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+<title>City Scenes, by William Darton</title>
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+<pre>
+
+The Project Gutenberg eBook, City Scenes, by William Darton
+
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+
+
+
+Title: City Scenes
+       or a peep into London
+
+
+Author: William Darton
+
+
+
+Release Date: January 18, 2012  [eBook #38612]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ISO-646-US (US-ASCII)
+
+
+***START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK CITY SCENES***
+</pre>
+<p>Transcribed from the 1828 Harvey and Darton edition by David
+Price, email ccx074@pglaf.org</p>
+<p style="text-align: center">
+<a href="images/p0ab.jpg">
+<img alt=
+"Decorative shield"
+title=
+"Decorative shield"
+src="images/p0as.jpg" />
+</a></p>
+<h1><span class="smcap">City Scenes</span>.<br />
+<span class="GutSmall"><i>OR</i></span><br />
+<span class="GutSmall"><i>A PEEP INTO</i></span><br />
+LONDON.</h1>
+<p style="text-align: center">
+<a href="images/p0bb.jpg">
+<img alt=
+"View of St. Paul&rsquo;s from the Thames"
+title=
+"View of St. Paul&rsquo;s from the Thames"
+src="images/p0bs.jpg" />
+</a></p>
+<p style="text-align: center">
+<a href="images/p0cb.jpg">
+<img alt=
+"Decorative pattern with swords"
+title=
+"Decorative pattern with swords"
+src="images/p0cs.jpg" />
+</a></p>
+<p style="text-align: center"><i>LONDON</i><br />
+<i>Published by Harvey &amp; Darton</i></p>
+<p style="text-align: center">Gracechurch Street.<br />
+<i>1828</i>.</p>
+<h2><a name="page1"></a><span class="pagenum">p.
+1</span>INTRODUCTION.</h2>
+<blockquote><p><span class="smcap">Come</span>, peep at
+London&rsquo;s famous town,<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp; Nor need you travel there;<br />
+But view the things of most renown,<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp; Whilst sitting in your chair.</p>
+<p>At home, an hundred miles away,<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp; &rsquo;Tis easy now to look<br />
+At City Scenes, and London gay,<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp; In this my little book.</p>
+<p>Yes, there in quiet you may sit,<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp; Beside the winter&rsquo;s fire,<br />
+And see and hear as much of it,<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp; As ever you desire.</p>
+<p>Or underneath the oak so grey,<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp; That stands upon the green,<br />
+May pass the summer&rsquo;s eve away,<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp; And view each City Scene.</p>
+<p>There&rsquo;s great St. Paul&rsquo;s, so wondrous wide,<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp; The Monument so tall,<br />
+And many curious things beside<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp; The Giants in Guildhall.</p>
+<p><a name="page2"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 2</span>The
+post-boy galloping away,<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp; With letter-bag you&rsquo;ll find:<br />
+The wharf, the ship, the lady gay,<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp; The beggar lame and blind.</p>
+<p>The boatman plying at his oar,<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp; The gard&rsquo;ner and his greens,<br />
+The knife-grinder, with many more<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp; Of London&rsquo;s City Scenes.</p>
+</blockquote>
+<h2><a name="page3"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 3</span>CITY
+SCENES.</h2>
+<h3>1.&nbsp; Countryman on a Stage Coach.</h3>
+<p style="text-align: center">
+<a href="images/pic1b.jpg">
+<img alt=
+"Countryman on a stage coach"
+title=
+"Countryman on a stage coach"
+src="images/pic1s.jpg" />
+</a></p>
+<p><span class="smcap">Here</span> is Farmer Clodpole, who lives
+a hundred miles from London, coming to see it at
+last.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; They have just reached the top of a
+hill, and catch a fine view of the city.</p>
+<p>&ldquo;What! is that <i>Lunnun</i>, coachey?&nbsp; Well,
+I&rsquo;m glad to see it at last; for I, that&rsquo;s only used
+to jog along a few miles in our cart, don&rsquo;t much fancy this
+jumbling and jolting.&nbsp; But what a smoke they are in, master
+coachman: I shall be glad enough to get back again, if I am
+always to be in such a <i>puther</i>.&nbsp; Pray, what&rsquo;s
+that there great round thing in the midst of the housen?&nbsp;
+Oh! St. Paul&rsquo;s: why that beats our parish church all to
+pieces.&nbsp; Well, drive away, coachey, that I may see all the
+fine things; and nobody shall laugh at me any more, because I
+have not seen <i>Lunnun</i>.&rdquo;</p>
+<h3><a name="page4"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 4</span>2.&nbsp;
+The Monument.</h3>
+<p style="text-align: center">
+<a href="images/pic2b.jpg">
+<img alt=
+"The Monument"
+title=
+"The Monument"
+src="images/pic2s.jpg" />
+</a></p>
+<p>There is the Monument: it is situated on the east side of Fish
+Street Hill, and is the highest column in the world.&nbsp; It was
+erected in remembrance of the great fire of London, which broke
+out in <i>Pudding Lane</i>, very near Fish-Street Hill,
+destroying all the buildings from Tower Wharf in the east, to
+Temple church in the west; and from the north end of Mincing
+Lane, to the west end of Leadenhall Street; passing to
+Threadneedle Street, thence in a direct line to Holborn Bridge,
+and extending northward to Smithfield, when, after having burnt
+down thirteen thousand and two hundred houses, it terminated.</p>
+<p>At that time provisions were very cheap, and many people eat
+to the full; so that gluttony was alleged by some as the cause of
+the fire; it beginning, as they said, at <i>Pudding Lane</i>, and
+ending at <i>Pie Corner</i>, which was the case.</p>
+<p>The Monument is a very fine pillar, 202 feet high, having a
+staircase leading to the gallery, from which, on a clear day,
+beautiful views of the city and surrounding country may be
+seen.</p>
+<p>By the inscription on the Monument, the Roman Catholics are
+accused of &ldquo;burning this <a name="page5"></a><span
+class="pagenum">p. 5</span>Protestant city;&rdquo; but Pope, the
+poet, was of a different opinion, for he says,</p>
+<blockquote><p>&ldquo;London&rsquo;s high column, pointing to the
+skies,<br />
+Like a tall bully, lifts its head and lies.&rdquo;</p>
+</blockquote>
+<h3>3.&nbsp; Pie Corner,</h3>
+<p style="text-align: center">
+<a href="images/pic3b.jpg">
+<img alt=
+"Pie Corner"
+title=
+"Pie Corner"
+src="images/pic3s.jpg" />
+</a></p>
+<p>West Smithfield, where you see the white projecting house, as
+it was left after the fire of London, which took place at
+midnight, 2d September, 1666, and burnt with unabated fury till
+the 10th of the same month.</p>
+<p>There is also, at the corner of the lane, against a public
+house called the Fortune of War, a figure of a boy carved in
+wood, on which was painted an inscription to commemorate the
+event, and also stating the calamity to have been a punishment on
+the city for the sin of gluttony; but this being since considered
+a vulgar error, is not painted on the new figure, which in other
+respects is exactly like the old figure first put up.</p>
+<h3>4.&nbsp; New London Bridge.</h3>
+<p style="text-align: center">
+<a href="images/pic4b.jpg">
+<img alt=
+"New London Bridge"
+title=
+"New London Bridge"
+src="images/pic4s.jpg" />
+</a></p>
+<p>The new London Bridge is built from a design of the late John
+Rennie, Esq. engineer; <a name="page6"></a><span
+class="pagenum">p. 6</span>and the works are conducted under the
+direction of John and George Rennie, Esqrs.&nbsp; It stands a
+short distance westward of the old bridge.&nbsp; The first stone
+was laid by John Garratt, Esq. lord mayor, on the 15th of June,
+1825.</p>
+<p>This bridge consists of five arches: the centre one is 150,
+those next to it 140 feet, the extreme arches 130 feet.&nbsp; The
+roadway is nearly level, and the parapet is plain, with
+buttresses rising from the piers,</p>
+<h3>5.&nbsp; Billingsgate,</h3>
+<p style="text-align: center">
+<a href="images/pic5b.jpg">
+<img alt=
+"Billingsgate"
+title=
+"Billingsgate"
+src="images/pic5s.jpg" />
+</a></p>
+<p>The only fish-market in London, to which the fishing-smacks
+bring their cargoes.&nbsp; Whoever goes to Billingsgate, at
+market-time, must expect to be pushed about and dirtied.&nbsp;
+The crowd is generally very great, and the people very noisy, and
+some are quite abusive to strangers.</p>
+<blockquote><p>There goes a tall fish-woman sounding her cry,<br
+/>
+&ldquo;Who&rsquo;ll buy my fine flounders, and oysters
+who&rsquo;ll buy?&rdquo;<br />
+Poor flounder, he heaves up his fin with a sigh,<br />
+And thinks that <i>he</i> has most occasion to cry;<br />
+&ldquo;Ah, neighbour,&rdquo; says oyster, &ldquo;indeed, so do
+I.&rdquo;</p>
+</blockquote>
+<p>It is supposed that more money is taken at this place for
+shell-fish, in a year, than there is at <a name="page7"></a><span
+class="pagenum">p. 7</span>Smithfield for butchers&rsquo; meat in
+the same period.&nbsp; Within these few years, great quantities
+of salmon have been sent from Scotland to Billingsgate in
+summer-time, preserved in ice, which had been stored up in winter
+for that salutary purpose.&nbsp; The ice, when taken from the
+fish, is sold to confectioners and pastry-cooks, for forming
+ice-creams in summer.</p>
+<h3>6.&nbsp; The Scavenger.</h3>
+<p style="text-align: center">
+<a href="images/pic6b.jpg">
+<img alt=
+"The Scavenger"
+title=
+"The Scavenger"
+src="images/pic6s.jpg" />
+</a></p>
+<p>I am glad to see this man, whose business it is to sweep up
+the mud and dirt from the streets, and collect it in a
+cart.&nbsp; Surely, no part of London needs this work more than
+Thames Street and Billingsgate; for, even in a dry season, the
+narrowness of the streets, and great traffic of men and women,
+with fish in wet baskets, &amp;c. keep the pavement constantly
+dirty.&nbsp; When the cart is well laden, he empties it into some
+waste place in the outskirts of the town, or delivers it at some
+wharf by the water-side; and as it proves a very rich manure, he
+finds it a profitable and useful occupation.</p>
+<blockquote><p>&ldquo;I&rsquo;m very glad &rsquo;tis not my
+luck<br />
+To get my bread by carting muck;<br />
+I&rsquo;m sure I never could be made<br />
+To work at such a dirty trade.&rdquo;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<a name="page8"></a><span class="pagenum">p.
+8</span>&ldquo;Hold, little master, not so fast,<br />
+Some proud folks get a fall at last;<br />
+And you, young gentleman, I say,<br />
+May be a scavenger, one day.<br />
+All sober folks, who seldom play,<br />
+But get their bread some honest way,<br />
+Though not to wealth or honours born,<br />
+Deserve respect instead of scorn.<br />
+Such rude contempt they merit less,<br />
+Than those who live in idleness;<br />
+Who are less useful, I&rsquo;m afraid,<br />
+Than this black mud that&rsquo;s in my spade.&rdquo;</p>
+</blockquote>
+<h3>7.&nbsp; The Bellman.</h3>
+<p style="text-align: center">
+<a href="images/pic7b.jpg">
+<img alt=
+"The Bellman"
+title=
+"The Bellman"
+src="images/pic7s.jpg" />
+</a></p>
+<p>Well, here is the Bellman and Crier, calling the attention of
+the people to a description of a child that has been lost.&nbsp;
+The number of children who have at times been stolen from their
+homes, has caused great alarm to many parents.&nbsp; It was not
+far from London Bridge that little Tommy Dellow was taken away,
+which caused the parish-officers to advertise a reward of one
+hundred guineas for his recovery; and the bills were the means of
+his being discovered at Gosport, in Hampshire.&nbsp; It appeared
+that this little boy and his sister were enticed away by a
+decently <a name="page9"></a><span class="pagenum">p.
+9</span>dressed woman, who sent the girl home, but took the
+boy.&nbsp; Having no children of her own, she contrived to take
+him to Gosport, and to present him to her husband, on his return
+from a long voyage at sea, as his own son.&nbsp; The whole
+history of the distressing loss and happy recovery of little
+Thomas Dellow, has been published; and, in another account of
+him, <a name="citation9"></a><a href="#footnote9"
+class="citation">[9]</a> it is shortly described in verse.</p>
+<p>The little boy and girl, who stand hand in hand, before the
+man with the basket on his head, are the portraits drawn from the
+life of little Thomas Dellow and his sister.</p>
+<blockquote><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&ldquo;A sweet
+chubby fellow,<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Named little Tom Dellow,<br />
+His mamma to a neighbour did send,<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; With a caution to stop<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; At a green-grocer&rsquo;s shop,<br
+/>
+While she went to visit a friend.</p>
+<p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&ldquo;The poor little
+soul,<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Unused to control,<br />
+O&rsquo;er the threshold just happen&rsquo;d to stray,<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; When a sly cunning dame,<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Mary Magnay by name,<br />
+Enticed the young truant away.</p>
+<p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<a name="page10"></a><span
+class="pagenum">p. 10</span>&ldquo;At a pastry-cook&rsquo;s
+shop<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; She made a short stop,<br />
+And gave him two buns and a tart,<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; And soon after that<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; She bought him a hat<br />
+And feather, that made him quite smart.</p>
+<p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&ldquo;Then a man they
+employ<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; To describe the sweet boy,<br />
+Whom they sought with such tender regard!<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; And soon you might meet<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Bills in every street,<br />
+Which offer&rsquo;d five guineas reward!</p>
+<p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&ldquo;They did not
+succeed<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; To discover the deed,<br />
+Tho&rsquo; much all who heard of it wonder&rsquo;d,<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Till at length they sent down<br
+/>
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Large bills to each town,<br />
+And raised the reward to one hundred!</p>
+</blockquote>
+<p>The office of bellman was first instituted in 1556, for the
+purpose of going round the ward by night to ring his bell, and to
+exhort the inhabitants, with a loud voice, to take care of their
+fires and lights, to help the poor, and pray for the dead.&nbsp;
+This custom, though once general, is used only at Christmas-time,
+when a copy of verses is repeated, instead of the admonition used
+in former days.</p>
+<h3><a name="page11"></a><span class="pagenum">p.
