Orange, his Publick Entrance into Exeter_,
+which, if I remember right, was reprinted in Somers' _Tracts_, but I do
+not think any names of those gentlemen are therein mentioned.
+
+    S. S. S.
+
+_Passage in George Herbert_ (Vol. iv., p. 231.).--Does not Herbert imply
+in these lines--
+
+      "Take one from ten, and what remains?
+      Ten still, if sermons go for gains."
+
+that the payer of _tithes_ receives an equivalent in the ministrations
+of the priest?
+
+    S. C. C.
+
+  Corfe Castle.
+
+This passage alludes doubtless to the tithe of the parson, and maintains
+that the tithe-payer is no loser if the sermons for which tithe is paid
+produce their effects. In fact, it is a paraphrase of _Proverbs_, iii.
+9, 10.:
+
+  "Honour the Lord with all thy substance, and with the first
+  fruits of all thine increase: so shall thy barns be filled with
+  plenty, and thy presses shall burst out with new wine."
+
+    J. A. PICTON.
+
+  Liverpool.
+
+_Suicides buried in Cross Roads_ (Vol. iv., pp. 116. 212.).--This was
+formerly the general practice in the South of England, and it has
+occasionally been resorted to within the last thirty years. At
+Chalvington, in Sussex, there once resided, according to a popular
+tradition, the _only honest miller ever known_. About a century since,
+this person, finding it impossible to succeed in business, hanged
+himself in his own mill, and was buried in a neighbouring "crossways."
+An oaken stake, driven through his body, taking root, grew into a tree,
+and threw a singular shrivelled branch, the only one it ever produced,
+across the road. It was the most singular tree I ever saw, and had
+something extremely hag-like and ghostly in its look. The spot was of
+course haunted, and many a rustic received a severe shock to his
+feelings on passing it after nightfall. The tradition was of course
+received by the intelligent as a piece of superstitious _folk-lore_, and
+the story of the "only honest miller" was regarded as a mere _myth_,
+until about twenty-five years ago, when a labourer employed in digging
+sand near the roots of the scraggy oak tree, discovered a human
+skeleton. This part of the history I can vouch for, having seen, when a
+schoolboy, some of the bones. I must not omit to mention that the honest
+miller of Chalvington owned the remarkable peculiarity of a "tot" or
+tuft of hair growing in the palm of each hand!
+
+    MARK ANTONY LOWER.
+
+_Armorial Bearings_ (Vol. iv., p. 58.).--The coat of arms described by
+F. I. B. is given by Robson and by Burke to the family of Kelley of
+Terrington, co. Devon, and the crests are similar, but I can find no
+authority for the coat in any work relating to that county. The ancient
+family, Kelly of Kelly, in Devon, bore a very different coat and crest.
+There is no such place as Terrington in that county, unless Torrington
+be meant, but no family of note bearing the name of Kelley had
+possessions there. I conclude, therefore, that there must be a mistake
+as to the county.
+
+    S. S. S.
+
+"_Life of Cromwell_" (Vol. iv., p. 117.).--No life of Cromwell was ever
+written by "_one Kember_;" there is a _Life of Oliver Cromwell, Lord
+Protector of the Commonwealth of England, Scotland, and Ireland_, the
+second edition (London, 1725) of which, greatly enlarged from the first,
+is now before me, and which has the autograph of Malone, who has on the
+fly-leaf asserted it to have been "written by Isaac Kimber, a Dissenting
+minister, who was born at Vantage in Berkshire, Dec. 1, 1692. His son,
+Edward Kimber, refers to it as the work of his father, in a history of
+England in ten volumes, which he published."
+
+Kimber's life is a much better one than Carlyle's; but the best
+biography of that most extraordinary man is by Thomas Cromwell,
+published some twenty or thirty years since, and of which there was a
+second edition.
+
+    J. MT.
+
+_Harris, Painter in Water Colours_ (Vol. iii., p. 329.).--In answer to
+the inquiry of T. C. W., relative to a Bible (Reeves, 1802) in the
+possession of his friend, I beg leave to state that the said Bible was
+illustrated with original drawings by my father, J. Harris of Walworth,
+who died seventeen years since, and that I am his only son surviving him
+in his profession. Any further communication relative to him I shall be
+most happy to give on a personal interview.
+
+    J. HARRIS.
+
+  40. Sidmouth Street. Regent Square, Sept. 27. 1851.
+
+"_Son of the Morning_" (Vol. iv., p. 209.).--AN OLD BENGAL CIVILIAN is
+informed that, no matter whom Byron may have intended to designate by
+the above glorious appellation, there is but ONE to whom it properly
+belongs. If your correspondent will consult the 110th Psalm, he will
+find David representing God the Father as thus addressing God the Son,
+the Lord Jesus Christ: "The dew of Thy birth is of the _womb of the
+morning_."
+
+    G. L. S.
+
+  Pemb. Coll. Oxon., Sept. 20. 1851.
+
+This seems to be an invocation to the personification of Light, Lucifer,
+or [Greek: ph�sphoros], the "son of the morning," by which intellectual
+light is indicated, through whose assistance we are enabled to discover
+the true faith.
+
+The poet enters a caveat that the latter do not act the part of an
+Iconoclast, as has too often been her wont. At least this appears to me
+to be the interpretation.
+
+    E. I. U. S. Club.
+
+_Grimsdyke or Grimesditch_ (Vol. iv., p. 192.).--Your Querist NAUTICUS
+describes the vallum or ditch called "Grimsdyke, or Grimesditch, or the
+Devil's Ditch," running from Great Berkhampstead, Hants, to Bradenham,
+Bucks, and then puts two Queries.
+
+NAUTICUS assumes that this ditch had, at some distant day, been an
+artificial earthwork; but at the same time he points out that, "from its
+total want of flank defence, it could hardly hold an enemy in check for
+long; and that it does not seem to have been a military way." He asks,
+"Are there other earthworks of the same name (Grimsdyke) in England?" I
+find no trace of any other _earthworks_ of that name in England; and it
+may be very questionable whether this ditch be of ancient earthwork, or
+of its original natural formation.
+
+But there is, in _Cheshire_, a brook or rivulet in its pristine state,
+called _Grimsditch_. This brook or rivulet is one of the contributory
+streams of Cheshire to the great rivers, the Mersey and the Weaver; and
+is described by the author of _King's Vale Royal of England, or the
+County Palatine of Chester illustrated_, published in 1656, as follows:
+
+  "The Grimsditch cometh from the Hall of Grimsditch, by Preston,
+  Daresbury, Keckwith, and so falleth into the Marsey."
+
+Here then we have the name of a place which gives the name of
+_Grimsditch_ to the brook or rivulet; and it is, moreover, shown by the
+County History that the place (the hamlet or lands of Grimsditch) has
+been in the possession of a family of the name of Grimsditch from the
+time of Henry III.
+
+From the words of the original grant this hamlet, by which Thomas
+Tuschet, in 10 Hen. III. 1226, grants to Hugo de Grimsditch "totam
+terram de Grimsdich pertinentem ad villam de Witeleigh" (Ormerod's
+_Chesh._ i. 488.), it may be inferred that the place went by the name of
+Grimsditch prior to the Norman Conquest. There can therefore be but
+little doubt that the name is of Anglo-Saxon origin.
+
+The present possessor of the property is Thomas Grimsditch, Esq., late
+M.P. for the borough of Macclesfield.
+
+The second Query of NAUTICUS applies to the _etymology_ of the word
+Grimsditch.
+
+This is a very difficult question to solve. Take the first syllable:
+_Grim_, _grime_, dirt, sullying blackness.
+
+  "She sweats; a man may go over shoes in the _grime_ of
+  it."--Shakspeare.
+
+Then the word _ditch_: this is derived from dic (Saxon), d�k (Erse); but
+whatever may be the true etymology of the word, it can scarcely be
+doubted that it is of Anglo-Saxon origin.
+
+I may however add that there is a tradition in the Grimsditch family of
+Cheshire, said to have been handed down for many ages, as to the origin
+of the name, to the following effect:
+
+That in remote ages their first parents were warriors; that one of these
+warriors was attacked by a griffin; that a fierce contest ensued; and
+that the man was the conqueror of that fabulous bird or beast, the
+battle-ground being a _dyke_ or _ditch_.
+
+Hence, says the tradition, emanated the family coat of arms, which are
+certainly very singular, viz. Azure, a griffin or, about to tear, and
+ramping upon, a warrior, completely armed in plate armour, in bend
+dexter, across the lower part of the shield. Crest, a _Talbot_.
+
+    WILLIAM BEAUMONT.
+
+In reply to your correspondent NAUTICUS, who inquires whether there are
+any ancient entrenchments in England known by the name of _Grimsdyke_,
+besides the one he mentions in Hants, I beg to remind him that the Roman
+wall (or ditch and rampart) executed between the Firths of Forth and
+Clyde during the reign of the Emperor Antoninus Pius, is popularly
+called by the above name. To account for the name, it has been said that
+it originated in the circumstance of a chieftain of the name of _Graham_
+having been the first to force his way through it; but those who gave
+such a derivation of the word could scarcely have been aware that it
+bears this name in common with at least two others, viz., that mentioned
+by NAUTICUS as existing at Great Berkhampstead, Hants; and the other
+pointed out by W. S. G. as near Salisbury.
+
+    L. D. L.
+
+_Cagots_ (Vol. iv., p. 190.).--In reply to the inquiry of RUSTICUS, I
+rather imagine the _Cagots_ are the remains of the Paulician "Churches"
+of Thoulouse Albi and _Cahors_ (_Charhagensis_) of Maitland's _Albigenes
+and Waldenses_, p. 428.; and that the Cretins are no other than
+_credentes_ (cf. Maitland passim), probably remnants of the same body of
+heretics.
+
+    AJAX.
+
+Is there any resemblance between them and Cretins? Are there any
+families or races of Cretins ever heard of?
+
+    C. B.
+
+_The Serpent represented with a human Head_ (Vol. iv., p. 191.).--I send
+you two instances of the serpent being represented with a human head;
+the first occurs in the Arundel MS. No. 23., in this College, containing
+the genealogical descent of King Edward IV., and apparently coeval with
+that sovereign. The other is a beautifully executed sketch of Adam and
+Eve in a MS., also in this College, of the time of Henry VII., at the
+commencement of _The Genealogy of the Saxon Kings from Adam_. They are
+both female heads, the latter, however, being the entire bust.
+
+    THOMAS W. KING (York Herald).
+
+  College of Arms.
+
+In the stained glass of the east window in the Lady Chapel, Wells
+Cathedral (temp. Edw. III.), the serpent, which is entwined round a
+tree, and holds an apple, has not only the head but the upper half of a
+human figure. On a scroll is written in uncial letters, "Si comederitis
+de ligno vit� eritis sicut Dii scientis bonis et malis;" and in a
+straight line below the subject, "Arbor cum Serpente."
+
+    T. WT.
+
+_Fire Unknown_ (Vol. iv., pp. 209. 283.).--At the time when Leibnitz
+wrote, curious references to accounts of savages were not infrequent.
+All your readers will remember Locke's reference to some account of
+savages who had neither idea of God nor of being superior to man. It may
+be that narratives of tribes who did not use fire, who lived on dried
+flesh or fish, for instance, may have given rise to an idea of their not
+knowing fire. I think I remember to have seen it stated that some of the
+savages of Australia did not know fire. On this, five-and-twenty years
+ago, I made a note from Mr. Barron Field's _Collection of Geographical
+Memoirs of New South Wales_. Two wrecked Englishmen passed some time
+among the natives, and found they had no knowledge that water could be
+heated; but the very story seems to show that they knew of fire. On
+boiling some in a tin pot,
+
+  "The whole tribe gathered round them, and watched the pot till it
+  began to boil, when they all took to their heels, shouting and
+  screaming, nor could they be persuaded to return till they saw
+  them pour the water out and clean the pot, when they slowly
+  ventured back and carefully covered the place where the water was
+  spilt with sand."
+
+These two Englishmen were treated with great attention by the natives,
+they were painted twice a day, and it was quite their own faults that
+they did not have their noses bored and their bodies scarified.
+
+    M.
+
+_Plant in Texas_ (Vol. iv., p. 208.).--The following is an extract from
+a periodical of 1848 or 1849:
+
+  "According to the _Medical Times_, Major Alvord has discovered on
+  the American prairies a plant possessing the property of pointing
+  north and south, and has given it the name of _Sylphium
+  laciniatum_."
+
+    G. P***.
+
+_Copying Inscriptions_ (Vol. iv., p. 266.).--M. Lottin de Laval, "by a
+new process," has produced the most accurate copies of cuneatic
+inscriptions that have yet been published. It is said that he has copied
+by his process (which must, I think, be some kind of heliography) 1200
+inscriptions from the Sinaitic peninsula, the publication of which may
+be speedily expected, so that MR. BUCKTON'S wishes on this point are
+anticipated. These inscriptions have been already deciphered.
+
+    E. H. D. D.
+
+_Chantrey's Statue of Mrs. Jordan_ (Vol. iv., p. 58.).--MR. CORNISH will
+find this statue at Mapledurham in Oxon, the living of the lady's son.
+It remains there, it is stated, until an appropriate site can be
+obtained.
+
+    W. A.
+
+_Portraits of Burke_ (Vol. iv., p. 271.).--I doubt that Sir Joshua
+Reynolds ever painted a miniature, and I should say certainly not after
+Mr. Burke "had passed the meridian of life." His sister, Miss Reynolds,
+was a professed _miniature painter_, and I have little doubt must have
+painted Mr. Burke, as she certainly did Johnson; but the description
+given of this miniature is very unlike Mr. Burke. The name of the
+possessor might, in some degree, enable us to ascertain whether the
+portraits mentioned are really of the great statesman.
+
+    C.
+
+_Martial's Distribution of Hours_ (Vol. iv., p. 273.).--Martial's
+distribution of hours and employments seems to me to be as
+follows:--From 6 till 8 the visits of the "salutantes" are received;
+from 8 till 9 the law tribunals are attended; from 9 till 11 the "varii
+labores" occupy; from 11 till 12 the "quies." The expression "in
+quintam" must bring us to the end of the 5th hour; and the "sexta hora"
+must be that which concludes at 12.
+
+Your inquirer A. E. B. might have further asked what is the difference
+between the "quies" of the "sexta," and the "finis" of the "septima." To
+understand this is to understand the difficulty which he propounds. I
+apprehend the "quies" not to mean the "siesta," but that gradual and
+perhaps irregular cessation or suspension of employments which precedes
+the close of business for the day. The "siesta" is the "finis" of
+Martial, which would thus fall between 12 and 1; that time of the day at
+which A. E. B. fixes it rightly. I think he errs in identifying the
+"siesta" with the "sexta hora."
+
+To question 214 I may be allowed to reply, that the effect of moonlight
+upon the face of those who sleep exposed to it in hot climates is very
+severe indeed, producing an appearance not very unlike that of a swollen
+and putrescent corpse. The Psalmist refers to it Ps. cxxi. 6.; and all
+who have lived in the East Indies are well acquainted with the
+phenomenon.
+
+    THEOPHYLACT.
+
+
+
+
+Miscellaneous.
+
+
+NOTES ON BOOKS, SALES, CATALOGUES, ETC.
+
+The _Antiquarian Gleanings in the North of England, being Examples of
+Antique Furniture, Plate, Church Decorations, Objects of Historical
+Interest, &c., drawn and etched by William B. Scott, Government School
+of Design, Newcastle_, which has just been completed, is a valuable
+addition to the numerous works which have been published of late years
+illustrative of arch�ology in its most picturesque aspect. It will be
+seen from the title that Mr. Scott has not confined himself to any one
+class of objects; in some cases historical associations having
+determined his choice; in others, the rarity of examples of the object
+illustrated; in others, their intrinsic beauty. The Chair of the
+Venerable Bede, and the Swords of Cromwell, Fairfax, and Lambert, belong
+to the first of these divisions; as the Nautilus Cup set in gold, and
+the Ivory Cup, both the property of Mr. Howard of Corby, belong to the
+last: and so much taste and skill has Mr. Scott shown in the whole of
+the thirty-eight plates, as quite to justify the hope expressed by him,
+that in all of them the connoisseur and the artist will find something
+worthy attention.
+
+We have before us two books to which we desire to direct the attention
+of our readers. The first is _A Manual of Ecclesiastical History, from
+the First to the Twelfth Century_, by the Rev. E. S. Foulkes, M.A., the
+main plan of which has been borrowed from Spanheim, and the materials
+principally compiled from that writer, Spondanus, Mosheim and Fleury,
+Gieseler, D�llinger, and others, respecting whom, however, Mr. Foulkes
+states, "I believe I have never once trusted to them on a point
+involving controversy without examining their authorities." "Let
+nobody," he elsewhere observes, "think that he can fairly know Church
+History from reading a single modern historian, whether Protestant or
+Roman Catholic; the only way of getting a correct view, unless a person
+should have time to consult the originals, is to read two opposite
+writers, side by side, and balance one set of facts against the other.
+Yet even so it is hopeless to get a true appreciation of past times
+except through cotemporary writings; I have therefore appended to the
+catalogue of modern historians a few of the principal cotemporary works,
+disciplinary, doctrinal, and historical, from age to age down to the end
+of the twelfth century, which would be a far more trustworthy clue to
+the real sentiments of the times than could be gained from a more modern
+source, and could not, I think, fail to be a corrective to narrow
+misapprehensions, and a great help to the student whose wish it is to be
+fair and candid." These extracts from Mr. Foulke's preface (which
+contains brief notices of the principal modern writers on the subject)
+sufficiently explain the nature of his very useful and carefully
+compiled volume.
+
+The other, Calmet's _Dictionary of the Bible, Abridged, Modernized, and
+Re-edited, according to the most recent Biblical Researches_, by T. A.
+Buckley, B.A., is addressed to a wider class of readers, and in its
+preparation general utility has been the main object; while in the
+remodelling which this popular and useful work of Calmet has here
+undergone, care has been taken to purify it from the Rationalism with
+which all the later editions have been charged, and to supply its place
+by such copious additions and alterations from the most recent biblical
+researches, so as to make the present edition rather a new book than a
+reprint of an old one; and deserving of that extensive circulation which
+its extremely moderate price is calculated to procure for it.
+
+_The Principles of Chemistry illustrated by Simple Experiments_, by Dr.
+J. A. St�ckhardt, Professor in the Royal Academy of Agriculture at
+Tharaud, having been extensively adopted as an introductory work in the
+Schools of Germany, in consequence of its convenient classification and
+its clear and concise elucidation of principles, and explanation of
+chemical phenomena, it was translated into English at the recommendation
+of Professor Horsford; and a reprint of it from the American edition
+forms the new volume of Bohn's _Standard Library_. It is illustrated
+with numerous engravings, and as the necessary apparatus for performing
+most of the experiments in it is extremely small, the book will no doubt
+soon become a popular one.
+
+The Chetham Library, Manchester, will shortly receive a valuable
+addition to its literary treasures by Mr. Halliwell's donation of his
+extensive collection of Proclamations, Ballads, and Broadsides, which,
+we are informed, extends to upwards of 2500 articles, including many of
+great rarity, and a few probably unique. Amongst the latter are two
+curious black-letter ballads, printed in the year 1570, unnoticed by all
+bibliographers, and not to be found in the useful and interesting
+_Extracts from the Registers of the Stationers' Company_, recently
+published by Mr. Collier; but the greater portion of the collection
+belongs to the latter half of the seventeenth, and commencement of the
+eighteenth century, most of the ballads being reprints of much older
+copies.
+
+We are requested to remind such of our readers as are members of the
+Arch�ological Institute that the Salisbury volume will be ready next
+week.
+
+CATALOGUES RECEIVED.--J. Petheram's (94. High Holborn) Catalogue 127.,
+being 8. for 1851, of Old and New Books; J. Gray Bell's (17. Bedford
+Street, Covent Garden) Catalogue Part 27. of Valuable and Interesting
+Books, Manuscripts, Prints, Drawings, &c.; W. Pedder's (10. Holywell
+Street) Catalogue Part 7. for 1851 of Ancient and Modern Books; B.
+Quaritch's (16. Castle Street, Leicester Square) Catalogue No. 35. of
+Books in European Languages, Dialects, Classics, &c.
+
+
+BOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES
+
+WANTED TO PURCHASE.
+
+POPE'S LITERARY CORRESPONDENCE. Vol. III. Curll. 1735.
+
+ALMANACS, any for the year 1752.
+
+MATTHIAS' OBSERVATIONS ON GRAY. 8vo. 1815.
+
+SHAKSPEARE, JOHNSON, AND STEVENS, WITH REED'S ADDITIONS. 3rd Edition,
+1785. Vol. V.
+
+SWIFT'S WORKS, Faulkner's Edition. 8 Vols. 12mo. Dublin, 1747. Vol. III.
+
+SOUTHEY'S PENINSULAR WAR. Vols. V. VI. 8vo.
+
+JOURNAL OF THE GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF DUBLIN. Vol. I. Part I. (One or
+more copies.)
+
+THE ANTIQUARY. 8vo. Edinburgh, 1816. Vols. I. and II.
+
+HISTORY AND ANTIQUITIES OF TWICKENHAM, being the First Part of Parochial
+Collections for the County of Middlesex, begun in 1780 by E. Ironside,
+Esq., London, 1797. (This work forms 1 vol. of Miscell. Antiquities in
+continuation of the Bib. Topographica, and is usually bound in the 10th
+Volume.)
+
+RITSON'S ROBIN HOOD. 12mo. London, 1795. Vol. II. (10_s._ will be given
+for a clean copy in _boards_, or 7_s._ 6_d._ for a clean copy _bound_.)
+
+DR. JOHNSON'S PRAYERS AND MEDITATIONS.
+
+ANNUAL OBITUARY AND BIOGRAPHY. Vol. XXXI.
+
+THEOPHILUS AND PHILODOXUS, or Several Conferences, &c., by Gilbert
+Giles, D.D., Oxon, 1674; or the same work republished 1679, under the
+title of a "Dialogue between a Protestant and a Papist."
+
+PECK'S COMPLETE CATALOGUE OF ALL THE DISCOURSES WRITTEN BOTH FOR AND
+AGAINST PAPACY IN THE TIME OF KING JAMES II. 1735. 4to.
+
+  [Star symbol] Letters, stating particulars and lowest price,
+  _carriage free_, to be sent to MR. BELL, Publisher of "NOTES AND
+  QUERIES," 186. Fleet Street.
+
+
+Notices to Correspondents.
+
+A. B. R. _will find the passage he refers to_--
+
+              "Spirits are not finely touch'd,
+      But to fine issues ----"
+
+_in the opening scene of_ "Measure for Measure."
+
+NOVUS. "The Three Treatises by Wickliffe," _edited by Dr. Todd, have not
+actually been published as yet. Copies will, however, soon be on sale at
+Messrs. Hamilton and Adams', Paternoster Row._
+
+E. A. D.'s _communication did not reach us in time to enable us to do as
+he wished._
+
+THEOPHYLACT _will find the most important point in his letter treated in
+our next Number. Would he in future oblige us by separating his various
+communications?_
+
+[Hebrew: A. T.] _is thanked for his very kind letter, which we have
+availed ourselves of his permission to forward._
+
+DAN. STONE, ESQUIRE'S "Anagrams" _reached us at too late a period for
+insertion in the present Number._
+
+REPLIES RECEIVED.--_Ash Sap--Anagrams--Marriage of
+Ecclesiastics--Horology--Bourchier Family--Pauper's Badge--Carling
+Sunday--Three Estates of the Realm--Posie of other Men's Flowers--Sacro
+sancta Regum Majestas--The Soul's Errand--Middleton's Epigrams--Man is
+born to Trouble--Cockney--Flemings in Pembrokeshire--Image of both
+Churches, &c.--Crowns have their Compass--Aneroid Barometer--Eyre
+Family--Baxtorf's Translation of Levita--Wylecop--Equestrian Figure of
+Elizabeth--Nao for Ship--Medical Use of Pigeons, and others which are in
+type._
+
+_Copies of our Prospectus, according to the suggestion of_ T. E. H.,
+_will be forwarded to any correspondent willing to assist us by
+circulating them._
+
+VOLS. I., II., _and_ III., _with very copious Indices, may still be had,
+prices 9s. 6d. each, neatly bound in cloth._
+
+NOTES AND QUERIES _is published at noon on Friday, so that our country
+Subscribers may receive it on Saturday. The subscription for the Stamped
+Edition is 10s. 2d. for Six Months, which may be paid by Post-office
+Order drawn in favour of our Publisher,_ MR. GEORGE BELL. 186. Fleet
+Street; _to whose care all communications for the Editor should be
+addressed._
+
+
+
+
+LONDON LIBRARY, 12. St. James's Square.--Patron--His Royal Highness
+Prince ALBERT.
+
+  This Institution now offers to its members a collection of 60,000
+  volumes, to which additions are constantly making, both in English
+  and foreign literature. A reading room is also open for the use of
+  the members, supplied with the best English and foreign
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+
+  Terms of admission--entrance fee, 6_l._; annual subscription,
+  2_l._; or entrance fee and life subscription, 26_l._
+
+  By order of the Committee.
+
+      September, 1851.
+
+  J. G. COCHRANE, Secretary and Librarian.
+
+
+LONDON SACRED MUSIC WAREHOUSE, Chief Establishment, 69. Dean Street,
+Soho Square; City Depot, 24. Poultry.
+
+  Office of the "MUSICAL TIMES," published on the 1st of every
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+
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+
+  [Star symbol] It is requested that Post-office Orders be made
+  payable to JOSEPH ALFRED NOVELLO, at the Charing Cross Office.
+
+
+ALMANACKS FOR 1852.
+
+  WHITAKER'S CLERGYMAN'S DIARY, for 1852, will contain a Diary, with
+  Table of Lessons, Collects, &c., and full directions for Public
+  Worship for every day in the year, with blank spaces for
+  Memoranda: A List of all the Bishops and other Dignitaries of the
+  Church, arranged under the order of their respective Dioceses;
+  Bishops of the Scottish and American Churches; and particulars
+  respecting the Roman Catholic and Greek Churches; together with
+  Statistics of the various Religious Sects in England; Particulars
+  of the Societies connected with the Church; of the Universities,
+  &c. Members of both Houses of Convocation, of both Houses of
+  Parliament, the Government, Courts of Law, &c. With Instructions
+  to Candidates for Holy Orders; and a variety of information useful
+  to all Clergymen, price in cloth 3_s._, or 5_s._ as a pocket-book
+  with tuck.
+
+  THE FAMILY ALMANACK AND EDUCATIONAL REGISTER for 1852 will
+  contain, in addition to the more than usual contents of an
+  Almanack for Family Use, a list of the Universities of the United
+  Kingdom, with the Heads of Houses, Professors, &c. A list of the
+  various Colleges connected with the Church of England, Roman
+  Catholics, and various Dissenting bodies. Together with a complete
+  List of all the Foundation and Grammar Schools, with an Account of
+  the Scholarships and Exhibitions attached to them; to which is
+  added an Appendix, containing an Account of the Committee of
+  Council on Education, and of the various Training Institutions for
+  Teachers; compiled from original sources.
+
+  WHITAKER'S PENNY ALMANACK FOR CHURCHMEN. Containing thirty-six
+  pages of Useful Information, including a Table of the Lessons;
+  Lists of both Houses of Parliament, &c. &c., stitched in a neat
+  wrapper.
+
+  JOHN HENRY PARKER, Oxford and London.
+
+
+Now ready, Price 25_s._, Second Edition, revised and corrected.
+Dedicated by Special Permission to
+
+  THE (LATE) ARCHBISHOP OF CANTERBURY.
+
+  PSALMS AND HYMNS FOR THE SERVICE OF THE CHURCH. The words selected
+  by the Very Rev. H. H. MILMAN, D.D., Dean of St. Paul's. The Music
+  arranged for Four Voices, but applicable also to Two or One,
+  including Chants for the Services, Responses to the commandments,
+  and a Concise SYSTEM OF CHANTING, by J. B. SALE, Musical
+  Instructor and Organist to Her Majesty. 4to., neat, in morocco
+  cloth, price 25_s._ To be had of Mr. J. B. SALE, 21. Holywell
+  Street, Millbank, Westminster, on the receipt of a Post Office
+  Order for that amount: and by order, of the principal Booksellers
+  and Music Warehouses.
+
+  "A great advance on the works we have hitherto had, connected with
+  our Church and Cathedral Service."--_Times._
+
+  "A collection of Psalm Tunes certainly unequalled in this
+  country."--_Literary Gazette._
+
+  "One of the best collections of tunes which we have yet seen. Well
+  merits the distinguished patronage under which it
+  appears."--_Musical World._
+
+  "A collection of Psalms and Hymns, together with a system of
+  Chanting of a very superior character to any which has hitherto
+  appeared."--_John Bull._
+
+  London: GEORGE BELL, 186. Fleet Street.
+
+  Also, lately published,
+
+  J. B. SALE'S SANCTUS, COMMANDMENTS and CHANTS as performed at the
+  Chapel Royal St. James, price 2_s._
+
+  C. LONSDALE, 26. Old Bond Street.
+
+
+Now ready, royal 4to., half bound, 38 Plates, 1_l._ 11_s._ 6_d._,
+Coloured 2_l._ 2_s._,
+
+  ANTIQUARIAN GLEANINGS IN THE NORTH OF ENGLAND; being examples of
+  Antique Furniture Plate, Church Decorations, Objects of Historical
+  Interest, &c. Drawn and Etched by WILLIAM B. SCOTT, Government
+  School of Design, Newcastle, containing--Antiquities in Jarrow
+  Church--Swords of Cromwell, Lambert, Fairfax, &c.--Norman Wall
+  paintings--Antiquities in York Minster--Rosary of Mary Queen of
+  Scots--Antiquities at Hexham--Stained Glass, &c. in Wetheral
+  Church--Figures of the Apostles in Carlisle Cathedral--Drinking
+  Vessels, Carvings, &c.
+
+  "A collection of Antiquarian Relics, chiefly in the decorative
+  branch of art, preserved in the Northern Counties, portrayed by a
+  very competent hand. Many of the objects possess considerable
+  interest; such as the chair of the Venerable Bede, Cromwell's
+  sword and watch, and the grace-cup of Thomas � Becket. All are
+  drawn with that distinctness which makes them available for the
+  antiquarian, for the artist who is studying costume, and for the
+  study of decorative art."--_Spectator._
+
+  Parts 3 and 4 may be had to complete Sets; price together, 10_s._
+  Plain, 15_s._ Coloured.
+
+  London: GEORGE BELL, 186. Fleet Street.
+
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+
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+
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+
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+
+      (*) Annual Premiums for 100_l._, with Whole Profits.
+
+      --------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------
+       Age 20 |   25  |   30  |   35  |   40  |   45  |   50  |  55
+      --------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------
+      �1 15  8|1 18  0|2  1  6|2  6 10|2 14  9|3  4  9|4  1  7|5  1 11
+      --------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------
+
+      (*) Annual Premiums for 100_l._, with Whole Profits, payable
+          for 21 years only.
+
+      --------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------
+       Age 20 |   25  |   30  |   35  |   40  |   45  |   50
+      --------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------
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+      --------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------
+
+      All policies indisputable unless obtained by fraud.
+
+  Forms of proposal, prospectus containing full tables, copies of
+  the Twelfth Annual Report, and every information, will be
+  forwarded (gratis) on application at the London Office, 12.
+  Moorgate Street.
+
+  GEORGE GRANT, Agent for London.
+
+
+Vols. I. and II. now ready.
+
+  Elegantly bound in ultramarine cloth, gilt edges, price 6_s._
+  each.
+
+  GIRLHOOD OF SHAKSPEARE'S HEROINES.
+
+  A Series of Fifteen Tales. By MARY COWDEN CLARKE. Periodically, in
+  One Shilling Books, each containing a complete Story.
+
+  Vol. I. Price 6_s._
+
+      Tale I. PORTIA: THE HEIRESS OF BELMONT.
+      Tale II. THE THANE'S DAUGHTER.
+      Tale III. HELENA: THE PHYSICIAN'S ORPHAN.
+      Tale IV. DESDEMONA: THE MAGNIFICO'S CHILD.
+      Tale V. MEG AND ALICE: THE MERRY MAIDS OF WINDSOR.
+
+  Vol. II. Price 6_s._
+
+      Tale VI. ISABELLA: THE VOTARESS.
+      Tale VII. KATHARINA AND BIANCA: THE SHREW, AND THE DEMURE.
+      Tale VIII. OPHELIA: THE ROSE OF ELSINORE.
+      Tale IX. ROSALIND AND CELIA: THE FRIENDS.
+      Tale X. JULIET: THE WHITE DOVE OF VERONA.
+
+  Vol. III. (In progress.)
+
+      Tale XI. BEATRICE AND HERO: THE COUSINS.
+      Tale XII. OLIVIA: THE LADY OF ILLYRIA.
+
+  SMITH & CO., 136. Strand; and SIMPKIN & CO., Stationers' Hall Court.
+
+
+NEW PUBLICATIONS.
+
+  Just published, post 8vo. cloth, 10_s._ 6_d._
+
+  THE LIFE OF JOHN STERLING. By THOMAS CARLYLE.
+
+  "Will be likely to find an eager and a gratified
+  audience."--_Athen�um._
+
+  In a few days, in 1 vol. fcap. cloth,
+
+  OUTLINES OF THE HISTORY OF THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE. With Illustrative
+  Specimens. For the Use of Colleges and Schools. By GEORGE L.
+  CRAIK, Professor of History and of English Literature in Queen's
+  College, Belfast.
+
+  London: CHAPMAN & HALL, 193. Piccadilly.
+
+
+ANGLO-SAXON BOOKS CHEAP.--Bosworth's Dictionary, first edition, with the
+Preface, 1838, royal 8vo. cloth, 38_s._--The same, 2nd edition, 8vo.
+1849, cloth, 10_s._--Ettm�lleri Lexicon Anglo-Saxonicum, 8vo. 840 pp.
+ed. 1851, 12_s._ 6_d._--Thorpe, Analecta Anglo-Saxonica, a Selection in
+Prose and Verse, with a Glossary, 8vo. 2nd edition. 1846, cloth,
+7_s._--Richthofen's Alt-Friesisches W�rterbuch, stout 4to. Goett. 1840,
+sd. 6_s._ 6_d._
+
+  Catalogues of Rare and Cheap Books in all the Dialects of Europe
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+
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+      Claims paid since the Establishment of the Office, 2,001,450_l._
+
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+      The Right Honourable EARL GREY.
+
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+      The Rev. James Sherman, _Chairman_.
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+      Sir Richard D. King, Bart.
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+
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+
+  Examples of the Extinction of Premiums by the Surrender of Bonuses.
+
+      Date of Policy. 1806
+      Sum Insured. �2500
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+      Bonuses added subsequently, to be further interested annually.
+          �1222   2   0
+
+      Date of Policy. 1811
+      Sum Insured. �1000
+      Original Premium. � 33  19   2 Ditto [Extinguished]
+      Bonuses added subsequently, to be further interested annually.
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+
+      Date of Policy. 1818
+      Sum Insured. �1000
+      Original Premium. � 34  16  10 Ditto [Extinguished]
+      Bonuses added subsequently, to be further interested annually.
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+
+  Examples of Bonuses added to other Policies.
+
+       Policy No.  521
+       Date. 1807
+       Sum Insured.  �900
+       Bonus added. �982  12  1
+       Total with Additions to be further increased. �1882  12  1
+
+       Policy No. 1174
+       Date. 1810
+       Sum Insured. �1200
+       Bonus added. �1160   5  6
+       Total with Additions to be further increased. �2360   5  6
+
+       Policy No. 3392
+       Date. 1820
+       Sum Insured. �5000
+       Bonus added. �3558  17  8
+       Total with Additions to be further increased. �8558  17  8
+
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+
+      ARTHUR SCRATCHLEY, M.A., F.R.A.S., Actuary.
+
+  Now ready, price 10_s._ 6_d._, Second Edition, with material
+  additions, INDUSTRIAL INVESTMENT and EMIGRATION; being a TREATISE
+  on BENEFIT BUILDING SOCIETIES, and on the General Principles of
+  Land Investment, exemplified in the Cases of Freehold Land
+  Societies, Building Companies, &c. With a Mathematical Appendix on
+  Compound Interest and Life Assurance. By ARTHUR SCRATCHLEY, M.A.,
+  Actuary to the Western Life Assurance Society, 3. Parliament
+  Street, London.
+
+
+MESSRS. PUTTICK AND SIMPSON beg to announce that their season for SALES
+of LITERARY PROPERTY will COMMENCE on NOVEMBER 1st, and would call
+attention to the ensuing List of Sales in preparation by them. In
+addressing Executors and others entrusted with the disposal of
+Libraries, and collections (however limited or extensive) of
+Manuscripts, Autographs, Prints, Pictures, Music, Musical Instruments,
+Objects of Art and Virtu, and Works connected with Literature, and the
+Arts generally, would suggest a Sale by Auction as the readiest and
+surest method of obtaining their full value; and conceive that the
+central situation of their premises (near St. James's Church), their
+extensive connexion of more than half a century's standing, and their
+prompt settlement of the sale accounts in cash, are advantages that will
+not be unappreciated. Messrs. P. & S. will also receive small Parcels of
+Books or other Literary Property, and insert them in occasional Sales
+with property of a kindred description, thus giving the same advantages
+to the possessor of a few Lots as to the owner of a large Collection.
+
+  [Star symbol] Libraries Catalogued, Arranged, and Valued for the
+  Probate or Legacy Duty, or for Public or Private Sale.
+
+  On Saturday, Nov. 1, a large Collection of VALUABLE BOOKS, removed
+  from the Country, including many curious and rare Works, and a
+  good selection of Modern Literature. Six days' sale.
+
+  On Wednesday, Nov. 12, EFFECTS of the late STANESBY ALCHORNE,
+  Esq., of the Tower, including his Numismatic Library, very
+  important MSS. relating to Mint Affairs, Royal and other
+  Autographs (30 of Sir Isaac Newton), the celebrated Hydrostatic
+  Balance made for the adjustment of the Standard in 1758, a most
+  important series of weights, including the original and unique
+  Troy Pound, the Collection of Coins and Medals in gold and silver,
+  in the finest condition, many patterns and proofs, and a
+  well-known and very important picture by Murillo.
+
+  On Saturday, Nov. 15, a very extensive and important Collection of
+  MANUSCRIPTS, CHARTERS, DEEDS, and other DOCUMENTS, chiefly
+  relating to English County and Family History.
+
+  On Monday, Nov. 17, the LIBRARY of the late RICHARD JONES, Esq.,
+  removed from his residence, Chapel Street, Belgrave Square,
+  including an excellent Collection of Dramatic and General
+  Literature. Four days' sale.
+
+  A Selection of CURIOUS BOOKS and MANUSCRIPTS of an eminent
+  Collector, deceased. Two days' sale.
+
+  A Collection of AUTOGRAPH LETTERS and Documents of considerable
+  interest, the property of a well-known Collector relinquishing
+  that part of his Collection.
+
+  The concluding portion of the Collection of AUTOGRAPH LETTERS of
+  Mons. A. DONNADIEU, comprising, mainly, the period of the first
+  French Revolution. Three days' sale.
+
+  The MUSICAL COLLECTIONS of a Gentleman recently deceased,
+  including some engraved plates of Copyright Works, Musical
+  Instruments, &c.
+
+  The very important and extensive LIBRARY of the COUNT MONDIDIER,
+  recently imported, especially rich in Foreign Literature, and
+  comprising an extraordinary Collection of Books relating to
+  America, Voyages, Travels, and Itineraries, including some of the
+  rarest Works in these classics, and many which have been hitherto
+  unknown to Bibliographers. Ten days' sale.
+
+  [Star symbol] Catalogues of any of the before named Collections
+  will be sent on application to the Auctioneers, 191. Piccadilly.
+
+
+Price 2_s._ 6_d._; by Post 3_s._
+
+  ILLUSTRATION AND ENQUIRIES RELATING TO MESMERISM. Part I. By the
+  Rev. S. R. MAITLAND, D.D., F.R.S., F.S.A. Sometime Librarian to
+  the late Archbishop of Canterbury, and Keeper of the MSS. at
+  Lambeth.
+
+  "One of the most valuable and interesting pamphlets we ever
+  read."--_Morning Herald._
+
+  "This publication, which promises to be the commencement of a
+  larger work, will well repay serious perusal."--_Ir. Eccl. Journ._
+
+  "A small pamphlet in which he throws a startling light on the
+  practices of modern Mesmerism."--_Nottingham Journal._
+
+  "Dr. Maitland, we consider, has here brought Mesmerism to the
+  'touchstone of truth,' to the test of the standard of right or
+  wrong. We thank him for this first instalment of his inquiry, and
+  hope that he will not long delay the remaining portions."--_London
+  Medical Gazette._
+
+  "The Enquiries are extremely curious, we should indeed say
+  important. That relating to the Witch of Endor is one of the most
+  successful we ever read. We cannot enter into particulars in this
+  brief notice; but we would strongly recommend the pamphlet even to
+  those who care nothing about Mesmerism, or _angry_ (for it has
+  come to this at last) with the subject."--_Dublin Evening Post._
+
+  "We recommend its general perusal as being really an endeavour, by
+  one whose position gives him the best facilities, to ascertain the
+  genuine character of Mesmerism, which is so much
+  disputed."--_Woolmer's Exeter Gazette._
+
+  "Dr. Maitland has bestowed a vast deal of attention on the subject
+  for many years past, and the present pamphlet is in part the
+  result of his thoughts and inquiries. There is a good deal in it
+  which we should have been glad to quote ... but we content
+  ourselves with referring our readers to the pamphlet
+  itself."--_Brit. Mag._
+
+  PIPER, BROTHERS, & CO., 23. Paternoster Row.
+
+
+BOOKS PUBLISHED BY
+
+  JOHN RUSSELL SMITH,
+
+  4. OLD COMPTON STREET, SOHO SQUARE, LONDON.
+
+  A DELECTUS IN ANGLO-SAXON, intended as a First Class-book in the
+  Language. By the Rev. W. BARNES, of St. John's College, Cambridge,
+  author of the Poems and Glossary in the Dorset dialect. 12mo.
+  cloth, 2_s._ 6_d._
+
+  "To those who wish to possess a critical knowledge of their own
+  native English, some acquaintance with Anglo-Saxon is
+  indispensable; and we have never seen an introduction better
+  calculated than the present to supply the wants of a beginner in a
+  short space of time. The declensions and conjugations are well
+  stated, and illustrated by references to the Greek, Latin, French,
+  and other languages. A philosophical spirit pervades every part.
+  The Delectus consists of short pieces on various subjects, with
+  extracts from Anglo-Saxon History and the Saxon Chronicle. There
+  is a good Glossary at the end."--_Athen�um, Oct. 20, 1849._
+
+  GUIDE TO THE ANGLO-SAXON TONGUE, with Lessons in Verse and Prose,
+  for the Use of Learners. By E. J. VERNON, B.A., Oxon. 12mo. cloth,
+  5_s._ 6_d._
+
+  [Star symbol] This will be found useful as a Second Class-book, or
+  to those well versed in other languages.
+
+  BOSWORTH'S (REV. DR.) COMPENDIOUS ANGLO-SAXON AND ENGLISH
+  DICTIONARY. 8vo. closely printed in treble columns, cloth, 12_s._
+
+  "This is not a mere abridgment of the large Dictionary, but almost
+  an entirely new work. In this compendious one will be found, at a
+  very moderate price, all that is most practical and valuable in
+  the former expensive edition, with a great accession of new words
+  and matter."--_Author's Preface._
+
+  ANALECTA ANGLO-SAXONICA. Selections in Prose and Verse from
+  Anglo-Saxon Literature, with an Introductory Ethnological Essay,
+  and Notes, critical and explanatory. By LOUIS F. KLIPSTEIN, of the
+  University of Giessen, 2 thick vols. post 8vo. cloth, 12_s._
+  (original price 18_s._)
+
+  CONSUETUDINES KANCI�. A History of GAVELKIND, and other remarkable
+  Customs in the County of KENT, by CHARLES SANDYS, Esq., F.S.A.
+  (Cantianus), illustrated with fac-similes, a very handsome volume,
+  8vo. cloth, 15_s._
+
+  FACTS AND SPECULATIONS ON THE ORIGIN AND HISTORY OF PLAYING CARDS.
+  By W. A. CHATTO, Author of "Jackson's History of Wood Engraving,"
+  in one handsome vol. 8vo. illustrated with many Engravings, both
+  plain and coloured, cloth, 1_l._ 1_s._
+
+  "It is exceedingly amusing."--_Atlas._
+
+  "A curious, entertaining, and really learned book."--_Rambler._
+
+  "Indeed the entire production deserves our warmest
+  approbation."--_Literary Gazette._
+
+  "A perfect fund of Antiquarian research, and most interesting even
+  to persons who never play at cards."--_Tait's Mag._
+
+  A DICTIONARY OF ARCHAIC AND PROVINCIAL WORDS, Obsolete Phrases,
+  Proverbs, and Ancient Customs, from the reign of Edward I. By
+  JAMES ORCHARD HALLIWELL, F.R.S., F.S.A., &c. 2 vols. 8vo.
+  containing upwards of 1,000 pages, closely printed in double
+  columns, cloth 1_l._ 1_s._
+
+  It contains above 50,000 Words (embodying all the known scattered
+  Glossaries of the English language), forming a complete key to the
+  reading of the works of our old Poets, Dramatists, Theologians,
+  and other authors, whose works abound with allusions, of which
+  explanations are not to be found in ordinary Dictionaries and
+  books of reference. Most of the principal Archaisms are
+  illustrated by examples selected from early inedited MSS. and rare
+  books, and by far the greater portion will be found to be original
+  authorities.
+
+  BRUCE'S (REV. J. C.) HISTORICAL AND TOPOGRAPHICAL ACCOUNT OF THE
+  ROMAN WALL FROM THE TYNE TO THE SOLWAY. Thick 8vo. 35 plates and
+  194 woodcuts, half morocco, 1_l._ 1_s._
+
+  GUIDE TO ARCH�OLOGY. An Arch�ological Index to Remains of
+  Antiquity of the Celtic, Romano-British, and Anglo-Saxon periods.
+  By JOHN YONGE AKERMAN, fellow and secretary to the Society of
+  Antiquaries. 1 vol. 8vo. illustrated with numerous engravings,
+  comprising upwards of 500 objects, cloth, 15_s._
+
+  "One of the first wants of an incipient antiquary is the facility
+  of comparison, and here it is furnished him at one glance. The
+  plates, indeed, form the most valuable part of the book, both by
+  their number and the judicious selection of types and examples
+  which they contain. It is a book which we can, on this account,
+  safely and warmly recommend to all who are interested in the
+  antiquities of their native land."--_Literary Gazette._
+
+  "A book of such utility--so concise, so clear, so well condensed
+  from such varied and voluminous sources--cannot fail to be
+  generally acceptable."--_Art Union._
+
+  COINS. An Introduction to the Study of Ancient and Modern Coins.
+  By J. Y. AKERMAN. Fcp. 8vo. with numerous wood engravings, from
+  the original coins, 6_s._ 6_d._
+
+  COINS OF THE ROMANS RELATING TO BRITAIN, described and
+  illustrated. By J. Y. AKERMAN, F.S.A. Second edition, 8vo. greatly
+  enlarged with plates and woodcuts, 10_s._ 6_d._ cloth.
+
+  SMITH'S (C. ROACH) ANTIQUITIES OF RICHBOROUGH, RECULVER, AND
+  LYMNE, IN KENT. Small 4to. many plates, cloth, 1_l._ 1_s._
+
+  A LITTLE BOOK OF SONGS AND BALLADS, gathered from Ancient Musick
+  Books, MS. and Printed. By E. F. RIMBAULT, LL.D., &c. Post 8vo.
+  pp. 240, half-bound in morocco, 6_s._
+
+  ---- Antique Ballads, sung to crowds of old, Now cheaply bought
+  for thrice their weight in gold.
+
+  BIBLIOTHECA MADRIGALIANA; a Bibliographical Account of the Music
+  and Poetical Works published in England in the Sixteenth and
+  Seventeenth Centuries, under the Titles of Madrigals, Ballets,
+  Ayres, Canzonets, &c. By DR. RIMBAULT. 8vo. cloth, 5_s._
+
+  HERALDS' VISITATIONS. An Index to all the Pedigrees and Arms in
+  the Heraldic Visitations and other Genealogical MSS. in the
+  British Museum. By G. SIMS, of the Manuscript Department. 8vo.
+  closely printed in double columns, cloth, 15_s._
+
+  [Star symbol] An indispensable book to those engaged in
+  genealogical or topographical pursuits, affording a ready clue to
+  the pedigrees and arms of above 30,000 of the gentry of England,
+  their residences, &c. (distinguishing the different families of
+  the same name, in every county), as recorded by the Heralds in
+  their Visitations, with Indexes to other genealogical MSS. in the
+  British Museum. It has been the work of immense labour. No public
+  library ought to be without it.
+
+  THE NURSERY RHYMES OF ENGLAND, collected chiefly from oral
+  tradition. Edited by J. O. HALLIWELL. Fourth edition, 12mo. with
+  38 Designs by W. B. Scott. 4_s._ 6_d._ cloth.
+
+  POPULAR RHYMES AND NURSERY TALES, with Historical Elucidations; a
+  Sequel to "The Nursery Rhymes of England." Edited by J. O.
+  HALLIWELL. Royal 18mo. 4_s._ 6_d._
+
+  HOLBEIN'S DANCE OF DEATH, with an Historical and Literary
+  Introduction by an Antiquary. Square post 8vo. with 54 Engravings,
+  being the most accurate copies ever executed of these gems of Art,
+  and a Frontispiece of an Ancient Bedstead at Aix-la-Chapelle, with
+  a Dance of Death carved on it, engraved by Fairholt, cloth, 9_s._
+
+  "The designs are executed with a spirit and fidelity quite
+  extraordinary. They are indeed most truthful."--_Athen�um._
+
+
+
+
+Printed by THOMAS CLARK SHAW, of No. 8. New Street Square, at No. 5. New
+Street Square, in the Parish of St. Bride in the City of London; and
+published by GEORGE BELL, of No. 186. Fleet Street, in the Parish of St.
+Dunstan in the West, in the City of London, Publisher, at No. 186. Fleet
+Street aforesaid.--Saturday, October 25. 1851.
+
+
+
+
+      [List of volumes and pages in "Notes and Queries", Vol. I-IV]
+
+      +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+
+      | Notes and Queries Vol. I.                                   |
+      +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+
+      | Vol., No.     | Date, Year        | Pages     | PG # xxxxx  |
+      +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+
+      | Vol. I No.  1 | November  3, 1849 |   1 -  17 | PG #  8603  |
+      | Vol. I No.  2 | November 10, 1849 |  18 -  32 | PG # 11265  |
+      | Vol. I No.  3 | November 17, 1849 |  33 -  46 | PG # 11577  |
+      | Vol. I No.  4 | November 24, 1849 |  49 -  63 | PG # 13513  |
+      +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+
+      | Vol. I No.  5 | December  1, 1849 |  65 -  80 | PG # 11636  |
+      | Vol. I No.  6 | December  8, 1849 |  81 -  95 | PG # 13550  |
+      | Vol. I No.  7 | December 15, 1849 |  97 - 112 | PG # 11651  |
+      | Vol. I No.  8 | December 22, 1849 | 113 - 128 | PG # 11652  |
+      | Vol. I No.  9 | December 29, 1849 | 130 - 144 | PG # 13521  |
+      +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+
+      | Vol. I No. 10 | January   5, 1850 | 145 - 160 | PG #        |
+      | Vol. I No. 11 | January  12, 1850 | 161 - 176 | PG # 11653  |
+      | Vol. I No. 12 | January  19, 1850 | 177 - 192 | PG # 11575  |
+      | Vol. I No. 13 | January  26, 1850 | 193 - 208 | PG # 11707  |
+      +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+
+      | Vol. I No. 14 | February  2, 1850 | 209 - 224 | PG # 13558  |
+      | Vol. I No. 15 | February  9, 1850 | 225 - 238 | PG # 11929  |
+      | Vol. I No. 16 | February 16, 1850 | 241 - 256 | PG # 16193  |
+      | Vol. I No. 17 | February 23, 1850 | 257 - 271 | PG # 12018  |
+      +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+
+      | Vol. I No. 18 | March     2, 1850 | 273 - 288 | PG # 13544  |
+      | Vol. I No. 19 | March     9, 1850 | 289 - 309 | PG # 13638  |
+      | Vol. I No. 20 | March    16, 1850 | 313 - 328 | PG # 16409  |
+      | Vol. I No. 21 | March    23, 1850 | 329 - 343 | PG # 11958  |
+      | Vol. I No. 22 | March    30, 1850 | 345 - 359 | PG # 12198  |
+      +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+
+      | Vol. I No. 23 | April     6, 1850 | 361 - 376 | PG # 12505  |
+      | Vol. I No. 24 | April    13, 1850 | 377 - 392 | PG # 13925  |
+      | Vol. I No. 25 | April    20, 1850 | 393 - 408 | PG # 13747  |
+      | Vol. I No. 26 | April    27, 1850 | 409 - 423 | PG # 13822  |
+      +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+
+      | Vol. I No. 27 | May       4, 1850 | 425 - 447 | PG # 13712  |
+      | Vol. I No. 28 | May      11, 1850 | 449 - 463 | PG # 13684  |
+      | Vol. I No. 29 | May      18, 1850 | 465 - 479 | PG # 15197  |
+      | Vol. I No. 30 | May      25, 1850 | 481 - 495 | PG # 13713  |
+      +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+
+      | Notes and Queries Vol. II.                                  |
+      +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+
+      | Vol., No.      | Date, Year         | Pages   | PG # xxxxx  |
+      +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+
+      | Vol. II No. 31 | June  1, 1850      |   1- 15 | PG # 12589  |
+      | Vol. II No. 32 | June  8, 1850      |  17- 32 | PG # 15996  |
+      | Vol. II No. 33 | June 15, 1850      |  33- 48 | PG # 26121  |
+      | Vol. II No. 34 | June 22, 1850      |  49- 64 | PG # 22127  |
+      | Vol. II No. 35 | June 29, 1850      |  65- 79 | PG # 22126  |
+      +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+
+      | Vol. II No. 36 | July  6, 1850      |  81- 96 | PG # 13361  |
+      | Vol. II No. 37 | July 13, 1850      |  97-112 | PG # 13729  |
+      | Vol. II No. 38 | July 20, 1850      | 113-128 | PG # 13362  |
+      | Vol. II No. 39 | July 27, 1850      | 129-143 | PG # 13736  |
+      +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+
+      | Vol. II No. 40 | August  3, 1850    | 145-159 | PG # 13389  |
+      | Vol. II No. 41 | August 10, 1850    | 161-176 | PG # 13393  |
+      | Vol. II No. 42 | August 17, 1850    | 177-191 | PG # 13411  |
+      | Vol. II No. 43 | August 24, 1850    | 193-207 | PG # 13406  |
+      | Vol. II No. 44 | August 31, 1850    | 209-223 | PG # 13426  |
+      +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+
+      | Vol. II No. 45 | September  7, 1850 | 225-240 | PG # 13427  |
+      | Vol. II No. 46 | September 14, 1850 | 241-256 | PG # 13462  |
+      | Vol. II No. 47 | September 21, 1850 | 257-272 | PG # 13936  |
+      | Vol. II No. 48 | September 28, 1850 | 273-288 | PG # 13463  |
+      +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+
+      | Vol. II No. 49 | October  5, 1850   | 289-304 | PG # 13480  |
+      | Vol. II No. 50 | October 12, 1850   | 305-320 | PG # 13551  |
+      | Vol. II No. 51 | October 19, 1850   | 321-351 | PG # 15232  |
+      | Vol. II No. 52 | October 26, 1850   | 353-367 | PG # 22624  |
+      +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+
+      | Vol. II No. 53 | November  2, 1850  | 369-383 | PG # 13540  |
+      | Vol. II No. 54 | November  9, 1850  | 385-399 | PG # 22138  |
+      | Vol. II No. 55 | November 16, 1850  | 401-415 | PG # 15216  |
+      | Vol. II No. 56 | November 23, 1850  | 417-431 | PG # 15354  |
+      | Vol. II No. 57 | November 30, 1850  | 433-454 | PG # 15405  |
+      +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+
+      | Vol. II No. 58 | December  7, 1850  | 457-470 | PG # 21503  |
+      | Vol. II No. 59 | December 14, 1850  | 473-486 | PG # 15427  |
+      | Vol. II No. 60 | December 21, 1850  | 489-502 | PG # 24803  |
+      | Vol. II No. 61 | December 28, 1850  | 505-524 | PG # 16404  |
+      +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+
+      | Notes and Queries Vol. III.                                 |
+      +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+
+      | Vol., No.       | Date, Year        | Pages   | PG # xxxxx  |
+      +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+
+      | Vol. III No. 62 | January  4, 1851  |   1- 15 | PG # 15638  |
+      | Vol. III No. 63 | January 11, 1851  |  17- 31 | PG # 15639  |
+      | Vol. III No. 64 | January 18, 1851  |  33- 47 | PG # 15640  |
+      | Vol. III No. 65 | January 25, 1851  |  49- 78 | PG # 15641  |
+      +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+
+      | Vol. III No. 66 | February  1, 1851 |  81- 95 | PG # 22339  |
+      | Vol. III No. 67 | February  8, 1851 |  97-111 | PG # 22625  |
+      | Vol. III No. 68 | February 15, 1851 | 113-127 | PG # 22639  |
+      | Vol. III No. 69 | February 22, 1851 | 129-159 | PG # 23027  |
+      +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+
+      | Vol. III No. 70 | March  1, 1851    | 161-174 | PG # 23204  |
+      | Vol. III No. 71 | March  8, 1851    | 177-200 | PG # 23205  |
+      | Vol. III No. 72 | March 15, 1851    | 201-215 | PG # 23212  |
+      | Vol. III No. 73 | March 22, 1851    | 217-231 | PG # 23225  |
+      | Vol. III No. 74 | March 29, 1851    | 233-255 | PG # 23282  |
+      +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+
+      | Vol. III No. 75 | April  5, 1851    | 257-271 | PG # 23402  |
+      | Vol. III No. 76 | April 12, 1851    | 273-294 | PG # 26896  |
+      | Vol. III No. 77 | April 19, 1851    | 297-311 | PG # 26897  |
+      | Vol. III No. 78 | April 26, 1851    | 313-342 | PG # 26898  |
+      +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+
+      | Vol. III No. 79 | May  3, 1851      | 345-359 | PG # 26899  |
+      | Vol. III No. 80 | May 10, 1851      | 361-382 | PG # 32495  |
+      | Vol. III No. 81 | May 17, 1851      | 385-399 | PG # 29318  |
+      | Vol. III No. 82 | May 24, 1851      | 401-415 | PG # 28311  |
+      | Vol. III No. 83 | May 31, 1851      | 417-440 | PG # 36835  |
+      +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+
+      | Vol. III No. 84 | June  7, 1851     | 441-472 | PG # 37379  |
+      | Vol. III No. 85 | June 14, 1851     | 473-488 | PG # 37403  |
+      | Vol. III No. 86 | June 21, 1851     | 489-511 | PG # 37496  |
+      | Vol. III No. 87 | June 28, 1851     | 513-528 | PG # 37516  |
+      +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+
+      | Notes and Queries Vol. IV.                                  |
+      +-----------------+--------------------+---------+------------+
+      | Vol., No.       | Date, Year         | Pages   | PG # xxxxx |
+      +-----------------+--------------------+---------+------------+
+      | Vol. IV No. 88  | July  5, 1851      |   1- 15 | PG # 37548 |
+      | Vol. IV No. 89  | July 12, 1851      |  17- 31 | PG # 37568 |
+      | Vol. IV No. 90  | July 19, 1851      |  33- 47 | PG # 37593 |
+      | Vol. IV No. 91  | July 26, 1851      |  49- 79 | PG # 37778 |
+      +-----------------+--------------------+---------+------------+
+      | Vol. IV No. 92  | August  2, 1851    |  81- 94 | PG # 38324 |
+      | Vol. IV No. 93  | August  9, 1851    |  97-112 | PG # 38337 |
+      | Vol. IV No. 94  | August 16, 1851    | 113-127 | PG # 38350 |
+      | Vol. IV No. 95  | August 23, 1851    | 129-144 | PG # 38386 |
+      | Vol. IV No. 96  | August 30, 1851    | 145-167 | PG # 38405 |
+      +-----------------+--------------------+---------+------------+
+      | Vol. IV No.  97 | Sept.  6, 1851     | 169-183 | PG # 38433 |
+      | Vol. IV No.  98 | Sept. 13, 1851     | 185-200 | PG # 38491 |
+      | Vol. IV No.  99 | Sept. 20, 1851     | 201-216 | PG # 38574 |
+      | Vol. IV No. 100 | Sept. 27, 1851     | 217-246 | PG # 38656 |
+      +-----------------+--------------------+---------+------------+
+      | Vol. IV No. 101 | Oct.  4, 1851      | 249-264 | PG # 38701 |
+      | Vol. IV No. 102 | Oct. 11, 1851      | 265-287 | PG # 38773 |
+      | Vol. IV No. 103 | Oct. 18, 1851      | 289-303 | PG # 38864 |
+      +-----------------+--------------------+---------+------------+
+      | Vol I. Index. [Nov. 1849-May 1850]             | PG # 13536 |
+      | INDEX TO THE SECOND VOLUME. MAY-DEC., 1850     | PG # 13571 |
+      | INDEX TO THE THIRD VOLUME. JAN.-JUNE, 1851     | PG # 26770 |
+      +------------------------------------------------+------------+
+
+
+
+
+
+End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Notes and Queries, Vol. IV, Number
+104, October 25, 1851, by Various
+
+*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES AND QUERIES, OCT 25, 1851 ***
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+
+The Project Gutenberg EBook of Notes and Queries, Vol. IV, Number 104,
+October 25, 1851, by Various
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: Notes and Queries, Vol. IV, Number 104, October 25, 1851
+       A Medium of Inter-communication for Literary Men, Artists,
+              Antiquaries, Genealogists, etc.
