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You may copy it, give it away or re-use + it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License <a href= + "#pglicense" class="tei tei-ref">included with this eBook</a> or + online at <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/license" class= + "tei tei-xref">http://www.gutenberg.org/license</a></p> + </div> + <pre class="pre tei tei-div" style= + "margin-bottom: 3.00em; margin-top: 3.00em"> +Title: The Irish Ecclesiastical Record, Volume 1, November 1864 + + + +Release Date: February 2, 2012 [Ebook #38751] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: UTF-8 + + +***START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE IRISH ECCLESIASTICAL RECORD, VOLUME 1, NOVEMBER 1864*** +</pre> + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-div" style= + "margin-bottom: 5.00em; margin-top: 5.00em"></div> + <hr class="page" /> + + <div class="tei tei-div" style= + "margin-bottom: 5.00em; margin-top: 5.00em"> + <p class="tei tei-p" style= + "text-align: center; margin-bottom: 1.73em"><span style= + "font-size: 173%">The Irish Ecclesiastical Record</span></p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style= + "text-align: center; margin-bottom: 1.20em"><span style= + "font-size: 120%">Volume 1.</span></p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style= + "text-align: center; margin-bottom: 1.20em"><span style= + "font-size: 120%">November, 1864</span></p> + </div> + <hr class="page" /> + + <div class="tei tei-div" style= + "margin-bottom: 5.00em; margin-top: 5.00em"> + <h1 class="tei tei-head" style= + "text-align: left; margin-bottom: 3.46em; margin-top: 3.46em"> + <span style="font-size: 173%">Contents</span></h1> + + <ul class="tei tei-index tei-index-toc"> + <li><a href="#toc1">The Holy See And The Liberty Of The Irish + Church At The Beginning Of The Present Century.</a></li> + + <li style="margin-left: 2em"><a href="#toc3">I. From Mgr. + Brancadoro to Father Concanen, O.P., Agent at Rome for the Irish + Bishops. Dalla Propaganda. 7 Agosto, 1801.</a></li> + + <li style="margin-left: 2em"><a href="#toc5">II. From the same to + the same. Dalla Propaganda, 25 Settembre, 1805.</a></li> + + <li><a href="#toc7">A Recent Protestant View Of The Church Of The + Middle Ages.</a></li> + + <li><a href="#toc9">The Mss. Remains Of Professor O'Curry In The + Catholic University. No. II.</a></li> + + <li><a href="#toc11">The Destiny Of The Irish Race.</a></li> + + <li><a href="#toc13">Liturgical Questions. (<span style= + "font-style: italic">From M. Bouix's</span> <span style= + "font-style: italic">“</span><span style="font-style: italic">Revue + des Sciences Ecclesiastiques</span><span style= + "font-style: italic">”</span>).</a></li> + + <li><a href="#toc15">Documents.</a></li> + + <li style="margin-left: 2em"><a href="#toc17">I. Condemnation Of + Dr. Froschammer's Works.</a></li> + + <li style="margin-left: 2em"><a href="#toc19">II. Decree Of The + Congregation Of Rites.</a></li> + + <li><a href="#toc21">Notices Of Books.</a></li> + + <li><a href="#toc23">Footnotes</a></li> + </ul> + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-body" style= + "margin-bottom: 6.00em; margin-top: 6.00em"> + <span class="tei tei-pb" id="page049">[pg 049]</span><a name="Pg049" + id="Pg049" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + <hr class="page" /> + + <div class="tei tei-div" style= + "margin-bottom: 5.00em; margin-top: 5.00em"> + <a name="toc1" id="toc1"></a> <a name="pdf2" id="pdf2"></a> + + <h1 class="tei tei-head" style= + "text-align: left; margin-bottom: 3.46em; margin-top: 3.46em"> + <span style="font-size: 173%">The Holy See And The Liberty Of The + Irish Church At The Beginning Of The Present Century.</span></h1> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">All students of + Irish Catholic affairs must feel, at every moment, that we are at a + great loss for a collection of ecclesiastical documents connected + with our Church. The past misfortunes of Ireland explain the origin + of this want. During the persecutions of Elizabeth, of James the + First, and Cromwell, our ancient manuscripts, and the archives of our + convents and monasteries, were ruthlessly destroyed. At a later + period, whilst the penal laws were in full operation, it was + dangerous to preserve official ecclesiastical papers, lest they + should be construed by the bigotry and ignorance of our enemies into + proofs of sedition or treason. Since liberty began to dawn on our + country, things have undergone a beneficial change, and recently + great efforts have been made to rescue and preserve from destruction + every remaining fragment of our ancient history, and every document + calculated to throw light on the annals of our Church. We are anxious + to coöperate in this good work, and we shall feel deeply grateful to + our friends if they forward to us any official ecclesiastical papers, + either ancient or modern, that it may be desirable to preserve. + Receiving such papers casually, we cannot insert them in the + <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-variant: small-caps">Record</span></span> in chronological + order, but by aid of an Index, to be published at the end of each + volume, the future historian will be able to avail himself of them + for his purposes.</p><span class="tei tei-pb" id="page050">[pg + 050]</span><a name="Pg050" id="Pg050" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">To-day we insert + in our columns two letters never published before, as far as we can + learn, in their original language. They were addressed, in the + beginning of this century, by the learned Archbishop of Myra, + Monsignore Brancadoro, Secretary of the Propaganda, to a + distinguished Dominican, Father Concanen, then agent of the Irish + bishops, who was afterwards promoted to the See of New York, and who + died at Naples, in the year 1808, before he could take possession of + his diocese.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">The first letter, + dated the 7th August, 1801, refers to certain resolutions adopted by + ten Irish prelates, in January, 1799, at a sad period of our history, + when Ireland was in a state of utter prostration, and abandoned to + the fury of an Orange faction. In such circumstances, we are not to + be surprised that the Catholics of Cork, Waterford, Wexford, and many + other parts of Ireland, in the hope of preserving their lives and + property, should have petitioned to be united to England; or that + Catholic prelates, anxious to gain protection for their flocks, + should have endeavoured to propitiate those who had the power of the + government in their hands, by taking into consideration the proposals + then made—that the state should provide for the maintenance of the + clergy, and that a right should be given to the state to inquire into + the loyalty of such ecclesiastics as might be proposed for the + various sees of Ireland.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">The celebrated Dr. + Milner, treating of the resolutions just referred to, observes in his + <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-style: italic">Supplementary Memoirs</span></span>, p. 115, + that they had nothing in common with the veto which was afterwards + proposed by government in 1805, and several times in succeeding + years, and adds, that the prelates <span class= + "tei tei-q">“stipulated for their own just influence, and also for + the consent of the Pope in this important business.”</span></p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">According to the + wise determination of the prelates, the matters they had agreed to + were referred to the judgment of the Supreme Head of the Church. A + speedy answer, however, could not be obtained. At that time the great + Pontiff, Pius the Sixth, was a captive in the hands of the French + Republicans, and soon after died a martyr at Valence in France. The + Holy See was then vacant for several months, until, by the visible + interposition of Providence, Italy was freed from her invaders, and + the cardinals were enabled to assemble in conclave to elect a new + Pope. Soon after his promotion, Pius the Seventh occupied himself + with the affairs of our Church, and the secretary of the Propaganda + received instructions to communicate through Father Concanen to the + Irish Prelates the wishes of his Holiness.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">The substance of + the official note of Monsignore Brancadoro is, 1. That his Holiness + is thankful to the British government for the relaxation of the penal + laws to which Catholics had been so <span class="tei tei-pb" id= + "page051">[pg 051]</span><a name="Pg051" id="Pg051" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> long subjected, and for any other acts of + liberality or kindness conferred on them. 2. That the Irish prelates, + whilst manifesting their gratitude for the favours they had received, + should prove, by their conduct, that it was not through a feeling of + self-interest, or through hopes of temporal advantages, that they + inculcated on their flocks the necessity of obedience to the laws and + the conscientious fulfilment of the duties of good citizens; but that + they did so through a spirit of religion, and in conformity with the + dictates of the gospel. 3. That to prove how sincerely they were + animated with those feelings, the Irish prelates should refuse the + proffered pension, and continue to act and support themselves as they + have done for the past, thus giving an example of Christian + perfection which would not fail to give general edification.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">The second letter + is also from the secretary of Propaganda to Father Concanen, and is + dated 25th of Sept., 1805, in which year Dr. Milner had just brought + under the notice of the Holy See some new projects of government + interference with the Catholic clergy, which had lately been + introduced into Parliament by Sir John Hippisley, at that time a + supporter of Emancipation, but who afterwards gave proofs of a great + desire to enslave the Catholic Church.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">In the second + letter Monsignore Brancadoro states the apprehension felt by the S. + Congregation, lest the moment of the Catholic triumph should prove + the one most dangerous to the purity and stability of the Catholic + religion since the Reformation; that it would be no injustice to + suspect the British Government of being influenced by designs to that + very effect; that the Bishops should, therefore, as a general + principle, renounce all idea of advancing their own proper interests, + or of securing any temporal advantages, lest through human frailty + they should inadvertently be surprised into any concessions which in + course of time might prove injurious to the interests of religion. + The Secretary then goes on to say that the S. Congregation found + serious difficulties, more or less, in all the plans which, as Dr. + Milner had reported, had been proposed by the statesmen of the day in + England. These plans were:—1. The pensioning of the clergy. 2. State + interference in the nomination of Bishops. 3. The restoration of the + Hierarchy in England. 4. The concession to the ministry of the right + to examine the communications which might pass between the English + and Irish Catholics and the Holy See.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">As to the plan of + pensioning the clergy, Monsignore Brancadoro points out the dangers + to which its adoption would expose them. If they accept a pension + from government, the offerings of the faithful will be undoubtedly + withdrawn, and the <span class="tei tei-pb" id="page052">[pg + 052]</span><a name="Pg052" id="Pg052" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + priesthood will be left quite dependent on the caprice of those in + power. He recalls to Father Concanen's memory, that in his previous + letter of the 7th of August, 1801, he had announced to him the Pope's + wish that the Irish clergy should decline all pensions from the + government, and mentions that the Irish Bishops, in reply, had stated + that they willingly renounced all temporal advantages in order to + preserve religion uninjured.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">The secretary of + the Propaganda next reminds his correspondent that Pius VI., in a + brief of 20th March, 1791, had condemned a decree of the National + Assembly of France, by which the clergy of that country were made + pensioners of the state; and he adds that the Holy See had resisted a + similar attempt of the English government in regard to the clergy of + Corsica, when that island had fallen into their hands.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">Examining the + various vetoistical plans mentioned by Dr. Milner, Monsignore + Brancadoro quotes the authority of the great and learned Pontiff, + Benedict XIV., to show how decidedly opposed the Holy See has always + been to every project directed to vest Catholic ecclesiastical + appointments in the hands of a Protestant sovereign. This question is + discussed in a brief of that Pope addressed to the Bishop of Breslau + on the 15th of May, 1748, and his words are as follows: <span class= + "tei tei-q">“There is not recorded in the whole history of the Church + a single example in which the appointment of a bishop or abbot was + conceded to a sovereign of a different religion”</span>. He adds + <span class="tei tei-q">“that he would not, and could not, introduce + a practice calculated to scandalize the Catholic world, and which, + besides bringing on him a dreadful judgment in another world, would + render his name odious and accursed during life, and much more so + after death”</span>.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">2. The learned + writer then proceeds to examine the various plans of granting to + government certain powers in regard to the nomination of bishops, and + explodes them all as replete with danger to religion, and well + calculated to enslave the Church.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">The plans proposed + to lessen the Pope's unwillingness to grant to the sovereign the + right of nomination were the following:—Some thought that the + nomination should be limited to a certain class of persons who should + have been approved of by the episcopal body after an examination and + trial. Such a body might be the vicars-general, of whom two should be + appointed for each diocese. The government was to be bound to choose + the bishops out of this body. This plan was rejected, first, because + it would really amount to vesting the nomination of bishops in a + non-Catholic sovereign; and secondly, on account of difficulties + created by the circumstances of the time and place.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">Others proposed to + give the government the right of excluding from the episcopal charge + those obnoxious to itself. Monsignore <span class="tei tei-pb" id= + "page053">[pg 053]</span><a name="Pg053" id="Pg053" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> Brancadoro says of this plan, that unless this + right of exclusion were restricted by limits, it would be equivalent + to a real power of nomination. But even so, even after due + limitation, it was an absolute novelty in the Church, and no one + could tell what its consequences might be. Besides, it was uncalled + for, since the experience of so many centuries ought to have + convinced the government that the ecclesiastics appointed to govern + dioceses were always excellent citizens. Besides, it was the custom + of the Holy See not to appoint to a vacant diocese until it had + received the recommendation of the metropolitans and the diocesan + clergy. This was a safeguard against improper appointments.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">3. With respect to + the restoration of the Hierarchy in England, Monsignore Brancadoro + blames the motive which induced the English nobles to petition for + such a change of church government, namely, the desire they felt to + have bishops less bound to the Holy See. He declares that, although + differing <span lang="la" class="tei tei-foreign" xml:lang= + "la"><span style="font-style: italic">quoad jus</span></span>, + bishops and vicars-apostolic did not differ in reality, and that the + Holy See was equally well satisfied with the bishops of Ireland, and + the vicars-apostolic of England and Scotland.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">4. The Secretary + condemns, as worst of all, the plan of giving to the ministers the + right to examine the communications that pass between the Holy See + and the British and Irish Catholics. Such a right has never been + allowed, even to a Catholic power, much less should it be allowed to + a Protestant government. The case of France was not to the point, for + there the right was limited to provisions of benefices alone. The + government has no reason to be afraid: the Holy See has expressly + declared to bishops and vicars-apostolic, that it does not desire any + political information from them.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">The two official + notes we insert will be read in their original language with great + interest. They are noble monuments of the zeal of the holy Pontiff, + Pius VII., and of the vigilance with which the Holy See has always + endeavoured to uphold the rights and independence of our ancient + Church. Undoubtedly the wise instructions given in those letters had + no small share in arousing that spirit with which a few years later + our clergy and people resisted and defeated all the efforts of + British statesmen to deprive our Church of her liberties, and to + reduce her to the degraded condition of the Protestant establishment. + The notes of the secretary of Propaganda are a fine specimen of + ecclesiastical writing, illustrating the maxim <span lang="la" class= + "tei tei-foreign" xml:lang="la"><span style= + "font-style: italic">fortiter in re, suaviter in + modo</span></span>.</p><span class="tei tei-pb" id="page054">[pg + 054]</span><a name="Pg054" id="Pg054" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-div" style= + "margin-bottom: 4.00em; margin-top: 4.00em"> + <a name="toc3" id="toc3"></a> <a name="pdf4" id="pdf4"></a> + + <h2 class="tei tei-head" style= + "text-align: left; margin-bottom: 2.88em; margin-top: 2.88em"> + <span style="font-size: 144%">I. From Mgr. Brancadoro to Father + Concanen, O.P., Agent at Rome for the Irish Bishops. Dalla + Propaganda. 7 Agosto, 1801.</span></h2> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">Informata la + Santità di Nostro Signore del nuovo piano ideato de Governo + Brittannico in supposto vantaggio della ecclesiastica Gerarchia dei + cattolici d'Irlanda, non ha punto esitato a manifestare la più viva + reconoscenza verso la spontanea e generosa liberalità del prelodato + Governo, cui professerà sempre la massima gratitudine, per + l'assistenze, e favori, che accorda ai mentovati cattolici de' suoi + dominj. Tenendo poi la Santità Sua per indubitato, che la + sperimentata fedeltà di quel Clero Cattolico Romano al legittimo + suo Sovrano derivi interamente dalle massime di nostra S. + Religione, le quali non possono mai esser soggette a verun + cambiamento, desidera il suddetto Governo resti assicurato, che i + Metropolitani, i Vescovi e il Clero tutto della Irlanda conoscerà + sempre un tal suo stretto dovere, e lo adempirà esattamente in + qualunque incontro. Brama però ad un tempo vivissimamente il S. + Padre, che l'anzidetto Clero seguitando il plausibile sistema da + lui osservato finora si astenga scrupolosamente dall' avere in mira + qualunque suo proprio temporale vantaggio, e che dimostrando sempre + con parole, e con fatti la sincera invariabilità del suo + attacamento, riconoscenza, e sommissione al Governo Brittanico, gli + faccia vieppiù conoscere la realtà di sua gratitudine alle offerte + nuove beneficenze, dispensandosi dal profittarne, e dando con ciò + una luminosa prova di quel costantè disinteresse stimato tanto + conforme all' Apostolico zelo dei ministri del Santuario, e tanto + giovevole, e decoroso alla stessa cattolico Religione, come quello + che concilia in singular modo la stima, e il respetto verso dei + sagri ministeri, e che li rende più venerabili, e più cari ai + fedeli commessi alla loro spirituale direzione.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">Tali sono i + precisi sentimenti che la Santità di Nostro Signore ha ordinate al + Segretario di Propaganda di communicare alla Paternità Vostra + affinchè per di Lei mezzo giungano senza ritardo a notizie degli + ottimi Metropolitani, e Vescovi del regno d'Irlanda, nel quale + spera fermamente Sua Santità, che come ad onta dei più gravi + pericoli si è già mantenuta in passato, cosi manterassi pur anco in + avvenire affatto illesa da ogni benchè menoma macchia la nostra + cattolica Religione.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">Lo scrivente + pertanto nell' eseguire i Pontificj comandi si rassegna nel suo + particolare colla più distinta stima ec.</p> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-div" style= + "margin-bottom: 4.00em; margin-top: 4.00em"> + <a name="toc5" id="toc5"></a> <a name="pdf6" id="pdf6"></a> + + <h2 class="tei tei-head" style= + "text-align: left; margin-bottom: 2.88em; margin-top: 2.88em"> + <span style="font-size: 144%">II. From the same to the same. Dalla + Propaganda, 25 Settembre, 1805.</span></h2> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"><span class= + "tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Reverendissimo + P. Maestro Concanen</span></span>,</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">La lettera del + degnissimo Monsig. Milner, Vicario Apostolico del distretto medio + d'Inghilterra, diretta a V. P., la cui traduzione ella, per ordine + del Prefetto stesso, ha communicata all Arcivescovo di <span class= + "tei tei-pb" id="page055">[pg 055]</span><a name="Pg055" id="Pg055" + class="tei tei-anchor"></a> Mira, Segretario di Propaganda, ha + fatto entrare la Sacra Congregazione nello stesso timore, che + manifesta l' ottimo Prelato, che il momento della fortuna dei + cattolici nel Parlamento sia il più pericoloso alla purità, e + stabilità della nostra santa Religione, che sia mai avvenuto dopo + la pretesa riforma di quel regno, e non si farebbe ingiuria al + Governo acattolico, se si sospettassero appunto queste mire: E + perciò dovranno i Vicarj Apostolici, ed i Vescovi di quel dominio + abbandonare ogni mira di proprio vantaggio, ed interesse temporale, + da cui, indebolito il loro cuore potrebbe facilmente, senza + avvedersene, essere sorpreso a condiscendere in qualche cosa, che + recherà, col tempo, del pregiudizio alla Religione.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">Questo spirito + di disinteresse si scorge già luminosamente in Monsig. Milner dal + tenore della sua lettera: e perciò chiede egli saviamento della S. + C. delle istruzioni, colle quali regolarsi nella trattativa, in cui + si trova impegnato. Ma la S. C. trova delle difficoltà gravi, più o + meno, in tutti i progetti, ch' egli narra, fatti da quei + politici.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">Ed in primo + luogo, riguardo al progetto di assegnarsi stabili pensioni sul + pubblico erario ai Vescovi, ed al Clero di quel dominio, la Santità + di N. S. espresse già i suoi sentimenti, per mezzo di un biglietto + dell' Arcivescovo, che scrive, diretto a V. P, in data dei 7 Agosto + 1801, il quale essendo stato da lei comunicato ai metropolitani, e + vescovi d'Irlanda, essi risposero, che rinunziavano volentieri a + qualunque vantaggio temporale, per conservare illibata la cattolica + Religione. Sarà dunque opportuno di spedire a Mons. Milner la copia + di quel Biglietto, che si dà qui annessa.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">E per verità, + accettandosi dal clero le pensioni, cesseranno immantinente molti + fondi di sussistenza, che ora ritrae dalla pietà de fedeli; + resteranno le pensioni per quasi unico mezzo di sostentamento. Ora + chi non vede a quali gravissime tentazioni non si esporrebbero gli + ecclesiastici, di condiscendere, in qualche cosa pregiudiziale alla + s. Religione, alla volontà di un Governo di religione diversa, che + può in un punto ridurlo allu mendicità col ritenere le pensioni? + Per questa, ed altre ragioni, essendosi adottata la massima di dare + le pensioni al clero dell' Assemblea Nazionale di Francia nella + Costituzione civile del clero, la Sa. Me. di Pio VI. la riprovò nel + suo breve dei 20 marzo 1791. pag. 61, e seg. Ed avendo la stessa + corte di Londra, quando entrò in possesso della Corsica, fatto il + medesimo progetto, vi si oppose la S. Sede, e quella Real corte + desistè dall' impegno.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">Riguardo all' + influenza, che si vorrebbe, del potere civile nella nomina de' + vescovi, cosi varj progetti, che si sono fatti, per regolare una + tale influenza, è in primo luogo da avvertirsi, che la nomina + assolutamente non potrà accordarsi al Sovrano, come acattolico. Al + qual proposito basterà riportare i sentimenti di Benedetto XIV. + Questo gran Pontefice in una sua lettera scritta al vescovo di + Breslavia li 15 maggio 1748, si espresse ne' seguenti termini.—"Non + ritrovasi in tutta la storia Ecclesiastica verun indulto conceduto + da Romani Pontefici ai Sovrani di altra comunione, il nominare a + Vescovadi, ed Abbadie—soggiungendo, che non voleva, ne poteva + introdurre un <span class="tei tei-pb" id="page056">[pg + 056]</span><a name="Pg056" id="Pg056" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + esempio, che scandalizzarebbe tutto il mondo cattolico, e che, + oltre la gravissima pena, la quale Iddio gli farebbe scontare nell' + altro mondo, renderebbe il suo nome esoso, e maledetto in tutto il + tempo di sua vita, e molto più in quello che avrebbe a decorrere + dopo la di lui morte. La stessa difficoltà sussisterebbe + ugualmente, ancorchè il diritto di nomina fosse limitato tra una + classe di persone, esaminata prima, e previamente sperimentata, ed + approvata dal corpo dei Vescovi, come quello de' Gran-Vicarj, da + stabilirsene due in ogni Diocesi, e Distretto. Ma oltre a questo, + il progetto de' Gran-Vicarj involve gravissime difficoltà per le + circostanze locali. Perciocchè, lasciando anche stare il pericolo + dell' ambizione degli ecclesiastici presso de' Vescovi, e Vicarj + Apostolici per essere dichiarati Gran-Vicarj, quando che ora, + scegliendosi i soggetti da promuoversi dal ceto degli operaj, s' + impegnano anche gli ambiziosi a faticare a prò delle anime: é + chiaro ancoro, che in tanta penuria di ecclesiastici, ch' è in + tutto cotesto dominio, se si tolgono due Gran-Vicarj per ogni + Vicario Apostolico, o Vescovo, mancheranno affatto gli + ecclesiastici per la cura delle anime.