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+The Project Gutenberg EBook of Notes and Queries, Vol. IV, Number 102,
+October 11, 1851, by Various
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: Notes and Queries, Vol. IV, Number 102, October 11, 1851
+       A Medium of Inter-communication for Literary Men, Artists,
+       Antiquaries, Genealogists, etc.
+
+Author: Various
+
+Editor: George Bell
+
+Release Date: February 6, 2012 [EBook #38773]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: UTF-8
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES AND QUERIES, OCTOBER 11, 1851 ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by Charlene Taylor, Jonathan Ingram and the Online
+Distributed Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net (This
+file was produced from images generously made available
+by The Internet Library of Early Journals.)
+
+
+
+
+
+[Transcriber's note: Original spelling varieties have not been
+standardized; "TR:" as in [TR: Lilith] marks a transcriber's note.
+Underscores have been used to indicate _italic_ fonts, or _emphasis_
+in Greek. A list of volumes and pages in "Notes and Queries"
+has been added at the end.]
+
+
+
+
+NOTES and QUERIES:
+
+A MEDIUM OF INTER-COMMUNICATION
+
+FOR
+
+LITERARY MEN, ARTISTS, ANTIQUARIES, GENEALOGISTS, ETC.
+
+"When found, make a note of."--CAPTAIN CUTTLE.
+
+VOL. IV.--NO. 102. SATURDAY, OCTOBER 11. 1851.
+
+Price Threepence. Stamped Edition, 4_d._
+
+
+
+
+CONTENTS.
+
+                                                                Page
+
+
+      NOTES:--
+
+      Effigies of  English Sovereigns extant in France, by
+      W. S. Gibson                                               265
+
+      Arabic Inscriptions--Mocatteb Mountains, by T. J.
+      Buckton                                                    266
+
+      Additions to Cunningham's Hand-book of London              267
+
+      Richard Rolle of Hampole, No. II.                          268
+
+      A Funeral in Hamburgh, by W. S. Hesleden                   269
+
+      Folk Lore:--The Baker's Daughter--"Pray remember the
+      Grotto" on St. James's Day--The King's Evil--Bees          269
+
+      The Caxton Coffer, by Bolton Corney                        270
+
+      Minor Notes:--Braham Moor--Portraits of Burke              270
+
+      QUERIES:--
+
+      General James Wolfe, who fell at Quebec                    271
+
+      Walker's Sufferings of the Clergy                          272
+
+      Minor Queries:--Colonies in England--Buxtorf's
+      Translation of the "Treatise on Hebrew Accents"
+      by Elias Levita--The Name "Robert"--Meaning of
+      "Art'rizde"--Sir William Griffith of North
+      Wales--The Residence of William Penn--Martial's
+      Distribution of Hours--Moonlight--Ash-sap given to
+      new-born Children--Cockney--Full Orders--Earwig--The
+      Soul's Errand                                              272
+
+      MINOR QUERIES ANSWERED:--Call a Spade, a Spade--Prince
+      Rupert's Drops--"Worse than a Crime"--Arbor Lowe,
+      Stanton Moor, Ayre Family--Bishop of Worcester "On
+      the Sufferings of Christ"--Lord Clifford--Latin
+      Translation of Sarpi's Council of Trent--Livery
+      Stables                                                    274
+
+      REPLIES:--
+
+      Mabillon's Charge against the Spanish Clergy--Campanella
+      and Adami--Wilkes MSS., by Henry Hallam                    275
+
+      Printing                                                   276
+
+      The Pendulum Demonstration, &c.                            277
+
+      Winifreda--"Childe Harold," by Samuel Hickson              277
+
+      The Three Estates of the Realm, by William Fraser          278
+
+      Meaning of Whig and Tory, by David Stevens                 281
+
+      Recovery of Lost Authors of Antiquity, by Kenneth
+      R. H. MacKenzie                                            282
+
+      MS. Note in a Copy of Liber Sententiarum                   282
+
+      Replies to Minor Queries:--Warnings to Scotland--Fides
+      Carbonaria--Fire Unknown--Pope and Flatman--Pope's
+      Translations or Imitations of Horace--Lord Mayor
+      not a Privy Councillor--Herschel anticipated--Sanford's
+      Descensus--Pope's "honest Factor"--"A little Bird told
+      me," &c.                                                   283
+
+      MISCELLANEOUS:--
+
+      Notes on Books, Sales, Catalogues, &c.                     285
+
+      Books and Odd Volumes wanted                               286
+
+      Notices to Correspondents                                  286
+
+      Advertisements                                             287
+
+
+
+
+Notes.
+
+
+THE EFFIGIES OF ENGLISH SOVEREIGNS EXTANT IN FRANCE.
+
+In the year 1816, Mr. Charles Stothard discovered in a cellar (as it is
+described) of one of the buildings adjoining the ruined abbey at
+Fontevraud, which was then used as a prison, the monumental effigies of
+King Henry II., Eleanor of Aquitaine his queen, King Richard I., and
+Queen Isabella of Angoulême. It had been feared that these monuments
+shared the destruction of the royal tombs from which they were torn, in
+the fearful outrages of the Revolution; but they were found to have
+escaped the general havoc, although they had suffered some mutilation.
+They are described to be sculptures almost coeval with the decease of
+the sovereigns represented, and to possess such a chaste grandeur and
+simplicity of character as to add great artistic value to their
+historical importance. Mr. Stothard represented to the English
+government of that day the propriety of rescuing such venerable
+monuments from further injury, and of bringing them to Westminster
+Abbey; and an application appears to have been made, through some
+official channel, to the French authorities; but it was not successful,
+though it had the effect, as it is said, of inducing the latter to
+direct measures to be taken for the better preservation of these
+effigies. About the same time, Mr. Stothard discovered the monumental
+effigy of Queen Berengaria in the ruins of her once-stately abbey-church
+of L'Espan, near Mans, which he found converted into a barn; but it was
+then in contemplation to place this effigy in the church of St. Julien
+there, when the restoration of that edifice should be completed. A
+memoir (which I cannot here obtain) on the sepulchral statues of English
+sovereigns at Fontevraud was read in 1841 in the congress of the Society
+for Preserving the Historical Monuments of France; and by the researches
+of M. Deville, a distinguished antiquary of Normandy, another effigy of
+King Richard "of the Lion Heart" was brought to light in 1838, from
+beneath the modern pavement of the choir of Rouen Cathedral, and was
+shortly afterwards made known in England by the very interesting
+communication made by Mr. Albert Way to the Society of Antiquaries of
+London, and published in vol. xxix. of the _Archæologia_.
+
+I am not aware that attention has been otherwise drawn to these effigies
+since the publication of Mr. Stothard's great work, nor can I find that
+his suggestion has at any time been revived, or that the steps which may
+have been taken at Fontevraud for rescuing these monuments from
+the gradual demolition which seemed to threaten them, were such as are
+likely to insure their ultimate preservation. What those steps were, or
+what is the present state of these interesting memorials, I have not
+been able to learn; but, inasmuch as it appears that the tombs they
+covered have been destroyed; that in the fury of revolutionary violence
+the remains of the royal dead were scattered to the winds; and that the
+abbey church of Fontevraud itself fell into a state of ruin, if not of
+desecration; it will probably be agreed that the removal of these
+monuments to Westminster Abbey is unobjectionable, and that their
+deposit among the effigies of our early sovereigns in that glorious
+edifice would be appropriate, and is much to be desired. Being strongly
+impressed with that opinion, I trouble you with this note, which, if you
+should deem it worthy of insertion, may elicit some information, and
+perhaps lead to an application for leave to remove these monuments, and
+place them in Westminster Abbey. The present time seems favourable for
+such an effort; and if the object in view should have the sanction of
+Queen Victoria, the interference of Her Majesty would probably prevail.
+
+    W. SIDNEY GIBSON.
+
+  Newcastle-upon-Tyne.
+
+
+ARABIC INSCRIPTIONS--MOCATTEB MOUNTAINS.
+
+The principle of decyphering propounded for the Nineveh inscriptions
+(Vol. iv., p. 220.) is available equally, and with better prospect of
+speedy solution, in the case of those of _Mocatteb_. A very interesting
+narrative is given of these in Laborde's _Mount Sinai and Petra_ (p.
+248). The site of them is seventy miles direct distance south-east from
+Suez, and they extend on the rock three miles and more in length, at a
+height of ten or twelve feet, and in the line of route to Sinai, which
+is distant fifty miles south-east from Mocatteb. They also lie not only
+in the usual caravan route, but almost in a direct line drawn from
+Ethiopia to the cities of Nineveh and Babylon. Nimrod is represented as
+an Ethiopian (Gen. x. 8.), "_Cush begat Nimrod_" = "_Nimrod was an
+Ethiopian by descent_." The whole of this invaluable monument of the
+most ancient geography, the tenth of Genesis, must be read with
+reference to _nations_, and not individuals.
+
+Both the valley and the mountains are named from these "Inscriptions" =
+_Mocatteb_ in Arabic; that fact alone indicates considerable antiquity,
+especially in a country like Arabia, where the fashion of changing any
+usage, especially that of names of places, has never prevailed. The
+vicinity of these inscriptions to that portion of the world wherein the
+Mosaic law had its origin, and probably, as a necessary consequence, the
+invention of an alphabet also; and likewise the great question of
+ancient intercourse between Egypt, Ethiopia, Assyria (Chaldea), and
+India, have rendered the interpretation of the Mocatteb inscriptions a
+problem of paramount interest, insomuch that Bishop Clayton offered a
+considerable sum of money for a copy of them. In the _Royal Society's
+Transactions_, vol. ii. part vi. 1832, are specimens of 187 of these,
+whereof nine are Greek and one Latin. Some of them are doubtless of the
+sixth century.
+
+Coutelle and Roziere (_Antiquities_, vol. v. p. 57.) copied seventy-five
+of them, and Pococke and Montague give a few specimens. Seetzen,
+Burkhardt, and Henneker _saw_ them; and Niebuhr may be said to have been
+sent out expressly on their account, but the result was _nil_. Cosmus,
+Montfaucon, Neitzchitz, Monconys, Koischa, and others, mention them, and
+they have been seen by a caravan of persons familiar with Arabic, Greek,
+Hebrew, Syriac, Coptic, Latin, Armenian, Turkish, English, Illyrian,
+German, and Bohemian, to all of whom they were equally inexplicable.
+Since the discovery of Daguerre, we are placed in a position to obtain a
+real _fac-simile_ of the whole of these inscriptions, at a small expense
+of time or money. Any person familiar with the use of the daguerrotype
+(the less learned the better) could now speedily furnish what the good
+Bishop so fervently longed after, were he only provided with the small
+sum of a few hundred pounds to take him thither and bring back his
+invaluable treasures. Although the Mocatteb are graven with an iron pen
+in the rock (Job xix. 24.), they are not everlasting, for the rains have
+had some effect in obliterating them, being cut, not on granite, as was
+formerly thought, but on red sandstone. It is worth remark, that
+although Moses was learned in all the wisdom of the Egyptians, he
+rejected entirely the hieroglyphic system of writing, and that no
+mention or allusion is made to the art of writing till 1491 B.C., in Ex.
+xvii. 14.[1], just prior to the delivery of the law, and in
+connection with the account of Jethro, his father-in-law; subsequently,
+constant allusion is made to writing. There is only one reference to
+this art in Homer (_Il._ z. 168.). The author of Job, who appears to
+have had a much more enlarged knowledge of art and science than Moses,
+speaks of the cutting and painting (for so the Arabic and Hebrew words
+should be rendered, and not _printing_) on a roll, _i.e._ with the
+_style_ and _brush_; also of the cutting (_felling_) with a chisel (in
+Arabic, a _digger_) on lead, or on a rock.[2]
+
+  [Footnote 1: "Jehovah said to Moses, Write this as a memorandum on
+  a roll, and let it be read to Joshua, that I intend to obliterate
+  entirely the memory of Amalek here below. And Moses built an altar
+  and called it _Jehovah Nissi_ (Jehovah is my banner). The reason
+  he assigned for the name was that a hand (power) opposed to the
+  throne of Jah was (the cause of) Jehovah's perpetual warfare
+  against Amalek." This is the _sense_ of the Hebrew as it stands,
+  in the current language of our day, and not a copy of the words
+  merely,--an error, it is conceived, into which most of the
+  translators, from the Seventy downwards, have often fallen. If a
+  conjectural criticism might be offered, let כ, _caf_,
+  be inserted for נ, _nun_, and instead of Jehovah
+  _Nissi_ (banner), read Jehovah _Cissi_, "Jehovah is my _throne_;"
+  then the reason assigned by Moses for the name becomes
+  intelligible, which it certainly is not in the existing text,
+  undoubtedly very ancient, being confirmed by the Samaritan.]
+
+  [Footnote 2: The word, correctly translated _for ever_, according
+  to the Masoretic system, means "as a witness or testimony," if
+  pointed with _Tsereh_ instead of _Pathach_. The general sense of
+  this chapter, in some respects obscure, appears to be, "I seek for
+  justice, but cannot obtain it. Every obstacle is put in my way.
+  Neither my own kindred nor servants obey me. Look at my most
+  wretched condition; although I call you friends, you all hate me.
+  You are not satisfied with persecuting my body, but you afflict my
+  soul also. Oh that I could make an impression upon you. I would
+  set forth my petition for relief from your persecutions on a roll,
+  on lead, or on a rock, as a constant memorial in testimony of my
+  sufferings and your hate; as I know that my Goel (Redeemer or
+  Avenger) lives, and will at length ascend from the dust (sand or
+  soil). (In his approach he raises a cloud of dust.) Then arise and
+  destroy this (memorial), for, living, I shall get a judgment on my
+  case, being personally present and not by representative, although
+  I may be hardly able to attend from mental anxiety. Then you will
+  say, why did we persecute him, we were all wrong. And you will
+  fear punishment because you will learn that justice must be
+  satisfied."
+
+  Divested of its highly poetic diction, the above gives the subject
+  matter in the vernacular.]
+
+The examination of the copies of the inscriptions already in our
+possession will probably determine whether the language is hieroglyphic,
+syllabic, or alphabetic. The principal point is to enumerate the
+characters found to be clearly distinct from each other. Should there be
+found two to three hundred decidedly _distinct_ characters--assuming it
+to be one language and one uniform character of that language, for many
+nations (peoples) use more than one character--the language _à priori_
+must be _hieroglyphic_. If 70 to 90, it will be _syllabic_; but if only
+20 to 50, it may be safely concluded that it is alphabetic. The letters
+distinct from each other may be less than 20, inasmuch as in the Arabic,
+most probably the language which will solve this problem, one character
+represents several sounds, the points, usually omitted, alone
+distinguishing the difference between _be_, _te_, _tse_, _nun_, and
+_jod_, between _jim_, _ha_ and _cha_, between _dal_ and _zal_, between
+_re_ and _se_, _sin_ and _shin_, _zad_ and _dad_, _fe_ and _kaf_, &c.
+&c. On the other hand, the language has increased the number of its
+characters, by distinguishing _initial_ from _medial_ and _terminal_
+letters, having retained only thirteen originally distinct characters in
+its alphabet.
+
+The Ethiopic, written from left to right, has manifestly furnished the
+Arabs with their cursive character, the one uniformly printed, written
+from right to left, or otherwise both have derived them from a common
+source. Of the intimate relation early subsisting between the Ethiopians
+and their Shemitic congeners in Asia, one remarkable instance is the
+former retaining to themselves exclusively "the exalted horn," so often
+mentioned in the Hebrew Bible, the wearing of which has been long
+abandoned by every other family of that race.
+
+    T. J. BUCKTON.
+
+  Lichfield.
+
+
+ADDITIONS TO CUNNINGHAM'S HAND-BOOK OF LONDON.
+
+_St. Stephen's Church, Walbrook._--Sir Robert Chicheley, alderman and
+twice Lord Mayor of London, is said, in Wm. Ravenhill's _Short Account
+of the Company of Grocers from their Original_ (4to. Lond. 1689), to
+have purchased the ground whereon St. Stephen's church stands, and to
+have built, at his own charge, the church which was afterwards replaced
+by the edifice of Sir Christopher Wren. The founder was a member of that
+company, and to them he gave the advowson. He was the youngest of three
+brothers, of whom the eldest was Henry Chicheley, Archbishop of
+Canterbury _temp._ Henry VI. The second brother was Sir William, who,
+like Robert, was an alderman, and a member of the Grocers' Company. From
+the younger brother, Robert, descended Sir Thomas Chicheley, who was
+Master of the Ordnance and Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster in the
+reign of Charles II.
+
+_Grocers' Hall._--In 1411 the custos or warden and brethren of the
+Grocers' Company purchased of Robert Lord Fitzwalter his mansion-house
+and lands, extending from near the Old Jewry to Walbrook in the centre
+of the city of London, for 320 marks, and soon afterwards laid the
+foundation of their new Common-hall. In 1429 they had license to acquire
+lands of the value of 500 marks. There was "a fair open garden behind,
+for air and diversion, and before the house, within the gate, a large
+court-yard." The company, after the fire of London, rebuilt and enlarged
+the old Hall, says Ravenhill in his _Account of the Grocers' Company_
+(Lond. 1689), "with offices and accommodations far beyond any other
+place, for the most commodious seat of the chief magistrate." (See Mr.
+Cunningham's quotation from Strype, as to its civic uses.) King Charles
+II. accepted the office of Master of the Company, and they set up his
+statue in the Royal Exchange. See Ravenhill's _Short Account of
+the Company of Grocers_, and Howel's _Londinopolis_, fol. Lond. 1657.
+
+    W. S. G.
+
+  Newcastle-upon-Tyne, Sept. 1851.
+
+
+RICHARD ROLLE OF HAMPOLE, NO. II.
+
+Owing to my absence from England, I was unable to answer the Queries
+which were put to me (No 94., p. 116.) by your respected correspondent
+J. E. The word _guistroun_ (as also _Salhanas_) was merely an error of
+the press; and with respect to the others, I concur, for the most part,
+in the learned observations of MR. SINGER (No 96., p. 159.).