+
+Author: Various
+
+Editor: George Bell
+
+Release Date: February 18, 2012 [EBook #38926]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES AND QUERIES, OCT 25, 1851 ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by Charlene Taylor, Jonathan Ingram and the Online
+Distributed Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net (This
+file was produced from images generously made available
+by The Internet Library of Early Journals.)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+</pre>
+
+
+
+
+<h1>
+<span id="idno">Vol. IV.&mdash;No. 104.</span>
+
+<span>NOTES <small>AND</small> QUERIES:</span>
+
+<span id="id1"> A MEDIUM OF INTER-COMMUNICATION</span>
+
+<span id="id2"> FOR</span>
+<span id="id3"> LITERARY MEN, ARTISTS, ANTIQUARIES, GENEALOGISTS, ETC.</span>
+
+</h1>
+
+<div class="center1">
+<p class="noindent"><b>"When found, make a note of."</b>&mdash;C<span class="smcap lowercase">APTAIN</span> C<span class="smcap lowercase">UTTLE.</span></p>
+</div>
+
+<p class="noindent center smaller">V<span class="smcap lowercase">OL</span>. IV.&mdash;No. 104.</p>
+
+<p class="noindent center smaller">S<span class="smcap lowercase">ATURDAY</span>, O<span class="smcap lowercase">CTOBER</span> 25. 1851.</p>
+
+<p class="noindent center smaller"> Price Sixpence. Stamped Edition, 7<i>d.</i></p>
+
+
+
+
+<h2><span>CONTENTS.</span></h2>
+
+
+
+
+<p class="larger"> N<span class="smcap lowercase">OTES</span>:&mdash; </p>
+
+<div class="toc">
+
+<p class="indh i5">The Old Countess of Desmond, No. 1.                     <a title="Go to page 305" href="#Page_305">305</a></p>
+
+ <p class="indh i5">Panslavic Sketches, by Dr. J. Lotsky                   <a title="Go to page 306" href="#Page_306">306</a></p>
+
+ <p class="indh i5">Monumental Bust of Shakspeare, by J. O. Halliwell      <a title="Go to page 307" href="#Page_307">307</a></p>
+
+<p class="indh i5">Notes on Passages in Virgil, by Dr. Henry               <a title="Go to page 307" href="#Page_307">307</a></p>
+
+<p class="indh i5">Folk Lore:&mdash;Superstitions respecting Bees&mdash;Bees invited
+      to Funerals&mdash;North Side of Churchyards&mdash;Ashton
+      Faggot: a Devonshire Custom&mdash;Offerings
+      to the Apple-trees: Devonshire Superstition                          <a title="Go to page 308" href="#Page_308">308</a></p>
+
+<p class="indh i5">Poetical Imitations                                     <a title="Go to page 310" href="#Page_310">310</a></p>
+
+<p class="indh i5">Gloucestershire Ballads:&mdash;A Gloucester Ditty; George
+      Ridler's Oven                                                        <a title="Go to page 311" href="#Page_311">311</a></p>
+
+<p class="indh i5">The Caxton Coffer, by Bolton Corney                     <a title="Go to page 312" href="#Page_312">312</a></p>
+
+<p class="indh i5">Minor Notes:&mdash;Note on the Duration of Reigns&mdash;Cock
+      and Bull Story&mdash;"Multa renascentur," &amp;c.&mdash;Corruptions
+      recognised as acknowledged Words                                      <a title="Go to page 312" href="#Page_312">312</a></p>
+</div>
+
+<p class="larger">Q<span class="smcap lowercase">UERIES</span>:&mdash;</p>
+
+
+<div class="toc">
+
+<p class="indh i5">Mary Queen of Scots and Bothwell's Confession            <a title="Go to page 313" href="#Page_313">313</a></p>
+
+<p class="indh i5"> Minor Queries:&mdash;"'Tis Twopence now"&mdash;Scythians
+      blind their Slaves&mdash;The "Gododin"&mdash;Frontispiece
+      to Hobbes's Leviathan&mdash;Broad Arrow or Arrow Head&mdash;Deep
+      Well near Bansted Downs&mdash;Upton Court&mdash;Derivation
+      of Prog&mdash;Metrical History of England&mdash;Finger
+      Pillories in Churches&mdash;Stallenge Queries&mdash;Ancient
+      MS. History of Scotland&mdash;Pharetram de
+      Tutesbit&mdash;Inundation at Deptford&mdash;Butler's Sermons&mdash;Coleridge's
+      Christabel&mdash;Epigram ascribed to
+      Mary Queen of Scots                                                   <a title="Go to page 314" href="#Page_314">314</a></p>
+
+<p class="indh i5">M<span class="smcap lowercase">INOR</span>
+ Q<span class="smcap lowercase">UERIES</span>
+A<span class="smcap lowercase">NSWERED</span>:&mdash;Meaning of Farlieu&mdash;"History
+      of Anglesey"&mdash;The Word "Rile"                                     <a title="Go to page 317" href="#Page_317">317</a></p>
+</div>
+
+
+<p class="larger">  R<span class="smcap lowercase">EPLIES</span>:&mdash;</p>
+
+
+<div class="toc">
+
+ <p class="indh i5">Winchester Execution                                <a title="Go to page 317" href="#Page_317">317</a></p>
+
+<p class="indh i5">Cockney                                              <a title="Go to page 318" href="#Page_318">318</a></p>
+
+<p class="indh i5">Sir Edmund Plowden or Ployden                        <a title="Go to page 319" href="#Page_319">319</a></p>
+
+<p class="indh i5">General James Wolfe                                  <a title="Go to page 322" href="#Page_322">322</a></p>
+
+<p class="indh i5">Stanzas in Childe Harold                             <a title="Go to page 323" href="#Page_323">323</a></p>
+
+<p class="indh i5">  Replies to Minor Queries:&mdash;MS. Note in a Copy of
+      Liber Sententiarum&mdash;Naturalis Proles&mdash;Print cleaning&mdash;Story
+      referred to by Jeremy Taylor&mdash;Anagrams&mdash;Battle
+      of Brunanburgh&mdash;Praed's Works&mdash;Sir J.
+      Davies&mdash;Coins of Constantius Gallus&mdash;Passage in
+      Sedley&mdash;Buxtorf's Translation of Elias Levita's "Tub
+      Taam"&mdash;Stonehenge&mdash;Glass in Windows formerly
+      not a Fixture&mdash;Fortune, infortune, fort une&mdash;Matthew
+      Paris's "Historia Minor"&mdash;Sanford's "Descensus"&mdash;Death
+      of Pitt&mdash;History of Hawick&mdash;"Prophecies of
+      Nostradamus"&mdash;Bourchier Family&mdash;William III.
+      at Exeter&mdash;Passage in George Herbert&mdash;Suicides
+      buried in Cross Roads&mdash;Armorial Bearing&mdash;"Life
+      of Cromwell"&mdash;Harris, Painter in Water
+      Colours&mdash;"Son of the Morning"&mdash;Grimsdyke or
+      Grimesditch&mdash;Cagots&mdash;The Serpent represented with
+      a human Head&mdash;Fire Unknown&mdash;Plant in Texas&mdash;Copying
+      Inscriptions&mdash;Chantrey's Statue of Mrs. Jordan&mdash;Portraits
+      of Burke&mdash;Martial's Distribution of
+      Hours                                                    <a title="Go to page 326" href="#Page_326">326</a></p>
+</div>
+
+<p class="larger">M<span class="smcap lowercase">ISCELLANEOUS</span>:&mdash;</p>
+
+
+<div class="toc">
+<p class="indh i5">Notes on Books, Sales, Catalogues, &amp;c.  <a title="Go to page 332" href="#Page_332">332</a></p>
+
+<p class="indh i5">Books and Odd Volumes wanted                <a title="Go to page 333" href="#Page_333">333</a></p>
+
+<p class="indh i5">Notices to Correspondents                   <a title="Go to page 333" href="#Page_333">333</a></p>
+
+<p class="indh i5">Advertisements<a id="Page_305"></a>         <a title="Go to page 333" href="#Page_333">333</a><span class="pagenum">[305]</span> </p>
+
+
+<p class="indh i5"> <a id="was_added1"></a><a title="Go to list of vol. numbers and pages" href="#pageslist1"  class="fnanchor">List
+of Notes and Queries volumes and pages</a></p>
+</div>
+
+
+
+
+
+<h2><span class="bla">Notes.</span></h2>
+
+
+<h3><span>THE OLD COUNTESS OF DESMOND, NO. 1.</span></h3>
+
+<p>The various notices and inquiries at times in your publication
+respecting this lady, including, as they do, some sceptical doubts of
+her existence, induce me to trouble you with several particulars upon
+this subject, of which I have at sundry times, according to the
+admirable suggestion of your motto, "when found, made a note." Some of
+them, derived from local antiquarian opportunities, will be new; of all
+I shall endeavour to make an intelligible arrangement; and as the
+subject will probably extend itself too much for a single article suited
+to your pages, I propose to place it under these distinct headings:&mdash;Was
+there an <i>old</i> Countess of Desmond? Is there <i>really</i> a portrait of her?
+And, Who was she?</p>
+
+<p>In reference to the first inquiry, I would observe that the <i>fact</i> of
+the existence of such a personage rests upon no modern or uncertain
+tradition. This aged lady, according to an account I shall mention
+presently, is supposed to have lived to the latter end of the reign of
+James I. or beginning of that of Charles I.; and mention is made of her
+by Sir Walter Raleigh, in his <i>History of the World</i> (bk. i. p. i. c.
+5.), as "personally known to him" as having been married in the reign of
+Edward IV. (who died <span class="smcap lowercase">A.D.</span> 1485); and who was living in 1589, and "many
+years afterwards, as all the noblemen and gentlemen of Munster can
+witness."</p>
+
+<p>Lord Bacon, in his <i>Natural History</i> (cent. viii. sect. 755.) refers to
+her thus:</p>
+
+<p class="blockquot">  "They tell a tale of the old Countess of Desmond, who lived until
+  she was seven score years old; that she did <i>dentize</i> twice or
+  thrice, casting her old teeth, and others coming in their place."</p>
+
+<p>Horace Walpole, in his <i>Historic Doubts respecting Richard III.</i> (p.
+102.), correcting the "misrepresentations regarding his person," says:</p>
+
+<p class="blockquot"> "The <i>old</i> Countess of Desmond, who had danced with Richard,
+  declared he was the handsomest man in the room except his brother
+  Edward, and was very well made."</p>
+
+<p>This last anecdote of Walpole's is taken from an account which I
+certainly have <i>seen</i> and read, but the name of the authority I cannot
+now recollect,<a id="Page_306"></a> <span class="pagenum">[306]</span> which stated that the Countess actually outlived
+the "trust term for securing her jointure" (a period generally of
+ninety-nine years from the date of marriage), "and was obliged in her
+old age to appear in a court of justice to establish her rights; and
+that it was <i>there</i> and <i>then</i> she delivered Walpole's anecdote to the
+judge and audience." All these different yet concurring testimonies seem
+satisfactorily to establish the fact that there <i>was</i> a Countess of
+Desmond "passing old."</p>
+
+<p>Then, as to her celebrated <i>picture</i>, of which I have frequently seen
+the original on <i>wood</i>, in possession of the "Right Hon. Maurice
+Fitzgerald, Knight of Kerry," and have now a print before me, there are
+some particulars and questions which may interest your readers.</p>
+
+<p>The print (same size as the original) is a mezzo-tint, ten inches by
+seven inches and a half, and has under it the following inscription:</p>
+
+<p class="blockquot">"C<span class="smcap lowercase">ATHERINE</span> F<span class="smcap lowercase">ITZGERALD</span> (the
+ long-lived) C<span class="smcap lowercase">OUNTESS OF</span> D<span class="smcap lowercase">ESMOND</span>, from
+  an original Family Picture of the same size, painted on Board, in
+  the possession of the Right Honorable Maurice Fitzgerald, Knight
+  of Kerry, &amp;c. &amp;c. &amp;c., to whom this plate is most respectfully
+  dedicated by her very obedient and much obliged humble servant,
+  H<span class="smcap lowercase">ENRY</span> P<span class="smcap lowercase">ELHAM</span>.</p>
+
+<p class="blockquot">"This illustrious lady was born about the year 1464, and was
+  married in the reign of Edward IV., lived during the reigns of
+  Edward V., Richard III., Henry VII., Henry VIII., Edward VI.,
+  Mary, and Elizabeth, and died in the latter end of James I., or
+  beginning of Charles I.'s reign, at the great age (as is generally
+  supposed) of 162 years. Published as the Act directs, at Bear
+  Island, June 4, 1806. By Henry Pelham, Esq."</p>
+
+<p>In this print the features are large and strongly marked; the forehead
+and upper part of the nose deeply wrinkled, the head covered with a
+large full black hood, showing no hair whatever about the face; the
+person wrapped in a dark cloak, held by a single button over the breast.
+As some of your correspondents speak of portraits of this lady at Knowle
+(Vol. iii., p. 341.), Bedgebury, and Penshurst, it may be useful to
+compare them with this description, for the following reason.</p>
+
+<p>Horace Walpole, whose "mission" seems to have been to raise "Historic
+Doubts," in a letter to Rev. Mr. Cole, dated May 28, 1774, has the
+following sentence:</p>
+
+<p class="blockquot">"Mr. Pennant has given a new edition of his former <i>Tour</i>, with
+  more cuts: among others is the <i>vulgar</i> head called the Countess
+  of Desmond. I told him I had discovered, and proved past
+  contradiction, <i>that it is Rembrandt's mother</i>. He owned it, and
+  said he would correct it by a note: but he has not. <i>This is a
+  brave way of being an antiquary</i>: as if there could be any merit
+  in giving for genuine what one knows to be spurious."</p>
+
+<p>This is a very <i>teasing</i> passage. I have no copy of Pennant's <i>Tour</i> by
+me; nor do I recollect ever to have seen one with the print here
+referred to. Probably some of your numerous correspondents will find
+one, and inform us, whether the print in it resembles the description I
+have given. It is not at all probable that Pennant's "cut" was copied
+from the Knight of Kerry's picture: but <i>if</i> it was copied from any of
+those mentioned by your correspondents; and <i>if</i> these be duplicates of
+the Knight of Kerry's "family portrait;" and <i>if</i> Horace Walpole's cruel
+criticism on Mr. Pennant be correct&mdash;then have we all been <i>shamed with
+a sham</i>. These are a considerable number of <i>ifs</i>, upon which this
+conclusion depends; but in one thing Walpole is correct: "there is no
+merit in giving for genuine what one knows to be spurious."</p>
+
+<p>Of the Mr. Pelham who published the print I have described, there are
+some particulars which may interest your readers. He will be found among
+the correspondents of the late General Vallancey, whose interest in
+Irish antiquities is well known. Mr. Pelham was an ingenious gentleman,
+who came to Kerry in the end of the last century, in the character of
+agent to the Marquis of Lansdowne; which engagement, after a few years,
+he resigned, but continued in the county, a zealous studier of its
+antiquities, and intending, as I have heard, either a new County History
+or a reprint of Smith's work. He was a good civil engineer, and executed
+a great part of a large county and baronial map, afterwards finished by
+another hand. Mr. Pelham, who perished prematurely by sudden death, in
+his boat, while superintending the building of a Martello tower on Bear
+Island, in the River Kenmare, in the very year he published this print,
+is said to have been an uncle by half-blood to the present Lord
+Lyndhurst, whose grandmother, Sarah Singleton, is said to have married
+to her second husband, &mdash;&mdash; Pelham, an American&mdash;Henry Pelham being the
+only issue of her second marriage, as John Singleton Copley, father to
+the ex-chancellor, was of her first. In my next I propose to consider
+the question, Who was the old Countess of Desmond?</p>
+
+ <p class="right"> A. B. R.</p>
+
+
+
+<h3><span>PANSLAVIC SKETCHES.</span></h3>
+
+<p>The idea and conception of <i>Panslavism</i> are the produce of the latent
+political events on the Continent, viz. the idea of a
+<i>re-crystallisation</i> of a race of people comprising even now sixty
+millions, and which in former epochs extended from Archangelsk to
+Tissalonichi, where it bordered on the abodes of the Hellenic race.
+Having lost their primeval (Indian) civilisation by migrations which
+extend to times historical, the only monuments testifying to their most
+ancient origin are the languages of these various tribes,&mdash;the Russians,
+Czechs, Poles, &amp;c. But these languages have all<a id="Page_307"></a> <span class="pagenum">[307]</span> acquired a more
+modern type, by a great susception of Greek, Tartarian, Latin, Turkish,
+and German phrases and constructions. Fortunately, however, there have
+been other branches of this huge nation-tree, which, settled on the
+shores of the German ocean, afar from the tracts of migration and the
+stations of war, have escaped the influence of the changes contingent on
+the contentions and intercourse of men. And thus, the <i>Old Prussian</i>,
+the <i>Lithuanian</i>, and the <i>Lettish</i> tongues (dialects) have escaped, as
+it were, the changes of improvement, and have remained, in the mouth of
+aboriginal inhabitants, such as they were many centuries ago. If the
+mythology of the Slavian nations, and their universal complex of
+languages, are undoubtedly <i>Indian</i> (Sanscrit), the above-named three
+dialects have retained <i>most</i> of their primordial type. I subjoin the
+Lord's Prayer, written in these three ancient Slavonic dialects, now
+hardly understood by any other save those very same tribes. The
+approximation to Sanscrit is most striking, and deserves the notice of
+philologists. As a number of persons conversant with Sanscrit, and even
+the dialects spoken in India, are to be met with in the British capital,
+their attention is most respectfully called to these venerable remains
+of old <i>Panslavic</i> tongues.</p>
+
+ <p class="right">D<span class="smcap lowercase">R</span>. J. L<span class="smcap lowercase">OTSKY</span>, Panslave.</p>
+
+ <p class="left"> 8. Robert Street, Hampstead Road.</p>
+
+
+
+<h3><span>THE LORD'S PRAYER.</span></h3>
+
+<h4><span><i>Old Prussian.</i></span></h4>
+
+<p>Tava nuson, kas tu essei en dangon, svintints virst tvais emnes; pereit
+tvais ryks; tvais quaits audasin kagi en dandon tyt deigi no semien,
+nuson deinennin geitien dais numans s&#772;an deinan; bhe etverpeis numas
+nusons ausautins, kaimes etverpimai nusons aus&#772;autenikamans; bhe ni
+veddeis mans em perbandasnan, s&#772;lait isrankeis mans esse vissan
+vargan.</p>
+
+
+
+<h4><span><i>Lithuanian.</i></span></h4>
+
+<p>Tive mus�, kurs essi danguie, te essie s&#772;ven&#275; amas tavo vardas; te
+ateinie tavo karaliste; te nusid&#365;die tavo vale, kaip danguie taip ir
+ant z&#772;�m�s; d&#365;na mus� diesnis&#772;ka d�k mums ir sa diena; ir att�isk
+mums mus� kattes, kaip mes att�idsam savo kattiemus; ir ne vesk mus i
+pagundima, bet g�lb�k mus n&#365; pikto.</p>
+
+
+<h4><span><i>Letton (Lettish.)</i></span></h4>
+
+<p>M�su t�vs debbes�s, sv�t�ts lai t�p tavs v�rds, lai n�k tava valstiba;
+tavs pr�ts lai noteek, ka debbes�s ta arridzan zemmes virz�; m�s�
+deenis&#772;ku maiz d�d mums s&#772;odeen; un pametti mums m�su parradus, ka
+arrim�s pamettam saveem parradneekeem; un ne ceveddi m�s eeks&#772;
+k�rdinas&#772;anas, bet atpesti m�s no ta launa.</p>
+
+
+
+<h3><span>MONUMENTAL BUST OF SHAKSPEARE.</span></h3>
+
+<p>Mr. T. Kite, the parish clerk of Stratford-on-Avon, has recently
+completed a copy in imitation stone from a cast of the monumental bust
+of Shakspeare, which appears to me, after a very close and minute
+comparison, to be a far more faithful transcript of the original than
+any of the kind hitherto accessible to the public. It gives in detail
+most accurately those peculiarities which led Sir F. Chantrey to the
+opinion that the artist worked from a cast made after death; and if you
+would kindly spare a few lines of your paper for a paragraph to that
+effect, I feel sure you would not only confer a benefit on Shakspearian
+collectors, but at the same time pay a just tribute to Mr. Kite, for the
+intelligent pains he has bestowed upon the work. It is scarcely
+necessary to say an accurate copy of the Stratford bust is the best
+memorial of Shakspeare the public can possess, it being so much superior
+in authenticity to any other resemblance.</p>
+
+ <p class="right">J. O. H<span class="smcap lowercase">ALLIWELL</span>.</p>
+
+ <p class="left">Stratford on Avon, Oct. 15.</p>
+
+
+
+<h3><span>NOTES ON PASSAGES IN VIRGIL.</span></h3>
+
+<p class="center">I. "Acti Fatis."&mdash;<i>Virg. �n. I. 36.</i></p>
+
+ <p class="blockquot"> "Si <i>fatis</i>, nulla Junonis invidia est. Si Junonis invidi�
+  fatigabantur quomodo dicit <i>acti fatis</i>? Sed hoc ipsum Junonis
+  odium fatale est. Agebantur <i>fatis</i> Junonis, i.e. <i>voluntate</i>; vel
+  <i>fatis</i>, pro <i>malis</i>,
+ ut iii. 182."&mdash;S<span class="smcap lowercase">ERVIUS</span>.</p>
+
+ <p class="blockquot"> "Non tam quoniam hoc Junonis odium fatale erat, ut Servius; sed
+  potius, quoniam hi ipsi Trojanorum, errores fatales
+  erant."&mdash;H<span class="smcap lowercase">EYNE</span>.</p>
+
+<p>Not only these two, but all other commentators and translators, as far
+as I know, have wholly mistaken the meaning of this passage, which is
+not <i>that the Trojans were</i> jactati, fatigati, or agitati, <i>harassed, or
+driven hither and thither by the fates</i>, (<i>actus</i> being never used in
+the sense assigned to it in such interpretation), but simply that they
+were <i>driven onward, or toward Latium, by the fates</i> (acti fatis); while
+at the same time they were <i>driven backward, or from Latium, by Juno</i>,
+(arcebat longe Latio). The result was "multos per annos errabant maria
+omnia circum:" words could not more clearly express the opposition of
+the forces between which the Trojans were placed; an opposition on which
+hangs the whole action of the poem. The <i>invidia</i> of Juno, concerning
+which Servius queries, was manifested by her using her utmost exertions
+to prevent the Trojans from arriving at the place toward which they were
+impelled by the fates, <i>i.e.</i> at which it was fated they should arrive.</p>
+
+<p>As "acti fatis" here, so "fato profugus venit," verse 6; "sedes ubi fata
+quietas ostendunt," verse 209; "data fata secutus," verse 386; "fata
+deum vestras exquirere terras imperiis <i>egere</i> suis" (<i>�n.</i> <span class="smcap lowercase">VII.</span> 239.);
+"fatisque vocantia regna" (<i>�n.</i> v. 656.);<a id="Page_308"></a> <span class="pagenum">[308]</span> &amp;c.; through all which
+expressions runs the one constant idea of the fates <i>calling</i>,
+<i>forcing</i>, <i>driving</i> (agentia) the Trojans toward Latium.</p>
+
+
+<p class="center">   II. "S�vus ubi �acid� telo jacet Hector ubi ingens<br />
+       Sarpedon."&mdash;<i>Virg. �n.</i> <span class="smcap lowercase">I.</span> 103.<a id="ubi1"></a><a title="Go to footnote 1." href="#fn1" class="fnanchor">[1]</a> </p>
+
+
+
+<p class="footnote"><a id="fn1"></a><a title="Return to text." href="#ubi1" class="label">[1]</a> The
+numbering of the lines is that of the Delphin edition.</p>
+
+<p>Observe how the poet surmounts the obvious difficulty of uniting Hector,
+the principal champion of Troy, and Sarpedon, the son of Jove, in one
+and the same sentence, without implying a preference for either, without
+exalting one at the expense of the other; viz., by counterbalancing, by
+an inferior position towards the end of a line, that advantage of
+priority of mention, which he must necessarily give to one of them; and
+by compensating the other for the disadvantage of being placed second in
+order, by the double advantage of first place in a line, and separation
+from the rest of the line by a sudden pause.</p>
+
+
+
+      <p class="center">III. "Ubi tot Simois correpta sub undis<br />
+ Scuta virum galeasque et fortia corpora volvit."&mdash;<i>Virg. �n.</i> <span class="smcap lowercase">I.</span> 104.</p>
+
+
+
+  <p class="blockquot">"Contendit cum Homero (<i>Il.</i>
+<span title="[Greek: m.]">&#956;.</span> 22. <i>seq.</i>). Potest sane
+  oratio nimis ornata videri ex �ne� persona; sed innumeris locis
+  poet� cum epici, tum tragici, ac lyrici, sibi indulgent in ornatu,
+  etiam ubi alios loquentes inducunt."&mdash;H<span class="smcap lowercase">EYNE</span>.</p>
+
+<p>This stricture, very seasonable in a commentary on Statius or Lucan, is
+wholly inapplicable to Virgil; a poet remarkable, above all others, for
+his abstinence from gaudy ornament, and singularly careful to adapt the
+sentiment to the character and circumstances of the speaker. The words
+in the text, or some similar words, were indispensable to give full
+expression to the idea of �neas; very imperfectly understood either by
+the annotators, or, with the exception of Caro, by the translators:
+<i>Happy those who died on the plains of Troy, in the sight of their
+sires? Oh! that I, too, had perished there by the hand of Tydides, or
+been swept away along with so many of my friends by the Simois!</i></p>
+
+<p class="right">  J<span class="smcap lowercase">AMES</span> H<span class="smcap lowercase">ENRY.</span></p>
+
+<p class="left">34. Westland Row, Dublin.</p>
+
+
+
+<h3><span>FOLK LORE.</span></h3>
+
+<h4><span><i>Superstitions respecting Bees.</i></span></h4>
+
+<p>&mdash;It is a subject for painful
+reflection, that beings of so great skill and useful industry should be
+so liable to take affront, as is proved by the anecdotes related of bees
+by L. L. L. Who would not grieve, that bees&mdash;who have been said to
+partake of the Divine nature,</p>
+
+<div class="poem">
+
+      <p>"Esse apibus partem divin� mentis et haustus</p>
+     <p> �therios dix�re"&mdash;</p>
+
+</div>
+
+<p class="noindent">should reduce themselves, by this susceptibility of offence at (in most
+cases imaginary) neglect, to a level with the weakness and folly of
+human creatures,&mdash;I say human creatures; for in the country I have known
+feuds caused by omitting to bid to the funeral of a deceased neighbour,
+or to send black gloves. It was to be hoped that these "offensiones
+muliebres" (we may add "viriles" also) were peculiar to the human race;
+but that, it is apparent, is not so. The custom of giving a piece of the
+funeral cake is new to me; though it looks like want of feeling to be
+greedy of cake in the hour of affliction, yet there is a sort of
+retributive fitness in presenting to these busy people</p>
+
+<div class="poem">
+
+     <p> "<i>Melle</i> soporatam et medicatis frugibus offam."</p>
+
+</div>
+
+<p class="noindent">It is a grateful acknowledgment of past favours conferred upon the
+deceased head of the family, and a retainer for future services to the
+survivors.</p>
+
+<p>With regard to the custom of informing the bees of a death in the
+family, and the penalty of omitting to do so, I can add to the proof of
+it. I find among some memoranda I made more than five-and-twenty years
+ago, the following note:</p>
+
+ <p class="blockquot"> "In Buckinghamshire it is common, on the death of any one of the
+  family, for the nurse to go to all the bee-hives in the garden,
+  and tap gently three times, each time repeating three times these
+  words, 'Little brownie, little brownie, your master's dead;' when
+  the bees, beginning to <i>hum</i>, show their consent to remain. The
+  omission of this ceremony, it is believed, would occasion the loss
+  of the bees by flight, or otherwise."</p>
+
+<p>To show that a similar custom and belief, though varying in some
+particulars, are found upon the continent of Europe, I give the
+following extract:</p>
+
+   <p class="blockquot">"In Lithuania, when the master or mistress of the house dies, it
+   is considered necessary to give notice of the fact to the bees,
+   horses, and cows, by rattling a bunch of keys; and it is
+   believed, that if this were omitted the bees and cattle would
+   die."&mdash;See the <i>Journal of Agriculture. Highland and Agricultural
+   Society of Scotland</i>, Oct. 1848, p. 538.</p>
+
+<p>One word more of bees: "His head is full of bees" is a Scotch proverb,
+said of a drunkard. (Ray's <i>Proverbs</i>, p. 198.) "He has a bee in his
+head" is an English proverb. So, "He has a bee in his bonnet." What is
+the meaning? As I was writing the last lines I said to a friend who was
+lounging in his arm-chair by our fireside, "Why is a drunkard's head
+said to be full of bees?" "I don't know," he answered, "unless it is on
+account of their <i>humming</i>. You remember," he added,</p>
+
+<div class="poem">
+
+     <p>"With a pudding on Sundays, with stout <i>humming</i> liquor,</p>
+   <p>   And remnants of Latin to welcome the vicar."</p>
+
+</div>
+
+<p>The half-hour bell rang before we had done talking of and repeating
+parts of V. Bourne's "The Wish." Many a time has
+ "N<span class="smcap lowercase">OTES AND</span> Q<span class="smcap lowercase">UERIES</span>"
+given subjects for talk in our family before and after dinner.</p>
+
+ <p class="right"> F. W. T.</p>
+
+<p>Oliver, in his account of Cherry-Burton (<i>History</i><a id="Page_309"></a><span class="pagenum">[309]</span> <i>of Beverley</i>,
+p. 499.), speaks thus on the superstitious practice of informing bees,
+and putting them in mourning on the occasion of a death in the family:</p>
+
+  <p class="blockquot">"The inhabitants entertain a superstitious belief, that when the
+  head of a family dies, it is necessary to clothe the bees in
+  mourning on the funeral day to ensure the future prosperity of the
+  hive."</p>
+
+<p>He then refers to an instance, and says:</p>
+
+ <p class="blockquot"> "A scarf of black crape was formally applied to each bee-hive; and
+  an offering of pounded funeral biscuit, soaked in wine, was placed
+  at its entrance."</p>
+
+<p>In a note, he accounts for the ceremony's origin by a quotation from
+Porph. <i>De Ant. Nymp.</i>, p. 261., in which honey is spoken of as being
+"anciently a symbol of death." For other notices of superstitions in
+reference to bees, see Hone's <i>Mysteries</i>, pp. 220. 222. 283.</p>
+
+<p class="right"> R. W. E<span class="smcap lowercase">LLIOT</span>.</p>
+
+<p>I was lately informed by a native of Monmouthshire, that the belief
+relative to bees is entertained in that and some of the adjacent
+counties even by educated persons. My informant gravely assured me that
+though the bees are aware of the approaching event, from the acuteness
+of their organs of smell, they require to be duly and timely
+communicated with on the subject, to induce them to remain with the
+survivors; but if this be neglected, they will desert their hives, and
+disappear. The propriety or necessity of offering them any refreshment
+was not stated.</p>
+
+ <p class="right">Y<span class="smcap lowercase">UNAF</span>.</p>
+
+<p>The custom mentioned by L. L. L. still prevails in the Weald of Surrey
+and Sussex; probably through all the southern counties; but certainly in
+the Isle of Wight, where the writer only the other day, on noticing an
+empty apiary in the grounds of a villa, was told that the country people
+attributed its desertion to the bees not having had this formal notice
+of their master's death.</p>
+
+<p>The same superstition is practised in some parts of France, when a
+mistress of the house dies; the formula being much like our English one,
+<i>i.e.</i> to tap thrice on the hive, repeating these words, "Petits
+abeilles, votre ma�tresse est morte."</p>
+
+ <p class="right">A. D.</p>
+
+
+<h4><span><i>Bees invited to Funerals.&mdash;North Side of Churchyards.</i></span></h4>
+
+<p>&mdash;At Bradfield, a
+primitive village on the edge of the moors, in the parish of
+Ecclesfield, I was informed by a person of much intelligence, that a
+custom has obtained in the district from time immemorial&mdash;"for hundreds
+of years" was the expression used&mdash;of inviting bees to funerals; and
+that an instance could be produced of the superstition having been
+practised even within the last year. What is done is this. When a death
+occurs, a person is appointed to call the neighbours to the funeral, who
+delivers the invitations in one form of words: "You are invited to the
+funeral of A. B., which is to take place at such an hour, on such a day;
+and there will be dinner on table at &mdash;&mdash; o'clock." And if it should
+happen that bees were kept in the garden of the house where the corpse
+lies (not an unlikely thing near moors), the messenger is instructed to
+address the same invitation to the bees in their hives; because it is
+considered that, if this compliment be omitted, the bees will die.</p>
+
+<p>I asked the sexton of Bradfield why, in a churchyard that was rather
+crowded with graves, there was no appearance of either mound or
+tombstone on the north side? His only answer was, "It's mostly them 'at
+died i' t' workhus is buried at t' backside o' t' church." An instance,
+but no explanation of the prejudice entertained against the north side
+of churchyards.</p>
+
+ <p class="right"> A<span class="smcap lowercase">LFRED</span> G<span class="smcap lowercase">ATTY</span>.</p>
+
+<p>In answer to your correspondent L. L. L. respecting bee etiquette, I can
+inform him, from my personal observation, that the ceremony of informing
+the bees of their owner's death is in full force in Ashborne,
+Derbyshire, Hinton, Wilts, and even in the highly intellectual city of
+Oxford. The ceremony is the same in all these places. Three taps are
+made on the hives with the house-key, while the informant repeats:
+"Bees, bees, bees, your master is dead, and you must work for &mdash;&mdash;,"
+naming the future owner. A piece of black crape is then fastened to the
+hive. Many bee owners think it is politic to inform the bees of the
+death of a relation: but in this case they never give the name, but the
+degree of relationship; as "your master's brother, sister, aunt, &amp;c. is
+dead." On weddings the bees always expect to be informed of the
+auspicious event, and to have their hive decorated with a wedding
+favour.</p>
+
+ <p class="right"> J. G. W<span class="smcap lowercase">OOD</span>.</p>
+
+ <p class="left"> Oxford.</p>
+
+
+<h4><span><i>Ashton Faggot: A Devonshire Custom.</i></span></h4>
+
+<p>&mdash;The ashton faggot is burned on
+Christmas eve. The faggot is composed entirely of ash timber, and the
+separate sticks or branches are securely bound together with ash bands.
+The faggot is made as large as can conveniently be burned in the
+fireplace, or rather upon the floor, grates not being in use. A numerous
+company is generally assembled to spend the evening in games and
+amusement, the diversion being heightened as the faggot blazes on the
+hearth, as a quart of cider is considered due, and is called for, and
+served upon the bursting of every hoop or band bound round the faggot.
+The timber being green and elastic, each band generally bursts open with
+a smart report when the individual stick or hoop has been partially
+burned through.</p>
+
+
+
+<h4><span><i>Offerings to the Apple-trees: Devonshire Superstition.</i></span></h4>
+
+<p>&mdash;It was a
+custom in Devonshire, and probably in some of the adjoining counties
+also, to perform the following ceremonial on Old Christmas Eve, or
+Twelfth Day, namely: In the<a id="Page_310"></a> <span class="pagenum">[310]</span> evening the farmer's family and
+friends being assembled, hot wheat-flour cakes were introduced, with
+cider; and this was served round to the company, the cake being dipped
+in the cider, and then eaten. As the evening wore on, the assembled
+company adjourned into the orchard, some one bearing hot cake and cider
+as an offering to the principal tree in the orchard; the cake was
+deposited on a fork of the tree, and the cider was then thrown over it,
+the men firing off muskets, fowling-pieces, pistols, &amp;c., the women,
+girls, and boys shouting and screaming to the trees with all the
+excitement of young Indians the following rhyme:&mdash;</p>
+
+<div class="poem">
+
+     <p> "Bear blue, apples and pears enoug';</p>
+      <p>Barn fulls, bag fulls, sack fulls. Hurrah! hurrah! hurrah!"</p>
+
+</div>
+
+<p>Query, Do these customs prevail to this day either in Devonshire or in
+other European countries?</p>
+
+ <p class="right"> R. R.</p>
+
+
+
+<h3><span>POETICAL IMITATION.</span></h3>
+
+
+<p>It has always been a pleasing office of criticism, to observe how often
+an excellent thought, having sprung from some master mind, or from some
+inferior mind in a happy moment, has been used by succeeding writers.</p>
+
+<p>Homer,</p>
+
+<div class="poem">
+
+        <p class="i5">  "� quo, ceu fonte perenni,</p>
+     <p> Vatum Pieriis ora rigantur aquis,"</p>
+
+</div>
+
+<p class="noindent">has, in <i>Il.</i> v. 406. <i>et seq.</i>, the following lines:</p>
+
+<div class="poem">
+
+<p>"<span title="[Greek: N�pios, oude to oide kata phrena Tydeos hyios
+ Hotti mal' ou d�naios, hos athanatoisi machoito,
+ Oude ti min paides poti gounasi pappazousin,
+ Elthont' ek polemoio kai ain�s d��ot�tos]">&#925;&#8053;&#960;&#953;&#959;&#962;, &#959;&#8016;&#948;&#8050; &#964;&#8056; &#959;&#7990;&#948;&#949; &#954;&#945;&#964;&#8048; &#966;&#961;&#8051;&#957;&#945; &#932;&#965;&#948;&#8051;&#959;&#962; &#965;&#7985;&#8056;&#962; </span></p>
+<p>&#8013;&#964;&#964;&#953; &#956;&#8049;&#955;' &#959;&#8016; &#948;&#951;&#957;&#945;&#953;&#8056;&#962;, &#8003;&#962; &#7936;&#952;&#945;&#957;&#8049;&#964;&#959;&#953;&#963;&#953; &#956;&#8049;&#967;&#959;&#953;&#964;&#959;, </p>
+<p>&#927;&#8016;&#948;&#8051; &#964;&#8055; &#956;&#953;&#957; &#960;&#945;&#8150;&#948;&#949;&#962; &#960;&#959;&#964;&#8054; &#947;&#959;&#8059;&#957;&#945;&#963;&#953; &#960;&#945;&#960;&#960;&#8049;&#950;&#959;&#965;&#963;&#953;&#957;, </p>
+<p>&#7960;&#955;&#952;&#8057;&#957;&#964;' &#7952;&#954; &#960;&#959;&#955;&#8051;&#956;&#959;&#953;&#959; &#954;&#945;&#8054; &#945;&#7984;&#957;&#8134;&#962; &#948;&#951;&#970;&#959;&#964;&#8134;&#964;&#959;&#962;."</p>
+
+</div>
+
+<p>"The son of Tydeus is foolish and rash, nor is aware that he who fights
+with the immortals is not long-lived, and that <i>no children, as he
+returns from war and strife, gather round his knees to call him
+father</i>."</p>
+
+<p>The idea of children saluting their parent at his knees, has been
+adopted, and accompanied with various additions, by several subsequent
+authors. Among the writers in Homer's language, however, we find no
+imitation of it, unless the following lines of Callimachus can be
+regarded as taken from it:</p>
+
+<div class="poem">
+
+             <p class="i3"> "<span title="[Greek: Patros ephezomen� gonatessi
+ Pais eti kourizousa, tade proseeipe gon�a,
+ Dos moi partheni�n ai�nion, appa, phylassein]">&#928;&#945;&#964;&#961;&#8056;&#962; &#7952;&#966;&#949;&#950;&#959;&#956;&#8051;&#957;&#951; &#947;&#959;&#957;&#8049;&#964;&#949;&#963;&#963;&#953;</span></p>
+<p>&#928;&#945;&#8150;&#962; &#7956;&#964;&#953; &#954;&#959;&#965;&#961;&#8055;&#950;&#959;&#965;&#963;&#945;, &#964;&#8049;&#948;&#949; &#960;&#961;&#959;&#963;&#8051;&#949;&#953;&#960;&#949; &#947;&#959;&#957;&#8134;&#945;, </p>
+<p>&#916;&#8057;&#962; &#956;&#959;&#953; &#960;&#945;&#961;&#952;&#949;&#957;&#8055;&#951;&#957; &#945;&#7984;&#8061;&#957;&#953;&#959;&#957;, &#7940;&#960;&#960;&#945;, &#966;&#965;&#955;&#8049;&#963;&#963;&#949;&#953;&#957;."</p>
+</div>
+
+<p class="noindent">"She (<i>Diana</i>), yet a child, sitting sportively on the knees of her
+father, said to him, Allow me, dear parent, to preserve a perpetual
+virginity."</p>
+
+<p>In the Latin writers the thought occurs several times. The first in whom
+it is found is Lucretius:</p>
+
+<div class="poem">
+
+      <p>"At jam non domus adcipiet te l�ta, neque uxor</p>
+      <p>Optuma, nec dulces obcurrent oscula natei</p>
+      <p>Pr�ripere, et tacit� pectus dulcedine tangent."</p>
+
+<p class="author"><span class="smcap lowercase">III</span>. 907.</p>
+
+</div>
+
+<p class="noindent">"But thy cheerful home shall no more receive thee, nor thy excellent
+wife; nor shall thy sweet children run to snatch kisses from thee, and
+touch thy breast with secret delight."</p>
+
+<p>In whose steps Virgil treads:</p>
+
+
+   <div class="poem">
+<p> "Interea <i>dulces pendent circum oscula nati</i>;</p>
+      <p>Casta pudicitiam servat domus."</p>
+<p class="author"><i>Geo.</i> <span class="smcap lowercase">II.</span> 523.</p>
+
+</div>
+
+
+    <div class="poem"> <p> "His cares are eased with intervals of bliss;</p>
+      <p>His little children climbing for a kiss,</p>
+   <p>   Welcome their father's late return at night;</p>
+      <p>His faithful bed is crown'd with chaste delight."</p>
+
+<p class="author">  Dryden.</p>
+
+</div>
+
+
+<p class="noindent">(Virgil liked the expression <i>dulces nati</i>. He has</p>
+
+<div class="poem">
+
+      <p>"Nec mihi jam patriam antiquam spes ulla videndi,</p>
+
+      <p>Nec <i>dulces natos</i> exoptatumque parentem."</p>
+
+<p class="author"><i>�n.</i> <span class="smcap lowercase">II</span>. 137.</p>
+
+      <p>"Nec <i>dulces natos</i>, Veneris nec pr�mia n�ris?</p>
+
+<p class="author"> <i>�n.</i> <span class="smcap lowercase">IV.</span> 33.</p>
+
+      <p>"Sed tota in <i>dulces</i> consument ubera <i>natos</i>."</p>
+
+ <p class="author"><i>Geo.</i> <span class="smcap lowercase">III.</span> 178.)</p>
+
+</div>
+
+<p>Statius, doubtless, had both Lucretius and Virgil in his view, when he
+wrote,</p>
+
+<div class="poem">
+
+      <p>"Rursus et ex illis soboles nova; grexque protervus</p>
+     <p> Nunc <i>humeris irreptet avi</i>, nunc agmine blando</p>
+     <p> Certatim placid� <i>concurrat ad oscula</i> Poll�."</p>
+
+<p class="author"><i>Silv.</i> <span class="smcap lowercase">III.</span> i. 179.</p>
+
+</div>
+
+<p class="noindent">"Again from them springs a new race; a forward little troop, which
+sometimes climb on the shoulders of their grandfather, and sometimes, in
+pleasing congress, run to catch a kiss from the gentle Polla."</p>
+
+<p>Seneca, <i>Thyest.</i> <span class="smcap lowercase">I.</span> 145., has another imitation:</p>
+
+<div class="poem">
+
+      <p>"Exceptus gladio parvulus impio,</p>
+     <p> Dum <i>currit patrium natus ad osculum</i>,</p>
+   <p>   Immatura focis victima concidit."</p>
+
+</div>
+
+<p class="noindent">"The little Pelops, met by the impious sword, while he was running to
+receive his father's kiss, fell a premature victim on the hearth."</p>
+
+<p>Claudian, <i>Rapt. Proserp.</i> <span class="smcap lowercase">III.</span> 173., has another:</p>
+
+<div class="poem">
+
+               <p class="i3"> "H�c post cunabula dulci</p>
+      <p>Ferre sinu, summoque Jovi deducere parvam</p>
+      <p>Sueverat, <i>et genibus ludentem aptare paternis</i>."</p>
+
+</div>
+
+<p class="noindent">"She was accustomed to bear the little infant, after it had slept in its
+cradle, in her fragrant bosom, to present it to almighty Jove, and to
+place it sporting on its father's knees."</p>
+
+<p>But the best adaptations and expansions of the thought have been among
+the writers of our own country. The earliest allusion to it, I believe,
+occurs in Thomson's description of the traveller lost in the snow:</p>
+
+<div class="poem">
+
+      <p>"In vain for him th' officious wife prepares</p>
+      <p>The fire fair-blazing, and the vestment warm;</p>
+      <p>In vain his little children, peeping out</p>
+     <p> Into the mingling storm, demand their sire</p>
+      <p>With tears of artless innocence! Alas!</p>
+     <p> Nor wife, nor children, more shall he behold,</p>
+     <p> Nor friends, nor sacred home.</p>
+<p class="author"><i>Winter</i>, 311.</p>
+
+</div>
+
+
+<p><a id="Page_311"></a> <span class="pagenum">[311]</span> But this is a less pointed imitation than that of Gray, which succeeded
+it. Gray had his eye on Lucretius:</p>
+
+<div class="poem">
+
+     <p> "For them no more the blazing hearth shall burn,</p>
+        <p class="i3">Or busy housewife ply her evening care;</p>
+      <p>No children run to lisp their sire's return,</p>
+     <p class="i3">Or climb his knees the envied kiss to share."</p>
+
+</div>
+
+<p>Next followed Collins, in his Ode on the Superstitions of the Highlands,
+who, however, seems to have had Thomson chiefly in view:</p>
+
+<div class="poem">
+
+    <p>"For him, in vain, his anxious wife shall wait,</p>
+  <p class="i3"> Or wander forth to meet him on his way;</p>
+     <p> For him, in vain, at to-fall of the day,</p>
+   <p class="i3"> His babes shall linger at th' unclosing gate:</p>
+     <p> Ah! ne'er shall he return."</p>
+
+</div>
+
+<p>To him succeeded Dyer:</p>
+
+<div class="poem">
+
+     <p> "The little smiling cottage, when at eve</p>
+      <p>He meets his rosy children at the door,</p>
+      <p>Prattling their welcomes, and his honest wife,</p>
+   <p>&mdash;&mdash;&mdash;&mdash;&mdash;&mdash;&mdash;&mdash;&mdash;&mdash;&mdash;&mdash;&mdash;&mdash;&mdash;&mdash; intent</p>
+      <p>To cheer his hunger after labour hard."</p>
+
+<p class="author"><i>Fleece</i>, Book I. 120.</p>
+
+</div>
+
+<p>Burns has a picture equal to any of these:</p>
+
+<div class="poem">
+
+     <p> "At length his lonely cot appears in view</p>
+ <p class="i3"> Beneath the shelter of an aged tree:</p>
+     <p><i>Th' expectant wee things, todlin', stacher through</i></p>
+ <p class="i3"><i>To meet their dad with flichterin' noise and glee:</i></p>
+ <p class="i3">His wee-bit ingle blinkin' bonnilie,</p>
+     <p>   His clean hearth-stane, his thrifty wifie's smile,</p>
+ <p class="i3">    <i>The lisping infant prattling on his knee</i>,</p>
+     <p>   Does a' his weary carking cares beguile,</p>
+     <p> And makes him quite forget his labour and his toil."</p>
+
+<p class="author"> <i>Cotter's Saturday Night.</i></p>
+
+</div>
+
+<p>Burns may have taken the thought from Gray, or some other English
+source. But he has not disgraced it by his mode of treating it.</p>
+
+<p>Allen Ramsay, in his <i>Gentle Shepherd</i>, has a very pretty allusion to
+children, which I have not at hand to consult, but which concludes with,</p>
+
+<div class="poem">
+
+     <p> "While all they ettle at, their greatest wis',</p>
+      <p>Is to be made o', and obtain a kiss."</p>
+
+</div>
+
+
+    <p class="right">J. S. W.</p>
+
+  <p class="left">Stockwell.</p>
+
+
+
+<h3><span>A GLOUCESTER DITTY.<br />
+(<i>From an Old Broadside without date.</i>)</span></h3>
+
+<div class="poem">
+
+     <div class="stanza">
+
+ <p class="indh">Come, my very merry gentle people, only list a minute,</p>
+     <p class="indh">For tho' my song may not be long there's something comic in it;</p>
+     <p class="indh">A stranger I, yet, by the bye, I've ventured in my ditty,</p>
+     <p class="indh">To say a word at parting, just in praise of Gloucester city.</p>
+
+</div>
+
+     <div class="stanza">
+
+ <p class="indh">The Romans they this city built, and many folks came down here,</p>
+     <p class="indh"> Kings Richard, Henry, John, and Ned, did visit Glo'ster town here;</p>
+     <p class="indh"> King William dined each Christmas here, and Glo'ster folks it pleases,</p>
+     <p class="indh"> To know the food he relished most was double Berkeley cheeses.</p>
+
+</div>
+
+      <div class="stanza">
+
+ <p class="indh"> The ladies, Heaven bless 'em all! as sure as I've a nose on,</p>
+     <p class="indh">In former times had only thorns and skewers to stick their clothes on;</p>
+     <p class="indh">No damsel then was worth a pin, whate'er it might have cost her,</p>
+     <p class="indh"> Till gentle Johnny Tilsby came, and invented pins in Glo'ster.</p>
+
+</div>
+
+      <div class="stanza">
+
+ <p class="indh"> Your fine cathedral when I saw, tho' much I was delighted,</p>
+     <p class="indh"> Yet in the whisp'ring gallery I got most sadly frighted;</p>
+     <p class="indh">Some question there I asked myself, when not a soul was near me,</p>
+     <p class="indh">  And suddenly an answer came, as if the walls could hear me.</p>
+
+</div>
+
+     <div class="stanza">
+
+<p class="indh">The Severn full of salmon fine enriches low and high land,</p>
+     <p class="indh">And then, for more variety, you've got a little island;</p>
+     <p class="indh">Of which I've read a Taylor's Tale, a dozen verses long, sirs,</p>
+     <p class="indh"> And may I go to Old Harry, if it's not a clever song, sirs.</p>
+
+</div>
+
+      <div class="stanza">
+
+ <p class="indh">George Ridler's oven, I've been told, contains some curious jokes, sirs,</p>
+     <p class="indh"> And much of it is said by many Glo'ster folks, sirs;</p>
+     <p class="indh">But ovens now are serious things, and from my soul I wish, sirs,</p>
+     <p class="indh"> Your ovens here many ne'er want bread to fill the poor man's dish, sirs.</p>
+
+</div>
+
+      <div class="stanza">
+
+ <p class="indh">Now if you will but all forgive this slight attempt at rhyme, sirs,</p>
+     <p class="indh">I'll promise, like the little boys, to mend another time, sirs;</p>
+     <p class="indh">May health, with every blessing, join this company to foster,</p>
+     <p class="indh">Till, with your leave, some future time I come again to Glo'ster.</p>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+
+
+
+<h3><span>GEORGE RIDLER'S OVEN.<br />
+(<i>From a Broadside.</i>)</span></h3>
+
+<div class="poem">
+
+      <div class="stanza">
+
+ <p class="indh">The stwons that built George Ridler's oven,</p>
+      <p class="indh"> And thauy keum from the Bleakeley's Quaar;</p>
+      <p class="indh"> And George he wur a jolly old mon,</p>
+      <p class="indh"> And his yead it grawed above his yare.</p>
+
+</div>
+
+      <div class="stanza">
+
+      <p class="indh">One thing of George Ridler I must commend,</p>
+      <p class="indh">And that wur vur a notable theng;</p>
+      <p class="indh"> He meud his braags avoore he died,</p>
+      <p class="indh">Wi' ony dree brothers his zons should zeng.<a id="Page_312"></a> <span class="pagenum">[312]</span></p>
+
+</div>
+
+    <div class="stanza">
+
+<p class="indh">There's Dick the Treble and John the Mean,</p>
+      <p class="indh">(Let ev'ry mon zeng in his auwn pleace)</p>
+      <p class="indh"> And George he wur the elder brother,</p>
+      <p class="indh">And therevoore he would zeng the Beass.</p>
+
+</div>
+
+     <div class="stanza">
+
+ <p class="indh">Mine Hostess' moid (and her neaum 'twur Nell),</p>
+      <p class="indh"> A pretty wench, and I loved her well;</p>
+      <p class="indh"> I loved her well, good reazun whoy,</p>
+      <p class="indh"> Because zhe loved my dog and I.</p>
+
+</div>
+
+      <div class="stanza">
+
+<p class="indh">My dog is good to catch a hen,</p>
+      <p class="indh">A duck or goose is vood vor men;</p>
+      <p class="indh">And where good company I spy,</p>
+      <p class="indh"> O thether gwoes my dog and I.</p>
+
+</div>
+
+      <div class="stanza">
+
+<p class="indh">My mother told I when I wur young,</p>
+      <p class="indh">If I did vollow the strong beer pwoot,</p>
+      <p class="indh">That drenk would pruv my auverdrow,</p>
+      <p class="indh">And meaak me vear the thread bare cwoart.</p>
+
+</div>
+
+      <div class="stanza">
+
+<p class="indh">My dog has gotten sich a troick,</p>
+      <p class="indh">To visit moids when thoiy be zick;</p>
+      <p class="indh">When thoiy be zick and loik to die,</p>
+      <p class="indh">O, thether gwoes my dog and I.</p>
+
+</div>
+
+      <div class="stanza">
+
+<p class="indh">When I have dree zixpences under my thumb,</p>
+      <p class="indh">O, then I be welcome wherever I keum;</p>
+      <p class="indh">But when I have none, O then I pass by,</p>
+      <p class="indh"> 'Tis poverty pearts good company.</p>
+
+</div>
+
+      <div class="stanza">
+
+<p class="indh">If I should die as it may hap,</p>
+      <p class="indh">My greauve shall be under the green yeal tap;</p>
+      <p class="indh">In voulded earmes there wool us lie,</p>
+      <p class="indh">Cheek by jowl, my dog and I.</p>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<p>The foregoing is a very famous old Gloucestershire ballad, corrected
+according to the fragments of a MS. found in the Speech-house of Dean
+several centuries ago, and used to be sung at the meetings of the
+Gloucestershire Society, a charitable institution held at the Crown and
+Anchor in the Strand.</p>
+
+<p>Both these ballads are literally copied from the Broadsides.</p>
+
+  <p class="right">H. G. D.</p>
+
+
+
+
+<h3><span>THE CAXTON COFFER.</span></h3>
+
+<p>The biographers of Caxton may be divided into two classes; those who
+wrote before the publication of the <i>Typographical
+antiquities</i>,
+ <span class="smcap lowercase">A.D.</span> 1749, and those who wrote after that date. The same distinction may be
+made with regard to those who have incidentally noticed his life or
+publications.</p>
+
+<p>The principal writers of the first period are Leland, Bale, Stow, Pits,
+Fuller, Nicolson, Middleton, Birch, Oldys, Lewis and Tanner. At the
+present moment, I must content myself with a critical remark on the mode
+in which Leland has been so often quoted. The first passage contains the
+expression to which I allude.</p>
+
+ <p class="blockquot"> (1.) "Gulielmus Caxodunus, <i>Angli� prototypographus</i>, h�c, aut
+  similia his, Anglice refert" etc.</p>
+
+  <p class="blockquot">(2.) "Quanquam priusquam id, quod modo sum pollicitus, pr�stitero,
+  non alienum meo erit instituto palam facere <i>Gulielmum Caxodunum</i>,
+  hominem nec indiligentem, nec indoctum, <i>et quem constat primum</i>
+  L<span class="smcap lowercase">ONDINI</span> <i>artem exercuisse typographicam</i>, Chauceri opera, quotquot
+  vel pretio vel precibus comparare potuit, in unum volumen
+  collegisse."</p>
+
+<p>The incidental expression <i>Angli� prototypographus</i> has been considered
+as a proof that Leland discredited the typographical claims of Oxford.
+The second quotation conveys an opposite notion. I tax no one, however,
+with unfairness, but ascribe the oversight to reliance on the <i>Index
+scriptorum � Joanne Lelando laudatorum</i>, which refers only to the first
+quotation.</p>
+
+ <p class="right">B<span class="smcap lowercase">OLTON</span> C<span class="smcap lowercase">ORNEY</span>.</p>
+
+
+
+
+<h3><span class="bla">Minor Notes.</span></h3>
+
+<h4><span><i>Note on the Duration of Reigns.</i></span></h4>
+
+<p>&mdash;As Mr. Clinton and others have
+endeavoured to invalidate Newton's conclusions with respect to the
+length of reigns, by examples from modern history, I have made a Note on
+that subject which may be of use. Taking in the times which may be
+supposed most to resemble those to which the question refers, we find in
+England, from Alfred to the Conquest, 13 kings in 166 years:</p>
+
+<p>From 1066 to 1272 8&nbsp;kings 206&nbsp;yrs.</p>
+<p>From 1272 to 1837 27&nbsp;[kings] 565&nbsp;[yrs.] An average on the
+ whole of 19-<span class="topnum">1</span>/<span class="botnum">2</span> years.</p>
+
+<p>If we add the time from Egbert, 5 kings, 73 yrs., the average becomes 19
+yrs.</p>
+
+<p>The average from 1272 is only 21.</p>
+
+
+ <p> In France 559 to 814   18&nbsp;kings    255&nbsp;yrs.</p>
+ <p> [In France] 814 [to]  1830   47&nbsp;[kings]     1016&nbsp;[yrs.] Average
+ 19-<span class="topnum">1</span>/<span class="botnum">2</span>.</p>
+
+<p>Average from 814 only 21-<span class="topnum">1</span>/<span class="botnum">2</span>.</p>
+
+<p>In Germany 840 to 1835 50 emper. 995 yrs. Average not 20.</p>
+
+<p>Turks 1299 to 1808, 30 sover. 509 yrs. Average 17.</p>
+
+<p>Scotland 1057 to 1567, 20 kings 510 yrs.
+ Average 25-<span class="topnum">1</span>/<span class="botnum">2</span></p>
+
+<p>Spain 1479 to 1833, 14 kings 354 yrs. Average 25.</p>
+
+<p>Portugal 1102 to 1826, 27 kings 724 yrs.
+ Average not 21.</p>
+
+<p>Denmark 1157 to 1839, 28 kings 672 yrs. Average 25.</p>
+
+<p>Russia 1722 to 1825, 9 sover. 103 yrs.
+Average 11-<span class="topnum">1</span>/<span class="botnum">2</span> yrs.</p>
+
+<p>Total: 294 sovereigns, 6085 years; being an
+average of about 20-<span class="topnum">2</span>/<span class="botnum">3</span>,
+although including the latest times. It is evidently unfair to take
+recent times only, as Hales, Clinton, &amp;c. do.</p>
+
+<p class="right">A<span class="smcap lowercase">LTRON</span>.</p>
+
+
+
+<h4><span><i>Cock and Bull Story.</i></span></h4>
+
+<p>&mdash;One of your correspondents, in a late reply
+(Vol. iv., p. 243.), alludes to "a marvellous or <i>cock and bull</i> story."
+Query, as to the origin of this saying. From an early number of the
+<i>Phonetic Journal</i> made the following Note.</p>
+
+<p>Dr. Burgess, a Methodist preacher, who often indulged in pointed
+remarks, perceiving some young men attending his preaching, whose
+behaviour<a id="Page_313"></a> <span class="pagenum">[313]</span> plainly showed that amusement was their only object,
+turned his discourse, and addressed himself particularly to them as
+follows:&mdash;</p>
+
+ <p class="blockquot"> "Young men, I know you are come to hear a story, and I will tell
+  you one. There was once a man, a cock, and a bull, who, being
+  intimate, agreed to travel together. They had not gone far on
+  their journey when they found themselves on the brink of a river,
+  which they had determined to cross, but could discover neither
+  bridge nor ferry. After a consultation it was agreed the cock
+  should first make the attempt of crossing the water, which he did
+  without much difficulty; the bull afterwards plunged into the
+  stream, and by mere strength waded through. The man, not being
+  able to swim, was afraid to follow his companions; and while they
+  were encouraging him from the other side to get over, he was
+  observed to cut some osiers which grew by the water-side. Perhaps
+  you imagine these were intended to form a vehicle for conveying
+  him across the river? No such thing, I assure you. What other
+  purpose could he design them for? I will tell you, young men; it
+  was to lash the backs of those fools who chose to hear a story of
+  a cock and a bull, rather than the word of God."</p>
+
+<p class="right"> P<span class="smcap lowercase">HILIP</span> S. K<span class="smcap lowercase">ING</span>.</p>
+
+
+
+<h4><span>"<i>Multa renascentur</i>," <i>&amp;c.</i></span></h4>
+
+<p>&mdash;To show how stories are made standing
+dishes with what we may call <i>current sauce</i> (no pun intended), take the
+following:&mdash;If we believe anything to have happened in our own day, that
+is, in Liverpool or Castlereagh time, it is the anecdote of the
+borough-monger who would answer nothing to the excuses of the minister,
+except "There are five of us." This story was told as an old one in the
+<i>Telegraph</i> in 1798; and a long dialogue was given between Lord
+Falmouth, who wanted the Captaincy of the Yeomen of the Guard, and Henry
+Pelham, who had promised it elsewhere. To all the poor minister could
+say, the peer could only answer, "There are <i>seven</i> of us." I hope that,
+in an age when coincidences are sought for, Wordsworth will not be
+suspected of plagiarism.</p>
+
+<p>Again, what reader of gossip does not know that when George III. went to
+Weymouth, the Mayor, in making his address, mistook the private
+directions of his prompter for parts of his address, and gave it the
+King as follows:&mdash;"Hold up your head, and look like a man&mdash;what the
+&mdash;&mdash; do you mean?... By &mdash;&mdash;, Sir, you'll ruin us all." This story was
+told in a newspaper in 1797, as having happened between James II. and
+the Mayor of Winchester.</p>
+
+<p>In the <i>Monthly Magazine</i> in 1798, is a paper on peculiarities of
+expression, among which are several which we flatter ourselves belong to
+our own time. For instance, "to <i>cut</i> a person," which was then current:
+some tried to change it into <i>spear</i>, but failed. Also, to <i>vote</i>, as in
+"he voted it a bad lounge;" and the words <i>bore</i>, <i>done up</i>, <i>dished</i>,
+&amp;c.; not forgetting <i>spilt</i> for "upset" in a carriage.</p>
+
+<p>The parliamentary phrases of "catching the speaker's eye," "being upon
+his legs," "meeting the ideas of the house," "committing himself,"
+"taking shame to himself," "being free to confess," "putting a question
+roundly," "answering it fairly," "pushing an investigation," are all
+noted as then worthy of remark. And, if we are to trust the article
+cited, the word <i>truism</i> was born and bred in the House of Commons, in
+the sense of a forcible and undeniable truth. And the same origin is
+given to the idiom "in my own mind" as in "I feel no doubt, in my own
+mind,..."</p>
+
+<p class="right"> M.</p>
+
+
+<h4><span><i>Corruptions recognised as acknowledged Words.</i></span></h4>
+
+<p>&mdash;I recollect two curious
+historical instances of mere vulgar mis-pronunciation, which have
+established themselves in use; perhaps others of your readers may
+mention more, which it would be interesting to trace to their origin.</p>
+
+<p><i>Massaniello</i> is universally recognised as the name of the celebrated
+Neapolitan insurrectionist, who at one time nearly overturned the
+government of that kingdom. How few who use the word are aware that
+"Mas-Aniello" is but a corruption of <i>Thomas Aniello</i>, so pronounced by
+his vulgar companions, and now raised to the dignity of an historical
+name.</p>
+
+<p><i>Hougoumont</i> is a conspicuous feature of the great field of Waterloo,
+and a name familiarly used in speaking of the famous battle; in course
+of time it will be forgotten that this is a mere mistake, said to have
+originated with the great general who achieved the victory, catching up
+from the peasantry around, the sound of <i>Chateau Goumont</i>, the real name
+of the little rural demesne in question. Nobody doubts, however, the
+right of the "Great Duke" to call a place he has made so famous by any
+name he might please to apply, and so <i>Hougoumont</i> it will remain while
+history lasts.</p>
+
+<p class="right"> A. B. R.</p>
+
+
+
+
+
+<h2><span class="bla">Queries.</span></h2>
+
+
+<h3><span>MARY QUEEN OF SCOTS AND BOTHWELL'S CONFESSION.</span></h3>
+
+
+<p>Although Mr. Cosh, at p. 248. of his admirable work on <i>The Method of
+Divine Government</i>, observes on the rapidity with which females descend
+to the depths of sin, the old apothegm, "Nemo repenti turpissimus fuit,"
+recurs when thinking of Mary Queen of Scots, and leads me to ask the
+following question. Permit me to preface it with a remark. Mary is
+represented by all contemporary and subsequent writers to have been,
+from her earliest years to the death of Darnley, worthily beloved for
+her amiable qualities of heart and her superiority of intellect, and
+then to have fallen suddenly into an abyss of sin and wickedness,
+comprising domestic treason, murder, perjury, the subornation of
+perjurers, adultery, the conniving<a id="Page_314"></a> <span class="pagenum">[314]</span> at divorce without adequate
+grounds, and all the other crimes connected with such proceedings; and
+then, after fifteen months of such a desperate course, to have risen to
+her former elevation, and have passed the remainder of her life with
+dignity, calmness, resignation, and in the habitual exercise of sincere
+piety, and to have met her death with a degree of heroism which has
+secured the admiration of posterity, and strengthened the doubts of her
+being guilty of the crimes imputed to her. The whole controversy, from
+Buchanan to Bell, is, I take for granted, known to your readers. Your
+publication is not the place suited to an examination of such mental
+operations, which are without a historical prototype, and without a
+known parallel. If any light can be thrown on any part of this subject,
+it becomes an act of historical justice, a work of Christian charity to
+Mary, and an illustration of the workings of the mind in a great
+emergency.</p>
+
+<p>The late Chevalier Bronsted, of whose learning and accuracy his
+arch�ological works bear record, and whose straightforward simplicity of
+mind was highly estimated by all who knew him, had read in manuscript
+the second part of the confession of Bothwell, made previous to his
+death. I think the manuscript was in the private cabinet of the King of
+Denmark. In that confession he owned to have <i>violated</i> the person of
+Mary, and that she became enceinte; that she miscarried, and immediately
+took measures to rid herself of him. Concluding that event to have
+transpired, there seems to be some clue to her forwarding the discussion
+of her council, and acquiescing in their request to marry Bothwell. A
+young queen, surrounded by ruffians, barbarians, and selfish and
+unprincipled leaders of factions, placed in a situation in which every
+feeling of the woman was outraged, every sentiment lacerated, her
+honour, her station, her life in jeopardy, her memory liable to
+degradation and disgrace, in terror, having in such extremity no friend
+to whom she could apply for advice and succour, she may have been
+induced to adopt means for her safety which, if injudicious, were
+excusable. My request is, to learn if any of your correspondents have
+seen or are cognisant of this very curious and important document.</p>
+
+ <p class="right">�<span class="smcap lowercase">GROTUS</span>.</p>
+
+
+
+
+<h3><span class="bla">Minor Queries.</span></h3>
+
+<h4><span>229. "<i>'Tis Twopence now," &amp;c.</i></span></h4>
+
+<p>&mdash;Can any of your correspondents tell me
+where the following lines are to be found?&mdash;</p>
+
+<div class="poem">
+
+      <p class="indh">"At length in an unearthly tone I heard these accents drop,</p>
+<p class="indh">  'Sarvice is done, 'tis tuppence now for them as wants to stop.'"</p>
+
+</div>
+
+<p>I met with them in a newspaper (I think the <i>Morning Herald</i>) between
+twenty and thirty years ago, but I believe they have been transferred to
+that sheet from the pages of some periodical. The lines above given are
+the concluding lines of the piece; the preceding lines were devoted to
+the description of the dying away of the tones of the organ, and the
+musings of the poet amongst the tombs in Westminster Abbey.</p>
+
+<p>R<span class="smcap lowercase">EMIGIUS</span>.</p>
+
+
+
+<h4><span>230. <i>Scythians blind their Slaves.</i></span></h4>
+
+<p>&mdash;Can any of your correspondents
+explain to me the reason why, according to Herodotus, the Scythians used
+to blind their slaves? The passage is in chapter ii. book iv. I believe
+the reasoning to be hopelessly unreasonable, and have always been told
+that it is so, though I have met with many who have read the chapter
+again and again without even noticing the difficulty. The question is
+this:&mdash;What are we to supply in thought in order to connect the practice
+of blinding the slaves with the process of milking the mares, and
+stirring the milk to separate the cream or butter from it? Is it thus?
