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diff --git a/38850.txt b/38850.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..e92c3bd --- /dev/null +++ b/38850.txt @@ -0,0 +1,7536 @@ +The Project Gutenberg EBook of The Rogues and Vagabonds of Shakespeare's +Youth, by John Awdeley and Thomas Harman + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: The Rogues and Vagabonds of Shakespeare's Youth + Awdeley's 'Fraternitye of vacabondes' and Harman's 'Caveat' + +Author: John Awdeley + Thomas Harman + +Editor: Edward Viles + F. J. Furnivall + +Release Date: February 13, 2012 [EBook #38850] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ASCII + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK ROGUES AND VAGABONDS *** + + + + +Produced by Irma Špehar, Eleni Christofaki and the Online +Distributed Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net (This +file was produced from images generously made available +by The Internet Archive/Canadian Libraries) + + + + + + + + + +Transcriber's Notes: + +Variable, archaic or unusual spelling and punctuation have been retained +apart from minor punctuation inconsistencies which have been silently +corrected. An Errata list can be found at the end of the book. Footnotes +were sequentially numbered and placed at the end of each section. The +page headers of the book are presented as [Header] and, where possible, +have been placed so as not to disrupt the reading flow. + +The two texts of Parson Haben's or Hyberdyne's _Sermon in Praise of +Thieves and Thievery_ are printed on opposite pages. Here each text is +shown individually. + +For this text version, text in superscript is placed within {curly +brackets} preceded by a carat character like ^{this}. Diacritical marks +that cannot be represented in plain text are shown in the following +manner: + + [l~l] ll with a tilde through them + [n)] n with a ) attached to the right side + [=u] u with macron + [=n] n with macron + [P] pilcron + [S] section sign + + Mark up: _italics_ + =blackletter typeface (Gothic)= + +bold+ + *smaller font* + + + + + THE SHAKESPEARE LIBRARY. + GENERAL EDITOR PROFESSOR I. GOLLANCZ, LITT.D. + + +[Illustration] + + + + + THE ROGUES AND VAGABONDS OF SHAKESPEARE'S YOUTH: AWDELEY'S + 'FRATERNITYE OF VACABONDES' AND HARMAN'S 'CAVEAT': EDITED WITH AN + INTRODUCTION BY EDWARD VILES AND F. J. FURNIVALL + + +[Illustration] + + + CHATTO AND WINDUS, PUBLISHERS LONDON MCMVII + + + + + R. CLAY & SONS, LIMITED, LONDON AND BUNGAY. + + + + +CONTENTS + + PAGE + + =Preface= i + + AWDELEY'S _Fraternitye_, not plagiarized from, but published 'a fewe + yeares' before, Harman's _Caueat_ i + + HARMAN'S _Caueat_: two states of the 2nd edition. The latter, now called + the 3rd edition, is reprinted here v + + Piraters from Harman: Bynnyman, and G. Dewes vi + + Short account of Thomas Harman vii + + HARRISON'S quotation of Harman, and his account of English Vagabonds, + and the punishments for them xi + + _The Groundworke of Conny-catching_ is a reprint of Harman's _Caueat_, + with an Introduction xiv + + DEKKER'S _Belman of London_: its borrowings from Harman xiv + + S. ROWLANDS'S _Martin Mark-all_ shows up Dekker, and has new Cant words + xvi + + DEKKER'S _Lanthorn and Candle-light_ borrows from Harman: Canting Song + from it xix + + _The Caterpillers of this Nation anatomized_ xxi + + _A Warning for Housebreakers_ xxi + + _Street Robberies consider'd_ xxii + + Parson HABEN'S or HYBERDYNE'S _Sermon in Praise of Thieves and Thievery_ + xxiv + + Shares in the present work xxiv + + 1. =Awdeley's fraternitye of Vacabondes=, _with_ the =.xxv. Orders of + Knaues= (p. 12-16) 1-16 + + 2. =Harman's Caueat or Warrening for Commen Cvrsetors vulgarely called + Vagabones= 17-91 + + 3. =Parson Haben's (or Hyberdyne's) Sermon in Praise of Thieves and + Thievery= 92-95 + + 4. =The Groundwork of Conny-catching=: those parts that are not reprinted + from Harman's _Caueat_ 96-103 + + 5. =Notes= 103-107 + + 6. =Index= 108-116 + + + + +PREFACE. + + +IF the ways and slang of Vagabonds and Beggars interested Martin Luther +enough to make him write a preface to the _Liber Vagatorum_[1] in 1528, +two of the ungodly may be excused for caring, in 1869, for the old +Rogues of their English land, and for putting together three of the +earliest tracts about them. Moreover, these tracts are part of the +illustrative matter that we want round our great book on Elizabethan +England, Harrison's _Description of Britain_, and the chief of them is +quoted by the excellent parson who wrote that book. + +The first of these three tracts, Awdeley's _Fraternitye of Vacabondes_, +has been treated by many hasty bibliographers, who can never have taken +the trouble to read the first three leaves of Harman's book, as later +than, and a mere pilfering from, Harman's _Caueat_. No such accusation, +however, did Harman himself bring against the worthy printer-author +(herein like printer-author Crowley, though he was preacher too,) who +preceded him. In his Epistle dedicatory to the Countes of Shrewsbury, p. +20, below, Harman, after speaking of 'these wyly wanderers,' vagabonds, +says in 1566 or 1567, + + There was _a fewe yeares since_ a small breefe setforth of some + zelous man to his countrey,--of whom I knowe not,--that made a lytle + shewe of there names and vsage, and gaue a glymsinge lyghte, not + sufficient to perswade of their peuishe peltinge and pickinge + practyses, but well worthy of prayse. + +[Header: AWDELEY'S _FRATERNITYE OF VACABONDES_.] + +This description of the 'small breefe,' and the 'lytle shewe' of the +'names and vsage,' exactly suits Awdeley's tract; and the 'fewe yeares +since' also suits the date of what may be safely assumed to be the first +edition of the _Fraternitye_, by John Awdeley or John Sampson, or +Sampson Awdeley,--for by all these names, says Mr Payne Collier, was our +one man known:-- + + It may be disputed whether this printer's name were really Sampson, + or Awdeley: he was made free of the Stationers' Company as Sampson, + and so he is most frequently termed towards the commencement of the + Register; but he certainly wrote and printed his name Awdeley or + Awdelay; now and then it stands in the Register 'Sampson Awdeley.' + It is the more important to settle the point, because ... he was not + only a printer, but a versifier,[2] and ought to have been included + by Ritson in his _Bibliographica Poetica_. (Registers of the + Stationers' Company, A.D. 1848, vol. i. p. 23.) + +These verses of Awdeley's, or Sampson's, no doubt led to his 'small +breefe' being entered in the Stationers' Register as a 'ballett': + + "1560-1. Rd. of John Sampson, for his lycense for pryntinge of a + ballett called the description of vakaboundes ... iiij^{d}. + + "[This entry seems to refer to an early edition of a very curious + work, printed again by Sampson, alias Awdeley, in 1565, when it bore + the following title, 'The fraternitie of vacabondes, as well of + rufling vacabones as of beggerly, [3]as well of women as of men, + [3]and as well of gyrles as of boyes, with their proper names and + qualityes. Also the xxv. orders of knaves, otherwise called a + quartten of knawes. Confirmed this yere by Cocke Lorel.' The edition + without date mentioned by Dibdin (iv. 564) may have been that of the + entry. Another impression by Awdeley, dated 1575 [which we reprint] + is reviewed in the _British Bibliographer_, ii. 12, where it is + asserted (as is very probable, though we are without distinct + evidence of the fact) that the printer was the compiler of the book, + and he certainly introduces it by three six-line stanzas. If this + work came out originally in 1561, according to the entry, there is + no doubt that it was the precursor of a very singular series of + tracts on the same subject, which will be noticed in their proper + places.]"--J. P. Collier, _Registers_, i. 42. + +As above said, I take Harman's 'fewe yeares'--in 1566 or 7--to point to +the 1561 edition of Awdeley, and not the 1565 ed. And as to Awdeley's +authorship,--what can be more express than his own words, p. 2, below, +that what the Vagabond caught at a Session confest as to 'both names and +states of most and least of this their Vacabondes brotherhood,' +_that_,--'at the request of a worshipful man, I ['The Printer,' that is, +John Awdeley] have set it forth as well as I can.' + +But if a doubt on Awdeley's priority to Harman exists in any reader's +mind, let him consider this second reference by Harman to Awdeley (p. +60, below), not noticed by the bibliographers: "For-as-much as these two +names, a Iarkeman and a Patrico, bee in _the old briefe of vacabonds_, +and set forth as two kyndes of euil doers, you shall vnderstande that a +Iarkeman hath his name of a _Iarke, which is a seale in their Language_, +as one should _make writinges and set seales for lycences_ and +pasporte," and then turn to Awdeley's _Fraternitye of Vacabondes_, and +there see, at page 5, below: + + [P] A IACK MAN. + + A Iackeman is he that can write and reade, and sometime speake + latin. He vseth _to make counterfaite licences_ which they call + Gybes, _and sets to Seales, in their language called Iarkes_. (See + also 'A Whipiacke,' p. 4.) + +Let the reader then compare Harman's own description of a _Patrico_, p. +60, with that in 'the old _Briefe of Vacabonds_,' Awdeley, p. 6: + + Awdeley. Harman. + + [P] A PATRIARKE CO. there is a PATRICO ... + + A Patriarke Co doth _make whiche in their language is a + mariages_, & that is _vntill death priest, that should _make + depart_ the maried folke. mariages tyll death dyd depart_. + +And surely no doubt on the point will remain in his mind, though, if +needed, a few more confirmations could be got, as + + Awdeley (p. 4). Harman (p. 44). + + [P] A PALLIARD. [P] A Pallyard. + + A Palliard is he that goeth in These Palliardes ... go with patched + a patched cloke, and hys Doxy clokes, and haue their Morts with + goeth in like apparell. them. + +We may conclude, then, certainly, that Awdeley did not plagiarize +Harman; and probably, that he first published his _Fraternitye_ in 1561. +The tract is a mere sketch, as compared with Harman's _Caueat_, though +in its descriptions (p. 6-11) of 'A Curtesy Man,' 'A Cheatour or +Fingerer,' and 'A Ring-Faller' (one of whom tried his tricks on me in +Gower-street about ten days ago), it gives as full a picture as Harman +does of the general run of his characters. The edition of 1575 being the +only one accessible to us, our trusty Oxford copier, Mr George Parker, +has read the proofs with the copy in the Bodleian. + +Let no one bring a charge of plagiarizing Awdeley, against Harman, for +the latter, as has been shown, referred fairly to Awdeley's '_small +breefe_' or '_old briefe of vacabonds_,' and wrote his own "bolde +Beggars booke" (p. 91) from his own long experience with them. + + * * * * * + +[Header: HARMAN'S _CAUEAT_: THE EARLY EDITIONS.] + +Harman's _Caueat_ is too well-known and widely valued a book to need +description or eulogy here. It is _the_ standard work on its +subject,--'these rowsey, ragged, rabblement of rakehelles' (p. 19)--and +has been largely plundered by divers literary cadgers. No copy of the +first edition seems to be known to bibliographers. It was published in +1566 or 1567,--probably the latter year,[4]--and must (I conclude) have +contained less than the second, as in that's 'Harman to the Reader,' p. +28, below, he says 'well good reader, I meane not to be tedyous vnto +the, but haue added fyue or sixe more tales, because some of them weare +doune whyle my booke was fyrste in the presse.' He speaks again of his +first edition at p. 44, below, 'I had the best geldinge stolen oute of +my pasture, that I had amongst others, whyle this boke was _first a +printynge_;' and also at p. 51, below, 'Apon Alhollenday in the morning +last anno domini 1566, or my booke was halfe printed, I meane _the first +impression_.' All Hallows' or All Saints' Day is November 1. + +[Header: HARMAN'S _CAUEAT_: THE TWO STATES OF THE 2ND EDITION.] + +The edition called the second[5], also bearing date in 1567, is known to +us in two states, the latter of which I have called the third edition. +The first state of the second edition is shown by the Bodleian copy, +which is 'Augmented and inlarged by the fyrst author here of,' and has, +besides smaller differences specified in the footnotes in our pages, +this great difference, that the arrangement of 'The Names of the +Vpright Men, Roges, and Pallyards' is not alphabetical, by the first +letter of the Christian names, as in the second state of the second +edition (which I call the third edition), but higgledy-piggledy, or, at +least, without attention to the succession of initials either of +Christian or Sur-names, thus, though in three columns: + +[P] VPRIGHT MEN. + + Richard Brymmysh. + John Myllar. + Wel arayd Richard. + John Walchman. + Willia_m_ Chamborne. + Bryan Medcalfe. + Robert Gerse. + Gryffen. + Richard Barton. + John Braye. + Thomas Cutter. + Dowzabell skylfull in fence. + [&c.] + +[P] ROGES. + + Harry Walles with the little mouth. + John Waren. + Richard Brewton. + Thomas Paske. + George Belbarby. + Humfrey Warde. + Lytle Robyn. + Lytle Dycke. + Richard Iones. + Lambart Rose. + Harry Mason. + Thomas Smithe with the skal skyn. + [&c.] + +[P] PALLYARDS. + + Nycholas Newton carieth a fayned lycence. + Bashforde. + Robart Lackley. + Wylliam Thomas. + Edward Heyward, hath his Morte following hym Whiche fayneth y^{e} + crank. + Preston. + Robart Canloke. + [&c.] + +This alone settles the priority of the Bodley edition, as no printer, +having an index alphabetical, would go and muddle it all again, even for +a lark. Moreover, the other collations confirm this priority. The +colophon of the Bodley edition is dated A.D. 1567, 'the eight of +January;' and therefore A.D. 1567-8. + +The second state of the second edition--which state I call the third +edition--is shown by the copy which Mr Henry Huth has, with his +never-failing generosity, lent us to copy and print from. It omits 'the +eight of January,' from the colophon, and has 'Anno Domini 1567' only. +Like the 2nd edition (or 2 A), this 3rd edition (or 2 B) has the +statement on p. 87, below: 'Whyle this second Impression was in +printinge, it fortuned that Nycholas Blunte, who called hym selfe +Nycholan Gennyns, a counterefet Cranke, that is spoken of in this booke, +was fonde begging in the whyte fryers on Newe yeares day last past. Anno +domini .1567, and commytted vnto a offescer, who caried hym vnto the +depetye of the ward, which co_m_mytted hym vnto the counter;' and this +brings both the 2nd and 3rd editions (or 2 A and 2 B) to the year 1568, +modern style. The 4th edition, so far as I know, was published in 1573, +and was reprinted by Machell Stace (says Bohn's Lowndes) in 1814. From +that reprint Mr W. M. Wood has made a collation of words, not letters, +for us with the 3rd edition. The chief difference of the 4th edition is +its extension of the story of the 'dyssembling Cranke,' Nycholas +Genings, and 'the Printar of this booke' Wylliam Gryffith (p. 53-6, +below), which extension is given in the footnotes to pages 56 and 57 of +our edition. We were obliged to reprint this from Stace's reprint of +1814, as our searchers could not find a copy of the 4th edition of 1573 +in either the British Museum, the Bodleian, or the Cambridge University +Library. + +Thus much about our present edition. I now hark back to the first, and +the piracies of it or the later editions, mentioned in Mr J. P. +Collier's _Registers of the Stationers' Company_, i. 155-6, 166. + + "1566-7 Rd. of William Greffeth, for his lycense for printinge of a + boke intituled a Caviat for commen Corsetors, vulgarly called + Vagabons, by Thomas Harman ... iiij^{d}. + + "[No edition of Harman's 'Caveat or Warning for common Cursetors,' + of the date of 1566, is known, although it is erroneously mentioned + in the introductory matter to the reprint in 1814, from H. + Middleton's impression of 1573. It was the forerunner of various + later works of the same kind, some of which were plundered from it + without acknowledgment, and attributed to the celebrated Robert + Greene. Copies of two editions in 1567, by Griffith, are extant, + and, in all probability, it was the first time it appeared in print: + Griffith entered it at Stationers' Hall, as above, in 1566, in order + that he might publish it in 1567. Harman's work was preceded by + several ballads relating to vagabonds, the earliest of which is + entered on p. 42 [Awdeley, p. ii. above]. On a subsequent page (166) + is inserted a curious entry regarding 'the boke of Rogges,' or + Rogues.] + + "1566-7. For Takynge of Fynes as foloweth. Rd. of Henry Bynnyman, + for his fyne for undermy[n]dinge and procurynge, as moche as in hym + ded lye, a Copye from wylliam greffeth, called the boke of Rogges + ... iij^{s}. + +[Header: PIRATERS OF HARMAN'S _CAUEAT_.] + + "[This was certainly Harman's 'Caveat or Warning for Common + Cursetors'; and here we see Bynneman fined for endeavouring to + _undermine_ Griffith by procuring the copy of the work, in order + that Bynneman might print and publish it instead of Griffith, his + rival in business. The next item may show that Gerard Dewes had also + printed the book, no doubt without license, but the memorandum was + crossed out in the register.] + + "Also, there doth remayne in the handes of Mr Tottle and Mr Gonneld, + then wardens, the somme of iij^{li}. vij^{s}. viij^{d}., wherto was + Recevyd of garrad dewes for pryntinge of the boke of Rogges in a^o + 1567 ... ij^{li}. vj^{s}. viij^{d}. + + "[All tends to prove the desire of stationers to obtain some share + of the profits of a work, which, as we have already shown, was so + well received, that Griffith published two editions of it in 1567.]" + +The fact is, the book was so interesting that it made its readers +thieves, as 'Jack Sheppard' has done in later days. The very wood-cutter +cheated Harman of the hind legs of the horse on his title, prigged two +of his prauncer's props (p. 42). + +To know the keen inquiring Social Reformer, Thomas Harman, the reader +must go to his book. He lived in the country (p. 34, foot), in +[Crayford] Kent (p. 30, p. 35), near a heath (p. 35), near Lady +Elizabeth Shrewsbury's parish (p. 19), not far from London (p. 30, p. +35); 'he lodged at the White Friars within the cloister' (p. 51), +seemingly while he was having his book printed (p. 53), and had his +servant there with him (_ib._); 'he knew London well' (p. 54, &c.); and +in Kent 'beinge placed as a poore gentleman,' he had in 1567, 'kepte a +house these twenty yeares, where vnto pouerty dayely hath and doth +repayre,' and where, being kept at home 'through sickenes, he talked +dayly with many of these wyly wanderars, as well men and wemmen, as +boyes and gyrles,' whose tricks he has so pleasantly set down for us. He +did not, though, confine his intercourse with vagabonds to talking, for +he says of some, p. 48, + + [P] Some tyme they counterfet the seale of the Admiraltie. I haue + diuers tymes taken a waye from them their lycences, of both sortes, + wyth suche money as they haue gathered, and haue confiscated the + same to the pouerty nigh adioyninge to me. p. 51-6. + +[Header: STATUS AND CHARACTER OF THOMAS HARMAN.] + +Our author also practically exposed these tricks, as witness his hunting +out the Cranke, Nycholas Genings, and his securing the vagabond's 13_s._ +and 4_d._ for the poor of Newington parish, p. 51-6, his making the deaf +and dumb beggar hear and speak, p. 58-9 (and securing his money too for +the poor). But he fed deserving beggars, see p. 66, p. 20. + +Though Harman tells us 'Eloquence haue I none, I neuer was acquaynted +with the Muses, I neuer tasted of Helycon' (p. 27-8), yet he could write +verses--though awfully bad ones: see them at pages 50 and 89-91, below, +perhaps too at p. 26[6];--he knew Latin--see his comment on Cursetors +and Vagabone, p. 27; his _una voce_, p. 43; perhaps his 'Argus eyes,' p. +54; his _omnia venalia Rome_, p. 60; his _homo_, p. 73; he quotes St +Augustine (and the Bible), p. 24; &c.;--he studied the old Statutes of +the Realm (p. 27); he liked proverbs (see the Index); he was once 'in +commission of the peace,' as he says, and judged malefactors, p. 60, +though he evidently was not a Justice when he wrote his book; he was a +'gentleman,' says Harrison (see p. xii. below); 'a Iustice of Peace in +Kent,[7] in Queene Marie's daies,' says Samuel Rowlands;[8] he bore arms +(of heraldry), and had them duly stamped on his pewter dishes (p. 35); +he had at least one old 'tennant who customably a greate tyme went twise +in the weeke to London, (over Blacke Heathe) eyther wyth fruite or with +pescoddes' (p. 30); he hospitably asked his visitors to dinner (p. 45); +he had horses in his pasture,[9] the best gelding of which the Pryggers +of Prauncers prigged (p. 44); he had an unchaste cow that went to bull +every month (p. 67, if his ownership is not chaff here); he had in his +'well-house on the backe side of his house, a great cawdron of copper' +which the beggars stole (p. 34-5); he couldn't keep his linen on his +hedges or in his rooms, or his pigs and poultry from the thieves (p. +21); he hated the 'rascal rabblement' of them (p. 21), and 'the wicked +parsons that keepe typlinge Houses in all shires, where they haue +succour and reliefe'; and, like a wise and practical man, he set himself +to find out and expose all their 'vndecent, dolefull [guileful] dealing, +and execrable exercyses' (p. 21) to the end that they might be stopt, +and sin and wickedness might not so much abound, and thus 'this Famous +Empyre be in more welth, and better florysh, to the inestymable joye and +comfort' of his great Queen, Elizabeth, and the 'vnspeakable ... reliefe +and quietnes of minde, of all her faythfull Commons and Subiectes.' The +right end, and the right way to it. We've some like you still, Thomas +Harman, in our Victorian time. May their number grow! + +[Header: THOMAS HARMAN'S FAMILY AND ESTATES.] + +Thus much about Harman we learn from his book and his literary +contemporaries and successors. If we now turn to the historian of his +county, Hasted, we find further interesting details about our author: 1, +that he lived in Crayford parish, next to Erith, the Countess of +Shrewsbury's parish; 2, that he inherited the estates of Ellam, and +Maystreet, and the manor of Mayton or Maxton; 3, that he was the +grandson of Henry Harman, Clerk of the Crown, who had for his arms +'Argent, a chevron between 3 scalps sable,' which were no doubt those +stampt on our Thomas's pewter dishes; 4, that he had a 'descendant,'--a +son, I presume--who inherited his lands, and three daughters, one of +whom, Bridget, married Henry Binneman--? not the printer, about 1565-85 +A.D., p. vi-vii, above. + +Hasted in his description of the parish of Crayford, speaking of Ellam, +a place in the parish, says:-- + + "In the 16th year of K. Henry VII. John Ellam alienated it (the seat + of Ellam) to Henry Harman, who was then Clerk of the Crown,[10] and + who likewise purchased an estate called Maystreet here, of Cowley + and Bulbeck, of Bulbeck-street in this parish, in the 20th year of + King Edward IV.[11] On his decease, William Harman, his son, + possessed both these estates.[12] On his decease they descended to + Thomas Harman, esq., his son; who, among others, procured his lands + to be disgavelled, by the act of the 2 & 3 Edw. VI.[13] He married + Millicent, one of the daughters of Nicholas Leigh, of Addington, in + the county of Surry, esq.[14] His descendant, William Harman, sold + both these places in the reign of K. James I. to Robert Draper, + esqr."--_History of Kent_, vol. i. p. 209. + + The manor of Maxton, in the parish of Hougham "passed to Hobday, and + thence to Harman, of Crayford; from which name it was sold by Thomas + Harman to Sir James Hales.... William Harman held the manor of + Mayton, alias Maxton, with its appurtenances, of the Lord Cheney, as + of his manor of Chilham, by Knight's service. Thomas Harman was his + son and heir: Rot. Esch. 2 Edw. VI."--Hasted's _History of Kent_, + vi. p. 47. + + "It is laid down as a rule, that nothing but an act of parliament + can change the nature of gavelkind lands; and this has occasioned + several [acts], for the purpose of disgavelling the possessions of + divers gentlemen in this county.... One out of several statutes made + for this purpose is the 3rd of Edw. VI."--Hasted's _History of + Kent_, vol. i. p. cxliii. + +And in the list of names given,--taken from Robinson's +_Gavelkind_--twelfth from the bottom stands that of THOMAS HARMAN. + + Of Thomas Harman's aunt, Mary, Mrs William Lovelace, we find: "John + Lovelace, esq., and William Lovelace, his brother, possessed this + manor and seat (Bayford-Castle) between them; the latter of whom + resided at Bayford, where he died in the 2nd year of K. Edward VI., + leaving issue by Mary his wife, daughter of William Harman, of + Crayford, seven sons...."--Hasted's _History of Kent_, vol. ii. p. + 612. + +The rectory of the parish of Deal was bestowed by the Archbishop on +Roger Harman in 1544 (_Hasted_, vol. iv. p. 171). + +Harman-street is the name of a farm in the parish of Ash (_Hasted_, vol. +iii. p. 691). + +[Header: HARRISON ON ENGLISH VAGABONDS IN 1577-86 A.D.] + +The excellent parson, William Harrison, in his 'Description of +England,' prefixed to Holinshed's Chronicles (edit. 1586), quotes Harman +fairly enough in his chapter "Of prouision made for the poore," Book II, +chap. 10.[15] And as he gives a statement of the sharp punishment +enacted for idle rogues and vagabonds by the Statutes of Elizabeth, I +take a long extract from his said chapter. After speaking of those who +are made 'beggers through other mens occasion,' and denouncing the +grasping landlords 'who make them so, and wipe manie out of their +occupiengs,' Harrison goes on to those who are beggars 'through their +owne default' (p. 183, last line of col. 1, ed. 1586): + + "Such as are idle beggers through their owne default are of two + sorts, and continue their estates either by casuall or meere + voluntarie meanes: those that are such by casuall means [16]are in + the beginning[16] iustlie to be referred either to the first or + second sort of poore [16]afore mentioned[16]; but, degenerating into + the thriftlesse sort, they doo what they can to continue their + miserie; and, with such impediments as they haue, to straie and + wander about, as creatures abhorring all labour and euerie honest + excercise. Certes, I call these casuall meanes, not in respect of + the originall of their pouertie, but of the continuance of the same, + from whence they will not be deliuered, such[17] is their owne + vngratious lewdnesse and froward disposition. The voluntarie meanes + proceed from outward causes, as by making of corosiues, and applieng + the same to the more fleshie parts of their bodies; and also laieng + of ratsbane, sperewort, crowfoot, and such like vnto their whole + members, thereby to raise pitifull[18] and odious sores, and mooue + [16]the harts of[16] the goers by such places where they lie, to + [19]yerne at[19] their miserie, and therevpon[16] bestow large + almesse vpon them.[20] How artificiallie they beg, what forcible + speech, and how they select and choose out words of vehemencie, + whereby they doo in maner coniure or adiure the goer by to pitie + their cases, I passe ouer to remember, as iudging the name of God + and Christ to be more conuersant in the mouths of none, and yet the + presence of the heuenlie maiestie further off from no men than from + this vngratious companie. Which maketh me to thinke, that punishment + is farre meeter for them than liberalitie or almesse, and sith + Christ willeth vs cheeflie to haue a regard to himselfe and his + poore members. + + "Vnto this nest is another sort to be referred, more sturdie than + the rest, which, hauing sound and perfect lims, doo yet, + notwithstanding sometime counterfeit the possession of all sorts of + diseases. Diuerse times in their apparell also[21] they will be like + seruing men or laborers: oftentimes they can plaie the mariners, and + seeke for ships which they neuer lost.[22] But, in fine, they are + all theeues and caterpillers in the commonwealth, and, by the word + of God not permitted to eat, sith they doo but licke the sweat from + the true laborers' browes, _and_ beereue the godlie poore of that + which is due vnto them, to mainteine their excesse, consuming the + charitie of well-disposed people bestowed vpon them, after a most + wicked[23] _and_ detestable maner. + + "It is not yet full threescore[24] yeares since this trade began: but + how it hath prospered since that time, it is easie to iudge; for they + are now supposed, of one sex and another, to amount vnto aboue 10,000 + persons, as I haue heard reported. Moreouer, in counterfeiting the + Egyptian roges, they haue deuised a language among themselues, which + they name _Canting_ (but other pedlers French)--a speach compact + thirtie yeares since of English, and a great number of od words of + their owne deuising, without all order or reason: and yet such is it + as none but themselues are able to vnderstand. The first deuiser + thereof was hanged by the necke,--a iust reward, no doubt, for his + deserts, and a common end to all of that profession. [Sidenote: + Thomas Harman.] A gentleman, also, of late hath taken great paines + to search out the secret practises of this vngratious rabble. And + among other things he setteth downe and describeth [25]three _and_ + twentie[25] sorts of them, whose names it shall not be amisse to + remember, wherby ech one may [26]take occasion to read and know as + also by his industrie[26] what wicked people they are, and what + villanie remaineth in them. + + "The seuerall disorders and degrees amongst our idle vagabonds:-- + + 1. Rufflers. + 2. Vprightmen. + 3. Hookers or Anglers. + 4. Roges. + 5. Wild Roges. + 6. Priggers of Prancers. + 7. Palliards. + 8. Fraters. + 9. Abrams. + 10. Freshwater mariners, or Whipiacks. + 11. Dummerers. + 12. Drunken tinkers. + 13. Swadders, or Pedlers. + 14. Iarkemen, or Patricoes. + + Of Women kinde-- + + 1. Demanders for glimmar, or fire. + 2. Baudie Baskets + 3. Mortes. + 4. Autem mortes. + 5. Walking mortes. + 6. Doxes. + 7. Delles. + 8. Kinching Mortes. + 9. Kinching cooes.[27] + + "The punishment that is ordeined for this kind of people is verie + sharpe, and yet it can not restreine them from their gadding: + wherefore the end must needs be martiall law, to be exercised vpon + them as vpon theeues, robbers, despisers of all lawes, and enimies + to the commonwealth _and_ welfare of the land. What notable + roberies, pilferies, murders, rapes, and stealings of yoong[28] + children, [29]burning, breaking and disfiguring their lims to make + them pitifull in the sight of the people,[29] I need not to + rehearse; but for their idle roging about the countrie, the law + ordeineth this maner of correction. The roge being apprehended, + committed to prison, and tried in the next assises (whether they be + of gaole deliuerie or sessions of the peace) if he happen to be + conuicted for a vagabond either by inquest of office, or the + testimonie of two honest and credible witnesses vpon their oths, he + is then immediatlie adiudged to be greeuouslie whipped and burned + through the gristle of the right eare, with an hot iron of the + compasse of an inch about, as a manifestation of his wicked life, + and due punishment receiued for the same. And this iudgement is to + be executed vpon him, except some honest person woorth fiue pounds + in the queene's books in goods, or twentie shillings in lands, or + some rich housholder to be allowed by the iustices, will be bound in + recognisance to reteine him in his seruice for one whole yeare. If + he be taken the second time, and proued to haue forsaken his said + seruice, he shall then be whipped againe, bored likewise through the + other eare and set to seruice: from whence if he depart before a + yeare be expired, and happen afterward to be attached againe, he is + condemned to suffer paines of death as a fellon (except before + excepted) without benefit of clergie or sanctuarie, as by the + statute dooth appeare. Among roges and idle persons finallie, we + find to be comprised all proctors that go vp and downe with + counterfeit licences, coosiners, and such as gad about the countrie, + vsing vnlawfull games, practisers of physiognomie, and palmestrie, + tellers of fortunes, fensers, plaiers,[30] minstrels, iugglers, + pedlers, tinkers, pretensed[31] schollers, shipmen, prisoners + gathering for fees, and others, so oft as they be taken without + sufficient licence. From [32]among which companie our bearewards are + not excepted, and iust cause: for I haue read that they haue either + voluntarilie, or for want of power to master their sauage beasts, + beene occasion of the death and deuoration of manie children in + sundrie countries by which they haue passed, whose parents neuer + knew what was become of them. And for that cause there is _and_ haue + beene manie sharpe lawes made for bearwards in Germanie, wherof you + may read in other. But to our roges.[32] Each one also that + harboreth or aideth them with meat or monie, is taxed and compelled + to fine with the queene's maiestie for euerie time that he dooth so + succour them, as it shall please the iustices of peace to assigne, + so that the taxation exceed not twentie shillings, as I haue beene + informed. And thus much of the poore, _and_ such prouision as is + appointed for them within the realme of England." + +[Header: _THE GROUNDWORKE OF CONNY-CATCHING_, 1592.] + +Among the users of Harman's book, the chief and coolest was the author +of _The groundworke of Conny-catching_, 1592, who wrote a few +introductory pages, and then quietly reprinted almost all Harman's book +with an 'I leaue you now vnto those which by Maister Harman are +discouered' (p. 103, below). By this time Harman was no doubt dead.--Who +will search for his Will in the Wills Office?--Though Samuel Rowlands +was alive, he did not show up this early appropriator of Harman's work +as he did a later one. As a kind of Supplement to the _Caueat_, I have +added, as the 4th tract in the present volume, such parts of the +_Groundworke of Conny-catching_ as are not reprinted from Harman. The +_Groundworke_ has been attributed to Robert Greene, but on no evidence +(I believe) except Greene's having written a book in three Parts on +Conny-catching, 1591-2, and 'A Disputation betweene a Hee Conny-catcher +and a Shee Conny-catcher, whether a Theafe or a Whore is most hvrtfull +in Cousonage to the Common-wealth,' 1592.[33] Hearne's copy of the +_Groundworke_ is bound up in the 2nd vol. of Greene's Works, among +George III.'s books in the British Museum, as if it really was Greene's. + +Another pilferer from Harman was Thomas Dekker, in his _Belman of +London_, 1608, of which three editions were published in the same year +(_Hazlitt_). But Samuel Rowlands found him out and showed him up. From +the fifth edition of the Belman, the earliest that our copier, Mr W. M. +Wood, could find in the British Museum, he has drawn up the following +account of the book: + + _The Belman of London. Bringing to Light the most notorious + Villanies that are now practised in the Kingdome. Profitable for + Gentlemen, Lawyers, Merchants, Citizens, Farmers, Masters of + Housholds, and all sorts of Servants to mark, and delightfull + for all Men to Reade._ + + Lege, Perlege, Relege. + + _The fift Impression, with new additions. Printed at London by Miles + Flesher._ 1640. + +[Header: THOMAS DEKKER'S _BELMAN OF LONDON_, 1608.] + +On the back of the title-page, after the table of contents, the eleven +following 'secret villanies' are described, severally, as + + "Cheating Law. + Vincent's Law. + Curbing Law. + Lifting Law. + Sacking Law. + Bernard's Lawe. + The black Art. + Prigging Law. + High Law. + Frigging Law. + Five Iumpes at Leape-frog." + +After a short description of the four ages of the world, there is an +account of a feast, at which were present all kinds of vagabonds. Dekker +was conveyed, by 'an old nimble-tong'd beldam, who seemed to haue the +command of the place,' to an upper loft, 'where, vnseene, I might, +through a wooden Latice that had prospect of the dining roome, both see +and heare all that was to be done or spoken.' + + 'The whole assembly being thus gathered together, one, amongest the + rest, who tooke vpon him a Seniority ouer the rest, charged euery + man to answer to his name, to see if the Iury were full:--the Bill + by which hee meant to call them beeing a double Iug of ale (that had + the spirit of _Aquavitae_ in it, it smelt so strong), and that hee + held in his hand. Another, standing by, with a toast, nutmeg, and + ginger, ready to cry _Vous avez_ as they were cald, and all that + were in the roome hauing single pots by the eares, which, like + Pistols, were charged to goe off so soone as euer they heard their + names. This Ceremony beeing set abroach, an Oyes was made. But he + that was Rector Chory (the Captain of the Tatterdemalions) spying + one to march vnder his Colours, that had neuer before serued in + those lowsie warres, paused awhile (after hee had taken his first + draught, to tast the dexterity of the liquor), and then began, + Iustice-like, to examine this yonger brother vpon interrogatories.' + +This yonger brother is afterwards 'stalled to the rogue;' and the +'Rector Chory[34]' instructs him in his duties, and tells him the names +and degrees of the fraternity of vagabonds. Then comes the feast, after +which, 'one who tooke vpon him to be speaker to the whole house,' began, +as was the custom of their meeting, 'to make an oration in praise of +Beggery, and of those that professe the trade,' which done, all the +company departed, leaving the 'old beldam' and Dekker the only occupants +of the room. + + 'The spirit of her owne mault walkt in her brain-pan, so that, what + with the sweetnes of gaines which shee had gotten by her Marchant + Venturers, and what with the fumes of drinke, which set her tongue + in going, I found her apt for talke; and, taking hold of this + opportunity, after some intreaty to discouer to mee what these + vpright men, rufflers and the rest were, with their seuerall + qualities and manners of life, Thus shee began.' + +[Header: SAMUEL ROWLANDS'S _MARTIN MARK-ALL_.] + +And what she tells Dekker is taken, all of it, from Harman's book. + +Afterwards come accounts of the five 'Laws' and five jumps at leap-frog +mentioned on the back of the title-page, and which is quoted above, p. +xv. + +Lastly 'A short Discourse of Canting,' which is, entirely, taken from +Harman, pages 84-87, below. + +As I have said before, Dekker was shown up for his pilferings from +Harman by Samuel Rowlands, who must, says Mr Collier in his +Bibliographical Catalogue, have published his _Martin Mark-all, Beadle +of Bridewell_, in or before 1609,--though no edition is known to us +before 1610,--because Dekker in an address 'To my owne Nation' in his +_Lanthorne and Candle-light_, which was published in 1609, refers to +Rowlands as a 'Beadle of Bridewell.' 