+_Quistroun_, it may be added, is found in a MS. chronicle quoted in the
+preface to the French version of _Havelok_, and with the explanation "de
+sa quisyne." The singular form of _chaunsemlees_ is written
+_chauncemele_ in the _Promptuar. Parvul._, and rendered _subtelaris_,
+which, according to Ducange, would correspond exactly to _slipper_.
+
+I now beg to present your readers with a fresh series of extracts from
+the same volume. The first, though rather long, will not easily bear
+abbreviation. It is somewhat in the style of Piers Ploughman, but
+earlier by several years. The subject is the unfaithfulness of the
+clergy in the former half of the fourteenth century:--
+
+      "Þis word is mekil agen þese clerkis
+      Þ't schuld kenne lewid folk good werkis,
+      And gader hem to goddis hord
+      Wiþ rightful lyf and goddis word.
+      Hem auhte þinke if þei wer wise
+      How þei schul stonde at goddis assise,
+      And gelden acountes of all hir wit
+      How þei in þ'e world han spent it.
+      Lord what schul þese persouns say
+      Whan þei schul come on domys day
+      To gelde of al hir lyf acounte
+      And what hir rentis may amounte,
+      Þat þei of lewid men take her
+      Hir soulis hele hem to ler,
+      And diden not so but lyued in lust
+      Of flesch, þ't makiþ þ'e soule rust.
+      For riche persouns louen mor now
+      Flesch-liking mor þan þ'e soule prow [_i.e._ profit];
+      þei wene to sewe cristis trace [_i.e._ follow His track]
+      Wiþ hunting and w't þ'e deer chace;
+      Þei fedin hir flesch wiþ good mete
+      Þ't lewid folk hem tilen and gete;
+      Þei lyuen on lewid folkis traueyle
+      And nouht to hem þei auayle.
+      For ther þei schuld w't sarmoun tille
+      Þe lewid folkis herte and wille
+      To right longing of heuene-riche bewhile,
+      Wiþ wikkid example þei hem begile:
+      For wikkid example þei hem geue
+      In wikkednes alway for to leue.
+      For þer þei schuld hem meknes schewe
+      Þei schewe hem pride and vnthewe,
+      And ther þei schulde teche hem dele
+      And parte w't god of hir catele,
+      Ther teche þei hem wiþ couetise
+      To spar hir good in euyl wise.
+      For we seen so these persouns spar
+      Þ't þei suffre pore men mysfar;
+      We see hem fayr grehoundis fede
+      And suffren þ'e pore to deyen for nede,
+      And euyl example þus þei gyue
+      To hir pareschyns euyle to lyue.
+      For me þinkeþ it is no ferly [_i.e._ wonder]
+      Þouh lewid folk lyue in foly,
+      Whan þei seen prestis and persouns
+      Mistake agen god as felouns.
+      Goddis felouns I hem calle
+      Þ't makiþ man in synne falle,
+      Wiþ example of euyl lyf
+      Þ't is now in þis world ful ryf.
+      Þerfor I rede persouns and prestis
+      Þ't þei ber god on hir brestis,
+      And þenk how al hir mete and drink
+      Comiþ of her pareschyns swink,
+      And teche þei hem how þat þei
+      Schul toward heuene take þ'e wei,
+      And after holde hem wel þerinne
+      And kepe hem fro dedli synne.
+      For wel is hem þ't wiþ preching
+      Mai tele [_i.e._ allure] soulis to heuene king."
+
+2. Nor was the author of these sermons less severe in rebuking the
+faults of the layman. The following is a specimen of his plain-spoken
+fervour:--
+
+      "But crist of þ't man seyth wites [_i.e._ reproaches]
+      Þat in sarmoun not delytes.
+      For many folis heren a sarmoun
+      Wiþ outen ony deuocioun;
+      Þ't is in Englisch loue-longing,
+      Þ't auhte of mannes herte spring
+      Toward þ'e blisse þ't lastiþ ay,
+      And not toward þ'e worldis play.
+      But sum men sitten at sarmoun
+      Þ't wer better ben atte toun;
+      On worldis wele þink þei so mekil
+      Þ't is deceyuabil fals and fekil,
+      Þat sarmoun sauoureth hem nouht
+      So is hir herte menyng (?) in þouht.
+      And sum other seli gomes
+      Þ't for to her sarmoun comes,
+      And goddis word so litil kepiþ
+      Þ't at þ'e preching manye slepiþ:
+      At goddis word þei ben sleping
+      And at þ'e tauerne hous waking:
+      At lyche-wake [_i.e._ corpse-watching] and sinful plawes,
+      Þei ben waking til þ'e day dawes,
+      But whan þei come sarmoun to her
+      Þei ben so heuy and so swer,
+      Þ't hir heuedis þei may not hold vp
+      But hongen it in þ'e fendis cup."
+
+3. Yet with regard to one class of questions, the tongue of the preacher
+was restrained. After touching the subject of confession and the frailty
+of some confessors, he adds in a significant way:
+
+      "Of þis mater coude I sey mar,
+      But God wod þ't I ne dar,
+      For beter is skilful pes to holde
+      Þan in speche ben to bolde."
+
+4. The following extract will not fail to interest the student of
+prophecy:--
+
+      "Get wone ful many iewis thore, [_i.e._ in captivity]
+      And so schul þei don euer more,
+      Til ageyn domes day,
+      Þan schul þei þens out-stray,
+      And ouer al þer þei go
+      Cristen folk schul þei slo;
+      And þei schul receyue antecrist
+      And wene þ't he be ihū crist;
+      And sone after comiþ domes day,
+      As we in prophecye her say."
+
+5. The last passage I shall cite is a curious exposition of the First
+Commandment (p. 455.):--
+
+  "Þ'e first heste is þis: Þu schalt worschipen Þi lord god & him
+  alone seruyn. In þ't heste is forboden to don any sacrifice to
+  mawmettis or worschipe to fals goddis. In þ't heste also is
+  forboden al maner wicchecraftis, enchauntementis, wiþ seruys and
+  markis and al manere experimentis, coniuraciouns, as men wone to
+  do and maken for thynges i-stolen, in bacynes, in swerdis and in
+  certeyn names wreten and enclosed, holi water and holi candel and
+  oþere manye maneris whiche ben nought good to neuene. In þ't heste
+  also is forboden al maner iogelyng and for to tellyn of þing þ't
+  is to comen, be sterres and planets, or be metell, or be destene,
+  or be schynynge of þ'e pawme of mannes hond or eny oþere maneris.
+  For þei aproperen to man þing þ't oneliche falleþ to god, to witen
+  of þinges þ't arn to come," &c.
+
+    C. H.
+
+  St. Catharine's Hall, Cambridge.
+
+
+A FUNERAL IN HAMBURGH.
+
+MR. GATTY'S observations (Vol. iii., p. 499.) regarding the funeral of
+an Irish labourer, have reminded me that while on a visit some years ago
+to a brother in the city of Hamburgh, we one Sunday spent the day with a
+worthy pastor of a small village a few miles from that city, where we
+went early enough to attend morning service in the village church; and
+in the afternoon, while indulging with our pipes and coffee in an alcove
+in the pastor's garden, I observed a funeral approach the churchyard
+gate, and understanding that the ceremony was different to what I had
+been accustomed to, I laid down my pipe and walked into the churchyard
+to observe what passed, and my movement induced my brother and another
+or two to become spectators also. The funeral party having arranged
+themselves at the entrance, the ceremony commenced as follows. The
+parish clerk or verger walked first, having a lemon in one hand and a
+bunch of evergreen in the other; he was followed by six choristers or
+singing boys, then six men as bearers carrying the coffin, and after
+them the mourners and other attendants. As soon as the cavalcade moved
+off, the clerk or verger gave out a strophe of some psalm or hymn, which
+he and the boys chanted while moving round the churchyard; and thus
+chanting they followed a green path, which I discovered was kept close
+mown for the purpose; and I observed our worthy pastor had joined the
+cavalcade, though alone, and at some little distance from the mourners.
+I understood it was customary thus to move three times round, but being
+a very sultry afternoon, the party made two turns serve, when coming to
+the open grave the bearers let down the coffin into it, and then another
+strophe was chanted, which ended, the mourners took a last look at the
+coffin, and silently dropped their sprigs of evergreen upon it; the
+bearers then each took a spade, already provided for them, and quickly
+filled up the grave, and adjusted its form, when the funeral party
+returned silently home as they came. The pastor had now retreated again
+to the alcove in his garden, where we soon joined him, and he told me
+that as we had gone to witness the ceremony, it would have been thought
+disrespectful had he not also shown himself, though it did not appear
+that his attendance was necessary. The general practice here observed of
+the bearers filling up the grave, shows that the Irish labourers had
+some more general custom for their practice than MR. GATTY appears to be
+aware of.
+
+    W. S. HESLEDEN.
+
+
+FOLK LORE.
+
+_The Baker's Daughter._--_Ophelia_ (Act IV. Sc. 5.) says that
+
+    "The owl was a baker's daughter."
+
+This reminds me of a Welsh tradition concerning the female who refused a
+bit of dough from the oven to the Saviour "when He hungered," and was
+changed into _Cassek gwenwyn_, תיִליִל, _lilish_[TR: Lilith], _lamia_,
+_strix_, the night spectre, _mara_, or screech-owl.
+
+    G. M.
+
+_"Pray remember the Grotto" on St. James's Day_ (Vol. i., p. 5.).--The
+interesting note with which MR. WILLIAM J. THOMS presented the firstborn
+of "NOTES AND QUERIES," may perhaps admit of a postscript, borrowed from
+one of Mr. Jerdan's well-deserving pupils, the _Literary Gazette_
+for 1822:
+
+  "I am inclined to believe that the illuminated grottos of
+  oyster-shells for which the London children beg about the streets,
+  are the representatives of some Catholic emblem which had its day,
+  as a substitute for a more classical idol. I was struck in London
+  with the similarity of the plea which the children of both
+  countries urge in order to obtain a halfpenny. The 'It is but once
+  a year, sir!' often reminded me of the
+
+            'La Cruz de Mayo
+            Que no come ni bebe
+            En todo el ano.'
+
+      'The Cross of May,
+      Remember pray,
+      Which fasts a year and feasts a day.'"
+
+  _Letters from Spain._ By Don Leucadio Doblado.
+
+This to prove that I _did_ remember the grotto.
+
+    * & ?
+
+  Manpadt House.
+
+_The King's Evil._--One Mr. Bacon of Ferns, being an one-and-twentieth
+son born in wedlock, without a daughter intervening, has performed
+prodigious cures in the king's evil and scrofulous cases, by stroking
+the part with his hand. (_The Gentleman's Magazine_ for December 1731,
+p. 543.)
+
+    * & ?
+
+_Bees._--Being at a neighbour's house about a month ago, the
+conversation turned upon the death of a mutual acquaintance a short time
+prior to my visit. A venerable old lady present asked, with great
+earnestness of manner, "Whether Mr. R.'s bees had been informed of his
+death?" (Our friend R. had been a great bee-keeper.) No one appeared to
+be able to answer the old lady's question satisfactorily, whereat she
+was much concerned, and said, "Well, if the bees were not told of Mr.
+R's death they would leave their hives, and never return. Some people
+give them a piece of the funeral cake; I don't think that is absolutely
+necessary, but certainly it is better to tell them of the death." Being
+shortly afterwards in the neighbourhood of my deceased friend's
+residence, I went a little out of my way to inquire after the bees. Upon
+walking up the garden I saw the industrious little colony at full work.
+I learned, upon inquiring of the housekeeper, that the bees had been
+properly informed of Mr. R.'s death.
+
+I was struck with the singularity of this specimen of folk-lore, and
+followed up the subject with further inquiries amongst my acquaintance.
+I found that in my own family, upon the death of my mother, some
+five-and-twenty years ago, the bees were duly informed of the event. A
+lady friend also told me, that twenty years ago, when she was at school,
+the father of her school-mistress died, and on that occasion the bees
+were made acquainted with his death, and regaled with some of the
+funeral cake.
+
+I wish to know whether this custom prevails in any other, and what part
+of England, and to what extent?
+
+    L. L. L.
+
+  North Lincolnshire.
+
+
+THE CAXTON COFFER.
+
+Reflecting on the extreme rarity of the works which issued from the
+press of Caxton, the question arises, What number of copies was he
+accustomed to print? On that point, as it seems, we have only
+conjectures.
+
+Maittaire assumes that the number was about 200; an opinion which I
+shall not controvert. Dibdin, however, inclines to think, with regard to
+_The golden legend_ and other works of the same class, "that at least
+400 copies were struck off;" and in support of this conjecture, cites
+the practice of Sweynheym and Pannartz, as proved by the memorial
+addressed in their behalf to Sixtus IV., by J. Andrea, bishop of Aleria,
+in 1472, which practice he thus states:--
+
+  "If we are to judge from the celebrated list of the number of
+  copies of the different works printed by those indefatigable
+  typographical artists, Sweynheym and Pannartz, it would appear
+  that 275 was the usual number of copies of a particular work;
+  although sometimes they ventured to strike off as many as 550;
+  and, twice, not fewer than 1100 copies."
+
+Now, our renowned bibliographer misinterprets the important document
+which he cites. Sweynheym and Pannartz printed 300 copies of a
+_Donatus_, and the same number of a _Speculum vitæ humanæ_, and of two
+more works. In all other cases, each impression of the works which
+proceeded from their press consisted of only 275 copies. The words
+_Volumina quingenta quinquaginta_ refer to works of which two editions
+were published, or which were in two volumes; and the words _Volumina
+mille centum_, to a work of which there were two editions of two volumes
+each. So the conjecture of Dibdin loses its best support.
+
+As Sweynheym and Pannartz printed only 275 copies of the works of such
+authors as St. Augustin and St. Jerome, of Cæsar, Cicero, Livy, Ovid,
+Quinctilian, and Virgil--works which must have found purchasers in all
+parts of Europe--it is rather improbable that Caxton should have
+ventured to exceed that number with respect to books for which, being
+chiefly translations, there could be no demand beyond the shores of
+England.
+
+    BOLTON CORNEY.
+
+
+Minor Notes.
+
+_Braham Moor._--The following _remarkable_ account of this place by John
+Watson, Esq., of Malton, in the year 1781, may be interesting to some of
+the readers of your paper. Braham is situated five miles S.W. of
+Tadcaster, and close to, and in, the remains of the old Roman road
+called "Watling Street:"--
+
+  "Upon the middle of this moor a man may see ten miles around him;
+  within those ten miles there is as much free stone as would build
+  ten cities as large as York; within those ten miles there is as
+  much good oak timber as would build those ten cities; there is as
+  much limestone, and coals to burn it into lime, as the building of
+  those ten cities would require; there is also as much clay and
+  sand, and coals to burn them into bricks and tiles, as would build
+  those ten cities; within those ten miles there are two iron forges
+  sufficient to furnish iron for the building of those ten cities,
+  and 10,000 tons to spare; within those ten miles there is lead
+  sufficient for the ten cities, and 10,000 fodders to spare; within
+  those ten miles there is a good coal seam sufficient to furnish
+  those ten cities with firing for 10,000 years; within those ten
+  miles there are three navigable rivers, from any part of which a
+  man may take shipping and sail to any part of the world; within
+  those ten miles there are _seventy_ gentlemen's houses, all
+  _keeping coaches_, and the least of them an esquire, and ten parks
+  and forests well stocked with deer; within those ten miles are ten
+  market towns, one of which may be supposed to return 10,000_l._
+  per week."
+
+    CHAS. W. MARKHAM.
+
+  Becca Hall, Tadcaster.
+
+_Portraits of Burke._--Through the kindness of a friend I have just
+examined what I take to be an interesting and curious work of art, viz.,
+a miniature of the great Edmund Burke, painted by Sir Joshua Reynolds,
+and said to be the _only miniature_ he ever painted. It is a small oval
+of ivory executed in water colours, and represents him past the meridian
+of life, his hair combed back from his ample forehead, and powdered; the
+coat (according to the fashion of the day) without a collar, and, as
+well as the waistcoat, of a chocolate colour; a white stock, and the
+shirt frill of lace; the features, although retaining great animation
+and intelligence, are round and plump. The painting is carefully and
+delicately finished. The same friend also possesses another miniature of
+the same right honourable gentleman (artist unknown), deserving notice:
+it is in a much larger oval, and drawn in coloured crayons. This
+likeness represents the statesman at a much earlier period of life, and
+is most exquisitely executed: his fine auburn hair in natural waves, if
+I may use the expression, is also thrown off the face, the features
+rather sharp, the nose prominent, the eyes brilliant, the lips
+beautifully expressed, and, on the whole, one of the most highly
+finished specimens of this style I ever saw: the costume the same as
+that already described, the colour being a snuff-brown. In this
+portrait, a black ribbon crosses the lace frill, indicating the presence
+of an eye-glass, an appendage not observable in portraits taken later in
+life. The lady who owns these paintings is the widow of a gentleman
+lately deceased, who being related to, was brought up under the
+guardianship of this great man, and was by him introduced into public
+life; circumstances which prove the authenticity of the works thus
+briefly described.
+
+    M. W. B.
+
+  Bruges, Sept. 26, 1851.
+
+
+
+
+Queries.
+
+
+GENERAL JAMES WOLFE, WHO FELL AT QUEBEC.
+
+A short time ago I accidentally became possessed of a small packet of
+autograph letters, by this distinguished man, to a very intimate friend
+and brother officer. These letters were found in an old military chest,
+which had belonged to the latter. They are twelve in number; the first
+is dated Glasgow, 2d April, 1749, and the last, Salisbury, 1st December,
+1758, on the eve of his embarkation with the memorable expedition
+against Quebec. The letters are written in a small and remarkably neat
+hand, and Wolfe's seal is still adhering to some of them. They contain
+much honourable sentiment, and proofs of a warm generous heart.