+The Scythians only feed cattle, and have no other use for slaves than to
+stir the milk, which they can do when blinded, at the same time that
+they are unable to escape, having been deprived of sight, and so their
+masters have not the trouble of watching them. This does not satisfy me;
+nor will it, I think, satisfy any one else.</p>
+
+
+ <p class="right"> T<span class="smcap lowercase">HEOPHYLACT</span>.</p>
+
+ <p class="left"> Blackheath.</p>
+
+
+
+<h4><span>231. <i>The "Gododin."</i></span></h4>
+
+<p>&mdash;In the Note on "The Antiquity of Kilts,"
+M<span class="smcap lowercase">R</span>. S<span class="smcap lowercase">TEPHENS</span> quotes the <i>Gododin</i>, an ancient poem, or poems, on which there
+is great diversity of opinion regarding its contents. The <i>Gododin</i> was
+written or composed by Aneurin, in the dialect of the Northumbrian
+Britons, about the year 510, according to Llwyd. It is evident that a
+work of this description, with the usual accidents attending on
+transmission, must necessarily be somewhat obscure at the present day.
+Indeed, it appears to be so much so, that there are two very different
+versions; one giving it as the description of a battle, in which the
+intoxicated Britons were easy victims to the swords of the "stranger;"
+the other version, by the Rev. E. Davies, refers it to the "Brad y
+Cyllyll Hirion," (or, Plot of the Long Knives), or massacre of the
+British chiefs at Stonehenge, during a feast. Now as this event is
+stated to have occurred in 472, the Dinogat of Aneurin is not the
+Dinogat of 577. Moreover Davies describes him as Octa, a son of the
+Saxon Hengist. As M<span class="smcap lowercase">R</span>. S<span class="smcap lowercase">TEPHENS</span> does not follow this version, and as he
+has given considerable attention to those subjects, perhaps he is
+enabled to decide this <i>questio vexata</i>. It should be observed that
+Davies accompanies his version with reasons that give it much weight.</p>
+
+
+ <p class="right">G<span class="smcap lowercase">OMER.</span></p>
+
+
+<h4><span>232. <i>Frontispiece to Hobbes's Leviathan.</i></span></h4>
+
+<p>&mdash;There are curious
+circumstances about this frontispiece<a id="Page_315"></a> <span class="pagenum">[315]</span> which some of your readers
+may explain. The figure of Leviathan represents the upper part of a man
+with a crown on his head, a sword in his right hand, and a crozier in
+his left, the body and arms being made up of small human figures in
+various dresses. In the common editions the face has a manifest
+resemblance to Cromwell (the work was published in 1651), although it
+wears, as I have said, a regal crown. But in the copy belonging to
+Trinity College Library, the face appears to be intended for Charles I.
+The engraving of this copy is very much worse than the other, and is not
+worked into the same careful detail by the artist, though the outline is
+the same: and the text of the book is a separate and worse impression,
+though the errata are the same with the other copies, as well as the
+date. How Hobbes himself, or any other person, should come to print the
+Leviathan in this manner, it seems difficult to explain.</p>
+
+<p>I have also a small French translation of Hobbes, <i>De Corpore Politico</i>,
+dated 1652, which has a similar figure for a frontispiece, but with an
+upright sword in the right, and a balance in the left, hand.</p>
+
+ <p class="right">W. W.</p>
+
+ <p class="left"> Cambridge.</p>
+
+
+
+<h4><span>233. <i>Broad Arrow or Arrow Head.</i></span></h4>
+
+<p>&mdash;What is the origin of the arrow head
+as a government mark?</p>
+
+   <p class="right">&#8599;</p>
+
+
+
+<h4><span>234. <i>Deep Well near Bansted Downs.</i></span></h4>
+
+<p>&mdash;Mr. Robert Hooke, professor at
+Gresham College, writing in 1674, says he has&mdash;</p>
+
+  <p class="blockquot">"seen at a gentleman's house, not far from Bansted-Downs in
+  Surrey, a well which is dug through a body of chalk, and is near
+  360 feet deep, and yet dry almost to the very bottom."</p>
+
+<p class="noindent">Is this well still known, and can any of your correspondents vindicate
+its situation, and give any particulars relating to it? The pamphlet in
+which it is mentioned is curious, for it is "an attempt to prove the
+motion of the earth [in its orbit] from observations." It will be
+observed that the work was written in the year 1674.</p>
+
+ <p class="right"> W. S. G.</p>
+
+ <p class="left">  Newcastle-upon-Tyne.</p>
+
+
+
+<h4><span>235. <i>Upton Court.</i></span></h4>
+
+<p>&mdash;About nine miles from Reading, on the road to
+Newbury, and removed about two miles from the high road, is an ancient
+manor house called Upton Court. It is most curious as to architecture,
+and is a most interesting specimen of the houses of the gentry of former
+days. It belonged to a Catholic family of the name of Perkins. The
+chapel, in the house, and the hiding-place for priests, can still be
+seen. It is said that Pope wrote the <i>Rape of the Lock</i> there. I should
+be glad to know if any of your correspondents can confirm this fact from
+authentic evidence.</p>
+
+  <p class="right">A. E.</p>
+
+
+
+<h4><span>236. <i>Derivation of Prog.</i></span></h4>
+
+<p>&mdash;In Vol. iv., p. 175., <i>Pirog</i> is stated to
+be the Russian custom of the mistress of a family distributing on
+certain occasions bread or cake to her guests.</p>
+
+<p>Query, Is this the origin of our slang word <i>prog</i>, meaning provisions?</p>
+
+   <p class="right"> J. S<span class="smcap lowercase">S</span>.</p>
+
+
+
+<h4><span>237. <i>Metrical History of England.</i></span></h4>
+
+<p>&mdash;I am nearly an octogenarian,
+consequently I ought to have something better, and humbly hope I have
+something better, to employ my thoughts than relics of old ditties and
+forgotten rhymes. Still the recurring questions of numerous
+grandchildren compel one to resort to long forgotten lore, and to
+request those whose memory still survives to compensate for the
+deficiencies of my own. I am particularly anxious to recover my lapsis
+in the following metrical, yet <i>logical</i>, history of England, which I
+have long ago forgotten:</p>
+
+<div class="poem">
+
+      <p>"William and William, and Henry and Stephen,</p>
+      <p>And Henry the Second, <i>to make the First even</i>."</p>
+
+</div>
+
+<p class="noindent">If either M<span class="smcap lowercase">R</span>. H<span class="smcap lowercase">ALLIWELL</span>,
+or D<span class="smcap lowercase">R</span>. R<span class="smcap lowercase">IMBAULT</span>, will favour me, they will
+confer a great obligation, and add much to the hilarity of my ensuing
+Christmas table.</p>
+
+ <p class="right"> M<span class="smcap lowercase">�RIS</span>.</p>
+
+
+
+<h4><span>238. <i>Finger Pillories in Churches.</i></span></h4>
+
+<p>&mdash;Besides some interesting
+monuments, &amp;c., to be found in the church of Ashby-de-la-Zouch, there
+stands under the western gallery a <i>finger pillory</i>, or stocks to
+confine the fingers only: it is fastened at its right-hand extremity
+into the wall, and consists of two pieces of oak; the bottom and fixed
+piece is three feet eight inches long; the width of the whole is four
+and a half inches, and when closed it is five inches deep: the left-hand
+extremity is supported by a leg of the same width as the top, and two
+feet six inches in length; the upper piece is joined to the lower by a
+hinge, and in this lower and fixed horizontal part are thirteen
+perpendicular holes, varying in size; the largest are towards the right
+hand: these holes are sufficiently deep to admit the finger to the
+second joint, and a slight hollow is made to receive the third one,
+which lies flat; there is of course a corresponding hollow in the top or
+movable part, which, when shut down, incloses the whole finger.</p>
+
+<p>Its use is stated to have been for the punishment of persons guilty of
+mal-practices during divine service: truly, a mischievous urchin, or a
+lout of a farm servant, dragged off to the stocks, must have been a
+scene extremely edifying to the congregation, particularly if the
+offenders were obstreperous, and had no inclination whatever to be in a
+fix.</p>
+
+<p>Query, Is there another known instance of stocks for the fingers alone,
+and applied to similar purposes?</p>
+
+ <p class="right"> T<span class="smcap lowercase">HOS.</span> L<span class="smcap lowercase">AWRENCE</span>.</p>
+
+ <p class="left">Ashby-de-la-Zouch.</p>
+
+
+
+<h4><span>239. <i>Stallenge Queries.</i></span></h4>
+
+<p>&mdash;1. What was the christian name, birth, and
+parentage of the Stallenge<a id="Page_316"></a> <span class="pagenum">[316]</span> who planted the mulberry trees at Sion
+House at the commencement of the seventeenth century?</p>
+
+<p>2. What was the name of the <i>first wife</i> of that Sir Nicholas Stallenge
+who, towards the close of the sixteenth century, married as his <i>second
+wife</i> Florence Kenn, widow of Sir Christopher Kenn, of Kenn, in the
+county of Somerset?</p>
+
+<p>3. What city or castle in England was Sir Thomas Stallenge his son
+governor of?</p>
+
+<p>4. What was the name of the wife of the said Sir Thomas Stallenge?</p>
+
+  <p class="right"> M. C. U.</p>
+
+
+
+<h4><span>240. <i>Ancient MS. History of Scotland.</i></span></h4>
+
+<p>&mdash;In the year 1796, there was in
+the possession of the Rev. Robert Rennie, minister of Kilsyth,
+Stirlingshire, an old MS. which that gentleman (in Sir John Sinclair's
+<i>Statistical Account</i>) thus describes:&mdash;</p>
+
+  <p class="blockquot">"It seems to be a chronicle of Scotland. The most of it is
+  legible. It takes up the history of Scotland at the Christian era,
+  and contains a regular series of all the remarkable events in
+  every king's reign, with the name of the kings, down to the year
+  1565. I have compared it with many histories and annals of
+  Scotland, but am of opinion that it is an original, and not a
+  copy."</p>
+
+<p>Can any of your correspondents give any additional information regarding
+it?</p>
+
+ <p class="right"> A<span class="smcap lowercase">BERDONIENSIS</span>.</p>
+
+
+
+<h4><span>241. <i>Pharetram de Tutesbit.</i></span></h4>
+
+<p>&mdash;Can you tell me the meaning of <i>Pharetram
+de Tutesbit</i> and <i>sagittas flectatas</i> in the following?</p>
+
+
+  <p class="blockquot">"William de Gresely tenet manerium de Drakelow in Com. Derby in
+  Capite, et reddit unum arcum sine corda, et unum Pharetram de
+  Tutesbit, et duodecim Sagittas flectatas, et unum
+  buzonem."&mdash;Blount's <i>Tenures</i>.</p>
+
+ <p class="right">H. N. E.</p>
+
+ <p class="left"> Bitton Vicarage, Oct. 1851.</p>
+
+
+
+<h4><span>242. <i>Inundation at Deptford.</i></span></h4>
+
+<p>&mdash;In Lysons' <i>Environs of London</i>, vol.
+iv. p. 359., it is stated that in the year 1671 a great inundation
+happened at and near Deptford, which did much mischief, so that the
+inhabitants were obliged to retire in boats to the upper town, and that
+an account of it was extant in a small pamphlet published at the time.
+If any of your correspondents could inform me where a copy of this is to
+be met with, or give me any further particulars concerning the
+occurrence, I should feel very much obliged.</p>
+
+ <p class="right"> W. H. H<span class="smcap lowercase">ART</span>.</p>
+
+ <p class="left">New Cross.</p>
+
+
+
+<h4><span>243. <i>Butler's Sermons.</i></span></h4>
+
+<p>&mdash;In the account of Bishop Butler, attached to
+his works, mention is made of MS. sermons, from which those which have
+been published were selected. Is it known if there are any writings of
+his in existence, and where they are? His executor was Dr. Nathaniel
+Foster.</p>
+
+ <p class="right"> L.</p>
+
+
+
+<h4><span>244. <i>Coleridge's Christabel.</i></span></h4>
+
+<p>&mdash;Can any one familiar with the <i>Coleridge
+Papers</i> inform me whether the following is a veritable fragment of the
+poet's own continuation of <i>Christabel</i>, or perhaps of one of those
+conclusions (some serious, some jocose) which we owe to Tupper, Moir,
+and Maginn?</p>
+
+<div class="poem">
+
+<div class="stanza">
+
+      <p class="indh">"This was the lovely lady's cry&mdash;</p>
+      <p class="indh"> 'Holy One! who camest to die,</p>
+      <p class="indh">Camest, yea, to die for me</p>
+      <p class="indh"> Who have despite done to Thee&mdash;</p>
+      <p class="indh">And didst feel the proud man's scorn,</p>
+      <p class="indh">And the woe of one forlorn&mdash;</p>
+      <p class="indh">Whose heavenly eyes were brimmed with tears</p>
+      <p class="indh">For the sorrows of human years;</p>
+      <p class="indh"> Whose holy hands were pierced through,</p>
+      <p class="indh">Whose feet long toil and travel knew,</p>
+       <p class="indh"> Who felt all grief, all wild despair,</p>
+      <p class="indh">That the race of man may ever bear.</p>
+      <p class="indh">  O look down from thy placid sky,</p>
+      <p>  Upon a maiden worn with woe,</p>
+      <p class="indh"> Who in snowy chastity,</p>
+       <p> Has passed the years of life below!</p>
+      <p class="indh"> O let no spirit of affright,</p>
+      <p class="indh">Visit me this ghastly night!'</p>
+
+</div>
+
+     <div class="stanza">
+
+  <p class="indh"> "So she prayed: and listening,</p>
+  <p class="indh"> Stood beside the magic spring,</p>
+  <p class="indh"> But only heard the brookless plash,</p>
+  <p class="indh">And the berries fall from the mountain ash,</p>
+  <p class="indh">And the cry of birds in the woods away,</p>
+  <p class="indh"> And the step of the roe over lichens gray."</p>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+
+ <p class="right">  M<span class="smcap lowercase">ORTIMER</span> C<span class="smcap lowercase">OLLINS</span>.</p>
+
+
+
+<h4><span>245. <i>Epigram ascribed to Mary Queen of Scots.</i> </span> </h4>
+
+<p>&mdash;When the Queen visited
+the library of Trinity College, Dublin, in 1849, she was shown an early
+edition of Sallust, which had belonged to Mary Queen of Scots, and has
+her autograph signature, and many MS. notes and a MS. Latin epigram,
+<i>supposed</i> to be her Majesty's composition. The volume is a small
+quarto, title <i>Opera Sallustiana</i>, with the date 1523, and a colophon:</p>
+
+ <p class="blockquot"> "Impressus per Antonium Blanchard anno domini M. quingentessimo
+  xxiii. pridie Kalend. Sextilis."</p>
+
+<p class="noindent">But on a page following the title there appears&mdash;</p>
+
+  <p class="blockquot">"Ex officina nostra caleographa Parrhisiis pridie Kalendas
+  Novembris anni hujus M. CCCCC quarti."</p>
+
+<p class="noindent">The volume was presented to the College library by Mr. Croker, as
+appears by a <i>dono dedit</i> in his handwriting, and by the following note
+in that of the learned Dr. Barrett:&mdash;</p>
+
+  <p class="blockquot">"This book, which formerly belonged to Mary Queen of Scots, was
+  presented by James I. to Bishop Hall (fol. 90.), and presented to
+  this library, July 26, 1800, by John Wilson Croker, F.C., A.B."</p>
+
+<p>The presentation by James to the Bishop is thus recorded:&mdash;</p>
+
+ <p class="blockquot"> "Hunk [sic] librum Jacobus rex dono dedit amico suo reverendo
+  Doctori Hall."</p>
+
+<p>These details may interest bibliographers, as I do not find any notice
+of this edition in Dibdin, or any other work within my reach<a id="reach2"></a><a title="Go to footnote 2." href="#fn2" class="fnanchor">[2]</a> but the
+main<a id="Page_317"></a> <span class="pagenum">[317]</span> object of my curiosity is the Latin epigram in the Queen's
+hand, and supposed (I suspect erroneously) to be her composition. The
+lines are:</p>
+
+<div class="poem">
+
+      <p>"S�pe me� dixi 'tandem discede' puell�&mdash;</p>
+        <p class="i3">In gremio sedit protinus illa meo;</p>
+      <p> S�pe 'pudet' dixi; Lacrimis vix illa retentis</p>
+       <p class="i3"> 'Me miseram cur te,' dixit 'amare pudet?'"</p>
+
+</div>
+
+<p class="footnote"><a id="fn2"></a><a title="Return to text." href="#reach2" class="label">[2]</a> [See
+ Panzer's <i>Annales Typog.</i>, vol. vii. p. 335.]</p>
+
+<p>The obvious reason for doubting <i>ex facie</i> that this is the Queen's
+composition, is its masculine character; but some of your many learned
+correspondents may be able to say whether the verses are to be found
+elsewhere, and attributed to any other author?</p>
+
+<p>I myself have not seen the volume for above fifty years; but the
+foregoing extracts have been furnished me by a friend who lately
+examined it. One curious particular, however, I remember. The capital
+letters at the head of the several divisions of the work are, after the
+manner of the time, ornamented with <i>devices</i>, and one of these, which
+Queen Mary <i>must</i> have seen (if <i>she</i>, indeed, wrote the MS. notes), is
+of a most grotesque character, totally unfit for a lady's, or indeed for
+any body's eye; and I dare say <i>that</i> page was not exhibited in 1849.</p>
+
+      <p class="right">C.</p>
+
+
+
+
+<h3><span class="bla">Minor Queries Answered.</span></h3>
+
+<h4><span><i>Meaning of Farlieu.</i></span></h4>
+
+<p>&mdash;Devonshire leases for lives often reserve a money
+payment on the death of each life as a "heriot" or "farlieu." Can you
+inform me of the etymology and meaning of the latter word? it appears
+almost synonymous with "heriot."</p>
+
+ <p class="right"> C<span class="smcap lowercase">LERICUS</span>.</p>
+
+  <p class="blockquot">[Bailey, in his <i>Dictionary</i>, says "<i>Farleu</i> or <i>Farley</i> is a duty
+  of sixpence paid to the lord of the manor of West Slapton in
+  Devonshire, in the western parts; <i>farleu</i> being distinguished as
+  the best good thing from <i>heriot</i> the best beast."]</p>
+
+
+
+<h4><span>"<i>History of Anglesey.</i>"</span></h4>
+
+<p>&mdash;I would be glad if any of your readers can
+afford me any information regarding the writer of a work bearing the
+following title:&mdash;</p>
+
+  <p class="blockquot">"A History of the Island of Anglesey, from its first Invasion by
+  the Romans, until finally acceded to the Crown of England, &amp;c.
+  Serving as a Supplement to Rowlands' Mona Antiqua Restaurata. To
+  which are also added, Memoirs of Owen Glendower, 4to. Lond. 1775,
+  pp. 88."</p>
+
+<p>Watt, in his <i>Bibliotheca Britannica</i>, ascribes to Dr. John Campbell,
+author of a <i>Political Survey of Great Britain</i>, &amp;c., &amp;c., the
+authorship of a little world entitled&mdash;</p>
+
+<p class="blockquot">  "A true and exact Description of the Island of Shetland, &amp;c.
+  Together with an account of the Great White Herring Fishery of
+  that place, 12 mo. Lond. 1750, and 2d ed. 1753."</p>
+
+<p class="noindent">In the preface the writer states that he spent five years in Shetland.
+Now I want to know if Dr. Campbell ever spent five years in Shetland;
+for if not, he could not be the author, though it would appear from vol.
+i. p. 679. of the <i>Political Survey</i> that he had at least visited
+Shetland more than once. Also, as I have only the second edition, if any
+one would be so kind as to give me a copy of the title-page of the first
+edition, and the number of pages, I would feel obliged, as I suspect
+that in both these respects the editions differ.</p>
+
+ <p class="right"><span title="[Greek: Boreas.]">&#914;&#959;&#961;&#949;&#945;&#962;.</span></p>
+
+<p class="blockquot">  [The following is a copy of the title-page of the first edition of
+  the latter work:&mdash;"An Exact and Authentic Account of the greatest
+  White Herring Fishery in Scotland, carried on yearly in the Island
+  of Zetland, by the Dutch only. The Method the Dutch use in
+  catching the Herrings, and an exact account of their way of
+  curing, and lasting, or casking them. And a Method laid down
+  whereby we may easily engross that profitable branch of trade into
+  our own hands. To which is prefixed a Description of the Island,
+  its situation, produce, the manners and customs of the
+  inhabitants, and their method of trading with the Dutch. By a
+  Gentleman who resided Five Years on the Island. London: Printed
+  for Joseph Davidson, at the Angel, in the Poultry, 1750." Pp. 34,
+  and a Preface to the Candid Reader of three pages.]</p>
+
+
+
+<h4><span><i>The Word "Rile."</i></span></h4>
+
+<p>&mdash;May I add to the <i>East-Anglian Vocabulary</i> the
+adjective <i>rile</i> == muddy? "The water is too <i>rile</i> to drink" was the
+remark of a servant the other day. The verb <i>to rile</i> is given in
+Forby's <i>Vocabulary</i>.</p>
+
+ <p class="right"> C<span class="smcap lowercase">HARLES</span> T<span class="smcap lowercase">HIRIOLD</span>.</p>
+
+ <p class="blockquot"> [Is not <i>rile</i> a corruption of the American colloquialism <i>royle</i>
+  or <i>roil</i>, to make turbid by stirring up the sediment, or to make
+  angry? Theodore de la Guard, in <i>The Simple Cobler of Aggawam</i>, p.
+  2. <span class="smcap lowercase">A.D.</span> 1647, says: "Sathan is now in his passions, he feeles his
+  passion approaching: he loves to fish in <i>royled</i> waters."]</p>
+
+
+
+
+<h2><span class="bla">Replies.</span></h2>
+
+
+<h3><span>WINCHESTER EXECUTION.<br />
+(Vol. iv., pp. 191. 243. 284.)</span></h3>
+
+<p>The pathetic story of a person sentenced to death for sheep-stealing,
+winning the heart of the gaoler by a long course of good conduct, and
+executed at last on the "death-warrant" being found in the office, is
+utterly apocryphal. There has not been such a thing as a death-warrant
+in England for centuries, except in London and Middlesex (where the
+recorder communicated the pleasure of the crown to <i>spare</i> certain
+prisoners, and leave others to their fate, in an instrument improperly
+so called), and in the special case referred to hereafter. It was
+necessary, when sentence was pronounced by Commissioners of Oyer and
+Terminer, that a precept under their hands and seals should be made out;
+but in the case of Commissioners of Gaol Delivery the entry on record of
+the judgement of the court is sufficient; and though a calendar is now
+made out, and delivered to the<a id="Page_318"></a> <span class="pagenum">[318]</span> sheriff, specifying the several
+sentences or acquittals of all the prisoners in gaol, yet it is not
+necessary. Lord Hale says:</p>
+
+  <p class="blockquot">"<i>Rolle</i> would never subscribe any such calendar, but would
+  command the sheriff openly in court to take notice of the
+  judgments and orders of what kind soever, and command the sheriff
+  to execute them at his peril."</p>
+
+<p class="noindent">And, until a few years ago (when the law requiring murderers to be
+executed the day next but one after sentence was repealed), murderers
+were executed on verbal authority only, as no calendar was made out
+until the close of the assizes, some time after the execution. The
+special case above referred to is, when a person was tried by the Court
+of Peers before the Lord High Steward, in which case that officer issued
+a precept for execution. But if the trial be in parliament, a writ for
+execution issues under the Great Seal, as in the case of Lord William
+Russell.</p>
+
+<p>Having demolished one story, I feel bound to give you another.</p>
+
+<p>The Crown never directs execution, but respites it either to a day
+fixed, or during her Majesty's pleasure, which last is what is commonly
+called a <i>reprieve</i>. A late learned Baron is said to have respited an
+unlucky criminal on whose fate he hesitated, once, twice, thrice, till,
+having lost his reckoning, he wrote to this effect:</p>
+
+  <p class="blockquot">"I do not know whether John Smith's respite has expired; if it
+  has, it is no matter; if not, let the execution be further
+  respited until the &mdash;&mdash; day of &mdash;&mdash; next."</p>
+
+  <p class="right"> A. B.</p>
+
+<p>I have seen in an Exeter paper an article taken from
+"N<span class="smcap lowercase">OTES AND</span> Q<span class="smcap lowercase">UERIES</span>," entitled "Execution under singular Circumstances," the writer
+of which is in manifest error. There is no such thing as a warrant for
+execution; I will venture to say it could not have happened as is
+therein stated. I have been repeatedly undersheriff of Devon, and
+therefore beg to state the mode in which executions take place.</p>
+
+<p>At the end of the assizes the crown-bar judge and the clerk of assize
+sit down quietly together, and go over the sentences of the prisoners,
+after which they are classed, and a fair copy signed by the clerk of the
+assize&mdash;not the judge&mdash;is delivered to the undersheriff, which is his
+only authority for carrying the different sentences into execution. If a
+man is to be hung, opposite his name is written, "Let him be hanged by
+the neck," and an asterisk is added to draw the undersheriff's
+attention. Should the man afterwards be respited, the judge, or the
+clerk of assize, writes to the undersheriff, and also (<i>ex abundanti
+cautel�</i>) to the gaoler, to say so. Should the undersheriff hear nothing
+further, he hangs the man at the end of the respite, as a matter of
+course. A reprieve comes from the secretary of state's office. At the
+end of the shrievalty this list of sentences is sent to the Court of
+Exchequer, as forming part of what is called the Bill of Cravings, and
+in which the sheriff is allowed a certain sum towards the expenses of
+the execution. What may be the practice in <i>London</i> I do not know, but
+the above would be the practice at Winchester.</p>
+
+   <p class="right"> P. J.</p>
+
+ <p class="left">Exeter, Sept. 15. 1851.</p>
+
+
+
+
+<h3><span>COCKNEY.<br />
+(Vol. iv., p. 237.)</span></h3>
+
+<p>Halliwell illustrates this word by a quotation from Nash's <i>Pierce
+Penilesse</i>, 1592:</p>
+
+<p class="blockquot">"A young heyre or <i>cockney</i>, that is his mother's darling, if hee
+  playde the waste-good at the innes of the court, or about London,
+  falles in a quarrelling humor with his fortune, because she made
+  him not king of the Indies."</p>
+
+<p>Richardson gives the following quotation from Fuller's <i>Worthies</i>:</p>
+
+  <p class="blockquot">"I meet with a double sense of this word <i>cockeney</i>.... 1st, One
+  coaks'd or cockered, made a wanton or nestle-cock of.... 2nd, One
+  utterly ignorant of husbandry and housewifery, such as is
+  practised in the country...."</p>
+
+<p>Webster gives the following derivation, &amp;c.:</p>
+
+  <p class="blockquot">"C<span class="smcap lowercase">OCKNEY</span>, <i>n.</i> [Most probably from L. <i>coquina</i>, a kitchin, or
+  <i>coquino</i>, to cook; Fr. <i>coquin</i>, idle; Fr. <i>cocagne</i>, It.
+  <i>cuccagna</i>, an imaginary country of idleness and luxury.... Hence,
+  a citizen who leads an idle life, or never leaves the city.]</p>
+
+ <p class="blockquot"> "1. A native of London, by way of contempt. <i>Watts. Shak.</i></p>
+
+    <div class="poem">
+
+<div class="stanza">
+
+<p>"'And yet I say by my soul I have no salt bacon</p>
+     <p> Ne no <i>cokeney</i> by Christe coloppes to make.'</p>
+
+</div>
+
+<div class="stanza">
+
+<p>"'At that feast were they served in rich array;</p>
+     <p> Every five and five had a <i>cokeney</i>.'"</p>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<p>Chaucer, in the above lines quoted by Webster, probably refers to any
+substantial dish of fresh meat, which might be cut in collops; possibly,
+however, to young roasted pigs, which, as every one knows, are
+continually running about, all over the land of cockaigne, with knives
+and forks stuck into them, crying, "Come eat me, come eat me."</p>
+
+<p>Whether the word cockney be derived from the the land of cockaigne, or
+the legend of cockaigne arise from cockney, it appears probable that
+both words have their origin in the same root with the verb <i>to cook</i>,
+and that the epithet originally conveyed the imputation to citizens, of
+a superfluous consumption of cooked meat; inasmuch as the inhabitants of
+large cities generally consider the daily use of fresh meat almost as a
+necessary of life, while the provincial population is content to exist
+on less nutritious food.</p>
+
+<p>Whatever may be the original import of the epithet, the modern
+application of it is, I believe, confined to the natives of the
+metropolis, and it<a id="Page_319"></a> <span class="pagenum">[319]</span> corresponds in use and signification with the
+terms <i>rustic</i> and <i>chaw-bacon</i>, which distinguish the natives of the
+provinces; the latter term being exclusively appropriated to
+agriculturalists. Epithets, apparently of similar origin, exist in the
+seaman's <i>land-lubber</i>, the landsman's <i>jack-tar</i>, the Englishman's
+<i>froggy</i>, and the Frenchman's <i>ros-bif</i>.</p>
+
+<p>Londoners themselves appear to have a theoretical notion that the
+inhabitants of Belgravia, and other enlightened metropolitan districts,
+are strictly entitled to the designation <i>cockney</i>, in virtue of their
+birth and residence within the sound of Bow-bells; but practically limit
+its application to those members of the lower, and more ignorant classes
+of the community, who traditionally retain some of the obsolete idioms,
+and other peculiarities of speech, of our Anglo-Saxon forefathers.</p>
+
+ <p class="right">A L<span class="smcap lowercase">ONDONER</span>.</p>
+
+
+
+
+<h3><span>SIR EDMUND PLOWDEN OR PLOYDEN.<br />
+(Vol. iv., p. 58.)</span></h3>
+
+<p>For the information of your correspondent
+ A T<span class="smcap lowercase">RANSATLANTIC</span> R<span class="smcap lowercase">EADER</span>, I beg
+to inform him that Sir Edmund Plowden or Ployden was 2nd son of Francis
+Plowden of Plowden, Salop, and Shiplake in Berks: a family which can
+claim its descent from the Saxon kings of England; and by a Saxon
+charter, granting lands in Salop to the family, that the family had
+large estates in that remote period. The Saxon derivation of the name
+(from the Saxon <i>Plean deen</i>, or kill the Dane) alone shows the great
+antiquity of the family; and there are few, if any, families in England
+who have retained their ancestral property so direct in the male line as
+this family. It is also connected with some of the oldest and noblest
+families in England&mdash;the Howards and Staffords are allied to this family
+by intermarriages. In the reign of Richard I. Sir Roger de Plowden was a
+crusader; and for his heroic conduct at the siege of Acre, was knighted,
+and also permitted by the king to bear on his shield the royal arms, the
+<i>fleur de lis</i>, which is retained to this day. In 9 Edward II., John de
+Plowden was by parliamentary writ, signed at Clopstow 5th March, called
+to parliament as one of the lords of the township of Plowden, Salop.
+Edmund Plowden, the great lawyer in Edw. VI. and Elizabeth's reigns, who
+was in those times called the oracle of the law, was enrolled among
+Fuller's <i>Worthies of England</i>, with Camden's Latin verses on him: "Vit�
+integritati inter homines su� professionis nulli secundus."</p>
+
+<p>He was offered by Elizabeth, whose autograph letter was until recently
+in the possession of the family, the Lord Chancellorship of England,
+with a peerage, if he would give up his creed as Catholic and turn
+Protestant; which he declined, preferring to abide by his moral
+convictions of the truthfulness of what he deemed his faith to worldly
+honour and aggrandisement. Sir Edmund died at Wanstead, county of
+Southampton, in 1659; and in possession of large estates in eleven
+parishes in England, besides his American province of New Albion. To
+each of these parishes he leaves by his will of 1655 a sum of money to
+be paid "eight days after his demise, and directs to be buried in the
+chapel of the Plowdens at Lydbury, in Salop; a stone monument, with an
+inscription in brass bearing the names of his children, and another with
+his <i>correct pedigree</i> as drawn out at his house in Wanstead." He
+appears to have gone to America about the year 1620, and remained there,
+in Virginia and New England, till about 1630. While there, his sister
+Ann was married to Sir Arthur Lake, son of Sir Thomas Lake, then
+Secretary of State to James I.; and through whose influence, we presume,
+on his return to England he was introduced to the great Lord Strafford,
+with whom it is believed he proceeded to Ireland; for in the Heralds'
+Visitation of Salop, 1632, (<i>vide</i> Sims' <i>H. Vist.</i>, Brit. Mus.), he is
+entered in the Plowden pedigree as being then in Ireland. By the
+Strafford State Papers it appears that in this year he made petition to
+Charles I. through Lord Strafford, then Lieut. and Capt.-General of
+Ireland, for the colonising of New Albion:&mdash;</p>
+
+ <p class="blockquot"> "Near the continent of Virginia, sixty leagues N. from James City,
+  without the Bay of Chesapeake, there is a habitable and fruitful
+  island, named Isle Plowden, otherwise Long Isle, with other small
+  isles between 30� and 40� of lat., about sixty leagues from the
+  main, near De la Warre Bay, where Your Majesty, nor any of your
+  Progenitors, were ever possessed of any estate, &amp;c ... to enable
+  the petitioners, their heirs and assigns, for ever to enjoy the
+  said Isle, and forty leagues square of the adjoining continent, as
+  in the nature of a County Palatine or Body Politick, by the name
+  of New Albion, to be held of your Majesty's Crown of Ireland,
+  exempt from all appeal to the Governor of Virginia, and with such
+  other additions, privileges, and dignities therein, to be given to
+  Sir Edmund Plowden, like has been heretofore granted to Sir George
+  Calvert, Knight, late Lord Calvert, in Newfoundland, together with
+  the usual grants and privileges that other Colonies have for
+  governing, &amp;c., and we agree to settle with 500 inhabitants."</p>
+
+<p>The king's warrant was given at Oatlands 24th July, 1632, granting the
+whole asked for, under the Great Seal of Ireland, signed by John Coke.
+Between this period and 1634, Sir Edmund was engaged in fulfilling the
+conditions of the warrant by carrying out the colonisation by
+indentures, which were executed and enrolled in Dublin, and St. Mary's
+in Maryland in America. In Dublin the parties were Viscount Musherry,
+100 planters; Lord Monson, 100 planters; Sir Thomas Denby, 100 planters;
+Captain Clayborne (of American notoriety) 50; Captain Balls; and
+amounting in all to 540 colonisers, beside others in<a id="Page_320"></a>  <span class="pagenum">[320]</span> Maryland,
+Virginia, and New England. The parties who joined in the petition were
+Sir John Lawrence, Knight and Baronet, who died in America; Sir Bowyer
+Worstley, Knight, and Charles Barrett, Esq.,&mdash;both died there in 1634;
+George Noble, Gent., Thomas Ribread, Roger Packe, William Inwood, and
+John Trustler. Having completed the conditions he was granted a charter,
+bearing date Oatlands, 21st June, 1634; and enrolled in Dublin in 17
+pages folio; and confirmed 24th July, 1634, in the eighth year of the
+reign of Charles I., running thus:</p>
+
+<p class="blockquot">  "And according to the tenour and effect of certain of our letters,
+  signed with our proper hand, and sealed with our seal now enrolled
+  in the Rolls of our Chancery of the said Kingdom of Ireland, We
+  have given, granted, and confirmed, and by this our present
+  Charter, for Us, our heirs, and successors, do give, grant, and
+  confirm such the before said Sir Edmund Plowden, Knight, his heirs
+  and assigns, for ever, all that entire island near the continent
+  of Terra Firma of North Virginia, called the Island of Plowden, or
+  Long Island, and lying near and between the 39� and 40� of N.
+  lat.; together with part of the continent or Terra Firma aforesaid
+  near adjoining, described to begin from the point of an angle of a
+  certain promontory called Cape Cod, from thence to the westward
+  for the space of 40�, running by the river Delaware, closely
+  following its course by the N. lat. into a certain rivulet there
+  arising from a spring of Lord Baltimore in the lands of Maryland,
+  and the summit aforesaid to the south, where it touches, joins,
+  and determines in all its breadth, from thence takes its course
+  into a square leading to the north by a right line for the space
+  of 40� to the river and port of Reachu Cod, and descends to a
+  savannah, touching and including the top of Sand Bay, where it
+  determines, and from thence towards the south by a square,
+  stretching to a savannah which passes by and washes the shores of
+  the Plowden aforesaid to the point of the promontory of Cape May
+  above mentioned, and determines where it begins." And p. 4.
+  continues: "Therefore We, for Us, our heirs, and successors, do
+  give unto the aforesaid Sir Edmund Plowden, and his heirs and
+  assigns, free and full power graciously to confer favours and
+  honours upon the well-deserving citizens and inhabitants within
+  the <i>province aforesaid with whatever titles and dignities</i> he
+  shall choose to decorate them with (in such a manner as they may
+  but now be usurped in England), and to cut and stamp different
+  pieces of gold such as shall be lawful, current, and acceptable to
+  all the inhabitants; and We command all, and enjoin other things
+  to be done in the premises which to him or them shall be seen to
+  be proper, in as free and ample a manner and form as by the
+  Society of Newfoundland and East Indies, Island of Bermuda, Bishop
+  of Durham within the Bishoprick or County Palatine of Durham; or
+  Lord Baltimore within his lands and premises of Maryland and
+  Glastonbury; or James Earl of Carlisle within the island of St.
+  Christopher and Barbadoes; or any other Governor or Founder of a
+  Colony."</p>
+
+<p>In fact, the powers granted were never exceeded by any former charter of
+the Crown: they were all but regal. Under this charter a lease, enrolled
+in Dublin, was granted by Lord Plowden in 1634 to Sir Thomas Danby for
+10,000 acres, and a release, dated 20th Dec. 1634, sealed and signed at
+St. Mary's, Maryland, and witnessed by Vall Havord and Richard Benham,
+by R. Packe for 200 acres; T. Ribread, 100; W. Inwood, 100; and John
+Trustler, 100; segregating 500 acres in trust for the "Earl of Albion,
+when they deliver up their claims or trusts in consideration for this
+grant of land; and confirmed unto Lord Francis Plowden, son and heir of
+Sir Edmund Plowden, Earl Palatine, and George and Thomas Plowden, two of
+the sons of the said Sir Edmund, Earl Palatine." Sir Edmund Plowden
+resided with his wife and family as Governor of New Albion six years;
+his eldest son, Francis, and Lady Plowden, returned to England to look
+after his father's estates in his absence: but Francis so abused the
+confidence reposed in him, as to oblige the Governor to return to
+England (leaving his sons George and Thomas as his <i>locum tenens</i>). On
+his arrival he was incarcerated in the Fleet Prison on a base charge
+emanating from his son, from which he was released by order of the
+<i>Peers Committee</i>, House of Lords; and likewise involved in a lawsuit to
+recover certain estates sold by his son, which cost him 15,000<i>l.</i>
+before he was clear. This unnatural and illegal conduct induced him to
+disinherit his son Francis; for, in the 15th of Charles I., 1st June,
+1646, Sir Edmund obtained license from the Crown to alienate from his
+son the manors of Wanstead, Southwick, and many others in the county of
+Southampton, as is enrolled in the Rolls Chapel. By his will, in the
+Prerogative Court of Canterbury, London, Sir Wm. Mason was in trust for
+Sir Edmund's second son and heir, Thomas Plowden; and also for the New
+Albion colony. And the will proceeds:</p>
+
+  <p class="blockquot">"And I think it fit that my English lands and estates shall be
+  settled and united to my Honor, County Palatine, and Province of
+  New Albion, for the maintenance of the same; and again, that all
+  my lease lands in England be sold with all convenient speed by my
+  executors and overseers herein named, and with the money arising
+  therefrom to buy good freehold, to be settled and entailed as the
+  rest of my lands are settled on my second son Thomas Plowden, and
+  the heirs male of his body lawfully begotten, or to be begotten;
+  also my County Palatine of New Albion, and Peerage as a Peer of
+  Ireland, as aforesaid, unto Thomas Plowden my son during his
+  natural life, and after his decease, to the heirs male of my son
+  Thomas, begotten or to be begotten; and again, I do enter and will
+  that my son Thomas Plowden, and, after his decease <i>his eldest
+  heir</i> in male, and, if he be under age, then his guardian, with
+  all speed after my decease do employ by consent of Sir William
+  Mason of Gray's Inn, Knight, whom I make a trustee of this my
+  plantation of New Albion; and if my son Thomas shall by fail,
+  defence, loose, agree, give, or alien any part of my
+  estates,<a id="Page_321"></a>  <span class="pagenum">[321]</span> lands, or rents in England to Francis my son, or
+  his issue, then my son shall forfeit and lose to <i>his eldest</i> son
+  all lands and estates and rents in England herein settled,
+  entailed, or given him, and to be forfeited during his life."</p>
+
+<p>George either died, or was killed, in the massacres by the Indians; as
+was also Francis, third son of Thomas, along with his wife and family,
+as alluded to in his father's will, dated 1698.</p>
+
+<p>These attacks on the infant colony were instigated by the Dutch and
+Swedes of the New Netherlands, as they called New Albion, and who did
+all they could to obstruct and thwart the Earl Palatine's plans, as is
+alluded to in <i>The Theatre of the Empire of Great Britain</i>: Speed and
+Basset, 1676, dedicated to James I.; and recommended as a most authentic
+work by Sir Richard St. George, Norroy King of Arms.</p>
+
+<p class="blockquot">  "Moreover these proceedings, upon complaint made to his late
+  Majesty, and by whom represented to the State of Holland, were
+  absolutely disowned by them, and wholly laid upon the East India
+  Company of Amsterdam. The most northerly part towards New England
+  was by his Majesty granted by patent to Sir Edmund Plowden, by the
+  name of New Albion. The most southerly towards Virginia to Sir
+  George Calvert, now Lord Baltimore, by the name of Maryland. The
+  Dutch, upon some consideration agreed on, were forthwith to have
+  quitted the place; yet, for all this, as the custom of this people
+  is never to let go any opportunity that serves their turn, whether
+  by right or wrong, they took advantage of the unhappy dissentions
+  and cruel wars that soon after happened within this nation: they
+  not only stood upon higher demands than was at first agreed on,
+  but also contrived to stir up the natives against the English,
+  that they might have the better opportunity of fixing themselves.
+  In this state things remained till his present Majesty, after his
+  restoration, resolved to send three ships of war."</p>
+
+<p>Charles II. most tyrannically, privately, without sanction from
+Parliament, and without even alluding to his father's charter to Sir
+Edmund Plowden, gave a charter of the Province to his brother James, at
+the same time creating him Duke of Albany. Before James was duly clothed
+with the powers of Governor, he sold a large portion of it to Lord
+Berkely for 65,000<i>l.</i> For years afterwards, the Duke of York's title
+was disputed, and many disturbances arose, and Chancery suits, as
+entered in the American chancery suits of that period. Lord Sutherland,
+as the colonial officer, disputed the validity of the Duke's claim. A
+greater act of injustice could hardly be perpetrated than this virtual
+abrogation of the original charter, after so many years of labour had
+been expended, charges incurred, loss of estates and relations, and the
+other evils attending planting this colony which absence from England
+gave rise to. Sir Edmund Plowden was not inferior to any of his
+co-governors in ability, fortune, position, or family. Though he made a
+greater sacrifice than any, he never received the slightest compensation
+like the other early colonisers. We conclude that family dissentions
+connected with the disinheritance of Francis Plowden, must have tended
+to facilitate Charles II.'s illegal conduct; for, in Thomas Plowden's
+Will, 1698, in the Prerogative Court of Canterbury, he alludes to his
+son-in-law, Walter Hall, illegally and forcibly retaining papers
+connected with the estates: Province of New Albion Charter, the Patent
+for the Peerage of Ireland. The first cousin of the disinherited son was
+a Col. Plowden of the Life Guards, who followed James II.'s fortunes,
+and accompanied him on his leaving England, and died as his chamberlain
+at St. Germains in France. These documents may have come into his hands,
+and have been lost in France. It is quite clear that the only estate
+which came to Thomas's eldest son James of Ewhurst was Lassam in
+Southampton, and his son James also held it; he was married to Sarah
+Chichely, daughter of Sir John Chichely, son of Sir Henry Chichely,
+formerly Governor of Virginia, the lineal descendant of Thomas, Lord
+Mayor of London, and brother of Archbishop Chichely, founder of All
+Souls, Oxford. This family is now extinct in the male, but still exist
+in the female line in the Plowden family, which is the nearest of kin of
+any family, and consequently has a stronger claim to the Fellowships of
+that college as founder's kin. There can be no question but that the
+family have a legal claim against the government for the unjust
+alienation of that province to James II.; but the loss of the charter,
+and the ignorance of the family that it was enrolled in Ireland (now
+found), prevented the heir and representative of Sir Edmund from
+claiming compensation. Nothing but an act of parliament can nullify the
+sacred rights of a charter; if it were not so, no public or private
+right would be safe a day. As to his peerage, it was litigated at the
+time, and decided in his favour; but the Commonwealth did not favour the
+restoration of titles granted by Charles I., and on the Restoration, Sir
+Edmund's papers were lost to those to whom they would have been useful.
+Notwithstanding the sarcastic and bad spirit in which Beauchamp
+Plantagenet's <i>New Albion</i> of 1648 was reviewed by Mr. Pennington of
+Philadelphia, I trust that the Americans will treat the early pioneer of
+one of the best portions of America in a more liberal spirit, and do
+justice to his memory. We have now no new worlds to discover; and the
+present race of men can hardly appreciate the labours, dangers, and
+hardships our first colonisers had to endure&mdash;but they however know the
+value of their exertions. They have secured for America one of the
+finest countries in the world, which may one day be an empire of vast
+power. Its separation from the mother country was the greatest national
+calamity that ever befell her.<a id="Page_322"></a>  <span class="pagenum">[322]</span> How fatal has it been to France;
+first for abetting clandestinely the Americans against England, and at
+last throwing away the mask, openly assisting her with her arms. Since
+then, what calamities have befallen her, and may even yet befall her.
+Had we then, as Macaulay says, had a Clive at the head of our armies,
+and a Hastings in council, that separation might either have been
+deferred, or we might have parted friendly, instead of in enmity. Had I
+time to glean it, I have no doubt I could furnish much important matter
+connected with New Albion, derived from sources within my reach.</p>
+
+ <p class="right"> A<span class="smcap lowercase">LBION</span>.</p>
+
+<p>P.S. There are two seals attached to Sir Edmund Plowden's Will; his
+private seal of the Plowdens, and his Earl's with supporters, signed
+"Albion:" the same as is given in Beauchamp Plantagenet's <i>New Albion</i>,
+1648 (King's Lib. B. Mus.).</p>
+
+
+
+<h3><span>GENERAL JAMES WOLFE.<br />
+(Vol. iv., p. 271.)</span></h3>
+
+<p>He was born in a house now inhabited by the vicar, at Westerham, Kent,
+on the 2d of January, 1727, and not, as the various notices of his life
+state, the 15th of January, 1726 (see <i>Penny Cyclop�dia</i> and other
+works). His mother's Christian name was Henrietta, and she, I believe,
+came from or near Deptford, to which place in the latter years of her
+life, she again went to reside. Wolfe was an only child; the name is
+still to be found in the neighbourhood of Westerham. Shortly after his
+birth, his parents removed to a house at the extreme end of the town,&mdash;a
+picturesque mansion it is, and is named after him Quebec House. Under
+this roof Wolfe's happiest hours were spent.</p>
+
+<p>Sir Jeffrey Amherst (a native of the same valley, Holmsdale), patronised
+him, but where first engaged I never could discover. His body was
+brought to England, and interred at Greenwich; monuments were erected to
+him in Westminster Abbey, Squerries Park, Westerham, and Westerham
+Church. The inscription on the marble tablet, erected in the latter, I
+subjoin:&mdash;</p>
+
+<div class="poem">
+
+          <div class="stanza">
+
+ <p class="i9">J<span class="smcap lowercase">AMES</span>,</p>
+ <p>  Son of Colonel Edward Wolfe, and Henrietta his Wife,</p>
+          <p class="i5">Was born in this parish, January 2d,</p>
+                    <p class="i9"> MDCCXXVII.</p>
+             <p class="i5">And died in America, Sept. 19th,</p>
+                         <p class="i9">MDCCLIX.</p>
+              <p class="i5"> Conqueror of Quebec!</p>
+</div>
+
+     <div class="stanza">
+
+ <p>"Whilst George in sorrow bows his laurelled head,</p>
+     <p> And bids the artist grace the soldier dead;</p>
+      <p>We raise no sculptured trophy to thy name,</p>
+      <p>Brave youth! the fairest in the list of fame.</p>
+      <p>Proud of thy birth, we boast th' auspicious year,</p>
+     <p> Struck with thy fall, we shed a general tear,</p>
+     <p> With humble grief, inscribe one artless stone,</p>
+      <p>And from thy matchless honours date our own."</p>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<p>His sword is preserved in the United Service Museum, and was engraved
+about two years since in the <i>Illustrated London News</i>. An old professed
+portrait of him dangles as the sign of a beer-shop in Westerham. Wolfe
+was ardently attached to Colonel Barr�, whose portrait is introduced in
+West's celebrated picture of the Death of Wolfe; another head in the
+picture is, I have been told, a likeness of a person who had been
+captured by the Indians, and was about to be scalped, when his life was
+saved by the intercession of a chief Wolfe had formerly pardoned.</p>
+
+<p>Wolfe was the youngest general ever entrusted with such a responsible
+command; but his bravery, his great humanity, his love to his troops,
+and above all, his glorious death, will render his name immortal in the
+page of British history.</p>
+
+  <p class="right"> H. G. D.</p>
+
+<p>The inclosed lines were given to me some years since by an old lady, who
+stated that they came into her possession through some relatives of the
+lady to whom they were addressed. I now much regret that I did not hear
+(or if I heard it have forgotten) the lady's name. Perhaps in the last
+letter of the series now in the hands of &#439; , some allusion may be
+found to one in whom the parting hero felt so deep an interest; at all
+events the lines may be acceptable to &#439;  or others of your readers
+desirous for some further knowledge of the private life of this
+"faithful soldier." Might not the parish register of Westerham in Kent,
+the birthplace of Wolfe, <i>possibly</i> supply his mother's maiden name, or
+some other particular as to his family connexions? His father, also
+<i>General</i> Wolfe, may perhaps have distinguished himself in "the 45," but
+James Wolfe was then barely nineteen years of age, and I have never met
+with any allusion to his taking part in that campaign. His appointment
+to the American service is said to have been the result of his display
+of military talent in Germany.</p>
+
+<div class="poem">
+
+<div class="stanza">
+
+<p class="noindent">  LINES WRITTEN AT PORTSMOUTH BY GENERAL<br />
+ WOLFE, AND PRESENTED TO HIS LADY THE<br />
+ EVENING BEFORE HIS EMBARKATION FOR THE<br />
+ SIEGE OF QUEBEC.</p>
+
+</div>
+
+    <div class="stanza">
+
+ <p>"At length too soon, dear creature,</p>
+        <p class="i3">Receive my fond adieu,</p>
+     <p> Thy pangs, oh Love, how bitter!</p>
+  <p class="i3"> Thy joys how short, how few!</p>
+      <p>No more those eyes so killing,</p>
+ <p class="i3">The melting glance repeat,</p>
+      <p>Nor bosom gently swelling,</p>
+ <p class="i3">With love's soft tumults beat.</p>
+
+</div>
+
+     <div class="stanza">
+
+ <p>"I go where glory leads me,</p>
+    <p class="i3">And dangers point the way,</p>
+     <p> Though coward love upbraids me,</p>
+  <p class="i3">Stern honour bids obey.<a id="Page_323"></a>  <span class="pagenum">[323]</span></p>
+     <p> 'Tis honour's boasting stories,</p>
+       <p class="i3">My anxious fears reprove,</p>
+      <p>And point to wealth, fame, glories,</p>
+   <p class="i3">Ah, what are these to love?</p>
+
+</div>
+
+     <div class="stanza">
+
+ <p>"Two passions vainly pleading,</p>
+       <p class="i3">My beating heart divide,</p>
+     <p> Lo, there my country bleeding,</p>
+    <p class="i3">And <i>here</i> my weeping bride.</p>
+      <p>But ah, thy faithful soldier,</p>
+     <p class="i3">Can true to either prove,</p>
+     <p> Fame fires my soul all over,</p>
+    <p class="i3">While every pulse beats love.</p>
+
+</div>
+
+      <div class="stanza">
+
+<p>"Then think where'er I wander,</p>
+    <p class="i3"> The sport of seas and wind,</p>
+     <p> No distance hearts can sunder,</p>
+    <p class="i3"> Whom mutual truth has joined.</p>
+     <p> Kind heaven the brave requiting,</p>
+     <p class="i3">Shall safe thy love restore,</p>
+     <p> With raptures crown our meeting,</p>
+      <p class="i3">And joys ne'er felt before."</p>
+
+</div>
+
+     <div class="stanza">
+
+<p>  Poor Wolfe, but poorer bride!</p></div>
+
+</div>
+
+   <p class="right">Y<span class="smcap lowercase">UNAF</span>.</p>
+
+<p>I am enabled to reply to the third Query of &#439;  from papers in my
+possession. Wolfe's commission as second lieutenant in his father's
+(Col. Edward Wolfe's) regiment of marines,<a id="marines3"></a><a title="Go to footnote 3." href="#fn3" class="fnanchor">[3]</a>  is dated 3d November,
+1741; as ensign in Col. Scipio Duroure's regiment, 27th March, 1742; as
+lieutenant in the same regiment, 14th July, 1743; as adjutant in the
+same regiment, 22d July, 1743; as captain in Barrell's regiment, 23d
+June, 1744; as major in Lord George Sackville's regiment,<a id="regiment4"></a><a title="Go to footnote 4." href="#fn4" class="fnanchor">[4]</a>  5th
+January, 1748-49; as lieut.-col. of the same regiment, 20th March,
+1749-50, and colonel by brevet, 21st Oct. 1757; colonel of the 67th
+regiment, 21st April, 1758; brigadier in America, 23d July, 1758; killed
+at siege of Quebec.</p>
+
+<p class="footnote"><a id="fn3"></a><a title="Return to text." href="#marines3" class="label">[3]</a> This
+ regiment was afterwards numbered the 1st regiment.</p>
+
+<p class="footnote"><a id="fn4"></a><a title="Return to text." href="#regiment4" class="label">[4]</a> This
+ regiment was afterwards numbered the 20th, and then
+the 67th.</p>
+
+<p>Wolfe's father, Edward Wolfe, was appointed brigadier-general, 25th
+April, 1745; major-general, 27th May, 1745, and lieut.-general, 30th
+Sept. 1747.</p>
+
+<p>If &#439;  will communicate with me personally, I may be able to furnish
+him with some other information relating to Wolfe.</p>
+
+   <p class="right">R<span class="smcap lowercase">OBERT</span> C<span class="smcap lowercase">OLE</span>.</p>
+
+<p>The following memoranda from MSS. in my care, relative to this
+distinguished man, may, perhaps, be of use to your correspondent &#439; .</p>
+
+<p>Feb. 1746, a petition (dated Feb. 1746) to the Duke of Bedford for his
+interference relative to the pay due to him as Inspector of Marines.</p>
+
+<p>Another letter, dated July 7, 1746, printed in the first volume of the
+<i>Bedford Correspondence</i>.</p>
+
+<p>Another letter, dated Feb. 16, 1747, on the same subject as the first.</p>
+
+<p>Another letter, dated Feb. 19, 1757, also printed in the <i>Bedford
+Correspondence</i>.</p>
+
+<p>Another letter, dated July 22, 1767, relative to his embarkation of a
+regiment in which he was lieut.-col.</p>
+
+<p>Another letter, dated Jan. 26, 1788, printed in the <i>Bedford
+Correspondence</i>.</p>
+
+<p>Copy of a letter to Lord George Sackville, dated Halifax, May 12.</p>
+
+  <p class="right">W. A.</p>
+
+<p>Major-General Edward Wolfe resided in one of the villas in Montague
+Walk, on the west side of Greenwich Park; afterwards the residence of
+the Hon. Mr. Lyttelton, Henry Drax, Esq., Mr. Scott, and his widow.</p>
+
+<p>In the register book of St. Alphege in Greenwich occurs this entry:</p>
+
+<div class="poem">
+
+      <p>"Major-Gen<span class="topnum">l</span> James Wolfe,
+buried Nov. 20<span class="topnum">th</span> 1759."</p>
+
+</div>
+
+<p>His body was brought to England from Quebec, and laid by the side of his
+father, Major-Gen. E. Wolfe, who was buried there on April 2, 1759.</p>
+
+<p>His mother's Christian name was Henrietta; she bequeathed 500<i>l</i>. to
+Bromley College at her death in 1765.</p>
+
+<p>The short sword worn by General Wolfe at the time of his death is in the
+United Service Institution in Scotland Yard. His military cloak is, I
+believe, kept in the Tower.</p>
+
+   <p class="right">M<span class="smcap lowercase">ACKENZIE</span> W<span class="smcap lowercase">ALCOTT</span>, M.A.</p>
+
+<p>In the church of Westerham, the place of Wolfe's birth, as well as in
+Westminster Abbey, is a cenotaph. Is it well known who was the author of
+the pleasing lines inscribed at Westerham?</p>
+
+<div class="poem">
+
+     <p> "While George in sorrow bows his laurel'd head."</p>
+
+</div>
+
+<p class="noindent">May I also ask whether the packet of autograph letters in the possession
+of your correspondent was ever shown to Southey, and whether an
+intention was not entertained by him, at one period, of writing a memoir
+of Wolfe? If these letters were unknown to Southey, I have strong
+reasons for believing that another collection of General Wolfe's letters
+exists. Would not your correspondent's collection or a selection from
+it, form a very interesting publication?</p>
+
+ <p class="right">J. H. M.</p>
+
+
+
+<h3><span>STANZAS IN CHILDE HAROLD.<br />
+(Vol. iv., pp. 223. 285.)</span></h3>
+
+<p>I am much obliged to your correspondents who have taken the trouble to
+answer my Query respecting the lines in <i>Childe Harold</i>; but I am sorry
+that you did not print one of the replies "at considerable length" to
+which you allude in your note to M<span class="smcap lowercase">R.</span> C<span class="smcap lowercase">ROSSLEY'S</span> brief one: for
+ M<span class="smcap lowercase">R</span>. C<span class="smcap lowercase">ROSSLEY'S</span> settlement of the question will hardly, I think, appear so
+satisfactory to all readers as it evidently does to him. Will you allow
+me to explain the reasons for thinking so?<a id="Page_324"></a>  <span class="pagenum">[324]</span></p>
+
+<p>In his opinion it is quite transparent that Lord Byron meant to say,
+speaking to the Ocean of its shores:</p>
+
+<div class="poem">
+
+    <p>"Thy waters wasted them when they were free,</p>
+      <p>And many a tyrant since" (has wasted them).</p>
+
+</div>
+
+<p class="noindent">But in my former letter I quoted a German translator's version of the
+lines, and he did not understand them thus; and I have just referred to
+a French translator's, and he also differs from
+M<span class="smcap lowercase">R</span>. C<span class="smcap lowercase">ROSSLEY</span>. In fact,
+his view of the matter so completely tallies with mine, that I will,
+with your permission, quote his words:</p>
+
+<p class="blockquot"> "Tes rivages sont des empires, o� tout est chang�, except�
+      toi. Que sont devenus l'Assyrie, la Gr�ce, Rome, Carthage? Tes flots
+        battaient leurs fronti�res aux jours de la libert�, comme depuis
+          sous le r�gne de plus d'un tyran."</p>
+
+<p>This passage is taken from the complete translation of Lord Byron's
+Works, published at Paris in 1836, by
+ M. Benjamin de Laroche, vol.&nbsp;i. p.&nbsp;754.</p>
+
+<p>M. de Laroche was no doubt led to form his opinion of the real meaning
+of these two lines from a careful consideration of those which
+immediately precede and immediately follow. The theme of the poet is the
+proud superiority of the ocean to human authority, and its insensibility
+to human vicissitude. He rebukes the haughty assumption that "Britannia
+rules the waves;" he refers in proof to the striking fact, that of the
+two most memorable tempests recorded in the naval history of Spain and
+England, the one aided our triumph, and the other tore the fruits of a
+triumph from us.</p>
+
+<div class="poem">
+
+      <p> "The oak leviathans, whose huge ribs make</p>
+       <p> Their clay creator the proud title take</p>
+        <p>Of lord of thee, and arbiter of war,</p>
+      <p>  These are thy toys, and, as the snowy flake,</p>
+       <p> They melt into thy yeast of waves, which mar</p>
+     <p> Alike the Armada's pride, or spoils of Trafalgar."</p>
+
+</div>
+
+<p>And then he proceeds, according to my view of the passage, and according
+to the French translator's view, to point out, that while the shores of
+the ocean are changed, the action of the ocean continues the same; that
+it wasted the empires of the ancient world when they were free, and
+wasted them when they fell under the sway of tyrants:</p>
+
+<div class="poem">
+
+    <p> "Thy shores are empires, changed in all save thee&mdash;</p>
+    <p>  Assyria, Greece, Rome, Carthage, what are they?</p>
+     <p> Thy waters wasted them while they were free,</p>
+  <p>    And many a tyrant since their shores obey."</p>
+
+</div>
+
+<p>Here there seems to be a logical sequence, which is surely not to be
+found if the semicolon is kept, as
+M<span class="smcap lowercase">R</span>. C<span class="smcap lowercase">ROSSLEY</span> wishes to keep it, after
+the word "since."</p>
+
+   <div class="poem">
+
+ <p> "Thy waters wasted them while they were free,</p>
+     <p> And many a tyrant since;"</p>
+
+</div>
+
+<p class="noindent">meaning, as he declares, that many a tyrant since has wasted them. There
+may be grammatical construction here, but what becomes of the meaning?