+11</span>8.&nbsp; A Wharf</h3>
+<p style="text-align: center">
+<a href="images/pic8b.jpg">
+<img alt=
+"A wharf"
+title=
+"A wharf"
+src="images/pic8s.jpg" />
+</a></p>
+<p>Is a landing place by the side of a river, for the convenience
+of boats, barges, or ships.&nbsp; At these wharfs many casks of
+fruit, plums, currants, figs, oranges, and lemons, are brought on
+shore, to be taken away in carts to grocers, fruiterers, and
+orange-merchants.&nbsp; It is the business of a merchant to bring
+over these things for our use, and for which we are obliged to
+him.&nbsp; The West and East India Docks receive now, most of the
+shipping used to and from those countries, and are considered
+more secure from robberies, than the open wharfs by the sides of
+the river Thames used to be.</p>
+<h3>9.&nbsp; The Coal-ship and Barge.</h3>
+<p style="text-align: center">
+<a href="images/pic9b.jpg">
+<img alt=
+"The coal-ship and barge"
+title=
+"The coal-ship and barge"
+src="images/pic9s.jpg" />
+</a></p>
+<p>This is one of the ships called Newcastle Colliers, laden with
+coals from the mines in Northumberland.&nbsp; These vessels are
+too large to come close to the wharfs to unload; so the coals are
+emptied into barges, (which are a kind of large, flat boats,) and
+carried in them to the different wharfs where they are to be
+landed.</p>
+<blockquote><p><a name="page12"></a><span class="pagenum">p.
+12</span>Drawn up from the dreary mine,<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp; See the black and shining coal;<br />
+Where the sun can never shine,<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp; Through the deep and dismal hole.</p>
+<p>There the sooty miners stay,<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp; Digging at their work forlorn;<br />
+Or, to see the light of day,<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp; In a swinging bucket drawn.</p>
+<p>Then along the roaring tide,<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp; Where the tempest bellow&rsquo;d keen,<br />
+Did the laden vessel ride,<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp; Toss&rsquo;d among the waters green.</p>
+<p>Wide were spread her canvass sails,<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp; Tall and taper rose her mast:<br />
+Now, before the northern gales,<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp; She has reach&rsquo;d her port at last.</p>
+</blockquote>
+<h3>10.&nbsp; The Custom House.</h3>
+<p style="text-align: center">
+<a href="images/pic10b.jpg">
+<img alt=
+"The Custom House"
+title=
+"The Custom House"
+src="images/pic10s.jpg" />
+</a></p>
+<p>Adjoining Billingsgate stands the New Custom House, which is
+the office where the duties are collected on goods exported or
+imported.&nbsp; The building is situated in Lower Thames-street,
+fronting the river, occupying an immense space of ground.&nbsp;
+The dimensions of it are upwards of 480 feet long, by 107 feet
+wide.&nbsp; The first stone <a name="page13"></a><span
+class="pagenum">p. 13</span>was laid on the 25th of October,
+1813, being the 53d anniversary of king George the Third&rsquo;s
+accession; and it was opened for public business on the 12th of
+May, 1817.</p>
+<p>The long room is of extraordinary size, being 190 feet long,
+by 66 wide, and proportionably high.&nbsp; This is the principal
+place for all foreign business.</p>
+<p>The former Custom House having been burnt down, precautions
+have been taken to prevent the recurrence of a similar accident
+in the new building; and fire-proof rooms are provided on each
+floor, where the books and papers are deposited every
+evening.</p>
+<h3>11.&nbsp; The Press-gang.</h3>
+<p style="text-align: center">
+<a href="images/pic11b.jpg">
+<img alt=
+"The Press-gang"
+title=
+"The Press-gang"
+src="images/pic11s.jpg" />
+</a></p>
+<p>From the Custom House it is but a few steps to
+Tower-hill.&nbsp; Well, there is a view of it, and of the Tender,
+which is an old man-of-war, riding at anchor on the Thames, for
+the purpose of receiving impressed men for the king&rsquo;s
+service.</p>
+<blockquote><p>Say, Mr. Lieutenant, before I surrender,<br />
+By what right you take me on board of your tender?<br />
+In the peaceable trader I rather would be,<br />
+And no man-of-war, Sir, I thank you, for me.</p>
+</blockquote>
+<h3><a name="page14"></a><span class="pagenum">p.
+14</span>12.&nbsp; The Tower of London</h3>
+<p style="text-align: center">
+<a href="images/pic12b.jpg">
+<img alt=
+"The Tower of London"
+title=
+"The Tower of London"
+src="images/pic12s.jpg" />
+</a></p>
+<p>Is an ancient and irregular building, which arises from its
+having been erected and enlarged by different sovereigns, at
+distant periods of time.&nbsp; It was the palace of many of our
+monarchs, as well as a place of defence.&nbsp; William of
+Normandy, called the Conqueror, having no great reliance on the
+fidelity of his new subjects, built a fortress, (called the White
+Tower,) on part of the present scite of the Tower, to which the
+origin of this fabric may be attributed.&nbsp; In 1092, William
+Rufus laid the foundation of a castle to the south, towards the
+river, which was finished by his successor.&nbsp; Beneath this
+were two gates, one called <i>Traitor&rsquo;s</i> Gate, through
+which state-prisoners were conveyed to their prisons; the other
+entitled <i>Bloody</i>, which, too many who entered it, found it
+deserved; imprisonment in those dark ages, being mostly the
+certain passport to death. <a name="citation14"></a><a
+href="#footnote14" class="citation">[14]</a>&nbsp; Charles the
+Second cleared the ditch, improved <a name="page15"></a><span
+class="pagenum">p. 15</span>the wharfings, and introduced water
+by convenient sluices.&nbsp; The whole underwent considerable
+repairs in the reign of George the Third.</p>
+<p>The principal entrance is by three gates on the west
+side.&nbsp; The whole are guarded by soldiers; and when these
+gates are opened of a morning, the formalities of a garrison are
+observed, though the interior now resembles a town at peace,
+having streets, and a variety of buildings.&nbsp; When the gates
+are shut at night, the Yeoman Porter, with a serjeant and six
+privates, goes to the governor&rsquo;s house for the keys, and on
+the porter&rsquo;s returning from the outer gate, he is
+challenged by the guard, drawn up under arms, with, &ldquo;<i>Who
+comes there</i>?&rdquo; to which he replies, &ldquo;<i>The
+Keys</i>.&rdquo;&nbsp; The guards answer, &ldquo;<i>Pass
+Keys</i>,&rdquo; and rest their firelocks.&nbsp; The yeoman
+porter says, &ldquo;<i>God save the King</i>!&rdquo; and the
+ceremony closes with a general &ldquo;<i>Amen</i>.&rdquo;</p>
+<p>The Wardens, or Yeomen Porters of the Tower, wear a uniform,
+the same as the yeomen <a name="page16"></a><span
+class="pagenum">p. 16</span>of the king&rsquo;s guard at the
+palaces.&nbsp; Their coats are of fine scarlet cloth, laced with
+gold round the edges and seams, with several rows of gold lace,
+and bound round the waist with a girdle of the same
+material.&nbsp; Their form is uncommon, having full sleeves, and
+short, full skirts.&nbsp; On their breasts and backs they wear
+the king&rsquo;s silver badge of the rose, thistle, and shamrock,
+with the letters G. R.&nbsp; Their heads are covered with round,
+flat-crowned caps, tied with bands of coloured ribbons.&nbsp; The
+whole appearance forms an elegant livery, well adapted to
+royalty.</p>
+<h3>13.&nbsp; The Armory.</h3>
+<p style="text-align: center">
+<a href="images/pic13b.jpg">
+<img alt=
+"The Armory"
+title=
+"The Armory"
+src="images/pic13s.jpg" />
+</a></p>
+<p>The spoils of the Spanish Armada are still shown in the
+Tower.&nbsp; There are, amongst them, several kinds of arms and
+instruments of cruelty, designed for torturing their English
+prisoners; and the following list of them will prove the
+barbarity of Spain at that period.</p>
+<p style="text-align: center"><span class="GutSmall">THE SPOILS
+OF THE SPANISH ARMADA.</span></p>
+<p>1.&nbsp; The pope&rsquo;s banner, by him blessed and declared
+invincible.</p>
+<p>2.&nbsp; A battle-axe for penetrating steel armour.</p>
+<p><a name="page17"></a><span class="pagenum">p.
+17</span>3.&nbsp; A spadole, used as a small sword, the point
+poisoned.</p>
+<p>4.&nbsp; An anchove, for hooking men off their horses.</p>
+<p>5.&nbsp; A lance.</p>
+<p>6.&nbsp; A lance, with the current coin on the head.</p>
+<p>7.&nbsp; A Spanish morning star: the points were poisoned, to
+keep people from boarding ships.</p>
+<p>8.&nbsp; A lance, which the Spaniards vauntingly said was for
+bleeding the English.</p>
+<p>9.&nbsp; A battle-axe with a pistol at the end.</p>
+<p>10.&nbsp; A battle-axe.</p>
+<p>11.&nbsp; A Spanish bilbo, to lock the English by the
+legs.</p>
+<p>12.&nbsp; A thumb-screw, an instrument of torture.</p>
+<p>13.&nbsp; A Spanish instrument of torture, called the
+cravat.</p>
+<p>14.&nbsp; A Spanish shield with a pistol fixed in it.</p>
+<p>15.&nbsp; A battle-axe, or scull-cracker, to make four holes
+at a blow.</p>
+<p>16.&nbsp; The Spanish general&rsquo;s shield of honour.</p>
+<p>17.&nbsp; Spike-shot.</p>
+<p>18.&nbsp; Bar-shot.</p>
+<div class="gapspace">&nbsp;</div>
+<p>The figure of Queen Elizabeth in armour, forms a proper
+addition to the collection.&nbsp; She stands in a spirited
+attitude, by a cream-coloured horse, attended by her page.&nbsp;
+The axe that beheaded the unfortunate Ann Boleyn, wife of the
+cruel King Henry the Eighth, is also shown here.&nbsp; The small
+armoury contains stands of <a name="page18"></a><span
+class="pagenum">p. 18</span>arms for one hundred thousand men,
+tastefully arranged in a variety of figures.&nbsp; The apartment
+is three hundred and forty-five feet in length, and is thought to
+exceed every thing of the kind in Europe.</p>
+<h3>14.&nbsp; The Horse Armory.</h3>
+<p style="text-align: center">
+<a href="images/pic14b.jpg">
+<img alt=
+"The Horse Armory"
+title=
+"The Horse Armory"
+src="images/pic14s.jpg" />
+</a></p>
+<p>The Horse Armory is a large apartment, containing, amongst
+many curiosities, seventeen of the kings of England on horseback,
+in the suits of armour they had each worn.&nbsp; Most of this
+armour is very rich, and beautifully ornamented.&nbsp; The
+furniture of the horses is of velvet, laced with gold.</p>
+<p>There is a suit of armour belonging to John of Gaunt, Duke of
+Lancaster, which is seven feet high; and another made for Henry
+the Eighth, when sixteen years old, which is six feet in
+height.</p>
+<h3>15.&nbsp; The Wild Beasts in the Tower.</h3>
+<p style="text-align: center">
+<a href="images/pic15b.jpg">
+<img alt=
+"The Wild Beasts in the Tower"
+title=
+"The Wild Beasts in the Tower"
+src="images/pic15s.jpg" />
+</a></p>
+<p>But no sight in the Tower is more interesting than the wild
+beasts: lions, tigers, leopards, bears, monkeys, &amp;c.&nbsp; As
+they are confined in <a name="page19"></a><span
+class="pagenum">p. 19</span>cages, with iron gates before them,
+there is no danger, if people keep their distance; but some
+dreadful accidents have happened, by children going within reach
+of the paws of the lion, she bear, or tiger.</p>
+<blockquote><p>Don&rsquo;t be frighten&rsquo;d, young lady, to
+look at the lion,<br />
+You see he can&rsquo;t spring through the grating of iron;<br />
+But if you were wand&rsquo;ring, like poor Mungo Park,<br />
+In Africa&rsquo;s forests, bewilder&rsquo;d and dark;<br />
+And there, where no refuge or hut could be found,<br />
+Should hear his fierce roar thro&rsquo; the valleys around;<br />
+Or there, by the moonlight, astonish&rsquo;d to stand,<br />
+And see his huge shadow glide by on the sand;<br />
+Oh, then you might tremble with terror, and fly<br />
+And hide &rsquo;mid the palm-tree till he had passed by:<br />
+An enemy fierce and all-powerful then,<br />
+But now a poor captive confined in his den.</p>
+</blockquote>
+<h3>16.&nbsp; The Jewel Office.</h3>
+<p>This office is a strong stone room, in which are kept the
+crown, ball, and sceptre, used by the kings of England at their
+coronation, all richly set with jewels; besides other crowns and
+regal ornaments, and some pieces of curious old plate.&nbsp; The
+crown worn by the king when he goes in state to the House of
+Lords, is enriched <a name="page20"></a><span class="pagenum">p.
