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+The Project Gutenberg eBook, City Scenes, by William Darton
+
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+
+
+
+Title: City Scenes
+       or a peep into London
+
+
+Author: William Darton
+
+
+
+Release Date: January 18, 2012  [eBook #38612]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: UTF-8
+
+
+***START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK CITY SCENES***
+
+
+Transcribed from the 1828 Harvey and Darton edition by David Price, email
+ccx074@pglaf.org
+
+                       [Picture: Decorative shield]
+
+
+
+
+
+                               CITY SCENES.
+                                   _OR_
+                              _A PEEP INTO_
+                                 LONDON.
+
+
+              [Picture: View of St. Paul’s from the Thames]
+
+                [Picture: Decorative pattern with swords]
+
+                                 _LONDON_
+                      _Published by Harvey & Darton_
+
+                           Gracechurch Street.
+                                 _1828_.
+
+
+
+
+INTRODUCTION.
+
+
+    COME, peep at London’s famous town,
+       Nor need you travel there;
+    But view the things of most renown,
+       Whilst sitting in your chair.
+
+    At home, an hundred miles away,
+       ’Tis easy now to look
+    At City Scenes, and London gay,
+       In this my little book.
+
+    Yes, there in quiet you may sit,
+       Beside the winter’s fire,
+    And see and hear as much of it,
+       As ever you desire.
+
+    Or underneath the oak so grey,
+       That stands upon the green,
+    May pass the summer’s eve away,
+       And view each City Scene.
+
+    There’s great St. Paul’s, so wondrous wide,
+       The Monument so tall,
+    And many curious things beside
+       The Giants in Guildhall.
+
+    The post-boy galloping away,
+       With letter-bag you’ll find:
+    The wharf, the ship, the lady gay,
+       The beggar lame and blind.
+
+    The boatman plying at his oar,
+       The gard’ner and his greens,
+    The knife-grinder, with many more
+       Of London’s City Scenes.
+
+
+
+
+CITY SCENES.
+
+
+1.  Countryman on a Stage Coach.
+
+
+                  [Picture: Countryman on a stage coach]
+
+HERE is Farmer Clodpole, who lives a hundred miles from London, coming to
+see it at last.     They have just reached the top of a hill, and catch a
+fine view of the city.
+
+“What! is that _Lunnun_, coachey?  Well, I’m glad to see it at last; for
+I, that’s only used to jog along a few miles in our cart, don’t much
+fancy this jumbling and jolting.  But what a smoke they are in, master
+coachman: I shall be glad enough to get back again, if I am always to be
+in such a _puther_.  Pray, what’s that there great round thing in the
+midst of the housen?  Oh! St. Paul’s: why that beats our parish church
+all to pieces.  Well, drive away, coachey, that I may see all the fine
+things; and nobody shall laugh at me any more, because I have not seen
+_Lunnun_.”
+
+
+
+2.  The Monument.
+
+
+                         [Picture: The Monument]
+
+There is the Monument: it is situated on the east side of Fish Street
+Hill, and is the highest column in the world.  It was erected in
+remembrance of the great fire of London, which broke out in _Pudding
+Lane_, very near Fish-Street Hill, destroying all the buildings from
+Tower Wharf in the east, to Temple church in the west; and from the north
+end of Mincing Lane, to the west end of Leadenhall Street; passing to
+Threadneedle Street, thence in a direct line to Holborn Bridge, and
+extending northward to Smithfield, when, after having burnt down thirteen
+thousand and two hundred houses, it terminated.
+
+At that time provisions were very cheap, and many people eat to the full;
+so that gluttony was alleged by some as the cause of the fire; it
+beginning, as they said, at _Pudding Lane_, and ending at _Pie Corner_,
+which was the case.
+
+The Monument is a very fine pillar, 202 feet high, having a staircase
+leading to the gallery, from which, on a clear day, beautiful views of
+the city and surrounding country may be seen.
+
+By the inscription on the Monument, the Roman Catholics are accused of
+“burning this Protestant city;” but Pope, the poet, was of a different
+opinion, for he says,
+
+    “London’s high column, pointing to the skies,
+    Like a tall bully, lifts its head and lies.”
+
+
+
+3.  Pie Corner,
+
+
+                          [Picture: Pie Corner]
+
+West Smithfield, where you see the white projecting house, as it was left
+after the fire of London, which took place at midnight, 2d September,
+1666, and burnt with unabated fury till the 10th of the same month.
+
+There is also, at the corner of the lane, against a public house called
+the Fortune of War, a figure of a boy carved in wood, on which was
+painted an inscription to commemorate the event, and also stating the
+calamity to have been a punishment on the city for the sin of gluttony;
+but this being since considered a vulgar error, is not painted on the new
+figure, which in other respects is exactly like the old figure first put
+up.
+
+
+
+4.  New London Bridge.
+
+
+                       [Picture: New London Bridge]
+
+The new London Bridge is built from a design of the late John Rennie,
+Esq. engineer; and the works are conducted under the direction of John
+and George Rennie, Esqrs.  It stands a short distance westward of the old
+bridge.  The first stone was laid by John Garratt, Esq. lord mayor, on
+the 15th of June, 1825.
+
+This bridge consists of five arches: the centre one is 150, those next to
+it 140 feet, the extreme arches 130 feet.  The roadway is nearly level,
+and the parapet is plain, with buttresses rising from the piers,
+
+
+
+5.  Billingsgate,
+
+
+                         [Picture: Billingsgate]
+
+The only fish-market in London, to which the fishing-smacks bring their
+cargoes.  Whoever goes to Billingsgate, at market-time, must expect to be
+pushed about and dirtied.  The crowd is generally very great, and the
+people very noisy, and some are quite abusive to strangers.
+
+    There goes a tall fish-woman sounding her cry,
+    “Who’ll buy my fine flounders, and oysters who’ll buy?”
+    Poor flounder, he heaves up his fin with a sigh,
+    And thinks that _he_ has most occasion to cry;
+    “Ah, neighbour,” says oyster, “indeed, so do I.”
+
+It is supposed that more money is taken at this place for shell-fish, in
+a year, than there is at Smithfield for butchers’ meat in the same
+period.  Within these few years, great quantities of salmon have been
+sent from Scotland to Billingsgate in summer-time, preserved in ice,
+which had been stored up in winter for that salutary purpose.  The ice,
+when taken from the fish, is sold to confectioners and pastry-cooks, for
+forming ice-creams in summer.
+
+
+
+6.  The Scavenger.
+
+
+                         [Picture: The Scavenger]
+
+I am glad to see this man, whose business it is to sweep up the mud and
+dirt from the streets, and collect it in a cart.  Surely, no part of
+London needs this work more than Thames Street and Billingsgate; for,
+even in a dry season, the narrowness of the streets, and great traffic of
+men and women, with fish in wet baskets, &c. keep the pavement constantly
+dirty.  When the cart is well laden, he empties it into some waste place
+in the outskirts of the town, or delivers it at some wharf by the
+water-side; and as it proves a very rich manure, he finds it a profitable
+and useful occupation.
+
+    “I’m very glad ’tis not my luck
+    To get my bread by carting muck;
+    I’m sure I never could be made
+    To work at such a dirty trade.”
+
+       “Hold, little master, not so fast,
+    Some proud folks get a fall at last;
+    And you, young gentleman, I say,
+    May be a scavenger, one day.
+    All sober folks, who seldom play,
+    But get their bread some honest way,
+    Though not to wealth or honours born,
+    Deserve respect instead of scorn.
+    Such rude contempt they merit less,
+    Than those who live in idleness;
+    Who are less useful, I’m afraid,
+    Than this black mud that’s in my spade.”
+
+
+
+7.  The Bellman.
+
+
+                          [Picture: The Bellman]
+
+Well, here is the Bellman and Crier, calling the attention of the people
+to a description of a child that has been lost.  The number of children
+who have at times been stolen from their homes, has caused great alarm to
+many parents.  It was not far from London Bridge that little Tommy Dellow
+was taken away, which caused the parish-officers to advertise a reward of
+one hundred guineas for his recovery; and the bills were the means of his
+being discovered at Gosport, in Hampshire.  It appeared that this little
+boy and his sister were enticed away by a decently dressed woman, who
+sent the girl home, but took the boy.  Having no children of her own, she
+contrived to take him to Gosport, and to present him to her husband, on
+his return from a long voyage at sea, as his own son.  The whole history
+of the distressing loss and happy recovery of little Thomas Dellow, has
+been published; and, in another account of him, {9} it is shortly
+described in verse.
+
+The little boy and girl, who stand hand in hand, before the man with the
+basket on his head, are the portraits drawn from the life of little
+Thomas Dellow and his sister.
+
+          “A sweet chubby fellow,
+          Named little Tom Dellow,
+    His mamma to a neighbour did send,
+          With a caution to stop
+          At a green-grocer’s shop,
+    While she went to visit a friend.
+
+          “The poor little soul,
+          Unused to control,
+    O’er the threshold just happen’d to stray,
+          When a sly cunning dame,
+          Mary Magnay by name,
+    Enticed the young truant away.
+
+          “At a pastry-cook’s shop
+          She made a short stop,
+    And gave him two buns and a tart,
+          And soon after that
+          She bought him a hat
+    And feather, that made him quite smart.
+
+          “Then a man they employ
+          To describe the sweet boy,
+    Whom they sought with such tender regard!
+          And soon you might meet
+          Bills in every street,
+    Which offer’d five guineas reward!
+
+          “They did not succeed
+          To discover the deed,
+    Tho’ much all who heard of it wonder’d,
+          Till at length they sent down
+          Large bills to each town,
+    And raised the reward to one hundred!
+
+The office of bellman was first instituted in 1556, for the purpose of
+going round the ward by night to ring his bell, and to exhort the
+inhabitants, with a loud voice, to take care of their fires and lights,
+to help the poor, and pray for the dead.  This custom, though once
+general, is used only at Christmas-time, when a copy of verses is
+repeated, instead of the admonition used in former days.
+
+
+
+8.  A Wharf
+
+
+                            [Picture: A wharf]
+
+Is a landing place by the side of a river, for the convenience of boats,
+barges, or ships.  At these wharfs many casks of fruit, plums, currants,
+figs, oranges, and lemons, are brought on shore, to be taken away in
+carts to grocers, fruiterers, and orange-merchants.  It is the business
+of a merchant to bring over these things for our use, and for which we
+are obliged to him.  The West and East India Docks receive now, most of
+the shipping used to and from those countries, and are considered more
+secure from robberies, than the open wharfs by the sides of the river
+Thames used to be.
+
+
+
+9.  The Coal-ship and Barge.
+
+
+                    [Picture: The coal-ship and barge]
+
+This is one of the ships called Newcastle Colliers, laden with coals from
+the mines in Northumberland.  These vessels are too large to come close
+to the wharfs to unload; so the coals are emptied into barges, (which are
+a kind of large, flat boats,) and carried in them to the different wharfs
+where they are to be landed.
+
+    Drawn up from the dreary mine,
+       See the black and shining coal;
+    Where the sun can never shine,
+       Through the deep and dismal hole.
+
+    There the sooty miners stay,
+       Digging at their work forlorn;
+    Or, to see the light of day,
+       In a swinging bucket drawn.
+
+    Then along the roaring tide,
+       Where the tempest bellow’d keen,
+    Did the laden vessel ride,
+       Toss’d among the waters green.
+
+    Wide were spread her canvass sails,
+       Tall and taper rose her mast:
+    Now, before the northern gales,
+       She has reach’d her port at last.
+
+
+
+10.  The Custom House.
+
+
+                       [Picture: The Custom House]
+
+Adjoining Billingsgate stands the New Custom House, which is the office
+where the duties are collected on goods exported or imported.  The
+building is situated in Lower Thames-street, fronting the river,
+occupying an immense space of ground.  The dimensions of it are upwards
+of 480 feet long, by 107 feet wide.  The first stone was laid on the 25th
+of October, 1813, being the 53d anniversary of king George the Third’s
+accession; and it was opened for public business on the 12th of May,
+1817.
+
+The long room is of extraordinary size, being 190 feet long, by 66 wide,
+and proportionably high.  This is the principal place for all foreign
+business.
+
+The former Custom House having been burnt down, precautions have been
+taken to prevent the recurrence of a similar accident in the new
+building; and fire-proof rooms are provided on each floor, where the
+books and papers are deposited every evening.
+
+
+
+11.  The Press-gang.
+
+
+                        [Picture: The Press-gang]
+
+From the Custom House it is but a few steps to Tower-hill.  Well, there
+is a view of it, and of the Tender, which is an old man-of-war, riding at
+anchor on the Thames, for the purpose of receiving impressed men for the
+king’s service.
+
+    Say, Mr. Lieutenant, before I surrender,
+    By what right you take me on board of your tender?
+    In the peaceable trader I rather would be,
+    And no man-of-war, Sir, I thank you, for me.
+
+
+
+12.  The Tower of London
+
+
+                      [Picture: The Tower of London]
+
+Is an ancient and irregular building, which arises from its having been
+erected and enlarged by different sovereigns, at distant periods of time.
+It was the palace of many of our monarchs, as well as a place of defence.
+William of Normandy, called the Conqueror, having no great reliance on
+the fidelity of his new subjects, built a fortress, (called the White
+Tower,) on part of the present scite of the Tower, to which the origin of
+this fabric may be attributed.  In 1092, William Rufus laid the
+foundation of a castle to the south, towards the river, which was
+finished by his successor.  Beneath this were two gates, one called
+_Traitor’s_ Gate, through which state-prisoners were conveyed to their
+prisons; the other entitled _Bloody_, which, too many who entered it,
+found it deserved; imprisonment in those dark ages, being mostly the
+certain passport to death. {14}  Charles the Second cleared the ditch,
+improved the wharfings, and introduced water by convenient sluices.  The
+whole underwent considerable repairs in the reign of George the Third.
+
+The principal entrance is by three gates on the west side.  The whole are
+guarded by soldiers; and when these gates are opened of a morning, the
+formalities of a garrison are observed, though the interior now resembles
+a town at peace, having streets, and a variety of buildings.  When the
+gates are shut at night, the Yeoman Porter, with a serjeant and six
+privates, goes to the governor’s house for the keys, and on the porter’s
+returning from the outer gate, he is challenged by the guard, drawn up
+under arms, with, “_Who comes there_?” to which he replies, “_The Keys_.”
+The guards answer, “_Pass Keys_,” and rest their firelocks.  The yeoman
+porter says, “_God save the King_!” and the ceremony closes with a
+general “_Amen_.”
+
+The Wardens, or Yeomen Porters of the Tower, wear a uniform, the same as
+the yeomen of the king’s guard at the palaces.  Their coats are of fine
+scarlet cloth, laced with gold round the edges and seams, with several
+rows of gold lace, and bound round the waist with a girdle of the same
+material.  Their form is uncommon, having full sleeves, and short, full
+skirts.  On their breasts and backs they wear the king’s silver badge of
+the rose, thistle, and shamrock, with the letters G. R.  Their heads are
+covered with round, flat-crowned caps, tied with bands of coloured
+ribbons.  The whole appearance forms an elegant livery, well adapted to
+royalty.
+
+
+
+13.  The Armory.
+
+
+                          [Picture: The Armory]
+
+The spoils of the Spanish Armada are still shown in the Tower.  There
+are, amongst them, several kinds of arms and instruments of cruelty,
+designed for torturing their English prisoners; and the following list of
+them will prove the barbarity of Spain at that period.
+
+                    THE SPOILS OF THE SPANISH ARMADA.
+
+1.  The pope’s banner, by him blessed and declared invincible.
+
+2.  A battle-axe for penetrating steel armour.
+
+3.  A spadole, used as a small sword, the point poisoned.
+
+4.  An anchove, for hooking men off their horses.
+
+5.  A lance.
+
+6.  A lance, with the current coin on the head.
+
+7.  A Spanish morning star: the points were poisoned, to keep people from
+boarding ships.
+
+8.  A lance, which the Spaniards vauntingly said was for bleeding the
+English.
+
+9.  A battle-axe with a pistol at the end.
+
+10.  A battle-axe.
+
+11.  A Spanish bilbo, to lock the English by the legs.
+
+12.  A thumb-screw, an instrument of torture.
+
+13.  A Spanish instrument of torture, called the cravat.
+
+14.  A Spanish shield with a pistol fixed in it.
+
+15.  A battle-axe, or scull-cracker, to make four holes at a blow.
+
+16.  The Spanish general’s shield of honour.
+
+17.  Spike-shot.
+
+18.  Bar-shot.
+
+                                * * * * *
+
+The figure of Queen Elizabeth in armour, forms a proper addition to the
+collection.  She stands in a spirited attitude, by a cream-coloured
+horse, attended by her page.  The axe that beheaded the unfortunate Ann
+Boleyn, wife of the cruel King Henry the Eighth, is also shown here.  The
+small armoury contains stands of arms for one hundred thousand men,
+tastefully arranged in a variety of figures.  The apartment is three
+hundred and forty-five feet in length, and is thought to exceed every
+thing of the kind in Europe.
+
+
+
+14.  The Horse Armory.
+
+
+                       [Picture: The Horse Armory]
+
+The Horse Armory is a large apartment, containing, amongst many
+curiosities, seventeen of the kings of England on horseback, in the suits
+of armour they had each worn.  Most of this armour is very rich, and
+beautifully ornamented.  The furniture of the horses is of velvet, laced
+with gold.
+
+There is a suit of armour belonging to John of Gaunt, Duke of Lancaster,
+which is seven feet high; and another made for Henry the Eighth, when
+sixteen years old, which is six feet in height.
+
+
+
+15.  The Wild Beasts in the Tower.
+
+
+                 [Picture: The Wild Beasts in the Tower]
+
+But no sight in the Tower is more interesting than the wild beasts:
+lions, tigers, leopards, bears, monkeys, &c.  As they are confined in
+cages, with iron gates before them, there is no danger, if people keep
+their distance; but some dreadful accidents have happened, by children
+going within reach of the paws of the lion, she bear, or tiger.
+
+    Don’t be frighten’d, young lady, to look at the lion,
+    You see he can’t spring through the grating of iron;
+    But if you were wand’ring, like poor Mungo Park,
+    In Africa’s forests, bewilder’d and dark;
+    And there, where no refuge or hut could be found,
+    Should hear his fierce roar thro’ the valleys around;
+    Or there, by the moonlight, astonish’d to stand,
+    And see his huge shadow glide by on the sand;
+    Oh, then you might tremble with terror, and fly
+    And hide ’mid the palm-tree till he had passed by:
+    An enemy fierce and all-powerful then,
+    But now a poor captive confined in his den.
+
+
+
+16.  The Jewel Office.
+
+
+This office is a strong stone room, in which are kept the crown, ball,
+and sceptre, used by the kings of England at their coronation, all richly
+set with jewels; besides other crowns and regal ornaments, and some
+pieces of curious old plate.  The crown worn by the king when he goes in
+state to the House of Lords, is enriched with an emerald seven inches
+round, with other gems of great value.  Great precautions are taken to
+secure the regalia, the whole being enclosed within a grate.  This was
+found needful in the days of Charles the Second, after a daring,
+unprincipled man, named _Blood_, had attempted to steal the crown and
+other royal ornaments.  Under the form of a clergyman, and pretended
+friendship to Mr. Edwards, who was keeper of the jewels, he introduced
+three of his companions, as wicked as himself, and having knocked down
+and gagged the unsuspecting old man, they concealed the crown and other
+valuables under their clothes, and were going off with their booty,
+leaving the keeper, as they supposed, dead, or stunned with their blows,
+on the floor; but he never lost his senses, and taking advantage of their
+security, forced out the gag, and calling for assistance, pursued the
+villains, and recovered the spoil!
+
+In our picture is seen
+
+Fig.
+
+1.  The imperial crown of Great Britain.
+
+2.  The golden sceptre with the cross.
+
+3.  The sceptre with the dove of peace.
+
+4.  St. Edward’s staff, carried before the king at his coronation.
+
+5.  The golden orb, which is put into the king’s right hand before he is
+crowned.
+
+6.  The king’s coronation ring.
+
+7.  The culanna, or pointless sword, being the sword of mercy.
+
+8 and 9.  The swords of justice, spiritual and temporal.
+
+
+
+17.  Rag Fair and Old Clothes.
+
+
+Not far from the Tower is Rosemary Lane, where Rag Fair is daily held.
+To describe the great variety there sold, would exceed all bounds; we
+would, however, advise every country customer who visits that place, to
+take particular care of his pockets, that the money depart not without
+his consent; and, if he takes change, to see well that the silver be
+good.  A word to the wise is sufficient.  But as many dealers in old
+clothes know that an industrious disposition is worth more than good
+opportunities without it; and as nothing is to be got by standing still,
+up old Levi gets early in the morning, and rambles about from street to
+street, and buys old clothes of those who have got new ones: or sometimes
+he gets a stock of hats and slippers, and then begins his walk again.
+So, as he wants his money more than he does his goods, he sells them to
+those who want the goods more than they want their money.  Thus both
+parties are accommodated.  This is the business of a trader; and his
+customers are as much obliged to him for letting them have his things, as
+he is to them for letting him have their money.
+
+
+
+18.  Ship-building.
+
+
+Now we have a distant view of a man-of-war (which is a great fighting
+ship) building at Deptford.  You may see, by the boats in the front, how
+large it must be; for the further off any thing is, the smaller it looks;
+and yet it seems larger at this distance, than the boats which are close
+by.  It is like a large floating house, with convenient apartments,
+sufficient to accommodate 800 people.  Numbers of men have been at work
+on it for several years; and hundreds of fine oaks, which have been from
+fifty to a hundred years in growing, have been cut down to build it with:
+besides all the iron from Sweden, for bolts and nails; and fir-trees from
+Norway, for planks and masts; and copper from Cornwall, to cover its
+bottom with, to preserve it from being rotted by the sea-water and from
+other injuries; and the pitch, tar, paint, glue, and I cannot tell how
+many other things, which must be used before it is fit to swim.  What a
+pity that all this expense and trouble should be wasted in contriving to
+kill our neighbours and destroy their property; when it might be employed
+to the advantage of both parties by promoting a friendly intercourse with
+each other.
+
+
+
+19.  Nosegays.
+
+
+                           [Picture: Nosegays]
+
+    Through many a long and winding lane,
+       My wand’ring feet have stray’d;
+    While yet the drops of early rain
+       Were sparkling on the blade.
+
+    Along the hedge I bent my way,
+       Where roses wild are seen;
+    Or cowslips peeping out so gay
+       Among the tangled green.
+
+    Or primrose, with its pucker’d leaf
+       And simple early bloom;
+    Or violet, hiding underneath
+       The hedge’s shady gloom.
+
+    With finger wet with morning dew,
+       And torn by many a spray,
+    My roses red, and violets blue,
+       I bound in posies gay.
+
+    Before the sun has risen high,
+       And all their colours fade,
+    Come, lady fair, my posies buy,
+       Of modest wild-flow’rs made.
+
+
+
+20.  The Water-cress Girl,
+
+
+    Lady, lady, buy, I pray,
+       Water-cresses fresh and young;
+    Many miles I’m forced to stray,
+       Lanes and meadows damp among.
+    Stooping at the crystal brook,
+       By the morning light I’m seen:
+    Lady, lady, pray you look;
+       Buy my water-cresses green.
+
+    ’Tis the honest truth I tell,
+       These were gather’d fresh to-day;
+    I have cause to know it well,
+       By the long and weary way.
+    On my arm, so tann’d and brown,
+       So my little basket hung;
+    As I travell’d back to town,
+       With my water-cresses young.
+
+    Hardly was a little bird
+       Stirring as I went along;
+    Not a waggon-wheel I heard,
+       Nor the ploughman’s cheery song.