+The direct force of the words would surely be, that the ocean was in the
+habit of ravaging its shores in times of liberty, but that it left off
+when the tyrants began. I suppose it will be admitted that this is not
+exactly what the poet wished to convey. To his real meaning it will, I
+hope, be allowed to be essential that the statement should be made, that
+the ocean's ravages continue; and if this is not done in the fourth
+line, it is done nowhere,&mdash;the chain of reasoning is left without a
+link. To say that the ocean wasted empires once, and tyrants did it
+afterwards, is as little to the purpose as it would have been to say, in
+the preceding stanza, that the ocean destroyed the Armada, but that
+Nelson won Trafalgar. The lines become incoherent.</p>
+
+<p>I beg pardon for trespassing so long on your attention; but the question
+seems to have excited some interest, and I think the occasion may plead
+my excuse.</p>
+
+ <p class="right"> T. W.</p>
+
+<p>There is no occasion to say any more on the subject of T. W.'s doubts
+(Vol. iv., p. 223.) as to the construction of certain lines in the 182nd
+stanza: but his remarks on the substitution of the word <i>gush'd</i> for
+<i>rush'd</i>, in the 141st stanza, induce me to offer a suggestion, or
+rather ask a Query, with respect to a word in another stanza (180th) of
+the same canto, which I shall quote entire.</p>
+
+<div class="poem">
+
+      <p> "His steps are not upon thy paths&mdash;thy fields</p>
+       <p> Are not a spoil for him,&mdash;thou dost arise</p>
+      <p>  And shake him from thee; the vile strength he wields</p>
+       <p> For earth's destruction thou dost all despise,</p>
+        <p>Spurning him from thy bosom to the skies;</p>
+       <p> And send'st him, shivering in thy playful spray</p>
+        <p>And howling, to his Gods, where haply lies</p>
+       <p> His petty hope in some near port or bay,</p>
+     <p> And dashest him again to earth:&mdash;there let him lay."</p>
+
+</div>
+
+<p>The blot which disfigures the last line of this fine stanza, in the use
+of the word <i>lay</i> for <i>lie</i>, has, I believe, been often observed; but
+the question I wish to throw out for the consideration of your readers
+is, whether it is quite certain that Lord Byron really wrote, or
+intended to write, the word <i>lay</i>. The following reasons appear to me to
+render it improbable that he did. 1. His lordship is admittedly, I
+believe, a great master of the English language, and would therefore be
+very unlikely to commit the somewhat vulgar blunder of writing <i>lay</i> for
+<i>lie</i>, whatever might be the requirements of the rhyme. 2. This
+improbability is rendered much stronger by his having used the word
+<i>lies</i> in the line next but one preceding; and therefore his attention
+could hardly have been averted from the distinction between the two
+words. 3. Though not professing to be a critic, it does appear to me
+that the sense itself of the line (taking the word <i>lay</i> in the sense of
+<i>lie</i>) is weak and unmeaning, or at least far from worthy of the former
+part of the stanza.</p>
+
+<p>I am not perhaps bound to offer any emendation<a id="Page_325"></a>  <span class="pagenum">[325]</span> of the line, but
+in default of anything better I will venture to suggest that his
+lordship may have written, or intended to write, the word <i>pray</i> as the
+concluding word of the stanza. The sense, with <i>pray</i> instead of <i>lay</i>,
+would not, in my judgment, be inferior to that of the line in its
+present form; nor would it be in itself inappropriate, as allusion has
+just been made to man being sent "howling to his gods;" and, at all
+events, by the adoption of <i>pray</i>, an almost unpardonable grammatical
+error is avoided.</p>
+
+ <p class="right">P<span class="smcap lowercase">RISCIAN</span>.</p>
+
+<p>I cannot agree with T. W. as to the stanza quoted from the Hymn to the
+Ocean.</p>
+
+ <div class="poem">
+
+   <p>  "Thy waters wasted them while they were free,</p>
+     <p> And many a tyrant since" (has wasted them),</p>
+
+</div>
+
+<p class="noindent">is very good sense, and much more Byronic than the cacophonous inversion
+T. W. proposes.</p>
+
+<p><i>Blackwood's</i> criticism of this hymn (probably by the Professor) is not
+at all too severe. Noble as are some parts of it, it is full of
+cockneyisms and platitudes. What can be worse than</p>
+
+     <div class="poem">
+
+ <p>"There let him <i>lay</i>."</p>
+
+</div>
+
+<p>Again:</p>
+
+
+   <div class="poem">
+
+ <p> "Roll on, thou deep and dark blue ocean, roll!"</p>
+
+</div>
+
+<p class="noindent">is most magnificent in its sonorous march: but the next line is equally
+absurd:</p>
+
+   <div class="poem">
+
+  <p>"Ten thousand fleets sweep over thee <i>in vain</i>!"</p>
+
+</div>
+
+<p><i>In vain!</i> Why, did not Columbus discover a world? Did not Nelson make
+England's fame eternal? Do not our tea, coffee, wine, and cotton cross
+the surging seas?</p>
+
+<p>As to the "Gladiator" stanza, nobody can doubt that <i>rushed</i> is the
+right and most poetic reading. <i>Rush</i> is a strong word: <i>gush</i> a weak
+one, much hackneyed by neoteric poetasters. Byron never used <i>gush</i> in
+such a sense. Thoughts do not <i>gush</i>, though blood and water may. I
+therefore venture to differ from T. W. and his two illustrious friends.</p>
+
+ <p class="right"> M<span class="smcap lowercase">ORTIMER</span> C<span class="smcap lowercase">OLLINS</span>.</p>
+
+<p>The difficulty which your correspondent T. W. finds in Lord Byron's
+celebrated Address to the Ocean is occasioned by his having taken up a
+wrong notion of the construction at the first reading; and the solution
+of his perplexity is so obvious, when this is once pointed out, that it
+must have already occurred to many of your readers, and very probably,
+by this time, to T. W. himself. The lines that puzzle him are&mdash;</p>
+
+<div class="poem">
+
+     <p> "Thy waters wasted them while they were free,</p>
+      <p>And many a tyrant since; their shores obey</p>
+     <p> The stranger, slave, or savage."</p>
+
+</div>
+
+<p class="noindent">"What!" exclaims T. W., "The waters wasted many a tyrant? How, in the
+name of wonder?" How indeed! Probably more readers at once caught the
+sense:&mdash;</p>
+
+   <div class="poem">
+
+ <p>"<i>Thy waters</i> wasted them while they were free
+      And many <i>a tyrant</i> since&mdash;<i>has wasted them</i>."</p>
+
+</div>
+
+<p>The word "wasted" is used in a somewhat different sense in the two
+cases, but this is the price of the antithesis; and the result follows,
+that their shores <i>now</i> obey the stranger, the slave, or the savage, as
+exemplified in Greece, Asia and Africa respectively. And here we may
+observe, that the writer in <i>Blackwood's Magazine</i>, whom T. W. quotes,
+and who thinks the ocean appealed to is the world's ocean, and not the
+Mediterranean, has been just as blind to the train of thought in the
+other part as T. W. in this.</p>
+
+<p>But in the way of doing something beyond the solution of this particular
+obscurity, so far as there is any, I would remark, that Byron's efforts
+at concentration and point not unfrequently give rise to an obscurity of
+this kind; which for a moment produces a perplexity that seems laughable
+as soon as the true sense occurs to us. For instance, on first reading
+these verses in the <i>Corsair</i>,&mdash;</p>
+
+<div class="poem">
+
+ <p>  "Be the edge sharpen'd of my boarding brand,</p>
+     <p> And give its guard more room to fix my hand.</p>
+   <p>   This let the armourer with speed dispose;</p>
+     <p> Last time, it more fatigued my arm than foes:"</p>
+
+</div>
+
+<p class="noindent">I exclaimed, like T. W., "What! his sword <i>fatigued</i> his foes? What a
+most absurd expression! To be sure, one may imagine that when Conrad was
+killing his enemies one after another without stopping, they would say,
+What a <i>tiresome</i> man he is! but this does not seem to be in the vein of
+the narration." And then, reading the passage again, and considering
+that the pirate complains of the guard of his sword being too narrow, I
+saw plainly that, with whatever damage to the rhythm, the verse was to
+be read&mdash;</p>
+
+    <p class="right"> "Last time, <i>it</i> more fatigued my arm than <i>foes</i>" (did).</p>
+
+<p class="noindent">My sword, by its not fitting to my hand, fatigued my arm more than all
+the resistance that foes could offer.</p>
+
+<p>I will give another example of the same kind, again taken from the
+Pirate. In the enthusiastic description of a ship, he says:</p>
+
+<div class="poem">
+
+      <p>"Who would not brave the battle-fire&mdash;the wreck&mdash;</p>
+     <p> To move the monarch of her peopled deck?"</p>
+
+</div>
+
+<p class="noindent">"Who?" I exclaimed; "but who wants to move him? This monarch is, I
+suppose, the captain; but why should men in general wish to move <i>him</i>?"
+I suppose most of your readers see at the first what I saw at the second
+glance, that Byron meant "to move <i>as</i> the monarch of this deck," that
+is, to be the captain.</p>
+
+<p>If I have satisfied T. W. and the rest of your readers of the
+construction of the first passage, I have, I think, also shown that the
+tendency to such transient mistakes in reading Byron is not uncommon.</p>
+
+
+   <p class="right">W. W.</p>
+
+ <p class="left">Cambridge, Oct. 10. 1851.<a id="Page_326"></a>  <span class="pagenum">[326]</span></p>
+
+
+
+
+<h3><span class="bla">Replies to Minor Queries.</span></h3>
+
+<h4><span><i>MS. Note in a Copy of Liber Sententiarum</i></span>
+ <span>(Vol. iv., pp. 188. 282.).</span></h4>
+
+<p>&mdash;For the information of W. S. W. I beg to notify that the
+"mundane era" quoted by him is the Septuagint era of Venerable Bede,
+who, in his chronology of the world, uses two eras; one of which he
+calls "juxta Hebraicam veritatem," the other, "juxta septuaginta
+interpretes."</p>
+
+<p>He makes the concurrence of these with <span class="smcap lowercase">A.D.</span> 1, at the birth of Christ,
+to be respectively as follows:&mdash;</p>
+
+<div class="poem">
+
+<p class="noindent"><span class="smcap lowercase">A.M</span>.&nbsp;3952.<br />
+ <span class="smcap lowercase">A.M</span>.&nbsp;Sep.&nbsp; 5300.<br />
+ <span class="smcap lowercase">A.D.</span>&nbsp;1.</p>
+</div>
+
+<p>The two latter, as W. S. W. will perceive, are exactly in the same
+relation as those in the MS. note.</p>
+
+<p>I should also suggest that "S" may be the initial in the writer's name,
+and not "T": in which case "q&#817;. T." probably signifies "quam tribuit."</p>
+
+ <p class="right"> A. E. B.</p>
+
+<p>P.S.&mdash;Upon a second reference to the communication of W. S. W. I find
+that the above dates <i>are not</i> consistent with those quoted by him, but
+differ by exactly a hundred years: that this should be the exact
+difference is very singular, and would lead me to suspect that there
+might have been a mistake in transcription, were it not that in his
+smaller work Bede has this sentence:</p>
+
+<p class="blockquot">  "Hujus anno Dominus nascitur, completis ab Adam annis
+  3952.&mdash;<i>Juxta alios</i>, 5199."</p>
+
+
+
+<h4><span><i>Naturalis proles</i></span> <span>(Vol. iv., p. 161.).</span></h4>
+
+<p>&mdash;Undoubtedly in Latin
+<i>naturalis</i> is opposed to "adopted;" <i>e.g.</i> "P. Scipio ... <i>naturalis</i>
+consulis Paulli, <i>adoptione</i> Africani nepos." (Livy, xliv. 44.) I
+stumbled some time ago upon the following:</p>
+
+  <p class="blockquot">"The Act of Settlement by which Napoleon, Emperor of France, was
+  declared King of Italy, with the right of succession to his sons
+  <i>natural</i> or <i>adopted</i>, and male heirs.... He declared that he
+  accepted, and would defend, the iron crown; and that even during
+  his lifetime he would consent to separate the two crowns, and
+  place one of his <i>natural</i> or <i>adopted</i> sons upon the
+  throne."&mdash;Alison's <i>History</i>, chap. xxxix. �� 38, 39.</p>
+
+<p>I have no means of ascertaining whether this is a literal rendering from
+the French document. If I may trust my <i>Dictionnaire de l'Acad�mie</i>,
+this sense of the word is unknown to the French language, as well as to
+ours.</p>
+
+ <p class="right"> C<span class="smcap lowercase">HARLES</span> T<span class="smcap lowercase">HIRIOLD</span>.</p>
+
+
+
+<h4><span><i>Print cleaning</i></span> <span>(Vol. iv., p. 175.).</span></h4>
+
+<p>&mdash;The following method is given as
+infallible by Mr. Stannard in the <i>Art-Union</i> for 1847, pp. 179. 261.:</p>
+
+ <p class="blockquot"> "Immerse the print for an hour or so in a lye made by adding to
+  the strongest muriatic acid its own weight in water, and to three
+  parts of this mixture adding one of red oxide of lead, or black
+  oxide of manganese. A print, if not quickly cleaned, may remain in
+  the liquid twenty-four hours without harm. Indian ink stains
+  should in the first instance be assisted out with hot water.
+  Pencil marks, if carefully done, should be partially rubbed out
+  with India rubber or day-old bread; that is, if it can be safely
+  done, as rubbing an engraving is always hazardous. If the print
+  had been mounted, the paste on the back should be thoroughly
+  removed with warm water. The saline crystals left by the solution
+  may be removed by repeated rinsings with warm water."</p>
+
+ <p class="right">A<span class="smcap lowercase">LTRON</span>.</p>
+
+
+
+<h4><span><i>Story referred to by Jeremy Taylor</i></span> <span>(Vol. iv., pp. 208. 262.).</span></h4>
+
+<p>&mdash;My copy
+of <i>Don Quixote</i> has the following note on the passage referred to by
+Mr. C. H. C<span class="smcap lowercase">OOPER</span>:&mdash;</p>
+
+ <p class="blockquot"> "<i>Two old men appeared before Sancho</i>, etc.&mdash;I believe this story
+  is told, for the first time, in some of the Talmudic writings; but
+  Cervantes, in all probability, took it from the <i>Legenda Aurea
+  Jacobi de Voragine</i>, in which monkish collection it occurs in
+  these words:</p>
+
+  <p class="blockquot">"'Vir quidam ab uno Jud�o quamdam summam pecuni� mutuo accepit,
+  jurans super altare Sancti Nicolai quod quam citius posset sibi
+  redderet. Tenente autem illo diu pecuniam Jud�us expostulavit: sed
+  eam sibi reddidisse affirmat. Trahit ergo eum ad judicem et
+  juramentum indicitur debitori: Ille baculum cavatum quem auro
+  minuto impleverat secum detulerat, ac si ejus adminiculo
+  indigeret: Volens igitur facere juramentum Jud�o baculum tradidit
+  servandum. Juravit quod plus sibi reddiderat etiam quam debet; et
+  facto juramento baculum repetiit. Et Jud�us ignorans astuti� eum
+  sibi reddidit. Rediens autem qui fraudem fecerat in quodam bivio
+  oppressus corruit somno: Currusque eum, cum impetu veniens,
+  necuit, et baculum plenum auro fregit, et aurum effudit.'</p>
+
+ <p class="blockquot"> "The conclusion of the story is, that the Jew having received his
+  money, was earnestly entreated to acknowledge his sense of the
+  Divine interposition in his favour, by receiving baptism. He said
+  he would do so if Saint Nicholas would, at his prayer, restore the
+  dead man to life. The saint was, without much difficulty, induced
+  to do this, and the Jew became an edifying specimen of conversion.
+  See the chapter de Sancto Nicolao."&mdash;<i>The History of the Ingenious
+  Gentleman Don Quixote of La Mancha; translated from the Spanish by
+  Motteux. A new Edition, with copious Notes, &amp;c.</i> Edinburgh, 1822,
+  vol. v. p. 334.</p>
+
+<p>May not Jeremy Taylor, in the passage cited from the <i>Ductor
+Dubitantium</i> ("N<span class="smcap lowercase">OTES AND</span> Q<span class="smcap lowercase">UERIES</span>, Vol. iv., p. 208.), have been quoting
+<i>from memory</i>, and confused the Talmudic(?) legend with a well-known
+passage in Juvenal, <i>Sat.</i> xiii. 199-207.? Compare&mdash;</p>
+
+ <p class="blockquot"> "The <i>Greek</i> that denied the <i>depositum</i> of his friend, and
+  offered to swear at the altar,"</p>
+
+<p class="noindent">with</p>
+
+<div class="poem">
+
+     <p> "<i>Spartano</i> cuidam respondit Pythia vates;</p>
+      <p>Haud impunitum quondam fore, quod dubitaret</p>
+      <p><i>Depositum</i> retinere et fraudem <i>jure</i> tueri</p>
+     <p> <i>Jurando</i>."</p>
+
+</div>
+
+<p>The Spartan's name was Glaucus. The story is told at large in Herodot.
+vi. 86. See Stocker's<a id="Page_327"></a>  <span class="pagenum">[327]</span> note on Juv. <i>Sat.</i> xiii. 199. The use of
+"sibi," in the extract from the <i>Legenda Aurea</i>, is new to me. Is it
+common in monkish Latin?</p>
+
+ <p class="right"> C. F<span class="smcap lowercase">ORBES</span>.</p>
+
+  <p class="left">Temple.</p>
+
+
+
+<h4><span><i>Anagrams</i></span> <span>(Vol. iv., pp. 226. 297.).</span></h4>
+
+<p>&mdash;M<span class="smcap lowercase">R</span>. B<span class="smcap lowercase">REEN</span> put another Query
+besides "Where shall we find six good anagrams?" He asked, "How comes it
+that a species of composition once so popular should have become
+extinct?"</p>
+
+<p>Let me venture to refer M<span class="smcap lowercase">R</span>. B<span class="smcap lowercase">REEN</span> to <i>The Spectator</i> for an answer to
+this inquiry; where, in Addison's brilliant papers on "False Wit" (Nos.
+58. &amp;c.), he will find the whole family of ingenious
+quibblings,&mdash;anagrams, acrostics, chronograms, puns, bouts-rimes,
+&amp;c.,&mdash;mown down to their just level. And
+ M<span class="smcap lowercase">R</span>. B<span class="smcap lowercase">REEN</span> cannot, I am sure, as
+a man of taste, fail to be delighted, even although he may think the
+following passage (which I quote chiefly as a warning against the rise
+of an anagrammatric epidemic among your correspondents) a little severe
+on his old friends:</p>
+
+<p class="blockquot">  "The acrostic was probably invented about the same time with the
+  anagram, though it is impossible to decide whether the inventor of
+  the one or the other were the greater blockhead."</p>
+
+<p>It is a tempting folly I admit for an idle hour, and I must plead guilty
+to having (in consequence of M<span class="smcap lowercase">R</span>. B<span class="smcap lowercase">REEN'S</span> letter) wasted nearly a whole
+evening in discovering that</p>
+
+<div class="poem">
+
+  <p> "N<span class="smcap lowercase">OTES AND</span> Q<span class="smcap lowercase">UERIES</span>"</p>
+     <p> "Enquires on Dates!"</p>
+
+</div>
+
+<p class="noindent">and also offers the following warning to its contributors&mdash;</p>
+
+     <div class="poem">
+
+ <p>"Send quite Reason;"</p>
+
+</div>
+
+<p class="noindent">while as an encouragement it observes (so an ingenious friend informs
+us)&mdash;</p>
+
+   <div class="poem">
+
+ <p> "O send in a Request."</p>
+
+</div>
+
+ <p class="right">  H<span class="smcap lowercase">ERMES</span>.</p>
+
+
+
+<h4><span><i>Battle of Brunanburgh</i></span> <span>(Vol. iv., p. 249.).</span></h4>
+
+<p>&mdash;The <i>Egils Saga</i> describes
+the duel between the armies of Olaf and Athelstan to have been fought in
+a <i>champ clos</i>, inclosed with branches of hazel, upon a space called the
+Vinheidi, or <i>heidi</i> of <i>Vin</i>, situate <i>near</i> (vid) or <i>in</i> (�) the
+Vinskogr, or forest of Vin. <i>Heidi</i> is a rough open space, with scrubs
+or bushes, such as furze, juniper, broom, &amp;c. The <i>heidi</i> and the
+<i>skogr</i> were distinct, the latter affording shelter to the fugitives
+from the former, p. 290. The text, both Norse and Latin, says, "Then he
+brought his army to the Vin-heidi. <i>A certain</i> town stood towards the
+north of the heidi." But a various reading in the note says, "to the
+town of Vinheidi, which was to the north of the heidi." But it seems as
+unreasonable for the town to be called Vinheidi, as Vinskogr. <i>Vin</i>
+should be taken for the name of the town, and the root of the other
+phrases. The downs or brakes called Vinheidi were inclosed with hazel,
+and lay between the forest, or skogr, and some river. The town, being
+Olaf's head quarters, lay north of them. Athelstan occupied the nearest
+town to the south of the heidi. [Query, whether south of the river?] The
+northern town Vin is no doubt the Weon from which the Weon-dune (downs
+of Weon, or heidi of Vin) was called. The other name given by Simeon
+Dunelmensis to that space is curious, as showing how well the spot was
+adapted for attack and pursuit, "eth-runnan-werc," that is,
+"facilis-ad-opus-currendi." The name Brunanburg, probably signifying
+"the town of bourns," or watercourses, is unequivocally that of a town.
+Since Olaf or Arlaf had his quarters at Vin, it was probably at that
+place where Athelstan was stationed. Find these two places, Vin the
+northern-most of the two, and find the river. The heidi and the skogr
+are probably grubbed and ploughed up.</p>
+
+ <p class="right"> A. N.</p>
+
+
+
+<h4><span><i>Praed's Works</i></span> <span>(Vol. iv., p. 256.).</span></h4>
+
+<p>&mdash;Some three years ago I saw a
+prospectus announcing that they would be published by Mr. Parker of
+Oxford, under the direction of Mrs. Praed; but I believe nothing has
+been done in the matter since.</p>
+
+ <p class="right"> W. J.</p>
+
+
+
+<h4><span><i>Sir J. Davies</i></span> <span>(Vol. iv., p. 256.).</span></h4>
+
+<p>&mdash;Messrs. Puttick and Simpson, 191.
+Piccadilly, have, or had recently, an original MS. of this eminent
+lawyer and poet. Perhaps L. G<span class="smcap lowercase">YFFES</span> would learn something of it by
+communication with them, and, if curious, oblige your readers with an
+account of it.</p>
+
+ <p class="right"> R.</p>
+
+
+
+<h4><span><i>Coins of Constantius Gallus</i></span> <span>(Vol. iv., p. 238.).</span></h4>
+
+<p>&mdash;M<span class="smcap lowercase">R</span>. T<span class="smcap lowercase">AYLOR</span> appears
+to me not altogether correct in his distinctions of these coins. The
+name V<span class="smcap lowercase">AL</span>. certainly generally denotes Constantius Chlorus, but there are
+coins of Constantius II. also with V<span class="smcap lowercase">AL</span>. It is impossible for a practised
+numismatist to confound the coins of these emperors, not only from the
+difference of lettering and workmanship, but from the change in the
+size, thickness, &amp;c. of the coins. I have coins of Constantius II. with
+V<span class="smcap lowercase">AL</span>. bearing the same reverse as others with
+ <span class="smcap lowercase">IVL</span>. (P<span class="smcap lowercase">ROVIDENTIAE</span> C<span class="smcap lowercase">AESS</span>)
+in my cabinet. I have also several coins of Constantius II. with
+<span class="smcap lowercase">P.F.AVG.</span>, which have <span class="smcap lowercase">A.</span> behind the head. I refer above only to coins of
+bronze, second and third sizes; but I should suppose the rules would
+apply also to the gold coins. I see "N<span class="smcap lowercase">OTES AND</span> Q<span class="smcap lowercase">UERIES</span>" only monthly, or
+I should have written sooner, but I hope not to be too late.</p>
+
+  <p class="right"> W. H. S.</p>
+
+ <p class="left"> Edinburgh.</p>
+
+
+
+<h4><span><i>Passage in Sedley</i></span> <span>(Vol. iii., p. 476.).&mdash;</span></h4>
+
+   <div class="poem">
+
+  <p> "Let fools the name of loyalty divide</p>
+      <p>Wise men and gods are on the strongest side."</p>
+
+</div>
+
+<p>I much fear your correspondent H<span class="smcap lowercase">ENRY</span> H. B<span class="smcap lowercase">REEN</span> suggests an alteration in
+Sir Charles<a id="Page_328"></a>  <span class="pagenum">[328]</span> Sedley's couplet more favourable to the witty
+baronet's principles than facts will admit. It is too probable that he
+conceived the sentiment just as it stands; for we must remember that he
+belonged to that school of loose wits of the Restoration, who, "Regis ad
+exemplar," made a mock of all which tended to place "virtue" above
+"interest," or to make men "too fond of the right to pursue the
+expedient."</p>
+
+<p>Charles II. and his long train of licentious courtiers now stand at the
+bar of history, and the verdict on him must be, that if he had a
+principle in latter life it was this,&mdash;that he would never endanger
+himself for any abstract rule of right; or as Sir W. Scott, in
+<i>Peveril</i>, accurately says: "he had sworn never to kiss the block on
+which his father suffered," when yielding to the current would save him
+from it; hence, there is too good reason to think that, in his
+estimation, and in the judgment of the school he formed, "loyalty" was
+"folly," and to take the strongest side "wisdom."</p>
+
+<p>The reference in Sedley's couplet to the line&mdash;</p>
+
+   <div class="poem">
+
+ <p>"Victrix causa Diis placuit, sed victa Catoni"&mdash;</p>
+
+</div>
+
+<p class="noindent">is too obvious to need notice; and it is but too certain that in the
+estimation of a courtier of Charles II., Cato dying for his country
+would be but "a fool for his pains." It is painful to be obliged to
+remind M<span class="smcap lowercase">R</span>. B<span class="smcap lowercase">REEN</span> that, in order to understand Sedley's meaning, we are
+not to look for what would be "most consistent with truth," but for what
+was most probably accordant with the lax morality of the author.</p>
+
+  <p class="right">A. B. R.</p>
+
+  <p class="left">Belmont, Oct. 6. 1851.</p>
+
+
+
+<h4><span><i>Buxtorf's Translation of Elias Levita's "Tub Taam"</i></span>
+<span>(Vol. iv., p. 272.).</span></h4>
+
+
+<p>&mdash;This work was printed at Venice in 1538, in 4to. M�nster
+republished it in the next following year, with an epitome of its
+contents in Latin. (G. B. de' Rossi, <i>Dizionario Storico, &amp;c.</i>, art.
+"Levita.").</p>
+
+   <p class="right"> T. T.</p>
+
+ <p class="left">Manchester.</p>
+
+
+
+<h4><span><i>Stonehenge</i></span> <span>(Vol. iv., p. 57.).</span></h4>
+
+<p>&mdash;P. P.'s objection to Sir R. C. Hoare's
+derivation of <i>Stonehenge</i> seems hardly justifiable. Surely the
+horizontal stones there may be said to hang, <span title="[Greek: mete�roi]">&#956;&#949;&#964;&#8051;&#969;&#961;&#959;&#953;</span>, or
+<span title="[Greek: metarsioi]">&#956;&#949;&#964;&#8049;&#961;&#963;&#953;&#959;&#953;</span>, sublime: as in the case of "Rocq Pendant" of
+Alderney, the term "hanging" is loosely applied. That leans forth from
+the cliff at a considerable angle out of the perpendicular, and is
+"hanging," in another sense of the word, like the Leaning Tower of Pisa,
+and as, in another acceptation, the famous terrace gardens of Babylon
+are called the Hanging Gardens.</p>
+
+   <p class="right">T<span class="smcap lowercase">HEOPHYLACT</span>.</p>
+
+
+
+<h4><span><i>Glass in Windows formerly not a Fixture</i></span>
+<span>(Vol. iv., p. 99.).</span></h4>
+
+<p>&mdash;Referring
+to this subject, allow me to add a Note I have from the will of Robert
+Birkes, of Doncaster, alderman, proved at York, July 30, 1590, in
+further illustration. The testator gives to his son Robert all "the
+seeling work and portalls" in and about the house where he dwelt, "with
+all doors, <i>glass windows</i>," &amp;c., in full of his child's portion of his
+goods; and then his <i>house</i> he gave to his wife for her life. If by
+"seeling work and portalls" are meant what we now understand by those
+terms, the above extract shows that other essential parts of a house
+besides glass windows were formerly considered as moveable chattels.</p>
+
+    <p class="right">C. J.</p>
+
+
+
+<h4><span><i>Fortune, infortune, fort une</i> </span>
+<span>(Vol. iv., pp. 57. 142.).</span></h4>
+
+<p>&mdash;The
+explanation offered by a writer in the <i>Magasin Pittoresque</i> for 1850,
+seems perfectly clear without the proposed transposition of the adverb
+<i>fort</i> into <i>fait</i> of your correspondent D. C.</p>
+
+<p>If the sentence be read according to the French explanation D. C. has
+quoted, viz. by reading <i>infortune</i> as a verb, <i>fort</i> the adverb to it,
+it must be plain that the reading of the sentence must be:</p>
+
+<div class="poem">
+
+  <p>"Fortune fort infortune une."</p>
+
+ <p> (Fortune very much afflicts one.)</p>
+
+</div>
+
+<p>If we turned <i>fort</i> into <i>fait</i>, it would entirely spoil the sentence.</p>
+
+<p>Query, But <i>is</i> "infortuner" to be found as a verb in any old
+dictionary? We have the adjective "infortun�," which looks much like a
+participle.</p>
+
+ <p class="right">J. C. W.</p>
+
+ <p class="left">Francis Terrace, Kentish Town.</p>
+
+
+
+<h4><span><i>Matthew Paris's "Historia Minor"</i> </span>
+<span>(Vol. iv., p. 209.).</span></h4>
+
+<p>&mdash;M<span class="smcap lowercase">R</span>. S<span class="smcap lowercase">ANSOM</span> will
+find the desired MS. in the British Museum, 14 C. vii. (Macray's <i>Manual
+of Brit. Hist.</i>, p. 26. Lond. 1845.)</p>
+
+ <p class="right">R. G.</p>
+
+
+<p>In the Cottonian library, Claudius D. vi. 9., will be found "Abbreviatio
+compendiosa Chronicorum Angli�, ab A<span class="topnum">o</span> 1000, ad A. 1255. Scripsit quidam
+ad calcem, 'Hic desinit Mat. Paris Historia Minor, qu� est epitome
+Majoris, qu� ad <span class="smcap lowercase">A.D</span>. 1258 continuatur.'"</p>
+
+<p><i>The Bibliothec� Regi�</i>, 14 C. vii., contains "Histori� M. Paris.
+Continuatio ad <span class="smcap lowercase">A.D</span>. 1273, alia manu. De possessione hujus Codicis multa
+fuit altercatio." (See Warton's <i>History of English Poetry</i>, vol. i. p.
+lxxxviii. edit. 1840.) There are also MSS. at Corpus Christi College
+(No. 56.) and Ben'et College, Cambridge (No. 31.). Macray states, that
+the <i>Historia Minor</i> was made out of the <i>Historia Major</i> by Paris, both
+from Wendover to 1235, and his own large additions after that period.</p>
+
+
+ <p class="right"> J. Y.</p>
+
+  <p class="left"> Hoxton.</p>
+
+
+
+
+<h4><span><i>Sanford's "Descensus"</i></span>
+<span> (Vol. iv., p. 232.).</span></h4>
+
+<p>&mdash;The work of Hugo
+Sanfordus, <i>De Descensu Domini nostri Jesu Christi ad inferos</i>, was
+published as a separate work at Amsterdam in 1611, and its title is
+inserted in the printed catalogue of the Bodleian Library. Can
+ �<span class="smcap lowercase">GROTUS</span>
+give a specific reference to the book, page, and edition of Gale's
+<i>Court of the Gentiles</i> in which it is spoken of, and also his authority
+for the statement that it was<a id="Page_329"></a>  <span class="pagenum">[329]</span> published in the works of a bishop
+who survived him?</p>
+
+ <p class="right">T<span class="smcap lowercase">YRO</span>.</p>
+
+
+
+<h4><span><i>Death of Pitt</i> </span>
+<span>(Vol. iv., p. 232.).</span></h4>
+
+<p>&mdash;M<span class="smcap lowercase">R</span>.
+ N<span class="smcap lowercase">ATHANIEL</span>
+E<span class="smcap lowercase">LLISON</span> will find in
+the <i>Memoirs of Lady Hester Stanhope</i>, vol. iii. p. 141., a passage
+which pretty nearly confirms the account of <i>the desertion of Pitt's
+death-bed</i>. She said that James, a servant, was the only person present
+with Pitt when he died, and that she herself was the last person who saw
+him alive except James. She also stated that Dr. Pretyman, who seems to
+have been in the house, was fast asleep at the time; and that Sir Walter
+Farquhar, the physician, was absent. The account of Pitt's last moments
+in Gifford's life of him, where a prayer for forgiveness, &amp;c. is put
+into his mouth, she pronounced to be <i>all a lie</i>.</p>
+
+ <p class="right">J. S. W.</p>
+
+ <p class="left">Stockwell.</p>
+
+
+
+<h4><span><i>History of Hawick</i> </span>
+<span>(Vol iv., p. 233.).</span></h4>
+
+<p>&mdash;In reply to the Query of your
+correspondent H. L., I have to inform him that there have been published
+two histories of Hawick, viz.,&mdash;</p>
+
+<p>1. Robert Wilson's <i>Sketch of the History of Hawick</i>, a small 8vo.
+printed in 1825. It contains a notice of the altercations between the
+Abbot of Melrose and Langlands the Baron of Wilton, relative to the
+arrear of tithes due to the abbacy of Melrose. A copy of this work can
+be procured for about 5<i>s.</i></p>
+
+<p>2. James Wilson's <i>Annals of Hawick, 1214-1814</i>, a small 8vo. printed in
+1850. This work, under date 1494-5, has a notice of the murder of the
+chaplain by Langlands. This book can be had for 6<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i></p>
+
+<p>A notice of the trial of Langlands for the murder will also be found in
+Pitcairn's <i>Criminal Trials</i>, vol. i. p. 20.</p>
+
+  <p class="right">T. G. S.</p>
+
+ <p class="left"> Edinburgh, Oct. 6. 1851.</p>
+
+
+
+
+<h4><span>"<i>Prophecies of Nostradamus</i>" </span>
+<span>(Vol. iv., pp. 86. 140. 258.).</span></h4>
+
+<p>&mdash;J. R. says
+that "the first edition of the <i>Prophecies of Nostradamus</i> is not only
+in the National Library, but in several others, both in Paris and
+elsewhere." Does J. R. speak from personal observation or at
+second-hand? When I was in Paris I spent some hours in searching the
+catalogue and shelves of both the National Library and that of St.
+Genevi�ve, but I could find no edition of Nostradamus dated 1555 in
+either. To convince myself that my search had been accurate, I turned to
+<i>Nostradamus</i>, par Eug�ne Bareste, Paris, 1840, and there found it
+distinctly asserted that there is no copy of the first edition of the
+book (viz. that of 1555) <i>in any public library</i> in Paris, and that the
+copy used in compiling that edition of 1840 was borrowed from a private
+collection. I cannot give the exact words of M. Bareste, as I only made
+a "Note" of their purport; but if J. R. will say upon what authority his
+statement as to this rare little book is based, I will certainly some
+day renew my search for it at the National Library.</p>
+
+
+ <p class="right"> H. C. D<span class="smcap lowercase">E</span> S<span class="smcap lowercase">T</span>.
+ C<span class="smcap lowercase">ROIX</span>.</p>
+
+
+
+<h4><span><i>Bourchier Family</i></span>
+<span> (Vol. iv., p. 233.).</span></h4>
+
+<p>&mdash;Monuments, with inscriptions,
+to William Bourchier, Earl of Bath, 1623; Henry Bourchier, Earl of Bath;
+many of the family of Bourchier-Wrey, and others allied to them, are in
+the church of Tavistock, in the county of Devon; and the whole of them
+have been carefully transcribed with notes of the heraldry.</p>
+
+ <p class="right"> S. S. S.</p>
+
+
+
+<h4><span><i>William III. at Exeter</i></span>
+<span> (Vol. iv., p. 233.).</span></h4>
+
+<p>&mdash;Jenkins, the historian of
+Exeter, in relating the prince's public entry into that city, states
+that he was preceded by the Earl of Macclesfield and two hundred
+horsemen, <i>most of whom</i> were English nobles and gentlemen. There is in
+the Bodleian Library a fo. broadsheet entitled, <i>A True and Exact
+Relation of the Prince of Orange, his Publick Entrance into Exeter</i>,
+which, if I remember right, was reprinted in Somers' <i>Tracts</i>, but I do
+not think any names of those gentlemen are therein mentioned.</p>
+
+ <p class="right"> S. S. S.</p>
+
+
+
+
+<h4><span><i>Passage in George Herbert</i> </span>
+<span>(Vol. iv., p. 231.).</span></h4>
+
+<p>&mdash;Does not Herbert imply
+in these lines&mdash;</p>
+
+   <div class="poem">
+
+  <p> "Take one from ten, and what remains?</p>
+      <p>Ten still, if sermons go for gains."</p>
+
+</div>
+
+<p class="noindent">that the payer of <i>tithes</i> receives an equivalent in the ministrations
+of the priest?</p>
+
+   <p class="right">S. C. C.</p>
+
+   <p class="left"> Corfe Castle.</p>
+
+<p>This passage alludes doubtless to the tithe of the parson, and maintains
+that the tithe-payer is no loser if the sermons for which tithe is paid
+produce their effects. In fact, it is a paraphrase of <i>Proverbs</i>, iii.
+9, 10.:</p>
+
+ <p class="blockquot"> "Honour the Lord with all thy substance, and with the first fruits
+  of all thine increase: so shall thy barns be filled with plenty,
+  and thy presses shall burst out with new wine."</p>
+
+
+  <p class="right">J. A. P<span class="smcap lowercase">ICTON</span>.</p>
+
+ <p class="left"> Liverpool.</p>
+
+
+
+<h4><span><i>Suicides buried in Cross Roads</i> </span>
+<span>(Vol. iv., pp. 116. 212.).</span></h4>
+
+<p>&mdash;This was
+formerly the general practice in the South of England, and it has
+occasionally been resorted to within the last thirty years. At
+Chalvington, in Sussex, there once resided, according to a popular
+tradition, the <i>only honest miller ever known</i>. About a century since,
+this person, finding it impossible to succeed in business, hanged
+himself in his own mill, and was buried in a neighbouring "crossways."
+An oaken stake, driven through his body, taking root, grew into a tree,
+and threw a singular shrivelled branch, the only one it ever produced,
+across the road. It was the most singular tree I ever saw, and had
+something extremely hag-like and ghostly in its look. The spot was of
+course haunted, and many a rustic received a severe shock to his<a id="Page_330"></a>  <span class="pagenum">[330]</span>
+feelings on passing it after nightfall. The tradition was of course
+received by the intelligent as a piece of superstitious <i>folk-lore</i>, and
+the story of the "only honest miller" was regarded as a mere <i>myth</i>,
+until about twenty-five years ago, when a labourer employed in digging
+sand near the roots of the scraggy oak tree, discovered a human
+skeleton. This part of the history I can vouch for, having seen, when a
+schoolboy, some of the bones. I must not omit to mention that the honest
+miller of Chalvington owned the remarkable peculiarity of a "tot" or
+tuft of hair growing in the palm of each hand!</p>
+
+  <p class="right"> M<span class="smcap lowercase">ARK</span> A<span class="smcap lowercase">NTONY</span> L<span class="smcap lowercase">OWER</span>.</p>
+
+
+
+<h4><span><i>Armorial Bearings</i> </span>
+<span>(Vol. iv., p. 58.).</span></h4>
+
+<p>&mdash;The coat of arms described by
+F. I. B. is given by Robson and by Burke to the family of Kelley of
+Terrington, co. Devon, and the crests are similar, but I can find no
+authority for the coat in any work relating to that county. The ancient
+family, Kelly of Kelly, in Devon, bore a very different coat and crest.
+There is no such place as Terrington in that county, unless Torrington
+be meant, but no family of note bearing the name of Kelley had
+possessions there. I conclude, therefore, that there must be a mistake
+as to the county.</p>
+
+ <p class="right"> S. S. S.</p>
+
+
+
+<h4><span>"<i>Life of Cromwell</i>"</span>
+<span> (Vol. iv., p. 117.).</span></h4>
+
+<p>&mdash;No life of Cromwell was ever
+written by "<i>one Kember</i>;" there is a <i>Life of Oliver Cromwell, Lord
+Protector of the Commonwealth of England, Scotland, and Ireland</i>, the
+second edition (London, 1725) of which, greatly enlarged from the first,
+is now before me, and which has the autograph of Malone, who has on the
+fly-leaf asserted it to have been "written by Isaac Kimber, a Dissenting
+minister, who was born at Vantage in Berkshire, Dec. 1, 1692. His son,
+Edward Kimber, refers to it as the work of his father, in a history of
+England in ten volumes, which he published."</p>
+
+<p>Kimber's life is a much better one than Carlyle's; but the best
+biography of that most extraordinary man is by Thomas Cromwell,
+published some twenty or thirty years since, and of which there was a
+second edition.</p>
+
+ <p class="right"> J. M<span class="smcap lowercase">T</span>.</p>
+
+
+
+<h4><span><i>Harris, Painter in Water Colours</i></span>
+<span> (Vol. iii., p. 329.).</span></h4>
+
+<p>&mdash;In answer to
+the inquiry of T. C. W., relative to a Bible (Reeves, 1802) in the
+possession of his friend, I beg leave to state that the said Bible was
+illustrated with original drawings by my father, J. Harris of Walworth,
+who died seventeen years since, and that I am his only son surviving him
+in his profession. Any further communication relative to him I shall be
+most happy to give on a personal interview.</p>
+
+ <p class="right">J. H<span class="smcap lowercase">ARRIS</span>.</p>
+
+ <p class="left">40. Sidmouth Street, Regent Square,<br />
+      Sept. 27. 1851.</p>
+
+
+
+<h4><span>"<i>Son of the Morning</i>" </span>
+<span>(Vol. iv., p. 209.).</span></h4>
+
+<p>&mdash;A<span class="smcap lowercase">N</span> O<span class="smcap lowercase">LD</span> B<span class="smcap lowercase">ENGAL</span> C<span class="smcap lowercase">IVILIAN</span> is
+informed that, no matter whom Byron may have intended to designate by
+the above glorious appellation, there is but ONE to whom it properly
+belongs. If your correspondent will consult the 110th Psalm, he will
+find David representing God the Father as thus addressing God the Son,
+the Lord Jesus Christ: "The dew of Thy birth is of the <i>womb of the
+morning</i>."</p>
+
+ <p class="right"> G. L. S.</p>
+
+ <p class="left">  Pemb. Coll. Oxon., Sept. 20. 1851.</p>
+
+<p>This seems to be an invocation to the personification of Light, Lucifer,
+or <span title="[Greek: ph�sphoros]">&#966;&#969;&#963;&#966;&#959;&#961;&#959;&#962;</span>, the "son of the morning," by which intellectual
+light is indicated, through whose assistance we are enabled to discover
+the true faith.</p>
+
+<p>The poet enters a caveat that the latter do not act the part of an
+Iconoclast, as has too often been her wont. At least this appears to me
+to be the interpretation.</p>
+
+ <p class="right"> E. I. U. S. Club.</p>
+
+
+
+
+<h4><span><i>Grimsdyke or Grimesditch</i></span>
+<span> (Vol. iv., p. 192.).</span></h4>
+
+<p>&mdash;Your Querist N<span class="smcap lowercase">AUTICUS</span>
+describes the vallum or ditch called "Grimsdyke, or Grimesditch, or the
+Devil's Ditch," running from Great Berkhampstead, Hants, to Bradenham,
+Bucks, and then puts two Queries.</p>
+
+<p>N<span class="smcap lowercase">AUTICUS</span> assumes that this ditch had, at some distant day, been an
+artificial earthwork; but at the same time he points out that, "from its
+total want of flank defence, it could hardly hold an enemy in check for
+long; and that it does not seem to have been a military way." He asks,
+"Are there other earthworks of the same name (Grimsdyke) in England?" I
+find no trace of any other <i>earthworks</i> of that name in England; and it
+may be very questionable whether this ditch be of ancient earthwork, or
+of its original natural formation.</p>
+
+<p>But there is, in <i>Cheshire</i>, a brook or rivulet in its pristine state,
+called <i>Grimsditch</i>. This brook or rivulet is one of the contributory
+streams of Cheshire to the great rivers, the Mersey and the Weaver; and
+is described by the author of <i>King's Vale Royal of England, or the
+County Palatine of Chester illustrated</i>, published in 1656, as follows:</p>
+
+  <p class="blockquot">"The Grimsditch cometh from the Hall of Grimsditch, by Preston,
+Daresbury, Keckwith, and so falleth into the Marsey."</p>
+
+<p>Here then we have the name of a place which gives the name of
+<i>Grimsditch</i> to the brook or rivulet; and it is, moreover, shown by the
+County History that the place (the hamlet or lands of Grimsditch) has
+been in the possession of a family of the name of Grimsditch from the
+time of Henry III.</p>
+
+<p>From the words of the original grant this hamlet, by which Thomas
+Tuschet, in 10 Hen. III. 1226, grants to Hugo de Grimsditch "totam
+terram de Grimsdich pertinentem ad villam de Witeleigh"<a id="Page_331"></a>  <span class="pagenum">[331]</span>
+(Ormerod's <i>Chesh.</i> i. 488.), it may be inferred that the place went by
+the name of Grimsditch prior to the Norman Conquest. There can therefore
+be but little doubt that the name is of Anglo-Saxon origin.</p>
+
+<p>The present possessor of the property is Thomas Grimsditch, Esq., late
+M.P. for the borough of Macclesfield.</p>
+
+<p>The second Query of N<span class="smcap lowercase">AUTICUS</span> applies to the <i>etymology</i> of the word
+Grimsditch.</p>
+
+<p>This is a very difficult question to solve. Take the first syllable:
+<i>Grim</i>, <i>grime</i>, dirt, sullying blackness.</p>
+
+ <p class="blockquot"> "She sweats; a man may go over shoes in the <i>grime</i> of
+  it."&mdash;Shakspeare.</p>
+
+<p>Then the word <i>ditch</i>: this is derived from dic (Saxon), d�k (Erse); but
+whatever may be the true etymology of the word, it can scarcely be
+doubted that it is of Anglo-Saxon origin.</p>
+
+<p>I may however add that there is a tradition in the Grimsditch family of
+Cheshire, said to have been handed down for many ages, as to the origin
+of the name, to the following effect:</p>
+
+<p>That in remote ages their first parents were warriors; that one of these
+warriors was attacked by a griffin; that a fierce contest ensued; and
+that the man was the conqueror of that fabulous bird or beast, the
+battle-ground being a <i>dyke</i> or <i>ditch</i>.</p>
+
+<p>Hence, says the tradition, emanated the family coat of arms, which are
+certainly very singular, viz. Azure, a griffin or, about to tear, and
+ramping upon, a warrior, completely armed in plate armour, in bend
+dexter, across the lower part of the shield. Crest, a <i>Talbot</i>.</p>
+
+  <p class="right">W<span class="smcap lowercase">ILLIAM</span> B<span class="smcap lowercase">EAUMONT</span>.</p>
+
+<p>In reply to your correspondent N<span class="smcap lowercase">AUTICUS</span>, who inquires whether there are
+any ancient entrenchments in England known by the name of <i>Grimsdyke</i>,
+besides the one he mentions in Hants, I beg to remind him that the Roman
+wall (or ditch and rampart) executed between the Firths of Forth and
+Clyde during the reign of the Emperor Antoninus Pius, is popularly
+called by the above name. To account for the name, it has been said that
+it originated in the circumstance of a chieftain of the name of <i>Graham</i>
+having been the first to force his way through it; but those who gave
+such a derivation of the word could scarcely have been aware that it
+bears this name in common with at least two others, viz., that mentioned
+by N<span class="smcap lowercase">AUTICUS</span> as existing at Great Berkhampstead, Hants; and the other
+pointed out by W. S. G. as near Salisbury.</p>
+
+ <p class="right"> L. D. L.</p>
+
+
+
+
+<h4><span><i>Cagots</i></span>
+<span> (Vol. iv., p. 190.).</span></h4>
+
+
+<p>&mdash;In reply to the inquiry of R<span class="smcap lowercase">USTICUS</span>, I
+rather imagine the <i>Cagots</i> are the remains of the Paulician "Churches"
+of Thoulouse Albi and <i>Cahors</i> (<i>Charhagensis</i>) of Maitland's <i>Albigenes
+and Waldenses</i>, p. 428.; and that the Cretins are no other than
+<i>credentes</i> (cf. Maitland passim), probably remnants of the same body of
+heretics.</p>
+
+ <p class="right">  A<span class="smcap lowercase">JAX</span>.</p>
+
+<p>Is there any resemblance between them and Cretins? Are there any
+families or races of Cretins ever heard of?</p>
+
+ <p class="right">C. B.</p>
+
+
+
+<h4><span><i>The Serpent represented with a human Head</i> </span>
+<span>(Vol. iv., p. 191.).</span></h4>
+
+<p>&mdash;I send
+you two instances of the serpent being represented with a human head;
+the first occurs in the Arundel MS. No. 23., in this College, containing
+the genealogical descent of King Edward IV., and apparently coeval with
+that sovereign. The other is a beautifully executed sketch of Adam and
+Eve in a MS., also in this College, of the time of Henry VII., at the
+commencement of <i>The Genealogy of the Saxon Kings from Adam</i>. They are
+both female heads, the latter, however, being the entire bust.</p>
+
+  <p class="right">T<span class="smcap lowercase">HOMAS</span>
+ W. K<span class="smcap lowercase">ING</span> (York Herald).</p>
+
+   <p class="left">College of Arms.</p>
+
+
+<p>In the stained glass of the east window in the Lady Chapel, Wells
+Cathedral (temp. Edw. III.), the serpent, which is entwined round a
+tree, and holds an apple, has not only the head but the upper half of a
+human figure. On a scroll is written in uncial letters, "Si comederitis
+de ligno vit� eritis sicut Dii scientis bonis et malis;" and in a
+straight line below the subject, "Arbor cum Serpente."</p>
+
+ <p class="right"> T. W<span class="smcap lowercase">T</span>.</p>
+
+
+
+<h4><span><i>Fire Unknown</i> </span>
+<span>(Vol. iv., pp. 209. 283.).</span></h4>
+
+<p>&mdash;At the time when Leibnitz
+wrote, curious references to accounts of savages were not infrequent.
+All your readers will remember Locke's reference to some account of
+savages who had neither idea of God nor of being superior to man. It may
+be that narratives of tribes who did not use fire, who lived on dried
+flesh or fish, for instance, may have given rise to an idea of their not
+knowing fire. I think I remember to have seen it stated that some of the
+savages of Australia did not know fire. On this, five-and-twenty years
+ago, I made a note from Mr. Barron Field's <i>Collection of Geographical
+Memoirs of New South Wales</i>. Two wrecked Englishmen passed some time
+among the natives, and found they had no knowledge that water could be
+heated; but the very story seems to show that they knew of fire. On
+boiling some in a tin pot,</p>
+
+  <p class="blockquot">"The whole tribe gathered round them, and watched the pot till it
+  began to boil, when they all took to their heels, shouting and
+  screaming, nor could they be persuaded to return till they saw
+  them pour the water out and clean the pot, when they slowly
+  ventured back and carefully covered the place where the water was
+  spilt with sand."</p>
+
+<p>These two Englishmen were treated with great attention by the natives,
+they were painted twice a day, and it was quite their own faults that
+they did not have their noses bored and their bodies scarified.</p>
+
+ <p class="right"> M.<a id="Page_332"></a>  <span class="pagenum">[332]</span></p>
+
+
+
+<h4><span><i>Plant in Texas</i></span>
+ <span>(Vol. iv., p. 208.).</span></h4>
+
+<p>&mdash;The following is an extract
+from a periodical of 1848 or 1849:</p>
+
+ <p class="blockquot"> "According to the <i>Medical Times</i>, Major Alvord has discovered on
+  the American prairies a plant possessing the property of pointing
+  north and south, and has given it the name of <i>Sylphium
+  laciniatum</i>."</p>
+
+   <p class="right">G. P***.</p>
+
+
+
+
+<h4><span><i>Copying Inscriptions</i> </span>
+<span>(Vol. iv., p. 266.).</span></h4>
+
+<p>&mdash;M. Lottin de Laval, "by a
+new process," has produced the most accurate copies of cuneatic
+inscriptions that have yet been published. It is said that he has copied
+by his process (which must, I think, be some kind of heliography) 1200
+inscriptions from the Sinaitic peninsula, the publication of which may
+be speedily expected, so that M<span class="smcap lowercase">R.</span> B<span class="smcap lowercase">UCKTON'S</span> wishes on this point are
+anticipated. These inscriptions have been already deciphered.</p>
+
+ <p class="right"> E. H. D. D.</p>
+
+
+
+<h4><span><i>Chantrey's Statue of Mrs. Jordan</i></span>
+<span>(Vol. iv., p. 58.).</span></h4>
+
+<p>&mdash;M<span class="smcap lowercase">R.</span> C<span class="smcap lowercase">ORNISH</span> will find this statue at Mapledurham in Oxon, the living of the lady's son.
+It remains there, it is stated, until an appropriate site can be
+obtained.</p>
+
+ <p class="right">W. A.</p>
+
+
+
+
+<h4><span><i>Portraits of Burke</i></span>
+<span> (Vol. iv., p. 271.).</span></h4>
+
+<p>&mdash;I doubt that Sir Joshua
+Reynolds ever painted a miniature, and I should say certainly not after
+Mr. Burke "had passed the meridian of life." His sister, Miss Reynolds,
+was a professed <i>miniature painter</i>, and I have little doubt must have
+painted Mr. Burke, as she certainly did Johnson; but the description
+given of this miniature is very unlike Mr. Burke. The name of the
+possessor might, in some degree, enable us to ascertain whether the
+portraits mentioned are really of the great statesman.</p>
+
+ <p class="right">C.</p>
+
+
+
+<h4><span><i>Martial's Distribution of Hours</i></span>
+<span> (Vol. iv., p. 273.).</span></h4>
+
+<p>&mdash;Martial's
+distribution of hours and employments seems to me to be as
+follows:&mdash;From 6 till 8 the visits of the "salutantes" are received;
+from 8 till 9 the law tribunals are attended; from 9 till 11 the "varii
+labores" occupy; from 11 till 12 the "quies." The expression "in
+quintam" must bring us to the end of the 5th hour; and the "sexta hora"
+must be that which concludes at 12.</p>
+
+<p>Your inquirer A. E. B. might have further asked what is the difference
+between the "quies" of the "sexta," and the "finis" of the "septima." To
+understand this is to understand the difficulty which he propounds. I
+apprehend the "quies" not to mean the "siesta," but that gradual and
+perhaps irregular cessation or suspension of employments which precedes
+the close of business for the day. The "siesta" is the "finis" of
+Martial, which would thus fall between 12 and 1; that time of the day at
+which A. E. B. fixes it rightly. I think he errs in identifying the
+"siesta" with the "sexta hora."</p>
+
+<p>To question 214 I may be allowed to reply, that the effect of moonlight
+upon the face of those who sleep exposed to it in hot climates is very
+severe indeed, producing an appearance not very unlike that of a swollen
+and putrescent corpse. The Psalmist refers to it Ps. cxxi. 6.; and all
+who have lived in the East Indies are well acquainted with the
+phenomenon.</p>
+
+ <p class="right"> T<span class="smcap lowercase">HEOPHYLACT</span>.</p>
+
+
+
+
+
+<h2><span class="bla">Miscellaneous.</span></h2>
+
+
+<h3><span>NOTES ON BOOKS, SALES, CATALOGUES, ETC.</span></h3>
+
+<p>The <i>Antiquarian Gleanings in the North of England, being Examples of
+Antique Furniture, Plate, Church Decorations, Objects of Historical
+Interest, &amp;c., drawn and etched by William B. Scott, Government School
+of Design, Newcastle</i>, which has just been completed, is a valuable
+addition to the numerous works which have been published of late years
+illustrative of arch�ology in its most picturesque aspect. It will be
+seen from the title that Mr. Scott has not confined himself to any one
+class of objects; in some cases historical associations having
+determined his choice; in others, the rarity of examples of the object
+illustrated; in others, their intrinsic beauty. The Chair of the
+Venerable Bede, and the Swords of Cromwell, Fairfax, and Lambert, belong
+to the first of these divisions; as the Nautilus Cup set in gold, and
+the Ivory Cup, both the property of Mr. Howard of Corby, belong to the
+last: and so much taste and skill has Mr. Scott shown in the whole of
+the thirty-eight plates, as quite to justify the hope expressed by him,
+that in all of them the connoisseur and the artist will find something
+worthy attention.</p>
+
+<p>We have before us two books to which we desire to direct the attention
+of our readers. The first is <i>A Manual of Ecclesiastical History, from
+the First to the Twelfth Century</i>, by the Rev. E. S. Foulkes, M.A., the
+main plan of which has been borrowed from Spanheim, and the materials
+principally compiled from that writer, Spondanus, Mosheim and Fleury,
+Gieseler, D�llinger, and others, respecting whom, however, Mr. Foulkes
+states, "I believe I have never once trusted to them on a point
+involving controversy without examining their authorities." "Let
+nobody," he elsewhere observes, "think that he can fairly know Church
+History from reading a single modern historian, whether Protestant or
+Roman Catholic; the only way of getting a correct view, unless a person
+should have time to consult the originals, is to read two opposite
+writers, side by side, and balance one set of facts against the other.
+Yet even so it is hopeless to get a true appreciation of past times
+except through cotemporary writings; I have therefore appended to the
+catalogue of modern historians a few of the principal cotemporary works,
+disciplinary, doctrinal, and historical, from age to age down to the end
+of the twelfth century, which would be a far more trustworthy clue to
+the real sentiments of the times than could be gained from a more modern
+source, and could not, I think, fail to be a corrective to narrow
+misapprehensions, and a great help to the student whose wish it is to be
+fair and candid." These extracts from Mr. Foulke's preface (which
+contains brief notices of the principal modern writers on the<a id="Page_333"></a>  <span class="pagenum">[333]</span>
+subject) sufficiently explain the nature of his very useful and
+carefully compiled volume.</p>
+
+<p>The other, Calmet's <i>Dictionary of the Bible, Abridged, Modernized, and
+Re-edited, according to the most recent Biblical Researches</i>, by T. A.
+Buckley, B.A., is addressed to a wider class of readers, and in its
+preparation general utility has been the main object; while in the
+remodelling which this popular and useful work of Calmet has here
+undergone, care has been taken to purify it from the Rationalism with
+which all the later editions have been charged, and to supply its place
+by such copious additions and alterations from the most recent biblical
+researches, so as to make the present edition rather a new book than a
+reprint of an old one; and deserving of that extensive circulation which
+its extremely moderate price is calculated to procure for it.</p>
+
+<p><i>The Principles of Chemistry illustrated by Simple Experiments</i>, by Dr.
+J. A. St�ckhardt, Professor in the Royal Academy of Agriculture at
+Tharaud, having been extensively adopted as an introductory work in the
+Schools of Germany, in consequence of its convenient classification and
+its clear and concise elucidation of principles, and explanation of
+chemical phenomena, it was translated into English at the recommendation
+of Professor Horsford; and a reprint of it from the American edition
+forms the new volume of Bohn's <i>Standard Library</i>. It is illustrated
+with numerous engravings, and as the necessary apparatus for performing
+most of the experiments in it is extremely small, the book will no doubt
+soon become a popular one.</p>
+
+<p>The Chetham Library, Manchester, will shortly receive a valuable
+addition to its literary treasures by Mr. Halliwell's donation of his
+extensive collection of Proclamations, Ballads, and Broadsides, which,
+we are informed, extends to upwards of 2500 articles, including many of
+great rarity, and a few probably unique. Amongst the latter are two
+curious black-letter ballads, printed in the year 1570, unnoticed by all
+bibliographers, and not to be found in the useful and interesting
+<i>Extracts from the Registers of the Stationers' Company</i>, recently
+published by Mr. Collier; but the greater portion of the collection
+belongs to the latter half of the seventeenth, and commencement of the
+eighteenth century, most of the ballads being reprints of much older
+copies.</p>
+
+<p>We are requested to remind such of our readers as are members of the
+Arch�ological Institute that the Salisbury volume will be ready next
+week.</p>
+
+<p>C<span class="smcap lowercase">ATALOGUES</span> R<span class="smcap lowercase">ECEIVED</span>.&mdash;J. Petheram's (94. High Holborn) Catalogue 127.,
+being 8. for 1851, of Old and New Books; J. Gray Bell's (17. Bedford
+Street, Covent Garden) Catalogue Part 27. of Valuable and Interesting
+Books, Manuscripts, Prints, Drawings, &amp;c.; W. Pedder's (10. Holywell
+Street) Catalogue Part 7. for 1851 of Ancient and Modern Books; B.