'You shall know him,' (says Dekker, +speaking of a rival author, [that is, Samuel Rowlands] whom he calls 'a +Usurper') 'by his Habiliments, for (by the furniture he weares) hee will +bee taken for a _Beadle of Bridewell_.' That this 'Usurper' was +Rowlands, we know by the latter's saying in _Martin Mark-all_, leaf E, i +back, 'although he (the Bel-man, that is, Dekker) is bold to call me an +_usurper_; for so he doth in his last round.' + +Well, from this treatise of Rowlands', Mr Wood has made the following +extracts relating to Dekker and Harman, together with Rowlands's own +list of slang words not in Dekker or Harman, and 'the errour in his +[Dekker's] words, and true englishing of the same:' + + _Martin Mark-all, Beadle of Bridewell; his defence and Answere to + the Belman of London, Discouering the long-concealed Originall + and Regiment of Rogues, when they first began to take head, and + how they haue succeeded one the other successiuely vnto the sixe + and twentieth yeare of King Henry the eight, gathered out of the + Chronicle of Crackeropes, and (as they terme it) the Legend of + Lossels. By S[amuel] R[owlands]._ + + Orderunt peccare boni virtutis amore, + Orderunt peccare mali formidine poenae. + + London + _Printed for Iohn Budge and Richard Bonian._ 1610. + + 'Martin Mark-all, his Apologie to the Bel-man of London. There hath + been of late dayes great paines taken on the part of the good old + Bel-man of London, in discouering, as hee thinks, a new-found Nation + and People. Let it be so for this time: hereupon much adoe was made + in setting forth their lines, order of lining, method of speech, and + vsuall meetings, with diuers other things thereunto appertaining. + These volumes and papers, now spread euerie where, so that euerie + Iacke-boy now can say as well as the proudest of that fraternitie, + "will you wapp for a wyn, or tranie for a make?" The gentle Company + of Cursitours began now to stirre, and looke about them; and hauing + gathered together a Conuocation of Canting Caterpillars, as wel in + the North parts at the Diuels arse apeake,[35] as in the South, they + diligently enquired, and straight search was made, whether any had + reuolted from that faithles fellowship. Herupon euery one gaue his + verdict: some supposed that it might be some one that, hauing + ventured to farre beyond wit and good taking heede, was fallen into + the hands of the Magistrate, and carried to the trayning Cheates, + where, in shew of a penitent heart, and remoarse of his good time + ill spent, turned the cocke, and let out all: others thought it + might be some spic-knaue that, hauing little to doe, tooke vpon him + the habite and forme of an Hermite; and so, by dayly commercing and + discoursing, learned in time the mysterie and knowlege of this + ignoble profession: and others, because it smelt of a study, deemed + it to be some of their owne companie, that had been at some + free-schoole, and belike, because hee would be handsome against a + good time, tooke pen and inke, and wrote of that subiect; thus, _Tot + homines, tot sententiae_, so many men, so many mindes. And all + because the spightfull Poet would not set too his name. At last vp + starts an old Cacodemicall Academicke with his frize bonnet, and + giues them al to know, that this invectiue was set foorth, made, and + printed Fortie yeeres agoe. And being then called, 'A caueat for + Cursitors,' is now newly printed, and termed, 'The Bel-man of + London,' made at first by one Master Harman, a Iustice of Peace in + Kent, in Queene Marie's daies,--he being then about ten yeeres of + age.' Sign. A. 2. + + 'They (the vagabonds) haue a language among themselues, composed of + _omnium gatherum_; a glimering whereof, one of late daies hath + endeuoured to manifest, as farre as his Authour is pleased to be an + intelligencer. The substance whereof he leaueth for those that will + dilate thereof; enough for him to haue the praise, other the paines, + notwithstanding _Harman's_ ghost continually clogging his conscience + with _Sic Vos non Vobis_.'--Sign. C. 3 back.[36] + + 'Because the Bel-man entreateth any that is more rich in canting, to + lend him better or more with variety, he will repay his loue double, + I haue thought good, not only to shew his errour in some places in + setting downe olde wordes vsed fortie yeeres agoe, before he was + borne, for wordes that are vsed in these dayes (although he is bold + to call me an vsurper (for so he doth in his last round), and not + able to maintayne the title, but haue enlarged his Dictionary (or + _Master Harmon's_) with such wordes as I thinke hee neuer heard of + (and yet in vse too); but not out of vaine glorie, as his ambition + is, but, indeede, as an experienced souldier that hath deerely paid + for it: and therefore it shall be honour good enough for him (if not + too good) to come vp with the Reare (I doe but shoote your owne + arrow back againe), and not to haue the leading of the Van as he + meanes to doe, although small credite in the end will redound to + eyther. You shall know the wordes not set in eyther his Dictionaries + by this marke [S]: and for shewing the errour in his words, and true + englishing of the same and other, this marke [P] shall serue + + [S] Abram, madde. + + [S] He maunds Abram, he begs as a madde man. + + [P] Bung, is now vsed for a pocket, heretofore for a purse. + + [S] Budge a beake, runne away. + + [S] A Bite, secreta mulierum. + + [S] Crackmans, the hedge. + + [S] To Castell, to see or looke. + + [S] A Roome Cuttle, a sword. + + [S] A Cuttle bung, a knife to cut a purse. + + [S] Chepemans, Cheape-side market. + + [P] Chates, the Gallowes: here he mistakes both the simple word, + because he so found it printed, not knowing the true originall + thereof, and also in the compound; as for _Chates_, it should be + _Cheates_, which word is vsed generally for things, as _Tip me + that Cheate_, Giue me that thing: so that if you will make a + word for the Gallous, you must put thereto this word _treyning_, + which signifies hanging; and so _treyning cheate_ is as much to + say, hanging things, or the Gallous, and not _Chates_. + +[Header: _MARTIN MARK-ALL. LANTHORNE AND CANDLE-LIGHT._] + + [S] A fflicke, a Theefe. + + [S] Famblers, a paire of Gloues. + + [S] Greenemans, the fields. + + [S] Gilkes for the gigger, false keyes for the doore or picklockes. + + [S] Gracemans, Gratious streete market. + + [S] Iockam, a man's yard. + + [S] Ian, a purse. + + [S] Iere, a turd. + + [S] Lugges, eares. + + [S] Loges, a passe or warrant. + + [S] A Feager of Loges, one that beggeth with false passes or + counterfeit writings. + + [S] Numans, Newgate Market. + + [P] Nigling, company keeping with a woman: this word is not vsed now, + but _wapping_, and thereof comes the name _wapping morts_, + whoores. + + [S] To plant, to hide. + + [P] Smellar, a garden; not smelling cheate, for that's a Nosegay. + + [S] Spreader, butter. + + [S] Whittington, Newgate. + + "And thus haue I runne ouer the Canter's Dictionary; to speake more + at large would aske more time then I haue allotted me; yet in this + short time that I haue, I meane to sing song for song with the + Belman, ere I wholly leaue him." [Here follow three Canting Songs.] + Sign. E 1, back--E 4. + + "And thus hath the Belman, through his pitifull ambition, caused me + to write that I would not: And whereas he disclaims the name of + Brotherhood, I here vtterly renounce him & his fellowship, as not + desirous to be rosolued of anything he professeth on this subiect, + knowing my selfe to be as fully instructed herein as euer he + was."--Sign. F. + +In the second Part of his _Belman of London_, namely, his _Lanthorne and +Candle-light_, 1609, Dekker printed a Dictionary of Canting, which is +only a reprint of Harman's (p. 82-4, below). A few extracts from this +_Lanthorne_ are subjoined: + + _Canting._ + + "This word _canting_ seemes to bee deriued from the latine _verbe + canto_, which signifies in English, to sing, or to make a sound with + words,--that is to say, to speake. And very aptly may _canting_ take + his deriuatio_n_, _a cantando_, from singing, because, amongst these + beggerly consorts that can play vpon no better instruments, the + language of _canting_ is a kind of musicke; and he that in such + assemblies can _cant_ best, is counted the best + Musitian."--_Dekker's Lanthorne and Candle-light_, B. 4. back. + +[Header: DEKKER'S _LANTHORNE AND CANDLE-LIGHT_.] + +_Specimen of "Canting rithmes."_ + + "Enough--with bowsy Coue maund Nace, + Tour the Patring Coue in the Darkeman Case, + Docked the Dell, for a Coper meke + His wach shall feng a Prounces Nab-chete, + Cyarum, by Salmon, and thou shalt pek my Iere + In thy Gan, for my watch it is nace gere, + For the bene bowse my watch hath a win, &c." + + _Dekker's Lanthorne_, &c., C. 1. back. + +A specimen of "Canting prose," with translation, is given on the same +page. + +Dekker's dictionary of Canting, given in _Lanthorne and Candle-light_, +is the same as that of Harman. + + "A Canting Song. + + The Ruffin cly the nab of the Harman beck, + If we mawn'd Pannam, lap or Ruff-peck, + Or poplars of yarum: he cuts, bing to the Ruffmans, + Or els he sweares by the light-mans, + To put our stamps in the Harmans, + The ruffian cly the ghost of the Harman beck + If we heaue a booth we cly the Ierke. + If we niggle, or mill a bowsing Ken + Or nip a boung that has but a win + Or dup the giger of a Gentry cofe's ken, + To the quier cuffing we bing, + And then to the quier Ken, to scowre the Cramp ring, + And then to the Trin'de on the chates, in the lightmans + The Bube _and_ Ruffian cly the Harman beck _and_ harmans. + + Thus Englished. + + The Diuell take the Constable's head, + If we beg Bacon, Butter-milke, or bread, + Or Pottage, to the hedge he bids vs hie + Or sweares (by this light) i' th' stocks we shall lie. + The Deuill haunt the Constable's ghoast + If we rob but a Booth, we are whip'd at a poast. + If an ale-house we rob, or be tane with a whore, + Or cut a purse that has inst a penny, and no more, + Or come but stealing in at a Gentleman's dore + To the Iustice straight we goe, + And then to the Iayle to be shakled: And so + To be hang'd on the gallowes i' th' day time: the pox + And the Deuill take the Constable and his stocks." + + _Ibid._ C. 3. back. + +[Header: _CATTERPILLERS ANATOMIZED. WARNING FOR HOUSEKEEPERS._] + +Richard Head (says Mr Hotten), in his _English Rogue, described in the +Life of Meriton Latroon, a Witty Extravagant_, 4 vols. 12mo., 1671-80, +gave "a glossary of Cant words 'used by the Gipsies'; but it was only a +reprint of what Decker had given sixty years before," and therefore +merely taken from Harman too. 'The Bibliography of Slang, Cant, and +Vulgar Language' has been given so fully at the end of Mr Hotten's Slang +Dictionary, that I excuse myself from pursuing the subject farther. I +only add here Mr Wood's extracts from four of the treatises on this +subject not noticed by Mr Hotten in the 1864 edition of his Dictionary, +but contained (with others) in a most curious volume in the British +Museum, labelled _Practice of Robbers_,--Press Mark 518. h. 2.,--as also +some of the slang words in these little books not given by Harman[37]: + + 1. _The Catterpillers of this Nation anatomized, in a brief yet + notable Discovery of House-breakers, Pick-pockets, &c. Together with + the Life of a penitent High-way-man, discovering the Mystery of that + Infernal Society. To which is added, the Manner of Hectoring and + trapanning, as it is acted in and about the City of London. London, + Printed for M. H. at the Princes Armes, in Chancery-lane._ 1659. + + Ken = miller, house-breaker. + Iowre, or mint = wealth or money. + Gigers jacked = locked doors. + Tilers, or Cloyers, equivalent to shoplifters. + Joseph, a cloak. + Bung-nibber, or Cutpurse = a pickpocket. + + * * * * * + + 2. _A Warning for Housekeepers; or, A discovery of all sorts of + thieves and Robbers which go under theee titles, viz.--The Gilter, + the Mill, the Glasier, Budg and Snudg, File-lifter, Tongue-padder, + The private Theif. With Directions how to prevent them, Also an + exact description of every one of their Practices. Written by one + who was a Prisoner in Newgate. Printed for T. Newton_, 1676. + + Glasiers, thieves who enter houses, thro' windows, first remouing a + pane of glass (p. 4). + +[Header: _WARNING FOR HOUSEKEEPERS. STREET ROBBERIES._] + +The following is a Budg and Snudg song:-- + + "The Budge it is a delicate trade, + And a delicate trade of fame; + For when that we have bit the bloe, + We carry away the game: + But if the cully nap us, + And the lurres from us take, + O then they rub us to the whitt, + And it is hardly worth a make. + But when that we come to the whitt + Our Darbies to behold, + And for to take our penitency, + And boose the water cold. + But when that we come out agen, + As we walk along the street, + We bite the Culley of his cole, + But we are rubbed unto the whitt. + And when that we come to the whitt, + For garnish they do cry, + Mary, faugh, you son of a wh---- + Ye shall have it by and by. + But when that we come to Tyburn, + For going upon the budge, + There stands Jack Catch, that son of a w---- + That owes us all a grudge + And when that he hath noosed us + And our friends tips him no cole + O then he throws us in the cart + And tumbles us into the hole."--(pp. 5, 6.) + +On the last page of this short tract (which consists of eight pages) we +are promised: + + "In the next Part you shall have a fuller description." + + * * * * * + +[Header: _STREET ROBBERIES CONSIDER'D._] + + 3. _Street Robberies consider'd; The reason of their being so + frequent, with probable means to prevent 'em: To which is added + three short Treatises--1. A Warning for Travellers; 2. Observations + on House-breakers; 3. A Caveat for Shopkeepers. London, J. Roberts._ + [no date] _Written by a converted Thief._ + +_Shepherd_ is mentioned in this book as being a clever prison breaker +(p. 6). There is a long list of slang words in this tract. The following +are only a few of them: + + Abram, Naked + Betty, a Picklock + Bubble-Buff, Bailiff + Bube, Pox + Chive, a Knife + Clapper dudgeon, a beggar born + Collar the Cole, Lay hold on the money + Cull, a silly fellow + Dads, an old man + Darbies, Iron + Diddle, Geneva + Earnest, share + Elf, little + Fencer, receiver of stolen goods + Fib, to beat + Fog, smoke + Gage, Exciseman + Gilt, a Picklock + Grub, Provender + Hic, booby + Hog, a shilling + Hum, strong + Jem, Ring + Jet, Lawyer + Kick, Sixpence + Kin, a thief + Kit, Dancing-master + Lap, Spoon-meat + Latch, let in + Leake, Welshman + Leap, all safe + Mauks, a whore + Mill, to beat + Mish, a smock + Mundungus, sad stuff + Nan, a maid of the house + Nap, an arrest + Nimming, stealing + Oss Chives, Bone-handled knives + Otter, a sailor + Peter, Portmantua + Plant the Whids, take care what you say + Popps, Pistols + Rubbs, hard shifts + Rumbo Ken, Pawn-brokers + Rum Mort, fine Woman + Smable, taken + Smeer, a painter + Snafflers, Highwaymen + Snic, to cut + Tattle, watch + Tic, trust + Tip, give + Tit, a horse + Tom Pat, a parson + Tout, take heed + Tripe, the belly + Web, cloth + Wobble, 'o boil + Yam, to eat + Yelp, a crier + Yest, a day ago + Zad, crooked + Znees, Frost + Zouch, an ungenteel man + &c., a Bookseller + + "The King of the Night, as the Constables please to term themselves, + should be a little more active in their employment; but all their + business is to get to a watch house and guzzle, till their time of + going home comes." (p. 60.) + + "A small bell to Window Shutters would be of admirable use to + prevent Housebreakers." (p. 70.) + + * * * * * + + 4. _A true discovery of the Conduct of Receivers and Thief-Takers, + in and about the City of London, &c., &c. London_, 1718. + +This pamphlet is "design'd as preparatory to a larger Treatise, wherein +shall be propos'd Methods to extirpate and suppress for the future such +villanous Practices." It is by "Charles Hitchin, one of the Marshals of +the City of London." + +I now take leave of Harman, with a warm commendation of him to the +reader. + +[Header: PARSON HABEN'S _SERMON ON THIEVES_.] + +The third piece in the present volume is a larky Sermon in praise of +Thieves and Thievery, the title of which (p. 93, below) happened to +catch my eye when I was turning over the Cotton Catalogue, and which was +printed here, as well from its suiting the subject, as from a pleasant +recollection of a gallop some 30 years ago in a four-horse coach across +Harford-Bridge-Flat, where Parson Haben (or Hyberdyne), who is said to +have preached the Sermon, was no doubt robbed. My respected friend +Goody-goody declares the sermon to be 'dreadfully irreverent;' but one +needn't mind him. An earlier copy than the Cotton one turned up among +the Lansdowne MSS, and as it differed a good deal from the Cotton text, +it has been printed opposite to that. + +Of the fourth piece in this little volume, _The Groundworke of +Conny-catching_, less its reprint from Harman, I have spoken above, at +p. xiv. There was no good in printing the whole of it, as we should then +have had Harman twice over. + + * * * * * + +The growth of the present Text was on this wise: Mr Viles suggested a +reprint of Stace's reprint of Harman in 1573, after it had been read +with the original, and collated with the earlier editions. The first +edition I could not find, but ascertained, with some trouble, and +through Mr W. C. Hazlitt, where the second and third editions were, and +borrowed the 3rd of its ever-generous owner, Mr Henry Huth. Then Mr +Hazlitt told me of Awdeley, which he thought was borrowed from Harman. +However, Harman's own words soon settled that point; and Awdeley had to +precede Harman. Then the real bagger from Harman, the _Groundworke_, had +to be added, after the Parson's Sermon. Mr Viles read the proofs and +revises of Harman with the original: Mr Wood and I have made the Index; +and I, because Mr Viles is more desperately busy than myself, have +written the Preface. + +[Header: MR PAYNE COLLIER'S WORK AND ALTERATIONS.] + +The extracts from Mr J. P. Collier must be taken for what they are +worth. I have not had time to verify them; but assume them to be +correct, and not ingeniously or unreasonably altered from their +originals, like Mr Collier's print of Henslowe's Memorial, of which Dr +Ingleby complains,[38] and like his notorious Alleyn letter. If some one +only would follow Mr Collier through all his work--pending his hoped-for +Retractations,--and assure us that the two pieces above-named, and the +Perkins Folio, are the only things we need reject, such some-one would +render a great service to all literary antiquarians, and enable them to +do justice to the wonderful diligence, knowledge, and acumen, of the +veteran pioneer in their path. Certainly, in most of the small finds +which we workers at this Text thought we had made, we afterwards found +we had been anticipated by Mr Collier's _Registers of the Stationers' +Company_, or _Bibliographical Catalogue_, and that the facts were there +rightly stated. [Header: PRINT THE STATIONERS' REGISTERS.] That there +is pure metal in Mr Collier's work, and a good deal of it, few will +doubt; but the dross needs refining out. I hope that the first step in +the process may be the printing of the whole of the Stationers' +Registers from their start to 1700 at least, by the Camden +Society,--within whose range this work well lies,--or by the new +Harleian or some other Society. It ought not to be left to the 'Early +English Text' to do some 20 years hence. + + F. J. FURNIVALL. + + _29 Nov., 1869._ + + P.S. For a curious Ballad describing beggars' tricks in the 17th + century, say about 1650, see the Roxburghe Collection, i. 42-3, and + the Ballad Society's reprint, now in the press for 1869, i. 137-41, + '_The cunning Northerne Beggar_': 1. he shams lame; 2. he pretends + to be a poor soldier; 3. a sailor; 4. cripple; 5. diseased; 6. + festered all over, and face daubed with blood; 7. blind; 8. has had + his house burnt. + + +FORETALK TO NEW SHAKSPERE SOCIETY'S REPRINT (1880). + + THOMAS HARMAN'S Will (p. xiv, above) I couldn't find at Doctors' + Commons when I searcht for it, though three John-Harman wills of his + time turnd up. + + The print of the Stationers' Registers calld for above, has since + been produc't by Mr. Arber, to whose energy we are all so much + indebted for such numbers of capital texts; and the book only needs + an Index to be of real use. The entries on p. ii, vi, vii, above, + are in Arber's _Transcript_, i. 157, 334, 345. (See too i. 348, + 369.[39]) The Hunterian Club, Glasgow, reprinted, in 1874, S. + Rowland's _Martin Mark-all_ (p. xvi, above) from the text of 1610, + in its handsome edition of all Rowlands's works. + + As connected, more or less, with the Vagabonds of London, I add, + opposite, a copy of the curious cut of the notorious Southwark + brothel, 'Holland's Leaguer' in 1632, on which Mr. Rendle has + commented in his "Bankside, Southwark," _Harrison_, Part II. p. + ix-x, and the site of which is shown on the left of our first plan + from Roque's Map, _ib._ p. 67*. + + The Brothel is shown, says Mr. Ebsworth, (_Amanda Ballads_, 1880, p. + 507*), fortified and sentried, as kept by a Mrs. Holland, before + 1631. "The picture was frontispiece of a quarto pamphlet, + '_Holland's Leaguer; or, an Historical Discourse of the Life and + Actions of Donna Britanica Hollandia, the Arch Mistris of the wicked + women of Eutopia: wherein is detected the notorious sinne of + Pandarisme_,' etc., sm. 4to. printed by A. M. for Richard Barnes, + 1632.... + + "Holland's Leaguer claimed to be an island out of the ordinary + jurisdiction. The portcullis, drawbridge, moat, and wicket for + espial, as well as an armed bully or Pandar to quell disagreeable + intruders, if by chance they got admittance without responsible + introduction, all point to an organized system. There were also the + garden-walks for sauntering and 'doing a spell of embroidery, or + fine work,' _i.e._ flirtation; the summer-house that was + proverbially famous or infamous for intrigues, and the river + conveniently near for disposal of awkward visitors who might have + met with misadventure. + +[Header: FORETALK TO REPRINT OF 1880.] + + "Shackerly Marmion's 'excellent comedy,' _Holland's Leaguer_, 1632, + was reprinted in 1875, in William Paterson of Edinburgh's choice + series, _Dramatists of the Restoration_. The fourth act gives an + exposure of the Leaguers' garrison, where riot, disease, and robbery + are unchecked. Thus _Trimalchio_ says, + + 'I threw thy _Cerberus_ a sleepy morsel, + And paid thy _Charon_ for my waftage over, + And I have a golden sprig for my _Proserpina_. + _Bawd:_ Then you are welcome, Sir!' + + [Illustration: Southwark brothel] + + "Yet before long the visitors are shouting 'Murder! Murder!' + + 'They have spoiled us + Of our cloaks, our hats, our swords, and our money. + My brother talked of building of a score, [_i.e._ "_Tick it._"] + And straight they seized our cloaks for the reckoning.'" + + "The long-credit system did not suit at that establishment, where + the health and lives of visitors were uninsured. The Proprietress + had early declared the free list to be entirely suspended: + + 'I'll take no tickets nor no future stipends. + 'Tis not false titles, or denominations + Of offices can do it. I must have money. + Tell them so. Draw the bridge.'--(Act iv. sc. 2.)" + + +[Illustration: ROXBURGHE AND BAGFORD BALLAD WOODCUTS OF BEGGARS, &C.] + +[Illustration] + +[Illustration] + + +FOOTNOTES: + +[1] _Liber Vagatorum: Der Betler Orden_: First printed about 1514. Its +first section gives a special account of the several orders of the +'Fraternity of Vagabonds;' the 2nd, sundry _notabilia_ relating to them; +the 3rd consists of a 'Rotwelsche Vocabulary,' or 'Canting Dictionary.' +See a long notice in the Wiemarisches Jahrbuch, vol. 10; 1856. Hotten's +_Slang Dictionary_: Bibliography. + +[2] See the back of his title-page, p. 2, below. + +[3] _as well_ and _and as well_ not in the title of the 1575 edition. + +[4] Compare the anecdote, p. 66, 68, 'the _last_ sommer. Anno Domini, +1566.' + +[5] 'now at this seconde Impression,' p. 27; 'Whyle this second +Impression was in printinge,' p. 87. + +[6] Mr J. P. Collier (_Bibliographical Catalogue_, i. 365) has little +doubt that the verses at the back of the title-page of Harman's _Caveat_ +were part of "a ballad intituled a description of the nature of a +birchen broom" entered at Stationers' Hall to William Griffith, the +first printer of the _Caveat_. + +[7] Cp. Kente, p. 37, 43, 48, 61, 63, 66, 68, 77, &c. Moreover, the way +in which he, like a Norfolk or Suffolk man, speaks of _shires_, points +to a liver in a non -_shire_. + +[8] In _Martin Mark-all, Beadle of Bridewell_, 1610, quoted below, at p. +xvii. + +[9] Compare his 'ride to Dartforde to speake with a priest there,' p. +57. + +[10] "John Harman, Esquyer, one of the gentilmen hushers of the Chambre +of our soverayn Lady the Quene, and the excellent Lady Dame Dorothye +Gwydott, widow, late of the town of Southampton, married Dec. 21, 1567." +(Extract from the register of the parish of Stratford Bow, given in p. +499, vol. iii. of Lysons's _Environs of London_.) + +[11] Philipott, p. 108. Henry Harman bore for his arms--Argent, a +chevron between 3 scalps sable. + +[12] Of whose daughters, Mary married John, eldest son of Wm. Lovelace, +of Hever in Kingsdown, in this county; and Elizabeth married John +Lennard, Prothonotary, and afterwards _Custos Brevium_ of the Common +Pleas. See Chevening. + +[13] See Robinson's Gavelkind, p. 300. + +[14] She was of consanguinity to Abp. Chicheley. _Stemm. Chich._ No. +106. Thomas Harman had three daughters: Anne, who married Wm. Draper, of +Erith, and lies buried there; Mary, who married Thomas Harrys; and +Bridget, who was the wife of Henry Binneman. _Ibid._ + +[15] In the first edition of Holinshed (1577) this chapter is the 5th in +Book III. of Harrison's _Description_. + +[16] Not in ed. 1577. + +[17] _thorow_ in ed. 1577. + +[18] _piteous_ in ed. 1577. + +[19] _lament_ in ed. 1577. + +[20] The remainder of this paragraph is not in ed. 1577. + +[21] Not in ed. 1577. + +[22] Compare _Harman_, p. 48. + +[23] The 1577 ed. inserts _horrible_. + +[24] The 1577 ed. reads _fifty_. + +[25] The 1577 ed. reads 22, which is evidently an error. + +[26] For these words the 1577 ed. reads _gather_. + +[27] The above list is taken from the titles of the chapters in Harman's +_Caueat_. + +[28] Not in the 1577 ed. + +[29] These words are substituted for _which they disfigure to begg +withal_ in the 1577 ed. + +[30] The 1577 ed. inserts _bearwards_. + +[31] Not in 1577 ed. + +[32] These three sentences are not in 1577 ed. + +[33] Hazlitt's _Hand Book_, p. 241. + +[34] Leader of the Choir. Captain of the Company. + +[35] Where at this day the Rogues of the North part, once euerie three +yeeres, assemble in the night, because they will not be seene and +espied; being a place, to those that know it, verie fit for that +purpos,--it being hollow, and made spacious vnder ground; at first, by +estimation, halfe a mile in compasse; but it hath such turnings and +roundings in it, that a man may easily be lost if hee enter not with a +guide. + +[36] Of the above passages, Dekker speaks in the following +manner:--"There is an Vsurper, that of late hath taken vpon him the name +of the Belman; but being not able to maintaine that title, hee doth now +call himselfe the Bel-mans brother; his ambition is (rather out of +vaine-glory then the true courage of an experienced Souldier) to haue +the leading of the Van; but it shall be honor good enough for him (if +not too good) to come vp with the Rere. You shall know him by his +Habiliments, for (by the furniture he weares) he will be taken for a +_Beadle of Bridewell_. It is thought he is rather a Newter then a friend +to the cause: and therefore the Bel-man doth here openly protest that +hee comes into the field as no fellow in armes with him."--_O per se O_ +(1612 edit.), sign. A. 2. + +[37] We quote from four out of the five tracts contained in the volume. +The title of the tract we do not quote is '_Hanging not Punishment +enough_,' etc., London, 1701. + +[38] To obviate the possibility of mistake in the lection of this +curious document, Mr E. W. Ashbee has, at my request, and by permission +of the Governors of Dulwich College (where the paper is preserved), +furnished me with an exact fac-simile of it, worked off on somewhat +similar paper. By means of this fac-simile my readers may readily assure +themselves that in no part of the memorial is Lodge called a "player;" +indeed he is not called "Thos. Lodge," and it is only an inference, an +unavoidable conclusion, that the Lodge here spoken of is Thomas Lodge, +the dramatist. Mr Collier, however, professes to find that he is there +called "Thos. Lodge," and that it [the Memorial] contains this +remarkable grammatical inversion; + + "and haveinge some knowledge and acquaintaunce of him as a player, + requested me to be his baile," + +which is evidently intended to mean, _as I had some knowledge and +acquaintance of Lodge as a player, he requested me to be his baile_. But +in this place the original paper reads thus, + + "and havinge of me some knowledge and acquaintaunce requested me to + be his bayle," + +meaning, of course, _Lodge, having some knowledge and acquaintance of me +requested me to be his bail_. + +The interpolation of the five words needed to corroborate Mr Collier's +explanation of the misquoted passage from Gosson, and the omission of +two other words inconsistent with that interpolation, may be thought to +exhibit some little ingenuity; it was, however, a feat which could have +cost him no great pains. But the labour of recasting the orthography of +the memorial must have been considerable; while it is difficult to +imagine a rational motive to account for such labour being incurred. To +expand the abbreviations and modernize the orthography might have been +expedient, as it would have been easy. But, in the name of reason, what +is the gain of writing _wheare_ and _theare_ for "where" and "there;" +_cleere_, _yeeld_, and _meerly_ for "clere," "yealde," and "merely;" +_verie_, _anie_, _laie_, _waie_, _paie_, _yssue_, and _pryvily_, for +"very," "any," "lay," "way," "pay," "issue," and "privylie;" _sondrie_, +_begon_, and _doen_ for "sundrie," "began," and "don;" and _thintent_, +_thaction_, and _thacceptaunce_ for "the intent," "the action," and "the +acceptaunce"?--p. 14 of Dr C. M. Ingleby's '_Was Thomas Lodge an Actor? +An Exposition touching the Social Status of the Playwright in the time +of Queen Elizabeth._' Printed for the Author by R. Barrett and Sons, 13 +Mark Lane, 1868. 2_s._ 6_d._ + +[39] i. 270: A ballett intituled _Tom Tell Truth_, A.D. 1565; and i. +307, 'an interlude, _the Cruell Detter_ by Wager,' licenst to Colwell in +1565-6. + + + + + _THE Fraternitye of Vacabondes._ + + As wel of ruflyng Vacabondes, as of beggerly, of women as of men, of + Gyrles as of Boyes, with _their proper names and qualities_. + + With a description of the crafty company of =Cousoners and + Shifters=. + + [P] Wherunto also is adioyned =the .xxv. Orders of Knaues=, otherwyse + called =a Quartern of Knaues=. _Confirmed for euer by Cocke Lorell._ + + ( * ) + + [P] +The Vprightman speaketh.+ + + [P] Our Brotherhood[40] of Vacabondes, + If you would know where dwell: + In graues end Barge which syldome standes. + The talke wyll shew ryght well. + + [P] +Cocke Lorell aunswereth.+ + + [P] Some orders of my Knaues also + In that Barge shall ye fynde: + For no where shall ye walke I trow, + But ye shall see their kynde. + + * * * * * + + [P] Imprinted at London by Iohn Awdeley, dwellyng in little Britayne + streete without Aldersgate. + + 1575. + + + + + *[leaf 1b.]* [P] _The Printer to the Reader._ + + THis brotherhood of Vacabondes, + To shew that there be such in deede + Both Iustices and men of Landes, + Wyll testifye it if it neede. + For at a Sessions as they sat, + By chaunce a Vacabond was got. + + [P] Who promysde if they would him spare, + And keepe his name from knowledge then: + He would as straunge a thing declare, + As euer they knew synce they were men. + But if my fellowes do know (sayd he) + That thus I dyd, they would kyll me. + + [P] They graunting him this his request, + He dyd declare as here is read, + Both names and states of most and least, + Of this their Vacabondes brotherhood. + Which at the request of a worshipful man + I haue set it forth as well as I can. + + +FINIS. + + + + + *[leaf 2]* [P] The =Fraternitye of Vacabondes= both rufling and + beggerly, =Men and women, Boyes and Gyrles=, wyth their proper names + and qualities. + + Whereunto are adioyned =the company of Cousoners and Shifters=. + + +[P] AN ABRAHAM MAN. + +AN Abraham man is he that walketh bare armed, and bare legged, and +fayneth hym selfe mad, and caryeth a packe of wool, or a stycke with +baken on it, or such lyke toy, and nameth himselfe poore Tom. + +[P] A RUFFELER. + +A Ruffeler goeth wyth a weapon to seeke seruice, saying he hath bene a +Seruitor in the wars, and beggeth for his reliefe. But his chiefest +trade is to robbe poore wayfaring men and market women. + +[P] A PRYGMAN. + +A Prygman goeth with a stycke in hys hand like an idle person. His +propertye is to steale cloathes of the hedge, which they call storing of +the Rogeman: or els filtch Poultry, carying them to the Alehouse, whych +they call the Bowsyng In, & ther syt playing at cardes and dice, tyl +that is spent which they haue so fylched. + +[Header: AWDELEY. THE FRATERNITY OF VACABONDES.] + +[P] A WHIPIACKE. + +A Whypiacke is one, that by coulor of a counterfaite Lisence (which they +call a Gybe, and the seales they cal Iarckes) doth vse to beg lyke a +Maryner, But hys chiefest trade is to rob Bowthes in a Faire, or to +pilfer ware fro_m_ staules, which they cal heauing of the Bowth. + +[P] A FRATER. + +A Frater goeth wyth a like Lisence to beg for some Spittlehouse or +Hospital. Their pray is co_m_monly vpo_n_ *[leaf 2b.]