+20</span>with an emerald seven inches round, with other gems of
+great value.&nbsp; Great precautions are taken to secure the
+regalia, the whole being enclosed within a grate.&nbsp; This was
+found needful in the days of Charles the Second, after a daring,
+unprincipled man, named <i>Blood</i>, had attempted to steal the
+crown and other royal ornaments.&nbsp; Under the form of a
+clergyman, and pretended friendship to Mr. Edwards, who was
+keeper of the jewels, he introduced three of his companions, as
+wicked as himself, and having knocked down and gagged the
+unsuspecting old man, they concealed the crown and other
+valuables under their clothes, and were going off with their
+booty, leaving the keeper, as they supposed, dead, or stunned
+with their blows, on the floor; but he never lost his senses, and
+taking advantage of their security, forced out the gag, and
+calling for assistance, pursued the villains, and recovered the
+spoil!</p>
+<p>In our picture is seen</p>
+<p><span class="GutSmall">Fig.</span></p>
+<p>1.&nbsp; The imperial crown of Great Britain.</p>
+<p>2.&nbsp; The golden sceptre with the cross.</p>
+<p>3.&nbsp; The sceptre with the dove of peace.</p>
+<p>4.&nbsp; St. Edward&rsquo;s staff, carried before the king at
+his coronation.</p>
+<p>5.&nbsp; The golden orb, which is put into the king&rsquo;s
+right hand before he is crowned.</p>
+<p><a name="page21"></a><span class="pagenum">p.
+21</span>6.&nbsp; The king&rsquo;s coronation ring.</p>
+<p>7.&nbsp; The culanna, or pointless sword, being the sword of
+mercy.</p>
+<p>8 and 9.&nbsp; The swords of justice, spiritual and
+temporal.</p>
+<h3>17.&nbsp; Rag Fair and Old Clothes.</h3>
+<p>Not far from the Tower is Rosemary Lane, where Rag Fair is
+daily held.&nbsp; To describe the great variety there sold, would
+exceed all bounds; we would, however, advise every country
+customer who visits that place, to take particular care of his
+pockets, that the money depart not without his consent; and, if
+he takes change, to see well that the silver be good.&nbsp; A
+word to the wise is sufficient.&nbsp; But as many dealers in old
+clothes know that an industrious disposition is worth more than
+good opportunities without it; and as nothing is to be got by
+standing still, up old Levi gets early in the morning, and
+rambles about from street to street, and buys old clothes of
+those who have got new ones: or sometimes he gets a stock of hats
+and slippers, and then begins his walk again.&nbsp; So, as he
+wants his money more than he does his goods, he sells them to
+those who <a name="page22"></a><span class="pagenum">p.
+22</span>want the goods more than they want their money.&nbsp;
+Thus both parties are accommodated.&nbsp; This is the business of
+a trader; and his customers are as much obliged to him for
+letting them have his things, as he is to them for letting him
+have their money.</p>
+<h3>18.&nbsp; Ship-building.</h3>
+<p>Now we have a distant view of a man-of-war (which is a great
+fighting ship) building at Deptford.&nbsp; You may see, by the
+boats in the front, how large it must be; for the further off any
+thing is, the smaller it looks; and yet it seems larger at this
+distance, than the boats which are close by.&nbsp; It is like a
+large floating house, with convenient apartments, sufficient to
+accommodate 800 people.&nbsp; Numbers of men have been at work on
+it for several years; and hundreds of fine oaks, which have been
+from fifty to a hundred years in growing, have been cut down to
+build it with: besides all the iron from Sweden, for bolts and
+nails; and fir-trees from Norway, for planks and masts; and
+copper from Cornwall, to cover its bottom with, to preserve it
+from being rotted by the sea-water and from other injuries; and
+the pitch, tar, <a name="page23"></a><span class="pagenum">p.
+23</span>paint, glue, and I cannot tell how many other things,
+which must be used before it is fit to swim.&nbsp; What a pity
+that all this expense and trouble should be wasted in contriving
+to kill our neighbours and destroy their property; when it might
+be employed to the advantage of both parties by promoting a
+friendly intercourse with each other.</p>
+<h3>19.&nbsp; Nosegays.</h3>
+<p style="text-align: center">
+<a href="images/pic19b.jpg">
+<img alt=
+"Nosegays"
+title=
+"Nosegays"
+src="images/pic19s.jpg" />
+</a></p>
+<blockquote><p>Through many a long and winding lane,<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp; My wand&rsquo;ring feet have stray&rsquo;d;<br />
+While yet the drops of early rain<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp; Were sparkling on the blade.</p>
+<p>Along the hedge I bent my way,<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp; Where roses wild are seen;<br />
+Or cowslips peeping out so gay<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp; Among the tangled green.</p>
+<p>Or primrose, with its pucker&rsquo;d leaf<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp; And simple early bloom;<br />
+Or violet, hiding underneath<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp; The hedge&rsquo;s shady gloom.</p>
+<p>With finger wet with morning dew,<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp; And torn by many a spray,<br />
+My roses red, and violets blue,<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp; I bound in posies gay.</p>
+<p><a name="page24"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 24</span>Before
+the sun has risen high,<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp; And all their colours fade,<br />
+Come, lady fair, my posies buy,<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp; Of modest wild-flow&rsquo;rs made.</p>
+</blockquote>
+<h3>20.&nbsp; The Water-cress Girl,</h3>
+<blockquote><p>Lady, lady, buy, I pray,<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp; Water-cresses fresh and young;<br />
+Many miles I&rsquo;m forced to stray,<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp; Lanes and meadows damp among.<br />
+Stooping at the crystal brook,<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp; By the morning light I&rsquo;m seen:<br />
+Lady, lady, pray you look;<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp; Buy my water-cresses green.</p>
+<p>&rsquo;Tis the honest truth I tell,<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp; These were gather&rsquo;d fresh to-day;<br />
+I have cause to know it well,<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp; By the long and weary way.<br />
+On my arm, so tann&rsquo;d and brown,<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp; So my little basket hung;<br />
+As I travell&rsquo;d back to town,<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp; With my water-cresses young.</p>
+<p>Hardly was a little bird<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp; Stirring as I went along;<br />
+Not a waggon-wheel I heard,<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp; Nor the ploughman&rsquo;s cheery song.<br />
+<a name="page25"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 25</span>Still upon
+the waters grey,<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp; Mists of early morning hung;<br />
+Buy then, lady fair, I pray,<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp; Buy my water-cresses young.</p>
+</blockquote>
+<h3>21.&nbsp; The Brewer&rsquo;s Dray.</h3>
+<p style="text-align: center">
+<a href="images/pic21b.jpg">
+<img alt=
+"The Brewer&rsquo;s Dray"
+title=
+"The Brewer&rsquo;s Dray"
+src="images/pic21s.jpg" />
+</a></p>
+<blockquote><p>Here travels the brewer along with his dray,<br />
+And the horse seems as if he had something to say;<br />
+Now (tho&rsquo; between friends I am forced to confess<br />
+That I cannot quite <i>hear</i> him) I think I can guess:<br />
+&ldquo;Good master,&rdquo; perhaps, &ldquo;do not give such a
+smack;<br />
+For even a dray-horse can feel on his back;<br />
+And surely &rsquo;tis fair that my labour should earn,<br />
+At least civil treatment from you in return.&rdquo;</p>
+</blockquote>
+<h3>22.&nbsp; The Twopenny-post Boy.</h3>
+<p style="text-align: center">
+<a href="images/pic22b.jpg">
+<img alt=
+"The Twopenny-post Boy"
+title=
+"The Twopenny-post Boy"
+src="images/pic22s.jpg" />
+</a></p>
+<p>This is a most welcome lad to many a tradesman, when he brings
+good orders, with a Banknote, or bill to be regularly paid: also
+to every parent, child, or friend, who wishes to hear of the
+welfare of parties that live at a distance.</p>
+<blockquote><p>Quoth I to the Postman, good master, your nag,<br
+/>
+By this time is tired by the weight of your bag;<br />
+<a name="page26"></a><span class="pagenum">p.
+26</span>You&rsquo;ve set off from your office, and rode without
+stopping,<br />
+Till your poor panting steed is in danger of dropping.<br />
+Now, said he, if these letters were weigh&rsquo;d by their
+sense,<br />
+&rsquo;Twere a chance if they rose o&rsquo;er a couple of
+pence;<br />
+And if that could be managed, my beast would not mind,<br />
+If I carried them with me, or left them behind.</p>
+</blockquote>
+<h3>23.&nbsp; The Dancing Bear and Dogs.</h3>
+<p style="text-align: center">
+<a href="images/pic23b.jpg">
+<img alt=
+"The Dancing Bear and Dogs"
+title=
+"The Dancing Bear and Dogs"
+src="images/pic23s.jpg" />
+</a></p>
+<p>I wish the bear had remained in Russia or Poland, rather than,
+after being brought from his native woods, to be thus tormented;
+for who can tell what misery he underwent in learning to move at
+the command of his keeper.&nbsp; And as for the poor dogs, they
+must be very tired before their day&rsquo;s work is ended.&nbsp;
+I would rather find employment for the men, than give them money
+for punishing poor animals as they do!</p>
+<h3>24.&nbsp; The Camel and Monkey.</h3>
+<p style="text-align: center">
+<a href="images/pic24b.jpg">
+<img alt=
+"The Camel and Monkey"
+title=
+"The Camel and Monkey"
+src="images/pic24s.jpg" />
+</a></p>
+<p>What a wonderful place is this said London!&nbsp; Here are not
+only bears from the cold regions of <a name="page27"></a><span
+class="pagenum">p. 27</span>Russia, Poland, and America, but also
+a camel from the hot sands of Arabia or the East Indies, walking
+in the streets!&nbsp; Behold the playful monkey on its head, and
+numbers of fearless boys upon its back.&nbsp; In Turkey, Arabia,
+and Persia, the camel is a most useful creature, carrying very
+great weights of spices and merchandise, for a considerable
+number of miles, and for several days together, without any kind
+of sustenance.&nbsp; They are said to have a particular property,
+in scenting out places in the sand where water is to be
+found.</p>
+<p>The milk of this animal is very nutritive, and, mixed with
+water, forms the principle beverage of the Arabians.&nbsp; The
+flesh supplies them with food: that of the young is reckoned a
+delicacy.</p>
+<p>The camel feeds entirely on vegetables.&nbsp; Not only pencils
+and brushes for painters, but some very neat and fine garments
+have been made with its hair.</p>
+<blockquote><p>In Arabian deserts bare,<br />
+I have toil&rsquo;d with patient care,<br />
+While upon my crooked back<br />
+Hung the merchant&rsquo;s precious pack,<br />
+Full of spices and of gold,<br />
+In the markets to be sold:<br />
+<a name="page28"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 28</span>But it was
+my native clime,<br />
+And I liked it all the time.</p>
+<p>Now a poor and weary hack,<br />
+With a monkey on my back,<br />
+Taught by many a knock and bruise,<br />
+I the gaping crowd amuse,<br />
+Through your city as I go,<br />
+Tired and dismal, for a show:<br />
+Oh! that I could see again<br />
+My native, sandy, barren plain!</p>
+</blockquote>
+<h3>25.&nbsp; The Royal Exchange.</h3>
+<p style="text-align: center">
+<a href="images/pic25b.jpg">
+<img alt=
+"The Royal Exchange"
+title=
+"The Royal Exchange"
+src="images/pic25s.jpg" />
+</a></p>
+<p>Here merchants meet from all parts of the world.&nbsp; The
+traffic on the seas being very great, to and from every nation,
+in time of peace, it must afford great convenience to the
+ship-owners, ship-captains, and traders, to have one spot where
+they can meet to transact their business.&nbsp; Sir Thomas
+Gresham, a merchant, laid the foundation in 1566, and Queen
+Elizabeth was so pleased with the building, that she dignified it
+with the title of <i>Royal Exchange</i>, by sound of trumpet.</p>
+<p>The inside of the Exchange affords a busy scene: Englishmen,
+Dutchmen, Frenchmen, Spaniards, Russians, Turks, Americans, and
+<a name="page29"></a><span class="pagenum">p.
+29</span>Jews.&nbsp; How intent every one appears to be on
+business, and what a general buzz and din we hear: yet the figure
+of one individual stands very silently in the midst of all, I
+mean the statue of Charles the Second, on a pedestal.&nbsp; In a
+few years, every one of these active merchants will be as
+motionless as this marble statue.&nbsp; It may be of service to
+the busy Englishman, sprightly Frenchman, lazy Spaniard,
+plodding-Dutchman, rough Russian, proud Turk, and rich Jew, to
+reflect on this; and to endeavour, with all their gettings, to
+get understanding.</p>
+<h3>26.&nbsp; The Fire-engine.</h3>
+<p style="text-align: center">
+<a href="images/pic26b.jpg">
+<img alt=
+"The Fire-engine"
+title=
+"The Fire-engine"
+src="images/pic26s.jpg" />
+</a></p>
+<p>We know of no place better supplied with engines for putting
+out fire, than London; and though fires are very frequent, they
+seldom do so much damage as formerly, when houses were built of
+wood, or without party-walls.</p>
+<p>An engine is a very clever contrivance: the pipes convey the
+water over the tops of the houses; and if an engine arrives in
+time, it frequently prevents the flames from spreading further.
+<a name="citation29"></a><a href="#footnote29"
+class="citation">[29]</a></p>
+<h3><a name="page30"></a><span class="pagenum">p.
