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diff --git a/38612-0.txt b/38612-0.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..95446e9 --- /dev/null +++ b/38612-0.txt @@ -0,0 +1,2537 @@ +The Project Gutenberg eBook, City Scenes, by William Darton + + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + + + + +Title: City Scenes + or a peep into London + + +Author: William Darton + + + +Release Date: January 18, 2012 [eBook #38612] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: UTF-8 + + +***START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK CITY SCENES*** + + +Transcribed from the 1828 Harvey and Darton edition by David Price, email +ccx074@pglaf.org + + [Picture: Decorative shield] + + + + + + CITY SCENES. + _OR_ + _A PEEP INTO_ + LONDON. + + + [Picture: View of St. Paul’s from the Thames] + + [Picture: Decorative pattern with swords] + + _LONDON_ + _Published by Harvey & Darton_ + + Gracechurch Street. + _1828_. + + + + +INTRODUCTION. + + + COME, peep at London’s famous town, + Nor need you travel there; + But view the things of most renown, + Whilst sitting in your chair. + + At home, an hundred miles away, + ’Tis easy now to look + At City Scenes, and London gay, + In this my little book. + + Yes, there in quiet you may sit, + Beside the winter’s fire, + And see and hear as much of it, + As ever you desire. + + Or underneath the oak so grey, + That stands upon the green, + May pass the summer’s eve away, + And view each City Scene. + + There’s great St. Paul’s, so wondrous wide, + The Monument so tall, + And many curious things beside + The Giants in Guildhall. + + The post-boy galloping away, + With letter-bag you’ll find: + The wharf, the ship, the lady gay, + The beggar lame and blind. + + The boatman plying at his oar, + The gard’ner and his greens, + The knife-grinder, with many more + Of London’s City Scenes. + + + + +CITY SCENES. + + +1. Countryman on a Stage Coach. + + + [Picture: Countryman on a stage coach] + +HERE is Farmer Clodpole, who lives a hundred miles from London, coming to +see it at last. They have just reached the top of a hill, and catch a +fine view of the city. + +“What! is that _Lunnun_, coachey? Well, I’m glad to see it at last; for +I, that’s only used to jog along a few miles in our cart, don’t much +fancy this jumbling and jolting. But what a smoke they are in, master +coachman: I shall be glad enough to get back again, if I am always to be +in such a _puther_. Pray, what’s that there great round thing in the +midst of the housen? Oh! St. Paul’s: why that beats our parish church +all to pieces. Well, drive away, coachey, that I may see all the fine +things; and nobody shall laugh at me any more, because I have not seen +_Lunnun_.” + + + +2. The Monument. + + + [Picture: The Monument] + +There is the Monument: it is situated on the east side of Fish Street +Hill, and is the highest column in the world. It was erected in +remembrance of the great fire of London, which broke out in _Pudding +Lane_, very near Fish-Street Hill, destroying all the buildings from +Tower Wharf in the east, to Temple church in the west; and from the north +end of Mincing Lane, to the west end of Leadenhall Street; passing to +Threadneedle Street, thence in a direct line to Holborn Bridge, and +extending northward to Smithfield, when, after having burnt down thirteen +thousand and two hundred houses, it terminated. + +At that time provisions were very cheap, and many people eat to the full; +so that gluttony was alleged by some as the cause of the fire; it +beginning, as they said, at _Pudding Lane_, and ending at _Pie Corner_, +which was the case. + +The Monument is a very fine pillar, 202 feet high, having a staircase +leading to the gallery, from which, on a clear day, beautiful views of +the city and surrounding country may be seen. + +By the inscription on the Monument, the Roman Catholics are accused of +“burning this Protestant city;” but Pope, the poet, was of a different +opinion, for he says, + + “London’s high column, pointing to the skies, + Like a tall bully, lifts its head and lies.” + + + +3. Pie Corner, + + + [Picture: Pie Corner] + +West Smithfield, where you see the white projecting house, as it was left +after the fire of London, which took place at midnight, 2d September, +1666, and burnt with unabated fury till the 10th of the same month. + +There is also, at the corner of the lane, against a public house called +the Fortune of War, a figure of a boy carved in wood, on which was +painted an inscription to commemorate the event, and also stating the +calamity to have been a punishment on the city for the sin of gluttony; +but this being since considered a vulgar error, is not painted on the new +figure, which in other respects is exactly like the old figure first put +up. + + + +4. New London Bridge. + + + [Picture: New London Bridge] + +The new London Bridge is built from a design of the late John Rennie, +Esq. engineer; and the works are conducted under the direction of John +and George Rennie, Esqrs. It stands a short distance westward of the old +bridge. The first stone was laid by John Garratt, Esq. lord mayor, on +the 15th of June, 1825. + +This bridge consists of five arches: the centre one is 150, those next to +it 140 feet, the extreme arches 130 feet. The roadway is nearly level, +and the parapet is plain, with buttresses rising from the piers, + + + +5. Billingsgate, + + + [Picture: Billingsgate] + +The only fish-market in London, to which the fishing-smacks bring their +cargoes. Whoever goes to Billingsgate, at market-time, must expect to be +pushed about and dirtied. The crowd is generally very great, and the +people very noisy, and some are quite abusive to strangers. + + There goes a tall fish-woman sounding her cry, + “Who’ll buy my fine flounders, and oysters who’ll buy?” + Poor flounder, he heaves up his fin with a sigh, + And thinks that _he_ has most occasion to cry; + “Ah, neighbour,” says oyster, “indeed, so do I.” + +It is supposed that more money is taken at this place for shell-fish, in +a year, than there is at Smithfield for butchers’ meat in the same +period. Within these few years, great quantities of salmon have been +sent from Scotland to Billingsgate in summer-time, preserved in ice, +which had been stored up in winter for that salutary purpose. The ice, +when taken from the fish, is sold to confectioners and pastry-cooks, for +forming ice-creams in summer. + + + +6. The Scavenger. + + + [Picture: The Scavenger] + +I am glad to see this man, whose business it is to sweep up the mud and +dirt from the streets, and collect it in a cart. Surely, no part of +London needs this work more than Thames Street and Billingsgate; for, +even in a dry season, the narrowness of the streets, and great traffic of +men and women, with fish in wet baskets, &c. keep the pavement constantly +dirty. When the cart is well laden, he empties it into some waste place +in the outskirts of the town, or delivers it at some wharf by the +water-side; and as it proves a very rich manure, he finds it a profitable +and useful occupation. + + “I’m very glad ’tis not my luck + To get my bread by carting muck; + I’m sure I never could be made + To work at such a dirty trade.” + + “Hold, little master, not so fast, + Some proud folks get a fall at last; + And you, young gentleman, I say, + May be a scavenger, one day. + All sober folks, who seldom play, + But get their bread some honest way, + Though not to wealth or honours born, + Deserve respect instead of scorn. + Such rude contempt they merit less, + Than those who live in idleness; + Who are less useful, I’m afraid, + Than this black mud that’s in my spade.” + + + +7. The Bellman. + + + [Picture: The Bellman] + +Well, here is the Bellman and Crier, calling the attention of the people +to a description of a child that has been lost. The number of children +who have at times been stolen from their homes, has caused great alarm to +many parents. It was not far from London Bridge that little Tommy Dellow +was taken away, which caused the parish-officers to advertise a reward of +one hundred guineas for his recovery; and the bills were the means of his +being discovered at Gosport, in Hampshire. It appeared that this little +boy and his sister were enticed away by a decently dressed woman, who +sent the girl home, but took the boy. Having no children of her own, she +contrived to take him to Gosport, and to present him to her husband, on +his return from a long voyage at sea, as his own son. The whole history +of the distressing loss and happy recovery of little Thomas Dellow, has +been published; and, in another account of him, {9} it is shortly +described in verse. + +The little boy and girl, who stand hand in hand, before the man with the +basket on his head, are the portraits drawn from the life of little +Thomas Dellow and his sister. + + “A sweet chubby fellow, + Named little Tom Dellow, + His mamma to a neighbour did send, + With a caution to stop + At a green-grocer’s shop, + While she went to visit a friend. + + “The poor little soul, + Unused to control, + O’er the threshold just happen’d to stray, + When a sly cunning dame, + Mary Magnay by name, + Enticed the young truant away. + + “At a pastry-cook’s shop + She made a short stop, + And gave him two buns and a tart, + And soon after that + She bought him a hat + And feather, that made him quite smart. + + “Then a man they employ + To describe the sweet boy, + Whom they sought with such tender regard! + And soon you might meet + Bills in every street, + Which offer’d five guineas reward! + + “They did not succeed + To discover the deed, + Tho’ much all who heard of it wonder’d, + Till at length they sent down + Large bills to each town, + And raised the reward to one hundred! + +The office of bellman was first instituted in 1556, for the purpose of +going round the ward by night to ring his bell, and to exhort the +inhabitants, with a loud voice, to take care of their fires and lights, +to help the poor, and pray for the dead. This custom, though once +general, is used only at Christmas-time, when a copy of verses is +repeated, instead of the admonition used in former days. + + + +8. A Wharf + + + [Picture: A wharf] + +Is a landing place by the side of a river, for the convenience of boats, +barges, or ships. At these wharfs many casks of fruit, plums, currants, +figs, oranges, and lemons, are brought on shore, to be taken away in +carts to grocers, fruiterers, and