+    Still upon the waters grey,
+       Mists of early morning hung;
+    Buy then, lady fair, I pray,
+       Buy my water-cresses young.
+
+
+
+21.  The Brewer’s Dray.
+
+
+                       [Picture: The Brewer’s Dray]
+
+    Here travels the brewer along with his dray,
+    And the horse seems as if he had something to say;
+    Now (tho’ between friends I am forced to confess
+    That I cannot quite _hear_ him) I think I can guess:
+    “Good master,” perhaps, “do not give such a smack;
+    For even a dray-horse can feel on his back;
+    And surely ’tis fair that my labour should earn,
+    At least civil treatment from you in return.”
+
+
+
+22.  The Twopenny-post Boy.
+
+
+                     [Picture: The Twopenny-post Boy]
+
+This is a most welcome lad to many a tradesman, when he brings good
+orders, with a Banknote, or bill to be regularly paid: also to every
+parent, child, or friend, who wishes to hear of the welfare of parties
+that live at a distance.
+
+    Quoth I to the Postman, good master, your nag,
+    By this time is tired by the weight of your bag;
+    You’ve set off from your office, and rode without stopping,
+    Till your poor panting steed is in danger of dropping.
+    Now, said he, if these letters were weigh’d by their sense,
+    ’Twere a chance if they rose o’er a couple of pence;
+    And if that could be managed, my beast would not mind,
+    If I carried them with me, or left them behind.
+
+
+
+23.  The Dancing Bear and Dogs.
+
+
+                   [Picture: The Dancing Bear and Dogs]
+
+I wish the bear had remained in Russia or Poland, rather than, after
+being brought from his native woods, to be thus tormented; for who can
+tell what misery he underwent in learning to move at the command of his
+keeper.  And as for the poor dogs, they must be very tired before their
+day’s work is ended.  I would rather find employment for the men, than
+give them money for punishing poor animals as they do!
+
+
+
+24.  The Camel and Monkey.
+
+
+                     [Picture: The Camel and Monkey]
+
+What a wonderful place is this said London!  Here are not only bears from
+the cold regions of Russia, Poland, and America, but also a camel from
+the hot sands of Arabia or the East Indies, walking in the streets!
+Behold the playful monkey on its head, and numbers of fearless boys upon
+its back.  In Turkey, Arabia, and Persia, the camel is a most useful
+creature, carrying very great weights of spices and merchandise, for a
+considerable number of miles, and for several days together, without any
+kind of sustenance.  They are said to have a particular property, in
+scenting out places in the sand where water is to be found.
+
+The milk of this animal is very nutritive, and, mixed with water, forms
+the principle beverage of the Arabians.  The flesh supplies them with
+food: that of the young is reckoned a delicacy.
+
+The camel feeds entirely on vegetables.  Not only pencils and brushes for
+painters, but some very neat and fine garments have been made with its
+hair.
+
+    In Arabian deserts bare,
+    I have toil’d with patient care,
+    While upon my crooked back
+    Hung the merchant’s precious pack,
+    Full of spices and of gold,
+    In the markets to be sold:
+    But it was my native clime,
+    And I liked it all the time.
+
+    Now a poor and weary hack,
+    With a monkey on my back,
+    Taught by many a knock and bruise,
+    I the gaping crowd amuse,
+    Through your city as I go,
+    Tired and dismal, for a show:
+    Oh! that I could see again
+    My native, sandy, barren plain!
+
+
+
+25.  The Royal Exchange.
+
+
+                      [Picture: The Royal Exchange]
+
+Here merchants meet from all parts of the world.  The traffic on the seas
+being very great, to and from every nation, in time of peace, it must
+afford great convenience to the ship-owners, ship-captains, and traders,
+to have one spot where they can meet to transact their business.  Sir
+Thomas Gresham, a merchant, laid the foundation in 1566, and Queen
+Elizabeth was so pleased with the building, that she dignified it with
+the title of _Royal Exchange_, by sound of trumpet.
+
+The inside of the Exchange affords a busy scene: Englishmen, Dutchmen,
+Frenchmen, Spaniards, Russians, Turks, Americans, and Jews.  How intent
+every one appears to be on business, and what a general buzz and din we
+hear: yet the figure of one individual stands very silently in the midst
+of all, I mean the statue of Charles the Second, on a pedestal.  In a few
+years, every one of these active merchants will be as motionless as this
+marble statue.  It may be of service to the busy Englishman, sprightly
+Frenchman, lazy Spaniard, plodding-Dutchman, rough Russian, proud Turk,
+and rich Jew, to reflect on this; and to endeavour, with all their
+gettings, to get understanding.
+
+
+
+26.  The Fire-engine.
+
+
+                        [Picture: The Fire-engine]
+
+We know of no place better supplied with engines for putting out fire,
+than London; and though fires are very frequent, they seldom do so much
+damage as formerly, when houses were built of wood, or without
+party-walls.
+
+An engine is a very clever contrivance: the pipes convey the water over
+the tops of the houses; and if an engine arrives in time, it frequently
+prevents the flames from spreading further. {29}
+
+
+
+27.  Drawing Goods in a Truck.
+
+
+                   [Picture: Drawing Goods in a Truck]
+
+Well done, my good boy! and well done, my good dog!  Why the dog works as
+hard as the boy, and seems to do it with quite as much ease.
+
+    In drawing that truck, boy, you now feel a part
+    Of what ev’ry horse feels, when drawing a cart.
+
+Come, my lad, haste away, to make room for a fine coach, full of gay
+people, coming to the East India House.
+
+
+
+28.  The East India House.
+
+
+The East India Company is one of the most powerful and wealthy
+associations in Europe; and their house in Leadenhall Street is a very
+elegant building.  The Company was originally formed by Queen Elizabeth,
+in 1600, principally for the purpose of procuring spices at a cheap rate,
+which were advanced in price by the Dutch.  From traders they became
+conquerors of the natives, and having obtained a footing in the country,
+usurped the sovereignty over considerable districts; and war, with
+oppression, have too often befallen the harmless natives.  The India
+ships bring home tea, coffee, silks both raw and manufactured, cottons,
+muslins, calicoes, drugs, China-ware, rice, sago, saltpetre, pepper,
+indigo, &c &c.
+
+
+
+29.  London Stone.
+
+
+                         [Picture: London Stone]
+
+This is to be seen in Cannon Street, against the wall of St. Swithin’s
+church, where it has long been preserved.  It is now cased with
+stone-work, and guarded by an iron bar and spikes, but still remains open
+to view.  It has been supposed to be a standard, from which the Romans,
+when in England, computed their miles.  Proclamations were formerly
+delivered from this stone to the people.
+
+
+
+30.  Guildhall.
+
+
+                         [Picture: The Guildhall]
+
+This is the place where the public business of the corporation of London
+is transacted; and where the judges sit to hear and determine causes.  In
+this hall the Court of Aldermen and Common Council have a very handsome
+chamber, or court-room, which is ornamented with a capital collection of
+paintings, presented to the City of London by the late worthy Alderman
+Boydell, who greatly promoted the arts.  The fine painting by Mr. Copley,
+representing the siege of Gibraltar by the Spanish flotilla, and likewise
+an elegant marble statue of George III. our late venerable monarch, are
+well worth seeing by every admirer of the arts of painting and statuary.
+
+Nearly opposite to the entrance of this fine building, and on each side
+of the clock, formerly stood two gigantic statues, commonly called Gog
+and Magog, supposed to be the figures of a Briton and a Saxon; but they
+are now removed to the west end of the hall, as they are seen in the
+picture, No. 31.
+
+Two modern painted windows complete the decorations of this venerable
+building; the one representing the royal arms, the other those of the
+city of London.
+
+
+
+32.  The Mansion House,
+
+
+                       [Picture: The Mansion House]
+
+Well, here are the Lord Mayor’s coach and six horses, standing opposite
+the Mansion House, which is the place of residence for every chief
+magistrate during his mayoralty.  It is a stone building of magnificence,
+but appears the more heavy and gloomy from its confined situation.
+
+
+
+33.  The Bank of England.
+
+
+                      [Picture: The Bank of England]
+
+Not far from the Mansion House stands the Bank of England.  This building
+fills a space enclosed by the four streets, Bartholomew Lane, Lothbury,
+Prince’s Street, and Bank Buildings.  It is truly interesting to behold
+the busy scene that daily passes in the rotunda, amongst the buyers and
+sellers of stock, or those who are engaged in transferring it, all so
+eagerly occupied with their affairs, and showing their anxiety by their
+countenances.  Where money is, there the crowd will be; and persons who
+go to the Bank should be careful lest their pockets be picked of such
+money as they may have received.
+
+
+
+34.  St. Paul’s Cathedral.
+
+
+                     [Picture: St. Paul’s Cathedral]
+
+This is a wonderfully fine building! and the countryman’s amazement on
+first seeing it, is very naturally expressed in the following lines:
+
+    Of all the brave churches I ever did see,
+    Sure this seems the greatest and grandest to me!
+    What a wonderful place!  I am full of surprise,
+    And hardly know how to believe my own eyes.
+    Why sure that gold cross at the top is so high,
+    That it must, now and then, prick a hole in the sky;
+    And, for my part, I should not be much in amaze,
+    If the moon should run foul of it, one of these days.
+
+It is not only the outside of this fine building that commands attention,
+but the inside also.  The whispering gallery, the great bell, the
+library, and so many other curiosities are to be seen, that even to name
+the whole would require more space than we can afford in our little work.
+
+A young country gentleman, who was never before on any thing higher than
+a haystack, has now reached the top of St. Paul’s, and is admiring the
+prospect from the iron gallery.
+
+    Well, certainly, this is a wonderful sight;
+    And pays one for climbing up here such a height.
+    Dear, what a large city! and full, in all parts,
+    Of churches and houses, of horses and carts.
+    What hundreds of coaches, and thousands of folk!
+    And then, _above all_, what a very thick smoke!
+    I could stand here all _day_ to behold this fine town;
+    Tho’, as night’s coming on, I had better go down.
+
+I think so too, young gentleman: and mind how you go along the dark
+staircase, for it would be a sad thing to fall down among that frightful
+scaffolding.  Walk gently, and lay hold of the rail as you go along, and
+you will be safe enough.
+
+
+
+35.  The Blue-coat School, called Christ’s Hospital.
+
+
+                     [Picture: The Blue-coat School]
+
+There are nearly one thousand children educated here at a time.  The boys
+continue to wear the dress worn in the days of the virtuous and youthful
+prince, Edward the Sixth, who founded this school for orphans and other
+poor children.
+
+Their singular dress consists of a coat of blue cloth, formed something
+similar to a woman’s gown; and in winter they wear a yellow woollen
+petticoat.  Their stockings are of yellow worsted, and round their waist
+they buckle a red-leather girdle.  They are also furnished with a round,
+flat woollen cap, about the size of a tea-saucer, which they generally
+carry under their arm.  A pewter badge on their breast, and a clergyman’s
+band round their neck, complete their antique uniform.
+
+
+
+36.  The enraged Ox.
+
+
+                        [Picture: The enraged Ox]
+
+This is what might have been expected, my lad!  You have been teasing and
+worrying that animal, till it is become quite furious, and now you must
+take the consequence.  It was as tame and quiet as any ox in Smithfield,
+till you began to pull it by the tail, and beat it about the horns; and
+now, (as oxen do not know they ought not to be revengeful,) you cannot be
+surprised if it should give you a toss or two.  Cruel folks are always
+cowardly, and it is no wonder to see you running away in such a dreadful
+fright.
+
+
+
+37.  The Dustman.
+
+
+                          [Picture: The Dustman]
+
+    Bring out your dust, the dustman cries,
+       Whilst ringing of his bell:
+    If the wind blows, pray guard your eyes,
+       To keep them clear and well.
+
+A very useful set of men are these: they remove the dust and dirt from
+the houses in the city.  It is a very profitable business; for, by
+sifting and sorting what is taken away, every thing becomes useful.
+There are frequently found cinders for firing, ashes and breeze for
+brickmakers: bones and old rags, tin and old iron, are carefully
+separated from oyster-shells and stones, which have their several
+purchasers.
+
+    My masters, I’m dirty, nor can I be clean;
+       My bus’ness it would ill become,
+    With my face and hands clean in the streets to be seen,
+       While I carry my shovel and broom.
+
+
+
+38.  The taking of Guy Fawkes.
+
+
+                   [Picture: The taking of Guy Fawkes]
+
+In one of the print-shops of London may be seen a representation of the
+taking of Guy Fawkes, in the reign of King James the First.  In the year
+1605, the plot to destroy the king and parliament was discovered, owing
+to an anonymous letter sent to Lord Monteagle.  In a cellar under the
+parliament-house, there were found thirty-six barrels of gunpowder; upon
+which were laid bars of iron, massy stones, faggots, &c.  Near these Guy
+Fawkes was concealed, with a dark lantern and three matches.  He
+instantly confessed his guilt; and, with Sir Everard Digby, Catesby, and
+several others, was executed.
+
+
+
+39.  Guy Fawkes in Effigy.
+
+
+                     [Picture: Guy Fawkes in Effigy]
+
+    Who comes riding hither, as black as a coal,
+       With matches and old tinder-box,
+    And holding his lantern, a figure so droll?
+       ’Tis nobody less than Guy Fawkes!
+
+Every parish in England formerly used to have its _Pope_ or _Guy_ carried
+about by idle men and boys on the 5th of November, who usually went from
+house to house, begging for money to make a bonfire and a feast.  In many
+of the villages near London, there used to be two or more parties of
+large boys from different parts of the parish; and it frequently
+happened, that when one of them thought the other had encroached, by
+visiting such houses for money as were deemed out of their bounds, that
+battles were fought between them.  Many were lamed in these affrays, and
+the treasurer to the weakest party has often been plundered of such money
+as had been collected.
+
+The people of England in general, of late years, have discouraged these
+processions and riots, and they have become so insignificant, as to be
+noticed only by children.  But even in the present time, some idle people
+will fire guns, and throw squibs into the streets, which have caused many
+serious accidents; and here seems some poor creature going to
+
+
+
+40.  Bartholomew’s Hospital,
+
+
+                    [Picture: Bartholomew’s Hospital]
+
+Which is in West Smithfield, and where all persons accidentally injured,
+are admitted at any hour of the day or night, and carefully attended by
+skilful surgeons, and proper nurses.  This hospital has long remained a
+monument of the piety of its founder, — Rahere, who was minstrel, or
+jester, to King Henry the First.  Grown weary of the gay offices of his
+station, he reformed, founded a priory, and established this hospital for
+the sick and maimed.  It was granted by King Henry the Eighth, on certain
+conditions, to the City of London, in the last year of his reign, for the
+same purposes as those of its original foundation.  The present building
+was erected in the reign of George the Second, in 1730.
+
+
+
+41.  Smithfield Market
+
+
+                       [Picture: Smithfield Market]
+
+Is in a large, open, square place, called West Smithfield; where is held,
+for three days in the week, a market for hay and straw; and the other
+three days for horses and cattle of all kinds, which make the place very
+dirty and inelegant in its appearance.  Various have been the purposes,
+at different periods, to which this place has been applied, it having
+been equally devoted to festive joy, and extreme misery.  Here, in the
+days of chivalry, the court and nobility held their gallant tilts and
+tournaments, with a magnificent parade, characteristic of the age.  On
+the same spot, for a series of years, have been enjoyed by the lowest
+vulgar, the buffoonery humours of Bartholomew Fair, which was first
+granted by Henry the Second, to a neighbouring priory, as a mart for
+selling the commodities of the drapers of London, and clothiers of
+England.  As other channels for the disposing of drapery goods arose,
+this fair, from a resort of business, became a meeting of pleasure.  It
+continues three days, to the great annoyance of real trade and decorum;
+and a court of _pie-powder_ is held daily, to settle the disputes of the
+people who frequent it.  On the other hand, in ancient times, it was the
+common place of execution for criminals.  In the centre of the place now
+enclosed with rails, many martyrs were burned at the stake, for their
+adherence to the reformed religion; and, lastly, it was the field of
+combat, when the guilt of the accused was attempted to be decided by
+duel.
+
+There has been of late years, a show of fat cattle annually at
+Smithfield, and the feeders of the best kinds have been rewarded with
+money, or a piece of valuable plate, which has greatly contributed to
+encourage the improvement of various breeds of sheep and cattle.
+
+
+
+42.  St. Dunstan’s Church.
+
+
+                     [Picture: St. Dunstan’s Church]
+
+This is in Fleet Street, and had a very narrow escape from the great fire
+of 1666, which stopped within three houses of it.  There are two savage
+figures on the outside of the clock, that strike the quarters with their
+clubs, with which children and strangers are much amused.  Dunstan,
+before he was made a saint, was well skilled in many arts: he was a good
+engraver and worker in brass and iron.  He was supposed to be the
+inventor of the _Eolian Harp_, whose soft notes are produced by a current
+of air causing the wires to vibrate.  This was not comprehended by the
+vulgar; so, from being wiser than his neighbours, he was deemed a
+conjuror by them.
+
+
+
+43.  The Postman and Letter-Carrier.
+
+
+                [Picture: The Postman and Letter-Carrier]
+
+Make haste, my good lad, or the postman may be gone.  These
+letter-carriers begin to ring a bell about five o’clock every evening,
+and collect letters and newspapers in the several parts of the town, so
+as to be able to get to the General Post Office in time for sorting them
+for the mail-coaches.
+
+The gentleman’s servant with the letter, seems to be sent from some
+lawyer in the Temple, as there is a view of the gardens and fountain.
+
+
+
+44.  The Temple
+
+
+Is a place of residence for students of the common law, divided into two
+societies, called the Inner and the Middle Temple, which, with the other
+law-associations, are called Inns of Court.  The buildings of the Temple
+are ample and numerous, with pleasant gardens extending to the shores of
+the Thames, which prove agreeable retreats to young persons who have been
+engaged in study.
+
+
+
+45.  The Knife-grinder.
+
+
+                       [Picture: The Knife-grinder]
+
+This man seems to be very busy, and it is but reasonable to suppose that
+he may meet with many employers amongst the students of the law, and the
+law-stationers, in and about the Temple: for as they use many pens, a
+sharp knife must be quite needful for mending them.  But I think he does
+not confine himself to grinding knives only, but when wanting a job, he
+cries, “Knives to grind!  Scissors to grind!  Razors to grind!”
+
+Well! who would believe it? why, that is lazy Tom, turned knife-grinder
+at last!
+
+“Ay, master, and I never was so happy in my life.  I thought, like a
+foolish old fellow, that a beggar’s life must at least be an easy one;
+but at last I found out, that, though I had nothing to do, I often had
+nothing to eat.  So, one day, I thought to myself, thinks I, ‘I’ve a vast
+mind to bestir myself, and work for my living, for after all this idling,
+I don’t see that I am much of a gentleman for it.’  So I bought this
+grinding barrow, and began business for myself; and now I earn a
+comfortable living, and am as happy as the day is long:
+
+    “And so every body who tries it, will find:
+    I wish you good morning, Sir—Scissors to grind!”
+
+
+
+46.  The Chair-mender.
+
+
+                       [Picture: The Chair-mender]
+
+    Old chairs to mend! old chairs to mend!
+    If I’d as much money as I could spend,
+    I’d leave off crying, old chairs to mend!
+
+Perhaps so, but then you might not be more healthy, useful, or happy,
+than at present.  Exercise and sobriety contribute to health, and
+industry produces the means of procuring wealth sufficient to live in a
+comfortable manner.  A chair-bottomer is a very useful man: he
+contributes to the ease and comfort of many of his employers; yet, one
+cannot help asking, Has every chair which wants a new bottom, been worn
+out fairly?  What! have no little boys, or great girls, been standing up
+in them? or drawing them up and down the house and yard, to wear out the
+rushes?
+
+During the war with Holland, rushes for bottoming chairs were very scarce
+and dear, so that the poor men in that line of business found a great
+difficulty to obtain materials and employment.
+
+This man, although he appears poor, yet he occupies the highest situation
+in the city of London, having taken his seat in Panyer Alley, leading
+from Newgate Street to Paternoster Row; where a stone is placed, in the
+wall of one of the houses, with the following inscription in old English
+verse:
+
+                              WHEN Y HAVE SOVGHT
+                               THE CITTY ROVND,
+                               YET STILL THS IS
+                              THE HIGHST GROVND.
+                                AVGVST THE 27,
+                                    1688.
+
+
+
+47.  The News Boy and Flying Pieman.
+
+
+                [Picture: The News Boy and Flying Pieman]
+
+“Great News!  Great News!”  “All Hot!  Smoking Hot!”  These are two busy
+men, indeed; one cries food for the mind, and the other food for the
+body.  Neither of these tradesmen keep long in one place.  The news-boy
+would be very glad to have a hot plumcake, but he has not time to eat it;
+nor will the pieman wait to hear what the news is.  So that they are not
+only _busy men_, but what is very different, _men of business_.  They are
+passing by _The Obelisk_, in Fleet Street, built by the City of London,
+on the spot which was once the centre of Fleet Ditch, which flowed as
+high as Holborn Bridge, under that part which Fleet Market is now built
+upon.
+
+
+
+48.  Blackfriars’ Bridge.
+
+
+                      [Picture: Blackfriars’ Bridge]
+
+Here we have a view of Blackfriars’ Bridge, and, from the great bustle
+there is upon the river, there seems to be a rowing match among several
+watermen.  This bridge is a noble structure, consisting of nine arches,
+the centre one being one hundred feet wide.  Over each pier is a recess,
+with seats for passengers on the bridge, supported by two beautiful Ionic
+pillars, which stand on a semi-circular projection, rising above
+high-water mark; and the whole appears an admirable piece of workmanship,
+upon the water.  This bridge was begun in the year 1760, from a design of
+Robert Mylne, Esq. the architect, and finished in about eight years, at
+the expence of rather more than one hundred and fifty thousand pounds.
+
+Blackfriars’ Bridge is a very pleasant place for a walk, especially on a
+fine summer’s evening, when the air is still and serene, and the light
+pleasure-boats are gliding up and down the river with their gay
+companies.
+
+It is a beautiful sight to see the sun setting from this place: it shines
+upon the great dome of St. Paul’s, in all its glory, and makes it look as
+if it were made of gold.  The watermen are always waiting about the
+bridges, and keep a brisk cry of Boat! boat, who wants a boat?  Oars,
+Sir! sculler, Sir!
+
+
+
+49.  Temple Bar.
+
+
+                          [Picture: Temple Bar]
+
+Temple Bar is a noble gateway of stone, with a large arch in the centre
+for carriages, and a covered path on each side for foot-passengers.  It
+is now the only gate standing, except St. John’s Gate, Smithfield, out of
+the many formerly used at the several principal entries into the city.
+On some public occasions, as, when the king or any of the royal family
+come into the city, or on a proclamation of peace, this gate is shut and
+opened with great formality.  On the latter occasion, the gates of Temple
+Bar are shut, to show that the jurisdiction of the city is under the Lord
+Mayor.  The knight-marshal, with his officers, having reached this
+barrier of city authority, the trumpets are sounded thrice; and the
+junior officer of arms riding up to the gate, knocks with a cane.  The
+city marshal within demands, “Who comes there?”  The herald replies, “The
+officers of arms, who ask entrance into the city, to publish his
+majesty’s proclamation of peace.”  On this the gates are opened, and he
+alone is admitted; when, being conducted to the Lord Mayor, he shows the
+royal warrant, which his lordship having read and returned, he orders the
+city marshal to open the gates.  This being done, the heralds resume
+their places; and the procession, joined by the city magistrates,
+proceeds to the Royal Exchange, where the proclamation is read.