+Quaritch's (16. Castle Street, Leicester Square) Catalogue No. 35. of
+Books in European Languages, Dialects, Classics, &amp;c.</p>
+
+
+
+<h3><span>BOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES<br />
+WANTED TO PURCHASE.</span></h3>
+
+<p class="indh">P<span class="smcap lowercase">OPE'S</span> L<span class="smcap lowercase">ITERARY</span> C<span class="smcap lowercase">ORRESPONDENCE</span>. Vol. III. Curll. 1735.</p>
+
+<p class="indh">A<span class="smcap lowercase">LMANACS</span>, any for the year 1752.</p>
+
+<p class="indh">M<span class="smcap lowercase">ATTHIAS</span>' O<span class="smcap lowercase">BSERVATIONS ON</span> G<span class="smcap lowercase">RAY</span>. 8vo. 1815.</p>
+
+<p class="indh">S<span class="smcap lowercase">HAKSPEARE</span>, J<span class="smcap lowercase">OHNSON, AND</span> S<span class="smcap lowercase">TEVENS, WITH</span> R<span class="smcap lowercase">EED'S</span> A<span class="smcap lowercase">DDITIONS</span>. 3rd Edition,
+1785. Vol. V.</p>
+
+<p class="indh">S<span class="smcap lowercase">WIFT'S</span> W<span class="smcap lowercase">ORKS</span>, Faulkner's Edition. 8 Vols. 12mo. Dublin, 1747. Vol. III.</p>
+
+<p class="indh">S<span class="smcap lowercase">OUTHEY'S</span> P<span class="smcap lowercase">ENINSULAR</span> W<span class="smcap lowercase">AR</span>. Vols. V. VI. 8vo.</p>
+
+<p class="indh">J<span class="smcap lowercase">OURNAL OF THE</span> G<span class="smcap lowercase">EOLOGICAL</span> S<span class="smcap lowercase">OCIETY OF</span> D<span class="smcap lowercase">UBLIN</span>. Vol. I. Part I. (One or
+more copies.)</p>
+
+<p class="indh">T<span class="smcap lowercase">HE</span> A<span class="smcap lowercase">NTIQUARY</span>. 8vo. Edinburgh, 1816. Vols. I. and II.</p>
+
+<p class="indh">H<span class="smcap lowercase">ISTORY AND</span> A<span class="smcap lowercase">NTIQUITIES OF</span> T<span class="smcap lowercase">WICKENHAM</span>, being the First Part of Parochial
+Collections for the County of Middlesex, begun in 1780 by E. Ironside,
+Esq., London, 1797. (This work forms 1 vol. of Miscell. Antiquities in
+continuation of the Bib. Topographica, and is usually bound in the 10th
+Volume.)</p>
+
+<p class="indh">R<span class="smcap lowercase">ITSON'S</span> R<span class="smcap lowercase">OBIN</span> H<span class="smcap lowercase">OOD</span>. 12mo. London, 1795. Vol. II. (10<i>s.</i> will be given
+for a clean copy in <i>boards</i>, or 7<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i> for a clean copy <i>bound</i>.)</p>
+
+<p class="indh">D<span class="smcap lowercase">R</span>. J<span class="smcap lowercase">OHNSON'S</span> P<span class="smcap lowercase">RAYERS AND</span> M<span class="smcap lowercase">EDITATIONS</span>.</p>
+
+<p class="indh">A<span class="smcap lowercase">NNUAL</span> O<span class="smcap lowercase">BITUARY AND</span> B<span class="smcap lowercase">IOGRAPHY</span>. Vol. XXXI.</p>
+
+<p class="indh">T<span class="smcap lowercase">HEOPHILUS AND</span> P<span class="smcap lowercase">HILODOXUS</span>, or Several Conferences, &amp;c., by Gilbert
+Giles, D.D., Oxon, 1674; or the same work republished 1679, under the
+title of a "Dialogue between a Protestant and a Papist."</p>
+
+<p class="indh">P<span class="smcap lowercase">ECK'S</span> C<span class="smcap lowercase">OMPLETE</span> C<span class="smcap lowercase">ATALOGUE OF
+ ALL THE</span> D<span class="smcap lowercase">ISCOURSES</span> W<span class="smcap lowercase">RITTEN BOTH FOR AND</span>
+A<span class="smcap lowercase">GAINST</span> P<span class="smcap lowercase">APACY IN THE</span> T<span class="smcap lowercase">IME OF</span> K<span class="smcap lowercase">ING</span> J<span class="smcap lowercase">AMES II.</span> 1735. 4to.</p>
+
+<p class="indh6">
+<span class="topnum">*</span><span class="botnum">*</span><span class="topnum">*</span> Letters, stating particulars and lowest price,
+   <i>carriage free</i>, to be sent to M<span class="smcap lowercase">R</span>.
+B<span class="smcap lowercase">ELL</span>, Publisher of
+"N<span class="smcap lowercase">OTES AND</span> Q<span class="smcap lowercase">UERIES</span>," 186. Fleet Street.</p>
+
+
+
+
+<h3><span class="bla">Notices to Correspondents.</span></h3>
+
+<p>A. B. R. <i>will find the passage he refers to</i>&mdash;</p>
+
+<div class="poem">
+
+              <p class="i3">"Spirits are not finely touch'd,</p>
+     <p> But to fine issues &mdash;&mdash;"</p>
+
+</div>
+
+<p class="noindent"><i>in the opening scene of</i> "Measure for Measure."</p>
+
+<p>N<span class="smcap lowercase">OVUS</span>. "The Three Treatises by Wickliffe," <i>edited by Dr. Todd, have not
+actually been published as yet. Copies will, however, soon be on sale at
+Messrs. Hamilton and Adams', Paternoster Row.</i></p>
+
+<p>E. A. D.'s <i>communication did not reach us in time to enable us to do as
+he wished.</i></p>
+
+<p>T<span class="smcap lowercase">HEOPHYLACT</span> <i>will find the most important point in his letter treated in
+our next Number. Would he in future oblige us by separating his various
+communications?</i></p>
+
+<p>&#1514; &#1488; <i>is thanked for his very kind letter, which we have
+availed ourselves of his permission to forward.</i></p>
+
+<p>D<span class="smcap lowercase">AN</span>. S<span class="smcap lowercase">TONE</span>, E<span class="smcap lowercase">SQUIRE'S</span> "Anagrams" <i>reached us at too late a period for
+insertion in the present Number.</i></p>
+
+<p>R<span class="smcap lowercase">EPLIES</span> R<span class="smcap lowercase">ECEIVED</span>.&mdash;<i>Ash Sap&mdash;Anagrams&mdash;Marriage of
+Ecclesiastics&mdash;Horology&mdash;Bourchier Family&mdash;Pauper's Badge&mdash;Carling
+Sunday&mdash;Three Estates of the Realm&mdash;Posie of other Men's Flowers&mdash;Sacro
+sancta Regum Majestas&mdash;The Soul's Errand&mdash;Middleton's Epigrams&mdash;Man is
+born to Trouble&mdash;Cockney&mdash;Flemings in Pembrokeshire&mdash;Image of both
+Churches, &amp;c.&mdash;Crowns have their Compass&mdash;Aneroid Barometer&mdash;Eyre
+Family&mdash;Baxtorf's Translation of Levita&mdash;Wylecop&mdash;Equestrian Figure of
+Elizabeth&mdash;Nao for Ship&mdash;Medical Use of Pigeons, and others which are in
+type.</i></p>
+
+<p><i>Copies of our Prospectus, according to the suggestion of</i> T. E. H.,
+<i>will be forwarded to any correspondent willing to assist us by
+circulating them.</i></p>
+
+<p>V<span class="smcap lowercase">OLS</span>. I., II., <i>and</i> III., <i>with very copious Indices, may still be had,
+prices 9s. 6d. each, neatly bound in cloth.</i></p>
+
+<p>N<span class="smcap lowercase">OTES AND</span> Q<span class="smcap lowercase">UERIES</span> <i>is published at noon on Friday, so that our country
+Subscribers may receive it on Saturday. The subscription for the Stamped
+Edition is 10s. 2d. for Six Months, which may be paid by Post-office
+Order drawn in favour of our Publisher,</i> M<span class="smcap lowercase">R</span>. G<span class="smcap lowercase">EORGE</span> B<span class="smcap lowercase">ELL</span>. 186. Fleet
+Street; <i>to whose care all communications for the Editor should be
+addressed.</i></p>
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+<div class="boxad">
+<p class="noindent cap">LONDON LIBRARY, 12. St. James's Square.&mdash;Patron&mdash;His Royal Highness
+Prince ALBERT.</p>
+
+<p>This Institution now offers to its members a collection of 60,000
+volumes, to which additions are constantly making, both in English and
+foreign literature. A reading room is also open for the use of the
+members, supplied with the best English and foreign periodicals.</p>
+
+<p>Terms of admission&mdash;entrance fee, 6<i>l.</i>; annual subscription, 2<i>l.</i>; or
+entrance fee and life subscription, 26<i>l.</i></p>
+
+
+      <p class="i5">By order of the Committee.</p>
+     <p> September, 1851. </p>
+      <p class="i5"> J. G. COCHRANE, Secretary and Librarian.</p>
+
+</div>
+
+
+<div class="boxad">
+<p class="noindent cap">LONDON SACRED MUSIC WAREHOUSE, Chief Establishment, 69. Dean Street,
+Soho Square; City Depot, 24. Poultry.</p>
+
+<p>Office of the "MUSICAL TIMES," published on the 1st of every Month.</p>
+
+<p>Office of the "GLEE-HIVE," published every Week.</p>
+
+<p class="indh6">
+<span class="topnum">*</span><span class="botnum">*</span><span class="topnum">*</span> It is requested that Post-office Orders be made payable to
+JOSEPH ALFRED NOVELLO, at the Charing Cross Office.</p>
+
+</div>
+
+
+
+<div class="boxad">
+<p class="center">ALMANACKS FOR 1852.</p>
+
+<p class="noindent cap">WHITAKER'S CLERGYMAN'S DIARY, for 1852, will contain a Diary, with Table
+of Lessons, Collects, &amp;c., and full directions for Public Worship for
+every day in the year, with blank spaces for Memoranda: A List of all
+the Bishops and other Dignitaries of the Church, arranged under the
+order of their respective Dioceses; Bishops of the Scottish and American
+Churches; and particulars respecting the Roman Catholic and Greek
+Churches; together with Statistics of the various Religious Sects in
+England; Particulars of the Societies connected with the Church; of the
+Universities, &amp;c. Members of both Houses of Convocation, of both Houses
+of Parliament, the Government, Courts of Law, &amp;c. With Instructions to
+Candidates for Holy Orders; and a variety of information useful to all
+Clergymen, price in cloth 3<i>s.</i>, or 5<i>s.</i> as a pocket-book with tuck.</p>
+
+<p>THE FAMILY ALMANACK AND EDUCATIONAL REGISTER for 1852 will contain, in
+addition to the more than usual contents of an Almanack for Family Use,
+a list of the Universities of the United Kingdom, with the Heads of
+Houses, Professors, &amp;c. A list of the various Colleges connected with
+the Church of England, Roman Catholics, and various Dissenting bodies.
+Together with a complete List of all the Foundation and Grammar Schools,
+with an Account of the Scholarships and Exhibitions attached to them; to
+which is added an Appendix, containing an Account of the Committee of
+Council on Education, and of the various Training Institutions for
+Teachers; compiled from original sources.</p>
+
+<p>WHITAKER'S PENNY ALMANACK FOR CHURCHMEN. Containing thirty-six pages of
+Useful Information, including a Table of the Lessons; Lists of both
+Houses of Parliament, &amp;c. &amp;c., stitched in a neat wrapper.</p>
+
+<p class="center">JOHN HENRY PARKER, Oxford and London.</p>
+
+</div>
+
+
+<div class="boxad">
+
+<p class="center">Now ready, Price 25<i>s.</i>, Second Edition, revised and corrected.
+Dedicated by Special Permission to</p>
+
+<p class="center">THE (LATE) ARCHBISHOP OF CANTERBURY.</p>
+
+<p class="noindent cap">PSALMS AND HYMNS FOR THE SERVICE OF THE CHURCH. The words selected by
+the Very Rev. H. H. MILMAN, D.D., Dean of St. Paul's. The Music arranged
+for Four Voices, but applicable also to Two or One, including Chants for
+the Services, Responses to the commandments, and a Concise
+SYSTEM OF CHANTING, by J. B. SALE, Musical Instructor and Organist to Her Majesty.
+4to., neat, in morocco cloth, price 25<i>s.</i> To be had of Mr. J. B. SALE,
+21. Holywell Street, Millbank, Westminster, on the receipt of a Post
+Office Order for that amount: and by order, of the principal Booksellers
+and Music Warehouses.</p>
+
+<p class="blockquot">"A great advance on the works we have hitherto had, connected with our
+Church and Cathedral Service."&mdash;<i>Times.</i></p>
+
+<p class="blockquot">"A collection of Psalm Tunes certainly unequalled in this
+country."&mdash;<i>Literary Gazette.</i></p>
+
+<p class="blockquot">"One of the best collections of tunes which we have yet seen. Well
+merits the distinguished patronage under which it appears."&mdash;<i>Musical
+World.</i></p>
+
+<p class="blockquot">"A collection of Psalms and Hymns, together with a system of Chanting of
+a very superior character to any which has hitherto appeared."&mdash;<i>John
+Bull.</i></p>
+
+<p class="center">London: GEORGE BELL, 186. Fleet Street.</p>
+
+<p class="center1">Also, lately published,</p>
+
+<p>J. B. SALE'S SANCTUS, COMMANDMENTS and CHANTS as performed at the Chapel
+Royal St. James, price 2<i>s.</i></p>
+
+<p class="center">C. LONSDALE, 26. Old Bond Street.</p>
+
+</div>
+
+
+<div class="boxad">
+
+<p class="center">Now ready, royal 4to., half bound, 38 Plates, 1<i>l.</i> 11<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i>,
+Coloured 2<i>l.</i> 2<i>s.</i>,</p>
+
+<p class="noindent cap">ANTIQUARIAN GLEANINGS IN THE NORTH OF ENGLAND; being examples of Antique
+Furniture Plate, Church Decorations, Objects of Historical Interest, &amp;c.
+Drawn and Etched by WILLIAM B. SCOTT, Government School of Design,
+Newcastle, containing&mdash;Antiquities in Jarrow Church&mdash;Swords of Cromwell,
+Lambert, Fairfax, &amp;c.&mdash;Norman Wall paintings&mdash;Antiquities in York
+Minster&mdash;Rosary of Mary Queen of Scots&mdash;Antiquities at Hexham&mdash;Stained
+Glass, &amp;c. in Wetheral Church&mdash;Figures of the Apostles in Carlisle
+Cathedral&mdash;Drinking Vessels, Carvings, &amp;c.</p>
+
+<p class="blockquot">"A collection of Antiquarian Relics, chiefly in the decorative branch of
+art, preserved in the Northern Counties, portrayed by a very competent
+hand. Many of the objects possess considerable interest; such as the
+chair of the Venerable Bede, Cromwell's sword and watch, and the
+grace-cup of Thomas � Becket. All are drawn with that distinctness which
+makes them available for the antiquarian, for the artist who is studying
+costume, and for the study of decorative art."&mdash;<i>Spectator.</i></p>
+
+<p class="center">Parts 3 and 4 may be had to complete Sets; price together, 10<i>s.</i> Plain,
+15<i>s.</i> Coloured.</p>
+
+<p class="center">London: GEORGE BELL, 186. Fleet Street.</p>
+
+</div>
+
+
+<div class="boxad">
+
+<p class="center">SPECIAL NOTICE TO INTENDING ASSURERS.</p>
+
+<p class="noindent cap">INTENDING Life Assurers are respectfully invited to compare the
+principles, rates, and whole provisions of the</p>
+
+<p class="center">SCOTTISH PROVIDENT INSTITUTION</p>
+
+<p>with those of any existing company.</p>
+
+<p>In this Society the whole profits are divisible among the
+policy-holders, who are at the same time exempt from personal liability.
+It claims superiority, however, over other mutual offices in the
+following particulars.</p>
+
+<p>1. Premiums at early and middle ages about a fourth lower. See specimens
+below.(*)</p>
+
+<p>2. A more accurate adjustment of the rates of premium to the several
+ages.</p>
+
+<p>3. A principle in the division of the surplus more safe, equitable, and
+favourable to good lives.</p>
+
+<p>4. Exemption from entry money.</p>
+
+<p>(*) Annual Premiums for 100<i>l.</i>, with Whole Profits.</p>
+
+
+<table summary="SCOTTISH PROVIDENT Annual Premiums">
+<tr><td class="left"></td><td class="left">Age</td></tr>
+<tr><td class="left"></td><td class="left">20</td><td class="left">�1</td><td class="left">15</td><td class="left">&nbsp;&nbsp;8</td></tr>
+<tr><td class="left"></td><td class="left">25</td><td class="left">�1</td><td class="left">18</td><td class="left">&nbsp;&nbsp;0</td></tr>
+<tr><td class="left"></td><td class="left">30</td><td class="left">�2</td><td class="left">&nbsp;&nbsp;1</td><td class="left">&nbsp;&nbsp;6</td></tr>
+<tr><td class="left"></td><td class="left">35</td><td class="left">�2</td><td class="left">&nbsp;>&nbsp;6</td><td class="left">10</td></tr>
+<tr><td class="left"></td><td class="left">40</td><td class="left">�2</td><td class="left">14</td><td class="left">&nbsp;&nbsp;9</td></tr>
+<tr><td class="left"></td><td class="left">45</td><td class="left">�3</td><td class="left">&nbsp;&nbsp;4</td><td class="left">&nbsp;&nbsp;9</td></tr>
+<tr><td class="left"></td><td class="left">50</td><td class="left">�4</td><td class="left">&nbsp;&nbsp;1</td><td class="left">&nbsp;&nbsp;7</td></tr>
+<tr><td class="left"></td><td class="left">55</td><td class="left">�5</td><td class="left">&nbsp;&nbsp;1</td><td class="left">11</td></tr>
+</table>
+
+
+
+<p>(*) Annual Premiums for 100<i>l.</i>, with Whole Profits, payable for 21
+years only.</p>
+
+<table summary="SCOTTISH PROVIDENT Annual Premiums, for 21 years only">
+<tr><td class="left"></td><td class="left">Age</td></tr>
+<tr><td class="left"></td><td class="left">20</td><td class="left">&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td class="left">&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td class="left">10</td></tr>
+<tr><td class="left"></td><td class="left">25</td><td class="left">�2</td><td class="left">10</td><td class="left">&nbsp;&nbsp;8</td></tr>
+<tr><td class="left"></td><td class="left">30</td><td class="left">�2</td><td class="left">14</td><td class="left">&nbsp;&nbsp;6</td></tr>
+<tr><td class="left"></td><td class="left">35</td><td class="left">�2</td><td class="left">19</td><td class="left">&nbsp;&nbsp;8</td></tr>
+<tr><td class="left"></td><td class="left">40</td><td class="left">�3</td><td class="left">&nbsp;&nbsp;6</td><td class="left">&nbsp;&nbsp;4</td></tr>
+<tr><td class="left"></td><td class="left">45</td><td class="left">�3</td><td class="left">14</td><td class="left">&nbsp;&nbsp;9</td></tr>
+<tr><td class="left"></td><td class="left">50</td><td class="left">�4</td><td class="left">&nbsp;&nbsp;7</td><td class="left">&nbsp;&nbsp;2</td></tr>
+</table>
+
+<p>All policies indisputable unless obtained by fraud.</p>
+
+<p>Forms of proposal, prospectus containing full tables, copies of the
+Twelfth Annual Report, and every information, will be forwarded (gratis)
+on application at the London Office, 12. Moorgate Street.</p>
+
+      <p class="i9">GEORGE GRANT, Agent for London.</p>
+
+</div>
+
+
+<div class="boxad">
+
+<p class="center">Vols. I. and II. now ready.</p>
+
+<p class="center">Elegantly bound in ultramarine cloth, gilt edges, price 6<i>s.</i> each.</p>
+
+<p class="noindent cap">GIRLHOOD OF SHAKSPEARE'S HEROINES.</p>
+
+<p>A Series of Fifteen Tales. By MARY COWDEN CLARKE. Periodically, in One
+Shilling Books, each containing a complete Story.</p>
+
+<p class="center1">Vol. I. Price 6<i>s.</i></p>
+
+
+ <p class="indh"> Tale I. PORTIA: THE HEIRESS OF BELMONT.</p>
+ <p class="indh">Tale II. THE THANE'S DAUGHTER.</p>
+ <p class="indh">Tale III. HELENA: THE PHYSICIAN'S ORPHAN.</p>
+ <p class="indh">Tale IV. DESDEMONA: THE MAGNIFICO'S CHILD.</p>
+ <p class="indh"> Tale V. MEG AND ALICE: THE MERRY MAIDS OF WINDSOR.</p>
+
+
+<p class="center1">Vol. II. Price 6<i>s.</i></p>
+
+
+ <p class="indh">Tale VI. ISABELLA: THE VOTARESS.</p>
+ <p class="indh"> Tale VII. KATHARINA AND BIANCA: THE SHREW, AND THE DEMURE.</p>
+ <p class="indh">Tale VIII. OPHELIA: THE ROSE OF ELSINORE.</p>
+ <p class="indh">Tale IX. ROSALIND AND CELIA: THE FRIENDS.</p>
+ <p class="indh">Tale X. JULIET: THE WHITE DOVE OF VERONA.</p>
+
+
+<p class="center1">Vol. III. (In progress.)</p>
+
+
+ <p class="indh"> Tale XI. BEATRICE AND HERO: THE COUSINS.</p>
+ <p class="indh"> Tale XII. OLIVIA: THE LADY OF ILLYRIA.</p>
+
+
+<p class="center1">SMITH &amp; CO., 136. Strand; and SIMPKIN &amp; CO., Stationers' Hall Court.</p>
+
+</div>
+
+
+<div class="boxad">
+
+<p class="center">NEW PUBLICATIONS.</p>
+
+<p class="center">Just published, post 8vo. cloth, 10<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i></p>
+
+<p class="blockquot cap">THE LIFE OF JOHN STERLING. By<br/>
+ THOMAS CARLYLE.</p>
+
+<p class="blockquot">"Will be likely to find an eager and a gratified audience."&mdash;<i>Athen�um.</i></p>
+
+
+
+<p class="center1">In a few days, in 1 vol. fcap. cloth,</p>
+
+<p>OUTLINES OF THE HISTORY OF THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE. With Illustrative
+Specimens. For the Use of Colleges and Schools. By GEORGE L. CRAIK,
+Professor of History and of English Literature in Queen's College,
+Belfast.</p>
+
+<p class="center">London: CHAPMAN &amp; HALL, 193. Piccadilly.</p>
+
+</div>
+
+
+<div class="boxad">
+<p class="noindent cap">ANGLO-SAXON BOOKS CHEAP.&mdash;Bosworth's Dictionary, first edition, with the
+Preface, 1838, royal 8vo. cloth, 38<i>s.</i>&mdash;The same, 2nd edition, 8vo.
+1849, cloth, 10<i>s.</i>&mdash;Ettm�lleri Lexicon Anglo-Saxonicum, 8vo. 840 pp.
+ed. 1851, 12<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i>&mdash;Thorpe, Analecta Anglo-Saxonica, a Selection in
+Prose and Verse, with a Glossary, 8vo. 2nd edition. 1846, cloth,
+7<i>s.</i>&mdash;Richthofen's Alt-Friesisches W�rterbuch, stout 4to. Goett. 1840,
+sd. 6<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i></p>
+
+<p class="center">Catalogues of Rare and Cheap Books in all the Dialects of Europe GRATIS.</p>
+
+<p class="center">BERNARD QUARITCH, Foreign Second-hand Bookseller, 16. Castle Street,
+Leicester Square.</p>
+</div>
+
+
+
+
+<div class="boxad">
+
+<p class="noindent cap">PROVIDENT LIFE OFFICE, 50. REGENT STREET. </p>
+
+<p class="blockquot">CITY BRANCH: 2. ROYAL EXCHANGE BUILDINGS.</p>
+
+<p class="center">Established 1806.</p>
+
+<p class="center">  Policy Holders' Capital, 1,192,818<i>l.</i></p>
+
+<p class="center">    Annual Income, 150,000<i>l.</i>&mdash;Bonuses Declared, 743,000<i>l.</i></p>
+
+<p class="center"> Claims paid since the Establishment of the Office, 2,001,450<i>l.</i></p>
+
+<p class="center"><i>President.</i></p>
+<p class="center"> The Right Honourable EARL GREY.</p>
+
+<p class="center"> <i>Directors.</i></p>
+<div class="box">
+      <p>The Rev. James Sherman, <i>Chairman</i>.</p>
+   <p>   Henry Blencowe Churchill, Esq., <i>Deputy-Chairman</i>.</p>
+
+     <p> Henry B. Alexander, Esq.</p>
+   <p>   George Dacre, Esq.</p>
+     <p> William Judd, Esq.</p>
+     <p> Sir Richard D. King, Bart.</p>
+  <p>    The Hon. Arthur Kinnaird</p>
+
+     <p> Thomas Maugham, Esq.</p>
+      <p>William Ostler, Esq.</p>
+      <p>Apsley Pellatt, Esq.</p>
+      <p>George Round, Esq.</p>
+    <p>  Frederick Squire, Esq.</p>
+
+      <p>William Henry Stone, Esq.</p>
+   <p>   Capt. William John Williams.</p>
+</div>
+
+<p class="center">  J. A. Beaumont, Esq., <i>Managing Director</i>.</p>
+
+<p class="center"><i>Physician</i>&mdash;John Maclean, M.D. F.S.S., 29. Upper Montague Street,
+Montague Square.</p>
+
+<p class="center1">NINETEEN-TWENTIETHS OF THE PROFITS ARE DIVIDED AMONG THE INSURED.</p>
+
+<div class="box">
+
+
+<p class="center1">  Examples of the Extinction of Premiums by the Surrender of Bonuses.</p>
+
+ <p class="center1"> Date of Policy. 1806</p>
+      <p> Sum Insured. �2500</p>
+
+    <p>Original Premium. �79&nbsp;10&nbsp;10 Extinguished</p>
+   <p class="indh"> Bonuses added subsequently,<br />
+ to be further interested annually. �1222&nbsp;2&nbsp;0</p>
+
+ <p class="center1">Date of Policy. 1811</p>
+
+    <p> Sum Insured. �1000</p>
+  <p>Original Premium. �33&nbsp;19&nbsp;2 Ditto [Extinguished]</p>
+  <p class="indh"> Bonuses added subsequently,<br />
+ to be further interested annually. �231&nbsp;17&nbsp;8</p>
+
+ <p class="center1">  Date of Policy. 1818</p>
+   <p>  Sum Insured. �1000</p>
+  <p>  Original Premium. �34&nbsp;16&nbsp;10 Ditto [Extinguished]</p>
+  <p class="indh">Bonuses added subsequently,<br />
+
+ to be further interested annually. �114&nbsp;18&nbsp;10</p>
+
+<p class="center1">  Examples of Bonuses added to other Policies.</p>
+
+<p class="center1">  Policy No.  521</p>
+       <p>Date. 1807</p>
+      <p> Sum Insured.  �900</p>
+
+      <p> Bonus added. �982&nbsp;12&nbsp;1</p>
+  <p class="indh"> Total with Additions to be further increased. �1882&nbsp;12&nbsp;1</p>
+
+ <p class="center1">Policy No. 1174</p>
+       <p>Date. 1810</p>
+
+       <p>Sum Insured. �1200</p>
+       <p>Bonus added. �1160&nbsp;5&nbsp;6</p>
+   <p class="indh">Total with Additions to be further increased. �2360&nbsp;5&nbsp;6</p>
+
+<p class="center1">Policy No. 3392</p>
+       <p>Date. 1820</p>
+
+       <p>Sum Insured. �5000</p>
+       <p>Bonus added. �3558&nbsp;17&nbsp;8</p>
+    <p class="indh">Total with Additions to be further increased. �8558&nbsp;17&nbsp;8</p>
+
+</div>
+
+<p>Prospectuses and full particulars may be obtained upon application to
+the Agents of the Office, in all the principal Towns of the United
+Kingdom, at the City Branch, and at the Head Office, No. 50. Regent
+Street.</p>
+
+</div>
+
+
+
+<div class="boxad">
+
+<p class="noindent cap">WESTERN LIFE ASSURANCE AND<br />
+ ANNUITY SOCIETY,</p>
+
+<p class="center">3. PARLIAMENT STREET, LONDON.</p>
+
+<p class="center">FOUNDED A.D.&nbsp;1842.</p>
+
+<div class="box"><p>
+
+   <i>Directors.</i></p>
+
+     <p class="noindent">H. Edgeworth Bicknell, Esq.</p>
+     <p class="noindent">William Cabell, Esq.</p>
+     <p class="noindent">T. Somers Cocks, Jun. Esq. M.P.</p>
+     <p class="noindent">G. Henry Drew, Esq.</p>
+
+     <p class="noindent">William Evans, Esq.</p>
+     <p class="noindent">William Freeman, Esq.</p>
+     <p class="noindent">F. Fuller, Esq.</p>
+     <p class="noindent">J. Henry Goodhart, Esq.</p>
+     <p class="noindent">T. Grissell, Esq.</p>
+     <p class="noindent">James Hunt, Esq.</p>
+
+     <p class="noindent">J. Arscott Lethbridge, Esq.</p>
+     <p class="noindent">E. Lucas, Esq.</p>
+     <p class="noindent">James Lys Seager, Esq.</p>
+     <p class="noindent">J. Basley White, Esq.</p>
+     <p class="noindent">Joseph Carter Wood, Esq.</p>
+
+</div>
+
+<div class="box">
+
+     <p> <i>Trustees.</i></p>
+
+     <p class="noindent"> W. Whately, Esq., Q.C.</p>
+     <p class="noindent"> L. C. Humfrey, Esq., Q.C.</p>
+     <p class="noindent"> George Drew, Esq.</p>
+
+</div>
+
+<div class="box">
+
+     <p class="noindent"><i>Consulting Counsel.</i>&mdash;Sir William P. Wood, M.P., Solicitor-General.</p>
+
+     <p class="noindent"><i>Physician.</i>&mdash;William Rich. Basham, M.D.</p>
+
+     <p class="noindent"><i>Bankers.</i>&mdash;Messrs. Cocks, Biddulph, and Co., Charing Cross.</p>
+
+</div>
+
+<p class="center1">VALUABLE PRIVILEGE.</p>
+
+<p>POLICIES effected in this Office do not become void through temporary
+difficulty in paying a Premium, as permission is given upon application
+to suspend the payment at interest, according to the conditions detailed
+in the Prospectus.</p>
+
+
+<div class="box">
+
+<p class="noindent">Specimens of Rates of Premium for Assuring 100<i>l.</i>, with a Share in
+      three-fourths of the Profits:&mdash;</p>
+
+<p>Age&nbsp;&nbsp;�&nbsp;&nbsp;<i>s.</i>&nbsp;&nbsp;<i>d.</i></p>
+<p>17&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;1&nbsp;&nbsp;14&nbsp;&nbsp;4</p>
+<p>22&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;1&nbsp;&nbsp;18&nbsp;&nbsp;8</p>
+<p>27&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;2&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;4&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;5</p>
+
+<p>32&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;2&nbsp;&nbsp;10&nbsp;&nbsp;8</p>
+<p>37&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;2&nbsp;&nbsp;18&nbsp;&nbsp;6</p>
+<p>42&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;3&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;2</p>
+
+ <p class="center" >     ARTHUR SCRATCHLEY, M.A., F.R.A.S., Actuary.</p>
+
+</div>
+
+<p>Now ready, price 10<i>s.</i>&nbsp;6<i>d.</i>, Second Edition, with material additions,
+INDUSTRIAL INVESTMENT and EMIGRATION; being a TREATISE on BENEFIT
+BUILDING SOCIETIES, and on the General Principles of Land Investment,
+exemplified in the Cases of Freehold Land Societies, Building Companies,
+&amp;c. With a Mathematical Appendix on Compound Interest and Life
+Assurance. By ARTHUR SCRATCHLEY, M.A., Actuary to the Western Life
+Assurance Society, 3. Parliament Street, London.</p>
+
+</div>
+
+
+
+
+
+<div class="boxad">
+<p class="noindent cap">MESSRS. PUTTICK AND SIMPSON beg to announce that their season for SALES
+of LITERARY PROPERTY will COMMENCE on NOVEMBER 1st, and would call
+attention to the ensuing List of Sales in preparation by them. In
+addressing Executors and others entrusted with the disposal of
+Libraries, and collections (however limited or extensive) of
+Manuscripts, Autographs, Prints, Pictures, Music, Musical Instruments,
+Objects of Art and Virtu, and Works connected with Literature, and the
+Arts generally, would suggest a Sale by Auction as the readiest and
+surest method of obtaining their full value; and conceive that the
+central situation of their premises (near St. James's Church), their
+extensive connexion of more than half a century's standing, and their
+prompt settlement of the sale accounts in cash, are advantages that will
+not be unappreciated. Messrs. P. &amp; S. will also receive small Parcels of
+Books or other Literary Property, and insert them in occasional Sales
+with property of a kindred description, thus giving the same advantages
+to the possessor of a few Lots as to the owner of a large Collection.</p>
+
+<p class="indh6">
+<span class="topnum">*</span><span class="botnum">*</span><span class="topnum">*</span> Libraries Catalogued, Arranged, and Valued for the Probate
+or Legacy Duty, or for Public or Private Sale.</p>
+
+<p>On Saturday, Nov. 1, a large Collection of VALUABLE BOOKS, removed from
+the Country, including many curious and rare Works, and a good selection
+of Modern Literature. Six days' sale.</p>
+
+<p>On Wednesday, Nov. 12, EFFECTS of the late STANESBY ALCHORNE, Esq., of
+the Tower, including his Numismatic Library, very important MSS.
+relating to Mint Affairs, Royal and other Autographs (30 of Sir Isaac
+Newton), the celebrated Hydrostatic Balance made for the adjustment of
+the Standard in 1758, a most important series of weights, including the
+original and unique Troy Pound, the Collection of Coins and Medals in
+gold and silver, in the finest condition, many patterns and proofs, and
+a well-known and very important picture by Murillo.</p>
+
+<p>On Saturday, Nov. 15, a very extensive and important Collection of
+MANUSCRIPTS, CHARTERS, DEEDS, and other DOCUMENTS, chiefly relating to
+English County and Family History.</p>
+
+<p>On Monday, Nov. 17, the LIBRARY of the late RICHARD JONES, Esq., removed
+from his residence, Chapel Street, Belgrave Square, including an
+excellent Collection of Dramatic and General Literature. Four days'
+sale.</p>
+
+<p>A Selection of CURIOUS BOOKS and MANUSCRIPTS of an eminent Collector,
+deceased. Two days' sale.</p>
+
+<p>A Collection of AUTOGRAPH LETTERS and Documents of considerable
+interest, the property of a well-known Collector relinquishing that part
+of his Collection.</p>
+
+<p>The concluding portion of the Collection of AUTOGRAPH LETTERS of Mons.
+A. DONNADIEU, comprising, mainly, the period of the first French
+Revolution. Three days' sale.</p>
+
+<p>The MUSICAL COLLECTIONS of a Gentleman recently deceased, including some
+engraved plates of Copyright Works, Musical Instruments, &amp;c.</p>
+
+<p>The very important and extensive LIBRARY of the COUNT MONDIDIER,
+recently imported, especially rich in Foreign Literature, and comprising
+an extraordinary Collection of Books relating to America, Voyages,
+Travels, and Itineraries, including some of the rarest Works in these
+classics, and many which have been hitherto unknown to Bibliographers.
+Ten days' sale.</p>
+
+<p class="indh6">
+<span class="topnum">*</span><span class="botnum">*</span><span class="topnum">*</span> Catalogues of any of the before named Collections will be
+sent on application to the Auctioneers, 191. Piccadilly.</p>
+
+</div>
+
+
+<div class="boxad">
+
+<p class="center">Price 2<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i>; by Post 3<i>s.</i></p>
+
+<p class="noindent cap">ILLUSTRATION AND ENQUIRIES RELATING TO MESMERISM. Part I. By the Rev. S.
+R. MAITLAND, D.D., F.R.S., F.S.A. Sometime Librarian to the late
+Archbishop of Canterbury, and Keeper of the MSS. at Lambeth.</p>
+
+<p class="blockquot">"One of the most valuable and interesting pamphlets we ever
+read."&mdash;<i>Morning Herald.</i></p>
+
+<p class="blockquot">"This publication, which promises to be the commencement of a larger
+work, will well repay serious perusal."&mdash;<i>Ir. Eccl. Journ.</i></p>
+
+<p class="blockquot">"A small pamphlet in which he throws a startling light on the practices
+of modern Mesmerism."&mdash;<i>Nottingham Journal.</i></p>
+
+<p class="blockquot">"Dr. Maitland, we consider, has here brought Mesmerism to the
+'touchstone of truth,' to the test of the standard of right or wrong. We
+thank him for this first instalment of his inquiry, and hope that he
+will not long delay the remaining portions."&mdash;<i>London Medical Gazette.</i></p>
+
+<p class="blockquot">"The Enquiries are extremely curious, we should indeed say important.
+That relating to the Witch of Endor is one of the most successful we
+ever read. We cannot enter into particulars in this brief notice; but we
+would strongly recommend the pamphlet even to those who care nothing
+about Mesmerism, or <i>angry</i> (for it has come to this at last) with the
+subject."&mdash;<i>Dublin Evening Post.</i></p>
+
+<p class="blockquot">"We recommend its general perusal as being really an endeavour, by one
+whose position gives him the best facilities, to ascertain the genuine
+character of Mesmerism, which is so much disputed."&mdash;<i>Woolmer's Exeter
+Gazette.</i></p>
+
+<p class="blockquot">"Dr. Maitland has bestowed a vast deal of attention on the subject for
+many years past, and the present pamphlet is in part the result of his
+thoughts and inquiries. There is a good deal in it which we should have
+been glad to quote ... but we content ourselves with referring our
+readers to the pamphlet itself."&mdash;<i>Brit. Mag.</i></p>
+
+<p class="center">PIPER, BROTHERS, &amp; CO., 23. Paternoster Row.</p>
+
+</div>
+
+
+<div class="boxad">
+
+<p class="center larger">BOOKS PUBLISHED BY</p>
+
+<p class="center2">JOHN RUSSELL SMITH,</p>
+
+<p class="center">4. OLD COMPTON STREET, SOHO SQUARE, LONDON.</p>
+
+<p>A DELECTUS IN ANGLO-SAXON, intended as a First Class-book in the
+Language. By the Rev. W. BARNES, of St. John's College, Cambridge,
+author of the Poems and Glossary in the Dorset dialect. 12mo. cloth,
+2<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i></p>
+
+<p class="blockquot">"To those who wish to possess a critical knowledge of their own native
+English, some acquaintance with Anglo-Saxon is indispensable; and we
+have never seen an introduction better calculated than the present to
+supply the wants of a beginner in a short space of time. The declensions
+and conjugations are well stated, and illustrated by references to the
+Greek, Latin, French, and other languages. A philosophical spirit
+pervades every part. The Delectus consists of short pieces on various
+subjects, with extracts from Anglo-Saxon History and the Saxon
+Chronicle. There is a good Glossary at the end."&mdash;<i>Athen�um, Oct. 20,
+1849.</i></p>
+
+<p>GUIDE TO THE ANGLO-SAXON TONGUE, with Lessons in Verse and Prose, for
+the Use of Learners. By E. J. VERNON, B.A., Oxon. 12mo. cloth, 5<i>s.</i>
+6<i>d.</i></p>
+
+<p class="indh">
+<span class="topnum">*</span><span class="botnum">*</span><span class="topnum">*</span> This will be found useful as a Second Class-book, or to
+those well versed in other languages.</p>
+
+<p>BOSWORTH'S (REV. DR.) COMPENDIOUS ANGLO-SAXON AND ENGLISH DICTIONARY.
+8vo. closely printed in treble columns, cloth, 12<i>s.</i></p>
+
+<p class="blockquot">"This is not a mere abridgment of the large Dictionary, but almost an
+entirely new work. In this compendious one will be found, at a very
+moderate price, all that is most practical and valuable in the former
+expensive edition, with a great accession of new words and
+matter."&mdash;<i>Author's Preface.</i></p>
+
+<p>ANALECTA ANGLO-SAXONICA. Selections in Prose and Verse from Anglo-Saxon
+Literature, with an Introductory Ethnological Essay, and Notes, critical
+and explanatory. By LOUIS F. KLIPSTEIN, of the University of Giessen, 2
+thick vols. post 8vo. cloth, 12<i>s.</i> (original price 18<i>s.</i>)</p>
+
+<p>CONSUETUDINES KANCI�. A History of GAVELKIND, and other remarkable
+Customs in the County of KENT, by CHARLES SANDYS, Esq., F.S.A.
+(Cantianus), illustrated with fac-similes, a very handsome volume, 8vo.
+cloth, 15<i>s.</i></p>
+
+<p>FACTS AND SPECULATIONS ON THE ORIGIN AND HISTORY OF PLAYING CARDS. By W.
+A. CHATTO, Author of "Jackson's History of Wood Engraving," in one
+handsome vol. 8vo. illustrated with many Engravings, both plain and
+coloured, cloth, 1<i>l.</i> 1<i>s.</i></p>
+
+<p class="blockquot">"It is exceedingly amusing."&mdash;<i>Atlas.</i></p>
+
+<p class="blockquot">"A curious, entertaining, and really learned book."&mdash;<i>Rambler.</i></p>
+
+<p class="blockquot">"Indeed the entire production deserves our warmest
+approbation."&mdash;<i>Literary Gazette.</i></p>
+
+<p class="blockquot">"A perfect fund of Antiquarian research, and most interesting even to
+persons who never play at cards."&mdash;<i>Tait's Mag.</i></p>
+
+<p>A DICTIONARY OF ARCHAIC AND PROVINCIAL WORDS, Obsolete Phrases,
+Proverbs, and Ancient Customs, from the reign of Edward I. By JAMES
+ORCHARD HALLIWELL, F.R.S., F.S.A., &amp;c. 2 vols. 8vo. containing upwards
+of 1,000 pages, closely printed in double columns, cloth 1<i>l.</i> 1<i>s.</i></p>
+
+<p>It contains above 50,000 Words (embodying all the known scattered
+Glossaries of the English language), forming a complete key to the
+reading of the works of our old Poets, Dramatists, Theologians, and
+other authors, whose works abound with allusions, of which explanations
+are not to be found in ordinary Dictionaries and books of reference.
+Most of the principal Archaisms are illustrated by examples selected
+from early inedited MSS. and rare books, and by far the greater portion
+will be found to be original authorities.</p>
+
+<p>BRUCE'S (REV. J. C.) HISTORICAL AND TOPOGRAPHICAL ACCOUNT OF THE ROMAN
+WALL FROM THE TYNE TO THE SOLWAY. Thick 8vo. 35 plates and 194 woodcuts,
+half morocco, 1<i>l.</i> 1<i>s.</i></p>
+
+<p>GUIDE TO ARCH�OLOGY. An Arch�ological Index to Remains of Antiquity of
+the Celtic, Romano-British, and Anglo-Saxon periods. By JOHN YONGE
+AKERMAN, fellow and secretary to the Society of Antiquaries. 1 vol. 8vo.
+illustrated with numerous engravings, comprising upwards of 500 objects,
+cloth, 15<i>s.</i></p>
+
+<p class="blockquot">"One of the first wants of an incipient antiquary is the facility of
+comparison, and here it is furnished him at one glance. The plates,
+indeed, form the most valuable part of the book, both by their number
+and the judicious selection of types and examples which they contain. It
+is a book which we can, on this account, safely and warmly recommend to
+all who are interested in the antiquities of their native
+land."&mdash;<i>Literary Gazette.</i></p>
+
+<p class="blockquot">"A book of such utility&mdash;so concise, so clear, so well condensed from
+such varied and voluminous sources&mdash;cannot fail to be generally
+acceptable."&mdash;<i>Art Union.</i></p>
+
+<p>COINS. An Introduction to the Study of Ancient and Modern Coins. By J.
+Y. AKERMAN. Fcp. 8vo. with numerous wood engravings, from the original
+coins, 6<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i></p>
+
+<p>COINS OF THE ROMANS RELATING TO BRITAIN, described and illustrated. By
+J. Y. AKERMAN, F.S.A. Second edition, 8vo. greatly enlarged with plates
+and woodcuts, 10<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i> cloth.</p>
+
+<p>SMITH'S (C. ROACH) ANTIQUITIES OF RICHBOROUGH, RECULVER, AND LYMNE, IN
+KENT. Small 4to. many plates, cloth, 1<i>l.</i> 1<i>s.</i></p>
+
+<p>A LITTLE BOOK OF SONGS AND BALLADS, gathered from Ancient Musick Books,
+MS. and Printed. By E. F. RIMBAULT, LL.D., &amp;c. Post 8vo. pp. 240,
+half-bound in morocco, 6<i>s.</i></p>
+
+<div class="poem">
+
+      <p>&mdash;&mdash; Antique Ballads, sung to crowds of old,</p>
+      <p>Now cheaply bought for thrice their weight in gold.</p>
+
+</div>
+
+<p>BIBLIOTHECA MADRIGALIANA; a Bibliographical Account of the Music and
+Poetical Works published in England in the Sixteenth and Seventeenth
+Centuries, under the Titles of Madrigals, Ballets, Ayres, Canzonets, &amp;c.
+By DR. RIMBAULT. 8vo. cloth, 5<i>s.</i></p>
+
+<p>HERALDS' VISITATIONS. An Index to all the Pedigrees and Arms in the
+Heraldic Visitations and other Genealogical MSS. in the British Museum.
+By G. SIMS, of the Manuscript Department. 8vo. closely printed in double
+columns, cloth, 15<i>s.</i></p>
+
+<p><span class="topnum">*</span><span class="botnum">*</span><span class="topnum">*</span> An indispensable book to those engaged in genealogical or
+topographical pursuits, affording a ready clue to the pedigrees and arms
+of above 30,000 of the gentry of England, their residences, &amp;c.
+(distinguishing the different families of the same name, in every
+county), as recorded by the Heralds in their Visitations, with Indexes
+to other genealogical MSS. in the British Museum. It has been the work
+of immense labour. No public library ought to be without it.</p>
+
+<p>THE NURSERY RHYMES OF ENGLAND, collected chiefly from oral tradition.
+Edited by J. O. HALLIWELL. Fourth edition, 12mo. with 38 Designs by W.
+B. Scott. 4<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i> cloth.</p>
+
+<p>POPULAR RHYMES AND NURSERY TALES, with Historical Elucidations; a Sequel
+to "The Nursery Rhymes of England." Edited by J. O. HALLIWELL. Royal
+18mo. 4<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i></p>
+
+<p>HOLBEIN'S DANCE OF DEATH, with an Historical and Literary Introduction
+by an Antiquary. Square post 8vo. with 54 Engravings, being the most
+accurate copies ever executed of these gems of Art, and a Frontispiece
+of an Ancient Bedstead at Aix-la-Chapelle, with a Dance of Death carved
+on it, engraved by Fairholt, cloth, 9<i>s.</i></p>
+
+<p class="blockquot">"The designs are executed with a spirit and fidelity quite
+extraordinary. They are indeed most truthful."&mdash;<i>Athen�um.</i></p>
+
+</div>
+
+
+
+
+<p class="indh">Printed by T<span class="smcap lowercase">HOMAS</span> C<span class="smcap lowercase">LARK</span> S<span class="smcap lowercase">HAW</span>, of No. 8. New Street Square, at No.
+  5. New Street Square, in the Parish of St. Bride in the City of
+  London; and published by G<span class="smcap lowercase">EORGE</span> B<span class="smcap lowercase">ELL</span>, of No. 186. Fleet Street, in
+  the Parish of St. Dunstan in the West, in the City of London,
+  Publisher, at No. 186. Fleet Street aforesaid.&mdash;Saturday, October
+  25. 1851.</p>
+
+
+<div class="tnbox">
+<p>Transcriber's Note: Original spelling varieties have not been standardized.</p>
+<p><a id="pageslist1"></a><a title="Return to top" href="#was_added1"> Pages
+ in "Notes and Queries", Vol. I-IV</a> </p>
+
+
+
+</div>
+
+
+<div class="box">
+
+<p class="noindent">      Vol. I No.  1  November  3, 1849.  Pages   1 -  17  PG #  8603  </p>
+
+<p class="noindent">       Vol. I No.  2  November 10, 1849. Pages   18 -  32  PG # 11265  </p>
+<p class="noindent">       Vol. I No.  3  November 17, 1849. Pages   33 -  46  PG # 11577  </p>
+
+<p class="noindent">       Vol. I No.  4  November 24, 1849. Pages   49 -  63  PG # 13513  </p>
+
+</div>
+
+
+<div class="box">
+
+<p class="noindent">       Vol. I No.  5  December  1, 1849. Pages   65 -  80  PG # 11636  </p>
+
+<p class="noindent">       Vol. I No.  6  December  8, 1849. Pages   81 -  95  PG # 13550  </p>
+<p class="noindent">       Vol. I No.  7  December 15, 1849. Pages   97 - 112  PG # 11651  </p>
+
+<p class="noindent">       Vol. I No.  8  December 22, 1849. Pages  113 - 128  PG # 11652  </p>
+<p class="noindent">       Vol. I No.  9  December 29, 1849. Pages  130 - 144  PG # 13521  </p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="box">
+
+<p class="noindent">       Vol. I No. 10  January   5, 1850. Pages  145 - 160  PG #        </p>
+<p class="noindent">       Vol. I No. 11  January  12, 1850. Pages  161 - 176  PG # 11653  </p>
+<p class="noindent">       Vol. I No. 12  January  19, 1850. Pages  177 - 192  PG # 11575  </p>
+
+<p class="noindent">       Vol. I No. 13  January  26, 1850. Pages  193 - 208  PG # 11707  </p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="box">
+
+<p class="noindent">       Vol. I No. 14  February  2, 1850. Pages  209 - 224  PG # 13558  </p>
+<p class="noindent">       Vol. I No. 15  February  9, 1850. Pages  225 - 238  PG # 11929  </p>
+<p class="noindent">       Vol. I No. 16  February 16, 1850. Pages  241 - 256  PG # 16193  </p>
+<p class="noindent">       Vol. I No. 17  February 23, 1850. Pages  257 - 271  PG # 12018  </p>
+
+</div>
+
+<div class="box">
+
+<p class="noindent">       Vol. I No. 18  March     2, 1850. Pages  273 - 288  PG # 13544  </p>
+<p class="noindent">       Vol. I No. 19  March     9, 1850. Pages  289 - 309  PG # 13638  </p>
+<p class="noindent">       Vol. I No. 20  March    16, 1850. Pages  313 - 328  PG # 16409  </p>
+<p class="noindent">       Vol. I No. 21  March    23, 1850. Pages  329 - 343  PG # 11958  </p>
+
+<p class="noindent">       Vol. I No. 22  March    30, 1850. Pages  345 - 359  PG # 12198  </p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="box">
+
+<p class="noindent">       Vol. I No. 23  April     6, 1850. Pages  361 - 376  PG # 12505  </p>
+<p class="noindent">       Vol. I No. 24  April    13, 1850. Pages  377 - 392  PG # 13925  </p>
+<p class="noindent">       Vol. I No. 25  April    20, 1850. Pages  393 - 408  PG # 13747  </p>
+<p class="noindent">       Vol. I No. 26  April    27, 1850. Pages  409 - 423  PG # 13822  </p>
+
+</div>
+
+<div class="box">
+
+<p class="noindent">      Vol. I No. 27  May       4, 1850. Pages  425 - 447  PG # 13712  </p>
+<p class="noindent">       Vol. I No. 28  May      11, 1850. Pages  449 - 463  PG # 13684  </p>
+<p class="noindent">       Vol. I No. 29  May      18, 1850. Pages  465 - 479  PG # 15197  </p>
+<p class="noindent">       Vol. I No. 30  May      25, 1850. Pages   481 - 495  PG # 13713  </p>
+
+</div>
+
+<div class="box">
+
+<p class="noindent">       Notes and Queries Vol. II.                                  </p>
+
+<p class="noindent">       Vol., No.,       Date, Year,          Pages,    PG #   </p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="box">
+
+<p class="noindent">       Vol. II No. 31  June  1, 1850.  Pages        1- 15  PG # 12589  </p>
+
+<p class="noindent">       Vol. II No. 32  June  8, 1850.  Pages       17- 32  PG # 15996  </p>
+<p class="noindent">       Vol. II No. 33  June 15, 1850.  Pages       33- 48  PG # 26121  </p>
+<p class="noindent">       Vol. II No. 34  June 22, 1850.   Pages      49- 64  PG # 22127  </p>
+<p class="noindent">       Vol. II No. 35  June 29, 1850.   Pages      65- 79  PG # 22126  </p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="box">
+
+<p class="noindent">       Vol. II No. 36  July  6, 1850.  Pages       81- 96  PG # 13361  </p>
+
+<p class="noindent">       Vol. II No. 37  July 13, 1850.  Pages       97-112  PG # 13729  </p>
+<p class="noindent">       Vol. II No. 38  July 20, 1850.   Pages     113-128  PG # 13362  </p>
+<p class="noindent">       Vol. II No. 39  July 27, 1850.    Pages    129-143  PG # 13736  </p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="box">
+
+<p class="noindent">       Vol. II No. 40  August  3, 1850. Pages     145-159  PG # 13389  </p>
+<p class="noindent">       Vol. II No. 41  August 10, 1850.  Pages    161-176  PG # 13393  </p>
+
+<p class="noindent">       Vol. II No. 42  August 17, 1850. Pages     177-191  PG # 13411  </p>
+<p class="noindent">       Vol. II No. 43  August 24, 1850.  Pages    193-207  PG # 13406  </p>
+<p class="noindent">       Vol. II No. 44  August 31, 1850.  Pages    209-223  PG # 13426  </p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="box">
+
+<p class="noindent">       Vol. II No. 45  September  7, 1850. Pages  225-240  PG # 13427  </p>
+<p class="noindent">       Vol. II No. 46  September 14, 1850. Pages  241-256  PG # 13462  </p>
+
+<p class="noindent">       Vol. II No. 47  September 21, 1850. Pages  257-272  PG # 13936  </p>
+<p class="noindent">       Vol. II No. 48  September 28, 1850. Pages  273-288  PG # 13463  </p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="box">
+
+<p class="noindent">       Vol. II No. 49  October  5, 1850.  Pages   289-304  PG # 13480  </p>
+<p class="noindent">       Vol. II No. 50  October 12, 1850.  Pages   305-320  PG # 13551  </p>
+<p class="noindent">       Vol. II No. 51  October 19, 1850.  Pages   321-351  PG # 15232  </p>
+
+<p class="noindent">       Vol. II No. 52  October 26, 1850.  Pages   353-367  PG # 22624  </p>
+
+</div>
+
+<div class="box">
+
+<p class="noindent">       Vol. II No. 53  November  2, 1850. Pages   369-383  PG # 13540  </p>
+<p class="noindent">       Vol. II No. 54  November  9, 1850.  Pages  385-399  PG # 22138  </p>
+<p class="noindent">       Vol. II No. 55  November 16, 1850.  Pages  401-415  PG # 15216  </p>
+
+<p class="noindent">       Vol. II No. 56  November 23, 1850. Pages   417-431  PG # 15354  </p>
+
+<p class="noindent">       Vol. II No. 57  November 30, 1850. Pages   433-454  PG # 15405  </p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="box">
+<p class="noindent">       Vol. II No. 58  December  7, 1850.  Pages  457-470  PG # 21503  </p>
+<p class="noindent">       Vol. II No. 59  December 14, 1850.  Pages  473-486  PG # 15427  </p>
+<p class="noindent">       Vol. II No. 60  December 21, 1850. Pages   489-502  PG # 24803  </p>
+
+<p class="noindent">       Vol. II No. 61  December 28, 1850.  Pages  505-524  PG # 16404  </p>
+
+</div>
+
+<div class="box">
+<p class="noindent">      Notes and Queries Vol. III.      </p>
+
+<p class="noindent">     Vol., No.,        Date, Year,         Pages,    PG #   </p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="box">
+
+<p class="noindent">       Vol. III No. 62  January  4, 1851.  Pages    1- 15  PG # 15638  </p>
+
+<p class="noindent">       Vol. III No. 63  January 11, 1851.  Pages   17- 31  PG # 15639  </p>
+<p class="noindent">       Vol. III No. 64  January 18, 1851.  Pages   33- 47  PG # 15640  </p>
+<p class="noindent">       Vol. III No. 65  January 25, 1851. Pages    49- 78  PG # 15641  </p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="box">
+
+<p class="noindent">       Vol. III No. 66  February  1, 1851. Pages   81- 95  PG # 22339  </p>
+<p class="noindent">       Vol. III No. 67  February  8, 1851. Pages   97-111  PG # 22625  </p>
+
+<p class="noindent">       Vol. III No. 68  February 15, 1851. Pages  113-127  PG # 22639  </p>
+<p class="noindent">       Vol. III No. 69  February 22, 1851. Pages  129-159  PG # 23027  </p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="box">
+
+<p class="noindent">       Vol. III No. 70  March  1, 1851. Pages     161-174  PG # 23204  </p>
+
+<p class="noindent">       Vol. III No. 71  March  8, 1851. Pages     177-200  PG # 23205  </p>
+
+<p class="noindent">       Vol. III No. 72  March 15, 1851. Pages     201-215  PG # 23212  </p>
+<p class="noindent">       Vol. III No. 73  March 22, 1851.  Pages    217-231  PG # 23225  </p>
+<p class="noindent">       Vol. III No. 74  March 29, 1851.  Pages    233-255  PG # 23282  </p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="box">
+
+<p class="noindent">       Vol. III No. 75  April  5, 1851. Pages      257-271  PG # 23402  </p>
+
+<p class="noindent">       Vol. III No. 76  April 12, 1851. Pages     273-294  PG # 26896  </p>
+<p class="noindent">       Vol. III No. 77  April 19, 1851. Pages     297-311  PG # 26897  </p>
+<p class="noindent">       Vol. III No. 78  April 26, 1851. Pages     313-342  PG # 26898  </p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="box">
+
+<p class="noindent">       Vol. III No. 79  May  3, 1851. Pages       345-359  PG # 26899  </p>
+<p class="noindent">       Vol. III No. 80  May 10, 1851. Pages       361-382  PG # 32495  </p>
+
+<p class="noindent">       Vol. III No. 81  May 17, 1851.  Pages      385-399  PG # 29318  </p>
+<p class="noindent">       Vol. III No. 82  May 24, 1851.  Pages      401-415  PG # 28311  </p>
+<p class="noindent">       Vol. III No. 83  May 31, 1851.  Pages      417-440  PG # 36835  </p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="box">
+
+<p class="noindent">       Vol. III No. 84  June  7, 1851.  Pages     441-472  PG # 37379  </p>
+
+<p class="noindent">       Vol. III No. 85  June 14, 1851.  Pages     473-488  PG # 37403  </p>
+
+<p class="noindent">       Vol. III No. 86  June 21, 1851. Pages      489-511  PG # 37496  </p>
+<p class="noindent">       Vol. III No. 87  June 28, 1851. Pages      513-528  PG # 37516  </p>
+</div>
+
+
+<div class="box">
+
+<p class="noindent">       Notes and Queries Vol. IV.                                  </p>
+
+<p class="noindent">       Vol., No.,        Date, Year,          Pages,    PG #  </p>
+
+</div>
+
+<div class="box">
+<p class="noindent">       Vol. IV No. 88   July  5, 1851.  Pages        1- 15  PG # 37548 </p>
+<p class="noindent">       Vol. IV No. 89   July 12, 1851.  Pages       17- 31  PG # 37568 </p>
+<p class="noindent">       Vol. IV No. 90   July 19, 1851.  Pages       33- 47  PG # 37593 </p>
+
+<p class="noindent">       Vol. IV No. 91   July 26, 1851.  Pages       49- 79  PG # 37778 </p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="box">
+<p class="noindent">       Vol. IV No. 92   August  2, 1851. Pages      81- 94  PG # 38324 </p>
+<p class="noindent">       Vol. IV No. 93   August  9, 1851. Pages      97-112  PG # 38337 </p>
+<p class="noindent">       Vol. IV No. 94   August 16, 1851. Pages     113-127  PG # 38350 </p>
+<p class="noindent">       Vol. IV No. 95   August 23, 1851.  Pages    129-144  PG # 38386 </p>
+
+<p class="noindent">       Vol. IV No. 96   August 30, 1851.  Pages    145-167  PG # 38405 </p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="box">
+<p class="noindent">       Vol. IV No.  97  September  6, 1851.  Pages    169-183  PG # 38433 </p>
+<p class="noindent">       Vol. IV No.  98  September 13, 1851.  Pages    185-200  PG # 38491 </p>
+<p class="noindent">       Vol. IV No.  99  September 20, 1851.  Pages    201-216  PG # 38574 </p>
+<p class="noindent">       Vol. IV No. 100  September 27, 1851.  Pages    217-246  PG # 38656 </p>
+
+</div>
+
+<div class="box">
+
+<p class="noindent">       Vol. IV No. 101  October  4, 1851.  Pages    249-264  PG # 38701 </p>
+<p class="noindent">       Vol. IV No. 102  October 11, 1851.  Pages    265-287  PG # 38773 </p>
+<p class="noindent">       Vol. IV No. 103  October 18, 1851.  Pages    289-303  PG # 38864 </p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="box">
+<p class="noindent">       Vol I. Index. [Nov. 1849-May 1850]              PG # 13536 </p>
+<p class="noindent">       INDEX TO THE SECOND VOLUME. MAY-DEC., 1850      PG # 13571 </p>
+
+<p class="noindent">       INDEX TO THE THIRD VOLUME. JAN.-JUNE, 1851      PG # 26770 </p>
+  </div>
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+<pre>
+
+
+
+
+
+End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Notes and Queries, Vol. IV, Number
+104, October 25, 1851, by Various
+
+*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES AND QUERIES, OCT 25, 1851 ***
+
+***** This file should be named 38926-h.htm or 38926-h.zip *****
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+</pre>
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+</body>
+ </html>
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+The Project Gutenberg EBook of Notes and Queries, Vol. IV, Number 104,
+October 25, 1851, by Various
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: Notes and Queries, Vol. IV, Number 104, October 25, 1851
+       A Medium of Inter-communication for Literary Men, Artists,
+       Antiquaries, Genealogists, etc.
+
+Author: Various
+
+Editor: George Bell
+
+Release Date: February 18, 2012 [EBook #38926]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ASCII
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES AND QUERIES, OCT 25, 1851 ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by Charlene Taylor, Jonathan Ingram and the Online
+Distributed Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net (This
+file was produced from images generously made available
+by The Internet Library of Early Journals.)
+
+
+
+
+
+[Transcriber's note: Original spelling varieties have not been
+standardized. Old English-style letters have been marked with braces
+{d}; characters with macrons have been marked in brackets with an equal
+sign, as [=e] for a letter e with a macron on top, or [q=] for a letter
+q with a horizontal bar in the descender; [)u] shows a character with
+breve. Underscores have been used to indicate _italic_ fonts.]
+
+
+
+
+NOTES and QUERIES:
+
+A MEDIUM OF INTER-COMMUNICATION
+
+FOR
+
+LITERARY MEN, ARTISTS, ANTIQUARIES, GENEALOGISTS, ETC.
+
+"When found, make a note of."--CAPTAIN CUTTLE.
+
+VOL. IV.--No. 104. Saturday, October 25. 1851.
+
+Price Sixpence. Stamped Edition, 7_d._
+
+
+
+
+CONTENTS.