orange-merchants. It is the business +of a merchant to bring over these things for our use, and for which we +are obliged to him. The West and East India Docks receive now, most of +the shipping used to and from those countries, and are considered more +secure from robberies, than the open wharfs by the sides of the river +Thames used to be. + + + +9. The Coal-ship and Barge. + + + [Picture: The coal-ship and barge] + +This is one of the ships called Newcastle Colliers, laden with coals from +the mines in Northumberland. These vessels are too large to come close +to the wharfs to unload; so the coals are emptied into barges, (which are +a kind of large, flat boats,) and carried in them to the different wharfs +where they are to be landed. + + Drawn up from the dreary mine, + See the black and shining coal; + Where the sun can never shine, + Through the deep and dismal hole. + + There the sooty miners stay, + Digging at their work forlorn; + Or, to see the light of day, + In a swinging bucket drawn. + + Then along the roaring tide, + Where the tempest bellow’d keen, + Did the laden vessel ride, + Toss’d among the waters green. + + Wide were spread her canvass sails, + Tall and taper rose her mast: + Now, before the northern gales, + She has reach’d her port at last. + + + +10. The Custom House. + + + [Picture: The Custom House] + +Adjoining Billingsgate stands the New Custom House, which is the office +where the duties are collected on goods exported or imported. The +building is situated in Lower Thames-street, fronting the river, +occupying an immense space of ground. The dimensions of it are upwards +of 480 feet long, by 107 feet wide. The first stone was laid on the 25th +of October, 1813, being the 53d anniversary of king George the Third’s +accession; and it was opened for public business on the 12th of May, +1817. + +The long room is of extraordinary size, being 190 feet long, by 66 wide, +and proportionably high. This is the principal place for all foreign +business. + +The former Custom House having been burnt down, precautions have been +taken to prevent the recurrence of a similar accident in the new +building; and fire-proof rooms are provided on each floor, where the +books and papers are deposited every evening. + + + +11. The Press-gang. + + + [Picture: The Press-gang] + +From the Custom House it is but a few steps to Tower-hill. Well, there +is a view of it, and of the Tender, which is an old man-of-war, riding at +anchor on the Thames, for the purpose of receiving impressed men for the +king’s service. + + Say, Mr. Lieutenant, before I surrender, + By what right you take me on board of your tender? + In the peaceable trader I rather would be, + And no man-of-war, Sir, I thank you, for me. + + + +12. The Tower of London + + + [Picture: The Tower of London] + +Is an ancient and irregular building, which arises from its having been +erected and enlarged by different sovereigns, at distant periods of time. +It was the palace of many of our monarchs, as well as a place of defence. +William of Normandy, called the Conqueror, having no great reliance on +the fidelity of his new subjects, built a fortress, (called the White +Tower,) on part of the present scite of the Tower, to which the origin of +this fabric may be attributed. In 1092, William Rufus laid the +foundation of a castle to the south, towards the river, which was +finished by his successor. Beneath this were two gates, one called +_Traitor’s_ Gate, through which state-prisoners were conveyed to their +prisons; the other entitled _Bloody_, which, too many who entered it, +found it deserved; imprisonment in those dark ages, being mostly the +certain passport to death. {14} Charles the Second cleared the ditch, +improved the wharfings, and introduced water by convenient sluices. The +whole underwent considerable repairs in the reign of George the Third. + +The principal entrance is by three gates on the west side. The whole are +guarded by soldiers; and when these gates are opened of a morning, the +formalities of a garrison are observed, though the interior now resembles +a town at peace, having streets, and a variety of buildings. When the +gates are shut at night, the Yeoman Porter, with a serjeant and six +privates, goes to the governor’s house for the keys, and on the porter’s +returning from the outer gate, he is challenged by the guard, drawn up +under arms, with, “_Who comes there_?” to which he replies, “_The Keys_.” +The guards answer, “_Pass Keys_,” and rest their firelocks. The yeoman +porter says, “_God save the King_!” and the ceremony closes with a +general “_Amen_.” + +The Wardens, or Yeomen Porters of the Tower, wear a uniform, the same as +the yeomen of the king’s guard at the palaces. Their coats are of fine +scarlet cloth, laced with gold round the edges and seams, with several +rows of gold lace, and bound round the waist with a girdle of the same +material. Their form is uncommon, having full sleeves, and short, full +skirts. On their breasts and backs they wear the king’s silver badge of +the rose, thistle, and shamrock, with the letters G. R. Their heads are +covered with round, flat-crowned caps, tied with bands of coloured +ribbons. The whole appearance forms an elegant livery, well adapted to +royalty. + + + +13. The Armory. + + + [Picture: The Armory] + +The spoils of the Spanish Armada are still shown in the Tower. There +are, amongst them, several kinds of arms and instruments of cruelty, +designed for torturing their English prisoners; and the following list of +them will prove the barbarity of Spain at that period. + + THE SPOILS OF THE SPANISH ARMADA. + +1. The pope’s banner, by him blessed and declared invincible. + +2. A battle-axe for penetrating steel armour. + +3. A spadole, used as a small sword, the point poisoned. + +4. An anchove, for hooking men off their horses. + +5. A lance. + +6. A lance, with the current coin on the head. + +7. A Spanish morning star: the points were poisoned, to keep people from +boarding ships. + +8. A lance, which the Spaniards vauntingly said was for bleeding the +English. + +9. A battle-axe with a pistol at the end. + +10. A battle-axe. + +11. A Spanish bilbo, to lock the English by the legs. + +12. A thumb-screw, an instrument of torture. + +13. A Spanish instrument of torture, called the cravat. + +14. A Spanish shield with a pistol fixed in it. + +15. A battle-axe, or scull-cracker, to make four holes at a blow. + +16. The Spanish general’s shield of honour. + +17. Spike-shot. + +18. Bar-shot. + + * * * * * + +The figure of Queen Elizabeth in armour, forms a proper addition to the +collection. She stands in a spirited attitude, by a cream-coloured +horse, attended by her page. The axe that beheaded the unfortunate Ann +Boleyn, wife of the cruel King Henry the Eighth, is also shown here. The +small armoury contains stands of arms for one hundred thousand men, +tastefully arranged in a variety of figures. The apartment is three +hundred and forty-five feet in length, and is thought to exceed every +thing of the kind in Europe. + + + +14. The Horse Armory. + + + [Picture: The Horse Armory] + +The Horse Armory is a large apartment, containing, amongst many +curiosities, seventeen of the kings of England on horseback, in the suits +of armour they had each worn. Most of this armour is very rich, and +beautifully ornamented. The furniture of the horses is of velvet, laced +with gold. + +There is a suit of armour belonging to John of Gaunt, Duke of Lancaster, +which is seven feet high; and another made for Henry the Eighth, when +sixteen years old, which is six feet in height. + + + +15. The Wild Beasts in the Tower. + + + [Picture: The Wild Beasts in the Tower] + +But no sight in the Tower is more interesting than the wild beasts: +lions, tigers, leopards, bears, monkeys, &c. As they are confined in +cages, with iron gates before them, there is no danger, if people keep +their distance; but some dreadful accidents have happened, by children +going within reach of the paws of the lion, she bear, or tiger. + + Don’t be frighten’d, young lady, to look at the lion, + You see he can’t spring through the grating of iron; + But if you were wand’ring, like poor Mungo Park, + In Africa’s forests, bewilder’d and dark; + And there, where no refuge or hut could be found, + Should hear his fierce roar thro’ the valleys around; + Or there, by the moonlight, astonish’d to stand, + And see his huge shadow glide by on the sand; + Oh, then you might tremble with terror, and fly + And hide ’mid the palm-tree till he had passed by: + An enemy fierce and all-powerful then, + But now a poor captive confined in his den. + + + +16. The Jewel Office. + + +This office is a strong stone room, in which are kept the crown, ball, +and sceptre, used by the kings of England at their coronation, all richly +set with jewels; besides other crowns and regal ornaments, and some +pieces of curious old plate. The crown worn by the king when he goes in +state to the House of Lords, is enriched with an emerald seven inches +round, with other gems of great value. Great precautions are taken to +secure the regalia, the whole being enclosed within a grate. This was +found needful in the days of Charles the Second, after a daring, +unprincipled man, named _Blood_, had attempted to steal the crown and +other royal ornaments. Under the form of a clergyman, and pretended +friendship to Mr. Edwards, who was keeper of the jewels, he introduced +three of his companions, as wicked as himself, and having knocked down +and gagged the unsuspecting old man, they concealed the crown and other +valuables under their clothes, and were going off with their booty, +leaving the keeper, as they supposed, dead, or stunned with their blows, +on the floor; but he never lost his senses, and taking advantage of their +security, forced out the gag, and calling for assistance, pursued the +villains, and recovered the spoil! + +In our picture is seen + +Fig. + +1. The imperial crown of Great Britain. + +2. The golden sceptre with the cross. + +3. The sceptre with the dove of peace. + +4. St. Edward’s staff, carried before the king at his coronation. + +5. The golden orb, which is put into the king’s right hand before he is +crowned. + +6. The king’s coronation ring. + +7. The culanna, or pointless sword, being the sword of mercy. + +8 and 9. The swords of justice, spiritual and temporal. + + + +17. Rag Fair and Old Clothes. + + +Not far from the Tower is Rosemary