+
+The very great improvements already made from Temple Bar towards St.
+James’s, have cost so considerable a sum of money, that the destruction
+of this gate, or bar, has been delayed much longer than was expected.
+The upper part of it was used of late years as an office for publishing
+the Star newspaper.
+
+Shortly after the rebellion of 1745, the heads of three rebel noblemen
+were fixed on three poles, on the top of the gate, where they remained
+till they decayed, or were blown down by a high wind.
+
+
+
+50.  The Paviors.
+
+
+                          [Picture: The Paviors]
+
+When we see a rope, with a wisp of straw tied to it, across the street,
+no carriage should attempt to pass, for that is the pavior’s signal that
+the road is stopped, by their being at work on the stones.  And hard work
+it seems to be, to use the heavy rammer.
+
+    “Does not each walker know the warning sign,
+    When wisps of straw depend upon the twine
+    Cross the close street, that then the pavior’s art
+    Renews the way, denied to coach or cart?
+    For thee the sturdy pavior thumps the ground,
+    Whilst every stroke his labouring lungs resound.”
+
+The stones for paving London are mostly brought from the quarries of
+Scotland, by ships; and very few towns or cities in Europe are better
+paved than the City of London.  Indeed, every year seems to add
+improvements, for the health and comfort of the inhabitants.
+
+The country farmer, who has been used to nothing but ploughed fields, and
+uneven, rutted lanes, or, at best, to the rough gravel of a cross-country
+road, would be surprised to see the streets of London paved as neatly as
+Farmer Furrowdale’s kitchen, and the lamps lighted as regularly every
+evening, as that in the great hall at the ’squires.  And now, by the
+introduction of gas, the principal streets are very brilliantly
+illuminated, without the aid of tallow, oil, or cotton.
+
+
+
+51.  Westminster Abbey.
+
+
+                       [Picture: Westminster Abbey]
+
+There seems to be one more great person removed from this life, and going
+in a hearse with six horses, to his last home.  Westminster Abbey is a
+fine Gothic pile, and was founded by _Sebert_, king of the East Saxons,
+but at what time is uncertain.  In this place the kings and queens of
+England have been crowned, ever since the days of Pope Nicholas the
+Second, who appointed it for their inauguration.  The coronation chairs
+are kept here, and the seat of the most ancient one is the stone on which
+the kings of Scotland used to be crowned, brought to Westminster by
+Edward the First.
+
+The great number of monuments, and other curiosities of this venerable
+building, with the variety of pavements and chapels, are well worthy of a
+visit from every enquiring stranger; but the insertion of a full
+description here, would be more than can be expected.
+
+
+
+52.  The Tombs.
+
+
+                           [Picture: The Tombs]
+
+There is a Westminster scholar, and he appears to be explaining the
+particulars of some Latin inscription, to his mother and sister, who have
+called to see him.  Methinks I hear the lady say, “See, my dear children,
+what the richest and greatest come to at last.  Rich and poor, high and
+low, must all be laid in the grave; and though this noble monument
+appears very grand to the living, it makes no difference to ‘the poor
+inhabitant below,’ whether he lies beneath a beautiful pile of white
+marble, or has only a few green osiers bound over his grave.”
+
+
+
+53.  Westminster Bridge
+
+
+                      [Picture: Westminster Bridge]
+
+Is admired both for the grandeur and simplicity which are united in its
+several parts.  Henry, Earl of Pembroke, promoted the erection of this
+bridge, and laid the first stone, in the beginning of the year 1739.  It
+has thirteen arches, exclusive of a very small one at each end.  The
+foundation is laid on a solid bed of gravel, and the piers are solid
+blocks of Portland stone, uniting strength with neatness.  It was eight
+years and three quarters in completing, and cost £389,500 being more than
+double the cost of Blackfriars’.  Westminster Bridge was opened for
+carriages about midnight, by a procession of gentlemen, the chief
+artificers, and a multitude of spectators.  The architect was not a
+native of this country: his name was Labelye.
+
+Not far from the bridge, in old Palace Yard, stands Westminster Hall.
+
+
+
+54.  Westminster Hall
+
+
+                       [Picture: Westminster Hall]
+
+Is thought to be the largest room in Europe unsupported by pillars, being
+two hundred and seventy feet in length, and seventy-four in breadth.  The
+roof is of curious workmanship in oak, and reminds the beholders of a
+grove of trees, whose top branches extend toward each other till they
+unite.  A great feast was held in this vast apartment, and other rooms of
+the palace, in the days of King Richard the Second, who is said to have
+entertained ten thousand guests, with his usual hospitality.
+
+This hall was the court of justice in which the sovereign presided in
+person.  Hence the Court of King’s Bench took its name.  Charles the
+First was tried here, and condemned to suffer death by his own subjects.
+The trial of peers, or of any person impeached by the Commons, has been
+usually held here; and the coronation feasts have been celebrated therein
+for many ages.
+
+The ground on which the hall stands is so near to the water, that on
+several high tides the Thames has overflowed the hall, the courts of
+justice have been broken up prematurely, and the people conveyed away in
+boats.
+
+
+
+55.  The Lamplighter.
+
+
+                        [Picture: The Lamplighter]
+
+Perhaps the streets of no city in the world are so well lighted as those
+of London, there being lamps on each side of the way, but a few yards
+distant from each other.  It is said that a foreign ambassador happening
+to enter London in the evening, after the lamps were lighted, was so
+struck with the brilliancy of the scene, that he imagined the streets had
+been illuminated expressly in honour of his arrival.  What would he have
+thought, had he passed through the lustre which is shed at present by the
+gas lights, from so many of our shops, and from the lamps in the streets?
+The Lamplighters are a useful set of men; and they are liable to many
+accidents while engaged in their dangerous occupation.  In the winter,
+the foot-pavement is frequently so slippery, that they often fall and are
+maimed, by the ladder’s sliding from under them; or sometimes a careless
+passenger runs against the ladder and throws them down.  But one of their
+greatest difficulties is a high wind.  In October, 1812, a poor man,
+named Burke, who had been many years in that employment, as he was
+lighting the lamps on the east side of Blackfriars’ Bridge, was, by a
+sudden gust of wind, blown into the river, in presence of his son, a
+child of ten years old, and before assistance could be procured, he sunk
+to rise no more.
+
+
+
+56.  The Watchman.
+
+
+                         [Picture: The Watchman]
+
+This man has a comfortable great coat, a lantern, and a rattle, with a
+large stick to attack thieves.  I suppose my readers would think it very
+wrong of him to sleep, and suffer thieves to do as they please; and so it
+would.  But I hope no one will blame the watchman, and do as bad himself;
+for I have known some little folks, who have had books and teachers, and
+good advice also, that have not made use of any of them.  Indeed,
+sometimes when their teachers were looking at them, they would appear to
+be very busy and attentive for a little while; but when no one watched
+them, they would do as little as a watchman when he takes a nap.
+
+
+
+57.  The Link-boy.
+
+
+                         [Picture: The Link-boy]
+
+The Link-boys are often on the watch, with their large torches, at dark
+crossings and lanes, to light passengers through them.  They deserve the
+reward of a few halfpence, from those whom they assist.
+
+
+
+58.  The Sedan Chair.
+
+
+                        [Picture: The Sedan Chair]
+
+This mode of riding is now but seldom seen, though formerly it was
+frequently in use.  Now, Sedan Chairs are used only by the sick and
+weakly, or by the nobility and others, who attend at the levees at court.
+As for us poor authors, we must adopt the plan of riding when we must,
+and walking while we can.
+
+
+
+59.  The Milkmaid.
+
+
+                         [Picture: The milkmaid]
+
+If any of my little readers wish to be as healthy and merry as Betty the
+milkmaid, they must work hard, and rise early in the morning, instead of
+lying in bed while every body else is about his business, and idling
+their time till they go to bed again.  Betty is obliged to get up as soon
+as it is light, and then takes a walk into the fields to fetch her cows.
+When she has milked their full udders into her clean pails, she sets off
+again, and carries it from door to door, time enough for her customers to
+have it for breakfast.  As every one knows the business of a milkmaid, I
+shall say no more about it; but advise those to remember her example, who
+wish to make themselves happy or useful.
+
+
+
+60.  The Sailors and Ship.
+
+
+                     [Picture: The Sailors and Ship]
+
+Tom Hazard was an unthinking boy, and would not settle to any business at
+home, and so ventured one day in a frolic to go on the water with a party
+of young folks; and, as Tom staid out late at night, he was met on coming
+ashore by a press-gang, who took him on board a man-of-war, from which,
+after some time, he made his escape, and entered on board the _Desperate_
+Privateer, hazarding his life for a golden chain, or a broken limb.  And
+now, poor fellow, when it is too late, he sorely laments his situation,
+for, having lost a leg, he wanders with some of his companions, and joins
+in their mournful ditty.
+
+    We poor sailors, lame and blind,
+       Now your charity would sue;
+    Treat us not with words unkind,
+       But a spark of pity shew.
+
+    Where the stormy billows roar,
+       Many a year we plough’d the main:
+    Far, to east or western shore,
+       Luxuries for you to gain.
+
+    Far from friends and houses warm,
+       (Comforts such as you can boast,)
+    We have braved the howling storm,
+       Shipwreck’d on a desert coast.
+
+    Many a hardship have we known;
+       Round and round the world we’ve past;
+    Now, our limbs and eye-sight gone,
+       Come to beggary at last!
+
+
+
+61.  The Admiralty Office.
+
+
+                     [Picture: The Admiralty Office]
+
+This is in that part of the street between Charing Cross and Parliament
+Street which is called White Hall, Westminster, having capacious
+apartments for the Lords Commissioners of the Admiralty, who direct the
+affairs of the navy.  The telegraph receives information, and gives
+instructions, in fair weather, to the various commanders of ships at the
+different sea-ports.  This invention was first practised with success in
+France, and is admirably contrived to convey intelligence in a very
+expeditious manner.
+
+
+
+62.  The Sailing Match.
+
+
+                       [Picture: The Sailing Match]
+
+Take care, my lads, not to crowd too much sail, or the boat may upset!
+There they go! from Blackfriars’ Bridge, through Westminster Bridge, to
+Vauxhall, and back again.  What a number of boats there are on the water!
+Let us hope no lives will be lost, for it seems rather dangerous to be
+near such fast-sailing boats in a loaded wherry; and, as it is much the
+safest to be on shore, we would recommend every little boy or girl to
+keep off the water at such times.
+
+
+
+63.  The drowned Boy.
+
+
+                        [Picture: The downed boy]
+
+Ah, silly lad! he would go out of his depth, though he knew he was not a
+skilful swimmer; and see what has been the consequence!  He was seized
+with the cramp, when he had been a few minutes in the water, and began to
+sink directly.  His brave companion jumped in after him, at the risk of
+his own life, and has brought him back, quite senseless, to the boat.
+How distressed his poor brother looks! and how anxious to see whether
+there is any life left in him.
+
+There is a society in London, of which Dr. Hawes and Dr. Lettsom were the
+founders, for the purpose of recommending the best means to be used for
+recovering drowned persons.  It is called the Humane Society.  They have
+houses placed at proper distances by the river-side, where assistance may
+be had instantly; and every possible means are tried for many hours,
+before they give any one quite over.  Numbers have been restored to life
+by this benevolent institution; and there is a sermon preached once a
+year, before the Society, when many who have been brought to life by this
+means are present: it is a very affecting spectacle.
+
+Let us hope they will take this poor boy to one of these places, and
+perhaps he may yet be restored to his family.
+
+
+
+64.  The General Post-office,
+
+
+                    [Picture: The General Post-office]
+
+In St. Martin’s le Grand.  The front of this fine building is 380 feet
+long, and is ornamented with three Ionic porticos.  The post-office is
+one of the most busy spots in London, and is the most perfect system of
+commercial convenience which has ever been formed under any government.
+It receives letters from all parts of our own country, as well as from
+every civilized nation in the world, and forwards them to their
+destination with the utmost regularity.
+
+In front of the central portico, I see, there is one of the mail-coaches
+for the conveyance of letters.  These coaches travel at the rate of eight
+miles an hour, including stoppages: they carry also passengers and
+parcels.
+
+
+
+65.  Southwark Bridge.
+
+
+                       [Picture: Southwark Bridge]
+
+This grand fabric was constructed of cast-iron, under the direction of
+John Rennie, Esq.  It consists of three immense arches.  The centre arch
+spans 240 feet, and the two others 210 feet each.  The weight of iron is
+more than 5308 tons.  The abutments are of stone.  The bridge forms a
+communication from the bottom of Queen Street, to Bankside, Southwark.
+It was begun in September, 1814, and was completed, and opened for public
+use, in March, 1819.  The entire expense incurred by the building of this
+bridge was £80,000.
+
+
+
+66.  Waterloo Bridge
+
+
+                        [Picture: Waterloo Bridge]
+
+Is built of a very hard kind of stone called granite.  This bridge was
+commenced in 1811, and completed in 1817.  The road-way of the bridge is
+level, which is very favourable to the draught of carriages.  It has nine
+fine arches, 120 feet span.  The piers are twenty feet thick, ornamented
+with Tuscan columns.  This building was constructed under the
+superintendence of the late John Rennie, Esq.  The opening of this bridge
+to the public was conducted with unusual grandeur, on the 18th of June,
+1817; being the anniversary of the battle of Waterloo, his late Majesty,
+then Prince Regent, and the Duke of Wellington, with grand military
+cavalcade, attending.
+
+Near the foot of Waterloo Bridge, in the Strand, stands
+
+
+
+67.  The Royal Academy, Somerset House.
+
+
+                       [Picture: The Royal Academy]
+
+This academy of fine arts was established by royal charter in 1768.  The
+academy consists of forty academicians, twenty associates, and six
+associate engravers.  Sir Joshua Reynolds was the first president.  They
+make a grand annual exhibition of paintings, sculptures, &c. which
+commences in May, and generally continues open about six weeks.
+
+
+
+68.  Covent Garden.
+
+
+                         [Picture: Covent Garden]
+
+Now we have a view of Covent Garden Market, where plants, fruit, and
+flowers of every kind, are brought for sale from the country.  By four
+o’clock in a summer’s morning, it is completely full of the most rare and
+beautiful plants that can be grown in England, either in open nurseries,
+or in the hot-house and green-house: and, what with the number of busy
+people buying and selling; the carts going to and fro, laden with
+flowers, fruit, and vegetables of all sorts; the beauty and gaiety of the
+different plants, and the sweetness of their odours, it is altogether a
+most delightful scene.  The Londoners cannot take a country walk whenever
+they please, and enjoy the green fields and wild hedge-flowers, in the
+open air; but they may supply themselves here with every kind of
+beautiful plants, for a garden within doors; and to those who have a
+little knowledge of botany, it must be not only an entertaining, but even
+a useful amusement.
+
+
+
+69.  The British Museum
+
+
+                      [Picture: The British Museum]
+
+Was formerly the residence of the Dukes of Montague: it is now the
+national museum for every kind of curiosity.  Indeed, they are so
+various, both natural and artificial, that it would require a very large
+book to give even a very short account of them.  Here are such a
+multitude of animals of all kinds, birds, beasts, fishes, shells,
+butterflies, insects, books both ancient and modern, precious stones,
+medals, &c. that, in fact, the only way to form an idea of them, is to
+see them.
+
+
+
+70.  Charing Cross.
+
+
+                         [Picture: Charing Cross]
+
+    Here, upon his brazen horse,
+    Sits Charles the First at Charing Cross.
+
+This spot was formerly known as a village named _Charing_, near London,
+in which King Edward the First placed a magnificent cross, in memory of
+his beloved queen Eleanor, {65} which cross was destroyed by the fury of
+the reformers, who regarded it as an object of superstition.  _Le Sueur_,
+a French artist, cast a fine statue in brass, of Charles the First on
+horseback, which was erected in place of the cross.  When Cromwell ruled,
+this statue was sold to one _Revet_, a brazier, on condition of his
+melting it, as the parliament had ordered that it should be destroyed.
+Revet made a fortune by this statue, casting a vast number of articles in
+bronze, as if made out of his purchase, which were eagerly bought by
+those desirous of having a memorial of their prince; and by others, from
+the pleasure of mean triumph over fallen royalty.  Revet, however, had
+not destroyed the statue, but kept it buried in the earth; and Charles
+the Second, on his restoration, caused it to be erected again.
+
+
+
+71.  Carleton House,
+
+
+                        [Picture: Carleton House]
+
+Which has been pulled down since our plate was engraved, was a very grand
+palace.  It stood in Pall Mall, exactly opposite Waterloo Place.  This
+was the town-residence of his late Majesty: it was furnished with the
+most elegant and splendid taste, and was said to be the most beautiful in
+its decorations of any royal residence in Europe.
+
+
+
+72.  The Quadrant, Regent Street.
+
+
+                  [Picture: The Quadrant, Regent Street]
+
+This is one of the most beautiful of the new improvements at the west end
+of the town, and is thought to be the most singular and magnificent line
+of streets in the world.  At the entrance of the Quadrant stands the
+County Fire Office.  The Building is surmounted by a colossal statue of
+Britannia, behind which is an observatory, which affords a view over
+London and the surrounding villages; the purpose of which is, that, on an
+alarm of fire, the managing director may ascertain the position in which
+it lies, and send the engines, which are kept at the back of the
+building.
+
+
+
+73.  The Funeral.
+
+
+                          [Picture: The funeral]
+
+The kind and loving mother of those two children is dead, and going to
+the grave!  It is too late now to be dutiful to her, for she cannot open
+her eyes to look at you, they are shut for ever; it is too late to do as
+she bid you, for her lips are closed, and she cannot speak: it is too
+late to wait upon her now, for she no longer requires your assistance!
+O, little girl and little boy, if your dear mamma be still alive, be very
+kind and dutiful to her before this sorrowful day comes; or else it will
+be too late to do any thing for _her_, but cry very bitterly over her
+grave.
+
+
+
+74.  The Charity Children.
+
+
+                     [Picture: The Charity Children]
+
+These charity children are coming from church, with the two
+parish-beadles before them.  Several thousands of poor children are
+taught to read, work, and write, in the different charity-schools of
+London, and to do their duty to God and to their neighbours; which will
+enable them to become respectable in this world, and tend to make them
+happy in the next.
+
+Once a year, about six thousand charity children, dressed in uniforms of
+different colours, assemble in St. Paul’s Cathedral, on benches raised to
+a great height one above the other, circularly, under the dome.  The
+order with which each school finds its own situation, and the union of so
+many voices, all raised at one moment to the praise of their great
+Creator, as they chant the hundredth psalm on the entrance of the
+clergyman, cause a most delightful and affecting sensation in the minds
+of the spectators.  The solemnity of the place, and the hope that so much
+innocence, under such protection, would be reared to virtue and
+happiness, must add greatly to the effect.
+
+This uncommon scene is well described in the following lines.
+
+    ’Twas in the pleasant month of June, their hands and faces clean,
+    The children walking two and two, in red, and blue, and green;
+    Grey-headed beadles walked before, with wands as white as snow,
+    Till into the high dome of St. Paul’s, they, like Thames’ waters,
+    flow.
+    Oh! what a multitude they seem’d, these flowers of London town!
+    Seated in companies they sit, with radiance all their own!
+
+    The hum of multitudes was there, but multitudes of lambs;
+    Thousands of little boys and girls, raising their innocent hands;
+    Now like a mighty wind they raise to heaven the voice of song,
+    Or like harmonious thunderings, the seats of heav’n among.
+    Beneath them sit the aged men, wise guardians of the poor:
+    Then cherish pity, lest you drive an angel from your door.
+
+
+
+75.  Highgate Tunnel.
+
+
+                        [Picture: Highgate Tunnel]
+
+This grand excavation was made in 1821, through the eastern side of
+Highgate-hill, for the purpose of easing the draught of horses in passing
+in this direction.  There is also a grand archway across, over the
+Tunnel, which connects Highgate with Hornsey.
+
+
+
+76.  Watering the Streets.
+
+
+                     [Picture: Watering the streets]
+
+London streets, in dry weather, are very dusty; this, when the wind blows
+briskly, annoys not only the eyes of those who walk, and of those who
+ride, but spoils the look of many a joint of meat.  Pastry-cooks’ and
+many other shops are much hurt by the dust; so that, at an early hour in
+the morning, many streets are watered by means of a scoop, and water pent
+up in the kennels, on each side of the carriageway.
+
+
+
+77.  Little Boy at the Crossing.
+
+
+                  [Picture: Little boy at the crossing]
+
+    That’s right, sweep away there, my good little man,
+    And earn a few halfpence, whenever you can.
+
+Many of the crossings in London streets are often very dirty, and some
+little lads, who prefer doing even a dirty job to being idle, put down a
+board for the passengers to walk upon, which they sweep clean continually
+from mud or snow.  They do not forget to hold their hats to those who
+make use of this convenience; and good-natured people seldom fail to drop
+a halfpenny into them, like the gentleman in the picture.
+
+Though some persons may be incommoded by wet weather, yet the poor little
+street-sweeper, the hackney-coachman, the dealer in umbrellas, and
+various other tradesmen in London, are much benefited by it; and in the
+country it is often welcome to the farmer, whose corn and grass are made
+to grow by the timely succession of wet and dry, heat and cold.
+
+
+
+78.  The Flower-pot Man.
+
+
+                      [Picture: The Flower-pot man]
+
+    Here comes the old man with his flowers to sell,
+       Along the streets merrily going;
+    Full many a year I’ve remember’d him well,
+       With, “_Flowers_, _a growing_, _a blowing_!”
+
+    Geraniums, in dresses of scarlet and green;
+       Thick aloes, that blossom so rarely;
+    The long creeping cereus with prickles so keen;
+       Or primroses modest and early.
+
+    The myrtle dark green, and the jessamine pale,
+       Sweet scented and gracefully flowing,
+    This flower-man carries and offers for sale,
+       “_All flourishing_, _growing_, _and blowing_!”
+
+
+
+79.  The Waterman, the Ticket Porter, and Fellowship Porter.
+
+
+    [Picture: The Waterman, the Ticket Porter, and Fellowship Porter]
+
+The privilege of working as a waterman on the river Thames, is only to be
+obtained by servitude or birth-right; and freemen only can work as
+porters in the city, for which they wear a ticket as a badge of
+privilege, and on which their names are stamped and numbered; but the
+privilege of bringing salt, fish, coals, fruit, and other goods on shore,
+from ships, boats, or barges, belongs to the Company of Fellowship
+Porters.  All the firemen in London must be watermen or lightermen.
+
+
+
+80.  The Coach-stand.
+
+
+                        [Picture: The Coach-stand]
+
+Nothing can exceed the noise, bustle, and hurry, of the streets of
+London, where carriages are passing backward and forward during the whole
+day, and most of the night.  Carts are creaking under heavy loads of
+merchandise, mail-coaches are driving to and from the post-office with
+the letter-bags, and more than a thousand hackney-coaches and chariots
+are sometimes in motion at once on a rainy day.  These are a great
+convenience in London; for, to whatever part of the town you may wish to
+go, you have only to beckon to a coachman, and
+
+    He’ll drive you home quickly, and when you are there,
+    You have nothing to do but to pay him his _fare_.
+
+That gentleman and lady have called to a coachman to take them home; and
+the waterman, who attends on hackney-coaches and their employers, seems
+to be enquiring where they are going.  We would recommend every person
+who hires a hackney coach in London, to notice what number is on the
+door, which, on many occasions, has been found very useful.
+
+    I am an old coachman, and drive a good hack,
+    With a coat of five capes that quite covers my back;
+    And my wife keeps a sausage-shop, not many miles
+    From the narrowest alley in all broad St. Giles’.