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">Il semplice + diritto di esclusiva involverebbe minori inconvenienti intrinseci, + purchè fosse limitato; giacchè altrimenti, a forza di escludere si + otterrebbe per indiretto una vera nomina. Ma questo diritto è + affatto nuovo; e l' introdurlo per la prima volta, non si sa a + quali conseguenze potrebbe condurre. Ma siccome tutti questi + progetti si fanno per assicurare il Governo, che non sia promossa + persona, che non gli sia invisa, dovrebbe bastare l' esperienza di + tanti secoli, ad assicurare il Governo, stesso della somma premura, + che ha sempre avuta la S. Sede, che i soggetti da lei promossi, non + solo non siano invisi, ma siano anche graditi del Governo stesso. + Eo V. P. puó di fatto proprio attestare della somma industria, + attività, e segretezza usatasi, qualche tempo fa, della S. Sede, + per escludere persona, che sospettava potere riuscire men gradita + al Governo, benchè ape poggiata da forti raccomandazioni, ed + includesse altra persona, cha sicuramente fosse di sua + soddisfazione. Oltre di che essendo solitquesta S. C. di attendere + per gli promovendi gli attestati, e le postulazioni, o le + informazioni de' Metropolitani, o degli altri Vicarj Apostolici, ed + anche del clero della rispettiva Diocesi, prima di proporre al S. + P. i soggetti, da questi certamente sapra quali siano quelle + persone, che possano essere poco accette al Governo, per escluderle + sicuramente.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">Quanto al + desiderio de' Magnati, di avere vescovi, in vece di Vicarj + Apostolici, in se stesso considerato è santissimo, ed analogo alla + costituzione della Chiessa Cattolica; e se n' è trattato altre + volte in Inghilterra. Dispiace solamente il fine, per cui si fa un + tal progetto, cioè per avere Prelati meno aderenti alla S. Sede. Ma + la S. Sede nulla avrebba a temere da siffata innovazione, sull' + esempio de' vescovi d' Irlanda de quali è ugualmente contenta che + de' Vicarj Apostolici d' Inghilterra, e di Scozia. Senza che, la + constante esperienza dimostra, che quantunque in diritto sia + diversa la condizione de' Vicarj Apostolici de quella de' Vescovi; + pure in fatti non porta <span class="tei tei-pb" id="page057">[pg + 057]</span><a name="Pg057" id="Pg057" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + effetti diversi. Solo devrebbe rifflettersi alle circostanze de' + tempi, ed agl' incovenienti che potrebbero esercitare il cosi detto + Club Cisalpino, per evitarsi al possibile ogni innovazione.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">Più di tutti + sarebbe fatale quel progretto, che per altro Monsig. Milner dice + essere di alcuni pochi, che ogni communicazione de' cattolici colla + S. Sede debba soggiacere all' esame de' ministri di S. M. Questo + diritto non si è mai riconosciuto dalla S. Sede in alcun principe + cattolico: e l' esempio che si cita, della Francia, era dai + concordati limitato alle sole ecclesiastiche proviste. Ma quanto + sarebbe più pericoloso in un Governo acattolico, con cui non è + possibile di convenire nelle massime religiose. Si spera per altro, + che quei pochi, che propongono, un tal progretto, non troveranno + seguito: e che quel Governo, che si vanta di lasciare una piena + libertà ai suoi sudditi, non vorra imporre loro una catena negli + effari più delicati, che riguardano la coscienza, per gli quali + soltanto i cattolici, communicano colla S. Sede: giacchè la S. C. + nel questionario stampato, che manda a quei Vescovi, e Vicarj + Apostolici per norma della relazione delle loro chiese, nel primo + articolo si protesta espressamente che non vuole di loro alcuna + nuova politica.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">Molto consolante + è poi, riuscito alla S. Congr. la nuova, che sia riuscito, allo + stesso Monsig. Milner di ottenere un' assai piú grande libertà per + gli soldati cattolici nell' esercizio della S. Religione; e che + abbia ben dispositi gli animi, per fare riconoscere validi nella + legge civile i matrimonj contratti avanti un sacerdote cattolico. + V. Paternità gliene faccia i più vivi ringraziamenti, per parte di + questa S. C.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">In fine l' + Arcivescovo, che scrive, con piena stima se le rassegna.</p> + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-div" style= + "margin-bottom: 5.00em; margin-top: 5.00em"> + <a name="toc7" id="toc7"></a> <a name="pdf8" id="pdf8"></a> + + <h1 class="tei tei-head" style= + "text-align: left; margin-bottom: 3.46em; margin-top: 3.46em"> + <span style="font-size: 173%">A Recent Protestant View Of The Church + Of The Middle Ages.</span></h1> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">The history of the + Church in the middle ages has ever forced upon Protestant minds a + difficulty which they have met by many various methods of solution. + The middle age exhibits so much of precious side by side with so much + of base, so much of the beauty of holiness in the midst of + ungodliness, so much of what all Christians admit as truth with what + Protestants call fatal error, that the character of the whole cannot + readily be taken in at first sight from the Protestant point of view. + Some there are who dwell so long on the shadows that they close their + eyes to the light, and these declare the medieval Church to have been + a scene of unmitigated evil. To their minds the whole theology of the + period is useless, or worse than useless, harmful. They connect the + middle ages with wickedness as thoroughly as the Manicheans connected + matter with the evil principle.</p><span class="tei tei-pb" id= + "page058">[pg 058]</span><a name="Pg058" id="Pg058" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">Others there are + who honestly admit that these ages, especially their earlier part, + are not Protestant, but at the same time contend that neither are + they favourable to Roman doctrine. These believe that facts + abundantly prove that in the bosom of the Church which was then, the + two Churches were to be found, which afterwards disengaged themselves + from one another at the Reformation. This is the philosophy of + medieval history which, as we learn from the preface to his + collection of <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-style: italic">Sacred Latin Poetry</span></span>,<a id= + "noteref_1" name="noteref_1" href="#note_1"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">1</span></span></a> has + recommended itself to Dr. Trench, the present Protestant Archbishop + of Dublin. <span class="tei tei-q">“In Romanism we have the residuum + of the middle-age Church and theology, the lees, after all, or well + nigh all the wine was drained away. But in the medieval Church we + have the wine and lees together—the truth and the error, the false + observance and yet at the same time the divine truth which should one + day be fatal to it—side by side.”</span> For such thinkers the sum of + all the history of that period amounts to this: a long struggle + between two Churches—one a Church of truth, the other a Church of + error—a struggle which, however, ended happily in the triumph of the + Church of truth by the Reformation, in which the truth was purified + from its contact with error.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">It is not without + its advantages to know what views the occupant of an Irish see so + distinguished, is led to take, of the Church to which seventy-seven + out of every hundred Irishmen belong, with all the convictions of + their intellects, and all the love of their hearts. It seems to us + that his theory is not likely to satisfy any party; it goes too far + to please some, and stops short too soon to be agreeable to others. + But what strikes us most of all in it is the fatal inconsistency of + its parts. Of this the very book to which it serves as preface is + proof enough. Dr. Trench's position is this. He tells his Protestant + readers that whereas in the medieval Church there was a good church, + and an evil, all the good has found its resting place in + Protestantism, all the evil in tyrannical Rome. Whatever of good, of + holy, of pure, has ever been said or done within the Church, + Protestants are the rightful inheritors of it all. From the treasury + of the Church before the Reformation he proposes to draw, and to + collect in this work what his readers may live on and love, and what + he is confident will prove wholesome nourishment for their souls. He + would set before them the feelings of the Church during these + thousand years of her existence, and would summon from afar, from + remote ages, <span class="tei tei-q">“voices in which they may utter + and embody the deepest things of their hearts”</span>. Such, he + assures them, are the voices of the writers whose poems have found a + place in his <span class="tei tei-pb" id="page059">[pg + 059]</span><a name="Pg059" id="Pg059" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + book. Now, if we are to understand that the two ante-Reformation + Churches stood out quite distinctly, one from the other, in open + antagonism, like Jerusalem and Babylon, each having its own position + more or less clearly defined, we should naturally expect to find in + Dr. Trench's book the thoughts and words only of the Reformers before + the Reformation, of the men, that is, who never bent the knee to + Baal, but ever cherished in their hearts the true doctrine of + salvation. If his own theory be worth anything, he must have recourse + for his present purposes, to that one of the two Churches which alone + has been perpetuated, victorious after conflict, in Protestantism. + Where else shall he find sympathies that answer to those of + Protestants? But he does not do so. For in the beginning of his + preface he tells us that he has not admitted each and all of the + works of the authors whose productions he inserts. He tells us that + he has carefully excluded from his collection <span class= + "tei tei-q">“all hymns which in any way imply the Romish doctrine of + transubstantiation”</span>, or, <span class="tei tei-q">“which + involve any creature-worship, or speak of the Mother of our Lord in + any other language than that which Scripture has sanctioned, and our + Church adopted”</span>, or which <span class="tei tei-q">“ask of the + suffrages of the Saints”</span>? These certainly are not the + doctrines which have been perpetuated in Protestantism.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">His own practice, + therefore, is inconsistent with his theory, if that theory means to + assert the existence of two Churches in the middle age, distinctly + antagonistic, one to the other.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">The only escape + from this tangle is to reply, that Dr. Trench, although he may find + two Churches in the bosom of the middle-age Church, does not, + however, place between them a separation so sharp as to suppose the + Church of good absolutely without evil, nor the Church of evil + altogether destitute of good. In each there is good and some mixture + of evil: error relieved by a vein of truth. His favourite authors, by + whose labours he wishes to make his readers profit, are, in this last + hypothesis, men who are subject to the influence of both Churches; + men who belong partly to each in turn, whose doctrines are a pitiable + admixture of truth with falsehood—who, in one word, are visited both + by <span class="tei tei-q">“airs from Heaven and blasts from + Hell”</span>. At times they say what all, even Protestants, may + treasure up in their hearts, to live on and love; at times, again, + they are made to utter what all should reject and condemn, as so many + snares for unwary feet. We shall say nothing of the difficulty the + mind feels in accepting such a description of the position of these + writers, nor of the task we have to persuade ourselves that those who + teach belief in deadly heresies to be essential to salvation, can be, + at the same time, the chosen tabernacles wherein the pure spirit of + real piety can ever take up its abode. Such was not <span class= + "tei tei-pb" id="page060">[pg 060]</span><a name="Pg060" id="Pg060" + class="tei tei-anchor"></a> the feeling of the ancient Church. We + ask, instead, who are the men upon whose writings Dr. Trench would + sit in judgment, <span class="tei tei-q">“to sunder between the holy + and profane”</span>, to distinguish between the errors and the truth, + to decide what we are <span class="tei tei-q">“to take warning from + and to shun, what to live upon and love”</span>. With the exception + of the two, Alard and Buttmann, all are men highly honoured by the + whole Catholic world, and all, without exception, are praised for + their excelling virtues by Dr. Trench himself. Among the twenty-three + names we read with reverence those of Saint Ambrose, Saint + Bonaventure, Venerable Bede, Saint Bernard, Saint Peter Damian, + Thomas a-Kempis, Peter the Venerable, Jacopone, and others of great + reputation for sanctity and learning. These are the men whose + writings Dr. Trench is to parcel out into two portions; this to be + venerated as sacred, that to be condemned as profane. It needs great + faith in the censor, to accept readily his decision in such a case. + What test does he undertake to apply? what criterion is to influence + his choice? Why does he cast away the poems which celebrate St. Peter + as Prince of the Apostles, and approve of those that extol St. Paul? + Why should he style Adam of St. Victor's hymn on the Blessed Virgin + an exaggeration, and quote as edifying his <span class= + "tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Laus S. + Scripturae</span></span>? Why are St. Bonaventure's pieces in honour + of Mary visited with censure, and his lines <span class= + "tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">In Passione + Domini</span></span> made the theme of praise? Dr. Trench gives us + his reasons very plainly. <span class="tei tei-q">“If our position + mean anything”</span>, says he (page x.), <span class="tei tei-q">“we + are bound to believe that to us, having the Word and the Spirit, the + power has been given to distinguish things which differ.... It is our + duty to believe that to us, that to each generation which humbly and + earnestly seeks, will be given that enlightening spirit, by whose aid + it shall be enabled to read aright the past realizations of God's + divine idea in the wise and historic Church of successive ages, and + to distinguish the human imperfections, blemishes, and errors, from + the divine truth which they obscured and overlaid, but which they + could not destroy, being, one day, rather to be destroyed by + it”</span>. That is to say, we, as Protestants, in virtue of our + position as such, are able by the light of the Holy Spirit to discern + true from false doctrine, the fruits of the good Church from the + fruits of the evil Church. This enlightening Spirit will be given to + each generation which humbly and earnestly seeks it. But, we ask, + what are we to believe concerning the working of the same + enlightening Spirit in the hearts of the holy men whose exquisitely + devotional writings Dr. Trench sets before us? Were they men of + humility and earnestness? If they were not, Dr. Trench's book appears + under false colours, and is not a book of edification. And if they + were, as they certainly were, who is Dr. Trench <span class= + "tei tei-pb" id="page061">[pg 061]</span><a name="Pg061" id="Pg061" + class="tei tei-anchor"></a> that he should take it on himself to + condemn those who enjoyed the very same light which he claims for + himself? And why should we not then rather believe that as these holy + men had, on his own showing, the spirit of God, Dr. Trench, in + condemning their doctrine does in truth condemn what is the doctrine + of the Church of the Holy Spirit.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">The theory is + therefore as inconsistent as on historical grounds it is false. Such + as it is, however, the conclusions we may draw from it are of great + importance.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">1. Dr. Trench + declares that, both by omitting and by thinning, he has carefully + removed from his selection, all doctrine implying transubstantiation, + the cultus of the Blessed Virgin, the invocation of saints, and the + veneration of the cross. Now, as the great bulk of the poems he + publishes belong to the middle ages, strictly so called, it follows, + on Dr. Trench's authority, that these doctrines of the Roman Catholic + Church were held long before the Reformation, and that the Church was + already in possession when Luther came.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">2. Since he tells + us (page vi) that he has counted inadmissible poems which breathe a + spirit foreign to that tone of piety which the English Church desires + to cherish in her children, it follows that the spirit of piety in + the Church of old is not the same as that in the present Church of + England. Now in such cases the presumption is against novelty.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">3. Dr. Trench + (page vii) reminds his readers that it is unfair to try the + theological language of the middle ages by the greater strictness and + accuracy rendered necessary by the struggle, of the Reformation. A + man who holds a doctrine <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style= + "font-style: italic">implicitly</span></em> and in a confused manner, + is likely to use words which he would correct if the doctrine were + put before him in accurate form. This is a sound principle, and one + constantly employed by Catholic theologians, when they have to deal + with an objection urged by Protestants from some obscure or equivocal + passage of a Father. It is satisfactory to be able for the future to + claim for its use the high authority of Dr. Trench.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">4. A special + assistance of the Holy Spirit is claimed for all those who humbly and + earnestly invoke him. This assistance is to enable those blessed with + it to distinguish between error and divine truth. Is this happy + privilege to be exercised either independently, without the direction + of the ministers of the Church, or is it one of the graces peculiar + to the pastoral office? In the former case, every fanatical sectary + may judge in matters of religion as securely as if he had the whole + world on his side. In the latter case, it would be interesting to + know how much does this privilege differ from the infallibility + claimed by the Catholic Church.</p><span class="tei tei-pb" id= + "page062">[pg 062]</span><a name="Pg062" id="Pg062" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">5. Finally, the + contradictions inherent to the whole theory are most clearly to be + seen in the following passage about the noble lines which Hildebert, + Archbishop of Tours, in the beginning of the twelfth century, places + on the lip of the city of Rome:</p> + + <div class="block tei tei-quote" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.80em; margin-left: 3.60em; margin-top: 1.80em; margin-right: 3.60em"> + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.90em"><span class= + "tei tei-q"><span style="font-size: 90%">“</span><span style= + "font-size: 90%">I have not inserted these lines</span><span style= + "font-size: 90%">”</span></span><span style="font-size: 90%">, says + Dr. Trench,</span> <span class="tei tei-q"><span style= + "font-size: 90%">“</span><span style="font-size: 90%">in the body of + this collection, lest I might seem to claim for them that entire + sympathy which I am very far from doing. Yet, believing as we may, + and, to give any meaning to a large period of Church history, we + must, that Papal Rome of the middle ages had a work of God to + accomplish for the taming of a violent and brutal world, in the midst + of which she often lifted up the only voice which was anywhere heard + in behalf of righteousness and truth—all of which we may believe, + with the fullest sense that her dominion was an unrighteous + usurpation, however overruled for good to Christendom, which could + then take no higher blessing—believing this, we may freely admire + these lines, so nobly telling of that true strength of spiritual + power, which may be perfected in the utmost weakness of all other + power. It is the city of Rome which speaks:</span></span></p> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 0.90em; margin-top: 0.90em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + <span style="font-size: 90%">Dum simulacra mihi, dum numina + vana placerent,</span> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 1.80em"> + <span style="font-size: 90%">Militiâ, populo, moenibus alts + fui:</span> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + <span style="font-size: 90%">At simul effigies, arasque + superstitiosas</span> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 1.80em"> + <span style="font-size: 90%">Dejiciens, uni sum famulata + Deo;</span> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + <span style="font-size: 90%">Cesserunt arces, cecidere palatia + divum,</span> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 1.80em"> + <span style="font-size: 90%">Servivit populis, degeneravit + eques.</span> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + <span style="font-size: 90%">Vix scio quae fuerim: vix Romae + Roma recordor;</span> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 1.80em"> + <span style="font-size: 90%">Vix sinit occasus vel meminisse + mei.</span> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + <span style="font-size: 90%">Gratior haec jactura mihi + successibus illis,</span> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 1.80em"> + <span style="font-size: 90%">Major sum pauper divite, stante + jacens.</span> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + <span style="font-size: 90%">Plus aquilis vexilla crucis, plus + Caesare Petrus,</span> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 1.80em"> + <span style="font-size: 90%">Plus cinctis ducibus vulgus inerme + dedit.</span> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + <span style="font-size: 90%">Stans domui terras; infernum + diruta pulso;</span> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 1.80em"> + <span style="font-size: 90%">Corpora stans, animas fracta + jacensque rego.</span> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + <span style="font-size: 90%">Tunc miserae plebi, nunc + principibus tenebrarum</span> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 1.80em"> + <span style="font-size: 90%">Impero; tunc urbes, nunc mea regna + polus.</span> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + <span style="font-size: 90%">Quod ne Caesaribus videar debere + vel armis,</span> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 1.80em"> + <span style="font-size: 90%">Et species rerum meque meosque + trahat,</span> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + <span style="font-size: 90%">Armorum vis illa perit, ruit alta + Senatûs</span> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 1.80em"> + <span style="font-size: 90%">Gloria, procumbunt templa, theatra + jacent.</span> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + <span style="font-size: 90%">Rostra vacant, edicta silent, sua + praemia desunt</span> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 1.80em"> + <span style="font-size: 90%">Emeritis, populo jura, colonus + agris.</span> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + <span style="font-size: 90%">Ista jacent, ne forte meus spem + ponat in illis</span> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 1.80em"> + <span style="font-size: 90%">Civis, et evacuet spemque bonumque + crucis.</span> + </div> + </div> + </div> + </div><span class="tei tei-pb" id="page063">[pg 063]</span><a name= + "Pg063" id="Pg063" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-div" style= + "margin-bottom: 5.00em; margin-top: 5.00em"> + <a name="toc9" id="toc9"></a> <a name="pdf10" id="pdf10"></a> + + <h1 class="tei tei-head" style= + "text-align: left; margin-bottom: 3.46em; margin-top: 3.46em"> + <span style="font-size: 173%">The Mss. Remains Of Professor O'Curry + In The Catholic University. No. II.</span></h1> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"><span class= + "tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Prayer of St. Aireran + the Wise, ob.</span></span>. 664.</p> + + <div class="block tei tei-quote" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.80em; margin-left: 3.60em; margin-top: 1.80em; margin-right: 3.60em"> + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.90em"><span style= + "font-size: 90%">[In the first number of the</span> <span class= + "tei tei-hi"><span style="font-size: 90%; font-variant: small-caps"> + Record</span></span> <span style="font-size: 90%">we published from + the manuscripts of the late Professor O'Curry the Prayer of St. + Colga of Clonmacnoise. We now publish another beautiful devotional + piece from the same collection.</span></p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.90em"><span style= + "font-size: 90%">Speaking of ancient Irish religious works now + remaining, O'Curry says (at page 378 of his great work):</span> + <span class="tei tei-q"><span style= + "font-size: 90%">“</span><span style="font-size: 90%">The fifth + class of these religious remains consists of the prayers, + invocations, and litanies, which have came down to + us</span><span style="font-size: 90%">”</span></span><span style= + "font-size: 90%">. The Prayer of St. Colga, published in our last + number, is placed by O'Curry in the second place among these + documents, which he sets down in chronological order.</span></p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.90em"><span class= + "tei tei-q"><span style="font-size: 90%">“</span><span style= + "font-size: 90%">The first piece of this class (adopting the + chronological order) is the prayer of St.</span> <span class= + "tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-size: 90%; font-style: italic">Aireran</span></span><span style="font-size: 90%">the + Wise (often called</span> <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-size: 90%; font-style: italic">Aileran</span></span><span style="font-size: 90%">,</span> + <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-size: 90%; font-style: italic">Eleran</span></span><span style="font-size: 90%">, + and</span> <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-size: 90%; font-style: italic">Airenan</span></span><span style="font-size: 90%">), + who was a classical professor in the great school of Clonard, and + died of the plague in the year 664. St. Aireran's prayer or litany + is addressed, respectively, to God the Father, to God the Son, and + to God the Holy Spirit, invoking them for mercy by various titles + indicative of their power, glory, and attributes. The prayer + consists of five invocations to the Father, eighteen invocations to + the Son, and five to the Holy Spirit; and commences in Latin + thus:</span> <span class="tei tei-q"><span style= + "font-size: 90%">‘</span><span style="font-size: 90%">O Deus Pater, + Omnipotens Deus, exerci misericordiam nobis</span><span style= + "font-size: 90%">’</span></span><span style="font-size: 90%">. This + is followed by the same Invocation in the Gaedhlic; and the + petitions to the end are continued in the same language. The + invocation of the Son begins thus:</span> <span class= + "tei tei-q"><span style="font-size: 90%">‘</span><span style= + "font-size: 90%">Have mercy on us, O Almighty God! O Jesus Christ! + O Son Of the living God! O Son, born twice! O only born of God the + Father</span><span style= + "font-size: 90%">’</span></span><span style="font-size: 90%">. The + petition to the Holy Spirit begins:</span> <span class= + "tei tei-q"><span style="font-size: 90%">‘</span><span style= + "font-size: 90%">Have mercy on us, O Almighty God! O Holy Spirit! O + Spirit the noblest of all spirits!