Lane, where Rag Fair is daily held. +To describe the great variety there sold, would exceed all bounds; we +would, however, advise every country customer who visits that place, to +take particular care of his pockets, that the money depart not without +his consent; and, if he takes change, to see well that the silver be +good. A word to the wise is sufficient. But as many dealers in old +clothes know that an industrious disposition is worth more than good +opportunities without it; and as nothing is to be got by standing still, +up old Levi gets early in the morning, and rambles about from street to +street, and buys old clothes of those who have got new ones: or sometimes +he gets a stock of hats and slippers, and then begins his walk again. +So, as he wants his money more than he does his goods, he sells them to +those who want the goods more than they want their money. Thus both +parties are accommodated. This is the business of a trader; and his +customers are as much obliged to him for letting them have his things, as +he is to them for letting him have their money. + + + +18. Ship-building. + + +Now we have a distant view of a man-of-war (which is a great fighting +ship) building at Deptford. You may see, by the boats in the front, how +large it must be; for the further off any thing is, the smaller it looks; +and yet it seems larger at this distance, than the boats which are close +by. It is like a large floating house, with convenient apartments, +sufficient to accommodate 800 people. Numbers of men have been at work +on it for several years; and hundreds of fine oaks, which have been from +fifty to a hundred years in growing, have been cut down to build it with: +besides all the iron from Sweden, for bolts and nails; and fir-trees from +Norway, for planks and masts; and copper from Cornwall, to cover its +bottom with, to preserve it from being rotted by the sea-water and from +other injuries; and the pitch, tar, paint, glue, and I cannot tell how +many other things, which must be used before it is fit to swim. What a +pity that all this expense and trouble should be wasted in contriving to +kill our neighbours and destroy their property; when it might be employed +to the advantage of both parties by promoting a friendly intercourse with +each other. + + + +19. Nosegays. + + + [Picture: Nosegays] + + Through many a long and winding lane, + My wand’ring feet have stray’d; + While yet the drops of early rain + Were sparkling on the blade. + + Along the hedge I bent my way, + Where roses wild are seen; + Or cowslips peeping out so gay + Among the tangled green. + + Or primrose, with its pucker’d leaf + And simple early bloom; + Or violet, hiding underneath + The hedge’s shady gloom. + + With finger wet with morning dew, + And torn by many a spray, + My roses red, and violets blue, + I bound in posies gay. + + Before the sun has risen high, + And all their colours fade, + Come, lady fair, my posies buy, + Of modest wild-flow’rs made. + + + +20. The Water-cress Girl, + + + Lady, lady, buy, I pray, + Water-cresses fresh and young; + Many miles I’m forced to stray, + Lanes and meadows damp among. + Stooping at the crystal brook, + By the morning light I’m seen: + Lady, lady, pray you look; + Buy my water-cresses green. + + ’Tis the honest truth I tell, + These were gather’d fresh to-day; + I have cause to know it well, + By the long and weary way. + On my arm, so tann’d and brown, + So my little basket hung; + As I travell’d back to town, + With my water-cresses young. + + Hardly was a little bird + Stirring as I went along; + Not a waggon-wheel I heard, + Nor the ploughman’s cheery song. + Still upon the waters grey, + Mists of early morning hung; + Buy then, lady fair, I pray, + Buy my water-cresses young. + + + +21. The Brewer’s Dray. + + + [Picture: The Brewer’s Dray] + + Here travels the brewer along with his dray, + And the horse seems as if he had something to say; + Now (tho’ between friends I am forced to confess + That I cannot quite _hear_ him) I think I can guess: + “Good master,” perhaps, “do not give such a smack; + For even a dray-horse can feel on his back; + And surely ’tis fair that my labour should earn, + At least civil treatment from you in return.” + + + +22. The Twopenny-post Boy. + + + [Picture: The Twopenny-post Boy] + +This is a most welcome lad to many a tradesman, when he brings good +orders, with a Banknote, or bill to be regularly paid: also to every +parent, child, or friend, who wishes to hear of the welfare of parties +that live at a distance. + + Quoth I to the Postman, good master, your nag, + By this time is tired by the weight of your bag; + You’ve set off from your office, and rode without stopping, + Till your poor panting steed is in danger of dropping. + Now, said he, if these letters were weigh’d by their sense, + ’Twere a chance if they rose o’er a couple of pence; + And if that could be managed, my beast would not mind, + If I carried them with me, or left them behind. + + + +23. The Dancing Bear and Dogs. + + + [Picture: The Dancing Bear and Dogs] + +I wish the bear had remained in Russia or Poland, rather than, after +being brought from his native woods, to be thus tormented; for who can +tell what misery he underwent in learning to move at the command of his +keeper. And as for the poor dogs, they must be very tired before their +day’s work is ended. I would rather find employment for the men, than +give them money for punishing poor animals as they do! + + + +24. The Camel and Monkey. + + + [Picture: The Camel and Monkey] + +What a wonderful place is this said London! Here are not only bears from +the cold regions of Russia, Poland, and America, but also a camel from +the hot sands of Arabia or the East Indies, walking in the streets! +Behold the playful monkey on its head, and numbers of fearless boys upon +its back. In Turkey, Arabia, and Persia, the camel is a most useful +creature, carrying very great weights of spices and merchandise, for a +considerable number of miles, and for several days together, without any +kind of sustenance. They are said to have a particular property, in +scenting out places in the sand where water is to be found. + +The milk of this animal is very nutritive, and, mixed with water, forms +the principle beverage of the Arabians. The flesh supplies them with +food: that of the young is reckoned a delicacy. + +The camel feeds entirely on vegetables. Not only pencils and brushes for +painters, but some very neat and fine garments have been made with its +hair. + + In Arabian deserts bare, + I have toil’d with patient care, + While upon my crooked back + Hung the merchant’s precious pack, + Full of spices and of gold, + In the markets to be sold: + But it was my native clime, + And I liked it all the time. + + Now a poor and weary hack, + With a monkey on my back, + Taught by many a knock and bruise, + I the gaping crowd amuse, + Through your city as I go, + Tired and dismal, for a show: + Oh! that I could see again + My native, sandy, barren plain! + + + +25. The Royal Exchange. + + + [Picture: The Royal Exchange] + +Here merchants meet from all parts of the world. The traffic on the seas +being very great, to and from every nation, in time of peace, it must +afford great convenience to the ship-owners, ship-captains, and traders, +to have one spot where they can meet to transact their business. Sir +Thomas Gresham, a merchant, laid the foundation in 1566, and Queen +Elizabeth was so pleased with the building, that she dignified it with +the title of _Royal Exchange_, by sound of trumpet. + +The inside of the Exchange affords a busy scene: Englishmen, Dutchmen, +Frenchmen, Spaniards, Russians, Turks, Americans, and Jews. How intent +every one appears to be on business, and what a general buzz and din we +hear: yet the figure of one individual stands very silently in the midst +of all, I mean the statue of Charles the Second, on a pedestal. In a few +years, every one of these active merchants will be as motionless as this +marble statue. It may be of service to the busy Englishman, sprightly +Frenchman, lazy Spaniard, plodding-Dutchman, rough Russian, proud Turk, +and rich Jew, to reflect on this; and to endeavour, with all their +gettings, to get understanding. + + + +26. The Fire-engine. + + + [Picture: The Fire-engine] + +We know of no place better supplied with engines for putting out fire, +than London; and though fires are very frequent, they seldom do so much +damage as formerly, when houses were built of wood, or without +party-walls. + +An engine is a very clever contrivance: the pipes convey the water over +the tops of the houses; and if an engine arrives in time, it frequently +prevents the flames from spreading further. {29} + + + +27. Drawing Goods in a Truck. + + + [Picture: Drawing Goods in a Truck] + +Well done, my good boy! and well done, my good dog! Why the dog works as +hard as the boy, and seems to do it with quite as much ease. + + In drawing that truck, boy, you now feel a part + Of what ev’ry horse feels, when drawing a cart. + +Come, my lad, haste away, to make room for a fine coach, full of gay +people, coming to the East India House. + + + +28. The East India House. + + +The East India Company is one of the most powerful and wealthy +associations in Europe; and their house in Leadenhall Street is a very +elegant building. The Company was originally formed by Queen Elizabeth, +in 1600, principally for the purpose of procuring spices at a cheap rate, +which were advanced in price by the Dutch. From traders they became +conquerors of the natives, and having obtained a footing in the country, +usurped the sovereignty over considerable districts; and war, with +oppression, have too often befallen the harmless natives. The India +ships bring home tea, coffee, silks both raw and manufactured, cottons, +muslins, calicoes, drugs, China-ware, rice, sago, saltpetre, pepper, +indigo, &c &c. + + + +29. London Stone. + + + [Picture: London Stone] + +This is to be seen in Cannon Street, against the wall of St. Swithin’s +church, where it has long been preserved. It is now cased with +stone-work, and guarded by an iron bar and spikes, but still remains open +to view. It has been supposed to be a standard, from which the Romans, +when in England, computed their miles. Proclamations were formerly +delivered from this stone to the people. + + + +30. Guildhall. + + + [Picture: The Guildhall] + +This is the place where the public business of the corporation