+
+    What tho’ at a tavern my gentleman tarries,
+    Why, the coachman grows richer than he whom he carries;
+    And I’d rather, says I, since it keeps me from sin,
+    Be the driver without, than the toper within.
+
+    And tho’ I’m a coachman, I freely confess,
+    I beg of my Maker my labours to bless;
+    I praise him each morning, and pray ev’ry night,
+    And ’tis this makes my heart feel so cheerful and light.
+
+
+
+81.  New Milk from the Cow.
+
+
+                     [Picture: New milk from the cow]
+
+That lady and her children, who have gone from Cheapside to Islington,
+may fancy themselves at a farm in the country; the fields look so green,
+the fresh air is so reviving, and the warm milk so delightfully sweet.
+Let us hope they will all receive some benefit from their morning
+excursion; for a walk, and a draught of new milk, must contribute greatly
+to the health of children who are confined for the rest of the day in a
+crowded city.  The old gentleman on the bench seems also to have had his
+draught, and is contemplating the fine shape of the gentle cow.
+
+
+
+.82  Skating.
+
+
+                            [Picture: Skating]
+
+   There go the apprentice and beauish young spark,
+   To skate on the frozen canal in the park!
+   Each bent upon showing his skill and his speed:
+   And, truly, there’s one _bent upon it_, indeed.
+   Nay, if you go on where the ice is so thin,
+   You will not be long _on_, my good fellow, but _in_.
+
+
+
+83.  The hard Frost.
+
+
+                        [Picture: The hard frost]
+
+What a picture of winter!  The water in the leaden pipes, leading from
+the large iron ones underground, into the houses, is frozen.  As some
+part of the pipe is generally exposed to the cold air, this stoppage
+frequently happens in a frost, so that the turn-cock is obliged to put a
+small wooden pipe into one of the large ones underground, {75} that the
+people may procure water.  The poor woman’s cloak is frozen so hard, that
+it looks like a great wing.  The little boy blows his fingers to make
+them warmer: and there is a man throwing the snow off the house, that it
+may not soak through to the chamber ceiling when a thaw comes.  What a
+blessing to have a good house and a comfortable fire-side, when the
+weather is so severe.
+
+
+
+84.  The Fire-plug.
+
+
+                         [Picture: The Fire-plug]
+
+The turn-cock, as he is called, has just opened a fire-plug, or rather
+water-plug; but as its principal use is to supply water to the engines
+for extinguishing fires, it has acquired the former name, more from
+custom than propriety.  Some boys make rare sport, by putting one foot on
+the stream, and dividing the course of the water; it is thus driven into
+the air, and over their companions or passengers.
+
+At first sight it seems impossible for water to run up hill; and yet, by
+a little ingenuity, this is easily done; for, put water into what you
+please, and one side or end of it will always rise as high as the other.
+It is by knowing and thinking about this, that clever men have contrived
+to supply whole cities with water, and even to send it up into the
+highest rooms of a house.  They first of all make a great reservoir, or
+collection of water, on some neighbouring hill, from which pipes are
+carried, underground, to all the houses they wish to supply; the water in
+that end of the pipes next the town, always rising as high as that in the
+reservoir at the other end of them.  If they cannot find a convenient
+spring, sufficiently high, they force the water to a proper height by
+pumps and steam-engines; and by these inventions, do with ease, what the
+best ancient philosophers might have thought impossible.  When one of the
+great pipes, which run through the streets of London, happens to burst,
+the water soon forces up the pavement, and a fountain is produced.
+
+
+
+85.  The London Docks
+
+
+                       [Picture: The London Docks]
+
+Are situated in Wapping, between Ratcliffe Highway and the Thames.  One
+of the docks is so large, that it covers more than twenty acres of
+ground, being 1262 feet long, and 699 feet wide.  It was first opened on
+the 31st of January, 1805.  The new dock covers a space of fourteen
+acres.  There are also immense warehouses.  One of them is 762 feet long,
+and 160 feet wide, a representation of which was too large to introduce
+into our picture; but we have given a view of the grand entrance, with a
+ship going into the docks, to be unladen of her merchandise, which will
+be taken care of in one of those warehouses, till it is sold for public
+use.
+
+
+
+86, 87.  Greenwich and Chelsea Hospitals, and Pensioners,
+
+
+        [Picture: Greenwich and Chelsea Hospitals, and Pensioners]
+
+The wise and benevolent design of founding an hospital for those brave
+men who have been disabled by age or accident, from serving any longer in
+the navy, is said, to the honour of the female sex, to have originated
+with that excellent woman, Queen Mary, the wife of King William the
+Third; and the founding of an asylum for invalid soldiers at Chelsea, was
+also attributed to a female, one of King Charles the Second’s favourites.
+The buildings at each place are more like palaces than hospitals, and
+great care is taken to render the objects of the institution comfortable
+in their situations.  The hospital at Chelsea, with its appendages,
+covers above forty acres of ground.  There are three hundred and
+thirty-six in-door pensioners, and an unlimited number of out-door
+pensioners, who receive an annual allowance of seven pounds twelve
+shillings and sixpence each.  Greenwich Hospital admits two thousand
+three hundred and fifty pensioners, who are provided with lodging, food,
+clothing, and pocket-money; exclusive of about twelve hundred
+out-pensioners, who receive seven pounds each per annum.  Both hospitals
+are situated by the water-side.  At Chelsea, the pensioners have gardens
+and fields to walk in; and at Greenwich, there is a large and pleasant
+park.
+
+        [Picture: Greenwich and Chelsea Hospitals, and Pensioners]
+
+                                * * * * *
+
+                                 THE END.
+
+                                * * * * *
+
+                                * * * * *
+
+                Joseph Rickerby, Printer, Sherbourn Lane.
+
+
+
+
+Footnotes
+
+
+{9}  Published at 58, Holborn Hill.
+
+{14}  Here Ann Boleyn, and many other illustrious persons, languished out
+their miserable hours of captivity; especially the amiable and learned,
+the good Jane Gray, who was shut up in it for five months.  She fell a
+victim to the jealousy of Mary.  Her piety, magnanimity, and conscious
+innocence, afforded her invincible fortitude in this trying hour, which,
+even the sight of her husband’s body, reeking from the scaffold, did not
+shake.
+
+{29}  The summer of 1794 had been very dry, and a pitch-kettle, happening
+to boil over at a wharf near Ratcliffe Cross, it set fire to a warehouse
+containing many bags of saltpetre: this soon exploded, and the wind
+blowing from the south, directed the flames towards Ratcliffe High
+Street, which took fire on both sides, and more houses were consumed than
+in any conflagration since the great fire in 1666.  It was estimated that
+upwards of four hundred families lost all their possessions, and many of
+them lived in tents or booths for a considerable time after.
+
+{65}  When in Palestine, Edward nearly escaped being murdered by an
+assassin, from whom he received a wound in his arm, which was given by a
+poisoned dagger.  It is affirmed that he owed his life to the affection
+of Eleanor, his wife, who was with him, and sucked the venom out of the
+wound.
+
+{75}  In the year 1813, one of the turn-cocks in Giltspur Street, found a
+very unusual stoppage at the extremity of the Thames water-pipe there,
+and on searching for the cause, to his great surprise found a live
+salmon, which weighed about eight pounds.
+
+
+
+
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+<pre>
+
+The Project Gutenberg eBook, City Scenes, by William Darton
+
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+
+
+
+Title: City Scenes
+       or a peep into London
+
+
+Author: William Darton
+
+
+
+Release Date: January 18, 2012  [eBook #38612]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ISO-646-US (US-ASCII)
+
+
+***START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK CITY SCENES***
+</pre>
+<p>Transcribed from the 1828 Harvey and Darton edition by David
+Price, email ccx074@pglaf.org</p>
+<p style="text-align: center">
+<a href="images/p0ab.jpg">
+<img alt=
+"Decorative shield"
+title=
+"Decorative shield"
+src="images/p0as.jpg" />
+</a></p>
+<h1><span class="smcap">City Scenes</span>.<br />
+<span class="GutSmall"><i>OR</i></span><br />
+<span class="GutSmall"><i>A PEEP INTO</i></span><br />
+LONDON.</h1>
+<p style="text-align: center">
+<a href="images/p0bb.jpg">
+<img alt=
+"View of St. Paul&rsquo;s from the Thames"
+title=
+"View of St. Paul&rsquo;s from the Thames"
+src="images/p0bs.jpg" />
+</a></p>
+<p style="text-align: center">
+<a href="images/p0cb.jpg">
+<img alt=
+"Decorative pattern with swords"
+title=
+"Decorative pattern with swords"
+src="images/p0cs.jpg" />
+</a></p>
+<p style="text-align: center"><i>LONDON</i><br />
+<i>Published by Harvey &amp; Darton</i></p>
+<p style="text-align: center">Gracechurch Street.<br />
+<i>1828</i>.</p>
+<h2><a name="page1"></a><span class="pagenum">p.
+1</span>INTRODUCTION.</h2>
+<blockquote><p><span class="smcap">Come</span>, peep at
+London&rsquo;s famous town,<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp; Nor need you travel there;<br />
+But view the things of most renown,<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp; Whilst sitting in your chair.</p>
+<p>At home, an hundred miles away,<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp; &rsquo;Tis easy now to look<br />
+At City Scenes, and London gay,<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp; In this my little book.</p>
+<p>Yes, there in quiet you may sit,<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp; Beside the winter&rsquo;s fire,<br />
+And see and hear as much of it,<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp; As ever you desire.</p>
+<p>Or underneath the oak so grey,<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp; That stands upon the green,<br />
+May pass the summer&rsquo;s eve away,<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp; And view each City Scene.</p>
+<p>There&rsquo;s great St. Paul&rsquo;s, so wondrous wide,<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp; The Monument so tall,<br />
+And many curious things beside<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp; The Giants in Guildhall.</p>
+<p><a name="page2"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 2</span>The
+post-boy galloping away,<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp; With letter-bag you&rsquo;ll find:<br />
+The wharf, the ship, the lady gay,<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp; The beggar lame and blind.</p>
+<p>The boatman plying at his oar,<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp; The gard&rsquo;ner and his greens,<br />
+The knife-grinder, with many more<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp; Of London&rsquo;s City Scenes.</p>
+</blockquote>
+<h2><a name="page3"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 3</span>CITY
+SCENES.</h2>
+<h3>1.&nbsp; Countryman on a Stage Coach.</h3>
+<p style="text-align: center">
+<a href="images/pic1b.jpg">
+<img alt=
+"Countryman on a stage coach"
+title=
+"Countryman on a stage coach"
+src="images/pic1s.jpg" />
+</a></p>
+<p><span class="smcap">Here</span> is Farmer Clodpole, who lives
+a hundred miles from London, coming to see it at
+last.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; They have just reached the top of a
+hill, and catch a fine view of the city.</p>
+<p>&ldquo;What! is that <i>Lunnun</i>, coachey?&nbsp; Well,
+I&rsquo;m glad to see it at last; for I, that&rsquo;s only used
+to jog along a few miles in our cart, don&rsquo;t much fancy this
+jumbling and jolting.&nbsp; But what a smoke they are in, master
+coachman: I shall be glad enough to get back again, if I am
+always to be in such a <i>puther</i>.&nbsp; Pray, what&rsquo;s
+that there great round thing in the midst of the housen?&nbsp;
+Oh! St. Paul&rsquo;s: why that beats our parish church all to
+pieces.&nbsp; Well, drive away, coachey, that I may see all the
+fine things; and nobody shall laugh at me any more, because I
+have not seen <i>Lunnun</i>.&rdquo;</p>
+<h3><a name="page4"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 4</span>2.&nbsp;
+The Monument.</h3>
+<p style="text-align: center">
+<a href="images/pic2b.jpg">
+<img alt=
+"The Monument"
+title=
+"The Monument"
+src="images/pic2s.jpg" />
+</a></p>
+<p>There is the Monument: it is situated on the east side of Fish
+Street Hill, and is the highest column in the world.&nbsp; It was
+erected in remembrance of the great fire of London, which broke
+out in <i>Pudding Lane</i>, very near Fish-Street Hill,
+destroying all the buildings from Tower Wharf in the east, to
+Temple church in the west; and from the north end of Mincing
+Lane, to the west end of Leadenhall Street; passing to
+Threadneedle Street, thence in a direct line to Holborn Bridge,
+and extending northward to Smithfield, when, after having burnt
+down thirteen thousand and two hundred houses, it terminated.</p>
+<p>At that time provisions were very cheap, and many people eat
+to the full; so that gluttony was alleged by some as the cause of
+the fire; it beginning, as they said, at <i>Pudding Lane</i>, and
+ending at <i>Pie Corner</i>, which was the case.</p>
+<p>The Monument is a very fine pillar, 202 feet high, having a
+staircase leading to the gallery, from which, on a clear day,
+beautiful views of the city and surrounding country may be
+seen.</p>
+<p>By the inscription on the Monument, the Roman Catholics are
+accused of &ldquo;burning this <a name="page5"></a><span
+class="pagenum">p. 5</span>Protestant city;&rdquo; but Pope, the
+poet, was of a different opinion, for he says,</p>
+<blockquote><p>&ldquo;London&rsquo;s high column, pointing to the
+skies,<br />
+Like a tall bully, lifts its head and lies.&rdquo;</p>
+</blockquote>
+<h3>3.&nbsp; Pie Corner,</h3>
+<p style="text-align: center">
+<a href="images/pic3b.jpg">
+<img alt=
+"Pie Corner"
+title=
+"Pie Corner"
+src="images/pic3s.jpg" />
+</a></p>
+<p>West Smithfield, where you see the white projecting house, as
+it was left after the fire of London, which took place at
+midnight, 2d September, 1666, and burnt with unabated fury till
+the 10th of the same month.</p>
+<p>There is also, at the corner of the lane, against a public
+house called the Fortune of War, a figure of a boy carved in
+wood, on which was painted an inscription to commemorate the
+event, and also stating the calamity to have been a punishment on
+the city for the sin of gluttony; but this being since considered
+a vulgar error, is not painted on the new figure, which in other
+respects is exactly like the old figure first put up.</p>
+<h3>4.&nbsp; New London Bridge.</h3>
+<p style="text-align: center">
+<a href="images/pic4b.jpg">
+<img alt=
+"New London Bridge"
+title=
+"New London Bridge"
+src="images/pic4s.jpg" />
+</a></p>
+<p>The new London Bridge is built from a design of the late John
+Rennie, Esq. engineer; <a name="page6"></a><span
+class="pagenum">p. 6</span>and the works are conducted under the
+direction of John and George Rennie, Esqrs.&nbsp; It stands a
+short distance westward of the old bridge.&nbsp; The first stone
+was laid by John Garratt, Esq. lord mayor, on the 15th of June,
+1825.</p>
+<p>This bridge consists of five arches: the centre one is 150,
+those next to it 140 feet, the extreme arches 130 feet.&nbsp; The
+roadway is nearly level, and the parapet is plain, with
+buttresses rising from the piers,</p>
+<h3>5.&nbsp; Billingsgate,</h3>
+<p style="text-align: center">
+<a href="images/pic5b.jpg">
+<img alt=
+"Billingsgate"
+title=
+"Billingsgate"
+src="images/pic5s.jpg" />
+</a></p>
+<p>The only fish-market in London, to which the fishing-smacks
+bring their cargoes.&nbsp; Whoever goes to Billingsgate, at
+market-time, must expect to be pushed about and dirtied.&nbsp;
+The crowd is generally very great, and the people very noisy, and
+some are quite abusive to strangers.</p>
+<blockquote><p>There goes a tall fish-woman sounding her cry,<br
+/>
+&ldquo;Who&rsquo;ll buy my fine flounders, and oysters
+who&rsquo;ll buy?&rdquo;<br />
+Poor flounder, he heaves up his fin with a sigh,<br />
+And thinks that <i>he</i> has most occasion to cry;<br />
+&ldquo;Ah, neighbour,&rdquo; says oyster, &ldquo;indeed, so do
+I.&rdquo;</p>
+</blockquote>
+<p>It is supposed that more money is taken at this place for
+shell-fish, in a year, than there is at <a name="page7"></a><span
+class="pagenum">p. 7</span>Smithfield for butchers&rsquo; meat in
+the same period.&nbsp; Within these few years, great quantities
+of salmon have been sent from Scotland to Billingsgate in
+summer-time, preserved in ice, which had been stored up in winter
+for that salutary purpose.&nbsp; The ice, when taken from the
+fish, is sold to confectioners and pastry-cooks, for forming
+ice-creams in summer.</p>
+<h3>6.&nbsp; The Scavenger.</h3>
+<p style="text-align: center">
+<a href="images/pic6b.jpg">
+<img alt=
+"The Scavenger"
+title=
+"The Scavenger"
+src="images/pic6s.jpg" />
+</a></p>
+<p>I am glad to see this man, whose business it is to sweep up
+the mud and dirt from the streets, and collect it in a
+cart.&nbsp; Surely, no part of London needs this work more than
+Thames Street and Billingsgate; for, even in a dry season, the
+narrowness of the streets, and great traffic of men and women,
+with fish in wet baskets, &amp;c. keep the pavement constantly
+dirty.&nbsp; When the cart is well laden, he empties it into some
+waste place in the outskirts of the town, or delivers it at some
+wharf by the water-side; and as it proves a very rich manure, he
+finds it a profitable and useful occupation.</p>
+<blockquote><p>&ldquo;I&rsquo;m very glad &rsquo;tis not my
+luck<br />
+To get my bread by carting muck;<br />
+I&rsquo;m sure I never could be made<br />
+To work at such a dirty trade.&rdquo;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<a name="page8"></a><span class="pagenum">p.
+8</span>&ldquo;Hold, little master, not so fast,<br />
+Some proud folks get a fall at last;<br />
+And you, young gentleman, I say,<br />
+May be a scavenger, one day.<br />
+All sober folks, who seldom play,<br />
+But get their bread some honest way,<br />
+Though not to wealth or honours born,<br />
+Deserve respect instead of scorn.<br />
+Such rude contempt they merit less,<br />
+Than those who live in idleness;<br />
+Who are less useful, I&rsquo;m afraid,<br />
+Than this black mud that&rsquo;s in my spade.&rdquo;</p>
+</blockquote>
+<h3>7.&nbsp; The Bellman.</h3>
+<p style="text-align: center">
+<a href="images/pic7b.jpg">
+<img alt=
+"The Bellman"
+title=
+"The Bellman"
+src="images/pic7s.jpg" />
+</a></p>
+<p>Well, here is the Bellman and Crier, calling the attention of
+the people to a description of a child that has been lost.&nbsp;
+The number of children who have at times been stolen from their
+homes, has caused great alarm to many parents.&nbsp; It was not
+far from London Bridge that little Tommy Dellow was taken away,
+which caused the parish-officers to advertise a reward of one
+hundred guineas for his recovery; and the bills were the means of
+his being discovered at Gosport, in Hampshire.&nbsp; It appeared
+that this little boy and his sister were enticed away by a
+decently <a name="page9"></a><span class="pagenum">p.
+9</span>dressed woman, who sent the girl home, but took the
+boy.&nbsp; Having no children of her own, she contrived to take
+him to Gosport, and to present him to her husband, on his return
+from a long voyage at sea, as his own son.&nbsp; The whole
+history of the distressing loss and happy recovery of little
+Thomas Dellow, has been published; and, in another account of
+him, <a name="citation9"></a><a href="#footnote9"
+class="citation">[9]</a> it is shortly described in verse.</p>
+<p>The little boy and girl, who stand hand in hand, before the
+man with the basket on his head, are the portraits drawn from the
+life of little Thomas Dellow and his sister.</p>
+<blockquote><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&ldquo;A sweet
+chubby fellow,<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Named little Tom Dellow,<br />
+His mamma to a neighbour did send,<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; With a caution to stop<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; At a green-grocer&rsquo;s shop,<br
+/>
+While she went to visit a friend.</p>
+<p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&ldquo;The poor little
+soul,<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Unused to control,<br />
+O&rsquo;er the threshold just happen&rsquo;d to stray,<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; When a sly cunning dame,<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Mary Magnay by name,<br />
+Enticed the young truant away.</p>
+<p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<a name="page10"></a><span
+class="pagenum">p. 10</span>&ldquo;At a pastry-cook&rsquo;s
+shop<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; She made a short stop,<br />
+And gave him two buns and a tart,<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; And soon after that<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; She bought him a hat<br />
+And feather, that made him quite smart.</p>
+<p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&ldquo;Then a man they
+employ<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; To describe the sweet boy,<br />
+Whom they sought with such tender regard!<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; And soon you might meet<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Bills in every street,<br />
+Which offer&rsquo;d five guineas reward!</p>
+<p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&ldquo;They did not
+succeed<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; To discover the deed,<br />
+Tho&rsquo; much all who heard of it wonder&rsquo;d,<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Till at length they sent down<br
+/>
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Large bills to each town,<br />
+And raised the reward to one hundred!</p>
+</blockquote>
+<p>The office of bellman was first instituted in 1556, for the
+purpose of going round the ward by night to ring his bell, and to
+exhort the inhabitants, with a loud voice, to take care of their
+fires and lights, to help the poor, and pray for the dead.&nbsp;
+This custom, though once general, is used only at Christmas-time,
+when a copy of verses is repeated, instead of the admonition used
+in former days.</p>
+<h3><a name="page11"></a><span class="pagenum">p.
+11</span>8.&nbsp; A Wharf</h3>
+<p style="text-align: center">
+<a href="images/pic8b.jpg">
+<img alt=
+"A wharf"
+title=
+"A wharf"
+src="images/pic8s.jpg" />
+</a></p>
+<p>Is a landing place by the side of a river, for the convenience
+of boats, barges, or ships.&nbsp; At these wharfs many casks of
+fruit, plums, currants, figs, oranges, and lemons, are brought on
+shore, to be taken away in carts to grocers, fruiterers, and
+orange-merchants.&nbsp; It is the business of a merchant to bring
+over these things for our use, and for which we are obliged to
+him.&nbsp; The West and East India Docks receive now, most of the
+shipping used to and from those countries, and are considered
+more secure from robberies, than the open wharfs by the sides of
+the river Thames used to be.</p>
+<h3>9.&nbsp; The Coal-ship and Barge.</h3>
+<p style="text-align: center">
+<a href="images/pic9b.jpg">
+<img alt=
+"The coal-ship and barge"
+title=
+"The coal-ship and barge"
+src="images/pic9s.jpg" />
+</a></p>
+<p>This is one of the ships called Newcastle Colliers, laden with
+coals from the mines in Northumberland.&nbsp; These vessels are
+too large to come close to the wharfs to unload; so the coals are
+emptied into barges, (which are a kind of large, flat boats,) and
+carried in them to the different wharfs where they are to be
+landed.</p>
+<blockquote><p><a name="page12"></a><span class="pagenum">p.