+
+                                                                Page
+
+
+      NOTES:--
+
+      The Old Countess of Desmond, No. 1.                        305
+
+      Panslavic Sketches, by Dr. J. Lotsky                       306
+
+      Monumental Bust of Shakspeare, by J. O. Halliwell          307
+
+      Notes on Passages in Virgil, by Dr. Henry                  307
+
+      Folk Lore:--Superstitions respecting Bees--Bees invited
+      to Funerals--North Side of Churchyards--Ashton
+      Faggot: a Devonshire Custom--Offerings
+      to the Apple-trees: Devonshire Superstition                308
+
+      Poetical Imitations                                        310
+
+      Gloucestershire Ballads:--A Gloucester Ditty; George
+      Ridler's Oven                                              311
+
+      The Caxton Coffer, by Bolton Corney                        312
+
+      Minor Notes:--Note on the Duration of Reigns--Cock
+      and Bull Story--"Multa renascentur," &c.--Corruptions
+      recognised as acknowledged Words                           312
+
+      QUERIES:--
+
+      Mary Queen of Scots and Bothwell's Confession              313
+
+      Minor Queries:--"'Tis Twopence now"--Scythians
+      blind their Slaves--The "Gododin"--Frontispiece to
+      Hobbes's Leviathan--Broad Arrow or Arrow Head--Deep
+      Well near Bansted Downs--Upton Court--Derivation of
+      Prog--Metrical History of England--Finger Pillories
+      in Churches--Stallenge Queries--Ancient MS. History
+      of Scotland--Pharetram de Tutesbit--Inundation at
+      Deptford--Butler's Sermons--Coleridge's
+      Christabel--Epigram ascribed to Mary Queen of Scots        314
+
+      MINOR QUERIES ANSWERED:--Meaning of Farlieu--"History
+      of Anglesey"--The Word "Rile"                              317
+
+      REPLIES:--
+
+      Winchester Execution                                       317
+
+      Cockney                                                    318
+
+      Sir Edmund Plowden or Ployden                              319
+
+      General James Wolfe                                        322
+
+      Stanzas in Childe Harold                                   323
+
+      Replies to Minor Queries:--MS. Note in a Copy of Liber
+      Sententiarum--Naturalis Proles--Print cleaning--Story
+      referred to by Jeremy Taylor--Anagrams--Battle of
+      Brunanburgh--Praed's Works--Sir J. Davies--Coins
+      of Constantius Gallus--Passage in Sedley--Buxtorf's
+      Translation of Elias Levita's "Tub Taam"--Stonehenge--Glass
+      in Windows formerly not a Fixture--Fortune, infortune,
+      fort une--Matthew Paris's "Historia Minor"--Sanford's
+      "Descensus"--Death of Pitt--History of Hawick--"Prophecies
+      of Nostradamus"--Bourchier Family--William III. at
+      Exeter--Passage in George Herbert--Suicides buried in
+      Cross Roads--Armorial Bearing--"Life of Cromwell"--Harris,
+      Painter in Water Colours--"Son of the Morning"--Grimsdyke
+      or Grimesditch--Cagots--The Serpent represented with
+      a human Head--Fire Unknown--Plant in Texas--Copying
+      Inscriptions--Chantrey's Statue of Mrs. Jordan--Portraits
+      of Burke--Martial's Distribution of Hours                  326
+
+      MISCELLANEOUS:--
+
+      Notes on Books, Sales, Catalogues, &c.                     332
+
+      Books and Odd Volumes wanted                               333
+
+      Notices to Correspondents                                  333
+
+      Advertisements                                             333
+
+
+
+
+Notes.
+
+
+THE OLD COUNTESS OF DESMOND, NO. 1.
+
+The various notices and inquiries at times in your publication
+respecting this lady, including, as they do, some sceptical doubts of
+her existence, induce me to trouble you with several particulars upon
+this subject, of which I have at sundry times, according to the
+admirable suggestion of your motto, "when found, made a note." Some of
+them, derived from local antiquarian opportunities, will be new; of all
+I shall endeavour to make an intelligible arrangement; and as the
+subject will probably extend itself too much for a single article suited
+to your pages, I propose to place it under these distinct headings:--Was
+there an _old_ Countess of Desmond? Is there _really_ a portrait of her?
+And, Who was she?
+
+In reference to the first inquiry, I would observe that the _fact_ of
+the existence of such a personage rests upon no modern or uncertain
+tradition. This aged lady, according to an account I shall mention
+presently, is supposed to have lived to the latter end of the reign of
+James I. or beginning of that of Charles I.; and mention is made of her
+by Sir Walter Raleigh, in his _History of the World_ (bk. i. p. i. c.
+5.), as "personally known to him" as having been married in the reign of
+Edward IV. (who died A.D. 1485); and who was living in 1589, and "many
+years afterwards, as all the noblemen and gentlemen of Munster can
+witness."
+
+Lord Bacon, in his _Natural History_ (cent. viii. sect. 755.) refers to
+her thus:
+
+  "They tell a tale of the old Countess of Desmond, who lived until
+  she was seven score years old; that she did _dentize_ twice or
+  thrice, casting her old teeth, and others coming in their place."
+
+Horace Walpole, in his _Historic Doubts respecting Richard III._ (p.
+102.), correcting the "misrepresentations regarding his person," says:
+
+  "The _old_ Countess of Desmond, who had danced with Richard,
+  declared he was the handsomest man in the room except his brother
+  Edward, and was very well made."
+
+This last anecdote of Walpole's is taken from an account which I
+certainly have _seen_ and read, but the name of the authority I cannot
+now recollect, which stated that the Countess actually outlived the
+"trust term for securing her jointure" (a period generally of
+ninety-nine years from the date of marriage), "and was obliged in her
+old age to appear in a court of justice to establish her rights; and
+that it was _there_ and _then_ she delivered Walpole's anecdote to the
+judge and audience." All these different yet concurring testimonies seem
+satisfactorily to establish the fact that there _was_ a Countess of
+Desmond "passing old."
+
+Then, as to her celebrated _picture_, of which I have frequently seen
+the original on _wood_, in possession of the "Right Hon. Maurice
+Fitzgerald, Knight of Kerry," and have now a print before me, there are
+some particulars and questions which may interest your readers.
+
+The print (same size as the original) is a mezzo-tint, ten inches by
+seven inches and a half, and has under it the following inscription:
+
+  "CATHERINE FITZGERALD (the long-lived) COUNTESS OF DESMOND, from
+  an original Family Picture of the same size, painted on Board, in
+  the possession of the Right Honorable Maurice Fitzgerald, Knight
+  of Kerry, &c. &c. &c., to whom this plate is most respectfully
+  dedicated by her very obedient and much obliged humble servant,
+  HENRY PELHAM.
+
+  "This illustrious lady was born about the year 1464, and was
+  married in the reign of Edward IV., lived during the reigns of
+  Edward V., Richard III., Henry VII., Henry VIII., Edward VI.,
+  Mary, and Elizabeth, and died in the latter end of James I., or
+  beginning of Charles I.'s reign, at the great age (as is generally
+  supposed) of 162 years. Published as the Act directs, at Bear
+  Island, June 4, 1806. By Henry Pelham, Esq."
+
+In this print the features are large and strongly marked; the forehead
+and upper part of the nose deeply wrinkled, the head covered with a
+large full black hood, showing no hair whatever about the face; the
+person wrapped in a dark cloak, held by a single button over the breast.
+As some of your correspondents speak of portraits of this lady at Knowle
+(Vol. iii., p. 341.), Bedgebury, and Penshurst, it may be useful to
+compare them with this description, for the following reason.
+
+Horace Walpole, whose "mission" seems to have been to raise "Historic
+Doubts," in a letter to Rev. Mr. Cole, dated May 28, 1774, has the
+following sentence:
+
+  "Mr. Pennant has given a new edition of his former _Tour_, with
+  more cuts: among others is the _vulgar_ head called the Countess
+  of Desmond. I told him I had discovered, and proved past
+  contradiction, _that it is Rembrandt's mother_. He owned it, and
+  said he would correct it by a note: but he has not. _This is a
+  brave way of being an antiquary_: as if there could be any merit
+  in giving for genuine what one knows to be spurious."
+
+This is a very _teasing_ passage. I have no copy of Pennant's _Tour_ by
+me; nor do I recollect ever to have seen one with the print here
+referred to. Probably some of your numerous correspondents will find
+one, and inform us, whether the print in it resembles the description I
+have given. It is not at all probable that Pennant's "cut" was copied
+from the Knight of Kerry's picture: but _if_ it was copied from any of
+those mentioned by your correspondents; and _if_ these be duplicates of
+the Knight of Kerry's "family portrait;" and _if_ Horace Walpole's cruel
+criticism on Mr. Pennant be correct--then have we all been _shamed with
+a sham_. These are a considerable number of _ifs_, upon which this
+conclusion depends; but in one thing Walpole is correct: "there is no
+merit in giving for genuine what one knows to be spurious."
+
+Of the Mr. Pelham who published the print I have described, there are
+some particulars which may interest your readers. He will be found among
+the correspondents of the late General Vallancey, whose interest in
+Irish antiquities is well known. Mr. Pelham was an ingenious gentleman,
+who came to Kerry in the end of the last century, in the character of
+agent to the Marquis of Lansdowne; which engagement, after a few years,
+he resigned, but continued in the county, a zealous studier of its
+antiquities, and intending, as I have heard, either a new County History
+or a reprint of Smith's work. He was a good civil engineer, and executed
+a great part of a large county and baronial map, afterwards finished by
+another hand. Mr. Pelham, who perished prematurely by sudden death, in
+his boat, while superintending the building of a Martello tower on Bear
+Island, in the River Kenmare, in the very year he published this print,
+is said to have been an uncle by half-blood to the present Lord
+Lyndhurst, whose grandmother, Sarah Singleton, is said to have married
+to her second husband, ---- Pelham, an American--Henry Pelham being the
+only issue of her second marriage, as John Singleton Copley, father to
+the ex-chancellor, was of her first. In my next I propose to consider
+the question, Who was the old Countess of Desmond?
+
+    A. B. R.
+
+
+PANSLAVIC SKETCHES.
+
+The idea and conception of _Panslavism_ are the produce of the
+latent political events on the Continent, viz. the idea of a
+_re-crystallisation_ of a race of people comprising even now sixty
+millions, and which in former epochs extended from Archangelsk to
+Tissalonichi, where it bordered on the abodes of the Hellenic race.
+Having lost their primeval (Indian) civilisation by migrations which
+extend to times historical, the only monuments testifying to their most
+ancient origin are the languages of these various tribes,--the Russians,
+Czechs, Poles, &c. But these languages have all acquired a more modern
+type, by a great susception of Greek, Tartarian, Latin, Turkish, and
+German phrases and constructions. Fortunately, however, there have been
+other branches of this huge nation-tree, which, settled on the shores of
+the German ocean, afar from the tracts of migration and the stations of
+war, have escaped the influence of the changes contingent on the
+contentions and intercourse of men. And thus, the _Old Prussian_, the
+_Lithuanian_, and the _Lettish_ tongues (dialects) have escaped, as it
+were, the changes of improvement, and have remained, in the mouth of
+aboriginal inhabitants, such as they were many centuries ago. If the
+mythology of the Slavian nations, and their universal complex of
+languages, are undoubtedly _Indian_ (Sanscrit), the above-named three
+dialects have retained _most_ of their primordial type. I subjoin the
+Lord's Prayer, written in these three ancient Slavonic dialects, now
+hardly understood by any other save those very same tribes. The
+approximation to Sanscrit is most striking, and deserves the notice of
+philologists. As a number of persons conversant with Sanscrit, and even
+the dialects spoken in India, are to be met with in the British capital,
+their attention is most respectfully called to these venerable remains
+of old _Panslavic_ tongues.
+
+    DR. J. LOTSKY, Panslave.
+
+  8. Robert Street, Hampstead Road.
+
+
+THE LORD'S PRAYER.
+
+_Old Prussian._
+
+Tava nuson, kas tu essei en dangon, svintints virst tvais emnes; pereit
+tvais ryks; tvais quaits audasin kagi en dandon tyt deigi no semien,
+nuson deinennin geitien dais numans [=s]an deinan; bhe etverpeis numas
+nusons ausautins, kaimes etverpimai nusons au[=s]autenikamans; bhe ni
+veddeis mans em perbandasnan, [=s]lait isrankeis mans esse vissan
+vargan.
+
+_Lithuanian._
+
+Tive mus[^u], kurs essi danguie, te essie [=s]ven[=e]amas tavo vardas;
+te ateinie tavo karaliste; te nusid[)u]die tavo vale, kaip danguie taip
+ir ant [=z][\e]m[^e]s; d[)u]na mus[^u] diesni[=s]ka d[^u]k mums ir sa
+diena; ir att[\e]isk mums mus[^u] kattes, kaip mes att[\e]idsam savo
+kattiemus; ir ne vesk mus i pagundima, bet g[\e]lb[\e]k mus n[)u] pikto.
+
+_Letton (Lettish.)_
+
+M[^u]su t[^e]vs debbes[^i]s, sv[^e]t[^i]ts lai t[^o]p tavs v[^a]rds, lai
+n[^a]k tava valstiba; tavs pr[^a]ts lai noteek, ka debbes[^i]s ta
+arridzan zemmes virz[^u]; m[^u]s[^u] deeni[=s]ku maiz d[^o]d mums
+[=s]odeen; un pametti mums m[^u]su parradus, ka arrim[^e]s pamettam
+saveem parradneekeem; un ne ceveddi m[^u]s eek[=s] k[^a]rdina[=s]anas,
+bet atpesti m[^u]s no ta launa.
+
+
+MONUMENTAL BUST OF SHAKSPEARE.
+
+Mr. T. Kite, the parish clerk of Stratford-on-Avon, has recently
+completed a copy in imitation stone from a cast of the monumental bust
+of Shakspeare, which appears to me, after a very close and minute
+comparison, to be a far more faithful transcript of the original than
+any of the kind hitherto accessible to the public. It gives in detail
+most accurately those peculiarities which led Sir F. Chantrey to the
+opinion that the artist worked from a cast made after death; and if you
+would kindly spare a few lines of your paper for a paragraph to that
+effect, I feel sure you would not only confer a benefit on Shakspearian
+collectors, but at the same time pay a just tribute to Mr. Kite, for the
+intelligent pains he has bestowed upon the work. It is scarcely
+necessary to say an accurate copy of the Stratford bust is the best
+memorial of Shakspeare the public can possess, it being so much superior
+in authenticity to any other resemblance.
+
+    J. O. HALLIWELL.
+
+  Stratford on Avon, Oct. 15.
+
+
+NOTES ON PASSAGES IN VIRGIL.
+
+      I. "Acti Fatis."--_Virg. AEn. I. 36._
+
+  "Si _fatis_, nulla Junonis invidia est. Si Junonis invidia
+  fatigabantur quomodo dicit _acti fatis_? Sed hoc ipsum Junonis
+  odium fatale est. Agebantur _fatis_ Junonis, i.e. _voluntate_; vel
+  _fatis_, pro _malis_, ut iii. 182."--SERVIUS.
+
+  "Non tam quoniam hoc Junonis odium fatale erat, ut Servius; sed
+  potius, quoniam hi ipsi Trojanorum, errores fatales
+  erant."--HEYNE.
+
+Not only these two, but all other commentators and translators, as far
+as I know, have wholly mistaken the meaning of this passage, which is
+not _that the Trojans were_ jactati, fatigati, or agitati, _harassed, or
+driven hither and thither by the fates_, (_actus_ being never used in
+the sense assigned to it in such interpretation), but simply that they
+were _driven onward, or toward Latium, by the fates_ (acti fatis); while
+at the same time they were _driven backward, or from Latium, by Juno_,
+(arcebat longe Latio). The result was "multos per annos errabant maria
+omnia circum:" words could not more clearly express the opposition of
+the forces between which the Trojans were placed; an opposition on which
+hangs the whole action of the poem. The _invidia_ of Juno, concerning
+which Servius queries, was manifested by her using her utmost exertions
+to prevent the Trojans from arriving at the place toward which they were
+impelled by the fates, _i.e._ at which it was fated they should arrive.
+
+As "acti fatis" here, so "fato profugus venit," verse 6; "sedes ubi fata
+quietas ostendunt," verse 209; "data fata secutus," verse 386; "fata
+deum vestras exquirere terras imperiis _egere_ suis" (_AEn._ VII. 239.);
+"fatisque vocantia regna" (_AEn._ v. 656.); &c.; through all which
+expressions runs the one constant idea of the fates _calling_,
+_forcing_, _driving_ (agentia) the Trojans toward Latium.
+
+      II. "Saevus ubi AEacidae telo jacet Hector ubi ingens
+      Sarpedon."--_Virg. AEn._ I. 103.[1]
+
+Observe how the poet surmounts the obvious difficulty of uniting Hector,
+the principal champion of Troy, and Sarpedon, the son of Jove, in one
+and the same sentence, without implying a preference for either, without
+exalting one at the expense of the other; viz., by counterbalancing, by
+an inferior position towards the end of a line, that advantage of
+priority of mention, which he must necessarily give to one of them; and
+by compensating the other for the disadvantage of being placed second in
+order, by the double advantage of first place in a line, and separation
+from the rest of the line by a sudden pause.
+
+      III. "Ubi tot Simois correpta sub undis
+           Scuta virum galeasque et fortia corpora volvit."
+
+      _Virg. AEn._ I. 104.
+
+  "Contendit cum Homero (_Il._ [Greek: m.] 22. _seq._). Potest sane
+  oratio nimis ornata videri ex AEneae persona; sed innumeris locis
+  poetae cum epici, tum tragici, ac lyrici, sibi indulgent in ornatu,
+  etiam ubi alios loquentes inducunt."--HEYNE.
+
+  [Footnote 1: The numbering of the lines is that of the Delphin edition.]
+
+This stricture, very seasonable in a commentary on Statius or Lucan, is
+wholly inapplicable to Virgil; a poet remarkable, above all others, for
+his abstinence from gaudy ornament, and singularly careful to adapt the
+sentiment to the character and circumstances of the speaker. The words
+in the text, or some similar words, were indispensable to give full
+expression to the idea of AEneas; very imperfectly understood either by
+the annotators, or, with the exception of Caro, by the translators:
+_Happy those who died on the plains of Troy, in the sight of their
+sires? Oh! that I, too, had perished there by the hand of Tydides, or
+been swept away along with so many of my friends by the Simois!_
+
+    JAMES HENRY.
+
+  34. Westland Row, Dublin.
+
+
+FOLK LORE.
+
+_Superstitions respecting Bees._--It is a subject for painful
+reflection, that beings of so great skill and useful industry should be
+so liable to take affront, as is proved by the anecdotes related of bees
+by L. L. L. Who would not grieve, that bees--who have been said to
+partake of the Divine nature,
+
+      "Esse apibus partem divinae mentis et haustus
+      AEtherios dixere"--
+
+should reduce themselves, by this susceptibility of offence at (in most
+cases imaginary) neglect, to a level with the weakness and folly of
+human creatures,--I say human creatures; for in the country I have known
+feuds caused by omitting to bid to the funeral of a deceased neighbour,
+or to send black gloves. It was to be hoped that these "offensiones
+muliebres" (we may add "viriles" also) were peculiar to the human race;
+but that, it is apparent, is not so. The custom of giving a piece of the
+funeral cake is new to me; though it looks like want of feeling to be
+greedy of cake in the hour of affliction, yet there is a sort of
+retributive fitness in presenting to these busy people
+
+      "_Melle_ soporatam et medicatis frugibus offam."
+
+It is a grateful acknowledgment of past favours conferred upon the
+deceased head of the family, and a retainer for future services to the
+survivors.
+
+With regard to the custom of informing the bees of a death in the
+family, and the penalty of omitting to do so, I can add to the proof of
+it. I find among some memoranda I made more than five-and-twenty years
+ago, the following note:
+
+  "In Buckinghamshire it is common, on the death of any one of the
+  family, for the nurse to go to all the bee-hives in the garden,
+  and tap gently three times, each time repeating three times these
+  words, 'Little brownie, little brownie, your master's dead;' when
+  the bees, beginning to _hum_, show their consent to remain. The
+  omission of this ceremony, it is believed, would occasion the loss
+  of the bees by flight, or otherwise."
+
+To show that a similar custom and belief, though varying in some
+particulars, are found upon the continent of Europe, I give the
+following extract:
+
+  "In Lithuania, when the master or mistress of the house dies, it
+  is considered necessary to give notice of the fact to the bees,
+  horses, and cows, by rattling a bunch of keys; and it is believed,
+  that if this were omitted the bees and cattle would die."--See the
+  _Journal of Agriculture. Highland and Agricultural Society of
+  Scotland_, Oct. 1848, p. 538.
+
+One word more of bees: "His head is full of bees" is a Scotch proverb,
+said of a drunkard. (Ray's _Proverbs_, p. 198.) "He has a bee in his
+head" is an English proverb. So, "He has a bee in his bonnet." What is
+the meaning? As I was writing the last lines I said to a friend who was
+lounging in his arm-chair by our fireside, "Why is a drunkard's head
+said to be full of bees?" "I don't know," he answered, "unless it is on
+account of their _humming_. You remember," he added,
+
+      "With a pudding on Sundays, with stout _humming_ liquor,
+      And remnants of Latin to welcome the vicar."
+
+The half-hour bell rang before we had done talking of and repeating
+parts of V. Bourne's "The Wish." Many a time has "NOTES AND QUERIES"
+given subjects for talk in our family before and after dinner.
+
+    F. W. T.
+
+Oliver, in his account of Cherry-Burton (_History of Beverley_, p.
+499.), speaks thus on the superstitious practice of informing bees, and
+putting them in mourning on the occasion of a death in the family:
+
+  "The inhabitants entertain a superstitious belief, that when the
+  head of a family dies, it is necessary to clothe the bees in
+  mourning on the funeral day to ensure the future prosperity of the
+  hive."
+
+He then refers to an instance, and says:
+
+  "A scarf of black crape was formally applied to each bee-hive; and
+  an offering of pounded funeral biscuit, soaked in wine, was placed
+  at its entrance."
+
+In a note, he accounts for the ceremony's origin by a quotation from
+Porph. _De Ant. Nymp._, p. 261., in which honey is spoken of as being
+"anciently a symbol of death." For other notices of superstitions in
+reference to bees, see Hone's _Mysteries_, pp. 220. 222. 283.
+
+    R. W. ELLIOT.
+
+I was lately informed by a native of Monmouthshire, that the belief
+relative to bees is entertained in that and some of the adjacent
+counties even by educated persons. My informant gravely assured me that
+though the bees are aware of the approaching event, from the acuteness
+of their organs of smell, they require to be duly and timely
+communicated with on the subject, to induce them to remain with the
+survivors; but if this be neglected, they will desert their hives, and
+disappear. The propriety or necessity of offering them any refreshment
+was not stated.
+
+    YUNAF.
+
+The custom mentioned by L. L. L. still prevails in the Weald of Surrey
+and Sussex; probably through all the southern counties; but certainly in
+the Isle of Wight, where the writer only the other day, on noticing an
+empty apiary in the grounds of a villa, was told that the country people
+attributed its desertion to the bees not having had this formal notice
+of their master's death.
+
+The same superstition is practised in some parts of France, when a
+mistress of the house dies; the formula being much like our English one,
+_i.e._ to tap thrice on the hive, repeating these words, "Petits
+abeilles, votre maitresse est morte."
+
+    A. D.
+
+_Bees invited to Funerals.--North Side of Churchyards._--At Bradfield, a
+primitive village on the edge of the moors, in the parish of
+Ecclesfield, I was informed by a person of much intelligence, that a
+custom has obtained in the district from time immemorial--"for hundreds
+of years" was the expression used--of inviting bees to funerals; and
+that an instance could be produced of the superstition having been
+practised even within the last year. What is done is this. When a death
+occurs, a person is appointed to call the neighbours to the funeral, who
+delivers the invitations in one form of words: "You are invited to the
+funeral of A. B., which is to take place at such an hour, on such a day;
+and there will be dinner on table at----o'clock." And if it should
+happen that bees were kept in the garden of the house where the corpse
+lies (not an unlikely thing near moors), the messenger is instructed to
+address the same invitation to the bees in their hives; because it is
+considered that, if this compliment be omitted, the bees will die.
+
+I asked the sexton of Bradfield why, in a churchyard that was rather
+crowded with graves, there was no appearance of either mound or
+tombstone on the north side? His only answer was, "It's mostly them 'at
+died i' t' workhus is buried at t' backside o' t' church." An instance,
+but no explanation of the prejudice entertained against the north side
+of churchyards.
+
+    ALFRED GATTY.
+
+In answer to your correspondent L. L. L. respecting bee etiquette, I can
+inform him, from my personal observation, that the ceremony of informing
+the bees of their owner's death is in full force in Ashborne,
+Derbyshire, Hinton, Wilts, and even in the highly intellectual city of
+Oxford. The ceremony is the same in all these places. Three taps are
+made on the hives with the house-key, while the informant repeats:
+"Bees, bees, bees, your master is dead, and you must work for ----,"
+naming the future owner. A piece of black crape is then fastened to the
+hive. Many bee owners think it is politic to inform the bees of the
+death of a relation: but in this case they never give the name, but the
+degree of relationship; as "your master's brother, sister, aunt, &c. is
+dead." On weddings the bees always expect to be informed of the
+auspicious event, and to have their hive decorated with a wedding
+favour.
+
+    J. G. WOOD.
+
+  Oxford.
+
+_Ashton Faggot: A Devonshire Custom._--The ashton faggot is burned on
+Christmas eve. The faggot is composed entirely of ash timber, and the
+separate sticks or branches are securely bound together with ash bands.
+The faggot is made as large as can conveniently be burned in the
+fireplace, or rather upon the floor, grates not being in use. A numerous
+company is generally assembled to spend the evening in games and
+amusement, the diversion being heightened as the faggot blazes on the
+hearth, as a quart of cider is considered due, and is called for, and
+served upon the bursting of every hoop or band bound round the faggot.
+The timber being green and elastic, each band generally bursts open with
+a smart report when the individual stick or hoop has been partially
+burned through.
+
+_Offerings to the Apple-trees: Devonshire Superstition._--It was a
+custom in Devonshire, and probably in some of the adjoining counties
+also, to perform the following ceremonial on Old Christmas Eve, or
+Twelfth Day, namely: In the evening the farmer's family and friends
+being assembled, hot wheat-flour cakes were introduced, with cider; and
+this was served round to the company, the cake being dipped in the
+cider, and then eaten. As the evening wore on, the assembled company
+adjourned into the orchard, some one bearing hot cake and cider as an
+offering to the principal tree in the orchard; the cake was deposited on
+a fork of the tree, and the cider was then thrown over it, the men
+firing off muskets, fowling-pieces, pistols, &c., the women, girls, and
+boys shouting and screaming to the trees with all the excitement of
+young Indians the following rhyme:--
+
+      "Bear blue, apples and pears enoug';
+      Barn fulls, bag fulls, sack fulls. Hurrah! hurrah! hurrah!"
+
+Query, Do these customs prevail to this day either in Devonshire or in
+other European countries?
+
+    R. R.
+
+
+POETICAL IMITATION.
+
+It has always been a pleasing office of criticism, to observe how often
+an excellent thought, having sprung from some master mind, or from some
+inferior mind in a happy moment, has been used by succeeding writers.
+
+Homer,
+
+          "a quo, ceu fonte perenni,
+      Vatum Pieriis ora rigantur aquis,"
+
+has, in _Il._ v. 406. _et seq._, the following lines:
+
+      "[Greek: Nepios, oude to oide kata phrena Tydeos hyios
+      Hotti mal' ou denaios, hos athanatoisi machoito,
+      Oude ti min paides poti gounasi pappazousin,
+      Elthont' ek polemoio kai aines deiotetos]."
+
+"The son of Tydeus is foolish and rash, nor is aware that he who fights
+with the immortals is not long-lived, and that _no children, as he
+returns from war and strife, gather round his knees to call him
+father_."
+
+The idea of children saluting their parent at his knees, has been
+adopted, and accompanied with various additions, by several subsequent
+authors. Among the writers in Homer's language, however, we find no
+imitation of it, unless the following lines of Callimachus can be
+regarded as taken from it:
+
+              "[Greek: Patros ephezomene gonatessi
+      Pais eti kourizousa, tade proseeipe gonea,
+      Dos moi parthenien aionion, appa, phylassein]."
+
+"She (_Diana_), yet a child, sitting sportively on the knees of her
+father, said to him, Allow me, dear parent, to preserve a perpetual
+virginity."
+
+In the Latin writers the thought occurs several times. The first in whom
+it is found is Lucretius:
+
+      "At jam non domus adcipiet te laeta, neque uxor
+      Optuma, nec dulces obcurrent oscula natei
+      Praeripere, et tacita pectus dulcedine tangent."
+
+      III. 907.
+
+"But thy cheerful home shall no more receive thee, nor thy excellent
+wife; nor shall thy sweet children run to snatch kisses from thee, and
+touch thy breast with secret delight."
+
+In whose steps Virgil treads:
+
+      "Interea _dulces pendent circum oscula nati_;
+      Casta pudicitiam servat domus."--_Geo._ II. 523.
+
+      "His cares are eased with intervals of bliss;
+      His little children climbing for a kiss,
+      Welcome their father's late return at night;
+      His faithful bed is crown'd with chaste delight."
+
+      Dryden.
+
+(Virgil liked the expression _dulces nati_. He has
+
+      "Nec mihi jam patriam antiquam spes ulla videndi,
+      Nec _dulces natos_ exoptatumque parentem."
+
+      _AEn._ II. 137.
+
+      "Nec _dulces natos_, Veneris nec praemia noris?"
+
+      _AEn._ IV. 33.
+
+      "Sed tota in _dulces_ consument ubera _natos_."
+
+      _Geo._ III. 178.)
+
+Statius, doubtless, had both Lucretius and Virgil in his view, when he
+wrote,
+
+      "Rursus et ex illis soboles nova; grexque protervus
+      Nunc _humeris irreptet avi_, nunc agmine blando
+      Certatim placidae _concurrat ad oscula_ Pollae."
+
+      _Silv._ III. i. 179.
+
+"Again from them springs a new race; a forward little troop, which
+sometimes climb on the shoulders of their grandfather, and sometimes, in
+pleasing congress, run to catch a kiss from the gentle Polla."
+
+Seneca, _Thyest._ I. 145., has another imitation:
+
+      "Exceptus gladio parvulus impio,
+      Dum _currit patrium natus ad osculum_,
+      Immatura focis victima concidit."
+
+"The little Pelops, met by the impious sword, while he was running to
+receive his father's kiss, fell a premature victim on the hearth."
+
+Claudian, _Rapt. Proserp._ III. 173., has another:
+
+                "Haec post cunabula dulci
+      Ferre sinu, summoque Jovi deducere parvam
+      Sueverat, _et genibus ludentem aptare paternis_."
+
+"She was accustomed to bear the little infant, after it had slept in its
+cradle, in her fragrant bosom, to present it to almighty Jove, and to
+place it sporting on its father's knees."
+
+But the best adaptations and expansions of the thought have been among
+the writers of our own country. The earliest allusion to it, I believe,
+occurs in Thomson's description of the traveller lost in the snow:
+
+      "In vain for him th' officious wife prepares
+      The fire fair-blazing, and the vestment warm;
+      In vain his little children, peeping out
+      Into the mingling storm, demand their sire
+      With tears of artless innocence! Alas!
+      Nor wife, nor children, more shall he behold,
+      Nor friends, nor sacred home."--_Winter_, 311.
+
+But this is a less pointed imitation than that of Gray, which succeeded
+it. Gray had his eye on Lucretius:
+
+      "For them no more the blazing hearth shall burn,
+        Or busy housewife ply her evening care;
+      No children run to lisp their sire's return,
+        Or climb his knees the envied kiss to share."
+
+Next followed Collins, in his Ode on the Superstitions of the Highlands,
+who, however, seems to have had Thomson chiefly in view:
+
+      "For him, in vain, his anxious wife shall wait,
+        Or wander forth to meet him on his way;
+      For him, in vain, at to-fall of the day,
+        His babes shall linger at th' unclosing gate:
+      Ah! ne'er shall he return."
+
+To him succeeded Dyer:
+
+      "The little smiling cottage, when at eve
+      He meets his rosy children at the door,
+      Prattling their welcomes, and his honest wife,
+      -------------------------------- intent
+      To cheer his hunger after labour hard."
+
+      __Fleece_, Book I. 120._
+
+Burns has a picture equal to any of these:
+
+      "At length his lonely cot appears in view
+          Beneath the shelter of an aged tree:
+        _Th' expectant wee things, todlin', stacher through
+          To meet their dad with flichterin' noise and glee:_
+          His wee-bit ingle blinkin' bonnilie,
+        His clean hearth-stane, his thrifty wifie's smile,
+          _The lisping infant prattling on his knee_,
+        Does a' his weary carking cares beguile,
+      And makes him quite forget his labour and his toil."
+
+      _Cotter's Saturday Night._
+
+Burns may have taken the thought from Gray, or some other English
+source. But he has not disgraced it by his mode of treating it.
+
+Allen Ramsay, in his _Gentle Shepherd_, has a very pretty allusion to
+children, which I have not at hand to consult, but which concludes with,
+
+      "While all they ettle at, their greatest wis',
+      Is to be made o', and obtain a kiss."
+
+    J. S. W.
+
+  Stockwell.
+
+
+A GLOUCESTER DITTY.
+
+(_From an Old Broadside without date._)
+
+      Come, my very merry gentle people, only list a minute,
+      For tho' my song may not be long there's something comic in
+          it;
+      A stranger I, yet, by the bye, I've ventured in my ditty,
+      To say a word at parting, just in praise of Gloucester city.
+
+      The Romans they this city built, and many folks came down
+          here,
+      Kings Richard, Henry, John, and Ned, did visit Glo'ster town
+          here;
+      King William dined each Christmas here, and Glo'ster folks it
+          pleases,
+      To know the food he relished most was double Berkeley cheeses.
+
+      The ladies, Heaven bless 'em all! as sure as I've a nose on,
+      In former times had only thorns and skewers to stick their
+          clothes on;
+      No damsel then was worth a pin, whate'er it might have cost
+          her,
+      Till gentle Johnny Tilsby came, and invented pins in Glo'ster.
+
+      Your fine cathedral when I saw, tho' much I was delighted,
+      Yet in the whisp'ring gallery I got most sadly frighted;
+      Some question there I asked myself, when not a soul was near
+          me,
+      And suddenly an answer came, as if the walls could hear me.
+
+      The Severn full of salmon fine enriches low and high land,
+      And then, for more variety, you've got a little island;
+      Of which I've read a Taylor's Tale, a dozen verses long, sirs,
+      And may I go to Old Harry, if it's not a clever song, sirs.
+
+      George Ridler's oven, I've been told, contains some curious
+          jokes, sirs,
+      And much of it is said by many Glo'ster folks, sirs;
+      But ovens now are serious things, and from my soul I wish,
+          sirs,
+      Your ovens here many ne'er want bread to fill the poor man's
+          dish, sirs.
+
+      Now if you will but all forgive this slight attempt at rhyme,
+          sirs,
+      I'll promise, like the little boys, to mend another time,
+          sirs;
+      May health, with every blessing, join this company to foster,
+      Till, with your leave, some future time I come again to
+          Glo'ster.
+
+
+GEORGE RIDLER'S OVEN.
+
+(_From a Broadside._)
+
+      The stwons that built George Ridler's oven,
+      And thauy keum from the Bleakeley's Quaar;
+      And George he wur a jolly old mon,
+      And his yead it grawed above his yare.
+
+      One thing of George Ridler I must commend,
+      And that wur vur a notable theng;
+      He meud his braags avoore he died,
+      Wi' ony dree brothers his zons should zeng.
+
+      There's Dick the Treble and John the Mean,
+      (Let ev'ry mon zeng in his auwn pleace)
+      And George he wur the elder brother,
+      And therevoore he would zeng the Beass.
+
+      Mine Hostess' moid (and her neaum 'twur Nell),
+      A pretty wench, and I loved her well;
+      I loved her well, good reazun whoy,
+      Because zhe loved my dog and I.
+
+      My dog is good to catch a hen,
+      A duck or goose is vood vor men;
+      And where good company I spy,
+      O thether gwoes my dog and I.
+
+      My mother told I when I wur young,
+      If I did vollow the strong beer pwoot,
+      That drenk would pruv my auverdrow,
+      And meaak me vear the thread bare cwoart.
+
+      My dog has gotten sich a troick,
+      To visit moids when thoiy be zick;
+      When thoiy be zick and loik to die,
+      O, thether gwoes my dog and I.
+
+      When I have dree zixpences under my thumb,
+      O, then I be welcome wherever I keum;
+      But when I have none, O then I pass by,
+      'Tis poverty pearts good company.
+
+      If I should die as it may hap,
+      My greauve shall be under the green yeal tap;
+      In voulded earmes there wool us lie,
+      Cheek by jowl, my dog and I.
+
+The foregoing is a very famous old Gloucestershire ballad, corrected
+according to the fragments of a MS. found in the Speech-house of Dean
+several centuries ago, and used to be sung at the meetings of the
+Gloucestershire Society, a charitable institution held at the Crown and
+Anchor in the Strand.
+
+Both these ballads are literally copied from the Broadsides.
+
+    H. G. D.
+
+
+THE CAXTON COFFER.
+
+The biographers of Caxton may be divided into two classes; those who
+wrote before the publication of the _Typographical antiquities_, A.D.
+1749, and those who wrote after that date. The same distinction may be
+made with regard to those who have incidentally noticed his life or
+publications.
+
+The principal writers of the first period are Leland, Bale, Stow, Pits,
+Fuller, Nicolson, Middleton, Birch, Oldys, Lewis and Tanner. At the
+present moment, I must content myself with a critical remark on the mode
+in which Leland has been so often quoted. The first passage contains the
+expression to which I allude.
+
+  (1.) "Gulielmus Caxodunus, _Angliae prototypographus_, haec, aut
+  similia his, Anglice refert" etc.
+
+  (2.) "Quanquam priusquam id, quod modo sum pollicitus,
+  praestitero, non alienum meo erit instituto palam facere
+  _Gulielmum Caxodunum_, hominem nec indiligentem, nec indoctum,
+  _et quem constat primum_ LONDINI _artem exercuisse
+  typographicam_, Chauceri opera, quotquot vel pretio vel precibus
+  comparare potuit, in unum volumen collegisse."
+
+The incidental expression _Angliae prototypographus_ has been considered
+as a proof that Leland discredited the typographical claims of Oxford.
+The second quotation conveys an opposite notion. I tax no one, however,
+with unfairness, but ascribe the oversight to reliance on the _Index
+scriptorum a Joanne Lelando laudatorum_, which refers only to the first
+quotation.
+
+    BOLTON CORNEY.
+
+
+Minor Notes.
+
+_Note on the Duration of Reigns._--As Mr. Clinton and others have
+endeavoured to invalidate Newton's conclusions with respect to the
+length of reigns, by examples from modern history, I have made a Note on
+that subject which may be of use. Taking in the times which may be
+supposed most to resemble those to which the question refers, we find in
+England, from Alfred to the Conquest, 13 kings in 166 years:
+
+      From 1066 to 1272     8 kings      206 yrs.
+      From 1272 to 1837    27   "        565  "
+
+An average on the whole of 19-1/2 years.
+
+If we add the time from Egbert, 5 kings, 73 yrs., the average becomes 19
+yrs.
+
+The average from 1272 is only 21.
+
+      In France 559 to 814   18 kings    255 yrs.
+           "    814   1830   47   "     1016  "
+
+Average 19-1/2.
+
+Average from 814 only 21-1/2.
+
+In Germany 840 to 1835 50 emper. 995 yrs. Average not 20.
+
+Turks 1299 to 1808, 30 sover. 509 yrs. Average 17.
+
+Scotland 1057 to 1567, 20 kings 510 yrs. Average 25-1/2
+
+Spain 1479 to 1833, 14 kings 354 yrs. Average 25.
+
+Portugal 1102 to 1826, 27 kings 724 yrs. Average not 21.
+
+Denmark 1157 to 1839, 28 kings 672 yrs. Average 25.
+
+Russia 1722 to 1825, 9 sover. 103 yrs. Average 11-1/2 yrs.
+
+Total: 294 sovereigns, 6085 years; being an average of about 20-2/3,
+although including the latest times. It is evidently unfair to take
+recent times only, as Hales, Clinton, &c. do.
+
+    ALTRON.
+
+_Cock and Bull Story._--One of your correspondents, in a late reply
+(Vol. iv., p. 243.), alludes to "a marvellous or _cock and bull_ story."
+Query, as to the origin of this saying. From an early number of the
+_Phonetic Journal_ made the following Note.
+
+Dr. Burgess, a Methodist preacher, who often indulged in pointed
+remarks, perceiving some young men attending his preaching, whose
+behaviour plainly showed that amusement was their only object, turned
+his discourse, and addressed himself particularly to them as follows:--
+
+  "Young men, I know you are come to hear a story, and I will tell
+  you one. There was once a man, a cock, and a bull, who, being
+  intimate, agreed to travel together. They had not gone far on
+  their journey when they found themselves on the brink of a river,
+  which they had determined to cross, but could discover neither
+  bridge nor ferry. After a consultation it was agreed the cock
+  should first make the attempt of crossing the water, which he did
+  without much difficulty; the bull afterwards plunged into the
+  stream, and by mere strength waded through. The man, not being
+  able to swim, was afraid to follow his companions; and while they
+  were encouraging him from the other side to get over, he was
+  observed to cut some osiers which grew by the water-side. Perhaps
+  you imagine these were intended to form a vehicle for conveying
+  him across the river? No such thing, I assure you. What other
+  purpose could he design them for? I will tell you, young men; it
+  was to lash the backs of those fools who chose to hear a story of
+  a cock and a bull, rather than the word of God."
+
+    PHILIP S. KING.
+
+"_Multa renascentur_," _&c._--To show how stories are made standing
+dishes with what we may call _current sauce_ (no pun intended), take the
+following:--If we believe anything to have happened in our own day, that
+is, in Liverpool or Castlereagh time, it is the anecdote of the
+borough-monger who would answer nothing to the excuses of the minister,
+except "There are five of us." This story was told as an old one in the
+_Telegraph_ in 1798; and a long dialogue was given between Lord
+Falmouth, who wanted the Captaincy of the Yeomen of the Guard, and Henry
+Pelham, who had promised it elsewhere. To all the poor minister could
+say, the peer could only answer, "There are _seven_ of us." I hope that,
+in an age when coincidences are sought for, Wordsworth will not be
+suspected of plagiarism.
+
+Again, what reader of gossip does not know that when George III. went to
+Weymouth, the Mayor, in making his address, mistook the private
+directions of his prompter for parts of his address, and gave it the
+King as follows:--"Hold up your head, and look like a man--what the ----
+do you mean?... By ----, Sir, you'll ruin us all." This story was told
+in a newspaper in 1797, as having happened between James II. and the
+Mayor of Winchester.
+
+In the _Monthly Magazine_ in 1798, is a paper on peculiarities of
+expression, among which are several which we flatter ourselves belong to
+our own time. For instance, "to _cut_ a person," which was then current:
+some tried to change it into _spear_, but failed. Also, to _vote_, as in
+"he voted it a bad lounge;" and the words _bore_, _done up_, _dished_,
+&c.; not forgetting _spilt_ for "upset" in a carriage.
+
+The parliamentary phrases of "catching the speaker's eye," "being upon
+his legs," "meeting the ideas of the house," "committing himself,"
+"taking shame to himself," "being free to confess," "putting a question
+roundly," "answering it fairly," "pushing an investigation," are all
+noted as then worthy of remark. And, if we are to trust the article
+cited, the word _truism_ was born and bred in the House of Commons, in
+the sense of a forcible and undeniable truth. And the same origin is
+given to the idiom "in my own mind" as in "I feel no doubt, in my own
+mind,..."
+
+    M.
+
+_Corruptions recognised as acknowledged Words._--I recollect two curious
+historical instances of mere vulgar mis-pronunciation, which have
+established themselves in use; perhaps others of your readers may
+mention more, which it would be interesting to trace to their origin.
+
+_Massaniello_ is universally recognised as the name of the celebrated
+Neapolitan insurrectionist, who at one time nearly overturned the
+government of that kingdom. How few who use the word are aware that
+"Mas-Aniello" is but a corruption of _Thomas Aniello_, so pronounced by
+his vulgar companions, and now raised to the dignity of an historical
+name.
+
+_Hougoumont_ is a conspicuous feature of the great field of Waterloo,
+and a name familiarly used in speaking of the famous battle; in course
+of time it will be forgotten that this is a mere mistake, said to have
+originated with the great general who achieved the victory, catching up
+from the peasantry around, the sound of _Chateau Goumont_, the real name
+of the little rural demesne in question. Nobody doubts, however, the
+right of the "Great Duke" to call a place he has made so famous by any
+name he might please to apply, and so _Hougoumont_ it will remain while
+history lasts.
+
+    A. B. R.
+
+
+
+
+Queries.
+
+
+MARY QUEEN OF SCOTS AND BOTHWELL'S CONFESSION.
+
+Although Mr. Cosh, at p. 248. of his admirable work on _The Method of
+Divine Government_, observes on the rapidity with which females descend
+to the depths of sin, the old apothegm, "Nemo repenti turpissimus fuit,"
+recurs when thinking of Mary Queen of Scots, and leads me to ask the
+following question. Permit me to preface it with a remark. Mary is
+represented by all contemporary and subsequent writers to have been,
+from her earliest years to the death of Darnley, worthily beloved for
+her amiable qualities of heart and her superiority of intellect, and
+then to have fallen suddenly into an abyss of sin and wickedness,
+comprising domestic treason, murder, perjury, the subornation of
+perjurers, adultery, the conniving at divorce without adequate grounds,
+and all the other crimes connected with such proceedings; and then,
+after fifteen months of such a desperate course, to have risen to her
+former elevation, and have passed the remainder of her life with
+dignity, calmness, resignation, and in the habitual exercise of sincere
+piety, and to have met her death with a degree of heroism which has
+secured the admiration of posterity, and strengthened the doubts of her
+being guilty of the crimes imputed to her. The whole controversy, from
+Buchanan to Bell, is, I take for granted, known to your readers. Your
+publication is not the place suited to an examination of such mental
+operations, which are without a historical prototype, and without a
+known parallel. If any light can be thrown on any part of this subject,
+it becomes an act of historical justice, a work of Christian charity to
+Mary, and an illustration of the workings of the mind in a great
+emergency.
+
+The late Chevalier Bronsted, of whose learning and accuracy his
+archaeological works bear record, and whose straightforward simplicity of
+mind was highly estimated by all who knew him, had read in manuscript
+the second part of the confession of Bothwell, made previous to his
+death. I think the manuscript was in the private cabinet of the King of
+Denmark. In that confession he owned to have _violated_ the person of
+Mary, and that she became enceinte; that she miscarried, and immediately
+took measures to rid herself of him. Concluding that event to have
+transpired, there seems to be some clue to her forwarding the discussion
+of her council, and acquiescing in their request to marry Bothwell. A
+young queen, surrounded by ruffians, barbarians, and selfish and
+unprincipled leaders of factions, placed in a situation in which every
+feeling of the woman was outraged, every sentiment lacerated, her
+honour, her station, her life in jeopardy, her memory liable to
+degradation and disgrace, in terror, having in such extremity no friend
+to whom she could apply for advice and succour, she may have been
+induced to adopt means for her safety which, if injudicious, were
+excusable. My request is, to learn if any of your correspondents have
+seen or are cognisant of this very curious and important document.
+
+    AEGROTUS.
+
+
+Minor Queries.
+
+229. "_'Tis Twopence now," &c._--Can any of your correspondents tell me
+where the following lines are to be found?--
+
+      "At length in an unearthly tone I heard these accents drop,
+      'Sarvice is done, 'tis tuppence now for them as wants to stop.'"
+
+I met with them in a newspaper (I think the _Morning Herald_) between
+twenty and thirty years ago, but I believe they have been transferred to
+that sheet from the pages of some periodical. The lines above given are
+the concluding lines of the piece; the preceding lines were devoted to
+the description of the dying away of the tones of the organ, and the
+musings of the poet amongst the tombs in Westminster Abbey.
+
+    REMIGIUS.
+
+230. _Scythians blind their Slaves._--Can any of your correspondents
+explain to me the reason why, according to Herodotus, the Scythians used
+to blind their slaves? The passage is in chapter ii. book iv. I believe
+the reasoning to be hopelessly unreasonable, and have always been told
+that it is so, though I have met with many who have read the chapter
+again and again without even noticing the difficulty. The question is
+this:--What are we to supply in thought in order to connect the practice
+of blinding the slaves with the process of milking the mares, and
+stirring the milk to separate the cream or butter from it? Is it thus?
+The Scythians only feed cattle, and have no other use for slaves than to
+stir the milk, which they can do when blinded, at the same time that
+they are unable to escape, having been deprived of sight, and so their
+masters have not the trouble of watching them. This does not satisfy me;
+nor will it, I think, satisfy any one else.
+
+    THEOPHYLACT.
+
+  Blackheath.
+
+231. _The "Gododin."_--In the Note on "The Antiquity of Kilts," MR.
+STEPHENS quotes the _Gododin_, an ancient poem, or poems, on which there
+is great diversity of opinion regarding its contents. The _Gododin_ was
+written or composed by Aneurin, in the dialect of the Northumbrian
+Britons, about the year 510, according to Llwyd. It is evident that a
+work of this description, with the usual accidents attending on
+transmission, must necessarily be somewhat obscure at the present day.
+Indeed, it appears to be so much so, that there are two very different
+versions; one giving it as the description of a battle, in which the
+intoxicated Britons were easy victims to the swords of the "stranger;"
+the other version, by the Rev. E. Davies, refers it to the "Brad y
+Cyllyll Hirion," (or, Plot of the Long Knives), or massacre of the
+British chiefs at Stonehenge, during a feast. Now as this event is
+stated to have occurred in 472, the Dinogat of Aneurin is not the
+Dinogat of 577. Moreover Davies describes him as Octa, a son of the
+Saxon Hengist. As MR. STEPHENS does not follow this version, and as he
+has given considerable attention to those subjects, perhaps he is
+enabled to decide this _questio vexata_. It should be observed that
+Davies accompanies his version with reasons that give it much weight.
+
+    GOMER.
+
+232. _Frontispiece to Hobbes's Leviathan._--There are curious
+circumstances about this frontispiece which some of your readers may
+explain. The figure of Leviathan represents the upper part of a man with
+a crown on his head, a sword in his right hand, and a crozier in his
+left, the body and arms being made up of small human figures in various
+dresses. In the common editions the face has a manifest resemblance to
+Cromwell (the work was published in 1651), although it wears, as I have
+said, a regal crown. But in the copy belonging to Trinity College
+Library, the face appears to be intended for Charles I. The engraving of
+this copy is very much worse than the other, and is not worked into the
+same careful detail by the artist, though the outline is the same: and
+the text of the book is a separate and worse impression, though the
+errata are the same with the other copies, as well as the date. How
+Hobbes himself, or any other person, should come to print the Leviathan
+in this manner, it seems difficult to explain.
+
+I have also a small French translation of Hobbes, _De Corpore Politico_,
+dated 1652, which has a similar figure for a frontispiece, but with an
+upright sword in the right, and a balance in the left, hand.
+
+    W. W.
+
+  Cambridge.
+
+233. _Broad Arrow or Arrow Head._--What is the origin of the arrow head
+as a government mark?
+
+    [Arrow symbol]
+
+234. _Deep Well near Bansted Downs._--Mr. Robert Hooke, professor at
+Gresham College, writing in 1674, says he has--
+
+  "seen at a gentleman's house, not far from Bansted-Downs in
+  Surrey, a well which is dug through a body of chalk, and is near
+  360 feet deep, and yet dry almost to the very bottom."
+
+Is this well still known, and can any of your correspondents vindicate
+its situation, and give any particulars relating to it? The pamphlet in
+which it is mentioned is curious, for it is "an attempt to prove the
+motion of the earth [in its orbit] from observations." It will be
+observed that the work was written in the year 1674.
+
+    W. S. G.
+
+  Newcastle-upon-Tyne.
+
+235. _Upton Court._--About nine miles from Reading, on the road to
+Newbury, and removed about two miles from the high road, is an ancient
+manor house called Upton Court. It is most curious as to architecture,
+and is a most interesting specimen of the houses of the gentry of former
+days. It belonged to a Catholic family of the name of Perkins. The
+chapel, in the house, and the hiding-place for priests, can still be
+seen. It is said that Pope wrote the _Rape of the Lock_ there. I should
+be glad to know if any of your correspondents can confirm this fact from
+authentic evidence.
+
+    A. E.
+
+236. _Derivation of Prog._--In Vol. iv., p. 175., _Pirog_ is stated to
+be the Russian custom of the mistress of a family distributing on
+certain occasions bread or cake to her guests.
+
+Query, Is this the origin of our slang word _prog_, meaning provisions?
+
+    J. SS.
+
+237. _Metrical History of England._--I am nearly an octogenarian,
+consequently I ought to have something better, and humbly hope I have
+something better, to employ my thoughts than relics of old ditties and
+forgotten rhymes. Still the recurring questions of numerous
+grandchildren compel one to resort to long forgotten lore, and to
+request those whose memory still survives to compensate for the
+deficiencies of my own. I am particularly anxious to recover my lapsis
+in the following metrical, yet _logical_, history of England, which I
+have long ago forgotten:
+
+      "William and William, and Henry and Stephen,
+      And Henry the Second, _to make the First even_."
+
+If either MR. HALLIWELL, or DR. RIMBAULT, will favour me, they will
+confer a great obligation, and add much to the hilarity of my ensuing
+Christmas table.
+
+    MAERIS.
+
+238. _Finger Pillories in Churches._--Besides some interesting
+monuments, &c., to be found in the church of Ashby-de-la-Zouch, there
+stands under the western gallery a _finger pillory_, or stocks to
+confine the fingers only: it is fastened at its right-hand extremity
+into the wall, and consists of two pieces of oak; the bottom and fixed
+piece is three feet eight inches long; the width of the whole is four
+and a half inches, and when closed it is five inches deep: the left-hand
+extremity is supported by a leg of the same width as the top, and two
+feet six inches in length; the upper piece is joined to the lower by a
+hinge, and in this lower and fixed horizontal part are thirteen
+perpendicular holes, varying in size; the largest are towards the right
+hand: these holes are sufficiently deep to admit the finger to the
+second joint, and a slight hollow is made to receive the third one,
+which lies flat; there is of course a corresponding hollow in the top or
+movable part, which, when shut down, incloses the whole finger.
+
+Its use is stated to have been for the punishment of persons guilty of
+mal-practices during divine service: truly, a mischievous urchin, or a
+lout of a farm servant, dragged off to the stocks, must have been a
+scene extremely edifying to the congregation, particularly if the
+offenders were obstreperous, and had no inclination whatever to be in a
+fix.
+
+Query, Is there another known instance of stocks for the fingers alone,
+and applied to similar purposes?
+
+    THOS. LAWRENCE.
+
+  Ashby-de-la-Zouch.
+
+239. _Stallenge Queries._--1. What was the christian name, birth, and
+parentage of the Stallenge who planted the mulberry trees at Sion House
+at the commencement of the seventeenth century?
+
+2. What was the name of the _first wife_ of that Sir Nicholas Stallenge
+who, towards the close of the sixteenth century, married as his _second
+wife_ Florence Kenn, widow of Sir Christopher Kenn, of Kenn, in the
+county of Somerset?
+
+3. What city or castle in England was Sir Thomas Stallenge his son
+governor of?
+
+4. What was the name of the wife of the said Sir Thomas Stallenge?
+
+    M. C. U.
+
+240. _Ancient MS. History of Scotland._--In the year 1796, there was in
+the possession of the Rev. Robert Rennie, minister of Kilsyth,
+Stirlingshire, an old MS. which that gentleman (in Sir John Sinclair's
+_Statistical Account_) thus describes:--
+
+  "It seems to be a chronicle of Scotland. The most of it is
+  legible. It takes up the history of Scotland at the Christian era,
+  and contains a regular series of all the remarkable events in
+  every king's reign, with the name of the kings, down to the year
+  1565. I have compared it with many histories and annals of
+  Scotland, but am of opinion that it is an original, and not a
+  copy."
+
+Can any of your correspondents give any additional information regarding
+it?
+
+    ABERDONIENSIS.
+
+241. _Pharetram de Tutesbit._--Can you tell me the meaning of _Pharetram
+de Tutesbit_ and _sagittas flectatas_ in the following?
+
+  "William de Gresely tenet manerium de Drakelow in Com. Derby in
+  Capite, et reddit unum arcum sine corda, et unum Pharetram de
+  Tutesbit, et duodecim Sagittas flectatas, et unum
+  buzonem."--Blount's _Tenures_.
+
+    H. N. E.
+
+  Bitton Vicarage, Oct. 1851.
+
+242. _Inundation at Deptford._--In Lysons' _Environs of London_, vol.
+iv. p. 359., it is stated that in the year 1671 a great inundation
+happened at and near Deptford, which did much mischief, so that the
+inhabitants were obliged to retire in boats to the upper town, and that
+an account of it was extant in a small pamphlet published at the time.
+If any of your correspondents could inform me where a copy of this is to
+be met with, or give me any further particulars concerning the
+occurrence, I should feel very much obliged.
+
+    W. H. HART.
+
+  New Cross.
+
+243. _Butler's Sermons._--In the account of Bishop Butler, attached to
+his works, mention is made of MS. sermons, from which those which have
+been published were selected. Is it known if there are any writings of
+his in existence, and where they are? His executor was Dr. Nathaniel
+Foster.
+
+    L.
+
+244. _Coleridge's Christabel._--Can any one familiar with the _Coleridge
+Papers_ inform me whether the following is a veritable fragment of the
+poet's own continuation of _Christabel_, or perhaps of one of those
+conclusions (some serious, some jocose) which we owe to Tupper, Moir,
+and Maginn?
+
+      "This was the lovely lady's cry--
+      'Holy One! who camest to die,
+      Camest, yea, to die for me
+      Who have despite done to Thee--
+      And didst feel the proud man's scorn,
+      And the woe of one forlorn--
+      Whose heavenly eyes were brimmed with tears
+      For the sorrows of human years;
+      Whose holy hands were pierced through,
+      Whose feet long toil and travel knew,
+      Who felt all grief, all wild despair,
+      That the race of man may ever bear.
+      O look down from thy placid sky,
+        Upon a maiden worn with woe,
+      Who in snowy chastity,
+        Has passed the years of life below!
+      O let no spirit of affright,
+      Visit me this ghastly night!'
+
+      "So she prayed: and listening,
+      Stood beside the magic spring,
+      But only heard the brookless plash,
+      And the berries fall from the mountain ash,
+      And the cry of birds in the woods away,
+      And the step of the roe over lichens gray."
+
+    MORTIMER COLLINS.
+
+245. _Epigram ascribed to Mary Queen of Scots._--When the Queen visited
+the library of Trinity College, Dublin, in 1849, she was shown an early
+edition of Sallust, which had belonged to Mary Queen of Scots, and has
+her autograph signature, and many MS. notes and a MS. Latin epigram,
+_supposed_ to be her Majesty's composition. The volume is a small
+quarto, title _Opera Sallustiana_, with the date 1523, and a colophon:
+
+  "Impressus per Antonium Blanchard anno domini M. quingentessimo
+  xxiii. pridie Kalend. Sextilis."
+
+But on a page following the title there appears--
+
+  "Ex officina nostra caleographa Parrhisiis pridie Kalendas
+  Novembris anni hujus M. CCCCC quarti."
+
+The volume was presented to the College library by Mr. Croker, as
+appears by a _dono dedit_ in his handwriting, and by the following note
+in that of the learned Dr. Barrett:--
+
+  "This book, which formerly belonged to Mary Queen of Scots, was
+  presented by James I. to Bishop Hall (fol. 90.), and presented to
+  this library, July 26, 1800, by John Wilson Croker, F.C., A.B."
+
+The presentation by James to the Bishop is thus recorded:--
+
+  "Hunk [sic] librum Jacobus rex dono dedit amico suo reverendo
+  Doctori Hall."
+
+These details may interest bibliographers, as I do not find any notice
+of this edition in Dibdin, or any other work within my reach[2] but the
+main object of my curiosity is the Latin epigram in the Queen's hand,
+and supposed (I suspect erroneously) to be her composition. The lines
+are:
+
+      "Saepe meae dixi 'tandem discede' puellae--
+        In gremio sedit protinus illa meo;
+       Saepe 'pudet' dixi; Lacrimis vix illa retentis
+        'Me miseram cur te,' dixit 'amare pudet?'"
+
+  [Footnote 2: [See Panzer's _Annales Typog._, vol. vii. p. 335.]]
+
+The obvious reason for doubting _ex facie_ that this is the Queen's
+composition, is its masculine character; but some of your many learned
+correspondents may be able to say whether the verses are to be found
+elsewhere, and attributed to any other author?
+
+I myself have not seen the volume for above fifty years; but the
+foregoing extracts have been furnished me by a friend who lately
+examined it. One curious particular, however, I remember. The capital
+letters at the head of the several divisions of the work are, after the
+manner of the time, ornamented with _devices_, and one of these, which
+Queen Mary _must_ have seen (if _she_, indeed, wrote the MS. notes), is
+of a most grotesque character, totally unfit for a lady's, or indeed for
+any body's eye; and I dare say _that_ page was not exhibited in 1849.
+
+    C.
+
+
+Minor Queries Answered.
+
+_Meaning of Farlieu._--Devonshire leases for lives often reserve a money
+payment on the death of each life as a "heriot" or "farlieu." Can you
+inform me of the etymology and meaning of the latter word? it appears
+almost synonymous with "heriot."
+
+    CLERICUS.
+
+  [Bailey, in his _Dictionary_, says "_Farleu_ or _Farley_ is a duty
+  of sixpence paid to the lord of the manor of West Slapton in
+  Devonshire, in the western parts; _farleu_ being distinguished as
+  the best good thing from _heriot_ the best beast."]
+
+"_History of Anglesey._"--I would be glad if any of your readers can
+afford me any information regarding the writer of a work bearing the
+following title:--
+
+  "A History of the Island of Anglesey, from its first Invasion by
+  the Romans, until finally acceded to the Crown of England, &c.
+  Serving as a Supplement to Rowlands' Mona Antiqua Restaurata. To
+  which are also added, Memoirs of Owen Glendower, 4to. Lond. 1775,
+  pp. 88."
+
+Watt, in his _Bibliotheca Britannica_, ascribes to Dr. John Campbell,
+author of a _Political Survey of Great Britain_, &c., &c., the
+authorship of a little world entitled--
+
+  "A true and exact Description of the Island of Shetland, &c.
+  Together with an account of the Great White Herring Fishery of
+  that place, 12 mo. Lond. 1750, and 2d ed. 1753."
+
+In the preface the writer states that he spent five years in Shetland.
+Now I want to know if Dr. Campbell ever spent five years in Shetland;
+for if not, he could not be the author, though it would appear from vol.
+i. p. 679. of the _Political Survey_ that he had at least visited
+Shetland more than once. Also, as I have only the second edition, if any
+one would be so kind as to give me a copy of the title-page of the first
+edition, and the number of pages, I would feel obliged, as I suspect
+that in both these respects the editions differ.
+
+    [Greek: Boreas.]
+
+  [The following is a copy of the title-page of the first edition of
+  the latter work:--"An Exact and Authentic Account of the greatest
+  White Herring Fishery in Scotland, carried on yearly in the Island
+  of Zetland, by the Dutch only. The Method the Dutch use in
+  catching the Herrings, and an exact account of their way of
+  curing, and lasting, or casking them. And a Method laid down
+  whereby we may easily engross that profitable branch of trade into
+  our own hands. To which is prefixed a Description of the Island,
+  its situation, produce, the manners and customs of the
+  inhabitants, and their method of trading with the Dutch. By a
+  Gentleman who resided Five Years on the Island. London: Printed
+  for Joseph Davidson, at the Angel, in the Poultry, 1750." Pp. 34,
+  and a Preface to the Candid Reader of three pages.]
+
+_The Word "Rile."_--May I add to the _East-Anglian Vocabulary_ the
+adjective _rile_ = muddy? "The water is too _rile_ to drink" was the
+remark of a servant the other day. The verb _to rile_ is given in
+Forby's _Vocabulary_.
+
+    CHARLES THIRIOLD.
+
+  [Is not _rile_ a corruption of the American colloquialism _royle_
+  or _roil_, to make turbid by stirring up the sediment, or to make
+  angry? Theodore de la Guard, in _The Simple Cobler of Aggawam_, p.
+  2. A.D. 1647, says: "Sathan is now in his passions, he feeles his
+  passion approaching: he loves to fish in _royled_ waters."]
+
+
+
+
+Replies.
+
+
+WINCHESTER EXECUTION.
+
+(Vol. iv., pp. 191. 243. 284.)