+30</span>27.&nbsp; Drawing Goods in a Truck.</h3>
+<p style="text-align: center">
+<a href="images/pic27b.jpg">
+<img alt=
+"Drawing Goods in a Truck"
+title=
+"Drawing Goods in a Truck"
+src="images/pic27s.jpg" />
+</a></p>
+<p>Well done, my good boy! and well done, my good dog!&nbsp; Why
+the dog works as hard as the boy, and seems to do it with quite
+as much ease.</p>
+<blockquote><p>In drawing that truck, boy, you now feel a part<br
+/>
+Of what ev&rsquo;ry horse feels, when drawing a cart.</p>
+</blockquote>
+<p>Come, my lad, haste away, to make room for a fine coach, full
+of gay people, coming to the East India House.</p>
+<h3>28.&nbsp; The East India House.</h3>
+<p>The East India Company is one of the most powerful and wealthy
+associations in Europe; <a name="page31"></a><span
+class="pagenum">p. 31</span>and their house in Leadenhall Street
+is a very elegant building.&nbsp; The Company was originally
+formed by Queen Elizabeth, in 1600, principally for the purpose
+of procuring spices at a cheap rate, which were advanced in price
+by the Dutch.&nbsp; From traders they became conquerors of the
+natives, and having obtained a footing in the country, usurped
+the sovereignty over considerable districts; and war, with
+oppression, have too often befallen the harmless natives.&nbsp;
+The India ships bring home tea, coffee, silks both raw and
+manufactured, cottons, muslins, calicoes, drugs, China-ware,
+rice, sago, saltpetre, pepper, indigo, &amp;c &amp;c.</p>
+<h3>29.&nbsp; London Stone.</h3>
+<p style="text-align: center">
+<a href="images/pic29b.jpg">
+<img alt=
+"London Stone"
+title=
+"London Stone"
+src="images/pic29s.jpg" />
+</a></p>
+<p>This is to be seen in Cannon Street, against the wall of St.
+Swithin&rsquo;s church, where it has long been preserved.&nbsp;
+It is now cased with stone-work, and guarded by an iron bar and
+spikes, but still remains open to view.&nbsp; It has been
+supposed to be a standard, from which the Romans, when in
+England, computed their miles.&nbsp; Proclamations were formerly
+delivered from this stone to the people.</p>
+<h3><a name="page32"></a><span class="pagenum">p.
+32</span>30.&nbsp; Guildhall.</h3>
+<p style="text-align: center">
+<a href="images/pic30b.jpg">
+<img alt=
+"The Guildhall"
+title=
+"The Guildhall"
+src="images/pic30s.jpg" />
+</a></p>
+<p>This is the place where the public business of the corporation
+of London is transacted; and where the judges sit to hear and
+determine causes.&nbsp; In this hall the Court of Aldermen and
+Common Council have a very handsome chamber, or court-room, which
+is ornamented with a capital collection of paintings, presented
+to the City of London by the late worthy Alderman Boydell, who
+greatly promoted the arts.&nbsp; The fine painting by Mr. Copley,
+representing the siege of Gibraltar by the Spanish flotilla, and
+likewise an elegant marble statue of George III. our late
+venerable monarch, are well worth seeing by every admirer of the
+arts of painting and statuary.</p>
+<p>Nearly opposite to the entrance of this fine building, and on
+each side of the clock, formerly stood two gigantic statues,
+commonly called Gog and Magog, supposed to be the figures of a
+Briton and a Saxon; but they are now removed to the west end of
+the hall, as they are seen in the picture, No. 31.</p>
+<p>Two modern painted windows complete the decorations of this
+venerable building; the one representing the royal arms, the
+other those of the city of London.</p>
+<h3><a name="page33"></a><span class="pagenum">p.
+33</span>32.&nbsp; The Mansion House,</h3>
+<p style="text-align: center">
+<a href="images/pic32b.jpg">
+<img alt=
+"The Mansion House"
+title=
+"The Mansion House"
+src="images/pic32s.jpg" />
+</a></p>
+<p>Well, here are the Lord Mayor&rsquo;s coach and six horses,
+standing opposite the Mansion House, which is the place of
+residence for every chief magistrate during his mayoralty.&nbsp;
+It is a stone building of magnificence, but appears the more
+heavy and gloomy from its confined situation.</p>
+<h3>33.&nbsp; The Bank of England.</h3>
+<p style="text-align: center">
+<a href="images/pic33b.jpg">
+<img alt=
+"The Bank of England"
+title=
+"The Bank of England"
+src="images/pic33s.jpg" />
+</a></p>
+<p>Not far from the Mansion House stands the Bank of
+England.&nbsp; This building fills a space enclosed by the four
+streets, Bartholomew Lane, Lothbury, Prince&rsquo;s Street, and
+Bank Buildings.&nbsp; It is truly interesting to behold the busy
+scene that daily passes in the rotunda, amongst the buyers and
+sellers of stock, or those who are engaged in transferring it,
+all so eagerly occupied with their affairs, and showing their
+anxiety by their countenances.&nbsp; Where money is, there the
+crowd will be; and persons who go to the Bank should be careful
+lest their pockets be picked of such money as they may have
+received.</p>
+<h3><a name="page34"></a><span class="pagenum">p.
+34</span>34.&nbsp; St. Paul&rsquo;s Cathedral.</h3>
+<p style="text-align: center">
+<a href="images/pic34b.jpg">
+<img alt=
+"St. Paul&rsquo;s Cathedral"
+title=
+"St. Paul&rsquo;s Cathedral"
+src="images/pic34s.jpg" />
+</a></p>
+<p>This is a wonderfully fine building! and the
+countryman&rsquo;s amazement on first seeing it, is very
+naturally expressed in the following lines:</p>
+<blockquote><p>Of all the brave churches I ever did see,<br />
+Sure this seems the greatest and grandest to me!<br />
+What a wonderful place!&nbsp; I am full of surprise,<br />
+And hardly know how to believe my own eyes.<br />
+Why sure that gold cross at the top is so high,<br />
+That it must, now and then, prick a hole in the sky;<br />
+And, for my part, I should not be much in amaze,<br />
+If the moon should run foul of it, one of these days.</p>
+</blockquote>
+<p>It is not only the outside of this fine building that commands
+attention, but the inside also.&nbsp; The whispering gallery, the
+great bell, the library, and so many other curiosities are to be
+seen, that even to name the whole would require more space than
+we can afford in our little work.</p>
+<p>A young country gentleman, who was never before on any thing
+higher than a haystack, has now reached the top of St.
+Paul&rsquo;s, and is admiring the prospect from the iron
+gallery.</p>
+<blockquote><p>Well, certainly, this is a wonderful sight;<br />
+And pays one for climbing up here such a height.<br />
+<a name="page35"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 35</span>Dear, what
+a large city! and full, in all parts,<br />
+Of churches and houses, of horses and carts.<br />
+What hundreds of coaches, and thousands of folk!<br />
+And then, <i>above all</i>, what a very thick smoke!<br />
+I could stand here all <i>day</i> to behold this fine town;<br />
+Tho&rsquo;, as night&rsquo;s coming on, I had better go down.</p>
+</blockquote>
+<p>I think so too, young gentleman: and mind how you go along the
+dark staircase, for it would be a sad thing to fall down among
+that frightful scaffolding.&nbsp; Walk gently, and lay hold of
+the rail as you go along, and you will be safe enough.</p>
+<h3>35.&nbsp; The Blue-coat School, called Christ&rsquo;s
+Hospital.</h3>
+<p style="text-align: center">
+<a href="images/pic35b.jpg">
+<img alt=
+"The Blue-coat School"
+title=
+"The Blue-coat School"
+src="images/pic35s.jpg" />
+</a></p>
+<p>There are nearly one thousand children educated here at a
+time.&nbsp; The boys continue to wear the dress worn in the days
+of the virtuous and youthful prince, Edward the Sixth, who
+founded this school for orphans and other poor children.</p>
+<p>Their singular dress consists of a coat of blue cloth, formed
+something similar to a woman&rsquo;s gown; and in winter they
+wear a yellow woollen petticoat.&nbsp; Their stockings are of
+yellow worsted, and round their waist they buckle a red-leather
+<a name="page36"></a><span class="pagenum">p.
+36</span>girdle.&nbsp; They are also furnished with a round, flat
+woollen cap, about the size of a tea-saucer, which they generally
+carry under their arm.&nbsp; A pewter badge on their breast, and
+a clergyman&rsquo;s band round their neck, complete their antique
+uniform.</p>
+<h3>36.&nbsp; The enraged Ox.</h3>
+<p style="text-align: center">
+<a href="images/pic36b.jpg">
+<img alt=
+"The enraged Ox"
+title=
+"The enraged Ox"
+src="images/pic36s.jpg" />
+</a></p>
+<p>This is what might have been expected, my lad!&nbsp; You have
+been teasing and worrying that animal, till it is become quite
+furious, and now you must take the consequence.&nbsp; It was as
+tame and quiet as any ox in Smithfield, till you began to pull it
+by the tail, and beat it about the horns; and now, (as oxen do
+not know they ought not to be revengeful,) you cannot be
+surprised if it should give you a toss or two.&nbsp; Cruel folks
+are always cowardly, and it is no wonder to see you running away
+in such a dreadful fright.</p>
+<h3>37.&nbsp; The Dustman.</h3>
+<p style="text-align: center">
+<a href="images/pic37b.jpg">
+<img alt=
+"The Dustman"
+title=
+"The Dustman"
+src="images/pic37s.jpg" />
+</a></p>
+<blockquote><p>Bring out your dust, the dustman cries,<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp; Whilst ringing of his bell:<br />
+If the wind blows, pray guard your eyes,<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp; To keep them clear and well.</p>
+</blockquote>
+<p><a name="page37"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 37</span>A very
+useful set of men are these: they remove the dust and dirt from
+the houses in the city.&nbsp; It is a very profitable business;
+for, by sifting and sorting what is taken away, every thing
+becomes useful.&nbsp; There are frequently found cinders for
+firing, ashes and breeze for brickmakers: bones and old rags, tin
+and old iron, are carefully separated from oyster-shells and
+stones, which have their several purchasers.</p>
+<blockquote><p>My masters, I&rsquo;m dirty, nor can I be
+clean;<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp; My bus&rsquo;ness it would ill become,<br />
+With my face and hands clean in the streets to be seen,<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp; While I carry my shovel and broom.</p>
+</blockquote>
+<h3>38.&nbsp; The taking of Guy Fawkes.</h3>
+<p style="text-align: center">
+<a href="images/pic38b.jpg">
+<img alt=
+"The taking of Guy Fawkes"
+title=
+"The taking of Guy Fawkes"
+src="images/pic38s.jpg" />
+</a></p>
+<p>In one of the print-shops of London may be seen a
+representation of the taking of Guy Fawkes, in the reign of King
+James the First.&nbsp; In the year 1605, the plot to destroy the
+king and parliament was discovered, owing to an anonymous letter
+sent to Lord Monteagle.&nbsp; In a cellar under the
+parliament-house, there were found thirty-six barrels of
+gunpowder; upon which were laid bars of iron, massy stones,
+faggots, &amp;c.&nbsp; Near these Guy Fawkes was concealed, with
+a dark lantern and three <a name="page38"></a><span
+class="pagenum">p. 38</span>matches.&nbsp; He instantly confessed
+his guilt; and, with Sir Everard Digby, Catesby, and several
+others, was executed.</p>
+<h3>39.&nbsp; Guy Fawkes in Effigy.</h3>
+<p style="text-align: center">
+<a href="images/pic39b.jpg">
+<img alt=
+"Guy Fawkes in Effigy"
+title=
+"Guy Fawkes in Effigy"
+src="images/pic39s.jpg" />
+</a></p>
+<blockquote><p>Who comes riding hither, as black as a coal,<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp; With matches and old tinder-box,<br />
+And holding his lantern, a figure so droll?<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp; &rsquo;Tis nobody less than Guy Fawkes!</p>
+</blockquote>
+<p>Every parish in England formerly used to have its <i>Pope</i>
+or <i>Guy</i> carried about by idle men and boys on the 5th of
+November, who usually went from house to house, begging for money
+to make a bonfire and a feast.&nbsp; In many of the villages near
+London, there used to be two or more parties of large boys from
+different parts of the parish; and it frequently happened, that
+when one of them thought the other had encroached, by visiting
+such houses for money as were deemed out of their bounds, that
+battles were fought between them.&nbsp; Many were lamed in these
+affrays, and the treasurer to the weakest party has often been
+plundered of such money as had been collected.</p>
+<p>The people of England in general, of late <a
+name="page39"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 39</span>years, have
+discouraged these processions and riots, and they have become so
+insignificant, as to be noticed only by children.&nbsp; But even
+in the present time, some idle people will fire guns, and throw
+squibs into the streets, which have caused many serious
+accidents; and here seems some poor creature going to</p>
+<h3>40.&nbsp; Bartholomew&rsquo;s Hospital,</h3>
+<p style="text-align: center">
+<a href="images/pic40b.jpg">
+<img alt=
+"Bartholomew&rsquo;s Hospital"
+title=
+"Bartholomew&rsquo;s Hospital"
+src="images/pic40s.jpg" />
+</a></p>
+<p>Which is in West Smithfield, and where all persons
+accidentally injured, are admitted at any hour of the day or
+night, and carefully attended by skilful surgeons, and proper
+nurses.&nbsp; This hospital has long remained a monument of the
+piety of its founder, &mdash; Rahere, who was minstrel, or
+jester, to King Henry the First.&nbsp; Grown weary of the gay
+offices of his station, he reformed, founded a priory, and
+established this hospital for the sick and maimed.&nbsp; It was
+granted by King Henry the Eighth, on certain conditions, to the
+City of London, in the last year of his reign, for the same
+purposes as those of its original foundation.&nbsp; The present
+building was erected in the reign of George the Second, in
+1730.</p>
+<h3><a name="page40"></a><span class="pagenum">p.
+40</span>41.&nbsp; Smithfield Market</h3>
+<p style="text-align: center">
+<a href="images/pic41b.jpg">
+<img alt=
+"Smithfield Market"
+title=
+"Smithfield Market"
+src="images/pic41s.jpg" />
+</a></p>
+<p>Is in a large, open, square place, called West Smithfield;
+where is held, for three days in the week, a market for hay and
+straw; and the other three days for horses and cattle of all
+kinds, which make the place very dirty and inelegant in its
+appearance.&nbsp; Various have been the purposes, at different
+periods, to which this place has been applied, it having been
+equally devoted to festive joy, and extreme misery.&nbsp; Here,
+in the days of chivalry, the court and nobility held their
+gallant tilts and tournaments, with a magnificent parade,
+characteristic of the age.&nbsp; On the same spot, for a series
+of years, have been enjoyed by the lowest vulgar, the buffoonery
+humours of Bartholomew Fair, which was first granted by Henry the
+Second, to a neighbouring priory, as a mart for selling the
+commodities of the drapers of London, and clothiers of
+England.&nbsp; As other channels for the disposing of drapery
+goods arose, this fair, from a resort of business, became a
+meeting of pleasure.&nbsp; It continues three days, to the great
+annoyance of real trade and decorum; and a court of
+<i>pie-powder</i> is held daily, to settle the disputes of the
+people who frequent it.&nbsp; On the other hand, in ancient
+times, it was the <a name="page41"></a><span class="pagenum">p.