</span><span style= + "font-size: 90%">’</span></span> <span style="font-size: 90%">(See + original in</span> <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-size: 90%; font-variant: small-caps">Appendix</span></span><span style="font-size: 90%">, + No. CXX.)</span></span></p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.90em"><span class= + "tei tei-q"><span style="font-size: 90%">“</span><span style= + "font-size: 90%">When I first discovered this prayer in the</span> + <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-size: 90%; font-style: italic">Leabhar Buidhe + Lecain</span></span> <span style="font-size: 90%">(or Yellow Book + of</span> <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-size: 90%; font-style: italic">Lecain</span></span><span style="font-size: 90%">), + in the library of Trinity College, many years ago, I had no means + of ascertaining or fixing its date; but in my subsequent readings + in the same library, for my collection of ancient glossaries, I met + the word</span> <span class="tei tei-foreign"><span style= + "font-size: 90%; font-style: italic">Oirchis</span></span> + <span style="font-size: 90%">set down with explanation and + illustration, as follows:</span></span></p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.90em"><span class= + "tei tei-q"><span style="font-size: 90%">“ </span><span class= + "tei tei-q"><span style="font-size: 90%">‘</span><span class= + "tei tei-foreign"><span style= + "font-size: 90%; font-style: italic">Oirchis</span></span><span style="font-size: 90%">, + id est, Mercy; as it is said in the prayers of Arinan the + Wise</span><span style="font-size: 90%">’</span></span><span style= + "font-size: 90%">:—Have mercy on us, O God the Father + Almighty!</span><span style="font-size: 90%">”</span></span> + <span style="font-size: 90%">See original in</span> <span class= + "tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-size: 90%; font-variant: small-caps">Appendix</span></span><span style="font-size: 90%">, + No. CXXI.</span></p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.90em"><span class= + "tei tei-q"><span style="font-size: 90%">“</span><span style= + "font-size: 90%">I think it is unnecessary to say more on the + identity of the author of this prayer with the distinguished</span> + <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-size: 90%; font-style: italic">Aireran</span></span> + <span style="font-size: 90%">of Clonard. Nor is this the only + specimen of his devout works that has come down to us. Fleming, in + his Collecta Sacra, has published a fragment of a Latin tract + discovered in the ancient monastery of St. Gall in Switzerland, + which is entitled</span> <span class="tei tei-q"><span style= + "font-size: 90%">‘</span><span style="font-size: 90%">The Mystical + Interpretation of the Ancestry of our Lord Jesus + Christ</span><span style= + "font-size: 90%">’</span></span><span style="font-size: 90%">. A + perfect copy of this curious tract, and one of high antiquity, has, + I believe, been lately discovered on the + continent.</span></span></p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.90em"><span class= + "tei tei-q"><span style="font-size: 90%">“</span><span style= + "font-size: 90%">There was another</span> <span class= + "tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-size: 90%; font-style: italic">Airenan</span></span><span style="font-size: 90%">, + also called</span> <span class="tei tei-q"><span style= + "font-size: 90%">‘</span><span style="font-size: 90%">the + wise</span><span style="font-size: 90%">’</span></span><span style= + "font-size: 90%">, who was abbot of</span> <span class= + "tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-size: 90%; font-style: italic">Tamhlacht</span></span> + <span style="font-size: 90%">[Tallaght] in the latter part of the + ninth century; but he has not been distinguished as an author, as + far as we know</span><span style= + "font-size: 90%">”</span></span><span style= + "font-size: 90%">.</span></p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.90em"><span style= + "font-size: 90%">It seems to us that there are three things + specially worthy of our consideration in this beautiful + prayer.</span></p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.90em"><span style= + "font-size: 90%">In the first place, we find in it an explicit and + most clear declaration of the Catholic Faith regarding the Blessed + Trinity, especially the distinction of three persons, and the + Divinity of each of these Divine Persons.</span> <span class= + "tei tei-q"><span style="font-size: 90%">“</span><span style= + "font-size: 90%">O God the Father Almighty, O God of Hosts, help + us! Help us, O Almighty God! O Jesus Christ! Help us, O Almighty + God, O Holy Spirit!</span><span style= + "font-size: 90%">”</span></span></p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.90em"><span style= + "font-size: 90%">We are in the next place struck by the + extraordinary familiarity with the Holy Scripture which the writer + evinces. There is scarcely one of the epithets which is not found + in the sacred pages, almost in the precise words used by him, + beginning with the first words, addressed to the Eternal + Father,</span> <span class="tei tei-q"><span style= + "font-size: 90%">“</span><span style="font-size: 90%">O God of + Hosts</span><span style= + "font-size: 90%">”</span></span><span style="font-size: 90%">, + the</span> <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-size: 90%; font-style: italic">Deus Sabaoth</span></span> + <span style="font-size: 90%">of the Prophets, and going on to the + last invocation of the Holy Ghost,</span> <span class= + "tei tei-q"><span style="font-size: 90%">“</span><span style= + "font-size: 90%">Spirit of love</span><span style= + "font-size: 90%">”</span></span><span style="font-size: 90%">, + which comprises in itself the two inspired phrases:</span> + <span class="tei tei-q"><span style= + "font-size: 90%">“</span><span lang="la" class="tei tei-foreign" + xml:lang="la"><span style= + "font-size: 90%; font-style: italic">Spiritus est + Deus</span></span><span style= + "font-size: 90%">”</span></span><span style="font-size: 90%">, + and</span> <span class="tei tei-q"><span style= + "font-size: 90%">“</span><span lang="la" class="tei tei-foreign" + xml:lang="la"><span style="font-size: 90%; font-style: italic">Deus + Charitas est</span></span><span style= + "font-size: 90%">”</span></span><span style="font-size: 90%">. We + may also remark the coincidence between Saint Aireran and the + liturgical prayers of the Church, especially in the invocations of + the Holy Ghost found in the office of Whitsuntide and in the + administration of the Sacrament of Confirmation,</span> + <span class="tei tei-q"><span style= + "font-size: 90%">“</span><span lang="la" class="tei tei-foreign" + xml:lang="la"><span style="font-size: 90%; font-style: italic">Tu + septiformis munere: Digitus Paternae + dexterae</span></span><span style= + "font-size: 90%">”</span></span><span style= + "font-size: 90%">.</span> <span class="tei tei-q"><span style= + "font-size: 90%">“</span><span style="font-size: 90%">O Finger of + God! O Spirit of Seven Forms</span><span style= + "font-size: 90%">”</span></span><span style= + "font-size: 90%">.</span></p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.90em"><span style= + "font-size: 90%">In fine, we find our Irish saint applying to the + Son of God the vision of the Prophet Ezechiel regarding the four + mysterious animals:</span> <span class="tei tei-q"><span style= + "font-size: 90%">“</span><span style="font-size: 90%">O true Man! O + Lion! O young Ox! O Eagle!</span><span style= + "font-size: 90%">”</span></span><span style="font-size: 90%">The + prophecy is commonly interpreted of the Four Evangelists. Saint + Augustine and Saint Jerome are quoted as authorities for this + interpretation. But it is worthy of remark, that Saint Gregory the + Great, whilst giving the same interpretation, applies the + mysterious vision also to God the Son.</span><a id="noteref_2" + name="noteref_2" href="#note_2"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">2</span></span></a> + <span style="font-size: 90%">And Saint Aireran, by adopting this + opinion, seems to afford us another proof of the great familiarity + of our Irish scholars with the writings of the great Pontiff and + Father of the Church. And this familiarity is rendered still more + remarkable, and serves to give another proof of the constant + communication between Rome and Ireland, from the close proximity of + the times of our Saint and of Saint Gregory.]</span></p> + </div><span class="tei tei-pb" id="page064">[pg 064]</span><a name= + "Pg064" id="Pg064" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">O Deus Pater + omnipotens Deus exerce tuam misericordiam nobis!</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">O God the Father + Almighty! O God of Hosts, help us.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">O illustrious God! + O Lord of the world! O Creator of all creatures, help us.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">O indescribable + God! O Creator of all creatures, help us.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">O invisible God! O + incorporeal God! O unseen God! O unimaginable God! O patient God! O + uncorrupted God! O unchangeable God! O eternal God! O perfect God! O + merciful God! O admirable God! O Golden Goodness! O Heavenly Father, + who art in Heaven, help us.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">Help us, O + Almighty God! O Jesus Christ! O Son of the living God! O Son twice + born! O only begotten of the Father! O first-born of Mary the Virgin! + O Son of David! O Son of Abraham, beginning of all things! O End of + the World! O Word of God! O Jewel of the Heavenly Kingdom! O Life of + all (things)! O Eternal Truth! O Image, O Likeness, O Form of God the + Father! O Arm of God! O Hand of God! O Strength of God! O right + (hand) of God! O true Wisdom! O true Light, which enlightens all men! + O Light-giver! O Sun of Righteousness! O Star of the Morning! O + Lustre of the Divinity! O Sheen of the Eternal Light! O Fountain of + immortal Life! O Pacificator between God and Man! O Foretold of the + Church! O Faithful Shepherd of the flock! O Hope of the Faithful! O + Angel of the Great Council! O True Prophet! O True Apostle! O True + Preacher! O Master! O Friend of Souls (Spiritual Director)! O Thou of + the shining hair! O Immortal Food! O Tree of Life! O Righteous of + Heaven! O Wand from the Stem of Moses! O King of Israel! O Saviour! O + Door of Life! O Splendid Flower of the Plain! O Corner-stone! O + Heavenly Zion! O Foundation of the Faith! O Spotless Lamb! O Diadem! + O Gentle Sheep! O Redeemer of mankind! O true God! O True Man! O + Lion! O young Ox! O Eagle! O Crucified Christ! O Judge of the + Judgment Day! help us.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">Help us, O + Almighty God! O Holy Spirit! O Spirit more noble than all Spirits! O + Finger of God! O Guardian of the Christians! O Protector of the + Distressed! O Co-partner of the True Wisdom! O Author of the Holy + Scripture! O Spirit of Righteousness! O Spirit of Seven Forms! O + Spirit of the Intellect! O Spirit of the Counsel! O Spirit of + Fortitude! O Spirit of Knowledge! O Spirit of Love! help us.</p> + </div><span class="tei tei-pb" id="page065">[pg 065]</span><a name= + "Pg065" id="Pg065" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-div" style= + "margin-bottom: 5.00em; margin-top: 5.00em"> + <a name="toc11" id="toc11"></a> <a name="pdf12" id="pdf12"></a> + + <h1 class="tei tei-head" style= + "text-align: left; margin-bottom: 3.46em; margin-top: 3.46em"> + <span style="font-size: 173%">The Destiny Of The Irish + Race.</span><a id="noteref_3" name="noteref_3" href= + "#note_3"><span class="tei tei-noteref" style= + "text-align: left"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">3</span></span></a></h1> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">That God knows and + governs all things—that whatever happens is either done or permitted + by him, and that he proposes to himself wise and beneficent ends in + all he does or permits—are truths which lie at the foundation of all + religion. The wicked may refuse to obey his commands, but they cannot + withdraw themselves from the reach of his power. While their + wickedness is entirely their own, <em class= + "tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">God</span></em> makes + them, however unwilling or unconscious, instruments to work out his + ends.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">It is thus that + individuals and nations have each a peculiar destiny. Not that there + is a blind fate, such as Pagans imagined; but that an all-seeing and + all-governing God proposes to himself certain objects, which he is + determined to attain, despite the perversity of man.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">To learn the + purposes of God in the development of human events, to trace his hand + in the complicated movements of society, to see him overruling and + directing all to his own great ends, is one of the most sublime + objects to which the study of history can be applied. Frequently, + indeed, we may be unable fully to comprehend the designs of his + providence in the moral, as in the physical world. Fancy, or pride, + may easily have a great part in suggesting our theories. But, if we + confine ourselves to certain facts and undoubted principles, we can + often trace the design in both orders, and admire in it the wisdom, + the power, the goodness—all the attributes of God. Nay, all these + shine more brightly in the moral than in the physical order.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">The history of his + chosen people is an example of this. We find empires rising and + falling, at one time to punish, at another time to try, at another to + deliver his people. The good and the wicked, the weak and the strong, + become in turn his instruments. The whole history of that people is + but a record of the acts of his overruling providence, directing all + things to the accomplishment of the designs which he had + announced.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">This is, indeed, + so evident in this case that it may not be considered a fair instance + to prove my general position. For it is admitted that God's + providence over the Jewish race was quite extraordinary. Still, it + proves that God does so intervene in human affairs, and it + illustrates many of the principles that must be kept in view in these + investigations. It shows, for example, that many, unconscious of the + fact—nay, with quite another object <span class="tei tei-pb" id= + "page066">[pg 066]</span><a name="Pg066" id="Pg066" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> in view, acting perhaps from avarice, hatred, + or ambition, are yet instruments in the hand of God for the + accomplishment of his wise purposes. It shows how things, and + persons, considered as of little or of no value, according to human + views, may, in reality, be the pivots on which the destinies of vast + empires turn, connected, as they may be, with the accomplishment of + purposes which weigh more in the scales of Heaven than the mere + temporal condition of all the empires of the Earth.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">It is in this view + that many Christian writers assert that the Roman empire obtained + universal sway, that civilized nations being thus brought closely + together, an easier way might be prepared for the spread of the + Gospel. The generals and statesmen of Rome had no doubt a very low + idea of the poor fishermen of Galilee, and of the tentmaker of + Tharsus. It may be safely presumed that they did not even allow their + names to divert their thoughts, for a moment, from the grand projects + of conquest and government by which they were engrossed. Yet, in the + designs of God, it was, most probably, to prepare a way for the work + of those fishermen, and of that tentmaker, and their associates, that + wisdom had been vouchsafed to their counsels and victory to their + arms.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">The endless + invasions of the Roman empire by northern tribes is another instance + of whole races being used by God for his own purposes, without their + having any idea of the work in which they were employed. They came to + punish those who had revelled in the blood of the saints, and to + supply fresh material for the great work of the Church of God.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">Towards the close + of the fifteenth century, an Italian sailor, led by some astronomical + observations and some half understood, or rather misunderstood, tales + of ancient travellers, to believe that there must be another + continent far away beyond the western waters, wandered from court to + court, in Europe, in search of means to fit up an expedition to + discover it, and he finally succeeded in making known a new world. It + requires little faith in divine Providence to believe that it was God + who was impelling him thus to open a new outlet for the energies of + the ancient world, which were then about being developed on a + gigantic scale, and, still more, to prepare a field for a more + extensive spread of the Gospel, in which the Church might repair the + losses she was about to sustain in the religious convulsions + impending in Europe.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">Numberless similar + instances might be quoted. These designs of God are sometimes + manifest, sometimes hidden; sometimes they are far-reaching, + sometimes limited. Ignorance and pride may mistake or pervert them. + But they always prevail; they are always worthy of their Author; and + let me add, that the salvation <span class="tei tei-pb" id= + "page067">[pg 067]</span><a name="Pg067" id="Pg067" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> of men being the object most highly prized by + God, it is not only rightfully considered the most noble, but it is + that to which his other works may be justly accounted + subordinate.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">It is under the + light of these principles that I undertake an investigation of the + purposes of God regarding the Irish race. These purposes seem to me + no longer matter of speculation; they may be pronounced manifest; for + they are written in unmistakable characters in the development of + events.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">The history of + Ireland is, in many respects, peculiar. Few nations received the + faith so readily, and no other preserved it amidst similar struggles. + St. Patrick first announced the Gospel to the assembled states of the + realm at Tara. He received permission to preach it, unmolested, + throughout the length and breadth of the land. By his indomitable + zeal and heroic virtue, he succeeded in winning over the natives so + effectually, that at his death few pagans remained in Ireland. Not a + drop of blood was shed when Christianity was first announced. Heroism + was displayed only by the exalted virtues of the Apostle and of the + neophytes. Nowhere else did the Gospel take root so quickly and so + firmly, and produce fruits so immediate and so abundant. Catholic + Ireland soon became the home of the saints and sages of the Christian + world. To many of the nations of the continent her apostles went + forth, charged with the embassy of eternal truth. In every realm of + Europe her children established sanctuaries of piety and learning; + and to her own hospitable shores the natives of other lands flocked + to receive education, and even support, from her gratuitous bounty. + Homes of virtue dotted her hills and valleys; and thus were laid deep + the roots of that strong attachment to the faith, which, later, was + to be exposed to trials the most severe.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">We thus find God + preparing Ireland for a future, then hidden to all but Himself. For + the day of trial came at last. She was reposing in peace, under the + shadow of the Gospel, when the barbaric invasion, that swept before + it every vestige of learning and religion in many parts of Europe, + reached her shores. Ireland was the only country that rolled back its + wave. But she did this at the cost of her life's blood. For two + centuries the Dane trampled her sons under foot. His cruelties yet + re-echo in the national traditions. But the Irish race at last arose + in its might, and drove the barbarian from its shores. The churches + of the country had been pillaged, its monasteries plundered, its + institutions of learning destroyed—everything that the sword could + smite, or fire consume, had perished; but the Irish race came out of + the ordeal preserving its own integrity, and the jewel which it + prized above all else—its glorious faith.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">Not long after + this deliverance, and before Ireland had succeeded <span class= + "tei tei-pb" id="page068">[pg 068]</span><a name="Pg068" id="Pg068" + class="tei tei-anchor"></a> in obliterating the traces of Danish + cruelty, another invader set his foot on her shores. Availing himself + of the discords naturally arising from the disorganized state of + society, he succeeded in gaining a foothold. By fanning these + discords, he kept possession and gained strength. The rule of the + Saxon became thus almost as severe a calamity as had been the + oppression of the Dane. To the hatred, which is generally greater in + the oppressor than in the oppressed, were added, in time, religious + fanaticism and the desire of plunder, which became its associate and + assumed its garb. The <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style= + "font-style: italic">mere</span></em> Irishman, who was hated under + any circumstances on account of his race, was now hunted in his own + country as if he were a wild beast. The property of the Catholic + people was confiscated, and most stringent laws were enacted to + prevent its renewed acquisitions. Priests, wherever found, were put + to death, and the severest penalties were inflicted on those who + would harbour any that escaped detection. Extermination by fire and + sword was ordered in so many words, and was attempted. When this + failed, a system of penal laws was established, which were in full + force until lately, and which a Protestant writer of deservedly high + repute (Burke) calls a <span class="tei tei-q">“machine of wise and + elaborate contrivance, and as well fitted for the oppression, + impoverishment, and degradation of a people, and the debasement in + them of human nature itself, as ever proceeded from the perverted + ingenuity of man”</span>. Upon the partial abandonment of this form + of oppression, a system of proselytism was adopted, and is yet in + full vigour (for it has become an institution, and the best supported + institution in Ireland), which, by bribes to the high and the low, + appeals to every base instinct to draw men away from the faith.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">Yet neither + confiscation of property, nor famine, nor disgrace, nor death in its + most hideous forms, could make Ireland waver in that faith which our + forefathers received from St. Patrick. There were, of course, from + time to time, and there are, a few exceptions. Did not these occur, + the Irish must have been more than men. But, as a general rule, the + places that could not be procured or retained, except by apostacy, + were resigned. The rich allowed their property to be torn from them, + and they willingly became poor; the poor bore hunger and all other + consequences of wretched poverty; and though every Earthly good was + arrayed temptingly before them, they scorned to purchase comfort at + the price of apostacy. During the four years from 1846 to 1850, + nearly two millions either perished from hunger or its attendant + pestilence, or were forced to leave their native land to escape both. + In the midst of the dead and the dying, proselytisers showed + themselves everywhere, well provided with food and money, and Bibles, + and every one of the sufferers felt, <span class="tei tei-pb" id= + "page069">[pg 069]</span><a name="Pg069" id="Pg069" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> and was made to feel, that all his sufferings + might have been spared had he been willing to barter his faith for + bread. Yet the masses could bear hunger and face pestilence, or fly + from their native land; but they would not eat the bread of apostacy. + They died, or they fled; but they clung to their faith.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">In vain, I think, + will history be searched for another example of such vast numbers, + generation after generation, calmly, silently facing an unhonoured + death, without any support on earth but the approving voice of + conscience.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">This fidelity can + be predicated with truth of the whole Irish race, notwithstanding the + numbers of those in Ireland who are not Catholics. For these, besides + being a minority of the inhabitants, are but an exotic, planted in + Ireland by the sword. They were imported, being already, and because + they were, of another faith, for the purpose of supplanting that of + the inhabitants. Many of them adopted the faith of the old race, so + that the names that indicate their origin are not a certain test of + their religion. But so steadily has the old stock adhered to its + faith, that an Irish <span class="tei tei-q">“O”</span>, or + <span class="tei tei-q">“Mac”</span>, or any other old Celtic name, + is almost sure to designate a Catholic. Indeed, such names are + usually called <span class="tei tei-q">“Catholic names”</span>. + Whenever an exception is found, it is so rare an occurrence that the + party is considered a renegade from his race as well as from his + religion.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">It would, however, + be not only unfounded to flatter ourselves that this stability in the + faith is the result of anything peculiar in the Irish nature, but it + would be, I may say, a blasphemy to assert it. God alone can preserve + any one in the paths of truth and virtue; how much more must we + attribute to Him the fidelity of a whole race, under the trying + circumstances here enumerated?