+
+The perusal of these curious letters, and their allusions to passing
+incidents, have excited a desire to become better acquainted with the
+details of Wolfe's personal history; but in this I experience
+considerable difficulty, from the meagreness with which his biographers
+appear to have treated the subject. I shall accordingly feel much
+obliged by any of your military, or other correspondents, favouring me
+with references to the fullest and best account of this distinguished
+officer. I am anxious to obtain information, in particular, on the
+following points.
+
+1. Wolfe's family connexions? I am aware who his father was, but should
+like to know if the former had any brothers or sisters, and who is the
+present representative? What was his mother's name and family?
+
+2. Where was Wolfe educated? In one of the letters he mentions that he
+was taken from his studies at fifteen, and entered the army at that
+early age.
+
+3. The different regiments in which he held a commission, with his rank
+in each, the steps and date of promotion?
+
+4. His _first_ and subsequent military services?
+
+5. How long was he stationed in Scotland, on what duty, and in what
+places?
+
+6. In particular, was he engaged in the formation of any of the military
+roads in that country, _when_ and _where_?
+
+7. Did he serve in Scotland during the rebellion of 1745-46, and was he
+present at the battle of Culloden? If so, in what regiment, and with
+what rank?
+
+8. Are there any good portraits of Wolfe extant, and where are they to
+be seen?
+
+9. Was his body brought to England, and are memorials of him preserved,
+such as his sword, pistols, &c.? His spurs were lately in the possession
+of a gentleman near Glasgow.
+
+    Ʒ.
+
+
+WALKER'S SUFFERINGS OF THE CLERGY.
+
+Is it the intention of the Ecclesiastical History Society to publish a
+new edition of Walker's _Sufferings of the Clergy_? At the time when the
+society was instituted it was on the list of works to be published by
+them.
+
+Surely, if that is the case, somewhat might be done to correct the many
+inaccuracies, and, in other ways, increase the value of a work which has
+preserved the memory of some of the most exalted acts of Christian
+heroism that England has ever witnessed.
+
+Will the editor of "NOTES AND QUERIES" open his pages to receive notes
+and corrections for a future edition of _The Sufferings of the Clergy_?
+
+    DRYASDUST.
+
+  [It is believed that the trading speculation, miscalled a Society,
+  has ended with considerable loss to both undertakers and
+  subscribers; and is not likely to publish any more of the works
+  which figured in its rhodomontade prospectus. Certainly it is very
+  desirable that there should be a new, careful, and critical
+  edition of Walker; and any assistance which can be rendered by
+  "NOTES AND QUERIES" will be at the service of anybody who will
+  undertake such a work. It would be well, however (and it is
+  mentioned here with general reference to all such cases, though it
+  is particularly applicable to the present), if the learned doctor
+  would specify some mode by which the readers of "NOTES AND
+  QUERIES", may address him directly. The Editor suggests this, not
+  to save himself trouble, or because he grudges room (or rather
+  would grudge room if he had it) for many voluminous and important
+  communications, which would be very valuable to the Doctor, but
+  which, from length, and want of general interest, could not be
+  inserted in this little work. It is probable that he would by this
+  mode obtain many communications which the writers would not send
+  to "NOTES AND QUERIES," from being aware that they could not be
+  inserted. There would be nothing in this to prevent his
+  maintaining his incognito; and, therefore, the Editor ventures to
+  request his correspondents to send to "NOTES AND QUERIES" anything
+  that is brief, and may promise to be of general interest; and to
+  address anything which may be more voluminous to DR. DRYASDUST, at
+  our publisher's, No. 186. Fleet Street.]
+
+
+Minor Queries.
+
+207. _Colonies in England._--Can any of your correspondents give me any
+information about a colony of Spaniards said to exist at Brighton; of
+Flemings in Pembrokeshire; of Frisians in Lancashire; of Moors in (I
+think) Staffordshire; and of some Scandinavian race, with dark eyes and
+dark hair, at Yarmouth in Norfolk. I should feel thankful for the
+mention of other colonies besides these, if any more exist, as I believe
+many do, in other parts of England.
+
+    THEOPHYLACT.
+
+208. _Buxtorf's Translation of the "Treatise on Hebrew Accents," by
+Elias Levita._--John Buxtorf the elder, in his _Bibliotheca Rabbinica_
+(printed along with his useful book _De Abbreviaturis Hebraicis_: Basil,
+1630), p. 345., speaking of the curious and valuable work on the Hebrew
+Accents, by R. Elias Levita, called ספר טוב טעם, says,
+
+  "Habemus cum Latine a nobis translatum."
+
+Can any of your readers inform me whether this translation was ever
+printed; and, if not, whether the MS. of it is known to exist?
+
+    JAMES H. TODD.
+
+  Trin. Coll. Dublin.
+
+209. _The Name "Robert."_--Can any of your readers offer any suggestions
+as to how the name "Robert," and its various diminutives, became
+connected with so much diablerie?
+
+Besides the host of _hob_-goblins, _hob_-thrush, _hob_-with-the-lantern,
+and the Yorkshire _Dobbies_, we have those two mysterious wights _Robin_
+Hood and _Robin_ Goodfellow, and "superstitious favourite" the _Robin_
+Redbreast. It is a term also frequently applied to idiotcy (invariably
+among our lower orders linked with the idea of super-naturalism).
+_Hobbil_ in the northern and _Dobbin_ in the midland districts of
+England are terms used to denote a heavy, torpid fellow. The French
+_Robin_ was formerly used in the same sense.
+
+    SAXONICUS.
+
+210. _Meaning of "Art'rizde."_--In Halliwell's _Archaic Dictionary_, p.
+821. col. 2., there is a quotation from Middleton's _Epigrams and
+Satyres_, 1608. Will you, or any of your readers, be kind enough to
+inform me what is the meaning of the word "Art'rizde" which occurs in the
+quotation, and also give some information as to the book from which it
+is quoted? Dyce professes to publish _all_ of Middleton's known works,
+but in his edition (1840) there are no epigrams to be found.
+
+    QUÆSO.
+
+211. _Sir William Griffith of North Wales._--Elizabeth, daughter of
+William Fiennes, Constable of Dover Castle, who was slain at the battle
+of Barnet, 10 Edw. IV., married, according to the pedigrees of Fiennes,
+"_Sir William Griffith, of North Wales, Knt._" It appears there were
+several persons of this name, and one styled Chamberlain of North Wales,
+but no such wife is given to him. Can any of your Welsh genealogists
+_identify_ the Sir William Griffith by reference to any evidence or
+authorities, manuscript or otherwise, which state the marriage, and show
+whether Elizabeth Fiennes had any issue?
+
+    G.
+
+212. _The Residence of William Penn._--I have been informed that Chatham
+House, opposite the barracks at Knightsbridge, was the residence of
+Penn. This house was built in 1688; it had formerly large garden grounds
+attached both in front and behind. Another account informed me that a
+house, now known as the "Rising Sun," was the honoured spot. This house
+has only of late years been turned into a public-house; it is of neat
+appearance, and the date of 1611 is, or was till lately, to be seen at
+the two extremes of the copings. Query, Can either of these houses be
+pointed out with certainty as having been the residence of the great
+Quaker, and, if so, which? Why was the first-mentioned house called
+Chatham House?
+
+    H. G. D.
+
+213. _Martial's Distribution of Hours._--
+
+      "Prima salutantes atque altera continet hora;
+        Exercet raucos tertia causidicos.
+      In quintam varios extendit Roma labores,
+        Sexta quies lassis ----"
+
+      Martial, iv. 8.
+
+These lines are the forenoon portion of Martial's well-known
+distribution of hours and occupation.
+
+Taking these hours then, for the sake of simplification, at the equinox,
+when they assimilate in length to our modern hours and assuming it as
+granted that "_quies lassis_" refers to the noon-tide siesta, and
+therefore that "_sexta_" cannot signify any time previous to our twelve
+o'clock, or noon, I wish to ask the classical readers of "NOTES AND
+QUERIES"--
+
+1st. How far into the day are we carried by the expression "_in
+quintam_?"
+
+2nd. If no farther than to a point equivalent to our eleven o'clock,
+A.M., in what way is the vacant hour between that point and _sexta_, or
+noon, accounted for by Martial?
+
+    A. E. B.
+
+  Leeds.
+
+214. _Moonlight._--A sermon of Dr. Pusey's contains the following
+beautiful illustrations of the danger of much knowledge and little
+practice:
+
+  "The pale cold light of the moon, which enlightens but warns not,
+  putrifies what it falls upon."
+
+Will any one inform me whether this is a physical truth, or only an
+allowable use of a popular opinion?
+
+    PHILIP HEDGELAND.
+
+215. _Ash-sap given to new-born Children._--Lightfoot, in his _Flora
+Scotia_, vol. ii. p. 642., says--
+
+  "That in many parts of Scotland (the Highlands), at the birth of a
+  child the nurse or midwife puts one end of a great stick of the
+  ash-tree into the fire, and while it is burning receives into a
+  spoon the sap or juice which oozes out at the other end, and
+  administers this as the first spoonfuls of liquor to the new-born
+  babe."--Phillip's _Sylva Flora_.
+
+Why?
+
+    G. CREED.
+
+216. _Cockney._--In John Minshieu's _Ductor in Linguas_, published in
+1617, the origin of this word is thus explained:--
+
+  "That a citizen's son riding with his father out of London into
+  the country, and being a novice and merely ignorant how corn and
+  cattle increased, asked, when he heard a horse neigh, what the
+  horse did? His father answered, the horse doth neigh. Riding
+  further he heard a cock crow, and said, doth the _cock neigh_
+  too?"
+
+I should not have troubled you with this story had I not been anxious to
+ascertain the real origin of the word "Cockney," about which Johnson
+seems to have been nearly as much in the dark as I am. For any other and
+more rational explanation I shall be much obliged, as well as by being
+informed from what source Minshieu derived this story of a cock and a
+horse, which I am confident I have met with elsewhere, and which is
+probably familiar to many of your readers.
+
+    H. C.
+
+  Workington.
+
+217. _Full Orders._--This term is well understood to mean those orders
+conferred in the church which elevate a deacon to the rank of a priest,
+capable of a full and entire performance of the duties of the Christian
+ministry. An interesting point has recently been stirred afresh,
+touching the validity of any ministerial commission which does not draw
+its authority from the imposition of episcopal hands. I am not proposing
+to start a controversial question, unsuited to the quiet and pleasant
+pages of "NOTES AND QUERIES;" but there branches out from this question
+a Query solely relating to the Church of England, and involving no
+dispute; and therefore I beg to ask, whether our church holds that a
+bishop can confer the full orders of the priesthood without any
+concomitant laying on of the hands of the presbytery? The rubric in the
+office for the Ordering of Priests, says, "_The Bishop with the Priests
+present shall lay their hands severally upon the head of every one that
+receiveth the order of Priesthood_:" and the Bishop then says, "Receive
+the Holy Ghost for the office and work of a Priest in the Church of God,
+now committed unto thee by the imposition of our hands," &c. Is, then,
+the aid of the priests _essential_ to the due performance of the rite?
+Does the expression "_our_ hands" mean both bishop's and priests' hands,
+as the joint instruments of conveying authority to do the work and
+office of a priest? Is there any instance of an Anglican bishop
+ordaining a priest without assistance? I am aware that Beveridge
+considers that the bishop's hands alone are sufficient; that it has
+never been the practice in the Greek or the Eastern churches for priests
+to take a part in the ceremony of conferring "full orders;" and that the
+custom of their doing so is referred to a decree of the Council of
+Carthage, A.D. 398, which says, "When a priest is ordained, the
+bishop blessing him and laying the hand upon his head, let all the
+priests also, that are present, hold their hands upon his head, by the
+hands of the bishop." Without the slightest reference to which is really
+the orthodox method, I would merely ask, whether the Church of England
+could _legally_ forego the intervention of the priests, just as the
+Church of Scotland dispenses with the aid of bishops in the act of
+conferring "full orders?"
+
+    ALFRED GATTY.
+
+218. _Earwig._--Can any correspondent furnish a derivation of _ear-wig_
+superior to the ones in vogue?
+
+    ΑΞΩΝ.
+
+219. _The Soul's Errand._--I will thank any one to tell me on what
+grounds the stanzas called the _Soul's Errand_ are reported to have been
+written by Sir Walter Raleigh the night before his execution. The first
+stanza is (memoriter)--
+
+      "Go, soul, the body's guest,
+        Upon a thankless errant!
+      Fear not to touch the best,
+        The truth shall be thy warrant.
+          Go, since I needs must die,
+          And give the world the lie."
+
+It will be satisfactory to hear at the same time in what work they are
+to be found. A nobleman of high rank is said to have them engraved on a
+silver table of the period.
+
+    ÆGROTUS.
+
+
+Minor Queries Answered.
+
+_Call a Spade, a Spade._--What is the origin of the common saying _to
+call a spade, a spade_? Is it an old proverb or a quotation? In a letter
+of Melancthon's to Archbishop Cranmer respecting the formularies of the
+Anglican Church, dated May 1st, 1548, the following sentence occurs,
+which seems to be another form of it:--
+
+  "In Ecclesiâ rectius, _scapham, scapham dicere_; nec objicere
+  posteris ambigua dicta."
+
+Is _scapham, scapham dicere_, I would also ask, a classical quotation,
+or a modern Latin version of the other expression?
+
+    W. FRASER.
+
+  [Mr. Halliwell, in his _Dictionary_, says, "The phrase _To call a
+  spade a spade_ is applied to giving a person his real character or
+  qualities. Still in use." "I am plaine, I must needs call _a spade
+  a spade_, a pope a pope."--_Mar-Prelate's Epitome_, p. 2.]
+
+_Prince Rupert's Drops._--At the risk of being thought somewhat
+ignorant, I beg for enlightenment with regard to the following passage
+extracted from a late number of _Household Words_:--
+
+  "Now the first production of an author, if only three lines long,
+  is usually esteemed as a sort of Prince Rupert's Drop, which is
+  destroyed entirely if a person make on it but a single scratch."
+
+If you, or some of your correspondents, would not think this too trivial
+a matter to notice, and would inform me what the allusion to "Prince
+Rupert's Drop" refers to, I should be very much obliged.
+
+    YRAM.
+
+  [For the history of Prince Rupert's Drops our correspondent is
+  referred to our 100th Number, p. 234. These philosophical toys,
+  which exhibit in the most perfect manner the effects of expansion
+  and contraction in melted glass, are made by letting drops of
+  melted glass fall into cold water. Each drop assumes an oval form
+  with a tail or neck resembling a retort; and possesses this
+  singular property, that if a small portion of the tail is broken
+  off the whole bursts into powder with an explosion, and a
+  considerable shock is communicated to the hand that grasps it.]
+
+_"Worse than a Crime."_--Who first remarked, with reference to the
+murder of the Duc D'Enghien by Napoleon, "It was worse than a crime, it
+was a blunder?"
+
+    T. ALLASON.
+
+  Furnival's Inn, Oct. 3. 1851.
+
+  [This saying has always been attributed to Talleyrand; and it is
+  so clearly the remark of a clever politician, but lax moralist,
+  that we have little doubt it has been very justly appropriated to
+  that distinguished sayer of good things.]
+
+_Arbor Lowe, Stanton Moor, Ayre Family._--Can any of your readers oblige
+me with information respecting the Druidical remains at Arbor Lowe and
+Stanton Moor, in the Peak of Derbyshire? I am unable to find any but
+meagre notices; and in one or two so-called histories of Derbyshire,
+they are only casually mentioned. Also any particulars concerning the
+old family of the Ayres, who formerly lived at Birchever, and whose
+house still stands in a very ruinous condition at the foot of the Routor
+Rocks?
+
+I have heard that some very singular histories are connected with the
+family.
+
+    H.
+
+  [Arbor Lowe and Stanton Moor will be found very fully described by
+  that indefatigable Derbyshire antiquary Mr. Bateman, in his
+  _Vestiges of the Antiquities of Derbyshire_, published in 1848.]
+
+_Bishop of Worcester "On the Sufferings of Christ."_--Who was the Bishop
+of Worcester about the year 1697? I have a book by him _On the
+Sufferings of Christ_, and it only states by Edward Bishop of Worcester.
+I presume it is Dr. Stillingfleet.
+
+    Σιγμα.
+
+  [This work is by Bishop Stillingfleet; the first edition was
+  published in 1696, and Part II. in 1700, the year following the
+  Bishop's death.]
+
+_Lord Clifford._--Is the present Lord Clifford lineally descended from
+the Lord Clifford who was Lord High Treasurer _temp._ Charles II., or
+whether he derives through any collateral branch?
+
+    CLERICUS.
+
+  [The present Lord Clifford, the eighth baron, is lineally
+  descended from Thomas first Baron Clifford of Chudleigh, who was
+  so created 22nd April, 1672.]
+
+_Latin Translation of Sarpi's Council of Trent._--Can any one inform me
+who translated this into Latin? I have a copy of an early edition,
+without printer's name or place of publication, and with the fictitious
+name _Petri Suavis Polani_; an anagram, though not an accurate one, of
+_Pauli, Sarpis, Veneti_. The date is 1622, and over it is the device of
+a man under a tree, round which a vine twines, with "non solus" on a
+scroll. At the foot of the title-page is a MS. note in the handwriting
+of Rev. Francis Boult, who was a dissenting minister in Shrewsbury about
+a hundred years ago. It would enable those who have access to public
+libraries (which I have not) to answer the question above proposed. _Si
+scire cupias quis interpres hanc historiam ex Italico in Latinum
+sermonem verterit, consula opusculum Degorii Wheare, Relectiones
+Hyamales vocatum pag. 219 et 220._
+
+    E. H. D. D.
+
+  [This is the first edition of the very inaccurate Latin
+  translation of Sarpi's _Council of Trent_. The first two chapters
+  were translated by Sir Adam Newton, and the last two by William
+  Bedell, afterwards Bishop of Kilmore.]
+
+_Livery Stables._--What is the meaning of _livery_ stables, and when
+were they first so called?
+
+    J. C. W.
+
+  [_Livery_, i.e. _delivery_, from the French _livrer_, to deliver.