+41</span>common place of execution for criminals.&nbsp; In the
+centre of the place now enclosed with rails, many martyrs were
+burned at the stake, for their adherence to the reformed
+religion; and, lastly, it was the field of combat, when the guilt
+of the accused was attempted to be decided by duel.</p>
+<p>There has been of late years, a show of fat cattle annually at
+Smithfield, and the feeders of the best kinds have been rewarded
+with money, or a piece of valuable plate, which has greatly
+contributed to encourage the improvement of various breeds of
+sheep and cattle.</p>
+<h3>42.&nbsp; St. Dunstan&rsquo;s Church.</h3>
+<p style="text-align: center">
+<a href="images/pic42b.jpg">
+<img alt=
+"St. Dunstan&rsquo;s Church"
+title=
+"St. Dunstan&rsquo;s Church"
+src="images/pic42s.jpg" />
+</a></p>
+<p>This is in Fleet Street, and had a very narrow escape from the
+great fire of 1666, which stopped within three houses of
+it.&nbsp; There are two savage figures on the outside of the
+clock, that strike the quarters with their clubs, with which
+children and strangers are much amused.&nbsp; Dunstan, before he
+was made a saint, was well skilled in many arts: he was a good
+engraver and worker in brass and iron.&nbsp; He was supposed to
+be the inventor of the <i>Eolian Harp</i>, whose soft notes are
+produced by a current <a name="page42"></a><span
+class="pagenum">p. 42</span>of air causing the wires to
+vibrate.&nbsp; This was not comprehended by the vulgar; so, from
+being wiser than his neighbours, he was deemed a conjuror by
+them.</p>
+<h3>43.&nbsp; The Postman and Letter-Carrier.</h3>
+<p style="text-align: center">
+<a href="images/pic43b.jpg">
+<img alt=
+"The Postman and Letter-Carrier"
+title=
+"The Postman and Letter-Carrier"
+src="images/pic43s.jpg" />
+</a></p>
+<p>Make haste, my good lad, or the postman may be gone.&nbsp;
+These letter-carriers begin to ring a bell about five
+o&rsquo;clock every evening, and collect letters and newspapers
+in the several parts of the town, so as to be able to get to the
+General Post Office in time for sorting them for the
+mail-coaches.</p>
+<p>The gentleman&rsquo;s servant with the letter, seems to be
+sent from some lawyer in the Temple, as there is a view of the
+gardens and fountain.</p>
+<h3>44.&nbsp; The Temple</h3>
+<p>Is a place of residence for students of the common law,
+divided into two societies, called the Inner and the Middle
+Temple, which, with the other law-associations, are called Inns
+of <a name="page43"></a><span class="pagenum">p.
+43</span>Court.&nbsp; The buildings of the Temple are ample and
+numerous, with pleasant gardens extending to the shores of the
+Thames, which prove agreeable retreats to young persons who have
+been engaged in study.</p>
+<h3>45.&nbsp; The Knife-grinder.</h3>
+<p style="text-align: center">
+<a href="images/pic45b.jpg">
+<img alt=
+"The Knife-grinder"
+title=
+"The Knife-grinder"
+src="images/pic45s.jpg" />
+</a></p>
+<p>This man seems to be very busy, and it is but reasonable to
+suppose that he may meet with many employers amongst the students
+of the law, and the law-stationers, in and about the Temple: for
+as they use many pens, a sharp knife must be quite needful for
+mending them.&nbsp; But I think he does not confine himself to
+grinding knives only, but when wanting a job, he cries,
+&ldquo;Knives to grind!&nbsp; Scissors to grind!&nbsp; Razors to
+grind!&rdquo;</p>
+<p>Well! who would believe it? why, that is lazy Tom, turned
+knife-grinder at last!</p>
+<p>&ldquo;Ay, master, and I never was so happy in my life.&nbsp;
+I thought, like a foolish old fellow, that a beggar&rsquo;s life
+must at least be an easy one; but at last I found out, that,
+though I had nothing to do, I often had nothing to eat.&nbsp; So,
+one day, I thought to myself, thinks I, &lsquo;I&rsquo;ve a vast
+mind to bestir myself, and work <a name="page44"></a><span
+class="pagenum">p. 44</span>for my living, for after all this
+idling, I don&rsquo;t see that I am much of a gentleman for
+it.&rsquo;&nbsp; So I bought this grinding barrow, and began
+business for myself; and now I earn a comfortable living, and am
+as happy as the day is long:</p>
+<blockquote><p>&ldquo;And so every body who tries it, will
+find:<br />
+I wish you good morning, Sir&mdash;Scissors to grind!&rdquo;</p>
+</blockquote>
+<h3>46.&nbsp; The Chair-mender.</h3>
+<p style="text-align: center">
+<a href="images/pic46b.jpg">
+<img alt=
+"The Chair-mender"
+title=
+"The Chair-mender"
+src="images/pic46s.jpg" />
+</a></p>
+<blockquote><p>Old chairs to mend! old chairs to mend!<br />
+If I&rsquo;d as much money as I could spend,<br />
+I&rsquo;d leave off crying, old chairs to mend!</p>
+</blockquote>
+<p>Perhaps so, but then you might not be more healthy, useful, or
+happy, than at present.&nbsp; Exercise and sobriety contribute to
+health, and industry produces the means of procuring wealth
+sufficient to live in a comfortable manner.&nbsp; A
+chair-bottomer is a very useful man: he contributes to the ease
+and comfort of many of his employers; yet, one cannot help
+asking, Has every chair which wants a new bottom, been worn out
+fairly?&nbsp; What! have no little boys, or great girls, been
+standing up in them? <a name="page45"></a><span
+class="pagenum">p. 45</span>or drawing them up and down the house
+and yard, to wear out the rushes?</p>
+<p>During the war with Holland, rushes for bottoming chairs were
+very scarce and dear, so that the poor men in that line of
+business found a great difficulty to obtain materials and
+employment.</p>
+<p>This man, although he appears poor, yet he occupies the
+highest situation in the city of London, having taken his seat in
+Panyer Alley, leading from Newgate Street to Paternoster Row;
+where a stone is placed, in the wall of one of the houses, with
+the following inscription in old English verse:</p>
+<blockquote><p style="text-align: center"><span
+class="GutSmall">WHEN Y HAVE SOVGH</span><span
+class="GutSmall"><sup>T</sup></span><br />
+<span class="GutSmall">THE CITTY ROVND</span>,<br />
+<span class="GutSmall">YET STILL THS IS</span><br />
+<span class="GutSmall">THE HIGHS</span><span
+class="GutSmall"><sup>T</sup></span><span class="GutSmall">
+GROVND</span>.<br />
+<span class="GutSmall">AVGVST THE </span>27,<br />
+1688.</p>
+</blockquote>
+<h3>47.&nbsp; The News Boy and Flying Pieman.</h3>
+<p style="text-align: center">
+<a href="images/pic47b.jpg">
+<img alt=
+"The News Boy and Flying Pieman"
+title=
+"The News Boy and Flying Pieman"
+src="images/pic47s.jpg" />
+</a></p>
+<p>&ldquo;Great News!&nbsp; Great News!&rdquo;&nbsp; &ldquo;All
+Hot!&nbsp; Smoking Hot!&rdquo;&nbsp; These are two busy men,
+indeed; one cries food for the mind, and the other <a
+name="page46"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 46</span>food for the
+body.&nbsp; Neither of these tradesmen keep long in one
+place.&nbsp; The news-boy would be very glad to have a hot
+plumcake, but he has not time to eat it; nor will the pieman wait
+to hear what the news is.&nbsp; So that they are not only <i>busy
+men</i>, but what is very different, <i>men of
+business</i>.&nbsp; They are passing by <i>The Obelisk</i>, in
+Fleet Street, built by the City of London, on the spot which was
+once the centre of Fleet Ditch, which flowed as high as Holborn
+Bridge, under that part which Fleet Market is now built upon.</p>
+<h3>48.&nbsp; Blackfriars&rsquo; Bridge.</h3>
+<p style="text-align: center">
+<a href="images/pic48b.jpg">
+<img alt=
+"Blackfriars&rsquo; Bridge"
+title=
+"Blackfriars&rsquo; Bridge"
+src="images/pic48s.jpg" />
+</a></p>
+<p>Here we have a view of Blackfriars&rsquo; Bridge, and, from
+the great bustle there is upon the river, there seems to be a
+rowing match among several watermen.&nbsp; This bridge is a noble
+structure, consisting of nine arches, the centre one being one
+hundred feet wide.&nbsp; Over each pier is a recess, with seats
+for passengers on the bridge, supported by two beautiful Ionic
+pillars, which stand on a semi-circular projection, rising above
+high-water mark; and the whole <a name="page47"></a><span
+class="pagenum">p. 47</span>appears an admirable piece of
+workmanship, upon the water.&nbsp; This bridge was begun in the
+year 1760, from a design of Robert Mylne, Esq. the architect, and
+finished in about eight years, at the expence of rather more than
+one hundred and fifty thousand pounds.</p>
+<p>Blackfriars&rsquo; Bridge is a very pleasant place for a walk,
+especially on a fine summer&rsquo;s evening, when the air is
+still and serene, and the light pleasure-boats are gliding up and
+down the river with their gay companies.</p>
+<p>It is a beautiful sight to see the sun setting from this
+place: it shines upon the great dome of St. Paul&rsquo;s, in all
+its glory, and makes it look as if it were made of gold.&nbsp;
+The watermen are always waiting about the bridges, and keep a
+brisk cry of Boat! boat, who wants a boat?&nbsp; Oars, Sir!
+sculler, Sir!</p>
+<h3>49.&nbsp; Temple Bar.</h3>
+<p style="text-align: center">
+<a href="images/pic49b.jpg">
+<img alt=
+"Temple Bar"
+title=
+"Temple Bar"
+src="images/pic49s.jpg" />
+</a></p>
+<p>Temple Bar is a noble gateway of stone, with a large arch in
+the centre for carriages, and a covered path on each side for
+foot-passengers.&nbsp; It is now the only gate standing, except
+St. John&rsquo;s Gate, Smithfield, out of the <a
+name="page48"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 48</span>many formerly
+used at the several principal entries into the city.&nbsp; On
+some public occasions, as, when the king or any of the royal
+family come into the city, or on a proclamation of peace, this
+gate is shut and opened with great formality.&nbsp; On the latter
+occasion, the gates of Temple Bar are shut, to show that the
+jurisdiction of the city is under the Lord Mayor.&nbsp; The
+knight-marshal, with his officers, having reached this barrier of
+city authority, the trumpets are sounded thrice; and the junior
+officer of arms riding up to the gate, knocks with a cane.&nbsp;
+The city marshal within demands, &ldquo;Who comes
+there?&rdquo;&nbsp; The herald replies, &ldquo;The officers of
+arms, who ask entrance into the city, to publish his
+majesty&rsquo;s proclamation of peace.&rdquo;&nbsp; On this the
+gates are opened, and he alone is admitted; when, being conducted
+to the Lord Mayor, he shows the royal warrant, which his lordship
+having read and returned, he orders the city marshal to open the
+gates.&nbsp; This being done, the heralds resume their places;
+and the procession, joined by the city magistrates, proceeds to
+the Royal Exchange, where the proclamation is read.</p>
+<p>The very great improvements already made from Temple Bar
+towards St. James&rsquo;s, have cost so considerable a sum of
+money, that the <a name="page49"></a><span class="pagenum">p.