</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">Such grace may + have been given, as many believe, in reward of the readiness and the + fulness with which our ancestors first received the faith of the + Gospel, and it is hoped that God will to the end grant the same grace + of fidelity to their descendants. Our great Apostle is said to have + asked this favour from God for the nation which so readily responded + to his call. Let us unite our prayers with his, and, like Solomon, + ask for our race not riches, nor power, but true wisdom, which is, + above all and before all, allegiance to the true faith. This was the + prayer, no doubt, which the millions of our martyred ancestors poured + out. They themselves sacrificed property and liberty; they gave up + everything that man could take away, that they might preserve this + precious jewel. They believed that in doing this they were following + the dictates of true wisdom, and, in their fondest love for their + remotest posterity, they wished and prayed that similar wisdom might + be displayed by them. May their prayer be heard to the + end.</p><span class="tei tei-pb" id="page070">[pg 070]</span><a name= + "Pg070" id="Pg070" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">This prayer has + been heard, or at least this grace has been granted, up to the + present. When the sons of Ireland on this day return in thought to + the homes of their fathers, they may indeed look back upon a land + inferior to many in the elements of material greatness. They may + behold her castles and rich domains in the possession of the + stranger. They may view the masses of their race with scarcely a + foothold in the land of their fathers, liable to be ejected from the + farm, and driven out on the public highways, and from the highways + into the crowded town, and from the hovels of the crowded town into + the poorhouse, and even at the poorhouse denied the right of + admission. But amidst all the miseries of those who yet dwell in the + old land—in spite of the wiles of unscrupulous governments, and + heartless and tyrannical landlords, and hypocritical proselytizers—in + spite of open violence and covert bribes, their undying attachment to + the faith remains unaltered, unshaken—a monument of national virtue + more honourable than any which wealth or power could erect, or + flattery devise.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">But all this is a + grace, a great grace of God. It reveals a purpose of Heaven more + bountiful in regard to this people than if he had raised them to the + highest place in material power amongst the nations of the Earth.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">Temporal + prosperity, in its various forms, though a favour from God, is not + his most precious blessing. He himself selected the way of the Cross. + In abjection and suffering he came into the world; he lived in it + despised and persecuted, he died amidst excruciating torments. To + those whom he loved in a special manner, he says, <span class= + "tei tei-q">“Can you drink the chalice which I am to drink, and be + baptized with the baptism with which I shall be baptized?”</span> and + when they reply, they can, the promise that this shall be fulfilled, + his leading them to follow him in the way of the Cross, his calling + them to suffer for righteousness, is the best pledge of his greatest + love.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">This grace he has + given to Ireland. Her children have received and accepted the call; + they have reaped the reward. Indeed, I have found the opinion + entertained by many clergymen of extensive experience, that there is + not probably a people on this Earth of whom more, in proportion to + their number, leave this world with well grounded hopes of a happy + eternity. They do not, it is true, display a boastful assurance that + they are about to ascend at once into Heaven. But vast masses serve + God with humble fidelity in life, and, at death, acknowledging and + sorry for their sins, doing all they can to comply with his + requirements, they throw themselves, with resignation to his will, + into the arms of his mercy.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">Were nothing else + apparent in the purposes of God, we might <span class="tei tei-pb" + id="page071">[pg 071]</span><a name="Pg071" id="Pg071" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> stop here. We would find a great and worthy + object for all that Ireland has suffered, and cause to thank the + Almighty Ruler for having given her the grace to suffer in union with + and for the sake of his Son.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">But God's graces + are often given for ulterior purposes; and it may be asked whether + the extraordinary preservation of this nation's faith has not another + object in his wise and merciful counsels.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">It appears to me + that this is now clear in the case of Ireland. But, to understand it + properly, we must reflect more closely on her connection with + England, and on the condition of this latter country.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">In the sixteenth + century England abandoned the faith to which she had adhered for a + thousand years. Her apostacy, though consummated by degrees, may be + said to have become at last complete. The blood of her best sons + flowed at Tyburn. The priests that were not of the number were + banished, or forced to seek safety in hiding places. The same price + was put on the head of a priest as on that of a wolf. The property of + Catholics was confiscated, their children were taken from them, and + educated in the religion of the establishment. These and analogous + measures produced their effect at last. Were it not for these things, + a great part of that nation, if not a majority, would be Catholic + to-day. Though they desired no share in the plunder of the Church, + and had no fancy for the new theories of the Reformers, they were + weak enough to yield to a pressure, under which compromise first, and + then apostacy, afforded the only means of escaping confiscation and + the loss of every social advantage, frequently the only means of + escaping death. The old faith stamped, indeed, its mark on the + institutions of the kingdom in a manner that could not be blotted + out. It left its memorials everywhere throughout the land. The noble + universities, the gorgeous cathedrals, and the splendid ruins + scattered over the surface of the country, are witnesses of its + departed power; but it is itself effectually blotted out from the + hearts of the people. Though the most noble kings and princes of the + land had delighted in honouring Catholicity, though England had sent + her apostles and her saints into many a clime, though her hills and + valleys had re-echoed for centuries with the sweet songs of Catholic + devotion, her people now know nothing more hateful than the faith + under the auspices of which their fathers were civilized. They + nickname it <span class="tei tei-q">“Popery”</span>, and the name + expresses that which is to them most hateful.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">Yet this England, + this Catholic-hating England, has become one of the greatest nations + of the Earth in the material order. Her fleets are mirrored in every + sea; her banner floats on every <span class="tei tei-pb" id= + "page072">[pg 072]</span><a name="Pg072" id="Pg072" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> continent. It has been truly said that the + sound of her drums, calling her soldiers from slumber, goes before + and greets the rising sun in its circuit around the globe.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">But what is most + remarkable, and certainly not without some great purpose in the order + of divine Providence, England has become in our day the great hive + from which colonies go out to people islands and continents in + distant parts of the world; lands which were before vast wastes, + tenanted only by the wild beast, or by the savage scarcely less + ferocious. Indeed, she is the only nation in our day that seems to + have received such a mission.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">And is it then to + an apostate nation exclusively that God has given the mission to fill + up these wastes? Is it a corrupted faith only which is to be borne to + these savage nations, and to be planted in those vast regions, which + God has made known to civilized man in these latter days? Were this + the case, we might tremble, though we should adore it as one of the + inscrutable judgments of God, dealing with nations in his <em class= + "tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">great</span></em> + wrath.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">But is such the + fact? It would indeed be the fact were it not for faithful Ireland. + But, united as England is with Ireland, the result is quite + otherwise. The very ambition and desire for gain which impel England + to extend her power and plant her colonies in the most distant + countries of the globe, become the instruments for carrying also the + undying faith of Ireland to the regions which England has + conquered.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">Saul went to seek + Samuel, thinking only of finding his father's asses. God was sending + him to be anointed king over his people. England sends her ships all + over the world, thinking only of markets for the produce of her + forges and her looms. God is sending her that she may spread + everywhere the faith of the Irish people.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">Under the + <span class="tei tei-q">“Union Jack”</span>, on which the crosses of + St. George and St. Andrew are blended, but so blended as to prevent + any Christian symbol being recognized (a fit emblem of the effect of + the union of jarring sects, each professing to proclaim Christianity, + but between them only obscuring and obstructing it)—the Irishman, + too, is borne to the distant colony. He goes, probably, before the + mast or in the forecastle, but he bears with him the true faith; and + when he lands he hastens to raise its symbol. This may be at first + over a rude chapel. But it is a signal to other way-farers, and they + gather under its shade to offer up the sacred mysteries. As soon as + his means permit, even before he can build a good dwelling for + himself, he takes care that the house of God be, in every possible + degree, worthy of its sacred character. And so the Church creeps on + and grows, and regions that sat in darkness are now blessed by the + offering of the Adorable Sacrifice and the announcement of the true + faith.</p><span class="tei tei-pb" id="page073">[pg + 073]</span><a name="Pg073" id="Pg073" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">The Irishman, + generally speaking, did not leave home through ambition, or for + conquest. He departed with sorrow from the shade of that hawthorn + around which the dearest memories of childhood clustered. He would + have remained content with the humble lot of his father had he been + allowed to dwell there in peace. But the bailiff came, and, to make + wider pastures for sheep and bullocks, his humble cottage was + levelled, and he himself sent to wander through the world in search + of a home. But in his wanderings he carries his faith with him, and + he becomes the means of spreading everywhere the true Church of + God.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">It is thus that + the tempest, which seems but to destroy the flower, catches up its + seeds and scatters them far and near, and these seeds produce other + flowers as beautiful as that from which they were torn, so that some + fair spot of the prairie, when despoiled of its loveliness, but + affords the means of covering the vast expanse with new and + variegated beauties.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">It is thus that + the famine, and the pestilence, and the inhuman evictions of Irish + landlords, have spread the faith of Christ far and near, and planted + it in new colonies, which, when they shall have grown out of their + tutelage, will look back to the departed power of England and the + undying faith of Ireland as, in the hands of Providence, the combined + causes of their greatness and their orthodoxy. Macaulay's traveller + from New Zealand, who will, on some future day, <span class= + "tei tei-q">“from a broken arch of London Bridge, take a sketch of + the ruins of St. Paul's”</span>, may be some Irish <span class= + "tei tei-q">“O'”</span> or <span class="tei tei-q">“Mac”</span> on a + pilgrimage to the Eternal City, who passes that way—having first + landed on the shores from which his ancestors were driven by the + <span class="tei tei-q">“crowbar brigade”</span>, and visited with + reverence the hallowed graves under whose humble sod lie the bones of + his martyred forefathers.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">It is thus that + the Catholic faith is being planted in the British colonies of North + America; it is thus it is carried to India, and to Australia, and to + the islands of the South Sea. Thus are laid the foundations of + flourishing churches, which promise, at no distant day, to renew, and + even to surpass, the work done by Ireland in the palmiest days of + faith, when her sons planted the Cross, and caused Christ to be + adored, as he wished to be adored, in the most distant regions of the + earth.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">The magnitude of + this work is not to be measured even by the importance of these + transplanted churches at the present moment. The countries to which I + have alluded are but in their infancy. We can see on this continent + the rapid strides of such infant colonies. Within three quarters of a + century this country has advanced in population from three to over + thirty millions, and in most other elements of greatness in still + grander proportions. If it continue to increase, as it has done + regularly from <span class="tei tei-pb" id="page074">[pg + 074]</span><a name="Pg074" id="Pg074" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> the + beginning, at the end of this century, or soon after, it will have a + population of over one hundred millions—that is, as great as is now + the population of France, and Spain, and Italy, and Great Britain + combined. If this be expected in this country in forty years, what + will the case be in one or two hundred, in this and so many others + similarly situated?</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">Australia starts + with all the advantages of this country, and some peculiar to itself, + and is following it with giant strides. It may overtake it before + long, if not outstrip it. But the position of Catholicity there is + very different from what it was at the commencement, or even at an + advanced period, in the United States. The Catholics in Australia + occupy a position of practical social equality with others. They will + grow with the growth and strengthen with the strength of their + adopted country, and have their fair share in its importance.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">England herself, + from which the Catholic name was thought to have been almost blotted + out, has been deeply affected by this exodus of Irish Catholics. In + her cities, and towns, and hamlets, the Cross has been raised from + the dust. At the side of the ancient monuments which remind England + of her apostacy, humble spires rise in every part of the land, and + tell that nation that the faith which they thought destroyed still + lives, and is ready to admit them again to its wonted blessings. They + stand there, and betoken the unity and stability of that faith of + which they are the symbols—of that faith which reclaimed the fathers + of that people from barbarism, and continued to be the faith of the + land for a thousand years, and is yet a faith, and the only faith, in + which men of every tongue and every clime are united. The English + people see its unity and stability, while they are forced to witness + the ever shifting and clashing forms of the religion that was + substituted for it. For, in the name of the one Christ and the one + Bible, altar is everywhere erected against altar, pulpit thunders + against pulpit, the teaching of to-day is contradicted in the same + pulpit on the morrow; yet each one proclaims his own device as the + plain teaching of Scripture.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">This confronting + of unity with confusion, of steady adherence to truth with the ever + varying shifts of error, of the mild but bright glory of an + everlasting Church with the frivolities of the proudest inventions of + men, is a grace, and a great grace, which God grants. It is a grace + for the use of which that people will give strict account. And oh! + may that use be, that they will make it fructify to their salvation. + For while we appreciate the blessings granted to ourselves, we have + no other feeling in their regard than a wish that they, too, may + share in these blessings, and be like unto us in everything + <span class="tei tei-q">“except these chains”</span>.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">But whether well + used or abused, whether unto <span class="tei tei-q">“the + ruin”</span> or <span class="tei tei-pb" id="page075">[pg + 075]</span><a name="Pg075" id="Pg075" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + <span class="tei tei-q">“salvation”</span> of many in that country, + this grace is given chiefly through the Irish emigration.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">I am not unaware + of, nor do I undervalue, the importance of the faithful remnant that + has in England steadfastly continued in the faith once delivered to + the saints, nor of the accession made to their numbers by the + conversion of so many noble souls, to whom God gave light and + strength to overcome the many difficulties that would have fain + prevented their following that light. But of both we might not + inaptly ask, <span class="tei tei-q">“What are these amongst so + many?”</span> They are like those few tints that gild the skies here + and there, when the sun's light has all but departed; or like those + stars that pierce at night the cumbered heavens—bright, indeed, and + beautiful—but only showing forth more clearly the dark outlines of + the heavy and murky clouds that shroud the horizon. They make us feel + only more sensibly, and keep fresh in our memory, the loss of the sun + that has set.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">It is the Irish + emigration that has chiefly supplied the multitudes who flock around + English altars, that has made churches and schools spring up, that + has finally called for the restoration of a numerous hierarchy; and, + as if to mark this fact, and point out the great part that Ireland + had in restoring Catholic life to England, God has so arranged it + that the first head and brightest ornament of that new hierarchy + should be the son of Irish emigrants; for such is the great and + illustrious Cardinal Wiseman.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">And even in these + United States, let people say what they please, has not the Irish + race held the first place in planting the cross throughout the length + and breadth of the land?</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">In this, and + wherever else I speak of the Irish race, I do not, of course, confine + myself to those born in Ireland. The work which a race is called to + do is to be done by those who now live, and by their children and + their children's children, wherever they happen to be born. Indeed, + it would be a contradiction in terms to consider the father and son, + wherever born, as belonging to different races. Be it for weal or for + woe, be it unto honour or unto shame, the fathers cannot disown the + children nor the children the fathers. If it depended on feeling or + wishes, I, for one, would be very glad to dissolve connection with + any one who insists that he owes nothing to the race that gave him a + father or a mother. I would readily leave such a one to his proud + claim of owning no paternity but the land on which he vegetates, and + I only regret that he will scarcely bring to it much credit or + advantage. He who is unwilling to acknowledge the father that begot + him, or the mother that gave him suck, is not a prize worth + contending for. But whatever we or he may wish, whatever be the + results to us or to him, he is flesh of our flesh and bone of our + bone. What God has united, neither he nor we can put + asunder.</p><span class="tei tei-pb" id="page076">[pg + 076]</span><a name="Pg076" id="Pg076" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">It is not that we + should form separate classes or castes, or that we claim other rights + or privileges, or have other duties than those of other races; but + the one to which each man belongs has been fixed by the Almighty + Provider in the very act of giving him being, and he who would fain + conceal, or disown, or be ashamed of his race—that is, of the order + of Providence to which he owes his existence—could succeed in nothing + else but in proving himself unworthy the esteem of men of any + race.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">I know and + gratefully acknowledge the important services rendered to Catholicity + in the United States by persons of other races. There was, first of + all, the Maryland colony, with whose noble history that of few, if + any, of the other colonies can compare. By their justice and humanity + in treating with the native tribes, by similar justice and fair + dealing with other colonists, of every religion and every race, by + their domestic virtues and patriotic course, the men of that colony + deserved and received a high place in the esteem of their countrymen + and of the world.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">But their number + is small, too small—indeed. Would that they were more. Were they all + put together they would not form one average diocese of the forty-six + now existing in this country.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">God has sent us + many illustrious men from France, and Belgium, and Italy, who have + occupied the foremost ranks in the ministry, whose heroic virtues and + zealous works are even now as beacon lights to all who labour for + God's glory. But as to the people from these countries, they are not + many more than those from the Maryland stock. Germany has sent many + of her hardy sons to labour with the steadfastness of their + countrymen in building up the walls of the sanctuary. These are, + indeed, a most important element, and are destined to become more and + more important every day. They may yet exercise a greater influence + on the destiny of the Church in this country than the Irish race. But + so far, I think, no one will claim that they can be compared with it + in numbers, or as to the results hitherto obtained. Of the converts + in this country we may say the same thing as of those in England.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">Giving all, + therefore, what belongs to them—for there is not, nor should there be + here, any room for jealousy—I think it will be admitted that it is + above all others to the sons of Ireland and to their children that + the spread of Catholicity is due in this land. No matter who + ministered at the altar (though there, too, the sons of Ireland have + had their share), in the body of the church you will find that, in + the majority of places, they constitute the bulk, and in many the + whole of the congregation. Their hard earned dollars were foremost in + supplying means to buy the lot and raise the building from which the + Catholic faith <span class="tei tei-pb" id="page077">[pg + 077]</span><a name="Pg077" id="Pg077" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> is + announced. The priest, no matter what his own nationality, was + nowhere more confident of finding help and support than among the + Irish emigrants or their children. Wherever a railway, or a canal, or + a hive of industry invited their sturdy labour, the cross soon sprang + up to bear witness to their generosity and their faith.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">Even the old + Maryland colony, though consisting chiefly of English Catholics, + seeking here a freedom of conscience denied them at home, had its + Irish element, and that not the least noble in deeds nor the least + conspicuous in virtue.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">When at the period + of the Revolution the noblest men of this land stood together, + shoulder to shoulder, and issued that Declaration of Independence to + which they pledged their lives, their fortunes, and their sacred + honours, it was a Catholic of the Irish race who affixed his + signature for Maryland. In doing this he pledged an honour as pure, + and a life as precious as any of the rest, but he staked a fortune + equal to, if not greater than, that of all the others put together. + When he signed his name, one standing by said, <span class= + "tei tei-q">“There go some millions”</span>. Another remarked, + <span class="tei tei-q">“There are many Carrolls; he will not be + known”</span>. He overheard the remark, and to avoid all + misconception, wrote down in full, <span class= + "tei tei-q">“<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-style: italic">Charles Carroll, of + Carrollton</span></span>”</span>.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">Yet this noble + scion of the Irish race, for so many years the pride and the ornament + of his native state, while fulfilling all the duties of an + illustrious citizen, was not ashamed of the race from which he + sprang. Instead of selecting amongst French <span lang="fr" class= + "tei tei-foreign" xml:lang="fr"><span style= + "font-style: italic">villes</span></span> or English <em class= + "tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">parks</span></em> or + <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style= + "font-style: italic">towns</span></em> a name for his princely + estate, he stamped on it a title with the good old Celtic ring. He + called it after a property of one of his Irish ancestors, + <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Doughoregan + Manor</span></span>, thereby telling his posterity and his countrymen + that if they feel any pride in his name, they must associate him with + a race which so many affect to despise.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">Let all the sons, + and the sons of the sons, of Ireland be, like him, faithful to their + duties as citizens, ready to sacrifice their all for their country, + whether that all be little, or as great as was his vast wealth; just + and respectful and charitable to men of all races and creeds, not + anxious either to conceal or obtrude their own, but rather to live + worthy of both; determined, in a word, faithfully to discharge all + their civil and Christian duties, let them be earnest in elevating + the one by greater fidelity to the other. Acting thus, they will + imitate Charles Carroll, of Carrollton, and fulfil all I would wish + them to do out of fidelity to their country, their religion, and + their race.