+  To the origin of this word (says Junius) these words of Chaucer
+  allude, "that is the conisance of my _livery_, to all my Servants
+  _delivered_." Richardson also gives the following quotation from
+  Spenser explanatory of it:--"What _livery_ is, wee by common use
+  in England know well enough, namely, that it is allowance of
+  horse-meate, as they commonly use the word in stabling, as to
+  keepe horses at _livery_:--the which word, I guesse, is derived of
+  _livering_ or delivering forth their nightly foode. So in great
+  houses the livery is said to be served up for all night, that is,
+  their evening's allowance for drinke. And livery is also called
+  the upper weede which a serving man weareth, so called (as I
+  suppose) for that it was delivered and taken from him at
+  pleasure."--_Spenser on Ireland._]
+
+
+
+
+Replies.
+
+
+MABILLON'S CHARGE AGAINST THE SPANISH CLERGY.--CAMPANELLA AND
+ADAMI.--WILKES MSS.
+
+It may seem a little too late to notice a criticism nearly two years
+old; but, though I had casually looked at "NOTES AND QUERIES," it is but
+lately that I have, with very great pleasure, read through the volumes
+which have appeared. I was therefore ignorant of some remarks relating
+to myself, which from time to time have been made. Greatly as I am open
+to the charge of too frequent inaccuracy in what I have published, I can
+defend myself from some strictures of your correspondents.
+
+The first of these is contained in a letter signed CANTAB (Vol. i., p.
+51.), and relates to a passage in my _History of the Middle Ages_, where
+I have said, on the authority of Mabillon, "Not one priest in a thousand
+in Spain, about the age of Charlemagne, could address a common letter of
+salutation to another." CANTAB produces the passage in Mabillon, which
+contains exactly what I have said; but assigns as a reason for it, that
+the Christians, that is, the clergy, had wholly devoted themselves to
+the study of Arabic and Hebrew books. And this excuse CANTAB accepts.
+"They were devoting all their energies to Arabic and Chaldean science,
+and in their pursuit of it neglected other literature. A similar remark
+might be made respecting many distinguished members of the university to
+which I belong." In order to make this a parallel case, it should be
+asserted, not that many senior wranglers would be at a loss in a Greek
+chorus, but that they cannot write a good English letter. CANTAB seems
+to forget, that in the age of Charlemagne, all that was necessary
+towards writing a Latin letter in Spain was to substitute regular
+grammar for the corrupt _patois_, the _lingua Romana rustica_, which was
+soon to become Castilian. The truth is, that the reasons assigned by
+Mabillon's authority, whoever it might be, is wholly incredible. I am
+not convinced that it was more than a sarcasm on the ignorance which it
+affects to excuse. Does CANTAB believe that the whole body of the
+Spanish clergy relinquished at once, not other literature, but the most
+elementary knowledge, for the sake of studying Arabic and Chaldee books?
+And this is not alleged to have been for the purpose of converting Moors
+and Jews, but as a literary pastime. They are expressly said to have
+neglected the Scriptures. The object that I had in view was to show the
+general ignorance of various nations in those ages and this charge of
+ignorance, as to what lay most open to the Spanish clergy, would hardly
+be alleviated, even if it were true, that some of them had taken to the
+study of Arabic.
+
+Another criticism in Vol. i., p. 435., relating to what I have said in
+_Hist. of Literature_, vol. iii. p. 149. (1st edition), concerning
+Campanella and Adami, is better founded, though your correspondent C. is
+himself not wholly accurate. I have said of Tobias Adami, that he
+"dedicated to the philosophers of Germany his own _Prodromus Philosophiæ
+Instaurandæ_ (Instaur_atio_ is, of course, an error of the press),
+prefixed to his edition of Campanella's _Compendium de Rerum Naturâ_,
+published at Frankfort in 1617." C. says, "This _Prodromus_ is a
+treatise of Campanella's, not, as Mr. Hallam says, of Adami. Adami
+published the _Prodromus_ for Campanella, who was in prison; and he
+wrote a preface, in which he gives a list of other writings of
+Campanella, which he proposes to publish afterwards. What Mr. Hallam
+calls an edition, was the first publication."
+
+The words _Prodromus Philosophiæ Instaurandæ_, which appear only on the
+title-page, are of Adami himself, not of Campanella. The work of the
+latter is called _Compendium de Rerum Naturâ_, and is printed, after the
+preface, with this running title. The error into which I fell was to
+refer the words _Prodromus Philosophiæ Instaurandæ_ to the preface of
+Adami, and not to the entire work. It may be satisfactory to give the
+title-page, and one or two extracts from the preface:--
+
+  "Prodromus Philosophiæ Instaurandæ, id est, Dissertationis de
+  Natura rerum Compendium, secundum sera principia, ex scriptis
+  Thomæ Campanellæ præmissum, cum præfatione ad philosophos
+  Germaniæ. Francofurt. 1617."
+
+_Prodromus_, of course, means the _avant-courier_ of a new philosophy;
+and this, I might think, was intended for Adami himself. But, on looking
+again at the preface, I perceive that it refers to the _Compendium_,
+which was to lead the way to ulterior publications.
+
+  "Præmittere autem hoc saltem opusculum visum nobis est, quo brevis
+  ἀνακεφαλαίωσις physicorum philosophematum conjecta est,
+  ut judicia doctorum ex eo in Germania experiremur,
+  exercitaremusque. Cui si operæ pretium videbitur, subjungemus
+  posthac autoris pleniorem et concinniorem Epilogismum Philosophiæ
+  Naturalis, Moralis et Politicæ, addito opusculo Civitatis Solis,
+  quo idea ingeniosissima reipublicæ philosophiæ secundum naturam
+  instituendæ proponitur."
+
+I had at one time a doubt, suggested by the language of the title-page,
+whether the _Compendium de Rerum Naturâ_ were not an abridgment of
+Campanella, by Adami himself. But the style has too much vigour and
+terseness to warrant this supposition. And the following passage in the
+preface leads us to a different conclusion:
+
+  "De stylo, si tam delicatæ, ut nostratium nonnullæ sunt, aures
+  reperiantur, quibus non ubique ita accuratus, _et ex scriptis
+  mendosis interdum depravatus videatur_, supervacuum puto excusare,
+  cum philosophus non loquatur, ut loquatur, sed ut intelligi
+  velit."
+
+Your correspondent observes also: "What Mr. Hallam calls an 'edition,'
+was the first publication." Is not this rather hyper-critical? "First
+edition" is a familiar phrase, and Adam was surely an editor.
+
+In Vol. iii., p. 241., it is said that "in 1811 these MSS. (viz. of
+Wilkes) were, I presume, in the possession of Peter Elmsley, Principal
+of St. Alban's Hall, as he submitted the Junius Correspondence, through
+Mr. Hallam, to Serjeant Rough, who returned the letters to Mr. Hallam."
+And it is asked, "Where now are the original Junius letters, and where
+the other MSS.?"
+
+I have to answer to this, that I returned the Junius letters (I never
+had any others of Wilkes) to Mr. Elmsley some years before his death in
+1825. They are, in all probability, in the possession of his
+representatives.
+
+    HENRY HALLAM.
+
+
+PRINTING.
+
+(Vol. iv., p. 148.)
+
+More than a few of your contributors have, I trust, concurred with me in
+hoping, if not expecting, that something will be done to effect the
+object presented to our notice through M.'s most judicious suggestion.
+It will be admitted that now, for about thirty years, the study of the
+history of early printing has been commonly neglected, frequently
+despised. The extent of the advance or decline of any science in general
+estimation can always be accurately computed by means of a comparative
+view of the prices demanded at different periods for the works which
+treat of it; and it is unquestionable, that books on bibliography, which
+once were highly rated, have latterly become (at least to those who have
+them already) provokingly cheap. In fact, unless some measures be
+adopted to revive a taste for this important branch of learning, the
+next generation will be involved in decrepitude and darkness with
+respect to typographical antiquities.
+
+M. has incidentally asked, "Do _different books_ circulate under the
+title of _Fasciculus Temporum_?" I should say, strictly speaking,
+Certainly not. But there is a sense in which the supposition is
+perfectly true; for we not only meet with the genuine _Fasciculus_ of
+1474, by Wernerus Rolevinck de Laer, but have also to encounter the same
+work as it was interpolated by Heinricus Wirezburg de Vach, and
+published for the first time in 1481. Ratdolt's edition of 1484, which
+M. used, does not contain the remarkable substituted passage in which
+the author was compelled to record the _invention_, instead of the
+_propagation_, of printing; and it would appear, therefore, that that
+impression does not belong to the Wirezburgian class. I have been
+surprised at finding that Pistorius and Struvius have reprinted the
+sophisticated, and not the authentic, book; and it is curious to see the
+introduction of an "&c." along with other alterations in the account
+given of the death of Henry VII. from the reception of a poisoned Host.
+
+M. will instantly perceive that we cannot safely trust in a _Fasciculus
+Temporum_ of, or after, the date 1481; but I can answer for the
+agreement of the impression of Colon. 1479 with the _editio princeps_.
+The citations respecting the Gutenberg Bible are not from the
+_Fasciculus Temporum_, but from _Die Cronica van der hilliger Stadt van
+Coellen_, A.D. 1499; the testimony of which (or rather of Ulric Zell
+related therein) as to the origin of printing is very well known through
+the Latin translation of it supplied by B. de Mallinckrot. (Clement,
+vii. 221.; Meerman, ii. 105.; Marchand, _Hist. de l'Imp._, ii. 4. 104.;
+Lambinet, 132.)
+
+    R. G.
+
+
+THE PENDULUM DEMONSTRATION, ETC.
+
+(Vol. iv., pp. 129. 177. 235.)
+
+It would have been more courteous in H. C. K. to have requested me to
+exhibit my authority for the assertion that the pendulum phenomenon had
+been latterly attributed to differences in the earth's superficial
+velocity, than to have assumed that explanation as having originated
+with myself. There is certainly nothing to justify H. C. K. in calling
+it "A. E. B.'s theory;" on the contrary, my avowed object was to suggest
+objections to it, and even my approval of it was limited to this, that,
+providing certain difficulties in it could be removed, it would then
+become the most reasonable explanation as yet offered of the alleged
+phenomenon,--the only one, I might have added, that I had the slightest
+hope of comprehending.
+
+I can understand what is meant by the parallelism of the earth's axis;
+and, with the slight exceptions caused by precession and nutation, I
+take _that_ to be the standard of _fixity of direction in space_. When,
+therefore, I am told that the plane of a pendulum's oscillation is also
+fixed in direction, and yet that it is continually changing its relative
+position with respect to the other fixity, the axis of the earth, not
+only does it not present to my mind a comprehensible idea, but it does
+present to it a palpable contradiction of the commonest axiom of
+philosophy.
+
+I am therefore in a disposition of mind the reverse of H. C. K.'s; that
+which to him is only "hard enough to credit," to me is wholly
+incomprehensible; while that which to him is "utterly impossible to
+conceive," appears to me a rational hypothesis in which I can understand
+at least the ground of assertion.
+
+H. C. K. asks me to "reduce to paper" the assertion of the difference of
+velocity between two parallels of latitude ten feet apart. He is not
+surely so unphilosophical as to imagine that a theory, to be true, must
+necessarily be palpable to the senses. If the element of increase exist
+at all, however minute and imperceptible it may be in a single
+oscillation, repetition of effect must eventually render it observable.
+But I shall even gratify H. C. K., and inform him that the difference in
+linear circumference between two such parallels in the latitude of
+London would be about fifty feet, so that the northern end of a ten-feet
+rod, placed horizontally in the meridian, would travel less by that
+number of feet in twenty-four hours than the southern end. This, so far
+from being inadequate, is greatly _in excess_ of the alleged apparent
+motion in the plane of a pendulum's vibration.
+
+In the remarks of another correspondent, E. H. Y. (Vol. iv., p. 177.),
+there is but one point that seems to require observation from me; it is
+his assertion that "there is no force by which a body unconnected with
+the earth would have any tendency to rotate with it!" Is then the
+rotation of forty miles of atmosphere, "and all that it inherit," due to
+friction alone? And even so, can any object, immersed in that
+atmosphere, be said to be "_unconnected with the earth_"?
+
+    A. E. B.
+
+
+WINIFREDA.--"CHILDE HAROLD."
+
+(Vol. iii., pp. 27. 108. 155.; Vol. iv. p. 196.)
+
+I have not yet thanked LORD BRAYBROOKE for the obliging manner in which,
+in reply to my inquiry, he furnished a list of the reputed authors of
+"Winifreda." His recent note on the same subject gives me an occasion
+for doing so, while expressing my concurrence in his view that G. A.
+Stevens was not the author. In short, it may be taken now I think as an
+established fact, that the author is unknown.
+
+Nevertheless, I do not believe that this poem was written in any part of
+the seventeenth century. It appears to me to be the work of a true poet
+in the most vicious age of English poetry, and infected with all its
+faults. Weakened with epithets, and its language poor and artificial, it
+rises to nature at the close, than which nothing of the kind can be much
+better. In the following stanza I do not altogether like the
+personification of Time:--
+
+      "And when with envy, Time transported,
+        Shall think to rob us of our joys,
+      You'll in your girls again be courted,
+        And I'll go wooing in my boys."
+
+A likely thought, truly, for a boy of sixteen! My own impression is,
+that it did not long precede the age of "the little folks on Strawberry
+Hill."
+
+Since writing the above I have referred to my copy of Steven's songs,
+which I had not at hand before. It is the Oxford edition mentioned by
+LORD BRAYBROOKE; and although it does not contain "Winifreda," a clue,
+it appears to me, may be drawn from it as to Stevens's connexion with
+this piece. In the first place, it is to be remarked that the title of
+the book is, _Songs, Comic and Satyrical_, by George Alexander Stevens.
+The motto is from the author's _Lecture on Heads_, "_I love fun!--keep
+it up!_" These circumstances are important, as one would hardly expect
+to find "Winifreda" in such a volume, though it were by the same author.
+Yet, there is a song which, though written in a more lilting measure, is
+quite as much out of place; and this song shows evidence, in my opinion,
+of Stevens having known and admired "Winifreda." It is entitled "Rural
+Felicity," and is to be found at page 71 of the volume. Compare the two
+following stanzas with the last two of "Winifreda:"--
+
+            III.
+
+      "He smiles on his babes, as some strive for his knee,
+        And some to their mother's neck cling,
+      While playful the prattlers for place disagree,
+        The roof with their shrill trebles ring.
+
+            VI.
+
+      "I remember the day of my falling in love,
+        How fearful I first came to woo;
+      I hope that these boys will as true-hearted prove,
+        And our lasses, my dear, look like you."
+
+"Rural Felicity," however, though in a purer style than "Winifreda," can
+hardly be said to rise to poetry at all; and if the latter had been by
+the same author, it is most improbable that he would have excluded it
+from the volume containing the former. Looking at the two songs
+together, one is an evident imitation; and the conclusion I should come
+to with regard to the other is, that it was written by a man who _knew_
+the feeling he describes; by one of whom it could not be said, "He has
+no children;" by one to whom that more than identity of interest that
+centres in the--
+
+      "Unselfish self, the filial self of twain,"
+
+was a familiar feeling. Stevens, perhaps, had repeated the poem, or made
+a copy of it, and thus gained the credit of being its author.
+
+I am surprised that your correspondent T. W. should find any difficulty
+in the passage he quotes from _Childe Harold_:
+
+      "Thy waters wasted them while they were free,
+       And many a tyrant (_has wasted them_) since."
+
+This mode of expression is only faulty when ambiguous; but here of
+ambiguity there is none.
+
+    SAMUEL HICKSON.
+
+
+THE THREE ESTATES OF THE REALM.
+
+(Vol. iv., pp. 115. 196.)
+
+As CANONICUS EBORACENSIS considers that I have "not exactly hit the
+mark" in inferring that "the Lords, the Clergy _in Convocation_, and the
+Commons" are the "Three Estates of England" named in the Gunpowder
+Treason Service, I would claim, being not yet altogether convinced by
+CANON. EBOR.'S arguments that such is the case, a share of your space
+for discussing a question which must certainly be interesting to all who
+uphold "our Constitution in Church and State." My apology for prolixity
+must be, that having but just received "NOTES AND QUERIES" I have not
+had time to study brevity.
+
+The passages, which contain the expressions referred to in the Service,
+are as under:--
+
+  "We yield Thee our unfeigned thanks and praise for the wonderful
+  and mighty deliverance of our gracious Sovereign King James the
+  First, the Queen, the Prince, and all the royal branches, _with
+  the Nobility, Clergy, and Commons of England_, then assembled in
+  Parliament, by popish treachery appointed as sheep to the
+  slaughter, in a most barbarous and savage manner, beyond the
+  examples of former ages."--The First Collect at Morning Prayer.
+
+  "By discovering and confounding their horrible and wicked
+  enterprise, plotted and intended this day to have been executed
+  against the King _and the whole State of England_, for the
+  subversion of the government and religion established among
+  us."--The Litany.
+
+  "Acknowledging Thy power, wisdom, and goodness in preserving the
+  King, _and the Three Estates of the Realm of England_, assembled
+  in Parliament, from the destruction this day intended against
+  them."--The Communion Service.
+
+  "Who on this day didst miraculously preserve _our Church and
+  State_ from the secret contrivance and hellish malice of popish
+  conspirators."--After the Prayer for the Church Militant.
+
+CANON. EBOR. asserts that these Three Estates (the word "estates" being
+used of course in its second intention, as meaning the representatives,
+and not the orders _en masse_) are "the Lords Spiritual," "the Lords
+Temporal," and "the Commons," representing severally the clergy, the
+nobility, and the commonality. As "the Lords Spiritual" are always
+placed before "the Lords Temporal," he is obliged to rank _the clergy_
+before _the nobility_ in spite of the order of precedency observed in
+the Collect. This seems to show that the clergy are not represented by
+the bishops. And in the Coronation Oath they are separately specified:
+
+  "And will you preserve unto _the bishops and clergy of the realm_,
+  and to the churches committed to them, all such rights and
+  privileges as by law do or shall appertain unto them or any of
+  them?"