* poore women as +they go and come to the Markets. + +[P] A QUIRE BIRD. + +A Quire bird is one that came lately out of prison, & goeth to seeke +seruice. He is co_m_monly a stealer of Horses, which they terme a +Priggar of Paulfreys. + +[P] AN VPRIGHT MAN. + +An Vpright man is one that goeth wyth the trunchion of a staffe, which +staffe they cal a Filtchma_n_. This man is of so much authority, that +meeting with any of his profession, he may cal them to accompt, & +co_m_maund a share or snap vnto him selfe, of al that they haue gained +by their trade in one moneth. And if he doo them wrong, they haue no +remedy agaynst hym, no though he beate them, as he vseth co_m_monly to +do. He may also co_m_maund any of their women, which they cal Doxies, to +serue his turne. He hath y_e_ chiefe place at any market walke, & other +assembles, & is not of any to be co_n_troled. + +[P] A CURTALL. + +A Curtall is much like to the Vpright man, but hys authority is not +fully so great. He vseth commonly to go with a short cloke, like to grey +Friers, & his woman with him in like liuery, which he calleth his Altham +if she be hys wyfe, & if she be his harlot, she is called hys Doxy. + +[P] A PALLIARD. + +A Palliard is he that goeth in a patched cloke, and hys Doxy goeth in +like apparell. + +[P] AN IRISHE TOYLE. + +An Irishe toyle is he that carieth his ware in hys wallet, as laces, +pins, poyntes, and such like. He vseth to shew no wares vntill he haue +his almes. And if the good man and wyfe be not in the way, he procureth +of the ch[i]lldre_n_ or seruants a fleece of wool, or the worth of +xij.d. of some other thing, for a peniworth of his wares. + +*[leaf 3]* [P] A IACK MAN. + +A Iackeman is he that can write and reade, and somtime speake latin. He +vseth to make counterfaite licences which they call Gybes, and sets to +Seales, in their language called Iarkes. + +[P] A SWYGMAN. + +A Swygman goeth with a Pedlers pack. + +[P] A WASHMAN. + +A Washman is called a Palliard, but not of the right making. He vseth to +lye in the hye way with lame or sore legs or armes to beg. These me_n_ +y_e_ right Pilliards wil often times spoile, but they dare not +co_m_playn. They be bitten with Spickworts, & somtime with rats bane. + +[P] A TINKARD. + +A Tinkard leaueth his bag a sweating at the Alehouse, which they terme +their Bowsing In, and in the meane season goeth abrode a begging. + +[P] A WYLDE ROGE. + +A wilde Roge is he that hath no abiding place but by his coulour of +going abrode to beg, is commonly to seeke some kinsman of his, and all +that be of hys corporation be properly called Roges. + +[P] A KITCHEN CO. + +A Kitchin Co is called an ydle runagate Boy. + +[P] A KITCHEN MORTES. + +A Kitchin Mortes is a Gyrle, she is brought at her full age to the +Vpryght man to be broken, and so she is called a Doxy, vntil she come to +ye honor of an Altham. + +[P] DOXIES. + +Note especially all which go abroade working laces and shirt stringes, +they name them Doxies. + +[P] A PATRIARKE CO. + +A Patriarke Co doth make mariages, & that is vntill *[leaf 3b.]* death +depart the maried folke, which is after this sort: When they come to a +dead Horse or any dead Catell, then they shake hands and so depart euery +one of them a seuerall way. + + +[P] THE COMPANY OF COUSONERS AND SHIFTERS. + +[P] A CURTESY MAN. + +A Curtesy man is one that walketh about the back lanes in London in the +day time, and sometime in the broade streetes in the night season, and +when he meeteth some handsome yong man clenly apareled, or some other +honest Citizen, he maketh humble salutatio_n_s and low curtesy, and +sheweth him that he hath a worde or two to speake with his mastership. +This child can behaue him selfe manerly, for he wyll desire him that he +talketh withall, to take the vpper hand, and shew him much reuerence, +and at last like his familier acquaintaunce will put on his cap, and +walke syde by syde, and talke on this fashion: Oh syr, you seeme to be a +man, and one that fauoureth men, and therefore I am the more bolder to +breake my mind vnto your good maistership. Thus it is syr, ther is a +certaine of vs (though I say it both taule and handsome men of theyr +hands) which haue come lately from the wars, and as God knoweth haue +nothing to take to, being both maisterles and moniles, & knowing no way +wherby to yerne one peny. And further, wher as we haue bene welthely +brought vp, and we also haue beene had in good estimatio_n_, we are a +shamed now to declare our misery, and to fall a crauing as common +Beggers, and as for to steale and robbe, (God is our record) it striketh +vs to *[leaf 4]* the hart, to thinke of such a mischiefe, that euer any +handsome man should fall into such a daunger for thys worldly trash. +Which if we had to suffise our want and necessity, we should neuer seeke +thus shamefastly to craue on such good pityfull men as you seeme to be, +neither yet so daungerously to hasarde our liues for so vyle a thing. +Therefore good syr, as you seeme to be a handsome man your selfe, and +also such a one as pitieth the miserable case of handsome men, as now +your eyes and countenaunce sheweth to haue some pity vppon this my +miserable complainte: So in Gods cause I require your maistershyp, & in +the behalfe of my poore afflicted fellowes, which though here in sight +they cry not with me to you, yet wheresouer they bee, I am sure they cry +vnto God to moue the heartes of some good men to shew forth their +liberality in this behalfe. All which & I with them craue now the same +request at your good masterships hand. With these or such like words he +frameth his talke. Now if the party (which he thus talketh withall) +profereth hym a peny or .ii.d. he taketh it, but verye scornfully, and +at last speaketh on this sorte: Well syr, your good will is not to be +refused. But yet you shall vnderstand (good syr) that this is nothing +for them, for whom I do thus shamefastly entreate. Alas syr, it is not a +groate or .xii.d. I speake for, being such a company of Seruiters as wee +haue bene: yet neuertheles God forbid I should not receiue your ge_n_tle +offer at this time, hoping hereafter through your good motions to some +such lyke good gentleman as you be, that I, or some of my fellowes in my +place, shall finde the more liberality. These kind of ydle Vacabondes +wyll go commonly well appareled, without *[leaf 4b.]* any weapon, and in +place where they meete together, as at their hosteryes or other places, +they wyll beare the port of ryght good gentlemen, & some are the more +trusted, but co_m_monly thei pay them w_i_t_h_ stealing a paire of +sheetes, or Couerlet, & so take their farewell earely in the morning, +before the mayster or dame be sturring. + +[P] A CHEATOUR OR FINGERER. + +These commonly be such kinde of idle Vacabondes as scarcely a man shall +discerne, they go so gorgeously, sometime with waiting men, and sometime +without. Their trade is to walke in such places, where as gentelmen & +other worshipfull Citizens do resorte, as at Poules, or at Christes +Hospital, & somtime at ye Royal exchaunge. These haue very many +acquaintaunces, yea, and for the most part will acquaint them selues +with euery man, and fayne a society, in one place or other. But chiefly +they wil seeke their acquaintaunce of such (which they haue learned by +diligent enquiring where they resort) as haue receyued some porcioun of +money of their friends, as yong Gentlemen which are sent to London to +study the lawes, or els some yong Marchant man or other kynde of +Occupier, whose friendes hath geuen them a stock of mony[41] to occupy +withall. When they haue thus found out such a pray, they will find the +meanes by theyr familiarity, as very curteously to bid him to breakefast +at one place or other, where they are best acquainted, and closely +amonge themselues wil appoint one of their Fraternity, which they call a +Fyngerer, an olde beaten childe, not onely in such deceites, but also +such a one as by his age is painted out with gray heares, wrinkled face, +crooked back, and most commonly lame, as it might seeme with age, *[leaf +5]* yea and such a one as to shew a simplicity, shal weare a homely +cloke and hat scarce worth .vi. d. This nimble fingred knight (being +appointed to this place) co_m_meth in as one not knowen of these +Cheatours, but as vnwares shal sit down at the end of the bord where +they syt, & call for his peny pot of wine, or a pinte of Ale, as the +place serueth. Thus sitting as it were alone, mumblyng on a crust, or +some such thing, these other yonckers wil finde some kind of mery talke +with him, some times questioning wher he dwelleth, & sometimes enquiring +what trade he vseth, which co_m_monly he telleth them he vseth +husbandry: & talking thus merely, at last they aske him, how sayest +thou, Father, wylt thou play for thy breakfast with one of vs, that we +may haue some pastime as we syt? Thys olde Karle makyng it straunge at +the first saith: My maysters, ich am an old man, and halfe blinde, and +can skyl of very few games, yet for that you seeme to be such good +Gentelmen, as to profer to play for that of which you had no part, but +onely I my selfe, and therefore of right ich am worthy to pay for it, I +shal with al my hart fulfyl your request. And so falleth to play, +somtime at Cardes & sometime at dice. Which through his cou_n_terfait +simplicity in the play somtimes ouer counteth himself, or playeth +somtimes against his wyl, so as he would not, & then counterfaiteth to +be angry, and falleth to swearing, & so leesing that, profereth to play +for a shillyng or two. The other therat hauing good sport, seming to +mocke him, falleth againe to play, and so by their legerdemane, & +cou_n_terfaiting, winneth ech of them a shilling or twain, & at last +whispereth the yong man in the eare to play with hym also, that ech one +might haue a fling at him. *[leaf 5b.]* This yong ma_n_ for company +falleth againe to play also with the sayd Fyngerer, and winneth as the +other did which when he had loste a noble or .vi. s. maketh as though he +had lost al his mony, and falleth a intreating for parte thereof againe +to bring him home, which the other knowing his mind and intent, stoutely +denieth and iesteth, & scoffeth at him. This Fingerer seeming then to be +in a rage, desireth the_m_ as they are true gentlemen, to tarry till he +fetcheth more store of money, or els to point some place where they may +meete. They seeming greedy hereof, promiseth faithfully and clappeth +handes so to meete. They thus ticklyng the young man in the eare, +willeth him to make as much money as he can, and they wil make as much +as they can, and co_n_sent as though they wil play booty against him. +But in the ende they so vse the matter, that both the young man leeseth +his part, and, as it seemeth to him, they leesing theirs also, and so +maketh as though they would fal together by the eares with this +fingerer, which by one wyle or other at last conueyeth him selfe away, & +they as it were raging lyke mad bedlams, one runneth one way, an other +an other way, leauing the loser indeede all alone. Thus these Cheatours +at their accustomed hosteries meete closely together, and there receiue +ech one his part of this their vile spoyle. Of this fraternity there be +that be called helpers, which commonly haunt tauernes or alehouses, and +co_m_meth in as men not acquainted with none in the companye, but spying +them at any game, wil byd them God spede and God be at their game, and +will so place him selfe that he will shew his fellow by sygnes and +tokens, without speech commonly, but sometime with far fetched *[leaf +6]* wordes, what cardes he hath in his hand, and how he may play against +him. And those betwene the_m_ both getteth money out of the others +purse. + +[P] A RING FALLER. + +A Ryng faller is he that getteth fayre copper rings, some made like +signets, & some after other fashio_n_s, very faire gylded, & walketh vp +and down the streetes, til he spieth some man of the country, or some +other simple body whom he thinketh he may deceaue, and so goeth a lyttle +before him or them, and letteth fall one of these ringes, which when the +party that commeth after spieth and taketh it vp, he hauing an eye +backward, crieth halfe part, the party that taketh it vp, thinking it to +be of great value, profereth him some money for his part, which he not +fully denieth, but willeth him to come into some alehouse or tauerne, +and there they will common vpon the matter. Which when they come in, and +are set in some solitary place (as commonly they call for such a place) +there he desireth the party that found the ring to shew it him. When he +seeth it, he falleth a entreating the party that found it, and desireth +him to take money for his part, and telleth him that if euer he may do +him any frendship hereafter he shal commaund him, for he maketh as +though he were very desirous to haue it. The symple man seeing him so +importune vpon it, thinketh the ring to bee of great valure, and so is +the more lother to part from it. At last this ring faller asketh him +what he will geue him for his part, for, saith he, seeing you wyl not +let me haue the ring, alowe me my part, and take you the ring. The other +asketh what he counteth the ring to be worth, he answereth, v. or vi. +pound. No, saith he, it is not so much worth. *[leaf 6b.]* Well (saith +this Ringfaller) let me haue it, and I wyll alow you .xl. s. for your +part. The other party standyng in a doubt, and looking on the ryng, +asketh if he wyll geue the money out of hand. The other answereth, he +hath not so much ready mony about him, but he wil go fetch so much for +him, if he wil go with him. The other that found the ring, thinking he +meaneth truly, beginneth to profer him .xx. s. for his part, sometymes +more, or les, which he verye scornfullye refuseth at the first, and styl +entreateth that he might haue the ring, which maketh the other more +fonder of it, and desireth him to take the money for his part, & so +profereth him money. This ring faller seing y^{e} mony, maketh it very +strau_n_ge, and first questioneth with him wher he dwelleth, and asketh +him what is his name, & telleth him that he semeth to be an honest man, +and therfore he wil do somwhat for friendships sake, hoping to haue as +friendly a pleasure at his hand hereafter, and so profereth hym for .x. +s. more he should haue the ryng. At last, with entreatye on both partes, +he geueth the Ring faller the money, and so departeth, thinkyng he hath +gotten a very great Iewell. These kynde of deceyuing Vacabondes haue +other practises with their rings, as somtimes to come to buy wares of +mens Prentesies, and somtimes of their Maisters, and when he hath agreed +of the price, he sayth he hath not so much money about him, but pulleth +of one of these rings of from his fyngers, and profereth to leaue it in +pawne, tyl his Maister or his friendes hath sene it, so promising to +bring the money, the seller thinking he meaneth truly, letteth him go, +and neuer seeth him after, tyll perhaps at Tyburne or at such lyke +place. Ther is another kinde of *[leaf 7]* these Ring choppers, which +co_m_monly cary about them a faire gold ring in deede, and these haue +other counterfait rings made so lyke this gold ring, as ye shal not +perceiue the contrary, tyl it be brought to y^{e} touchstone. This child +wyl come to borow mony of the right gold ring, the party mistrusting the +Ring not to be good, goeth to the Goldsmith with the partye that hath +the ryng, and tryeth it whether it be good golde, and also wayeth it to +know how much it is worth. The Goldsmith tryeth it to be good gold, and +also to haue hys ful weight like gold, and warenteth the party which +shall lend the money that the ring is worth so much money according to +the waight, this yoncker comming home with the party which shall lend +the money, and hauing the gold ring againe, putteth vp the gold ring, +and pulleth out a counterfaite ring very like the same, & so deliuereth +it to the party which lendeth the money, they thinking it to be the same +which they tryed, and so deliuereth the money or sometimes wares, and +thus vily be deceiued. + + +FOOTNOTES: + +[40] _Orig._ Brothethood. + +[41] _Orig._ mony. + + + + + [P] _THE_ .XXV. =Orders of Knaues=, _otherwise called_ =a quarterne of + Knaues=, _confirmed for euer by Cocke Lorell_. + + +1 TROLL AND TROLL BY. + +TRoll and Trol by, is he that setteth naught by no man, nor no man by +him. This is he that would beare rule in a place, and hath none +authority nor thanke, & at last is thrust out of the doore like a knaue. + +2 TROLL WITH. + +Troll with is he _tha_t no man shall know the seruaunt from y^{e} +Maister. This knaue with his cap on his head *[leaf 7b.]* lyke Capon +hardy, wyll syt downe by his Maister, or els go cheeke by cheeke with +him in the streete. + +3 TROLL HAZARD OF TRACE. + +Troll hazard of trace is he that goeth behynde his Maister as far as he +may see hym. Such knaues commonly vse to buy Spice-cakes, Apples, or +other trifles, and doo eate them as they go in the streetes lyke +vacabond Boyes. + +[Header: AWDELEY. THE .XXV. ORDERS OF KNAUES.] + +4 TROLL HAZARD OF TRITRACE. + +Troll hazard of tritrace, is he that goeth gaping after his Master, +looking to and fro tyl he haue lost him. This knaue goeth gasyng about +lyke a foole at euery toy, and then seeketh in euery house lyke a +Maisterles dog, and when his Maister nedeth him, he is to seeke. + +5 CHAFE LITTER. + +Chafe Litter is he that wyll plucke vp the Fether-bed or Matrice, and +pysse in the bedstraw, and wyl neuer ryse vncalled. This knaue berayeth +many tymes in the corners of his Maisters chamber, or other places +inconuenient, and maketh cleane hys shooes with the couerlet or +curtaines. + +6 OBLOQUIUM. + +Obloquium is hee that wyll take a tale out of his Maisters mouth and +tell it him selfe. He of right may be called a malapart knaue. + +7 RINCE PYTCHER. + +Rince Pytcher is he that will drinke out his thrift at the ale or wine, +and be oft times dronke. This is a licoryce knaue that will swill his +Maisters drink, and brybe his meate that is kept for him. + +8 JEFFREY GODS FO. + +Jeffery Gods Fo is he, that wil sweare & maintaine *[leaf 8]* othes. +This is such a lying knaue that none wil beleue him, for the more he +sweareth, y_e_ les he is to be beleued. + +9 NICHOL HARTLES. + +Nichol Hartles is he, that when he should do ought for his Maister hys +hart faileth him. This is a Trewand knaue that faineth himselfe sicke +when he should woorke. + +10 SIMON SOONE AGON. + +Simon soone agon is he, that when his Mayster hath any thing to do, he +wil hide him out of the way. This is a loytring knaue that wil hide him +in a corner and sleepe or els run away. + +11 GRENE WINCHARD. + +Greene Winchard is he, that when his hose is broken and hange out at his +shoes, he will put them into his shooes againe with a stick, but he wyll +not amend them. This is a slouthfull knaue, that had leauer go lyke a +begger then cleanly. + +12 PROCTOUR. + +Proctour is he, that will tary long, and bring a lye, when his Maister +sendeth him on his errand. This is a stibber gibber Knaue, that doth +fayne tales. + +13 COMMITOUR OF TIDINGES. + +Commitour of Tidings is he, that is ready to bring his Maister Nouels +and tidinges, whether they be true or false. This is a tale bearer +knaue, that wyll report words spoken in his Maisters presence. + +14 GYLE HATHER. + +Gyle Hather is he, that wyll stand by his Maister when he is at dinner, +and byd him beware that he eate no raw meate, because he would eate it +himselfe. This is a pickthanke knaue, that would make his Maister *[leaf +8b.]* beleue that the Cowe is woode. + +15 BAWDE PHISICKE. + +Bawde Phisicke, is he that is a Cocke, when his Maysters meate is euyll +dressed, and he challenging him therefore, he wyl say he wyll eate the +rawest morsel thereof him selfe. This is a sausye knaue, that wyl +contrary his Mayster alway. + +16 MOUNCH PRESENT. + +Mounch present is he that is a great gentleman, for when his Mayster +sendeth him with a present, he wil take a tast thereof by the waye. This +is a bold knaue, that sometyme will eate the best and leaue the worst +for his Mayster. + +17 COLE PROPHET. + +Cole Prophet is he, that when his Maister sendeth him on his errand, he +wyl tel his answer therof to his Maister or he depart from hym. This +tittiuell knaue commonly maketh the worst of the best betwene hys +Maister and his friende. + +18 CORY FAUELL. + +Cory fauell is he, that wyl lye in his bed, and cory the bed bordes in +which hee lyeth in steede of his horse. This slouthfull knaue wyll +buskill and scratch when he is called in the morning, for any hast. + +19 DYNG THRIFT. + +Dyng thrift is he, that wil make his Maisters horse eate pies and rybs +of beefe, and drinke ale and wyne. Such false knaues oft tymes, wil sell +their Maisters meate to their owne profit. + +20 ESEN DROPPERS. + +Esen Droppers bene they, that stand vnder mens wales or windowes, or in +any other place, to heare the *[leaf 9]* secretes of a mans house. These +misdeming knaues wyl stand in corners to heare if they be euill spoken +of, or waite a shrewd turne. + +21 CHOPLOGYKE. + +Choplogyke, is he that when his mayster rebuketh him of hys fault he +wyll geue hym .xx. wordes for one, els byd the deuils Pater noster in +silence. This proude prating knaue wyll maintaine his naughtines when he +is rebuked for them. + +22 VNTHRIFTE. + +Vnthrift, is he that wil not put his wearing clothes to washing, nor +black his owne shoes, nor amend his his (_sic_) own wearing clothes. +This rechles knaue wyl alway be lousy: and say that hee hath no more +shift of clothes, and slaunder his Maister. + +23 VNGRACIOUS. + +Vngracious, is he _tha_t by his own will, will heare no maner of +seruice, without he be compelled therunto by his rulers. This Knaue wil +sit at the alehouse drinking or playing at dice, or at other games at +seruice tyme. + +24 NUNQUAM. + +Nunquam, is he that when his Maister sendeth him on his errand he wil +not come againe of an hour or two where he might haue done it in halfe +an houre or lesse. This knaue will go about his owne errand or pastime +and saith he cannot speede at the first. + +25 INGRATUS. + +Ingratus, is he that when one doth all that he can for him, he will +scant geue him a good report for his labour. This knaue is so ingrate or +vnkind, _tha_t he considreth not his frend fro_m_ his fo, & wil requit +euil for good & being put most in trust, wil sonest deceiue his maister. + +_FINIS._ + + * * * * * + + *[leaf 9b.]* Imprinted at London by Iohn Awdely dwelling in + little Britaine streete without Aldersgate. + +[Decoration] + +[Original in Bodleian Library, 4^o. R. 21. Art. Seld.] + + + + + =A Caueat or Warening=, FOR COMMEN CVRSETORS VVLGARELY CALLED + =Vagabones, set forth by Thomas Harman, Esquiere, for the utilite + and proffyt of his naturall Cuntrey. Augmented and inlarged by the + fyrst author here of.= + + _Anno Domini. M.D.LXVII._ + + [P] _Vewed, examined, and allowed, according vnto the Queenes Maiestyes + Iniunctions._ + +[Illustration] + + [P] =Imprinted at London, in Fletestrete, at the signe of the Falcon, + by= _Wylliam Gryffith_, =and are to be sold at his shoppe in Saynt + Dunstones Churche yarde, in the West. Anno Domini. 1567.= + + [The Bodley edition of 1567 omits 'or Warening' in line 1, and 'Anno + Domini. 1567.' at foot; and substitutes 'Newly Augmented and + Imprinted' for 'Augmented ... here of', line 6.] + + + + +[Header: HARMAN. THE EPISTLE.] + +*[leaf 2]* + +[P] To the ryght honorable and my singular good Lady, Elizabeth Countes +of Shrewsbury, Thomas Harman wisheth all ioye and perfite felicitie, +here and in the worlde to come. + +AS of Auncient and longe tyme there hath bene, and is now at this +present, many good, godly, profitable lawes and actes made and setforthe +in this most noble and floryshynge realme, for the reliefe, succour, +comforte, and sustentacion of the poore, nedy, impotent, and myserable +creatures beinge and inhabiting in all parts of the same; So is there +(ryghte honorable and myne especyall good Lady) most holsom estatutes, +ordinances, and necessary lawes, made, setforth, and publisshed, for the +extreme punishement of all vagarantes and sturdy vacabons, as passeth +throughe and by all parts of this famous yle, most idelly and wyckedly: +and I wel, by good experience, vnderstandinge and consideringe your most +tender, pytyfull, gentle, and noble nature,--not onelye hauinge a +vygelant and mercifull eye to your poore, indygente, and feable +parishnores; yea, not onely in the parishe where your honour moste +happely doth dwell, but also in others inuyroninge or nighe adioyning to +the same; As also aboundantly powringe out dayely your ardent and +bountifull charytie vppon all such as commeth for reliefe vnto your +luckly gates,-- + +I thought it good, necessary, and my bounden dutye, to acquaynte your +goodnes with the abhominable, wycked, and detestable behauor of all +these rowsey, ragged rabblement of rakehelles, that--vnder the pretence +of great misery, dyseases, and other innumerable calamites whiche they +fayne--through great hipocrisie do wyn and gayne great almes in all +places where they wyly wander, to the vtter deludinge of the good +geuers, deceauinge and impouerishing of all such poore housholders, both +sicke and sore, as nether can or maye walke abroad for reliefe and +comforte (where, in dede, most mercy is to be shewed). And for that I +(most honorable Lady), beinge placed as a poore gentleman, haue kepte a +house these twenty yeares, where vnto pouerty dayely hath and doth +repayre, not without some reliefe, as my poore callinge and habylytie +maye and doth extende: I haue of late yeares gathered a great suspition +that all should not be well, and, as the prouerbe saythe, "sume thinge +lurke and laye hyd that dyd not playnely apeare;" for I, hauinge more +occation, throughe sickenes, to tary and remayne at home then I haue +bene acustomed, do, by my there abyding, talke [42]and confere dayly +with many of these wyly wanderars of both sortes, as well men and +wemmen, as boyes and gyrles, by whom I haue *[leaf 2, back]* gathered +and vnderstande their depe dissimulation and detestable dealynge, beinge +maruelous suttle and craftye in there kynde, for not one amongst twenty +wyll discouer, eyther declare there scelorous secretes: yet with fayre +flatteringe wordes, money, and good chere, I haue attained to the typ by +such as the meanest of them hath wandred these xiii. yeares, and most +xvi. and some twenty and vpward,[43] and not withoute faythfull promesse +made vnto them neuer to discouer their names or any thinge they shewed +me; for they would all saye, yf the vpright men should vnderstand +thereof, they should not be only greuouslye beaten, but put in daunger +of their lyues, by the sayd vpright men. There was a fewe yeares since a +small breefe setforth of some zelous man to his countrey, of whom I +knowe not, that made a lytle shewe of there names and vsage, and gaue a +glymsinge lyghte, not sufficient to perswade of their peuishe peltinge +and pickinge[44] practyses, but well worthy of prayse. But (good +madame), with nolesse trauell then good wyll, I haue repayred and rygged +the Shyp of knowledge, and haue hoyssed vp the sayles of good fortune, +that she maye safely passe aboute and through all partes of this noble +realme, and there make porte sale of her wyshed wares, to the confusion +of their drowsey demener and vnlawfull language, pylfring pycking, wily +wanderinge, and lykinge lechery, of all these rablement of rascales that +raunges about al _th_e costes of the same, So _tha_t their vndecent, +dolefull dealing and execrable exercyses may apere to all as it were in +a glasse, that therby the Iusticers _and_ Shreeues may in their circutes +be more vygelant to punishe these malefactores, and the Counstables, +Bayliffes, and bosholders,[45] settinge asyde all feare, slouth, _and_ +pytie, may be more circomspect in executing the charg geuen them by the +aforesayd Iusticers. Then wyll no more this rascall rablement raunge +about the countrey. Then greater reliefe may be shewed to _th_e pouerty +of eche parishe. Then shall we kepe our Horses in our pastures vnstolen. +Then our lynnen clothes shall and maye lye safelye one our hedges +vntouched. Then shall we not haue our clothes and lynnen hoked out at +our wyndowes as well by day as by night. Then shall we not haue our +houses broken vp in the night, as of late one of my nyghtbors had and +two great buckes of clothes stolen out, and most of the same fyne +Lynnen. Then shall we safely kepe our pigges and poultrey from pylfring. +Then shall we surely passe by [46]_th_e hygh waies leading to markets +_and_ fayres vnharmed. Then shall our Shopes and bothes be vnpycked +_and_ spoyled. Then shall these vncomly companies be dispersed and set +to labour for their lyuinge, or hastely hang for *[leaf 3]* their +demerites. Then shall it incourrage a great number of gentle men and +others, seing this securitie, to set vp houses and kepe hospitalytie in +the countrey, to the comfort of their nighboures, releife of the poore, +and to the amendement of the common welth. Then shall not sinne and +wickednes so much abound among vs. Then wil gods wrath be much _th_e +more pacified towards vs. Then shall we not tast of so many and sondry +plages, as now dayely raigneth ouer vs. And then shall this Famous +Empyre be in more welth _and_ better florysh, to the inestymable ioye +_and_ comfort of the Quenes most excelent maiestye, whom god of his +infinyte goodnes, to his great glory, long and many yeares make most +prosperously to raygne ouer vs, to the great Felycitye of all the Peres +and Nobles, and to the vnspeakable ioye, releife, and quietnes of minde, +of all her faythfull Commons _and_ Subiectes. Now, me thinketh, I se how +these peuysh, peruerse, and pestile_n_t people begyn to freat, fume, +sweare, and stare at this my booke, their lyfe being layd open and +aparantly paynted out, that their confusion and end draweth one a pase. +Where as in dede, if it be well waied, it is set forth for their +synguler profyt and co_m_moditie, for the sure safegard of their lyues +here in this world, that they shorten not the same before[47] their +time, and that by their true labour and good lyfe, in the world to com +they may saue their Soules, that Christ, the second person in [the] +Trinytie, hath so derely bought wit_h_ his most precious bloud: so that +hereby I shall do them more good then they could haue deuised for them +selues. For behold, their lyfe being so manyfest wycked and so +aparantlye knowen, The honorable wyl abhore them, The worshipfull wyll +reiecte them, The yemen wyll sharpely tawnte them, The Husband men +vtterly defye them, The laboryng men bluntly chyde them, The wemen with +a loud exclamation[48] wonder at them, And all Children with clappinge +handes crye out at them. I manye times musing with my selfe at these +mischeuous misliuers, merueled when they toke their oryginall _and_ +beginning; how long they haue exercised their execrable wandring about. +I thought it meete to confer with a very old man that I was well +acquaynted with, whose wyt _and_ memory is meruelous for his yeares, +beinge about the age of fourescore, what he knewe when he was yonge of +these lousey leuterars. And he shewed me, that when he was yonge he +wayted vpon a man of much worshyp in Kent, who died immediatly after the +last Duke of Buckingham was beheaded: at his buryall there was such a +number of beggers, besides poore housholders dwelling there abouts, that +vnneth they mighte lye or stande aboute the House: then was there *[leaf +3, back]* prepared for them a great and a large barne, and a great fat +oxe sod out in Furmenty for them, with bread _and_ drinke aboundantly to +furnesh out the premisses; and euery person had two pence, for such was +the dole. When Night approched, _th_e pore housholders repaired home to +their houses: the other wayfaring bold beggers remained alnight in _th_e +barne; and the same barne being serched with light in the night by this +old man (and then yonge), with[49] others, they tolde seuen score +persons of men, euery of them hauing his woma_n_, except it were two +wemen that lay alone to gether for some especyall cause. Thus hauing +their makes to make mery withall, the buriall was turned to bousing +_and_ belly chere, morning to myrth, fasting to feasting, prayer to +pastyme _and_ pressing of papes, and lamenting to Lechery. So that it +may apere this vncomly company hath had a long continuance, but then +nothinge geuen so much to pylferinge, pyckinge, and spoyling; and, as +far as I can learne or vnderstand by the examination of a number of +them, their languag--which they terme peddelars Frenche or +Canting--began but within these xxx. yeeres,[50] lytle aboue; and that +the first inuenter therof was hanged, all saue the head; for that is the +fynall end of them all, or els to dye of some filthy and horyble +diseases: but much harme is don in the meane space by their continuance, +as some x., xii., and xvi. yeares before they be consumed, and the +number of them doth dayly renew. I hope their synne is now at the +hyghest; and that as short and as spedy a redresse wylbe for these, as +hath bene of late yeres for _th_e wretched, wily, wandering vagabonds +calling and naming them selues Egiptians, depely dissembling and long +hyding _and_ couering their depe, decetfull practises,--feding the rude +common people, wholy addicted and geuen to nouelties, toyes, and new +inuentions,--delyting them with the strangenes of the attyre of their +heades, and practising paulmistrie to such as would know their fortunes: +And, to be short, all theues and hores (as I may well wryt),--as some +haue had true experience, a number can well wytnes, and a great sorte +hath well felte it. And now (thankes bee to god), throughe wholsome +lawes, and the due execution thereof, all be dispersed, banished,[51] +_and_ the memory of them cleane extynguished; that when they bee once +named here after, our Chyldren wyll muche meruell what kynd of people +they were: and so, I trust, shal shortly happen of these. For what +thinge doth chiefely cause these rowsey rakehelles thus to continue and +dayly increase? Surely a number of wicked parsons that keepe typlinge +Houses in all shires, where they haue succour and reliefe; and what so +euer they bring, they are sure to receaue money for *[leaf 4]* the same, +for they sell good penyworthes. The byers haue _th_e greatest gayne; +yea, yf they haue nether money nor ware, they wylbe trusted; their +credite is much. I haue taken a note of a good many of them, _and_ wil +send their names and dwelling-places to such Iusticers as dwelleth nere +or next vnto them, that they by their good wisdomes may displace the +same, and auctoryse such as haue honesty. I wyl not blot my boke with +their names, because they be resident. But as for this fletinge +Fellowshyp, I haue truly setforth the most part of them that be doers at +this present, with their names that they be knowene by. Also, I haue +placed in the end therof their leud language, calling the same pedlers +French or Canting. And now shal I end my prologue, makinge true +declaration (right honorable Lady) as they shal fall in order of their +vntymelye tryfelinge time, leud lyfe, and pernitious practises, trusting +that the same shall neyther trouble or abash your most tender, tymerous, +and pytifull Nature, to thinke the smal mede should growe vnto you for +such Almes so geuen. For god, our marcifull and most louing father, well +knoweth your hartes and good intent,--the geuer neuer wanteth his +reward, according to the sayinge of Saynt Augustyn: as there is (neyther +shalbe) any synne vnpunished, euen so shall there not be eny good dede +vnrewarded. But how comfortably speaketh Christ our Sauiour vnto vs in +his gospel ("geue ye, and it shalbe geuen you againe"): behold farther, +good Madam, that for a cup of colde water, Christ hath promised a good +reward. Now saynt Austen properly declareth why Christ speaketh of colde +water, because the poorest man that is shall not excuse him selfe from +that cherytable warke, least he would, parauenture, saye that he hath +neyther wood, pot, nor pan to warme any water with. Se, farther, what +god speaketh in the mouth of his prophet, Esaye, "breake thy bread to +him that is a hongred;" he sayth not geue him a hole lofe, for +paraduenture the poore man hath it not to geue, then let him geue a +pece. This much is sayd because the poore that hath it should not be +excused: now how much more then the riche? Thus you se, good + + madam, for your treasure here dispersed, where nede and lacke + is, it shalbe heaped vp aboundantly for you in heauen, + where neither rust or moth shall corupt or destroy + the same. Vnto which tryumphant place, after + many good, happy, and fortunat yeres prosperouslye + here dispended. you maye for + euer and euer there most ioyfully + remayne. A men. + + [P][P] _FINIS_ + + + + + Thre things to be noted all in their kynde + A staff, a beesom, and wyth, that wyll wynde + +[Illustration] + + [P] A beesome of byrche, for babes very feete,[52] + A longe lastinge lybbet for loubbers as meete + A wyth to wynde vp, that these wyll not keepe + Bynde all up in one, and vse it to sweepe + +[Illustration] + +[This page is printed at the back of the title page in Bodley edition.] + + + + +[Header: HARMAN. TO THE READER.] + +[P] THE EPISTLE TO THE READER. *[leaf 5]* + +AL though, good Reader, I wright in plain termes--and not so playnly as +truely--concerning the matter, meaning honestly to all men, and wyshe +them as much good as to myne owne harte; yet, as there hathe bene, so +there is nowe, and hereafter wylbe, curyous heds to finde fauttes: +wherefore I thought it necessary, now at this seconde Impression, to +acquaynt _th_e with a great faulte, as some takethe it, but none[53] as +I meane it, callinge these Vagabonds Cursetors in the intytelynge of my +booke, as runneres or rangers aboute the countrey, deriued of this Laten +word (_Curro_): neither do I wryght it Cooresetores, with a duble[54] +oo; or Cowresetors, with a w, which hath an other singnification: is +there no deuersite betwen a gardein and a garden, maynteynaunce _and_ +maintenance, Streytes and stretes? those that haue vnderstanding knowe +there is a great dyfference: who is so ignorant by these dayes as +knoweth not the meaning of a vagabone? and yf an ydell leuterar should +be so called of eny man, would not he thi_n_k it bothe odyous and +reprochefull? wyll he not shonne the name? ye, and where as he maye and +dare, w_i_t_h_ bent browes, wyll reueng that name of Ingnomy: yet this +playne name vagabone is deryued, as others be, of Laten wordes, and now +vse makes it commen to al men; but let vs loke back four .C. yeres +sithens, _and_ let vs se whether this playn word vagabon was vsed or no. +I beleue not, and why? because I rede of no such name in the old +estatutes of this realme, vnles it be in the margente of the booke, or +in the Table, which in the collection and pryntinge was set in; but +these were then the co_m_men names of these leud leuterars, Faytores, +Robardesmen, Drawlatches, _and_ valyant beggares. Yf I should haue vsed +suche wordes, or the same order of wryting, as this realme vsed in Kynge +Henry the thyrd or Edward _th_e fyrstes tyme, oh, what a grose, +barberous fellow *[leaf 5, back]* haue we here! his wryting is both +homely and darke, that wee had nede to haue an interpretar: yet then it +was verye well, and in short season a great change we see. well, this +delycat age shall haue his tyme on the other syde. Eloquence haue I +none; I neuer was acquaynted with the muses; I neuer tasted of Helycon. +But accordinge to my playne order, I haue setforth this worke, symplye +and truelye, with such vsual words and termes as is among vs wel known +and frequented. So that as _th_e prouerbe saythe, "all though truth be +blamed, it shal neuer be shamed." well, good reader, I meane not to be +tedyous vnto the, but haue added fyue or sixe more tales, because some +of them weare donn whyle my booke was fyrste in the presse; and as I +truste I haue deserued no rebuke for my good wyll, euen so I desyre no +prayse for my payne, cost, and trauell. But faithfullye for the proffyt +and benyfyt of my countrey I haue don it, that the whole body of the +Realme may se and vnderstand their leud lyfe and pernitious practisses, +that all maye spedelye helpe to amend that is amysse. Amen saye all with +me. + +Finis + + +[Header: HARMAN. A RUFFLER.] + +[P] A RUFFLER. Ca. 1.