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">It was also one of + the Maryland stock, but of this same Irish race—another Carroll—who + was chosen the first bishop, and the founder of the hierarchy, of the + young American Church; as if <span class="tei tei-pb" id= + "page078">[pg 078]</span><a name="Pg078" id="Pg078" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> Providence here too wished to indicate from + which race the chief strength of Catholicity was to be derived in + this land.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">Would it be + overstraining matters to say, that a hint of this was also given by + Providence in the Irish name of the future metropolitan see of the + United States—the first in time, and always to be the first in + dignity? The word <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-style: italic">Baltimore</span></span> is an Irish word, and, + through the founder of the colony, was derived from an Irish hamlet, + which from the extreme south-west coast of Ireland, is looking, as it + were, over the waters of the Atlantic to this continent for the full + realization of its name. The word, in the Irish language, means + <span class="tei tei-q">“the town of the great house”</span>, and it + was beyond the Atlantic that Baltimore, in becoming the chief see of + a great church, has truly become <span class="tei tei-q">“the town of + the great house”</span>, for the church, or house at the head of + which it stands, extends probably over a wider surface than any other + church or churches amongst which any one bishop holds pre-eminence, + excepting only the church governed by the Vicar of Jesus Christ, to + whom is committed the care of <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style= + "font-style: italic">all</span></em> the sheep and lambs of God's + fold, that is, the whole of Christ's Church. In names, which God has + given, or permitted to be given, he has frequently foreshadowed the + destinies of individuals and races. Would it be superstitious to + suppose that in the Irish name of this American ecclesiastical + metropolis—the only important city in this country that has an Irish + name—Providence pointed, on the one hand, to its future position in + the Christian hierarchy, and on the other to the character of the + chief portion of the family of that house or church?</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">But, be this as it + may, it was a scion of the Irish race who was the founder of the new + American hierarchy. For some time he held the crozier alone. The + whole country was his diocese. But he did not depart until he saw + suffragans around him forming a regular hierarchy, that was destined + to multiply and, mainly on Irish shoulders, carry, everywhere, the + ark that would spread blessings throughout the land.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">The work that has + thus been commenced is no doubt destined to prosper. It is not + without a motive that in this country the lines are drawn, and the + foundations laid by Providence for a noble church. Its beginnings + (for we may say it is yet in its infancy) bear many of the marks of + the process by which the work was effected, It is destined to grow, + and may it grow, particularly in the mild beauty of Christian virtue, + and win, by love, the homage of all the children of the land, that + all may receive through it the graces of Heaven, and even their + Earthly prosperity be consolidated and become the means of their + acquiring higher blessings.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">But whatever be + said of the United States, the Irish race is <span class="tei tei-pb" + id="page079">[pg 079]</span><a name="Pg079" id="Pg079" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> certainly almost alone in the work of diffusing + Catholicity in the various other countries in which the English + language is spoken.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">The sufferings of + Ireland were, therefore, the means, and evidently intended by God as + the means to preserve her in the faith, to give her its rewards in a + high degree; and this preservation of her faith was as evidently + intended to make her and her sons instruments in spreading that faith + throughout the English-speaking world. This is, therefore, what I + claim to be, in the counsels of God, the <span class= + "tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">destiny of the + Irish Race</span></span>.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">Did we endeavour + to draw this conclusion by far-fetched arguments, we might fear the + delusions of fancy, but I think it is plainly written in the facts to + which I have alluded, when looked at with faith in an overruling + Providence. The diffusion of the true faith enters too closely, and + is too primary a thing in the designs of God, to suppose it for a + moment to be the work of accident. It is his work first of all. Where + it exists it exists because he so willed it. The instruments that + effected it must be those which he has chosen and placed to the work + with this very view. When, therefore, the results obtained, and those + we see in the certain future, and the means by which they are + obtained, are a matter of intuition, rather than of reasoning, the + conclusion drawn seems to me to have all the force of demonstration, + and in no way liable to be considered the product of fancy or of + national pride.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">This + interpretation of the facts of history will, by some, be considered a + complicated theory, and therefore unworthy of God. But the simplicity + of God's operations by no means excludes multiplicity and combination + of agents in themselves most inadequate or discordant. Our + inclination to exclude these, though we imagine the very contrary, is + the result of the consciousness of our own weakness, which we would + fain attribute to God. <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style= + "font-style: italic">We</span></em> may, indeed, be overwhelmed, or + at least embarrassed, by many instruments; and therefore we think it + wise to avoid their use. But, it is as easy for God to use and direct + many as few, or to produce results by his own immediate action. Nay, + though sometimes he performs wonderful works in a moment, he is more + often pleased to act through numerous and far-reaching instruments, + which, at times, seem even to work in opposition to his designs, and + by overruling and directing them, to prove that he is Ruler and + Master over all things in action, as well as the Author of their + being.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">By one word he + made the Earth produce <span class="tei tei-q">“every green + herb”</span> and <span class="tei tei-q">“every fruit-tree yielding + fruit according to its kind”</span>; but he is now pleased to make + the fertility of the earth, and the various ingredients of the air, + and the heat and light of the sun, labour through a whole season to + produce the flower, that for a <span class="tei tei-pb" id= + "page080">[pg 080]</span><a name="Pg080" id="Pg080" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> few days wastes its fragrance on the meadow. At + one time he sends his angel to strike down in one night myriads of + the enemies of his people; at another he is pleased <span class= + "tei tei-q">“to hiss for the fly, that is in the uttermost parts of + the rivers of Egypt, and for the bee that is in the land of + Assyria”</span> (<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-style: italic">Is.</span></span>, vii. 18), that they may come + and be the instruments of his vengeance. At one time he rains down + bread from Heaven to feed a whole multitude; at another, he sends his + angel to take the prophet by the hair of his head from Judea, even + unto Babylon, that he may supply food to his servant.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">It is not for us + to prescribe ways to Providence, but to study His design in the + events which we witness, and to bow down and adore his Power, his + Wisdom, and his Goodness.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">To give power to + an apostate and persecuting nation, and the grace of fidelity to + another; to use and even to create the material resources of the + first as the instrument of his design over the latter, may appear a + circuitous course, but it is only another instance of that unity of + purpose and multiplicity, variety and apparent incongruity of means, + which we witness in almost all his works.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">When the people of + God were carried away into captivity, <span class="tei tei-q">“the + priests took the fire from the altar, and hid it in a valley where + there was a pit without water”</span>. There <span class= + "tei tei-q">“they kept it safe”</span>, while the Gentile hosts + reigned triumphant in the land. But <span class="tei tei-q">“when + many years had passed”</span>, and the people returned, they sought + the fire, but found only <span class="tei tei-q">“thick + water”</span>. This they sprinkled on the new sacrifices that were + prepared, and <span class="tei tei-q">“when the sun shone out, which + before was in a cloud, there was a great fire kindled so that all + wondered”</span>. (II. <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-style: italic">Mach.</span></span>, i. 19, 22).</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">An analogous + phenomenon, methinks, has been presented in Ireland. That combination + of frenzy and irreligion, which men have called <span class= + "tei tei-q">“The Reformation”</span>, swept before it almost every + vestige of faith from many of the northern countries of Europe, and + seemed in a special manner to have enveloped in darkness the islands + of the West. Men were like <span class="tei tei-q">“raging waves of + the sea, foaming out their own confusion”</span>, boasting of liberty + and light, but treating the faithful with savage cruelty, and showing + their own inability to hold fast any positive principles which they + proclaimed as truth. The ancient faith of these islands, overwhelmed + in the waters of tribulation, seemed hidden in the hearts of the + Irish people, saddened by persecution and sufferings of every + kind.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">But the day has + come for pouring forth this water on nations. By their sufferings, + the Irish race, driven into many lands, mingles with the progeny of + its oppressors. The sun of God's grace, which seems under a cloud, is + now shining forth, and a great <span class="tei tei-pb" id= + "page081">[pg 081]</span><a name="Pg081" id="Pg081" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> fire is enkindled and is spreading its light + and its heat far and near. The Church of God is everywhere showing + itself again in its pristine beauty. English-speaking nations that + were the ramparts of heresy, are beginning again to fall into the + ranks of Catholic unity, and, as happened once before, the light of + faith that took refuge in the most distant island of the West, is, + from that sacred spot, sending forth its beams and gladdening the + Church by giving her whole people as her children.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">So far we are led, + I may say, by the mere logic of facts. Were we to indulge in + speculation, but in a speculation quite in conformity with the + beneficent designs of God, we might expect still more from these + effects of the steadfastness of Ireland.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">Notwithstanding + all the faults of England, the Catholic heart throughout the world + has never lost its interest in that land, once so faithful. Other + nations, once as Catholic, have been lost, and they are almost + forgotten. The land where the Saviour Himself lived is, indeed, + remembered on account of the sacred spots which he trod; but no hopes + are entertained for the conversion of its people. The Churches + planted by the Apostles have been destroyed. We cherish the memory of + the holy confessors and martyrs who adorned them; but despair of + their return to the truth is the only feeling in their regard that we + can discover in the Catholic world.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">But in one way or + another the Catholic heart seems never to have despaired of the + return of England. Opinions and expectations which are, probably, + nothing more than an expression of the intensity of this feeling, are + everywhere to be met. They exist among the learned and the high, as + well as amongst the humble children of the Church, and are found to + be cherished in different lands. England, with her long catalogue of + saints, seems to be considered, not as an outcast, on whom the + sentence of spiritual death has been executed, but rather as the + prodigal, who in a moment of thoughtlessness demanded, what he called + his own share, and wandered from his father's house. The father is + looking out, expecting every day to see the wayward one return, and + is ever ready to kill the fatted calf, and to call on his friends and + neighbours to rejoice and be merry, for <span class="tei tei-q">“he + that was dead is come to life again, and he that was lost is + found”</span>.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">But, alas! there + is much reason to fear that such joy is not to be expected. We know + of no instance of a whole nation once fully and deliberately + apostatising from the faith ever again returning. The grace of faith, + if lost by individuals by formal apostacy, is seldom recovered. It + has never yet been recovered by any nation that once enjoyed its full + light, and deliberately abandoned it. It is not for us, to be sure, + to place bounds to the mercies of God. Who knows but that in these + latter ages God <span class="tei tei-pb" id="page082">[pg + 082]</span><a name="Pg082" id="Pg082" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> may + do a work which he never did before? and, now that the Church has + encircled the globe, and announced the Gospel to every nation under + the sun, God may send her back on another mission more glorious than + the first, showing forth his power in giving new life to fallen + nations as he did before in converting those who knew not his name. + His first work might be compared to that which he performed when he + took the clay and breathed into it the breath of life; this, to his + raising up the dead already mouldering in the tomb. But he has done + both in the physical, and he may do both in the moral order.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">Without having + recourse, however, to this extraordinary dispensation, the hope of + which would be unwarranted by anything we have yet seen, may not the + hopes to which I have alluded, and which could scarcely have existed + without some influence of the divine Spouse of the Church, be + realized in the conversion of the children, rather than in that of + the mother? May not the expectations of the Catholic world be + realized by a return of English-speaking brethren in the various + colonies which the mother country has planted? May <em class= + "tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">they</span></em> not + receive the graces which the latter has cast away, and thus more than + compensate the Church for the loss of that one island?</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">Such results would + be no anomaly in the experience of the Church. Several nations first + learned Christianity under a heterodox form, and some of the most + Catholic to-day are their descendants. Their errors were not their + own faults, <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style= + "font-style: italic">as nations</span></em>, and God had pity upon + them.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">We may say the + same thing of this, and of several other countries, where great and + independent peoples will be found one day as they now are here. This + nation has never apostatised from Catholic truth, simply because it + never possessed it <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-style: italic">as a nation</span></span>. At its birth it was + already entangled in the meshes of heterodoxy, and it found the + Catholic Church in its midst, with few adherents. Yet, at its very + birth, it struck off the shackles by which she was bound. Several + circumstances, it is true, aided this course of justice. But, who + will say that these existed otherwise than by God's Providence, and + for the nation's benefit, as well as for ours? This course of + justice, moreover, was adopted cordially and fully by the founders of + the country's independence, and that at a time when the Church was so + treated by few even of those nations on whom she had the best claims. + Bigots, it is true, were not wanting, then, or since. But it is a + great fact, that this nation, <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style= + "font-style: italic">as a nation</span></em> and as a Government, has + always, since its birth, treated God's Church with justice.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">A cup of cold + water, given in the name of Christ, shall not be without its reward. + Do we exaggerate in hoping that this mode of proceeding towards his + Church shall have its reward from her <span class="tei tei-pb" id= + "page083">[pg 083]</span><a name="Pg083" id="Pg083" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> Heavenly Spouse—that it will plead for this + nation with the Divine Mercy, as the alms of Cornelius obtained for + him the knowledge of Gospel truth and a share in its blessings? The + grace of faith, with these blessings, is the greatest which God gives + to man, nor is it the less valuable because it is not now appreciated + or is even spurned. It is God's grace that gives a hunger for divine + things, as it is by Him that the hungry are filled.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">Yes, I do not only + desire, and send up the prayer, but I candidly avow the hope, that + the light of faith is yet destined to shine brightly here, even + amongst those who now look on it with contempt or hostility. In this + I am strengthened by the desire for a knowledge of truth, which, + notwithstanding the bigotry of many, is so widely spread. I am + strengthened by the growth of the Church itself, which bears the + marks of a higher purpose on the part of God than the mere + preservation of those who came Catholics to our shores. I am + strengthened by the very losses which the Church sustains in the + falling away of many of her children. For surely God did not permit + them to be driven hither by persecution that they might perish. He + sent them forth to battle, in doing which, though many may be lost, + he will grant victory to his own cause. I am strengthened by the very + dangers by which we are surrounded; nor would my hope be shaken even + if storms should impend. For it is according to the ways of God to + reach his ends amidst contradictions.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">Let it not be said + that the humble condition or the faults of many of the children of + the Church, forbid such a hope as this. God's ways are not as our + ways. It is not by the great or by the mighty that his truth is + propagated. Flesh might otherwise glory in His sight, and men might + say that, by their wisdom and their efforts was His kingdom + established. So far from this being an objection, when other things + inspire hope, the hope is strengthened by the humble form in which + the Church presents itself. Our hope of its diffusion is better + founded when we see it borne to our shores by humble labourers, than + if it had come recommended exclusively by proud philosophers, cunning + statesmen, or by men loaded with wealth.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">What we hope for + this nation, we may hope with greater reason for the other nations + yet reposing in their infancy, or growing in giant proportions under + British rule. I say, with greater reason, because in most of these + the foundations of Catholicity are laid even more deeply than they + are here. While it would be a great thing for God's honour and glory, + there is nothing to forbid the hope that these may one day be united + in the true fold of the everlasting Church. The blood of Ireland and + of England will mingle in their veins; and, while they will look back + with shame on the apostacy of the sixteenth century, as a disgraceful + chapter <span class="tei tei-pb" id="page084">[pg 084]</span><a name= + "Pg084" id="Pg084" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> in the history of + their forefathers, they will glory in the recollections of the saints + and the heroes of religion who, for a thousand years, adorned both + their mother countries. With feelings analogous to those with which + we look back to the tyrants of the first centuries and their victims, + they will set off the martyr heroes of one portion of their ancestors + to the apostacy of the other, and the apostasy itself will be, in + their history, but an episode proving how far human nature may stray, + while their own conversion will be a standing monument of the power + of the cross.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">If these hopes be + realized, the Irish race and its sufferings will have been the + instruments in the hands of God by which the grand result will be + accomplished; but whether they be realized or not, the main point + which I have endeavoured to dwell upon seems to me to be established + beyond doubt—that is, that this race has been preserved by God in the + true faith in an extraordinary manner, for the purpose of spreading + that faith throughout the English-speaking nations which now exist, + or which are coming into being.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">As Ireland owes + the preservation of her faith to her being destined as the leaven of + that mass, it is but assigning to God a purpose worthy of His + goodness to say, that England owes her power to her mission to spread + that leaven throughout so many vast regions. It will not, I presume, + be considered rash to say that God, permitting her to acquire power, + proposed to himself some higher object than that other nations should + have cheap cotton or woollen fabrics, or that they should learn how + to travel forty instead of four or ten miles an hour. In his goodness + he designed that power for some purpose worthy of Heaven; and this + purpose may be accomplished whether England herself will it or not, + or even though she desire the very contrary. I have said before, that + most learned and grave writers consider the Roman power to have been + intended, in the counsels of God, to prepare a way for the diffusion + of the Gospel. The rulers of Rome despised the Gospel and its + heralds. Still Rome most probably owed to them her greatness, and but + for this mission, she might have remained what she was in the + beginning—an obscure village, a place of refuge for the thieves of + the surrounding country. England may despise the Irish Catholic. Like + Rome, she may look upon the professors of Catholicity as the great + plague-spot of her system. Yet, in the designs of God, she most + probably is indebted for her power to the part she is made to act in + the diffusion of their faith. It is certain, at least, that the + highest use of that power she has yet been allowed to make, is the + carrying of frieze-coated Papists to distant shores, and the clearing + of the forests where they are propagating, and are yet to propagate + more extensively, <span class="tei tei-pb" id="page085">[pg + 085]</span><a name="Pg085" id="Pg085" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> the + true faith. If a higher design in her behalf exist in the + arrangements of Providence, it is yet to be made known. But for this + she might have remained, as the poet described her, <span class= + "tei tei-q">“a naked fisher”</span> on her rock, and when she shall + have ended her usefulness as an instrument for accomplishing this + object, she may return <span class="tei tei-q">“to her hook”</span>, + still musing, perhaps, her senseless <span class="tei tei-q">“No + Popery”</span>, while the churches which she has unwillingly assisted + to plant, will be growing up in beauty and praising God in one + harmonious voice with the other children of his family throughout the + world.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">The value and + importance of this great mission cannot be overrated. It is awful to + think what would have been the condition of the English-speaking + races, in a religious point of view, if Ireland had shared in the + English apostacy. Scarcely a Catholic voice would be heard amongst + those seventy or eighty millions now using that language, who occupy + so large a portion of the Earth, and in another century, according to + the ratio of their growth, may become two or four hundred millions, + or even more. The very remnant that has continued faithful in England + might have followed in the wake of their predecessors, had not the + influence of Ireland caused the sword of persecution to be sheathed, + and civil intolerance to cease at last, and thus the temptation to be + removed which had proved fatal to so many. In that vast empire, or + the empires that may rise out of its fragments—for, in more than one + place are foundations of empires laid which would grow with giant + growth, even though the power of the mother country were paralysed + to-morrow—the holy sacrifice would not be offered up, and thus the + prophecy not fulfilled, which foretold that a clean oblation would be + offered from the rising of the sun to the going down thereof. That + union of the Christian family for which the Saviour prayed before he + suffered, and which he left as a mark by which men would know his + followers, would not be exhibited to the world. Christianity would be + confounded with the products of these latter ages of so-called + <span class="tei tei-q">“light”</span>, and be thought, like the + appliances of steam and the contrivances of machinery, to owe its + power to the genius of the Anglo-Saxon race, instead of deriving it + from Him who died on Calvary. For their Christianity, by its very + name, would proclaim that the work of Christ had failed, until the + press and the <span class="tei tei-q">“march of light”</span> had + come to its aid. Religion, in a word, instead of being a divine + institution, would appear and be amongst them but a brilliant work or + invention of man, and, therefore, in the supernatural order, but a + brilliant delusion, not an institution which the mercy of God + transplanted from Heaven, and made to stand, and to grow, and to + bless, and produce fruit, in every age and in every form of + society.