+
+This in an older oath ran thus:
+
+  "Et quil gardera le peas de seynt Eglise _et al clergie_ et al
+  people de bon accorde."
+
+From these quotations it does not seem very faulty to infer, that the
+clergy as represented by Convocation are the second Estate of the realm;
+and are not, as represented by "the Lords Spiritual," the first, which
+is the Estate of the nobility represented by the Peers.
+
+Against this CANON. EBOR.'S arguments are two: first, "that the phrase
+'assembled in Parliament' has no application to the Convocation;" and
+next, that the "Convocation does not sit at Westminster."
+
+With regard to the first, I have to say that it was somewhat late in our
+history that the point was settled that Convocation was not a part of
+Parliament. In Mr. Palin's recently published _History of the Church of
+England_, ch. x. p. 242., I read, with respect to the dissolution of the
+Convocation of 1701,--
+
+  "With the presentation of this document the Convocation dispersed,
+  both the King and the Prolocutor being now dead; and in the act
+  that empowered the Parliament to sit after the king's
+  death, no provision was made to continue the Convocation. The Earl
+  of Rochester moved, in the House of Lords, that it might be
+  considered, _whether the Convocation was not a part of the
+  Parliament, and whether it was not continued in consequence of the
+  act that continued the Parliament_. But that was soon let fall;
+  for the judges were all of opinion that it was dissolved by the
+  king's death."
+
+In _A Reconciling Letter, &c._, a pamphlet published in 1702:
+
+  "Pray inform me to which notion I may subscribe; whether to the
+  Convocation being a Parliamentary body, and _part of Parliament_,
+  as Dr. A. has made it? Or to the Convocation having a
+  Parliamentary relation, and such an origin and alliance," &c.
+
+On going back to an earlier date:--In Statutis 21 Richard II. c. 2., and
+21 Richard II. c. 12. the preambles state that--
+
+  "These statutes were made by the assent _of the procurators of the
+  clergy, as well as_ of other constituent members _of parliament_."
+
+And we know that the _Procuratores Cleri_ occasionally sat in parliament
+in the Lower House, as the Judges do now in the Upper: in a treatise
+quoted by Coke (_De modo tenendi Parliamentum_)--
+
+  "It appeareth that the proctors of the clergy should appear, 'cum
+  præsentia eorum sit necessaria' (which proveth they were voiceless
+  assistants only), and having no voices, and so many learned
+  bishops having voices, their presence is not now holden
+  necessary."--4 Inst. 5.
+
+Perhaps they were not altogether voiceless, for we find that on Nov. 22,
+1547, a petition was presented by the Lower House of Convocation to the
+Upper, the second clause of which was--
+
+  "2dly. That the clergy of the lower house of Convocation may be
+  admitted _to sit in Parliament with the House of Commons_
+  according to antient usage."
+
+In support of this, the clause _Præmunientes_ in the writ directing the
+elections of Proctors was appealed to. This "Præmunitory Clause," which
+at a later period of the history of Convocation was the cause of much
+discussion, ran thus:--
+
+  "The Bishop was commanded to 'give notice to the (Prior or) Dean
+  and Chapter of his Cathedral Church, and to the Archdeacons and
+  all the clergy of his diocese, that the Prior, Deans, and
+  Archdeacons, in their own persons, the chapter by one, and the
+  clergy by two, proper proxies, sufficiently empowered by the said
+  chapter and clergy, _should by all means be present at the
+  Parliament with him_ to do and to consent to those things, which,
+  by the blessing of GOD, by their common advice happened to be
+  ordained in the matters aforesaid, and that the giving this notice
+  should by no means be omitted by him.'"
+
+  "The clergy _thus summoned to Parliament_ by the King and
+  Diocesan, met for the choice of their proxies; for this purpose
+  the Dean or Prior held his chapter, and the Archdeacon his synod.
+  The representatives being chosen in these assemblies _were sent up
+  to Parliament_, with procuratorial letters from the chapter and
+  clergy to give them an authority to act in their names, and on the
+  behalf of their electors."--Collier's _Eccles. Hist._, Part II.
+  book iv.
+
+Also--
+
+  "All the members of both Houses of Convocation have the same
+  privileges for themselves and their servants as _the members of
+  parliament_ have, and that by statute."--Chamberlayn's _Mag. Brit.
+  Notitia_, p. 94.
+
+It may be reasonably doubted, whether a little research would not afford
+further reasons for thinking that there was some ground for applying the
+phrase "assembled in Parliament" to Convocation.
+
+With respect to the Convocations sitting at Westminster. The first
+Convocation of 1283 sat "at the New Temple;" the next was summoned on
+St. Matthew's day, 1294, to meet _at Westminster_. On April 22, 1523, a
+National Synod of both Convocations was held _at Westminster_ by
+Cardinal Wolsey, the Papal Legate. The Convocation sat _at Lambeth_ in
+1555 and 1558. In 1586 and 1588, we find Convocation often sitting _at
+Westminster_. In 1624 the Upper House sat _at Christ Church_, Oxford,
+and the Lower _at Merton College_. On May 16, 1661, the Convocation met
+in "the Collegiate Church _at Westminster_." The first Convocation of
+William III. had its amended commission brought to it on the 4th of
+December, while both Houses were sitting together _in Henry VII.'s
+Chapel_. The last Convocation of the same king met on the 10th of
+February, 1701, at St. Paul's, where they heard divine service, and then
+went to the chapter-house, where they chose for their prolocutor Dr.
+Hooper. On the 25th of February, the Lower House was sitting in Henry
+VII.'s Chapel; and on the 6th of March they were both sitting _in the
+Jerusalem Chamber: where_ twice in this present year it has sat. It is
+true that the writ which summoned James I.'s first Convocation called
+the clergy to appear before the archbishop "in our cathedral church of
+St. Paul in London, the twentieth day of March then next ensuing, or
+elsewhere, as he should have thought it most convenient;" and it seems
+that they did assemble "at the time and place before-mentioned;" yet,
+supposing they were not at Westminster then, they were in almost equal
+danger from the Popish Plot, as it is not likely they would have
+received any greater mercy at the hands of the conspirators.
+
+I have always imagined that it was still a moot-point as to whether all
+the Estates ever _deliberated_ together in the presence of the
+sovereign. It is not generally known, I think, that they all re-assemble
+for the formal passing of every act: and with respect to the authority
+of all three being recited in the preamble, I beg to point out to CANON.
+EBOR. the following exceptions:--In the Act of Uniformity, the style of
+"Lords Spiritual" is omitted throughout, as every one of the bishops
+voted against it. It has also been ruled by the judges that the King
+may hold a parliament without any Spiritual lords; and, in fact, the
+first two parliaments of Charles II. were so holden.
+
+I will presume CANON. EBOR. intended to say that Prelates do not sit in
+the Upper House as _Peers_, otherwise the charge of "mistake" will fall
+upon Blackstone, _Comm._ book i. ch. 2.:
+
+  "The next in order are the Spiritual lords. These consist of two
+  archbishops and twenty-four bishops; and at the dissolution of
+  monasteries by Henry VIII. consisted likewise of twenty-six mitred
+  abbots, and two priors: a very considerable body, and in those
+  times equal in number to the temporal nobility. All these hold, or
+  are supposed to hold, _certain ancient baronies_, under the king:
+  for William the Conqueror thought proper to change the spiritual
+  tenure of frank-almoign, or free alms, under which the bishops
+  held their lands during the Saxon government, into feodal or
+  Norman tenure _by barony_; which subjected their estates to all
+  civil charges and assessments from which they were before exempt:
+  and in right of succession to those baronies, which were
+  unalienable from their respective dignities, the bishops and
+  abbots were allowed their seats in the House of Lords."
+
+Sir Matthew Hale divides the king's extraordinary councils into two
+kinds: 1. Secular or temporal councils; 2. Ecclesiastical or spiritual:
+the king's extraordinary secular councils being the Houses of the Peers
+and of the Commons; and the extraordinary ecclesiastical, the Upper and
+Lower Houses of Convocation.
+
+Some illustration of this may be perhaps found in the following extract
+from an appendix to _A Narrative of the Proceedings of the Lower House
+of Convocation_, published by T. Bennet, London, 1701, in which
+_Prelates_ are Spiritual Lords, whether Bishops or Abbots; and the
+phrase "full Parliament" seems equivalent to the ones used in the
+Gunpowder Treason Service:--
+
+  "When the several Estates were assembled in _full Parliament_, and
+  received the King's commands concerning the business which they
+  were to consider, and were adjourned by him to another day of
+  _full Parliament_, in which they were to meet, and give their
+  answer: the Clergy, and Lords, and Commons consulted in the mean
+  time separately, ... Instances of this are not necessary, but one
+  may be seen among the Records in the appendix to a late book
+  call'd _Essays concerning the Balance of Power_, &c., and 'tis
+  this: 6 Edw. III. Part 3. N. 1., on Tuesday in Full Parliament the
+  King charged the Prelates, Earls, Barons, and other Great Men, and
+  the Knights of the Shires, and the Commons, that having regard to
+  the honor and profit of his Realm, they should give him their
+  counsel. The which Prelates with the Clergy by themselves, and the
+  Earls and Barons by themselves, and the knights and others of the
+  counties and the Commons by themselves, treated and consulted till
+  Friday next, the day assigned for the next session, and there _in
+  full Parliament_, each by themselves and afterward all in common,
+  answered."
+
+The formation and development of Convocation, at least that of
+Canterbury, presents a great analogy to the English Parliament; as that
+of York does to the Scottish Parliament.
+
+We must remember that before the Norman times, the clergy were exempt
+from all taxation; inasmuch as "they held in Frankalmoigne," that is,
+held their lands, &c., on free alms "in liberam eleemosynam." Littleton
+(lib. ii. c. 6. s. 135.) says:
+
+  "And they which hold in Frankalmoigne are bound of right before
+  God to make orisons, prayers, masses, and other divine services
+  for the soul of their grantor or feoffer, and for the souls of
+  their heirs which are dead," &c.
+
+The king's succeeding William the Conqueror tried to make the clergy
+contribute to the public exchequer, but were effectually resisted. In
+order to surmount the difficulty, King John (A.D. 1206) summoned all the
+priors and abbots _to parliament_, and obtained from them a vote of a
+_thirteenth_: and then wrote to the archdeacons to get the same from the
+clergy generally. Edward I. rendered this scheme for the taxation of the
+clergy complete. He applied to the Archbishops of Canterbury and York to
+assemble, by _their canonical authority_, the convocations of each
+province; and these Metropolitans, moved by the King's writ (the same
+practice is settled now), summoned these bishops and clergy.
+
+The earliest royal writ, summoning a provincial synod, is dated Nov. 24,
+1282, and calling them to meet at _Northampton_: "Venire ... _coram
+nobis_ apud Northampton."
+
+This Convocation assembled at Northampton; and we find another mandate
+from the Archbishop to the dean of the province, directing him to summon
+the bishops and clergy to a Convocation for the 9th of May, 1283, at the
+_New Temple_ (now the Inner and Middle Temples), pursuant to a
+resolution of the Convocation of Northampton. At this Convocation, the
+proctors of the clergy refused to pay the tenth. Eleven years after, we
+find Edward summoning the whole body of the bishops and clergy to
+_Westminster_ on St. Matthew's day, 1294. His writ orders "The dean and
+archdeacon to appear in their proper persons, the chapter by one, and
+the clergy of the diocese by two procurators." The clergy objected to
+this writ as uncanonical, and claimed to be convoked only by their
+Metropolitans; as tending to abolish their provincial synods convened by
+regular ecclesiastical authority, and to establish in their place a
+parliamentary chamber under secular authority. The King, finding them so
+opposed to his project of thus making them a part of the Third Estate,
+reverted to the established practice, and addressed his writs to the
+Archbishops; whereupon the Metropolitans issued their mandates,
+Convocations met, and subsidies were voted.
+
+An important result followed this struggle (see 2 Lingard, p. 375.),
+viz., that the procurators of the common clergy of each diocese (in
+compliance with the direction on the Kings writ) were admitted as
+_constituent members_ of these and all subsequent Convocations; the
+archdeacons, before this time, being considered as their
+representatives, who probably were furnished with letters of procuration
+from them.
+
+The constitution of the English Convocation may be said to be finally
+established in the reign of Edward I., and it has so continued to the
+present day; except that in 1665 the clergy in Convocation gave up the
+privilege of self-taxation, and received in return that of voting for
+the House of Commons, losing thereby one distinctive sign of their being
+"an Estate of the Realm."
+
+    WILLIAM FRASER, B.C.L.
+
+P.S. The error which my former note was intended to correct was not
+utterly a "cockney" one, as the following Proposition, condemned in
+1683, by the University of Oxford, together with several others
+contained in the books of the time, as "damnable and destructive," will
+show:--
+
+  "The sovereignty of England is in _the Three Estates, viz. King,
+  Lords, and Commons_. The King has but a co-ordinate power, and may
+  be overruled by the other two." _Lex Rex. Hunter of a limited and
+  mixed Monarchy._ Baxter's _H. C. Polit. Catech._ See Collier's
+  _Eccl. Hist._, Part 2. Book ix.
+
+
+MEANING OF WHIG AND TORY.
+
+(Vol. iv., p. 57.)
+
+The derivation of these terms, as applied to the two extreme parties in
+politics, is a much vexed question, which will probably never be
+satisfactorily settled. That staunch Tory, Roger North, in his _Examen_,
+has referred the origin of the name of his party to their connexion with
+the Duke of York and his popish allies.
+
+  "It is easy (says North) to imagine how rampant these procurators
+  of power, the Exclusioners, were under such circumstances of
+  advantage as at that time prevailed; everywhere insulting and
+  menacing the royalists, as was done in all the terms of common
+  conversation, and the latter had the wind in their faces, the
+  votes of the house and the rabble into the bargain. This trade,
+  then not much opposed, naturally led to a common use of slighting
+  and opprobrious names, such as Yorkist. That served for mere
+  distinction, but did not scandalize or reflect enough. Then they
+  came to Tantivy, which implied riding post to Rome. Observe, all
+  the while the loyal church party were passive; the outrage lay
+  wholly on the other side. These observing that the Duke favoured
+  Irishmen, all his friends, or those accounted such by appearing
+  against the Exclusion, were straight become Irish; thence
+  bog-trotters, and in the copia of the factious language, the word
+  _Tory_ was entertained, which signified the most despicable
+  savages among the wild Irish; and being a vocal and clear sounding
+  word, readily pronounced, it kept its hold, and took possession of
+  the foul mouths of the faction."
+
+Burton, in vol. ii. of his _Parliamentary Diary_ on the state of
+Ireland, under date of June 10, 1657, has the following passage:
+
+  "Tory is said to be the Irish word _Toree_, that is, _Give me_,
+  which was the summons of surrender used by the banditti, to whom
+  the name was originally applied."
+
+In support of this assertion it may be as well to state that Tory or
+Terry Island, on the coast of Donegal, is said to have taken its name
+from the robbers by whom it was formerly infested. Dr. Johnson also
+supports Burton's derivation of the word; he calls it a cant term, which
+he supposed to be derived from an Irish word, signifying a savage. Mr.
+G. O. Borrow (alias Lavengro), who has devoted much attention to the
+Celtic dialect, in a paper which he contributed some years back to the
+_Norfolk Chronicle_, suggested that the etymology of the word Tory might
+be traced to the Irish adherents of Charles II. during the Cromwellian
+era; the words _Tar-a-Ri_ (pronounced Tory, and meaning _Come, O King_),
+having been so constantly in the mouths of the Royalists as to have
+become a by-word to designate them. So much for the word _Tory_, which
+from these premises is evidently of Irish origin. We now come to
+consider the derivation of the term _Whig_, concerning which there is
+not quite such a diversity of opinion. The first authority we will quote
+shall be Burnet, who says:
+
+  "The south-west counties of Scotland have seldom corn enough to
+  serve them round the year; and the northern parts producing more
+  than they need, those in the west come in the summer to buy at
+  Leith the stores that came from the north; and from a word,
+  Whiggam, used in driving their horses, all that drove were called
+  Whiggamors, and shorter, the Whiggs. Now, in that year (_i.e._
+  1648), after the news came down of Duke Hamilton's defeat, the
+  ministers animated their people to rise and march to Edinburgh;
+  and they came up marching on the head of their parishes with an
+  unheard-of fury, praying and preaching all the way as they came.
+  The Marquis of Argyle and his party came and bearded them, they
+  being about 6000. This was called the Whiggamors' inroad, and ever
+  after that, all that opposed the court came in contempt to be
+  called Whiggs; and from Scotland the word was brought into
+  England, where it is now one of our unhappy terms of
+  disunion."--Burnet's _History of his own Times_, vol. i. p. 43.
+
+Such is Burnet's account of the derivation of this word, in which he is
+followed by Samuel Johnson, who has transcribed the above passage in his
+_Dictionary_. Kirkton also, in his _History of the Church of Scotland_,
+edited by C. K. Sharpe, Esq., in 1817, adheres to the same opinion:
+under the year 1667, he says:
+
+  "The poor people, who in contempt were called Whiggs, became
+  name-fathers to all that owned one honest interest in Britain, who
+  were called Whiggs after them, even at the court of England."
+
+That the term Whig was originally from Scotland, I believe is a
+well-ascertained fact; but while some of our etymologists follow the
+opinion of Burton, others, with (as I think) greater show of reason,
+adhere to the opinion of Roger North and the historians Laing and
+Lingard, all of whom were of opinion that the original Scotch Whigs were
+called so, not, as Burnet supposes, from the word used by them in
+driving their horses, but from the word Whig being vernacular in
+Scotland for sour whey, which was a common drink with the people.
+
+    DAVID STEVENS.
+
+  Godalming.
+
+
+THE RECOVERY OF THE LOST AUTHORS OF ANTIQUITY.
+
+(Vol. iii., pp. 161. 261. 340.)
+
+      "Φέρ', ὦ, ταλαίνῃ χειρὶ τοῦ τρισαθλίου
+      ὀρθῶς προσαρμόσωμεν εὔτονον τε πᾶν
+      σῶμ' ἐξακριβώσωμεν, εἰς ὅσον πάρα."