+12</span>Drawn up from the dreary mine,<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp; See the black and shining coal;<br />
+Where the sun can never shine,<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp; Through the deep and dismal hole.</p>
+<p>There the sooty miners stay,<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp; Digging at their work forlorn;<br />
+Or, to see the light of day,<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp; In a swinging bucket drawn.</p>
+<p>Then along the roaring tide,<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp; Where the tempest bellow&rsquo;d keen,<br />
+Did the laden vessel ride,<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp; Toss&rsquo;d among the waters green.</p>
+<p>Wide were spread her canvass sails,<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp; Tall and taper rose her mast:<br />
+Now, before the northern gales,<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp; She has reach&rsquo;d her port at last.</p>
+</blockquote>
+<h3>10.&nbsp; The Custom House.</h3>
+<p style="text-align: center">
+<a href="images/pic10b.jpg">
+<img alt=
+"The Custom House"
+title=
+"The Custom House"
+src="images/pic10s.jpg" />
+</a></p>
+<p>Adjoining Billingsgate stands the New Custom House, which is
+the office where the duties are collected on goods exported or
+imported.&nbsp; The building is situated in Lower Thames-street,
+fronting the river, occupying an immense space of ground.&nbsp;
+The dimensions of it are upwards of 480 feet long, by 107 feet
+wide.&nbsp; The first stone <a name="page13"></a><span
+class="pagenum">p. 13</span>was laid on the 25th of October,
+1813, being the 53d anniversary of king George the Third&rsquo;s
+accession; and it was opened for public business on the 12th of
+May, 1817.</p>
+<p>The long room is of extraordinary size, being 190 feet long,
+by 66 wide, and proportionably high.&nbsp; This is the principal
+place for all foreign business.</p>
+<p>The former Custom House having been burnt down, precautions
+have been taken to prevent the recurrence of a similar accident
+in the new building; and fire-proof rooms are provided on each
+floor, where the books and papers are deposited every
+evening.</p>
+<h3>11.&nbsp; The Press-gang.</h3>
+<p style="text-align: center">
+<a href="images/pic11b.jpg">
+<img alt=
+"The Press-gang"
+title=
+"The Press-gang"
+src="images/pic11s.jpg" />
+</a></p>
+<p>From the Custom House it is but a few steps to
+Tower-hill.&nbsp; Well, there is a view of it, and of the Tender,
+which is an old man-of-war, riding at anchor on the Thames, for
+the purpose of receiving impressed men for the king&rsquo;s
+service.</p>
+<blockquote><p>Say, Mr. Lieutenant, before I surrender,<br />
+By what right you take me on board of your tender?<br />
+In the peaceable trader I rather would be,<br />
+And no man-of-war, Sir, I thank you, for me.</p>
+</blockquote>
+<h3><a name="page14"></a><span class="pagenum">p.
+14</span>12.&nbsp; The Tower of London</h3>
+<p style="text-align: center">
+<a href="images/pic12b.jpg">
+<img alt=
+"The Tower of London"
+title=
+"The Tower of London"
+src="images/pic12s.jpg" />
+</a></p>
+<p>Is an ancient and irregular building, which arises from its
+having been erected and enlarged by different sovereigns, at
+distant periods of time.&nbsp; It was the palace of many of our
+monarchs, as well as a place of defence.&nbsp; William of
+Normandy, called the Conqueror, having no great reliance on the
+fidelity of his new subjects, built a fortress, (called the White
+Tower,) on part of the present scite of the Tower, to which the
+origin of this fabric may be attributed.&nbsp; In 1092, William
+Rufus laid the foundation of a castle to the south, towards the
+river, which was finished by his successor.&nbsp; Beneath this
+were two gates, one called <i>Traitor&rsquo;s</i> Gate, through
+which state-prisoners were conveyed to their prisons; the other
+entitled <i>Bloody</i>, which, too many who entered it, found it
+deserved; imprisonment in those dark ages, being mostly the
+certain passport to death. <a name="citation14"></a><a
+href="#footnote14" class="citation">[14]</a>&nbsp; Charles the
+Second cleared the ditch, improved <a name="page15"></a><span
+class="pagenum">p. 15</span>the wharfings, and introduced water
+by convenient sluices.&nbsp; The whole underwent considerable
+repairs in the reign of George the Third.</p>
+<p>The principal entrance is by three gates on the west
+side.&nbsp; The whole are guarded by soldiers; and when these
+gates are opened of a morning, the formalities of a garrison are
+observed, though the interior now resembles a town at peace,
+having streets, and a variety of buildings.&nbsp; When the gates
+are shut at night, the Yeoman Porter, with a serjeant and six
+privates, goes to the governor&rsquo;s house for the keys, and on
+the porter&rsquo;s returning from the outer gate, he is
+challenged by the guard, drawn up under arms, with, &ldquo;<i>Who
+comes there</i>?&rdquo; to which he replies, &ldquo;<i>The
+Keys</i>.&rdquo;&nbsp; The guards answer, &ldquo;<i>Pass
+Keys</i>,&rdquo; and rest their firelocks.&nbsp; The yeoman
+porter says, &ldquo;<i>God save the King</i>!&rdquo; and the
+ceremony closes with a general &ldquo;<i>Amen</i>.&rdquo;</p>
+<p>The Wardens, or Yeomen Porters of the Tower, wear a uniform,
+the same as the yeomen <a name="page16"></a><span
+class="pagenum">p. 16</span>of the king&rsquo;s guard at the
+palaces.&nbsp; Their coats are of fine scarlet cloth, laced with
+gold round the edges and seams, with several rows of gold lace,
+and bound round the waist with a girdle of the same
+material.&nbsp; Their form is uncommon, having full sleeves, and
+short, full skirts.&nbsp; On their breasts and backs they wear
+the king&rsquo;s silver badge of the rose, thistle, and shamrock,
+with the letters G. R.&nbsp; Their heads are covered with round,
+flat-crowned caps, tied with bands of coloured ribbons.&nbsp; The
+whole appearance forms an elegant livery, well adapted to
+royalty.</p>
+<h3>13.&nbsp; The Armory.</h3>
+<p style="text-align: center">
+<a href="images/pic13b.jpg">
+<img alt=
+"The Armory"
+title=
+"The Armory"
+src="images/pic13s.jpg" />
+</a></p>
+<p>The spoils of the Spanish Armada are still shown in the
+Tower.&nbsp; There are, amongst them, several kinds of arms and
+instruments of cruelty, designed for torturing their English
+prisoners; and the following list of them will prove the
+barbarity of Spain at that period.</p>
+<p style="text-align: center"><span class="GutSmall">THE SPOILS
+OF THE SPANISH ARMADA.</span></p>
+<p>1.&nbsp; The pope&rsquo;s banner, by him blessed and declared
+invincible.</p>
+<p>2.&nbsp; A battle-axe for penetrating steel armour.</p>
+<p><a name="page17"></a><span class="pagenum">p.
+17</span>3.&nbsp; A spadole, used as a small sword, the point
+poisoned.</p>
+<p>4.&nbsp; An anchove, for hooking men off their horses.</p>
+<p>5.&nbsp; A lance.</p>
+<p>6.&nbsp; A lance, with the current coin on the head.</p>
+<p>7.&nbsp; A Spanish morning star: the points were poisoned, to
+keep people from boarding ships.</p>
+<p>8.&nbsp; A lance, which the Spaniards vauntingly said was for
+bleeding the English.</p>
+<p>9.&nbsp; A battle-axe with a pistol at the end.</p>
+<p>10.&nbsp; A battle-axe.</p>
+<p>11.&nbsp; A Spanish bilbo, to lock the English by the
+legs.</p>
+<p>12.&nbsp; A thumb-screw, an instrument of torture.</p>
+<p>13.&nbsp; A Spanish instrument of torture, called the
+cravat.</p>
+<p>14.&nbsp; A Spanish shield with a pistol fixed in it.</p>
+<p>15.&nbsp; A battle-axe, or scull-cracker, to make four holes
+at a blow.</p>
+<p>16.&nbsp; The Spanish general&rsquo;s shield of honour.</p>
+<p>17.&nbsp; Spike-shot.</p>
+<p>18.&nbsp; Bar-shot.</p>
+<div class="gapspace">&nbsp;</div>
+<p>The figure of Queen Elizabeth in armour, forms a proper
+addition to the collection.&nbsp; She stands in a spirited
+attitude, by a cream-coloured horse, attended by her page.&nbsp;
+The axe that beheaded the unfortunate Ann Boleyn, wife of the
+cruel King Henry the Eighth, is also shown here.&nbsp; The small
+armoury contains stands of <a name="page18"></a><span
+class="pagenum">p. 18</span>arms for one hundred thousand men,
+tastefully arranged in a variety of figures.&nbsp; The apartment
+is three hundred and forty-five feet in length, and is thought to
+exceed every thing of the kind in Europe.</p>
+<h3>14.&nbsp; The Horse Armory.</h3>
+<p style="text-align: center">
+<a href="images/pic14b.jpg">
+<img alt=
+"The Horse Armory"
+title=
+"The Horse Armory"
+src="images/pic14s.jpg" />
+</a></p>
+<p>The Horse Armory is a large apartment, containing, amongst
+many curiosities, seventeen of the kings of England on horseback,
+in the suits of armour they had each worn.&nbsp; Most of this
+armour is very rich, and beautifully ornamented.&nbsp; The
+furniture of the horses is of velvet, laced with gold.</p>
+<p>There is a suit of armour belonging to John of Gaunt, Duke of
+Lancaster, which is seven feet high; and another made for Henry
+the Eighth, when sixteen years old, which is six feet in
+height.</p>
+<h3>15.&nbsp; The Wild Beasts in the Tower.</h3>
+<p style="text-align: center">
+<a href="images/pic15b.jpg">
+<img alt=
+"The Wild Beasts in the Tower"
+title=
+"The Wild Beasts in the Tower"
+src="images/pic15s.jpg" />
+</a></p>
+<p>But no sight in the Tower is more interesting than the wild
+beasts: lions, tigers, leopards, bears, monkeys, &amp;c.&nbsp; As
+they are confined in <a name="page19"></a><span
+class="pagenum">p. 19</span>cages, with iron gates before them,
+there is no danger, if people keep their distance; but some
+dreadful accidents have happened, by children going within reach
+of the paws of the lion, she bear, or tiger.</p>
+<blockquote><p>Don&rsquo;t be frighten&rsquo;d, young lady, to
+look at the lion,<br />
+You see he can&rsquo;t spring through the grating of iron;<br />
+But if you were wand&rsquo;ring, like poor Mungo Park,<br />
+In Africa&rsquo;s forests, bewilder&rsquo;d and dark;<br />
+And there, where no refuge or hut could be found,<br />
+Should hear his fierce roar thro&rsquo; the valleys around;<br />
+Or there, by the moonlight, astonish&rsquo;d to stand,<br />
+And see his huge shadow glide by on the sand;<br />
+Oh, then you might tremble with terror, and fly<br />
+And hide &rsquo;mid the palm-tree till he had passed by:<br />
+An enemy fierce and all-powerful then,<br />
+But now a poor captive confined in his den.</p>
+</blockquote>
+<h3>16.&nbsp; The Jewel Office.</h3>
+<p>This office is a strong stone room, in which are kept the
+crown, ball, and sceptre, used by the kings of England at their
+coronation, all richly set with jewels; besides other crowns and
+regal ornaments, and some pieces of curious old plate.&nbsp; The
+crown worn by the king when he goes in state to the House of
+Lords, is enriched <a name="page20"></a><span class="pagenum">p.
+20</span>with an emerald seven inches round, with other gems of
+great value.&nbsp; Great precautions are taken to secure the
+regalia, the whole being enclosed within a grate.&nbsp; This was
+found needful in the days of Charles the Second, after a daring,
+unprincipled man, named <i>Blood</i>, had attempted to steal the
+crown and other royal ornaments.&nbsp; Under the form of a
+clergyman, and pretended friendship to Mr. Edwards, who was
+keeper of the jewels, he introduced three of his companions, as
+wicked as himself, and having knocked down and gagged the
+unsuspecting old man, they concealed the crown and other
+valuables under their clothes, and were going off with their
+booty, leaving the keeper, as they supposed, dead, or stunned
+with their blows, on the floor; but he never lost his senses, and
+taking advantage of their security, forced out the gag, and
+calling for assistance, pursued the villains, and recovered the
+spoil!</p>
+<p>In our picture is seen</p>
+<p><span class="GutSmall">Fig.</span></p>
+<p>1.&nbsp; The imperial crown of Great Britain.</p>
+<p>2.&nbsp; The golden sceptre with the cross.</p>
+<p>3.&nbsp; The sceptre with the dove of peace.</p>
+<p>4.&nbsp; St. Edward&rsquo;s staff, carried before the king at
+his coronation.</p>
+<p>5.&nbsp; The golden orb, which is put into the king&rsquo;s
+right hand before he is crowned.</p>
+<p><a name="page21"></a><span class="pagenum">p.
+21</span>6.&nbsp; The king&rsquo;s coronation ring.</p>
+<p>7.&nbsp; The culanna, or pointless sword, being the sword of
+mercy.</p>
+<p>8 and 9.&nbsp; The swords of justice, spiritual and
+temporal.</p>
+<h3>17.&nbsp; Rag Fair and Old Clothes.</h3>
+<p>Not far from the Tower is Rosemary Lane, where Rag Fair is
+daily held.&nbsp; To describe the great variety there sold, would
+exceed all bounds; we would, however, advise every country
+customer who visits that place, to take particular care of his
+pockets, that the money depart not without his consent; and, if
+he takes change, to see well that the silver be good.&nbsp; A
+word to the wise is sufficient.&nbsp; But as many dealers in old
+clothes know that an industrious disposition is worth more than
+good opportunities without it; and as nothing is to be got by
+standing still, up old Levi gets early in the morning, and
+rambles about from street to street, and buys old clothes of
+those who have got new ones: or sometimes he gets a stock of hats
+and slippers, and then begins his walk again.&nbsp; So, as he
+wants his money more than he does his goods, he sells them to
+those who <a name="page22"></a><span class="pagenum">p.
+22</span>want the goods more than they want their money.&nbsp;
+Thus both parties are accommodated.&nbsp; This is the business of
+a trader; and his customers are as much obliged to him for
+letting them have his things, as he is to them for letting him
+have their money.</p>
+<h3>18.&nbsp; Ship-building.</h3>
+<p>Now we have a distant view of a man-of-war (which is a great
+fighting ship) building at Deptford.&nbsp; You may see, by the
+boats in the front, how large it must be; for the further off any
+thing is, the smaller it looks; and yet it seems larger at this
+distance, than the boats which are close by.&nbsp; It is like a
+large floating house, with convenient apartments, sufficient to
+accommodate 800 people.&nbsp; Numbers of men have been at work on
+it for several years; and hundreds of fine oaks, which have been
+from fifty to a hundred years in growing, have been cut down to
+build it with: besides all the iron from Sweden, for bolts and
+nails; and fir-trees from Norway, for planks and masts; and
+copper from Cornwall, to cover its bottom with, to preserve it
+from being rotted by the sea-water and from other injuries; and
+the pitch, tar, <a name="page23"></a><span class="pagenum">p.
+23</span>paint, glue, and I cannot tell how many other things,
+which must be used before it is fit to swim.&nbsp; What a pity
+that all this expense and trouble should be wasted in contriving
+to kill our neighbours and destroy their property; when it might
+be employed to the advantage of both parties by promoting a
+friendly intercourse with each other.</p>
+<h3>19.&nbsp; Nosegays.</h3>
+<p style="text-align: center">
+<a href="images/pic19b.jpg">
+<img alt=
+"Nosegays"
+title=
+"Nosegays"
+src="images/pic19s.jpg" />
+</a></p>
+<blockquote><p>Through many a long and winding lane,<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp; My wand&rsquo;ring feet have stray&rsquo;d;<br />
+While yet the drops of early rain<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp; Were sparkling on the blade.</p>
+<p>Along the hedge I bent my way,<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp; Where roses wild are seen;<br />
+Or cowslips peeping out so gay<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp; Among the tangled green.</p>
+<p>Or primrose, with its pucker&rsquo;d leaf<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp; And simple early bloom;<br />
+Or violet, hiding underneath<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp; The hedge&rsquo;s shady gloom.</p>
+<p>With finger wet with morning dew,<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp; And torn by many a spray,<br />
+My roses red, and violets blue,<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp; I bound in posies gay.</p>
+<p><a name="page24"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 24</span>Before
+the sun has risen high,<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp; And all their colours fade,<br />
+Come, lady fair, my posies buy,<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp; Of modest wild-flow&rsquo;rs made.</p>
+</blockquote>
+<h3>20.&nbsp; The Water-cress Girl,</h3>
+<blockquote><p>Lady, lady, buy, I pray,<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp; Water-cresses fresh and young;<br />
+Many miles I&rsquo;m forced to stray,<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp; Lanes and meadows damp among.<br />
+Stooping at the crystal brook,<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp; By the morning light I&rsquo;m seen:<br />
+Lady, lady, pray you look;<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp; Buy my water-cresses green.</p>
+<p>&rsquo;Tis the honest truth I tell,<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp; These were gather&rsquo;d fresh to-day;<br />
+I have cause to know it well,<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp; By the long and weary way.<br />
+On my arm, so tann&rsquo;d and brown,<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp; So my little basket hung;<br />
+As I travell&rsquo;d back to town,<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp; With my water-cresses young.</p>
+<p>Hardly was a little bird<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp; Stirring as I went along;<br />
+Not a waggon-wheel I heard,<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp; Nor the ploughman&rsquo;s cheery song.<br />
+<a name="page25"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 25</span>Still upon
+the waters grey,<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp; Mists of early morning hung;<br />
+Buy then, lady fair, I pray,<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp; Buy my water-cresses young.</p>
+</blockquote>
+<h3>21.&nbsp; The Brewer&rsquo;s Dray.</h3>
+<p style="text-align: center">
+<a href="images/pic21b.jpg">
+<img alt=
+"The Brewer&rsquo;s Dray"
+title=
+"The Brewer&rsquo;s Dray"
+src="images/pic21s.jpg" />
+</a></p>
+<blockquote><p>Here travels the brewer along with his dray,<br />
+And the horse seems as if he had something to say;<br />
+Now (tho&rsquo; between friends I am forced to confess<br />
+That I cannot quite <i>hear</i> him) I think I can guess:<br />
+&ldquo;Good master,&rdquo; perhaps, &ldquo;do not give such a
+smack;<br />
+For even a dray-horse can feel on his back;<br />
+And surely &rsquo;tis fair that my labour should earn,<br />
+At least civil treatment from you in return.&rdquo;</p>
+</blockquote>
+<h3>22.&nbsp; The Twopenny-post Boy.</h3>
+<p style="text-align: center">
+<a href="images/pic22b.jpg">
+<img alt=
+"The Twopenny-post Boy"
+title=
+"The Twopenny-post Boy"
+src="images/pic22s.jpg" />
+</a></p>
+<p>This is a most welcome lad to many a tradesman, when he brings
+good orders, with a Banknote, or bill to be regularly paid: also
+to every parent, child, or friend, who wishes to hear of the
+welfare of parties that live at a distance.</p>
+<blockquote><p>Quoth I to the Postman, good master, your nag,<br
+/>
+By this time is tired by the weight of your bag;<br />
+<a name="page26"></a><span class="pagenum">p.
+26</span>You&rsquo;ve set off from your office, and rode without
+stopping,<br />
+Till your poor panting steed is in danger of dropping.<br />
+Now, said he, if these letters were weigh&rsquo;d by their
+sense,<br />
+&rsquo;Twere a chance if they rose o&rsquo;er a couple of
+pence;<br />
+And if that could be managed, my beast would not mind,<br />
+If I carried them with me, or left them behind.</p>
+</blockquote>
+<h3>23.&nbsp; The Dancing Bear and Dogs.</h3>
+<p style="text-align: center">
+<a href="images/pic23b.jpg">
+<img alt=
+"The Dancing Bear and Dogs"
+title=
+"The Dancing Bear and Dogs"
+src="images/pic23s.jpg" />
+</a></p>
+<p>I wish the bear had remained in Russia or Poland, rather than,
+after being brought from his native woods, to be thus tormented;
+for who can tell what misery he underwent in learning to move at
+the command of his keeper.&nbsp; And as for the poor dogs, they
+must be very tired before their day&rsquo;s work is ended.&nbsp;
+I would rather find employment for the men, than give them money
+for punishing poor animals as they do!</p>
+<h3>24.&nbsp; The Camel and Monkey.</h3>
+<p style="text-align: center">
+<a href="images/pic24b.jpg">
+<img alt=
+"The Camel and Monkey"
+title=
+"The Camel and Monkey"
+src="images/pic24s.jpg" />
+</a></p>
+<p>What a wonderful place is this said London!&nbsp; Here are not
+only bears from the cold regions of <a name="page27"></a><span
+class="pagenum">p. 27</span>Russia, Poland, and America, but also
+a camel from the hot sands of Arabia or the East Indies, walking
+in the streets!&nbsp; Behold the playful monkey on its head, and
+numbers of fearless boys upon its back.&nbsp; In Turkey, Arabia,
+and Persia, the camel is a most useful creature, carrying very
+great weights of spices and merchandise, for a considerable
+number of miles, and for several days together, without any kind
+of sustenance.&nbsp; They are said to have a particular property,
+in scenting out places in the sand where water is to be
+found.</p>
+<p>The milk of this animal is very nutritive, and, mixed with
+water, forms the principle beverage of the Arabians.&nbsp; The
+flesh supplies them with food: that of the young is reckoned a
+delicacy.</p>
+<p>The camel feeds entirely on vegetables.&nbsp; Not only pencils
+and brushes for painters, but some very neat and fine garments
+have been made with its hair.</p>
+<blockquote><p>In Arabian deserts bare,<br />
+I have toil&rsquo;d with patient care,<br />
+While upon my crooked back<br />
+Hung the merchant&rsquo;s precious pack,<br />
+Full of spices and of gold,<br />
+In the markets to be sold:<br />
+<a name="page28"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 28</span>But it was
+my native clime,<br />
+And I liked it all the time.</p>
+<p>Now a poor and weary hack,<br />
+With a monkey on my back,<br />
+Taught by many a knock and bruise,<br />
+I the gaping crowd amuse,<br />
+Through your city as I go,<br />
+Tired and dismal, for a show:<br />
+Oh! that I could see again<br />
+My native, sandy, barren plain!</p>
+</blockquote>
+<h3>25.&nbsp; The Royal Exchange.</h3>
+<p style="text-align: center">
+<a href="images/pic25b.jpg">
+<img alt=
+"The Royal Exchange"
+title=
+"The Royal Exchange"
+src="images/pic25s.jpg" />
+</a></p>
+<p>Here merchants meet from all parts of the world.&nbsp; The
+traffic on the seas being very great, to and from every nation,
+in time of peace, it must afford great convenience to the
+ship-owners, ship-captains, and traders, to have one spot where
+they can meet to transact their business.&nbsp; Sir Thomas
+Gresham, a merchant, laid the foundation in 1566, and Queen
+Elizabeth was so pleased with the building, that she dignified it
+with the title of <i>Royal Exchange</i>, by sound of trumpet.</p>
+<p>The inside of the Exchange affords a busy scene: Englishmen,
+Dutchmen, Frenchmen, Spaniards, Russians, Turks, Americans, and
+<a name="page29"></a><span class="pagenum">p.
+29</span>Jews.&nbsp; How intent every one appears to be on
+business, and what a general buzz and din we hear: yet the figure
+of one individual stands very silently in the midst of all, I
+mean the statue of Charles the Second, on a pedestal.&nbsp; In a
+few years, every one of these active merchants will be as
+motionless as this marble statue.&nbsp; It may be of service to
+the busy Englishman, sprightly Frenchman, lazy Spaniard,
+plodding-Dutchman, rough Russian, proud Turk, and rich Jew, to
+reflect on this; and to endeavour, with all their gettings, to
+get understanding.</p>
+<h3>26.&nbsp; The Fire-engine.</h3>
+<p style="text-align: center">
+<a href="images/pic26b.jpg">
+<img alt=
+"The Fire-engine"
+title=
+"The Fire-engine"
+src="images/pic26s.jpg" />
+</a></p>
+<p>We know of no place better supplied with engines for putting
+out fire, than London; and though fires are very frequent, they
+seldom do so much damage as formerly, when houses were built of
+wood, or without party-walls.</p>
+<p>An engine is a very clever contrivance: the pipes convey the
+water over the tops of the houses; and if an engine arrives in
+time, it frequently prevents the flames from spreading further.