of London +is transacted; and where the judges sit to hear and determine causes. In +this hall the Court of Aldermen and Common Council have a very handsome +chamber, or court-room, which is ornamented with a capital collection of +paintings, presented to the City of London by the late worthy Alderman +Boydell, who greatly promoted the arts. The fine painting by Mr. Copley, +representing the siege of Gibraltar by the Spanish flotilla, and likewise +an elegant marble statue of George III. our late venerable monarch, are +well worth seeing by every admirer of the arts of painting and statuary. + +Nearly opposite to the entrance of this fine building, and on each side +of the clock, formerly stood two gigantic statues, commonly called Gog +and Magog, supposed to be the figures of a Briton and a Saxon; but they +are now removed to the west end of the hall, as they are seen in the +picture, No. 31. + +Two modern painted windows complete the decorations of this venerable +building; the one representing the royal arms, the other those of the +city of London. + + + +32. The Mansion House, + + + [Picture: The Mansion House] + +Well, here are the Lord Mayor’s coach and six horses, standing opposite +the Mansion House, which is the place of residence for every chief +magistrate during his mayoralty. It is a stone building of magnificence, +but appears the more heavy and gloomy from its confined situation. + + + +33. The Bank of England. + + + [Picture: The Bank of England] + +Not far from the Mansion House stands the Bank of England. This building +fills a space enclosed by the four streets, Bartholomew Lane, Lothbury, +Prince’s Street, and Bank Buildings. It is truly interesting to behold +the busy scene that daily passes in the rotunda, amongst the buyers and +sellers of stock, or those who are engaged in transferring it, all so +eagerly occupied with their affairs, and showing their anxiety by their +countenances. Where money is, there the crowd will be; and persons who +go to the Bank should be careful lest their pockets be picked of such +money as they may have received. + + + +34. St. Paul’s Cathedral. + + + [Picture: St. Paul’s Cathedral] + +This is a wonderfully fine building! and the countryman’s amazement on +first seeing it, is very naturally expressed in the following lines: + + Of all the brave churches I ever did see, + Sure this seems the greatest and grandest to me! + What a wonderful place! I am full of surprise, + And hardly know how to believe my own eyes. + Why sure that gold cross at the top is so high, + That it must, now and then, prick a hole in the sky; + And, for my part, I should not be much in amaze, + If the moon should run foul of it, one of these days. + +It is not only the outside of this fine building that commands attention, +but the inside also. The whispering gallery, the great bell, the +library, and so many other curiosities are to be seen, that even to name +the whole would require more space than we can afford in our little work. + +A young country gentleman, who was never before on any thing higher than +a haystack, has now reached the top of St. Paul’s, and is admiring the +prospect from the iron gallery. + + Well, certainly, this is a wonderful sight; + And pays one for climbing up here such a height. + Dear, what a large city! and full, in all parts, + Of churches and houses, of horses and carts. + What hundreds of coaches, and thousands of folk! + And then, _above all_, what a very thick smoke! + I could stand here all _day_ to behold this fine town; + Tho’, as night’s coming on, I had better go down. + +I think so too, young gentleman: and mind how you go along the dark +staircase, for it would be a sad thing to fall down among that frightful +scaffolding. Walk gently, and lay hold of the rail as you go along, and +you will be safe enough. + + + +35. The Blue-coat School, called Christ’s Hospital. + + + [Picture: The Blue-coat School] + +There are nearly one thousand children educated here at a time. The boys +continue to wear the dress worn in the days of the virtuous and youthful +prince, Edward the Sixth, who founded this school for orphans and other +poor children. + +Their singular dress consists of a coat of blue cloth, formed something +similar to a woman’s gown; and in winter they wear a yellow woollen +petticoat. Their stockings are of yellow worsted, and round their waist +they buckle a red-leather girdle. They are also furnished with a round, +flat woollen cap, about the size of a tea-saucer, which they generally +carry under their arm. A pewter badge on their breast, and a clergyman’s +band round their neck, complete their antique uniform. + + + +36. The enraged Ox. + + + [Picture: The enraged Ox] + +This is what might have been expected, my lad! You have been teasing and +worrying that animal, till it is become quite furious, and now you must +take the consequence. It was as tame and quiet as any ox in Smithfield, +till you began to pull it by the tail, and beat it about the horns; and +now, (as oxen do not know they ought not to be revengeful,) you cannot be +surprised if it should give you a toss or two. Cruel folks are always +cowardly, and it is no wonder to see you running away in such a dreadful +fright. + + + +37. The Dustman. + + + [Picture: The Dustman] + + Bring out your dust, the dustman cries, + Whilst ringing of his bell: + If the wind blows, pray guard your eyes, + To keep them clear and well. + +A very useful set of men are these: they remove the dust and dirt from +the houses in the city. It is a very profitable business; for, by +sifting and sorting what is taken away, every thing becomes useful. +There are frequently found cinders for firing, ashes and breeze for +brickmakers: bones and old rags, tin and old iron, are carefully +separated from oyster-shells and stones, which have their several +purchasers. + + My masters, I’m dirty, nor can I be clean; + My bus’ness it would ill become, + With my face and hands clean in the streets to be seen, + While I carry my shovel and broom. + + + +38. The taking of Guy Fawkes. + + + [Picture: The taking of Guy Fawkes] + +In one of the print-shops of London may be seen a representation of the +taking of Guy Fawkes, in the reign of King James the First. In the year +1605, the plot to destroy the king and parliament was discovered, owing +to an anonymous letter sent to Lord Monteagle. In a cellar under the +parliament-house, there were found thirty-six barrels of gunpowder; upon +which were laid bars of iron, massy stones, faggots, &c. Near these Guy +Fawkes was concealed, with a dark lantern and three matches. He +instantly confessed his guilt; and, with Sir Everard Digby, Catesby, and +several others, was executed. + + + +39. Guy Fawkes in Effigy. + + + [Picture: Guy Fawkes in Effigy] + + Who comes riding hither, as black as a coal, + With matches and old tinder-box, + And holding his lantern, a figure so droll? + ’Tis nobody less than Guy Fawkes! + +Every parish in England formerly used to have its _Pope_ or _Guy_ carried +about by idle men and boys on the 5th of November, who usually went from +house to house, begging for money to make a bonfire and a feast. In many +of the villages near London, there used to be two or more parties of +large boys from different parts of the parish; and it frequently +happened, that when one of them thought the other had encroached, by +visiting such houses for money as were deemed out of their bounds, that +battles were fought between them. Many were lamed in these affrays, and +the treasurer to the weakest party has often been plundered of such money +as had been collected. + +The people of England in general, of late years, have discouraged these +processions and riots, and they have become so insignificant, as to be +noticed only by children. But even in the present time, some idle people +will fire guns, and throw squibs into the streets, which have caused many +serious accidents; and here seems some poor creature going to + + + +40. Bartholomew’s Hospital, + + + [Picture: Bartholomew’s Hospital] + +Which is in West Smithfield, and where all persons accidentally injured, +are admitted at any hour of the day or night, and carefully attended by +skilful surgeons, and proper nurses. This hospital has long remained a +monument of the piety of its founder, — Rahere, who was minstrel, or +jester, to King Henry the First. Grown weary of the gay offices of his +station, he reformed, founded a priory, and established this hospital for +the sick and maimed. It was granted by King Henry the Eighth, on certain +conditions, to the City of London, in the last year of his reign, for the +same purposes as those of its original foundation. The present building +was erected in the reign of George the Second, in 1730. + + + +41. Smithfield Market + + + [Picture: Smithfield Market] + +Is in a large, open, square place, called West Smithfield; where is held, +for three days in the week, a market for hay and straw; and the other +three days for horses and cattle of all kinds, which make the place very +dirty and inelegant in its appearance. Various have been the purposes, +at different periods, to which this place has been applied, it having +been equally devoted to festive joy, and extreme misery. Here, in the +days of chivalry, the court and nobility held their gallant tilts and +tournaments, with a magnificent parade, characteristic of the age. On +the same spot, for a series of years, have been enjoyed by the lowest +vulgar, the buffoonery humours of Bartholomew Fair, which was first +granted by Henry the Second, to a neighbouring priory, as a mart for +selling the commodities of the drapers of London, and clothiers of +England. As other channels for the disposing of drapery goods arose, +this fair, from a resort of business, became a meeting of pleasure. It +continues three days, to the great annoyance of real trade and decorum; +and a court of _pie-powder_ is held daily, to settle the disputes of the +people who frequent it. On the other hand, in ancient times, it was the +common place of execution for criminals. In the centre of the place now +enclosed with rails, many martyrs were burned at the stake, for their +adherence to the reformed religion; and, lastly, it was the field of +combat, when the guilt of the accused was attempted to be decided by +duel. + +There has been of late years, a show of fat cattle annually at +Smithfield, and the feeders of the best kinds have been rewarded with +money, or