+
+The pathetic story of a person sentenced to death for sheep-stealing,
+winning the heart of the gaoler by a long course of good conduct, and
+executed at last on the "death-warrant" being found in the office, is
+utterly apocryphal. There has not been such a thing as a death-warrant
+in England for centuries, except in London and Middlesex (where the
+recorder communicated the pleasure of the crown to _spare_ certain
+prisoners, and leave others to their fate, in an instrument improperly
+so called), and in the special case referred to hereafter. It was
+necessary, when sentence was pronounced by Commissioners of Oyer and
+Terminer, that a precept under their hands and seals should be made out;
+but in the case of Commissioners of Gaol Delivery the entry on record of
+the judgement of the court is sufficient; and though a calendar is now
+made out, and delivered to the sheriff, specifying the several
+sentences or acquittals of all the prisoners in gaol, yet it is not
+necessary. Lord Hale says:
+
+  "_Rolle_ would never subscribe any such calendar, but would
+  command the sheriff openly in court to take notice of the
+  judgments and orders of what kind soever, and command the sheriff
+  to execute them at his peril."
+
+And, until a few years ago (when the law requiring murderers to be
+executed the day next but one after sentence was repealed), murderers
+were executed on verbal authority only, as no calendar was made out
+until the close of the assizes, some time after the execution. The
+special case above referred to is, when a person was tried by the Court
+of Peers before the Lord High Steward, in which case that officer issued
+a precept for execution. But if the trial be in parliament, a writ for
+execution issues under the Great Seal, as in the case of Lord William
+Russell.
+
+Having demolished one story, I feel bound to give you another.
+
+The Crown never directs execution, but respites it either to a day
+fixed, or during her Majesty's pleasure, which last is what is commonly
+called a _reprieve_. A late learned Baron is said to have respited an
+unlucky criminal on whose fate he hesitated, once, twice, thrice, till,
+having lost his reckoning, he wrote to this effect:
+
+  "I do not know whether John Smith's respite has expired; if it
+  has, it is no matter; if not, let the execution be further
+  respited until the ---- day of ---- next."
+
+    A. B.
+
+I have seen in an Exeter paper an article taken from "NOTES AND
+QUERIES," entitled "Execution under singular Circumstances," the writer
+of which is in manifest error. There is no such thing as a warrant for
+execution; I will venture to say it could not have happened as is
+therein stated. I have been repeatedly undersheriff of Devon, and
+therefore beg to state the mode in which executions take place.
+
+At the end of the assizes the crown-bar judge and the clerk of assize
+sit down quietly together, and go over the sentences of the prisoners,
+after which they are classed, and a fair copy signed by the clerk of the
+assize--not the judge--is delivered to the undersheriff, which is his
+only authority for carrying the different sentences into execution. If a
+man is to be hung, opposite his name is written, "Let him be hanged by
+the neck," and an asterisk is added to draw the undersheriff's
+attention. Should the man afterwards be respited, the judge, or the
+clerk of assize, writes to the undersheriff, and also (_ex abundanti
+cautela_) to the gaoler, to say so. Should the undersheriff hear nothing
+further, he hangs the man at the end of the respite, as a matter of
+course. A reprieve comes from the secretary of state's office. At the
+end of the shrievalty this list of sentences is sent to the Court of
+Exchequer, as forming part of what is called the Bill of Cravings, and
+in which the sheriff is allowed a certain sum towards the expenses of
+the execution. What may be the practice in _London_ I do not know, but
+the above would be the practice at Winchester.
+
+    P. J.
+
+  Exeter, Sept. 15. 1851.
+
+
+COCKNEY.
+
+(Vol. iv., p. 237.)
+
+Halliwell illustrates this word by a quotation from Nash's _Pierce
+Penilesse_, 1592:
+
+  "A young heyre or _cockney_, that is his mother's darling, if hee
+  playde the waste-good at the innes of the court, or about London,
+  falles in a quarrelling humor with his fortune, because she made
+  him not king of the Indies."
+
+Richardson gives the following quotation from Fuller's _Worthies_:
+
+  "I meet with a double sense of this word _cockeney_.... 1st, One
+  coaks'd or cockered, made a wanton or nestle-cock of.... 2nd, One
+  utterly ignorant of husbandry and housewifery, such as is
+  practised in the country...."
+
+Webster gives the following derivation, &c.:
+
+  "COCKNEY, _n._ [Most probably from L. _coquina_, a kitchin, or
+  _coquino_, to cook; Fr. _coquin_, idle; Fr. _cocagne_, It.
+  _cuccagna_, an imaginary country of idleness and luxury....
+  Hence, a citizen who leads an idle life, or never leaves the
+  city.]
+
+  "1. A native of London, by way of contempt. _Watts. Shak._
+
+      "'And yet I say by my soul I have no salt bacon
+      Ne no _cokeney_ by Christe coloppes to make.'
+
+      "'At that feast were they served in rich array;
+      Every five and five had a _cokeney_.'"
+
+Chaucer, in the above lines quoted by Webster, probably refers to any
+substantial dish of fresh meat, which might be cut in collops; possibly,
+however, to young roasted pigs, which, as every one knows, are
+continually running about, all over the land of cockaigne, with knives
+and forks stuck into them, crying, "Come eat me, come eat me."
+
+Whether the word cockney be derived from the the land of cockaigne, or
+the legend of cockaigne arise from cockney, it appears probable that
+both words have their origin in the same root with the verb _to cook_,
+and that the epithet originally conveyed the imputation to citizens, of
+a superfluous consumption of cooked meat; inasmuch as the inhabitants of
+large cities generally consider the daily use of fresh meat almost as a
+necessary of life, while the provincial population is content to exist
+on less nutritious food.
+
+Whatever may be the original import of the epithet, the modern
+application of it is, I believe, confined to the natives of the
+metropolis, and it corresponds in use and signification with the terms
+_rustic_ and _chaw-bacon_, which distinguish the natives of the
+provinces; the latter term being exclusively appropriated to
+agriculturalists. Epithets, apparently of similar origin, exist in the
+seaman's _land-lubber_, the landsman's _jack-tar_, the Englishman's
+_froggy_, and the Frenchman's _ros-bif_.
+
+Londoners themselves appear to have a theoretical notion that the
+inhabitants of Belgravia, and other enlightened metropolitan districts,
+are strictly entitled to the designation _cockney_, in virtue of their
+birth and residence within the sound of Bow-bells; but practically limit
+its application to those members of the lower, and more ignorant classes
+of the community, who traditionally retain some of the obsolete idioms,
+and other peculiarities of speech, of our Anglo-Saxon forefathers.
+
+    A LONDONER.
+
+
+SIR EDMUND PLOWDEN OR PLOYDEN.
+
+(Vol. iv., p. 58.)
+
+For the information of your correspondent A TRANSATLANTIC READER, I beg
+to inform him that Sir Edmund Plowden or Ployden was 2nd son of Francis
+Plowden of Plowden, Salop, and Shiplake in Berks: a family which can
+claim its descent from the Saxon kings of England; and by a Saxon
+charter, granting lands in Salop to the family, that the family had
+large estates in that remote period. The Saxon derivation of the name
+(from the Saxon _Plean deen_, or kill the Dane) alone shows the great
+antiquity of the family; and there are few, if any, families in England
+who have retained their ancestral property so direct in the male line as
+this family. It is also connected with some of the oldest and noblest
+families in England--the Howards and Staffords are allied to this family
+by intermarriages. In the reign of Richard I. Sir Roger de Plowden was a
+crusader; and for his heroic conduct at the siege of Acre, was knighted,
+and also permitted by the king to bear on his shield the royal arms, the
+_fleur de lis_, which is retained to this day. In 9 Edward II., John de
+Plowden was by parliamentary writ, signed at Clopstow 5th March, called
+to parliament as one of the lords of the township of Plowden, Salop.
+Edmund Plowden, the great lawyer in Edw. VI. and Elizabeth's reigns, who
+was in those times called the oracle of the law, was enrolled among
+Fuller's _Worthies of England_, with Camden's Latin verses on him: "Vitae
+integritati inter homines suae professionis nulli secundus."
+
+He was offered by Elizabeth, whose autograph letter was until recently
+in the possession of the family, the Lord Chancellorship of England,
+with a peerage, if he would give up his creed as Catholic and turn
+Protestant; which he declined, preferring to abide by his moral
+convictions of the truthfulness of what he deemed his faith to worldly
+honour and aggrandisement. Sir Edmund died at Wanstead, county of
+Southampton, in 1659; and in possession of large estates in eleven
+parishes in England, besides his American province of New Albion. To
+each of these parishes he leaves by his will of 1655 a sum of money to
+be paid "eight days after his demise, and directs to be buried in the
+chapel of the Plowdens at Lydbury, in Salop; a stone monument, with an
+inscription in brass bearing the names of his children, and another with
+his _correct pedigree_ as drawn out at his house in Wanstead." He
+appears to have gone to America about the year 1620, and remained there,
+in Virginia and New England, till about 1630. While there, his sister
+Ann was married to Sir Arthur Lake, son of Sir Thomas Lake, then
+Secretary of State to James I.; and through whose influence, we presume,
+on his return to England he was introduced to the great Lord Strafford,
+with whom it is believed he proceeded to Ireland; for in the Heralds'
+Visitation of Salop, 1632, (_vide_ Sims' _H. Vist._, Brit. Mus.), he is
+entered in the Plowden pedigree as being then in Ireland. By the
+Strafford State Papers it appears that in this year he made petition to
+Charles I. through Lord Strafford, then Lieut. and Capt.-General of
+Ireland, for the colonising of New Albion:--
+
+  "Near the continent of Virginia, sixty leagues N. from James City,
+  without the Bay of Chesapeake, there is a habitable and fruitful
+  island, named Isle Plowden, otherwise Long Isle, with other small
+  isles between 30[degrees] and 40[degrees] of lat., about sixty
+  leagues from the main, near De la Warre Bay, where Your Majesty,
+  nor any of your Progenitors, were ever possessed of any estate, &c
+  ... to enable the petitioners, their heirs and assigns, for ever
+  to enjoy the said Isle, and forty leagues square of the adjoining
+  continent, as in the nature of a County Palatine or Body Politick,
+  by the name of New Albion, to be held of your Majesty's Crown of
+  Ireland, exempt from all appeal to the Governor of Virginia, and
+  with such other additions, privileges, and dignities therein, to
+  be given to Sir Edmund Plowden, like has been heretofore granted
+  to Sir George Calvert, Knight, late Lord Calvert, in Newfoundland,
+  together with the usual grants and privileges that other Colonies
+  have for governing, &c., and we agree to settle with 500
+  inhabitants."
+
+The king's warrant was given at Oatlands 24th July, 1632, granting the
+whole asked for, under the Great Seal of Ireland, signed by John Coke.
+Between this period and 1634, Sir Edmund was engaged in fulfilling the
+conditions of the warrant by carrying out the colonisation by
+indentures, which were executed and enrolled in Dublin, and St. Mary's
+in Maryland in America. In Dublin the parties were Viscount Musherry,
+100 planters; Lord Monson, 100 planters; Sir Thomas Denby, 100 planters;
+Captain Clayborne (of American notoriety) 50; Captain Balls; and
+amounting in all to 540 colonisers, beside others in Maryland,
+Virginia, and New England. The parties who joined in the petition were
+Sir John Lawrence, Knight and Baronet, who died in America; Sir Bowyer
+Worstley, Knight, and Charles Barrett, Esq.,--both died there in 1634;
+George Noble, Gent., Thomas Ribread, Roger Packe, William Inwood, and
+John Trustler. Having completed the conditions he was granted a charter,
+bearing date Oatlands, 21st June, 1634; and enrolled in Dublin in 17
+pages folio; and confirmed 24th July, 1634, in the eighth year of the
+reign of Charles I., running thus:
+
+"And according to the tenour and effect of certain of our letters,
+signed with our proper hand, and sealed with our seal now enrolled in
+the Rolls of our Chancery of the said Kingdom of Ireland, We have given,
+granted, and confirmed, and by this our present Charter, for Us, our
+heirs, and successors, do give, grant, and confirm such the before said
+Sir Edmund Plowden, Knight, his heirs and assigns, for ever, all that
+entire island near the continent of Terra Firma of North Virginia,
+called the Island of Plowden, or Long Island, and lying near and between
+the 39[degrees] and 40[degrees] of N. lat.; together with part of the
+continent or Terra Firma aforesaid near adjoining, described to begin
+from the point of an angle of a certain promontory called Cape Cod, from
+thence to the westward for the space of 40[degrees], running by the
+river Delaware, closely following its course by the N. lat. into a
+certain rivulet there arising from a spring of Lord Baltimore in the
+lands of Maryland, and the summit aforesaid to the south, where it
+touches, joins, and determines in all its breadth, from thence takes its
+course into a square leading to the north by a right line for the space
+of 40[degrees] to the river and port of Reachu Cod, and descends to a
+savannah, touching and including the top of Sand Bay, where it
+determines, and from thence towards the south by a square, stretching to
+a savannah which passes by and washes the shores of the Plowden
+aforesaid to the point of the promontory of Cape May above mentioned,
+and determines where it begins." And p. 4. continues: "Therefore We, for
+Us, our heirs, and successors, do give unto the aforesaid Sir Edmund
+Plowden, and his heirs and assigns, free and full power graciously to
+confer favours and honours upon the well-deserving citizens and
+inhabitants within the _province aforesaid with whatever titles and
+dignities_ he shall choose to decorate them with (in such a manner as
+they may but now be usurped in England), and to cut and stamp different
+pieces of gold such as shall be lawful, current, and acceptable to all
+the inhabitants; and We command all, and enjoin other things to be done
+in the premises which to him or them shall be seen to be proper, in as
+free and ample a manner and form as by the Society of Newfoundland and
+East Indies, Island of Bermuda, Bishop of Durham within the Bishoprick
+or County Palatine of Durham; or Lord Baltimore within his lands and
+premises of Maryland and Glastonbury; or James Earl of Carlisle within
+the island of St. Christopher and Barbadoes; or any other Governor or
+Founder of a Colony."
+
+In fact, the powers granted were never exceeded by any former charter of
+the Crown: they were all but regal. Under this charter a lease, enrolled
+in Dublin, was granted by Lord Plowden in 1634 to Sir Thomas Danby for
+10,000 acres, and a release, dated 20th Dec. 1634, sealed and signed at
+St. Mary's, Maryland, and witnessed by Vall Havord and Richard Benham,
+by R. Packe for 200 acres; T. Ribread, 100; W. Inwood, 100; and John
+Trustler, 100; segregating 500 acres in trust for the "Earl of Albion,
+when they deliver up their claims or trusts in consideration for this
+grant of land; and confirmed unto Lord Francis Plowden, son and heir of
+Sir Edmund Plowden, Earl Palatine, and George and Thomas Plowden, two of
+the sons of the said Sir Edmund, Earl Palatine." Sir Edmund Plowden
+resided with his wife and family as Governor of New Albion six years;
+his eldest son, Francis, and Lady Plowden, returned to England to look
+after his father's estates in his absence: but Francis so abused the
+confidence reposed in him, as to oblige the Governor to return to
+England (leaving his sons George and Thomas as his _locum tenens_). On
+his arrival he was incarcerated in the Fleet Prison on a base charge
+emanating from his son, from which he was released by order of the
+_Peers Committee_, House of Lords; and likewise involved in a lawsuit to
+recover certain estates sold by his son, which cost him 15,000_l._
+before he was clear. This unnatural and illegal conduct induced him to
+disinherit his son Francis; for, in the 15th of Charles I., 1st June,
+1646, Sir Edmund obtained license from the Crown to alienate from his
+son the manors of Wanstead, Southwick, and many others in the county of
+Southampton, as is enrolled in the Rolls Chapel. By his will, in the
+Prerogative Court of Canterbury, London, Sir Wm. Mason was in trust for
+Sir Edmund's second son and heir, Thomas Plowden; and also for the New
+Albion colony. And the will proceeds:
+
+  "And I think it fit that my English lands and estates shall be
+  settled and united to my Honor, County Palatine, and Province of
+  New Albion, for the maintenance of the same; and again, that all
+  my lease lands in England be sold with all convenient speed by my
+  executors and overseers herein named, and with the money arising
+  therefrom to buy good freehold, to be settled and entailed as the
+  rest of my lands are settled on my second son Thomas Plowden, and
+  the heirs male of his body lawfully begotten, or to be begotten;
+  also my County Palatine of New Albion, and Peerage as a Peer of
+  Ireland, as aforesaid, unto Thomas Plowden my son during his
+  natural life, and after his decease, to the heirs male of my son
+  Thomas, begotten or to be begotten; and again, I do enter and will
+  that my son Thomas Plowden, and, after his decease _his eldest
+  heir_ in male, and, if he be under age, then his guardian, with
+  all speed after my decease do employ by consent of Sir William
+  Mason of Gray's Inn, Knight, whom I make a trustee of this my
+  plantation of New Albion; and if my son Thomas shall by fail,
+  defence, loose, agree, give, or alien any part of my estates,
+  lands, or rents in England to Francis my son, or his issue, then
+  my son shall forfeit and lose to _his eldest_ son all lands and
+  estates and rents in England herein settled, entailed, or given
+  him, and to be forfeited during his life."
+
+George either died, or was killed, in the massacres by the Indians; as
+was also Francis, third son of Thomas, along with his wife and family,
+as alluded to in his father's will, dated 1698.
+
+These attacks on the infant colony were instigated by the Dutch and
+Swedes of the New Netherlands, as they called New Albion, and who did
+all they could to obstruct and thwart the Earl Palatine's plans, as is
+alluded to in _The Theatre of the Empire of Great Britain_: Speed and
+Basset, 1676, dedicated to James I.; and recommended as a most authentic
+work by Sir Richard St. George, Norroy King of Arms.
+
+  "Moreover these proceedings, upon complaint made to his late
+  Majesty, and by whom represented to the State of Holland, were
+  absolutely disowned by them, and wholly laid upon the East India
+  Company of Amsterdam. The most northerly part towards New England
+  was by his Majesty granted by patent to Sir Edmund Plowden, by the
+  name of New Albion. The most southerly towards Virginia to Sir
+  George Calvert, now Lord Baltimore, by the name of Maryland. The
+  Dutch, upon some consideration agreed on, were forthwith to have
+  quitted the place; yet, for all this, as the custom of this people
+  is never to let go any opportunity that serves their turn, whether
+  by right or wrong, they took advantage of the unhappy dissentions
+  and cruel wars that soon after happened within this nation: they
+  not only stood upon higher demands than was at first agreed on,
+  but also contrived to stir up the natives against the English,
+  that they might have the better opportunity of fixing themselves.
+  In this state things remained till his present Majesty, after his
+  restoration, resolved to send three ships of war."
+
+Charles II. most tyrannically, privately, without sanction from
+Parliament, and without even alluding to his father's charter to Sir
+Edmund Plowden, gave a charter of the Province to his brother James, at
+the same time creating him Duke of Albany. Before James was duly clothed
+with the powers of Governor, he sold a large portion of it to Lord
+Berkely for 65,000_l._ For years afterwards, the Duke of York's title
+was disputed, and many disturbances arose, and Chancery suits, as
+entered in the American chancery suits of that period. Lord Sutherland,
+as the colonial officer, disputed the validity of the Duke's claim. A
+greater act of injustice could hardly be perpetrated than this virtual
+abrogation of the original charter, after so many years of labour had
+been expended, charges incurred, loss of estates and relations, and the
+other evils attending planting this colony which absence from England
+gave rise to. Sir Edmund Plowden was not inferior to any of his
+co-governors in ability, fortune, position, or family. Though he made a
+greater sacrifice than any, he never received the slightest compensation
+like the other early colonisers. We conclude that family dissentions
+connected with the disinheritance of Francis Plowden, must have tended
+to facilitate Charles II.'s illegal conduct; for, in Thomas Plowden's
+Will, 1698, in the Prerogative Court of Canterbury, he alludes to his
+son-in-law, Walter Hall, illegally and forcibly retaining papers
+connected with the estates: Province of New Albion Charter, the Patent
+for the Peerage of Ireland. The first cousin of the disinherited son was
+a Col. Plowden of the Life Guards, who followed James II.'s fortunes,
+and accompanied him on his leaving England, and died as his chamberlain
+at St. Germains in France. These documents may have come into his hands,
+and have been lost in France. It is quite clear that the only estate
+which came to Thomas's eldest son James of Ewhurst was Lassam in
+Southampton, and his son James also held it; he was married to Sarah
+Chichely, daughter of Sir John Chichely, son of Sir Henry Chichely,
+formerly Governor of Virginia, the lineal descendant of Thomas, Lord
+Mayor of London, and brother of Archbishop Chichely, founder of All
+Souls, Oxford. This family is now extinct in the male, but still exist
+in the female line in the Plowden family, which is the nearest of kin of
+any family, and consequently has a stronger claim to the Fellowships of
+that college as founder's kin. There can be no question but that the
+family have a legal claim against the government for the unjust
+alienation of that province to James II.; but the loss of the charter,
+and the ignorance of the family that it was enrolled in Ireland (now
+found), prevented the heir and representative of Sir Edmund from
+claiming compensation. Nothing but an act of parliament can nullify the
+sacred rights of a charter; if it were not so, no public or private
+right would be safe a day. As to his peerage, it was litigated at the
+time, and decided in his favour; but the Commonwealth did not favour the
+restoration of titles granted by Charles I., and on the Restoration, Sir
+Edmund's papers were lost to those to whom they would have been useful.
+Notwithstanding the sarcastic and bad spirit in which Beauchamp
+Plantagenet's _New Albion_ of 1648 was reviewed by Mr. Pennington of
+Philadelphia, I trust that the Americans will treat the early pioneer of
+one of the best portions of America in a more liberal spirit, and do
+justice to his memory. We have now no new worlds to discover; and the
+present race of men can hardly appreciate the labours, dangers, and
+hardships our first colonisers had to endure--but they however know the
+value of their exertions. They have secured for America one of the
+finest countries in the world, which may one day be an empire of vast
+power. Its separation from the mother country was the greatest national
+calamity that ever befell her. How fatal has it been to France; first
+for abetting clandestinely the Americans against England, and at last
+throwing away the mask, openly assisting her with her arms. Since then,
+what calamities have befallen her, and may even yet befall her. Had we
+then, as Macaulay says, had a Clive at the head of our armies, and a
+Hastings in council, that separation might either have been deferred, or
+we might have parted friendly, instead of in enmity. Had I time to glean
+it, I have no doubt I could furnish much important matter connected with
+New Albion, derived from sources within my reach.
+
+    ALBION.
+
+P.S. There are two seals attached to Sir Edmund Plowden's Will; his
+private seal of the Plowdens, and his Earl's with supporters, signed
+"Albion:" the same as is given in Beauchamp Plantagenet's _New Albion_,
+1648 (King's Lib. B. Mus.).
+
+
+GENERAL JAMES WOLFE.
+
+(Vol. iv., p. 271.)
+
+He was born in a house now inhabited by the vicar, at Westerham, Kent,
+on the 2d of January, 1727, and not, as the various notices of his life
+state, the 15th of January, 1726 (see _Penny Cyclopaedia_ and other
+works). His mother's Christian name was Henrietta, and she, I believe,
+came from or near Deptford, to which place in the latter years of her
+life, she again went to reside. Wolfe was an only child; the name is
+still to be found in the neighbourhood of Westerham. Shortly after his
+birth, his parents removed to a house at the extreme end of the town,--a
+picturesque mansion it is, and is named after him Quebec House. Under
+this roof Wolfe's happiest hours were spent.
+
+Sir Jeffrey Amherst (a native of the same valley, Holmsdale), patronised
+him, but where first engaged I never could discover. His body was
+brought to England, and interred at Greenwich; monuments were erected to
+him in Westminster Abbey, Squerries Park, Westerham, and Westerham
+Church. The inscription on the marble tablet, erected in the latter, I
+subjoin:--
+
+                            JAMES,
+      Son of Colonel Edward Wolfe, and Henrietta his Wife,
+              Was born in this parish, January 2d,
+                          MDCCXXVII.
+                And died in America, Sept. 19th,
+                          MDCCLIX.
+                    Conqueror of Quebec!
+
+      "Whilst George in sorrow bows his laurelled head,
+      And bids the artist grace the soldier dead;
+      We raise no sculptured trophy to thy name,
+      Brave youth! the fairest in the list of fame.
+      Proud of thy birth, we boast th' auspicious year,
+      Struck with thy fall, we shed a general tear,
+      With humble grief, inscribe one artless stone,
+      And from thy matchless honours date our own."
+
+His sword is preserved in the United Service Museum, and was engraved
+about two years since in the _Illustrated London News_. An old professed
+portrait of him dangles as the sign of a beer-shop in Westerham. Wolfe
+was ardently attached to Colonel Barre, whose portrait is introduced in
+West's celebrated picture of the Death of Wolfe; another head in the
+picture is, I have been told, a likeness of a person who had been
+captured by the Indians, and was about to be scalped, when his life was
+saved by the intercession of a chief Wolfe had formerly pardoned.
+
+Wolfe was the youngest general ever entrusted with such a responsible
+command; but his bravery, his great humanity, his love to his troops,
+and above all, his glorious death, will render his name immortal in the
+page of British history.
+
+    H. G. D.
+
+The inclosed lines were given to me some years since by an old lady, who
+stated that they came into her possession through some relatives of the
+lady to whom they were addressed. I now much regret that I did not hear
+(or if I heard it have forgotten) the lady's name. Perhaps in the last
+letter of the series now in the hands of [Ezh], some allusion may be
+found to one in whom the parting hero felt so deep an interest; at all
+events the lines may be acceptable to [Ezh] or others of your readers
+desirous for some further knowledge of the private life of this
+"faithful soldier." Might not the parish register of Westerham in Kent,
+the birthplace of Wolfe, _possibly_ supply his mother's maiden name, or
+some other particular as to his family connexions? His father, also
+_General_ Wolfe, may perhaps have distinguished himself in "the 45," but
+James Wolfe was then barely nineteen years of age, and I have never met
+with any allusion to his taking part in that campaign. His appointment
+to the American service is said to have been the result of his display
+of military talent in Germany.
+
+  LINES WRITTEN AT PORTSMOUTH BY GENERAL WOLFE, AND PRESENTED TO HIS
+  LADY THE EVENING BEFORE HIS EMBARKATION FOR THE SIEGE OF QUEBEC.
+
+      "At length too soon, dear creature,
+        Receive my fond adieu,
+      Thy pangs, oh Love, how bitter!
+        Thy joys how short, how few!
+      No more those eyes so killing,
+        The melting glance repeat,
+      Nor bosom gently swelling,
+        With love's soft tumults beat.
+
+      "I go where glory leads me,
+        And dangers point the way,
+      Though coward love upbraids me,
+        Stern honour bids obey.
+      'Tis honour's boasting stories,
+        My anxious fears reprove,
+      And point to wealth, fame, glories,
+        Ah, what are these to love?
+
+      "Two passions vainly pleading,
+        My beating heart divide,
+      Lo, there my country bleeding,
+        And _here_ my weeping bride.
+      But ah, thy faithful soldier,
+        Can true to either prove,
+      Fame fires my soul all over,
+        While every pulse beats love.
+
+      "Then think where'er I wander,
+        The sport of seas and wind,
+      No distance hearts can sunder,
+        Whom mutual truth has joined.
+      Kind heaven the brave requiting,
+        Shall safe thy love restore,
+      With raptures crown our meeting,
+        And joys ne'er felt before."
+
+        Poor Wolfe, but poorer bride!
+
+    YUNAF.
+
+I am enabled to reply to the third Query of [Ezh] from papers in my
+possession. Wolfe's commission as second lieutenant in his father's
+(Col. Edward Wolfe's) regiment of marines[3], is dated 3d November,
+1741; as ensign in Col. Scipio Duroure's regiment, 27th March, 1742; as
+lieutenant in the same regiment, 14th July, 1743; as adjutant in the
+same regiment, 22d July, 1743; as captain in Barrell's regiment, 23d
+June, 1744; as major in Lord George Sackville's regiment[4], 5th
+January, 1748-49; as lieut.-col. of the same regiment, 20th March,
+1749-50, and colonel by brevet, 21st Oct. 1757; colonel of the 67th
+regiment, 21st April, 1758; brigadier in America, 23d July, 1758; killed
+at siege of Quebec.
+
+  [Footnote 3: This regiment was afterwards numbered the 1st regiment.]
+
+  [Footnote 4: This regiment was afterwards numbered the 20th, and
+  then the 67th.]
+
+Wolfe's father, Edward Wolfe, was appointed brigadier-general, 25th
+April, 1745; major-general, 27th May, 1745, and lieut.-general, 30th
+Sept. 1747.
+
+If [Ezh] will communicate with me personally, I may be able to furnish
+him with some other information relating to Wolfe.
+
+    ROBERT COLE.
+
+The following memoranda from MSS. in my care, relative to this
+distinguished man, may, perhaps, be of use to your correspondent [Ezh].
+
+Feb. 1746, a petition (dated Feb. 1746) to the Duke of Bedford for his
+interference relative to the pay due to him as Inspector of Marines.
+
+Another letter, dated July 7, 1746, printed in the first volume of the
+_Bedford Correspondence_.
+
+Another letter, dated Feb. 16, 1747, on the same subject as the first.
+
+Another letter, dated Feb. 19, 1757, also printed in the _Bedford
+Correspondence_.
+
+Another letter, dated July 22, 1767, relative to his embarkation of a
+regiment in which he was lieut.-col.
+
+Another letter, dated Jan. 26, 1788, printed in the _Bedford
+Correspondence_.
+
+Copy of a letter to Lord George Sackville, dated Halifax, May 12.
+
+    W. A.
+
+Major-General Edward Wolfe resided in one of the villas in Montague
+Walk, on the west side of Greenwich Park; afterwards the residence of
+the Hon. Mr. Lyttelton, Henry Drax, Esq., Mr. Scott, and his widow.
+
+In the register book of St. Alphege in Greenwich occurs this entry:
+
+      "Major-Gen'l James Wolfe, buried Nov. 20th 1759."
+
+His body was brought to England from Quebec, and laid by the side of his
+father, Major-Gen. E. Wolfe, who was buried there on April 2, 1759.
+
+His mother's Christian name was Henrietta; she bequeathed 500_l_. to
+Bromley College at her death in 1765.
+
+The short sword worn by General Wolfe at the time of his death is in the
+United Service Institution in Scotland Yard. His military cloak is, I
+believe, kept in the Tower.
+
+    MACKENZIE WALCOTT, M.A.
+
+In the church of Westerham, the place of Wolfe's birth, as well as in
+Westminster Abbey, is a cenotaph. Is it well known who was the author of
+the pleasing lines inscribed at Westerham?
+
+      "While George in sorrow bows his laurel'd head."
+
+May I also ask whether the packet of autograph letters in the possession
+of your correspondent was ever shown to Southey, and whether an
+intention was not entertained by him, at one period, of writing a memoir
+of Wolfe? If these letters were unknown to Southey, I have strong
+reasons for believing that another collection of General Wolfe's letters
+exists. Would not your correspondent's collection or a selection from
+it, form a very interesting publication?
+
+    J. H. M.
+
+
+STANZAS IN CHILDE HAROLD.
+
+(Vol. iv., pp. 223. 285.)
+
+I am much obliged to your correspondents who have taken the trouble to
+answer my Query respecting the lines in _Childe Harold_; but I am sorry
+that you did not print one of the replies "at considerable length" to
+which you allude in your note to MR. CROSSLEY'S brief one: for MR.
+CROSSLEY'S settlement of the question will hardly, I think, appear so
+satisfactory to all readers as it evidently does to him. Will you allow
+me to explain the reasons for thinking so?
+
+In his opinion it is quite transparent that Lord Byron meant to say,
+speaking to the Ocean of its shores:
+
+      "Thy waters wasted them when they were free,
+      And many a tyrant since" (has wasted them).
+
+But in my former letter I quoted a German translator's version of the
+lines, and he did not understand them thus; and I have just referred to
+a French translator's, and he also differs from MR. CROSSLEY. In fact,
+his view of the matter so completely tallies with mine, that I will,
+with your permission, quote his words:
+
+  "Tes rivages sont des empires, ou tout est change, excepte toi.
+  Que sont devenus l'Assyrie, la Grece, Rome, Carthage? Tes flots
+  battaient leurs frontieres aux jours de la liberte, comme depuis
+  sous le regne de plus d'un tyran."
+
+This passage is taken from the complete translation of Lord Byron's
+Works, published at Paris in 1836, by M. Benjamin de Laroche, vol. i. p.
+754.
+
+M. de Laroche was no doubt led to form his opinion of the real meaning
+of these two lines from a careful consideration of those which
+immediately precede and immediately follow. The theme of the poet is the
+proud superiority of the ocean to human authority, and its insensibility
+to human vicissitude. He rebukes the haughty assumption that "Britannia
+rules the waves;" he refers in proof to the striking fact, that of the
+two most memorable tempests recorded in the naval history of Spain and
+England, the one aided our triumph, and the other tore the fruits of a
+triumph from us.
+
+      "The oak leviathans, whose huge ribs make
+      Their clay creator the proud title take
+      Of lord of thee, and arbiter of war,
+      These are thy toys, and, as the snowy flake,
+      They melt into thy yeast of waves, which mar
+      Alike the Armada's pride, or spoils of Trafalgar."
+
+And then he proceeds, according to my view of the passage, and according
+to the French translator's view, to point out, that while the shores of
+the ocean are changed, the action of the ocean continues the same; that
+it wasted the empires of the ancient world when they were free, and
+wasted them when they fell under the sway of tyrants:
+
+      "Thy shores are empires, changed in all save thee--
+      Assyria, Greece, Rome, Carthage, what are they?
+      Thy waters wasted them while they were free,
+      And many a tyrant since their shores obey."
+
+Here there seems to be a logical sequence, which is surely not to be
+found if the semicolon is kept, as MR. CROSSLEY wishes to keep it, after
+the word "since."
+
+      "Thy waters wasted them while they were free,
+      And many a tyrant since;"
+
+meaning, as he declares, that many a tyrant since has wasted them. There
+may be grammatical construction here, but what becomes of the meaning?
+The direct force of the words would surely be, that the ocean was in the
+habit of ravaging its shores in times of liberty, but that it left off
+when the tyrants began. I suppose it will be admitted that this is not
+exactly what the poet wished to convey. To his real meaning it will, I
+hope, be allowed to be essential that the statement should be made, that
+the ocean's ravages continue; and if this is not done in the fourth
+line, it is done nowhere,--the chain of reasoning is left without a
+link. To say that the ocean wasted empires once, and tyrants did it
+afterwards, is as little to the purpose as it would have been to say, in
+the preceding stanza, that the ocean destroyed the Armada, but that
+Nelson won Trafalgar. The lines become incoherent.
+
+I beg pardon for trespassing so long on your attention; but the question
+seems to have excited some interest, and I think the occasion may plead
+my excuse.
+
+    T. W.
+
+There is no occasion to say any more on the subject of T. W.'s doubts
+(Vol. iv., p. 223.) as to the construction of certain lines in the 182nd
+stanza: but his remarks on the substitution of the word _gush'd_ for
+_rush'd_, in the 141st stanza, induce me to offer a suggestion, or
+rather ask a Query, with respect to a word in another stanza (180th) of
+the same canto, which I shall quote entire.
+
+      "His steps are not upon thy paths--thy fields
+      Are not a spoil for him,--thou dost arise
+      And shake him from thee; the vile strength he wields
+      For earth's destruction thou dost all despise,
+      Spurning him from thy bosom to the skies;
+      And send'st him, shivering in thy playful spray
+      And howling, to his Gods, where haply lies
+      His petty hope in some near port or bay,
+      And dashest him again to earth:--there let him lay."
+
+The blot which disfigures the last line of this fine stanza, in the use
+of the word _lay_ for _lie_, has, I believe, been often observed; but
+the question I wish to throw out for the consideration of your readers
+is, whether it is quite certain that Lord Byron really wrote, or
+intended to write, the word _lay_. The following reasons appear to me to
+render it improbable that he did. 1. His lordship is admittedly, I
+believe, a great master of the English language, and would therefore be
+very unlikely to commit the somewhat vulgar blunder of writing _lay_ for
+_lie_, whatever might be the requirements of the rhyme. 2. This
+improbability is rendered much stronger by his having used the word
+_lies_ in the line next but one preceding; and therefore his attention
+could hardly have been averted from the distinction between the two
+words. 3. Though not professing to be a critic, it does appear to me
+that the sense itself of the line (taking the word _lay_ in the sense of
+_lie_) is weak and unmeaning, or at least far from worthy of the former
+part of the stanza.
+
+I am not perhaps bound to offer any emendation of the line, but in
+default of anything better I will venture to suggest that his lordship
+may have written, or intended to write, the word _pray_ as the
+concluding word of the stanza. The sense, with _pray_ instead of _lay_,
+would not, in my judgment, be inferior to that of the line in its
+present form; nor would it be in itself inappropriate, as allusion has
+just been made to man being sent "howling to his gods;" and, at all
+events, by the adoption of _pray_, an almost unpardonable grammatical
+error is avoided.
+
+    PRISCIAN.
+
+I cannot agree with T. W. as to the stanza quoted from the Hymn to the
+Ocean.
+
+      "Thy waters wasted them while they were free,
+      And many a tyrant since" (has wasted them),
+
+is very good sense, and much more Byronic than the cacophonous inversion
+T. W. proposes.
+
+_Blackwood's_ criticism of this hymn (probably by the Professor) is not
+at all too severe. Noble as are some parts of it, it is full of
+cockneyisms and platitudes. What can be worse than
+
+      "There let him _lay_."
+
+Again:
+
+      "Roll on, thou deep and dark blue ocean, roll!"
+
+is most magnificent in its sonorous march: but the next line is equally
+absurd:
+
+      "Ten thousand fleets sweep over thee _in vain_!"
+
+_In vain!_ Why, did not Columbus discover a world? Did not Nelson make
+England's fame eternal? Do not our tea, coffee, wine, and cotton cross
+the surging seas?
+
+As to the "Gladiator" stanza, nobody can doubt that _rushed_ is the
+right and most poetic reading. _Rush_ is a strong word: _gush_ a weak
+one, much hackneyed by neoteric poetasters. Byron never used _gush_ in
+such a sense. Thoughts do not _gush_, though blood and water may. I
+therefore venture to differ from T. W. and his two illustrious friends.
+
+    MORTIMER COLLINS.
+
+The difficulty which your correspondent T. W. finds in Lord Byron's
+celebrated Address to the Ocean is occasioned by his having taken up a
+wrong notion of the construction at the first reading; and the solution
+of his perplexity is so obvious, when this is once pointed out, that it
+must have already occurred to many of your readers, and very probably,
+by this time, to T. W. himself. The lines that puzzle him are--
+
+      "Thy waters wasted them while they were free,
+      And many a tyrant since; their shores obey
+      The stranger, slave, or savage."
+
+"What!" exclaims T. W., "The waters wasted many a tyrant? How, in the
+name of wonder?" How indeed! Probably more readers at once caught the
+sense:--
+
+      "_Thy waters_ wasted them while they were free
+      And many _a tyrant_ since--_has wasted them_."
+
+The word "wasted" is used in a somewhat different sense in the two
+cases, but this is the price of the antithesis; and the result follows,
+that their shores _now_ obey the stranger, the slave, or the savage, as
+exemplified in Greece, Asia and Africa respectively. And here we may
+observe, that the writer in _Blackwood's Magazine_, whom T. W. quotes,
+and who thinks the ocean appealed to is the world's ocean, and not the
+Mediterranean, has been just as blind to the train of thought in the
+other part as T. W. in this.
+
+But in the way of doing something beyond the solution of this particular
+obscurity, so far as there is any, I would remark, that Byron's efforts
+at concentration and point not unfrequently give rise to an obscurity of
+this kind; which for a moment produces a perplexity that seems laughable
+as soon as the true sense occurs to us. For instance, on first reading
+these verses in the _Corsair_,--
+
+      "Be the edge sharpen'd of my boarding brand,
+      And give its guard more room to fix my hand.
+      This let the armourer with speed dispose;
+      Last time, it more fatigued my arm than foes:"
+
+I exclaimed, like T. W., "What! his sword _fatigued_ his foes? What a
+most absurd expression! To be sure, one may imagine that when Conrad was
+killing his enemies one after another without stopping, they would say,
+What a _tiresome_ man he is! but this does not seem to be in the vein of
+the narration." And then, reading the passage again, and considering
+that the pirate complains of the guard of his sword being too narrow, I
+saw plainly that, with whatever damage to the rhythm, the verse was to
+be read--
+
+      "Last time, _it_ more fatigued my arm than _foes_" (did).
+
+My sword, by its not fitting to my hand, fatigued my arm more than all
+the resistance that foes could offer.
+
+I will give another example of the same kind, again taken from the
+Pirate. In the enthusiastic description of a ship, he says:
+
+      "Who would not brave the battle-fire--the wreck--
+      To move the monarch of her peopled deck?"
+
+"Who?" I exclaimed; "but who wants to move him? This monarch is, I
+suppose, the captain; but why should men in general wish to move _him_?"
+I suppose most of your readers see at the first what I saw at the second
+glance, that Byron meant "to move _as_ the monarch of this deck," that
+is, to be the captain.
+
+If I have satisfied T. W. and the rest of your readers of the
+construction of the first passage, I have, I think, also shown that the
+tendency to such transient mistakes in reading Byron is not uncommon.
+
+    W. W.
+
+  Cambridge, Oct. 10. 1851.
+
+
+Replies to Minor Queries.
+
+_MS. Note in a Copy of Liber Sententiarum_ (Vol. iv., pp. 188.
+282.).--For the information of W. S. W. I beg to notify that the
+"mundane era" quoted by him is the Septuagint era of Venerable Bede,
+who, in his chronology of the world, uses two eras; one of which he
+calls "juxta Hebraicam veritatem," the other, "juxta septuaginta
+interpretes."
+
+He makes the concurrence of these with A.D. 1, at the birth of Christ,
+to be respectively as follows:--
+
+      A.M. 3952.      A.M. Sep. 5300.      A.D. 1.
+
+The two latter, as W. S. W. will perceive, are exactly in the same
+relation as those in the MS. note.
+
+I should also suggest that "S" may be the initial in the writer's name,
+and not "T": in which case "[q=]. T." probably signifies "quam tribuit."
+
+    A. E. B.
+
+P.S.--Upon a second reference to the communication of W. S. W. I find
+that the above dates _are not_ consistent with those quoted by him, but
+differ by exactly a hundred years: that this should be the exact
+difference is very singular, and would lead me to suspect that there
+might have been a mistake in transcription, were it not that in his
+smaller work Bede has this sentence:
+
+  "Hujus anno Dominus nascitur, completis ab Adam annis
+  3952.--_Juxta alios_, 5199."
+
+_Naturalis proles_ (Vol. iv., p. 161.).--Undoubtedly in Latin
+_naturalis_ is opposed to "adopted;" _e.g._ "P. Scipio ... _naturalis_
+consulis Paulli, _adoptione_ Africani nepos." (Livy, xliv. 44.) I
+stumbled some time ago upon the following:
+
+  "The Act of Settlement by which Napoleon, Emperor of France, was
+  declared King of Italy, with the right of succession to his sons
+  _natural_ or _adopted_, and male heirs.... He declared that he
+  accepted, and would defend, the iron crown; and that even during
+  his lifetime he would consent to separate the two crowns, and
+  place one of his _natural_ or _adopted_ sons upon the
+  throne."--Alison's _History_, chap. xxxix. [sections] 38, 39.
+
+I have no means of ascertaining whether this is a literal rendering from
+the French document. If I may trust my _Dictionnaire de l'Academie_,
+this sense of the word is unknown to the French language, as well as to
+ours.
+
+    CHARLES THIRIOLD.
+
+_Print cleaning_ (Vol. iv., p. 175.).--The following method is given as
+infallible by Mr. Stannard in the _Art-Union_ for 1847, pp. 179. 261.:
+
+  "Immerse the print for an hour or so in a lye made by adding to
+  the strongest muriatic acid its own weight in water, and to three
+  parts of this mixture adding one of red oxide of lead, or black
+  oxide of manganese. A print, if not quickly cleaned, may remain in
+  the liquid twenty-four hours without harm. Indian ink stains
+  should in the first instance be assisted out with hot water.
+  Pencil marks, if carefully done, should be partially rubbed out
+  with India rubber or day-old bread; that is, if it can be safely
+  done, as rubbing an engraving is always hazardous. If the print
+  had been mounted, the paste on the back should be thoroughly
+  removed with warm water. The saline crystals left by the solution
+  may be removed by repeated rinsings with warm water."
+
+    ALTRON.
+
+_Story referred to by Jeremy Taylor_ (Vol. iv., pp. 208. 262.).--My copy
+of _Don Quixote_ has the following note on the passage referred to by
+Mr. C. H. COOPER:--
+
+  "_Two old men appeared before Sancho_, etc.--I believe this story
+  is told, for the first time, in some of the Talmudic writings; but
+  Cervantes, in all probability, took it from the _Legenda Aurea
+  Jacobi de Voragine_, in which monkish collection it occurs in
+  these words:
+
+  "'Vir quidam ab uno Judaeo quamdam summam pecuniae mutuo accepit,
+  jurans super altare Sancti Nicolai quod quam citius posset sibi
+  redderet. Tenente autem illo diu pecuniam Judaeus expostulavit: sed
+  eam sibi reddidisse affirmat. Trahit ergo eum ad judicem et
+  juramentum indicitur debitori: Ille baculum cavatum quem auro
+  minuto impleverat secum detulerat, ac si ejus adminiculo
+  indigeret: Volens igitur facere juramentum Judaeo baculum tradidit
+  servandum. Juravit quod plus sibi reddiderat etiam quam debet; et
+  facto juramento baculum repetiit. Et Judaeus ignorans astutiae eum
+  sibi reddidit. Rediens autem qui fraudem fecerat in quodam bivio
+  oppressus corruit somno: Currusque eum, cum impetu veniens,
+  necuit, et baculum plenum auro fregit, et aurum effudit.'
+
+  "The conclusion of the story is, that the Jew having received his
+  money, was earnestly entreated to acknowledge his sense of the
+  Divine interposition in his favour, by receiving baptism. He said
+  he would do so if Saint Nicholas would, at his prayer, restore the
+  dead man to life. The saint was, without much difficulty, induced
+  to do this, and the Jew became an edifying specimen of conversion.
+  See the chapter de Sancto Nicolao."--_The History of the Ingenious
+  Gentleman Don Quixote of La Mancha; translated from the Spanish by
+  Motteux. A new Edition, with copious Notes, &c._ Edinburgh, 1822,
+  vol. v. p. 334.
+
+May not Jeremy Taylor, in the passage cited from the _Ductor
+Dubitantium_ ("NOTES AND QUERIES," Vol. iv., p. 208.), have been quoting
+_from memory_, and confused the Talmudic(?) legend with a well-known
+passage in Juvenal, _Sat._ xiii. 199-207.? Compare--
+
+  "The _Greek_ that denied the _depositum_ of his friend, and
+  offered to swear at the altar,"
+
+with
+
+      "_Spartano_ cuidam respondit Pythia vates;
+      Haud impunitum quondam fore, quod dubitaret
+      _Depositum_ retinere et fraudem _jure_ tueri
+      _Jurando_."
+
+The Spartan's name was Glaucus. The story is told at large in Herodot.
+vi. 86. See Stocker's note on Juv. _Sat._ xiii. 199. The use of "sibi,"
+in the extract from the _Legenda Aurea_, is new to me. Is it common in
+monkish Latin?
+
+    C. FORBES.
+
+  Temple.
+
+_Anagrams_ (Vol. iv., pp. 226. 297.).--MR. BREEN put another Query
+besides "Where shall we find six good anagrams?" He asked, "How comes it
+that a species of composition once so popular should have become
+extinct?"
+
+Let me venture to refer MR. BREEN to _The Spectator_ for an answer
+to this inquiry; where, in Addison's brilliant papers on "False
+Wit" (Nos. 58. &c.), he will find the whole family of ingenious
+quibblings,--anagrams, acrostics, chronograms, puns, bouts-rimes,
+&c.,--mown down to their just level. And MR. BREEN cannot, I am sure, as
+a man of taste, fail to be delighted, even although he may think the
+following passage (which I quote chiefly as a warning against the rise
+of an anagrammatric epidemic among your correspondents) a little severe
+on his old friends:
+
+  "The acrostic was probably invented about the same time with the
+  anagram, though it is impossible to decide whether the inventor of
+  the one or the other were the greater blockhead."
+
+It is a tempting folly I admit for an idle hour, and I must plead guilty
+to having (in consequence of MR. BREEN'S letter) wasted nearly a whole
+evening in discovering that
+
+      "NOTES AND QUERIES"
+      "Enquires on Dates!"
+
+and also offers the following warning to its contributors--
+
+      "Send quite Reason;"
+
+while as an encouragement it observes (so an ingenious friend informs
+us)--
+
+      "O send in a Request."
+
+    HERMES.
+
+_Battle of Brunanburgh_ (Vol. iv., p. 249.).--The _Egils Saga_ describes
+the duel between the armies of Olaf and Athelstan to have been fought in
+a _champ clos_, inclosed with branches of hazel, upon a space called the
+Vinheidi, or _heidi_ of _Vin_, situate _near_ (vid) or _in_ (a) the
+Vinskogr, or forest of Vin. _Heidi_ is a rough open space, with scrubs
+or bushes, such as furze, juniper, broom, &c. The _heidi_ and the
+_skogr_ were distinct, the latter affording shelter to the fugitives
+from the former, p. 290. The text, both Norse and Latin, says, "Then he
+brought his army to the Vin-heidi. _A certain_ town stood towards the
+north of the heidi." But a various reading in the note says, "to the
+town of Vinheidi, which was to the north of the heidi." But it seems as
+unreasonable for the town to be called Vinheidi, as Vinskogr. _Vin_
+should be taken for the name of the town, and the root of the other
+phrases. The downs or brakes called Vinheidi were inclosed with hazel,
+and lay between the forest, or skogr, and some river. The town, being
+Olaf's head quarters, lay north of them. Athelstan occupied the nearest
+town to the south of the heidi. [Query, whether south of the river?] The
+northern town Vin is no doubt the Weon from which the Weon-dune (downs
+of Weon, or heidi of Vin) was called. The other name given by Simeon
+Dunelmensis to that space is curious, as showing how well the spot was
+adapted for attack and pursuit, "eth-runnan-werc," that is,
+"facilis-ad-opus-currendi." The name Brunanburg, probably signifying
+"the town of bourns," or watercourses, is unequivocally that of a town.
+Since Olaf or Arlaf had his quarters at Vin, it was probably at that
+place where Athelstan was stationed. Find these two places, Vin the
+northern-most of the two, and find the river. The heidi and the skogr
+are probably grubbed and ploughed up.
+
+    A. N.
+
+_Praed's Works_ (Vol. iv., p. 256.).--Some three years ago I saw a
+prospectus announcing that they would be published by Mr. Parker of
+Oxford, under the direction of Mrs. Praed; but I believe nothing has
+been done in the matter since.
+
+    W. J.
+
+_Sir J. Davies_ (Vol. iv., p. 256.).--Messrs. Puttick and Simpson, 191.
+Piccadilly, have, or had recently, an original MS. of this eminent
+lawyer and poet. Perhaps L. GYFFES would learn something of it by
+communication with them, and, if curious, oblige your readers with an
+account of it.
+
+    R.
+
+_Coins of Constantius Gallus_ (Vol. iv., p. 238.).--MR. TAYLOR appears
+to me not altogether correct in his distinctions of these coins. The
+name VAL. certainly generally denotes Constantius Chlorus, but there are
+coins of Constantius II. also with VAL. It is impossible for a practised
+numismatist to confound the coins of these emperors, not only from the
+difference of lettering and workmanship, but from the change in the
+size, thickness, &c. of the coins. I have coins of Constantius II. with
+VAL. bearing the same reverse as others with IVL. (PROVIDENTIAE CAESS)
+in my cabinet. I have also several coins of Constantius II. with
+P.F.AVG., which have A. behind the head. I refer above only to coins of
+bronze, second and third sizes; but I should suppose the rules would
+apply also to the gold coins. I see "NOTES AND QUERIES" only monthly, or
+I should have written sooner, but I hope not to be too late.
+
+    W. H. S.
+
+  Edinburgh.
+
+_Passage in Sedley_ (Vol. iii., p. 476.).--
+
+      "Let fools the name of loyalty divide
+      Wise men and gods are on the strongest side."
+
+I much fear your correspondent HENRY H. BREEN suggests an alteration in
+Sir Charles Sedley's couplet more favourable to the witty baronet's
+principles than facts will admit. It is too probable that he conceived
+the sentiment just as it stands; for we must remember that he belonged
+to that school of loose wits of the Restoration, who, "Regis ad
+exemplar," made a mock of all which tended to place "virtue" above
+"interest," or to make men "too fond of the right to pursue the
+expedient."
+
+Charles II. and his long train of licentious courtiers now stand at the
+bar of history, and the verdict on him must be, that if he had a
+principle in latter life it was this,--that he would never endanger
+himself for any abstract rule of right; or as Sir W. Scott, in
+_Peveril_, accurately says: "he had sworn never to kiss the block on
+which his father suffered," when yielding to the current would save him
+from it; hence, there is too good reason to think that, in his
+estimation, and in the judgment of the school he formed, "loyalty" was
+"folly," and to take the strongest side "wisdom."
+
+The reference in Sedley's couplet to the line--
+
+      "Victrix causa Diis placuit, sed victa Catoni"--
+
+is too obvious to need notice; and it is but too certain that in the
+estimation of a courtier of Charles II., Cato dying for his country
+would be but "a fool for his pains." It is painful to be obliged to
+remind MR. BREEN that, in order to understand Sedley's meaning, we are
+not to look for what would be "most consistent with truth," but for what
+was most probably accordant with the lax morality of the author.
+
+    A. B. R.
+
+  Belmont, Oct. 6. 1851.
+
+_Buxtorf's Translation of Elias Levita's "Tub Taam"_ (Vol. iv., p.
+272.).--This work was printed at Venice in 1538, in 4to. Muenster
+republished it in the next following year, with an epitome of its
+contents in Latin. (G. B. de' Rossi, _Dizionario Storico, &c._, art.
+"Levita.").
+
+    T. T.
+
+  Manchester.
+
+_Stonehenge_ (Vol. iv., p. 57.).--P. P.'s objection to Sir R. C. Hoare's
+derivation of _Stonehenge_ seems hardly justifiable. Surely the
+horizontal stones there may be said to hang, [Greek: meteoroi], or
+[Greek: metarsioi], sublime: as in the case of "Rocq Pendant" of
+Alderney, the term "hanging" is loosely applied. That leans forth from
+the cliff at a considerable angle out of the perpendicular, and is
+"hanging," in another sense of the word, like the Leaning Tower of Pisa,
+and as, in another acceptation, the famous terrace gardens of Babylon
+are called the Hanging Gardens.
+
+    THEOPHYLACT.
+
+_Glass in Windows formerly not a Fixture_ (Vol. iv., p. 99.).--Referring
+to this subject, allow me to add a Note I have from the will of Robert
+Birkes, of Doncaster, alderman, proved at York, July 30, 1590, in
+further illustration. The testator gives to his son Robert all "the
+seeling work and portalls" in and about the house where he dwelt, "with
+all doors, _glass windows_," &c., in full of his child's portion of his
+goods; and then his _house_ he gave to his wife for her life. If by
+"seeling work and portalls" are meant what we now understand by those
+terms, the above extract shows that other essential parts of a house
+besides glass windows were formerly considered as moveable chattels.
+
+    C. J.
+
+_Fortune, infortune, fort une_ (Vol. iv., pp. 57. 142.).--The
+explanation offered by a writer in the _Magasin Pittoresque_ for 1850,
+seems perfectly clear without the proposed transposition of the adverb
+_fort_ into _fait_ of your correspondent D. C.
+
+If the sentence be read according to the French explanation D. C. has
+quoted, viz. by reading _infortune_ as a verb, _fort_ the adverb to it,
+it must be plain that the reading of the sentence must be:
+
+   "Fortune fort infortune une."
+
+   (Fortune very much afflicts one.)
+
+If we turned _fort_ into _fait_, it would entirely spoil the sentence.
+
+Query, But _is_ "infortuner" to be found as a verb in any old
+dictionary? We have the adjective "infortune," which looks much like a
+participle.
+
+    J. C. W.
+
+  Francis Terrace, Kentish Town.
+
+_Matthew Paris's "Historia Minor"_ (Vol. iv., p. 209.).--MR. SANSOM will
+find the desired MS. in the British Museum, 14 C. vii. (Macray's _Manual
+of Brit. Hist._, p. 26. Lond. 1845.)
+
+    R. G.
+
+In the Cottonian library, Claudius D. vi. 9., will be found "Abbreviatio
+compendiosa Chronicorum Angliae, ab A'o 1000, ad A. 1255. Scripsit quidam
+ad calcem, 'Hic desinit Mat. Paris Historia Minor, quae est epitome
+Majoris, quae ad A.D. 1258 continuatur.'"
+
+_The Bibliothecae Regiae_, 14 C. vii., contains "Historiae M. Paris.
+Continuatio ad A.D. 1273, alia manu. De possessione hujus Codicis multa
+fuit altercatio." (See Warton's _History of English Poetry_, vol. i. p.
+lxxxviii. edit. 1840.) There are also MSS. at Corpus Christi College
+(No. 56.) and Ben'et College, Cambridge (No. 31.). Macray states, that
+the _Historia Minor_ was made out of the _Historia Major_ by Paris, both
+from Wendover to 1235, and his own large additions after that period.
+
+    J. Y.
+
+  Hoxton.
+
+_Sanford's "Descensus"_ (Vol. iv., p. 232.).--The work of Hugo
+Sanfordus, _De Descensu Domini nostri Jesu Christi ad inferos_, was
+published as a separate work at Amsterdam in 1611, and its title is
+inserted in the printed catalogue of the Bodleian Library. Can AEGROTUS
+give a specific reference to the book, page, and edition of Gale's
+_Court of the Gentiles_ in which it is spoken of, and also his authority
+for the statement that it was published in the works of a bishop who
+survived him?
+
+    TYRO.
+
+_Death of Pitt_ (Vol. iv., p. 232.).--MR. NATHANIEL ELLISON will find in
+the _Memoirs of Lady Hester Stanhope_, vol. iii. p. 141., a passage
+which pretty nearly confirms the account of _the desertion of Pitt's
+death-bed_. She said that James, a servant, was the only person present
+with Pitt when he died, and that she herself was the last person who saw
+him alive except James. She also stated that Dr. Pretyman, who seems to
+have been in the house, was fast asleep at the time; and that Sir Walter
+Farquhar, the physician, was absent. The account of Pitt's last moments
+in Gifford's life of him, where a prayer for forgiveness, &c. is put
+into his mouth, she pronounced to be _all a lie_.
+
+    J. S. W.
+
+  Stockwell.
+
+_History of Hawick_ (Vol iv., p. 233.).--In reply to the Query of your
+correspondent H. L., I have to inform him that there have been published
+two histories of Hawick, viz.,--
+
+1. Robert Wilson's _Sketch of the History of Hawick_, a small 8vo.
+printed in 1825. It contains a notice of the altercations between the
+Abbot of Melrose and Langlands the Baron of Wilton, relative to the
+arrear of tithes due to the abbacy of Melrose. A copy of this work can
+be procured for about 5_s._
+
+2. James Wilson's _Annals of Hawick, 1214-1814_, a small 8vo. printed in
+1850. This work, under date 1494-5, has a notice of the murder of the
+chaplain by Langlands. This book can be had for 6_s._ 6_d._
+
+A notice of the trial of Langlands for the murder will also be found in
+Pitcairn's _Criminal Trials_, vol. i. p. 20.
+
+    T. G. S.
+
+  Edinburgh, Oct. 6. 1851.
+
+"_Prophecies of Nostradamus_" (Vol. iv., pp. 86. 140. 258.).--J. R. says
+that "the first edition of the _Prophecies of Nostradamus_ is not only
+in the National Library, but in several others, both in Paris and
+elsewhere." Does J. R. speak from personal observation or at
+second-hand? When I was in Paris I spent some hours in searching the
+catalogue and shelves of both the National Library and that of St.
+Genevieve, but I could find no edition of Nostradamus dated 1555 in
+either. To convince myself that my search had been accurate, I turned to
+_Nostradamus_, par Eugene Bareste, Paris, 1840, and there found it
+distinctly asserted that there is no copy of the first edition of the
+book (viz. that of 1555) _in any public library_ in Paris, and that the
+copy used in compiling that edition of 1840 was borrowed from a private
+collection. I cannot give the exact words of M. Bareste, as I only made
+a "Note" of their purport; but if J. R. will say upon what authority his
+statement as to this rare little book is based, I will certainly some
+day renew my search for it at the National Library.
+
+    H. C. DE ST. CROIX.
+
+_Bourchier Family_ (Vol. iv., p. 233.).--Monuments, with inscriptions,
+to William Bourchier, Earl of Bath, 1623; Henry Bourchier, Earl of Bath;
+many of the family of Bourchier-Wrey, and others allied to them, are in
+the church of Tavistock, in the county of Devon; and the whole of them
+have been carefully transcribed with notes of the heraldry.
+
+    S. S. S.
+
+_William III. at Exeter_ (Vol. iv., p. 233.).--Jenkins, the historian of
+Exeter, in relating the prince's public entry into that city, states
+that he was preceded by the Earl of Macclesfield and two hundred
+horsemen, _most of whom_ were English nobles and gentlemen. There is in
+the Bodleian Library a fo. broadsheet entitled, _A True and Exact
+Relation of the Prince of Orange, his Publick Entrance into Exeter_,
+which, if I remember right, was reprinted in Somers' _Tracts_, but I do
+not think any names of those gentlemen are therein mentioned.
+
+    S. S. S.
+
+_Passage in George Herbert_ (Vol. iv., p. 231.).--Does not Herbert imply
+in these lines--
+
+      "Take one from ten, and what remains?
+      Ten still, if sermons go for gains."
+
+that the payer of _tithes_ receives an equivalent in the ministrations
+of the priest?
+
+    S. C. C.
+
+  Corfe Castle.
+
+This passage alludes doubtless to the tithe of the parson, and maintains
+that the tithe-payer is no loser if the sermons for which tithe is paid
+produce their effects. In fact, it is a paraphrase of _Proverbs_, iii.
+9, 10.:
+
+  "Honour the Lord with all thy substance, and with the first
+  fruits of all thine increase: so shall thy barns be filled with
+  plenty, and thy presses shall burst out with new wine."
+
+    J. A. PICTON.
+
+  Liverpool.
+
+_Suicides buried in Cross Roads_ (Vol. iv., pp. 116. 212.).--This was
+formerly the general practice in the South of England, and it has
+occasionally been resorted to within the last thirty years. At
+Chalvington, in Sussex, there once resided, according to a popular
+tradition, the _only honest miller ever known_. About a century since,
+this person, finding it impossible to succeed in business, hanged
+himself in his own mill, and was buried in a neighbouring "crossways."
+An oaken stake, driven through his body, taking root, grew into a tree,
+and threw a singular shrivelled branch, the only one it ever produced,
+across the road. It was the most singular tree I ever saw, and had
+something extremely hag-like and ghostly in its look. The spot was of
+course haunted, and many a rustic received a severe shock to his
+feelings on passing it after nightfall. The tradition was of course
+received by the intelligent as a piece of superstitious _folk-lore_, and
+the story of the "only honest miller" was regarded as a mere _myth_,
+until about twenty-five years ago, when a labourer employed in digging
+sand near the roots of the scraggy oak tree, discovered a human
+skeleton. This part of the history I can vouch for, having seen, when a
+schoolboy, some of the bones. I must not omit to mention that the honest
+miller of Chalvington owned the remarkable peculiarity of a "tot" or
+tuft of hair growing in the palm of each hand!