+<a name="citation29"></a><a href="#footnote29"
+class="citation">[29]</a></p>
+<h3><a name="page30"></a><span class="pagenum">p.
+30</span>27.&nbsp; Drawing Goods in a Truck.</h3>
+<p style="text-align: center">
+<a href="images/pic27b.jpg">
+<img alt=
+"Drawing Goods in a Truck"
+title=
+"Drawing Goods in a Truck"
+src="images/pic27s.jpg" />
+</a></p>
+<p>Well done, my good boy! and well done, my good dog!&nbsp; Why
+the dog works as hard as the boy, and seems to do it with quite
+as much ease.</p>
+<blockquote><p>In drawing that truck, boy, you now feel a part<br
+/>
+Of what ev&rsquo;ry horse feels, when drawing a cart.</p>
+</blockquote>
+<p>Come, my lad, haste away, to make room for a fine coach, full
+of gay people, coming to the East India House.</p>
+<h3>28.&nbsp; The East India House.</h3>
+<p>The East India Company is one of the most powerful and wealthy
+associations in Europe; <a name="page31"></a><span
+class="pagenum">p. 31</span>and their house in Leadenhall Street
+is a very elegant building.&nbsp; The Company was originally
+formed by Queen Elizabeth, in 1600, principally for the purpose
+of procuring spices at a cheap rate, which were advanced in price
+by the Dutch.&nbsp; From traders they became conquerors of the
+natives, and having obtained a footing in the country, usurped
+the sovereignty over considerable districts; and war, with
+oppression, have too often befallen the harmless natives.&nbsp;
+The India ships bring home tea, coffee, silks both raw and
+manufactured, cottons, muslins, calicoes, drugs, China-ware,
+rice, sago, saltpetre, pepper, indigo, &amp;c &amp;c.</p>
+<h3>29.&nbsp; London Stone.</h3>
+<p style="text-align: center">
+<a href="images/pic29b.jpg">
+<img alt=
+"London Stone"
+title=
+"London Stone"
+src="images/pic29s.jpg" />
+</a></p>
+<p>This is to be seen in Cannon Street, against the wall of St.
+Swithin&rsquo;s church, where it has long been preserved.&nbsp;
+It is now cased with stone-work, and guarded by an iron bar and
+spikes, but still remains open to view.&nbsp; It has been
+supposed to be a standard, from which the Romans, when in
+England, computed their miles.&nbsp; Proclamations were formerly
+delivered from this stone to the people.</p>
+<h3><a name="page32"></a><span class="pagenum">p.
+32</span>30.&nbsp; Guildhall.</h3>
+<p style="text-align: center">
+<a href="images/pic30b.jpg">
+<img alt=
+"The Guildhall"
+title=
+"The Guildhall"
+src="images/pic30s.jpg" />
+</a></p>
+<p>This is the place where the public business of the corporation
+of London is transacted; and where the judges sit to hear and
+determine causes.&nbsp; In this hall the Court of Aldermen and
+Common Council have a very handsome chamber, or court-room, which
+is ornamented with a capital collection of paintings, presented
+to the City of London by the late worthy Alderman Boydell, who
+greatly promoted the arts.&nbsp; The fine painting by Mr. Copley,
+representing the siege of Gibraltar by the Spanish flotilla, and
+likewise an elegant marble statue of George III. our late
+venerable monarch, are well worth seeing by every admirer of the
+arts of painting and statuary.</p>
+<p>Nearly opposite to the entrance of this fine building, and on
+each side of the clock, formerly stood two gigantic statues,
+commonly called Gog and Magog, supposed to be the figures of a
+Briton and a Saxon; but they are now removed to the west end of
+the hall, as they are seen in the picture, No. 31.</p>
+<p>Two modern painted windows complete the decorations of this
+venerable building; the one representing the royal arms, the
+other those of the city of London.</p>
+<h3><a name="page33"></a><span class="pagenum">p.
+33</span>32.&nbsp; The Mansion House,</h3>
+<p style="text-align: center">
+<a href="images/pic32b.jpg">
+<img alt=
+"The Mansion House"
+title=
+"The Mansion House"
+src="images/pic32s.jpg" />
+</a></p>
+<p>Well, here are the Lord Mayor&rsquo;s coach and six horses,
+standing opposite the Mansion House, which is the place of
+residence for every chief magistrate during his mayoralty.&nbsp;
+It is a stone building of magnificence, but appears the more
+heavy and gloomy from its confined situation.</p>
+<h3>33.&nbsp; The Bank of England.</h3>
+<p style="text-align: center">
+<a href="images/pic33b.jpg">
+<img alt=
+"The Bank of England"
+title=
+"The Bank of England"
+src="images/pic33s.jpg" />
+</a></p>
+<p>Not far from the Mansion House stands the Bank of
+England.&nbsp; This building fills a space enclosed by the four
+streets, Bartholomew Lane, Lothbury, Prince&rsquo;s Street, and
+Bank Buildings.&nbsp; It is truly interesting to behold the busy
+scene that daily passes in the rotunda, amongst the buyers and
+sellers of stock, or those who are engaged in transferring it,
+all so eagerly occupied with their affairs, and showing their
+anxiety by their countenances.&nbsp; Where money is, there the
+crowd will be; and persons who go to the Bank should be careful
+lest their pockets be picked of such money as they may have
+received.</p>
+<h3><a name="page34"></a><span class="pagenum">p.
+34</span>34.&nbsp; St. Paul&rsquo;s Cathedral.</h3>
+<p style="text-align: center">
+<a href="images/pic34b.jpg">
+<img alt=
+"St. Paul&rsquo;s Cathedral"
+title=
+"St. Paul&rsquo;s Cathedral"
+src="images/pic34s.jpg" />
+</a></p>
+<p>This is a wonderfully fine building! and the
+countryman&rsquo;s amazement on first seeing it, is very
+naturally expressed in the following lines:</p>
+<blockquote><p>Of all the brave churches I ever did see,<br />
+Sure this seems the greatest and grandest to me!<br />
+What a wonderful place!&nbsp; I am full of surprise,<br />
+And hardly know how to believe my own eyes.<br />
+Why sure that gold cross at the top is so high,<br />
+That it must, now and then, prick a hole in the sky;<br />
+And, for my part, I should not be much in amaze,<br />
+If the moon should run foul of it, one of these days.</p>
+</blockquote>
+<p>It is not only the outside of this fine building that commands
+attention, but the inside also.&nbsp; The whispering gallery, the
+great bell, the library, and so many other curiosities are to be
+seen, that even to name the whole would require more space than
+we can afford in our little work.</p>
+<p>A young country gentleman, who was never before on any thing
+higher than a haystack, has now reached the top of St.
+Paul&rsquo;s, and is admiring the prospect from the iron
+gallery.</p>
+<blockquote><p>Well, certainly, this is a wonderful sight;<br />
+And pays one for climbing up here such a height.<br />
+<a name="page35"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 35</span>Dear, what
+a large city! and full, in all parts,<br />
+Of churches and houses, of horses and carts.<br />
+What hundreds of coaches, and thousands of folk!<br />
+And then, <i>above all</i>, what a very thick smoke!<br />
+I could stand here all <i>day</i> to behold this fine town;<br />
+Tho&rsquo;, as night&rsquo;s coming on, I had better go down.</p>
+</blockquote>
+<p>I think so too, young gentleman: and mind how you go along the
+dark staircase, for it would be a sad thing to fall down among
+that frightful scaffolding.&nbsp; Walk gently, and lay hold of
+the rail as you go along, and you will be safe enough.</p>
+<h3>35.&nbsp; The Blue-coat School, called Christ&rsquo;s
+Hospital.</h3>
+<p style="text-align: center">
+<a href="images/pic35b.jpg">
+<img alt=
+"The Blue-coat School"
+title=
+"The Blue-coat School"
+src="images/pic35s.jpg" />
+</a></p>
+<p>There are nearly one thousand children educated here at a
+time.&nbsp; The boys continue to wear the dress worn in the days
+of the virtuous and youthful prince, Edward the Sixth, who
+founded this school for orphans and other poor children.</p>
+<p>Their singular dress consists of a coat of blue cloth, formed
+something similar to a woman&rsquo;s gown; and in winter they
+wear a yellow woollen petticoat.&nbsp; Their stockings are of
+yellow worsted, and round their waist they buckle a red-leather
+<a name="page36"></a><span class="pagenum">p.
+36</span>girdle.&nbsp; They are also furnished with a round, flat
+woollen cap, about the size of a tea-saucer, which they generally
+carry under their arm.&nbsp; A pewter badge on their breast, and
+a clergyman&rsquo;s band round their neck, complete their antique
+uniform.</p>
+<h3>36.&nbsp; The enraged Ox.</h3>
+<p style="text-align: center">
+<a href="images/pic36b.jpg">
+<img alt=
+"The enraged Ox"
+title=
+"The enraged Ox"
+src="images/pic36s.jpg" />
+</a></p>
+<p>This is what might have been expected, my lad!&nbsp; You have
+been teasing and worrying that animal, till it is become quite
+furious, and now you must take the consequence.&nbsp; It was as
+tame and quiet as any ox in Smithfield, till you began to pull it
+by the tail, and beat it about the horns; and now, (as oxen do
+not know they ought not to be revengeful,) you cannot be
+surprised if it should give you a toss or two.&nbsp; Cruel folks
+are always cowardly, and it is no wonder to see you running away
+in such a dreadful fright.</p>
+<h3>37.&nbsp; The Dustman.</h3>
+<p style="text-align: center">
+<a href="images/pic37b.jpg">
+<img alt=
+"The Dustman"
+title=
+"The Dustman"
+src="images/pic37s.jpg" />
+</a></p>
+<blockquote><p>Bring out your dust, the dustman cries,<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp; Whilst ringing of his bell:<br />
+If the wind blows, pray guard your eyes,<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp; To keep them clear and well.</p>
+</blockquote>
+<p><a name="page37"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 37</span>A very
+useful set of men are these: they remove the dust and dirt from
+the houses in the city.&nbsp; It is a very profitable business;
+for, by sifting and sorting what is taken away, every thing
+becomes useful.&nbsp; There are frequently found cinders for
+firing, ashes and breeze for brickmakers: bones and old rags, tin
+and old iron, are carefully separated from oyster-shells and
+stones, which have their several purchasers.</p>
+<blockquote><p>My masters, I&rsquo;m dirty, nor can I be
+clean;<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp; My bus&rsquo;ness it would ill become,<br />
+With my face and hands clean in the streets to be seen,<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp; While I carry my shovel and broom.</p>
+</blockquote>
+<h3>38.&nbsp; The taking of Guy Fawkes.</h3>
+<p style="text-align: center">
+<a href="images/pic38b.jpg">
+<img alt=
+"The taking of Guy Fawkes"
+title=
+"The taking of Guy Fawkes"
+src="images/pic38s.jpg" />
+</a></p>
+<p>In one of the print-shops of London may be seen a
+representation of the taking of Guy Fawkes, in the reign of King
+James the First.&nbsp; In the year 1605, the plot to destroy the
+king and parliament was discovered, owing to an anonymous letter
+sent to Lord Monteagle.&nbsp; In a cellar under the
+parliament-house, there were found thirty-six barrels of
+gunpowder; upon which were laid bars of iron, massy stones,
+faggots, &amp;c.&nbsp; Near these Guy Fawkes was concealed, with
+a dark lantern and three <a name="page38"></a><span
+class="pagenum">p. 38</span>matches.&nbsp; He instantly confessed
+his guilt; and, with Sir Everard Digby, Catesby, and several
+others, was executed.</p>
+<h3>39.&nbsp; Guy Fawkes in Effigy.</h3>
+<p style="text-align: center">
+<a href="images/pic39b.jpg">
+<img alt=
+"Guy Fawkes in Effigy"
+title=
+"Guy Fawkes in Effigy"
+src="images/pic39s.jpg" />
+</a></p>
+<blockquote><p>Who comes riding hither, as black as a coal,<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp; With matches and old tinder-box,<br />
+And holding his lantern, a figure so droll?<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp; &rsquo;Tis nobody less than Guy Fawkes!</p>
+</blockquote>
+<p>Every parish in England formerly used to have its <i>Pope</i>
+or <i>Guy</i> carried about by idle men and boys on the 5th of
+November, who usually went from house to house, begging for money
+to make a bonfire and a feast.&nbsp; In many of the villages near
+London, there used to be two or more parties of large boys from
+different parts of the parish; and it frequently happened, that
+when one of them thought the other had encroached, by visiting
+such houses for money as were deemed out of their bounds, that
+battles were fought between them.&nbsp; Many were lamed in these
+affrays, and the treasurer to the weakest party has often been
+plundered of such money as had been collected.</p>
+<p>The people of England in general, of late <a
+name="page39"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 39</span>years, have
+discouraged these processions and riots, and they have become so
+insignificant, as to be noticed only by children.&nbsp; But even
+in the present time, some idle people will fire guns, and throw
+squibs into the streets, which have caused many serious
+accidents; and here seems some poor creature going to</p>
+<h3>40.&nbsp; Bartholomew&rsquo;s Hospital,</h3>
+<p style="text-align: center">
+<a href="images/pic40b.jpg">
+<img alt=
+"Bartholomew&rsquo;s Hospital"
+title=
+"Bartholomew&rsquo;s Hospital"
+src="images/pic40s.jpg" />
+</a></p>
+<p>Which is in West Smithfield, and where all persons
+accidentally injured, are admitted at any hour of the day or
+night, and carefully attended by skilful surgeons, and proper
+nurses.&nbsp; This hospital has long remained a monument of the
+piety of its founder, &mdash; Rahere, who was minstrel, or
+jester, to King Henry the First.&nbsp; Grown weary of the gay
+offices of his station, he reformed, founded a priory, and
+established this hospital for the sick and maimed.&nbsp; It was
+granted by King Henry the Eighth, on certain conditions, to the
+City of London, in the last year of his reign, for the same
+purposes as those of its original foundation.&nbsp; The present
+building was erected in the reign of George the Second, in
+1730.</p>
+<h3><a name="page40"></a><span class="pagenum">p.
+40</span>41.&nbsp; Smithfield Market</h3>
+<p style="text-align: center">
+<a href="images/pic41b.jpg">
+<img alt=
+"Smithfield Market"
+title=
+"Smithfield Market"
+src="images/pic41s.jpg" />
+</a></p>
+<p>Is in a large, open, square place, called West Smithfield;
+where is held, for three days in the week, a market for hay and
+straw; and the other three days for horses and cattle of all
+kinds, which make the place very dirty and inelegant in its
+appearance.&nbsp; Various have been the purposes, at different
+periods, to which this place has been applied, it having been
+equally devoted to festive joy, and extreme misery.&nbsp; Here,
+in the days of chivalry, the court and nobility held their
+gallant tilts and tournaments, with a magnificent parade,
+characteristic of the age.&nbsp; On the same spot, for a series
+of years, have been enjoyed by the lowest vulgar, the buffoonery
+humours of Bartholomew Fair, which was first granted by Henry the
+Second, to a neighbouring priory, as a mart for selling the
+commodities of the drapers of London, and clothiers of
+England.&nbsp; As other channels for the disposing of drapery
+goods arose, this fair, from a resort of business, became a
+meeting of pleasure.&nbsp; It continues three days, to the great
+annoyance of real trade and decorum; and a court of
+<i>pie-powder</i> is held daily, to settle the disputes of the
+people who frequent it.&nbsp; On the other hand, in ancient
+times, it was the <a name="page41"></a><span class="pagenum">p.
+41</span>common place of execution for criminals.&nbsp; In the
+centre of the place now enclosed with rails, many martyrs were
+burned at the stake, for their adherence to the reformed
+religion; and, lastly, it was the field of combat, when the guilt
+of the accused was attempted to be decided by duel.</p>
+<p>There has been of late years, a show of fat cattle annually at
+Smithfield, and the feeders of the best kinds have been rewarded
+with money, or a piece of valuable plate, which has greatly
+contributed to encourage the improvement of various breeds of
+sheep and cattle.</p>
+<h3>42.&nbsp; St. Dunstan&rsquo;s Church.</h3>
+<p style="text-align: center">
+<a href="images/pic42b.jpg">
+<img alt=
+"St. Dunstan&rsquo;s Church"
+title=
+"St. Dunstan&rsquo;s Church"
+src="images/pic42s.jpg" />
+</a></p>
+<p>This is in Fleet Street, and had a very narrow escape from the
+great fire of 1666, which stopped within three houses of
+it.&nbsp; There are two savage figures on the outside of the
+clock, that strike the quarters with their clubs, with which
+children and strangers are much amused.&nbsp; Dunstan, before he
+was made a saint, was well skilled in many arts: he was a good
+engraver and worker in brass and iron.&nbsp; He was supposed to
+be the inventor of the <i>Eolian Harp</i>, whose soft notes are
+produced by a current <a name="page42"></a><span
+class="pagenum">p. 42</span>of air causing the wires to
+vibrate.&nbsp; This was not comprehended by the vulgar; so, from
+being wiser than his neighbours, he was deemed a conjuror by
+them.</p>
+<h3>43.&nbsp; The Postman and Letter-Carrier.</h3>
+<p style="text-align: center">
+<a href="images/pic43b.jpg">
+<img alt=
+"The Postman and Letter-Carrier"
+title=
+"The Postman and Letter-Carrier"
+src="images/pic43s.jpg" />
+</a></p>
+<p>Make haste, my good lad, or the postman may be gone.&nbsp;
+These letter-carriers begin to ring a bell about five
+o&rsquo;clock every evening, and collect letters and newspapers
+in the several parts of the town, so as to be able to get to the
+General Post Office in time for sorting them for the
+mail-coaches.</p>
+<p>The gentleman&rsquo;s servant with the letter, seems to be
+sent from some lawyer in the Temple, as there is a view of the
+gardens and fountain.</p>
+<h3>44.&nbsp; The Temple</h3>
+<p>Is a place of residence for students of the common law,
+divided into two societies, called the Inner and the Middle
+Temple, which, with the other law-associations, are called Inns
+of <a name="page43"></a><span class="pagenum">p.
+43</span>Court.&nbsp; The buildings of the Temple are ample and
+numerous, with pleasant gardens extending to the shores of the
+Thames, which prove agreeable retreats to young persons who have
+been engaged in study.</p>
+<h3>45.&nbsp; The Knife-grinder.</h3>
+<p style="text-align: center">
+<a href="images/pic45b.jpg">
+<img alt=
+"The Knife-grinder"
+title=
+"The Knife-grinder"
+src="images/pic45s.jpg" />
+</a></p>
+<p>This man seems to be very busy, and it is but reasonable to
+suppose that he may meet with many employers amongst the students
+of the law, and the law-stationers, in and about the Temple: for
+as they use many pens, a sharp knife must be quite needful for
+mending them.&nbsp; But I think he does not confine himself to
+grinding knives only, but when wanting a job, he cries,
+&ldquo;Knives to grind!&nbsp; Scissors to grind!&nbsp; Razors to
+grind!&rdquo;</p>
+<p>Well! who would believe it? why, that is lazy Tom, turned
+knife-grinder at last!</p>
+<p>&ldquo;Ay, master, and I never was so happy in my life.&nbsp;
+I thought, like a foolish old fellow, that a beggar&rsquo;s life
+must at least be an easy one; but at last I found out, that,
+though I had nothing to do, I often had nothing to eat.&nbsp; So,
+one day, I thought to myself, thinks I, &lsquo;I&rsquo;ve a vast
+mind to bestir myself, and work <a name="page44"></a><span
+class="pagenum">p. 44</span>for my living, for after all this
+idling, I don&rsquo;t see that I am much of a gentleman for
+it.&rsquo;&nbsp; So I bought this grinding barrow, and began
+business for myself; and now I earn a comfortable living, and am
+as happy as the day is long:</p>
+<blockquote><p>&ldquo;And so every body who tries it, will
+find:<br />
+I wish you good morning, Sir&mdash;Scissors to grind!&rdquo;</p>
+</blockquote>
+<h3>46.&nbsp; The Chair-mender.</h3>
+<p style="text-align: center">
+<a href="images/pic46b.jpg">
+<img alt=
+"The Chair-mender"
+title=
+"The Chair-mender"
+src="images/pic46s.jpg" />
+</a></p>
+<blockquote><p>Old chairs to mend! old chairs to mend!<br />
+If I&rsquo;d as much money as I could spend,<br />
+I&rsquo;d leave off crying, old chairs to mend!</p>
+</blockquote>
+<p>Perhaps so, but then you might not be more healthy, useful, or
+happy, than at present.&nbsp; Exercise and sobriety contribute to
+health, and industry produces the means of procuring wealth
+sufficient to live in a comfortable manner.&nbsp; A
+chair-bottomer is a very useful man: he contributes to the ease
+and comfort of many of his employers; yet, one cannot help
+asking, Has every chair which wants a new bottom, been worn out
+fairly?&nbsp; What! have no little boys, or great girls, been
+standing up in them? <a name="page45"></a><span
+class="pagenum">p. 45</span>or drawing them up and down the house
+and yard, to wear out the rushes?</p>
+<p>During the war with Holland, rushes for bottoming chairs were
+very scarce and dear, so that the poor men in that line of
+business found a great difficulty to obtain materials and
+employment.</p>
+<p>This man, although he appears poor, yet he occupies the
+highest situation in the city of London, having taken his seat in
+Panyer Alley, leading from Newgate Street to Paternoster Row;
+where a stone is placed, in the wall of one of the houses, with
+the following inscription in old English verse:</p>
+<blockquote><p style="text-align: center"><span
+class="GutSmall">WHEN Y HAVE SOVGH</span><span
+class="GutSmall"><sup>T</sup></span><br />
+<span class="GutSmall">THE CITTY ROVND</span>,<br />
+<span class="GutSmall">YET STILL THS IS</span><br />
+<span class="GutSmall">THE HIGHS</span><span
+class="GutSmall"><sup>T</sup></span><span class="GutSmall">
+GROVND</span>.<br />
+<span class="GutSmall">AVGVST THE </span>27,<br />
+1688.</p>
+</blockquote>
+<h3>47.&nbsp; The News Boy and Flying Pieman.</h3>
+<p style="text-align: center">
+<a href="images/pic47b.jpg">
+<img alt=
+"The News Boy and Flying Pieman"
+title=
+"The News Boy and Flying Pieman"
+src="images/pic47s.jpg" />
+</a></p>
+<p>&ldquo;Great News!&nbsp; Great News!&rdquo;&nbsp; &ldquo;All
+Hot!&nbsp; Smoking Hot!&rdquo;&nbsp; These are two busy men,
+indeed; one cries food for the mind, and the other <a
+name="page46"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 46</span>food for the
+body.&nbsp; Neither of these tradesmen keep long in one
+place.&nbsp; The news-boy would be very glad to have a hot
+plumcake, but he has not time to eat it; nor will the pieman wait
+to hear what the news is.&nbsp; So that they are not only <i>busy
+men</i>, but what is very different, <i>men of
+business</i>.&nbsp; They are passing by <i>The Obelisk</i>, in
+Fleet Street, built by the City of London, on the spot which was
+once the centre of Fleet Ditch, which flowed as high as Holborn
+Bridge, under that part which Fleet Market is now built upon.</p>
+<h3>48.&nbsp; Blackfriars&rsquo; Bridge.</h3>
+<p style="text-align: center">
+<a href="images/pic48b.jpg">
+<img alt=
+"Blackfriars&rsquo; Bridge"
+title=
+"Blackfriars&rsquo; Bridge"
+src="images/pic48s.jpg" />
+</a></p>
+<p>Here we have a view of Blackfriars&rsquo; Bridge, and, from
+the great bustle there is upon the river, there seems to be a
+rowing match among several watermen.&nbsp; This bridge is a noble
+structure, consisting of nine arches, the centre one being one
+hundred feet wide.&nbsp; Over each pier is a recess, with seats
+for passengers on the bridge, supported by two beautiful Ionic
+pillars, which stand on a semi-circular projection, rising above
+high-water mark; and the whole <a name="page47"></a><span
+class="pagenum">p. 47</span>appears an admirable piece of
+workmanship, upon the water.&nbsp; This bridge was begun in the
+year 1760, from a design of Robert Mylne, Esq. the architect, and
+finished in about eight years, at the expence of rather more than
+one hundred and fifty thousand pounds.</p>
+<p>Blackfriars&rsquo; Bridge is a very pleasant place for a walk,
+especially on a fine summer&rsquo;s evening, when the air is
+still and serene, and the light pleasure-boats are gliding up and
+down the river with their gay companies.</p>
+<p>It is a beautiful sight to see the sun setting from this
+place: it shines upon the great dome of St. Paul&rsquo;s, in all
+its glory, and makes it look as if it were made of gold.&nbsp;
+The watermen are always waiting about the bridges, and keep a
+brisk cry of Boat! boat, who wants a boat?&nbsp; Oars, Sir!