[55] *[leaf 6]* + +THE Rufflar, because he is first in degre of this odious order: And is +so called in a statute made for the punishment of Vacabonds, In the +xxvij. yeare of Kyng Henry the eight, late of most famous memory: Hee +shall be first placed, as the worthiest of this vnruly rablement. And he +is so called when he goeth first abroad; eyther he hath serued in the +warres, or els he hath bene a seruinge man; and, weary of well doing, +shakinge of all payne, doth chuse him this ydle lyfe, and wretchedly +wanders aboute the most shyres of this realme. And with stout +audacyte,[56] demaundeth where he thinketh hee maye be bolde, and +circomspecte ynough, as he sethe cause to aske charitie, rufully and +lamentably, that it would make a flyntey hart to relent, and pytie his +miserable estate, howe he hath bene maymed and broused in the warres; +_and_, parauenture, some wyll shew you some outward wounde, whiche he +gotte at some dronken fraye, eyther haltinge of some preuye wounde +festred with a fylthy firy flankard. For be well assured that the +hardist souldiers be eyther slayne or maymed, eyther and[57] they escape +all hassardes, and retourne home agayne, if they bee without reliefe of +their friends, they wyl surely desperatly robbe and steale, and[58] +eyther shortlye be hanged or miserably dye in pryson; for they be so +much ashamed and disdayne to beg or aske charity, that rather they wyll +as desperatlye fight for to lyue and mayntayne them selues, as manfully +and valyantly they ventred them selues in the Prynces quarell. Now these +Rufflars, the out castes of seruing men, when begginge or crauinge +fayles, then they pycke and pylfer, from other inferiour beggeres that +they meete by the waye, as Roages, Pallyardes, Mortes, and Doxes. Yea, +if they meete with a woman alone ridinge to the market, eyther olde man +or boye, that hee well knoweth wyll not resiste, such they filche and +spoyle. These rufflars, after a yeare or two at the farthest, become +vpryght men, vnlesse they be preuented by twind hempe. + + {I had of late yeares an old man to my tennant, who customably + {a greate tyme went twise in the weeke to London, eyther + +wyth fruite or with pescodes, when tyme serued therefore. And as he was +comminge homewarde on blacke heathe, at the end thereof next to shotars +hyl, he ouer tooke two rufflars, the one manerly wayting on the other, +as one had ben the maister, _and_ the other the man or seruant, *[leaf +6, back]* caryinge his maisteres cloke. this olde man was verye glad +that hee might haue their company ouer the hyl, because that day he had +made a good market; for hee had seuen shyllinges in his purse, and a +nolde angell, which this poore man had thought had not bene in his +purse, for hee wylled his wyfe ouer night to take out the same angell, +and laye it vp vntyll his comminge home agayne. And he verely thought +that his wyfe had so don, whiche in dede for got to do it. Thus after +salutations had, this maister rufflar entered into co_m_munication with +this simple olde man, who, ridinge softlye beside them, commoned of many +matters. Thus fedinge this old man with pleasaunt talke, vntyll they +weare one the toppe of the hyll, where these rufflares might well +beholde the coaste about them cleare, Quiclye stepes vnto this poore +man, and taketh holde of his horse brydell, and leadeth him in to the +wode, and demaundeth of him what and how much money he had in his purse. +"Now, by my troth," quoth this old man; "you are a merrye gentle man. I +knowe you meane not to take a waye anye thinge from me, but rather to +geue me some if I shoulde aske it of you." By and by, this seruant +thiefe casteth the cloke that he caried on his arme about this poore +mans face, that he should not marke or vew them, with sharpe words to +delyuer quicly that he had, and to confesse truly what was in his purse. +This poore man, then all abashed, yelded, and confessed that he had but +iust seuen shyllinges in his purse; and the trouth is he knew of no +more. This old angell was falen out of a lytle purse into the botome of +a great purse. Now, this seuen shyllings in whyte money they quickly +founde, thinkinge in dede that there had bene no more; yet farther +groping and searchinge, found this old angell. And with great +admiration, this gentleman thyefe begane to blesse hym, sayinge, "good +lorde, what a worlde is this! howe maye" (quoth hee) "a man beleue or +truste in the same? se you not" (quoth he) "this old knaue tolde me that +he had but seuen shyllings, and here is more by an angell: what an old +knaue and a false knaue haue we here!" quoth this rufflar; "oure lorde +haue mercy on vs, wyll this worlde neuer be better?"--and there with +went their waye. And lefte the olde man in the wood, doinge him no more +harme. But sorowfully sighinge, this olde man, returning home, declared +his misaduenture, with all the words and circumstaunces aboue shewed. +Wherat, for the tyme was great laughing, and this poore man for his +losses among his louing neighboures well considered in the end. + +[Header: HARMAN. A VPRIGHT MAN.] + +[P] A VPRIGHT MAN. Ca. 2. + +*[leaf 7]* A Vpright[59] man, the second in secte of this vnsemely +sorte, must be next placed, of these rainginge rablement of rascales; +some be seruing men, artificers, and laboryng men traded vp in +husbandry. These not mindinge to get their lyuinge with the swete of +their face, but casting of all payne, wyll wander, after their wycked +maner, through the most shyres of this realm,-- + + {As Sommerset shyre, Wylshire, Barke shyre, Oxforde shyre, + {Harfordeshyre, Myddilsex, Essex, Suffolke, Northfolke, Sussex, + +Surrye, and Kent, as the cheyfe and best shyres of reliefe. Yea, not +with out punishment by stockes, whyppinges, and imprisonment, in most of +these places aboue sayde. Yet, not with standinge they haue so good +lykinge in their lewed, lecherous loyteringe, that full quiclye all +their punishmentes is[60] for gotten. And repentaunce is neuer thought +vpon vntyll they clyme three tres with a ladder. These vnrewly rascales, +in their roylynge, disperse them selues into seuerall companyes, as +occation serueth, sometyme more and somtyme lesse. As, if they repayre +to a poore husbandmans house, hee wyll go a lone, or one with him, and +stoutely demaund his charytie, eyther shewing how he hath serued in the +warres, and their maymed, eyther that he sekethe seruice, and saythe +that he woulde be glad to take payne for hys lyuinge, althoughe he +meaneth nothinge lesse. Yf he be offered any meate or drynke, he +vtterlye refusethe scornefully, and wyll nought but money; and yf he +espye yong pyges or pultry, he well noteth the place, and they the next +night, or shortly after, hee wyll be sure to haue some of them, whyche +they brynge to their stawlinge kens, which is their typplyng houses, as +well knowen to them, according to the olde prouerbe, "as the begger +knowes his dishe." For you must vnderstand, euery Typplyng ale house +wyll neyther receiue them or their wares, but some certayne houses in +euery shyre, especially for that purpose, where they shalbe better +welcome to them then honester men. For by such haue they most gayne, and +shalbe conuayde eyther into some loft out of the waye, or other secret +corner not commen to any other; and thether repayre, at accustomed +tymes, their harlots, whiche they terme Mortes and Doxes,--not with emty +hands; for they be as skilfull in picking, riffling, _and_ filching as +the vpright men, and nothing inferior to them in all kind of wyckednes, +as in other places hereafter they shalbe touched. At these foresayde +peltinge, peuish places and vnmannerly metinges, O! how the pottes walke +about! their talki_n_g tounges talke at large. They bowle and bowse one +to another, and for the tyme bousing belly chere. And after there +ruysting recreation, *[leaf 7, back]* yf there be not rome ynough in the +house, they haue cleane strawe in some barne or backehouse nere +adioyning, where they couch comly to gether, and[61] it were dogge and +byche; and he that is hardyste maye haue his choyse, vnlesse for a lytle +good maner; some wyll take there owne that they haue made promyse vnto, +vntyll they be out of sight, and then, according to the old adage, "out +of minde." Yet these vpright men stand so much vpon their reputation, as +they wyl in no case haue their wemen walke with them, but seperat them +selues for a tyme, a moneth or more. And mete at fayres, or great +markets, where they mete to pylfer and steale from staules, shoppes, or +bothes. At these fayres the vpryght men vse commonly to lye _and_ lingar +in hye wayes by lanes, some prety way or distaunce from _th_e place, by +which wayes they be assured that compeny passeth styll two and fro. And +ther they[62] wyll demaund, with cap in hand and comly curtesy, the +deuotion and charity of _th_e people. They haue ben much lately whipped +at fayrs. Yf they aske at a stout yemans or farmars house his charity, +they wyll goe strong as thre or foure in a company. Where for feare more +then good wyll, they often haue reliefe. they syldome or neuer passe by +a Iustices house, but haue by wayes, vnlesse he dwell alone, and but +weakely manned; thether wyll they also go strong, after a slye, suttle +sorte, as with their armes bounde vp with kercher or lyste, hauinge +wrapte about the same filthy clothes, either their legges in such maner +bewrapped halting down right. Not vnprouided of good codg[e]ls, which +they cary to sustayne them, and, as they fayne, to keepe gogges[63] from +them, when they come to such good gentlemens houses. Yf any searche be +made or they suspected for pylfring clothes of hedgges, or breaking of +houses, which they commonly do when the owners bee eyther at the market, +church, or other wayes occupyed aboute their busines,--eyther robbe some +sely man or woman by the hye waye, as many tymes they do,--Then they +hygh them into wodes, great thickets, and other ruffe corners, where +they lye lurkinge thre or foure dayes to gether, and haue meate and +drinke brought them by theyre Mortes, and Doxes; and whyle they thus lye +hydden in couert, in the night they be not idle,--nether, as _th_e +common saying is, "well occupyed;" for then, as the wyly foxe, crepinge +out of his den, seketh his praye for pultery, so do these for lynnen and +any thinge els worth money, that lyeth about or near a house. As somtyme +a whole bucke of clothes caryed awaye at a tyme. When they haue a +greatter booty then they maye cary awaye quickly to their stawling +kendes, as is aboue sayd, They wyll hyde the same for a thre dayes in +some thicke couert, and *[leaf 8]* in the night time carye the same, +lyke good water Spanlles, to their foresayd houses. To whom they wyll +discouer where or in what places they had the same, where the markes +shalbe pycked out cleane, _and_ conuayed craftely fare of, to sell. If +the man or woman of the house want money the_m_ selues. [64]If these +vpright men haue nether money nor wares, at these houses they shalbe +trusted for their vitales, and it amount to twentye or thirty shyllings. +Yea, if it fortune any of these vpright men to be taken, either +suspected, or charged with fellony or petye brybrye, don at such a tyme +or such a place, he wyll saye he was in his hostes house. And if the man +or wyfe of that house be examined by an officer, they boldelye vouche, +that the[y] lodged him suche a tyme, whereby the truth cannot appeare. +And if they chaunce to be retained into seruice, through their +lamentable words, with any welthy man, They wyll tary but a smale tyme, +either robbing his maister or som of his fellowes. And some of them +vseth this polocye, that although they trauayle into al these shyres, +aboue said, yet wyl they haue good credite, espiciallye in one shyre, +where at diuers good farmars houses they be wel knowen, where they worke +a moneth in a place or more, and wyll for that time behaue them selues +very honestly _and_ paynfully; And maye at any tyme, for their good +vsage, haue worke of them; and to these at a ded lyft, or last refuge, +they maye safely repayre vnto and be welcom, When in other places, for a +knacke of knauery that they haue playd, thei dare not tary. These +vyright men wil sildom or neuer want; for what is gotten by anye Mort, +or Doxe, if it please him, hee doth comaunde the same. And if he mete +any begger, whether he be sturdye or impotent, he wyll demaund of him, +whether euer he was stalled to the roge or no. If he saye he was, he +wyll know of whom, and his name _tha_t stalled hym. And if he be not +learnedly able to shewe him the whole circumstaunce thereof, he wyll +spoyle him of his money, either of his best garment, if it be worth any +money, and haue him to the bowsing ken, Which is to some typpling house +next adioyninge; and laieth their to gage the best thing that he hath +for twenty pence or two shyllinges: this man obeyeth for feare of +beating. Then doth this vpright man call for a gage of bowse, whiche is +a quarte pot of drinke, and powres the same vpon his peld pate, adding +these words:--"I. G. P. do stalle thee W. T. to the Roge, and that from +hence forth it shall be lawefull for the to Cant"--that is, to aske or +begge--"for thy liuing in al places." Here you se _tha_t the vpright man +is of great auctorite. For all sortes of beggers are obedient to his +hests, and surmounteth all others in pylfring and stealinge. [P] I lately +had standinge in my *[leaf 8, back]* well house, which standeth on the +backeside of my house, a great cawdron of copper, beinge then full of +water, hauinge in the same halfe a doson of pewter dyshes, well marked, +and stamped w_i_t_h_ the connizance of my armes, whiche being well noted +when they were taken out, were set a side, the water powred out, and my +caudren taken awaye, being of such bygnes that one man, vnlesse he were +of great strength, was not able far to cary the same. Not withstandinge, +the same was one night within this two yeares conuayed more then half a +myle from my house, into a commen or heth, And ther bestowed in a great +firbushe. I then immediatly the next day sent one of my men to London, +and there gaue warning in Sothwarke, kent strete, and Barmesey streete, +to all the Tynckars there dwelling,--That if any such Caudron came +thether to be sold, the bringar therof should be stayed, and promised +twenty shyllings for a reward. I gaue also intelligence to the water men +that kept the ferres, that no such vessel should be ether conuayd to +London or into essex, promysing the lyke reward, to haue vnderstanding +therof. This my doing was well vnderstand in many places about, and that +the feare of espyinge so troubled _th_e conscience of the stealer, that +my caudoren laye vntouched in the thicke firbushe more then halfe a +yeare after, which, by a great chaunce, was found by hunteres for +conneys; for one chaunced to runne into the same bushe where my caudren +was, and being perceaued, one thrust his staffe into the same bushe, and +hyt my caudren a great blowe, the sound whereof dyd cause the man to +thinke and hope that there was some great treasure hidden, wherby he +thought to be the better whyle he lyued. And in farther searching he +found my caudren; so had I the same agayne vnloked for. + +[Header: HARMAN. A HOKER, OR ANGGLEAR.] + +[P] A HOKER, OR ANGGLEAR. Cap. 3. + +THese hokers, or Angglers, be peryllous and most wicked knaues, and be +deryued or procede forth from the vpright men; they commenly go in frese +ierkynes and gally slopes, poynted benethe the kne; these when they +practise there pylfringe, it is all by night; for, as they walke a day +times from house to house, to demaund charite, they vigelantly marke +where or in what place they maye attayne to there praye, casting there +eyes vp to euery wyndow, well noting what they se their, whether +apparell or linnen, hanginge nere vnto the sayde wyndowes, and that wyll +they be sure to haue _th_e next night folowing; [Header: HARMAN. A +HOKER. A ROGE.] for they customably carry with them a staffe of v. or +vi. foote long, in which, within one ynch of _th_e tope therof, ys a +lytle hole bored through, *[leaf 9]* in which hole they putte an yron +hoke, and with the same they wyll pluck vnto them quickly any thing +_tha_t they may reche ther with, which hoke in the day tyme they +couertly cary about them, and is neuer sene or taken out till they come +to the place where they worke there fete: such haue I sene at my house, +and haue oft talked with them and haue handled ther staues, not then +vnderstanding to what vse or inte_n_t they serued, although I hadde and +perceiued, by there talke and behauiour, great lykelyhode of euyll +suspition in them: they wyl ether leane vppon there staffe, to hyde the +hole thereof, when they talke with you, or holde their hande vpon the +hole; and what stuffe, either wollen or lynnen, they thus hoke out, they +neuer carye the same forth with to their staulyng kens, but hides the +same a iij. daies in some secret corner, _and_ after conuayes the same +to their houses abouesaid, where their host or hostys geueth them money +for the same, but halfe the value that it is worth, or els their doxes +shall a farre of sell the same at the like houses. I was credebly +informed that a hoker came to a farmers house in the ded of the night, +and putting back a drawe window of a low cha_m_ber, the bed standing +hard by the sayd wyndow, in which laye three parsones (a man and two +bygge boyes), this hoker with his staffe plucked of their garme_n_ts +which lay vpon them to kepe them warme, with the couerlet and shete, and +lefte them lying a slepe naked sauing there shertes, and had a way all +clene, and neuer could vnderstande where it became. I verely suppose +that when they wer wel waked with cold, they suerly thought that Robin +goodfelow (accordinge to the old saying) had bene with them that night. + +[Header: HARMAN. A ROGE.] + +[P] A ROGE. Cap. 4. + +A Roge is neither so stoute or hardy as the vpright man. Many of them +will go fayntly and looke piteously when they see, either meete any +person, hauing a kercher, as white as my shooes, tyed about their head, +with a short staffe in their hand, haltinge, although they nede not, +requiring almes of such as they meete, or to what house they shal com. +But you may easely perceiue by their colour _tha_t thei cary both health +and hipocrisie about them, wherby they get gaine, when others want that +cannot fayne and dissemble. Others therebee that walke sturdely about +_th_e cou_n_trey, _and_ faineth to seke a brother or kinsman of his, +dwelling within som part of _th_e shire;--ether that he hath a letter to +deliuer to som honest housholder, dwelling out of an other Shyre, and +will shewe you the same fayre sealed, with the superscription to *[leaf +9, back]* the partye he speaketh of, because you shall not thinke him to +runne idelly about the countrey;--either haue they this shyfte, they +wyll cary a cirtificate or pasport about them from som Iusticer of the +peace, with his hand and seale vnto the same, howe hee hath bene whipped +and punished for a vacabonde according to the lawes of this realme, and +that he muste returne to .T., where he was borne or last dwelt, by a +certayne daye lymited in the same, whiche shalbe a good longe daye. And +all this fayned, bycause without feare they woulde wyckedly wander, and +wyll renue the same where or when it pleasethe them; for they haue of +their affinity that can wryte and read. These also wyll picke and steale +as the vpright men, and hath their women and metinges at places +apoynted, and nothinge to them inferiour in all kynde of knauery. There +bee of these Roges Curtales, wearinge shorte clokes, that wyll chaunge +their aparell, as occation seruethe. And their end is eyther hanginge, +whiche they call trininge in their language, or die miserably of the +pockes. + +[P] There was not long sithens two Roges that alwaies did associate them +selues together, _and_ would neuer seperat them selues, vnles it were +for some especiall causes, for they were sworn brothers, _and_ were both +of one age, and much like of favour: these two, trauelinge into east +kent, resorted vnto an ale house there,[65] being weried with traueling, +saluting with short curtisey, when they came into the house, such as +thei sawe sitting there, in whiche company was the parson of the parish; +and callinge for a pot of the best ale, sat downe at the tables ende: +the lykor liked them so well, that they had pot vpon pot, and sometyme, +for a lytle good maner, would drinke and offer the cup to such as they +best fancied; and to be short, they sat out al the company, for eche +man departed home aboute their busines. When they had well refreshed +them selues, then these rowsy roges requested the good man of the house +wyth his wyfe to sit downe and drinke with them, of whome they inquired +what priest the same was, and where he dwelt: then they fayninge that +they had an vncle a priest, and that he should dwel in these partes, +which by all presumptions it should be he, and that they came of purpose +to speake with hym, but because they had not sene hym sithens they were +sixe yeares olde, they durst not be bold to take acquayntance of him +vntyl they were farther instructed of the truth, and began to inquier of +his name, and how longe he had dwelt there, and how farre his house was +of from _th_e place they were in: the good wyfe of the house, thynkinge +them honest men without disceit, because they so farre enquyred of their +kinseman, was but of a good zelous naturall intent, shewed them +cherefully that hee *[leaf 10]* was an honest man _and_ welbeloued in +the parish, and of good welth, _and_ had ben there resident xv. years at +the least; "but," saith she, "are you both brothers?" "yea, surely," +said they, "we haue bene both in one belly, _and_ were twinnes." "Mercy, +god!" q_uoth_ this folish woman; "it may wel be, for ye be not much +vnlike,"--and wente vnto her hall windowe, callinge these yong men vnto +her, and loking out therat,[66] pointed with her fingar _and_ shewed +them the house standing alone, no house nere the same by almoste a +quarter of a myle; "that," sayd[67] she, "is your vncles house." "Nay," +saith one of them, "he is not onely my vncle, but also my godfather." +"It may well be," q_uoth_ she, "nature wyll bind him to be the better +vnto you." "Well," q_uoth_ they, "we be weary, and meane not to trouble +our vncle to-night; but to-morowe, god willinge, we wyll see him and do +our duty: but, I pray you, doth our vncle occupy husbandry? what company +hath he in his house." "Alas!" saith she, "but one old woman _and_ a +boy, he hath no occupying at al: tushe," q_uoth_ this good wyfe, "you be +mad men; go to him this night, for hee hath better lodging for you then +I haue, _and_ yet I speake folishly against my[68] own profit, for by +your taring[69] here I should gaine _th_e more by you." "Now, by my +troth," q_uoth_ one of them, "we thanke you, good hostes, for your +holsome councell, and we meane to do as you wyll vs: we wyl pause a +whyle, and by that tyme it wylbe almost night; _and_ I praye you geue vs +a reckeninge,"--so, manerly paying for that they toke, bad their hoste +and hostes farewell with takinge leaue of the cup, marched merelye out +of the dores towardes this parsones house, vewed the same well rounde +about, and passed by two bowshotes of into a younge wodde, where they +laye consultinge what they shoulde do vntyll midnight. Quoth one of +them, of sharper wyt and subtyller then the other, to hys fellowe, "thou +seest that this house is stone walled about, and that we cannot well +breake in, in any parte thereof; thou seest also that the windowes be +thicke of mullions, that ther is no kreping in betwene: wherefore we +must of necessytie vse some policye when strength wil not serue. I haue +a horse locke here about me," saith he; "and this I hope shall serue +oure turne." So when it was aboute xii. of the clocke, they came to the +house and lurked nere vnto his chamber wyndowe: the dog of the house +barked a good, that with they[70] noise, this priest waketh out of his +sleepe, and began to cough and hem: then one of these roges stepes forth +nerer the window _and_ maketh a ruful _and_ pityful noise, requiring for +Christ sake[71] some reliefe, that was both hongry and thirstye, and was +like to ly with out the dores all nighte and starue for colde, vnles he +were releued by him with some small pece of money. "Where dwellest +thou?" quoth this parson. "Alas! sir," saithe this roge, "I haue smal +*[leaf 10, back]* dwelling, and haue com out of my way; and I should +now," saith he, "go to any towne nowe at this time of night, they woulde +set me in the stockes and punishe me." "Well," quoth this pitifull +parson, "away from my house, either lye in some of my out houses vntyll +the morning, and holde, here is a couple of pence for thee." "A god +rewarde you," quoth this roge; "and in heauen may you finde it." The +parson openeth his wyndowe, and thrusteth out his arme to geue his almes +to this Roge that came whining to receiue it, and quickly taketh holde +of his hand, and calleth his fellowe to him, whiche was redye at hande +with the horse locke, and clappeth the same about the wrest of his arme, +that the mullions standing so close together for strength, that for his +life he could not plucke in his arme againe, and made him beleue, vnles +he would at the least geue them .iii. li., they woulde smite of his arme +from the body. So that this poore parson, in feare to lose his hand, +called vp his olde woman that lay in the loft ouer him, and wylled her +to take out all the money he had, which was iiij. markes, which he saide +was all the money in his house, for he had lent vi. li. to one of his +neighbours not iiij daies before. "Wel," q_uoth_ they, "master parson, +if you haue no more, vpon this condicion we wil take of the locke, that +you will drinke .xij. pence for our sakes to-morow at the alehouse wher +we found you, and thank the good wife for the good chere she made vs." +He promised faithfully that he would so do; so they toke of the locke, +and went their way so farre ere it was daye, that the parson coulde +neuer haue any vnderstanding more of them. Now this parson, sorowfully +slumbering that night betwene feare and hope, thought it was but folly +to make two sorrowes of one; he vsed contentacion for his remedy, not +forgetting in the morning to performe his promise, but went betims to +his neighbour that kept tiplinge, and asked angerly where the same two +men were that dranke with her yester daye. "Which two men?" q_uoth_ this +good wife. "The straungers that came in when I was at your house wyth my +neighbores yesterday." "What! your neuewes?" q_uoth_ she, "My neuewes?" +q_uoth_ this parson; "I trowe thou art mad." "Nay, by god!" q_uoth_ this +good[72] wife, "as sober as you; for they tolde me faithfully that you +were their vncle: but, in fayth, are you not so in dede? for, by my +trouth, they are strau[n]gers to me. I neuer saw them before." "O, out +vpon them!" q_uoth_ the parson; "they be false theues, and this night +thei compelled me to geue them al the money in my house." "Benedicite!" +q_uoth_ this good wife, "_and_ haue they so in dede? as I shall aunswere +before god, one of them told me besides that you were godfather to him, +and that he trusted to haue your blessinge before he departed." "What! +did he?" quoth this parson; "a halter blesse him for *[leaf 11]* me!" +"Me thinketh, by the masse, by your countenance you loked so wildly when +you came in," quoth this good wife, "that somthing was amis." "I vse not +to gest," quoth this parson, "when I speake so earnestly." "Why, all +your sorrowes goe with it," quoth this good wife, "and sitte downe here, +and I will fil a freshe pot of ale shall make you mery agayne." "Yea," +saith this parson, "fill in, _and_ geue me some meat; for they made me +sweare and promise them faithfully that I shoulde drinke xii. pence with +you this day." "What! dyd they?" quoth she; "now, by the mary masse, +they be mery knaues. I warraunt you they meane to bye no land with your +money; but how could they come into you in the night, your dores being +shut fast? your house is very stronge." Then this prason[73] shewed her +all the hole circumstance, how he gaue them his almes oute at the +wyndowe, they[74] made such lamentable crye that it pytied him at the +hart; for he sawe but one when he put oute his hand at the wyndowe. "Be +ruled by me," quoth this good wyfe. "Wherin?" quoth this parson. "By my +troth, neuer speake more of it: when they shal vnderstand of it in the +parish, they wyll but laugh you to skorne." [75]"Why, then," quoth this +parson, "the deuyll goe with it,"--and their an end.[75] + +[Header: HARMAN. A WYLDE ROGE.] + +[P] A WYLDE ROGE. Cap. 5. + +A Wilde Roge is he that is borne a Roge: he is a more subtil and more +geuen by nature to all kinde of knauery then the other, as beastely +begotten in barne or bushes, and from his infancye traded vp in +trechery; yea, and before ripenes of yeares doth permyt, wallowinge in +lewde lechery, but that is counted amongest them no sin. For this is +their custome, that when they mete in barne at night, euery one getteth +a make[76] to lye wythall, _and_ their chaunce to be twentye in a +companye, as their is sometyme more and sometyme lesse: for to one man +that goeth abroad, there are at the least two women, which neuer make it +straunge when they be called, although she neuer knewe him before. Then +when the day doth appeare, he rouses him vp, and shakes his eares, and +awaye wanderinge where he may gette oughte to the hurte of others. Yet +before he skyppeth oute of hys couche and departeth from his darling, if +he like her well, he will apoint her where to mete shortlye after, with +a warninge to worke warely for some chetes, that their meting might be +the merier. + +[P] Not long sithens, a wild roge chau_n_ced to mete a pore neighbour of +mine, who for honesty _and_ good natur surmou_n_teth many. This poore +man, riding homeward from London, where he had made his market, this +*[leaf 11, back]* roge demaunded a peny for gods sake, to kepe him a +true man. This simple man, beholding him wel, and sawe he was of taule +personage with a good quarter staffe in his hand, it much pitied him, as +he sayd, to se him want; for he was well able to serue his prince in the +wars. Thus, being moued with pytie, and[77] loked in his pursse to finde +out a penye; and in loking for the same, he plucked oute viii. +shyllinges in whyte money, and raked therin to finde a single peny; and +at the last findinge one, doth offer the same to this wylde roge: but +he, seinge so much mony in this simple mans hand, being striken to the +hart with a couetous desire, bid him forth wyth delyuer al that he had, +or els he woulde with his staffe beat out his braynes. For it was not a +penye would now quench his thirst, [78]seing so much as he dyd[78]: +thus, swallowinge his spittell gredely downe, spoyled this poore man of +al _th_e money that he had, and lept ouer the hedge into a thicke wode, +and went his waye as merely as this good simple man came home +sorowfully. I once rebuking a wyld roge because he went idelly about, he +shewed me that he was a begger by enheritance--his Grandfather was a +begger, his father was one, and he must nedes be one by good reason. + +[Header: HARMAN. A PRYGGER OF PRAUNCERS.] + +[P] A PRYGGER OF PRAUNCERS. Cap. 6. + +A Prigger of Prauncers be horse stealers; for to prigge signifieth in +their language to steale, _and_ a Prauncer is a horse: so beinge put +together, the matter is[79] playne. These go commonly in Ierkins of +leatherr, or of white frese, _and_ carry litle wands in their hands, and +will walke through grounds and pastures, to search and se horses meete +for their purpose. And if thei chau_n_ce to be met and asked by the +owners of the grounde what they make there, they fayne strayghte that +they haue loste their waye, and desyre to be enstructed the beste waye +to such a place. These will also repayre to gentlemens houses and aske +their charitye, and wyll offer their seruice. And if you aske them what +they can do, they wyll saye that they can kepe two or thre Geldinges, +and waite vppon a Gentleman. These haue also their women, that walkinge +from them in other places, marke where and what they see abroade, and +sheweth these Priggars therof when they meete, which is with in a weeke +or two. And loke, where they steale any thinge, they conuay _th_e same +at the least thre score miles of or more. + +[P] There was a Gentleman, a verye friende of myne, rydyng from London +homewarde into Kente, hauinge with in three myles of his house +busynesse, alyghted of his horse, and his man also, in a pretye *[leaf +12]* vyllage, where diueres houses were, and looked about hym where he +myghte haue a conuenient person to walke his horse, because hee would +speake w_i_t_h_ a Farmer that dwelt on the backe side of the sayde +village, lytle aboue a quarter of a myle from the place where he +lighted, and had his man to waight vpon him, as it was mete for his +callinge: espying a Pryggar there standing, thinking the same to dwell +there, charging this prity prigginge person to walke his horse well, and +that they might not stande styll for takyng of colde, and at his returne +(which he saide should not be longe) he would geue hym a peny to drinke, +and so wente aboute his busines. This peltynge Priggar, proude of his +praye, walkethe his horse[80] vp and downe tyll he sawe the Gentleman +out of sighte, and leapes him into the saddell, and awaye he goeth a +mayne. This Gentleman returninge, and findinge not his horses, sent his +man to the one end of the vyllage, and he went himselfe vnto the other +ende, and enquired as he went for his horses that were walked, and began +some what to suspecte, because neither he nor his man could se nor find +him. Then this Gentleman deligentlye enquired of thre or foure towne +dwellers there whether any such person, declaring his stature,[81] age, +apparell, with so many linaments of his body as he could call to +remembraunce. And, "vna voce," all sayde that no such man dwelt in their +streate, neither in the parish, that they knewe of; but some did wel +remember that such a one they saw there lyrkinge and huggeringe two +houres before the Gentleman came thether, and a straunger to them. "I +had thoughte," quoth this Gentleman, "he had here dwelled,"--and marched +home manerly in his botes: farre from the place he dwelt not. I suppose +at his comming home he sente suche wayes as he suspected or thought +meete to searche for this Prigger, but hetherto he neuer harde any +tydinges agayne of his palfreys.