</p><span class="tei tei-pb" id="page086">[pg + 086]</span><a name="Pg086" id="Pg086" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">But, in preserving + the faith of the Irish race, God has provided a leaven of truth for + these masses. By the side of systems of religion which men have + devised, stands the everlasting Church—that Church which, as Macaulay + remarked, is the only connecting link between the civilization of the + ancient and modern worlds—the Church which taught the name of Christ + to every nation that knows him, even to those who afterwards fell + from the fullness of truth—the Church which Augustine brought to + England, and Patrick to Ireland—the Church that raised the dignity of + the poor, and humbled the pride of the high, placing all on the level + of the Gospel—the Church that claims no new inventions, but is itself + an invention of God, infinitely surpassing all inventions of man, + holding out nothing to the nineteenth, which it did not present to + the first, to the tenth, and to every other century, but presenting + to all the faith and institutions of God, able to save all, to + elevate all, to bring all into one fold, that all may be united in + one happiness in Heaven.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">Is not this great + result worth all the sufferings which Ireland has endured? The ways + of God appear often circuitous. But in their circuitous course they + are everywhere fraught with blessings. The children of Ireland + suffered; yet, even in their sufferings they were blessed. He himself + pronounced <span class="tei tei-q">“blessed those who suffer + persecution for justice's sake”</span>; for in their trials they + redeemed their own souls. But they were doubly blessed, because they + were preserving the ark of God, and carrying it through the waters of + tribulation to bless more amply unborn and numerous generations. The + ways of God are circuitous, and though, like the course of the + planets, they sometimes seem to us to retrograde, they are always + onward. The sufferings of Ireland at a time seemed without a purpose, + or even the very contrary to what we might have expected for so + faithful a people. But, who knows what might have been the result, if + justice and humanity had marked the course of the English nation + towards Ireland? Who knows but the temptation to the latter to be + drawn into apostacy would have been too powerful? Had Apostate + England dealt generously or justly with Catholic Ireland, who knows + if, in the alliances that would have been formed, she would have been + equally steadfast in her faith? And though for a long time + confiscations, and plunder, and persecution, and slaughter, and even + now, harsh treatment condemning her sons to famine and banishment, + have been the effects of the English connection; if these have been + the means of creating a barrier that prevented the spread of heresy + amongst her sons, has too great a price been paid for the + <span class="tei tei-q">“pearl”</span> that has been bought? When, + particularly, the cross borne by the children of Ireland shall have + been erected in the Western and Southern <span class="tei tei-pb" id= + "page087">[pg 087]</span><a name="Pg087" id="Pg087" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> Hemispheres, and flourishing Churches in + Catholic unity established under its shade, where, but for the + fidelity of our fathers, heterodoxy alone would have had sway, shall + we not say that little indeed were their sufferings compared to the + value of such an Apostolate of Empires?</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">What is any + Earthly mission compared to this? What is even the spreading of + civilization with its highest privileges, compared to the spreading + of the saving institutions of the Gospel? Even in this world virtue + is a thing infinitely superior to mere physical power. The man who + does God's will, whose soul is adorned with grace, is an object of + complacency with his Maker, and enjoys his esteem infinitely more, + than he who can control the hidden powers of nature, and make them + subservient to his will, but does not make his own will conform to + the great law that should govern it—subjection to the will of God. + When Earth, and all that is of Earth, shall have passed away, the + proudest human achievements will be seen to have been as nothing, + while those who shall have caused God's name to be glorified, shall + shine as bright stars <span class="tei tei-q">“unto perpetual + eternities”</span>.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">This mission, + however, has its duties as well as its dignity. What will it avail us + to be the sons of martyred sires who sacrificed all for God, if we + barter the faith for which they died, for some paltry bauble, or fail + to transmit it to those under our charge? Will not the constancy and + sufferings of our fathers be a reproach to us before God and man? + Will they not pronounce judgment upon us if, while we honour their + heroic deeds, we ourselves display nothing but pusillanimity? And + even though we preserve our faith, will not this be rather to our + shame, if we do not endeavour to practise the virtues which it + teaches? When the salt has lost its savour, it is good for nothing + any more but to be cast out, and to be trodden on by men. The higher + the vocation of God, the lower will be the degradation of those who + fail to correspond. They will be despised, and justly despised, by + God and by men.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">We can see in the + fate of other nations the consequences of infidelity to a noble + mission. Spain and Portugal were once great powers. They achieved + great things at home and abroad. The sails of their commerce whitened + every sea. The most distant lands acknowledged their might. They, + too, were missionary nations. They carried the faith to the East and + to the West, and in both hemispheres planted the cross on continents + and islands where Christ was before unknown. God may be said to have + given them power for this purpose. It was mainly through their agency + that the missionary work, which repaired the losses of the Church in + Europe, was carried on for two hundred years.</p><span class= + "tei tei-pb" id="page088">[pg 088]</span><a name="Pg088" id="Pg088" + class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">But the rulers of + these countries listened to wicked counsels. On <em class= + "tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">one and the + same</span></em> dark day did Spain, on another did Portugal, command + the most strenuous heralds of the cross to be seized and bound in + chains. The galleons that were wont to bear over the deep the + treasures of Asia and America, and pour them into the laps of the + mother countries, or to carry their commands and the means of + enforcing them to the most distant lands, were now spreading their + sails over every ocean and sea, in the inglorious work of conveying + to home prisons, or into exile, the truest missionaries of the cross. + On that day these nations renounced their noble mission, and the + power that was given to enable them to carry it out soon + departed.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">The immediate + agencies producing their downfall, as well as those that gave rise to + their power, may, indeed, be seen in operation before the existence + of the causes to which I have attributed them, but not before these + were known to God. Now, he frequently prepares, by a long process, + the instruments both of his rewards and his punishments, and holds + them ready to be conferred on the virtuous, or poured forth on the + head of the criminal, long before the fidelity of the one be tested, + or the guilt of the other be consummated. Spain and Portugal thus + fell, if you will, by immediate agencies long in operation, but by + agencies over which God ruled, and which He directed according to his + own wise counsels. They fell, and in their humbled condition, mocked + by the remains of ancient greatness, they teach all the important + lesson, that the greater the high calling given by God, the greater + the punishment of those who prove untrue.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">Were we also to + prove faithless to the mission which God has assigned us, we know not + what punishment may await us, even in this world. The trials through + which our race has passed, and is passing, may seem severe; but, they + are trials permitted by a loving father. May we never deserve that he + should scourge us in his <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style= + "font-style: italic">great</span></em> anger. We might then find, + like the Jewish people, that to suffer for righteousness' sake from + the hands of men, is sweet, compared to the gall and wormwood mixed + in the cup of those who fall into the hands of an avenging God.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">On this day, when + the Church calls on us to commemorate the heroic virtues and the + glorious deeds of our great Apostle, I would fain say to every son of + Ireland—to every one in whose veins Irish blood flows, no matter + where he himself was born: Let us live worthy of our ancestry, of an + ancestry which is the same for all, and is a noble one, noble in that + which is the noblest thing man can rejoice in—virtue and fidelity to + God. We ourselves are called in a special manner to do honour to our + faith by spreading it amongst nations that are destined to + <span class="tei tei-pb" id="page089">[pg 089]</span><a name="Pg089" + id="Pg089" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> occupy the highest position in + the social scale. Let us be faithful to our calling. Let us show + ourselves worthy sons of the martyred dead. Let us make sure, like + them, whatever else we fail in, not to fail in transmitting the faith + to those entrusted to our charge, never exposing it to danger for any + advantage, much less for the trifling things that may be gained here + by want of fidelity. Transmit, carefully, the faith, first of all, + but with faith spare no effort that you yourselves, and those + committed to your care, grow also in every other virtue. Nay, + endeavour so to live that <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style= + "font-style: italic">all men</span></em> may learn to love the faith + which is the spring of your actions, and thus glorify and love that + God who is the <span class="tei tei-q">“Author and Finisher”</span> + of that Faith.</p> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-div" style= + "margin-bottom: 5.00em; margin-top: 5.00em"> + <a name="toc13" id="toc13"></a> <a name="pdf14" id="pdf14"></a> + + <h1 class="tei tei-head" style= + "text-align: left; margin-bottom: 3.46em; margin-top: 3.46em"> + <span style="font-size: 173%">Liturgical Questions. + (</span><span class="tei tei-hi" style= + "text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 173%; font-style: italic">From + M. Bouix's</span> <span class="tei tei-q" style= + "text-align: left"><span style= + "font-size: 173%; font-style: italic">“</span><span style= + "font-size: 173%; font-style: italic">Revue des Sciences + Ecclesiastiques</span><span style= + "font-size: 173%; font-style: italic">”</span></span></span><span style="font-size: 173%">).</span></h1> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">1. Is it lawful or + obligatory to insert, at the letter N, in the collect <span class= + "tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">A + cunctis</span></span>, the name of the patron of the locality (if + there be one) when the titular of the church is the Blessed Virgin or + a mystery of our Saviour?</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">2. Is it right to + place on the corner of the altar the finger-towel, which in some + churches is fastened to the altar-cloth, from which it hangs + suspended?</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">3. Is there any + obligation to ring the bell at the Sanctus and at the Elevation, even + when there is no one at Mass?</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">4. Is it lawful + for a priest to use a cincture of the kind generally used by + bishops?</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">1. The name of the + titular of the church in which the Mass is said is that which ought + to be inserted at the letter N in the collect <span class= + "tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">A + cunctis</span></span>. In the application of this general rule + various cases may occur; the title may be a mystery of our Lord or of + our Blessed Lady; or it may be a saint already named in the + collect—for example, Saint Peter or Saint Paul; or Mass may be said + in an oratory which has no titular saint. The following are the rules + to be observed in such cases:</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">1<span class= + "tei tei-hi"><span style="vertical-align: super">o</span></span>. + That it is the name of the titular saint which is to be inserted at + the letter N is clear from the following decrees:</p> + + <div class="block tei tei-quote" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.80em; margin-left: 3.60em; margin-top: 1.80em; margin-right: 3.60em"> + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.90em"><span style= + "font-size: 90%">1</span> <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-size: 90%; font-variant: small-caps">Decree</span></span><span style="font-size: 90%">.</span> + <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-size: 90%; font-style: italic">Question.</span></span> + <span class="tei tei-q"><span style= + "font-size: 90%">“</span><span style="font-size: 90%">In missali + romano praecipitur, ut post nomina Apostolorum Petri et Pauli, in + oratione</span> <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-size: 90%; font-style: italic">A + cunctis</span></span><span style="font-size: 90%">, etc., dicatur + nomen patroni praecipui illius ecclesiae, seu diocesis. In Hispania + est praecipuus illius regni patronus B. Jacobus apostolus et ex + concessione Apostolica in ecclesia dioecesi Guadicensi est patronus + specialis S. Torquatus, B. Jacobi apostoli discipulus, et ejusdem + ecclesiae</span> <span class="tei tei-pb" id="page090">[pg + 090]</span><a name="Pg090" id="Pg090" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a><span style="font-size: 90%">et civitatis + primus episcopus. Quaeritur: An in praedicta oratione</span> + <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-size: 90%; font-style: italic">A cunctis</span></span> + <span style="font-size: 90%">debeat dici nomen B. Jacobi apostoli, + an B. Torquati?</span><span style="font-size: 90%">”</span></span> + <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-size: 90%; font-style: italic">Answer.</span></span> + <span class="tei tei-q"><span style= + "font-size: 90%">“</span><span style="font-size: 90%">In + oratione</span> <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-size: 90%; font-style: italic">A cunctis</span></span> + <span style="font-size: 90%">post nomina sanctorum apostolorum + Petri et Pauli, nomen Torquati tanquam Ecclesiae cathedralis + Guadicensis Patroni dumtaxat ponendum esse</span><span style= + "font-size: 90%">”</span></span><span style="font-size: 90%">. + (Decree of 22 January, 1678, No. 2856, q. 8.)</span></p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.90em"><span style= + "font-size: 90%">2</span> <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-size: 90%; font-variant: small-caps">Decree</span></span><span style="font-size: 90%">.</span> + <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-size: 90%; font-style: italic">Questions.</span></span> + <span class="tei tei-q"><span style= + "font-size: 90%">“</span><span style="font-size: 90%">... 15. S. + Jacobus est patronus universalis regnorum Hispaniae, sancti vero + martyres Stemeterius et Caledonius fratres sunt patroni + particulares ecclesiae cathedralis, et totius dioecesis + Santanderiensis rite electi, et novissime approbati a S. R. C. + Quaeritur igitur: Quis ex his patronis debeat nominari ... in + oratione</span> <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-size: 90%; font-style: italic">A + cunctis</span></span><span style="font-size: 90%">, quando in + missis haec oratio dicitur in ecclesia matrice et in caeteris + dioecesis? 16. In casu, quo ob dignitatis praestantiam nominari + debeat S. Jacobus, quaeritur an ... exprimi etiam possint nomina + SS. Stemeterii et Caledonii in praedicta oratione ..., praecipue in + ecclesia matrice ubi sacra eorum capita ... venerantur? Et si + negative, supplicatur pro gratia ad promovendum cultum qui ipsos + decet in ecclesia cathedrali ac tota dioecesi ratione sui + specialissimi patronatus</span><span style= + "font-size: 90%">”</span></span><span style= + "font-size: 90%">.</span> <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-size: 90%; font-style: italic">Answer.</span></span> + <span class="tei tei-q"><span style= + "font-size: 90%">“</span><span style="font-size: 90%">Ad 15. In + qualibet ecclesia nominandum esse patronum seu titularem proprium + ejusdem ecclesiae. Ad 16. Provisum in + praecedenti</span><span style="font-size: 90%">”</span></span><span style="font-size: 90%">. + (Decree of 23 January, 1793, No. 4448, q. 15 and 16.)</span></p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.90em"><span style= + "font-size: 90%">3</span> <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-size: 90%; font-variant: small-caps">Decree</span></span><span style="font-size: 90%">.</span> + <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-size: 90%; font-style: italic">Question.</span></span> + <span class="tei tei-q"><span style= + "font-size: 90%">“</span><span style="font-size: 90%">An patronus + nominandus in oratione</span> <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-size: 90%; font-style: italic">A cunctis</span></span> + <span style="font-size: 90%">intelligi debeat patronus principalis + loci?</span><span style="font-size: 90%">”</span></span> + <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-size: 90%; font-style: italic">Answer.</span></span> + <span class="tei tei-q"><span style= + "font-size: 90%">“</span><span style="font-size: 90%">Nominandus + titularis Ecclesiae</span><span style= + "font-size: 90%">”</span></span><span style="font-size: 90%">. + (Decree of 12 November, 1831, No. 4669, q. 31.)</span></p> + </div> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">2<span class= + "tei tei-hi"><span style="vertical-align: super">o</span></span>. If + the titular of the church has been already named in the collect + <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">A + cunctis</span></span>, no name is to be inserted at the letter N. The + same holds if the Mass happens to be that of the same saint. This + rule depends on the following decision:</p> + + <div class="block tei tei-quote" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.80em; margin-left: 3.60em; margin-top: 1.80em; margin-right: 3.60em"> + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.90em"><span class= + "tei tei-q"><span style="font-size: 90%">“</span><span style= + "font-size: 90%">Quis nominandus sit ad litteram N. si patronus vel + titularis jam nominatus sit in illa oratione, aut de eo celebrata sit + missa?</span><span style="font-size: 90%">”</span></span> + <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-size: 90%; font-style: italic">Answer.</span></span> + <span class="tei tei-q"><span style= + "font-size: 90%">“</span><span style="font-size: 90%">Si jam fuerit + nominatus omittenda nova nominatio</span><span style= + "font-size: 90%">”</span></span><span style="font-size: 90%">. + (Ibid.)</span></p> + </div> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">3<span class= + "tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">o</span></span>. If the + oratory in which the Mass is said have no titular saint, the name of + the patron of the locality is to be inserted. This rule is proved + from a decree of 12th December, 1840, No. 4897, No. 2:</p> + + <div class="block tei tei-quote" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.80em; margin-left: 3.60em; margin-top: 1.80em; margin-right: 3.60em"> + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.90em"><span class= + "tei tei-q"><span style="font-size: 90%">“</span><span style= + "font-size: 90%">Sacerdos celebrans in oratorio publico vel privato + quod non habet sanctum patronum vel titularem, an debeat in + oratione</span> <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-size: 90%; font-style: italic">A cunctis</span></span> + <span style="font-size: 90%">ad litteram N. nominare sanctum patronum + vel titularem ecclesiae parochialis intra cujus limites sita sunt + oratoria, vel sanctum patronum ecclesiae cui adscriptus est, vel + potius omnem ulteriorem nominationem omittere?</span><span style= + "font-size: 90%">”</span></span> <span class= + "tei tei-hi"><span style="font-size: 90%; font-style: italic">Answer.</span></span> + <span class="tei tei-q"><span style= + "font-size: 90%">“</span><span style="font-size: 90%">Patronum + civitatis, vel loci nominandum esse</span><span style= + "font-size: 90%">”</span></span><span style= + "font-size: 90%">.</span></p> + </div> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">4<span class= + "tei tei-hi"><span style="vertical-align: super">o</span></span>. If + the titular of the church be a mystery of the life of our Lord, or of + our Lady, authors differ in opinion whether the name of the patron of + the locality is to be inserted at the letter <span class="tei tei-pb" + id="page091">[pg 091]</span><a name="Pg091" id="Pg091" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> N, or whether no addition should be made. M. de + Conny is for the latter opinion, and his authority is a safe guide + for us. The second rule we have laid down is sufficient to show that + no name is to be inserted in cases where the title of the church is a + mystery of the Blessed Virgin, seeing that the august Mother of God + is always named in the body of the prayer. The words of the + conclusion are enough perhaps to excuse from the obligation of naming + the patron of the locality in cases where the church is dedicated to + a mystery of the life of our Lord.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">2. The usage here + alluded to is not only not becoming, but it is also contrary to the + Rubric of the Missal. (part i., tit. xx.):</p> + + <div class="block tei tei-quote" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.80em; margin-left: 3.60em; margin-top: 1.80em; margin-right: 3.60em"> + <span class="tei tei-q"><span style= + "font-size: 90%">“</span><span style="font-size: 90%">Ab eadem parte + epistolae ... ampullae vitreae vini et aquae, cum pelvicula et + manutergio mundo in fenestella, seu in parva mensa ad haec + praeparata. Super altare nihil omnino ponatur, quod ad Missae + sacrificium vel ipsius altaris ornatum non + pertineat</span><span style= + "font-size: 90%">”</span></span><span style="font-size: 90%">.</span> + </div> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">3. The sole reason + for ringing a bell at Mass is to give a signal to the faithful. + <span class="tei tei-q">“Ad excitandos circumstantes”</span>, says + Gavantus (t. i. part i., tit. XX., l. c.), <span class= + "tei tei-q">“ad laetitiam exprimendam et ad cultum sanctissimi + Sacramenti adhibetur campanula”</span>. Other writers coincide with + this opinion. It seems but natural, therefore, not to ring the bell + when there are no assistants present, and when there is no need of + any signal. Besides, it is clearly the teaching of authors, and even + of the Sacred Congregation of Rites, that whenever a signal is not + required, the bell is not to be rung. Thus, the following decision + forbids the bell to be rung during the celebration of the divine + office in the choir, at least in certain circumstances:</p> + + <div class="block tei tei-quote" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.80em; margin-left: 3.60em; margin-top: 1.80em; margin-right: 3.60em"> + <span class="tei tei-q"><span style= + "font-size: 90%">“</span><span style="font-size: 90%">Exposito in S. + R. C. ecclesiam collegiatam civitatis Senarum habere chorum adeo + subjectum oculis populi, et tali loco positum, ut canonici dicto + choro pro divinis celebrandis, et praecipue Missae cantatae + assistentibus, omnino altaria ejusdem coliegiatae pernecesse + inspiciantur, et exposito quoque tempore, quo canonici choro ut supra + assistunt, consuevisse in dictis altaribus celebrari Missas privatas + et sine scandalo prohiberi non posse: ideo supplicatum fuit pro + declaratione: an ipsi canonici in elevationibus quae fiunt in Missis + privatis, genuflectere teneantur?</span><span style= + "font-size: 90%">”</span></span> <span class= + "tei tei-hi"><span style="font-size: 90%; font-style: italic">Answer.</span></span> + <span class="tei tei-q"><span style= + "font-size: 90%">“</span><span style="font-size: 90%">Non esse + genuflectendum, ne sacra, quibus assistunt, per actum privatum + interrumpantur, sed ad evitandum scandalum, quod in populo et + adstantibus causari possit ob non genuflectionem esse omittendam + pulsationem campanulae in elevatione Sanctissimi, in dictis Missis + privatis.</span><span style="font-size: 90%">”</span></span> + <span style="font-size: 90%">(Decret of 5 March 1667, No. + 2397.)</span> + </div> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">Nor, as a general + rule, is the bell rung when the Blessed Sacrament is exposed, for + then it is unnecessary to summon the faithful to adore the Eucharist. + <span class="tei tei-q">“During the private Masses”</span>, says the + <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Instructio + Clementina</span></span>, <span class="tei tei-q">“that are + celebrated during the exposition, the bell is not to be rung”</span>. + Cavalieri, commenting on this passage, <span class="tei tei-pb" id= + "page092">[pg 092]</span><a name="Pg092" id="Pg092" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> says: <span class="tei tei-q">“Ex rubricarum + praescripto ... interdicuntur”</span>. He is of opinion that this + rule of the <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-style: italic">Instructio</span></span> regards only low + Masses, but Gardellini holds that it refers also to High Masses:</p> + + <div class="block tei tei-quote" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.80em; margin-left: 3.60em; margin-top: 1.80em; margin-right: 3.60em"> + <span class="tei tei-q"><span style= + "font-size: 90%">“</span><span style="font-size: 90%">Non erat, cur + instructio etiam Missas solemnes commemoraret, pro quibus Rubrica, + non jubet, ut in privatis, eadem pulsari ad finem prefationis, et ad + elevationem Sacramenti. Romae saltem in majoribus ecclesiis obtinet + mos etiam non pulsandi, praeterquam in Missis solemnibus pro + defunctis: gravis organorum sonitus supplet vices tintinnabuli, et + populi adstantis excitat attentionem</span><span style= + "font-size: 90%">”</span></span><span style="font-size: 90%">.</span> + </div> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">From all this it + is clear that the bell is not to be rung whenever there is no signal + to be given. This is certainly the case when there is no one to + assist at Mass.