+sculler, Sir!</p>
+<h3>49.&nbsp; Temple Bar.</h3>
+<p style="text-align: center">
+<a href="images/pic49b.jpg">
+<img alt=
+"Temple Bar"
+title=
+"Temple Bar"
+src="images/pic49s.jpg" />
+</a></p>
+<p>Temple Bar is a noble gateway of stone, with a large arch in
+the centre for carriages, and a covered path on each side for
+foot-passengers.&nbsp; It is now the only gate standing, except
+St. John&rsquo;s Gate, Smithfield, out of the <a
+name="page48"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 48</span>many formerly
+used at the several principal entries into the city.&nbsp; On
+some public occasions, as, when the king or any of the royal
+family come into the city, or on a proclamation of peace, this
+gate is shut and opened with great formality.&nbsp; On the latter
+occasion, the gates of Temple Bar are shut, to show that the
+jurisdiction of the city is under the Lord Mayor.&nbsp; The
+knight-marshal, with his officers, having reached this barrier of
+city authority, the trumpets are sounded thrice; and the junior
+officer of arms riding up to the gate, knocks with a cane.&nbsp;
+The city marshal within demands, &ldquo;Who comes
+there?&rdquo;&nbsp; The herald replies, &ldquo;The officers of
+arms, who ask entrance into the city, to publish his
+majesty&rsquo;s proclamation of peace.&rdquo;&nbsp; On this the
+gates are opened, and he alone is admitted; when, being conducted
+to the Lord Mayor, he shows the royal warrant, which his lordship
+having read and returned, he orders the city marshal to open the
+gates.&nbsp; This being done, the heralds resume their places;
+and the procession, joined by the city magistrates, proceeds to
+the Royal Exchange, where the proclamation is read.</p>
+<p>The very great improvements already made from Temple Bar
+towards St. James&rsquo;s, have cost so considerable a sum of
+money, that the <a name="page49"></a><span class="pagenum">p.
+49</span>destruction of this gate, or bar, has been delayed much
+longer than was expected.&nbsp; The upper part of it was used of
+late years as an office for publishing the Star newspaper.</p>
+<p>Shortly after the rebellion of 1745, the heads of three rebel
+noblemen were fixed on three poles, on the top of the gate, where
+they remained till they decayed, or were blown down by a high
+wind.</p>
+<h3>50.&nbsp; The Paviors.</h3>
+<p style="text-align: center">
+<a href="images/pic50b.jpg">
+<img alt=
+"The Paviors"
+title=
+"The Paviors"
+src="images/pic50s.jpg" />
+</a></p>
+<p>When we see a rope, with a wisp of straw tied to it, across
+the street, no carriage should attempt to pass, for that is the
+pavior&rsquo;s signal that the road is stopped, by their being at
+work on the stones.&nbsp; And hard work it seems to be, to use
+the heavy rammer.</p>
+<blockquote><p>&ldquo;Does not each walker know the warning
+sign,<br />
+When wisps of straw depend upon the twine<br />
+Cross the close street, that then the pavior&rsquo;s art<br />
+Renews the way, denied to coach or cart?<br />
+For thee the sturdy pavior thumps the ground,<br />
+Whilst every stroke his labouring lungs resound.&rdquo;</p>
+</blockquote>
+<p>The stones for paving London are mostly brought from the
+quarries of Scotland, by ships; <a name="page50"></a><span
+class="pagenum">p. 50</span>and very few towns or cities in
+Europe are better paved than the City of London.&nbsp; Indeed,
+every year seems to add improvements, for the health and comfort
+of the inhabitants.</p>
+<p>The country farmer, who has been used to nothing but ploughed
+fields, and uneven, rutted lanes, or, at best, to the rough
+gravel of a cross-country road, would be surprised to see the
+streets of London paved as neatly as Farmer Furrowdale&rsquo;s
+kitchen, and the lamps lighted as regularly every evening, as
+that in the great hall at the &rsquo;squires.&nbsp; And now, by
+the introduction of gas, the principal streets are very
+brilliantly illuminated, without the aid of tallow, oil, or
+cotton.</p>
+<h3>51.&nbsp; Westminster Abbey.</h3>
+<p style="text-align: center">
+<a href="images/pic51b.jpg">
+<img alt=
+"Westminster Abbey"
+title=
+"Westminster Abbey"
+src="images/pic51s.jpg" />
+</a></p>
+<p>There seems to be one more great person removed from this
+life, and going in a hearse with six horses, to his last
+home.&nbsp; Westminster Abbey is a fine Gothic pile, and was
+founded by <i>Sebert</i>, king of the East Saxons, but at what
+time is uncertain.&nbsp; In this place the kings and queens of
+England have been crowned, ever since the days of Pope Nicholas
+<a name="page51"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 51</span>the
+Second, who appointed it for their inauguration.&nbsp; The
+coronation chairs are kept here, and the seat of the most ancient
+one is the stone on which the kings of Scotland used to be
+crowned, brought to Westminster by Edward the First.</p>
+<p>The great number of monuments, and other curiosities of this
+venerable building, with the variety of pavements and chapels,
+are well worthy of a visit from every enquiring stranger; but the
+insertion of a full description here, would be more than can be
+expected.</p>
+<h3>52.&nbsp; The Tombs.</h3>
+<p style="text-align: center">
+<a href="images/pic52b.jpg">
+<img alt=
+"The Tombs"
+title=
+"The Tombs"
+src="images/pic52s.jpg" />
+</a></p>
+<p>There is a Westminster scholar, and he appears to be
+explaining the particulars of some Latin inscription, to his
+mother and sister, who have called to see him.&nbsp; Methinks I
+hear the lady say, &ldquo;See, my dear children, what the richest
+and greatest come to at last.&nbsp; Rich and poor, high and low,
+must all be laid in the grave; and though this noble monument
+appears very grand to the living, it makes no difference to
+&lsquo;the poor inhabitant below,&rsquo; whether he lies <a
+name="page52"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 52</span>beneath a
+beautiful pile of white marble, or has only a few green osiers
+bound over his grave.&rdquo;</p>
+<h3>53.&nbsp; Westminster Bridge</h3>
+<p style="text-align: center">
+<a href="images/pic53b.jpg">
+<img alt=
+"Westminster Bridge"
+title=
+"Westminster Bridge"
+src="images/pic53s.jpg" />
+</a></p>
+<p>Is admired both for the grandeur and simplicity which are
+united in its several parts.&nbsp; Henry, Earl of Pembroke,
+promoted the erection of this bridge, and laid the first stone,
+in the beginning of the year 1739.&nbsp; It has thirteen arches,
+exclusive of a very small one at each end.&nbsp; The foundation
+is laid on a solid bed of gravel, and the piers are solid blocks
+of Portland stone, uniting strength with neatness.&nbsp; It was
+eight years and three quarters in completing, and cost
+&pound;389,500 being more than double the cost of
+Blackfriars&rsquo;.&nbsp; Westminster Bridge was opened for
+carriages about midnight, by a procession of gentlemen, the chief
+artificers, and a multitude of spectators.&nbsp; The architect
+was not a native of this country: his name was Labelye.</p>
+<p>Not far from the bridge, in old Palace Yard, stands
+Westminster Hall.</p>
+<h3><a name="page53"></a><span class="pagenum">p.
+53</span>54.&nbsp; Westminster Hall</h3>
+<p style="text-align: center">
+<a href="images/pic54b.jpg">
+<img alt=
+"Westminster Hall"
+title=
+"Westminster Hall"
+src="images/pic54s.jpg" />
+</a></p>
+<p>Is thought to be the largest room in Europe unsupported by
+pillars, being two hundred and seventy feet in length, and
+seventy-four in breadth.&nbsp; The roof is of curious workmanship
+in oak, and reminds the beholders of a grove of trees, whose top
+branches extend toward each other till they unite.&nbsp; A great
+feast was held in this vast apartment, and other rooms of the
+palace, in the days of King Richard the Second, who is said to
+have entertained ten thousand guests, with his usual
+hospitality.</p>
+<p>This hall was the court of justice in which the sovereign
+presided in person.&nbsp; Hence the Court of King&rsquo;s Bench
+took its name.&nbsp; Charles the First was tried here, and
+condemned to suffer death by his own subjects.&nbsp; The trial of
+peers, or of any person impeached by the Commons, has been
+usually held here; and the coronation feasts have been celebrated
+therein for many ages.</p>
+<p>The ground on which the hall stands is so near to the water,
+that on several high tides <a name="page54"></a><span
+class="pagenum">p. 54</span>the Thames has overflowed the hall,
+the courts of justice have been broken up prematurely, and the
+people conveyed away in boats.</p>
+<h3>55.&nbsp; The Lamplighter.</h3>
+<p style="text-align: center">
+<a href="images/pic55b.jpg">
+<img alt=
+"The Lamplighter"
+title=
+"The Lamplighter"
+src="images/pic55s.jpg" />
+</a></p>
+<p>Perhaps the streets of no city in the world are so well
+lighted as those of London, there being lamps on each side of the
+way, but a few yards distant from each other.&nbsp; It is said
+that a foreign ambassador happening to enter London in the
+evening, after the lamps were lighted, was so struck with the
+brilliancy of the scene, that he imagined the streets had been
+illuminated expressly in honour of his arrival.&nbsp; What would
+he have thought, had he passed through the lustre which is shed
+at present by the gas lights, from so many of our shops, and from
+the lamps in the streets?&nbsp; The Lamplighters are a useful set
+of men; and they are liable to many accidents while engaged in
+their dangerous occupation.&nbsp; In the winter, the
+foot-pavement is frequently so slippery, that they often fall and
+are maimed, by the ladder&rsquo;s sliding from under them; or
+sometimes a careless passenger runs against the ladder and throws
+<a name="page55"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 55</span>them
+down.&nbsp; But one of their greatest difficulties is a high
+wind.&nbsp; In October, 1812, a poor man, named Burke, who had
+been many years in that employment, as he was lighting the lamps
+on the east side of Blackfriars&rsquo; Bridge, was, by a sudden
+gust of wind, blown into the river, in presence of his son, a
+child of ten years old, and before assistance could be procured,
+he sunk to rise no more.</p>
+<h3>56.&nbsp; The Watchman.</h3>
+<p style="text-align: center">
+<a href="images/pic56b.jpg">
+<img alt=
+"The Watchman"
+title=
+"The Watchman"
+src="images/pic56s.jpg" />
+</a></p>
+<p>This man has a comfortable great coat, a lantern, and a
+rattle, with a large stick to attack thieves.&nbsp; I suppose my
+readers would think it very wrong of him to sleep, and suffer
+thieves to do as they please; and so it would.&nbsp; But I hope
+no one will blame the watchman, and do as bad himself; for I have
+known some little folks, who have had books and teachers, and
+good advice also, that have not made use of any of them.&nbsp;
+Indeed, sometimes when their teachers were looking at them, they
+would appear to be very busy and attentive for a little while;
+but when no one watched them, they would do as little as a
+watchman when he takes a nap.</p>
+<h3><a name="page56"></a><span class="pagenum">p.
+56</span>57.&nbsp; The Link-boy.</h3>
+<p style="text-align: center">
+<a href="images/pic57b.jpg">
+<img alt=
+"The Link-boy"
+title=
+"The Link-boy"
+src="images/pic57s.jpg" />
+</a></p>
+<p>The Link-boys are often on the watch, with their large
+torches, at dark crossings and lanes, to light passengers through
+them.&nbsp; They deserve the reward of a few halfpence, from
+those whom they assist.</p>
+<h3>58.&nbsp; The Sedan Chair.</h3>
+<p style="text-align: center">
+<a href="images/pic58b.jpg">
+<img alt=
+"The Sedan Chair"
+title=
+"The Sedan Chair"
+src="images/pic58s.jpg" />
+</a></p>
+<p>This mode of riding is now but seldom seen, though formerly it
+was frequently in use.&nbsp; Now, Sedan Chairs are used only by
+the sick and weakly, or by the nobility and others, who attend at
+the levees at court.&nbsp; As for us poor authors, we must adopt
+the plan of riding when we must, and walking while we can.</p>
+<h3>59.&nbsp; The Milkmaid.</h3>
+<p style="text-align: center">
+<a href="images/pic59b.jpg">
+<img alt=
+"The milkmaid"
+title=
+"The milkmaid"
+src="images/pic59s.jpg" />
+</a></p>
+<p>If any of my little readers wish to be as healthy and merry as
+Betty the milkmaid, they must work hard, and rise early in the
+morning, instead of lying in bed while every body else <a
+name="page57"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 57</span>is about his
+business, and idling their time till they go to bed again.&nbsp;
+Betty is obliged to get up as soon as it is light, and then takes
+a walk into the fields to fetch her cows.&nbsp; When she has
+milked their full udders into her clean pails, she sets off
+again, and carries it from door to door, time enough for her
+customers to have it for breakfast.&nbsp; As every one knows the
+business of a milkmaid, I shall say no more about it; but advise
+those to remember her example, who wish to make themselves happy
+or useful.</p>
+<h3>60.&nbsp; The Sailors and Ship.</h3>
+<p style="text-align: center">
+<a href="images/pic60b.jpg">
+<img alt=
+"The Sailors and Ship"
+title=
+"The Sailors and Ship"
+src="images/pic60s.jpg" />
+</a></p>
+<p>Tom Hazard was an unthinking boy, and would not settle to any
+business at home, and so ventured one day in a frolic to go on
+the water with a party of young folks; and, as Tom staid out late
+at night, he was met on coming ashore by a press-gang, who took
+him on board a man-of-war, from which, after some time, he made
+his escape, and entered on board the <i>Desperate</i> Privateer,
+hazarding his life for a golden chain, or a broken limb.&nbsp;
+And now, poor fellow, when it is too late, he sorely laments his
+situation, for, having lost a leg, he wanders <a
+name="page58"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 58</span>with some of
+his companions, and joins in their mournful ditty.</p>
+<blockquote><p>We poor sailors, lame and blind,<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp; Now your charity would sue;<br />
+Treat us not with words unkind,<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp; But a spark of pity shew.</p>
+<p>Where the stormy billows roar,<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp; Many a year we plough&rsquo;d the main:<br />
+Far, to east or western shore,<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp; Luxuries for you to gain.</p>
+<p>Far from friends and houses warm,<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp; (Comforts such as you can boast,)<br />
+We have braved the howling storm,<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp; Shipwreck&rsquo;d on a desert coast.</p>
+<p>Many a hardship have we known;<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp; Round and round the world we&rsquo;ve past;<br />
+Now, our limbs and eye-sight gone,<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp; Come to beggary at last!</p>
+</blockquote>
+<h3>61.&nbsp; The Admiralty Office.</h3>
+<p style="text-align: center">
+<a href="images/pic61b.jpg">
+<img alt=
+"The Admiralty Office"
+title=
+"The Admiralty Office"
+src="images/pic61s.jpg" />
+</a></p>
+<p>This is in that part of the street between Charing Cross and
+Parliament Street which is called White Hall, Westminster, having
+capacious apartments for the Lords Commissioners <a
+name="page59"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 59</span>of the
+Admiralty, who direct the affairs of the navy.&nbsp; The
+telegraph receives information, and gives instructions, in fair
+weather, to the various commanders of ships at the different
+sea-ports.&nbsp; This invention was first practised with success
+in France, and is admirably contrived to convey intelligence in a
+very expeditious manner.</p>
+<h3>62.&nbsp; The Sailing Match.</h3>
+<p style="text-align: center">
+<a href="images/pic62b.jpg">
+<img alt=
+"The Sailing Match"
+title=
+"The Sailing Match"
+src="images/pic62s.jpg" />
+</a></p>
+<p>Take care, my lads, not to crowd too much sail, or the boat
+may upset!&nbsp; There they go! from Blackfriars&rsquo; Bridge,
+through Westminster Bridge, to Vauxhall, and back again.&nbsp;
+What a number of boats there are on the water!&nbsp; Let us hope
+no lives will be lost, for it seems rather dangerous to be near
+such fast-sailing boats in a loaded wherry; and, as it is much
+the safest to be on shore, we would recommend every little boy or
+girl to keep off the water at such times.</p>
+<h3>63.&nbsp; The drowned Boy.</h3>
+<p style="text-align: center">
+<a href="images/pic63b.jpg">
+<img alt=
+"The downed boy"
+title=
+"The downed boy"
+src="images/pic63s.jpg" />
+</a></p>
+<p>Ah, silly lad! he would go out of his depth, though he knew he
+was not a skilful swimmer; <a name="page60"></a><span
+class="pagenum">p. 60</span>and see what has been the
+consequence!&nbsp; He was seized with the cramp, when he had been
+a few minutes in the water, and began to sink directly.&nbsp; His
+brave companion jumped in after him, at the risk of his own life,
+and has brought him back, quite senseless, to the boat.&nbsp; How
+distressed his poor brother looks! and how anxious to see whether
+there is any life left in him.</p>
+<p>There is a society in London, of which Dr. Hawes and Dr.
+Lettsom were the founders, for the purpose of recommending the
+best means to be used for recovering drowned persons.&nbsp; It is
+called the Humane Society.&nbsp; They have houses placed at
+proper distances by the river-side, where assistance may be had
+instantly; and every possible means are tried for many hours,
+before they give any one quite over.&nbsp; Numbers have been
+restored to life by this benevolent institution; and there is a
+sermon preached once a year, before the Society, when many who
+have been brought to life by this means are present: it is a very
+affecting spectacle.</p>
+<p>Let us hope they will take this poor boy to one of these
+places, and perhaps he may yet be restored to his family.</p>
+<h3><a name="page61"></a><span class="pagenum">p.
+61</span>64.&nbsp; The General Post-office,</h3>
+<p style="text-align: center">
+<a href="images/pic64b.jpg">
+<img alt=
+"The General Post-office"
+title=
+"The General Post-office"
+src="images/pic64s.jpg" />
+</a></p>
+<p>In St. Martin&rsquo;s le Grand.&nbsp; The front of this fine
+building is 380 feet long, and is ornamented with three Ionic
+porticos.&nbsp; The post-office is one of the most busy spots in
+London, and is the most perfect system of commercial convenience
+which has ever been formed under any government.&nbsp; It
+receives letters from all parts of our own country, as well as
+from every civilized nation in the world, and forwards them to
+their destination with the utmost regularity.</p>
+<p>In front of the central portico, I see, there is one of the
+mail-coaches for the conveyance of letters.&nbsp; These coaches
+travel at the rate of eight miles an hour, including stoppages:
+they carry also passengers and parcels.</p>
+<h3>65.&nbsp; Southwark Bridge.</h3>
+<p style="text-align: center">
+<a href="images/pic65b.jpg">
+<img alt=
+"Southwark Bridge"
+title=
+"Southwark Bridge"
+src="images/pic65s.jpg" />
+</a></p>
+<p>This grand fabric was constructed of cast-iron, under the
+direction of John Rennie, Esq.&nbsp; It consists of three immense
+arches.&nbsp; The centre arch spans 240 feet, and the two others
+210 feet each.&nbsp; The weight of iron is more than 5308
+tons.&nbsp; The abutments are of stone.&nbsp; The <a
+name="page62"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 62</span>bridge forms
+a communication from the bottom of Queen Street, to Bankside,
+Southwark.&nbsp; It was begun in September, 1814, and was
+completed, and opened for public use, in March, 1819.&nbsp; The
+entire expense incurred by the building of this bridge was
+&pound;80,000.</p>
+<h3>66.&nbsp; Waterloo Bridge</h3>
+<p style="text-align: center">
+<a href="images/pic66b.jpg">
+<img alt=
+"Waterloo Bridge"
+title=
+"Waterloo Bridge"
+src="images/pic66s.jpg" />
+</a></p>
+<p>Is built of a very hard kind of stone called granite.&nbsp;
+This bridge was commenced in 1811, and completed in 1817.&nbsp;
+The road-way of the bridge is level, which is very favourable to
+the draught of carriages.&nbsp; It has nine fine arches, 120 feet
+span.&nbsp; The piers are twenty feet thick, ornamented with
+Tuscan columns.&nbsp; This building was constructed under the
+superintendence of the late John Rennie, Esq.&nbsp; The opening
+of this bridge to the public was conducted with unusual grandeur,
+on the 18th of June, 1817; being the anniversary of the battle of
+Waterloo, his late Majesty, then Prince Regent, and the Duke of
+Wellington, with grand military cavalcade, attending.</p>
+<p>Near the foot of Waterloo Bridge, in the Strand, stands</p>
+<h3><a name="page63"></a><span class="pagenum">p.
+63</span>67.&nbsp; The Royal Academy, Somerset House.</h3>
+<p style="text-align: center">
+<a href="images/pic67b.jpg">
+<img alt=
+"The Royal Academy"
+title=
+"The Royal Academy"
+src="images/pic67s.jpg" />
+</a></p>
+<p>This academy of fine arts was established by royal charter in
+1768.&nbsp; The academy consists of forty academicians, twenty
+associates, and six associate engravers.&nbsp; Sir Joshua
+Reynolds was the first president.&nbsp; They make a grand annual
+exhibition of paintings, sculptures, &amp;c. which commences in
+May, and generally continues open about six weeks.</p>
+<h3>68.&nbsp; Covent Garden.</h3>
+<p style="text-align: center">
+<a href="images/pic68b.jpg">
+<img alt=
+"Covent Garden"
+title=
+"Covent Garden"
+src="images/pic68s.jpg" />
+</a></p>
+<p>Now we have a view of Covent Garden Market, where plants,
+fruit, and flowers of every kind, are brought for sale from the
+country.&nbsp; By four o&rsquo;clock in a summer&rsquo;s morning,
+it is completely full of the most rare and beautiful plants that
+can be grown in England, either in open nurseries, or in the
+hot-house and green-house: and, what with the number of busy
+people buying and selling; the carts going to and fro, laden with
+flowers, fruit, and vegetables of all sorts; the beauty and <a
+name="page64"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 64</span>gaiety of the
+different plants, and the sweetness of their odours, it is
+altogether a most delightful scene.&nbsp; The Londoners cannot
+take a country walk whenever they please, and enjoy the green
+fields and wild hedge-flowers, in the open air; but they may
+supply themselves here with every kind of beautiful plants, for a
+garden within doors; and to those who have a little knowledge of
+botany, it must be not only an entertaining, but even a useful
+amusement.</p>
+<h3>69.&nbsp; The British Museum</h3>
+<p style="text-align: center">
+<a href="images/pic69b.jpg">
+<img alt=
+"The British Museum"
+title=
+"The British Museum"
+src="images/pic69s.jpg" />
+</a></p>
+<p>Was formerly the residence of the Dukes of Montague: it is now
+the national museum for every kind of curiosity.&nbsp; Indeed,
+they are so various, both natural and artificial, that it would
+require a very large book to give even a very short account of
+them.&nbsp; Here are such a multitude of animals of all kinds,
+birds, beasts, fishes, shells, butterflies, insects, books both
+ancient and modern, precious stones, medals, &amp;c. that, in
+fact, the only way to form an idea of them, is to see them.</p>
+<h3><a name="page65"></a><span class="pagenum">p.