a piece of valuable plate, which has greatly contributed to +encourage the improvement of various breeds of sheep and cattle. + + + +42. St. Dunstan’s Church. + + + [Picture: St. Dunstan’s Church] + +This is in Fleet Street, and had a very narrow escape from the great fire +of 1666, which stopped within three houses of it. There are two savage +figures on the outside of the clock, that strike the quarters with their +clubs, with which children and strangers are much amused. Dunstan, +before he was made a saint, was well skilled in many arts: he was a good +engraver and worker in brass and iron. He was supposed to be the +inventor of the _Eolian Harp_, whose soft notes are produced by a current +of air causing the wires to vibrate. This was not comprehended by the +vulgar; so, from being wiser than his neighbours, he was deemed a +conjuror by them. + + + +43. The Postman and Letter-Carrier. + + + [Picture: The Postman and Letter-Carrier] + +Make haste, my good lad, or the postman may be gone. These +letter-carriers begin to ring a bell about five o’clock every evening, +and collect letters and newspapers in the several parts of the town, so +as to be able to get to the General Post Office in time for sorting them +for the mail-coaches. + +The gentleman’s servant with the letter, seems to be sent from some +lawyer in the Temple, as there is a view of the gardens and fountain. + + + +44. The Temple + + +Is a place of residence for students of the common law, divided into two +societies, called the Inner and the Middle Temple, which, with the other +law-associations, are called Inns of Court. The buildings of the Temple +are ample and numerous, with pleasant gardens extending to the shores of +the Thames, which prove agreeable retreats to young persons who have been +engaged in study. + + + +45. The Knife-grinder. + + + [Picture: The Knife-grinder] + +This man seems to be very busy, and it is but reasonable to suppose that +he may meet with many employers amongst the students of the law, and the +law-stationers, in and about the Temple: for as they use many pens, a +sharp knife must be quite needful for mending them. But I think he does +not confine himself to grinding knives only, but when wanting a job, he +cries, “Knives to grind! Scissors to grind! Razors to grind!” + +Well! who would believe it? why, that is lazy Tom, turned knife-grinder +at last! + +“Ay, master, and I never was so happy in my life. I thought, like a +foolish old fellow, that a beggar’s life must at least be an easy one; +but at last I found out, that, though I had nothing to do, I often had +nothing to eat. So, one day, I thought to myself, thinks I, ‘I’ve a vast +mind to bestir myself, and work for my living, for after all this idling, +I don’t see that I am much of a gentleman for it.’ So I bought this +grinding barrow, and began business for myself; and now I earn a +comfortable living, and am as happy as the day is long: + + “And so every body who tries it, will find: + I wish you good morning, Sir—Scissors to grind!” + + + +46. The Chair-mender. + + + [Picture: The Chair-mender] + + Old chairs to mend! old chairs to mend! + If I’d as much money as I could spend, + I’d leave off crying, old chairs to mend! + +Perhaps so, but then you might not be more healthy, useful, or happy, +than at present. Exercise and sobriety contribute to health, and +industry produces the means of procuring wealth sufficient to live in a +comfortable manner. A chair-bottomer is a very useful man: he +contributes to the ease and comfort of many of his employers; yet, one +cannot help asking, Has every chair which wants a new bottom, been worn +out fairly? What! have no little boys, or great girls, been standing up +in them? or drawing them up and down the house and yard, to wear out the +rushes? + +During the war with Holland, rushes for bottoming chairs were very scarce +and dear, so that the poor men in that line of business found a great +difficulty to obtain materials and employment. + +This man, although he appears poor, yet he occupies the highest situation +in the city of London, having taken his seat in Panyer Alley, leading +from Newgate Street to Paternoster Row; where a stone is placed, in the +wall of one of the houses, with the following inscription in old English +verse: + + WHEN Y HAVE SOVGHT + THE CITTY ROVND, + YET STILL THS IS + THE HIGHST GROVND. + AVGVST THE 27, + 1688. + + + +47. The News Boy and Flying Pieman. + + + [Picture: The News Boy and Flying Pieman] + +“Great News! Great News!” “All Hot! Smoking Hot!” These are two busy +men, indeed; one cries food for the mind, and the other food for the +body. Neither of these tradesmen keep long in one place. The news-boy +would be very glad to have a hot plumcake, but he has not time to eat it; +nor will the pieman wait to hear what the news is. So that they are not +only _busy men_, but what is very different, _men of business_. They are +passing by _The Obelisk_, in Fleet Street, built by the City of London, +on the spot which was once the centre of Fleet Ditch, which flowed as +high as Holborn Bridge, under that part which Fleet Market is now built +upon. + + + +48. Blackfriars’ Bridge. + + + [Picture: Blackfriars’ Bridge] + +Here we have a view of Blackfriars’ Bridge, and, from the great bustle +there is upon the river, there seems to be a rowing match among several +watermen. This bridge is a noble structure, consisting of nine arches, +the centre one being one hundred feet wide. Over each pier is a recess, +with seats for passengers on the bridge, supported by two beautiful Ionic +pillars, which stand on a semi-circular projection, rising above +high-water mark; and the whole appears an admirable piece of workmanship, +upon the water. This bridge was begun in the year 1760, from a design of +Robert Mylne, Esq. the architect, and finished in about eight years, at +the expence of rather more than one hundred and fifty thousand pounds. + +Blackfriars’ Bridge is a very pleasant place for a walk, especially on a +fine summer’s evening, when the air is still and serene, and the light +pleasure-boats are gliding up and down the river with their gay +companies. + +It is a beautiful sight to see the sun setting from this place: it shines +upon the great dome of St. Paul’s, in all its glory, and makes it look as +if it were made of gold. The watermen are always waiting about the +bridges, and keep a brisk cry of Boat! boat, who wants a boat? Oars, +Sir! sculler, Sir! + + + +49. Temple Bar. + + + [Picture: Temple Bar] + +Temple Bar is a noble gateway of stone, with a large arch in the centre +for carriages, and a covered path on each side for foot-passengers. It +is now the only gate standing, except St. John’s Gate, Smithfield, out of +the many formerly used at the several principal entries into the city. +On some public occasions, as, when the king or any of the royal family +come into the city, or on a proclamation of peace, this gate is shut and +opened with great formality. On the latter occasion, the gates of Temple +Bar are shut, to show that the jurisdiction of the city is under the Lord +Mayor. The knight-marshal, with his officers, having reached this +barrier of city authority, the trumpets are sounded thrice; and the +junior officer of arms riding up to the gate, knocks with a cane. The +city marshal within demands, “Who comes there?” The herald replies, “The +officers of arms, who ask entrance into the city, to publish his +majesty’s proclamation of peace.” On this the gates are opened, and he +alone is admitted; when, being conducted to the Lord Mayor, he shows the +royal warrant, which his lordship having read and returned, he orders the +city marshal to open the gates. This being done, the heralds resume +their places; and the procession, joined by the city magistrates, +proceeds to the Royal Exchange, where the proclamation is read. + +The very great improvements already made from Temple Bar towards St. +James’s, have cost so considerable a sum of money, that the destruction +of this gate, or bar, has been delayed much longer than was expected. +The upper part of it was used of late years as an office for publishing +the Star newspaper. + +Shortly after the rebellion of 1745, the heads of three rebel noblemen +were fixed on three poles, on the top of the gate, where they remained +till they decayed, or were blown down by a high wind. + + + +50. The Paviors. + + + [Picture: The Paviors] + +When we see a rope, with a wisp of straw tied to it, across the street, +no carriage should attempt to pass, for that is the pavior’s signal that +the road is stopped, by their being at work on the stones. And hard work +it seems to be, to use the heavy rammer. + + “Does not each walker know the warning sign, + When wisps of straw depend upon the twine + Cross the close street, that then the pavior’s art + Renews the way, denied to coach or cart? + For thee the sturdy pavior thumps the ground, + Whilst every stroke his labouring lungs resound.” + +The stones for paving London are mostly brought from the quarries of +Scotland, by ships; and very few towns or cities in Europe are better +paved than the City of London. Indeed, every year seems to add +improvements, for the health and comfort of the inhabitants. + +The country farmer, who has been used to nothing but ploughed fields, and +uneven, rutted lanes, or, at best, to the rough gravel of a cross-country +road, would be surprised to see the streets of London paved as neatly as +Farmer Furrowdale’s kitchen, and the lamps lighted as regularly every +evening, as that in the great hall at the ’squires. And now, by the +introduction of gas, the principal streets are very brilliantly +illuminated, without the aid of tallow, oil, or cotton. + + + +51. Westminster Abbey. + + + [Picture: Westminster Abbey] + +There seems to be one more great person removed from this life, and going +in a hearse with six horses, to his last home. Westminster Abbey is a +fine Gothic pile, and was founded by _Sebert_, king of the East Saxons, +but at what time is uncertain. In this place the kings and queens of +England have been crowned, ever since the days of Pope Nicholas the +Second, who appointed it for their inauguration. The coronation chairs +are kept here, and the seat of the most ancient one is the stone on which +the kings of Scotland used to be crowned, brought to Westminster by +Edward the First. + +The great number of monuments, and other curiosities of this venerable +building, with