+49</span>destruction of this gate, or bar, has been delayed much
+longer than was expected.&nbsp; The upper part of it was used of
+late years as an office for publishing the Star newspaper.</p>
+<p>Shortly after the rebellion of 1745, the heads of three rebel
+noblemen were fixed on three poles, on the top of the gate, where
+they remained till they decayed, or were blown down by a high
+wind.</p>
+<h3>50.&nbsp; The Paviors.</h3>
+<p style="text-align: center">
+<a href="images/pic50b.jpg">
+<img alt=
+"The Paviors"
+title=
+"The Paviors"
+src="images/pic50s.jpg" />
+</a></p>
+<p>When we see a rope, with a wisp of straw tied to it, across
+the street, no carriage should attempt to pass, for that is the
+pavior&rsquo;s signal that the road is stopped, by their being at
+work on the stones.&nbsp; And hard work it seems to be, to use
+the heavy rammer.</p>
+<blockquote><p>&ldquo;Does not each walker know the warning
+sign,<br />
+When wisps of straw depend upon the twine<br />
+Cross the close street, that then the pavior&rsquo;s art<br />
+Renews the way, denied to coach or cart?<br />
+For thee the sturdy pavior thumps the ground,<br />
+Whilst every stroke his labouring lungs resound.&rdquo;</p>
+</blockquote>
+<p>The stones for paving London are mostly brought from the
+quarries of Scotland, by ships; <a name="page50"></a><span
+class="pagenum">p. 50</span>and very few towns or cities in
+Europe are better paved than the City of London.&nbsp; Indeed,
+every year seems to add improvements, for the health and comfort
+of the inhabitants.</p>
+<p>The country farmer, who has been used to nothing but ploughed
+fields, and uneven, rutted lanes, or, at best, to the rough
+gravel of a cross-country road, would be surprised to see the
+streets of London paved as neatly as Farmer Furrowdale&rsquo;s
+kitchen, and the lamps lighted as regularly every evening, as
+that in the great hall at the &rsquo;squires.&nbsp; And now, by
+the introduction of gas, the principal streets are very
+brilliantly illuminated, without the aid of tallow, oil, or
+cotton.</p>
+<h3>51.&nbsp; Westminster Abbey.</h3>
+<p style="text-align: center">
+<a href="images/pic51b.jpg">
+<img alt=
+"Westminster Abbey"
+title=
+"Westminster Abbey"
+src="images/pic51s.jpg" />
+</a></p>
+<p>There seems to be one more great person removed from this
+life, and going in a hearse with six horses, to his last
+home.&nbsp; Westminster Abbey is a fine Gothic pile, and was
+founded by <i>Sebert</i>, king of the East Saxons, but at what
+time is uncertain.&nbsp; In this place the kings and queens of
+England have been crowned, ever since the days of Pope Nicholas
+<a name="page51"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 51</span>the
+Second, who appointed it for their inauguration.&nbsp; The
+coronation chairs are kept here, and the seat of the most ancient
+one is the stone on which the kings of Scotland used to be
+crowned, brought to Westminster by Edward the First.</p>
+<p>The great number of monuments, and other curiosities of this
+venerable building, with the variety of pavements and chapels,
+are well worthy of a visit from every enquiring stranger; but the
+insertion of a full description here, would be more than can be
+expected.</p>
+<h3>52.&nbsp; The Tombs.</h3>
+<p style="text-align: center">
+<a href="images/pic52b.jpg">
+<img alt=
+"The Tombs"
+title=
+"The Tombs"
+src="images/pic52s.jpg" />
+</a></p>
+<p>There is a Westminster scholar, and he appears to be
+explaining the particulars of some Latin inscription, to his
+mother and sister, who have called to see him.&nbsp; Methinks I
+hear the lady say, &ldquo;See, my dear children, what the richest
+and greatest come to at last.&nbsp; Rich and poor, high and low,
+must all be laid in the grave; and though this noble monument
+appears very grand to the living, it makes no difference to
+&lsquo;the poor inhabitant below,&rsquo; whether he lies <a
+name="page52"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 52</span>beneath a
+beautiful pile of white marble, or has only a few green osiers
+bound over his grave.&rdquo;</p>
+<h3>53.&nbsp; Westminster Bridge</h3>
+<p style="text-align: center">
+<a href="images/pic53b.jpg">
+<img alt=
+"Westminster Bridge"
+title=
+"Westminster Bridge"
+src="images/pic53s.jpg" />
+</a></p>
+<p>Is admired both for the grandeur and simplicity which are
+united in its several parts.&nbsp; Henry, Earl of Pembroke,
+promoted the erection of this bridge, and laid the first stone,
+in the beginning of the year 1739.&nbsp; It has thirteen arches,
+exclusive of a very small one at each end.&nbsp; The foundation
+is laid on a solid bed of gravel, and the piers are solid blocks
+of Portland stone, uniting strength with neatness.&nbsp; It was
+eight years and three quarters in completing, and cost
+&pound;389,500 being more than double the cost of
+Blackfriars&rsquo;.&nbsp; Westminster Bridge was opened for
+carriages about midnight, by a procession of gentlemen, the chief
+artificers, and a multitude of spectators.&nbsp; The architect
+was not a native of this country: his name was Labelye.</p>
+<p>Not far from the bridge, in old Palace Yard, stands
+Westminster Hall.</p>
+<h3><a name="page53"></a><span class="pagenum">p.
+53</span>54.&nbsp; Westminster Hall</h3>
+<p style="text-align: center">
+<a href="images/pic54b.jpg">
+<img alt=
+"Westminster Hall"
+title=
+"Westminster Hall"
+src="images/pic54s.jpg" />
+</a></p>
+<p>Is thought to be the largest room in Europe unsupported by
+pillars, being two hundred and seventy feet in length, and
+seventy-four in breadth.&nbsp; The roof is of curious workmanship
+in oak, and reminds the beholders of a grove of trees, whose top
+branches extend toward each other till they unite.&nbsp; A great
+feast was held in this vast apartment, and other rooms of the
+palace, in the days of King Richard the Second, who is said to
+have entertained ten thousand guests, with his usual
+hospitality.</p>
+<p>This hall was the court of justice in which the sovereign
+presided in person.&nbsp; Hence the Court of King&rsquo;s Bench
+took its name.&nbsp; Charles the First was tried here, and
+condemned to suffer death by his own subjects.&nbsp; The trial of
+peers, or of any person impeached by the Commons, has been
+usually held here; and the coronation feasts have been celebrated
+therein for many ages.</p>
+<p>The ground on which the hall stands is so near to the water,
+that on several high tides <a name="page54"></a><span
+class="pagenum">p. 54</span>the Thames has overflowed the hall,
+the courts of justice have been broken up prematurely, and the
+people conveyed away in boats.</p>
+<h3>55.&nbsp; The Lamplighter.</h3>
+<p style="text-align: center">
+<a href="images/pic55b.jpg">
+<img alt=
+"The Lamplighter"
+title=
+"The Lamplighter"
+src="images/pic55s.jpg" />
+</a></p>
+<p>Perhaps the streets of no city in the world are so well
+lighted as those of London, there being lamps on each side of the
+way, but a few yards distant from each other.&nbsp; It is said
+that a foreign ambassador happening to enter London in the
+evening, after the lamps were lighted, was so struck with the
+brilliancy of the scene, that he imagined the streets had been
+illuminated expressly in honour of his arrival.&nbsp; What would
+he have thought, had he passed through the lustre which is shed
+at present by the gas lights, from so many of our shops, and from
+the lamps in the streets?&nbsp; The Lamplighters are a useful set
+of men; and they are liable to many accidents while engaged in
+their dangerous occupation.&nbsp; In the winter, the
+foot-pavement is frequently so slippery, that they often fall and
+are maimed, by the ladder&rsquo;s sliding from under them; or
+sometimes a careless passenger runs against the ladder and throws
+<a name="page55"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 55</span>them
+down.&nbsp; But one of their greatest difficulties is a high
+wind.&nbsp; In October, 1812, a poor man, named Burke, who had
+been many years in that employment, as he was lighting the lamps
+on the east side of Blackfriars&rsquo; Bridge, was, by a sudden
+gust of wind, blown into the river, in presence of his son, a
+child of ten years old, and before assistance could be procured,
+he sunk to rise no more.</p>
+<h3>56.&nbsp; The Watchman.</h3>
+<p style="text-align: center">
+<a href="images/pic56b.jpg">
+<img alt=
+"The Watchman"
+title=
+"The Watchman"
+src="images/pic56s.jpg" />
+</a></p>
+<p>This man has a comfortable great coat, a lantern, and a
+rattle, with a large stick to attack thieves.&nbsp; I suppose my
+readers would think it very wrong of him to sleep, and suffer
+thieves to do as they please; and so it would.&nbsp; But I hope
+no one will blame the watchman, and do as bad himself; for I have
+known some little folks, who have had books and teachers, and
+good advice also, that have not made use of any of them.&nbsp;
+Indeed, sometimes when their teachers were looking at them, they
+would appear to be very busy and attentive for a little while;
+but when no one watched them, they would do as little as a
+watchman when he takes a nap.</p>
+<h3><a name="page56"></a><span class="pagenum">p.
+56</span>57.&nbsp; The Link-boy.</h3>
+<p style="text-align: center">
+<a href="images/pic57b.jpg">
+<img alt=
+"The Link-boy"
+title=
+"The Link-boy"
+src="images/pic57s.jpg" />
+</a></p>
+<p>The Link-boys are often on the watch, with their large
+torches, at dark crossings and lanes, to light passengers through
+them.&nbsp; They deserve the reward of a few halfpence, from
+those whom they assist.</p>
+<h3>58.&nbsp; The Sedan Chair.</h3>
+<p style="text-align: center">
+<a href="images/pic58b.jpg">
+<img alt=
+"The Sedan Chair"
+title=
+"The Sedan Chair"
+src="images/pic58s.jpg" />
+</a></p>
+<p>This mode of riding is now but seldom seen, though formerly it
+was frequently in use.&nbsp; Now, Sedan Chairs are used only by
+the sick and weakly, or by the nobility and others, who attend at
+the levees at court.&nbsp; As for us poor authors, we must adopt
+the plan of riding when we must, and walking while we can.</p>
+<h3>59.&nbsp; The Milkmaid.</h3>
+<p style="text-align: center">
+<a href="images/pic59b.jpg">
+<img alt=
+"The milkmaid"
+title=
+"The milkmaid"
+src="images/pic59s.jpg" />
+</a></p>
+<p>If any of my little readers wish to be as healthy and merry as
+Betty the milkmaid, they must work hard, and rise early in the
+morning, instead of lying in bed while every body else <a
+name="page57"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 57</span>is about his
+business, and idling their time till they go to bed again.&nbsp;
+Betty is obliged to get up as soon as it is light, and then takes
+a walk into the fields to fetch her cows.&nbsp; When she has
+milked their full udders into her clean pails, she sets off
+again, and carries it from door to door, time enough for her
+customers to have it for breakfast.&nbsp; As every one knows the
+business of a milkmaid, I shall say no more about it; but advise
+those to remember her example, who wish to make themselves happy
+or useful.</p>
+<h3>60.&nbsp; The Sailors and Ship.</h3>
+<p style="text-align: center">
+<a href="images/pic60b.jpg">
+<img alt=
+"The Sailors and Ship"
+title=
+"The Sailors and Ship"
+src="images/pic60s.jpg" />
+</a></p>
+<p>Tom Hazard was an unthinking boy, and would not settle to any
+business at home, and so ventured one day in a frolic to go on
+the water with a party of young folks; and, as Tom staid out late
+at night, he was met on coming ashore by a press-gang, who took
+him on board a man-of-war, from which, after some time, he made
+his escape, and entered on board the <i>Desperate</i> Privateer,
+hazarding his life for a golden chain, or a broken limb.&nbsp;
+And now, poor fellow, when it is too late, he sorely laments his
+situation, for, having lost a leg, he wanders <a
+name="page58"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 58</span>with some of
+his companions, and joins in their mournful ditty.</p>
+<blockquote><p>We poor sailors, lame and blind,<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp; Now your charity would sue;<br />
+Treat us not with words unkind,<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp; But a spark of pity shew.</p>
+<p>Where the stormy billows roar,<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp; Many a year we plough&rsquo;d the main:<br />
+Far, to east or western shore,<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp; Luxuries for you to gain.</p>
+<p>Far from friends and houses warm,<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp; (Comforts such as you can boast,)<br />
+We have braved the howling storm,<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp; Shipwreck&rsquo;d on a desert coast.</p>
+<p>Many a hardship have we known;<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp; Round and round the world we&rsquo;ve past;<br />
+Now, our limbs and eye-sight gone,<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp; Come to beggary at last!</p>
+</blockquote>
+<h3>61.&nbsp; The Admiralty Office.</h3>
+<p style="text-align: center">
+<a href="images/pic61b.jpg">
+<img alt=
+"The Admiralty Office"
+title=
+"The Admiralty Office"
+src="images/pic61s.jpg" />
+</a></p>
+<p>This is in that part of the street between Charing Cross and
+Parliament Street which is called White Hall, Westminster, having
+capacious apartments for the Lords Commissioners <a
+name="page59"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 59</span>of the
+Admiralty, who direct the affairs of the navy.&nbsp; The
+telegraph receives information, and gives instructions, in fair
+weather, to the various commanders of ships at the different
+sea-ports.&nbsp; This invention was first practised with success
+in France, and is admirably contrived to convey intelligence in a
+very expeditious manner.</p>
+<h3>62.&nbsp; The Sailing Match.</h3>
+<p style="text-align: center">
+<a href="images/pic62b.jpg">
+<img alt=
+"The Sailing Match"
+title=
+"The Sailing Match"
+src="images/pic62s.jpg" />
+</a></p>
+<p>Take care, my lads, not to crowd too much sail, or the boat
+may upset!&nbsp; There they go! from Blackfriars&rsquo; Bridge,
+through Westminster Bridge, to Vauxhall, and back again.&nbsp;
+What a number of boats there are on the water!&nbsp; Let us hope
+no lives will be lost, for it seems rather dangerous to be near
+such fast-sailing boats in a loaded wherry; and, as it is much
+the safest to be on shore, we would recommend every little boy or
+girl to keep off the water at such times.</p>
+<h3>63.&nbsp; The drowned Boy.</h3>
+<p style="text-align: center">
+<a href="images/pic63b.jpg">
+<img alt=
+"The downed boy"
+title=
+"The downed boy"
+src="images/pic63s.jpg" />
+</a></p>
+<p>Ah, silly lad! he would go out of his depth, though he knew he
+was not a skilful swimmer; <a name="page60"></a><span
+class="pagenum">p. 60</span>and see what has been the
+consequence!&nbsp; He was seized with the cramp, when he had been
+a few minutes in the water, and began to sink directly.&nbsp; His
+brave companion jumped in after him, at the risk of his own life,
+and has brought him back, quite senseless, to the boat.&nbsp; How
+distressed his poor brother looks! and how anxious to see whether
+there is any life left in him.</p>
+<p>There is a society in London, of which Dr. Hawes and Dr.
+Lettsom were the founders, for the purpose of recommending the
+best means to be used for recovering drowned persons.&nbsp; It is
+called the Humane Society.&nbsp; They have houses placed at
+proper distances by the river-side, where assistance may be had
+instantly; and every possible means are tried for many hours,
+before they give any one quite over.&nbsp; Numbers have been
+restored to life by this benevolent institution; and there is a
+sermon preached once a year, before the Society, when many who
+have been brought to life by this means are present: it is a very
+affecting spectacle.</p>
+<p>Let us hope they will take this poor boy to one of these
+places, and perhaps he may yet be restored to his family.</p>
+<h3><a name="page61"></a><span class="pagenum">p.