+
+  _Eurip. Bacch. Supplement._
+
+                        "With a wretched hand,
+      "Come let me this thrice wretched corse compose,
+      And careful as I can the limbs collect."
+
+The foregoing lines, from Burgess's able restoration of this splendid
+scene in the _Bacchæ_ of Euripides, published in the _Gentleman's
+Magazine_ for Sept. 1832, and afterwards without the Greek text in the
+_Literary Gazette_ for Oct. 11, 1845, form a fit motto for the
+undertaking in which I am engaged, and of which I now present a sort of
+report to literary men interested in such matters.
+
+No one, in my opinion, should endeavour to satisfy querists about a
+design more than the original proposer of such design, and I am the
+rather induced to make a few remarks, the subject having been passed
+over with a silence rendered remarkable by the importance of my
+proposal. Two correspondents, however, having come forward with
+additional suggestions and remarks, I feel myself possessed of a pretext
+to touch upon the subject once more. The following will show what common
+steadiness and attention have been able to bring about.
+
+I have so far accomplished my purpose, as lately, while residing on the
+continent, and also since my return, to establish in Russia, Siberia and
+Tartary, Persia, and Eastern Europe, stations for the search after all
+MSS. worth attention. I hope, therefore, to be enabled ere long, through
+the co-operation of my friends abroad, to present the world with
+something more solid than mere promises, and more satisfactory to
+classical critics and lovers of antiquity like myself. Especially I
+expect from my Tartary correspondent some interesting and valuable
+Hebrew MSS., of which there are many to be obtained toward the frontier
+of China and in that country. I unfortunately missed such a MS. some
+years ago, which a sailor had offered to me, whom I am now unable to
+find. I earnestly solicit every Oriental traveller to co-operate with
+me.
+
+The proposal of Dr. Arnold, quoted by M. N. (Vol. iii., p. 261.), I did
+not mention, although I was aware of it, as it is at present next to an
+impossibility to carry it out in the disturbed state of Continental
+Europe, useful as I allow it to be.
+
+Your correspondent J. M. (Vol. iii., p. 340.) asks what has been
+accomplished at Herculaneum in the late investigations. Alas! a few thin
+folios at my side contain all that the most unwearied exertion, and
+ever-renewed patience, have been able to bring to light. A few tracts of
+Epicuros, Philodemos, Colotos, Polystratos, Demetrios, and Carneiscos,
+are the results of the labours at the "City of the Dead." It is much to
+be desired that the investigations should be recommenced when the
+troubled condition of the kingdom of Naples will admit of it. I refer J.
+M. to M. Morgenstern's excellent article on the subject in the
+_Classical Journal_, vol. vii. p. 272. _sqq._, and the _Herculanensium
+Voluminum_, Oxonii, 1824-1825 (Press-mark, 604 f 15, British Museum),
+and the splendid folios of Naples, 1793-1844 (Press-mark, 813 i 2.).
+
+    KENNETH R. H. MACKENZIE.
+
+
+MS. NOTE IN A COPY OF LIBER SENTENTIARUM.
+
+(Vol. iv., p. 188.)
+
+_Peter Lombard, Gratian, and Comestor_ (Vol. iv., p. 188.).--Your
+correspondent W. S. W. alludes to the above-mentioned worthies. I
+extract from Bishop Jeremy Taylor a passage or two in support of the
+story of their brotherhood:
+
+  "It is reported of the mother of Peter Lombard, Gratian, and
+  Comestor, that she having had three sons begotten in unhallowed
+  embraces, upon her death-bed did omit the recitation of those
+  crimes to her confessor; adding this for apology, that her three
+  sons proved persons so eminent in the church, that their
+  excellency was abundant recompense for her demerit; and therefore
+  she could not grieve, because God had glorified Himself so much by
+  three instruments so excellent: and that although her _sin_ had
+  _abounded_, yet God's grace did super_abound_. Her confessor
+  replied, '_At dole saltem, quod dolere non possis_ (Grieve that
+  thou canst not grieve).'"--Sermon "On the Invalidity of a late or
+  death-bed Repentance." _Sermons_, p. 234. Lond. 1678.
+
+And again:
+
+  "To repent because we cannot repent, and to grieve because we
+  cannot grieve, was a device invented to serve the turn of the
+  mother of Peter Gratian."--_Holy Dying_, "Practice of
+  Repentance in Sickness," Sect. vi. Rule 5. Lond. 1808.
+
+    RT.
+
+  Warmington.
+
+W. S. W. (Vol. iv., p. 188.) invites attention to a manuscript note in
+his valuable copy of Peter Lombard's _Sentences_ (ed. Vien. 1477), by
+which Lombard, Gratian, and Comestor are described as "_fratres
+uterini_."
+
+Antoninus, Archbishop of Florence, wrote about A.D. 1445. His account,
+therefore, of this clearly fabulous story must be somewhat earlier, as
+it is (at least in one particular) more curiously circumstantial. His
+words are (_Chronic. Op._, cap. vi. p. 65., ed. Lugd. 1586):
+
+  "A quibusdam prædicatur in populis, quod fuerunt germani ex
+  adulterio nati. Quorum mater cum in extremis peccatum suum
+  confiteretur, et Confessor redargueret crimen perpetratum
+  adulterii, quia valde grave esset, et ideo multum deberet dolere,
+  et poenitentiam agere, respondit illa: '_Pater, scio quod
+  adulterium peccatum magnum est; sed, considerans quantum bonum
+  secutum est, cum isti filii sint lumina magna in Ecclesiâ, ego non
+  valeo poenitere._'"
+
+However, whilst he records this singular story, Antoninus confesses that
+he gives little credit to it; for he presently adds:
+
+  "Non enim reperitur authenticum; imo, nec fuerunt contemporanei,
+  etsi vicini tempore. Gratianus enim fuit ante alios duos."
+
+And not only were they not cotemporaries, but also it may be worth
+observing, that they were not even fellow-countrymen.
+
+    J. SANSOM.
+
+
+Replies to Minor Queries.
+
+_Warnings to Scotland_ (Vol. iv., p. 233.).--Thomas Dutton, Guy Nutt,
+and John Glover, who published the _Warnings to Scotland_, were three of
+the French prophets who went as missionaries, first to Edinburgh and
+afterwards to Dublin. I have a continuation in manuscript, in a very
+thick 4to., of the printed book. They appear to have been succeeded at
+Edinburgh by James Cunningham and Margaret Mackenzie. Cunningham was the
+grandson of the murdered Archbishop of St. Andrews, and prophecied
+himself into the Tolbooth, his warnings from which place, with the
+autograph of the prophet, are contained in a volume entitled, _Warnings
+of the Eternal Spirit pronounced by the Mouth of James Cunningham during
+his Imprisonment in the Tolbooth of Edinburgh_, Lond. 1712, 12mo. pp.
+547. 131. In the very curious and amusing account of the French prophets
+given in Keimer's _Brand pluck'd from the burning, exemplify'd in the
+unparall'd Case of Samuel Keimer_, Lond. printed by W. Boreman, 1718,
+Dutton, Nutt, Glover, and Cunningham, are frequently mentioned. "Thomas
+Dutton," he says, "was an eminent prophet, a sober ingenious man, by
+profession a lawyer, who wrote a letter against John Lacy's taking E.
+Gray." "Guy Nutt, a prophet, a formal whimsical man, who goes in plain
+habit, but not owned by the people called Quakers." Of Glover he gives
+an extraordinary account, p. 54., but which will scarcely admit of
+quotation. He observes, p. 115., that Glover acted the Devil "under
+agitations, five people standing upon him, as commanded by the spirit,
+he all the while making grimaces mixt with a strange mocking, yanging
+noise to the affrightment of the believers." Whether the prophet
+produced an abiding impression at Edinburgh by these _yanging noises_ I
+know not, but in England the sect continued for many years. I have a
+collection of the manifestations of one of them, Hannah Wharton,
+published in 1732, 12mo. She appears to have preached and prophecied at
+Birmingham. I may here observe, that Keimer's tract above mentioned
+contains a very interesting letter from Daniel Defoe, which has not been
+noticed by his biographers. Keimer was one of the numerous publishers
+for Defoe. He afterwards went to America, and we find him frequently
+noticed in the autobiography of Dr. Franklin.
+
+    JAS. CROSSLEY.
+
+_Fides Carbonaria_ (Vol. iv., p. 233.).--_Fides carbonarii_, as it ought
+to be written, originated in an anecdote told with approbation by Dr.
+Milner, or some controversial writer on the same side, and ridiculed by
+Protestants. A coal porter being asked what he believed, replied "What
+the church believes;" and being asked what the church believed, replied
+"What I believe." He could give no further information.
+
+    E. H. D. D.
+
+_Fire Unknown._ (Vol. iv., p. 209.).--In answer to C. W. G., I find that
+Pickering, in his _Races of Man_, p 32., states that in Interior Oregon
+his friends Messrs. Agate and Brackenridge observed "no marks of fire;"
+and, p. 61., that in the Otafuan group the use of fire was apparently
+absent; and that he does not remember to have seen any signs of fire at
+the Disappointment Islands. Perhaps further inquiry, which he suggests,
+might prove that fire is not really wanting among the inhabitants of
+these islands.
+
+    THEOPHYLACT.
+
+_Pope and Flatman_ (Vol. iv., p. 210.).--Flatman's _Poems_ were first
+published in the year 1682--his death took place in 1688: these dates,
+therefore, supply an answer to E. V., as far as regards the question of
+borrowing. The edition now before me is that of 1686, being the
+_fourth_, "with many additions and amendments." It is dedicated to "His
+Grace the Duke of Ormond, Lord Lieutenant of Ireland," &c., and has
+twenty-eight pages of recommendatory poems prefixed to it; one of which
+bears the name of _Charles Cotton_, the adopted son of honest Izaak
+Walton.
+
+Although Campbell speaks with great contempt of Flatman, and quotes
+Granger, who says that "one of his heads (he painted portraits in
+miniature) is worth a ream of his pindarics," I cannot but think he has
+been unduly depreciated; there being many passages in his poems (brief
+ones it is true) possessed of considerable beauty, and which I would
+gladly extract in proof of my assertion, were your pages available for
+such a purpose.
+
+    T. C. S.
+
+_Pope's Translations or Imitations of Horace_ (Vol. i., p. 230.; Vol.
+iv., pp. 58. 122. 139. 239.).--I am very much obliged to MR. CROSSLEY
+for his information and obliging offer; but until he is able to find the
+publication of the piece in question by Curll, and with the date of
+1716, he will forgive my doubting whether his memory has not failed him
+as to the date, as the fact is directly at variance with Pope's own
+statement to Spence. MR. CROSSLEY is certainly mistaken in thinking that
+"The two quarto volumes are the only collection of Pope's works that can
+be called his own, and that Dodsley's edition of 1738 was a mere
+bookseller's collection." There is abundant evidence that this edition
+was Pope's own just as much as the quartos, as was also a prior edition
+of the same small shape of 1736.
+
+    C.
+
+_Lord Mayor not a Privy Councillor_ (Vol. iv., pp. 9. 137. 180.
+236.).--The main question is, I think, settled; that there is no
+pretence whatsoever for the supposition that the _Lord Mayor is a Privy
+Councillor_; but your last correspondent DN. has fallen into a slight
+error, which it may be as well to correct. He confounds a _summons to
+the Privy Council_ with an invitation or notice which is sent (as he
+truly states) from the Home Office to such noblemen and gentlemen as are
+known to be at hand to attend at the _meeting_ for proclaiming the
+sovereign; but which meeting any one may, and the majority do, attend
+without any such notice. This is the notice that DN. received, and that
+I myself have received at two accessions; and which no doubt the Lord
+Mayor and Alderman, and city officers, also receive; but this has
+nothing whatsoever to do with the _Privy Council_.
+
+    C.
+
+_Herschel anticipated_ (Vol. iv., p. 233.).--Thomas Wright suspected the
+motion of the sun in 1750; but I never heard that he was thought mad.
+See _Phil. Mag._, April, 1848, where an account of Wright is given.
+
+    M.
+
+_Sanford's Descensus_ (Vol. iv., p. 232.).--ÆGROTUS will find the
+following in the Bodleian: _De descensu Domini nostri Jesu Christi ad
+Inferos, libri quatuor, ab Hugone Sanfordo inchoati, opera Rob. Parkeri
+ad umbilicum perducti_, 4to. Amst. 1611.
+
+    SAXONICUS.
+
+_Pope's "honest Factor"_ (Vol. iv., pp. 6. 244.).--In the _European
+Magazine_ for September, 1791, under the head of "Anecdotes of the Pitt
+Family," there is a memoir given of Governor Pitt, from which I extract
+the following passages as illustrative of the Queries of your
+correspondents J. SWAN and C.:--
+
+  "The most extraordinary incident in this gentleman's life was, his
+  obtaining and disposing of the celebrated diamond which is still
+  called by his name. It was purchased by him during the time he was
+  Governor of Fort St. George, for 48,000 pagodas, _i.e._ 20,400_l._
+  sterling, instead of 200,000, which the seller first asked for it.
+  It was consigned to Sir Stephen Evance, Knt., in London, in the
+  ship Bedford, Captain John Hudson, Commander, by a bill of lading
+  dated March 8, 1701-2, and charged to the Captain at 6,500 pagodas
+  only. It was reckoned the largest jewel in Europe, and weighed one
+  hundred and twenty-seven carats. When polished it was as big as a
+  pullet's egg. The cuttings amounted to eight or ten thousand
+  pounds."
+
+  "It appears, that the acquisition of this diamond occasioned many
+  reflections injurious to the honour of Governor Pitt; and Mr. Pope
+  has been thought to have had the insinuations, then floating in
+  the world, in his mind when he wrote the following lines:
+
+      "'Asleep and naked as an Indian lay,
+      An honest factor stole a gem away:
+      He pledg'd it to the Knight; the Knight had wit;
+      So kept the di'mond, and the rogue was bit.'
+
+  "These reports, however, never obtained much credit; though they
+  were loud enough to reach the ears of the person against whom they
+  were directed, who condescended to vindicate himself against the
+  aspersions thrown out upon him."
+
+    T. C. S.
+
+"_A little Bird told me_" (Vol. iv., p. 232.).--C. W. might have
+discovered the origin of this saying in an authority much older and much
+more familiar to English readers than the Koran. Instead of going to
+Mahomet in search for legends of King Solomon, if he had opened his
+Bible, and turned to the Book of _Ecclesiastes_ x. 20., he would there
+have found the wise monarch of Israel himself saying,
+
+  "Curse not the king, no, not in thy thought; and curse not the
+  rich in thy bed-chamber: for a bird of the air shall carry the
+  voice, and that which hath wings shall tell the matter."
+
+    TYRO.
+
+  Dublin.
+
+  [R. G., MACKENZIE WALCOTT, P. S. Q., ROVERT, H. T. E., A. H. B.,
+  J. A. PICTON, and other friends, have kindly forwarded similar
+  replies.]
+
+_The Winchester Execution_ (Vol. iv., pp. 191. 243.).--The story, of
+which a summary appears under this title in a recent Number, resembles
+one I have repeatedly heard told in the city of Durham by those who had
+personal recollection of the facts and persons; it occurred about
+thirty years ago. A servant girl was capitally convicted of
+administering poison to the household of a farmer, in a fit of passion
+at some petty injury: a legal doubt raised in her behalf was submitted
+for consideration in London, and some months elapsed in determining it.
+During the interval, her character and conduct being good, she came to
+be employed as a servant in the household of the governor of the gaol,
+then situated in an old gatehouse at the entrance of the Bailey; and one
+of my informants has seen her drawing water at the _pant_ in the market
+place, two or three hundred yards from the gaol, in the heart of the
+town. One morning the governor and all Durham were struck with horror at
+the receipt of an order for her execution, within three days; the city
+being then two days by coach from London, and an appeal for compassion
+impossible. The execution, singularly, was attended with distressing
+circumstances. The rope employed broke, another was not at hand: and the
+wretched girl sat crying under the beam, until a man sent into the town
+(in a field outside of which, on the Newcastle road, this scene
+occurred) could return with another cord, with which he was seen
+flogging his horse up to the gallows. So I have been told by grave and
+trustworthy witnesses.
+
+    F.
+
+_Stanzas in "Childe Harold"_ (Vol. iv., p. 223.).--Surely nothing can be
+clearer than the construction in the lines quoted by our correspondent
+T. W.:
+
+      "Thy shores are empires, changed in all save thee--
+      Assyria, Greece, Rome, Carthage, what are they?
+      Thy waters wasted them while they were free,
+      And many a tyrant since (has wasted them)."
+
+To add one word to confirm what is so transparent, would be merely
+occupying your space without the slightest necessity.
+
+    JAS. CROSSLEY.
+
+  [J. G. R., H. C. K., J. MN., H. L., CHAS. PASLAM, J. A. PICTON, A.
+  E. B., G. S., C. B., SELEUCUS, EDW. S. JACKSON, H. M. A., and many
+  other friends, have kindly furnished similar replies to T. W.'s
+  Query, some at considerable length. We have therefore selected the
+  above, as one of the shortest and first that reached us.]
+
+_Gray and Virgil._--Your correspondent on Gray's plagiarisms (Vol. iii.,
+p. 445.) quotes Davenant and Prior as having both forestalled his idea
+with regard to _sorrow_, that--
+
+              "Where ignorance is bliss,
+      'Tis folly to be wise."
+
+I long since noted these lines as parallel to--
+
+      Φρονῶ δ', ἃ πάσχω· καὶ τόδ' οὐ σμικρὸν κακόν·
+      τὸ μὴ εἰδέναι γὰρ ἡδονὴν ἔχει τινὰ
+      νοσοῦντα· κέρδος δ' ἐν κακοῖς ἀγνωσία.
+
+  Euripid. _Frag. Antiop._ xiii.