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">4. The cincture + for the use of a priest does not differ from that for the use of a + bishop. It may be made either of linen thread or silk, but it is + better that it should be of linen. It may be either white or of the + colour of the vestments. These rules are drawn from two decrees of + the Sacred Congregation:</p> + + <div class="block tei tei-quote" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.80em; margin-left: 3.60em; margin-top: 1.80em; margin-right: 3.60em"> + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.90em"><span style= + "font-size: 90%">1</span> <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-size: 90%; font-variant: small-caps">Decree</span></span><span style="font-size: 90%">.</span> + <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-size: 90%; font-style: italic">Question.</span></span> + <span class="tei tei-q"><span style= + "font-size: 90%">“</span><span style="font-size: 90%">An sacerdotes + in sacrificio Missae uti possint cingulo serico?</span><span style= + "font-size: 90%">”</span></span> <span class= + "tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-size: 90%; font-style: italic">Answer.</span></span> + <span class="tei tei-q"><span style= + "font-size: 90%">“</span><span style="font-size: 90%">Congruentius + uti cingulo lineo</span><span style= + "font-size: 90%">”</span></span><span style="font-size: 90%">. (22 + Jan. 1701, No. 3575, q. 7.)</span></p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.90em"><span style= + "font-size: 90%">2</span> <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-size: 90%; font-variant: small-caps">Decree</span></span><span style="font-size: 90%">.</span> + <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-size: 90%; font-style: italic">Question.</span></span> + <span class="tei tei-q"><span style= + "font-size: 90%">“</span><span style="font-size: 90%">An cingulum, + tertium indumentum sacerdotale, possit esse colons paramentorum; an + necessario debeat esse album?</span><span style= + "font-size: 90%">”</span></span> <span class= + "tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-size: 90%; font-style: italic">Answer.</span></span> + <span class="tei tei-q"><span style= + "font-size: 90%">“</span><span style="font-size: 90%">Posse uti + cingulo colore paramentorum</span><span style= + "font-size: 90%">”</span></span><span style="font-size: 90%">—(8 + Jun. 1709, No. 3809, q. 4.)</span></p> + </div> + </div><span class="tei tei-pb" id="page093">[pg 093]</span><a name= + "Pg093" id="Pg093" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + <hr class="page" /> + + <div class="tei tei-div" style= + "margin-bottom: 5.00em; margin-top: 5.00em"> + <a name="toc15" id="toc15"></a> <a name="pdf16" id="pdf16"></a> + + <h1 class="tei tei-head" style= + "text-align: left; margin-bottom: 3.46em; margin-top: 3.46em"> + <span style="font-size: 173%">Documents.</span></h1> + + <div class="tei tei-div" style= + "margin-bottom: 4.00em; margin-top: 4.00em"> + <a name="toc17" id="toc17"></a> <a name="pdf18" id="pdf18"></a> + + <h2 class="tei tei-head" style= + "text-align: left; margin-bottom: 2.88em; margin-top: 2.88em"> + <span style="font-size: 144%">I. Condemnation Of Dr. Froschammer's + Works.</span></h2> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">Venerabili + Fratri Gregorio Archiepiscopo</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">Monacensi Et + Frisingensi</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">Pius PP. IX.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">Venerabilis + Frater, Salutem et Apostolicam Benedictionem. Gravissimas inter + acerbitates, quibus undique premimur, in hac tanta temporum + perturbatione et iniquitate vehementer dolemus, cum noscamus, in + variis Germaniae regionibus reperiri nonnullos catholicos etiam + viros, qui sacram theologiam ac philosophiam tradentes minime + dubitant quamdam inauditam adhuc in Ecclesia docendi scribendique + libertatem inducere, novasque et omnino improbandas opiniones palam + publiceque profiteri, et in vulgus disseminare. Hinc non levi + moerore affecti fuimus, Venerabilis Frater ubi tristissimus ad Nos + venit nuntius, presbyterum Jacobum Frohschammer in ista Monacensi + Academia philosophiae doctorem hujusmodi docendi scribendique + licentiam proe ceteris adhibere, eumque suis operibus in lucem + editis perniciosissimos tueri errores. Nulla igitur interposita + mora, Nostrae Congregationi libris notandis praepositae mandavimus, + ut praecipua volumina, quae ejusdem presbyteri Frohschammer nomine + circumferuntur, cum maxima diligentia sedalo perpenderet, et omnia + ad Nos referret. Quae volumina germanice scripta titulum + habent—<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-style: italic">Introductio in Philosophiam—De Libertate + scientiae—Athenaeum</span></span>—quorum primum anno 1858, alterum + anno 1861, tertium vero vertente hoc anno 1862 istis Monacensibus + typis in lucem est editum. Itaque eadem Congregatio Nostris + mandatis diligenter obsequens summo studio accuratissimum examen + instituit, omnibusque sem el iterumque serio ac mature ex more + discussis et perpensis judicavit, auctorem in pluribus non recte + sentire, ejusque doctrinam a veritate catholica aberrare. Atque id + ex duplici praesertim parte, et primo quidem propterea quad auctor + tales humanae rationi tribuat vires, quae rationi ipsi minime + competunt, secundo vero, quod eam omnia opinandi, et quidquid + semper audendi libertatem eidem rationi concedat, ut ipsius + Ecclesiae jura, officium, et auctoritas de media omnino tollantur. + Namque auctor imprimis edocet, philosophiam, si recta ejus habeatur + notio, posse non solum percipere et intelligere ea christina + dogmata, quae naturalis ratio cum fide habet communia (tamquam + commune scilicet perceptionis objectum) verum etiam ea, quae + christianam religionem fidemque maxime et proprie efficiunt, + <span class="tei tei-pb" id="page094">[pg 094]</span><a name= + "Pg094" id="Pg094" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> ipsumque scilicet + supernaturalem hominis finem, et ea omnia, quae ad ipsum spectant, + atque sacratissimum Dominicae Incarnationis mysterium ad humanae + rationis et philosophiae provinciam pertinere, rationemque, dato + hoc objecto suis propriis principiis scienter ad ea posse + pervenire. Etsi vero aliquam inter haec et illa dogmata + distinctionem auctor inducat, et haec ultima minori jure rationi + attribuat, tamen clare aperteque docet, etiam haec contineri inter + illa, quae veram propriamque scientiae seu philosophiae materiam + constituunt. Quocirca ex ejusdem auctoris sententia concludi omnino + possit ac debeat, rationem in abditissimis etiam divinae Sapientiae + ac Bonitatis, immo etiam et liberae ejus voluntatis mysteriis, + licet posito revelationis objecto posse ex seipsa, non jam ex + divinae auctoritatis principio sed ex naturalibus suis principiis + et viribus ad scientiam seu certitudinem pervenire. Quae auctoris + doctrina quam falsa sit et erronea nemo est, qui christianae + doctrinae rudimentis vel leviter imbutus non illico videat, + planeque sentiat. Namque si isti philosophiae cultores vera ac sola + rationis et philosophiae disciplinae tuerentur principia et jura, + debitis certe laudibus essent prosequendi. Siquidem vera ac sana + philosophia nobilissimum suum locum habet, cum ejusdem philosophiae + sit, veritatem diligenter inquirere, humanamque rationem licet + primi hominis culpa obtenebratam, nullo tamen modo extinctam recte + ac sedulo excolere, illustrare, ejusque cognitionis objectum, ac + permultas veritates percipere, bene intellegere, promovere, + earumque plurimas, uti Dei existentiam, naturam, attributa, quae + etiam fides credenda proponit, per argumenta ex suis principiis + petita demonstrare, vindicare, defendere, atque hoc modo viam + munire ad haec dogmata fide rectius tenenda, et ad illa etiam + reconditiora dogmata, quae sola fide percipi primum possunt, ut + illa aliquo modo a ratione intelligantur. Haec quidem agere, atque + in his versari debet severa et pulcherrima verae philosophiae + scientia. Ad quae praestanda si viri docti in Germaniae Academiis + enitantur pro singulari inclytae illius nationis ad severiores + gravioresque disciplinas excolendas propensione, eorum studium a + Nobis comprobatur et commendatur, cum in sacrarum rerum utilitatem + profectumque convertant, quae illi ad suos usus invenerint. At vero + in hoc gravissimo sane negotio tolerare numquam possumus, ut omnia + emere permisceantur, utque ratio illas etiam res, quae ad fidem + pertinent, occupet atque perturbet, cum certissimi, omnibusque + notissimi sint fines, ultra quos ratio numquam suo jure est + progressa, vel progredi potest. Atque ad hujusmodi dogmata ea omnia + maxime et apertissime spectant, quae supernaturalem hominis + elevationem, ac supernaturale ejus cum Deo commercium respiciunt + atque ad hunc finem revelata noscuntur. Et sane cum haec dogmata + sint supra naturam, idcirco naturali ratione, ac naturalibus + principiis attingi non possunt. Numquam siquidem ratio suis + naturalibus principiis ad hujusmodi dogmata scienter tractanda + effici potest idonea. Quod si haec isti temere asseverare audeant + sciant, se certe non a quorumlibet doctorum opinione, sed a + communi, et numquam immutata Ecclesiae doctrina recedere. Ex + divinis enim <span class="tei tei-pb" id="page095">[pg + 095]</span><a name="Pg095" id="Pg095" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + Litteris, et sanctorum Patrum traditione constat. Dei quidem + existentiam, multasque alias veritates, ab iis etiam qui fidem + nondum susceperunt, naturali rationis lumine cognosci, sed illa + reconditiora dogmata Deum solum manifestasse dum notum facere + voluit, <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-style: italic">mysterium, quod absconditum fuit a saeculis et + generationibus</span><a id="noteref_4" name="noteref_4" href= + "#note_4"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; font-style: italic; vertical-align: super">4</span></span></a> + <span style="font-style: italic">et ita quidem, ut postquam + multifariam multisque modis olim locutus esset patribus in + prophetis novissime Nobis locutus est in Filio, per quem fecit et + saecula</span><a id="noteref_5" name="noteref_5" href= + "#note_5"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; font-style: italic; vertical-align: super">5</span></span></a><span style="font-style: italic">... + Deum enim nemo vidit umquam. Unigenitus Filius, qui est in sinu + Paris ipse ennarravit.</span></span><a id="noteref_6" name= + "noteref_6" href="#note_6"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">6</span></span></a> + Quapropter Apostolus, qui gentes Deum per ea, quae facta sunt + cognovisse testatur, disserens de <span class= + "tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">gratia et + veritate</span><a id="noteref_7" name="noteref_7" href= + "#note_7"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; font-style: italic; vertical-align: super">7</span></span></a> + <span style="font-style: italic">quae per Jesum Christum facta est, + loquimur, iniquit, Dei sapientiam in mysterio, quae abscondita est + ... quam nemo principum hujus saeculi cognovit ... Nobis autem + revelavit Deus per Spiritum Suum ... Spiritus enim omnia scrutatur, + etiam profunda Dei. Quis enim hominum scit quae sunt hominis, nisi + Spiritus hominis, qui in ipso est? Ita et quae Dei sunt nemo + cognovit, nisi Spiritus Dei.</span></span><a id="noteref_8" name= + "noteref_8" href="#note_8"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">8</span></span></a> Hisce + aliisque fere innumeris divinis eloquiis inhaerentes SS. Patres in + Ecclesiae doctrina tradenda continenter distinguere curarunt rerum + divinarum notionem, quae naturalis intelligentiae vi omnibus est + communis ab illarum rerum notitia, quae per Spiritum Sanctum fide + suscipitur, et constanter docuerunt, per hanc ea nobis in Christo + revelari mysteria, quae non solam humanam philosophiam, verum etiam + Angelicam naturalem intelligentiam transcendunt, quaeque etiamsi + divina revelatione innotuerint, et ipsa fide fuerint suscepta, + tamen sacro ad hue ipsius fidei velo tecta et obscura caligine + obvoluta permanent, quamdiu in hac mortali vita peregrinamur a + Domino.<a id="noteref_9" name="noteref_9" href= + "#note_9"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">9</span></span></a> Ex his + omnibus patet alienam omnino esse a catholicae Ecclesiae doctrina + sententiam, qua idem Frohschammer asserere non dubitat, omnia + indiscriminatim christianae religionis dogmata esse objectum + naturalis scientiae, seu philosophiae, et humanam rationem + historice tantum excultam, modo haec dogmata ipsi rationi tanquam + objectum proposita fuerint, posse ex suis naturalibus viribus et + principio ad veram de omnibus etiam reconditioribus dogmatibus + scientiam pervenire. Nunc vero in memoratis ejusdem auctoris + scriptis alia domanitur sententia, quae catholicae Ecciesiae + doctrinae, ac sensui plane adversatur. Etenim eam philosophiae + tribuit libertatem, quae non scientiae libertas, sed omnio + reprobanda et intoleranda philosophiae licentia sit appellanda. + Quadam enim distinctione inter philosophum et philosophiam facta, + tribuit philosopho jus et officium se submittendi auctoritati, quam + veram ipse probaverit, sed utrumque philosophiae ita denegat, ut + nulla doctrinae revelatae ratione habita asserat, ipsam nunquam + debere ac posse Auctoritati se submittere. Quod esset toet crandum + et forte admittendum, <span class="tei tei-pb" id="page096">[pg + 096]</span><a name="Pg096" id="Pg096" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + si haec dicerentur de jure tantum, quod habit philosophia suis + principiis, seu methodo, ac suis conclusionibus, uti, sicut et + aliae scientiae, ac si ejus libertas consisteret in hoc suo jure + utendo, ita ut nihil in sea dmitteret, quod non fuerit ab ipsa suis + conditionibus acquisitum, aut fuerit ipsi alienum. Sed haec justa + philosophiae libertas suos limites noscere et experiri debet. + Nunquam enim non solum philosopho, verum etiam philosophiae + licebit, aut aliquid contrarium dicere iis, quae divina revelatio, + et Ecclesia docet, aut aliquid ex eisdem in dubium vocare propterea + quod non intelligit, aut judicium non suscipere, quod Ecclesiae + auctoritas de aliqua philosophiae conclusione, quae hujusque libera + erat, proferre constituit. Accedit etiam, ut idem auctor + philosophiae libertatem, seu potius effrenatam licentiam tam + acriter, tam temere propugnet, ut minime vereatur asserere, + Ecclesiam non solum non debere in philosophiam unquam + animadvertere, verum etiam debere ipsius philosophiae tolerare + erores, eique relinquere, ut ipsa se corrigat, ex quo evenit, ut + philosophi hanc philosophiae libertatem necessario participent, + atque ita etiam ipsi ab omni lege solvantur. Ecquis non videt quam + vehementer sit rejicienda, reprobanda, et omnini damnanda hujusmodi + Frohschammer sententia atque doctrina? Etenim Ecclesia ex divina + sua institutione et divinae fidei depositum integrum inviolatumque + diligentissime custodire, et animarum saluti summo studio debet + continenter advigilare, ac summa cura ea omnia amovere et + eliminare, quae vel fidei adversari, vel animarum salutem quovis + modo in discrimen adducere possunt. Quocirca Ecclesia ex potestate + sibi a divino suo Auctore commissa non solum jus, sed officium + praesertim habet non tolerandi, sed pro scribendi ac damnandi omnes + erores, si ita fedei integritas, et animarum salus postulaverint, + et omni philosopho, qui Ecclesiae filius esse velit, ac etiam + philosophiae officium incumbit nihil unquam dicere contra ea, quae + Ecclesia docet, et ea retractare, de quibus eos Ecclesia monuerit. + Sententiam autem, quae contrarium edocet omnino erroneam, et ipsi + fidei. Ecclesiae ejusque auctoritati vel maxime injuriosam esse + edicimus et declaramus. Quibus omnibus accurate perpensis, de + eorumdrm VV. FF. NN. S. R. E. Cardinalium Congregationis libris + notandis praepositae consilio, ac motu proprio, et certa scientia + matura deliberatione Nostra, deque Apostolicae Nostrae potestatis + plenitudine praedictos librus presbyteri Frohschammer tamquam + continentes propositiones et doctrinas respective falsas, erroneas, + Ecclesiae, ejusque actoritati ac juribus injuriosas reprobamus, + damnamus, ac pro reprobatis et damnatis ab omnibus haberi volumus, + atque eidem Congregationi mandamus, ut eosdem libros in indicem + prohibitorum librorum referat. Dum vero haec Tibi significamus, + Venerabilis Frater, non possumus non exprimere magnum animi Nostri + Dolorem cum videamus hunc filium eorumdem librorum auctorem, qui + ceteroquin de Ecclesia benemereri potuisset, infelici quodam cordis + impete misere abreptum in vias abire, quae ad salutem non ducunt, + ac magis magisque a recto tramite aberrare. Cum enim alius ejus + liber de animarum origine prius fuisset damnatus non solum se + minime submisit, <span class="tei tei-pb" id="page097">[pg + 097]</span><a name="Pg097" id="Pg097" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + verum etiam non extimuit, eumdem errorem in his etiam libridenuo + docere, et Nostram Indicis Congregationem contumeliis cumen lare, + ac multa alia contra Ecclesiae agendi rationem temere mendaciterque + pronuntiare. Quae omnia talia sunt, ut iis merito atque optimo jure + indignare potuissemus. Sed nolumus adhuc paternae Nostrae + charitatis viscera erga illum deponere, et idcirco Te Venerabilis + Frater, excitamus, ut velis eidem manifestare cor Nostrum paternum, + et acerbiseimum dolorem, cujus ipse est causa, ac simul ipsum + saluberrimis monitis hortari et monere, ut Nostram, quae communis + est omnium Patris vocem audiat, ac resipiscat, quemadmodum + catholicae Ecclesiae filium decet, et ita nos omnes laetitia + afficiat, ac tandem ipse felixiter experiatur quam jucundum sit, + non vana quadam et perniciosa libertate gaudere, sed Domini, + adhaerere, cugus jugum suave est, et onus leve, cujus eloquo casta, + igne examinata, cujus judicia vera, justificata in semetipsa, et + cujus universae viae misericordia et veritas. Denique hac etiam + occasione libentissime utimur, ut iterum testemur et confirmemus + praecipuam Nostram in Te benevolentiam. Cujus quoque pignus esse + volumus Apostolicam Benedictionem, quam intimo cordis affectu Tibi + ipsi, Venerabilis Frater, et gregi Tuae curae commisso paremanter + impertimus. Datum Romaae apud S. Petrum die 11 Decembris anno 1862, + Pontificatus Nostri anno decimo septimo.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">Pius PP. IX.</p> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-div" style= + "margin-bottom: 4.00em; margin-top: 4.00em"> + <a name="toc19" id="toc19"></a> <a name="pdf20" id="pdf20"></a> + + <h2 class="tei tei-head" style= + "text-align: left; margin-bottom: 2.88em; margin-top: 2.88em"> + <span style="font-size: 144%">II. Decree Of The Congregation Of + Rites.</span></h2> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">The Roman + ritual, speaking of the Blessed Eucharist, prescribes as follows: + <span class="tei tei-q">“Lampades coram eo plures vel saltem una + diu notucque colluceat”</span>. These lamps are to be fed with + olive oil, which the Church has adopted for mystic reasons in so + many of her sacred rites. But in many countries the difficulty of + procuring olive oil is considerable, and the expense greater than + small churches can bear. Several prelates of France, moved by these + reasons, asked permission to burn in the lamps before the Blessed + Sacrament oils other than from olives. The following is the + answer:</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"><span class= + "tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Decretum: Plurium + Dioeceseum.</span></span></p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">Nonnulli + Reverendissimi Galliarum Antistites serio perpendentes in multis + suarum Dioeceseum Ecclesiis difficile admodum et nonnisi magnis + sumptibus comparari posse oleum olivarum ad nutriendam diu noctuque + saltem unam lampadam ante Sanctissimum Eucharistiae Sacramentum, ab + Apostolica Sede declarari petierunt utrum in casu, attentis + difficultatibus et Ecclesiarum paupertate, oleo, olivarum substitue + possint alea olea quae ex vegetalibus habentur, ipso non excluso + petroleo. Sacra porro Rituum Congregatio, etsi semper sollicita ut + etiam in hac parte quod usque ab <span class="tei tei-pb" id= + "page098">[pg 098]</span><a name="Pg098" id="Pg098" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> Ecclesiae primordiis circa usum olei ex + olivis inductum est, ob mysticas significationes retineatur; + attamen silentio praeterire minime censuit rationes ab iisdem + Episcopis prolatas; ac proinde exquisito prius Voto alterius ex + Apostolicarum Coeremoniarum Magistris, subscriptus Cardinalis + Praefectus ejusdem Sacrae Congregationis rem omnem proposuit in + Ordinariis Commitiis ad Vaticanum hodierna die habitis. + Eminentissimi autem et Reverendissimi Patres Sacris tuendis Ritibus + praepositi, omnibus accurate perpensis ac diligentissime + examinatis, rescribendum censuerunt: Generatim utendum esse oleo + olevarum: <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-style: italic">ubi vero haberi nequeatt remittendum + prudentiae Episcoporum ut lampades nutriantur ex aliis oleis + quantum fieri possit vegetabilibus</span></span> die 9 Julii + 1864.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">Facta postmodum + de praemissis Sanctissimo Domino Nostro Pio Papae IX. per + infrascriptum Secretarium fideli relatione, Sanctitas Sua + sententiam Sacrae Congregationis ratam habuit et confirmavit. Die + 14 iisdem mense et anno.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"><span class= + "tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">C. Episcopus + Portuen. et S. Rufinae Card. Patrizi S. R. C. Praef. + Loco</span></span> ✠ Signi <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-style: italic">D. Bartolini S. R. C. + Secretarius</span></span>.</p> + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-div" style= + "margin-bottom: 5.00em; margin-top: 5.00em"> + <a name="toc21" id="toc21"></a> <a name="pdf22" id="pdf22"></a> + + <h1 class="tei tei-head" style= + "text-align: left; margin-bottom: 3.46em; margin-top: 3.46em"> + <span style="font-size: 173%">Notices Of Books.</span></h1> + + <div class="tei tei-div" style= + "margin-bottom: 4.00em; margin-top: 4.00em"> + <h2 class="tei tei-head" style= + "text-align: left; margin-bottom: 2.88em; margin-top: 2.88em"> + <span style="font-size: 144%">I.</span></h2> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"><span class= + "tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Martyrologium + Dungallense, seu Calendarium Sanctorum Hiberniae.</span></span> + <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Collegit + et digessit</span></span> Fr. Michael O'Clery, Ord. Fr. Min. + Strictioris Observantiae. Permissu et facultate Superiorum. + 1630.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"><span class= + "tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">The Martyrology of + Donegal: a Calendar of the Saints of Ireland</span></span>, + translated from the original Irish by the late John O'Donovan, + LL.D., M.R.I.A., Professor of Celtic Literature in the Queen's + College, Belfast. Edited, with the Irish text, by James Henthorn + Todd, D.D., M.R.I.A., F.S.A., Senior Fellow of Trinity College, + Dublin; and by William Reeves, D.D., M.R.I.A., Vicar of Lusk, etc. + Dublin: printed for the Archaeological Society. Thom, 1864, lv.-566 + pp.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"><span class= + "tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">The Martyrology of + Donegal</span></span> was completed on the 19th of April, 1630, in + the Franciscan convent of Donegal. The compilers were Brother + Michael O'Clery, a lay brother of that convent, with three + associates who with him are so well known by the name of + <span class="tei tei-q">“The Four Masters”</span>. Colgan + (<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Acta + Sanctorum Hiberniae</span></span>, tom. 1, p. 5 a.) thus speaks of + it: <span class="tei tei-q">“Martyrologium quod Dungallense + vocamus, nostris diebus ex diversis tum Martyrologiis, tum + annalibus patriis collectum est, partim operâ Authorum qui Annales + communes, de <span class="tei tei-pb" id="page099">[pg + 099]</span><a name="Pg099" id="Pg099" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + quibus infra, compilarunt in Conventu Dungallensi; partim opera + Patrum ejusdem Conventus qui sanctos, qui extra patriam vixerunt et + de quibus hystorici exteri scripserunt, addiderant”</span>. The + Donegal copy of 1630 was a more complete transcript of a first + copy, made by Michael O'Clery in the preceding year at Douay. Both + copies are now extant in the Burgundian Library at Brussels, but + circumstances have not permitted Dr. Todd to get the first copy + also transcribed. Both copies are autographs of Michael + O'Clery.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">The first to + discover the mine of Irish MSS. in Brussels was Mr. L. Waldron, + M.P., who, in 1844, at the request of Professor O'Curry, examined + the library there. By the influence of Lord Clarendon, then + lord-lieutenant of Ireland, with the government, Dr. Todd procured + from the Belgian government, in 1848, the loan of several MSS. of + the greatest importance, with the permission to have them + transcribed. One of these was the autograph MS. of the <span class= + "tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Martyrology of + Donegal</span></span>, prepared for the press by the author, with + the approbations of his ecclesiastical superiors. A copy of it was + executed by the late Professor O'Curry with the skill and beauty of + his unequalled penmanship; and this copy was collated with the + original, whilst it was still in Dr. Todd's possession. From + O'Curry's copy Dr. Reeves made another for his own use, and from + this he made a third transcript for the printers, and the + translator, Dr. O'Donovan. This translation was the last labour of + Dr. O'Donovan's life.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">The contents of + the volume are distributed as follows: An introduction (ix.-xxiv.) + by Dr. Todd is followed by an appendix (xxiv.-xlix.) containing + <span class="tei tei-q">“a number of memoranda, references to + authorities, and miscellaneous notes, which have been written by + the author, and others, through whose hands the MS. has passed, on + the fly-leaves at the beginning and end of each volume”</span>. + Many of them are of great interest. Then come the <span class= + "tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Testimonia et + Approbationes</span></span> (xlix.