+
+    MARK ANTONY LOWER.
+
+_Armorial Bearings_ (Vol. iv., p. 58.).--The coat of arms described by
+F. I. B. is given by Robson and by Burke to the family of Kelley of
+Terrington, co. Devon, and the crests are similar, but I can find no
+authority for the coat in any work relating to that county. The ancient
+family, Kelly of Kelly, in Devon, bore a very different coat and crest.
+There is no such place as Terrington in that county, unless Torrington
+be meant, but no family of note bearing the name of Kelley had
+possessions there. I conclude, therefore, that there must be a mistake
+as to the county.
+
+    S. S. S.
+
+"_Life of Cromwell_" (Vol. iv., p. 117.).--No life of Cromwell was ever
+written by "_one Kember_;" there is a _Life of Oliver Cromwell, Lord
+Protector of the Commonwealth of England, Scotland, and Ireland_, the
+second edition (London, 1725) of which, greatly enlarged from the first,
+is now before me, and which has the autograph of Malone, who has on the
+fly-leaf asserted it to have been "written by Isaac Kimber, a Dissenting
+minister, who was born at Vantage in Berkshire, Dec. 1, 1692. His son,
+Edward Kimber, refers to it as the work of his father, in a history of
+England in ten volumes, which he published."
+
+Kimber's life is a much better one than Carlyle's; but the best
+biography of that most extraordinary man is by Thomas Cromwell,
+published some twenty or thirty years since, and of which there was a
+second edition.
+
+    J. MT.
+
+_Harris, Painter in Water Colours_ (Vol. iii., p. 329.).--In answer to
+the inquiry of T. C. W., relative to a Bible (Reeves, 1802) in the
+possession of his friend, I beg leave to state that the said Bible was
+illustrated with original drawings by my father, J. Harris of Walworth,
+who died seventeen years since, and that I am his only son surviving him
+in his profession. Any further communication relative to him I shall be
+most happy to give on a personal interview.
+
+    J. HARRIS.
+
+  40. Sidmouth Street. Regent Square, Sept. 27. 1851.
+
+"_Son of the Morning_" (Vol. iv., p. 209.).--AN OLD BENGAL CIVILIAN is
+informed that, no matter whom Byron may have intended to designate by
+the above glorious appellation, there is but ONE to whom it properly
+belongs. If your correspondent will consult the 110th Psalm, he will
+find David representing God the Father as thus addressing God the Son,
+the Lord Jesus Christ: "The dew of Thy birth is of the _womb of the
+morning_."
+
+    G. L. S.
+
+  Pemb. Coll. Oxon., Sept. 20. 1851.
+
+This seems to be an invocation to the personification of Light, Lucifer,
+or [Greek: phosphoros], the "son of the morning," by which intellectual
+light is indicated, through whose assistance we are enabled to discover
+the true faith.
+
+The poet enters a caveat that the latter do not act the part of an
+Iconoclast, as has too often been her wont. At least this appears to me
+to be the interpretation.
+
+    E. I. U. S. Club.
+
+_Grimsdyke or Grimesditch_ (Vol. iv., p. 192.).--Your Querist NAUTICUS
+describes the vallum or ditch called "Grimsdyke, or Grimesditch, or the
+Devil's Ditch," running from Great Berkhampstead, Hants, to Bradenham,
+Bucks, and then puts two Queries.
+
+NAUTICUS assumes that this ditch had, at some distant day, been an
+artificial earthwork; but at the same time he points out that, "from its
+total want of flank defence, it could hardly hold an enemy in check for
+long; and that it does not seem to have been a military way." He asks,
+"Are there other earthworks of the same name (Grimsdyke) in England?" I
+find no trace of any other _earthworks_ of that name in England; and it
+may be very questionable whether this ditch be of ancient earthwork, or
+of its original natural formation.
+
+But there is, in _Cheshire_, a brook or rivulet in its pristine state,
+called _Grimsditch_. This brook or rivulet is one of the contributory
+streams of Cheshire to the great rivers, the Mersey and the Weaver; and
+is described by the author of _King's Vale Royal of England, or the
+County Palatine of Chester illustrated_, published in 1656, as follows:
+
+  "The Grimsditch cometh from the Hall of Grimsditch, by Preston,
+  Daresbury, Keckwith, and so falleth into the Marsey."
+
+Here then we have the name of a place which gives the name of
+_Grimsditch_ to the brook or rivulet; and it is, moreover, shown by the
+County History that the place (the hamlet or lands of Grimsditch) has
+been in the possession of a family of the name of Grimsditch from the
+time of Henry III.
+
+From the words of the original grant this hamlet, by which Thomas
+Tuschet, in 10 Hen. III. 1226, grants to Hugo de Grimsditch "totam
+terram de Grimsdich pertinentem ad villam de Witeleigh" (Ormerod's
+_Chesh._ i. 488.), it may be inferred that the place went by the name of
+Grimsditch prior to the Norman Conquest. There can therefore be but
+little doubt that the name is of Anglo-Saxon origin.
+
+The present possessor of the property is Thomas Grimsditch, Esq., late
+M.P. for the borough of Macclesfield.
+
+The second Query of NAUTICUS applies to the _etymology_ of the word
+Grimsditch.
+
+This is a very difficult question to solve. Take the first syllable:
+_Grim_, _grime_, dirt, sullying blackness.
+
+  "She sweats; a man may go over shoes in the _grime_ of
+  it."--Shakspeare.
+
+Then the word _ditch_: this is derived from dic (Saxon), duk (Erse); but
+whatever may be the true etymology of the word, it can scarcely be
+doubted that it is of Anglo-Saxon origin.
+
+I may however add that there is a tradition in the Grimsditch family of
+Cheshire, said to have been handed down for many ages, as to the origin
+of the name, to the following effect:
+
+That in remote ages their first parents were warriors; that one of these
+warriors was attacked by a griffin; that a fierce contest ensued; and
+that the man was the conqueror of that fabulous bird or beast, the
+battle-ground being a _dyke_ or _ditch_.
+
+Hence, says the tradition, emanated the family coat of arms, which are
+certainly very singular, viz. Azure, a griffin or, about to tear, and
+ramping upon, a warrior, completely armed in plate armour, in bend
+dexter, across the lower part of the shield. Crest, a _Talbot_.
+
+    WILLIAM BEAUMONT.
+
+In reply to your correspondent NAUTICUS, who inquires whether there are
+any ancient entrenchments in England known by the name of _Grimsdyke_,
+besides the one he mentions in Hants, I beg to remind him that the Roman
+wall (or ditch and rampart) executed between the Firths of Forth and
+Clyde during the reign of the Emperor Antoninus Pius, is popularly
+called by the above name. To account for the name, it has been said that
+it originated in the circumstance of a chieftain of the name of _Graham_
+having been the first to force his way through it; but those who gave
+such a derivation of the word could scarcely have been aware that it
+bears this name in common with at least two others, viz., that mentioned
+by NAUTICUS as existing at Great Berkhampstead, Hants; and the other
+pointed out by W. S. G. as near Salisbury.
+
+    L. D. L.
+
+_Cagots_ (Vol. iv., p. 190.).--In reply to the inquiry of RUSTICUS, I
+rather imagine the _Cagots_ are the remains of the Paulician "Churches"
+of Thoulouse Albi and _Cahors_ (_Charhagensis_) of Maitland's _Albigenes
+and Waldenses_, p. 428.; and that the Cretins are no other than
+_credentes_ (cf. Maitland passim), probably remnants of the same body of
+heretics.
+
+    AJAX.
+
+Is there any resemblance between them and Cretins? Are there any
+families or races of Cretins ever heard of?
+
+    C. B.
+
+_The Serpent represented with a human Head_ (Vol. iv., p. 191.).--I send
+you two instances of the serpent being represented with a human head;
+the first occurs in the Arundel MS. No. 23., in this College, containing
+the genealogical descent of King Edward IV., and apparently coeval with
+that sovereign. The other is a beautifully executed sketch of Adam and
+Eve in a MS., also in this College, of the time of Henry VII., at the
+commencement of _The Genealogy of the Saxon Kings from Adam_. They are
+both female heads, the latter, however, being the entire bust.
+
+    THOMAS W. KING (York Herald).
+
+  College of Arms.
+
+In the stained glass of the east window in the Lady Chapel, Wells
+Cathedral (temp. Edw. III.), the serpent, which is entwined round a
+tree, and holds an apple, has not only the head but the upper half of a
+human figure. On a scroll is written in uncial letters, "Si comederitis
+de ligno vitae eritis sicut Dii scientis bonis et malis;" and in a
+straight line below the subject, "Arbor cum Serpente."
+
+    T. WT.
+
+_Fire Unknown_ (Vol. iv., pp. 209. 283.).--At the time when Leibnitz
+wrote, curious references to accounts of savages were not infrequent.
+All your readers will remember Locke's reference to some account of
+savages who had neither idea of God nor of being superior to man. It may
+be that narratives of tribes who did not use fire, who lived on dried
+flesh or fish, for instance, may have given rise to an idea of their not
+knowing fire. I think I remember to have seen it stated that some of the
+savages of Australia did not know fire. On this, five-and-twenty years
+ago, I made a note from Mr. Barron Field's _Collection of Geographical
+Memoirs of New South Wales_. Two wrecked Englishmen passed some time
+among the natives, and found they had no knowledge that water could be
+heated; but the very story seems to show that they knew of fire. On
+boiling some in a tin pot,
+
+  "The whole tribe gathered round them, and watched the pot till it
+  began to boil, when they all took to their heels, shouting and
+  screaming, nor could they be persuaded to return till they saw
+  them pour the water out and clean the pot, when they slowly
+  ventured back and carefully covered the place where the water was
+  spilt with sand."
+
+These two Englishmen were treated with great attention by the natives,
+they were painted twice a day, and it was quite their own faults that
+they did not have their noses bored and their bodies scarified.
+
+    M.
+
+_Plant in Texas_ (Vol. iv., p. 208.).--The following is an extract from
+a periodical of 1848 or 1849:
+
+  "According to the _Medical Times_, Major Alvord has discovered on
+  the American prairies a plant possessing the property of pointing
+  north and south, and has given it the name of _Sylphium
+  laciniatum_."
+
+    G. P***.
+
+_Copying Inscriptions_ (Vol. iv., p. 266.).--M. Lottin de Laval, "by a
+new process," has produced the most accurate copies of cuneatic
+inscriptions that have yet been published. It is said that he has copied
+by his process (which must, I think, be some kind of heliography) 1200
+inscriptions from the Sinaitic peninsula, the publication of which may
+be speedily expected, so that MR. BUCKTON'S wishes on this point are
+anticipated. These inscriptions have been already deciphered.
+
+    E. H. D. D.
+
+_Chantrey's Statue of Mrs. Jordan_ (Vol. iv., p. 58.).--MR. CORNISH will
+find this statue at Mapledurham in Oxon, the living of the lady's son.
+It remains there, it is stated, until an appropriate site can be
+obtained.
+
+    W. A.
+
+_Portraits of Burke_ (Vol. iv., p. 271.).--I doubt that Sir Joshua
+Reynolds ever painted a miniature, and I should say certainly not after
+Mr. Burke "had passed the meridian of life." His sister, Miss Reynolds,
+was a professed _miniature painter_, and I have little doubt must have
+painted Mr. Burke, as she certainly did Johnson; but the description
+given of this miniature is very unlike Mr. Burke. The name of the
+possessor might, in some degree, enable us to ascertain whether the
+portraits mentioned are really of the great statesman.
+
+    C.
+
+_Martial's Distribution of Hours_ (Vol. iv., p. 273.).--Martial's
+distribution of hours and employments seems to me to be as
+follows:--From 6 till 8 the visits of the "salutantes" are received;
+from 8 till 9 the law tribunals are attended; from 9 till 11 the "varii
+labores" occupy; from 11 till 12 the "quies." The expression "in
+quintam" must bring us to the end of the 5th hour; and the "sexta hora"
+must be that which concludes at 12.
+
+Your inquirer A. E. B. might have further asked what is the difference
+between the "quies" of the "sexta," and the "finis" of the "septima." To
+understand this is to understand the difficulty which he propounds. I
+apprehend the "quies" not to mean the "siesta," but that gradual and
+perhaps irregular cessation or suspension of employments which precedes
+the close of business for the day. The "siesta" is the "finis" of
+Martial, which would thus fall between 12 and 1; that time of the day at
+which A. E. B. fixes it rightly. I think he errs in identifying the
+"siesta" with the "sexta hora."
+
+To question 214 I may be allowed to reply, that the effect of moonlight
+upon the face of those who sleep exposed to it in hot climates is very
+severe indeed, producing an appearance not very unlike that of a swollen
+and putrescent corpse. The Psalmist refers to it Ps. cxxi. 6.; and all
+who have lived in the East Indies are well acquainted with the
+phenomenon.
+
+    THEOPHYLACT.
+
+
+
+
+Miscellaneous.
+
+
+NOTES ON BOOKS, SALES, CATALOGUES, ETC.
+
+The _Antiquarian Gleanings in the North of England, being Examples of
+Antique Furniture, Plate, Church Decorations, Objects of Historical
+Interest, &c., drawn and etched by William B. Scott, Government School
+of Design, Newcastle_, which has just been completed, is a valuable
+addition to the numerous works which have been published of late years
+illustrative of archaeology in its most picturesque aspect. It will be
+seen from the title that Mr. Scott has not confined himself to any one
+class of objects; in some cases historical associations having
+determined his choice; in others, the rarity of examples of the object
+illustrated; in others, their intrinsic beauty. The Chair of the
+Venerable Bede, and the Swords of Cromwell, Fairfax, and Lambert, belong
+to the first of these divisions; as the Nautilus Cup set in gold, and
+the Ivory Cup, both the property of Mr. Howard of Corby, belong to the
+last: and so much taste and skill has Mr. Scott shown in the whole of
+the thirty-eight plates, as quite to justify the hope expressed by him,
+that in all of them the connoisseur and the artist will find something
+worthy attention.
+
+We have before us two books to which we desire to direct the attention
+of our readers. The first is _A Manual of Ecclesiastical History, from
+the First to the Twelfth Century_, by the Rev. E. S. Foulkes, M.A., the
+main plan of which has been borrowed from Spanheim, and the materials
+principally compiled from that writer, Spondanus, Mosheim and Fleury,
+Gieseler, Doellinger, and others, respecting whom, however, Mr. Foulkes
+states, "I believe I have never once trusted to them on a point
+involving controversy without examining their authorities." "Let
+nobody," he elsewhere observes, "think that he can fairly know Church
+History from reading a single modern historian, whether Protestant or
+Roman Catholic; the only way of getting a correct view, unless a person
+should have time to consult the originals, is to read two opposite
+writers, side by side, and balance one set of facts against the other.
+Yet even so it is hopeless to get a true appreciation of past times
+except through cotemporary writings; I have therefore appended to the
+catalogue of modern historians a few of the principal cotemporary works,
+disciplinary, doctrinal, and historical, from age to age down to the end
+of the twelfth century, which would be a far more trustworthy clue to
+the real sentiments of the times than could be gained from a more modern
+source, and could not, I think, fail to be a corrective to narrow
+misapprehensions, and a great help to the student whose wish it is to be
+fair and candid." These extracts from Mr. Foulke's preface (which
+contains brief notices of the principal modern writers on the subject)
+sufficiently explain the nature of his very useful and carefully
+compiled volume.
+
+The other, Calmet's _Dictionary of the Bible, Abridged, Modernized, and
+Re-edited, according to the most recent Biblical Researches_, by T. A.
+Buckley, B.A., is addressed to a wider class of readers, and in its
+preparation general utility has been the main object; while in the
+remodelling which this popular and useful work of Calmet has here
+undergone, care has been taken to purify it from the Rationalism with
+which all the later editions have been charged, and to supply its place
+by such copious additions and alterations from the most recent biblical
+researches, so as to make the present edition rather a new book than a
+reprint of an old one; and deserving of that extensive circulation which
+its extremely moderate price is calculated to procure for it.
+
+_The Principles of Chemistry illustrated by Simple Experiments_, by Dr.
+J. A. Stoeckhardt, Professor in the Royal Academy of Agriculture at
+Tharaud, having been extensively adopted as an introductory work in the
+Schools of Germany, in consequence of its convenient classification and
+its clear and concise elucidation of principles, and explanation of
+chemical phenomena, it was translated into English at the recommendation
+of Professor Horsford; and a reprint of it from the American edition
+forms the new volume of Bohn's _Standard Library_. It is illustrated
+with numerous engravings, and as the necessary apparatus for performing
+most of the experiments in it is extremely small, the book will no doubt
+soon become a popular one.
+
+The Chetham Library, Manchester, will shortly receive a valuable
+addition to its literary treasures by Mr. Halliwell's donation of his
+extensive collection of Proclamations, Ballads, and Broadsides, which,
+we are informed, extends to upwards of 2500 articles, including many of
+great rarity, and a few probably unique. Amongst the latter are two
+curious black-letter ballads, printed in the year 1570, unnoticed by all
+bibliographers, and not to be found in the useful and interesting
+_Extracts from the Registers of the Stationers' Company_, recently
+published by Mr. Collier; but the greater portion of the collection
+belongs to the latter half of the seventeenth, and commencement of the
+eighteenth century, most of the ballads being reprints of much older
+copies.
+
+We are requested to remind such of our readers as are members of the
+Archaeological Institute that the Salisbury volume will be ready next
+week.
+
+CATALOGUES RECEIVED.--J. Petheram's (94. High Holborn) Catalogue 127.,
+being 8. for 1851, of Old and New Books; J. Gray Bell's (17. Bedford
+Street, Covent Garden) Catalogue Part 27. of Valuable and Interesting
+Books, Manuscripts, Prints, Drawings, &c.; W. Pedder's (10. Holywell
+Street) Catalogue Part 7. for 1851 of Ancient and Modern Books; B.
+Quaritch's (16. Castle Street, Leicester Square) Catalogue No. 35. of
+Books in European Languages, Dialects, Classics, &c.
+
+
+BOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES
+
+WANTED TO PURCHASE.
+
+POPE'S LITERARY CORRESPONDENCE. Vol. III. Curll. 1735.
+
+ALMANACS, any for the year 1752.
+
+MATTHIAS' OBSERVATIONS ON GRAY. 8vo. 1815.
+
+SHAKSPEARE, JOHNSON, AND STEVENS, WITH REED'S ADDITIONS. 3rd Edition,
+1785. Vol. V.
+
+SWIFT'S WORKS, Faulkner's Edition. 8 Vols. 12mo. Dublin, 1747. Vol. III.
+
+SOUTHEY'S PENINSULAR WAR. Vols. V. VI. 8vo.
+
+JOURNAL OF THE GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF DUBLIN. Vol. I. Part I. (One or
+more copies.)
+
+THE ANTIQUARY. 8vo. Edinburgh, 1816. Vols. I. and II.
+
+HISTORY AND ANTIQUITIES OF TWICKENHAM, being the First Part of Parochial
+Collections for the County of Middlesex, begun in 1780 by E. Ironside,
+Esq., London, 1797. (This work forms 1 vol. of Miscell. Antiquities in
+continuation of the Bib. Topographica, and is usually bound in the 10th
+Volume.)
+
+RITSON'S ROBIN HOOD. 12mo. London, 1795. Vol. II. (10_s._ will be given
+for a clean copy in _boards_, or 7_s._ 6_d._ for a clean copy _bound_.)
+
+DR. JOHNSON'S PRAYERS AND MEDITATIONS.
+
+ANNUAL OBITUARY AND BIOGRAPHY. Vol. XXXI.
+
+THEOPHILUS AND PHILODOXUS, or Several Conferences, &c., by Gilbert
+Giles, D.D., Oxon, 1674; or the same work republished 1679, under the
+title of a "Dialogue between a Protestant and a Papist."
+
+PECK'S COMPLETE CATALOGUE OF ALL THE DISCOURSES WRITTEN BOTH FOR AND
+AGAINST PAPACY IN THE TIME OF KING JAMES II. 1735. 4to.
+
+  [Star symbol] Letters, stating particulars and lowest price,
+  _carriage free_, to be sent to MR. BELL, Publisher of "NOTES AND
+  QUERIES," 186. Fleet Street.
+
+
+Notices to Correspondents.
+
+A. B. R. _will find the passage he refers to_--
+
+              "Spirits are not finely touch'd,
+      But to fine issues ----"
+
+_in the opening scene of_ "Measure for Measure."
+
+NOVUS. "The Three Treatises by Wickliffe," _edited by Dr. Todd, have not
+actually been published as yet. Copies will, however, soon be on sale at
+Messrs. Hamilton and Adams', Paternoster Row._
+
+E. A. D.'s _communication did not reach us in time to enable us to do as
+he wished._
+
+THEOPHYLACT _will find the most important point in his letter treated in
+our next Number. Would he in future oblige us by separating his various
+communications?_
+
+[Hebrew: A. T.] _is thanked for his very kind letter, which we have
+availed ourselves of his permission to forward._
+
+DAN. STONE, ESQUIRE'S "Anagrams" _reached us at too late a period for
+insertion in the present Number._
+
+REPLIES RECEIVED.--_Ash Sap--Anagrams--Marriage of
+Ecclesiastics--Horology--Bourchier Family--Pauper's Badge--Carling
+Sunday--Three Estates of the Realm--Posie of other Men's Flowers--Sacro
+sancta Regum Majestas--The Soul's Errand--Middleton's Epigrams--Man is
+born to Trouble--Cockney--Flemings in Pembrokeshire--Image of both
+Churches, &c.--Crowns have their Compass--Aneroid Barometer--Eyre
+Family--Baxtorf's Translation of Levita--Wylecop--Equestrian Figure of
+Elizabeth--Nao for Ship--Medical Use of Pigeons, and others which are in
+type._
+
+_Copies of our Prospectus, according to the suggestion of_ T. E. H.,
+_will be forwarded to any correspondent willing to assist us by
+circulating them._
+
+VOLS. I., II., _and_ III., _with very copious Indices, may still be had,
+prices 9s. 6d. each, neatly bound in cloth._
+
+NOTES AND QUERIES _is published at noon on Friday, so that our country
+Subscribers may receive it on Saturday. The subscription for the Stamped
+Edition is 10s. 2d. for Six Months, which may be paid by Post-office
+Order drawn in favour of our Publisher,_ MR. GEORGE BELL. 186. Fleet
+Street; _to whose care all communications for the Editor should be
+addressed._
+
+
+
+
+LONDON LIBRARY, 12. St. James's Square.--Patron--His Royal Highness
+Prince ALBERT.
+
+  This Institution now offers to its members a collection of 60,000
+  volumes, to which additions are constantly making, both in English
+  and foreign literature. A reading room is also open for the use of
+  the members, supplied with the best English and foreign
+  periodicals.
+
+  Terms of admission--entrance fee, 6_l._; annual subscription,
+  2_l._; or entrance fee and life subscription, 26_l._
+
+  By order of the Committee.
+
+      September, 1851.
+
+  J. G. COCHRANE, Secretary and Librarian.
+
+
+LONDON SACRED MUSIC WAREHOUSE, Chief Establishment, 69. Dean Street,
+Soho Square; City Depot, 24. Poultry.
+
+  Office of the "MUSICAL TIMES," published on the 1st of every
+  Month.
+
+  Office of the "GLEE-HIVE," published every Week.
+
+  [Star symbol] It is requested that Post-office Orders be made
+  payable to JOSEPH ALFRED NOVELLO, at the Charing Cross Office.
+
+
+ALMANACKS FOR 1852.
+
+  WHITAKER'S CLERGYMAN'S DIARY, for 1852, will contain a Diary, with
+  Table of Lessons, Collects, &c., and full directions for Public
+  Worship for every day in the year, with blank spaces for
+  Memoranda: A List of all the Bishops and other Dignitaries of the
+  Church, arranged under the order of their respective Dioceses;
+  Bishops of the Scottish and American Churches; and particulars
+  respecting the Roman Catholic and Greek Churches; together with
+  Statistics of the various Religious Sects in England; Particulars
+  of the Societies connected with the Church; of the Universities,
+  &c. Members of both Houses of Convocation, of both Houses of
+  Parliament, the Government, Courts of Law, &c. With Instructions
+  to Candidates for Holy Orders; and a variety of information useful
+  to all Clergymen, price in cloth 3_s._, or 5_s._ as a pocket-book
+  with tuck.
+
+  THE FAMILY ALMANACK AND EDUCATIONAL REGISTER for 1852 will
+  contain, in addition to the more than usual contents of an
+  Almanack for Family Use, a list of the Universities of the United
+  Kingdom, with the Heads of Houses, Professors, &c. A list of the
+  various Colleges connected with the Church of England, Roman
+  Catholics, and various Dissenting bodies. Together with a complete
+  List of all the Foundation and Grammar Schools, with an Account of
+  the Scholarships and Exhibitions attached to them; to which is
+  added an Appendix, containing an Account of the Committee of
+  Council on Education, and of the various Training Institutions for
+  Teachers; compiled from original sources.
+
+  WHITAKER'S PENNY ALMANACK FOR CHURCHMEN. Containing thirty-six
+  pages of Useful Information, including a Table of the Lessons;
+  Lists of both Houses of Parliament, &c. &c., stitched in a neat
+  wrapper.
+
+  JOHN HENRY PARKER, Oxford and London.
+
+
+Now ready, Price 25_s._, Second Edition, revised and corrected.
+Dedicated by Special Permission to
+
+  THE (LATE) ARCHBISHOP OF CANTERBURY.
+
+  PSALMS AND HYMNS FOR THE SERVICE OF THE CHURCH. The words selected
+  by the Very Rev. H. H. MILMAN, D.D., Dean of St. Paul's. The Music
+  arranged for Four Voices, but applicable also to Two or One,
+  including Chants for the Services, Responses to the commandments,
+  and a Concise SYSTEM OF CHANTING, by J. B. SALE, Musical
+  Instructor and Organist to Her Majesty. 4to., neat, in morocco
+  cloth, price 25_s._ To be had of Mr. J. B. SALE, 21. Holywell
+  Street, Millbank, Westminster, on the receipt of a Post Office
+  Order for that amount: and by order, of the principal Booksellers
+  and Music Warehouses.
+
+  "A great advance on the works we have hitherto had, connected with
+  our Church and Cathedral Service."--_Times._
+
+  "A collection of Psalm Tunes certainly unequalled in this
+  country."--_Literary Gazette._
+
+  "One of the best collections of tunes which we have yet seen. Well
+  merits the distinguished patronage under which it
+  appears."--_Musical World._
+
+  "A collection of Psalms and Hymns, together with a system of
+  Chanting of a very superior character to any which has hitherto
+  appeared."--_John Bull._
+
+  London: GEORGE BELL, 186. Fleet Street.
+
+  Also, lately published,
+
+  J. B. SALE'S SANCTUS, COMMANDMENTS and CHANTS as performed at the
+  Chapel Royal St. James, price 2_s._
+
+  C. LONSDALE, 26. Old Bond Street.
+
+
+Now ready, royal 4to., half bound, 38 Plates, 1_l._ 11_s._ 6_d._,
+Coloured 2_l._ 2_s._,
+
+  ANTIQUARIAN GLEANINGS IN THE NORTH OF ENGLAND; being examples of
+  Antique Furniture Plate, Church Decorations, Objects of Historical
+  Interest, &c. Drawn and Etched by WILLIAM B. SCOTT, Government
+  School of Design, Newcastle, containing--Antiquities in Jarrow
+  Church--Swords of Cromwell, Lambert, Fairfax, &c.--Norman Wall
+  paintings--Antiquities in York Minster--Rosary of Mary Queen of
+  Scots--Antiquities at Hexham--Stained Glass, &c. in Wetheral
+  Church--Figures of the Apostles in Carlisle Cathedral--Drinking
+  Vessels, Carvings, &c.
+
+  "A collection of Antiquarian Relics, chiefly in the decorative
+  branch of art, preserved in the Northern Counties, portrayed by a
+  very competent hand. Many of the objects possess considerable
+  interest; such as the chair of the Venerable Bede, Cromwell's
+  sword and watch, and the grace-cup of Thomas a Becket. All are
+  drawn with that distinctness which makes them available for the
+  antiquarian, for the artist who is studying costume, and for the
+  study of decorative art."--_Spectator._
+
+  Parts 3 and 4 may be had to complete Sets; price together, 10_s._
+  Plain, 15_s._ Coloured.
+
+  London: GEORGE BELL, 186. Fleet Street.
+
+
+SPECIAL NOTICE TO INTENDING ASSURERS.
+
+  INTENDING Life Assurers are respectfully invited to compare the
+  principles, rates, and whole provisions of the
+
+  SCOTTISH PROVIDENT INSTITUTION
+
+  with those of any existing company.
+
+  In this Society the whole profits are divisible among the
+  policy-holders, who are at the same time exempt from personal
+  liability. It claims superiority, however, over other mutual
+  offices in the following particulars.
+
+  1. Premiums at early and middle ages about a fourth lower. See
+  specimens below.(*)
+
+  2. A more accurate adjustment of the rates of premium to the
+  several ages.
+
+  3. A principle in the division of the surplus more safe,
+  equitable, and favourable to good lives.
+
+  4. Exemption from entry money.
+
+      (*) Annual Premiums for 100_l._, with Whole Profits.
+
+      --------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------
+       Age 20 |   25  |   30  |   35  |   40  |   45  |   50  |  55
+      --------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------
+      l.1 15  8|1 18  0|2  1  6|2  6 10|2 14  9|3  4  9|4  1  7|5  1 11
+      --------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------
+
+      (*) Annual Premiums for 100_l._, with Whole Profits, payable
+          for 21 years only.
+
+      --------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------
+       Age 20 |   25  |   30  |   35  |   40  |   45  |   50
+      --------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------
+            10|2 10  8|2 14  6|2 19  8|3  6  4|3 14  9|4  7  2
+      --------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------
+
+      All policies indisputable unless obtained by fraud.
+
+  Forms of proposal, prospectus containing full tables, copies of
+  the Twelfth Annual Report, and every information, will be
+  forwarded (gratis) on application at the London Office, 12.
+  Moorgate Street.
+
+  GEORGE GRANT, Agent for London.
+
+
+Vols. I. and II. now ready.
+
+  Elegantly bound in ultramarine cloth, gilt edges, price 6_s._
+  each.
+
+  GIRLHOOD OF SHAKSPEARE'S HEROINES.
+
+  A Series of Fifteen Tales. By MARY COWDEN CLARKE. Periodically, in
+  One Shilling Books, each containing a complete Story.
+
+  Vol. I. Price 6_s._
+
+      Tale I. PORTIA: THE HEIRESS OF BELMONT.
+      Tale II. THE THANE'S DAUGHTER.
+      Tale III. HELENA: THE PHYSICIAN'S ORPHAN.
+      Tale IV. DESDEMONA: THE MAGNIFICO'S CHILD.
+      Tale V. MEG AND ALICE: THE MERRY MAIDS OF WINDSOR.
+
+  Vol. II. Price 6_s._
+
+      Tale VI. ISABELLA: THE VOTARESS.
+      Tale VII. KATHARINA AND BIANCA: THE SHREW, AND THE DEMURE.
+      Tale VIII. OPHELIA: THE ROSE OF ELSINORE.
+      Tale IX. ROSALIND AND CELIA: THE FRIENDS.
+      Tale X. JULIET: THE WHITE DOVE OF VERONA.
+
+  Vol. III. (In progress.)
+
+      Tale XI. BEATRICE AND HERO: THE COUSINS.
+      Tale XII. OLIVIA: THE LADY OF ILLYRIA.
+
+  SMITH & CO., 136. Strand; and SIMPKIN & CO., Stationers' Hall Court.
+
+
+NEW PUBLICATIONS.
+
+  Just published, post 8vo. cloth, 10_s._ 6_d._
+
+  THE LIFE OF JOHN STERLING. By THOMAS CARLYLE.
+
+  "Will be likely to find an eager and a gratified
+  audience."--_Athenaeum._
+
+  In a few days, in 1 vol. fcap. cloth,
+
+  OUTLINES OF THE HISTORY OF THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE. With Illustrative
+  Specimens. For the Use of Colleges and Schools. By GEORGE L.
+  CRAIK, Professor of History and of English Literature in Queen's
+  College, Belfast.
+
+  London: CHAPMAN & HALL, 193. Piccadilly.
+
+
+ANGLO-SAXON BOOKS CHEAP.--Bosworth's Dictionary, first edition, with the
+Preface, 1838, royal 8vo. cloth, 38_s._--The same, 2nd edition, 8vo.
+1849, cloth, 10_s._--Ettmuelleri Lexicon Anglo-Saxonicum, 8vo. 840 pp.
+ed. 1851, 12_s._ 6_d._--Thorpe, Analecta Anglo-Saxonica, a Selection in
+Prose and Verse, with a Glossary, 8vo. 2nd edition. 1846, cloth,
+7_s._--Richthofen's Alt-Friesisches Woerterbuch, stout 4to. Goett. 1840,
+sd. 6_s._ 6_d._
+
+  Catalogues of Rare and Cheap Books in all the Dialects of Europe
+  GRATIS.
+
+  BERNARD QUARITCH, Foreign Second-hand Bookseller, 16. Castle
+  Street, Leicester Square.
+
+
+PROVIDENT LIFE OFFICE, 50. REGENT STREET. CITY BRANCH: 2. ROYAL EXCHANGE
+BUILDINGS.
+
+      Established 1806.
+      Policy Holders' Capital, 1,192,818_l._
+      Annual Income, 150,000_l._--Bonuses Declared, 743,000_l._
+      Claims paid since the Establishment of the Office, 2,001,450_l._
+
+      _President._
+      The Right Honourable EARL GREY.
+
+      _Directors._
+      The Rev. James Sherman, _Chairman_.
+      Henry Blencowe Churchill, Esq., _Deputy-Chairman_.
+      Henry B. Alexander, Esq.
+      George Dacre, Esq.
+      William Judd, Esq.
+      Sir Richard D. King, Bart.
+      The Hon. Arthur Kinnaird
+      Thomas Maugham, Esq.
+      William Ostler, Esq.
+      Apsley Pellatt, Esq.
+      George Round, Esq.
+      Frederick Squire, Esq.
+      William Henry Stone, Esq.
+      Capt. William John Williams.
+
+      J. A. Beaumont, Esq., _Managing Director_.
+
+      _Physician_--John Maclean, M.D. F.S.S., 29. Upper Montague
+      Street, Montague Square.
+
+  NINETEEN-TWENTIETHS OF THE PROFITS ARE DIVIDED AMONG THE INSURED.
+
+  Examples of the Extinction of Premiums by the Surrender of Bonuses.
+
+      Date of Policy. 1806
+      Sum Insured. l.2500
+      Original Premium. l.79  10  10 Extinguished
+      Bonuses added subsequently, to be further interested annually.
+          l.1222   2   0
+
+      Date of Policy. 1811
+      Sum Insured. l.1000
+      Original Premium. l. 33  19   2 Ditto [Extinguished]
+      Bonuses added subsequently, to be further interested annually.
+           l.231  17   8
+
+      Date of Policy. 1818
+      Sum Insured. l.1000
+      Original Premium. l. 34  16  10 Ditto [Extinguished]
+      Bonuses added subsequently, to be further interested annually.
+           l.114  18  10
+
+  Examples of Bonuses added to other Policies.
+
+       Policy No.  521
+       Date. 1807
+       Sum Insured.  l.900
+       Bonus added. l.982  12  1
+       Total with Additions to be further increased. l.1882  12  1
+
+       Policy No. 1174
+       Date. 1810
+       Sum Insured. l.1200
+       Bonus added. l.1160   5  6
+       Total with Additions to be further increased. l.2360   5  6
+
+       Policy No. 3392
+       Date. 1820
+       Sum Insured. l.5000
+       Bonus added. l.3558  17  8
+       Total with Additions to be further increased. l.8558  17  8
+
+  Prospectuses and full particulars may be obtained upon application
+  to the Agents of the Office, in all the principal Towns of the
+  United Kingdom, at the City Branch, and at the Head Office, No.
+  50. Regent Street.
+
+
+WESTERN LIFE ASSURANCE AND ANNUITY SOCIETY,
+
+  3. PARLIAMENT STREET, LONDON.
+
+      Founded A.D. 1842.
+
+      _Directors._
+
+      H. Edgeworth Bicknell, Esq.
+      William Cabell, Esq.
+      T. Somers Cocks, Jun. Esq. M.P.
+      G. Henry Drew, Esq.
+      William Evans, Esq.
+      William Freeman, Esq.
+      F. Fuller, Esq.
+      J. Henry Goodhart, Esq.
+      T. Grissell, Esq.
+      James Hunt, Esq.
+      J. Arscott Lethbridge, Esq.
+      E. Lucas, Esq.
+      James Lys Seager, Esq.
+      J. Basley White, Esq.
+      Joseph Carter Wood, Esq.
+
+      _Trustees._
+
+      W. Whateley, Esq., Q.C.
+      L. C. Humfrey, Esq., Q.C.
+      George Drew, Esq.
+
+      _Consulting Counsel._--Sir William P. Wood, M.P., Solicitor-General.
+      _Physician._--William Rich. Basham, M.D.
+      _Bankers._--Messrs. Cocks, Biddulph, and Co., Charing Cross.
+
+  VALUABLE PRIVILEGE.
+
+  Policies effected in this Office do not become void through
+  temporary difficulty in paying a Premium, as permission is given
+  upon application to suspend the payment at interest, according to
+  the conditions detailed in the Prospectus.
+
+  Specimens of Rates of Premium for Assuring 100_l._, with a Share
+  in three-fourths of the Profits:--
+
+      Age    l.    _s._    _d._
+      17     1     14      4
+      22     1     18      8
+      27     2      4      5
+      32     2     10      8
+      37     2     18      6
+      42     3      8      2
+
+      ARTHUR SCRATCHLEY, M.A., F.R.A.S., Actuary.
+
+  Now ready, price 10_s._ 6_d._, Second Edition, with material
+  additions, INDUSTRIAL INVESTMENT and EMIGRATION; being a TREATISE
+  on BENEFIT BUILDING SOCIETIES, and on the General Principles of
+  Land Investment, exemplified in the Cases of Freehold Land
+  Societies, Building Companies, &c. With a Mathematical Appendix on
+  Compound Interest and Life Assurance. By ARTHUR SCRATCHLEY, M.A.,
+  Actuary to the Western Life Assurance Society, 3. Parliament
+  Street, London.
+
+
+MESSRS. PUTTICK AND SIMPSON beg to announce that their season for SALES
+of LITERARY PROPERTY will COMMENCE on NOVEMBER 1st, and would call
+attention to the ensuing List of Sales in preparation by them. In
+addressing Executors and others entrusted with the disposal of
+Libraries, and collections (however limited or extensive) of
+Manuscripts, Autographs, Prints, Pictures, Music, Musical Instruments,
+Objects of Art and Virtu, and Works connected with Literature, and the
+Arts generally, would suggest a Sale by Auction as the readiest and
+surest method of obtaining their full value; and conceive that the
+central situation of their premises (near St. James's Church), their
+extensive connexion of more than half a century's standing, and their
+prompt settlement of the sale accounts in cash, are advantages that will
+not be unappreciated. Messrs. P. & S. will also receive small Parcels of
+Books or other Literary Property, and insert them in occasional Sales
+with property of a kindred description, thus giving the same advantages
+to the possessor of a few Lots as to the owner of a large Collection.
+
+  [Star symbol] Libraries Catalogued, Arranged, and Valued for the
+  Probate or Legacy Duty, or for Public or Private Sale.
+
+  On Saturday, Nov. 1, a large Collection of VALUABLE BOOKS, removed
+  from the Country, including many curious and rare Works, and a
+  good selection of Modern Literature. Six days' sale.
+
+  On Wednesday, Nov. 12, EFFECTS of the late STANESBY ALCHORNE,
+  Esq., of the Tower, including his Numismatic Library, very
+  important MSS. relating to Mint Affairs, Royal and other
+  Autographs (30 of Sir Isaac Newton), the celebrated Hydrostatic
+  Balance made for the adjustment of the Standard in 1758, a most
+  important series of weights, including the original and unique
+  Troy Pound, the Collection of Coins and Medals in gold and silver,
+  in the finest condition, many patterns and proofs, and a
+  well-known and very important picture by Murillo.
+
+  On Saturday, Nov. 15, a very extensive and important Collection of
+  MANUSCRIPTS, CHARTERS, DEEDS, and other DOCUMENTS, chiefly
+  relating to English County and Family History.
+
+  On Monday, Nov. 17, the LIBRARY of the late RICHARD JONES, Esq.,
+  removed from his residence, Chapel Street, Belgrave Square,
+  including an excellent Collection of Dramatic and General
+  Literature. Four days' sale.
+
+  A Selection of CURIOUS BOOKS and MANUSCRIPTS of an eminent
+  Collector, deceased. Two days' sale.
+
+  A Collection of AUTOGRAPH LETTERS and Documents of considerable
+  interest, the property of a well-known Collector relinquishing
+  that part of his Collection.
+
+  The concluding portion of the Collection of AUTOGRAPH LETTERS of
+  Mons. A. DONNADIEU, comprising, mainly, the period of the first
+  French Revolution. Three days' sale.
+
+  The MUSICAL COLLECTIONS of a Gentleman recently deceased,
+  including some engraved plates of Copyright Works, Musical
+  Instruments, &c.
+
+  The very important and extensive LIBRARY of the COUNT MONDIDIER,
+  recently imported, especially rich in Foreign Literature, and
+  comprising an extraordinary Collection of Books relating to
+  America, Voyages, Travels, and Itineraries, including some of the
+  rarest Works in these classics, and many which have been hitherto
+  unknown to Bibliographers. Ten days' sale.
+
+  [Star symbol] Catalogues of any of the before named Collections
+  will be sent on application to the Auctioneers, 191. Piccadilly.
+
+
+Price 2_s._ 6_d._; by Post 3_s._
+
+  ILLUSTRATION AND ENQUIRIES RELATING TO MESMERISM. Part I. By the
+  Rev. S. R. MAITLAND, D.D., F.R.S., F.S.A. Sometime Librarian to
+  the late Archbishop of Canterbury, and Keeper of the MSS. at
+  Lambeth.
+
+  "One of the most valuable and interesting pamphlets we ever
+  read."--_Morning Herald._
+
+  "This publication, which promises to be the commencement of a
+  larger work, will well repay serious perusal."--_Ir. Eccl. Journ._
+
+  "A small pamphlet in which he throws a startling light on the
+  practices of modern Mesmerism."--_Nottingham Journal._
+
+  "Dr. Maitland, we consider, has here brought Mesmerism to the
+  'touchstone of truth,' to the test of the standard of right or
+  wrong. We thank him for this first instalment of his inquiry, and
+  hope that he will not long delay the remaining portions."--_London
+  Medical Gazette._
+
+  "The Enquiries are extremely curious, we should indeed say
+  important. That relating to the Witch of Endor is one of the most
+  successful we ever read. We cannot enter into particulars in this
+  brief notice; but we would strongly recommend the pamphlet even to
+  those who care nothing about Mesmerism, or _angry_ (for it has
+  come to this at last) with the subject."--_Dublin Evening Post._
+
+  "We recommend its general perusal as being really an endeavour, by
+  one whose position gives him the best facilities, to ascertain the
+  genuine character of Mesmerism, which is so much
+  disputed."--_Woolmer's Exeter Gazette._
+
+  "Dr. Maitland has bestowed a vast deal of attention on the subject
+  for many years past, and the present pamphlet is in part the
+  result of his thoughts and inquiries. There is a good deal in it
+  which we should have been glad to quote ... but we content
+  ourselves with referring our readers to the pamphlet
+  itself."--_Brit. Mag._
+
+  PIPER, BROTHERS, & CO., 23. Paternoster Row.
+
+
+BOOKS PUBLISHED BY
+
+  JOHN RUSSELL SMITH,
+
+  4. OLD COMPTON STREET, SOHO SQUARE, LONDON.
+
+  A DELECTUS IN ANGLO-SAXON, intended as a First Class-book in the
+  Language. By the Rev. W. BARNES, of St. John's College, Cambridge,
+  author of the Poems and Glossary in the Dorset dialect. 12mo.
+  cloth, 2_s._ 6_d._
+
+  "To those who wish to possess a critical knowledge of their own
+  native English, some acquaintance with Anglo-Saxon is
+  indispensable; and we have never seen an introduction better
+  calculated than the present to supply the wants of a beginner in a
+  short space of time. The declensions and conjugations are well
+  stated, and illustrated by references to the Greek, Latin, French,
+  and other languages. A philosophical spirit pervades every part.
+  The Delectus consists of short pieces on various subjects, with
+  extracts from Anglo-Saxon History and the Saxon Chronicle. There
+  is a good Glossary at the end."--_Athenaeum, Oct. 20, 1849._
+
+  GUIDE TO THE ANGLO-SAXON TONGUE, with Lessons in Verse and Prose,
+  for the Use of Learners. By E. J. VERNON, B.A., Oxon. 12mo. cloth,
+  5_s._ 6_d._
+
+  [Star symbol] This will be found useful as a Second Class-book, or
+  to those well versed in other languages.
+
+  BOSWORTH'S (REV. DR.) COMPENDIOUS ANGLO-SAXON AND ENGLISH
+  DICTIONARY. 8vo. closely printed in treble columns, cloth, 12_s._
+
+  "This is not a mere abridgment of the large Dictionary, but almost
+  an entirely new work. In this compendious one will be found, at a
+  very moderate price, all that is most practical and valuable in
+  the former expensive edition, with a great accession of new words
+  and matter."--_Author's Preface._
+
+  ANALECTA ANGLO-SAXONICA. Selections in Prose and Verse from
+  Anglo-Saxon Literature, with an Introductory Ethnological Essay,
+  and Notes, critical and explanatory. By LOUIS F. KLIPSTEIN, of the
+  University of Giessen, 2 thick vols. post 8vo. cloth, 12_s._
+  (original price 18_s._)
+
+  CONSUETUDINES KANCIAE. A History of GAVELKIND, and other remarkable
+  Customs in the County of KENT, by CHARLES SANDYS, Esq., F.S.A.
+  (Cantianus), illustrated with fac-similes, a very handsome volume,
+  8vo. cloth, 15_s._
+
+  FACTS AND SPECULATIONS ON THE ORIGIN AND HISTORY OF PLAYING CARDS.
+  By W. A. CHATTO, Author of "Jackson's History of Wood Engraving,"
+  in one handsome vol. 8vo. illustrated with many Engravings, both
+  plain and coloured, cloth, 1_l._ 1_s._
+
+  "It is exceedingly amusing."--_Atlas._
+
+  "A curious, entertaining, and really learned book."--_Rambler._
+
+  "Indeed the entire production deserves our warmest
+  approbation."--_Literary Gazette._
+
+  "A perfect fund of Antiquarian research, and most interesting even
+  to persons who never play at cards."--_Tait's Mag._
+
+  A DICTIONARY OF ARCHAIC AND PROVINCIAL WORDS, Obsolete Phrases,
+  Proverbs, and Ancient Customs, from the reign of Edward I. By
+  JAMES ORCHARD HALLIWELL, F.R.S., F.S.A., &c. 2 vols. 8vo.
+  containing upwards of 1,000 pages, closely printed in double
+  columns, cloth 1_l._ 1_s._
+
+  It contains above 50,000 Words (embodying all the known scattered
+  Glossaries of the English language), forming a complete key to the
+  reading of the works of our old Poets, Dramatists, Theologians,
+  and other authors, whose works abound with allusions, of which
+  explanations are not to be found in ordinary Dictionaries and
+  books of reference. Most of the principal Archaisms are
+  illustrated by examples selected from early inedited MSS. and rare
+  books, and by far the greater portion will be found to be original
+  authorities.
+
+  BRUCE'S (REV. J. C.) HISTORICAL AND TOPOGRAPHICAL ACCOUNT OF THE
+  ROMAN WALL FROM THE TYNE TO THE SOLWAY. Thick 8vo. 35 plates and
+  194 woodcuts, half morocco, 1_l._ 1_s._
+
+  GUIDE TO ARCHAEOLOGY. An Archaeological Index to Remains of
+  Antiquity of the Celtic, Romano-British, and Anglo-Saxon periods.
+  By JOHN YONGE AKERMAN, fellow and secretary to the Society of
+  Antiquaries. 1 vol. 8vo. illustrated with numerous engravings,
+  comprising upwards of 500 objects, cloth, 15_s._
+
+  "One of the first wants of an incipient antiquary is the facility
+  of comparison, and here it is furnished him at one glance. The
+  plates, indeed, form the most valuable part of the book, both by
+  their number and the judicious selection of types and examples
+  which they contain. It is a book which we can, on this account,
+  safely and warmly recommend to all who are interested in the
+  antiquities of their native land."--_Literary Gazette._
+
+  "A book of such utility--so concise, so clear, so well condensed
+  from such varied and voluminous sources--cannot fail to be
+  generally acceptable."--_Art Union._
+
+  COINS. An Introduction to the Study of Ancient and Modern Coins.
+  By J. Y. AKERMAN. Fcp. 8vo. with numerous wood engravings, from
+  the original coins, 6_s._ 6_d._
+
+  COINS OF THE ROMANS RELATING TO BRITAIN, described and
+  illustrated. By J. Y. AKERMAN, F.S.A. Second edition, 8vo. greatly
+  enlarged with plates and woodcuts, 10_s._ 6_d._ cloth.
+
+  SMITH'S (C. ROACH) ANTIQUITIES OF RICHBOROUGH, RECULVER, AND
+  LYMNE, IN KENT. Small 4to. many plates, cloth, 1_l._ 1_s._
+
+  A LITTLE BOOK OF SONGS AND BALLADS, gathered from Ancient Musick
+  Books, MS. and Printed. By E. F. RIMBAULT, LL.D., &c. Post 8vo.
+  pp. 240, half-bound in morocco, 6_s._
+
+  ---- Antique Ballads, sung to crowds of old, Now cheaply bought
+  for thrice their weight in gold.
+
+  BIBLIOTHECA MADRIGALIANA; a Bibliographical Account of the Music
+  and Poetical Works published in England in the Sixteenth and
+  Seventeenth Centuries, under the Titles of Madrigals, Ballets,
+  Ayres, Canzonets, &c. By DR. RIMBAULT. 8vo. cloth, 5_s._
+
+  HERALDS' VISITATIONS. An Index to all the Pedigrees and Arms in
+  the Heraldic Visitations and other Genealogical MSS. in the
+  British Museum. By G. SIMS, of the Manuscript Department. 8vo.
+  closely printed in double columns, cloth, 15_s._
+
+  [Star symbol] An indispensable book to those engaged in
+  genealogical or topographical pursuits, affording a ready clue to
+  the pedigrees and arms of above 30,000 of the gentry of England,
+  their residences, &c. (distinguishing the different families of
+  the same name, in every county), as recorded by the Heralds in
+  their Visitations, with Indexes to other genealogical MSS. in the
+  British Museum. It has been the work of immense labour. No public
+  library ought to be without it.
+
+  THE NURSERY RHYMES OF ENGLAND, collected chiefly from oral
+  tradition. Edited by J. O. HALLIWELL. Fourth edition, 12mo. with
+  38 Designs by W. B. Scott. 4_s._ 6_d._ cloth.
+
+  POPULAR RHYMES AND NURSERY TALES, with Historical Elucidations; a
+  Sequel to "The Nursery Rhymes of England." Edited by J. O.
+  HALLIWELL. Royal 18mo. 4_s._ 6_d._
+
+  HOLBEIN'S DANCE OF DEATH, with an Historical and Literary
+  Introduction by an Antiquary. Square post 8vo. with 54 Engravings,
+  being the most accurate copies ever executed of these gems of Art,
+  and a Frontispiece of an Ancient Bedstead at Aix-la-Chapelle, with
+  a Dance of Death carved on it, engraved by Fairholt, cloth, 9_s._
+
+  "The designs are executed with a spirit and fidelity quite
+  extraordinary. They are indeed most truthful."--_Athenaeum._
+
+
+
+
+Printed by THOMAS CLARK SHAW, of No. 8. New Street Square, at No. 5. New
+Street Square, in the Parish of St. Bride in the City of London; and
+published by GEORGE BELL, of No. 186. Fleet Street, in the Parish of St.
+Dunstan in the West, in the City of London, Publisher, at No. 186. Fleet
+Street aforesaid.--Saturday, October 25. 1851.
+
+
+
+
+      [List of volumes and pages in "Notes and Queries", Vol. I-IV]
+
+      +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+
+      | Notes and Queries Vol. I.                                   |
+      +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+
+      | Vol., No.     | Date, Year        | Pages     | PG # xxxxx  |
+      +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+
+      | Vol. I No.  1 | November  3, 1849 |   1 -  17 | PG #  8603  |
+      | Vol. I No.  2 | November 10, 1849 |  18 -  32 | PG # 11265  |
+      | Vol. I No.  3 | November 17, 1849 |  33 -  46 | PG # 11577  |
+      | Vol. I No.  4 | November 24, 1849 |  49 -  63 | PG # 13513  |
+      +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+
+      | Vol. I No.  5 | December  1, 1849 |  65 -  80 | PG # 11636  |
+      | Vol. I No.  6 | December  8, 1849 |  81 -  95 | PG # 13550  |
+      | Vol. I No.  7 | December 15, 1849 |  97 - 112 | PG # 11651  |
+      | Vol. I No.  8 | December 22, 1849 | 113 - 128 | PG # 11652  |
+      | Vol. I No.  9 | December 29, 1849 | 130 - 144 | PG # 13521  |
+      +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+
+      | Vol. I No. 10 | January   5, 1850 | 145 - 160 | PG #        |
+      | Vol. I No. 11 | January  12, 1850 | 161 - 176 | PG # 11653  |
+      | Vol. I No. 12 | January  19, 1850 | 177 - 192 | PG # 11575  |
+      | Vol. I No. 13 | January  26, 1850 | 193 - 208 | PG # 11707  |
+      +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+
+      | Vol. I No. 14 | February  2, 1850 | 209 - 224 | PG # 13558  |
+      | Vol. I No. 15 | February  9, 1850 | 225 - 238 | PG # 11929  |
+      | Vol. I No. 16 | February 16, 1850 | 241 - 256 | PG # 16193  |
+      | Vol. I No. 17 | February 23, 1850 | 257 - 271 | PG # 12018  |
+      +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+
+      | Vol. I No. 18 | March     2, 1850 | 273 - 288 | PG # 13544  |
+      | Vol. I No. 19 | March     9, 1850 | 289 - 309 | PG # 13638  |
+      | Vol. I No. 20 | March    16, 1850 | 313 - 328 | PG # 16409  |
+      | Vol. I No. 21 | March    23, 1850 | 329 - 343 | PG # 11958  |
+      | Vol. I No. 22 | March    30, 1850 | 345 - 359 | PG # 12198  |
+      +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+
+      | Vol. I No. 23 | April     6, 1850 | 361 - 376 | PG # 12505  |
+      | Vol. I No. 24 | April    13, 1850 | 377 - 392 | PG # 13925  |
+      | Vol. I No. 25 | April    20, 1850 | 393 - 408 | PG # 13747  |
+      | Vol. I No. 26 | April    27, 1850 | 409 - 423 | PG # 13822  |
+      +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+
+      | Vol. I No. 27 | May       4, 1850 | 425 - 447 | PG # 13712  |
+      | Vol. I No. 28 | May      11, 1850 | 449 - 463 | PG # 13684  |
+      | Vol. I No. 29 | May      18, 1850 | 465 - 479 | PG # 15197  |
+      | Vol. I No. 30 | May      25, 1850 | 481 - 495 | PG # 13713  |
+      +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+
+      | Notes and Queries Vol. II.                                  |
+      +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+
+      | Vol., No.      | Date, Year         | Pages   | PG # xxxxx  |
+      +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+
+      | Vol. II No. 31 | June  1, 1850      |   1- 15 | PG # 12589  |
+      | Vol. II No. 32 | June  8, 1850      |  17- 32 | PG # 15996  |
+      | Vol. II No. 33 | June 15, 1850      |  33- 48 | PG # 26121  |
+      | Vol. II No. 34 | June 22, 1850      |  49- 64 | PG # 22127  |
+      | Vol. II No. 35 | June 29, 1850      |  65- 79 | PG # 22126  |
+      +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+
+      | Vol. II No. 36 | July  6, 1850      |  81- 96 | PG # 13361  |
+      | Vol. II No. 37 | July 13, 1850      |  97-112 | PG # 13729  |
+      | Vol. II No. 38 | July 20, 1850      | 113-128 | PG # 13362  |
+      | Vol. II No. 39 | July 27, 1850      | 129-143 | PG # 13736  |
+      +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+
+      | Vol. II No. 40 | August  3, 1850    | 145-159 | PG # 13389  |
+      | Vol. II No. 41 | August 10, 1850    | 161-176 | PG # 13393  |
+      | Vol. II No. 42 | August 17, 1850    | 177-191 | PG # 13411  |
+      | Vol. II No. 43 | August 24, 1850    | 193-207 | PG # 13406  |
+      | Vol. II No. 44 | August 31, 1850    | 209-223 | PG # 13426  |
+      +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+
+      | Vol. II No. 45 | September  7, 1850 | 225-240 | PG # 13427  |
+      | Vol. II No. 46 | September 14, 1850 | 241-256 | PG # 13462  |
+      | Vol. II No. 47 | September 21, 1850 | 257-272 | PG # 13936  |
+      | Vol. II No. 48 | September 28, 1850 | 273-288 | PG # 13463  |
+      +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+
+      | Vol. II No. 49 | October  5, 1850   | 289-304 | PG # 13480  |
+      | Vol. II No. 50 | October 12, 1850   | 305-320 | PG # 13551  |
+      | Vol. II No. 51 | October 19, 1850   | 321-351 | PG # 15232  |
+      | Vol. II No. 52 | October 26, 1850   | 353-367 | PG # 22624  |
+      +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+
+      | Vol. II No. 53 | November  2, 1850  | 369-383 | PG # 13540  |
+      | Vol. II No. 54 | November  9, 1850  | 385-399 | PG # 22138  |
+      | Vol. II No. 55 | November 16, 1850  | 401-415 | PG # 15216  |
+      | Vol. II No. 56 | November 23, 1850  | 417-431 | PG # 15354  |
+      | Vol. II No. 57 | November 30, 1850  | 433-454 | PG # 15405  |
+      +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+
+      | Vol. II No. 58 | December  7, 1850  | 457-470 | PG # 21503  |
+      | Vol. II No. 59 | December 14, 1850  | 473-486 | PG # 15427  |
+      | Vol. II No. 60 | December 21, 1850  | 489-502 | PG # 24803  |
+      | Vol. II No. 61 | December 28, 1850  | 505-524 | PG # 16404  |
+      +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+
+      | Notes and Queries Vol. III.                                 |
+      +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+
+      | Vol., No.       | Date, Year        | Pages   | PG # xxxxx  |
+      +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+
+      | Vol. III No. 62 | January  4, 1851  |   1- 15 | PG # 15638  |
+      | Vol. III No. 63 | January 11, 1851  |  17- 31 | PG # 15639  |
+      | Vol. III No. 64 | January 18, 1851  |  33- 47 | PG # 15640  |
+      | Vol. III No. 65 | January 25, 1851  |  49- 78 | PG # 15641  |
+      +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+
+      | Vol. III No. 66 | February  1, 1851 |  81- 95 | PG # 22339  |
+      | Vol. III No. 67 | February  8, 1851 |  97-111 | PG # 22625  |
+      | Vol. III No. 68 | February 15, 1851 | 113-127 | PG # 22639  |
+      | Vol. III No. 69 | February 22, 1851 | 129-159 | PG # 23027  |
+      +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+
+      | Vol. III No. 70 | March  1, 1851    | 161-174 | PG # 23204  |
+      | Vol. III No. 71 | March  8, 1851    | 177-200 | PG # 23205  |
+      | Vol. III No. 72 | March 15, 1851    | 201-215 | PG # 23212  |
+      | Vol. III No. 73 | March 22, 1851    | 217-231 | PG # 23225  |
+      | Vol. III No. 74 | March 29, 1851    | 233-255 | PG # 23282  |
+      +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+
+      | Vol. III No. 75 | April  5, 1851    | 257-271 | PG # 23402  |
+      | Vol. III No. 76 | April 12, 1851    | 273-294 | PG # 26896  |
+      | Vol. III No. 77 | April 19, 1851    | 297-311 | PG # 26897  |
+      | Vol. III No. 78 | April 26, 1851    | 313-342 | PG # 26898  |
+      +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+
+      | Vol. III No. 79 | May  3, 1851      | 345-359 | PG # 26899  |
+      | Vol. III No. 80 | May 10, 1851      | 361-382 | PG # 32495  |
+      | Vol. III No. 81 | May 17, 1851      | 385-399 | PG # 29318  |
+      | Vol. III No. 82 | May 24, 1851      | 401-415 | PG # 28311  |
+      | Vol. III No. 83 | May 31, 1851      | 417-440 | PG # 36835  |
+      +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+
+      | Vol. III No. 84 | June  7, 1851     | 441-472 | PG # 37379  |
+      | Vol. III No. 85 | June 14, 1851     | 473-488 | PG # 37403  |
+      | Vol. III No. 86 | June 21, 1851     | 489-511 | PG # 37496  |
+      | Vol. III No. 87 | June 28, 1851     | 513-528 | PG # 37516  |
+      +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+
+      | Notes and Queries Vol. IV.                                  |
+      +-----------------+--------------------+---------+------------+
+      | Vol., No.       | Date, Year         | Pages   | PG # xxxxx |
+      +-----------------+--------------------+---------+------------+
+      | Vol. IV No. 88  | July  5, 1851      |   1- 15 | PG # 37548 |
+      | Vol. IV No. 89  | July 12, 1851      |  17- 31 | PG # 37568 |
+      | Vol. IV No. 90  | July 19, 1851      |  33- 47 | PG # 37593 |
+      | Vol. IV No. 91  | July 26, 1851      |  49- 79 | PG # 37778 |
+      +-----------------+--------------------+---------+------------+
+      | Vol. IV No. 92  | August  2, 1851    |  81- 94 | PG # 38324 |
+      | Vol. IV No. 93  | August  9, 1851    |  97-112 | PG # 38337 |
+      | Vol. IV No. 94  | August 16, 1851    | 113-127 | PG # 38350 |
+      | Vol. IV No. 95  | August 23, 1851    | 129-144 | PG # 38386 |
+      | Vol. IV No. 96  | August 30, 1851    | 145-167 | PG # 38405 |
+      +-----------------+--------------------+---------+------------+
+      | Vol. IV No.  97 | Sept.  6, 1851     | 169-183 | PG # 38433 |
+      | Vol. IV No.  98 | Sept. 13, 1851     | 185-200 | PG # 38491 |
+      | Vol. IV No.  99 | Sept. 20, 1851     | 201-216 | PG # 38574 |
+      | Vol. IV No. 100 | Sept. 27, 1851     | 217-246 | PG # 38656 |
+      +-----------------+--------------------+---------+------------+
+      | Vol. IV No. 101 | Oct.  4, 1851      | 249-264 | PG # 38701 |
+      | Vol. IV No. 102 | Oct. 11, 1851      | 265-287 | PG # 38773 |
+      | Vol. IV No. 103 | Oct. 18, 1851      | 289-303 | PG # 38864 |
+      +-----------------+--------------------+---------+------------+
+      | Vol I. Index. [Nov. 1849-May 1850]             | PG # 13536 |
+      | INDEX TO THE SECOND VOLUME. MAY-DEC., 1850     | PG # 13571 |
+      | INDEX TO THE THIRD VOLUME. JAN.-JUNE, 1851     | PG # 26770 |
+      +------------------------------------------------+------------+
+
+
+
+
+
+End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Notes and Queries, Vol. IV, Number
+104, October 25, 1851, by Various
+
+*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES AND QUERIES, OCT 25, 1851 ***
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