+
+In the next page of "NOTES AND QUERIES," Q. E. D. reasonably defends the
+expression "Thamesini _littoris_ hospes." The exact distinction between
+_littus_ and _ripa_ is marked indeed by Ovid, where he says of the
+rivers:
+
+      "In mare perveniunt partim, campoque recepta
+      Liberioris aquæ, _pro ripis littora pulsant_."--_Met._ i. 41.
+
+But this did not prevent his applying _littora_ to a lake:
+
+      "Sint tibi Flaminius _Thrasymenaque littora_ testes."
+
+  _Fast._ vi. 765.
+
+Both he and Virgil use _littus_, speaking of the same river:
+
+      "_Littus adit Laurens_; ubi tectus arundine serpit
+      In freta flumineis vicina Numicius undis."
+
+  _Met._ xiv. 598.
+
+Here, however, there might be a question from the context: not so,
+however, in _Æn._ vii. 797.:
+
+      "Qui saltus, Tiberiae, tuos, sacrumque Numici
+      _Littus_ arant."
+
+On the other hand we have _ripa_ for _littus_:
+
+      "Æquoris nigri fremitum, et trementes
+                              Verbere ripas."
+
+  Hor. _Od._ III. xxvii. 23.
+
+    EFFIGIES.
+
+  Stamford.
+
+_Aulus Gellius' Description of a Dimple_ (Vol. iv., p. 134.).--The
+couplet quoted by your correspondent RT. is from Varro, and I think he
+will find it given by Mad. Dacier in her edition of Anacreon, under Ode
+xxviii., line 26.:
+
+      "τρυφεροῦ δ' ἔσω γενείου," &c.
+
+    .ת.א
+
+If your correspondent RT. will refer to Gray's _Works_, vol. ii. p.
+164., edited by Mitford, and published by Pickering, 1836, he will find
+the following note:--
+
+  "The fragment is not to be found in Aulus Gellius, but in Mori
+  Marcellus, under the word 'Mollitudo.'"
+
+Now what _Mori Marcellus_ means, I know not: perhaps some of your
+correspondents may enlighten me on that point.
+
+    HENRY DYKE.
+
+  Gretworth, near Brackley, Aug. 25. 1851.
+
+This Mori Marcellus I take to be the same person as Marcellus Nonius, of
+whom an account is to be found in Smith's _Dictionary of Greek and Roman
+Biography, &c._, vol. ii. p. 937.
+
+    F. BW.
+
+
+
+
+Miscellaneous.
+
+
+NOTES ON BOOKS, SALES, CATALOGUES, ETC.
+
+There is one feature in Murray's _Reading for the Rail_, namely, that of
+making the volumes not of one uniform price, but varying from One
+Shilling and upwards, the advantages of which are shown very clearly by
+the first two of the series which have appeared. For it would have been
+a difficulty for the most Procrustean of editors to have compressed _The
+Essays from The Times_ within the limits of that capital
+shilling's worth, _The Chase_, by Nimrod. Well do we remember, that on
+the appearance of that sparkling sketch in the _Quarterly_, in the same
+way that many--who like Michael Cassio,
+
+              "never set a squadron in the field,
+      Nor the division of a battle knew,
+      More than a spinster,"
+
+have watched with the deepest interest the masterly strategy of
+Marlborough, Napoleon, or that greater still, The Duke--hundreds who
+never set foot in stirrup--who certainly never joined in a view hallo!
+followed with the greatest interest and anxiety the adventures of Snob
+and his little bay mare in the Quorn Country. If Mr. Murray does not
+sell ten or twenty thousand copies of this amusing tractate, we shall be
+greatly deceived. May he sell as many of its more important companion,
+_The Essays from the Times_: for, as he well observes in his prefatory
+notice to the volume in question, these brilliant Papers on Lord Nelson
+and Lady Hamilton, Railway Novels, Louis Philippe, Southey, &c. exhibit
+"literary merits and a moral tone well calculated to promote the
+important national object" advocated by that powerful journal in the
+article on the Literature of the Rail to which the present series owes
+its origin. How many hundreds, nay thousands, must there be who, having
+read these Essays and Reviews in _The Times_, where they were made to
+point a moral most effectually, have especially desired to possess them
+in a more permanent form; and who, having secured the present admirable
+selection, will look anxiously for the period when Mr. Murray will be
+enabled to give a second volume of them.
+
+Among the many works illustrative of the history of France--literary,
+social, and monumental--for which the French are mainly indebted to the
+enlightened administration of M. Guizot, when Minister of Public
+Instruction, there is not one of greater value than the handsome quarto
+published by M. Didron, the learned Secretary of the Comité des Arts et
+Monuments, entitled _Iconographie Chrétienne_. Of the importance and
+utility of this volume, with its admirable illustrations, every journal
+in this country devoted to art or archæology has exhibited repeated
+proofs: and of the many wonderfully cheap books which Mr. Bohn has from
+time to time produced, there is not one to compare with the Translation
+of this interesting volume, which he has just put forth under the title
+of _Christian Iconography; or the History of Christian Art in the Middle
+Ages. In Two Volumes. Vol. I comprising the History of the Nimbus, the
+Aureole, and the Glory, the History of God the Father, the Son and the
+Holy Ghost_. This first volume contains not only nearly the whole of M.
+Didron's quarto; but also between 100 and 150 wood-cuts from the
+original blocks. The subject is one almost new to the English public;
+and the book therefore will be found of great interest to the general
+reader, and of especial interest to the artist, the ecclesiologist, the
+Antiquary, and the student of Church History.
+
+CATALOGUE RECEIVED.--Cole's (15. Great Turnstile) List No. 57 of Very
+Cheap Books.
+
+
+BOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES
+
+WANTED TO PURCHASE.
+
+THE ANTIQUARY. 8vo. Edinburgh, 1816. Vols. I. and II.
+
+HISTORY AND ANTIQUITIES OF TWICKENHAM, being the First Part of Parochial
+Collections for the County of Middlesex, begun in 1780 by E. Ironside,
+Esq., London, 1797. (This work forms 1 vol. of Miscell. Antiquities in
+continuation of the Bib. Topographica, and is usually bound in the 10th
+Volume.)
+
+RITSON'S ROBIN HOOD. 12mo. London, 1795. Vol. II. (10_s._ will be given
+for a clean copy in _boards_, or 7_s._ 6_d._ for a clean copy _bound_.)
+
+DR. JOHNSON'S PRAYERS AND MEDITATIONS.
+
+ANNUAL OBITUARY AND BIOGRAPHY. Vol. XXXI.
+
+THEOPHILUS AND PHILODOXUS, or Several Conferences, &c., by Gilbert
+Giles, D.D., Oxon, 1674; or the same work republished 1679, under the
+title of a "Dialogue between a Protestant and a Papist."
+
+PECK'S COMPLETE CATALOGUE OF ALL THE DISCOURSES WRITTEN BOTH FOR AND
+AGAINST PAPACY IN THE TIME OF KING JAMES II. 1735. 4to.
+
+NICHOLS' LEICESTERSHIRE. Wanted the Vol. containing the Guthlaxton
+Hundred.
+
+HARLEIAN MANUSCRIPTS. Index to Vol. IV.
+
+REPORTS OF CHARITY COMMISSION. Vols. VI. VIII. IX.
+
+INDEX TO ADDITIONAL MSS. in the Museum.
+
+FEARNE'S ESSAY ON HUMAN CONSCIOUSNESS, 4to.
+
+BISHOP KIDDER'S LIFE OF ANTHONY HORNECK.
+
+TIGHE'S LIFE OF LAW.
+
+MACROPEDII, HECASTUS FABULA. 8vo. Antwerp, 1539.
+
+OMNES GEORGII MACROPEDII FABULÆ COMICÆ. Utrecht, 1552. 2 Vols. 8vo.
+
+OTHONIS LEXICON RABBINICUM.
+
+[Star symbol] Letters, stating particulars and lowest price, _carriage
+free_, to be sent to MR. BELL, Publisher of "NOTES AND QUERIES," 186.
+Fleet Street.
+
+
+Notices To Correspondents.
+
+_We this week present our Readers with an extra half-sheet for the
+purpose of making room for some of the many communications which have
+long been waiting for insertion. By the end of the present month we
+shall reduce the number of these very considerably, even if we fail in
+our purpose of finding room for all of them._
+
+J. E. (Homerton) _will find an account of Peter of Blois or Peter
+Blesensis in any biographical dictionary; and very full particulars of
+him and his work in Mr. Wright's_ Biographia Britannica Literaria
+(_Anglo-Norman Period_).
+
+ALPHA BETA'S _Query would give rise to a discussion--which we believe
+would be fruitless--and would certainly occupy more space than we could
+afford to it. The omission is not general, and probably originated in
+different places from very different causes._
+
+LEICESTRIENSIS _is thanked for his friendly hint, which shall not be
+lost sight of. Even he can hardly be aware of the difficulties we have
+to contend with._
+
+T. C. S. _The_ "Poetical Coincidence" _in our next_.
+
+C. H. B. _In our next if possible._
+
+R. _will find the subject of_ "Beating the Bounds" _or_ "Parochial
+Perambulations" _treated very fully in Brand's_ Popular Antiquities,
+Vol. i. p. 191 (_ed. Ellis_) 1841. _For_ "Gospel Trees" _he is referred
+to our_ 2nd Vol. pp. 407. 496.
+
+J. M. B. _Dr. Smith's_ Classical Dictionary of Biography, Mythology, and
+Geography, _price one guinea, is the cheapest work upon the subject. Dr.
+Smith's larger dictionaries contain more information; but they are, of
+course, more expensive._
+
+H. G. D. _Will our correspondent favour us with copies of the ballads to
+which he refers?_
+
+J. ALLASON _will find his Query respecting_ "Après Moi le Déluge"
+_discussed in our_ 3rd Vol. pp. 299. 397.
+
+ REPLIES RECEIVED.--_Medical Use of Pigeons--Rasher--Herschel
+Anticipated--Battle of Brunanburgh--Locust of New
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+Ægina--Stanza in Childe Harold--Log Book--Winchester Execution--Suicides
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+Spalatro--Meaning of Log Ship--Parish Registers--Stickle--Marriage of
+Ecclesiastics--Nightingale and Thorn--Borough-English--Praed's
+Works--William III. at Exeter--Bourchier Family--Story referred to by
+Jeremy Taylor--Linteamina and Surplices--Coins of Constantius
+Gallus--Berlin Time--Defoe's House._
+
+_Copies of our Prospectus, according to the suggestion of T. E. H., will
+be forwarded to any correspondent willing to assist us by circulating
+them._
+
+VOLS. I., II., _and_ III., _with very copious Indices, may still be had,
+price 9s. 6d. each, neatly bound in cloth._
+
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+      J. A. Beaumont, Esq., _Managing Director_.
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+      _Physician_--John Maclean, M.D. F.S.S., 29. Upper Montague
+      Street, Montague Square.
+
+  NINETEEN-TWENTIETHS OF THE PROFITS ARE DIVIDED AMONG THE INSURED.
+
+  Examples of the Extinction of Premiums by the Surrender of Bonuses.
+
+      Date of Policy. 1806
+      Sum Insured. £2500
+      Original Premium. £79  10  10 Extinguished
+      Bonuses added subsequently, to be further interested annually.
+          £1222   2   0
+
+      Date of Policy. 1811
+      Sum Insured. £1000
+      Original Premium. £ 33  19   2 Ditto [Extinguished]
+      Bonuses added subsequently, to be further interested annually.
+           £231  17   8
+
+      Date of Policy. 1818
+      Sum Insured. £1000
+      Original Premium. £ 34  16  10 Ditto [Extinguished]
+      Bonuses added subsequently, to be further interested annually.
+           £114  18  10
+
+  Examples of Bonuses added to other Policies.
+
+       Policy No.  521
+       Date. 1807
+       Sum Insured.  £900
+       Bonus added. £982  12  1
+       Total with Additions to be further increased. £1882  12  1
+
+       Policy No. 1174
+       Date. 1810
+       Sum Insured. £1200
+       Bonus added. £1160   5  6
+       Total with Additions to be further increased. £2360   5  6
+
+
+       Policy No. 3392
+       Date. 1820
+       Sum Insured. £5000
+       Bonus added. £3558  17  8
+       Total with Additions to be further increased. £8558  17  8
+
+  Prospectuses and full particulars may be obtained upon application
+  to the Agents of the Office, in all the principal Towns of the
+  United Kingdom, at the City Branch, and at the Head Office, No.
+  50. Regent Street.
+
+
+WESTERN LIFE ASSURANCE AND ANNUITY SOCIETY,
+
+  3. PARLIAMENT STREET, LONDON.
+
+  FOUNDED A.D. 1842.
+
+      _Directors._
+
+      H. Edgeworth Bicknell, Esq.
+      William Cabell, Esq.
+      T. Somers Cocks, Jun. Esq. M.P.
+      G. Henry Drew, Esq.
+      William Evans, Esq.
+      William Freeman, Esq.
+      F. Fuller, Esq.
+      J. Henry Goodhart, Esq.
+      T. Grissell, Esq.
+      James Hunt, Esq.
+      J. Arscott Lethbridge, Esq.
+      E. Lucas, Esq.
+      James Lys Seager, Esq.
+      J. Basley White, Esq.
+      Joseph Carter Wood, Esq.
+
+      _Trustees._
+
+      W. Whately, Esq., Q.C.
+      L. C. Humfrey, Esq., Q.C.
+      George Drew, Esq.
+
+  _Consulting Counsel._--Sir William P. Wood, M.P.,
+  Solicitor-General.
+
+  _Physician._--William Rich. Basham, M.D.
+
+  _Bankers._--Messrs. Cocks, Biddulph, and Co., Charing Cross.
+
+  VALUABLE PRIVILEGE.
+
+  POLICIES effected in this Office do not become void through
+  temporary difficulty in paying a Premium, as permission is given
+  upon application to suspend the payment at interest, according to
+  the conditions detailed in the Prospectus.
+
+  Specimens of Rates of Premium for Assuring 100_l._, with a Share
+  in three-fourths of the Profits:--
+
+      Age   £  _s._  _d._
+      17    1    14    4
+      22    1    18    8
+      27    2     4    5
+      32    2    10    8
+      37    2    18    6
+      42    3     8    2
+
+      ARTHUR SCRATCHLEY, M.A., F.R.A.S., Actuary.
+
+
+Now ready, price 10_s._ 6_d._, Second Edition, with material additions,
+INDUSTRIAL INVESTMENT and EMIGRATION; being a TREATISE on BENEFIT
+BUILDING SOCIETIES, and on the General Principles of Land Investment,
+exemplified in the Cases of Freehold Land Societies, Building Companies,
+&c. With a Mathematical Appendix on Compound Interest and Life
+Assurance. By ARTHUR SCRATCHLEY, M.A., Actuary to the Western Life
+Assurance Society, 3. Parliament Street, London.
+
+
+THE EDINBURGH REVIEW, No. CXCII., is published THIS DAY, the 11th inst.
+
+  CONTENTS:
+
+         I. COMPARATIVE PHILOLOGY: BOPP.
+        II. DENNISTOUNS' DUKES OF URBINO.
+       III. SOURCES OF EXPRESSION IN ARCHITECTURE: RUSKIN.
+        IV. JUVENILE DELINQUENTS.
+         V. MIRABEAU'S CORRESPONDENCE.
+        VI. THE METAMORPHOSES OF APULEIUS.
+       VII. NEAPOLITAN JUSTICE.
+      VIII. THE ANGLO-CATHOLIC THEORY.
+        IX. THE CATALOGUE OF THE GREAT EXHIBITION.
+            NOTE TO ARTICLE VI. OF LAST NUMBER.
+
+  London: LONGMAN and Co. Edinburgh: A. and C. BLACK.
+
+
+Just published, in fcap. 8vo. with Wood Engravings, price 5_s._ bound in
+cloth,
+
+  INDIAN MISSIONS IN GUIANA. By the Rev. W. H. BRETT.
+
+    "An interesting volume, well calculated for helping forward the
+    Church's Missions, by inducing persons to consider the subject who
+    would put aside mere Official Statement and Report. For Parochial
+    Libraries, and for furnishing materials for such Popular Lecture
+    Readings as we have advocated, this volume is admirably
+    adapted."--_English Churchman._
+
+  London: Published for the Society for the Propagation of the
+  Gospel, by GEORGE BELL, 186. Fleet Street.
+
+
+Just published, fcap. 8vo. cloth, price 2_s._; gilt edges, 2_s._ 6_d._
+
+  VERSES FOR 1851. In Commemoration of the Third Jubilee of the
+  Society for the Propagation of the Gospel. Edited by the Rev.
+  ERNEST HAWKINS.
+
+  Also, fcap. 8vo. price 1_s._ 6_d._, with a new Map of the Bishop's
+  Route,
+
+  JOURNAL OF THE BISHOP OF CAPETOWN'S VISITATION TOUR in 1850.
+
+  The Journey herein recorded occupied nine months, and was
+  performed mostly in a waggon, or on foot, through the Karroo, the
+  Orange Sovereignty, Natal, Faker's Territory, British Kaffraria,
+  and the eastern province.
+
+  The above, with the BISHOP'S JOURNAL of 1818, may be had in one
+  volume, cloth, price 3_s._
+
+  London: Published for the Society by GEORGE BELL, 186. Fleet
+  Street; HATCHARD and SON, Piccadilly.
+
+
+Just published, price 1_s._
+
+  DEVOUT MUSINGS ON THE BOOK OF PSALMS, Part IV., containing Psalms
+  CXI. to CL. (being a new Part of the DEVOTIONAL LIBRARY, edited by
+  Dr. HOOK.)
+
+  [Star symbol] The complete book in 2 vols., price 5_s._ cloth.
+
+  Leeds: RICHARD SLOCOMBE. London: GEORGE BELL, 186. Fleet Street.
+
+
+ARNOLD'S DEMOSTHENES, WITH ENGLISH NOTES.
+
+  In 12mo., price 4_s._
+
+  THE PHILIPPIC ORATIONS OF DEMOSTHENES, with ENGLISH NOTES, from
+  the best and most recent Sources. Edited by the Rev. THOMAS
+  KERCHEVER ARNOLD, M.A., Rector of Lyndon, and late Fellow of
+  Trinity College, Cambridge.