--I had the best geldinge stolen oute of +my pasture that I had amongst others whyle this boke was first a +printinge. + +[Header: HARMAN. A PALLYARD.] + +[P] A PALLYARD. Cap. 7. + +THese Palliardes be called also Clapperdogens: these go with patched +clokes, _and_ haue their Morts with them, which they cal wiues; and if +he goe to one house, to aske his almes, his wife shall goe to a nother: +for what they get (as bread, cheese, malte, and woll) they sell the same +for redy money; for so they get more and if they went together. Although +they be thus[82] deuided in the daie, yet they mete iompe at night. Yf +they chaunce to come to some gentylmans house standinge *[leaf 12, +back]* a lone, and be demaunded whether they be man and wyfe, _and_ if +he perceaue that any doubteth thereof, he sheweth them a Testimonial +with the ministers name, and others of the same parishe (naminge a +parishe in some shere fare distant from the place where he sheweth the +same). This writing he carieth to salue that sore. Ther be many Irishe +men that goe about with cou_n_terfeate licenses; and if they perceiue +you wil straytly examen them, they will immediatly saye they can speake +no Englishe. + +[P] Farther, vnderstand for trouth that the worst and wickedst of all this +beastly generation are scarse comparable to these prating Pallyardes. +All for _th_e most parte of these wil either lay to their legs an herb +called Sperewort, eyther Arsnicke, which is called Ratesbane. The nature +of this Spereworte wyll rayse a great blister in a night vpon the +soundest part of his body; and if the same be taken away, it wyl dry vp +againe and no harme. But this Arsnicke will so poyson the same legge or +sore, that it will euer after be incurable: this do they for gaine and +to be pitied. The most of these that walke about be Walchmen. + +[Header: HARMAN. A FRATER.] + +[P] A FRATER. Cap. 8. + +SOme of these Fraters will cary blacke boxes at their gyrdel, wher in +they haue a briefe of the Queenes maiesties letters patentes, geuen to +suche[83] poore spitlehouse for the reliefe of _th_e poore there, whiche +briefe is a coppie of the letters patentes, _and_ vtterly fained, if it +be in paper or in[84] parchment without the great seale. Also, if the +same brief be in printe,[85] it is also of auctoritie. For the Printers +wil see _and_ wel vndersta_n_d, before it come in presse, that the same +is lawfull. Also, I am credibly informed that the chiefe Proctors of +manye of these houses, that seldome trauel abroad the_m_ selues, but +haue their factors to gather for the_m_, which looke very slenderly to +the impotent and miserable creatures committed to their charge, _and_ +die for want of cherishing; wheras they _and_ their wiues are wel +cra_m_med _and_ clothed, _and_ will haue of the best. And the founders +of euery such house, or the chiefe of the parishe wher they be, woulde +better see vnto these Proctors, that they might do their duty, they +should be wel spoken of here, and in the world to come abou_n_dantly +therefore rewarded. I had of late an honest man, and of good wealthe, +repayred to my house to common wyth me aboute certeyne affaires. I +inuited the same to dinner, and dinner beinge done, I demaunded of hym +some newes of these[86] parties were hee dwelte. "Thankes be to God, +syr," (saith he); "all is well _and_ good now." "Now!" (quoth I) "this +same 'nowe' *[leaf 13]* declareth _tha_t some things of late hath not +bene wel." "Yes, syr," (q_uoth_ he) "the[87] matter is not great. I had +thought I should haue bene wel beaten within this seuenth night." "How +so?" (quoth I). "Mary, syr," sayd he, "I am Counstable for fault of a +better, and was commaunded by the Iusticer to watch. The watch being +set, I toke an honest man, one of my neighbors, with me, and went vp to +the ende of the towne as far as the spittle house, at which house I +heard a great noyse, and, drawing nere, stode close vnder the wall, and +this was at one of the clocke after midnight. Where he harde swearinge, +pratinge, and wagers laying, and the pot apase walkinge, and xl. pence +gaged vpon a matche of wrastling, pitching of the barre, and casting of +the sledge. And out they goe, in a fustian fume, into the backe syde, +where was a great Axiltrye,[88] and there fell to pitching of the barre, +being thre to thre. The Moone dyd shine bright, the Counstable with his +neighboure myght see and beholde all that was done. And howe the wyfe of +the house was rostinge of a Pyg, whyle her gestes were in their matche. +At the laste they coulde not agree vpon a caste, and fell at wordes, and +from wordes to blowes. The Counstable with his[89] fellowe runnes vnto +them, to parte them, and in the partinge lyckes a drye blowe or two. +Then the noyse increased; the Counstable woulde haue had them to[90] the +stockes. The wyfe of the house runnes out with her goodman to intreat +the Counstable for her gestes, and leaues the Pyg at the fyre alone. In +commeth two or three of the next neighboures, beinge waked wyth this +noise, and into the house they come, and fynde none therein, but the +Pygge well rosted, and carieth the same awaye wyth them, spyte and all, +with suche breade and drinke also as stoode vpon the table. When the +goodman and the goodwyfe of the house hadde intreated and pacified the +Counstable, shewinge vnto him that they were Proctors and Factores all +of Spyttell houses, and that they taryed there but to breake theyr fast, +and woulde ryde awaye immediatelye after, for they had farre to goe, and +therefore mente to ryde so earlye. And comminge into their house agayne, +fyndinge the Pygge wyth bread and drincke all gonne, made a greate +exclamation, for they knewe not who had the same. + +[P] The Counstable returning and hearinge the lamentable wordes of the +good wyfe, howe she had lost both meate and drinke, and sawe it was so +in deede, hee laughed in his sleue, and commaunded her to dresse no more +at vnlawfull houres for any gestes. For hee thought it better bestowed +vppon those smell feastes his poore neighboures then vppon suche +sturdye Lubbares. The nexte mornynge betymes the *[leaf 13, back]* +spitte and pottes were sette at the Spittle house doore for the owner. +Thus were these Factours begyled of theyr breakefast, and one of them +hadde well beaten an other; "And, by my trouth," (quoth thys Counstable) +"I was gladde when I was well ryd of them." "Why," quoth I, "coulde +the[y] caste the barre and sledge well?" "I wyll tell you, syr," (quoth +hee) "you knowe there hath bene manye games this Sommer. I thinke +verely, that if some of these Lubbars had bene there, and practysed +amongest others, I beleue they woulde haue carryed awaye the beste +games. For they were so stronge and sturdye, that I was not able to +stande in their handes." "Well" (quoth I) "at these games you speake of, +both legges and armes bee tryed." "Yea," quoth this offycer, "they bee +wycked men. I haue seene some of them sithens wyth cloutes bounde aboute +theyr legges, and haltynge wyth their staffe in their handes. Wherefore +some of theym, by GOD, bee nought all." + +[Header: HARMAN. A ABRAHAM MAN.] + +[P] A ABRAHAM MAN. Cap. 9. + +THese Abrahom men be those that fayne themselues to haue beene mad, and +haue bene kept eyther in Bethelem or in some other pryson a good tyme, +_and_ not one amongst twenty that euer came in pryson for any such +cause: yet wyll they saye howe pitiously and most extreamely they haue +bene beaten, and dealt with all. Some of these be merye and verye +pleasant, they wyll daunce and sing; some others be as colde and +reasonable to talke wyth all. These begge money; eyther when they come +at Farmours howses they wyll demaunde Baken, eyther cheese, or wooll, or +any thinge that is worthe money. And if they espye small company within, +they wyll with fierce countenau_n_ce demau_n_d some what. Where for +feare the maydes wyll geue theym largely to be ryd of theym. + + {[P] If they maye conuenyently come by any cheate, they wyl + {picke and steale, as the v[p]right man or Roge, poultrey or + +lynnen. And all wemen that wander bee at their commaundemente. Of all +that euer I saw of this kynde, one naminge him selfe Stradlynge is the +craftiest and moste dyssemblyngest Knaue. Hee is able wyth hys tounge +and vsage to deceaue and abuse the wysest man that is. And surely for +the proporcion of his body, with euery member there vnto appertayninge, +it cannot be a mended. But as the prouerbe is "God hath done his part." +Thys Stradlyng sayth he was the Lord Sturtons man; and when he was +executed, for very pensiuenes of mynde, *[leaf 14]* he fell out of his +wytte, and so continued a yeare after and more; and that with the very +greefe and feare, he was taken wyth a marueilous palsey, that both head +and handes wyll shake when he talketh, with anye and that a pase or +fast, where by he is much pytied, and getteth greately. And if I had not +demaunded of others, bothe men and women, that commonly walketh as he +doth, and knowen by them his deepe dissimylation, I neuer hadde +vnderstand the same. And thus I end wyth these kynde of vacabondes. + +[Header: HARMAN. A WHIPIACKE.] + +[P] A FRESHE WATER MARINER OR WHIPIACKE. Cap. 10. + +THese Freshwater Mariners, their shipes were drowned in the playne of +Salisbery. These kynde of Caterpillers counterfet great losses on the +sea; these bee some Western men, and most bee Irishe men. These wyll +runne about the countrey wyth a counterfet lycence, fayninge either +shypwracke, or spoyled by Pyrates, neare the coaste of Cornwall or +Deuonshyre, and set a lande at some hauen towne there, hauynge a large +and formall wrytinge, as is aboue sayd, with the names and seales of +suche men of worshyppe, at the leaste foure or fiue, as dwelleth neare +or next to the place where they fayne their landinge. And neare to those +shieres wyll they not begge, vntyll they come into Wylshyre, Hamshyre, +Barkeshyre, Oxfordshyre, Harfordshyre, Middelsex, and so[91] to London, +and downe by the ryuer to seeke for their shyppe and goods that they +neuer hade: then passe they through Surrey, Sossex, by the sea costes, +and so into Kent, demaunding almes to bring them home to their country. + +[P] Some tyme they counterfet the seale of the Admiraltie. I haue diuers +tymes taken a waye from them their lycences, of both sortes, wyth suche +money as they haue gathered, and haue confiscated the same to the +pouerty nigh adioyninge to me. And they wyll not beelonge with out +another. For at anye good towne they wyll renewe the same. Once wyth +muche threatninge and faire promises, I required to knowe of one +companye who made their lycence. And they sweare that they bought the +same at Portsmouth, of a Mariner there, and it cost them[92] two +shillinges; with such warrantes to be so good and efectuall, that if any +of the best men of lawe, or learned, aboute London, should peruse the +same, they weare able to fynde no faute there with, but would assuredly +allow the same. + + +[Header: HARMAN. N. BLUNT, N. GENYNGES.] + +*[leaf 14, back]*[93] + +[Illustration: =A vpright man= + =Nicolas Blunt= + + {=The co[=u]terfet Cranke= + {=Nicolas Genynges=] + + These two pyctures, lyuely set out, + One bodye and soule, god send him more grace. + This mounstrous desembelar, a Cranke all about. + Vncomly couetinge, of eche to imbrace, + Money or wares, as he made his race. + And sometyme a marynar, and a saruinge man, + Or els an artificer, as he would fayne than. + Such shyftes he vsed, beinge well tryed, + A bandoninge labour, tyll he was espyed. + Conding punishment, for his dissimulation, + He sewerly receaued with much declination.[94] + + +[Header: HARMAN. A COUNTERFET CRANKE.] + +*[leaf 15]* [P] A COUNTERFET CRANKE. Cap. 11. + +THese that do counterfet the Cranke be yong knaues and yonge harlots, +that depely dissemble the falling sicknes. For the Cranke in their +language is the falling euyll. I haue seene some of these with fayre +writinges testimoniall, with the names and seales of some men of worshyp +in Shropshyre, and in other Shieres farre of, that I haue well knowne, +and haue taken the same from them. Many of these do go without +writinges, and wyll go halfe naked, and looke most pitiously. And if any +clothes be geuen them, the[y][95] immediatly sell the same, for weare it +they wyll not, because they would bee the more pitied, and weare fylthy +clothes on their heades, and neuer go without a peece of whyte sope +about them, which, if they see cause or present gaine, they wyll priuely +conuey the same into their mouth, and so worke the same there, that they +wyll fome as it were a Boore, _and_ maruelously for a tyme torment them +selues; and thus deceiue they the common people, and gayne much. These +haue commonly their harlots as the other. + +Apon Alhollenday in the morning last Anno domini. 1566, or my[96] booke +was halfe printed, I meane the first impression, there came earely in +the morninge a Counterfet Cranke vnder my lodgynge at the whyte Fryares, +wythin the cloyster, in a lyttle yard or coorte, where aboutes laye two +or thre great Ladyes, beyng without the lyberties of London, where by he +hoped for the greatter gayne; this Cranke there lamentably lamentinge +and pitefully crying to be releued, declared to dyuers their hys +paynfull and miserable dysease. I being rysen and not halfe ready, harde +his dolfull wordes and rufull mornings, hering him name the falling +sicknes, thought assuredlye to my selfe that hee was a depe desemblar; +so, comminge out at a sodayne, and beholdinge his vgly and yrksome +attyre, hys lothsome and horyble countinance, it made me in a meruelous +parplexite what to thinke of hym, whether it were fayned or trouth,--for +after this manner went he: he was naked from the wast vpward, sauyng he +had a old Ierken[97] of leather patched, and that was lose[98] about +hym, that all his bodye laye out bare; a filthy foule cloth he ware on +his head, being cut for the purpose, hauing a narowe place to put out +his face, with a bauer made to trusse vp his beard, and a stryng that +tyed the same downe close aboute his necke; with an olde felt hat which +he styll caried in his hande to receaue the charytye and deuotion of the +people, for that woulde he hold out from hym; hauyng hys face, from the +eyes downe ward, all smerd with freshe bloud, *[leaf 15, back]* as +thoughe he had new falen, and byn tormented wyth his paynefull +panges,--his Ierken beinge all be rayde with durte and myre, and hys +hatte and hosen also, as thoughe hee hadde wallowed in the myre: sewerly +the sighte was monstrous and terreble. I called hym vnto me, and +demaunded of hym what he ayled. "A, good maister," quoth he, "I haue the +greuous and paynefull dyseas called the falynge syckenes." "Why," quoth +I, "howe commeth thy Ierken, hose, and hat so be rayd with durte and +myre, and thy skyn also?" "A, good master, I fell downe on the backesyde +here in the fowle lane harde by the watersyde; and there I laye all most +all night, and haue bled all most all the bloude owte in my bodye." It +raynde that morninge very fast; and whyle I was thus talkinge with hym, +a honest poore woman that dwelt thereby brought hym a fayre lynnen +cloth, and byd hym wype his face therewyth; and there beinge a tobbe +standing full of rayne water, offered to geue hym some in a dishe that +he might make hym selfe cleane: hee refuseth[99] the same. "Why dost +thou so?" quoth I. "A, syr," sayth he, "yf I shoulde washe my selfe, I +shoulde fall to bleedinge a freshe againe, and then I should not stop my +selfe:" these wordes made me the more to suspecte hym. + +Then I asked of hym where he was borne, what is name was, how longe he +had this dysease, and what tyme he had ben here about London, and in +what place. "Syr," saythe he, "I was borne at Leycestar, my name is +Nycholas Genings,[100] and I haue had this falling sycknes viij. yeares, +and I can get no remedy for the same; for I haue it by kinde, my father +had it and my friendes before me; and I haue byne these two yeares here +about London, and a yeare and a halfe in bethelem." "Why, wast thou out +of thy wyttes?" quoth I. "Ye, syr, that I was." + +"What is the Kepars name of the house?" "Hys name is," quoth hee, "Iohn +Smith." "Then," quoth I, "hee must vnderstande of thy dysease; yf thou +hadest the same for the tyme thou wast there, he knoweth it well." "Ye, +not onely he, but all the house bee syde," quoth this Cranke; "for I +came thens but within this fortnight." I had stande so longe reasoning +the matter wyth him that I was a cold, and went into my chamber and made +me ready, and commaunded my seruant to repayre to bethelem, and bringe +me true worde from the keper there whether anye suche man hath byn with +him as a prisoner hauinge the dysease aforesayd, and gaue hym a note of +his name and the kepars also: my seruant, retorninge to my lodginge, dyd +assure me that neither was there euer anye such man there, nether yet +anye keper of any suche name; but hee that was there keper, he sent me +hys name in writing, afferming that hee letteth no man depart from hym +vnlesse he be fet a waye by *[leaf 16]* hys freendes, and that none that +came from hym beggeth aboute the Citye. Then I sent for the Printar of +this booke, and shewed hym of this dyssembling Cranke, and how I had +sent to Bethelem to vnderstand the trouth[101], and what aunsweare I +receaued againe, requiringe hym that I might haue some seruant of his to +watche him faithfully that daye, that I might vnder stand trustely to +what place he woulde repaire at night vnto, and thether I promised to +goe my selfe to see their order, and that I woulde haue hym to associate +me thether: hee gladly graunted to my request, and sent two boyes, that +both diligently and vygelantly accomplisht the charge geuen them, and +found the same Cranke aboute the Temple, where about the most parte of +the daye hee begged, vnlesse it weare about xii. of the clocke he went +on the backesyde of Clementes Ine without Temple barre: there is a lane +that goeth into the Feldes; there hee renewed his face againe wyth +freshe bloud, which he caried about hym in a bladder, and dawbed on +freshe dyrte vpon his Ierken, hat, and hoson. + +[P] And so came backe agayne vnto the Temple, and sometyme to the +Watersyde, and begged of all that passed bye: the boyes behelde howe +some gaue grotes, some syxe pens, some gaue more; for hee looked so +ougleie and yrksomlye, that euerye one pytied his miserable case that +beehelde hym. To bee shorte, there he passed all the daye tyll night +approched; and when it began to bee some what dark, he went to the water +syde and toke a Skoller,[102] and was sette ouer the Water into Saincte +Georges feldes, contrarye to my expectatian; for I had thought he woulde +haue gonne into Holborne or to Saynt Gylles in the felde; but these +boyes, with Argues and Lynces eyes, set sewre watche vppon him, and the +one tooke a bote and followed him, and the other went backe to tell his +maister. + +The boye that so folowed hym by Water, had no money to pay for his Bote +hyre, but layde his Penner and his Ynkhorne to gage for a penny; and by +that tyme the boye was sette ouer, his Maister, wyth all celeryte, hadde +taken a Bote and followed hym apase: now hadde they styll a syght of the +Cranke, wych crossed ouer the felddes towardes Newyngton, and thether he +went, and by that tyme they came thether it was very darke: the Prynter +hadde there no acquaintance, nether any kynde of weapon about hym, +nether knewe he[103] how farre the Cranke woulde goe, becawse hee then +suspected that they dogged hym of purposse; he there stayed hym, and +called for the Counstable, whyche came forthe dylygentelye to inquyre +what the matter was: thys zelous Pryntar charged thys offycer *[leaf 16, +back]* wyth hym as a malefactor and a dessemblinge vagabonde--the +Counstable woulde haue layde him all night in the Cage that stode in the +streate. "Naye," saythe this pitifull Prynter, "I praye you haue him +into your house; for this is lyke to be a cold nyght, and he is naked: +you kepe a vytellinge house; let him be well cherished this night, for +he is well hable to paye for the same. I knowe well his gaynes hath byn +great to day, and your house is a sufficient pryson for the tyme, and we +wil there serche hym. The Counstable agreed there vnto: they had him in, +and caused him to washe him selfe: that donne, they demaunded what money +he had about hym. Sayth this Cranke, "So God helpe me, I haue but xii. +pence," and plucked oute the same of a lytle pursse. "Why, haue you no +more?" quoth they. "No," sayth this Cranke, "as God shall saue my soule +at the day of iudgement." "We must se more," quoth they, and began to +stryp hym. Then he plucked out a nother purse, wherin was xl. pens. +"Toushe," sayth[104] thys Prynter, "I must see more." Saythe this +Cranke, "I pray God I bee dampned both body[105] and soule yf I haue +anye more." "No," sayth thys Prynter, "thou false knaue, here is my boye +that dyd watche thee all this daye, and sawe when such men gaue the +peeses of sixe pens, grotes, and other money; and yet thou hast shewed +vs none but small money." When thys Cranke hard this, and the boye +vowinge it to his face, he relented, and plucked out another pursse, +where in was eyght shyllings and od money; so had they in the hole +_that_ he had begged that day xiij. shillings iii. [106]pens +halfepeny[106]. Then they strypt him starke naked, and as many as sawe +him sayd they neuer sawe hansommer man, wyth a yellowe flexen +beard[107], and fayre skynned, withoute anye spot or greffe. Then the +good wyfe of the house fet her goodmans[108] olde clocke, _and_ caused +the same to be cast about him, because the sight shoulde not abash her +shamefast maydens, nether loth her squaymysh sight. + + {Thus he set[109] downe at the Chemnes end, and called for a + {potte of Beere, and dranke of a quarte at a draft, and + +called for another, and so the thyrde, that one had bene sufficient for +any resonable man, the Drynke was so stronge.[110] I my selfe, the next +morninge, tasted thereof; but let the reader iudge what and howe much he +would haue dronke and he had bene out of feare. Then when they had thus +wrong water out of a flint in spoyli_n_g him of his euyl gotten goods, +his passing pens[111], _and_ fleting trashe, The printer with this +offecer were in gealy gealowsit[112], and deuised to search a barne for +some roges and vpright men, a quarter of a myle from the house, that +stode a lone in the fieldes, and wente out about their busines, leauing +this cranke alone with his wyfe and maydens: this crafty Cra_n_ke, +espying al gon, requested _the_ good wife that *[leaf 17]* hee might goe +out on the backesyde to make water, and to exonerate his paunche: she +bad hym drawe the lache of the dore and goe out, neither thinkinge or +mistrusting he would haue gon awaye naked; but, to conclude, when hee +was out, he cast awaye the cloke, and, as naked as euer he was borne, he +ran away, [113]that he could[114] neuer be hard of [115]againe.[113] +Now[115] the next morning betimes, I went vnto Newington, to +vndersta_n_d what was done, because I had word or it was day that there +my printer was; and at my comming thether, I hard the hole +circumstaunce, as I aboue haue wrytten; and I, seing the matter so fall +out, tooke order with the chiefe of the parish that this xiij. shyllings +_and_ iij. [116]pens halfpeny[116] might the next daye be equally +distributed, by their good discrecions, to the pouertie of the same +parishe,[117] and so it was done. + +[Header: HARMAN. A DOMMERAR.] + +[P] A DOMMERAR. Cap. 12. + +THese Dommerars are leud and most subtyll people: the moste part of +these are Walch men, and wyll neuer speake, vnlesse they haue extreame +punishment, but wyll gape, and with a maruelous force wyll hold downe +their toungs doubled, groning for your charyty, and holding vp their +handes full pitiously, so that with their deepe dissimulation they get +very much. There are of these many, _and_ but one that I vnderstand of +hath lost his toung in dede. Hauing on a time occasion to ride to +Dartforde, to speake with a priest there, who maketh all kinde of +conserues very well, and vseth stilling of waters; And repayringe to his +house, I founde a Dommerar at his doore, and the priest him selfe +perusinge his[118] lycence, vnder the seales and hands of certayne +worshypfull men, had[119] thought the same to be good and effectuall. I +taking the same writing, and reading it ouer, and noting the seales, +founde one of the seales like vnto a seale that I had aboute me, which +seale I bought besides Charing crosse, that I was out of doubte it was +none of those Gentlemens seales that had sub[s]cribed. And hauing +vnderstanding before of their peuish practises, made me to conceaue that +all was forged and nought. I made the more hast home; for well I wyst +that he would and must of force passe through the parysh where I dwelt; +for there was no other waye for hym. And comminge homewarde, I found +them in the towne, accordinge to my expectation, where they were staid; +for there was a Pallyarde associate with the Dommerar and partaker of +his gaynes, whyche Pallyarde I sawe not at Dartford. The stayers of them +was a gentleman called[120] _Chayne_, and a seruant of my Lord Keepers, +cald _Wostestowe_, which was *[leaf 17, back]* the chiefe causer of the +staying of them, being a Surgien, _and_ cunning in his science, had +seene the lyke practises, and, as he sayde, hadde caused one to speake +afore that was dome[121]. It was my chaunce to come at the begynning of +the matter. "Syr," (quoth this Surgien) "I am bold here to vtter some +part of my cunning. I trust" (quoth he) "you shall se a myracle wrought +anon. For I once" (quoth he) "made a dumme man to speake." Quoth I, "you +are wel met, and somwhat you haue preuented me; for I had thought to +haue done no lesse or they hadde passed this towne. For I well knowe +their writing is fayned, and they depe dissemblers." The Surgien made +hym gape, _and_ we could see but halfe a toung. I required the Surgien +to put hys fynger in his mouth, _and_ to pull out his toung, and so he +dyd, not withstanding he held strongly a prety whyle; at the length he +pluckt out the same, to the great admiration of many that stode by. Yet +when we sawe his tounge, hee would neither speake nor yet could heare. +Quoth I to the Surgien, "knit two of his fyngers to gether, and thrust a +stycke betwene them, and rubbe the same vp and downe a lytle whyle, and +for my lyfe hee speaketh by and by." "Sir," quoth this Surgien, "I praye +you let me practise and[122] other waye." I was well contented to see +the same. He had him into a house, and tyed a halter aboute the wrestes +of his handes, and hoysed him vp ouer a beame, and there dyd let him +hang a good while: at _th_e length, for very paine he required for Gods +sake to let him down. So he that was both deafe and dume coulde in short +tyme both heare and speake. Then I tooke that money I could find in his +pursse, and distributed the same to the poore people dwelling there, +whiche was xv. pence halfepeny, being all that we coulde finde. That +done, and this merry myracle madly made, I sent them with my seruaunt to +the next Iusticer, where they preached on the Pyllery for want of a +Pulpet, and were well whypped, and none dyd bewayle them. + +[Header: HARMAN. A PRYGGE.] + +[P] A DRONKEN TINCKAR. Cap. 13. + +THese dronken Tynckers, called also Prygges, be beastly people, _and_ +these yong knaues be _th_e wurst. These neuer go w_i_t_h_ out their +Doxes, and yf their women haue anye thing about them, as apparell or +lynnen, that is worth the selling, they laye the same to gage, or sell +it out right, for bene bowse at their bowsing ken. And full sone wyll +they bee wearye of them, and haue a newe. When they happen one woorke at +any good house, their Doxes lynger alofe, and tarry for them in some +corner; and yf he taryeth longe from her, then she knoweth *[leaf 18]* +he hath worke, and walketh neare, and sitteth downe by him. For besydes +money, he looketh for meate and drinke for doinge his dame pleasure. For +yf she haue three or foure holes in a pan, hee wyll make as many more +for spedy gaine. And if he se any old ketle, chafer, or pewter dish +abroad in the yard where he worketh, hee quicklye snappeth the same vp, +and in to the booget it goeth round. Thus they lyue with deceite. + + {[P] I was crediblye informed, by such as could well tell, that + {one of these tipling Tinckers w_i_t_h_ his dogge robbed by the + +high way iiij. Pallyards and two Roges, six persons together, and tooke +from them aboue foure pound in ready money, _and_ hide him after in a +thicke woode a daye or two, and so escaped vntaken. Thus with picking +and stealing, mingled with a lytle worke for a coulour, they passe their +time. + +[Header: HARMAN. A SWADDER. A IARKEMAN AND A PATRICO.] + +[P] A SWADDER, OR PEDLER. Cap. 14. + +THese Swadders and Pedlers bee not all euyll, but of an indifferent +behauiour. These stand in great awe of the vpright men, for they haue +often both wares and money of them. But for as much as they seeke gayne +vnlawfully against the lawes and statutes of this noble realme, they are +well worthy to be registred among the number of vacabonds; and +vndoubtedly I haue hadde some of them brought before me, when I was in +commission of the peace, as malefactors, for bryberinge and stealinge. +And nowe of late it is a greate practes of the vpright man, when he hath +gotten a botye, to bestowe the same vpon a packefull of wares, and so +goeth a time for his pleasure, because he would lyue with out suspition. + +[P] A IARKE MAN, AND A PATRICO. Cap. 15. + +FOR as much as these two names, a Iarkeman and a Patrico, bee in the old +briefe of vacabonds, and set forth as two kyndes of euil doers, you +shall vnderstande that a Iarkeman hathe his name of a Iarke, which is a +seale in their Language, as one should make writinges and set seales for +lycences and pasporte[123]. And for trouth there is none that goeth +aboute the countrey of them that can eyther wryte so good and fayre a +hand, either indite so learnedly, as I haue sene _and_ handeled a number +of them: but haue the same made in good townes where they come, as what +can not be hadde for money, as the prouerbe sayth ("_Omnia venalia +Rome_"), and manye hath confessed the same to me. *[leaf 18, back]* Now, +also, there is a Patrico, and not a Patriarcho[124], whiche in their +language is a priest that should make mariages tyll death dyd depart; +but they haue none such, I am well assured; for I put you out of doubt +that not one amo[n]gest a hundreth of them are maried, for they take +lechery for no sinne, but naturall fellowshyp and good lyking loue: so +that I wyll not blot my boke with these two that be not. + +[Header: HARMAN. A DEMAUNDER FOR GLYMMAR.] + +[P] A DEMAUNDER FOR GLYMMAR. Cap. 16. + +THese Demaunders for glymmar be for the moste parte wemen; for glymmar, +in their language, is fyre. These goe with fayned[125] lycences and +counterfayted wrytings, hauing the hands and seales of suche gentlemen +as dwelleth nere to the place where they fayne them selues to haue bene +burnt, and their goods consumed with fyre. They wyll most +lamentable[126] demaunde your charitie, _and_ wyll quicklye shed salte +teares, they be so tender harted. They wyll neuer begge in that Shiere +where their losses (as they say) was. Some of these goe with slates at +their backes, which is a sheete to lye in a nightes. The vpright men be +very familiare with these kynde of wemen, and one of them helpes an +other. + +[P] A Demaunder for glymmar came vnto a good towne in Kente, to aske the +charitie of the people, hauinge a fayned lycens aboute her that declared +her misfortune by fyre, donne in Somerset shyre, walkinge with a wallet +on her shoulders, where in shee put the deuotion of suche as hadde no +money to geue her; that is to saye, Malte, woll, baken, bread, and +cheese; and alwayes, as the same was full, so was it redye money to her, +when she emptyed the same, where so euer shee trauelede: thys harlot +was, as they terme it, snowte fayre, and had an vpright man or two +alwayes attendinge on her watche (whyche is on her parson), and yet so +circumspecte, that they woulde neuer bee seene in her company in any +good towne, vnlesse it were in smale vyllages where typling houses +weare, eyther trauelinge to gether by the hygh wayes; but _th_e troth +is, by report, she would wekely be worth vi. or seuen shyllinges with +her begging and bycherye. This glimmering Morte, repayringe to an Ine in +_th_e sayde towne where dwelt a wydow of fyftie wynter olde of good +welth; but she had an vnthryftye sonne, whom she vsed as a chamberlaine +to attend gestes when they repared to her house: this amerous man, be +holdinge with ardante eyes thys[127] glymmeringe glauncer, was +presentlye pyteouslye persed to the hart, and lewdlye longed to bee +clothed vnder her lyuerye; and bestowinge *[leaf 19]* a fewe fonde +wordes with her, vnderstode strayte that she woulde be easlye perswaded +to lykinge lechery, and as a man mased, mused howe to attayne to his +purpose, for[128] he hadde no money. Yet consideringe wyth hym selfe +that wares woulde bee welcome where money wanted, hee went with a +wannion to his mothers chamber, and there sekinge aboute for odde endes, +at length founde a lytle whystell of syluer that his mother dyd vse +customablye to weare on, and had forgot the same for haste that +morninge, and offeres the same closely to this manerly marian, that yf +she would mete hym on the backesyde of the towne and curteously kys him +with out constraynt, she shoulde bee mystres thereof, and it weare much +better. "Well," sayth she, "you are a wanton;" and beholdinge the +whystell, was farther in loue there with then rauysht wyth his person, +and agred to mete him presently, and to accomplyshe his fonde fancy:--to +be short, and not tedyous, a quarter of a myle from the towne, he merely +toke measure of her vnder a bawdye bushe; so she gaue hym that she had +not, and he receiued that he coulde not; and taking leue of eche other +with a curteous kysse, she plesantly passed forth one her iornaye, _and_ +this vntoward lycorous chamberlayne repayred home warde. But or these +two tortylles tooke there leue, the good wyfe myssed her whystell, and +sent one of her maydenes in to her chamber for the same, and being long +sawght for, none coulde be founde; her mystres hering that, diligent +search was made for the same; and that it was taken awaye, began to +suspecte her vnblessed babe, and demaunded of her maydens whether none +of them sawe her sonne in her chamber that morning, and one of them +aunswered that she sawe him not there, but comming from thens: then had +she ynough, for well she wyste that he had the same, and sent for him, +but he could not be founde. Then she caused her hosteler, in whome she +had better affyaunce in for his trouth,--and yet not one amongst twenty +of them but haue well left there honesty, (As I here a great sorte +saye)--to come vnto her, whiche attended to knowe her pleasure. "Goe, +seke out," saythe she, "my vntowarde sonne, and byd hym come speake with +me." "I sawe him go out," saythe he, "halfe an houre sithens one the +backesyde. I hadde thought you hadde sent him of your arrante." "I sent +him not," quoth she; "goe, loke him out." + +[P] This hollowe hosteler toke his staffe in his necke, and trodged out +apase that waye he sawe him before go, and had some vnderstanding, by +one of the maydens, that his mistres had her whistell stolen _and_ +suspected her sonne; and he had not gone farre but that he espyed him +comming homeward alone, and, meting him, axed where he had ben. *[leaf +19, back]* "Where haue I bene?" q_uoth_ he, and began to smyle. "Now, by +the mas, thou hast bene at some baudy banquet." "Thou hast euen tolde +trouth," q_uoth_ thys chamberlayne. "Sewerly," q_uoth_ this hosteler, +"thou haddest the same woman that begged at our house to day, for _th_e +harmes she had by fyre: where is she?" q_uoth_ he. "She is almost a myle +by this tyme," q_uoth_ this chamberlayne. "Where is my mystres +whystell?" quoth this hosteler; "for I am well assured that thou haddest +it, and I feare me thou hast geuen it to that harlot." "Why! is it +myssed?" _quoth_ this chamberlayne. "Yea," q_uoth_ this hosteler, and +shewed him all the hole circumstaunce, what was both sayde and thought +on him for the thing. "Well, I wyl tell the," quoth this Chamberlayne. +"I wylbe playne with the. I had it in dede, and haue geue_n_ the same to +this woman, and I praye the make the best of it, and helpe nowe to +excuse the matter, and yet surely and thou wouldest take so much payne +for me as to ouer take her, (for she goeth but softly, and is not yet +farre of) and take the same from her, and I am euer thyne assured +freende." "Why, then, go with me," quoth this hostler. "Nay, in faythe," +quoth this Chamberlayne; "what is frear then gift? and I hadde prety +pastime for the same." "Hadest