-lv.) of Flann Mac Egan, Conner + McBrody, Dr. Malachy O'Cadhla, Archbishop of Tuam; Dr. Boetius Mac + Egan, Bishop of Elphin; Dr. Thomas Fleming, Archbishop of Dublin; + and Dr. Roth Mac Geoghegan, Bishop of Kildare. The <span class= + "tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-style: italic">Martyrology</span></span> proper follows + (1-351) with the Irish text on one page and Dr. O'Donovan's + translation on the other. The notes appended are but few, and serve + merely to explain obscurities in the text, to settle the reading, + or to correct some obvious mistake. For almost all the notes we are + indebted to Dr. Todd himself. A table of the <span class= + "tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-style: italic">Martyrology</span></span>, compiled by the + author, and translated by Dr. Todd, occupies from page 354 to page + 479, and is followed by three indexes, compiled by Dr. Reeves, one + of persons (485-528), another of places (529-553), and a third of + matters (544-566). These indexes, says Dr. Todd, <span class= + "tei tei-q">“possess a topographical and historical interest quite + independent of their connection with <span class="tei tei-pb" id= + "page100">[pg 100]</span><a name="Pg100" id="Pg100" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> the present work, and are in themselves a + most important practical help to the study of Irish + history”</span>.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">What is the + value of this work? What position does it occupy among Irish + Ecclesiastical documents? It cannot be regarded as an <em class= + "tei tei-emph"><span style= + "font-style: italic">original</span></em> authority. <span class= + "tei tei-q">“It is confessedly a compilation, and of comparatively + recent date, having been completed, as we have seen, in the early + part of the seventeenth century. But it is a compilation made by a + scholar peculiarly well fitted for the task, who had access to all + the original documents then extant in the Irish language, the + matter of which he has transferred either in whole or in part into + the present work, quoting in almost every instance the sources from + which he drew his information”</span> (Introd., p. xiii.). The bare + enumeration of these sources will serve to show the value of the + book. I. <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-style: italic">The Metrical Calendar, or Festilogium of + Aengus Ceile De</span></span>, commonly called the <span class= + "tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Felire of + Aengus</span></span>. Its author was a monk of Tallaght, near + Dublin, in the days when Saint Maolruain was abbot, about the + beginning of the ninth century. Dr. Kelly of Maynooth has published + a translation of a portion of this <span class= + "tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Metrical + Calendar</span></span> in his <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-style: italic">Calendar of Irish Saints</span></span>. II. + The <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-style: italic">Martyrology of Tallaght</span></span>. This is + a transcript of a very ancient martyrology containing the names of + the saints and martyrs of the entire Church, with the Irish saints + added under each day. It was composed at the close of the ninth or + very early in the tenth century. The Brussels MS. is an abstract of + the ancient copy at Saint Isidore's at Rome, but it contains the + Irish saints alone, omitting altogether the general martyrology. It + was from a transcript of the Belgian MS. that Dr. Kelly published + in 1857 the calendar alluded to above. III. The <span class= + "tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Calendar of + Cashel</span></span>, which is not now known to exist. According to + Colgan, its author flourished about the year 1030. IV. The + <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-style: italic">Martyrology of Maolmuire</span></span> (or + <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-style: italic">Marianus</span></span>) <span class= + "tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-style: italic">O'Gorman</span></span>, written in Irish + verse, in the times of Gelasius, Archbishop of Armagh, about 1167. + Its author was abbot of Knock, near Louth, and the work is taken + from the <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-style: italic">Felire of Tallaght</span></span>, and is not + confined to Irish saints. V. <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-style: italic">The Book of Hymns</span></span>, a portion of + which has already been published by the Irish Archaeological and + Celtic Society, and of which a second portion is in the press, + under the care of Dr. Todd. VI. Poems, such as the <span class= + "tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Poem of St. Cuimin of + Condeire (Connor)</span></span>, of the middle of the seventh + century, published by Dr. Kelly, with a translation by Professor + O'Curry; the <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-style: italic">Naoimhseanchus</span></span>, attributed by + Colgan to Selbach of the tenth century; the <span class= + "tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Poem of St. Moling of + Ferns</span></span> (<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span></span> 675-695), and several + minor poems. VII. Several of the great collections or <span class= + "tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-style: italic">Bibliothecae</span></span>, of which he names + expressly the <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-style: italic">Book of Lecan</span></span>, the <span class= + "tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Leabhar na + Huidre</span></span>, and the <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-style: italic">Book of Lismore</span></span>. VIII. The lives + of saints in Irish and <span class="tei tei-pb" id="page101">[pg + 101]</span><a name="Pg101" id="Pg101" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + Latin. Of these he quotes no less than thirty-one. From this list + it will be seen that almost all the literature of the early Irish + Church has helped to enrich the pages of the <span class= + "tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Martyrology of + Donegal</span></span>. And since <span lang="la" class= + "tei tei-foreign" xml:lang="la"><span style= + "font-style: italic">norma orandi legem statuit + credendi</span></span>, we could scarcely find a nobler monument of + the faith and practice of our forefathers. The Church that places + on her list of saints, bishops, and priests, and abbots, and + consecrated virgins, and hermits, possesses in that very calendar a + mark deep and broad enough to distinguish her from all the sects + that belong to modern Protestantism.</p> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-div" style= + "margin-bottom: 4.00em; margin-top: 4.00em"> + <h2 class="tei tei-head" style= + "text-align: left; margin-bottom: 2.88em; margin-top: 2.88em"> + <span style="font-size: 144%">II.</span></h2> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"><span class= + "tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Lectures on Modern + History, delivered at the Catholic University of + Ireland.</span></span> By Professor J. B. <span class= + "tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-variant: small-caps">Robertson</span></span>; cr. 8vo, p.p. + xvi., 528. Dublin: W. B. Kelly, 1864.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">The lectures + included in this volume were delivered in the Catholic University + of Ireland, on various occasions, in the years 1860 to 1864, and + their purport has been well expressed in the author's own words. + Speaking in reference to all his literary labours, <span class= + "tei tei-q">“I devoted”</span>, says Professor Robertson, + <span class="tei tei-q">“my feeble powers to the defence of God and + His holy Church against unbelief and misbelief; and of social order + and liberty, against the principles of revolution, which are but + impiety in a political form”</span>. In these words we have the + key-note of the entire work. The <span class="tei tei-q">“History + of Spain in the Eighteenth Century”</span> forms the subject of two + lectures. To these is added a supplement of more than fifty pages, + in which the late Mr. Buckle's <span class="tei tei-q">“Essay on + Spain”</span>, contained in his <span class="tei tei-q">“History of + Civilization”</span>, is severely but most deservedly criticised, + and, we may add, is refuted by solid and convincing arguments.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">In four lectures + our author discusses the <span class="tei tei-q">“life, writings, + and times of M. de Chateaubriand”</span>, involving, much of the + internal history of France, especially as regards literature and + religion under the first Napoleon and the succeeding governments + down to the Revolution in 1848. These lectures are full of + interest. But what must be considered as by far the most important + portion of this volume is that in which Professor Robertson treats + of the <span class="tei tei-q">“Secret Societies of Modern + Times”</span>. In two lectures he traces the origin and progress of + the Freemasons, the Illuminati, the Jacobins, the Carbonari, and + the Socialists; and in an appendix adds a <span class= + "tei tei-q">“brief exposition of the principal heads of Papal + legislation on Secret Societies”</span>.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">Such are the + contents of the work. The style is agreeable and clear, the diction + felicitous, and above all, the sentiments just, equally + characterised by extensive information, political <span class= + "tei tei-pb" id="page102">[pg 102]</span><a name="Pg102" id="Pg102" + class="tei tei-anchor"></a> sagacity, and a profound reverence for + divine faith. The professor has happily avoided both the tedious + exhaustiveness of the German, and the brilliant flippancy which so + often charms us in the French. Nor has he been unmindful of the + more laborious students who would not shrink from the toil of + research after further information. For these he has provided such + an array of authorities, on each of his subjects, as must greatly + facilitate the progress of those who would engage in diligent + historical investigation. We know not where else there could be had + so intelligible an account of the secret societies which have been + so active in all the political convulsions of Europe, from 1789 to + the present time. We need not advert to the part which secret + societies have had in producing the present deplorable state of + Italy. To the readers of the <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-style: italic">Civiltà Cattolica</span></span> such reference + would be unnecessary. To those who have not the advantage of + regularly reading that most instructive periodical we would + recommend Professor Robertson's lectures, as containing, in a + moderate sized volume, a most perspicuous summary of what is + requisite to be known concerning those dark conspiracies and their + objects. If it were only for this, the volume would be a most + welcome addition to our historical library.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">The book has + been brought out with the utmost elegance of paper, type, and + printing.</p> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-div" style= + "margin-bottom: 4.00em; margin-top: 4.00em"> + <h2 class="tei tei-head" style= + "text-align: left; margin-bottom: 2.88em; margin-top: 2.88em"> + <span style="font-size: 144%">III.</span></h2> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"><span class= + "tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">La Roma Sotterrana + Cristiana descritta ed illustrata</span></span> dal Cav. G. B. de + Rossi. Publicata per ordine della Santità di N. S. Papa Pio IX. + Chromolithografia Ponteficia Roma, 1864. vol. 1.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"><span class= + "tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Christian + Subterranean Rome, described and illustrated</span></span> by Cav. + G. B. de Rossi. Published by order of His Holiness Pope Pius IX., + vol. 1.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">In 1861 Cavalier + de Rossi published the first volume of his <span class= + "tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Inscriptiones + Christianae Urbis Romae seculo VII. antiquiores</span></span>. On + to-day we announce the appearance of the first volume of his long + expected work on Subterranean Rome. In the introduction the author + passes in review all that has been done to explore the Catacombs, + from the fourteenth century to our day. Pomponius Laetus, + Pauvinius, Ciacconius, and especially Bosio and Bottari, claim his + attention in turn. After a sketch of the results of the labours + undertaken in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, Cav. de + Rossi shows what yet remains to be done, and what part of this he + himself proposes to accomplish.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">The second part + of the volume is entitled <span class="tei tei-q">“Remarks on + ancient Christian Cemeteries in general, and on those of Rome in + particular”</span>: <span class="tei tei-pb" id="page103">[pg + 103]</span><a name="Pg103" id="Pg103" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + the whole is divided into three parts. Part I. on the Christian + Cemeteries in general, treats of their antiquity, their divisions + into subterranean and non-subterranean, and the respective marks of + each class. The author here proves that even in the third century, + when Christianity was persecuted to the death, the Christian + Cemeteries had a legal existence recognized by the Emperors. Part + II. is devoted to the documents which illustrate the history and + topography of the Catacombs, and embraces contemporary documents, + historical and liturgical treatises later than the fourth century, + lives of Pontiffs, etc. Part III. contains a general history of the + Roman Cemeteries, arranged in four periods: beginning respectively, + with the apostolic times; the third century; the peace of + Constantine (312); and the fifth century, <span class= + "tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span></span> 410. In the second + century the catacombs were of slow growth; in the third, their + extent became most remarkable; after Constantine, they began to be + abandoned as places of sepulture; with the fifth century set in + their decay, leading to the removal of the relics of the saints to + the churches within the walls, whither the sacrilegious hands of + Goths and Lombards, who periodically pillaged the Campagna, could + not reach; finally, after the ninth century, they were almost + forgotten. Part IV. contains the analytical description of the + Christian Cemeteries. The Cemetery of Callixtus, the most ancient + and most celebrated of all, is described at length.</p> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-div" style= + "margin-bottom: 4.00em; margin-top: 4.00em"> + <h2 class="tei tei-head" style= + "text-align: left; margin-bottom: 2.88em; margin-top: 2.88em"> + <span style="font-size: 144%">IV.</span></h2> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"><span class= + "tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Vetera Monumenta + Hibernorum et Scotorum Historiam Illustrantia; quae ex Vaticani, + Neapolis, ac Florentiae Tabularis depromsit, et Ordine chronologico + disposuit</span></span> Augustinus Theiner, Presbyter Cong. + Oratorii, Tabulariorum Vaticanorum Praefectus, etc. Folio, Romae, + Typis Vaticanis, 1864. One Volume folio, pages 624.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">The notice of + the See of Ardagh in the sixteenth century, printed in our opening + number, has probably prepared our readers to estimate the value of + the important series of documents upon which it is founded. We + purposed to urge strongly upon the clergy of Ireland the duty of + supporting generously the distinguished scholar, who in his love of + Ireland has undertaken the costly and laborious work of publishing + all the manuscript materials of Irish history which are preserved + in the archives of the Vatican, and has already given in the + opening volume an earnest of their extent, as well as of their + historical value. We are happy, however, to find that what we had + desired and intended, has already been put in a practical form, and + that an effort has been made to forward among the friends of Irish + history <span class="tei tei-pb" id="page104">[pg + 104]</span><a name="Pg104" id="Pg104" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + the sale of this most interesting collection. We cannot, therefore, + we believe, advance more effectually the object which we have at + heart, than by transferring to our pages the following notice, + which has been printed for private circulation:—</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"><span class= + "tei tei-q">“Monsignor Theiner's Collection from the Secret + Archives of the Vatican, of Naples, and of Florence, is + unquestionably the most important contribution to the history of + the Church in these countries since the great historical movement + of the seventeenth century. It comprises upwards of a thousand + original documents, Pontifical Bulls, Briefs, and Letters, + Consistorial Acts, Inquisitions, Reports, etc., ranging from the + pontificate of Honorius III., 1216, to that of Paul III., + 1547.</span></p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"><span class= + "tei tei-q">“These papers, in the main, relate to the history of + Ireland and of Scotland, especially of the former country. There is + hardly a diocese in Ireland of which they do not contain some + notice, and in many cases, as, for instance, that of Ardagh, + already noticed by the learned editor of the Essays of the lamented + Dr. Matthew Kelly, but traced in detail in the <span class= + "tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Irish Ecclesiastical + Record</span></span>, No. I., pp. 13-17, they serve to fill up + important breaks in the existing records, and to correct grave and + vital errors in the received histories.</span></p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"><span class= + "tei tei-q">“But, in addition to the Irish and Scotch documents, + the volume contains many of wider and more general interest; among + which it will be enough to specify a single series—nearly a hundred + unpublished letters of Henry VIII., relating chiefly to the + negociations regarding the divorce, which they present in a light + almost completely new.</span></p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"><span class= + "tei tei-q">“This volume is printed entirely at the expense of the + distinguished editor. It is meant as an experiment; and, should the + sale, for which he must mainly rely upon the countries chiefly + interested, suffice to cover the bare cost of publication, it is + his intention to continue the series from the archives of the + Vatican, down through the still more interesting, and, for Irish + history, more obscure, as well as more important, period of Edward + VI., Mary, Elizabeth, and James I.</span></p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"><span class= + "tei tei-q">“Mgr. Theiner has requested his friend, Rev. Dr. + Russell, President of St. Patrick's College, Maynooth, to receive + and transmit to Rome any orders far the volume with which he may be + favoured.”</span></p> + </div> + </div> + </div> + <hr class="doublepage" /> + + <div class="tei tei-back" style= + "margin-bottom: 2.00em; margin-top: 6.00em"> + <div id="footnotes" class="tei tei-div" style= + "margin-bottom: 5.00em; margin-top: 5.00em"> + <a name="toc23" id="toc23"></a> <a name="pdf24" id="pdf24"></a> + + <h1 class="tei tei-head" style= + "text-align: left; margin-bottom: 3.46em; margin-top: 3.46em"> + <span style="font-size: 173%">Footnotes</span></h1> + + <dl class="tei tei-list-footnotes"> + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_1" name="note_1" href= + "#noteref_1">1.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext"><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-style: italic">Sacred Latin Poetry</span></span>, selected + and arranged by R. C. Trench, D.D., Archbishop of Dublin, etc. + Macmillan and Co., London and Cambridge. 1864.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_2" name="note_2" href= + "#noteref_2">2.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext"><span class="tei tei-q">“Nihil obstat + si etiam in his omnibus et Ipse (Redemptor noster) signetur. Ipse + enim Unigenitus Dei Filius <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style= + "font-style: italic">veraciter</span></em> factus est <em class= + "tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">homo</span></em>: + ipse in sacrificio nostrae redemptionis dignatus est mori ut + <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style= + "font-style: italic">vitulus</span></em>: ipse per virtutem suae + fortitudinis surrexit ut <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style= + "font-style: italic">leo</span></em>.... Ipse etiam post + resurrectionem suam ascendnes ad coelos, in superioribus est + elevatus ut <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style= + "font-style: italic">aquila</span></em>. Totum ergo simul nobis + est, qui et nascendo <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style= + "font-style: italic">homo</span></em>, et moriendo <em class= + "tei tei-emph"><span style= + "font-style: italic">vitulus</span></em>, et resurgendo <em class= + "tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">leo</span></em>, et + ad coelos ascendendo <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style= + "font-style: italic">aquila</span></em> factus + est”</span>—<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-style: italic">S. Greg. Magn., Hom.</span></span> iv. + <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">in + Ezech.</span></span></dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_3" name="note_3" href= + "#noteref_3">3.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext"><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-style: italic">The Destiny of the Irish Race</span></span>: a + lecture delivered at Philadelphia on the 17th of March, 1864, by + Rev. M. O'Connor, S. J. In order to give to our readers the + beautiful lecture of the ex-Bishop of Pittsburgh, we have increased + the number of pages in this month's <span class= + "tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-variant: small-caps">Record</span></span>.—<span class= + "tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Ed. I. E. + R.</span></span></dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_4" name="note_4" href= + "#noteref_4">4.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Col. 1. v. 26. 1.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_5" name="note_5" href= + "#noteref_5">5.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Hebr. 1, v. 1, 2.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_6" name="note_6" href= + "#noteref_6">6.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Joan. 1, v. 18.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_7" name="note_7" href= + "#noteref_7">7.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Joan 1, v. 17.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_8" name="note_8" href= + "#noteref_8">8.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">1 Corint. v. 2, 7, 8, 10, 11.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_9" name="note_9" href= + "#noteref_9">9.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">S. Joan. Chrys. hom. 7. in 1. Corinth. + S. Ambros. de fide ad Grat. S. Leo de Nativ. Dom. Serm. 9. S. + Cyril. Alex. contr. Nestor. lib. 3. in Joan, 1, 9. S. Joan, Dam. de + fide orat. II, 1, 2, in 1, 2, in 1 Cor. c. 2, S. Hier. in Galat. + III, 2.</dd> + </dl> + </div> + <hr class="doublepage" /> + + <div class="tei tei-div" style= + "margin-bottom: 5.00em; margin-top: 5.00em"> + <div id="pgfooter" class="tei tei-div" style= + "margin-bottom: 4.00em; margin-top: 4.00em"> + <pre class="pre tei tei-div" style= + "margin-bottom: 3.00em; margin-top: 3.00em"> +***END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE IRISH ECCLESIASTICAL RECORD, VOLUME 1, NOVEMBER 1864*** +</pre> + <hr class="doublepage" /> + + <div class="tei tei-div" style= + "margin-bottom: 3.00em; margin-top: 3.00em"> + <a name="rightpageheader25" id="rightpageheader25"></a><a name= + "pgtoc26" id="pgtoc26"></a><a name="pdf27" id="pdf27"></a> + + <h1 class="tei tei-head" style= + "text-align: left; margin-bottom: 3.46em; margin-top: 3.46em"> + <span style="font-size: 173%">Credits</span></h1> + + <table summary="This is a list." class="tei tei-list" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <tbody> + <tr> + <th class="tei tei-label tei-label-gloss">February 2, + 2012 </th> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td class="tei tei-item tei-item-gloss"> + <table summary="This is a list." class="tei tei-list" + style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <tbody> + <tr class="tei tei-labelitem"> + <th class="tei tei-label"></th> + + <td class="tei tei-item">Project Gutenberg TEI + edition 1</td> + </tr> + + <tr class="tei tei-labelitem"> + <th class="tei tei-label"></th> + + <td class="tei tei-item"><span class= + "tei tei-respStmt"><span class= + "tei tei-name">Produced by Bryan Ness, David King, + and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at + <http://www.pgdp.net/>. (This file was + produced from images generously made available by + The Internet Archive/Canadian + Libraries.)</span></span></td> + </tr> + </tbody> + </table> + </td> + </tr> + </tbody> + </table> + </div> + <hr class="doublepage" /> + + <div class="tei tei-div" style= + "margin-bottom: 3.00em; margin-top: 3.00em"> + <a name="rightpageheader28" id="rightpageheader28"></a><a name= + "pgtoc29" id="pgtoc29"></a><a name="pdf30" id="pdf30"></a> + + <h1 class="tei tei-head" style= + "text-align: left; margin-bottom: 3.46em; margin-top: 3.46em"> + <span style="font-size: 173%">A Word from Project + Gutenberg</span></h1> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">This file + should be named 38751-h.html or 38751-h.zip.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">This and all + associated files of various formats will be found in: <a href= + "http://www.gutenberg.org/dirs/3/8/7/5/38751/" class= + "block tei tei-xref" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.80em; margin-left: 3.60em; margin-top: 1.80em; margin-right: 3.60em"> + <span style= + "font-size: 90%">http://www.gutenberg.org</span><span style= + "font-size: 90%">/dirs/3/8/7/5/38751/</span></a></p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">Updated + editions will replace the previous one — the old editions will be + renamed.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">Creating the + works from public domain print editions means that no one owns a + United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation (and + you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without + permission and without paying copyright royalties. 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