the variety of pavements and chapels, are well worthy of a +visit from every enquiring stranger; but the insertion of a full +description here, would be more than can be expected. + + + +52. The Tombs. + + + [Picture: The Tombs] + +There is a Westminster scholar, and he appears to be explaining the +particulars of some Latin inscription, to his mother and sister, who have +called to see him. Methinks I hear the lady say, “See, my dear children, +what the richest and greatest come to at last. Rich and poor, high and +low, must all be laid in the grave; and though this noble monument +appears very grand to the living, it makes no difference to ‘the poor +inhabitant below,’ whether he lies beneath a beautiful pile of white +marble, or has only a few green osiers bound over his grave.” + + + +53. Westminster Bridge + + + [Picture: Westminster Bridge] + +Is admired both for the grandeur and simplicity which are united in its +several parts. Henry, Earl of Pembroke, promoted the erection of this +bridge, and laid the first stone, in the beginning of the year 1739. It +has thirteen arches, exclusive of a very small one at each end. The +foundation is laid on a solid bed of gravel, and the piers are solid +blocks of Portland stone, uniting strength with neatness. It was eight +years and three quarters in completing, and cost £389,500 being more than +double the cost of Blackfriars’. Westminster Bridge was opened for +carriages about midnight, by a procession of gentlemen, the chief +artificers, and a multitude of spectators. The architect was not a +native of this country: his name was Labelye. + +Not far from the bridge, in old Palace Yard, stands Westminster Hall. + + + +54. Westminster Hall + + + [Picture: Westminster Hall] + +Is thought to be the largest room in Europe unsupported by pillars, being +two hundred and seventy feet in length, and seventy-four in breadth. The +roof is of curious workmanship in oak, and reminds the beholders of a +grove of trees, whose top branches extend toward each other till they +unite. A great feast was held in this vast apartment, and other rooms of +the palace, in the days of King Richard the Second, who is said to have +entertained ten thousand guests, with his usual hospitality. + +This hall was the court of justice in which the sovereign presided in +person. Hence the Court of King’s Bench took its name. Charles the +First was tried here, and condemned to suffer death by his own subjects. +The trial of peers, or of any person impeached by the Commons, has been +usually held here; and the coronation feasts have been celebrated therein +for many ages. + +The ground on which the hall stands is so near to the water, that on +several high tides the Thames has overflowed the hall, the courts of +justice have been broken up prematurely, and the people conveyed away in +boats. + + + +55. The Lamplighter. + + + [Picture: The Lamplighter] + +Perhaps the streets of no city in the world are so well lighted as those +of London, there being lamps on each side of the way, but a few yards +distant from each other. It is said that a foreign ambassador happening +to enter London in the evening, after the lamps were lighted, was so +struck with the brilliancy of the scene, that he imagined the streets had +been illuminated expressly in honour of his arrival. What would he have +thought, had he passed through the lustre which is shed at present by the +gas lights, from so many of our shops, and from the lamps in the streets? +The Lamplighters are a useful set of men; and they are liable to many +accidents while engaged in their dangerous occupation. In the winter, +the foot-pavement is frequently so slippery, that they often fall and are +maimed, by the ladder’s sliding from under them; or sometimes a careless +passenger runs against the ladder and throws them down. But one of their +greatest difficulties is a high wind. In October, 1812, a poor man, +named Burke, who had been many years in that employment, as he was +lighting the lamps on the east side of Blackfriars’ Bridge, was, by a +sudden gust of wind, blown into the river, in presence of his son, a +child of ten years old, and before assistance could be procured, he sunk +to rise no more. + + + +56. The Watchman. + + + [Picture: The Watchman] + +This man has a comfortable great coat, a lantern, and a rattle, with a +large stick to attack thieves. I suppose my readers would think it very +wrong of him to sleep, and suffer thieves to do as they please; and so it +would. But I hope no one will blame the watchman, and do as bad himself; +for I have known some little folks, who have had books and teachers, and +good advice also, that have not made use of any of them. Indeed, +sometimes when their teachers were looking at them, they would appear to +be very busy and attentive for a little while; but when no one watched +them, they would do as little as a watchman when he takes a nap. + + + +57. The Link-boy. + + + [Picture: The Link-boy] + +The Link-boys are often on the watch, with their large torches, at dark +crossings and lanes, to light passengers through them. They deserve the +reward of a few halfpence, from those whom they assist. + + + +58. The Sedan Chair. + + + [Picture: The Sedan Chair] + +This mode of riding is now but seldom seen, though formerly it was +frequently in use. Now, Sedan Chairs are used only by the sick and +weakly, or by the nobility and others, who attend at the levees at court. +As for us poor authors, we must adopt the plan of riding when we must, +and walking while we can. + + + +59. The Milkmaid. + + + [Picture: The milkmaid] + +If any of my little readers wish to be as healthy and merry as Betty the +milkmaid, they must work hard, and rise early in the morning, instead of +lying in bed while every body else is about his business, and idling +their time till they go to bed again. Betty is obliged to get up as soon +as it is light, and then takes a walk into the fields to fetch her cows. +When she has milked their full udders into her clean pails, she sets off +again, and carries it from door to door, time enough for her customers to +have it for breakfast. As every one knows the business of a milkmaid, I +shall say no more about it; but advise those to remember her example, who +wish to make themselves happy or useful. + + + +60. The Sailors and Ship. + + + [Picture: The Sailors and Ship] + +Tom Hazard was an unthinking boy, and would not settle to any business at +home, and so ventured one day in a frolic to go on the water with a party +of young folks; and, as Tom staid out late at night, he was met on coming +ashore by a press-gang, who took him on board a man-of-war, from which, +after some time, he made his escape, and entered on board the _Desperate_ +Privateer, hazarding his life for a golden chain, or a broken limb. And +now, poor fellow, when it is too late, he sorely laments his situation, +for, having lost a leg, he wanders with some of his companions, and joins +in their mournful ditty. + + We poor sailors, lame and blind, + Now your charity would sue; + Treat us not with words unkind, + But a spark of pity shew. + + Where the stormy billows roar, + Many a year we plough’d the main: + Far, to east or western shore, + Luxuries for you to gain. + + Far from friends and houses warm, + (Comforts such as you can boast,) + We have braved the howling storm, + Shipwreck’d on a desert coast. + + Many a hardship have we known; + Round and round the world we’ve past; + Now, our limbs and eye-sight gone, + Come to beggary at last! + + + +61. The Admiralty Office. + + + [Picture: The Admiralty Office] + +This is in that part of the street between Charing Cross and Parliament +Street which is called White Hall, Westminster, having capacious +apartments for the Lords Commissioners of the Admiralty, who direct the +affairs of the navy. The telegraph receives information, and gives +instructions, in fair weather, to the various commanders of ships at the +different sea-ports. This invention was first practised with success in +France, and is admirably contrived to convey intelligence in a very +expeditious manner. + + + +62. The Sailing Match. + + + [Picture: The Sailing Match] + +Take care, my lads, not to crowd too much sail, or the boat may upset! +There they go! from Blackfriars’ Bridge, through Westminster Bridge, to +Vauxhall, and back again. What a number of boats there are on the water! +Let us hope no lives will be lost, for it seems rather dangerous to be +near such fast-sailing boats in a loaded wherry; and, as it is much the +safest to be on shore, we would recommend every little boy or girl to +keep off the water at such times. + + + +63. The drowned Boy. + + + [Picture: The downed boy] + +Ah, silly lad! he would go out of his depth, though he knew he was not a +skilful swimmer; and see what has been the consequence! He was seized +with the cramp, when he had been a few minutes in the water, and began to +sink directly. His brave companion jumped in after him, at the risk of +his own life, and has brought him back, quite senseless, to the boat. +How distressed his poor brother looks! and how anxious to see whether +there is any life left in him. + +There is a society in London, of which Dr. Hawes and Dr. Lettsom were the +founders, for the purpose of recommending the best means to be used for +recovering drowned persons. It is called the Humane Society. They have +houses placed at proper distances by the river-side, where assistance may +be had instantly; and every possible means are tried for many hours, +before they give any one quite over. Numbers have been restored to life +by this benevolent institution; and there is a sermon preached once a +year, before the Society, when many who have been brought to life by this +means are present: it is a very affecting spectacle. + +Let us hope they will take this poor boy to one of these places, and +perhaps he may yet be restored to his family. + + + +64. The General Post-office, + + + [Picture: The General Post-office] + +In St. Martin’s le Grand. The front of this fine building is 380 feet +long, and is ornamented with three Ionic porticos. The post-office is +one of the most busy spots in London, and is the most perfect system of +commercial convenience which has ever been formed under any government. +It receives letters from all parts of our own country, as well as from +every civilized nation in the world, and forwards them to their +destination with the utmost