thou so?" quoth this hosteler; "nowe, by +the masse, and I wyll haue some to, or I wyll lye in the duste or I come +agayne." Passing with hast to ouer take this paramoure, within a myle +fro_m_ _th_e place where he departed he ouertoke her, hauing an vpright +man in her company, a stronge and a sturdye vacabond: some what amased +was this hosteler to se one familiarly in her company, for he had well +hopped to haue had some delycate dalyance, as his fellowe hadde; but, +seinge the matter so fallout, and being of good corage, and thinking to +him selfe that one true man was better then two false knaues, and being +on the high way, thought vpon helpe, if nede had bene, by such as had +passed to and fro, Demaunded fersely the whistell that she had euyn nowe +of his fellowe. "Why, husband," quoth she, "can you suffer this wretche +to slaunder your wyfe?" "A vaunt verlet," quoth this vpright man, and +letes dryue with all his force at this hosteler, and after halfe[129] a +dosen blowes, he strycks his staffe out of his hande, and as this +hosteler stept backe to haue taken vp his staffe agayne, his glymmeringe +Morte flinges a great stone at him, and strake him one the heade that +downe hee fales, wyth the bloud about his eares, and whyle hee laye this +amased, the vpright man snatches awaye his pursse, where in hee hadde +money of his mystresses as well as of his owne, and there let him lye, +and went a waye with spede that they were neuer harde of more. When this +drye beaten hosteler was come to him selfe, hee fayntlye wandereth home, +and crepethe in to hys couche, and restes *[leaf 20]* his ydle heade: +his mystres harde that hee was come in, and layde him downe on his +beade, repayred straight vnto him, and aske hym what he ayled, and what +the cause was of his so sudden lying one his bed. "What is the cause?" +quoth this hosteler; "your whystell, your whistel,"--speaking the same +pyteouslye thre or foure tymes. "Why, fole," quoth his mystrisse, "take +no care for that, for I doe not greatly waye it; it was worth but three +shyllinges foure pens." "I would it had bene burnt for foure yeares +agon." "I praye the why so," quoth his mystres; "I think thou art mad." +"Nay, not yet," quoth this hosteler, "but I haue bene madly handlyd." +"Why, what is the matter?" quoth his mystres, and was more desirous to +know the case. "_And_ you wyl for geue my fellowe and me, I wyll shewe +you, or els I wyll neuer doe it." Shee made hym presently faithfull +promisse that shee woulde. "Then," saythe hee, "sende for your sonne +home agayne, whyche is ashamed to loke you in the face." "I agre there +to," sayth shee "Well, then," quoth this hosteler, "youre sonne hathe +geuen the same Morte that begged here, for the burninge of her house, a +whystell, and you haue geuen her v. shyllinges in money, and I haue +geuen her ten shyllinges of my owne." "Why, howe so?" quoth she. Then he +sadly shewed her of his myshap, with all the circumstaunce that you haue +harde before, and howe hys pursse was taken awaye, and xv. shyllinges in +the same, where of v. shyllinges was her money and x. shyllinges his +owne money. "Is this true?" quoth his mystres. "I, by my trouth," quoth +this hosteler, "and nothing greues me so much, neyther my beating, +neither the losse of my money, as doth my euell _and_ wreched lucke." +"Why, what is the matter?" quoth his mystres. "Your sonne," saythe this +hosteler, "had some chere and pastyme for that whystell, for he laye +with her, and I haue bene well beaten, and haue had my pursse taken from +me, and you knowe your sonne is merrye and pleasaunt, and can kepe no +great councell; and then shall I bemocked _and_ loughed to skorne in all +places when they shall here howe I haue bene serued." "Nowe, out vpon +you knaues both," quoth his mystres, and laughes oute the matter; for +she well sawe it would not other wyse preuayle. + +[Header: HARMAN. A BAWDY BASKET.] + +[P] A BAWDY BASKET. Cap. 17. + +THese Bawdy baskets be also wemen, and go with baskets and Capcases on +their armes, where in they haue laces, pynnes, nedles, white ynkell, and +round sylke gyrdles of al coulours. These wyl bye co_n_neyski_n_s,[130] +_and_ steale line_n_ clothes of on hedges. And for their trifles they +wil procure of mayden seruaunts, whe_n_ *[leaf 20, back]* their mystres +or dame is oute of the waye, either some good peece of beefe, baken, or +cheese, that shalbe worth xij. pens, for ii. pens of their toyes. And as +they walke by the waye, they often gaine some money wyth their +instrument, by such as they sodaynely mete withall. The vpright men haue +good acquayntance with these, and will helpe and relieue them when they +want. Thus they trade their lyues in lewed lothsome lechery. Amongest +them all is but one honest woman, and she is of good yeares; her name is +Ione Messenger. I haue had good proofe of her, as I haue learned by the +true report of diuers. + + {There came to my gate the last sommer, Anno Domini .1566, + {a very miserable man, and much deformed, as burnt in the + +face, blere eyde, and lame of one of his legges that he went with a +crouche. I axed him wher he was borne, and where he dwelt last, and +shewed him that thether he must repaire and be releued, and not to range +aboute the countrey; and seing some cause of cherytie, I caused him to +haue meate and drinke, and when he had dronke, I demaunded of him +whether he was neuer spoyled of the vpright man or Roge. "Yes, that I +haue," quoth he, "and not this seuen yeres, for so long I haue gon +abroad, I had not so much taken from me, and so euyll handeled, as I was +w_i_th_i_n these iiij. dayes." "Why, how so?" quoth I. "In good fayth, +sir," quoth hee, "I chaunced to meete with one of these bawdy baskets +which had an vpright man in her company, and as I would haue passed +quietly by her, 'man,' sayth she vnto vnto her make, 'do you not se this +ylfauored, windshake_n_ knaue?' 'Yes,' quoth the vpright man; 'what saye +you to him?' 'this knaue[131] oweth me ii. shyllings for wares that[132] +he had of me, halfe a yere a go, I think it well.' Sayth this vpright +man, 'syra,' sayth he, 'paye your dets.' Sayth this poore man, 'I owe +her none, nether dyd I euer bargane with her for any thinge, and as +this[133] aduysed I neuer sawe her before in all my lyfe.' 'Mercy, god!' +quoth she, 'what a lyinge knaue is this, and he wil not paye you, +husband, beat him suerly,' and the vpright man gaue me thre or foure +blowes on my backe and shoulders, and would haue beat me worsse and I +had not geuen hym all the money in my pursse, and in good fayth, for +very feare, I was fayne to geue him xiiij. pens, which was all the money +that I had. 'Why,' sayth this bawdy basket, 'hast thou no more? then +thou owest me ten pens styll; and, be well assured that I wyll bee payde +the next tyme I meete with thee.' And so they let me passe by them. I +praye god saue and blesse me, and al other in my case, from such wycked +persons," quoth this poore man. "Why, whether went they then?" quoth I. +"Into east Kent, for I mete with them on thyssyde of Rochester. I haue +dyuers tymes bene attemted, but I neuer loste *[leaf 21]* much before. +I thanke god, there came styll company by a fore this vnhappy time." +"Well," quoth I, "thanke God of all, and repaire home into thy natyue +countrey." + +[Header: HARMAN. A AUTEM MORT. A WALKING MORT.] + +[P] A AUTEM MORT. Cap. 18. + +THese Autem Mortes be maried wemen, as there be but a fewe. For Autem in +their Language is a Churche; so she is a wyfe maried at the Church, and +they be as chaste as a Cowe I haue, _tha_t goeth to Bull euery moone, +with what Bull she careth not. These walke most times from their +husbands companye a moneth and more to gether, being asociate with +another as honest as her selfe. These wyll pylfar clothes of hedges: +some of them go with children of ten or xii. yeares of age; yf tyme and +place serue for their purpose, they wyll send them into some house, at +the window, to steale and robbe, which they call in their language, +Milling of the ken; and wil go w_i_t_h_ wallets on their shoulders, and +slates at their backes. There is one of these Autem Mortes, she is now a +widow, of fyfty yeres old; her name is Alice Milson: she goeth about +with a couple of great boyes, the yongest of them is fast vpon xx. +yeares of age; and these two do lye with her euery night, and she lyeth +in the middes: she sayth that they be her children, that beteled be +babes borne of such abhominable bellye. + +[P] A WALKING MORT. Cap. 19. + +THese walkinge Mortes bee not maryed: these for their vnhappye yeares +doth go as a Autem Morte, and wyll saye their husbandes died eyther at +Newhauen, Ireland, or in some seruice of the Prince. These make laces +vpon staues, _and_ purses, that they cary in their hands, and whyte +vallance for beddes. Manye of these hath hadde and haue chyldren: when +these get ought, either with begging, bychery, or brybery, as money or +apparell, they are quickly shaken out of all by the vpright men, that +they are in a maruelous feare to cary any thinge aboute them that is of +any valure. Where fore, this pollicye they vse, they leaue their money +now with one and then with a nother trustye housholders, eyther with the +good man or good wyfe, some tyme in one shiere, and then in another, as +they trauell: this haue I knowne, _tha_t iiij. or v. shyllinges, yea x. +shyllinges, lefte in a place, and the same wyll they come for againe +within one quarter of a yeare, or some tyme not in halfe a yeare; and +all this is to lytle purpose, for all their peuyshe *[leaf 21, back]* +pollycy; for when they bye them lynnen or garmentse, it is taken awaye +from them, and worsse geuen them, or none at all. + +[Header: HARMAN. A WALKING MORT.] + +[P] The last Sommer, Anno domini .1566, being in familiare talke with a +walking Mort that came to my gate, I learned by her what I could, and I +thought I had gathered as much for my purpose as I desired. I began to +rebuke her for her leud lyfe and beastly behauor, declaring to her what +punishment was prepared and heaped vp for her in the world to come for +her fylthy lyuinge and wretched conuersation. "God helpe," q_uoth_ she, +"how should I lyue? none wyll take me into seruice; but I labour in +haruest time honestly." "I thinke but a whyle with honestie," q_uoth_ I. +"Shall I tell you," q_uoth_ she, "the best of vs all may be amended; but +yet, I thanke god, I dyd one good dede within this twelue mo_n_thes." +"Wherein?" q_uoth_ I. Sayth she, "I woulde not haue it spoken of +agayne." "Yf it be meete and necessary," q_uo_d I, "it shall lye vnder +my feete." "What meane you by that?" quoth she. "I meane," q_uo_d I, "to +hide the same, and neuer to discouer it to any." "Well," q_uoth_ she, +and began to laugh as much as she could, and sweare by the masse that if +I disclosed the same to any, she woulde neuer more[134] tell me any +thinge. "The last sommer," q_uoth_ she, "I was greate with chylde, and I +traueled into east kent by the sea coste, for I lusted meruelously after +oysters and muskels[135], and gathered many, and in _th_e place where I +found them, I opened them and eate them styll: at the last, in seking +more, I reached after one, and stept into a hole, and fel in into the +wast, and their dyd stycke, and I had bene drowned if the tide had come, +and espyinge a man a good waye of, I cried as much as I could for helpe. +I was alone, he hard me, and repaired as fast to me as he might, and +finding me their fast stycking, I required for gods sake his helpe; and +whether it was with stryuinge and forcing my selfe out, or for ioye I +had of his comminge to me, I had a great couller in my face, and loked +red and well coullered. And, to be playne with you, hee lyked me so +well (as he sayd) that I should there lye styll, and I would not graunt +him, that he might lye with me. And, by my trouth, I wist not what to +answeare, I was in such a perplexite; for I knew the man well: he had a +very honest woman to his wyfe, and was of some welth; and, one the other +syde, if I weare not holpe out, I should there haue perished, and I +graunted hym that I would obeye to his wyll: then he plucked me out. And +because there was no conuenient place nere hande, I required hym that I +might go washe my selfe, and make me somewhat clenly, and I would come +to his house and lodge all night in his barne, whether he mighte repaire +to me, and accomplyshe hys desire, 'but let it not be,' quoth she,[136] +'before nine of the clocke at nyghte *[leaf 22]* for then there wylbe +small styrring. And I may repaire to the towne,' q_uoth_ she,[137] 'to +warme and drye my selfe'; for this was about two of the clocke in the +after none, 'Do so,' quoth hee; 'for I must be busie to looke oute my +cattell here by before I can come home.' So I went awaye from hym, and +glad was I." "And why so?" quoth I. "Because," quoth she, "his wyfe, my +good dame, is my very freend, and I am much beholdinge to her. And she +hath donne me so much good or this, that I weare loth nowe to harme her +any waye." "Why," quoth I, "what and it hadde beene any other man, and +not your good dames husbande?" "The matter had bene the lesse," quoth +shee. "Tell me, I pray the," quoth I, "who was the father of thy +chylde?" She stodyd a whyle, and sayde that it hadde a father. "But what +was hee?" quoth I. "Nowe, by my trouth, I knowe not," quoth shee; "you +brynge me out of my matter so, you do." "Well, saye on," quoth I. "Then +I departed strayght to the towne, and came to my dames house, And shewed +her of my mysfortune, also of her husbands vsage, in all pointes, and +that I showed her the same for good wyll, and byde her take better heede +to her husbande, and to her selfe: so shee gaue me great thankes, and +made me good cheere, and byd me in anye case that I should be redye at +the barne at that tyme and houre we had apoynted; 'for I knowe well,' +quoth this good wyfe, 'my husband wyll not breake wyth the. And one +thinge I warne[138] the, that thou geue me a watche worde a loud when +hee goeth aboute to haue his pleasure of the, and that shall[139] bee +"fye, for shame, fye," and I wyll bee harde by you wyth helpe. But I +charge the keepe thys secret vntyll all bee fynesed; and holde,' saythe +thys good wyfe, 'here is one of my peticotes I geue thee.' 'I thanke +you, good dame,' quoth I, 'and I warrante you I wyll bee true and +trustye vnto you.' So my dame lefte me settinge by a good fyre with +meate and drynke; and wyth the oysters I broughte with me, I hadde +greate cheere: shee wente strayght and repaired vnto her gossypes +dwelling there by; and, as I dyd after vnderstande, she made her mone to +them, what a naughtye, lewed, lecherous husbande shee hadde, and howe +that she coulde not haue hys companye for harlotes, and that she was in +feare to take some fylthy dysease of hym, he was so commen a man, +hauinge lytle respecte whome he hadde to do with all; 'and,' quoth she, +'nowe here is one at my house, a poore woman that goeth aboute the +countrey that he woulde haue hadde to doe withall; wherefore, good +neyghboures and louinge gossypes, as you loue me, and as you would haue +helpe at my hand another tyme, deuyse some remedy to make my husband a +good man, _tha_t I may lyue in some suerty without disease, and that hee +may saue his soule that God so derelye *[leaf 22, back]* bought.' After +shee hadde tolde her tale, they caste their persinge eyes all vpon her, +but one stoute dame amongst the rest had these wordes--'As your pacient +bearinge of troubles, your honest behauiour among vs your neyghbours, +your tender and pytifull hart to the poore of the parysh, doth moue vs +to lament your case, so the vnsatiable carnalite of your faithelesse +husbande doth instigate and styre vs to deuyse and inuent some speedy +redresse for your ease[140] and the amendement of hys lyfe. Wherefore, +this is my councell and you wyll bee aduertysed by me; for[141] I saye +to you all, vnlesse it be this good wyfe, who is cheefely touched in +this matter, I haue the nexte cause; for hee was in hande wyth me not +longe a goe, and companye had not bene present, which was by a meruelous +chaunce, he hadde, I thinke, forced me. For often hee hath bene +tempering[142] with me, and yet haue I sharpely sayde him naye: +therefore, let vs assemble secretly into the place where hee hathe +apuynted to meete thys gyllot that is at your house, and lyrke preuelye +in some corner tyll hee begyn to goe aboute his busines. And then me +thought I harde you saye euen nowe that you had a watche word, at which +word we wyll all stepforth, being fiue of vs besydes you, for you shalbe +none because it is your husbande, but gette you to bed at your +accustomed houre. And we wyll cary eche of vs[143] good byrchen rodde in +our lappes, and we will all be muffeled for knowing, and se that you goe +home and acquaynt that walking Morte with the matter; for we must haue +her helpe to hold, for alwaies foure must hold and two lay one.' 'Alas!' +sayth this good wyfe, 'he is to stronge for you all. I would be loth, +for my sake you should receaue harme at his hande.' 'feare you not,' +q_uoth_ these stout wemen, 'let her not geue the watch word vntyl his +hosen be abaut his legges. And I trowe we all wylbe with him to bring +before he shall haue leasure to plucke them vp againe.' They all with on +voyce ag[r]ed to the matter, that the way she had deuised was the best: +so this good wife repaired home; but before she departed from her +gossypes, she shewed them at what houre they should preuely come in on +_th_e backsid, _and_ where to tary their good our: so by _th_e time she +came in, it was all most night, and found the walking Morte still +setting by the fyre, and declared to her all this new deuyse aboue sayd, +which promised faythfully to full fyll to her small powre as much as +they hadde deuysed: within a quarter of an oure after, in co_m_meth the +good man, who said that he was about his cattell. "Why, what haue we +here, wyfe, setting by the fyre? _and_ yf she haue eate and dronke, send +her into the barne to her lodging for this night, for she troubeleth the +house." "Euen as you wyll husbande," sayth his wyfe; "you knowe she +commeth once in two yeres into these *[leaf 23]* quarters. Awaye," +saythe this good wyfe, "to your lodginge." "Yes, good dame," sayth she, +"as fast as I can:" thus, by loking one[144] on the other, eche knewe +others mynde, and so departed to her comely couche: the good man of the +house shrodge hym for Ioye, thinking to hym selfe, I wyll make some +pastyme with you anone. And calling to his wyfe for hys sopper, set him +downe, and was very plesant, and dranke to his wyfe, _and_ fell to his +mammerings, and mounched a pace, nothing vnderstanding of the bancquet +that[145] was a preparing for him after sopper, _and_ according to the +prouerbe, that swete meate wyll haue sowre sawce: thus, whe_n_ he was +well refreshed, his sprietes being reuyued, entred into familiare talke +with his wife, of many matters, how well he had spent that daye to both +there proffytes, sayinge some of his cattell[146] were lyke to haue bene +drowned in the dyches, dryuinge others of his neyghbours cattell out +that were in his pastures, _and_ mending his fences that were broken +downe. Thus profitably he had consumed the daye, nothinge talking of his +helping out of the walkinge Morte out of the myre, nether of his request +nor yet of her[147] promisse. Thus feding her w_i_t_h_ frendly +fantacyes, consumed two houres and more. Then fayninge howe hee would se +in what case his horse were in and howe they were dressed, Repaired +couertly into the barne, where as his free[n]dlye foes lyrked preuely, +vnlesse it were this manerly Morte, that comly couched on a bottell of +strawe. "What, are you come?" q_uoth_ she; "by the masse, I would not +for a hundreth pound that my dame should knowe that you were here, +eyther any els of your house." "No, I warrant the," sayth this good man, +"they be all safe and fast ynough at their woorke, and I wylbe at mine +anon," And laye downe by her, and strayght would haue had to do w_i_t_h_ +her. "Nay, fye," sayth she, "I lyke not this order: if ye lye with me, +you shall surely vntrus you _and_ put downe your hosen, for that way is +most easiest and best." "Sayest thou so?" quoth he, "now, by my trouth +agred." And when he had vntrussed him selfe and put downe, he began to +assalt the vnsatiable[148] fort "Why," quoth she, that was with out +shame, sauinge for her promes, "And are you not ashamed?" "neuer a +whyte," sayth he, "lye downe quickely." "Now, fye, for shame, fye," +sayth shee a loude, whyche was the watche word. At the which word, these +fyue furious, sturdy, muffeled gossypes flynges oute, and takes sure +holde of this be trayed parson, sone[149] pluckinge his hosen downe +lower, and byndinge the same fast about his feete; then byndinge his +handes, and knitting a hande charcher about his eyes, that he shoulde +not see; and when they had made hym sure and fast, Then they layd him +one vntyll they weare windles. "Be good," sayth this Morte, "vnto my +maister, for the passion of God," *[leaf 23, back]* and layd on as fast +as the rest, and styll seased not to crye vpon them to bee mercyfull +vnto hym, and yet layde on a pace; and when they had well beaten hym, +that the bloud braste plentifullye oute in most places, they let hym lye +styll bounde. With this exhortation, that he shoulde from that tyme +forth knowe his wyfe from other mens, and that this punishment was but a +flebyting in respect of that which should followe, yf he amended not his +manners. Thus leuynge hym blustering, blowing, and fominge for payne, +and malyncolye that hee neither might or coulde be reuenged of them, +they vanyshed awaye, and hadde thys Morte with them, and safely conuayde +her out of the towne: sone after co_m_meth into the barne one of the +good mans boyes, to fet some haye for his horse. And fyndinge his +maister lyinge faste bounde and greuouslye beaten with rodes, was +sodenly abashed and woulde haue runne out agayne to haue called for +helpe; but his maister bed hym come vnto hym and vnbynd hym; "and make +no wordes," quoth he, "of this. I wylbe reuenged well inoughe;" yet not +with standinge, after better aduyse, the matter beinge vnhonest, he +thought it meter to let the same passe, and, not, as the prouerbe +saythe, to awake the sleping dogge. "And, by my trouth," quoth this +walkinge Morte, "I come nowe from that place, and was neuer there +sythens this parte was playde, whiche is some what more then a yeare. +And I here a very good reporte of hym now, that he loueth his wyfe well, +and vseth hym selfe verye honestlye; and was not this a good acte? nowe, +howe saye you?" "It was pretely handeled," quoth I, "and is here all?" +"Yea," quoth she, "here is the ende." + +[Header: HARMAN. A DOXE.] + +[P] A DOXE. Cap. 20. + +THese Doxes be broken and spoyled of their maydenhead by the vpright +men, and then they haue their name of Doxes, and not afore. And +afterwarde she is commen and indifferent for any that wyll vse her, as +_homo_ is a commen name to all men. Such as be fayre and some what +handsome, kepe company with the walkinge Mortes, and are redye alwayes +for the vpright men, and are cheifely mayntayned by them, for others +shalbe spoyled for their sakes: the other, inferior, sort wyll resorte +to noble mens places, and gentlemens houses, standing at the gate, +eyther lurkinge on the backesyde about backe houses, eyther in hedge +rowes, or some other thycket, expectinge their praye, which is for the +vncomely company of some curteous gest, of whome they be refreshed with +meate and some money, where eschaunge is made, ware for ware: this bread +and meate they vse to carrye in their *[leaf 24]* greate hosen; so that +these beastlye brybinge[150] breeches serue manye tymes for bawdye +purposes. I chaunced, not longe sithens, familiarly to commen with a +Doxe that came to my gate, and surelye a pleasant harlot, and not so +pleasant as wytty, and not so wytty as voyd of all grace and goodnes. I +founde, by her talke, that shee hadde passed her tyme lewdlye eyghttene +yeares in walkinge aboute. I thoughte this a necessary instrument to +attayne some knowledge by; and before I woulde grope her mynde, I made +her both to eate and drynke well; that done, I made her faythfull +promisse to geue her some money, yf she would open and dyscouer to me +such questions as I woulde demaunde of her, and neuer to bee wraye her, +neither to disclose her name. "And you shoulde," sayth she, "I were +vndon:" "feare not that," quoth I; "but, I praye the," quoth I, "say +nothing but trouth." "I wyll not," sayth shee. "Then, fyrste tell me," +quoth I, "how many vpright men and Roges dost thou knowe, or hast thou +knowne and byn conuersaunt with, and what their names be?" She paused a +whyle, and sayd, "why do you aske me, or wherefore?" "For nothinge els," +as I sayde, "but that I woulde knowe them when they came to my gate." +"Nowe, by my trouth" (quoth she) "then are yea neuer the neare, for all +myne acquayntaunce, for the moste parte, are deade." "Dead!" quoth I, +"howe dyed they, for wante of cherishinge, or of paynefull diseases?" +Then she sighed, and sayde they were hanged. "What, all?" quoth I, "and +so manye walke abroade, as I dayelye see?" "By my trouth," quoth she, "I +knowe not paste six or seuen by their names," and named the same to me. +"When were they hanged?" quoth I. "Some seuen yeares a gone, some three +yeares, and some w_i_t_h_in this fortnight," and declared the place +where they weare executed, which I knewe well to bee true, by the report +of others. "Why" (quoth I) "dyd not this sorrowfull and fearefull sight +much greue the, and for thy tyme longe and euyll spent?" "I was sory," +quoth shee, "by the Masse; for some of them were good louing men. For I +lackt not when they had it, and they wanted not when I had it, and +diuers of them I neuer dyd forsake, vntyll the Gallowes departed vs." +"O, mercyfull God!" quoth I, and began to blesse me. "Why blesse ye?" +quoth she. "Alas! good gentleman, euery one muste haue a lyuinge." Other +matters I talked of; but this nowe maye suffice to shewe the Reader, as +it weare in a glasse, the bolde beastly lyfe of these Doxes. For suche +as hath gone anye tyme abroade, wyll neuer forsake their trade, to dye +therefore. I haue hadde good profe thereof. There is one, a notorious +harlot, of this affinitye, called Besse Bottomelye; she hath but one +hande, and she hath murthered two children at the least. + +[Header: HARMAN. A DELL.] + +*[leaf 24, back]* [P] A DELL. Cap. 21. + +A Dell is a yonge wenche, able for generation, and not yet knowen or +broken by the vpright man. These go abroade yong, eyther by the death of +their parentes, and no bodye to looke vnto them, or els by some sharpe +mystres that they serue, do runne away out of seruice; eyther she is +naturally borne one, and then she is a wyld Dell: these are broken verye +yonge; when they haue beene lyen with all by the vpright man, then they +be Doxes, and no Dels. These wylde dels, beinge traded vp with their +monstrous mothers, must of necessytie be as euill, or worsse, then their +parents, for neither we gather grapes from greene bryars, neither fygs +from Thystels. But such buds, such blosoms, such euyll sede sowen, wel +worsse beinge growen. + +[Header: HARMAN. A KYNCHIN MORTE, ETC.] + +[P] A KYNCHIN MORTE. Cap. 22. + +A Kynching Morte is a lytle Gyrle: the Mortes their mothers carries them +at their backes in their slates, whiche is their shetes, and bryngs them +vp sauagely[151], tyll they growe to be rype, and soone rype, soone +rotten. + +[P] A KYNCHEN CO. Cap. 23. + +A Kynchen Co is a young boye, traden vp to suche peuishe purposes as you +haue harde of other young ympes before, that when he groweth vnto yeres, +he is better to hang then to drawe forth. + +[Header: HARMAN. DOXES VSAGE IN THE NIGHT.] + +[P] THEIR VSAGE IN THE NIGHT. Cap. 24. + +NOw I thinke it not vnnecessary to make the Reader vnderstand how and in +what maner they lodge a nights in barnes or backe houses, and of their +vsage there, for asmuch as I haue acquaynted them with their order and +practises a day times. The arche and chiefe walkers that hath walked a +long time, whose experience is great, because of their continuinge +practise, I meane all Mortes and Doxes, for their handsomnes and +diligence for making of their couches. The men neuer trouble them selues +with _tha_t thing, but takes the same to be the dutye of _th_e wyfe. And +she shuffels vp a quayntitye of strawe or haye into some pretye carner +of the barne *[leaf 25]* where she maye conuenientlye lye, and well +shakethe the same, makinge the heade some what hye, and dryues the same +vpon the sydes and fete lyke abed: then she layeth her wallet, or some +other lytle pack of ragges or scrype vnder her heade in the strawe, to +beare vp the same, and layethe her petycote or cloke vpon and ouer the +strawe, so made lyke a bedde, and that serueth for the blancket. Then +she layeth her slate, which is her sheete, vpon that; and she haue no +sheete, as fewe of them goe without, then she spreddeth some large +cloutes or rags ouer the same, and maketh her ready, and layeth her +drouselye downe. Many wyll plucke of their smockes, and laye the same +vpon them in stede of their vpper sheete, and all her other pelte and +trashe vpon her also; and many lyeth in their smockes. And if the rest +of her clothes in colde weather be not sufficient to kepe her warme, +then she taketh strawe or haye to performe the matter. The other sorte, +that haue not slates, but toumble downe and couche a hogshead in their +clothes, these bee styll lousye, and shall neuer be with out vermyn, +vnlesse they put of theire clothes, and lye as is a boue sayde. If the +vpright man come in where they lye, he hath his choyse, and crepeth in +close by his Doxe: the Roge hath his leauings. If the Morts or Doxes lye +or be lodged in some Farmers barne, and the dore be ether locked or made +fast to them, then wyl not the vpright man presse to come in, Vnles it +be in barnes and oute houses standinge alone, or some distance from +houses, which be commonly knowne to them, As saint Quintens, three +Cranes of the vintrey, Saynt Tybbes, and Knapsbery. These foure be with +in one myle compasse neare vnto London. Then haue you iiij. more in +Middlesex, drawe the pudding out of the fyre in Harrow on the hyll +parish, _th_e Crose Keyes in Cranford[152] parish, Saynt Iulyans in +Thystell worth parish, the house of pyty in Northhall parysh. These are +their chiefe houses neare about London, where commonly they resorte vnto +for Lodginge, and maye repaire thether freelye at all tymes. Sometyme +shall come in some Roge, some pyckinge knaue, a nymble Prygge; he +walketh in softly a nightes, when they be at their rest, and plucketh of +as many garmentes as be ought worth that he maye come by, and worth +money, and maye easely cary the same, and runneth a waye with the same +with great seleritye, and maketh porte sale at some conuenient place of +theirs, that some be soone ready in the morning, for want of their +Casters _and_ Togema_n_s. Where in steede of blessinge is cursing; in +place of praying, pestelent prating with odious othes _and_ terrible +threatninges. The vpright men haue geuen all these nycke names to the +places aboue sayde. Y[e]t haue *[leaf 25, back]* we two notable places +in Kent, not fare from London: the one is betwene Detforde and Rothered, +called the Kynges barne, standing alone, that they haunt commonly; the +other is Ketbroke, standinge by blacke heath, halfe a myle from anye +house. There wyll they boldlye drawe the latche of the doore, and go in +when the good man with hys famyly be at supper, and syt downe without +leaue, and eate and drinke with them, and either lye in the hall by the +fyre all night, or in _th_e barne, if there be no rome in the house for +them. If the doore be eyther bolted or lockt, if it be not opened vnto +them when they wyl, they wyl breake the same open to his farther cost. +And in this barne sometyme do lye xl. vpright men with their Doxes +together at one time. And this must the poore Farmer suffer, or els they +threaten him to burne him, and all that he hath. + + * * * * * + +[Header: HARMAN. NAMES OF VPRIGHT MEN.] + +THE NAMES OF THE VPRIGHT MEN, ROGES, AND PALLYARDS. + +HEre followeth the vnrulye rablement of rascals, and the moste notoryous +and wyckedst walkers that are lyuinge nowe at this present, with their +true names as they be called and knowne by. And although I set and place +here but thre orders, yet, good Reader, vnderstand that all the others +aboue named are deriued and come out from the vpright men and Roges. +Concerning the number of Mortes and Doxes, it is superfluous to wryte of +them. I could well haue don it, but the number of them is great, and +woulde aske a large volume. + + +[P] UPRIGHT MEN. + + A.[153] + + Antony Heymer. + + Antony Iackeson. + + + B. + + Burfet. + + Bryan medcalfe. + + + C. + + Core the Cuekold. + + Chrystoner Cooke. + + + D. + + Dowzabell skylfull in fence. + + Dauid Coke. + + Dycke Glouer. + + Dycke Abrystowe. + + Dauid Edwardes. + + Dauid Holand. + + Dauid Iones. + + + E. + + Edmund Dun, a singing Man. + + Edward Skiner, _alias_ Ned Skinner. + + Edward Browne. + + + F. + + Follentine Hylles. + + Fardinando angell. + + Fraunces Dawghton. + + + G. + + Gryffin. + + Great Iohn Graye. + + George Marrinar. + + George Hutchinson. + + + H. + + Hary Hylles, alias Harry godepar. + + *[leaf 26]* Harry Agglyntine. + + Harry Smyth, he driueleth whe_n_ he speaketh. + + Harry Ionson. + + + I. + + Iames Barnard. + + Iohn Myllar. + + Iohn Walchman. + + Iohn Iones. + + Iohn Teddar. + + Iohn Braye. + + Iohn Cutter. + + Iohn Bell. + + Iohn Stephens. + + Iohn Graye. + + Iohn Whyte. + + Iohn Rewe. + + Iohn Mores. + + Iohn a Farnando. + + Iohn Newman. + + Iohn Wyn, _alias_ Wylliams. + + Iohn a Pycons. + + Iohn Tomas. + + Iohn Arter. + + Ion Palmer, _alias_ Tod. + + Iohn Geffrey. + + Iohn Goddard. + + Iohn Graye the lytle. + + Iohn Graye the great. + + Iohn Wylliams the Longer. + + Iohn Horwood, a maker of wels; he wyll take halfe his bargayne in hand, + _and_ when hee hath wrought ii. or iii. daies, he runneth away with his + earnest. + + Iohn Peter. + + Iohn Porter. + + Iohn Appowes. + + Iohn Arter. + + Iohn Bates. + + Iohn Comes. + + Iohn Chyles, _alias_ great Chyles. + + Iohn Leuet; he maketh tappes and fausets. + + Iohn Louedall, a maister of fence. + + Iohn Louedale. + + Iohn Mekes. + + Iohn Appowell. + + Iohn Chappell. + + Iohn Gryffen. + + Iohn Mason. + + Iohn Humfrey, with the lame hand. + + Iohn Stradling, with the shaking head. + + Iohn Franke. + + Iohn Baker. + + Iohn Bascafeld. + + + K. + + + L. + + Lennard Iust. + + Long Greene. + + Laurence Ladd. + + Laurence Marshall. + + + M. + + + N. + + Nicolas Wilson. + + Ned Barington. + + Ned Wetherdon. + + Ned holmes. + + + O. + + + P. + + Phyllype Greene. + + + Q. + + + R. + + Robart Grauener. + + Robart Gerse. + + Robart Kynge. + + Robart Egerton. + + Robart Bell, brother to Iohn Bell. + + Robart Maple. + + Robart Langton. + + Robyn Bell. + + Robyn Toppe. + + Robart Brownswerd, he werith his here long. + + Robart Curtes. + + Rychard Brymmysh. + + Rychard Iustyce. + + Rychard Barton. + + Rychard Constance. + + Rychard Thomas. + + Rychard Cadman. + + Rychard Scategood. + + Rychard Apryce. + + Rychard Walker. + + Rychard Coper. + + + S. + + Steuen Neuet. + + + T. + + Thomas Bulloke. *[leaf 26, back]* + + Thomas Cutter. + + Thomas Garret. + + Thomas Newton. + + Thomas Web. + + Thomas Graye, his toes be gonne. + + Tom Bodel. + + Thomas Wast. + + Thomas Dawso_n_ _alias_ Thomas Iacklin. + + Thomas Basset. + + Thomas Marchant. + + Thomas Web. + + Thomas Awefeld. + + Thomas Gybbins. + + Thomas Lacon. + + Thomas Bate. + + Thomas Allen. + + + V. + + + W. + + Welarayd Richard. + + Wyllia_m_ Chamborne. + + Wylliam Pannell. + + Wylliam Morgan. + + Wylliam Belson. + + Wylliam Ebes. + + Wylliam Garret. + + Wylliam Robynson. + + Wylliam Vmberuile. + + Wylliam Dauids. + + Wyll Pen. + + Wylliam Iones. + + Wyll Powell. + + Wylliam Clarke. + + Water Wirall. + + Wylliam Browne. + + Water Martyne.[154] + + Wylliam Grace. + + Wylliam Pyckering. + + +[Header: HARMAN. NAMES OF ROGES.] + +ROGES. + + A. + + Arche Dowglas, a Scot. + + + B. + + Blacke Dycke. + + + C. + + + D. + + Dycke Durram. + + Dauid Dew neuet, a counterfet Cranke. + + + E. + + Edward Ellys. + + Edward Anseley. + + + F. + + + G. + + George Belberby. + + Goodman. + + Gerard Gybbin, a counterfet Cranke. + + + H. + + Hary Walles, with the lytle mouth. + + Humfrey ward. + + Harry Mason. + + + I. + + Iohn Warren. + + Iohn Donne, with one legge. + + Iohn Elson. + + Iohn Raynoles, Irysh man. + + Iohn Harrys. + + Iames Monkaster, a counterfet Cranke. + + Iohn Dewe. + + Iohn Crew, with one arme. + + Iohn Browne, great stamerar. + + + L. + + Lytle Dycke. + + Lytle Robyn. + + Lambart Rose. + + + M. + + More, burnt in the hand.[155] + + + N. + + Nicholas Adames, a great stamerar.