+61</span>64.&nbsp; The General Post-office,</h3>
+<p style="text-align: center">
+<a href="images/pic64b.jpg">
+<img alt=
+"The General Post-office"
+title=
+"The General Post-office"
+src="images/pic64s.jpg" />
+</a></p>
+<p>In St. Martin&rsquo;s le Grand.&nbsp; The front of this fine
+building is 380 feet long, and is ornamented with three Ionic
+porticos.&nbsp; The post-office is one of the most busy spots in
+London, and is the most perfect system of commercial convenience
+which has ever been formed under any government.&nbsp; It
+receives letters from all parts of our own country, as well as
+from every civilized nation in the world, and forwards them to
+their destination with the utmost regularity.</p>
+<p>In front of the central portico, I see, there is one of the
+mail-coaches for the conveyance of letters.&nbsp; These coaches
+travel at the rate of eight miles an hour, including stoppages:
+they carry also passengers and parcels.</p>
+<h3>65.&nbsp; Southwark Bridge.</h3>
+<p style="text-align: center">
+<a href="images/pic65b.jpg">
+<img alt=
+"Southwark Bridge"
+title=
+"Southwark Bridge"
+src="images/pic65s.jpg" />
+</a></p>
+<p>This grand fabric was constructed of cast-iron, under the
+direction of John Rennie, Esq.&nbsp; It consists of three immense
+arches.&nbsp; The centre arch spans 240 feet, and the two others
+210 feet each.&nbsp; The weight of iron is more than 5308
+tons.&nbsp; The abutments are of stone.&nbsp; The <a
+name="page62"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 62</span>bridge forms
+a communication from the bottom of Queen Street, to Bankside,
+Southwark.&nbsp; It was begun in September, 1814, and was
+completed, and opened for public use, in March, 1819.&nbsp; The
+entire expense incurred by the building of this bridge was
+&pound;80,000.</p>
+<h3>66.&nbsp; Waterloo Bridge</h3>
+<p style="text-align: center">
+<a href="images/pic66b.jpg">
+<img alt=
+"Waterloo Bridge"
+title=
+"Waterloo Bridge"
+src="images/pic66s.jpg" />
+</a></p>
+<p>Is built of a very hard kind of stone called granite.&nbsp;
+This bridge was commenced in 1811, and completed in 1817.&nbsp;
+The road-way of the bridge is level, which is very favourable to
+the draught of carriages.&nbsp; It has nine fine arches, 120 feet
+span.&nbsp; The piers are twenty feet thick, ornamented with
+Tuscan columns.&nbsp; This building was constructed under the
+superintendence of the late John Rennie, Esq.&nbsp; The opening
+of this bridge to the public was conducted with unusual grandeur,
+on the 18th of June, 1817; being the anniversary of the battle of
+Waterloo, his late Majesty, then Prince Regent, and the Duke of
+Wellington, with grand military cavalcade, attending.</p>
+<p>Near the foot of Waterloo Bridge, in the Strand, stands</p>
+<h3><a name="page63"></a><span class="pagenum">p.
+63</span>67.&nbsp; The Royal Academy, Somerset House.</h3>
+<p style="text-align: center">
+<a href="images/pic67b.jpg">
+<img alt=
+"The Royal Academy"
+title=
+"The Royal Academy"
+src="images/pic67s.jpg" />
+</a></p>
+<p>This academy of fine arts was established by royal charter in
+1768.&nbsp; The academy consists of forty academicians, twenty
+associates, and six associate engravers.&nbsp; Sir Joshua
+Reynolds was the first president.&nbsp; They make a grand annual
+exhibition of paintings, sculptures, &amp;c. which commences in
+May, and generally continues open about six weeks.</p>
+<h3>68.&nbsp; Covent Garden.</h3>
+<p style="text-align: center">
+<a href="images/pic68b.jpg">
+<img alt=
+"Covent Garden"
+title=
+"Covent Garden"
+src="images/pic68s.jpg" />
+</a></p>
+<p>Now we have a view of Covent Garden Market, where plants,
+fruit, and flowers of every kind, are brought for sale from the
+country.&nbsp; By four o&rsquo;clock in a summer&rsquo;s morning,
+it is completely full of the most rare and beautiful plants that
+can be grown in England, either in open nurseries, or in the
+hot-house and green-house: and, what with the number of busy
+people buying and selling; the carts going to and fro, laden with
+flowers, fruit, and vegetables of all sorts; the beauty and <a
+name="page64"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 64</span>gaiety of the
+different plants, and the sweetness of their odours, it is
+altogether a most delightful scene.&nbsp; The Londoners cannot
+take a country walk whenever they please, and enjoy the green
+fields and wild hedge-flowers, in the open air; but they may
+supply themselves here with every kind of beautiful plants, for a
+garden within doors; and to those who have a little knowledge of
+botany, it must be not only an entertaining, but even a useful
+amusement.</p>
+<h3>69.&nbsp; The British Museum</h3>
+<p style="text-align: center">
+<a href="images/pic69b.jpg">
+<img alt=
+"The British Museum"
+title=
+"The British Museum"
+src="images/pic69s.jpg" />
+</a></p>
+<p>Was formerly the residence of the Dukes of Montague: it is now
+the national museum for every kind of curiosity.&nbsp; Indeed,
+they are so various, both natural and artificial, that it would
+require a very large book to give even a very short account of
+them.&nbsp; Here are such a multitude of animals of all kinds,
+birds, beasts, fishes, shells, butterflies, insects, books both
+ancient and modern, precious stones, medals, &amp;c. that, in
+fact, the only way to form an idea of them, is to see them.</p>
+<h3><a name="page65"></a><span class="pagenum">p.
+65</span>70.&nbsp; Charing Cross.</h3>
+<p style="text-align: center">
+<a href="images/pic65b.jpg">
+<img alt=
+"Charing Cross"
+title=
+"Charing Cross"
+src="images/pic65s.jpg" />
+</a></p>
+<blockquote><p>Here, upon his brazen horse,<br />
+Sits Charles the First at Charing Cross.</p>
+</blockquote>
+<p>This spot was formerly known as a village named
+<i>Charing</i>, near London, in which King Edward the First
+placed a magnificent cross, in memory of his beloved queen
+Eleanor, <a name="citation65"></a><a href="#footnote65"
+class="citation">[65]</a> which cross was destroyed by the fury
+of the reformers, who regarded it as an object of
+superstition.&nbsp; <i>Le Sueur</i>, a French artist, cast a fine
+statue in brass, of Charles the First on horseback, which was
+erected in place of the cross.&nbsp; When Cromwell ruled, this
+statue was sold to one <i>Revet</i>, a brazier, on condition of
+his melting it, as the parliament had ordered that it should be
+destroyed.&nbsp; Revet made a fortune by this statue, casting a
+vast number of articles in bronze, as if made out of his
+purchase, which <a name="page66"></a><span class="pagenum">p.
+66</span>were eagerly bought by those desirous of having a
+memorial of their prince; and by others, from the pleasure of
+mean triumph over fallen royalty.&nbsp; Revet, however, had not
+destroyed the statue, but kept it buried in the earth; and
+Charles the Second, on his restoration, caused it to be erected
+again.</p>
+<h3>71.&nbsp; Carleton House,</h3>
+<p style="text-align: center">
+<a href="images/pic71b.jpg">
+<img alt=
+"Carleton House"
+title=
+"Carleton House"
+src="images/pic71s.jpg" />
+</a></p>
+<p>Which has been pulled down since our plate was engraved, was a
+very grand palace.&nbsp; It stood in Pall Mall, exactly opposite
+Waterloo Place.&nbsp; This was the town-residence of his late
+Majesty: it was furnished with the most elegant and splendid
+taste, and was said to be the most beautiful in its decorations
+of any royal residence in Europe.</p>
+<h3>72.&nbsp; The Quadrant, Regent Street.</h3>
+<p style="text-align: center">
+<a href="images/pic72b.jpg">
+<img alt=
+"The Quadrant, Regent Street"
+title=
+"The Quadrant, Regent Street"
+src="images/pic72s.jpg" />
+</a></p>
+<p>This is one of the most beautiful of the new improvements at
+the west end of the town, and is thought to be the most singular
+and magnificent <a name="page67"></a><span class="pagenum">p.
+67</span>line of streets in the world.&nbsp; At the entrance of
+the Quadrant stands the County Fire Office.&nbsp; The Building is
+surmounted by a colossal statue of Britannia, behind which is an
+observatory, which affords a view over London and the surrounding
+villages; the purpose of which is, that, on an alarm of fire, the
+managing director may ascertain the position in which it lies,
+and send the engines, which are kept at the back of the
+building.</p>
+<h3>73.&nbsp; The Funeral.</h3>
+<p style="text-align: center">
+<a href="images/pic73b.jpg">
+<img alt=
+"The funeral"
+title=
+"The funeral"
+src="images/pic73s.jpg" />
+</a></p>
+<p>The kind and loving mother of those two children is dead, and
+going to the grave!&nbsp; It is too late now to be dutiful to
+her, for she cannot open her eyes to look at you, they are shut
+for ever; it is too late to do as she bid you, for her lips are
+closed, and she cannot speak: it is too late to wait upon her
+now, for she no longer requires your assistance!&nbsp; O, little
+girl and little boy, if your dear mamma be still alive, be very
+kind and dutiful to her before this sorrowful day comes; or else
+it will be too late to do any thing for <i>her</i>, but cry very
+bitterly over her grave.</p>
+<h3><a name="page68"></a><span class="pagenum">p.
+68</span>74.&nbsp; The Charity Children.</h3>
+<p style="text-align: center">
+<a href="images/pic74b.jpg">
+<img alt=
+"The Charity Children"
+title=
+"The Charity Children"
+src="images/pic74s.jpg" />
+</a></p>
+<p>These charity children are coming from church, with the two
+parish-beadles before them.&nbsp; Several thousands of poor
+children are taught to read, work, and write, in the different
+charity-schools of London, and to do their duty to God and to
+their neighbours; which will enable them to become respectable in
+this world, and tend to make them happy in the next.</p>
+<p>Once a year, about six thousand charity children, dressed in
+uniforms of different colours, assemble in St. Paul&rsquo;s
+Cathedral, on benches raised to a great height one above the
+other, circularly, under the dome.&nbsp; The order with which
+each school finds its own situation, and the union of so many
+voices, all raised at one moment to the praise of their great
+Creator, as they chant the hundredth psalm on the entrance of the
+clergyman, cause a most delightful and affecting sensation in the
+minds of the spectators.&nbsp; The solemnity of the place, and
+the hope that so much innocence, under such protection, would be
+reared to virtue and happiness, must add greatly to the
+effect.</p>
+<p>This uncommon scene is well described in the following
+lines.</p>
+<blockquote><p><a name="page69"></a><span class="pagenum">p.
+69</span>&rsquo;Twas in the pleasant month of June, their hands
+and faces clean,<br />
+The children walking two and two, in red, and blue, and green;<br
+/>
+Grey-headed beadles walked before, with wands as white as
+snow,<br />
+Till into the high dome of St. Paul&rsquo;s, they, like
+Thames&rsquo; waters, flow.<br />
+Oh! what a multitude they seem&rsquo;d, these flowers of London
+town!<br />
+Seated in companies they sit, with radiance all their own!</p>
+<p>The hum of multitudes was there, but multitudes of lambs;<br
+/>
+Thousands of little boys and girls, raising their innocent
+hands;<br />
+Now like a mighty wind they raise to heaven the voice of song,<br
+/>
+Or like harmonious thunderings, the seats of heav&rsquo;n
+among.<br />
+Beneath them sit the aged men, wise guardians of the poor:<br />
+Then cherish pity, lest you drive an angel from your door.</p>
+</blockquote>
+<h3><a name="page70"></a><span class="pagenum">p.
+70</span>75.&nbsp; Highgate Tunnel.</h3>
+<p style="text-align: center">
+<a href="images/pic75b.jpg">
+<img alt=
+"Highgate Tunnel"
+title=
+"Highgate Tunnel"
+src="images/pic75s.jpg" />
+</a></p>
+<p>This grand excavation was made in 1821, through the eastern
+side of Highgate-hill, for the purpose of easing the draught of
+horses in passing in this direction.&nbsp; There is also a grand
+archway across, over the Tunnel, which connects Highgate with
+Hornsey.</p>
+<h3>76.&nbsp; Watering the Streets.</h3>
+<p style="text-align: center">
+<a href="images/pic76b.jpg">
+<img alt=
+"Watering the streets"
+title=
+"Watering the streets"
+src="images/pic76s.jpg" />
+</a></p>
+<p>London streets, in dry weather, are very dusty; this, when the
+wind blows briskly, annoys not only the eyes of those who walk,
+and of those who ride, but spoils the look of many a joint of
+meat.&nbsp; Pastry-cooks&rsquo; and many other shops are much
+hurt by the dust; so that, at an early hour in the morning, many
+streets are watered by means of a scoop, and water pent up in the
+kennels, on each side of the carriageway.</p>
+<h3>77.&nbsp; Little Boy at the Crossing.</h3>
+<p style="text-align: center">
+<a href="images/pic77b.jpg">
+<img alt=
+"Little boy at the crossing"
+title=
+"Little boy at the crossing"
+src="images/pic77s.jpg" />
+</a></p>
+<blockquote><p>That&rsquo;s right, sweep away there, my good
+little man,<br />
+And earn a few halfpence, whenever you can.</p>
+</blockquote>
+<p><a name="page71"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 71</span>Many of
+the crossings in London streets are often very dirty, and some
+little lads, who prefer doing even a dirty job to being idle, put
+down a board for the passengers to walk upon, which they sweep
+clean continually from mud or snow.&nbsp; They do not forget to
+hold their hats to those who make use of this convenience; and
+good-natured people seldom fail to drop a halfpenny into them,
+like the gentleman in the picture.</p>
+<p>Though some persons may be incommoded by wet weather, yet the
+poor little street-sweeper, the hackney-coachman, the dealer in
+umbrellas, and various other tradesmen in London, are much
+benefited by it; and in the country it is often welcome to the
+farmer, whose corn and grass are made to grow by the timely
+succession of wet and dry, heat and cold.</p>
+<h3>78.&nbsp; The Flower-pot Man.</h3>
+<p style="text-align: center">
+<a href="images/pic78b.jpg">
+<img alt=
+"The Flower-pot man"
+title=
+"The Flower-pot man"
+src="images/pic78s.jpg" />
+</a></p>
+<blockquote><p>Here comes the old man with his flowers to
+sell,<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp; Along the streets merrily going;<br />
+Full many a year I&rsquo;ve remember&rsquo;d him well,<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp; With, &ldquo;<i>Flowers</i>, <i>a growing</i>, <i>a
+blowing</i>!&rdquo;</p>
+<p><a name="page72"></a><span class="pagenum">p.