regularity. + +In front of the central portico, I see, there is one of the mail-coaches +for the conveyance of letters. These coaches travel at the rate of eight +miles an hour, including stoppages: they carry also passengers and +parcels. + + + +65. Southwark Bridge. + + + [Picture: Southwark Bridge] + +This grand fabric was constructed of cast-iron, under the direction of +John Rennie, Esq. It consists of three immense arches. The centre arch +spans 240 feet, and the two others 210 feet each. The weight of iron is +more than 5308 tons. The abutments are of stone. The bridge forms a +communication from the bottom of Queen Street, to Bankside, Southwark. +It was begun in September, 1814, and was completed, and opened for public +use, in March, 1819. The entire expense incurred by the building of this +bridge was £80,000. + + + +66. Waterloo Bridge + + + [Picture: Waterloo Bridge] + +Is built of a very hard kind of stone called granite. This bridge was +commenced in 1811, and completed in 1817. The road-way of the bridge is +level, which is very favourable to the draught of carriages. It has nine +fine arches, 120 feet span. The piers are twenty feet thick, ornamented +with Tuscan columns. This building was constructed under the +superintendence of the late John Rennie, Esq. The opening of this bridge +to the public was conducted with unusual grandeur, on the 18th of June, +1817; being the anniversary of the battle of Waterloo, his late Majesty, +then Prince Regent, and the Duke of Wellington, with grand military +cavalcade, attending. + +Near the foot of Waterloo Bridge, in the Strand, stands + + + +67. The Royal Academy, Somerset House. + + + [Picture: The Royal Academy] + +This academy of fine arts was established by royal charter in 1768. The +academy consists of forty academicians, twenty associates, and six +associate engravers. Sir Joshua Reynolds was the first president. They +make a grand annual exhibition of paintings, sculptures, &c. which +commences in May, and generally continues open about six weeks. + + + +68. Covent Garden. + + + [Picture: Covent Garden] + +Now we have a view of Covent Garden Market, where plants, fruit, and +flowers of every kind, are brought for sale from the country. By four +o’clock in a summer’s morning, it is completely full of the most rare and +beautiful plants that can be grown in England, either in open nurseries, +or in the hot-house and green-house: and, what with the number of busy +people buying and selling; the carts going to and fro, laden with +flowers, fruit, and vegetables of all sorts; the beauty and gaiety of the +different plants, and the sweetness of their odours, it is altogether a +most delightful scene. The Londoners cannot take a country walk whenever +they please, and enjoy the green fields and wild hedge-flowers, in the +open air; but they may supply themselves here with every kind of +beautiful plants, for a garden within doors; and to those who have a +little knowledge of botany, it must be not only an entertaining, but even +a useful amusement. + + + +69. The British Museum + + + [Picture: The British Museum] + +Was formerly the residence of the Dukes of Montague: it is now the +national museum for every kind of curiosity. Indeed, they are so +various, both natural and artificial, that it would require a very large +book to give even a very short account of them. Here are such a +multitude of animals of all kinds, birds, beasts, fishes, shells, +butterflies, insects, books both ancient and modern, precious stones, +medals, &c. that, in fact, the only way to form an idea of them, is to +see them. + + + +70. Charing Cross. + + + [Picture: Charing Cross] + + Here, upon his brazen horse, + Sits Charles the First at Charing Cross. + +This spot was formerly known as a village named _Charing_, near London, +in which King Edward the First placed a magnificent cross, in memory of +his beloved queen Eleanor, {65} which cross was destroyed by the fury of +the reformers, who regarded it as an object of superstition. _Le Sueur_, +a French artist, cast a fine statue in brass, of Charles the First on +horseback, which was erected in place of the cross. When Cromwell ruled, +this statue was sold to one _Revet_, a brazier, on condition of his +melting it, as the parliament had ordered that it should be destroyed. +Revet made a fortune by this statue, casting a vast number of articles in +bronze, as if made out of his purchase, which were eagerly bought by +those desirous of having a memorial of their prince; and by others, from +the pleasure of mean triumph over fallen royalty. Revet, however, had +not destroyed the statue, but kept it buried in the earth; and Charles +the Second, on his restoration, caused it to be erected again. + + + +71. Carleton House, + + + [Picture: Carleton House] + +Which has been pulled down since our plate was engraved, was a very grand +palace. It stood in Pall Mall, exactly opposite Waterloo Place. This +was the town-residence of his late Majesty: it was furnished with the +most elegant and splendid taste, and was said to be the most beautiful in +its decorations of any royal residence in Europe. + + + +72. The Quadrant, Regent Street. + + + [Picture: The Quadrant, Regent Street] + +This is one of the most beautiful of the new improvements at the west end +of the town, and is thought to be the most singular and magnificent line +of streets in the world. At the entrance of the Quadrant stands the +County Fire Office. The Building is surmounted by a colossal statue of +Britannia, behind which is an observatory, which affords a view over +London and the surrounding villages; the purpose of which is, that, on an +alarm of fire, the managing director may ascertain the position in which +it lies, and send the engines, which are kept at the back of the +building. + + + +73. The Funeral. + + + [Picture: The funeral] + +The kind and loving mother of those two children is dead, and going to +the grave! It is too late now to be dutiful to her, for she cannot open +her eyes to look at you, they are shut for ever; it is too late to do as +she bid you, for her lips are closed, and she cannot speak: it is too +late to wait upon her now, for she no longer requires your assistance! +O, little girl and little boy, if your dear mamma be still alive, be very +kind and dutiful to her before this sorrowful day comes; or else it will +be too late to do any thing for _her_, but cry very bitterly over her +grave. + + + +74. The Charity Children. + + + [Picture: The Charity Children] + +These charity children are coming from church, with the two +parish-beadles before them. Several thousands of poor children are +taught to read, work, and write, in the different charity-schools of +London, and to do their duty to God and to their neighbours; which will +enable them to become respectable in this world, and tend to make them +happy in the next. + +Once a year, about six thousand charity children, dressed in uniforms of +different colours, assemble in St. Paul’s Cathedral, on benches raised to +a great height one above the other, circularly, under the dome. The +order with which each school finds its own situation, and the union of so +many voices, all raised at one moment to the praise of their great +Creator, as they chant the hundredth psalm on the entrance of the +clergyman, cause a most delightful and affecting sensation in the minds +of the spectators. The solemnity of the place, and the hope that so much +innocence, under such protection, would be reared to virtue and +happiness, must add greatly to the effect. + +This uncommon scene is well described in the following lines. + + ’Twas in the pleasant month of June, their hands and faces clean, + The children walking two and two, in red, and blue, and green; + Grey-headed beadles walked before, with wands as white as snow, + Till into the high dome of St. Paul’s, they, like Thames’ waters, + flow. + Oh! what a multitude they seem’d, these flowers of London town! + Seated in companies they sit, with radiance all their own! + + The hum of multitudes was there, but multitudes of lambs; + Thousands of little boys and girls, raising their innocent hands; + Now like a mighty wind they raise to heaven the voice of song, + Or like harmonious thunderings, the seats of heav’n among. + Beneath them sit the aged men, wise guardians of the poor: + Then cherish pity, lest you drive an angel from your door. + + + +75. Highgate Tunnel. + + + [Picture: Highgate Tunnel] + +This grand excavation was made in 1821, through the eastern side of +Highgate-hill, for the purpose of easing the draught of horses in passing +in this direction. There is also a grand archway across, over the +Tunnel, which connects Highgate with Hornsey. + + + +76. Watering the Streets. + + + [Picture: Watering the streets] + +London streets, in dry weather, are very dusty; this, when the wind blows +briskly, annoys not only the eyes of those who walk, and of those who +ride, but spoils the look of many a joint of meat. Pastry-cooks’ and +many other shops are much hurt by the dust; so that, at an early hour in +the morning, many streets are watered by means of a scoop, and water pent +up in the kennels, on each side of the carriageway. + + + +77. Little Boy at the Crossing. + + + [Picture: Little boy at the crossing] + + That’s right, sweep away there, my good little man, + And earn a few halfpence, whenever you can. + +Many of the crossings in London streets are often very dirty, and some +little lads, who prefer doing even a dirty job to being idle, put down a +board for the passengers to walk upon, which they sweep clean continually +from mud or snow. They do not forget to hold their hats to those who +make use of this convenience; and good-natured people seldom fail to drop +a halfpenny into them, like the gentleman in the picture. + +Though some persons may be incommoded by wet weather, yet the poor little +street-sweeper, the hackney-coachman, the dealer in umbrellas, and +various other tradesmen in London, are much benefited by it; and in the +country it is often welcome to the farmer, whose corn and grass are made +to grow by the timely succession of wet and dry, heat and cold. + + + +78. The Flower-pot Man. + + + [Picture: The Flower-pot man] + + Here comes the old man with his flowers to sell, + Along the streets merrily going; + Full many a year I’ve remember’d him well, + With, “_Flowers_, _a growing_, _a blowing_!” + + Geraniums, in dresses of scarlet and green; + Thick