[156] + + Nycholas Crispyn. + + Nycholas Blunt _alias_ Nycholas Gennings, a counterfet Cranke. + + Nycholas Lynch. + + + R. + + Rychard Brewton. + + Rychard Horwod, well nere lxxx. yeares olde; he wyll byte a vi. peny + nayle a sonder w_i_t_h_ his teeth, and a bawdye *[leaf 27]* dronkard. + + Richard Crane; he carieth a Kynchne Co at his backe. + + Rychard Iones. + + Raffe Ketley. + + Robert Harrison. + + + S. + + Simon Kynge. + + + T. + + Thomas Paske. + + [157]Thomas Bere. + + Thomas Shawnean, Irish man. + + Thomas Smith, _with_ the skald skyn.[157] + + + W. + + Wylliam Carew. + + Wylliam wastfield. + + Wylson. + + Wylliam Gynkes, with a whyte bearde, a lusty and stronge man; he runneth + about the countrey to seeke worke, with a byg boy, his sonne carying his + toles as a dawber or playsterer, but lytle worke serueth him. + + +[Header: HARMAN. NAMES OF PALLYARDS.] + +[P] PALLYARDS. + + B. + + Bashford. + + + D. + + Dycke Sehan Irish. + + Dauid Powell. + + Dauid Iones, a counterfet Crank. + + + E. + + Edward Heyward, hath his Morte following him, which fained the Cranke. + + Edward Lewes, a dummerer. + + + H. + + Hugh Iones. + + + I. + + Iohn Perse,[158] a counterfet Cranke. + + Iohn dauids. + + Iohn Harrison. + + Iohn Carew. + + Iames Lane, with one eye, Irish. + + Iohn Fysher. + + Iohn Dewe. + + Iohn Gylford, Irish, w_i_t_h_ a counterfet lisence. + + + L. + + Laurence, with the great legge. + + + N. + + Nycholas Newton, carieth a fained lisence. + + Nicholas Decase. + + + P. + + Prestoue. + + + R. + + Robart Lackley. + + Robart Canloke. + + Richard Hylton, caryeth ii. Kynchen mortes about him. + + Richard Thomas. + + + S. + + Soth gard. + + Swanders. + + + T. + + Thomas Edwards. + + Thomas Dauids. + + + Wylliam Thomas. + + Wylliam Coper with the Harelyp. + + Wyll Pettyt, beareth a Kinche_n_ mort at his back. + + Wylliam Bowmer. + +There is aboue an hundreth of Irish men and women that wander about to +begge for their lyuing, that hath come ouer within these two yeares. +They saye the[y] haue beene burned and spoyled by the Earle of Desmond, +and report well of the Earle of Vrmond. + +[P] All these aboue wryten for the most part walke about Essex, Myddlesex, +Sussex, Surrey, and Kent. Then let the reader iudge what number walkes +in other Shieres, I feare me to great a number, if they be well +vnderstande. + + +[Header: HARMAN. PEDDELARS FRENCHE.] + +*[leaf 27, back]* [159]Here followyth their pelting speche.[159] + +HEre I set before the good Reader the leud, lousey language of these +lewtering Luskes _and_ lasy Lorrels, where with they bye and sell the +common people as they pas through the countrey. Whych language they +terme Peddelars Frenche, a vnknowen toung onely, but to these bold, +beastly, bawdy Beggers, and vaine Vacabondes, being halfe myngled with +Englyshe, when it is famyliarlye talked, and fyrste placinge thinges by +their proper names as an Introduction to this peuyshe speeche. + + Nab, *a head*. + + Nabchet, *a hat or cap*. + + Glasyers, *eyes*. + + a smelling chete, *a nose*. + + gan, *a mouth*. + + a pratling chete, *a tounge*. + + Crashing chetes, *teeth*. + + Hearing chetes, *eares*. + + fambles, *handes*. + + a fambling chete, *a rynge on thy hand*. + + quaromes, *a body*. + + prat, *a buttocke*. + + stampes, *legges*. + + a caster, *a cloke*. + + a togeman, *a cote*. + + a commission, *a shierte*. + + drawers, *hosen*. + + stampers, *shooes*. + + a mofling chete, *a napkyn*. + + a belly chete, *an apern*. + + dudes, *clothes*. + + a lag of dudes, *a bucke of clothes*. + + a slate or slates, *a sheete or shetes*. + + lybbege, *a bed*. + + bunge, *a pursse*. + + lowre, *monye*. + + mynt, *golde*. + + a bord, *a shylling*. + + halfe a borde, *sixe pence*. + + flagg, *a groate*. + + a wyn, *a penny*. + + a make, *a halfepeny*. + + bowse, *drynke*. + + bene, *good*. + + benshyp, *very good*. + + quier, *nought*. + + a gage, *a quarte pot*. + + a skew, *a cuppe*. + + pannam,[160] *bread*. + + cassan, *cheese*. + + yaram,[161] *mylke*. + + lap, *butter milke or whey*. + + *[leaf 28]* pek, *meate*. + + poppelars, *porrage*. + + ruff pek, *baken*. + + a grunting chete or a patricos kynchen, *a pyg*. + + a cakling chete, *a cocke or capon*. + + a margery prater, *a hen*. + + a Roger or tyb of the buttery, *a Goose*. + + a quakinge chete or a red shanke, *a drake or ducke*. + + grannam, *corne*. + + a lowhinge chete, *a Cowe*. + + a bletinge chete, *a calfe or sheepe*. + + a prauncer, *a horse*. + + autem, *a church*. + + Salomon, *a alter or masse*. + + patrico, *a priest*. + + nosegent, *a Nunne*. + + a gybe, *a writinge*. + + a Iarke, *a seale*. + + a ken, *a house*. + + a staulinge ken, *a house that wyll receaue stolen ware*. + + a bousing ken, *a ale house*. + + a Lypken, *a house to lye in*. + + a Lybbege, *a bedde*. + + glymmar, *fyre*. + + Rome bouse, *wyne*. + + lage, *water*. + + a skypp_e_r, *a barne*. + + stromell, *strawe*. + + a gentry cofes ke_n_, *A nobl_e_ or gentlemans house*. + + a gygger, *a doore*. + +[Header: HARMAN. ROGUES: THEIR PELTING SPECHE.] + + bufe, *a dogge*. + + the lightmans, *the daye*. + + the darkemans, *the nyght*. + + Rome vyle, *London*. + + dewse a vyle, *the countrey*. + + Rome mort, *the Quene*. + + a gentry cofe, *a noble or gentleman*. + + a gentry morte, *A noble or gentle woman*. + + the quyer cuffyn,[162] *the Iusticer of peace*. + + the harman beck, *the Counstable*. + + the harmans, *the stockes*. + + Quyerkyn, *a pryson house*. + + Quier crampinges, *boltes or fetters*. + + tryninge, *hanginge*. + + chattes, *the gallowes*. + + the hygh pad, *the hygh waye*. + + the ruffmans, *the wodes or bushes*. + + a smellinge chete, *a garden or orchard*. + + crassinge chetes, *apels, peares or anye other frute*. + + *to fylche, to beate, to stryke, to robbe*.[163] + + to nyp a boung, *to cut a pursse*. + + To skower the cramprings, *[leaf 28, back] to weare boltes or fetters*. + + to heue a bough, *to robbe or rifle a boeweth*. + + to cly the gerke, *to be whypped*. + + to cutte benle,[164] *to speake gently*. + + to cutte bene whydds, *to speake or geue good wordes*. + + to cutte quyre whyddes, *to geue euell wordes or euell language*. + + to cutte, *to saye*. + + to towre, *to see*. + + to bowse, *to drynke*. + + to maunde, *to aske or requyre*. + + to stall, *to make or ordaine*. + + to cante, *to speake*. + + to myll a ken, *to robbe a house*. + + to prygge, *to ryde*. + + to dup the gyger, *to open the doore*. + + to couch a hogshead, *to lye downe and sleepe*. + + to nygle, *to haue to do with a woman carnally*. + + stow you, *holde your peace*. + + bynge a waste, *go you hence*. + + to the ruffian, *to the deuell*. + + the ruffian cly the, *the deuyll take thee*. + + +[Header: HARMAN. THE VPRIGHT COFE CANTETH TO THE ROGE.] + +[P] The vpright Cofe canteth to the Roge.[165] + +*The vpright man speaketh to the Roge.* + +VPRIGHTMAN.[166] + + Bene Lightmans to thy quarromes, in what lipken hast thou lypped in + this darkemans, whether in a lybbege or in the strummell? + + *God morrowe to thy body, in what house hast thou lyne in all night, + whether in a bed, or in the strawe?* + +ROGE. + + I couched a hogshead in a Skypper this darkemans. + *I layd[167] me downe to sleepe in a barne this night.* + +VPRIGHT MAN.[168] + + I towre the strummel trine vpon thy nabchet[169] _and_ Togman. + *I see the strawe hang vpon thy cap and coate.* + +ROGE. + + I saye by the Salomon I will lage it of with a gage of benebouse; + then cut to my nose watch. + + *I sweare by the masse[170], I wull washe it of with a quart of good + drynke; [leaf 29][171] then saye to me what thou wylt.* + + MAN. Why, hast thou any lowre in thy bonge to bouse? + *Why, hast thou any money in thy purse to drinke?* + + ROGE. But a flagge, a wyn, and a make. + *But a grot, a penny, and a halfe penny.* + + MAN. Why, where is the kene that hath the bene bouse? + *where is the house that hath good drinke?* + + ROGE. A bene mort hereby at the signe of the prauncer. + *A good wyfe here by at the signe of the hors.* + + MAN. I cutt it is quyer buose, I bousd a flagge the laste dark mans. + *I saye it is small and naughtye drynke. I dranke a groate there + the last night.* + + ROGE. But bouse there a bord, _and_ thou shalt haue beneship. + *But drinke there a shyllinge, and thou shalt haue very good.* + + Tower ye yander is the kene, dup the gygger, and maund that is bene + shyp. + + *Se you, yonder is the house, open the doore, and aske for the best.* + + MAN. This bouse is as benshyp[172] as rome bouse. + *This drinke is as good as wyne.* + + Now I tower that bene bouse makes nase nabes. + *Now I se that good drinke makes a dronken heade.* + + Maunde of this morte what bene pecke is in her ken. + *Aske of this wyfe what good meate shee hath in her house.* + + ROGE. She hath a Cacling chete, a grunting chete, ruff Pecke, cassan, + and popplarr of yarum. + *She hath a hen, a pyg, baken, chese and mylke porrage.* + + MAN. That is beneshyp to our watche. + *That is very good for vs.* + + Now we haue well bousd, let vs strike some chete. + *Nowe we haue well dronke, let us steale some thinge.* + + Yonder dwelleth a quyere cuffen, it were beneship to myll hym. + *Yonder dwelleth a hoggeshe and choyrlyshe man, it were very well + donne to robbe him.* + + ROGE. Nowe bynge we a waste to the hygh pad, the ruffmanes is by. + Naye, let vs go hence to the hygh waye, the wodes is at hand. + + MAN. So may we happen on the Harmanes, and cly the Iarke, or to the + quyerken and skower quyaer cramprings, and so to tryning on the + chates. + + *[leaf 29, back] So we maye chaunce to set in the stockes, eyther + be whypped, eyther had to prison house, and there be shackled with + bolttes and fetters, and then to hange on the gallowes.* + + Gerry gan, the ruffian clye thee. + *A torde in thy mouth, the deuyll take thee.* + + MAN. What, stowe your bene, cofe, and cut benat whydds, and byng we + to rome vyle, to nyp a bong; so shall we haue lowre for the bousing + ken, and when we byng back to the deuseauyel, we wyll fylche some + duddes of the Ruffemans, or myll the ken for a lagge of dudes. + + *What, holde your peace, good fellowe, and speake better wordes, and + go we to London, to cut a purse; then shal we haue money for the ale + house, and when wee come backe agayne into the country, wee wyll + steale some lynnen clothes of one[173] hedges, or robbe some house + for a bucke of clothes.* + +[P] By this lytle ye maye holy and fully vnderstande their vntowarde talke +and pelting speache, mynglede without measure; and as they haue begonne +of late to deuyse some new termes for certien thinges, so wyll they in +tyme alter this, and deuyse as euyll or worsse. This language nowe +beinge knowen and spred abroade, yet one thinge more I wyll ad vnto, not +meaninge to Englyshe the same, because I learned the same[174] of a +shameles Doxe, but for the phrase of speche I set it forth onely. + +There was a proude patrico and a nosegent, he tooke his Iockam in his +famble, and a wappinge he went, he dokte the Dell, hee pryge to praunce, +he byngd a waste into the darke mans, he fylcht the Cofe, with out any +fylch man. + +[Header: HARMAN. NYCHOLAS BLUNTE'S TRICKS.] + +WHyle this second Impression was in printinge, it fortuned that Nycholas +Blunte, who called hym selfe Nycholan Gennyns, a counterefet Cranke, +that is spoken of in this booke, was fonde begging in the whyte fryers +on Newe yeares day last past, Anno domini. 1567, and commytted vnto a +offescer, who caried hym vnto the depetye of the ward, which co_m_mytted +hym vnto the counter; _and_ as the counstable and a nother would haue +caried hym thether, This counterfet Cranke ran awaye, but one lyghter of +fote then the other ouer toke hym, _and_ so leading him to the counter, +where he remayned three days, _and_ from thence to Brydewell, where +before the maister[175] he had his dysgysed aparell put vpon hym, which +was monstrous to beholde, And after stode in Chepesyde w_i_t_h_ _th_e +same apparil on a scafold.[176] + + A Stockes to staye sure, and safely detayne, *[leaf 30]* + Lasy lewd Leutterers, that lawes do offend, + Impudent persons, thus punished with payne, + Hardlye for all this, do meane to amende. + +[Header: HARMAN. THE STOCKES.] + +[Illustration] + + Fetters or shackles serue to make fast, + Male malefactours, that on myschiefe do muse, + Vntyll the learned lawes do quite or do cast, + Such, suttile searchers, as all euyll do vse. + +[Illustration] + +[Header: HARMAN. THE ROGE'S END.] + + {A whyp is a whysker, that wyll wrest out blood, *[lf 30, bk]* + {Of backe and of body, beaten right well. + Of all the other it doth the most good, + Experience techeth, and they can well tell. + +[Illustration] + + [P] O dolefull daye! nowe death draweth nere, + Hys bytter styng doth pearce me to the harte. + I take my leaue of all that be here, + Nowe piteously playing this tragicall parte. + Neither stripes nor teachinges in tyme could conuert, + wherefore an ensample let me to you be, + And all that be present, nowe praye you for me. + +[Header: HARMAN. THE COUNTERFET CRANKE.] + +[Illustration] + + [177][P] This counterfet Cranke, nowe vew and beholde, + Placed in pyllory, as all maye well se: + This was he, as you haue hard the tale tolde, + before recorded with great suttylte, + Ibused manye with his inpiete, + his lothsome attyre, in most vgly manner, + was through London caried with dysplayd banner.[178] + +[Header: HARMAN. CONCLUSION.] + + [Symbol: Right Index] Thus I conclude my bolde Beggars booke, + That all estates most playnely maye see, + As in a glasse well pollyshed to looke, + Their double demeaner in eche degree. + Their lyues, their language, their names as they be, + That with this warning their myndes may be warmed, + To amend their mysdeedes, and so lyue vnharmed. + + +FINIS. + + +[P] Imprinted at London, in Fletestrete, at the signe of the Faulcon by +Wylliam gryffith. Anno Domni. 1567.[179] + + +FOOTNOTES: + +[42] leaf 2 _b._ Bodley edition (B). + +[43] The severe Act against vagrants, Ed. VI., c. 3, was passed in 1548, +only 19 years before the date of this 2nd edition. + +[44] The 1573 edition reads _pynking_. + +[45] So printed in both 1567 editions. 1573 reads _housholders_; but +_Borsholders_ is doubtless meant. + +[46] leaf 3. B. + +[47] Printed "_brfore_." + +[48] _reclamation._ B. + +[49] The 1573 edition reads _and_. + +[50] The 1573 edition here inserts the word _or_. + +[51] _vanished._ B. + +[52] _fyt._ B. + +[53] The 1573 ed. reads _not_. + +[54] This word is omitted in the 1573 ed. + +[55] The chapters are not noted in the Bodley ed. + +[56] The 1573 ed. here inserts the word _he_. + +[57] 1573 reads _if_. + +[58] 1573 has _or_. + +[59] Printed "_vpreght_." _vpright_ in Bodley ed. + +[60] 1573, _be_. + +[61] 1573, _as_. + +[62] _the._ B. + +[63] _dogges._ B. + +[64] 1573 inserts _and_. + +[65] 1573 omits. + +[66] 1573 omits. + +[67] _saith._ B. + +[68] 1573, _myne_. + +[69] _tarying._ B. + +[70] So printed. Bodley ed. has _the_. + +[71] _sakes._ B. + +[72] Omitted in 1573. + +[73] so printed. + +[74] _the._ B. + +[75] Why ... end. B. omits. + +[76] 1573 reads _mate_. + +[77] omitted in 1573. + +[78] seing ... dyd. B. omits. + +[79] 1573, _was_. + +[80] _horses._ B. + +[81] Printed _statute_. + +[82] Printed _this_. + +[83] B. inserts _a_. + +[84] B. omits _in_. + +[85] Probably the reason why "in print" came to be considered synonymous +with "correct." See 2 Gent. of Verona, act ii. sc. 1, 175. + +[86] _those._ B. + +[87] B. omits _the_. + +[88] + + Castyng_e_ of axtre & eke of ston, + Sofere hem [th]ere to vse non; + Bal, and barres, and suche play, + Out of chyche[gh]orde put a-way.-- + + Myrc, p. 11, l. 334-7 (E. E. T. Soc. 1868). + +[89] Printed _hts_. + +[90] _to to._ B. + +[91] Omitted in 1573. + +[92] _him (sic)._ B. + +[93] This page is not in Bodley ed. + +[94] 1573 reads _exclamation_. + +[95] _they._ B. + +[96] _my my._ B. + +[97] _gyrken (et seqq.)._ B. + +[98] _loose._ B. + +[99] _refused._ B. + +[100] _Gennins._ B. + +[101] _trough._ B. + +[102] 1573 reads _skolluer_. + +[103] Omitted in 1573 edit. + +[104] _sayih (sic)._ B. + +[105] printed _dody_. + +[106] _d. ob._ B. + +[107] _bede._ B. + +[108] _mans._ B. + +[109] 1573 inserts _him; sette hym._ B. + +[110] 1573 inserts _that_. + +[111] _pence_ B. + +[112] The 1573 edition reads _ioly ioylitie; gelowsy_. B. + +[113] The 1573 edition finishes the sentence thus:--"ouer the fields to +his own house, as hee afterwards said." + +[114] _woulde._ B. + +[115] _again til now._ B. + +[116] _d. ob._ B. + +[117] The 1573 edition continues thus:--"wherof this crafty Cranke had +part him selfe, for he had both house and wife in the same parishe, as +after you shall heare. But this lewde lewterar could not laye his bones +to labour, hauing got once the tast of this lewd lasy lyfe, for al this +fayr admonition, but deuised other suttel sleights to maintaine his +ydell liuing, and so craftely clothed him selfe in mariners apparel, and +associated him self with an other of his companions: they hauing both +mariners apparel, went abroad to aske charity of _th_e people, fayning +they hadde loste their shippe with all their goods by casualty on the +seas, wherewith they gayned much. This crafty Cranke, fearinge to be +mistrusted, fell to another kinde of begging, as bad or worse, and +apparelled himselfe very well with a fayre black freese cote, a new +payre of whyte hose, a fyne felt hat on his head, a shert of flaunders +worke esteemed to be worth xvi. shillings; and vpon newe yeares day came +againe into the whyt Fryers to beg: the printer, hauing occasion to go +that ways, not thinking of this Cranke, by chaunce met with him, who +asked his charitie for Gods sake. The printer, vewing him well, did +mistrust him to be the counterfet Cranke which deceuied him vpon +Alhollen daye at night, demaunded of whence he was and what was his +name. 'Forsoth,' saith he, 'my name is Nicolas Genings, and I came from +Lecester to seeke worke, and I am a hat-maker by my occupation, and all +my money is spent, and if I coulde get money to paye for my lodging this +night, I would seke work to morowe amongst the hatters.' The printer +perceiuing his depe dissimulation, putting his hand into his purse, +seeming to giue him some money, and with fayre allusions brought him +into the streete, where he charged the constable with him, affirminge +him to be the counterfet Cranke that ranne away vpon Alholon daye last. +The constable being very loth to medle with him, but the printer knowing +him and his depe disceit, desyred he mought be brought before the +debutie of the ward, which straight was accomplished, which whe_n_ he +came before the debuty, he demaunded of him of whence he was and what +was his name; he answered as before he did vnto _th_e printer: the +debutie asked the printer what he woulde laye vnto hys charge; he +answered and aleged him to be a vagabond and depe deceyuer of the +people, and the counterfet Crank that ran away vpon Alhallon day last +from the constable of Newington and him, and requested him earnestly to +send him to ward: the debuty thinking him to be deceiued, but +neuerthelesse laid his co_m_maundement vpon him, so that the printer +should beare his charges if he could not iustifie it; he agreed +thereunto. And so he and the constable went to cary him to the Counter: +and as they were going vnder Ludgate, this crafty Cranke toke his heeles +and ran down the hill as fast as he could dryve, the constable and the +printer after him as fast as they coulde; but the printer of _th_e twayn +being lighter of fote, ouertoke him at fleete bridge, and with strong +hand caried him to the counter, and safely deliuered him. In _th_e morow +_th_e printer sent his boy that stripped him vpon Alhalon day at night +to view him, because he would be sure, which boy knew him very well: +this Crank confessed unto the debuty, _tha_t he had hosted the night +before in Kent street in Southwarke, at the sign of the Cock, which +thing to be true, the printer sente to know, and found him a lyer; but +further inquiring, at length found out his habitation, dwelling in +maister Hilles rentes, hauinge a pretye house, well stuffed, with a +fayre ioyne table, and a fayre cubbard garnished with peuter, hauing an +old auncient woman to his wyfe. The printer being sure therof, repaired +vnto the Counter, and rebuked him for his beastly behaviour, and told +him of his false fayning, willed him to confesse it, and aske +forgivenes: he perceyued him to know his depe dissimulation, relented, +and confessed all his disceit; and so remayning in the counter three +dayes, was removed to Brydwel, where he was strypt starke naked, and his +ougly attyre put vpo_n_ him before the maisters thereof, who wondered +greatly at his dissimulation: for which offence he stode vpon the +pillery in Cheapsyde, both in his ougly and handsome attyre. And after +that went in the myll whyle his ougly picture was a drawing; and then +was whypped at a cartes tayle through London, and his displayd banner +caried before him vnto his own dore, and so backe to Brydewell again, +and there remayned for a tyme, and at length let at libertie, on that +condicio_n_ he would proue an houest man, and labour truly to get his +liuing. And his picture remayneth in Bridewell for a monyment."--See, +also, _post_, p. 89. + +[118] _of his._ B. + +[119] _which priest had._ B. + +[120] _cal-(sic)._ B. + +[121] _dumme._ B. + +[122] So printed. _an._ B. + +[123] _pasportes._ B. + +[124] _Patriarch._ B. + +[125] _faynen._ B. + +[126] _lamentably._ B. + +[127] _beholding this._ B. + +[128] _but._ B. + +[129] Omitted in 1573. + +[130] Rabbitskins. + +[131] B. inserts _sayth she_. + +[132] Omitted in 1573. + +[133] 1573 reads _I am_. + +[134] Omitted in 1573. + +[135] _mussels._ B. + +[136] _he_, ed. 1573. + +[137] _I_, ed. 1573. + +[138] _warrant._ B. + +[139] _should._ B. + +[140] 1573 reads _case_. + +[141] Omitted in 1573. + +[142] 1573 reads _tempting_. + +[143] B. inserts _a_. + +[144] _won._ B. + +[145] B. omits _that_. + +[146] B. inserts _that_. + +[147] 1573 reads _his_. + +[148] B. reads _vnsanable_, or _vnsauable_. + +[149] 1573 reads _some_. + +[150] _bryberinge._ B. + +[151] B. reads _safely_. + +[152] 1573 reads _Crayford_. + +[153] The arrangement in Bodley ed. is not alphabetical. + +[154] Omitted in 1573 edit. + +[155] Omitted in 1573 ed. + +[156] Last three words omitted in 1573 ed. + +[157] The 1573 ed. arranges these names in the following order:-- + + Thomas Beere. + + Irish man. + + Thomas Smith with the skalde skin. + + Thomas Shawneam. + +[158] The 1573 ed. reads _Persk_. + +[159] B. omits. + +[160] The 1573 ed. reads _Yannam_. + +[161] B. reads _yarum_. The 1573 ed. reads _Param_. + +[162] _custyn._ B. + +[163] For these two lines printed in small type, the 1573 edition reads, + + To fylche + *to robbe*. + +[164] _benie._ B. + +[165] _Roger._ B. + +[166] _man._ B. + +[167] _laye._ B. + +[168] B. omits _vpright_. + +[169] _nabches._ B. + +[170] _masst._ B. + +[171] This leaf is supplied in MS. in Mr Huth's edition. + +[172] _good_ in the 1573 ed. + +[173] The 1573 ed. has _some_. + +[174] Instead of "the same," the 1573 ed. reads _that_. + +[175] _maisters_. B. + +[176] This paragraph is omitted in the ed. of 1573; but see note, +_ante_, p. 56. + +[177] B. omits this stanza and has inserted the following lines under +the cut. + +THIS is the fygure of the counterfet Cranke, that is spoken of in this +boke of Roges, called Nycholas Blunt other wyse Nycholas Gennyngs. His +tale is in the xvii. lefe [pp. 55-6] of this booke, which doth showe +vnto all that reades it, woundrous suttell and crafty deseit donne of +_and_ by him. + +[178] This verse is omitted in the edition of 1573; also the wood-cut +preceding it. + +[179] B. adds 'the eight of January'. (This would make the year 1568 +according to the modern reckoning. Harman's 'New Yeares day last past, +Anno domini 1567', p. 86, must also be 1567/8.) + + + + +=A Sermon in Praise of Thieves and Thievery.= + + +[_Lansdowne MS._ 98, _leaf_ 210.] + + A sermon made by P_ar_son Haben vppon a mold hill at Hartely + Row,[180] at the Comaundment of vij. theves, whoe, after they + had robbed him, Comaunded him to Preache before them. + +I Marvell that eu_er_ye man will seme to dispraise theverye, and thinke +the doers thereof worthye of Death, when it is a thinge that Cometh nere +vnto vertve, and is vsed of all men, of all sort_es_ and in all +countryes, and soe comaunded and allowed of god himselfe which thinge, +because I cannot soe sapiently shewe vnto you a[181] soe shorte a tyme +and in soe shorte a place, I shall desire you, gentle theves, to take in +good p_ar_te this thinge that at this tyme Cometh to minde, not +misdoubtinge but you of yo_ur_ good knowledge are able to ad more vnto +the same then this which I at this tyme shall shewe vnto you. ffirst, +fortitude and stoutnes, Courage, and boldnes of stomacke, is Compted of +some a vertue; which beinge graunted, Whoe is he then that will not +Iudge theves vertuous, most stoute, most hardye? I most, without_e_ +feare. As for stealinge, that is a thinge vsuall:--who_e_ stealeth not? +ffor not only you that haue besett me, but many other in many places. +Men, Woemen, _and_ Children, Riche and poore, are dailye of that +facultye, As the hange man of Tiborne can testifye. [Header: PARSON +HABEN'S SERMON. LANDS. MS. 98.] That it is allowed of god himselfe, it +is euident in many storyes of the Scriptures. And if you liste to looke +in the whole Course of the bible, you shall finde that theves haue bin +belovid of god. ffor Iacobe, when he Came oute of Mesopotomia, did +steale his vncles lambes; the same Iacobe stale his brother Esawes +blessinge; and that god saide, "I haue chosen Iacob and refused Esawe." +The Children of Isarell, when they came oute of Egippe, didd steale the +Egippsians Iewells and ring_es_, and god comaunded the[m] soe to doe. +David, in the dayes of Ahemel[e]ch the preiste, came into the temple and +stole awaye the shewe bread; And yet god saide, "this is a man +accordinge to myne owne harte." Alsoe Christe himsellfe, when he was +here vppon earth, did take an asse, a Colte, which was none of his owne. +And you knowe that god saide, "this is my now_n_e sone, in whome I +delighte." + +Thus maye you see that most of all god delighteth in theves. I marvell, +therefore, that men can despise yo_ur_ lives, when that you are in all +poynts almost like vnto Christe; for Christ hade noe dwellinge +place,--noe more haue you. Christe, therefore, at the laste, was laide +waite for in all places,--and soe are you. Christe alsoe at the laste +was called for,--and soe shall you be. He was condemned,--soe shall you +be. Christe was hanged,--soe shall you be. He descended into hell,--so +shall you. But in one pointe you differ. He assendid into heaven,--soe +shall you never, without gods mercye, Which god graunte for his mercyes +sake! Toe whome, with the so_n_ne and the holye goste, be all hono_ur_ +and glory for euer and euer. Amen! + + After this good sermon ended, which Edefied them soe muche, Theye + hadd soe muche Compassion on him, That they gave him all his mony + agayne, and vij s more for his sermon. + + +=A Sermon in Praise of Thieves and Thievery.= + +[_MS. Cott. Vesp._ A xxv. _leaf_ 53.] + + A sermo[n)] of pa_rs_on Hyberdyne w_hi_ch he made att the + co_m_mandemente of certen theves, aft_e_r thay had Robbed hym, + besyd_es_ hartlerowe, in hamshyer, in the feld_es_, ther + standinge vpo_n_ a hy[l~l] where as a wynde myll had bene, in + the p_re_sens of the theves _tha_t robbed hy_m_, as followithe. + + the s_er_mon as followethe + +I greatly merve[l~l] _tha_t any man wy[l~l] p_re_sume to dysprase +theverie, _and_ thynke the dooer_es_ therof to be woorthy of deathe, +consyderinge itt is a thynge that cu_m_ithe nere vnto vertue, beinge +vsed of many in a[l~l] contries, And co_m_mendid _and_ allowed of god +hym selfe; the _wh_ich thinge, by-cause I cannot co_m_pendiously shew +vnto yow at soo shorte a warnynge _and_ in soo sharpe a wether, I +sha[l~l] desyer yow, gentle audiens of theves, to take in good p_ar_te +thes thyng_es_ that at thys tyme cu_m_ythe to my mynde, not mysdowtynge +but _tha_t yow of yowre good knowledge are able to add mutch more vnto +ytt the_n_ this w_hi_ch I sha[l~l] nowe vtter vnto yow. ffyrst, +fortitude, _and_ stowtnes of corage, _and_ also bowldnes of minde, is +co_m_mendyd of su_m_e men to be a vertue; w_hi_ch, beinge grawnted, who +is yt then _tha_t wy[l~l] not iudge theves to be v_er_tused? for thay be +of a[l~l] men moste stowte _and_ hardy, _and_ moste w_i_t_h_owte feare; +for thevery is a thynge moste vsua[l~l] emonge a[l~l] men, f_o_r not +only yow that be here p_re_sente, but many other in dyu_er_se plac_es_, +bothe men _and_ wemen _and_ chyldren, rytche and poore, are dayly of +thys facultye, as the hangman of tyboorne can testyfye: [Header: +PARSON HYBERDYNE'S SERMON. MS. COTT. VESP. A 26.] and that yt is allowed +of god hym selfe, as it is euydente in many storayes of [the] +scriptur_es_; for yf yow looke in the hole cowrse of the byble, yow +shall fynde that theves haue bene beloued of gode; for Iacobe, whan he +came owte of Mesopotamia, dyd steale his vncle labanes kydd_es_; the +same Iacobe also dyd steale his brothe[r] Esaues blessynge; _and_ yett +god sayde, "I haue chosen Iacobe _and_ refused Esau." The chyldren of +ysrae[l~l], wha_n_ they came owte of Egypte, dyd steale the egiptians +iewell_es_ of sylu_er_ and gowlde, as god co_m_mawnded them soo to doo. +Davyd, in the days of Abiather the hygh preste, did cu_m_e into _th_e +temple _and_ dyd steale the hallowed breede; _and_ yet god saide, "Dauid +is a ma[=n] euen after myne owne harte." Chryste hym selfe, whan he was +here on the arthe, did take an asse _and_ a cowlte _tha_t was none of +hys; _and_ yow knowe that god said of hym, "this is my beloued soone, in +whome I delighte." thus yow may see that god delightithe in theves. but +moste of a[l~l] I marve[l~l] _tha_t men can dispyse yow theves, where as +in a[l~l] poynt_es_ almoste yow be lyke vnto christe hym selfe: for +chryste had noo dwellynge place; noo more haue yow. christe wente frome +towne to towne; _and_ soo doo yow. christe was hated of a[l~l] men, +sauynge of his freend_es_; and soo are yow. christe was laid waite vpon +in many plac_es_; _and_ soo are yow. chryste at the lengthe was cawght; +_and_ soo sha[l~l] yow bee. he was browght before the iudges; _and_ soo +sha[l~l] yow bee. he was accused; _and_ soo sha[l~l] yow bee. he was +condempned; _and_ soo sha[l~l] yow bee. he was hanged; _and_ so sha[l~l] +yow bee. he wente downe into he[l~l]; _and_ soo sha[l~l] yow dooe. mary! +in this one thynge yow dyffer frome hym, for he rose agayne _and_ +assendid into heauen; _and_ soo sha[l~l] yow neuer dooe, w_i_t_h_owte +god_es_ greate mercy, w_hi_ch gode grawnte yow! to whome w_i_t_h_ the +father, _and_ the soone, _and_ the hooly ghoste, bee a[l~l] honore and +glorye, for eu_er_ _and_ eu_er_. Amen! + +Thus his s_er_mon beinge endyd, they gaue hy_m_ his money agayne that +thay tooke frome hym, _and_ ij^{s} to drynke for hys s_er_mon. + + +finis. + + +FOOTNOTES: + +[180] MS Rew. Hartley Row is on the South-Western road past Bagshot. The +stretch of flat land there was the galloping place for coaches that had +to make up time. + +[181] _in_. + + + + +[_The parts added to_ HARMAN'S CAUEAT _to make_] + + THE Groundworke of Conny-catching; the manner of their + Pedlers-French, and the meanes _to vnderstand the same, with the + cunning slights_ of the Counterfeit Cranke. + + Therein are handled the practises of the _Visiter_, the Fetches =of + the= Shifter =and= Rufflar, =the deceits of their= Doxes, =the + deuises= of Priggers, =the names of the base loytering Hosels, and + the meanes of every Blacke-Art-mans shifts, with the reproofe of all + their diuellish= practises. + + =Done by a Justice of Peace of great authoritie, who hath + had the examining of divers of them.= + +[Illustration] + + =Printed at London by= Iohn Danter =for= William Barley, =and are to + to be sold at his shop at the upper end of Gratious streete, ouer + against Leaden-hall=, 1592. + + + + +[Header: THE GROUNDWORKE OF CONNY-CATCHING.] + +*[leaf 2]* To the gentle Readers health. + +Gentle reader, as there hath beene diuers bookes set forth, as warnings +for all men to shun the craftie coossening sleights of these both men +and women that haue tearmed themselues Conny-catchers; so amongst the +rest, bestow the reading ouer of this booke, wherin thou shalt find the +ground-worke of Conny-catching, with the manner of their canting speech, +how they call all things in their language, the horrible coossening of +all these loose varlots, and the names of them in their seuerall +degrees, + + _First, The Visiter._ + 2. _The Shifter._ + 3. _The Rufflar._ + 4. _The Rogue._ + 5. _The wild Rogue._ + 6. _A prigger of Prauncers._ + 7. _A Pallyard._ + 8. _A Frater._ + 9. _An Abraham man._ + 10. _A freshwater Marriner, or Whipiacke._ + 11. _A counterfait Cranke._ + 12. _A Dommerar._ + 13. _A Dronken Tinkar._ + 14. _A Swadder, or Pedler._ + 15. _A Iarkeman & Patrico._ + 16. _A demander for glimmar._ + 17. _The baudy Basket._ + 18. _An Autem Mort._ + 19. _A walking Mort._ + 20. _A Doxe._ + 21. _A Dell._ + 22. _Kinchin Mort._ + 23. _A Kinchin Co._ + +All these playing their coossenings in their kinde are here set downe, +which neuer yet were disclosed in anie booke of Conny-catching. + +[Header: SHIFTERS AT INNS. THE VISITER.] + + *[leaf 2, back]* A new kind of shifting sleight, practised at this day + by _some of this Cony-catching crue, in Innes or vitualling + houses, but especially in Faires or Markets_, + which came to my hands since the imprinting + of the rest. + +Whereas of late diuers coossening deuises and deuilish deceites haue +beene discouered, wherby great inconueniences haue beene eschewed, which +otherwise might haue beene the vtter ouerthrowe of diuers honest men of +all degrees, I thought this, amongst the rest, not the least worthie of +noting, especially of those that trade to Faires and Markets, that +therby being warned, they may likewise be armed, both to see the deceit, +and shun the daunger. These shifters will come vnto an Inne or +vittailing house, that is most vsed in the towne, and walke vp and +downe; and if there come any gentleman or other, to lay vp either cloke, +sword, or any other thing woorth the hauing, then one of this crue +taketh the marks of the thing, or at least the token the partie giueth +them: anone, after he is gone, he likewise goeth forth, and with a great +countenance commeth in againe to the mayde or seruant, calling for what +another left: if they doubt to deliuer it, then hee frets, and calles +them at his pleasure, and tels them the markes and tokens: hauing thus +done, hee blames their forgetfulnes, and giues them a couple of pence to +buy them pinnes, bidding them fetch it straight, and know him better the +next time, wherewith they are pleasd, and he possest of his pray. Thus +one gotte a bagge of Cheese the last Sturbridge Faire; for in such +places (as a reclaimd fellow of that crue confessed) they make an +ordinary practise of the same. + +[_The Pedler's French_ follows, taken word for word from Harman's book, +p. 82-7 above.] + +*[leaf 3]* THE VISITER. + +An honest youth, not many yeares since, seruant in this City, had leaue +of his master at whitsontide to see his friends, who dwelt some fifty +miles from London. It hapned at a Country wake, his mother and hee came +acquainted with a precise scholler, that, vnder colour of strickt life, +hath bin reputed for that hee is not: hee is well knowen in Paules +Churchyard, and hath beene lately a visiting in Essex; for so he +presumes to tearme his cosening walks: and therefore wee will call him +here a Visiter. This honest seeming man must needes (sith his iourney +lay to London) stay at the yong mans mothers all the holy daies: where +as on his desert hee was kindly vsed; at length, the young man, hauing +receiued his mother's blessing, with other his friendes giftes, +amounting to some ten poundes, was to this hypocrite as to a faithful +guide committed, and toward London they ride: by the way this Visiter +discourses how excellent insight he had in Magick, to recouer by Art +anything lost or stolne. Well, to sant Albons they reach; there they sup +together, and, after the carowsing of some quarts of wine, they go to +bed, where they kindly sleepe,--the Visiter slily, but the young man +soundly. Short tale to make--out of his bed-fellow's sleeue this Visiter +conuaid his twenty Angels, besides some other od siluer, hid it closely, +and so fell to his rest. Morning comes--vp gets this couple--immediately +the money was mist, much adoo was made; the Chamberlaine with sundry +other seruants examined; and so hot the contention, that the good man, +for the discharge of his house, was sending for a Constable to haue them +both first searcht, his seruants Chests after. In the meane time the +Visiter cals the yong man aside, and bids him neuer grieue, but take +horse; and he warrants him, ere they be three miles out of towne, to +helpe him to his money by Art, saying:--"In these Innes ye see how we +shall be out-faced, and, beeing vnknowne, how euer we be wrongd, get +little remedy." The yong man, in good hope, desired him to pay the +reckoning, which done, together they ride. Being some two miles from the +towne, they ride out of the ordinary way: there he tels this youth how +vnwilling hee was to enter into the action, but that it was lost in his +company, and so forth. Well, a Circle was made, wondrous words were +vsed, many muttrings made: at length hee cries out,--"vnder a greene +turfe, by the East side of an Oake; goe thither, goe thither." This +thrice he cryed so ragingly, as the yuong man gest him mad, and was with +feare almost beside himself. At length, pausing, quoth this Visiter, +"heard ye nothing cry?" "Cry!" said the yong man, "yes; *[leaf 5, back]* +you cride so as, for twise ten pound, I would not heare ye again." +"Then," quoth he, "'tis all well, if ye remember the words." The yong +man repeated them. With that this shifter said, "Go to the furthest Oke +in the high-way towards S. Albons, and vnder a greene turfe, on the +hither side, lyes your mony, and a note of his name that stole it. Hence +I cannot stirre till you returne; neyther may either of our horses be +vntide for that time: runne yee must not, but keepe an ordinary pace." +Away goes the yong man gingerly; and, being out of sight, this copesmate +takes his cloke-bag, wherein was a faire sute of apparel, and, setting +spurres to his horse, was, ere the Nouice returned, ridde cleane out of +his view. The yong man, seeing himselfe so coossened, made patience his +best remedie, tooke his horse, and came to London, where yet it was +neuer his lucke to meet this visiter. + +[Header: A SHIFTER DESCRIBED.] + +A SHIFTER. + +A Shifter, not long since, going ordinarily booted, got leaue of a +Carrier to ride on his owne hackney a little way from London, who, +comming to the Inne where the Carier that night should lodge, honestly +set vp the horse, and entred the hal, where were at one table some three +and thirty clothiers, all returning to their seuerall countries. Vsing, +as he could, his curtesie, and being Gentleman-like attirde, he was at +all their instance placed at the vpper end by the hostesse. After hee +had a while eaten, he fel to discourse with such pleasance, that all the +table were greatly delighted therewith. In the midst of supper enters a +noise of musitions, who with their instruments added a double delight. +For them hee requested his hostesse to laye a shoulder of mutton and a +couple of capons to the fire, for which he would pay, _and_ then mooued +in their behalfe to gather. Among them a noble was made, which he +fingring, was well blest; for before he had not a crosse, yet he promist +to make it vp an angel. To be short, in comes the reckoning, which (by +reason of the fine fare _and_ excesse of wine) amounted to each mans +halfe crown. Then hee requested his hostesse to prouide so many possets +of sacke, as would furnish the table, which he would bestow on the +Gentlemen to requite their extraordinary costs: _and_ iestingly askt if +she would make him her deputie to gather the reckoning; she graunted, +and he did so: and on a sodaine, (faining to hasten his hostesse with +the possets) he tooke his cloke, and, finding fit time, hee slipt out of +doores, leauing the guestes and their hostesse to a new reckoning, _and_ +the musitians to a good supper, but they paid for the sauce. This iest +some vntruly attribute to a man of excellent parts about London, but he +is slandered: the party that performed it hath scarce any good qualitie +to liue. Of these sort I could set downe a great number, but I leaue you +now vnto those which by Maister Harman are discouered. + + [Then follows Harman's book, commencing with a Ruffelar, p. 29. The + woodcut of Nicolas Blunt and Nicolas Geninges (p. 50, above) is + given, and another one representing the Cranke after he was stripped + and washed. The volume ends with the chapter "Their vsage in the + night," p. 76-8 above,--the woodcuts and verses at the end of + Harman's book being omitted in the present _Groundworke of + Conny-catching_. The last words in the latter are, "And this must + the poore Farmer suffer, or els they threaten to burne him, and all + that he hath."] + + + + +[Header: NOTES TO HARMAN, ETC.] + +NOTES. + + +p. vii. ix, p. 19, 20. _Elizabeth, Countess of Shrewsbury, and her +parish._ The manor of Erith was granted to Elizabeth, Countess of +Shrewsbury, by Henry VIII. in the 36th year of his reign, A.D. 1544-5. +The Countess died in 1567, and was buried in the parish church of Erith. +"The manor of Eryth becoming part of the royal revenue, continued in the +crown till K. Henry VIII. in his 36th year, granted it in fee to +Elizabeth, relict of George, Earl of Shrewsbury, by the description of +the _manor, of Eryth, alias Lysnes_, with all its members and appurts., +and also all that wood, called Somersden, lying in Eryth, containing 30 +acres; and a wood, called Ludwood, there, containing 50 acres; and a +wood, called Fridayes-hole, by estimation, 20 acres, to hold of the King +_in capite_ by knight's service.