+65</span>70.&nbsp; Charing Cross.</h3>
+<p style="text-align: center">
+<a href="images/pic65b.jpg">
+<img alt=
+"Charing Cross"
+title=
+"Charing Cross"
+src="images/pic65s.jpg" />
+</a></p>
+<blockquote><p>Here, upon his brazen horse,<br />
+Sits Charles the First at Charing Cross.</p>
+</blockquote>
+<p>This spot was formerly known as a village named
+<i>Charing</i>, near London, in which King Edward the First
+placed a magnificent cross, in memory of his beloved queen
+Eleanor, <a name="citation65"></a><a href="#footnote65"
+class="citation">[65]</a> which cross was destroyed by the fury
+of the reformers, who regarded it as an object of
+superstition.&nbsp; <i>Le Sueur</i>, a French artist, cast a fine
+statue in brass, of Charles the First on horseback, which was
+erected in place of the cross.&nbsp; When Cromwell ruled, this
+statue was sold to one <i>Revet</i>, a brazier, on condition of
+his melting it, as the parliament had ordered that it should be
+destroyed.&nbsp; Revet made a fortune by this statue, casting a
+vast number of articles in bronze, as if made out of his
+purchase, which <a name="page66"></a><span class="pagenum">p.
+66</span>were eagerly bought by those desirous of having a
+memorial of their prince; and by others, from the pleasure of
+mean triumph over fallen royalty.&nbsp; Revet, however, had not
+destroyed the statue, but kept it buried in the earth; and
+Charles the Second, on his restoration, caused it to be erected
+again.</p>
+<h3>71.&nbsp; Carleton House,</h3>
+<p style="text-align: center">
+<a href="images/pic71b.jpg">
+<img alt=
+"Carleton House"
+title=
+"Carleton House"
+src="images/pic71s.jpg" />
+</a></p>
+<p>Which has been pulled down since our plate was engraved, was a
+very grand palace.&nbsp; It stood in Pall Mall, exactly opposite
+Waterloo Place.&nbsp; This was the town-residence of his late
+Majesty: it was furnished with the most elegant and splendid
+taste, and was said to be the most beautiful in its decorations
+of any royal residence in Europe.</p>
+<h3>72.&nbsp; The Quadrant, Regent Street.</h3>
+<p style="text-align: center">
+<a href="images/pic72b.jpg">
+<img alt=
+"The Quadrant, Regent Street"
+title=
+"The Quadrant, Regent Street"
+src="images/pic72s.jpg" />
+</a></p>
+<p>This is one of the most beautiful of the new improvements at
+the west end of the town, and is thought to be the most singular
+and magnificent <a name="page67"></a><span class="pagenum">p.
+67</span>line of streets in the world.&nbsp; At the entrance of
+the Quadrant stands the County Fire Office.&nbsp; The Building is
+surmounted by a colossal statue of Britannia, behind which is an
+observatory, which affords a view over London and the surrounding
+villages; the purpose of which is, that, on an alarm of fire, the
+managing director may ascertain the position in which it lies,
+and send the engines, which are kept at the back of the
+building.</p>
+<h3>73.&nbsp; The Funeral.</h3>
+<p style="text-align: center">
+<a href="images/pic73b.jpg">
+<img alt=
+"The funeral"
+title=
+"The funeral"
+src="images/pic73s.jpg" />
+</a></p>
+<p>The kind and loving mother of those two children is dead, and
+going to the grave!&nbsp; It is too late now to be dutiful to
+her, for she cannot open her eyes to look at you, they are shut
+for ever; it is too late to do as she bid you, for her lips are
+closed, and she cannot speak: it is too late to wait upon her
+now, for she no longer requires your assistance!&nbsp; O, little
+girl and little boy, if your dear mamma be still alive, be very
+kind and dutiful to her before this sorrowful day comes; or else
+it will be too late to do any thing for <i>her</i>, but cry very
+bitterly over her grave.</p>
+<h3><a name="page68"></a><span class="pagenum">p.
+68</span>74.&nbsp; The Charity Children.</h3>
+<p style="text-align: center">
+<a href="images/pic74b.jpg">
+<img alt=
+"The Charity Children"
+title=
+"The Charity Children"
+src="images/pic74s.jpg" />
+</a></p>
+<p>These charity children are coming from church, with the two
+parish-beadles before them.&nbsp; Several thousands of poor
+children are taught to read, work, and write, in the different
+charity-schools of London, and to do their duty to God and to
+their neighbours; which will enable them to become respectable in
+this world, and tend to make them happy in the next.</p>
+<p>Once a year, about six thousand charity children, dressed in
+uniforms of different colours, assemble in St. Paul&rsquo;s
+Cathedral, on benches raised to a great height one above the
+other, circularly, under the dome.&nbsp; The order with which
+each school finds its own situation, and the union of so many
+voices, all raised at one moment to the praise of their great
+Creator, as they chant the hundredth psalm on the entrance of the
+clergyman, cause a most delightful and affecting sensation in the
+minds of the spectators.&nbsp; The solemnity of the place, and
+the hope that so much innocence, under such protection, would be
+reared to virtue and happiness, must add greatly to the
+effect.</p>
+<p>This uncommon scene is well described in the following
+lines.</p>
+<blockquote><p><a name="page69"></a><span class="pagenum">p.
+69</span>&rsquo;Twas in the pleasant month of June, their hands
+and faces clean,<br />
+The children walking two and two, in red, and blue, and green;<br
+/>
+Grey-headed beadles walked before, with wands as white as
+snow,<br />
+Till into the high dome of St. Paul&rsquo;s, they, like
+Thames&rsquo; waters, flow.<br />
+Oh! what a multitude they seem&rsquo;d, these flowers of London
+town!<br />
+Seated in companies they sit, with radiance all their own!</p>
+<p>The hum of multitudes was there, but multitudes of lambs;<br
+/>
+Thousands of little boys and girls, raising their innocent
+hands;<br />
+Now like a mighty wind they raise to heaven the voice of song,<br
+/>
+Or like harmonious thunderings, the seats of heav&rsquo;n
+among.<br />
+Beneath them sit the aged men, wise guardians of the poor:<br />
+Then cherish pity, lest you drive an angel from your door.</p>
+</blockquote>
+<h3><a name="page70"></a><span class="pagenum">p.
+70</span>75.&nbsp; Highgate Tunnel.</h3>
+<p style="text-align: center">
+<a href="images/pic75b.jpg">
+<img alt=
+"Highgate Tunnel"
+title=
+"Highgate Tunnel"
+src="images/pic75s.jpg" />
+</a></p>
+<p>This grand excavation was made in 1821, through the eastern
+side of Highgate-hill, for the purpose of easing the draught of
+horses in passing in this direction.&nbsp; There is also a grand
+archway across, over the Tunnel, which connects Highgate with
+Hornsey.</p>
+<h3>76.&nbsp; Watering the Streets.</h3>
+<p style="text-align: center">
+<a href="images/pic76b.jpg">
+<img alt=
+"Watering the streets"
+title=
+"Watering the streets"
+src="images/pic76s.jpg" />
+</a></p>
+<p>London streets, in dry weather, are very dusty; this, when the
+wind blows briskly, annoys not only the eyes of those who walk,
+and of those who ride, but spoils the look of many a joint of
+meat.&nbsp; Pastry-cooks&rsquo; and many other shops are much
+hurt by the dust; so that, at an early hour in the morning, many
+streets are watered by means of a scoop, and water pent up in the
+kennels, on each side of the carriageway.</p>
+<h3>77.&nbsp; Little Boy at the Crossing.</h3>
+<p style="text-align: center">
+<a href="images/pic77b.jpg">
+<img alt=
+"Little boy at the crossing"
+title=
+"Little boy at the crossing"
+src="images/pic77s.jpg" />
+</a></p>
+<blockquote><p>That&rsquo;s right, sweep away there, my good
+little man,<br />
+And earn a few halfpence, whenever you can.</p>
+</blockquote>
+<p><a name="page71"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 71</span>Many of
+the crossings in London streets are often very dirty, and some
+little lads, who prefer doing even a dirty job to being idle, put
+down a board for the passengers to walk upon, which they sweep
+clean continually from mud or snow.&nbsp; They do not forget to
+hold their hats to those who make use of this convenience; and
+good-natured people seldom fail to drop a halfpenny into them,
+like the gentleman in the picture.</p>
+<p>Though some persons may be incommoded by wet weather, yet the
+poor little street-sweeper, the hackney-coachman, the dealer in
+umbrellas, and various other tradesmen in London, are much
+benefited by it; and in the country it is often welcome to the
+farmer, whose corn and grass are made to grow by the timely
+succession of wet and dry, heat and cold.</p>
+<h3>78.&nbsp; The Flower-pot Man.</h3>
+<p style="text-align: center">
+<a href="images/pic78b.jpg">
+<img alt=
+"The Flower-pot man"
+title=
+"The Flower-pot man"
+src="images/pic78s.jpg" />
+</a></p>
+<blockquote><p>Here comes the old man with his flowers to
+sell,<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp; Along the streets merrily going;<br />
+Full many a year I&rsquo;ve remember&rsquo;d him well,<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp; With, &ldquo;<i>Flowers</i>, <i>a growing</i>, <i>a
+blowing</i>!&rdquo;</p>
+<p><a name="page72"></a><span class="pagenum">p.
+72</span>Geraniums, in dresses of scarlet and green;<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp; Thick aloes, that blossom so rarely;<br />
+The long creeping cereus with prickles so keen;<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp; Or primroses modest and early.</p>
+<p>The myrtle dark green, and the jessamine pale,<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp; Sweet scented and gracefully flowing,<br />
+This flower-man carries and offers for sale,<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp; &ldquo;<i>All flourishing</i>, <i>growing</i>,
+<i>and blowing</i>!&rdquo;</p>
+</blockquote>
+<h3>79.&nbsp; The Waterman, the Ticket Porter, and Fellowship
+Porter.</h3>
+<p style="text-align: center">
+<a href="images/pic79b.jpg">
+<img alt=
+"The Waterman, the Ticket Porter, and Fellowship Porter"
+title=
+"The Waterman, the Ticket Porter, and Fellowship Porter"
+src="images/pic79s.jpg" />
+</a></p>
+<p>The privilege of working as a waterman on the river Thames, is
+only to be obtained by servitude or birth-right; and freemen only
+can work as porters in the city, for which they wear a ticket as
+a badge of privilege, and on which their names are stamped and
+numbered; but the privilege of bringing salt, fish, coals, fruit,
+and other goods on shore, from ships, boats, or barges, belongs
+to the Company of Fellowship Porters.&nbsp; All the firemen in
+London must be watermen or lightermen.</p>
+<h3><a name="page73"></a><span class="pagenum">p.
+73</span>80.&nbsp; The Coach-stand.</h3>
+<p style="text-align: center">
+<a href="images/pic80b.jpg">
+<img alt=
+"The Coach-stand"
+title=
+"The Coach-stand"
+src="images/pic80s.jpg" />
+</a></p>
+<p>Nothing can exceed the noise, bustle, and hurry, of the
+streets of London, where carriages are passing backward and
+forward during the whole day, and most of the night.&nbsp; Carts
+are creaking under heavy loads of merchandise, mail-coaches are
+driving to and from the post-office with the letter-bags, and
+more than a thousand hackney-coaches and chariots are sometimes
+in motion at once on a rainy day.&nbsp; These are a great
+convenience in London; for, to whatever part of the town you may
+wish to go, you have only to beckon to a coachman, and</p>
+<blockquote><p>He&rsquo;ll drive you home quickly, and when you
+are there,<br />
+You have nothing to do but to pay him his <i>fare</i>.</p>
+</blockquote>
+<p>That gentleman and lady have called to a coachman to take them
+home; and the waterman, who attends on hackney-coaches and their
+employers, seems to be enquiring where they are going.&nbsp; We
+would recommend every person who hires a hackney coach in London,
+to notice what number is on the door, which, on many occasions,
+has been found very useful.</p>
+<blockquote><p>I am an old coachman, and drive a good hack,<br />
+With a coat of five capes that quite covers my back;<br />
+<a name="page74"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 74</span>And my
+wife keeps a sausage-shop, not many miles<br />
+From the narrowest alley in all broad St. Giles&rsquo;.</p>
+<p>What tho&rsquo; at a tavern my gentleman tarries,<br />
+Why, the coachman grows richer than he whom he carries;<br />
+And I&rsquo;d rather, says I, since it keeps me from sin,<br />
+Be the driver without, than the toper within.</p>
+<p>And tho&rsquo; I&rsquo;m a coachman, I freely confess,<br />
+I beg of my Maker my labours to bless;<br />
+I praise him each morning, and pray ev&rsquo;ry night,<br />
+And &rsquo;tis this makes my heart feel so cheerful and
+light.</p>
+</blockquote>
+<h3>81.&nbsp; New Milk from the Cow.</h3>
+<p style="text-align: center">
+<a href="images/pic81b.jpg">
+<img alt=
+"New milk from the cow"
+title=
+"New milk from the cow"
+src="images/pic81s.jpg" />
+</a></p>
+<p>That lady and her children, who have gone from Cheapside to
+Islington, may fancy themselves at a farm in the country; the
+fields look so green, the fresh air is so reviving, and the warm
+milk so delightfully sweet.&nbsp; Let us hope they will all
+receive some benefit from their morning excursion; for a walk,
+and a draught of new milk, must contribute greatly to the health
+of children who are confined for the rest of the day in a crowded
+city.&nbsp; The old gentleman on the bench seems also to have had
+his draught, and is contemplating the fine shape of the gentle
+cow.</p>
+<h3><a name="page75"></a><span class="pagenum">p.
+75</span>.82&nbsp; Skating.</h3>
+<p style="text-align: center">
+<a href="images/pic82b.jpg">
+<img alt=
+"Skating"
+title=
+"Skating"
+src="images/pic82s.jpg" />
+</a></p>
+<p class="poetry">There go the apprentice and beauish young
+spark,<br />
+To skate on the frozen canal in the park!<br />
+Each bent upon showing his skill and his speed:<br />
+And, truly, there&rsquo;s one <i>bent upon it</i>, indeed.<br />
+Nay, if you go on where the ice is so thin,<br />
+You will not be long <i>on</i>, my good fellow, but
+<i>in</i>.</p>
+<h3>83.&nbsp; The hard Frost.</h3>
+<p style="text-align: center">
+<a href="images/pic83b.jpg">
+<img alt=
+"The hard frost"
+title=
+"The hard frost"
+src="images/pic83s.jpg" />
+</a></p>
+<p>What a picture of winter!&nbsp; The water in the leaden pipes,
+leading from the large iron ones underground, into the houses, is
+frozen.&nbsp; As some part of the pipe is generally exposed to
+the cold air, this stoppage frequently happens in a frost, so
+that the turn-cock is obliged to put a small wooden pipe into one
+of the large ones underground, <a name="citation75"></a><a
+href="#footnote75" class="citation">[75]</a> that the people may
+procure water.&nbsp; The poor woman&rsquo;s cloak is frozen so <a
+name="page76"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 76</span>hard, that it
+looks like a great wing.&nbsp; The little boy blows his fingers
+to make them warmer: and there is a man throwing the snow off the
+house, that it may not soak through to the chamber ceiling when a
+thaw comes.&nbsp; What a blessing to have a good house and a
+comfortable fire-side, when the weather is so severe.</p>
+<h3>84.&nbsp; The Fire-plug.</h3>
+<p style="text-align: center">
+<a href="images/pic84b.jpg">
+<img alt=
+"The Fire-plug"
+title=
+"The Fire-plug"
+src="images/pic84s.jpg" />
+</a></p>
+<p>The turn-cock, as he is called, has just opened a fire-plug,
+or rather water-plug; but as its principal use is to supply water
+to the engines for extinguishing fires, it has acquired the
+former name, more from custom than propriety.&nbsp; Some boys
+make rare sport, by putting one foot on the stream, and dividing
+the course of the water; it is thus driven into the air, and over
+their companions or passengers.</p>
+<p>At first sight it seems impossible for water to run up hill;
+and yet, by a little ingenuity, this is easily done; for, put
+water into what you please, and one side or end of it will always
+rise as high as the other.&nbsp; It is by knowing and thinking
+about this, that clever men have contrived to supply whole cities
+with water, and <a name="page77"></a><span class="pagenum">p.
+77</span>even to send it up into the highest rooms of a
+house.&nbsp; They first of all make a great reservoir, or
+collection of water, on some neighbouring hill, from which pipes
+are carried, underground, to all the houses they wish to supply;
+the water in that end of the pipes next the town, always rising
+as high as that in the reservoir at the other end of them.&nbsp;
+If they cannot find a convenient spring, sufficiently high, they
+force the water to a proper height by pumps and steam-engines;
+and by these inventions, do with ease, what the best ancient
+philosophers might have thought impossible.&nbsp; When one of the
+great pipes, which run through the streets of London, happens to
+burst, the water soon forces up the pavement, and a fountain is
+produced.</p>
+<h3>85.&nbsp; The London Docks</h3>
+<p style="text-align: center">
+<a href="images/pic85b.jpg">
+<img alt=
+"The London Docks"
+title=
+"The London Docks"
+src="images/pic85s.jpg" />
+</a></p>
+<p>Are situated in Wapping, between Ratcliffe Highway and the
+Thames.&nbsp; One of the docks is so large, that it covers more
+than twenty acres of ground, being 1262 feet long, and 699 feet
+wide.&nbsp; It was first opened on the 31st of January,
+1805.&nbsp; The new dock covers a space of fourteen <a
+name="page78"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 78</span>acres.&nbsp;
+There are also immense warehouses.&nbsp; One of them is 762 feet
+long, and 160 feet wide, a representation of which was too large
+to introduce into our picture; but we have given a view of the
+grand entrance, with a ship going into the docks, to be unladen
+of her merchandise, which will be taken care of in one of those
+warehouses, till it is sold for public use.</p>
+<h3>86, 87.&nbsp; Greenwich and Chelsea Hospitals, and
+Pensioners,</h3>
+<p style="text-align: center">
+<a href="images/pic86b.jpg">
+<img alt=
+"Greenwich and Chelsea Hospitals, and Pensioners"
+title=
+"Greenwich and Chelsea Hospitals, and Pensioners"
+src="images/pic86s.jpg" />
+</a></p>
+<p>The wise and benevolent design of founding an hospital for
+those brave men who have been disabled by age or accident, from
+serving any longer in the navy, is said, to the honour of the
+female sex, to have originated with that excellent woman, Queen
+Mary, the wife of King William the Third; and the founding of an
+asylum for invalid soldiers at Chelsea, was also attributed to a
+female, one of King Charles the Second&rsquo;s favourites.&nbsp;
+The buildings at each place are more like palaces than hospitals,
+and great care is taken to render the objects of the institution
+comfortable in their situations.&nbsp; The hospital at Chelsea,
+with its appendages, covers above forty acres of ground.&nbsp;
+There are three hundred and thirty-six in-door pensioners, and an
+unlimited number of out-door pensioners, who receive an annual
+allowance of seven pounds twelve shillings and sixpence
+each.&nbsp; Greenwich Hospital admits two thousand three hundred
+and fifty pensioners, who are provided with lodging, food,
+clothing, and pocket-money; exclusive of about twelve hundred
+out-pensioners, who receive seven pounds each per annum.&nbsp;
+Both hospitals are situated by the water-side.&nbsp; At Chelsea,
+the pensioners have gardens and fields to walk in; and at
+Greenwich, there is a large and pleasant park.</p>
+<p style="text-align: center">
+<a href="images/pic87b.jpg">
+<img alt=
+"Greenwich and Chelsea Hospitals, and Pensioners"
+title=
+"Greenwich and Chelsea Hospitals, and Pensioners"
+src="images/pic87s.jpg" />
+</a></p>
+<div class="gapspace">&nbsp;</div>
+<p style="text-align: center"><span class="GutSmall">THE
+END.</span></p>
+<div class="gapspace">&nbsp;</div>
+<div class="gapshortline">&nbsp;</div>
+<p style="text-align: center">Joseph Rickerby, Printer, Sherbourn
+Lane.</p>
+<h2>Footnotes</h2>
+<p><a name="footnote9"></a><a href="#citation9"
+class="footnote">[9]</a>&nbsp; Published at 58, Holborn Hill.</p>
+<p><a name="footnote14"></a><a href="#citation14"
+class="footnote">[14]</a>&nbsp; Here Ann Boleyn, and many other
+illustrious persons, languished out their miserable hours of
+captivity; especially the amiable and learned, the good Jane
+Gray, who was shut up in it for five months.&nbsp; She fell a
+victim to the jealousy of Mary.&nbsp; Her piety, magnanimity, and
+conscious innocence, afforded her invincible fortitude in this
+trying hour, which, even the sight of her husband&rsquo;s body,
+reeking from the scaffold, did not shake.</p>
+<p><a name="footnote29"></a><a href="#citation29"
+class="footnote">[29]</a>&nbsp; The summer of 1794 had been very
+dry, and a pitch-kettle, happening to boil over at a wharf near
+Ratcliffe Cross, it set fire to a warehouse containing many bags
+of saltpetre: this soon exploded, and the wind blowing from the
+south, directed the flames towards Ratcliffe High Street, which
+took fire on both sides, and more houses were consumed than in
+any conflagration since the great fire in 1666.&nbsp; It was
+estimated that upwards of four hundred families lost all their
+possessions, and many of them lived in tents or booths for a
+considerable time after.</p>
+<p><a name="footnote65"></a><a href="#citation65"
+class="footnote">[65]</a>&nbsp; When in Palestine, Edward nearly
+escaped being murdered by an assassin, from whom he received a
+wound in his arm, which was given by a poisoned dagger.&nbsp; It
+is affirmed that he owed his life to the affection of Eleanor,
+his wife, who was with him, and sucked the venom out of the
+wound.</p>
+<p><a name="footnote75"></a><a href="#citation75"
+class="footnote">[75]</a>&nbsp; In the year 1813, one of the
+turn-cocks in Giltspur Street, found a very unusual stoppage at
+the extremity of the Thames water-pipe there, and on searching
+for the cause, to his great surprise found a live salmon, which
+weighed about eight pounds.</p>
+<p>***END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK CITY SCENES***</p>
+<pre>
+
+
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+</html>
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diff --git a/LICENSE.txt b/LICENSE.txt
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@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+This eBook, including all associated images, markup, improvements,
+metadata, and any other content or labor, has been confirmed to be
+in the PUBLIC DOMAIN IN THE UNITED STATES.
+
+Procedures for determining public domain status are described in
+the "Copyright How-To" at https://www.gutenberg.org.
+
+No investigation has been made concerning possible copyrights in
+jurisdictions other than the United States. Anyone seeking to utilize
+this eBook outside of the United States should confirm copyright
+status under the laws that apply to them.
diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
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@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+Project Gutenberg (https://www.gutenberg.org) public repository for
+eBook #38612 (https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/38612)