aloes, that blossom so rarely; + The long creeping cereus with prickles so keen; + Or primroses modest and early. + + The myrtle dark green, and the jessamine pale, + Sweet scented and gracefully flowing, + This flower-man carries and offers for sale, + “_All flourishing_, _growing_, _and blowing_!” + + + +79. The Waterman, the Ticket Porter, and Fellowship Porter. + + + [Picture: The Waterman, the Ticket Porter, and Fellowship Porter] + +The privilege of working as a waterman on the river Thames, is only to be +obtained by servitude or birth-right; and freemen only can work as +porters in the city, for which they wear a ticket as a badge of +privilege, and on which their names are stamped and numbered; but the +privilege of bringing salt, fish, coals, fruit, and other goods on shore, +from ships, boats, or barges, belongs to the Company of Fellowship +Porters. All the firemen in London must be watermen or lightermen. + + + +80. The Coach-stand. + + + [Picture: The Coach-stand] + +Nothing can exceed the noise, bustle, and hurry, of the streets of +London, where carriages are passing backward and forward during the whole +day, and most of the night. Carts are creaking under heavy loads of +merchandise, mail-coaches are driving to and from the post-office with +the letter-bags, and more than a thousand hackney-coaches and chariots +are sometimes in motion at once on a rainy day. These are a great +convenience in London; for, to whatever part of the town you may wish to +go, you have only to beckon to a coachman, and + + He’ll drive you home quickly, and when you are there, + You have nothing to do but to pay him his _fare_. + +That gentleman and lady have called to a coachman to take them home; and +the waterman, who attends on hackney-coaches and their employers, seems +to be enquiring where they are going. We would recommend every person +who hires a hackney coach in London, to notice what number is on the +door, which, on many occasions, has been found very useful. + + I am an old coachman, and drive a good hack, + With a coat of five capes that quite covers my back; + And my wife keeps a sausage-shop, not many miles + From the narrowest alley in all broad St. Giles’. + + What tho’ at a tavern my gentleman tarries, + Why, the coachman grows richer than he whom he carries; + And I’d rather, says I, since it keeps me from sin, + Be the driver without, than the toper within. + + And tho’ I’m a coachman, I freely confess, + I beg of my Maker my labours to bless; + I praise him each morning, and pray ev’ry night, + And ’tis this makes my heart feel so cheerful and light. + + + +81. New Milk from the Cow. + + + [Picture: New milk from the cow] + +That lady and her children, who have gone from Cheapside to Islington, +may fancy themselves at a farm in the country; the fields look so green, +the fresh air is so reviving, and the warm milk so delightfully sweet. +Let us hope they will all receive some benefit from their morning +excursion; for a walk, and a draught of new milk, must contribute greatly +to the health of children who are confined for the rest of the day in a +crowded city. The old gentleman on the bench seems also to have had his +draught, and is contemplating the fine shape of the gentle cow. + + + +.82 Skating. + + + [Picture: Skating] + + There go the apprentice and beauish young spark, + To skate on the frozen canal in the park! + Each bent upon showing his skill and his speed: + And, truly, there’s one _bent upon it_, indeed. + Nay, if you go on where the ice is so thin, + You will not be long _on_, my good fellow, but _in_. + + + +83. The hard Frost. + + + [Picture: The hard frost] + +What a picture of winter! The water in the leaden pipes, leading from +the large iron ones underground, into the houses, is frozen. As some +part of the pipe is generally exposed to the cold air, this stoppage +frequently happens in a frost, so that the turn-cock is obliged to put a +small wooden pipe into one of the large ones underground, {75} that the +people may procure water. The poor woman’s cloak is frozen so hard, that +it looks like a great wing. The little boy blows his fingers to make +them warmer: and there is a man throwing the snow off the house, that it +may not soak through to the chamber ceiling when a thaw comes. What a +blessing to have a good house and a comfortable fire-side, when the +weather is so severe. + + + +84. The Fire-plug. + + + [Picture: The Fire-plug] + +The turn-cock, as he is called, has just opened a fire-plug, or rather +water-plug; but as its principal use is to supply water to the engines +for extinguishing fires, it has acquired the former name, more from +custom than propriety. Some boys make rare sport, by putting one foot on +the stream, and dividing the course of the water; it is thus driven into +the air, and over their companions or passengers. + +At first sight it seems impossible for water to run up hill; and yet, by +a little ingenuity, this is easily done; for, put water into what you +please, and one side or end of it will always rise as high as the other. +It is by knowing and thinking about this, that clever men have contrived +to supply whole cities with water, and even to send it up into the +highest rooms of a house. They first of all make a great reservoir, or +collection of water, on some neighbouring hill, from which pipes are +carried, underground, to all the houses they wish to supply; the water in +that end of the pipes next the town, always rising as high as that in the +reservoir at the other end of them. If they cannot find a convenient +spring, sufficiently high, they force the water to a proper height by +pumps and steam-engines; and by these inventions, do with ease, what the +best ancient philosophers might have thought impossible. When one of the +great pipes, which run through the streets of London, happens to burst, +the water soon forces up the pavement, and a fountain is produced. + + + +85. The London Docks + + + [Picture: The London Docks] + +Are situated in Wapping, between Ratcliffe Highway and the Thames. One +of the docks is so large, that it covers more than twenty acres of +ground, being 1262 feet long, and 699 feet wide. It was first opened on +the 31st of January, 1805. The new dock covers a space of fourteen +acres. There are also immense warehouses. One of them is 762 feet long, +and 160 feet wide, a representation of which was too large to introduce +into our picture; but we have given a view of the grand entrance, with a +ship going into the docks, to be unladen of her merchandise, which will +be taken care of in one of those warehouses, till it is sold for public +use. + + + +86, 87. Greenwich and Chelsea Hospitals, and Pensioners, + + + [Picture: Greenwich and Chelsea Hospitals, and Pensioners] + +The wise and benevolent design of founding an hospital for those brave +men who have been disabled by age or accident, from serving any longer in +the navy, is said, to the honour of the female sex, to have originated +with that excellent woman, Queen Mary, the wife of King William the +Third; and the founding of an asylum for invalid soldiers at Chelsea, was +also attributed to a female, one of King Charles the Second’s favourites. +The buildings at each place are more like palaces than hospitals, and +great care is taken to render the objects of the institution comfortable +in their situations. The hospital at Chelsea, with its appendages, +covers above forty acres of ground. There are three hundred and +thirty-six in-door pensioners, and an unlimited number of out-door +pensioners, who receive an annual allowance of seven pounds twelve +shillings and sixpence each. Greenwich Hospital admits two thousand +three hundred and fifty pensioners, who are provided with lodging, food, +clothing, and pocket-money; exclusive of about twelve hundred +out-pensioners, who receive seven pounds each per annum. Both hospitals +are situated by the water-side. At Chelsea, the pensioners have gardens +and fields to walk in; and at Greenwich, there is a large and pleasant +park. + + [Picture: Greenwich and Chelsea Hospitals, and Pensioners] + + * * * * * + + THE END. + + * * * * * + + * * * * * + + Joseph Rickerby, Printer, Sherbourn Lane. + + + + +Footnotes + + +{9} Published at 58, Holborn Hill. + +{14} Here Ann Boleyn, and many other illustrious persons, languished out +their miserable hours of captivity; especially the amiable and learned, +the good Jane Gray, who was shut up in it for five months. She fell a +victim to the jealousy of Mary. Her piety, magnanimity, and conscious +innocence, afforded her invincible fortitude in this trying hour, which, +even the sight of her husband’s body, reeking from the scaffold, did not +shake. + +{29} The summer of 1794 had been very dry, and a pitch-kettle, happening +to boil over at a wharf near Ratcliffe Cross, it set fire to a warehouse +containing many bags of saltpetre: this soon exploded, and the wind +blowing from the south, directed the flames towards Ratcliffe High +Street, which took fire on both sides, and more houses were consumed than +in any conflagration since the great fire in 1666. It was estimated that +upwards of four hundred families lost all their possessions, and many of +them lived in tents or booths for a considerable time after. + +{65} When in Palestine, Edward nearly escaped being murdered by an +assassin, from whom he received a wound in his arm, which was given by a +poisoned dagger. It is affirmed that he owed his life to the affection +of Eleanor, his wife, who was with him, and sucked the venom out of the +wound. + +{75} In the year 1813, one of the turn-cocks in Giltspur Street, found a +very unusual stoppage at the extremity of the Thames water-pipe there, +and on searching for the cause, to his great surprise found a live +salmon, which weighed about eight pounds. + + + + +***END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK CITY SCENES*** + + +******* This file should be named 38612-0.txt or 38612-0.zip ******* + + +This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: +http://www.gutenberg.org/dirs/3/8/6/1/38612 + + + +Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions +will be renamed. + +Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no +one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation +(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without +permission and without paying copyright royalties. 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