[182] She was the second wife of George, +Earl of Shrewsbury, Knight of the Garter,[183] who died July 26, anno +33 K. Henry VIII.,[184] by whom she had issue one son, John, who died +young; and Anne, married to Peter Compton, son and heir of Sir Wm. +Compton, Knt., who died in the 35th year of K. Henry VIII., under age, +as will be mentioned hereafter. Elizabeth, Countess of Shrewsbury, in +Easter Term, in the 4th year of Q. Elizabeth, levied a fine of this +manor, with the passage over the Thames; and dying in the tenth year of +that reign, anno 1567,[185] lies buried under a sumptuous tomb, in this +church. Before her death this manor, &c., seem to have been settled on +her only daughter Anne, then wife of Wm. Herbert, Earl of Pembroke, and +widow of Peter Compton, as before related, who was in possession of it, +with the passage over the Thames, anno 9 Q. Elizabeth."--Hasted's +_History of Kent_, vol. i. p. 196. + +p. ix. In Lambarde's _Perambulation of Kent_ (edit. 1826), p. 66, he +mentions "Thomas Herman" as being one of the "Kentish writers." + +Lambarde, in the same volume, p. 60, also mentions "Abacuk Harman" as +being the name of one "of suche of the nobilitie and gentrie, as the +Heralds recorded in their visitation in 1574." + +There is nothing about Harman in Mr Sandys's book on Gavelkind, &c., +_Consuetudines Cantiae_. To future inquirers perhaps the following book +may be of use: + +"_Bibliotheca Cantiana_: A Bibliographical Account of what has been +published on the History, Topography, Antiquities, Customs, and Family +History of the County of Kent." By John Russell Smith. + +p. 1, 12. _The .xxv. Orders of Knaues._--Mr Collier gives an entry in +the Stationers' Registers in 1585-6: "Edward White. Rd. of him, for +printinge xxij^{tl} ballades at iiij^{d} a peece--vij^{s} iiij^{d}, and +xiiij. more at ij^{d} a peece ij^{s} iiij^{d} ... ix^{s} viij^{d}" And +No. 23 is "The xxv^{tie} orders of knaves."--_Stat. Reg._ ii. 207. + +p. 22. _The last Duke of Buckingham was beheaded._--Edward Stafford, +third Duke of Buckingham, one of Henry VIII.'s and Wolsey's victims, was +beheaded on Tower Hill, May 17, 1521, for 'imagining' the king's death. +('The murnynge of Edward Duke of Buckyngham' was one of certain +'ballettes' licensed to Mr John Wallye and Mrs Toye in 1557-8, says Mr +J. P. Collier, _Stat. Reg._ i. 4.) His father (Henry Stafford) before +him suffered the same fate in 1483, having been betrayed by his servant +Bannister after his unsuccessful rising in Brecon.--_Percy Folio +Ballads_, ii. 253. + +p. 23. _Egiptians._ The Statute 22 Hen. VIII. c. 10 is _An Acte +concernyny Egypsyans_. After enumerating the frauds committed by the +"outlandysshe people callynge themselfes Egyptians," the first section +provides that they shall be punished by Imprisonment and loss of goods, +and be deprived of the benefit of 8 Hen. VI. c. 29. "de medietate +linguae." The second section is a proclamation for the departure from the +realm of all such Egyptians. The third provides that stolen goods shall +be restored to their owners; and the fourth, that one moiety of the +goods seized from the Egyptians shall be given to the seizer. + +p. 48, l. 5. _The Lord Sturtons man; and when he was executed._ Charles +Stourton, 7th Baron, 1548-1557:--"Which Charles, with the help of four +of his own servants in his own house, committed a shameful murther upon +one Hargill, and his son, with whom he had been long at variance, and +buried their Carcasses 50 foot deep in the earth, thinking thereby to +prevent the discovery; but it coming afterwards to light, he had +sentence of death passed upon him, which he suffer'd at Salisbury, the +6th of March, Anno 1557, 4 Phil. & Mary, by an Halter of Silk, in +respect of his quality."--_The Peerage of England_, vol. ii. p. 24 +(Lond., 1710). + +p. 77. _Saint Quinten's._ Saint Quinten was invoked against coughs, says +Brand, ed. Ellis, 1841, i. 196. + +p. 77. _The Three Cranes in the Vintry._ "Then the Three Cranes' lane, +so called, not only of _a sign of three cranes at a tavern door_, but +rather of three strong cranes of timber placed on the Vintry wharf by +the Thames side, to crane up wines there, as is afore showed. This lane +was of old time, to wit, the 9th of Richard II., called The Painted +Tavern lane, of the tavern being painted."--Stow's _Survey of London_, +ed. by Thoms, p. 90. + +"The Three Cranes was formerly a favourite London sign. With the usual +jocularity of our forefathers, an opportunity for punning could not be +passed; so, instead of the three cranes, which in the vintry used to +lift the barrels of wine, three birds were represented. The Three Cranes +in Thames Street, or in the vicinity, was a famous tavern as early as +the reign of James I. It was one of the taverns frequented by the wits +in Ben Jonson's time. In one of his plays he says:-- + +'A pox o' these pretenders! to wit, your _Three Cranes_, Mitre and +Mermaid men! not a corn of true salt, not a grain of right mustard among +them all!'--_Bartholomew Fair_, act i. sc. 1. + +"On the 23rd of January, 1661/2 Pepys suffered a strong mortification +of the flesh in having to dine at this tavern with some poor relations. +The sufferings of the snobbish secretary must have been intense:-- + +'By invitation to my uncle Fenner's, and where I found his new wife, a +_pitiful, old, ugly, ill-bred_ woman in a hatt, a mid-wife. Here were +many of his, and as many of her, relations, _sorry, mean people_; and +after choosing our gloves, we all went over to the Three Cranes Taverne; +and though the best room of the house, in such a narrow dogghole we +were crammed, and I believe we were near 40, that it made me loath my +company and victuals, and a very poor dinner it was too.' + +"Opposite this tavern people generally left their boats to shoot the +bridge, walking round to Billingsgate, where they would reenter +them."--Hotten's _History of Signboards_, p. 204. + +p. 77. _Saynt Iulyans in Thystellworth parish._ 'Thistleworth, see +Isleworth,' says Walker's Gazetteer, ed. 1801. That there might well +have been a St Julyan's Inn there we learn from the following extract: + +"St. Julian, the patron of travellers, wandering minstrels, +boatmen,[186] &c., was a very common inn sign, because he was supposed +to provide good lodgings for such persons. Hence two St. Julian's +crosses, in saltier, are in chief of the innholders' arms, and the old +motto was:--'When I was harbourless, ye lodged me.' This benevolent +attention to travellers procured him the epithet of 'the good +herbergeor,' and in France '_bon herbet_.' His legend in a MS., +Bodleian, 1596, fol. 4, alludes to this:-- + + 'Therefore yet to this day, thei that over lond wende, + They biddeth Seint Julian, anon, that gode herborw he hem sende; + And Seint Julianes Pater Noster ofte seggeth also + For his faders soule, and his moderes, that he hem bring therto.' + +And in '_Le dit des Heureux_,' an old French fabliau:-- + + 'Tu as dit la patenotre + Saint Julian a cest matin, + Soit en Roumans, soit en Latin; + Or tu seras bien ostile.' + +In mediaeval French, _L'hotel Saint Julien_ was synonymous with good +cheer. + + '---- Sommes tuit vostre. + Par Saint Pierre le bon Apostre, + L'ostel aurez Saint Julien,' + +says Mabile to her feigned uncle in the fabliau of '_Boivin de +Provins_;' and a similar idea appears in 'Cocke Lorell's bote,' where +the crew, after the entertainment with the 'relygyous women' from the +Stews' Bank, at Colman's Hatch, + + 'Blessyd theyr shyppe when they had done, + And dranke about a _Saint Julyan's_ tonne.' + + Hotten's _History of Signboards_," p. 283. + +"Isleworth in Queen Elizabeth's time was commonly in conversation, and +sometimes in records, called Thistleworth."--Lysons' _Environs of +London_, vol. iii. p. 79. + +p. 77. _Rothered_: ? Rotherhithe. + +p. 77. _The Kynges Barne_, betwene Detforde and Rothered, can hardly be +the great hall of Eltham palace. Lysons (_Environs of London_, iv. p. +399) in 1796, says the hall was then used as a barn; and in vol. vi. of +the _Archaeologia_, p. 367, it is called "King John's Barn." + +p. 77. _Ketbroke._ Kidbrooke is marked in large letters on the east of +Blackheath on the mordern Ordnance-map; and on the road from Blackheath +to Eltham are the villages or hamlets of Upper Kidbrooke and Lower +Kidbrooke. + +"Kedbrooke lies adjoining to Charlton, on the south side of the London +Road, a small distance from Blackheath. It was antiently written +Cicebroc, and was once a parish of itself, though now (1778 A.D.) it is +esteemed as an appendage to that of Charlton."--Hasted's _History of +Kent_, vol. i. p. 40. + +p. 100. _Sturbridge Fair._ Stourbridge, or Sturbich, the name of a +common field, extending between Chesterton and Cambridge, near the +little brook Sture, for about half a mile square, is noted for its fair, +which is kept annually on September 19th, and continues a fortnight. It +is surpassed by few fairs in Great Britain, or even in Europe, for +traffic, though of late it is much lessened. The booths are placed in +rows like streets, by the name[s] of which they are called, as +Cheapside, &c., and are filled with all sorts of trades. The Duddery, an +area of 80 or 100 yards square, resembles Blackwell Hall. Large +commissions are negotiated here for all parts of England in _cheese_, +woolen goods, wool, leather, hops, upholsterers' and ironmongers' ware, +&c. &c. Sometimes 50 hackney coaches from London, ply morning and night, +to and from Cambridge, as well as all the towns round, and the very +barns and stables are turned into inns for the accommodation of the +poorer people. After the wholesale business is over, the country gentry +generally flock in, laying out their money in stage-plays, taverns, +music-houses, toys, puppet-shows, &c., and the whole concludes with a +day for the sale of horses. This fair is under the jurisdiction of the +University of Cambridge.--_Walker's Gazetteer_, ed. 1801. See Index to +Brand's _Antiquities_. + + +FOOTNOTES: + +[182] Rot Esch. ejus an, pt. 6. + +[183] This lady was one of the daughters and co-heirs of Sir Richard +Walden, of this parish, Knt., and the Lady Margaret his wife, who both +lie buried in this church [of Erith]. He was, as I take it, made Knight +of the Bath in the 17th year of K. Henry VII., his estate being then +certified to be 40_l._ per annum, being the son of Richard Walden, esq. +Sir Richard and Elizabeth his wife both lie buried here. _MSS. Dering._ + +[184] Dugd. Bar. vol. i. p. 332. + +[185] Harman's dedication of his book to her was no doubt written in +1566, and his 2nd edition, in both states, published before the +Countess's death. + +[186] Of pilgrims, and of whoremongers, say Brand and Sir H. Ellis +(referring to the _Hist. des Troubadours_, tom. i. p. 11,) in _Brand's +Antiquities_, ed. 1841, i. 202. Chaucer makes him the patron of +hospitality, saying of the Frankeleyn, in the Prologue to the +_Canterbury Tales_, "Seynt Iulian he was in his contre." Mr Hazlitt, in +his new edition of Brand, i. 303, notes that as early as the _Ancren +Riwle_, ab. 1220 A.D., we have 'Surely they (the pilgrims) find St. +Julian's inn, which wayfaring men diligently seek.' + + + + +INDEX + + + Abraham men, those who feign madness, 3; one of them, named Stradlynge, + 'the craftiest and moste dyssemblyngest knaue,' 47 + + Altham, a curtall's wife, 4 + + Arsenick, to make sores with, 44 + + associate, accompany, 53 + + Autem, a church, 67, 83 + + ---- Mortes, description of, 67; as chaste as Harman's 'Cowe,' 67 + + Awdeley, Iohn, a printer, 1 + + Awdeley's _Vacabondes_; Harman's references to, 20, 60 + + Axiltrye, casting of the, 46 + + + baken, bacon, 3 + + baudy banquet, whoring, 63 + + bauer, ? band, 52 + + Bawd Phisicke, a cook, 14 + + Bawdy baskets, description of, 65; a story of one who, with an upright + man, spoiled a poor beggar of his money, 66 + + beggar by inheritance, 42 + + belly chere, food, 32 + + belly chete, an apron, 83 + + benat, better, 86 + + bene, good, 83 + + bene bowse, good drink, 59 + + beneship, very well, 86 + + benshyp, very good, 83, 86 + + beray, dung, 13; dirty, 52 + + beteled, ? (_betelled_ is deceived), 67 + + Bethlem Hospital, 52, 53 + + Blackheath, 77 + + bletinge chete, a calf or sheep, 83 + + Blunt, Nicolas, an upright man, 50, 87 + + bong, purse, 84, 86 + + booget, a bag, 59 + + bord, a shilling, 83 + + ----, half a, sixpence, 83 + + borsholders, 21, _n._, superior constables. See Halliwell's _Glossary_. + + bottell, bundle, truss, 72 + + Bottomelye, Besse, a harlot, 75 + + bousing ken, an ale-house, 83 + + bowle, drink bowls of liquor, 32 + + bowse, drink, 32, 83; _v._ to drink, 84 + + braste, burst, 73 + + Bridewell, 57, 87 + + broused, bruised, 29 + + bryberinge, stealing, 60 + + Buckes, baskets, 21 + + Buckingham, Duke of, beheaded, 22 + + bufe, a dog, 84 + + bung, a purse, 83, 84, 86 + + buskill, ? bustle, wriggle, 15 + + bychery, 67 + + bycherye, whoring, 61 + + byd, pray, 15 + + byng a waste, go you hence, 84 + + + cakling chete, a cock, or capon, 83 + + can skyl, know, 8 + + cante, to speak, 84 + + Canting, the language of vagabonds, 23; list of words, 82-4; specimen + of, 84-6 + + Capcases, covers for caps, small bandboxes, 65 + + Capon hardy, 12. For 'capron hardy,' 'a notable whipster or twigger,' a + bold or saucy young scamp. (See the Index to Caxton's _Book of + Curtesye_, E. E. T. Soc., p. 54.) + + cassan, cheese, 83 + + caster, a cloak, 82 + + casting of the sledge, 46 + + Caueat, a warning, 17 + + Chafe litter, the knave, described, 13 + + chafer, heating dish, 59 + + Charing Cross, 58 + + chattes, the gallows, 84, 86 + + Chayne, a gentleman, 58 + + Cheapside, 57, 87 + + Cheatours, card-sharpers enticing young men to their hosteries, win + their money and depart, 7 + + cheeke by cheeke (now 'by jowl'), 12 + + chete, animal, 83, col. 2, foot + + chetes, things, 42 + + Choplogyke, description of, 15 + + Christ, like a thief, 94, 95 + + Christes Hospital, 8 + + Clapperdogens, 44. _See_ Palliards. + + Clement's Inn, 53 + + clocke, a cloak, 55 + + clyme three tres with a ladder, to ascend the gallows, 31 + + cly the gerke, to be whipped, 84 + + Cole, false, 15. (See Mr R. Morris in _Notes and Queries_, Oct., 1869, + on _Colfox_, &c.) + + Cole Prophet, description of, 15 + + commission, a shirt, 83 + + Commitour of Tidings, a tell-tale, 14 + + common, commune, 45 + + conneys, rabbits, 35 + + conneyskins, rabbitskins, 65 + + connizance, cognizance, 35 + + Cornwall, 48 + + Cory fauell, a knave, described, 16 + + couch a hogshead, lie down and sleep, 77, 84 + + Counterfet Crankes, description of, 51; story of one that Harman + watched, 51; how he was dressed, 51; his refusal to wash when hidden, + 52; gives the name of Genings, 52; said he had been in Bethlehem + Hospital, 52, which Harman found to be a lie, 53; in the middle of + the day he goes into the fields and renews the blood on his face, 53; + what money he received, 53; at night he goes to Newington, where he + is given in charge, 54; the amount of his gains, 55; his escape, 55; + his recapture, 56, _n._; his punishment, 57, _n._ + + Cousoners, cheaters, 1 + + Crashing chetes, teeth, 82 + + crassinge chetes, apples, pears, or any other fruit, 84 + + Cross Keys Inn in Cranford (Middlesex) or Crayford (Kent), 77 + + cuffen, fellow, 86. _See_ Quyer. + + Cursetors, 17; explanation of, 27 + + Curtal, 37 + + Curtall, one who is next in authority to an upright man, 4 + + Curtesy man, described, 6 + + cutte, to say, 84 + + cutte bene whydds, speak or give good words, 84 + + cutte benle, speak gently, 84 + + cutte quyre whyddes, give evil words or evil language, 84 + + + darkemans, night, 84 + + Dartford, 58 + + David, a thief, 94, 95 + + ded lyft, a; last refuge, 34 + + Dells, rogues' virgins, described, 75 + + Demaunder for glymmar, description of, 61; story of one who behaved + courteously to one man and uncourteously to another, 61-65 + + Deptford, 77 + + Desmond, Earl of, 82 + + Devil's Pater noster, 15 + + Devonshire, 48 + + dewse a vyle, the country, 84, 86 + + Dialogue, between upright man and rogue, 84-87 + + dokte, fornicated with, 87 + + Dommerar, description of, 57; of one who was made to speak, and + afterwards punished on the pillory, 58, 59 + + doson, dozen, 34 + + Doxes, description of, 4, 6, 73 + + Draw-the-pudding-out-of-the-fire; a beggars' inn at Harrow-on-the-Hill, + 77 + + drawers, hosen, 83 + + Drawlatches, a class of beggars, 27 + + Dronken Tinckar, description of, 59 + + drouselye, drowsily, 76 + + dudes, cloths, 83 + + dup the gyger, open the door, 84 + + Dyng-thrift, description of, 15 + + + Egiptians, description of, 23 + + Esau, a thief, 94, 95 + + Esaye, Isaiah, 24 + + Esen Droppers, eaves-droppers, 15 + + exonerate, empty (one's belly), 55 + + + factors, tax-gatherers, 45 + + fambles, hands, 82; famble, 87 + + fambling chete, ring on the hand, 82 + + Faytores, a class of beggars, 27 + + ferres, 35, ferries + + Filtchman, the truncheon of a staff, 4 + + Fingerers, 7-9. _See_ Cheatours. + + for knowing; against, to prevent, being recognized, 71 + + flagg, a groat, 83, 85 + + flebytinge, 73 + + fletinge Fellowshyp, the company of vagabonds, 24 + + Frater, one who goes with a licence to beg for some Spittlehouse or + Hospital, but who usually robs poor women, 4; description of, 45 + + Freshwater Mariner, description of, 48 + + Furmenty, 22 + + fustian fume, 46 + + fylche, to beat, to rob, 84 + + fylthy firy flankard, 29 + + fynesed, finished, 70 + + Fyngerer, 8, 9 + + + gage, a quart pot, 83 + + ---- of bowse, a quart of drink, 34 + + gally slopes, breeches, 35 + + gan, a mouth, 82 + + gealy gealowsit, good fellowship, 55 + + gentry cofes ken, a noble or gentleman's house, 83 + + gentry morte, a noble or gentlewoman, 84 + + Genynges, Nicolas, a counterfeit cranke, 50, 87 + + gestes, guests, 61 + + Glasyers, eyes, 82 + + glimmeringe morte, a woman who travels the country begging, saying her + goods have been burnt, 61 + + glymmar, fire, 61, 83 + + grannam, corn, 83 + + Grauesend barge, a resort of vagabonds and knaves, 1 + + graunt, agree, 53 + + greffe, grief, 55 + + Grene Winchard, description of a, 14 + + _Groundworke of Conny-catching_, 97 + + grunting chete, or patricos kynchen, a pig, 83 + + Gryffith, Wylliam, a printer, 17 + + Gybe, a licence, 4; a writing, 83 + + gygger, a door, 83, 85 + + Gyle Hather, description of, 14 + + gyllot, a whore, 71 + + + Haben, a witty parson, 92 + + hande charcher, handkerchief, 72 + + Harman beck, constable, 84 + + Harman, Thomas, his _Caveat_, 17-91; epistle to the reader, 27; his old + tenant, 30; his copper cauldron stolen, 35; recovered, 35; notice to + tinkers of the loss of his cauldron, 35; his gelding stolen, 44; in + commission of the peace, 60; paid for beggars' secrets, 74 + + Harmans, the stocks, 84 + + Harrow-on-the-Hill, inn at, 77 + + Hartley Row in Hampshire, 92, 93 + + Hearing chetes, ears, 82 + + heauing of the bowth, robbing the booth, 4 + + Helpers of rogues, 9 + + Helycon, 28 + + heue a bough, rob a booth, 84 + + Hill's, Mr, Rents, 57 + + _him_ redundant: leapes him, 43, l. 24 + + Hoker, or Angglear, description of, 35; anecdote of one who took the + clothes of the bed in which 3 men were sleeping, without awaking + them, 36 + + Holborn, 54 + + hollowe hosteler, 63 + + horse locke, 39 + + hosen, breeches, 71, 72 + + hosted, lodged, 57, _n._ + + hosteries, card-sharpers' resorts, 9 + + House of Pity, inn in Northall, 77 + + hoyssed, hoisted, 20 + + huggeringe, loitering, 43 + + Hyberdyne, a parson, 93 + + hygh, hie, 33 + + hygh pad, highway, 84 + + + Jacob, a thief, 94, 95 + + Iarckeman, a maker of counterfeit licences, 5, 60 + + Iarckes, seals, 4 + + Iarke, a seal, 83 + + ich, I, 8 + + Jeffrey Gods Fo, a liar, 13 + + Ingratus, an ungrateful knave, 16 + + in printe, meaning 'correct,' 45 + + Iockam, yard, penis, 87 + + iompe, jump, plump, exactly, 44 + + Irishe toyle, a beggar, 5 + + Irish rogues, 44, 48 + + Isleworth (Thystellworth), St Julian's, a beggars' inn at, 77 + + Iusticers, Justices, 21 + + + Karle, a knave, 8 + + ken, a house, 83, 84, 86 + + Kent, a man of worship in, death of, 22 + + Kent, mentioned, 37, 43, 48, 61, 63, 66, 68, 77 + + Kent St, Southwark, 57 + + Ketbroke, a beggars' inn, near Blackheath, 77 + + kinde, nature, 52 + + Kitchen Co, a boy, 5, 76 + + ---- Morte, a girl, 5, 76 + + Knapsbery (inn near London), 77 + + Knaues, 25 orders of, 1 + + ----, quartern of, 1 + + Kynges barne, beggars' inn in Kent, 77 + + + lage, water, 83 + + lag of dudes, a bucke of clothes, 83 + + lap, butter, milk, or whey, 83 + + lasy Lorrels, 82 + + lecherous husband cured, 68-73 + + Leicester, 56 + + lewed lecherous loyteringe, 31 + + lewtering Luskes, 82 + + licoryce knaue, a drunkard, 13 + + lightmans, day, 84 + + (Lincoln's Inn) Fields, 53 + + London, 30, 42, 49 + + lousey leuterars, vagabonds, 22 + + lowhinge chete, a cow, 83 + + lowre, money, 83, 85, 86 + + Lubbares, lubbers, 47 + + luckly, lucky, 19 + + Ludgate, 57 + + lybbege, a bed, 83 + + lybbet, a stick, 26 + + lykinge, lustful, 21 + + Lynx eyes, 54. (See Index to Hampole's _Pricke of Conscience_.) + + Lypken, a house to lie in, 83 + + + make, halfpenny, 83 + + make (think) it strange, 41 + + makes, mates, 23 + + mammerings, mumblings, 72 + + manerly marian, 62 + + margery prater, a hen, 83 + + Mariner, one at Portsmouth the maker of counterfeit licences for + Freshwater mariners, 49 + + matche of wrastlinge, 46 + + maunde, ask or require, 84, 85 + + Messenger, Ione, an honest bawdy basket, 65 + + Milling of the ken, sending children into houses to rob, 67 + + mofling chete, a napkin, 83 + + mounched, eat, 72 + + mounch-present, one who, being sent by his master with a present, must + taste of it himself, 14 + + myll a ken, rob a house, 84 + + mynt, gold, 83 + + + Nab, a head, 82, 86 + + Nabchet, a hat or cap, 82 + + nase, drunken, 86 + + Newhaven, 67 + + Newington, 54, 56 + + Nichol Hartles, a coward, 13 + + Northall, beggars' inn at, 77 + + nosegent, a nun, 83 + + nouels, news, 14 + + Nunquam, a loitering servant, 16 + + nygle, haue to do with a woman carnally, 84 + + nyp a boung, to cut a purse, 84 + + + Obloquium, a malapert knave, 13 + + occupying, holding of land, 38 + + of, off, 39 + + oysters of East Kent, 68 + + + Palliards, description of, 4, 44; doings of, 44; list of names of, 81, + 82 + + pannam, bread, 83 + + Param, milk, 83, _n._ + + patrico, a priest, 6, 60 + + paulmistrie, fortune-telling, 23 + + pecke, meat, 86 + + peddelars Frenche. _See_ Canting. + + pek, meat, 83 + + peld pate, head uncovered, 34 + + pelte, clothes, 76 + + peltinge, ? paltry, contemptible, 20 + + Penner, a pen-case, 54 + + pens, pence, 55 + + pickthanke knaue, 14 + + pillory in Cheapside, 57 + + pitching of the barre, 46 + + pity: it pytied him at the hart, 41 + + poppelars, porridge, 83 + + porte sale, ? quick sale, 77 + + Portsmouth, 49 + + Poules, St Paul's, 8 + + prat, a buttocke, 82 + + prating knaue, 15 + + pratling chete, a tongue, 82 + + prauncer, a horse, 83 + + Prigger of Paulfreys, a stealer of horses, 4 + + Proctour, a liar, 14; keeper of a spittlehouse, 45 + + PROVERBS: + although Truth be blamed, it shall never be shamed, 28 + as the begger knowes his dishe, 32 + don't wake the sleeping dog, 73 + God hath done his part, 48 + out of sight, out of minde, 32 + swete meate wyll haue sowre sawce, 72 + + prygge, to ride, 84 + + Prygger of Prauncers, description of, 42; a story of a gentleman who + lost his horse by giving it in charge for a short time to a + 'priggar,' 43 + + Prygges, tinkers, 59 + + Prygman, one who steals clothes off hedges, and a robber of poultry, 3 + + + quakinge chete, or red shanke, a drake or duck, 83 + + quaromes, a body, 82 + + Queen Elizabeth, 21 + + quier, nought, 83 + + Quier crampringes, bolts or fetters, 84, 86 + + Quire bird, one lately come out of prison, 4 + + quyer cuffyn, justice of the peace, 84, 86 + + Quyerkyn, prison house, 84, 86 + + + rabblement, 19 + + rakehelles, 19 + + Ratsbane, 44 + + rechles, reckless, 15 + + rifflinge, 32 + + Rince pytcher, a drunkard, 13 + + Ring chopper, description of, 11 + + ---- faller, description of, 10 + + Robardesmen, robbers, 27. See William of Nassington's description of + them quoted in _Notes & Queries_ by F. J. F. 1869; and _The Vision + of Piers Plowman_, ed. Wright, ii. 506, 521. + + Robin goodfelow, 36 + + Rochester, 66 + + Rogeman, a receiver of stolen clothes, 3 + + Roger, or tyb of the buttery, a goose, 83 + + Roges, description of, 36; subject to beastly diseases, 37; list of + names of, 80, 81 + + Rogues, a story of two, who made the acquaintance of a parson at an + ale-house, and afterwards went to his house and robbed him, 37 + + Rome bouse, wine, 83 + + Rome mort, the Queen, 84 + + Rome vyle, London, 84 + + Rothered in Kent, 77 + + rowsey, ? rough, or frowzy, 19 + + Royal Exchange, 8 + + roylynge, travelling, 31 + + ruffe, rough, 33 + + Ruffeler, a robber of 'wayfaring men and market women,' 3, 29; a story + of one who robbed an old man, a tenant of Harman's, on Blackheath, 30 + + ruffian cly the, devil take thee, 84 + + ruffian, to the, 84, to the devil + + ruffmans, woods or bushes, 84 + + ruff pek, bacon, 83 + + ruysting, roystering, 32 + + + Salomon, an altar, or mass, 83 + + sawght, sought, 62 + + Saynt Augustyn, 24 + + scelorous, wicked, 20 + + sewerly, surely, 50 + + Shifters, 1 + + shotars hyl, Shooter's Hill, 30 + + Shreeues, sheriffs, 21 + + Shrewd turne, ? sharp handling, hard usage, 15 + + Shrewsbury, Elizabeth Countess of, Harman's dedication to, 19 + + shrodge, shrugged, hugged, 71 + + Simon soone agon, a loitering knave, 13 + + skew, a cup, 83 + + Skoller, a waterman (and his boat), 54 + + skower the cramprings, wear bolts or fetters, 84 + + skypper, a barn, 83 + + slates, sheets to lie in, 61, 76, 77, 83 + + small breefe, old briefe of vacabonds, meaning Awdeley's book, 20 + + smell feastes, 46 + + smelling chete, a nose, 82; a garden or orchard, 84 + + snowte fayre, fair-faced, 61 + + sod, boiled, 22 + + Somersetshire, 61 + + soup, chewed, to produce foaming at the mouth, 51 + + Spanlles, spaniel-dogs, 33 + + Spearwort, 44 + + Spice-cakes, 12 + + spitlehouse, 45; row in a, 45; the constable wants to take in custody + the roysterers, 46; the good wife of the house intreats him for her + guests, and while so doing the next door neighbours enter the + kitchen, and steal the supper that she was preparing, 46 + + squaymysh, squeamish, 55 + + St. George's Fields, 54 + + St. Giles's in the Fields, 54 + + St. Julian's (inn in Thystellworth; Isleworth), 77 + + St. Quinten's (inn near London), 77 + + St. Tybbe's (inn near London), 77 + + stall, to make or ordain, 84 + + stalling to the rogue, ceremony of, 34 + + stampers, shoes, 83 + + stampes, legs, 82 + + Statutes, i. Edw. VI. c. iii, p. 20, _n._; xxvii. Hen. VIII. for + punishment of vagabonds, 29 + + staulinge ken, a house that will receive stolen wares, 32, 83 + + stibber gibber knaue, a liar, 14 + + stow you, hold your peace, 84 + + Stradlynge, an Abraham man, 47 + + strommell, straw, 83 + + Sturton, Lord, 48 + + summer-games, 47 + + surgeon, who strung up the dumb rogue, 58-9 + + Swadders and Pedlers, description of, 60 + + Swygman, a pedlar, 5 + + + tempering, tampering, 70 + + Temple Bar, 53 + + 'Thank God of all,' 67 (cp. Shakspere's 'Thank God you are rid of a + knave.' _Much Ado_, iii. 3.) + + the, thee, 55 + + Thieves, a sermon in praise of, 92 + + 'Three trees,' the gallows, 31 + + tickle in the ear, gammon, 9 + + Tinkard, a beggar, 5 + + tiplinge[house], an ale-house, 40 + + tittiuell knaue, a tale-bearer, 15 + + togeman, a coat, 77, 82 + + tortylles, turtle-doves, lovers, 62 + + towre, see, 84, 85 + + trashe, goods, 77 + + trininge, hanging, the end of roges, 37, 84 + + Troll and troll by, a knave, described, 12 + + Troll Hazard of Trace, a knave, 12 + + Troll Hazard of tritrace, a knave, 13 + + Troll with, a knave, 12 + + Truth, proverb as to, 28 + + tryninge, hanging, 84 + + twin'd hempe, rope and gallows, 29 (cp. Bulleyn in _The Babees Book_, p. + 240-3) + + _Two Gent. of Verona_, 45 + + Tynckars, Harman sends notice of the stealing of his cauldron to the, 35 + + typ, secret, 20 + + typlinge houses, alehouses, 24 + + + Vacabonde--one being caught, and brought before the justices of the + peace, promised to tell them the names and degrees of his fellows, + on condition that he escaped punishment, which being granted, he + fulfilled his promise, and Awdeley obtained the materials for his + book, 2 + + Vacabondes, beggerly, 1; ruflyng, 1; 'the old briefe' of, 60 + + Vagabondes, their vsage in the night, 76 + + Vagabonds, account of the doings of, at the funeral of a man of worship + in Kent, 22 + + vagarantes, 19 + + Vngracious, a man who will not work, 15 + + Vnthrift, a reckless knave, 15 + + vntrus, to undress, 72 + + Vpright man, description of, 1, 4, 31 + + Vpright men, list of the names of, 78, 79, 80 + + Vrmond, Earle of, 82 + + + walkinge mortes, description of, 67; a story of a trick that one played + on a man who would have had to do with her, and the punishment he + received instead, 67-73 + + wannion, a curse, 62 + + wappinge, fornicating, 87 + + Washman, one who shams lameness, sickness, etc., 5 + + waste, bynge a; go hence, 84, 86 + + watch, the constable, 45 + + watche, person, 61; our watche, us, 86 + + Welsh rogues, 44, 57 + + Whistle, anecdote of the, 61-5 + + Whipiacke, a robber of booths and stalls, 4 + + Whitefriars, 51, 56 + + whydds, words, 84, 86 + + whystell, whistle, 62 + + whyte money, silver, 42 + + wilde roge, description of, 41; story of one robbing a man, of whom he + had just begged, 42 + + wilde roge's reason for being a beggar, 42 + + windless, out of breath, 73 + + windshaken knaue, 66 + + woode, mad, 14 + + Wostestowe, a servant of the Lord Keeper's, 58 + + wyld Dell, description of, 75 + + wyn, a penny, 83 + + + yannam, bread, 83, _n._ + + yaram, milk, 83 + + yemen, yeomen, 22 + + ynkell, tape, 65 + + +_Richard Clay & Sons, Limited, London and Bungay._ + + + + +Errata List: + + n. 1: "Wiemarisches Jahrbuch" should be "Weimarisches Jahrbuch." + + p. xix: "to be rosolued" should be "to be resolued." + + p. xxi: "under theee titles" should be "under these titles." + + p. 7: "The Groundworke of Conny-catching": this page should be numbered + p. 97, in consistency with the Table of contents and the Index. The + original number has been retained. + + p. 12: "Troll and Trol" should be "Troll and Troll." + + p. 47: "These Abrahom men" should be "These Abraham men." + + p. 66: "sayth she vnto vnto her make" should be "sayth she vnto her + make." + + p. 91: "Anno Domni. 1567." should be "Anno Domini. 1567." + + p. 105: "_An Acte concernyny Egypsyans_." should be "_An Acte + concernyng Egypsyans_." + + p. 107: "on the mordern Ordnance-map" should be "on the modern + Ordnance-map." + + In the Index, page number 17 corresponds to page 2 of the book. The + original number has been retained: + + "Caueat, a warning, 17" should be "Caueat, a warning, 2" + + "Cursetors, 17; explanation of, 27" should be "Cursetors, 2; + explanation of, 27" + + "Gryffith, Wylliam, a printer, 17" should be "Gryffith, Wylliam, a + printer, 2" + + + + + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of The Rogues and Vagabonds of +Shakespeare's Youth, by John Awdeley and Thomas Harman + +*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK ROGUES AND VAGABONDS *** + +***** This file should be named 38850.txt or 38850.zip ***** +This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: + https://www.gutenberg.org/3/8/8/5/38850/ + +Produced by Irma Špehar, Eleni Christofaki and the Online +Distributed Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net (This +file was produced from images generously made available +by The Internet Archive/Canadian Libraries) + + +Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions +will be renamed. + +Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no +one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation +(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without +permission and without paying copyright royalties. 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