+
+  Also, by the same Editor (uniformly printed),
+
+  1. THE ORATION OF DEMOSTHENES ON THE CROWN. 4_s._ 6_d._
+
+  2. THE OLYNTHIAC ORATIONS OF DEMOSTHENES. 3_s._
+
+  RIVINGTONS, St. Paul's Church Yard, and Waterloo Place.
+
+
+LONDON LIBRARY, 12. St. Jame's Square.--Patron--His Royal Highness
+Prince ALBERT.
+
+  This Institution now offers to its members a collection of 60,000
+  volumes for which additions are constantly making, both in English
+  and foreign literature. A reading room is also open for use of the
+  members, supplied with the best English and foreign periodicals.
+
+  Terms of admission--entrance fee, 6_l._; annual subscription,
+  2_l._; or entrance fee and life subscription, 26_l._
+
+  By order of the Committee.
+
+  September, 1851.
+
+  J. G. COCHRANE, Secretary and Librarian.
+
+
+THE QUARTERLY REVIEW, No. CLXXVIII., is published THIS DAY.
+
+CONTENTS:
+
+         I. WIDOW BURNING IN INDIA.
+        II. LIFE OF BISHOP KEN.
+       III. PURITANISM IN THE HIGHLANDS.
+        IV. MIRABEAU AND COUNT DE LA MARCK.
+         V. SIR THOMAS BROWNE--WILKIN'S EDITION.
+        VI. THE LEXINGTON PAPERS.
+       VII. LYELL ON LIFE AND ITS DEVELOPMENT.
+      VIII. PAPAL PRETENSIONS.
+        IX. REVOLUTIONARY LITERATURE--FRENCH AND ENGLISH.
+
+  JOHN MURRAY, Albemarle Street.
+
+
+In a few days, royal 4to., half bound, 38 Plates, 1_l._ 11_s._ 6_d._,
+Coloured 2_l._ 2_s._,
+
+  ANTIQUARIAN GLEANINGS IN THE NORTH OF ENGLAND; being examples of
+  Antique Furniture, Plate, Church Decorations, Objects of
+  Historical Interest, &c. Drawn and Etched by WILLIAM B. SCOTT,
+  Government School of Design, Newcastle, containing--Antiquities in
+  Jarrow Church--Swords of Cromwell, Lambert, Fairfax, &c.--Norman
+  Wall Paintings--Antiquities in York Minster--Rosary of Mary Queen
+  of Scots--Antiquities at Hexham--Stained Glass, &c. in Wetheral
+  Church--Figures of the Apostles in Carlisle Cathedral--Drinking
+  Vessels, Carvings, &c.
+
+    "A collection of Antiquarian Relics, chiefly in the decorative
+    branch of art, preserved in the Northern Counties, portrayed by a
+    very competent hand. Many of the objects possess considerable
+    interest: such as the chair of the Venerable Bede, Cromwell's
+    sword and watch and the grace-cup of Thomas à Becket. All are
+    drawn with that distinctness which makes them available for the
+    antiquarian, for the artist who is studying costume, and for the
+    study of decorative art."--_Spectator._
+
+  Parts 3 and 4 may be had to complete Sets; price together, 10_s._
+  Plain, 15_s._ Coloured.
+
+  London: GEORGE BELL, 186. Fleet Street.
+
+
+ANGLO-SAXON.
+
+  1. ETTMUELLERI LEXICON ANGLO-SAXONICUM. Vorda Vealhstôd Engla and
+  Seaxna, cum Synopsi Grammatica. 838 pp. 8vo. 1851. 13_s._ 6_d._
+
+  2. ETTMUELLERI ANGLO-SAXONUM POËTAE ATQUE SCRIPTORES PROSAICI
+  quorum partim integra opera partim loca selecta. 328. pp. 8vo.
+  1851. 5_s._
+
+  3. CAEDMON'S BIBLISCHE DICHTUNGEN, herausg. von Dr. BOUTERWECK.
+  Text complete. 8vo. 1819. 4_s._
+
+  4. KOENIG AELFRED u. seine Stelle in der Geschichte Englands, von
+  Dr. R. PAULI. 8vo. 6_s._
+
+  WILLIAMS & NORGATE, 14. Henrietta Street, Covent Garden.
+
+
+THE PRIMÆVAL ANTIQUITIES OF ENGLAND ILLUSTRATED BY THOSE OF DENMARK.
+
+  THE PRIMÆVAL ANTIQUITIES OF DENMARK. By J. J. A. WORSAAE, Member
+  of the Royal Society of Antiquaries of Copenhagen. Translated and
+  applied to the illustration of similar Remains in England, by
+  WILLIAM J. THOMS, F.S.A., Secretary of the Camden Society. With
+  numerous Woodcuts. 8vo. 10_s._ 6_d._
+
+    "The best antiquarian handbook we have ever met with--so clear is
+    its arrangement, and so well and so plainly is each subject
+    illustrated by well-executed engravings.... It is the joint
+    production of two men who have already distinguished themselves as
+    authors and antiquarians."--_Morning Herald._
+
+    "A book of remarkable interest and ability.... Mr. Worsaae's book
+    is in all ways a valuable addition to our literature.... Mr. Thoms
+    has executed the translation in flowing and idiomatic English, and
+    has appended many curious and interesting notes and observations
+    of his own."--_Guardian._
+
+    "The work, which we desire to commend to the attention of our
+    readers, is signally interesting to the British antiquary. Highly
+    interesting and important work."--_Archæological Journal._
+
+  See also the _Gentleman's Magazine_ for February 1850.
+
+  Oxford: JOHN HENRY PARKER, and 337. Strand, London.
+
+
+NOTICE.--The Volume of PROCEEDINGS of the ARCHÆOLOGICAL INSTITUTE at
+SALISBURY will be ready in a few days, uniform with the former volumes.
+Price to Subscribers 16_s._ All who wish to have the volume are
+requested to send their names at once to the Publisher, Mr. BELL, 186.
+FLEET STREET.
+
+  [Star symbol] The price will be raised on the day of publication.
+
+
+
+
+Printed by THOMAS CLARK SHAW, of 8. New Street Square, at No. 5. New
+Street Square, in the Parish of St. Bride in the City of London; and
+published by GEORGE BELL, of No. 186. Fleet Street, in the Parish of St.
+Dunstan in the West, in the City of London, Publisher, at No. 186. Fleet
+Street aforesaid.--Saturday, October 11. 1851.
+
+
+
+
+      [List of volumes and pages in "Notes and Queries", Vol. I-IV]
+
+      +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+
+      | Notes and Queries Vol. I.                                   |
+      +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+
+      | Vol., No.     | Date, Year        | Pages     | PG # xxxxx  |
+      +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+
+      | Vol. I No.  1 | November  3, 1849 |   1 -  17 | PG #  8603  |
+      | Vol. I No.  2 | November 10, 1849 |  18 -  32 | PG # 11265  |
+      | Vol. I No.  3 | November 17, 1849 |  33 -  46 | PG # 11577  |
+      | Vol. I No.  4 | November 24, 1849 |  49 -  63 | PG # 13513  |
+      +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+
+      | Vol. I No.  5 | December  1, 1849 |  65 -  80 | PG # 11636  |
+      | Vol. I No.  6 | December  8, 1849 |  81 -  95 | PG # 13550  |
+      | Vol. I No.  7 | December 15, 1849 |  97 - 112 | PG # 11651  |
+      | Vol. I No.  8 | December 22, 1849 | 113 - 128 | PG # 11652  |
+      | Vol. I No.  9 | December 29, 1849 | 130 - 144 | PG # 13521  |
+      +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+
+      | Vol. I No. 10 | January   5, 1850 | 145 - 160 | PG #        |
+      | Vol. I No. 11 | January  12, 1850 | 161 - 176 | PG # 11653  |
+      | Vol. I No. 12 | January  19, 1850 | 177 - 192 | PG # 11575  |
+      | Vol. I No. 13 | January  26, 1850 | 193 - 208 | PG # 11707  |
+      +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+
+      | Vol. I No. 14 | February  2, 1850 | 209 - 224 | PG # 13558  |
+      | Vol. I No. 15 | February  9, 1850 | 225 - 238 | PG # 11929  |
+      | Vol. I No. 16 | February 16, 1850 | 241 - 256 | PG # 16193  |
+      | Vol. I No. 17 | February 23, 1850 | 257 - 271 | PG # 12018  |
+      +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+
+      | Vol. I No. 18 | March     2, 1850 | 273 - 288 | PG # 13544  |
+      | Vol. I No. 19 | March     9, 1850 | 289 - 309 | PG # 13638  |
+      | Vol. I No. 20 | March    16, 1850 | 313 - 328 | PG # 16409  |
+      | Vol. I No. 21 | March    23, 1850 | 329 - 343 | PG # 11958  |
+      | Vol. I No. 22 | March    30, 1850 | 345 - 359 | PG # 12198  |
+      +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+
+      | Vol. I No. 23 | April     6, 1850 | 361 - 376 | PG # 12505  |
+      | Vol. I No. 24 | April    13, 1850 | 377 - 392 | PG # 13925  |
+      | Vol. I No. 25 | April    20, 1850 | 393 - 408 | PG # 13747  |
+      | Vol. I No. 26 | April    27, 1850 | 409 - 423 | PG # 13822  |
+      +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+
+      | Vol. I No. 27 | May       4, 1850 | 425 - 447 | PG # 13712  |
+      | Vol. I No. 28 | May      11, 1850 | 449 - 463 | PG # 13684  |
+      | Vol. I No. 29 | May      18, 1850 | 465 - 479 | PG # 15197  |
+      | Vol. I No. 30 | May      25, 1850 | 481 - 495 | PG # 13713  |
+      +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+
+      | Notes and Queries Vol. II.                                  |
+      +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+
+      | Vol., No.      | Date, Year         | Pages   | PG # xxxxx  |
+      +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+
+      | Vol. II No. 31 | June  1, 1850      |   1- 15 | PG # 12589  |
+      | Vol. II No. 32 | June  8, 1850      |  17- 32 | PG # 15996  |
+      | Vol. II No. 33 | June 15, 1850      |  33- 48 | PG # 26121  |
+      | Vol. II No. 34 | June 22, 1850      |  49- 64 | PG # 22127  |
+      | Vol. II No. 35 | June 29, 1850      |  65- 79 | PG # 22126  |
+      +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+
+      | Vol. II No. 36 | July  6, 1850      |  81- 96 | PG # 13361  |
+      | Vol. II No. 37 | July 13, 1850      |  97-112 | PG # 13729  |
+      | Vol. II No. 38 | July 20, 1850      | 113-128 | PG # 13362  |
+      | Vol. II No. 39 | July 27, 1850      | 129-143 | PG # 13736  |
+      +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+
+      | Vol. II No. 40 | August  3, 1850    | 145-159 | PG # 13389  |
+      | Vol. II No. 41 | August 10, 1850    | 161-176 | PG # 13393  |
+      | Vol. II No. 42 | August 17, 1850    | 177-191 | PG # 13411  |
+      | Vol. II No. 43 | August 24, 1850    | 193-207 | PG # 13406  |
+      | Vol. II No. 44 | August 31, 1850    | 209-223 | PG # 13426  |
+      +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+
+      | Vol. II No. 45 | September  7, 1850 | 225-240 | PG # 13427  |
+      | Vol. II No. 46 | September 14, 1850 | 241-256 | PG # 13462  |
+      | Vol. II No. 47 | September 21, 1850 | 257-272 | PG # 13936  |
+      | Vol. II No. 48 | September 28, 1850 | 273-288 | PG # 13463  |
+      +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+
+      | Vol. II No. 49 | October  5, 1850   | 289-304 | PG # 13480  |
+      | Vol. II No. 50 | October 12, 1850   | 305-320 | PG # 13551  |
+      | Vol. II No. 51 | October 19, 1850   | 321-351 | PG # 15232  |
+      | Vol. II No. 52 | October 26, 1850   | 353-367 | PG # 22624  |
+      +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+
+      | Vol. II No. 53 | November  2, 1850  | 369-383 | PG # 13540  |
+      | Vol. II No. 54 | November  9, 1850  | 385-399 | PG # 22138  |
+      | Vol. II No. 55 | November 16, 1850  | 401-415 | PG # 15216  |
+      | Vol. II No. 56 | November 23, 1850  | 417-431 | PG # 15354  |
+      | Vol. II No. 57 | November 30, 1850  | 433-454 | PG # 15405  |
+      +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+
+      | Vol. II No. 58 | December  7, 1850  | 457-470 | PG # 21503  |
+      | Vol. II No. 59 | December 14, 1850  | 473-486 | PG # 15427  |
+      | Vol. II No. 60 | December 21, 1850  | 489-502 | PG # 24803  |
+      | Vol. II No. 61 | December 28, 1850  | 505-524 | PG # 16404  |
+      +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+
+      | Notes and Queries Vol. III.                                 |
+      +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+
+      | Vol., No.       | Date, Year        | Pages   | PG # xxxxx  |
+      +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+
+      | Vol. III No. 62 | January  4, 1851  |   1- 15 | PG # 15638  |
+      | Vol. III No. 63 | January 11, 1851  |  17- 31 | PG # 15639  |
+      | Vol. III No. 64 | January 18, 1851  |  33- 47 | PG # 15640  |
+      | Vol. III No. 65 | January 25, 1851  |  49- 78 | PG # 15641  |
+      +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+
+      | Vol. III No. 66 | February  1, 1851 |  81- 95 | PG # 22339  |
+      | Vol. III No. 67 | February  8, 1851 |  97-111 | PG # 22625  |
+      | Vol. III No. 68 | February 15, 1851 | 113-127 | PG # 22639  |
+      | Vol. III No. 69 | February 22, 1851 | 129-159 | PG # 23027  |
+      +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+
+      | Vol. III No. 70 | March  1, 1851    | 161-174 | PG # 23204  |
+      | Vol. III No. 71 | March  8, 1851    | 177-200 | PG # 23205  |
+      | Vol. III No. 72 | March 15, 1851    | 201-215 | PG # 23212  |
+      | Vol. III No. 73 | March 22, 1851    | 217-231 | PG # 23225  |
+      | Vol. III No. 74 | March 29, 1851    | 233-255 | PG # 23282  |
+      +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+
+      | Vol. III No. 75 | April  5, 1851    | 257-271 | PG # 23402  |
+      | Vol. III No. 76 | April 12, 1851    | 273-294 | PG # 26896  |
+      | Vol. III No. 77 | April 19, 1851    | 297-311 | PG # 26897  |
+      | Vol. III No. 78 | April 26, 1851    | 313-342 | PG # 26898  |
+      +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+
+      | Vol. III No. 79 | May  3, 1851      | 345-359 | PG # 26899  |
+      | Vol. III No. 80 | May 10, 1851      | 361-382 | PG # 32495  |
+      | Vol. III No. 81 | May 17, 1851      | 385-399 | PG # 29318  |
+      | Vol. III No. 82 | May 24, 1851      | 401-415 | PG # 28311  |
+      | Vol. III No. 83 | May 31, 1851      | 417-440 | PG # 36835  |
+      +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+
+      | Vol. III No. 84 | June  7, 1851     | 441-472 | PG # 37379  |
+      | Vol. III No. 85 | June 14, 1851     | 473-488 | PG # 37403  |
+      | Vol. III No. 86 | June 21, 1851     | 489-511 | PG # 37496  |
+      | Vol. III No. 87 | June 28, 1851     | 513-528 | PG # 37516  |
+      +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+
+      | Notes and Queries Vol. IV.                                  |
+      +-----------------+--------------------+---------+------------+
+      | Vol., No.       | Date, Year         | Pages   | PG # xxxxx |
+      +-----------------+--------------------+---------+------------+
+      | Vol. IV No. 88  | July  5, 1851      |   1- 15 | PG # 37548 |
+      | Vol. IV No. 89  | July 12, 1851      |  17- 31 | PG # 37568 |
+      | Vol. IV No. 90  | July 19, 1851      |  33- 47 | PG # 37593 |
+      | Vol. IV No. 91  | July 26, 1851      |  49- 79 | PG # 37778 |
+      +-----------------+--------------------+---------+------------+
+      | Vol. IV No. 92  | August  2, 1851    |  81- 94 | PG # 38324 |
+      | Vol. IV No. 93  | August  9, 1851    |  97-112 | PG # 38337 |
+      | Vol. IV No. 94  | August 16, 1851    | 113-127 | PG # 38350 |
+      | Vol. IV No. 95  | August 23, 1851    | 129-144 | PG # 38386 |
+      | Vol. IV No. 96  | August 30, 1851    | 145-167 | PG # 38405 |
+      +-----------------+--------------------+---------+------------+
+      | Vol. IV No.  97 | Sept.  6, 1851     | 169-183 | PG # 38433 |
+      | Vol. IV No.  98 | Sept. 13, 1851     | 185-200 | PG # 38491 |
+      | Vol. IV No.  99 | Sept. 20, 1851     | 201-216 | PG # 38574 |
+      | Vol. IV No. 100 | Sept. 27, 1851     | 217-246 | PG # 38656 |
+      +-----------------+--------------------+---------+------------+
+      | Vol. IV No. 101 | Oct. 4, 1851       | 249-264 | PG # 38701 |
+      +-----------------+--------------------+---------+------------+
+      | Vol I. Index. [Nov. 1849-May 1850]             | PG # 13536 |
+      | INDEX TO THE SECOND VOLUME. MAY-DEC., 1850     | PG # 13571 |
+      | INDEX TO THE THIRD VOLUME. JAN.-JUNE, 1851     | PG # 26770 |
+      +------------------------------------------------+------------+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Notes and Queries, Vol. IV, Number
+102, October 11, 1851, by Various
+
+*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES AND QUERIES, OCTOBER 11, 1851 ***
+
+***** This file should be named 38773-0.txt or 38773-0.zip *****
+This and all associated files of various formats will be found in:
+        https://www.gutenberg.org/3/8/7/7/38773/
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