+72</span>Geraniums, in dresses of scarlet and green;<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp; Thick aloes, that blossom so rarely;<br />
+The long creeping cereus with prickles so keen;<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp; Or primroses modest and early.</p>
+<p>The myrtle dark green, and the jessamine pale,<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp; Sweet scented and gracefully flowing,<br />
+This flower-man carries and offers for sale,<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp; &ldquo;<i>All flourishing</i>, <i>growing</i>,
+<i>and blowing</i>!&rdquo;</p>
+</blockquote>
+<h3>79.&nbsp; The Waterman, the Ticket Porter, and Fellowship
+Porter.</h3>
+<p style="text-align: center">
+<a href="images/pic79b.jpg">
+<img alt=
+"The Waterman, the Ticket Porter, and Fellowship Porter"
+title=
+"The Waterman, the Ticket Porter, and Fellowship Porter"
+src="images/pic79s.jpg" />
+</a></p>
+<p>The privilege of working as a waterman on the river Thames, is
+only to be obtained by servitude or birth-right; and freemen only
+can work as porters in the city, for which they wear a ticket as
+a badge of privilege, and on which their names are stamped and
+numbered; but the privilege of bringing salt, fish, coals, fruit,
+and other goods on shore, from ships, boats, or barges, belongs
+to the Company of Fellowship Porters.&nbsp; All the firemen in
+London must be watermen or lightermen.</p>
+<h3><a name="page73"></a><span class="pagenum">p.
+73</span>80.&nbsp; The Coach-stand.</h3>
+<p style="text-align: center">
+<a href="images/pic80b.jpg">
+<img alt=
+"The Coach-stand"
+title=
+"The Coach-stand"
+src="images/pic80s.jpg" />
+</a></p>
+<p>Nothing can exceed the noise, bustle, and hurry, of the
+streets of London, where carriages are passing backward and
+forward during the whole day, and most of the night.&nbsp; Carts
+are creaking under heavy loads of merchandise, mail-coaches are
+driving to and from the post-office with the letter-bags, and
+more than a thousand hackney-coaches and chariots are sometimes
+in motion at once on a rainy day.&nbsp; These are a great
+convenience in London; for, to whatever part of the town you may
+wish to go, you have only to beckon to a coachman, and</p>
+<blockquote><p>He&rsquo;ll drive you home quickly, and when you
+are there,<br />
+You have nothing to do but to pay him his <i>fare</i>.</p>
+</blockquote>
+<p>That gentleman and lady have called to a coachman to take them
+home; and the waterman, who attends on hackney-coaches and their
+employers, seems to be enquiring where they are going.&nbsp; We
+would recommend every person who hires a hackney coach in London,
+to notice what number is on the door, which, on many occasions,
+has been found very useful.</p>
+<blockquote><p>I am an old coachman, and drive a good hack,<br />
+With a coat of five capes that quite covers my back;<br />
+<a name="page74"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 74</span>And my
+wife keeps a sausage-shop, not many miles<br />
+From the narrowest alley in all broad St. Giles&rsquo;.</p>
+<p>What tho&rsquo; at a tavern my gentleman tarries,<br />
+Why, the coachman grows richer than he whom he carries;<br />
+And I&rsquo;d rather, says I, since it keeps me from sin,<br />
+Be the driver without, than the toper within.</p>
+<p>And tho&rsquo; I&rsquo;m a coachman, I freely confess,<br />
+I beg of my Maker my labours to bless;<br />
+I praise him each morning, and pray ev&rsquo;ry night,<br />
+And &rsquo;tis this makes my heart feel so cheerful and
+light.</p>
+</blockquote>
+<h3>81.&nbsp; New Milk from the Cow.</h3>
+<p style="text-align: center">
+<a href="images/pic81b.jpg">
+<img alt=
+"New milk from the cow"
+title=
+"New milk from the cow"
+src="images/pic81s.jpg" />
+</a></p>
+<p>That lady and her children, who have gone from Cheapside to
+Islington, may fancy themselves at a farm in the country; the
+fields look so green, the fresh air is so reviving, and the warm
+milk so delightfully sweet.&nbsp; Let us hope they will all
+receive some benefit from their morning excursion; for a walk,
+and a draught of new milk, must contribute greatly to the health
+of children who are confined for the rest of the day in a crowded
+city.&nbsp; The old gentleman on the bench seems also to have had
+his draught, and is contemplating the fine shape of the gentle
+cow.</p>
+<h3><a name="page75"></a><span class="pagenum">p.
+75</span>.82&nbsp; Skating.</h3>
+<p style="text-align: center">
+<a href="images/pic82b.jpg">
+<img alt=
+"Skating"
+title=
+"Skating"
+src="images/pic82s.jpg" />
+</a></p>
+<p class="poetry">There go the apprentice and beauish young
+spark,<br />
+To skate on the frozen canal in the park!<br />
+Each bent upon showing his skill and his speed:<br />
+And, truly, there&rsquo;s one <i>bent upon it</i>, indeed.<br />
+Nay, if you go on where the ice is so thin,<br />
+You will not be long <i>on</i>, my good fellow, but
+<i>in</i>.</p>
+<h3>83.&nbsp; The hard Frost.</h3>
+<p style="text-align: center">
+<a href="images/pic83b.jpg">
+<img alt=
+"The hard frost"
+title=
+"The hard frost"
+src="images/pic83s.jpg" />
+</a></p>
+<p>What a picture of winter!&nbsp; The water in the leaden pipes,
+leading from the large iron ones underground, into the houses, is
+frozen.&nbsp; As some part of the pipe is generally exposed to
+the cold air, this stoppage frequently happens in a frost, so
+that the turn-cock is obliged to put a small wooden pipe into one
+of the large ones underground, <a name="citation75"></a><a
+href="#footnote75" class="citation">[75]</a> that the people may
+procure water.&nbsp; The poor woman&rsquo;s cloak is frozen so <a
+name="page76"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 76</span>hard, that it
+looks like a great wing.&nbsp; The little boy blows his fingers
+to make them warmer: and there is a man throwing the snow off the
+house, that it may not soak through to the chamber ceiling when a
+thaw comes.&nbsp; What a blessing to have a good house and a
+comfortable fire-side, when the weather is so severe.</p>
+<h3>84.&nbsp; The Fire-plug.</h3>
+<p style="text-align: center">
+<a href="images/pic84b.jpg">
+<img alt=
+"The Fire-plug"
+title=
+"The Fire-plug"
+src="images/pic84s.jpg" />
+</a></p>
+<p>The turn-cock, as he is called, has just opened a fire-plug,
+or rather water-plug; but as its principal use is to supply water
+to the engines for extinguishing fires, it has acquired the
+former name, more from custom than propriety.&nbsp; Some boys
+make rare sport, by putting one foot on the stream, and dividing
+the course of the water; it is thus driven into the air, and over
+their companions or passengers.</p>
+<p>At first sight it seems impossible for water to run up hill;
+and yet, by a little ingenuity, this is easily done; for, put
+water into what you please, and one side or end of it will always
+rise as high as the other.&nbsp; It is by knowing and thinking
+about this, that clever men have contrived to supply whole cities
+with water, and <a name="page77"></a><span class="pagenum">p.
+77</span>even to send it up into the highest rooms of a
+house.&nbsp; They first of all make a great reservoir, or
+collection of water, on some neighbouring hill, from which pipes
+are carried, underground, to all the houses they wish to supply;
+the water in that end of the pipes next the town, always rising
+as high as that in the reservoir at the other end of them.&nbsp;
+If they cannot find a convenient spring, sufficiently high, they
+force the water to a proper height by pumps and steam-engines;
+and by these inventions, do with ease, what the best ancient
+philosophers might have thought impossible.&nbsp; When one of the
+great pipes, which run through the streets of London, happens to
+burst, the water soon forces up the pavement, and a fountain is
+produced.</p>
+<h3>85.&nbsp; The London Docks</h3>
+<p style="text-align: center">
+<a href="images/pic85b.jpg">
+<img alt=
+"The London Docks"
+title=
+"The London Docks"
+src="images/pic85s.jpg" />
+</a></p>
+<p>Are situated in Wapping, between Ratcliffe Highway and the
+Thames.&nbsp; One of the docks is so large, that it covers more
+than twenty acres of ground, being 1262 feet long, and 699 feet
+wide.&nbsp; It was first opened on the 31st of January,
+1805.&nbsp; The new dock covers a space of fourteen <a
+name="page78"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 78</span>acres.&nbsp;
+There are also immense warehouses.&nbsp; One of them is 762 feet
+long, and 160 feet wide, a representation of which was too large
+to introduce into our picture; but we have given a view of the
+grand entrance, with a ship going into the docks, to be unladen
+of her merchandise, which will be taken care of in one of those
+warehouses, till it is sold for public use.</p>
+<h3>86, 87.&nbsp; Greenwich and Chelsea Hospitals, and
+Pensioners,</h3>
+<p style="text-align: center">
+<a href="images/pic86b.jpg">
+<img alt=
+"Greenwich and Chelsea Hospitals, and Pensioners"
+title=
+"Greenwich and Chelsea Hospitals, and Pensioners"
+src="images/pic86s.jpg" />
+</a></p>
+<p>The wise and benevolent design of founding an hospital for
+those brave men who have been disabled by age or accident, from
+serving any longer in the navy, is said, to the honour of the
+female sex, to have originated with that excellent woman, Queen
+Mary, the wife of King William the Third; and the founding of an
+asylum for invalid soldiers at Chelsea, was also attributed to a
+female, one of King Charles the Second&rsquo;s favourites.&nbsp;
+The buildings at each place are more like palaces than hospitals,
+and great care is taken to render the objects of the institution
+comfortable in their situations.&nbsp; The hospital at Chelsea,
+with its appendages, covers above forty acres of ground.&nbsp;
+There are three hundred and thirty-six in-door pensioners, and an
+unlimited number of out-door pensioners, who receive an annual
+allowance of seven pounds twelve shillings and sixpence
+each.&nbsp; Greenwich Hospital admits two thousand three hundred
+and fifty pensioners, who are provided with lodging, food,
+clothing, and pocket-money; exclusive of about twelve hundred
+out-pensioners, who receive seven pounds each per annum.&nbsp;
+Both hospitals are situated by the water-side.&nbsp; At Chelsea,
+the pensioners have gardens and fields to walk in; and at
+Greenwich, there is a large and pleasant park.</p>
+<p style="text-align: center">
+<a href="images/pic87b.jpg">
+<img alt=
+"Greenwich and Chelsea Hospitals, and Pensioners"
+title=
+"Greenwich and Chelsea Hospitals, and Pensioners"
+src="images/pic87s.jpg" />
+</a></p>
+<div class="gapspace">&nbsp;</div>
+<p style="text-align: center"><span class="GutSmall">THE
+END.</span></p>
+<div class="gapspace">&nbsp;</div>
+<div class="gapshortline">&nbsp;</div>
+<p style="text-align: center">Joseph Rickerby, Printer, Sherbourn
+Lane.</p>
+<h2>Footnotes</h2>
+<p><a name="footnote9"></a><a href="#citation9"
+class="footnote">[9]</a>&nbsp; Published at 58, Holborn Hill.</p>
+<p><a name="footnote14"></a><a href="#citation14"
+class="footnote">[14]</a>&nbsp; Here Ann Boleyn, and many other
+illustrious persons, languished out their miserable hours of
+captivity; especially the amiable and learned, the good Jane
+Gray, who was shut up in it for five months.&nbsp; She fell a
+victim to the jealousy of Mary.&nbsp; Her piety, magnanimity, and
+conscious innocence, afforded her invincible fortitude in this
+trying hour, which, even the sight of her husband&rsquo;s body,
+reeking from the scaffold, did not shake.</p>
+<p><a name="footnote29"></a><a href="#citation29"
+class="footnote">[29]</a>&nbsp; The summer of 1794 had been very
+dry, and a pitch-kettle, happening to boil over at a wharf near
+Ratcliffe Cross, it set fire to a warehouse containing many bags
+of saltpetre: this soon exploded, and the wind blowing from the
+south, directed the flames towards Ratcliffe High Street, which
+took fire on both sides, and more houses were consumed than in
+any conflagration since the great fire in 1666.&nbsp; It was
+estimated that upwards of four hundred families lost all their
+possessions, and many of them lived in tents or booths for a
+considerable time after.</p>
+<p><a name="footnote65"></a><a href="#citation65"
+class="footnote">[65]</a>&nbsp; When in Palestine, Edward nearly
+escaped being murdered by an assassin, from whom he received a
+wound in his arm, which was given by a poisoned dagger.&nbsp; It
+is affirmed that he owed his life to the affection of Eleanor,
+his wife, who was with him, and sucked the venom out of the
+wound.</p>
+<p><a name="footnote75"></a><a href="#citation75"
+class="footnote">[75]</a>&nbsp; In the year 1813, one of the
+turn-cocks in Giltspur Street, found a very unusual stoppage at
+the extremity of the Thames water-pipe there, and on searching
+for the cause, to his great surprise found a live salmon, which
+weighed about eight pounds.</p>
+<p>***END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK CITY SCENES***</p>
+<pre>
+
+
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+</html>
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